﻿/***************************
 * Commands and Operators.
 **************************/

var CharCmds = {}, LatexCmds = {}; //single character commands, LaTeX commands

var scale, // = function(jQ, x, y) { ... }
//will use a CSS 2D transform to scale the jQuery-wrapped HTML elements,
//or the filter matrix transform fallback for IE 5.5-8, or gracefully degrade to
//increasing the fontSize to match the vertical Y scaling factor.

//ideas from http://github.com/louisremi/jquery.transform.js
//see also http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms533014(v=vs.85).aspx

  forceIERedraw = noop,
  div = document.createElement('div'),
  div_style = div.style,
  transformPropNames = {
      transform: 1,
      WebkitTransform: 1,
      MozTransform: 1,
      OTransform: 1,
      msTransform: 1
  },
  transformPropName;

for (var prop in transformPropNames) {
    if (prop in div_style) {
        transformPropName = prop;
        break;
    }
}

if (transformPropName) {
    scale = function (jQ, x, y) {
        jQ.css(transformPropName, 'scale(' + x + ',' + y + ')');
    };
}
else if ('filter' in div_style) { //IE 6, 7, & 8 fallback, see https://github.com/laughinghan/mathquill/wiki/Transforms
    forceIERedraw = function (el) { el.className = el.className; };
    scale = function (jQ, x, y) { //NOTE: assumes y > x
        x /= (1 + (y - 1) / 2);
        jQ.css('fontSize', y + 'em');
        if (!jQ.hasClass('matrixed-container')) {
            jQ.addClass('matrixed-container')
            .wrapInner('<span class="matrixed"></span>');
        }
        var innerjQ = jQ.children()
        .css('filter', 'progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft'
            + '.Matrix(M11=' + x + ",SizingMethod='auto expand')"
        );
        function calculateMarginRight() {
            jQ.css('marginRight', (innerjQ.width() - 1) * (x - 1) / x + 'px');
        }
        calculateMarginRight();
        var intervalId = setInterval(calculateMarginRight);
        $(window).load(function () {
            clearTimeout(intervalId);
            calculateMarginRight();
        });
    };
}
else {
    scale = function (jQ, x, y) {
        jQ.css('fontSize', y + 'em');
    };
}

var Style = P(MathCommand, function (_, _super) {
    _.init = function (ctrlSeq, tagName, attrs) {
        _super.init.call(this, ctrlSeq, '<' + tagName + ' ' + attrs + '>&0</' + tagName + '>');
    };
});

//fonts
LatexCmds.mathrm = bind(Style, '\\mathrm', 'span', 'class="roman font"');
LatexCmds.mathit = bind(Style, '\\mathit', 'i', 'class="font"');
LatexCmds.mathbf = bind(Style, '\\mathbf', 'b', 'class="font"');
LatexCmds.mathsf = bind(Style, '\\mathsf', 'span', 'class="sans-serif font"');
LatexCmds.mathtt = bind(Style, '\\mathtt', 'span', 'class="monospace font"');
//text-decoration
LatexCmds.underline = bind(Style, '\\underline', 'span', 'class="non-leaf underline"');
LatexCmds.overline = LatexCmds.bar = bind(Style, '\\overline', 'span', 'class="non-leaf overline"');

var SupSub = P(MathCommand, function (_, _super) {
    _.init = function (ctrlSeq, tag, text) {
        _super.init.call(this, ctrlSeq, '<' + tag + ' class="non-leaf">&0</' + tag + '>', [text]);
    };
    _.finalizeTree = function () {
        //TODO: use inheritance
        pray('SupSub is only _ and ^',
          this.ctrlSeq === '^' || this.ctrlSeq === '_'
        );

