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1.95M
was included in previous Zion Oil & Gas filings. We
acknowledge that these new regulations are likely to increase the expenditures associated with obtaining new exploration rights and drilling
new wells. The Company expects that additional financial burdens could occur as a result of the Ministry requiring cash reserves that
could otherwise be used for operational purposes. Capital
Resources Highlights We
need to raise significant funds to finance the continued exploration efforts and maintain orderly operations. To date, we have funded
our operations through the issuance of our securities and convertible debt. We will need to continue to raise funds through the issuance
of equity and/or debt securities (or securities convertible into or exchangeable for equity securities). No assurance can be provided
that we will be successful in raising the needed capital on terms favorable to us (or at all). The
Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan On
March 13, 2014 Zion filed a registration statement on Form S-3 that is part of a replacement registration statement that was filed with
the SEC using a “shelf” registration process. The registration statement was declared effective by the SEC on March 31, 2014.
On February 23, 2017, the Company filed a Form S-3 with the SEC (Registration No. 333-216191) as a replacement for the Form S-3 (Registration
No. 333-193336), for which the three year period ended March 31, 2017, along with the base Prospectus and Supplemental Prospectus. The
Form S-3, as amended, and the new base Prospectus became effective on March 10, 2017, along with the Prospectus Supplement that was filed
and became effective on March 10, 2017. The Prospectus Supplement under Registration No. 333-216191 describes the terms of the DSPP and
replaces the prior Prospectus Supplement, as amended, under the prior Registration No. 333-193336. On
March 27, 2014, we launched our Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (the “DSPP”) pursuant to which stockholders
and interested investors can purchase shares of the Company’s Common Stock as well as units of the Company’s securities directly
from the Company. The terms of the DSPP are described in the Prospectus Supplement originally filed on March 31, 2014 (the “Original
Prospectus Supplement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under the Company’s effective registration
Statement on Form S-3, as thereafter amended. Please
see Footnote 3D (“Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (“DSPP”)), which is a part of this Form 10-Q filing,
for details about specific stock purchase and unit programs, dates, and filings during the years 2016 through 2023. For the three and six months
ended June 30, 2023, approximately $1,761,000, and $2,553,000 were raised under the DSPP program, respectively. The $2,553,000 figure
is net of $173,000 in equity issuance costs to an outside party. For
the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, approximately $1,566,000, and $12,993,000 were raised under the DSPP program, respectively. The
warrants balances at December 31, 2022 and transactions since January 1, 2023 are shown in the table be Warrants Exercise Price Warrant Termination Date Outstanding Balance, 12/31/2022 Warrants Issued Warrants Exercised Warrants Expired Outstanding Balance, 6/30/2023 ZNWAA $ 2.00 01/31/2024 1,498,804 - - - 1,498,804 ZNWAD $ 1.00 05/02/2023 243,853 - - (243,853 ) - ZNWAE $ 1.00 05/01/2023 2,144,099 - - (2,144,099 ) - ZNWAF $ 1.00 08/14/2023 359,435 - - - 359,435 ZNWAG $ 1.00 01/08/2024 240,068 - - - 240,068 ZNWAH $ 5.00 04/19/2023 372,400 - - (372,400 ) - ZNWAI $ 3.00 06/29/2023 640,710 - (100 ) (640,610 ) - ZNWAJ $ 1.00 10/29/2023 545,900 - - - 545,900 ZNWAK $ 0.01 02/25/2023 424,225 - (9,050 ) (415,175 ) - ZNWAL $ 2.00 08/26/2023 517,875 - - - 517,875 ZNWAM $ 0.05 09/06/2023 4,376,000 - - - 4,376,000 ZNWAN $ 1.00 05/16/2023 267,760 - (75 ) (267,685 ) - ZNWAO $ 0.25 06/12/2023 174,660 - - (174,660 ) - ZNWAQ $ 0.05 09/06/2023 23,428,348 - - - 23,428,348 ZNWAV $ 0.05 06/28/2023 - 288,500 (167,730 ) (120,770 ) - ZNWAW $ 0.05 07/13/2023 - 199,000 (124,500 ) - 74,500 ZNWAX $ 0.05 07/31/2023 - 818,500 (173,253 ) - 645,247 ZNWAY $ 0.05 09/10/2023 - 17,450 (1,650 ) - 15,800 Outstanding warrants 35,234,137 1,323,450 (476,358 ) (4,379,252 ) 31,701,977 37 Principal
Components of our Cost Structure Our
operating and other expenses primarily consist of the followin ● Impairment
of Unproved Oil and Gas Properti Impairment expense is recognized if a determination is made that a well will not be commercially
productive. The amounts include amounts paid in respect of the drilling operations as well as geological and geophysical costs and
various amounts that were paid to Israeli regulatory authorities. ● General
and Administrative Expens Overhead, including payroll and benefits for our corporate staff, costs of managing our exploratory
operations, audit and other professional fees, and legal compliance is included in general and administrative expenses. General and
administrative expenses also include non-cash stock-based compensation expense, investor relations related expenses, lease and insurance
and related expenses. ● Depreciation,
Depletion, Amortization and Accreti The systematic expensing of the capital costs incurred to explore for natural gas and oil
represents a principal component of our cost structure. As a full cost company, we capitalize all costs associated with our exploration,
and apportion these costs to each unit of production, if any, through depreciation, depletion and amortization expense. As we have
yet to have production, the costs of abandoned wells are written off immediately versus being included in this amortization pool. Going
Concern Basis Since
we have limited capital resources, no revenue to date and a loss from operations, our consolidated financial statements have been prepared
on a going concern basis, which contemplates realization of assets and liquidation of liabilities in the ordinary course of business.
