import warnings

from collections import OrderedDict
from optparse import make_option

from django.apps import apps
from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand, CommandError
from django.core import serializers
from django.db import router, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
from django.utils.deprecation import RemovedInDjango19Warning


class Command(BaseCommand):
    option_list = BaseCommand.option_list + (
        make_option('--format', default='json', dest='format',
            help='Specifies the output serialization format for fixtures.'),
        make_option('--indent', default=None, dest='indent', type='int',
            help='Specifies the indent level to use when pretty-printing output'),
        make_option('--database', action='store', dest='database',
            default=DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS,
            help='Nominates a specific database to dump fixtures from. '
                 'Defaults to the "default" database.'),
        make_option('-e', '--exclude', dest='exclude', action='append', default=[],
            help='An app_label or app_label.ModelName to exclude '
                 '(use multiple --exclude to exclude multiple apps/models).'),
        make_option('-n', '--natural', action='store_true', dest='use_natural_keys', default=False,
            help='Use natural keys if they are available (deprecated: use --natural-foreign instead).'),
        make_option('--natural-foreign', action='store_true', dest='use_natural_foreign_keys', default=False,
            help='Use natural foreign keys if they are available.'),
        make_option('--natural-primary', action='store_true', dest='use_natural_primary_keys', default=False,
            help='Use natural primary keys if they are available.'),
        make_option('-a', '--all', action='store_true', dest='use_base_manager', default=False,
            help="Use Django's base manager to dump all models stored in the database, "
                 "including those that would otherwise be filtered or modified by a custom manager."),
        make_option('--pks', dest='primary_keys',
            help="Only dump objects with given primary keys. "
                 "Accepts a comma separated list of keys. "
                 "This option will only work when you specify one model."),
        make_option('-o', '--output', default=None, dest='output',
            help='Specifies file to which the output is written.'),
    )
    help = ("Output the contents of the database as a fixture of the given "
            "format (using each model's default manager unless --all is "
            "specified).")
    args = '[app_label app_label.ModelName ...]'

    def handle(self, *app_labels, **options):
        format = options.get('format')
        indent = options.get('indent')
        using = options.get('database')
        excludes = options.get('exclude')
        output = options.get('output')
        show_traceback = options.get('traceback')
        use_natural_keys = options.get('use_natural_keys')
        if use_natural_keys:
            warnings.warn("``--natural`` is deprecated; use ``--natural-foreign`` instead.",
                RemovedInDjango19Warning)
        use_natural_foreign_keys = options.get('use_natural_foreign_keys') or use_natural_keys
        use_natural_primary_keys = options.get('use_natural_primary_keys')
        use_base_manager = options.get('use_base_manager')
        pks = options.get('primary_keys')

        if pks:
            primary_keys = pks.split(',')
        else:
            primary_keys = []

        excluded_apps = set()
        excluded_models = set()
        for exclude in excludes:
            if '.' in exclude:
                try:
                    model = apps.get_model(exclude)
                except LookupError:
                    raise CommandError('Unknown model in excludes: %s' % exclude)
                excluded_models.add(model)
            else:
                try:
                    app_config = apps.get_app_config(exclude)
                except LookupError:
                    raise CommandError('Unknown app in excludes: %s' % exclude)
                excluded_apps.add(app_config)

        if len(app_labels) == 0:
            if primary_keys:
                raise CommandError("You can only use --pks option with one model")
            app_list = OrderedDict((app_config, None)
                for app_config in apps.get_app_configs()
                if app_config.models_module is not None and app_config not in excluded_apps)
        else:
            if len(app_labels) > 1 and primary_keys:
                raise CommandError("You can only use --pks option with one model")
            app_list = OrderedDict()
            for label in app_labels:
                try:
                    app_label, model_label = label.split('.')
                    try:
                        app_config = apps.get_app_config(app_label)
                    except LookupError:
                        raise CommandError("Unknown application: %s" % app_label)
                    if app_config.models_module is None or app_config in excluded_apps:
                        continue
                    try:
                        model = app_config.get_model(model_label)
                    except LookupError:
                        raise CommandError("Unknown model: %s.%s" % (app_label, model_label))

                    app_list_value = app_list.setdefault(app_config, [])