        if (this.ctrlSeq === '_') {
            this.down = this.ends[L];
            this.ends[L].up = insLeftOfMeUnlessAtEnd;
        }
        else {
            this.up = this.ends[L];
            this.ends[L].down = insLeftOfMeUnlessAtEnd;
        }
        function insLeftOfMeUnlessAtEnd(cursor) {
            // cursor.insLeftOf(cmd), unless cursor at the end of block, and every
            // ancestor cmd is at the end of every ancestor block
            var cmd = this.parent, ancestorCmd = cursor;
            do {
                if (ancestorCmd[R]) {
                    cursor.insLeftOf(cmd);
                    return false;
                }
                ancestorCmd = ancestorCmd.parent.parent;
            } while (ancestorCmd !== cmd);
            cursor.insRightOf(cmd);
            return false;
        }
    };
    _.latex = function () {
        var latex = this.ends[L].latex();
        if (latex.length === 1)
            return this.ctrlSeq + latex;
        else
            return this.ctrlSeq + '{' + (latex || ' ') + '}';
    };
    _.redraw = function () {
        if (this[L])
            this[L].respace();
        //SupSub::respace recursively calls respace on all the following SupSubs
        //so if leftward is a SupSub, no need to call respace on this or following nodes
        if (!(this[L] instanceof SupSub)) {
            this.respace();
            //and if rightward is a SupSub, then this.respace() will have already called
            //this[R].respace()
            if (this[R] && !(this[R] instanceof SupSub))
                this[R].respace();
        }
    };
    _.respace = function () {
        if (
          this[L].ctrlSeq === '\\int ' || (
            this[L] instanceof SupSub && this[L].ctrlSeq != this.ctrlSeq
            && this[L][L] && this[L][L].ctrlSeq === '\\int '
          )
        ) {
            if (!this.limit) {
                this.limit = true;
                this.jQ.addClass('limit');
            }
        }
        else {
            if (this.limit) {
                this.limit = false;
                this.jQ.removeClass('limit');
            }
        }

        this.respaced = this[L] instanceof SupSub && this[L].ctrlSeq != this.ctrlSeq && !this[L].respaced;
        if (this.respaced) {
            var fontSize = +this.jQ.css('fontSize').slice(0, -2),
              leftWidth = this[L].jQ.outerWidth(),
              thisWidth = this.jQ.outerWidth();
            this.jQ.css({
                left: (this.limit && this.ctrlSeq === '_' ? -.25 : 0) - leftWidth / fontSize + 'em',
                marginRight: .1 - min(thisWidth, leftWidth) / fontSize + 'em'
                //1px extra so it doesn't wrap in retarded browsers (Firefox 2, I think)
            });
        }
        else if (this.limit && this.ctrlSeq === '_') {
            this.jQ.css({
                left: '-.25em',
                marginRight: ''
            });
        }
        else {
            this.jQ.css({
                left: '',
                marginRight: ''
            });
        }

        if (this[R] instanceof SupSub)
            this[R].respace();

        return this;
    };
});

LatexCmds.subscript =
LatexCmds._ = bind(SupSub, '_', 'sub', '_');

LatexCmds.superscript =
LatexCmds.supscript =
LatexCmds['^'] = bind(SupSub, '^', 'sup', '**');

var Fraction =
LatexCmds.frac =
LatexCmds.dfrac =
LatexCmds.cfrac =
LatexCmds.fraction = P(MathCommand, function (_, _super) {
    _.ctrlSeq = '\\frac';
    _.htmlTemplate =
        '<span class="fraction non-leaf">'
      + '<span class="numerator">&0</span>'
      + '<span class="denominator">&1</span>'
      + '<span style="display:inline-block;width:0">&nbsp;</span>'
      + '</span>'
    ;
    _.textTemplate = ['(', '/', ')'];
    _.finalizeTree = function () {
        this.up = this.ends[R].up = this.ends[L];
        this.down = this.ends[L].down = this.ends[R];
    };
});

var LiveFraction =
LatexCmds.over =
CharCmds['/'] = P(Fraction, function (_, _super) {
    _.createLeftOf = function (cursor) {
        if (!this.replacedFragment) {
            var leftward = cursor[L];
            while (leftward &&
              !(
                leftward instanceof BinaryOperator ||
                leftward instanceof TextBlock ||
                leftward instanceof BigSymbol ||
                /^[,;:]$/.test(leftward.ctrlSeq)
              ) //lookbehind for operator
            )
                leftward = leftward[L];

            if (leftward instanceof BigSymbol && leftward[R] instanceof SupSub) {
                leftward = leftward[R];
                if (leftward[R] instanceof SupSub && leftward[R].ctrlSeq != leftward.ctrlSeq)
                    leftward = leftward[R];
            }

            if (leftward !== cursor[L]) {
                this.replaces(MathFragment(leftward[R] || cursor.parent.ends[L], cursor[L]));
                cursor[L] = leftward;
            }
        }
        _super.createLeftOf.call(this, cursor);
    };
});

