{-# LANGUAGE CPP #-}

-- | Handy functions for creating much Core syntax
module MkCore (
        -- * Constructing normal syntax
        mkCoreLet, mkCoreLets,
        mkCoreApp, mkCoreApps, mkCoreConApps,
        mkCoreLams, mkWildCase, mkIfThenElse,
        mkWildValBinder, mkWildEvBinder,
        sortQuantVars, castBottomExpr,

        -- * Constructing boxed literals
        mkWordExpr, mkWordExprWord,
        mkIntExpr, mkIntExprInt,
        mkIntegerExpr, mkNaturalExpr,
        mkFloatExpr, mkDoubleExpr,
        mkCharExpr, mkStringExpr, mkStringExprFS, mkStringExprFSWith,

        -- * Floats
        FloatBind(..), wrapFloat,

        -- * Constructing small tuples
        mkCoreVarTup, mkCoreVarTupTy, mkCoreTup, mkCoreUbxTup,
        mkCoreTupBoxity, unitExpr,

        -- * Constructing big tuples
        mkBigCoreVarTup, mkBigCoreVarTup1,
        mkBigCoreVarTupTy, mkBigCoreTupTy,
        mkBigCoreTup,

        -- * Deconstructing small tuples
        mkSmallTupleSelector, mkSmallTupleCase,

        -- * Deconstructing big tuples
        mkTupleSelector, mkTupleSelector1, mkTupleCase,

        -- * Constructing list expressions
        mkNilExpr, mkConsExpr, mkListExpr,
        mkFoldrExpr, mkBuildExpr,

        -- * Constructing Maybe expressions
        mkNothingExpr, mkJustExpr,

        -- * Error Ids
        mkRuntimeErrorApp, mkImpossibleExpr, mkAbsentErrorApp, errorIds,
        rEC_CON_ERROR_ID, rUNTIME_ERROR_ID,
        nON_EXHAUSTIVE_GUARDS_ERROR_ID, nO_METHOD_BINDING_ERROR_ID,
        pAT_ERROR_ID, rEC_SEL_ERROR_ID, aBSENT_ERROR_ID,
        tYPE_ERROR_ID,
    ) where

#include "HsVersions.h"

import GhcPrelude

import Id
import Var      ( EvVar, setTyVarUnique )

import CoreSyn
import CoreUtils        ( exprType, needsCaseBinding, bindNonRec )
import Literal
import HscTypes

import TysWiredIn
import PrelNames

import HsUtils          ( mkChunkified, chunkify )
import Type
import Coercion         ( isCoVar )
import TysPrim
import DataCon          ( DataCon, dataConWorkId )
import IdInfo
import Demand
import Name      hiding ( varName )
import Outputable
import FastString
import UniqSupply
import BasicTypes
import Util
import DynFlags
import Data.List

import Data.Char        ( ord )

infixl 4 `mkCoreApp`, `mkCoreApps`

{-
************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
\subsection{Basic CoreSyn construction}
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************
-}
sortQuantVars :: [Var] -> [Var]
-- Sort the variables, putting type and covars first, in scoped order,
-- and then other Ids
-- It is a deterministic sort, meaining it doesn't look at the values of
-- Uniques. For explanation why it's important See Note [Unique Determinism]
-- in Unique.
sortQuantVars vs = sorted_tcvs ++ ids
  where
    (tcvs, ids) = partition (isTyVar <||> isCoVar) vs
    sorted_tcvs = toposortTyVars tcvs

-- | Bind a binding group over an expression, using a @let@ or @case@ as
-- appropriate (see "CoreSyn#let_app_invariant")
mkCoreLet :: CoreBind -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr
mkCoreLet (NonRec bndr rhs) body        -- See Note [CoreSyn let/app invariant]
  | needsCaseBinding (idType bndr) rhs
  , not (isJoinId bndr)
  = Case rhs bndr (exprType body) [(DEFAULT,[],body)]
mkCoreLet bind body
  = Let bind body

-- | Bind a list of binding groups over an expression. The leftmost binding
-- group becomes the outermost group in the resulting expression
mkCoreLets :: [CoreBind] -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr
mkCoreLets binds body = foldr mkCoreLet body binds

