#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
--- Day 9: Stream Processing ---

A large stream blocks your path. According to the locals, it's not safe to cross the stream at the moment because it's full of garbage. You look down at the stream; rather than water, you discover that it's a stream of characters.

You sit for a while and record part of the stream (your puzzle input). The characters represent groups - sequences that begin with { and end with }. Within a group, there are zero or more other things, separated by commas: either another group or garbage. Since groups can contain other groups, a } only closes the most-recently-opened unclosed group - that is, they are nestable. Your puzzle input represents a single, large group which itself contains many smaller ones.

Sometimes, instead of a group, you will find garbage. Garbage begins with < and ends with >. Between those angle brackets, almost any character can appear, including { and }. Within garbage, < has no special meaning.

In a futile attempt to clean up the garbage, some program has canceled some of the characters within it using !: inside garbage, any character that comes after ! should be ignored, including <, >, and even another !.

You don't see any characters that deviate from these rules. Outside garbage, you only find well-formed groups, and garbage always terminates according to the rules above.

Here are some self-contained pieces of garbage:

    <>, empty garbage.
    <random characters>, garbage containing random characters.
    <<<<>, because the extra < are ignored.
    <{!>}>, because the first > is canceled.
    <!!>, because the second ! is canceled, allowing the > to terminate the garbage.
    <!!!>>, because the second ! and the first > are canceled.
    <{o"i!a,<{i<a>, which ends at the first >.

Here are some examples of whole streams and the number of groups they contain:

    {}, 1 group.
    {{{}}}, 3 groups.
    {{},{}}, also 3 groups.
    {{{},{},{{}}}}, 6 groups.
    {<{},{},{{}}>}, 1 group (which itself contains garbage).
    {<a>,<a>,<a>,<a>}, 1 group.
    {{<a>},{<a>},{<a>},{<a>}}, 5 groups.
    {{<!>},{<!>},{<!>},{<a>}}, 2 groups (since all but the last > are canceled).

Your goal is to find the total score for all groups in your input. Each group is assigned a score which is one more than the score of the group that immediately contains it. (The outermost group gets a score of 1.)

    {}, score of 1.
    {{{}}}, score of 1 + 2 + 3 = 6.
    {{},{}}, score of 1 + 2 + 2 = 5.
    {{{},{},{{}}}}, score of 1 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 4 = 16.
    {<a>,<a>,<a>,<a>}, score of 1.
    {{<ab>},{<ab>},{<ab>},{<ab>}}, score of 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 9.
    {{<!!>},{<!!>},{<!!>},{<!!>}}, score of 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 9.
    {{<a!>},{<a!>},{<a!>},{<ab>}}, score of 1 + 2 = 3.

What is the total score for all groups in your input?

--- Part Two ---

Now, you're ready to remove the garbage.

To prove you've removed it, you need to count all of the characters within the garbage. The leading and trailing < and > don't count, nor do any canceled characters or the ! doing the canceling.

    <>, 0 characters.
    <random characters>, 17 characters.
    <<<<>, 3 characters.
    <{!>}>, 2 characters.
    <!!>, 0 characters.
    <!!!>>, 0 characters.
    <{o"i!a,<{i<a>, 10 characters.

How many non-canceled characters are within the garbage in your puzzle input?

"""
from __future__ import print_function
import os

def solve(data, flag=False):
    total_score = 0
    garbage_chars = 0
    curr_group_score = 0
    iterdata = iter(data)

    for character in iterdata:
        if character == '<':
            discard = next(iterdata)
            while discard != '>':
                garbage_chars += 1
                if discard == '!':
                    discard = next(iterdata)
                    garbage_chars -= 1
                discard = next(iterdata)
        elif character == '!':
            next(iterdata)
        elif character == '{':
            curr_group_score += 1
        elif character == '}':
            total_score += curr_group_score
            curr_group_score -= 1

    if flag:
        return garbage_chars
    else:
        return total_score


if __name__ == '__main__':
    this_dir = os.path.dirname(__file__)
    with open(os.path.join(this_dir, 'day9.input')) as f:
        data = f.read().strip()
    print('The total score from groups is', solve(data, False))
    print('There are', solve(data, True), 'non-canceled garbage characters.')