var SquareRoot =
LatexCmds.sqrt =
LatexCmds['√'] = P(MathCommand, function (_, _super) {
    _.ctrlSeq = '\\sqrt';
    _.htmlTemplate =
        '<span class="non-leaf">'
      + '<span class="scaled sqrt-prefix">&radic;</span>'
      + '<span class="non-leaf sqrt-stem">&0</span>'
      + '</span>'
    ;
    _.textTemplate = ['sqrt(', ')'];
    _.parser = function () {
        return latexMathParser.optBlock.then(function (optBlock) {
            return latexMathParser.block.map(function (block) {
                var nthroot = NthRoot();
                nthroot.blocks = [optBlock, block];
                optBlock.adopt(nthroot, 0, 0);
                block.adopt(nthroot, optBlock, 0);
                return nthroot;
            });
        }).or(_super.parser.call(this));
    };
    _.redraw = function () {
        var block = this.ends[R].jQ;
        scale(block.prev(), 1, block.innerHeight() / +block.css('fontSize').slice(0, -2) - .1);
    };
});

var Vec = LatexCmds.vec = P(MathCommand, function (_, _super) {
    _.ctrlSeq = '\\vec';
    _.htmlTemplate =
        '<span class="non-leaf">'
      + '<span class="vector-prefix">&rarr;</span>'
      + '<span class="vector-stem">&0</span>'
      + '</span>'
    ;
    _.textTemplate = ['vec(', ')'];
});

var Hat =
LatexCmds.hat =
LatexCmds['hat'] = P(MathCommand, function (_, _super) {
    _.ctrlSeq = '\\hat';
    _.htmlTemplate =
        '<span class="non-leaf">'
      + '<span class="hat-prefix">&#94;</span>'
      + '<span class="vector-stem">&0</span>'
      + '</span>'
    ;
    _.textTemplate = ['hat{', '}'];
});

var WideHat =
LatexCmds.widehat =
LatexCmds['widehat'] = P(MathCommand, function (_, _super) {
    _.ctrlSeq = '\\widehat';
    _.htmlTemplate =
        '<span class="non-leaf">'
      + '<span class="widehat-prefix">&#94;</span>'
      + '<span class="vector-stem">&0</span>'
      + '</span>'
    ;
    _.textTemplate = ['widehat{', '}'];
});

var Tilde =
LatexCmds.tilde =
LatexCmds['tilde'] = P(MathCommand, function (_, _super) {
    _.ctrlSeq = '\\tilde';
    _.htmlTemplate =
        '<span class="non-leaf">'
      + '<span class="tilde-prefix">&#126;</span>'
      + '<span class="vector-stem">&0</span>'
      + '</span>'
    ;
    _.textTemplate = ['tilde{', '}'];
});

var WideTilde =
LatexCmds.widetilde =
LatexCmds['widetilde'] = P(MathCommand, function (_, _super) {
    _.ctrlSeq = '\\widetilde';
    _.htmlTemplate =
        '<span class="non-leaf">'
      + '<span class="widetilde-prefix">&#126;</span>'
      + '<span class="vector-stem">&0</span>'
      + '</span>'
    ;
    _.textTemplate = ['widetilde{', '}'];
});


// Color command
var Color = LatexCmds['color'] = P(MathCommand, function (_, _super) {
    this.color = 'red'
    _.ctrlSeq = '\\color';
    _.htmlTemplate =
      '<span class="non-leaf" style="color:red">'
      + '<span>&0</span>'
      + '</span>'
    ;
    _.latex = function () {
        var children = this.foldChildren([], function (latex, child) {
            latex.push(child.latex());
            return latex;
        });
        var string = '\\color{' + this.color + '}{';
        for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
            string += children[i];
        }
        string += '}';
        return string;
    };
    _.parser = function () { return Parser.succeed(this); };
});