-- | Construct an expression which represents the application of one expression
-- paired with its type to an argument. The result is paired with its type. This
-- function is not exported and used in the definition of 'mkCoreApp' and
-- 'mkCoreApps'.
-- Respects the let/app invariant by building a case expression where necessary
--   See CoreSyn Note [CoreSyn let/app invariant]
mkCoreAppTyped :: SDoc -> (CoreExpr, Type) -> CoreExpr -> (CoreExpr, Type)
mkCoreAppTyped _ (fun, fun_ty) (Type ty)
  = (App fun (Type ty), piResultTy fun_ty ty)
mkCoreAppTyped _ (fun, fun_ty) (Coercion co)
  = (App fun (Coercion co), res_ty)
  where
    (_, res_ty) = splitFunTy fun_ty
mkCoreAppTyped d (fun, fun_ty) arg
  = ASSERT2( isFunTy fun_ty, ppr fun $$ ppr arg $$ d )
    (mk_val_app fun arg arg_ty res_ty, res_ty)
  where
    (arg_ty, res_ty) = splitFunTy fun_ty

-- | Construct an expression which represents the application of one expression
-- to the other
-- Respects the let/app invariant by building a case expression where necessary
--   See CoreSyn Note [CoreSyn let/app invariant]
mkCoreApp :: SDoc -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr
mkCoreApp s fun arg
  = fst $ mkCoreAppTyped s (fun, exprType fun) arg

-- | Construct an expression which represents the application of a number of
-- expressions to another. The leftmost expression in the list is applied first
-- Respects the let/app invariant by building a case expression where necessary
--   See CoreSyn Note [CoreSyn let/app invariant]
mkCoreApps :: CoreExpr -> [CoreExpr] -> CoreExpr
mkCoreApps fun args
  = fst $
    foldl' (mkCoreAppTyped doc_string) (fun, fun_ty) args
  where
    doc_string = ppr fun_ty $$ ppr fun $$ ppr args
    fun_ty = exprType fun

-- | Construct an expression which represents the application of a number of
-- expressions to that of a data constructor expression. The leftmost expression
-- in the list is applied first
mkCoreConApps :: DataCon -> [CoreExpr] -> CoreExpr
mkCoreConApps con args = mkCoreApps (Var (dataConWorkId con)) args

mk_val_app :: CoreExpr -> CoreExpr -> Type -> Type -> CoreExpr
-- Build an application (e1 e2),
-- or a strict binding  (case e2 of x -> e1 x)
-- using the latter when necessary to respect the let/app invariant
--   See Note [CoreSyn let/app invariant]
mk_val_app fun arg arg_ty res_ty
  | not (needsCaseBinding arg_ty arg)
  = App fun arg                -- The vastly common case

  | otherwise
  = Case arg arg_id res_ty [(DEFAULT,[],App fun (Var arg_id))]
  where
    arg_id = mkWildValBinder arg_ty
        -- Lots of shadowing, but it doesn't matter,
        -- because 'fun ' should not have a free wild-id
        --
        -- This is Dangerous.  But this is the only place we play this
        -- game, mk_val_app returns an expression that does not have
        -- a free wild-id.  So the only thing that can go wrong
        -- is if you take apart this case expression, and pass a
        -- fragment of it as the fun part of a 'mk_val_app'.

-----------
mkWildEvBinder :: PredType -> EvVar
mkWildEvBinder pred = mkWildValBinder pred

-- | Make a /wildcard binder/. This is typically used when you need a binder
-- that you expect to use only at a *binding* site.  Do not use it at
-- occurrence sites because it has a single, fixed unique, and it's very
-- easy to get into difficulties with shadowing.  That's why it is used so little.
-- See Note [WildCard binders] in SimplEnv
mkWildValBinder :: Type -> Id
mkWildValBinder ty = mkLocalIdOrCoVar wildCardName ty

mkWildCase :: CoreExpr -> Type -> Type -> [CoreAlt] -> CoreExpr
-- Make a case expression whose case binder is unused
-- The alts should not have any occurrences of WildId
mkWildCase scrut scrut_ty res_ty alts
  = Case scrut (mkWildValBinder scrut_ty) res_ty alts

mkIfThenElse :: CoreExpr -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr
mkIfThenElse guard then_expr else_expr
-- Not going to be refining, so okay to take the type of the "then" clause
  = mkWildCase guard boolTy (exprType then_expr)
         [ (DataAlt falseDataCon, [], else_expr),       -- Increasing order of tag!
           (DataAlt trueDataCon,  [], then_expr) ]

castBottomExpr :: CoreExpr -> Type -> CoreExpr
-- (castBottomExpr e ty), assuming that 'e' diverges,
-- return an expression of type 'ty'
-- See Note [Empty case alternatives] in CoreSyn
castBottomExpr e res_ty
  | e_ty `eqType` res_ty = e
  | otherwise            = Case e (mkWildValBinder e_ty) res_ty []
  where
    e_ty = exprType e

