#!/usr/bin/env python

"""
"**Pycco**" is a Python port of [Docco](http://jashkenas.github.com/docco/):
the original quick-and-dirty, hundred-line-long, literate-programming-style
documentation generator. It produces HTML that displays your comments
alongside your code. Comments are passed through
[Markdown](http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax) and
[SmartyPants](http://daringfireball.net/projects/smartypants), while code is
passed through [Pygments](http://pygments.org/) for syntax highlighting.
This page is the result of running Pycco against its own source file.

If you install Pycco, you can run it from the command-line:

    pycco src/*.py

This will generate linked HTML documentation for the named source files,
saving it into a `docs` folder by default.

The [source for Pycco](https://github.com/fitzgen/pycco) is available on GitHub,
and released under the MIT license.

To install Pycco, simply

    pip install pycco

Or, to install the latest source

    git clone git://github.com/fitzgen/pycco.git
    cd pycco
    python setup.py install
"""

# === Main Documentation Generation Functions ===

def generate_documentation(source, outdir=None, preserve_paths=True):
    """
    Generate the documentation for a source file by reading it in, splitting it
    up into comment/code sections, highlighting them for the appropriate
    language, and merging them into an HTML template.
    """

    if not outdir:
        raise TypeError("Missing the required 'outdir' keyword argument.")
    fh = open(source, "r")
    sections = parse(source, fh.read())
    highlight(source, sections, preserve_paths=preserve_paths, outdir=outdir)
    return generate_html(source, sections, preserve_paths=preserve_paths, outdir=outdir)

def parse(source, code):
    """
    Given a string of source code, parse out each comment and the code that
    follows it, and create an individual **section** for it.
    Sections take the form:

        { "docs_text": ...,
          "docs_html": ...,
          "code_text": ...,
          "code_html": ...,
          "num":       ...
        }
    """

    lines = code.split("\n")
    sections = []
    language = get_language(source)
    has_code = docs_text = code_text = examples_text = ""

    if lines[0].startswith("#!"):
        lines.pop(0)

    if language["name"] == "python":
        for linenum, line in enumerate(lines[:2]):
            if re.search(r'coding[:=]\s*([-\w.]+)', lines[linenum]):
                lines.pop(linenum)
                break


    def save(docs, code, examples):
        if docs or code or examples:
            sections.append({
                "docs_text": docs,
                "code_text": code,
                "examples_text": examples,
            })

    # Setup the variables to get ready to check for multiline comments
    multi_line = False
    multi_line_delimiters = [language.get("multistart"), language.get("multiend")]
    doctest = False

    for line in lines:

        # Only go into multiline comments section when one of the delimiters is
        # found to be at the start of a line
        if all(multi_line_delimiters) and any([line.lstrip().startswith(delim) for delim in multi_line_delimiters]):
            if not multi_line:
                multi_line = True

            else:
                multi_line = False
                doctest = False

            if (multi_line
               and line.strip().endswith(language.get("multiend"))
               and len(line.strip()) > len(language.get("multiend"))):
                multi_line = False

            # Get rid of the delimiters so that they aren't in the final docs
            line = line.replace(language["multistart"], '')
            line = line.replace(language["multiend"], '')
            docs_text += line.strip() + '\n'
            indent_level = re.match("\s*", line).group(0)

            if has_code and docs_text.strip():
                save(docs_text, code_text[:-1], examples_text)
                code_text = code_text.split('\n')[-1]
                has_code = docs_text = examples_text = ''

        elif multi_line:
            if doctest or line.strip().startswith(language.get("doctest")):
                # TODO: This assumes doctests will always be at the
                # end of a docstring and not intermingled with comments.
                # See http://www.doughellmann.com/PyMOTW/doctest/
                examples_text += line[len(indent_level):] + '\n'
                doctest = True
            else:
                # Check if a multi-line block ends with a multiend
                # *after* a line of text.
                if line.endswith(language["multiend"]):
                    multi_line = False
                    line = line.replace(language["multiend"], '')
                docs_text += line.strip() + '\n'

        elif re.match(language["comment_matcher"], line):
            if has_code:
                save(docs_text, code_text, examples_text)
                has_code = docs_text = code_text = examples_text = ''
            docs_text += re.sub(language["comment_matcher"], "", line) + "\n"

        else:
            if code_text and any([line.lstrip().startswith(x) for x in ['class ', 'def ', '@']]):
                if not code_text.lstrip().startswith("@"):
                    save(docs_text, code_text, examples_text)
                    code_text = has_code = docs_text = examples_text = ''