// Pointer to the setSize() function in order to make it more easily accessible outside the closure
var MatrixSize = null;
var Matrix =
LatexCmds.matrix = P(MathCommand, function (_, _super) {
    _.ctrlSeq = '\\matrix';
    _.htmlTemplate =
      '<table class="mtable non-leaf">'
      + '<tr class="mtr non-leaf">'
      + '<td class="mtd"><span>a</span></td>'
      + '<td class="mtd"><span>b</span></td>'
      + '</tr>'
      + '<tr class="mtr non-leaf">'
      + '<td class="mtd"><span>c</span></td>'
      + '<td class="mtd"><span>d</span></td>'
      + '</tr>'
      + '</table>'
    ;
    _.latex = function () {
        var children = this.foldChildren([], function (latex, child) {
            latex.push(child.latex());
            return latex;
        });
        var string = '\\begin{matrix}';
        for (var i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
            if (i % _.columns == 0 && i != 0) {
                string += '\\\\';
            }
            string += children[i];
            // Don't append an ampersand at the end of the row
            if ((i + 1) % _.columns != 0) {
                string += '&';
            }
        }
        string += '\\end{matrix}';
        return string;
    };
    _.text = function () {
        return '[' + this.foldChildren([], function (text, child) {
            text.push(child.text());
            return text;
        }).join() + ']';
    };
    _.setSize = MatrixSize = function (rows, columns) {
        _.columns = columns;
        var matrix = '<table class="mtable non-leaf">';
        var count = 0;
        for (var row = 0; row < rows; row++) {
            matrix += '<tr class="mtr non-leaf">';
            for (var col = 0; col < columns; col++) {
                matrix += '<td class="mtd"><span>&' + count + '</span></td>';
                count++;
            }
            matrix += '</tr>';
        }
        matrix += '</table>';
        _.htmlTemplate = matrix;
    };
    _.parser = function () { return Parser.succeed(this); };
});

var NthRoot =
LatexCmds.nthroot = P(SquareRoot, function (_, _super) {
    _.htmlTemplate =
        '<sup class="nthroot non-leaf">&0</sup>'
      + '<span class="scaled">'
      + '<span class="sqrt-prefix scaled">&radic;</span>'
      + '<span class="sqrt-stem non-leaf">&1</span>'
      + '</span>'
    ;
    _.textTemplate = ['sqrt[', '](', ')'];
    _.latex = function () {
        return '\\sqrt[' + this.ends[L].latex() + ']{' + this.ends[R].latex() + '}';
    };
});

 //Round/Square/Curly/Angle Brackets (aka Parens/Brackets/Braces)
var Bracket = P(MathCommand, function (_, _super) {
    _.init = function (open, close, ctrlSeq, end) {
        var htmlTemp =             
            '<span class="non-leaf">'
          + '<span class="scaled paren">' + open + '</span>'
          + '<span class="non-leaf">&0</span>'
          + '<span class="scaled paren">' + close + '</span>'
          + '</span>';
        _super.init.call(this, '\\left' + ctrlSeq, htmlTemp,[open, close]);
        this.end = '\\right' + end;
    };
    _.jQadd = function () {
        _super.jQadd.apply(this, arguments);
        var jQ = this.jQ;
        this.bracketjQs = jQ.children(':first').add(jQ.children(':last'));
    };
    _.latex = function () {
        return this.ctrlSeq + this.ends[L].latex() + this.end;
    };
    _.redraw = function () {
        var blockjQ = this.ends[L].jQ;

        var height = blockjQ.outerHeight() / +blockjQ.css('fontSize').slice(0, -2);

        scale(this.bracketjQs, min(1 + .2 * (height - 1), 1.2), 1.05 * height);
    };
});

LatexCmds.left = P(MathCommand, function (_) {
    _.parser = function () {
        var regex = Parser.regex;
        var string = Parser.string;
        var succeed = Parser.succeed;
        var optWhitespace = Parser.optWhitespace;

        return optWhitespace.then(regex(/^(?:[([|]|\\\{)/))
          .then(function (open) {
              if (open.charAt(0) === '\\') open = open.slice(1);

              var cmd = CharCmds[open]();

              return latexMathParser
                .map(function (block) {
                    cmd.blocks = [block];
                    block.adopt(cmd, 0, 0);
                })
                .then(string('\\right'))
                .skip(optWhitespace)
                .then(regex(/^(?:[\])|]|\\\})/))
                .then(function (close) {
                    if (close.slice(-1) !== cmd.end.slice(-1)) {
                        return Parser.fail('open doesn\'t match close');
                    }

                    return succeed(cmd);
                })
              ;
          })
        ;
    };
});

LatexCmds.right = P(MathCommand, function (_) {
    _.parser = function () {
        return Parser.fail('unmatched \\right');
    };
});

