module.exports = function (angular){
  /**
   * State-based routing for AngularJS
   * @version v0.2.11
   * @link http://angular-ui.github.com/
   * @license MIT License, http://www.opensource.org/licenses/MIT
   */

  /* commonjs package manager support (eg componentjs) */
  if (typeof module !== "undefined" && typeof exports !== "undefined" && module.exports === exports){
    module.exports = "ui.router";
  }

  (function (window, angular, undefined) {
  /*jshint globalstrict:true*/
  /*global angular:false*/
  "use strict";

  var isDefined = angular.isDefined,
      isFunction = angular.isFunction,
      isString = angular.isString,
      isObject = angular.isObject,
      isArray = angular.isArray,
      forEach = angular.forEach,
      extend = angular.extend,
      copy = angular.copy;

  function inherit(parent, extra) {
    return extend(new (extend(function() {}, { prototype: parent }))(), extra);
  }

  function merge(dst) {
    forEach(arguments, function(obj) {
      if (obj !== dst) {
        forEach(obj, function(value, key) {
          if (!dst.hasOwnProperty(key)) dst[key] = value;
        });
      }
    });
    return dst;
  }

  /**
   * Finds the common ancestor path between two states.
   *
   * @param {Object} first The first state.
   * @param {Object} second The second state.
   * @return {Array} Returns an array of state names in descending order, not including the root.
   */
  function ancestors(first, second) {
    var path = [];

    for (var n in first.path) {
      if (first.path[n] !== second.path[n]) break;
      path.push(first.path[n]);
    }
    return path;
  }

  /**
   * IE8-safe wrapper for `Object.keys()`.
   *
   * @param {Object} object A JavaScript object.
   * @return {Array} Returns the keys of the object as an array.
   */
  function objectKeys(object) {
    if (Object.keys) {
      return Object.keys(object);
    }
    var result = [];

    angular.forEach(object, function(val, key) {
      result.push(key);
    });
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * IE8-safe wrapper for `Array.prototype.indexOf()`.
   *
   * @param {Array} array A JavaScript array.
   * @param {*} value A value to search the array for.
   * @return {Number} Returns the array index value of `value`, or `-1` if not present.
   */
  function arraySearch(array, value) {
    if (Array.prototype.indexOf) {
      return array.indexOf(value, Number(arguments[2]) || 0);
    }
    var len = array.length >>> 0, from = Number(arguments[2]) || 0;
    from = (from < 0) ? Math.ceil(from) : Math.floor(from);

    if (from < 0) from += len;

    for (; from < len; from++) {
      if (from in array && array[from] === value) return from;
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * Merges a set of parameters with all parameters inherited between the common parents of the
   * current state and a given destination state.
   *
   * @param {Object} currentParams The value of the current state parameters ($stateParams).
   * @param {Object} newParams The set of parameters which will be composited with inherited params.
   * @param {Object} $current Internal definition of object representing the current state.
   * @param {Object} $to Internal definition of object representing state to transition to.
   */
  function inheritParams(currentParams, newParams, $current, $to) {
    var parents = ancestors($current, $to), parentParams, inherited = {}, inheritList = [];

    for (var i in parents) {
      if (!parents[i].params) continue;
      parentParams = objectKeys(parents[i].params);
      if (!parentParams.length) continue;

      for (var j in parentParams) {
        if (arraySearch(inheritList, parentParams[j]) >= 0) continue;
        inheritList.push(parentParams[j]);
        inherited[parentParams[j]] = currentParams[parentParams[j]];
      }
    }
    return extend({}, inherited, newParams);
  }

  /**
   * Performs a non-strict comparison of the subset of two objects, defined by a list of keys.
   *
   * @param {Object} a The first object.
   * @param {Object} b The second object.
   * @param {Array} keys The list of keys within each object to compare. If the list is empty or not specified,
   *                     it defaults to the list of keys in `a`.
   * @return {Boolean} Returns `true` if the keys match, otherwise `false`.
   */
  function equalForKeys(a, b, keys) {
    if (!keys) {
      keys = [];
      for (var n in a) keys.push(n); // Used instead of Object.keys() for IE8 compatibility
    }

    for (var i=0; i<keys.length; i++) {
      var k = keys[i];
      if (a[k] != b[k]) return false; // Not "===", values aren"t necessarily normalized
    }
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the subset of an object, based on a list of keys.
   *
   * @param {Array} keys
   * @param {Object} values
   * @return {Boolean} Returns a subset of `values`.
   */
  function filterByKeys(keys, values) {
    var filtered = {};

    forEach(keys, function (name) {
      filtered[name] = values[name];
    });
    return filtered;
  }
  /**
   * @ngdoc overview
   * @name ui.router.util
   *
   * @description
   * # ui.router.util sub-module
   *
   * This module is a dependency of other sub-modules. Do not include this module as a dependency
   * in your angular app (use {@link ui.router} module instead).
   *
   */
  angular.module("ui.router.util", ["ng"]);

  /**
   * @ngdoc overview
   * @name ui.router.router
   *
   * @requires ui.router.util
   *
   * @description
   * # ui.router.router sub-module
   *
   * This module is a dependency of other sub-modules. Do not include this module as a dependency
   * in your angular app (use {@link ui.router} module instead).
   */
  angular.module("ui.router.router", ["ui.router.util"]);

  /**
   * @ngdoc overview
   * @name ui.router.state
   *
   * @requires ui.router.router
   * @requires ui.router.util
   *
   * @description
   * # ui.router.state sub-module
   *
   * This module is a dependency of the main ui.router module. Do not include this module as a dependency
   * in your angular app (use {@link ui.router} module instead).
   *
   */
  angular.module("ui.router.state", ["ui.router.router", "ui.router.util"]);

  /**
   * @ngdoc overview
   * @name ui.router
   *
   * @requires ui.router.state
   *
   * @description
   * # ui.router
   *
   * ## The main module for ui.router
   * There are several sub-modules included with the ui.router module, however only this module is needed
   * as a dependency within your angular app. The other modules are for organization purposes.
   *
   * The modules are:
   * * ui.router - the main "umbrella" module
   * * ui.router.router -
   *
   * *You"ll need to include **only** this module as the dependency within your angular app.*
   *
   * <pre>
   * <!doctype html>
   * <html ng-app="myApp">
   * <head>
   *   <script src="js/angular.js"></script>
   *   <!-- Include the ui-router script -->
   *   <script src="js/angular-ui-router.min.js"></script>
   *   <script>
   *     // ...and add "ui.router" as a dependency
   *     var myApp = angular.module("myApp", ["ui.router"]);
   *   </script>
   * </head>
   * <body>
   * </body>
   * </html>
   * </pre>
   */
  angular.module("ui.router", ["ui.router.state"]);

  angular.module("ui.router.compat", ["ui.router"]);

  /**
   * @ngdoc object
   * @name ui.router.util.$resolve
   *
   * @requires $q
   * @requires $injector
   *
   * @description
   * Manages resolution of (acyclic) graphs of promises.
   */
  $Resolve.$inject = ["$q", "$injector"];
  function $Resolve(  $q,    $injector) {

    var VISIT_IN_PROGRESS = 1,
        VISIT_DONE = 2,
        NOTHING = {},
        NO_DEPENDENCIES = [],
        NO_LOCALS = NOTHING,
        NO_PARENT = extend($q.when(NOTHING), { $$promises: NOTHING, $$values: NOTHING });


    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.util.$resolve#study
     * @methodOf ui.router.util.$resolve
     *
     * @description
     * Studies a set of invocables that are likely to be used multiple times.
     * <pre>
     * $resolve.study(invocables)(locals, parent, self)
     * </pre>
     * is equivalent to
     * <pre>
     * $resolve.resolve(invocables, locals, parent, self)
     * </pre>
     * but the former is more efficient (in fact `resolve` just calls `study`
     * internally).
     *
     * @param {object} invocables Invocable objects
     * @return {function} a function to pass in locals, parent and self
     */
    this.study = function (invocables) {
      if (!isObject(invocables)) throw new Error("'invocables' must be an object");

      // Perform a topological sort of invocables to build an ordered plan
      var plan = [], cycle = [], visited = {};
      function visit(value, key) {
        if (visited[key] === VISIT_DONE) return;

        cycle.push(key);
        if (visited[key] === VISIT_IN_PROGRESS) {
          cycle.splice(0, cycle.indexOf(key));
          throw new Error("Cyclic dependency: " + cycle.join(" -> "));
        }
        visited[key] = VISIT_IN_PROGRESS;

        if (isString(value)) {
          plan.push(key, [ function() { return $injector.get(value); }], NO_DEPENDENCIES);
        } else {
          var params = $injector.annotate(value);
          forEach(params, function (param) {
            if (param !== key && invocables.hasOwnProperty(param)) visit(invocables[param], param);
          });
          plan.push(key, value, params);
        }

        cycle.pop();
        visited[key] = VISIT_DONE;
      }
      forEach(invocables, visit);
      invocables = cycle = visited = null; // plan is all that"s required

      function isResolve(value) {
        return isObject(value) && value.then && value.$$promises;
      }

      return function (locals, parent, self) {
        if (isResolve(locals) && self === undefined) {
          self = parent; parent = locals; locals = null;
        }
        if (!locals) locals = NO_LOCALS;
        else if (!isObject(locals)) {
          throw new Error("'locals' must be an object");
        }
        if (!parent) parent = NO_PARENT;
        else if (!isResolve(parent)) {
          throw new Error("'parent' must be a promise returned by $resolve.resolve()");
        }