{-
The functions from this point don't really do anything cleverer than
their counterparts in CoreSyn, but they are here for consistency
-}

-- | Create a lambda where the given expression has a number of variables
-- bound over it. The leftmost binder is that bound by the outermost
-- lambda in the result
mkCoreLams :: [CoreBndr] -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr
mkCoreLams = mkLams

{-
************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
\subsection{Making literals}
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************
-}

-- | Create a 'CoreExpr' which will evaluate to the given @Int@
mkIntExpr :: DynFlags -> Integer -> CoreExpr        -- Result = I# i :: Int
mkIntExpr dflags i = mkCoreConApps intDataCon  [mkIntLit dflags i]

-- | Create a 'CoreExpr' which will evaluate to the given @Int@
mkIntExprInt :: DynFlags -> Int -> CoreExpr         -- Result = I# i :: Int
mkIntExprInt dflags i = mkCoreConApps intDataCon  [mkIntLitInt dflags i]

-- | Create a 'CoreExpr' which will evaluate to the a @Word@ with the given value
mkWordExpr :: DynFlags -> Integer -> CoreExpr
mkWordExpr dflags w = mkCoreConApps wordDataCon [mkWordLit dflags w]

-- | Create a 'CoreExpr' which will evaluate to the given @Word@
mkWordExprWord :: DynFlags -> Word -> CoreExpr
mkWordExprWord dflags w = mkCoreConApps wordDataCon [mkWordLitWord dflags w]

-- | Create a 'CoreExpr' which will evaluate to the given @Integer@
mkIntegerExpr  :: MonadThings m => Integer -> m CoreExpr  -- Result :: Integer
mkIntegerExpr i = do t <- lookupTyCon integerTyConName
                     return (Lit (mkLitInteger i (mkTyConTy t)))

-- | Create a 'CoreExpr' which will evaluate to the given @Natural@
--
-- TODO: should we add LitNatural to Core?
mkNaturalExpr  :: MonadThings m => Integer -> m CoreExpr  -- Result :: Natural
mkNaturalExpr i = do iExpr <- mkIntegerExpr i
                     fiExpr <- lookupId naturalFromIntegerName
                     return (mkCoreApps (Var fiExpr) [iExpr])


-- | Create a 'CoreExpr' which will evaluate to the given @Float@
mkFloatExpr :: Float -> CoreExpr
mkFloatExpr f = mkCoreConApps floatDataCon [mkFloatLitFloat f]

-- | Create a 'CoreExpr' which will evaluate to the given @Double@
mkDoubleExpr :: Double -> CoreExpr
mkDoubleExpr d = mkCoreConApps doubleDataCon [mkDoubleLitDouble d]


-- | Create a 'CoreExpr' which will evaluate to the given @Char@
mkCharExpr     :: Char             -> CoreExpr      -- Result = C# c :: Int
mkCharExpr c = mkCoreConApps charDataCon [mkCharLit c]

-- | Create a 'CoreExpr' which will evaluate to the given @String@
mkStringExpr   :: MonadThings m => String     -> m CoreExpr  -- Result :: String

-- | Create a 'CoreExpr' which will evaluate to a string morally equivalent to the given @FastString@
mkStringExprFS :: MonadThings m => FastString -> m CoreExpr  -- Result :: String

mkStringExpr str = mkStringExprFS (mkFastString str)

mkStringExprFS = mkStringExprFSWith lookupId

mkStringExprFSWith :: Monad m => (Name -> m Id) -> FastString -> m CoreExpr
mkStringExprFSWith lookupM str
  | nullFS str
  = return (mkNilExpr charTy)

  | all safeChar chars
  = do unpack_id <- lookupM unpackCStringName
       return (App (Var unpack_id) lit)

  | otherwise
  = do unpack_utf8_id <- lookupM unpackCStringUtf8Name
       return (App (Var unpack_utf8_id) lit)

  where
    chars = unpackFS str
    safeChar c = ord c >= 1 && ord c <= 0x7F
    lit = Lit (MachStr (fastStringToByteString str))

{-
************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
\subsection{Tuple constructors}
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************
-}

{-
Creating tuples and their types for Core expressions

@mkBigCoreVarTup@ builds a tuple; the inverse to @mkTupleSelector@.

* If it has only one element, it is the identity function.

* If there are more elements than a big tuple can have, it nests
  the tuples.

Note [Flattening one-tuples]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
This family of functions creates a tuple of variables/expressions/types.
  mkCoreTup [e1,e2,e3] = (e1,e2,e3)
What if there is just one variable/expression/type in the argument?
We could do one of two things:

* Flatten it out, so that
    mkCoreTup [e1] = e1

* Build a one-tuple (see Note [One-tuples] in TysWiredIn)
    mkCoreTup1 [e1] = Unit e1
  We use a suffix "1" to indicate this.