            has_code = True
            code_text += line + '\n'


    save(docs_text, code_text, examples_text)

    return sections

# === Preprocessing the comments ===

def preprocess(comment, section_nr, preserve_paths=True, outdir=None):
    """
    Add cross-references before having the text processed by markdown.  It's
    possible to reference another file, like this : `[[main.py]]` which renders
    [[main.py]]. You can also reference a specific section of another file, like
    this: `[[main.py#highlighting-the-source-code]]` which renders as
    [[main.py#highlighting-the-source-code]]. Sections have to be manually
    declared; they are written on a single line, and surrounded by equals signs:
    `=== like this ===`
    """

    if not outdir:
        raise TypeError("Missing the required 'outdir' keyword argument.")
    def sanitize_section_name(name):
        return "-".join(name.lower().strip().split(" "))

    def replace_crossref(match):
        # Check if the match contains an anchor
        if '#' in match.group(1):
            name, anchor = match.group(1).split('#')
            return " [%s](%s#%s)" % (name,
                                     path.basename(destination(name,
                                                               preserve_paths=preserve_paths,
                                                               outdir=outdir)),
                                     anchor)

        else:
            return " [%s](%s)" % (match.group(1),
                                  path.basename(destination(match.group(1),
                                                            preserve_paths=preserve_paths,
                                                            outdir=outdir)))

    def replace_section_name(match):
        return '%(lvl)s <span id="%(id)s" href="%(id)s">%(name)s</span>' % {
            "lvl"  : re.sub('=', '#', match.group(1)),
            "id"   : sanitize_section_name(match.group(2)),
            "name" : match.group(2)
        }

    def format_url(match):
        """
        Put url in markdown format.
        See: http://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/syntax#link
        """
        url = match.group(1)
        href = "http://" + url if not url.startswith("http") else url
        marked_down_url = "[{url}]({href})".format(url=url, href=href)
        return marked_down_url

    # Regex to match web urls from 
    # http://daringfireball.net/2010/07/improved_regex_for_matching_urls
    # TODO: Compile for efficiency
    url_regex = r"""(?i)\b((?:https?://|www\d{0,3}[.]|[a-z0-9.\-]+[.][a-z]{2,4}/)(?:[^\s()<>]+|\(([^\s()<>]+|(\([^\s()<>]+\)))*\))+(?:\(([^\s()<>]+|(\([^\s()<>]+\)))*\)|[^\s`!()\[\]{};:'".,<>]))"""
    comment = re.sub('^([=]+)([^=]+)[=]*\s*$', replace_section_name, comment)
    comment = re.sub('[^`]\[\[(.+)\]\]', replace_crossref, comment)
    comment = re.sub(url_regex, format_url, comment)
    comment = re.sub('\s(#)\s', '&num;', comment)
    
    return comment

# === Highlighting the source code ===

def highlight(source, sections, preserve_paths=True, outdir=None):
    """
    Highlights a single chunk of code using the **Pygments** module, and runs
    the text of its corresponding comment through **Markdown**.

    We process the entire file in a single call to Pygments by inserting little
    marker comments between each section and then splitting the result string
    wherever our markers occur.
    """

    if not outdir:
        raise TypeError("Missing the required 'outdir' keyword argument.")

    language = get_language(source)
    fragments_code = get_fragments(sections, "code_text", language)
    fragments_examples = get_fragments(sections, "examples_text", language)

    for i, section in enumerate(sections):
        section["code_html"] = highlight_start + shift(fragments_code, "") + highlight_end
        section["examples_html"] = highlight_start + shift(fragments_examples, "") + highlight_end
        try:
            docs_text = unicode(section["docs_text"])
        except UnicodeError:
            docs_text = unicode(section["docs_text"].decode('utf-8'))
        section["docs_html"] = markdown(preprocess(docs_text,
                                                   i,
                                                   preserve_paths=preserve_paths,
                                                   outdir=outdir))
        section["num"] = i

def get_fragments(sections, section_key, language):
    output = pygments.highlight(language["divider_text"].join(
        section[section_key].rstrip() for section in sections),
        language["lexer"],
        formatters.get_formatter_by_name("html"))

    output = output.replace(highlight_start, "").replace(highlight_end, "")
    fragments = re.split(language["divider_html"], output)
    return fragments

# === HTML Code generation ===

def generate_html(source, sections, preserve_paths=True, outdir=None):
    """
    Once all of the code is finished highlighting, we can generate the HTML file
    and write out the documentation. Pass the completed sections into the
    template found in `resources/pycco.html`.