LatexCmds.lbrace =
CharCmds['{'] = bind(Bracket, '{', '}', '\\{', '\\}');
//CharCmds['{'] = bind(Bracket, '{', '}', '\\{', '\\}');
LatexCmds.langle =
LatexCmds.lang = bind(Bracket, '&lang;', '&rang;', '\\langle ', '\\rangle ');
LatexCmds.lceil = bind(Bracket, '&#x2308;','&#x2309;','\\lceil ','\\rceil ');
LatexCmds.lfloor = bind(Bracket, '&#x230A;','&#x230B;','\\lceil ','\\rceil ');

// Closing bracket matching opening bracket above
var CloseBracket = P(Bracket, function (_, _super) {
    _.createLeftOf = function (cursor) {
        // if I'm at the end of my parent who is a matching open-paren,
        // and I am not replacing a selection fragment, don't create me,
        // just put cursor after my parent
        if (!cursor[R] && cursor.parent.parent && cursor.parent.parent.end === this.end && !this.replacedFragment)
            cursor.insRightOf(cursor.parent.parent);
        else
            _super.createLeftOf.call(this, cursor);
    };
    _.placeCursor = function (cursor) {
        this.ends[L].blur();
        cursor.insRightOf(this);
    };
});

LatexCmds.rbrace =
CharCmds['}'] = bind(CloseBracket, '{', '}', '\\{', '\\}');
LatexCmds.rangle =
LatexCmds.rang = bind(CloseBracket, '&lang;', '&rang;', '\\langle ', '\\rangle ');
LatexCmds.rceil = bind(Bracket, '&#x2308;','&#x2309;','\\lceil ','\\rceil ');
LatexCmds.rfloor = bind(Bracket, '&#x230A;','&#x230B;','\\lceil ','\\rceil ');

var parenMixin = function (_, _super) {
    _.init = function (open, close) {
        _super.init.call(this, open, close, open, close);
    };
};

var Paren = P(Bracket, parenMixin);

LatexCmds.lparen =
CharCmds['('] = bind(Paren, '(', ')');
LatexCmds.lbrack =
LatexCmds.lbracket =
CharCmds['['] = bind(Paren, '[', ']');

var CloseParen = P(CloseBracket, parenMixin);

LatexCmds.rparen =
CharCmds[')'] = bind(CloseParen, '(', ')');
LatexCmds.rbrack =
LatexCmds.rbracket =
CharCmds[']'] = bind(CloseParen, '[', ']');

var Pipes =
LatexCmds.lpipe =
//LatexCmds.rpipe =
CharCmds['|'] = bind(CloseParen, '\|','\|');
/*var Pipes =
LatexCmds.lpipe =
LatexCmds.rpipe =
CharCmds['|'] = P(Paren, function (_, _super) {
    _.init = function () {
        _super.init.call(this, '|', '|');
    };

    _.createLeftOf = CloseBracket.prototype.createLeftOf;
});*/

var TextBlock =
CharCmds.$ =
LatexCmds.text =
LatexCmds.textnormal =
LatexCmds.textrm =
LatexCmds.textup =
LatexCmds.textmd = P(MathCommand, function (_, _super) {
    _.ctrlSeq = '\\text';
    _.htmlTemplate = '<span class="text">&0</span>';
    _.replaces = function (replacedText) {
        if (replacedText instanceof MathFragment)
            this.replacedText = replacedText.remove().jQ.text();
        else if (typeof replacedText === 'string')
            this.replacedText = replacedText;
    };
    _.textTemplate = ['"', '"'];
    _.parser = function () {
        var self = this;

        // TODO: correctly parse text mode
        var string = Parser.string;
        var regex = Parser.regex;
        var optWhitespace = Parser.optWhitespace;
        return optWhitespace
          .then(string('{')).then(regex(/^[^}]*/)).skip(string('}'))
          .map(function (text) {
              self.createBlocks();
              var block = self.ends[L];
              for (var i = 0; i < text.length; i += 1) {
                  var ch = VanillaSymbol(text.charAt(i));
                  ch.adopt(block, block.ends[R], 0);
              }
              return self;
          })
        ;
    };
    _.createBlocks = function () {
        //FIXME: another possible Law of Demeter violation, but this seems much cleaner, like it was supposed to be done this way
        this.ends[L] =
        this.ends[R] =
          InnerTextBlock();

        this.blocks = [this.ends[L]];