        // To complete the overall resolution, we have to wait for the parent
        // promise and for the promise for each invokable in our plan.
        var resolution = $q.defer(),
            result = resolution.promise,
            promises = result.$$promises = {},
            values = extend({}, locals),
            wait = 1 + plan.length/3,
            merged = false;

        function done() {
          // Merge parent values we haven"t got yet and publish our own $$values
          if (!--wait) {
            if (!merged) merge(values, parent.$$values);
            result.$$values = values;
            result.$$promises = true; // keep for isResolve()
            delete result.$$inheritedValues;
            resolution.resolve(values);
          }
        }

        function fail(reason) {
          result.$$failure = reason;
          resolution.reject(reason);
        }

        // Short-circuit if parent has already failed
        if (isDefined(parent.$$failure)) {
          fail(parent.$$failure);
          return result;
        }

        if (parent.$$inheritedValues) {
          merge(values, parent.$$inheritedValues);
        }

        // Merge parent values if the parent has already resolved, or merge
        // parent promises and wait if the parent resolve is still in progress.
        if (parent.$$values) {
          merged = merge(values, parent.$$values);
          result.$$inheritedValues = parent.$$values;
          done();
        } else {
          if (parent.$$inheritedValues) {
            result.$$inheritedValues = parent.$$inheritedValues;
          }
          extend(promises, parent.$$promises);
          parent.then(done, fail);
        }

        // Process each invocable in the plan, but ignore any where a local of the same name exists.
        for (var i=0, ii=plan.length; i<ii; i+=3) {
          if (locals.hasOwnProperty(plan[i])) done();
          else invoke(plan[i], plan[i+1], plan[i+2]);
        }

        function invoke(key, invocable, params) {
          // Create a deferred for this invocation. Failures will propagate to the resolution as well.
          var invocation = $q.defer(), waitParams = 0;
          function onfailure(reason) {
            invocation.reject(reason);
            fail(reason);
          }
          // Wait for any parameter that we have a promise for (either from parent or from this
          // resolve; in that case study() will have made sure it"s ordered before us in the plan).
          forEach(params, function (dep) {
            if (promises.hasOwnProperty(dep) && !locals.hasOwnProperty(dep)) {
              waitParams++;
              promises[dep].then(function (result) {
                values[dep] = result;
                if (!(--waitParams)) proceed();
              }, onfailure);
            }
          });
          if (!waitParams) proceed();
          function proceed() {
            if (isDefined(result.$$failure)) return;
            try {
              invocation.resolve($injector.invoke(invocable, self, values));
              invocation.promise.then(function (result) {
                values[key] = result;
                done();
              }, onfailure);
            } catch (e) {
              onfailure(e);
            }
          }
          // Publish promise synchronously; invocations further down in the plan may depend on it.
          promises[key] = invocation.promise;
        }

        return result;
      };
    };

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.util.$resolve#resolve
     * @methodOf ui.router.util.$resolve
     *
     * @description
     * Resolves a set of invocables. An invocable is a function to be invoked via
     * `$injector.invoke()`, and can have an arbitrary number of dependencies.
     * An invocable can either return a value directly,
     * or a `$q` promise. If a promise is returned it will be resolved and the
     * resulting value will be used instead. Dependencies of invocables are resolved
     * (in this order of precedence)
     *
     * - from the specified `locals`
     * - from another invocable that is part of this `$resolve` call
     * - from an invocable that is inherited from a `parent` call to `$resolve`
     *   (or recursively
     * - from any ancestor `$resolve` of that parent).
     *
     * The return value of `$resolve` is a promise for an object that contains
     * (in this order of precedence)
     *
     * - any `locals` (if specified)
     * - the resolved return values of all injectables
     * - any values inherited from a `parent` call to `$resolve` (if specified)
     *
     * The promise will resolve after the `parent` promise (if any) and all promises
     * returned by injectables have been resolved. If any invocable
     * (or `$injector.invoke`) throws an exception, or if a promise returned by an
     * invocable is rejected, the `$resolve` promise is immediately rejected with the
     * same error. A rejection of a `parent` promise (if specified) will likewise be
     * propagated immediately. Once the `$resolve` promise has been rejected, no
     * further invocables will be called.
     *
     * Cyclic dependencies between invocables are not permitted and will caues `$resolve`
     * to throw an error. As a special case, an injectable can depend on a parameter
     * with the same name as the injectable, which will be fulfilled from the `parent`
     * injectable of the same name. This allows inherited values to be decorated.
     * Note that in this case any other injectable in the same `$resolve` with the same
     * dependency would see the decorated value, not the inherited value.
     *
     * Note that missing dependencies -- unlike cyclic dependencies -- will cause an
     * (asynchronous) rejection of the `$resolve` promise rather than a (synchronous)
     * exception.
     *
     * Invocables are invoked eagerly as soon as all dependencies are available.
     * This is true even for dependencies inherited from a `parent` call to `$resolve`.
     *
     * As a special case, an invocable can be a string, in which case it is taken to
     * be a service name to be passed to `$injector.get()`. This is supported primarily
     * for backwards-compatibility with the `resolve` property of `$routeProvider`
     * routes.
     *
     * @param {object} invocables functions to invoke or
     * `$injector` services to fetch.
     * @param {object} locals  values to make available to the injectables
     * @param {object} parent  a promise returned by another call to `$resolve`.
     * @param {object} self  the `this` for the invoked methods
     * @return {object} Promise for an object that contains the resolved return value
     * of all invocables, as well as any inherited and local values.
     */
    this.resolve = function (invocables, locals, parent, self) {
      return this.study(invocables)(locals, parent, self);
    };
  }

  angular.module("ui.router.util").service("$resolve", $Resolve);


  /**
   * @ngdoc object
   * @name ui.router.util.$templateFactory
   *
   * @requires $http
   * @requires $templateCache
   * @requires $injector
   *
   * @description
   * Service. Manages loading of templates.
   */
  $TemplateFactory.$inject = ["$http", "$templateCache", "$injector"];
  function $TemplateFactory(  $http,   $templateCache,   $injector) {

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromConfig
     * @methodOf ui.router.util.$templateFactory
     *
     * @description
     * Creates a template from a configuration object.
     *
     * @param {object} config Configuration object for which to load a template.
     * The following properties are search in the specified order, and the first one
     * that is defined is used to create the template:
     *
     * @param {string|object} config.template html string template or function to
     * load via {@link ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromString fromString}.
     * @param {string|object} config.templateUrl url to load or a function returning
     * the url to load via {@link ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromUrl fromUrl}.
     * @param {Function} config.templateProvider function to invoke via
     * {@link ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromProvider fromProvider}.
     * @param {object} params  Parameters to pass to the template function.
     * @param {object} locals Locals to pass to `invoke` if the template is loaded
     * via a `templateProvider`. Defaults to `{ params: params }`.
     *
     * @return {string|object}  The template html as a string, or a promise for
     * that string,or `null` if no template is configured.
     */
    this.fromConfig = function (config, params, locals) {
      return (
        isDefined(config.template) ? this.fromString(config.template, params) :
        isDefined(config.templateUrl) ? this.fromUrl(config.templateUrl, params) :
        isDefined(config.templateProvider) ? this.fromProvider(config.templateProvider, params, locals) :
        null
      );
    };

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromString
     * @methodOf ui.router.util.$templateFactory
     *
     * @description
     * Creates a template from a string or a function returning a string.
     *
     * @param {string|object} template html template as a string or function that
     * returns an html template as a string.
     * @param {object} params Parameters to pass to the template function.
     *
     * @return {string|object} The template html as a string, or a promise for that
     * string.
     */
    this.fromString = function (template, params) {
      return isFunction(template) ? template(params) : template;
    };

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromUrl
     * @methodOf ui.router.util.$templateFactory
     *
     * @description
     * Loads a template from the a URL via `$http` and `$templateCache`.
     *
     * @param {string|Function} url url of the template to load, or a function
     * that returns a url.
     * @param {Object} params Parameters to pass to the url function.
     * @return {string|Promise.<string>} The template html as a string, or a promise
     * for that string.
     */
    this.fromUrl = function (url, params) {
      if (isFunction(url)) url = url(params);
      if (url == null) return null;
      else return $http
          .get(url, { cache: $templateCache })
          .then(function(response) { return response.data; });
    };

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromProvider
     * @methodOf ui.router.util.$templateFactory
     *
     * @description
     * Creates a template by invoking an injectable provider function.
     *
     * @param {Function} provider Function to invoke via `$injector.invoke`
     * @param {Object} params Parameters for the template.
     * @param {Object} locals Locals to pass to `invoke`. Defaults to
     * `{ params: params }`.
     * @return {string|Promise.<string>} The template html as a string, or a promise
     * for that string.
     */
    this.fromProvider = function (provider, params, locals) {
      return $injector.invoke(provider, null, locals || { params: params });
    };
  }

  angular.module("ui.router.util").service("$templateFactory", $TemplateFactory);