Usually we want the former, but occasionally the latter.
-}

-- | Build a small tuple holding the specified variables
-- One-tuples are flattened; see Note [Flattening one-tuples]
mkCoreVarTup :: [Id] -> CoreExpr
mkCoreVarTup ids = mkCoreTup (map Var ids)

-- | Build the type of a small tuple that holds the specified variables
-- One-tuples are flattened; see Note [Flattening one-tuples]
mkCoreVarTupTy :: [Id] -> Type
mkCoreVarTupTy ids = mkBoxedTupleTy (map idType ids)

-- | Build a small tuple holding the specified expressions
-- One-tuples are flattened; see Note [Flattening one-tuples]
mkCoreTup :: [CoreExpr] -> CoreExpr
mkCoreTup []  = Var unitDataConId
mkCoreTup [c] = c
mkCoreTup cs  = mkCoreConApps (tupleDataCon Boxed (length cs))
                              (map (Type . exprType) cs ++ cs)

-- | Build a small unboxed tuple holding the specified expressions,
-- with the given types. The types must be the types of the expressions.
-- Do not include the RuntimeRep specifiers; this function calculates them
-- for you.
-- Does /not/ flatten one-tuples; see Note [Flattening one-tuples]
mkCoreUbxTup :: [Type] -> [CoreExpr] -> CoreExpr
mkCoreUbxTup tys exps
  = ASSERT( tys `equalLength` exps)
    mkCoreConApps (tupleDataCon Unboxed (length tys))
             (map (Type . getRuntimeRep) tys ++ map Type tys ++ exps)

-- | Make a core tuple of the given boxity
mkCoreTupBoxity :: Boxity -> [CoreExpr] -> CoreExpr
mkCoreTupBoxity Boxed   exps = mkCoreTup exps
mkCoreTupBoxity Unboxed exps = mkCoreUbxTup (map exprType exps) exps

-- | Build a big tuple holding the specified variables
-- One-tuples are flattened; see Note [Flattening one-tuples]
mkBigCoreVarTup :: [Id] -> CoreExpr
mkBigCoreVarTup ids = mkBigCoreTup (map Var ids)

mkBigCoreVarTup1 :: [Id] -> CoreExpr
-- Same as mkBigCoreVarTup, but one-tuples are NOT flattened
--                          see Note [Flattening one-tuples]
mkBigCoreVarTup1 [id] = mkCoreConApps (tupleDataCon Boxed 1)
                                      [Type (idType id), Var id]
mkBigCoreVarTup1 ids  = mkBigCoreTup (map Var ids)

-- | Build the type of a big tuple that holds the specified variables
-- One-tuples are flattened; see Note [Flattening one-tuples]
mkBigCoreVarTupTy :: [Id] -> Type
mkBigCoreVarTupTy ids = mkBigCoreTupTy (map idType ids)

-- | Build a big tuple holding the specified expressions
-- One-tuples are flattened; see Note [Flattening one-tuples]
mkBigCoreTup :: [CoreExpr] -> CoreExpr
mkBigCoreTup = mkChunkified mkCoreTup

-- | Build the type of a big tuple that holds the specified type of thing
-- One-tuples are flattened; see Note [Flattening one-tuples]
mkBigCoreTupTy :: [Type] -> Type
mkBigCoreTupTy = mkChunkified mkBoxedTupleTy

-- | The unit expression
unitExpr :: CoreExpr
unitExpr = Var unitDataConId

{-
************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
\subsection{Tuple destructors}
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************
-}

-- | Builds a selector which scrutises the given
-- expression and extracts the one name from the list given.
-- If you want the no-shadowing rule to apply, the caller
-- is responsible for making sure that none of these names
-- are in scope.
--
-- If there is just one 'Id' in the tuple, then the selector is
-- just the identity.
--
-- If necessary, we pattern match on a \"big\" tuple.
mkTupleSelector, mkTupleSelector1
    :: [Id]         -- ^ The 'Id's to pattern match the tuple against
    -> Id           -- ^ The 'Id' to select
    -> Id           -- ^ A variable of the same type as the scrutinee
    -> CoreExpr     -- ^ Scrutinee
    -> CoreExpr     -- ^ Selector expression