        this.ends[L].parent = this;
    };
    _.finalizeInsert = function () {
        //FIXME HACK blur removes the TextBlock
        this.ends[L].blur = function () { delete this.blur; return this; };
        _super.finalizeInsert.call(this);
    };
    _.createLeftOf = function (cursor) {
        _super.createLeftOf.call(this, this.cursor = cursor);

        if (this.replacedText)
            for (var i = 0; i < this.replacedText.length; i += 1)
                this.ends[L].write(cursor, this.replacedText.charAt(i));
    };
});

var InnerTextBlock = P(MathBlock, function (_, _super) {
    _.onKey = function (key, e) {
        if (key === 'Spacebar' || key === 'Shift-Spacebar') return false;
    };
    // backspace and delete at ends of block don't unwrap
    _.deleteOutOf = function (dir, cursor) {
        if (this.isEmpty()) cursor.insRightOf(this.parent);
    };
    _.write = function (cursor, ch, replacedFragment) {
        if (replacedFragment) replacedFragment.remove();

        if (ch !== '$') {
            var html;
            if (ch === '<') html = '&lt;';
            else if (ch === '>') html = '&gt;';
            VanillaSymbol(ch, html).createLeftOf(cursor);
        }
        else if (this.isEmpty()) {
            cursor.insRightOf(this.parent).backspace();
            VanillaSymbol('\\$', '$').createLeftOf(cursor);
        }
        else if (!cursor[R])
            cursor.insRightOf(this.parent);
        else if (!cursor[L])
            cursor.insLeftOf(this.parent);
        else { //split apart
            var rightward = TextBlock();
            rightward.replaces(MathFragment(cursor[R], this.ends[R]));

            cursor.insRightOf(this.parent);

            // FIXME HACK: pretend no prev so they don't get merged when
            // .createLeftOf() calls blur on the InnerTextBlock
            rightward.adopt = function () {
                delete this.adopt;
                this.adopt.apply(this, arguments);
                this[L] = 0;
            };
            rightward.createLeftOf(cursor);
            rightward[L] = this.parent;

            cursor.insLeftOf(rightward);
        }
        return false;
    };
    _.blur = function () {
        this.jQ.removeClass('hasCursor');
        if (this.isEmpty()) {
            var textblock = this.parent, cursor = textblock.cursor;
            if (cursor.parent === this)
                this.jQ.addClass('empty');
            else {
                cursor.hide();
                textblock.remove();
                if (cursor[R] === textblock)
                    cursor[R] = textblock[R];
                else if (cursor[L] === textblock)
                    cursor[L] = textblock[L];

                cursor.show().parent.bubble('redraw');
            }
        }
        return this;
    };
    _.focus = function () {
        _super.focus.call(this);

        var textblock = this.parent;
        if (textblock[R].ctrlSeq === textblock.ctrlSeq) { //TODO: seems like there should be a better way to move MathElements around
            var innerblock = this,
              cursor = textblock.cursor,
              rightward = textblock[R].ends[L];

            rightward.eachChild(function (child) {
                child.parent = innerblock;
                child.jQ.appendTo(innerblock.jQ);
            });

            if (this.ends[R])
                this.ends[R][R] = rightward.ends[L];
            else
                this.ends[L] = rightward.ends[L];

            rightward.ends[L][L] = this.ends[R];
            this.ends[R] = rightward.ends[R];

            rightward.parent.remove();

            if (cursor[L])
                cursor.insRightOf(cursor[L]);
            else
                cursor.insAtLeftEnd(this);

            cursor.parent.bubble('redraw');
        }
        else if (textblock[L].ctrlSeq === textblock.ctrlSeq) {
            var cursor = textblock.cursor;
            if (cursor[L])
                textblock[L].ends[L].focus();
            else
                cursor.insAtRightEnd(textblock[L].ends[L]);
        }
        return this;
    };
});


function makeTextBlock(latex, tagName, attrs) {
    return P(TextBlock, {
        ctrlSeq: latex,
        htmlTemplate: '<' + tagName + ' ' + attrs + '>&0</' + tagName + '>'
    });
}