  /**
   * @ngdoc object
   * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
   *
   * @description
   * Matches URLs against patterns and extracts named parameters from the path or the search
   * part of the URL. A URL pattern consists of a path pattern, optionally followed by "?" and a list
   * of search parameters. Multiple search parameter names are separated by "&". Search parameters
   * do not influence whether or not a URL is matched, but their values are passed through into
   * the matched parameters returned by {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#methods_exec exec}.
   *
   * Path parameter placeholders can be specified using simple colon/catch-all syntax or curly brace
   * syntax, which optionally allows a regular expression for the parameter to be specified:
   *
   * * `":"` name - colon placeholder
   * * `"*"` name - catch-all placeholder
   * * `"{" name "}"` - curly placeholder
   * * `"{" name ":" regexp "}"` - curly placeholder with regexp. Should the regexp itself contain
   *   curly braces, they must be in matched pairs or escaped with a backslash.
   *
   * Parameter names may contain only word characters (latin letters, digits, and underscore) and
   * must be unique within the pattern (across both path and search parameters). For colon
   * placeholders or curly placeholders without an explicit regexp, a path parameter matches any
   * number of characters other than "/". For catch-all placeholders the path parameter matches
   * any number of characters.
   *
   * Examples:
   *
   * * `"/hello/"` - Matches only if the path is exactly "/hello/". There is no special treatment for
   *   trailing slashes, and patterns have to match the entire path, not just a prefix.
   * * `"/user/:id"` - Matches "/user/bob" or "/user/1234!!!" or even "/user/" but not "/user" or
   *   "/user/bob/details". The second path segment will be captured as the parameter "id".
   * * `"/user/{id}"` - Same as the previous example, but using curly brace syntax.
   * * `"/user/{id:[^/]*}"` - Same as the previous example.
   * * `"/user/{id:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,8}}"` - Similar to the previous example, but only matches if the id
   *   parameter consists of 1 to 8 hex digits.
   * * `"/files/{path:.*}"` - Matches any URL starting with "/files/" and captures the rest of the
   *   path into the parameter "path".
   * * `"/files/*path"` - ditto.
   *
   * @param {string} pattern  The pattern to compile into a matcher.
   * @param {Object} config  A configuration object hash:
   *
   * * `caseInsensitive` - `true` if URL matching should be case insensitive, otherwise `false`, the default value (for backward compatibility) is `false`.
   * * `strict` - `false` if matching against a URL with a trailing slash should be treated as equivalent to a URL without a trailing slash, the default value is `true`.
   *
   * @property {string} prefix  A static prefix of this pattern. The matcher guarantees that any
   *   URL matching this matcher (i.e. any string for which {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#methods_exec exec()} returns
   *   non-null) will start with this prefix.
   *
   * @property {string} source  The pattern that was passed into the constructor
   *
   * @property {string} sourcePath  The path portion of the source property
   *
   * @property {string} sourceSearch  The search portion of the source property
   *
   * @property {string} regex  The constructed regex that will be used to match against the url when
   *   it is time to determine which url will match.
   *
   * @returns {Object}  New `UrlMatcher` object
   */
  function UrlMatcher(pattern, config) {
    config = angular.isObject(config) ? config : {};

    // Find all placeholders and create a compiled pattern, using either classic or curly syntax:
    //   "*" name
    //   ":" name
    //   "{" name "}"
    //   "{" name ":" regexp "}"
    // The regular expression is somewhat complicated due to the need to allow curly braces
    // inside the regular expression. The placeholder regexp breaks down as follows:
    //    ([:*])(\w+)               classic placeholder ($1 / $2)
    //    \{(\w+)(?:\:( ... ))?\}   curly brace placeholder ($3) with optional regexp ... ($4)
    //    (?: ... | ... | ... )+    the regexp consists of any number of atoms, an atom being either
    //    [^{}\\]+                  - anything other than curly braces or backslash
    //    \\.                       - a backslash escape
    //    \{(?:[^{}\\]+|\\.)*\}     - a matched set of curly braces containing other atoms
    var placeholder = /([:*])(\w+)|\{(\w+)(?:\:((?:[^{}\\]+|\\.|\{(?:[^{}\\]+|\\.)*\})+))?\}/g,
        compiled = "^", last = 0, m,
        segments = this.segments = [],
        params = this.params = {};

    /**
     * [Internal] Gets the decoded representation of a value if the value is defined, otherwise, returns the
     * default value, which may be the result of an injectable function.
     */
    function $value(value) {
      /*jshint validthis: true */
      return isDefined(value) ? this.type.decode(value) : $UrlMatcherFactory.$$getDefaultValue(this);
    }

    function addParameter(id, type, config) {
      if (!/^\w+(-+\w+)*$/.test(id)) throw new Error("Invalid parameter name '" + id + "' in pattern '" + pattern + "'");
      if (params[id]) throw new Error("Duplicate parameter name '" + id + "' in pattern '" + pattern + "'");
      params[id] = extend({ type: type || new Type(), $value: $value }, config);
    }

    function quoteRegExp(string, pattern, isOptional) {
      var result = string.replace(/[\\\[\]\^$*+?.()|{}]/g, "\\$&");
      if (!pattern) return result;
      var flag = isOptional ? "?" : "";
      return result + flag + "(" + pattern + ")" + flag;
    }

    function paramConfig(param) {
      if (!config.params || !config.params[param]) return {};
      var cfg = config.params[param];
      return isObject(cfg) ? cfg : { value: cfg };
    }

    this.source = pattern;

    // Split into static segments separated by path parameter placeholders.
    // The number of segments is always 1 more than the number of parameters.
    var id, regexp, segment, type, cfg;

    while ((m = placeholder.exec(pattern))) {
      id      = m[2] || m[3]; // IE[78] returns "" for unmatched groups instead of null
      regexp  = m[4] || (m[1] == "*" ? ".*" : "[^/]*");
      segment = pattern.substring(last, m.index);
      type    = this.$types[regexp] || new Type({ pattern: new RegExp(regexp) });
      cfg     = paramConfig(id);

      if (segment.indexOf("?") >= 0) break; // we"re into the search part

      compiled += quoteRegExp(segment, type.$subPattern(), isDefined(cfg.value));
      addParameter(id, type, cfg);
      segments.push(segment);
      last = placeholder.lastIndex;
    }
    segment = pattern.substring(last);

    // Find any search parameter names and remove them from the last segment
    var i = segment.indexOf("?");

    if (i >= 0) {
      var search = this.sourceSearch = segment.substring(i);
      segment = segment.substring(0, i);
      this.sourcePath = pattern.substring(0, last + i);

      // Allow parameters to be separated by "?" as well as "&" to make concat() easier
      forEach(search.substring(1).split(/[&?]/), function(key) {
        addParameter(key, null, paramConfig(key));
      });
    } else {
      this.sourcePath = pattern;
      this.sourceSearch = "";
    }

    compiled += quoteRegExp(segment) + (config.strict === false ? "\/?" : "") + "$";
    segments.push(segment);

    this.regexp = new RegExp(compiled, config.caseInsensitive ? "i" : undefined);
    this.prefix = segments[0];
  }

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#concat
   * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
   *
   * @description
   * Returns a new matcher for a pattern constructed by appending the path part and adding the
   * search parameters of the specified pattern to this pattern. The current pattern is not
   * modified. This can be understood as creating a pattern for URLs that are relative to (or
   * suffixes of) the current pattern.
   *
   * @example
   * The following two matchers are equivalent:
   * <pre>
   * new UrlMatcher("/user/{id}?q").concat("/details?date");
   * new UrlMatcher("/user/{id}/details?q&date");
   * </pre>
   *
   * @param {string} pattern  The pattern to append.
   * @param {Object} config  An object hash of the configuration for the matcher.
   * @returns {UrlMatcher}  A matcher for the concatenated pattern.
   */
  UrlMatcher.prototype.concat = function (pattern, config) {
    // Because order of search parameters is irrelevant, we can add our own search
    // parameters to the end of the new pattern. Parse the new pattern by itself
    // and then join the bits together, but it"s much easier to do this on a string level.
    return new UrlMatcher(this.sourcePath + pattern + this.sourceSearch, config);
  };

  UrlMatcher.prototype.toString = function () {
    return this.source;
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#exec
   * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
   *
   * @description
   * Tests the specified path against this matcher, and returns an object containing the captured
   * parameter values, or null if the path does not match. The returned object contains the values
   * of any search parameters that are mentioned in the pattern, but their value may be null if
   * they are not present in `searchParams`. This means that search parameters are always treated
   * as optional.
   *
   * @example
   * <pre>
   * new UrlMatcher("/user/{id}?q&r").exec("/user/bob", {
   *   x: "1", q: "hello"
   * });
   * // returns { id: "bob", q: "hello", r: null }
   * </pre>
   *
   * @param {string} path  The URL path to match, e.g. `$location.path()`.
   * @param {Object} searchParams  URL search parameters, e.g. `$location.search()`.
   * @returns {Object}  The captured parameter values.
   */
  UrlMatcher.prototype.exec = function (path, searchParams) {
    var m = this.regexp.exec(path);
    if (!m) return null;
    searchParams = searchParams || {};

    var params = this.parameters(), nTotal = params.length,
      nPath = this.segments.length - 1,
      values = {}, i, cfg, param;

    if (nPath !== m.length - 1) throw new Error("Unbalanced capture group in route '" + this.source + "'");

    for (i = 0; i < nPath; i++) {
      param = params[i];
      cfg = this.params[param];
      values[param] = cfg.$value(m[i + 1]);
    }
    for (/**/; i < nTotal; i++) {
      param = params[i];
      cfg = this.params[param];
      values[param] = cfg.$value(searchParams[param]);
    }

    return values;
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#parameters
   * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
   *
   * @description
   * Returns the names of all path and search parameters of this pattern in an unspecified order.
   *
   * @returns {Array.<string>}  An array of parameter names. Must be treated as read-only. If the
   *    pattern has no parameters, an empty array is returned.
   */
  UrlMatcher.prototype.parameters = function (param) {
    if (!isDefined(param)) return objectKeys(this.params);
    return this.params[param] || null;
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#validate
   * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
   *
   * @description
   * Checks an object hash of parameters to validate their correctness according to the parameter
   * types of this `UrlMatcher`.
   *
   * @param {Object} params The object hash of parameters to validate.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `params` validates, otherwise `false`.
   */
  UrlMatcher.prototype.validates = function (params) {
    var result = true, isOptional, cfg, self = this;

    forEach(params, function(val, key) {
      if (!self.params[key]) return;
      cfg = self.params[key];
      isOptional = !val && isDefined(cfg.value);
      result = result && (isOptional || cfg.type.is(val));
    });
    return result;
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#format
   * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
   *
   * @description
   * Creates a URL that matches this pattern by substituting the specified values
   * for the path and search parameters. Null values for path parameters are
   * treated as empty strings.
   *
   * @example
   * <pre>
   * new UrlMatcher("/user/{id}?q").format({ id:"bob", q:"yes" });
   * // returns "/user/bob?q=yes"
   * </pre>
   *
   * @param {Object} values  the values to substitute for the parameters in this pattern.
   * @returns {string}  the formatted URL (path and optionally search part).
   */
  UrlMatcher.prototype.format = function (values) {
    var segments = this.segments, params = this.parameters();

    if (!values) return segments.join("").replace("//", "/");

    var nPath = segments.length - 1, nTotal = params.length,
      result = segments[0], i, search, value, param, cfg, array;

    if (!this.validates(values)) return null;

    for (i = 0; i < nPath; i++) {
      param = params[i];
      value = values[param];
      cfg   = this.params[param];

      if (!isDefined(value) && (segments[i] === "/" || segments[i + 1] === "/")) continue;
      if (value != null) result += encodeURIComponent(cfg.type.encode(value));
      result += segments[i + 1];
    }

    for (/**/; i < nTotal; i++) {
      param = params[i];
      value = values[param];
      if (value == null) continue;
      array = isArray(value);

      if (array) {
        value = value.map(encodeURIComponent).join("&" + param + "=");
      }
      result += (search ? "&" : "?") + param + "=" + (array ? value : encodeURIComponent(value));
      search = true;
    }
    return result;
  };