-- mkTupleSelector [a,b,c,d] b v e
--          = case e of v {
--                (p,q) -> case p of p {
--                           (a,b) -> b }}
-- We use 'tpl' vars for the p,q, since shadowing does not matter.
--
-- In fact, it's more convenient to generate it innermost first, getting
--
--        case (case e of v
--                (p,q) -> p) of p
--          (a,b) -> b
mkTupleSelector vars the_var scrut_var scrut
  = mk_tup_sel (chunkify vars) the_var
  where
    mk_tup_sel [vars] the_var = mkSmallTupleSelector vars the_var scrut_var scrut
    mk_tup_sel vars_s the_var = mkSmallTupleSelector group the_var tpl_v $
                                mk_tup_sel (chunkify tpl_vs) tpl_v
        where
          tpl_tys = [mkBoxedTupleTy (map idType gp) | gp <- vars_s]
          tpl_vs  = mkTemplateLocals tpl_tys
          [(tpl_v, group)] = [(tpl,gp) | (tpl,gp) <- zipEqual "mkTupleSelector" tpl_vs vars_s,
                                         the_var `elem` gp ]
-- ^ 'mkTupleSelector1' is like 'mkTupleSelector'
-- but one-tuples are NOT flattened (see Note [Flattening one-tuples])
mkTupleSelector1 vars the_var scrut_var scrut
  | [_] <- vars
  = mkSmallTupleSelector1 vars the_var scrut_var scrut
  | otherwise
  = mkTupleSelector vars the_var scrut_var scrut

-- | Like 'mkTupleSelector' but for tuples that are guaranteed
-- never to be \"big\".
--
-- > mkSmallTupleSelector [x] x v e = [| e |]
-- > mkSmallTupleSelector [x,y,z] x v e = [| case e of v { (x,y,z) -> x } |]
mkSmallTupleSelector, mkSmallTupleSelector1
          :: [Id]        -- The tuple args
          -> Id          -- The selected one
          -> Id          -- A variable of the same type as the scrutinee
          -> CoreExpr    -- Scrutinee
          -> CoreExpr
mkSmallTupleSelector [var] should_be_the_same_var _ scrut
  = ASSERT(var == should_be_the_same_var)
    scrut  -- Special case for 1-tuples
mkSmallTupleSelector vars the_var scrut_var scrut
  = mkSmallTupleSelector1 vars the_var scrut_var scrut

-- ^ 'mkSmallTupleSelector1' is like 'mkSmallTupleSelector'
-- but one-tuples are NOT flattened (see Note [Flattening one-tuples])
mkSmallTupleSelector1 vars the_var scrut_var scrut
  = ASSERT( notNull vars )
    Case scrut scrut_var (idType the_var)
         [(DataAlt (tupleDataCon Boxed (length vars)), vars, Var the_var)]

-- | A generalization of 'mkTupleSelector', allowing the body
-- of the case to be an arbitrary expression.
--
-- To avoid shadowing, we use uniques to invent new variables.
--
-- If necessary we pattern match on a \"big\" tuple.
mkTupleCase :: UniqSupply       -- ^ For inventing names of intermediate variables
            -> [Id]             -- ^ The tuple identifiers to pattern match on
            -> CoreExpr         -- ^ Body of the case
            -> Id               -- ^ A variable of the same type as the scrutinee
            -> CoreExpr         -- ^ Scrutinee
            -> CoreExpr
-- ToDo: eliminate cases where none of the variables are needed.
--
--         mkTupleCase uniqs [a,b,c,d] body v e
--           = case e of v { (p,q) ->
--             case p of p { (a,b) ->
--             case q of q { (c,d) ->
--             body }}}
mkTupleCase uniqs vars body scrut_var scrut
  = mk_tuple_case uniqs (chunkify vars) body
  where
    -- This is the case where don't need any nesting
    mk_tuple_case _ [vars] body
      = mkSmallTupleCase vars body scrut_var scrut

    -- This is the case where we must make nest tuples at least once
    mk_tuple_case us vars_s body
      = let (us', vars', body') = foldr one_tuple_case (us, [], body) vars_s
            in mk_tuple_case us' (chunkify vars') body'

    one_tuple_case chunk_vars (us, vs, body)
      = let (uniq, us') = takeUniqFromSupply us
            scrut_var = mkSysLocal (fsLit "ds") uniq
              (mkBoxedTupleTy (map idType chunk_vars))
            body' = mkSmallTupleCase chunk_vars body scrut_var (Var scrut_var)
        in (us', scrut_var:vs, body')