LatexCmds.em = LatexCmds.italic = LatexCmds.italics =
LatexCmds.emph = LatexCmds.textit = LatexCmds.textsl =
  makeTextBlock('\\textit', 'i', 'class="text"');
LatexCmds.strong = LatexCmds.bold = LatexCmds.textbf =
  makeTextBlock('\\textbf', 'b', 'class="text"');
LatexCmds.sf = LatexCmds.textsf =
  makeTextBlock('\\textsf', 'span', 'class="sans-serif text"');
LatexCmds.tt = LatexCmds.texttt =
  makeTextBlock('\\texttt', 'span', 'class="monospace text"');
LatexCmds.textsc =
  makeTextBlock('\\textsc', 'span', 'style="font-variant:small-caps" class="text"');
LatexCmds.uppercase =
  makeTextBlock('\\uppercase', 'span', 'style="text-transform:uppercase" class="text"');
LatexCmds.lowercase =
  makeTextBlock('\\lowercase', 'span', 'style="text-transform:lowercase" class="text"');

// input box to type a variety of LaTeX commands beginning with a backslash
var LatexCommandInput =
CharCmds['\\'] = P(MathCommand, function (_, _super) {
    _.ctrlSeq = '\\';
    _.replaces = function (replacedFragment) {
        this._replacedFragment = replacedFragment.disown();
        this.isEmpty = function () { return false; };
    };
    _.htmlTemplate = '<span class="latex-command-input non-leaf">\\<span>&0</span></span>';
    _.textTemplate = ['\\'];
    _.createBlocks = function () {
        _super.createBlocks.call(this);
        this.ends[L].focus = function () {
            this.parent.jQ.addClass('hasCursor');
            if (this.isEmpty())
                this.parent.jQ.removeClass('empty');

            return this;
        };
        this.ends[L].blur = function () {
            this.parent.jQ.removeClass('hasCursor');
            if (this.isEmpty())
                this.parent.jQ.addClass('empty');

            return this;
        };
    };
    _.createLeftOf = function (cursor) {
        _super.createLeftOf.call(this, cursor);

        this.cursor = cursor.insAtRightEnd(this.ends[L]);
        if (this._replacedFragment) {
            var el = this.jQ[0];
            this.jQ =
              this._replacedFragment.jQ.addClass('blur').bind(
                'mousedown mousemove', //FIXME: is monkey-patching the mousedown and mousemove handlers the right way to do this?
                function (e) {
                    $(e.target = el).trigger(e);
                    return false;
                }
              ).insertBefore(this.jQ).add(this.jQ);
        }

        this.ends[L].write = function (cursor, ch, replacedFragment) {
            if (replacedFragment) replacedFragment.remove();

            if (ch.match(/[a-z]/i)) VanillaSymbol(ch).createLeftOf(cursor);
            else {
                this.parent.renderCommand();
                if (ch !== '\\' || !this.isEmpty()) this.parent.parent.write(cursor, ch);
            }
        };
    };
    _.latex = function () {
        return '\\' + this.ends[L].latex() + ' ';
    };
    _.onKey = function (key, e) {
        if (key === 'Tab' || key === 'Enter' || key === 'Spacebar') {
            this.renderCommand();
            e.preventDefault();
            return false;
        }
    };
    _.renderCommand = function () {
        this.jQ = this.jQ.last();
        this.remove();
        if (this[R]) {
            this.cursor.insLeftOf(this[R]);
        } else {
            this.cursor.insAtRightEnd(this.parent);
        }

        var latex = this.ends[L].latex(), cmd;
        if (!latex) latex = 'backslash';
        this.cursor.insertCmd(latex, this._replacedFragment);
    };
});

var Binomial =
LatexCmds.binom =
LatexCmds.binomial = P(MathCommand, function (_, _super) {
    _.ctrlSeq = '\\binom';
    _.htmlTemplate =
        '<span class="paren scaled">(</span>'
      + '<span class="non-leaf">'
      + '<span class="array non-leaf">'
      + '<span>&0</span>'
      + '<span>&1</span>'
      + '</span>'
      + '</span>'
      + '<span class="paren scaled">)</span>'
    ;
    _.textTemplate = ['choose(', ',', ')'];
    _.redraw = function () {
        var blockjQ = this.jQ.eq(1);

        var height = blockjQ.outerHeight() / +blockjQ.css('fontSize').slice(0, -2);

        var parens = this.jQ.filter('.paren');
        scale(parens, min(1 + .2 * (height - 1), 1.2), 1.05 * height);
    };
});