  UrlMatcher.prototype.$types = {};

  /**
   * @ngdoc object
   * @name ui.router.util.type:Type
   *
   * @description
   * Implements an interface to define custom parameter types that can be decoded from and encoded to
   * string parameters matched in a URL. Used by {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher `UrlMatcher`}
   * objects when matching or formatting URLs, or comparing or validating parameter values.
   *
   * See {@link ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#methods_type `$urlMatcherFactory#type()`} for more
   * information on registering custom types.
   *
   * @param {Object} config  A configuration object hash that includes any method in `Type`"s public
   *        interface, and/or `pattern`, which should contain a custom regular expression used to match
   *        string parameters originating from a URL.
   *
   * @property {RegExp} pattern The regular expression pattern used to match values of this type when
   *           coming from a substring of a URL.
   *
   * @returns {Object}  Returns a new `Type` object.
   */
  function Type(config) {
    extend(this, config);
  }

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.util.type:Type#is
   * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:Type
   *
   * @description
   * Detects whether a value is of a particular type. Accepts a native (decoded) value
   * and determines whether it matches the current `Type` object.
   *
   * @param {*} val  The value to check.
   * @param {string} key  Optional. If the type check is happening in the context of a specific
   *        {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher `UrlMatcher`} object, this is the name of the
   *        parameter in which `val` is stored. Can be used for meta-programming of `Type` objects.
   * @returns {Boolean}  Returns `true` if the value matches the type, otherwise `false`.
   */
  Type.prototype.is = function(val, key) {
    return true;
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.util.type:Type#encode
   * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:Type
   *
   * @description
   * Encodes a custom/native type value to a string that can be embedded in a URL. Note that the
   * return value does *not* need to be URL-safe (i.e. passed through `encodeURIComponent()`), it
   * only needs to be a representation of `val` that has been coerced to a string.
   *
   * @param {*} val  The value to encode.
   * @param {string} key  The name of the parameter in which `val` is stored. Can be used for
   *        meta-programming of `Type` objects.
   * @returns {string}  Returns a string representation of `val` that can be encoded in a URL.
   */
  Type.prototype.encode = function(val, key) {
    return val;
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.util.type:Type#decode
   * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:Type
   *
   * @description
   * Converts a string URL parameter value to a custom/native value.
   *
   * @param {string} val  The URL parameter value to decode.
   * @param {string} key  The name of the parameter in which `val` is stored. Can be used for
   *        meta-programming of `Type` objects.
   * @returns {*}  Returns a custom representation of the URL parameter value.
   */
  Type.prototype.decode = function(val, key) {
    return val;
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.util.type:Type#equals
   * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:Type
   *
   * @description
   * Determines whether two decoded values are equivalent.
   *
   * @param {*} a  A value to compare against.
   * @param {*} b  A value to compare against.
   * @returns {Boolean}  Returns `true` if the values are equivalent/equal, otherwise `false`.
   */
  Type.prototype.equals = function(a, b) {
    return a == b;
  };

  Type.prototype.$subPattern = function() {
    var sub = this.pattern.toString();
    return sub.substr(1, sub.length - 2);
  };

  Type.prototype.pattern = /.*/;

  /**
   * @ngdoc object
   * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
   *
   * @description
   * Factory for {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher `UrlMatcher`} instances. The factory
   * is also available to providers under the name `$urlMatcherFactoryProvider`.
   */
  function $UrlMatcherFactory() {

    var isCaseInsensitive = false, isStrictMode = true;

    var enqueue = true, typeQueue = [], injector, defaultTypes = {
      int: {
        decode: function(val) {
          return parseInt(val, 10);
        },
        is: function(val) {
          if (!isDefined(val)) return false;
          return this.decode(val.toString()) === val;
        },
        pattern: /\d+/
      },
      bool: {
        encode: function(val) {
          return val ? 1 : 0;
        },
        decode: function(val) {
          return parseInt(val, 10) === 0 ? false : true;
        },
        is: function(val) {
          return val === true || val === false;
        },
        pattern: /0|1/
      },
      string: {
        pattern: /[^\/]*/
      },
      date: {
        equals: function (a, b) {
          return a.toISOString() === b.toISOString();
        },
        decode: function (val) {
          return new Date(val);
        },
        encode: function (val) {
          return [
            val.getFullYear(),
            ("0" + (val.getMonth() + 1)).slice(-2),
            ("0" + val.getDate()).slice(-2)
          ].join("-");
        },
        pattern: /[0-9]{4}-(?:0[1-9]|1[0-2])-(?:0[1-9]|[1-2][0-9]|3[0-1])/
      }
    };

    function getDefaultConfig() {
      return {
        strict: isStrictMode,
        caseInsensitive: isCaseInsensitive
      };
    }

    function isInjectable(value) {
      return (isFunction(value) || (isArray(value) && isFunction(value[value.length - 1])));
    }

    /**
     * [Internal] Get the default value of a parameter, which may be an injectable function.
     */
    $UrlMatcherFactory.$$getDefaultValue = function(config) {
      if (!isInjectable(config.value)) return config.value;
      if (!injector) throw new Error("Injectable functions cannot be called at configuration time");
      return injector.invoke(config.value);
    };

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#caseInsensitive
     * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
     *
     * @description
     * Defines whether URL matching should be case sensitive (the default behavior), or not.
     *
     * @param {boolean} value `false` to match URL in a case sensitive manner; otherwise `true`;
     */
    this.caseInsensitive = function(value) {
      isCaseInsensitive = value;
    };

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#strictMode
     * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
     *
     * @description
     * Defines whether URLs should match trailing slashes, or not (the default behavior).
     *
     * @param {boolean} value `false` to match trailing slashes in URLs, otherwise `true`.
     */
    this.strictMode = function(value) {
      isStrictMode = value;
    };

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#compile
     * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
     *
     * @description
     * Creates a {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher `UrlMatcher`} for the specified pattern.
     *
     * @param {string} pattern  The URL pattern.
     * @param {Object} config  The config object hash.
     * @returns {UrlMatcher}  The UrlMatcher.
     */
    this.compile = function (pattern, config) {
      return new UrlMatcher(pattern, extend(getDefaultConfig(), config));
    };

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#isMatcher
     * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
     *
     * @description
     * Returns true if the specified object is a `UrlMatcher`, or false otherwise.
     *
     * @param {Object} object  The object to perform the type check against.
     * @returns {Boolean}  Returns `true` if the object matches the `UrlMatcher` interface, by
     *          implementing all the same methods.
     */
    this.isMatcher = function (o) {
      if (!isObject(o)) return false;
      var result = true;

      forEach(UrlMatcher.prototype, function(val, name) {
        if (isFunction(val)) {
          result = result && (isDefined(o[name]) && isFunction(o[name]));
        }
      });
      return result;
    };

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#type
     * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
     *
     * @description
     * Registers a custom {@link ui.router.util.type:Type `Type`} object that can be used to
     * generate URLs with typed parameters.
     *
     * @param {string} name  The type name.
     * @param {Object|Function} def  The type definition. See
     *        {@link ui.router.util.type:Type `Type`} for information on the values accepted.
     *
     * @returns {Object}  Returns `$urlMatcherFactoryProvider`.
     *
     * @example
     * This is a simple example of a custom type that encodes and decodes items from an
     * array, using the array index as the URL-encoded value:
     *
     * <pre>
     * var list = ["John", "Paul", "George", "Ringo"];
     *
     * $urlMatcherFactoryProvider.type("listItem", {
     *   encode: function(item) {
     *     // Represent the list item in the URL using its corresponding index
     *     return list.indexOf(item);
     *   },
     *   decode: function(item) {
     *     // Look up the list item by index
     *     return list[parseInt(item, 10)];
     *   },
     *   is: function(item) {
     *     // Ensure the item is valid by checking to see that it appears
     *     // in the list
     *     return list.indexOf(item) > -1;
     *   }
     * });
     *
     * $stateProvider.state("list", {
     *   url: "/list/{item:listItem}",
     *   controller: function($scope, $stateParams) {
     *     console.log($stateParams.item);
     *   }
     * });
     *
     * // ...
     *
     * // Changes URL to "/list/3", logs "Ringo" to the console
     * $state.go("list", { item: "Ringo" });
     * </pre>
     *
     * This is a more complex example of a type that relies on dependency injection to
     * interact with services, and uses the parameter name from the URL to infer how to
     * handle encoding and decoding parameter values:
     *
     * <pre>
     * // Defines a custom type that gets a value from a service,
     * // where each service gets different types of values from
     * // a backend API:
     * $urlMatcherFactoryProvider.type("dbObject", function(Users, Posts) {
     *
     *   // Matches up services to URL parameter names
     *   var services = {
     *     user: Users,
     *     post: Posts
     *   };
     *
     *   return {
     *     encode: function(object) {
     *       // Represent the object in the URL using its unique ID
     *       return object.id;
     *     },
     *     decode: function(value, key) {
     *       // Look up the object by ID, using the parameter
     *       // name (key) to call the correct service
     *       return services[key].findById(value);
     *     },
     *     is: function(object, key) {
     *       // Check that object is a valid dbObject
     *       return angular.isObject(object) && object.id && services[key];
     *     }
     *     equals: function(a, b) {
     *       // Check the equality of decoded objects by comparing
     *       // their unique IDs
     *       return a.id === b.id;
     *     }
     *   };
     * });
     *
     * // In a config() block, you can then attach URLs with
     * // type-annotated parameters:
     * $stateProvider.state("users", {
     *   url: "/users",
     *   // ...
     * }).state("users.item", {
     *   url: "/{user:dbObject}",
     *   controller: function($scope, $stateParams) {
     *     // $stateParams.user will now be an object returned from
     *     // the Users service
     *   },
     *   // ...
     * });
     * </pre>
     */
    this.type = function (name, def) {
      if (!isDefined(def)) return UrlMatcher.prototype.$types[name];
      typeQueue.push({ name: name, def: def });
      if (!enqueue) flushTypeQueue();
      return this;
    };