                    # We may have previously seen a "all-models" request for
                    # this app (no model qualifier was given). In this case
                    # there is no need adding specific models to the list.
                    if app_list_value is not None:
                        if model not in app_list_value:
                            app_list_value.append(model)
                except ValueError:
                    if primary_keys:
                        raise CommandError("You can only use --pks option with one model")
                    # This is just an app - no model qualifier
                    app_label = label
                    try:
                        app_config = apps.get_app_config(app_label)
                    except LookupError:
                        raise CommandError("Unknown application: %s" % app_label)
                    if app_config.models_module is None or app_config in excluded_apps:
                        continue
                    app_list[app_config] = None

        # Check that the serialization format exists; this is a shortcut to
        # avoid collating all the objects and _then_ failing.
        if format not in serializers.get_public_serializer_formats():
            try:
                serializers.get_serializer(format)
            except serializers.SerializerDoesNotExist:
                pass

            raise CommandError("Unknown serialization format: %s" % format)

        def get_objects():
            # Collate the objects to be serialized.
            for model in sort_dependencies(app_list.items()):
                if model in excluded_models:
                    continue
                if not model._meta.proxy and router.allow_migrate(using, model):
                    if use_base_manager:
                        objects = model._base_manager
                    else:
                        objects = model._default_manager

                    queryset = objects.using(using).order_by(model._meta.pk.name)
                    if primary_keys:
                        queryset = queryset.filter(pk__in=primary_keys)
                    for obj in queryset.iterator():
                        yield obj

        try:
            self.stdout.ending = None
            serializers.serialize(format, get_objects(), indent=indent,
                    use_natural_foreign_keys=use_natural_foreign_keys,
                    use_natural_primary_keys=use_natural_primary_keys,
                    stream=open(output, 'w') if output else self.stdout)
        except Exception as e:
            if show_traceback:
                raise
            raise CommandError("Unable to serialize database: %s" % e)


def sort_dependencies(app_list):
    """Sort a list of (app_config, models) pairs into a single list of models.

    The single list of models is sorted so that any model with a natural key
    is serialized before a normal model, and any model with a natural key
    dependency has it's dependencies serialized first.
    """
    # Process the list of models, and get the list of dependencies
    model_dependencies = []
    models = set()
    for app_config, model_list in app_list:
        if model_list is None:
            model_list = app_config.get_models()

        for model in model_list:
            models.add(model)
            # Add any explicitly defined dependencies
            if hasattr(model, 'natural_key'):
                deps = getattr(model.natural_key, 'dependencies', [])
                if deps:
                    deps = [apps.get_model(dep) for dep in deps]
            else:
                deps = []

            # Now add a dependency for any FK relation with a model that
            # defines a natural key
            for field in model._meta.fields:
                if hasattr(field.rel, 'to'):
                    rel_model = field.rel.to
                    if hasattr(rel_model, 'natural_key') and rel_model != model:
                        deps.append(rel_model)
            # Also add a dependency for any simple M2M relation with a model
            # that defines a natural key.  M2M relations with explicit through
            # models don't count as dependencies.
            for field in model._meta.many_to_many:
                if field.rel.through._meta.auto_created:
                    rel_model = field.rel.to
                    if hasattr(rel_model, 'natural_key') and rel_model != model:
                        deps.append(rel_model)
            model_dependencies.append((model, deps))

    model_dependencies.reverse()
    # Now sort the models to ensure that dependencies are met. This
    # is done by repeatedly iterating over the input list of models.
    # If all the dependencies of a given model are in the final list,
    # that model is promoted to the end of the final list. This process
    # continues until the input list is empty, or we do a full iteration
    # over the input models without promoting a model to the final list.
    # If we do a full iteration without a promotion, that means there are
    # circular dependencies in the list.
    model_list = []
    while model_dependencies:
        skipped = []
        changed = False
        while model_dependencies:
            model, deps = model_dependencies.pop()

            # If all of the models in the dependency list are either already
            # on the final model list, or not on the original serialization list,
            # then we've found another model with all it's dependencies satisfied.
            found = True
            for candidate in ((d not in models or d in model_list) for d in deps):
                if not candidate:
                    found = False
            if found:
                model_list.append(model)
                changed = True
            else:
                skipped.append((model, deps))
        if not changed:
            raise CommandError("Can't resolve dependencies for %s in serialized app list." %
                ', '.join('%s.%s' % (model._meta.app_label, model._meta.object_name)
                for model, deps in sorted(skipped, key=lambda obj: obj[0].__name__))
            )
        model_dependencies = skipped

    return model_list