-- | As 'mkTupleCase', but for a tuple that is small enough to be guaranteed
-- not to need nesting.
mkSmallTupleCase
        :: [Id]         -- ^ The tuple args
        -> CoreExpr     -- ^ Body of the case
        -> Id           -- ^ A variable of the same type as the scrutinee
        -> CoreExpr     -- ^ Scrutinee
        -> CoreExpr

mkSmallTupleCase [var] body _scrut_var scrut
  = bindNonRec var scrut body
mkSmallTupleCase vars body scrut_var scrut
-- One branch no refinement?
  = Case scrut scrut_var (exprType body)
         [(DataAlt (tupleDataCon Boxed (length vars)), vars, body)]

{-
************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
                Floats
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************
-}

data FloatBind
  = FloatLet  CoreBind
  | FloatCase CoreExpr Id AltCon [Var]
      -- case e of y { C ys -> ... }
      -- See Note [Floating cases] in SetLevels

instance Outputable FloatBind where
  ppr (FloatLet b) = text "LET" <+> ppr b
  ppr (FloatCase e b c bs) = hang (text "CASE" <+> ppr e <+> ptext (sLit "of") <+> ppr b)
                                2 (ppr c <+> ppr bs)

wrapFloat :: FloatBind -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr
wrapFloat (FloatLet defns)       body = Let defns body
wrapFloat (FloatCase e b con bs) body = Case e b (exprType body) [(con, bs, body)]

{-
************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
\subsection{Common list manipulation expressions}
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************

Call the constructor Ids when building explicit lists, so that they
interact well with rules.
-}

-- | Makes a list @[]@ for lists of the specified type
mkNilExpr :: Type -> CoreExpr
mkNilExpr ty = mkCoreConApps nilDataCon [Type ty]

-- | Makes a list @(:)@ for lists of the specified type
mkConsExpr :: Type -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr
mkConsExpr ty hd tl = mkCoreConApps consDataCon [Type ty, hd, tl]

-- | Make a list containing the given expressions, where the list has the given type
mkListExpr :: Type -> [CoreExpr] -> CoreExpr
mkListExpr ty xs = foldr (mkConsExpr ty) (mkNilExpr ty) xs

-- | Make a fully applied 'foldr' expression
mkFoldrExpr :: MonadThings m
            => Type             -- ^ Element type of the list
            -> Type             -- ^ Fold result type
            -> CoreExpr         -- ^ "Cons" function expression for the fold
            -> CoreExpr         -- ^ "Nil" expression for the fold
            -> CoreExpr         -- ^ List expression being folded acress
            -> m CoreExpr
mkFoldrExpr elt_ty result_ty c n list = do
    foldr_id <- lookupId foldrName
    return (Var foldr_id `App` Type elt_ty
           `App` Type result_ty
           `App` c
           `App` n
           `App` list)

-- | Make a 'build' expression applied to a locally-bound worker function
mkBuildExpr :: (MonadThings m, MonadUnique m)
            => Type                                     -- ^ Type of list elements to be built
            -> ((Id, Type) -> (Id, Type) -> m CoreExpr) -- ^ Function that, given information about the 'Id's
                                                        -- of the binders for the build worker function, returns
                                                        -- the body of that worker
            -> m CoreExpr
mkBuildExpr elt_ty mk_build_inside = do
    [n_tyvar] <- newTyVars [alphaTyVar]
    let n_ty = mkTyVarTy n_tyvar
        c_ty = mkFunTys [elt_ty, n_ty] n_ty
    [c, n] <- sequence [mkSysLocalM (fsLit "c") c_ty, mkSysLocalM (fsLit "n") n_ty]

    build_inside <- mk_build_inside (c, c_ty) (n, n_ty)

    build_id <- lookupId buildName
    return $ Var build_id `App` Type elt_ty `App` mkLams [n_tyvar, c, n] build_inside
  where
    newTyVars tyvar_tmpls = do
      uniqs <- getUniquesM
      return (zipWith setTyVarUnique tyvar_tmpls uniqs)

{-
************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
             Manipulating Maybe data type
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************
-}


-- | Makes a Nothing for the specified type
mkNothingExpr :: Type -> CoreExpr
mkNothingExpr ty = mkConApp nothingDataCon [Type ty]

-- | Makes a Just from a value of the specified type
mkJustExpr :: Type -> CoreExpr -> CoreExpr
mkJustExpr ty val = mkConApp justDataCon [Type ty, val]


{-
************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
                      Error expressions
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************
-}

mkRuntimeErrorApp
        :: Id           -- Should be of type (forall a. Addr# -> a)
                        --      where Addr# points to a UTF8 encoded string
        -> Type         -- The type to instantiate 'a'
        -> String       -- The string to print
        -> CoreExpr

mkRuntimeErrorApp err_id res_ty err_msg
  = mkApps (Var err_id) [ Type (getRuntimeRep res_ty)
                        , Type res_ty, err_string ]
  where
    err_string = Lit (mkMachString err_msg)

mkImpossibleExpr :: Type -> CoreExpr
mkImpossibleExpr res_ty
  = mkRuntimeErrorApp rUNTIME_ERROR_ID res_ty "Impossible case alternative"

{-
************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
                     Error Ids
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************

GHC randomly injects these into the code.