// Blank command for invalid LaTeX, simply renders nothing on the screen instead of making the
// whole equation crash
var Blank = null;
var Blank =
LatexCmds.blank = P(MathCommand, function (_, _super) {
    _.htmlTemplate = '';
});

var Choose =
LatexCmds.choose = P(Binomial, function (_) {
    _.createLeftOf = LiveFraction.prototype.createLeftOf;
});

var Vector =
LatexCmds.vector = P(MathCommand, function (_, _super) {
    _.ctrlSeq = '\\vector';
    _.htmlTemplate = '<span class="array"><span>&0</span></span>';
    _.latex = function () {
        return '\\begin{matrix}' + this.foldChildren([], function (latex, child) {
            latex.push(child.latex());
            return latex;
        }).join('\\\\') + '\\end{matrix}';
    };
    _.text = function () {
        return '[' + this.foldChildren([], function (text, child) {
            text.push(child.text());
            return text;
        }).join() + ']';
    };
    _.createLeftOf = function (cursor) {
        _super.createLeftOf.call(this, this.cursor = cursor);
    };
    _.onKey = function (key, e) {
        var currentBlock = this.cursor.parent;

        if (currentBlock.parent === this) {
            if (key === 'Enter') { //enter
                var newBlock = MathBlock();
                newBlock.parent = this;
                newBlock.jQ = $('<span></span>')
                  .attr(mqBlockId, newBlock.id)
                  .insertAfter(currentBlock.jQ);
                if (currentBlock[R])
                    currentBlock[R][L] = newBlock;
                else
                    this.ends[R] = newBlock;

                newBlock[R] = currentBlock[R];
                currentBlock[R] = newBlock;
                newBlock[L] = currentBlock;
                this.bubble('redraw').cursor.insAtRightEnd(newBlock);

                e.preventDefault();
                return false;
            }
            else if (key === 'Tab' && !currentBlock[R]) {
                if (currentBlock.isEmpty()) {
                    if (currentBlock[L]) {
                        this.cursor.insRightOf(this);
                        delete currentBlock[L][R];
                        this.ends[R] = currentBlock[L];
                        currentBlock.jQ.remove();
                        this.bubble('redraw');

                        e.preventDefault();
                        return false;
                    }
                    else
                        return;
                }

                var newBlock = MathBlock();
                newBlock.parent = this;
                newBlock.jQ = $('<span></span>').attr(mqBlockId, newBlock.id).appendTo(this.jQ);
                this.ends[R] = newBlock;
                currentBlock[R] = newBlock;
                newBlock[L] = currentBlock;
                this.bubble('redraw').cursor.insAtRightEnd(newBlock);

                e.preventDefault();
                return false;
            }
            else if (e.which === 8) { //backspace
                if (currentBlock.isEmpty()) {
                    if (currentBlock[L]) {
                        this.cursor.insAtRightEnd(currentBlock[L])
                        currentBlock[L][R] = currentBlock[R];
                    }
                    else {
                        this.cursor.insLeftOf(this);
                        this.ends[L] = currentBlock[R];
                    }

                    if (currentBlock[R])
                        currentBlock[R][L] = currentBlock[L];
                    else
                        this.ends[R] = currentBlock[L];

                    currentBlock.jQ.remove();
                    if (this.isEmpty())
                        this.cursor.deleteForward();
                    else
                        this.bubble('redraw');

                    e.preventDefault();
                    return false;
                }
                else if (!this.cursor[L]) {
                    e.preventDefault();
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
    };
});

LatexCmds.editable = P(RootMathCommand, function (_, _super) {
    _.init = function () {
        MathCommand.prototype.init.call(this, '\\editable');
    };

    _.jQadd = function () {
        var self = this;
        // FIXME: this entire method is a giant hack to get around
        // having to call createBlocks, and createRoot expecting to
        // render the contents' LaTeX. Both need to be refactored.
        _super.jQadd.apply(self, arguments);
        var block = self.ends[L].disown();
        var blockjQ = self.jQ.children().detach();

        self.ends[L] =
        self.ends[R] =
          RootMathBlock();

        self.blocks = [self.ends[L]];

        self.ends[L].parent = self;

        createRoot(self.jQ, self.ends[L], false, true);
        self.cursor = self.ends[L].cursor;

        block.children().adopt(self.ends[L], 0, 0);
        blockjQ.appendTo(self.ends[L].jQ);

        self.ends[L].cursor.insAtRightEnd(self.ends[L]);
    };

    _.latex = function () { return this.ends[L].latex(); };
    _.text = function () { return this.ends[L].text(); };
});