    /* No need to document $get, since it returns this */
    this.$get = ["$injector", function ($injector) {
      injector = $injector;
      enqueue = false;
      UrlMatcher.prototype.$types = {};
      flushTypeQueue();

      forEach(defaultTypes, function(type, name) {
        if (!UrlMatcher.prototype.$types[name]) UrlMatcher.prototype.$types[name] = new Type(type);
      });
      return this;
    }];

    // To ensure proper order of operations in object configuration, and to allow internal
    // types to be overridden, `flushTypeQueue()` waits until `$urlMatcherFactory` is injected
    // before actually wiring up and assigning type definitions
    function flushTypeQueue() {
      forEach(typeQueue, function(type) {
        if (UrlMatcher.prototype.$types[type.name]) {
          throw new Error("A type named '" + type.name + "' has already been defined.");
        }
        var def = new Type(isInjectable(type.def) ? injector.invoke(type.def) : type.def);
        UrlMatcher.prototype.$types[type.name] = def;
      });
    }
  }

  // Register as a provider so it"s available to other providers
  angular.module("ui.router.util").provider("$urlMatcherFactory", $UrlMatcherFactory);

  /**
   * @ngdoc object
   * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
   *
   * @requires ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactoryProvider
   * @requires $locationProvider
   *
   * @description
   * `$urlRouterProvider` has the responsibility of watching `$location`.
   * When `$location` changes it runs through a list of rules one by one until a
   * match is found. `$urlRouterProvider` is used behind the scenes anytime you specify
   * a url in a state configuration. All urls are compiled into a UrlMatcher object.
   *
   * There are several methods on `$urlRouterProvider` that make it useful to use directly
   * in your module config.
   */
  $UrlRouterProvider.$inject = ["$locationProvider", "$urlMatcherFactoryProvider"];
  function $UrlRouterProvider(   $locationProvider,   $urlMatcherFactory) {
    var rules = [], otherwise = null, interceptDeferred = false, listener;

    // Returns a string that is a prefix of all strings matching the RegExp
    function regExpPrefix(re) {
      var prefix = /^\^((?:\\[^a-zA-Z0-9]|[^\\\[\]\^$*+?.()|{}]+)*)/.exec(re.source);
      return (prefix != null) ? prefix[1].replace(/\\(.)/g, "$1") : "";
    }

    // Interpolates matched values into a String.replace()-style pattern
    function interpolate(pattern, match) {
      return pattern.replace(/\$(\$|\d{1,2})/, function (m, what) {
        return match[what === "$" ? 0 : Number(what)];
      });
    }

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider#rule
     * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
     *
     * @description
     * Defines rules that are used by `$urlRouterProvider` to find matches for
     * specific URLs.
     *
     * @example
     * <pre>
     * var app = angular.module("app", ["ui.router.router"]);
     *
     * app.config(function ($urlRouterProvider) {
     *   // Here"s an example of how you might allow case insensitive urls
     *   $urlRouterProvider.rule(function ($injector, $location) {
     *     var path = $location.path(),
     *         normalized = path.toLowerCase();
     *
     *     if (path !== normalized) {
     *       return normalized;
     *     }
     *   });
     * });
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param {object} rule Handler function that takes `$injector` and `$location`
     * services as arguments. You can use them to return a valid path as a string.
     *
     * @return {object} `$urlRouterProvider` - `$urlRouterProvider` instance
     */
    this.rule = function (rule) {
      if (!isFunction(rule)) throw new Error("'rule' must be a function");
      rules.push(rule);
      return this;
    };

    /**
     * @ngdoc object
     * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider#otherwise
     * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
     *
     * @description
     * Defines a path that is used when an invalid route is requested.
     *
     * @example
     * <pre>
     * var app = angular.module("app", ["ui.router.router"]);
     *
     * app.config(function ($urlRouterProvider) {
     *   // if the path doesn"t match any of the urls you configured
     *   // otherwise will take care of routing the user to the
     *   // specified url
     *   $urlRouterProvider.otherwise("/index");
     *
     *   // Example of using function rule as param
     *   $urlRouterProvider.otherwise(function ($injector, $location) {
     *     return "/a/valid/url";
     *   });
     * });
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param {string|object} rule The url path you want to redirect to or a function
     * rule that returns the url path. The function version is passed two params:
     * `$injector` and `$location` services, and must return a url string.
     *
     * @return {object} `$urlRouterProvider` - `$urlRouterProvider` instance
     */
    this.otherwise = function (rule) {
      if (isString(rule)) {
        var redirect = rule;
        rule = function () { return redirect; };
      }
      else if (!isFunction(rule)) throw new Error("'rule' must be a function");
      otherwise = rule;
      return this;
    };


    function handleIfMatch($injector, handler, match) {
      if (!match) return false;
      var result = $injector.invoke(handler, handler, { $match: match });
      return isDefined(result) ? result : true;
    }

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider#when
     * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
     *
     * @description
     * Registers a handler for a given url matching. if handle is a string, it is
     * treated as a redirect, and is interpolated according to the syntax of match
     * (i.e. like `String.replace()` for `RegExp`, or like a `UrlMatcher` pattern otherwise).
     *
     * If the handler is a function, it is injectable. It gets invoked if `$location`
     * matches. You have the option of inject the match object as `$match`.
     *
     * The handler can return
     *
     * - **falsy** to indicate that the rule didn"t match after all, then `$urlRouter`
     *   will continue trying to find another one that matches.
     * - **string** which is treated as a redirect and passed to `$location.url()`
     * - **void** or any **truthy** value tells `$urlRouter` that the url was handled.
     *
     * @example
     * <pre>
     * var app = angular.module("app", ["ui.router.router"]);
     *
     * app.config(function ($urlRouterProvider) {
     *   $urlRouterProvider.when($state.url, function ($match, $stateParams) {
     *     if ($state.$current.navigable !== state ||
     *         !equalForKeys($match, $stateParams) {
     *      $state.transitionTo(state, $match, false);
     *     }
     *   });
     * });
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param {string|object} what The incoming path that you want to redirect.
     * @param {string|object} handler The path you want to redirect your user to.
     */
    this.when = function (what, handler) {
      var redirect, handlerIsString = isString(handler);
      if (isString(what)) what = $urlMatcherFactory.compile(what);

      if (!handlerIsString && !isFunction(handler) && !isArray(handler))
        throw new Error("invalid 'handler' in when()");

      var strategies = {
        matcher: function (what, handler) {
          if (handlerIsString) {
            redirect = $urlMatcherFactory.compile(handler);
            handler = ["$match", function ($match) { return redirect.format($match); }];
          }
          return extend(function ($injector, $location) {
            return handleIfMatch($injector, handler, what.exec($location.path(), $location.search()));
          }, {
            prefix: isString(what.prefix) ? what.prefix : ""
          });
        },
        regex: function (what, handler) {
          if (what.global || what.sticky) throw new Error("when() RegExp must not be global or sticky");

          if (handlerIsString) {
            redirect = handler;
            handler = ["$match", function ($match) { return interpolate(redirect, $match); }];
          }
          return extend(function ($injector, $location) {
            return handleIfMatch($injector, handler, what.exec($location.path()));
          }, {
            prefix: regExpPrefix(what)
          });
        }
      };

      var check = { matcher: $urlMatcherFactory.isMatcher(what), regex: what instanceof RegExp };

      for (var n in check) {
        if (check[n]) return this.rule(strategies[n](what, handler));
      }

      throw new Error("invalid 'what' in when()");
    };

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider#deferIntercept
     * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
     *
     * @description
     * Disables (or enables) deferring location change interception.
     *
     * If you wish to customize the behavior of syncing the URL (for example, if you wish to
     * defer a transition but maintain the current URL), call this method at configuration time.
     * Then, at run time, call `$urlRouter.listen()` after you have configured your own
     * `$locationChangeSuccess` event handler.
     *
     * @example
     * <pre>
     * var app = angular.module("app", ["ui.router.router"]);
     *
     * app.config(function ($urlRouterProvider) {
     *
     *   // Prevent $urlRouter from automatically intercepting URL changes;
     *   // this allows you to configure custom behavior in between
     *   // location changes and route synchronization:
     *   $urlRouterProvider.deferIntercept();
     *
     * }).run(function ($rootScope, $urlRouter, UserService) {
     *
     *   $rootScope.$on("$locationChangeSuccess", function(e) {
     *     // UserService is an example service for managing user state
     *     if (UserService.isLoggedIn()) return;
     *
     *     // Prevent $urlRouter"s default handler from firing
     *     e.preventDefault();
     *
     *     UserService.handleLogin().then(function() {
     *       // Once the user has logged in, sync the current URL
     *       // to the router:
     *       $urlRouter.sync();
     *     });
     *   });
     *
     *   // Configures $urlRouter"s listener *after* your custom listener
     *   $urlRouter.listen();
     * });
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param {boolean} defer Indicates whether to defer location change interception. Passing
              no parameter is equivalent to `true`.
     */
    this.deferIntercept = function (defer) {
      if (defer === undefined) defer = true;
      interceptDeferred = defer;
    };