The appropriateness of using the going concern basis is dependent upon our ability to obtain additional financing or equity capital and,
ultimately, to achieve profitable operations. Therefore, there is substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern
for one year from the date the financials were issued. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that
might result from the outcome of this uncertainty. The
Impact of COVID-19 During
March 2020, a global pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization related to the rapidly growing outbreak of a novel strain
of coronavirus (“COVID-19”). The pandemic significantly impacted the economic conditions in the United States and Israel,
as federal, state and local governments reacted to the public health crisis, creating significant uncertainties in the United States,
Israel and world economies. In the interest of public health and safety, jurisdictions (international, national, state and local) where
we have operations, restricted travel and required workforces to work from home. As of the date of this report, the Company adopted a
hybrid model whereby many of our employees are working from corporate office two to three days per week and then working remotely two
to three days per week. While there are various uncertainties to navigate, the Company’s business activities are continuing. The
full extent of COVID-19’s impact on our operations and financial performance depends on future developments that are uncertain
and unpredictable, including the duration and spread of the pandemic, its impact on capital and financial markets and any new information
that may emerge concerning the severity of the virus, its spread to other regions as well as the actions taken to contain it, among others. The
main area in which Zion has experienced COVID-19’s impact has been in supply chain and/or logistics. We work with several suppliers
worldwide for the procurement of oil and gas parts, inventory items and related labor for our ongoing operations for the MJ-02 well.
Production delays, factory shutdowns and heavy demand by oil and gas operators worldwide for spare parts has created some challenges
in obtaining these items in a timely fashion. Critical
Accounting Policies Management’s discussion
and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have
been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these consolidated
financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities
and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts
of revenues and expense during the reporting period. We
have identified the accounting principles which we believe are most critical to the reported financial status by considering accounting
policies that involve the most complex of subjective decisions or assessment. 38 Impairment
of Oil and Gas Properties We
follow the full-cost method of accounting for oil and gas properties. Accordingly, all costs associated with acquisition, exploration
and development of oil and gas reserves, including directly related overhead costs, are capitalized. All
capitalized costs of oil and gas properties, including the estimated future costs to develop proved reserves, are amortized on the unit-of-production
method using estimates of proved reserves. Investments in unproved properties and major development projects are not amortized until
proved reserves associated with the projects can be determined or until impairment occurs. If the results of an assessment indicate that
the properties are impaired, the amount of the impairment is included in income from continuing operations before income taxes, and the
adjusted carrying amount of the unproved properties is amortized on the unit-of-production method. Our
oil and gas properties represent an investment in unproved properties. These costs are excluded from the amortized cost pool until proved
reserves are found or until it is determined that the costs are impaired. All costs excluded are reviewed at least quarterly to determine
if impairment has occurred. The amount of any impairment is charged to expense since a reserve base has not yet been established. A further
impairment requiring a charge to expense may be indicated through evaluation of drilling results, relinquishing drilling rights or other
information. Abandonment
of properties is accounted for as adjustments to capitalized costs. The net capitalized costs are subject to a “ceiling test”
which limits such costs to the aggregate of the estimated present value of future net revenues from proved reserves discounted at ten
percent based on current economic and operating conditions, plus the lower of cost or fair market value of unproved properties. The recoverability
of amounts capitalized for oil and gas properties is dependent upon the identification of economically recoverable reserves, together
with obtaining the necessary financing to exploit such reserves and the achievement of profitable operations. During the three months ended
June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively, the Company recorded $48,000 and nil post-impairment charges. During
the six months ended June 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively, the Company recorded $93,000 and nil post-impairment charges. The
total net book value of our unproved oil and gas properties under the full cost method is $16,191,000 and $15,889,000 at June 30, 2023
and at December 31, 2022, respectively. Asset
Retirement Obligation We
record a liability for asset retirement obligation at fair value in the period in which it is incurred and a corresponding increase in
the carrying amount of the related long-lived assets. Fair
Value Considerations We
follow ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” as amended by Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Financial
Staff Position (FSP) No. 157 and related guidance. Those provisions relate to the Company’s financial assets and liabilities carried
at fair value and the fair value disclosures related to financial assets and liabilities. ASC 820 defines fair value, expands related