@patError@ is just a version of @error@ for pattern-matching
failures.  It knows various ``codes'' which expand to longer
strings---this saves space!

@absentErr@ is a thing we put in for ``absent'' arguments.  They jolly
well shouldn't be yanked on, but if one is, then you will get a
friendly message from @absentErr@ (rather than a totally random
crash).

@parError@ is a special version of @error@ which the compiler does
not know to be a bottoming Id.  It is used in the @_par_@ and @_seq_@
templates, but we don't ever expect to generate code for it.
-}

errorIds :: [Id]
errorIds
  = [ rUNTIME_ERROR_ID,
      nON_EXHAUSTIVE_GUARDS_ERROR_ID,
      nO_METHOD_BINDING_ERROR_ID,
      pAT_ERROR_ID,
      rEC_CON_ERROR_ID,
      rEC_SEL_ERROR_ID,
      aBSENT_ERROR_ID,
      tYPE_ERROR_ID   -- Used with Opt_DeferTypeErrors, see #10284
      ]

recSelErrorName, runtimeErrorName, absentErrorName :: Name
recConErrorName, patErrorName :: Name
nonExhaustiveGuardsErrorName, noMethodBindingErrorName :: Name
typeErrorName :: Name

recSelErrorName     = err_nm "recSelError"     recSelErrorIdKey     rEC_SEL_ERROR_ID
absentErrorName     = err_nm "absentError"     absentErrorIdKey     aBSENT_ERROR_ID
runtimeErrorName    = err_nm "runtimeError"    runtimeErrorIdKey    rUNTIME_ERROR_ID
recConErrorName     = err_nm "recConError"     recConErrorIdKey     rEC_CON_ERROR_ID
patErrorName        = err_nm "patError"        patErrorIdKey        pAT_ERROR_ID
typeErrorName       = err_nm "typeError"       typeErrorIdKey       tYPE_ERROR_ID

noMethodBindingErrorName     = err_nm "noMethodBindingError"
                                  noMethodBindingErrorIdKey nO_METHOD_BINDING_ERROR_ID
nonExhaustiveGuardsErrorName = err_nm "nonExhaustiveGuardsError"
                                  nonExhaustiveGuardsErrorIdKey nON_EXHAUSTIVE_GUARDS_ERROR_ID

err_nm :: String -> Unique -> Id -> Name
err_nm str uniq id = mkWiredInIdName cONTROL_EXCEPTION_BASE (fsLit str) uniq id

rEC_SEL_ERROR_ID, rUNTIME_ERROR_ID, rEC_CON_ERROR_ID :: Id
pAT_ERROR_ID, nO_METHOD_BINDING_ERROR_ID, nON_EXHAUSTIVE_GUARDS_ERROR_ID :: Id
tYPE_ERROR_ID, aBSENT_ERROR_ID :: Id
rEC_SEL_ERROR_ID                = mkRuntimeErrorId recSelErrorName
rUNTIME_ERROR_ID                = mkRuntimeErrorId runtimeErrorName
rEC_CON_ERROR_ID                = mkRuntimeErrorId recConErrorName
pAT_ERROR_ID                    = mkRuntimeErrorId patErrorName
nO_METHOD_BINDING_ERROR_ID      = mkRuntimeErrorId noMethodBindingErrorName
nON_EXHAUSTIVE_GUARDS_ERROR_ID  = mkRuntimeErrorId nonExhaustiveGuardsErrorName
tYPE_ERROR_ID                   = mkRuntimeErrorId typeErrorName

mkRuntimeErrorId :: Name -> Id
-- Error function
--   with type:  forall (r:RuntimeRep) (a:TYPE r). Addr# -> a
--   with arity: 1
-- which diverges after being given one argument
-- The Addr# is expected to be the address of
--   a UTF8-encoded error string
mkRuntimeErrorId name
 = mkVanillaGlobalWithInfo name runtimeErrorTy bottoming_info
 where
    bottoming_info = vanillaIdInfo `setStrictnessInfo`    strict_sig
                                   `setArityInfo`         1
                        -- Make arity and strictness agree