    /**
     * @ngdoc object
     * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouter
     *
     * @requires $location
     * @requires $rootScope
     * @requires $injector
     * @requires $browser
     *
     * @description
     *
     */
    this.$get = $get;
    $get.$inject = ["$location", "$rootScope", "$injector", "$browser"];
    function $get(   $location,   $rootScope,   $injector,   $browser) {

      var baseHref = $browser.baseHref(), location = $location.url();

      function appendBasePath(url, isHtml5, absolute) {
        if (baseHref === "/") return url;
        if (isHtml5) return baseHref.slice(0, -1) + url;
        if (absolute) return baseHref.slice(1) + url;
        return url;
      }

      // TODO: Optimize groups of rules with non-empty prefix into some sort of decision tree
      function update(evt) {
        if (evt && evt.defaultPrevented) return;

        function check(rule) {
          var handled = rule($injector, $location);

          if (!handled) return false;
          if (isString(handled)) $location.replace().url(handled);
          return true;
        }
        var n = rules.length, i;

        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
          if (check(rules[i])) return;
        }
        // always check otherwise last to allow dynamic updates to the set of rules
        if (otherwise) check(otherwise);
      }

      function listen() {
        listener = listener || $rootScope.$on("$locationChangeSuccess", update);
        return listener;
      }

      if (!interceptDeferred) listen();

      return {
        /**
         * @ngdoc function
         * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouter#sync
         * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouter
         *
         * @description
         * Triggers an update; the same update that happens when the address bar url changes, aka `$locationChangeSuccess`.
         * This method is useful when you need to use `preventDefault()` on the `$locationChangeSuccess` event,
         * perform some custom logic (route protection, auth, config, redirection, etc) and then finally proceed
         * with the transition by calling `$urlRouter.sync()`.
         *
         * @example
         * <pre>
         * angular.module("app", ["ui.router"])
         *   .run(function($rootScope, $urlRouter) {
         *     $rootScope.$on("$locationChangeSuccess", function(evt) {
         *       // Halt state change from even starting
         *       evt.preventDefault();
         *       // Perform custom logic
         *       var meetsRequirement = ...
         *       // Continue with the update and state transition if logic allows
         *       if (meetsRequirement) $urlRouter.sync();
         *     });
         * });
         * </pre>
         */
        sync: function() {
          update();
        },

        listen: function() {
          return listen();
        },

        update: function(read) {
          if (read) {
            location = $location.url();
            return;
          }
          if ($location.url() === location) return;

          $location.url(location);
          $location.replace();
        },

        push: function(urlMatcher, params, options) {
          $location.url(urlMatcher.format(params || {}));
          if (options && options.replace) $location.replace();
        },

        /**
         * @ngdoc function
         * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouter#href
         * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouter
         *
         * @description
         * A URL generation method that returns the compiled URL for a given
         * {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher `UrlMatcher`}, populated with the provided parameters.
         *
         * @example
         * <pre>
         * $bob = $urlRouter.href(new UrlMatcher("/about/:person"), {
         *   person: "bob"
         * });
         * // $bob == "/about/bob";
         * </pre>
         *
         * @param {UrlMatcher} urlMatcher The `UrlMatcher` object which is used as the template of the URL to generate.
         * @param {object=} params An object of parameter values to fill the matcher"s required parameters.
         * @param {object=} options Options object. The options are:
         *
         * - **`absolute`** - {boolean=false},  If true will generate an absolute url, e.g. "http://www.example.com/fullurl".
         *
         * @returns {string} Returns the fully compiled URL, or `null` if `params` fail validation against `urlMatcher`
         */
        href: function(urlMatcher, params, options) {
          if (!urlMatcher.validates(params)) return null;

          var isHtml5 = $locationProvider.html5Mode();
          var url = urlMatcher.format(params);
          options = options || {};

          if (!isHtml5 && url !== null) {
            url = "#" + $locationProvider.hashPrefix() + url;
          }
          url = appendBasePath(url, isHtml5, options.absolute);

          if (!options.absolute || !url) {
            return url;
          }

          var slash = (!isHtml5 && url ? "/" : ""), port = $location.port();
          port = (port === 80 || port === 443 ? "" : ":" + port);

          return [$location.protocol(), "://", $location.host(), port, slash, url].join("");
        }
      };
    }
  }

  angular.module("ui.router.router").provider("$urlRouter", $UrlRouterProvider);

  /**
   * @ngdoc object
   * @name ui.router.state.$stateProvider
   *
   * @requires ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
   * @requires ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactoryProvider
   *
   * @description
   * The new `$stateProvider` works similar to Angular"s v1 router, but it focuses purely
   * on state.
   *
   * A state corresponds to a "place" in the application in terms of the overall UI and
   * navigation. A state describes (via the controller / template / view properties) what
   * the UI looks like and does at that place.
   *
   * States often have things in common, and the primary way of factoring out these
   * commonalities in this model is via the state hierarchy, i.e. parent/child states aka
   * nested states.
   *
   * The `$stateProvider` provides interfaces to declare these states for your app.
   */
  $StateProvider.$inject = ["$urlRouterProvider", "$urlMatcherFactoryProvider"];
  function $StateProvider(   $urlRouterProvider,   $urlMatcherFactory) {

    var root, states = {}, $state, queue = {}, abstractKey = "abstract";

    // Builds state properties from definition passed to registerState()
    var stateBuilder = {

      // Derive parent state from a hierarchical name only if "parent" is not explicitly defined.
      // state.children = [];
      // if (parent) parent.children.push(state);
      parent: function(state) {
        if (isDefined(state.parent) && state.parent) return findState(state.parent);
        // regex matches any valid composite state name
        // would match "contact.list" but not "contacts"
        var compositeName = /^(.+)\.[^.]+$/.exec(state.name);
        return compositeName ? findState(compositeName[1]) : root;
      },

      // inherit "data" from parent and override by own values (if any)
      data: function(state) {
        if (state.parent && state.parent.data) {
          state.data = state.self.data = extend({}, state.parent.data, state.data);
        }
        return state.data;
      },

      // Build a URLMatcher if necessary, either via a relative or absolute URL
      url: function(state) {
        var url = state.url, config = { params: state.params || {} };

        if (isString(url)) {
          if (url.charAt(0) == "^") return $urlMatcherFactory.compile(url.substring(1), config);
          return (state.parent.navigable || root).url.concat(url, config);
        }

        if (!url || $urlMatcherFactory.isMatcher(url)) return url;
        throw new Error("Invalid url '" + url + "' in state '" + state + "'");
      },

      // Keep track of the closest ancestor state that has a URL (i.e. is navigable)
      navigable: function(state) {
        return state.url ? state : (state.parent ? state.parent.navigable : null);
      },

      // Derive parameters for this state and ensure they"re a super-set of parent"s parameters
      params: function(state) {
        if (!state.params) {
          return state.url ? state.url.params : state.parent.params;
        }
        return state.params;
      },

      // If there is no explicit multi-view configuration, make one up so we don"t have
      // to handle both cases in the view directive later. Note that having an explicit
      // "views" property will mean the default unnamed view properties are ignored. This
      // is also a good time to resolve view names to absolute names, so everything is a
      // straight lookup at link time.
      views: function(state) {
        var views = {};

        forEach(isDefined(state.views) ? state.views : { "": state }, function (view, name) {
          if (name.indexOf("@") < 0) name += "@" + state.parent.name;
          views[name] = view;
        });
        return views;
      },

      ownParams: function(state) {
        state.params = state.params || {};

        if (!state.parent) {
            return objectKeys(state.params);
        }
        var paramNames = {}; forEach(state.params, function (v, k) { paramNames[k] = true; });

        forEach(state.parent.params, function (v, k) {
          if (!paramNames[k]) {
            throw new Error("Missing required parameter '" + k + "' in state '" + state.name + "'");
          }
          paramNames[k] = false;
        });
        var ownParams = [];

        forEach(paramNames, function (own, p) {
          if (own) ownParams.push(p);
        });
        return ownParams;
      },

      // Keep a full path from the root down to this state as this is needed for state activation.
      path: function(state) {
        return state.parent ? state.parent.path.concat(state) : []; // exclude root from path
      },

      // Speed up $state.contains() as it"s used a lot
      includes: function(state) {
        var includes = state.parent ? extend({}, state.parent.includes) : {};
        includes[state.name] = true;
        return includes;
      },

      $delegates: {}
    };

    function isRelative(stateName) {
      return stateName.indexOf(".") === 0 || stateName.indexOf("^") === 0;
    }

    function findState(stateOrName, base) {
      if (!stateOrName) return undefined;

      var isStr = isString(stateOrName),
          name  = isStr ? stateOrName : stateOrName.name,
          path  = isRelative(name);

      if (path) {
        if (!base) throw new Error("No reference point given for path '"  + name + "'");
        var rel = name.split("."), i = 0, pathLength = rel.length, current = base;

        for (; i < pathLength; i++) {
          if (rel[i] === "" && i === 0) {
            current = base;
            continue;
          }
          if (rel[i] === "^") {
            if (!current.parent) throw new Error("Path '" + name + "' not valid for state '" + base.name + "'");
            current = current.parent;
            continue;
          }
          break;
        }
        rel = rel.slice(i).join(".");
        name = current.name + (current.name && rel ? "." : "") + rel;
      }
      var state = states[name];

      if (state && (isStr || (!isStr && (state === stateOrName || state.self === stateOrName)))) {
        return state;
      }
      return undefined;
    }

    function queueState(parentName, state) {
      if (!queue[parentName]) {
        queue[parentName] = [];
      }
      queue[parentName].push(state);
    }

    function registerState(state) {
      // Wrap a new object around the state so we can store our private details easily.
      state = inherit(state, {
        self: state,
        resolve: state.resolve || {},
        toString: function() { return this.name; }
      });

      var name = state.name;
      if (!isString(name) || name.indexOf("@") >= 0) throw new Error("State must have a valid name");
      if (states.hasOwnProperty(name)) throw new Error("State '" + name + "' is already defined");