    Pystache will attempt to recursively render context variables, so we must
    replace any occurences of `{{`, which is valid in some languages, with a
    "unique enough" identifier before rendering, and then post-process the
    rendered template and change the identifier back to `{{`.
    """

    if not outdir:
        raise TypeError("Missing the required 'outdir' keyword argument")
    title = path.basename(source)
    dest = destination(source, preserve_paths=preserve_paths, outdir=outdir)

    for sect in sections:
        sect["code_html"] = re.sub(r"\{\{", r"__DOUBLE_OPEN_STACHE__", sect["code_html"])

    # Determine if there are any examples at all
    has_examples = any(sect['examples_text'] is not '' for sect in sections)
    pycco_css = path.relpath(path.join(
        outdir, "pycco.css"), path.split(dest)[0])
    pycco3_css = path.relpath(path.join(
        outdir, "pycco3.css"), path.split(dest)[0])

    rendered = pycco_template({
        "title"         : title,
        "pycco_css"     : pycco_css,
        "pycco3_css"    : pycco3_css,
        "sections"      : sections,
        "source"        : source,
        "path"          : path,
        "destination"   : destination,
        "has_examples"  : has_examples
    })

    return re.sub(r"__DOUBLE_OPEN_STACHE__", "{{", rendered).encode("utf-8")

# === Helpers & Setup ===

# This module contains all of our static resources.
import pycco_resources

# Import our external dependencies.
import optparse
import os
import pygments
import pystache
import re
import sys
import time
from markdown import markdown
from os import path
from pygments import lexers, formatters

# A list of the languages that Pycco supports, mapping the file extension to
# the name of the Pygments lexer and the symbol that indicates a comment. To
# add another language to Pycco's repertoire, add it here.
languages = {
    ".coffee": { "name": "coffee-script", "symbol": "#" },

    ".pl":  { "name": "perl", "symbol": "#" },

    ".sql": { "name": "sql", "symbol": "--" },

    ".c":   { "name": "c", "symbol": "//"},

    ".cpp": { "name": "cpp", "symbol": "//"},

    ".js": { "name": "javascript", "symbol": "//",
        "multistart": "/*", "multiend": "*/"},

    ".rb": { "name": "ruby", "symbol": "#",
        "multistart": "=begin", "multiend": "=end"},

    ".py": { "name": "python", "symbol": "#",
        "multistart": '"""', "multiend": '"""',
        "doctest": ">>>"},

    ".scm": { "name": "scheme", "symbol": ";;",
        "multistart": "#|", "multiend": "|#"},

    ".lua": { "name": "lua", "symbol": "--",
        "multistart": "--[[", "multiend": "--]]"},

    ".erl": { "name": "erlang", "symbol": "%%" },
}

# Build out the appropriate matchers and delimiters for each language.
for ext, l in languages.items():
    # Does the line begin with a comment?
    l["comment_matcher"] = re.compile(r"^\s*" + l["symbol"] + "\s?")

    # The dividing token we feed into Pygments, to delimit the boundaries between
    # sections.
    l["divider_text"] = "\n" + l["symbol"] + "DIVIDER\n"

    # The mirror of `divider_text` that we expect Pygments to return. We can split
    # on this to recover the original sections.
    l["divider_html"] = re.compile(r'\n*<span class="c[1]?">' + l["symbol"] + 'DIVIDER</span>\n*')

    # Get the Pygments Lexer for this language.
    l["lexer"] = lexers.get_lexer_by_name(l["name"])

def get_language(source):
    """Get the current language we're documenting, based on the extension."""

    try:
        return languages[ source[source.rindex("."):] ]
    except KeyError:
        source = open(source, "r")
        code = source.read()
        source.close()
        lang = lexers.guess_lexer(code).name.lower()
        for l in languages.values():
            if l["name"] == lang:
                return l
        else:
            raise ValueError("Can't figure out the language!")