        -- Do *not* mark them as NoCafRefs, because they can indeed have
        -- CAF refs.  For example, pAT_ERROR_ID calls GHC.Err.untangle,
        -- which has some CAFs
        -- In due course we may arrange that these error-y things are
        -- regarded by the GC as permanently live, in which case we
        -- can give them NoCaf info.  As it is, any function that calls
        -- any pc_bottoming_Id will itself have CafRefs, which bloats
        -- SRTs.

    strict_sig = mkClosedStrictSig [evalDmd] exnRes
              -- exnRes: these throw an exception, not just diverge

runtimeErrorTy :: Type
-- forall (rr :: RuntimeRep) (a :: rr). Addr# -> a
--   See Note [Error and friends have an "open-tyvar" forall]
runtimeErrorTy = mkSpecForAllTys [runtimeRep1TyVar, openAlphaTyVar]
                                 (mkFunTy addrPrimTy openAlphaTy)

{- Note [Error and friends have an "open-tyvar" forall]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
'error' and 'undefined' have types
        error     :: forall (v :: RuntimeRep) (a :: TYPE v). String -> a
        undefined :: forall (v :: RuntimeRep) (a :: TYPE v). a
Notice the runtime-representation polymorphism. This ensures that
"error" can be instantiated at unboxed as well as boxed types.
This is OK because it never returns, so the return type is irrelevant.


************************************************************************
*                                                                      *
                     aBSENT_ERROR_ID
*                                                                      *
************************************************************************

Note [aBSENT_ERROR_ID]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
We use aBSENT_ERROR_ID to build dummy values in workers.  E.g.

   f x = (case x of (a,b) -> b) + 1::Int

The demand analyser figures ot that only the second component of x is
used, and does a w/w split thus

   f x = case x of (a,b) -> $wf b

   $wf b = let a = absentError "blah"
               x = (a,b)
           in <the original RHS of f>

After some simplification, the (absentError "blah") thunk goes away.

------ Tricky wrinkle -------
Trac #14285 had, roughly

   data T a = MkT a !a
   {-# INLINABLE f #-}
   f x = case x of MkT a b -> g (MkT b a)

It turned out that g didn't use the second component, and hence f doesn't use
the first.  But the stable-unfolding for f looks like
   \x. case x of MkT a b -> g ($WMkT b a)
where $WMkT is the wrapper for MkT that evaluates its arguments.  We
apply the same w/w split to this unfolding (see Note [Worker-wrapper
for INLINEABLE functions] in WorkWrap) so the template ends up like
   \b. let a = absentError "blah"
           x = MkT a b
        in case x of MkT a b -> g ($WMkT b a)

After doing case-of-known-constructor, and expanding $WMkT we get
   \b -> g (case absentError "blah" of a -> MkT b a)

Yikes!  That bogusly appears to evaluate the absentError!

This is extremely tiresome.  Another way to think of this is that, in
Core, it is an invariant that a strict data contructor, like MkT, must
be be applied only to an argument in HNF. so (absentError "blah") had
better be non-bottom.

So the "solution" is to make absentError behave like a data constructor,
to respect this invariant.  Rather than have a special case in exprIsHNF,
I eneded up doing this:

 * Make absentError claim to be ConLike

 * Make exprOkForSpeculation/exprOkForSideEffects
   return True for ConLike things

  * In Simplify.rebuildCase, make the
        Note [Case to let transformation]
    branch use exprOkForSpeculation rather than exprIsHNF, so that
    it converts the absentError case to a let.

On the other hand if, by some bug or bizarre happenstance, we ever call
absentError, we should thow an exception.  This should never happen, of
course, but we definitely can't return anything.  e.g. if somehow we had
    case absentError "foo" of
       Nothing -> ...
       Just x  -> ...
then if we return, the case expression will select a field and continue.
Seg fault city. Better to throw an exception.  (Even though we've said
it is ConLike :-)
-}

aBSENT_ERROR_ID
 = mkVanillaGlobal absentErrorName absent_ty
 where
   absent_ty = mkSpecForAllTys [alphaTyVar] (mkFunTy addrPrimTy alphaTy)
   -- Not runtime-rep polymorphic. aBSENT_ERROR_ID is only used for
   -- lifted-type things; see Note [Absent errors] in WwLib

mkAbsentErrorApp :: Type         -- The type to instantiate 'a'
                 -> String       -- The string to print
                 -> CoreExpr

mkAbsentErrorApp res_ty err_msg
  = mkApps (Var aBSENT_ERROR_ID) [ Type res_ty, err_string ]
  where
    err_string = Lit (mkMachString err_msg)