      // Get parent name
      var parentName = (name.indexOf(".") !== -1) ? name.substring(0, name.lastIndexOf("."))
          : (isString(state.parent)) ? state.parent
          : "";

      // If parent is not registered yet, add state to queue and register later
      if (parentName && !states[parentName]) {
        return queueState(parentName, state.self);
      }

      for (var key in stateBuilder) {
        if (isFunction(stateBuilder[key])) state[key] = stateBuilder[key](state, stateBuilder.$delegates[key]);
      }
      states[name] = state;

      // Register the state in the global state list and with $urlRouter if necessary.
      if (!state[abstractKey] && state.url) {
        $urlRouterProvider.when(state.url, ["$match", "$stateParams", function ($match, $stateParams) {
          if ($state.$current.navigable != state || !equalForKeys($match, $stateParams)) {
            $state.transitionTo(state, $match, { location: false });
          }
        }]);
      }

      // Register any queued children
      if (queue[name]) {
        for (var i = 0; i < queue[name].length; i++) {
          registerState(queue[name][i]);
        }
      }

      return state;
    }

    // Checks text to see if it looks like a glob.
    function isGlob (text) {
      return text.indexOf("*") > -1;
    }

    // Returns true if glob matches current $state name.
    function doesStateMatchGlob (glob) {
      var globSegments = glob.split("."),
          segments = $state.$current.name.split(".");

      //match greedy starts
      if (globSegments[0] === "**") {
         segments = segments.slice(segments.indexOf(globSegments[1]));
         segments.unshift("**");
      }
      //match greedy ends
      if (globSegments[globSegments.length - 1] === "**") {
         segments.splice(segments.indexOf(globSegments[globSegments.length - 2]) + 1, Number.MAX_VALUE);
         segments.push("**");
      }

      if (globSegments.length != segments.length) {
        return false;
      }

      //match single stars
      for (var i = 0, l = globSegments.length; i < l; i++) {
        if (globSegments[i] === "*") {
          segments[i] = "*";
        }
      }

      return segments.join("") === globSegments.join("");
    }


    // Implicit root state that is always active
    root = registerState({
      name: "",
      url: "^",
      views: null,
      "abstract": true
    });
    root.navigable = null;


    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.state.$stateProvider#decorator
     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$stateProvider
     *
     * @description
     * Allows you to extend (carefully) or override (at your own peril) the
     * `stateBuilder` object used internally by `$stateProvider`. This can be used
     * to add custom functionality to ui-router, for example inferring templateUrl
     * based on the state name.
     *
     * When passing only a name, it returns the current (original or decorated) builder
     * function that matches `name`.
     *
     * The builder functions that can be decorated are listed below. Though not all
     * necessarily have a good use case for decoration, that is up to you to decide.
     *
     * In addition, users can attach custom decorators, which will generate new
     * properties within the state"s internal definition. There is currently no clear
     * use-case for this beyond accessing internal states (i.e. $state.$current),
     * however, expect this to become increasingly relevant as we introduce additional
     * meta-programming features.
     *
     * **Warning**: Decorators should not be interdependent because the order of
     * execution of the builder functions in non-deterministic. Builder functions
     * should only be dependent on the state definition object and super function.
     *
     *
     * Existing builder functions and current return values:
     *
     * - **parent** `{object}` - returns the parent state object.
     * - **data** `{object}` - returns state data, including any inherited data that is not
     *   overridden by own values (if any).
     * - **url** `{object}` - returns a {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher UrlMatcher}
     *   or `null`.
     * - **navigable** `{object}` - returns closest ancestor state that has a URL (aka is
     *   navigable).
     * - **params** `{object}` - returns an array of state params that are ensured to
     *   be a super-set of parent"s params.
     * - **views** `{object}` - returns a views object where each key is an absolute view
     *   name (i.e. "viewName@stateName") and each value is the config object
     *   (template, controller) for the view. Even when you don"t use the views object
     *   explicitly on a state config, one is still created for you internally.
     *   So by decorating this builder function you have access to decorating template
     *   and controller properties.
     * - **ownParams** `{object}` - returns an array of params that belong to the state,
     *   not including any params defined by ancestor states.
     * - **path** `{string}` - returns the full path from the root down to this state.
     *   Needed for state activation.
     * - **includes** `{object}` - returns an object that includes every state that
     *   would pass a `$state.includes()` test.
     *
     * @example
     * <pre>
     * // Override the internal "views" builder with a function that takes the state
     * // definition, and a reference to the internal function being overridden:
     * $stateProvider.decorator("views", function (state, parent) {
     *   var result = {},
     *       views = parent(state);
     *
     *   angular.forEach(views, function (config, name) {
     *     var autoName = (state.name + "." + name).replace(".", "/");
     *     config.templateUrl = config.templateUrl || "/partials/" + autoName + ".html";
     *     result[name] = config;
     *   });
     *   return result;
     * });
     *
     * $stateProvider.state("home", {
     *   views: {
     *     "contact.list": { controller: "ListController" },
     *     "contact.item": { controller: "ItemController" }
     *   }
     * });
     *
     * // ...
     *
     * $state.go("home");
     * // Auto-populates list and item views with /partials/home/contact/list.html,
     * // and /partials/home/contact/item.html, respectively.
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param {string} name The name of the builder function to decorate.
     * @param {object} func A function that is responsible for decorating the original
     * builder function. The function receives two parameters:
     *
     *   - `{object}` - state - The state config object.
     *   - `{object}` - super - The original builder function.
     *
     * @return {object} $stateProvider - $stateProvider instance
     */
    this.decorator = decorator;
    function decorator(name, func) {
      /*jshint validthis: true */
      if (isString(name) && !isDefined(func)) {
        return stateBuilder[name];
      }
      if (!isFunction(func) || !isString(name)) {
        return this;
      }
      if (stateBuilder[name] && !stateBuilder.$delegates[name]) {
        stateBuilder.$delegates[name] = stateBuilder[name];
      }
      stateBuilder[name] = func;
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.state.$stateProvider#state
     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$stateProvider
     *
     * @description
     * Registers a state configuration under a given state name. The stateConfig object
     * has the following acceptable properties.
     *
     * <a id="template"></a>
     *
     * - **`template`** - {string|function=} - html template as a string or a function that returns
     *   an html template as a string which should be used by the uiView directives. This property
     *   takes precedence over templateUrl.
     *
     *   If `template` is a function, it will be called with the following parameters:
     *
     *   - {array.&lt;object&gt;} - state parameters extracted from the current $location.path() by
     *     applying the current state
     *
     * <a id="templateUrl"></a>
     *
     * - **`templateUrl`** - {string|function=} - path or function that returns a path to an html
     *   template that should be used by uiView.
     *
     *   If `templateUrl` is a function, it will be called with the following parameters:
     *
     *   - {array.&lt;object&gt;} - state parameters extracted from the current $location.path() by
     *     applying the current state
     *
     * <a id="templateProvider"></a>
     *
     * - **`templateProvider`** - {function=} - Provider function that returns HTML content
     *   string.
     *
     * <a id="controller"></a>
     *
     * - **`controller`** - {string|function=} -  Controller fn that should be associated with newly
     *   related scope or the name of a registered controller if passed as a string.
     *
     * <a id="controllerProvider"></a>
     *
     * - **`controllerProvider`** - {function=} - Injectable provider function that returns
     *   the actual controller or string.
     *
     * <a id="controllerAs"></a>
     *
     * - **`controllerAs`** – {string=} – A controller alias name. If present the controller will be
     *   published to scope under the controllerAs name.
     *
     * <a id="resolve"></a>
     *
     * - **`resolve`** - {object.&lt;string, function&gt;=} - An optional map of dependencies which
     *   should be injected into the controller. If any of these dependencies are promises,
     *   the router will wait for them all to be resolved or one to be rejected before the
     *   controller is instantiated. If all the promises are resolved successfully, the values
     *   of the resolved promises are injected and $stateChangeSuccess event is fired. If any
     *   of the promises are rejected the $stateChangeError event is fired. The map object is:
     *
     *   - key - {string}: name of dependency to be injected into controller
     *   - factory - {string|function}: If string then it is alias for service. Otherwise if function,
     *     it is injected and return value it treated as dependency. If result is a promise, it is
     *     resolved before its value is injected into controller.
     *
     * <a id="url"></a>
     *
     * - **`url`** - {string=} - A url with optional parameters. When a state is navigated or
     *   transitioned to, the `$stateParams` service will be populated with any
     *   parameters that were passed.
     *
     * <a id="params"></a>
     *
     * - **`params`** - {object=} - An array of parameter names or regular expressions. Only
     *   use this within a state if you are not using url. Otherwise you can specify your
     *   parameters within the url. When a state is navigated or transitioned to, the
     *   $stateParams service will be populated with any parameters that were passed.
     *
     * <a id="views"></a>
     *
     * - **`views`** - {object=} - Use the views property to set up multiple views or to target views
     *   manually/explicitly.
     *
     * <a id="abstract"></a>
     *
     * - **`abstract`** - {boolean=} - An abstract state will never be directly activated,
     *   but can provide inherited properties to its common children states.
     *
     * <a id="onEnter"></a>
     *
     * - **`onEnter`** - {object=} - Callback function for when a state is entered. Good way
     *   to trigger an action or dispatch an event, such as opening a dialog.
     * If minifying your scripts, make sure to use the `["injection1", "injection2", function(injection1, injection2){}]` syntax.
     *
     * <a id="onExit"></a>
     *
     * - **`onExit`** - {object=} - Callback function for when a state is exited. Good way to
     *   trigger an action or dispatch an event, such as opening a dialog.
     * If minifying your scripts, make sure to use the `["injection1", "injection2", function(injection1, injection2){}]` syntax.
     *
     * <a id="reloadOnSearch"></a>
     *
     * - **`reloadOnSearch = true`** - {boolean=} - If `false`, will not retrigger the same state
     *   just because a search/query parameter has changed (via $location.search() or $location.hash()).
     *   Useful for when you"d like to modify $location.search() without triggering a reload.
     *
     * <a id="data"></a>
     *
     * - **`data`** - {object=} - Arbitrary data object, useful for custom configuration.
     *
     * @example
     * <pre>
     * // Some state name examples
     *
     * // stateName can be a single top-level name (must be unique).
     * $stateProvider.state("home", {});
     *
     * // Or it can be a nested state name. This state is a child of the
     * // above "home" state.
     * $stateProvider.state("home.newest", {});
     *
     * // Nest states as deeply as needed.
     * $stateProvider.state("home.newest.abc.xyz.inception", {});
     *
     * // state() returns $stateProvider, so you can chain state declarations.
     * $stateProvider
     *   .state("home", {})
     *   .state("about", {})
     *   .state("contacts", {});
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param {string} name A unique state name, e.g. "home", "about", "contacts".
     * To create a parent/child state use a dot, e.g. "about.sales", "home.newest".
     * @param {object} definition State configuration object.
     */
    this.state = state;
    function state(name, definition) {
      /*jshint validthis: true */
      if (isObject(name)) definition = name;
      else definition.name = name;
      registerState(definition);
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * @ngdoc object
     * @name ui.router.state.$state
     *
     * @requires $rootScope
     * @requires $q
     * @requires ui.router.state.$view
     * @requires $injector
     * @requires ui.router.util.$resolve
     * @requires ui.router.state.$stateParams
     * @requires ui.router.router.$urlRouter
     *
     * @property {object} params A param object, e.g. {sectionId: section.id)}, that
     * you"d like to test against the current active state.
     * @property {object} current A reference to the state"s config object. However
     * you passed it in. Useful for accessing custom data.
     * @property {object} transition Currently pending transition. A promise that"ll
     * resolve or reject.
     *
     * @description
     * `$state` service is responsible for representing states as well as transitioning
     * between them. It also provides interfaces to ask for current state or even states
     * you"re coming from.
     */
    this.$get = $get;
    $get.$inject = ["$rootScope", "$q", "$view", "$injector", "$resolve", "$stateParams", "$urlRouter"];
    function $get(   $rootScope,   $q,   $view,   $injector,   $resolve,   $stateParams,   $urlRouter) {