def destination(filepath, preserve_paths=True, outdir=None):
    """
    Compute the destination HTML path for an input source file path. If the
    source is `lib/example.py`, the HTML will be at `docs/example.html`
    """

    if not outdir:
        raise TypeError("Missing the required 'outdir' keyword argument.")
    try:
        name = re.sub(r"\.[^.]*$", "", filepath)
    except ValueError:
        name = filepath
    if not preserve_paths:
        name = path.basename(name)
    return path.join(outdir, "%s.html" % name)

def shift(list, default):
    """
    Shift items off the front of the `list` until it is empty, then return
    `default`.
    """

    try:
        return list.pop(0)
    except IndexError:
        return default

def ensure_directory(directory):
    """Ensure that the destination directory exists."""

    if not os.path.isdir(directory):
        os.makedirs(directory)

def template(source):
    return lambda context: pystache.render(source, context)

# Create the template that we will use to generate the Pycco HTML page.
pycco_template = template(pycco_resources.html)

# The CSS styles we'd like to apply to the documentation.
pycco_styles = pycco_resources.pycco_css
pycco3_styles = pycco_resources.pycco3_css


# The start of each Pygments highlight block.
highlight_start = "<div class=\"highlight\"><pre>"

# The end of each Pygments highlight block.
highlight_end = "</pre></div>"

def process(sources, preserve_paths=True, outdir=None):
    """For each source file passed as argument, generate the documentation."""

    if not outdir:
        raise TypeError("Missing the required 'outdir' keyword argument.")

    # Make a copy of sources given on the command line. `main()` needs the
    # original list when monitoring for changed files.
    sources = sorted(sources)

    # Proceed to generating the documentation.
    if sources:
        ensure_directory(outdir)
        with open(path.join(outdir, "pycco.css"), "w") as css:
            css.write(pycco_styles)
        with open(path.join(outdir, "pycco3.css"), "w") as css:
            css.write(pycco3_styles)

        def next_file():
            s = sources.pop(0)
            dest = destination(s, preserve_paths=preserve_paths, outdir=outdir)

            try:
                os.makedirs(path.split(dest)[0])
            except OSError:
                pass

            with open(destination(s, preserve_paths=preserve_paths, outdir=outdir), "w") as f:
                f.write(generate_documentation(s, preserve_paths=preserve_paths, outdir=outdir))

            print "pycco = %s -> %s" % (s, dest)

            if sources:
                next_file()
        next_file()

__all__ = ("process", "generate_documentation")


def monitor(sources, opts):
    """Monitor each source file and re-generate documentation on change."""

    # The watchdog modules are imported in `main()` but we need to re-import
    # here to bring them into the local namespace.
    import watchdog.events
    import watchdog.observers

    # Watchdog operates on absolute paths, so map those to original paths
    # as specified on the command line.
    absolute_sources = dict((os.path.abspath(source), source)
                            for source in sources)

    class RegenerateHandler(watchdog.events.FileSystemEventHandler):
        """A handler for recompiling files which triggered watchdog events"""
        def on_modified(self, event):
            """Regenerate documentation for a file which triggered an event"""
            # Re-generate documentation from a source file if it was listed on
            # the command line. Watchdog monitors whole directories, so other
            # files may cause notifications as well.
            if event.src_path in absolute_sources:
                process([absolute_sources[event.src_path]],
                        outdir=opts.outdir,
                        preserve_paths=opts.paths)

    # Set up an observer which monitors all directories for files given on
    # the command line and notifies the handler defined above.
    event_handler = RegenerateHandler()
    observer = watchdog.observers.Observer()
    directories = set(os.path.split(source)[0] for source in sources)
    for directory in directories:
        observer.schedule(event_handler, path=directory)

    # Run the file change monitoring loop until the user hits Ctrl-C.
    observer.start()
    try:
        while True:
            time.sleep(1)
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        observer.stop()
        observer.join()


def main():
    """Hook spot for the console script."""

    parser = optparse.OptionParser()
    parser.add_option('-p', '--paths', action='store_true',
                      help='Preserve path structure of original files')

    parser.add_option('-d', '--directory', action='store', type='string',
                      dest='outdir', default='docs',
                      help='The output directory that the rendered files should go to.')

    parser.add_option('-w', '--watch', action='store_true',
                      help='Watch original files and re-generate documentation on changes')
    opts, sources = parser.parse_args()

    process(sources, outdir=opts.outdir, preserve_paths=opts.paths)

    # If the -w / --watch option was present, monitor the source directories
    # for changes and re-generate documentation for source files whenever they
    # are modified.
    if opts.watch:
        try:
            import watchdog.events
            import watchdog.observers
        except ImportError:
            sys.exit('The -w/--watch option requires the watchdog package.')

        monitor(sources, opts)

# Run the script.
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()