      var TransitionSuperseded = $q.reject(new Error("transition superseded"));
      var TransitionPrevented = $q.reject(new Error("transition prevented"));
      var TransitionAborted = $q.reject(new Error("transition aborted"));
      var TransitionFailed = $q.reject(new Error("transition failed"));

      // Handles the case where a state which is the target of a transition is not found, and the user
      // can optionally retry or defer the transition
      function handleRedirect(redirect, state, params, options) {
        /**
         * @ngdoc event
         * @name ui.router.state.$state#$stateNotFound
         * @eventOf ui.router.state.$state
         * @eventType broadcast on root scope
         * @description
         * Fired when a requested state **cannot be found** using the provided state name during transition.
         * The event is broadcast allowing any handlers a single chance to deal with the error (usually by
         * lazy-loading the unfound state). A special `unfoundState` object is passed to the listener handler,
         * you can see its three properties in the example. You can use `event.preventDefault()` to abort the
         * transition and the promise returned from `go` will be rejected with a `"transition aborted"` value.
         *
         * @param {Object} event Event object.
         * @param {Object} unfoundState Unfound State information. Contains: `to, toParams, options` properties.
         * @param {State} fromState Current state object.
         * @param {Object} fromParams Current state params.
         *
         * @example
         *
         * <pre>
         * // somewhere, assume lazy.state has not been defined
         * $state.go("lazy.state", {a:1, b:2}, {inherit:false});
         *
         * // somewhere else
         * $scope.$on("$stateNotFound",
         * function(event, unfoundState, fromState, fromParams){
         *     console.log(unfoundState.to); // "lazy.state"
         *     console.log(unfoundState.toParams); // {a:1, b:2}
         *     console.log(unfoundState.options); // {inherit:false} + default options
         * })
         * </pre>
         */
        var evt = $rootScope.$broadcast("$stateNotFound", redirect, state, params);

        if (evt.defaultPrevented) {
          $urlRouter.update();
          return TransitionAborted;
        }

        if (!evt.retry) {
          return null;
        }

        // Allow the handler to return a promise to defer state lookup retry
        if (options.$retry) {
          $urlRouter.update();
          return TransitionFailed;
        }
        var retryTransition = $state.transition = $q.when(evt.retry);

        retryTransition.then(function() {
          if (retryTransition !== $state.transition) return TransitionSuperseded;
          redirect.options.$retry = true;
          return $state.transitionTo(redirect.to, redirect.toParams, redirect.options);
        }, function() {
          return TransitionAborted;
        });
        $urlRouter.update();

        return retryTransition;
      }

      root.locals = { resolve: null, globals: { $stateParams: {} } };

      $state = {
        params: {},
        current: root.self,
        $current: root,
        transition: null
      };

      /**
       * @ngdoc function
       * @name ui.router.state.$state#reload
       * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
       *
       * @description
       * A method that force reloads the current state. All resolves are re-resolved, events are not re-fired,
       * and controllers reinstantiated (bug with controllers reinstantiating right now, fixing soon).
       *
       * @example
       * <pre>
       * var app angular.module("app", ["ui.router"]);
       *
       * app.controller("ctrl", function ($scope, $state) {
       *   $scope.reload = function(){
       *     $state.reload();
       *   }
       * });
       * </pre>
       *
       * `reload()` is just an alias for:
       * <pre>
       * $state.transitionTo($state.current, $stateParams, {
       *   reload: true, inherit: false, notify: false
       * });
       * </pre>
       */
      $state.reload = function reload() {
        $state.transitionTo($state.current, $stateParams, { reload: true, inherit: false, notify: false });
      };

      /**
       * @ngdoc function
       * @name ui.router.state.$state#go
       * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
       *
       * @description
       * Convenience method for transitioning to a new state. `$state.go` calls
       * `$state.transitionTo` internally but automatically sets options to
       * `{ location: true, inherit: true, relative: $state.$current, notify: true }`.
       * This allows you to easily use an absolute or relative to path and specify
       * only the parameters you"d like to update (while letting unspecified parameters
       * inherit from the currently active ancestor states).
       *
       * @example
       * <pre>
       * var app = angular.module("app", ["ui.router"]);
       *
       * app.controller("ctrl", function ($scope, $state) {
       *   $scope.changeState = function () {
       *     $state.go("contact.detail");
       *   };
       * });
       * </pre>
       * <img src="../ngdoc_assets/StateGoExamples.png"/>
       *
       * @param {string} to Absolute state name or relative state path. Some examples:
       *
       * - `$state.go("contact.detail")` - will go to the `contact.detail` state
       * - `$state.go("^")` - will go to a parent state
       * - `$state.go("^.sibling")` - will go to a sibling state
       * - `$state.go(".child.grandchild")` - will go to grandchild state
       *
       * @param {object=} params A map of the parameters that will be sent to the state,
       * will populate $stateParams. Any parameters that are not specified will be inherited from currently
       * defined parameters. This allows, for example, going to a sibling state that shares parameters
       * specified in a parent state. Parameter inheritance only works between common ancestor states, I.e.
       * transitioning to a sibling will get you the parameters for all parents, transitioning to a child
       * will get you all current parameters, etc.
       * @param {object=} options Options object. The options are:
       *
       * - **`location`** - {boolean=true|string=} - If `true` will update the url in the location bar, if `false`
       *    will not. If string, must be `"replace"`, which will update url and also replace last history record.
       * - **`inherit`** - {boolean=true}, If `true` will inherit url parameters from current url.
       * - **`relative`** - {object=$state.$current}, When transitioning with relative path (e.g "^"),
       *    defines which state to be relative from.
       * - **`notify`** - {boolean=true}, If `true` will broadcast $stateChangeStart and $stateChangeSuccess events.
       * - **`reload`** (v0.2.5) - {boolean=false}, If `true` will force transition even if the state or params
       *    have not changed, aka a reload of the same state. It differs from reloadOnSearch because you"d
       *    use this when you want to force a reload when *everything* is the same, including search params.
       *
       * @returns {promise} A promise representing the state of the new transition.
       *
       * Possible success values:
       *
       * - $state.current
       *
       * <br/>Possible rejection values:
       *
       * - "transition superseded" - when a newer transition has been started after this one
       * - "transition prevented" - when `event.preventDefault()` has been called in a `$stateChangeStart` listener
       * - "transition aborted" - when `event.preventDefault()` has been called in a `$stateNotFound` listener or
       *   when a `$stateNotFound` `event.retry` promise errors.
       * - "transition failed" - when a state has been unsuccessfully found after 2 tries.
       * - *resolve error* - when an error has occurred with a `resolve`
       *
       */
      $state.go = function go(to, params, options) {
        return $state.transitionTo(to, params, extend({ inherit: true, relative: $state.$current }, options));
      };

      /**
       * @ngdoc function
       * @name ui.router.state.$state#transitionTo
       * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
       *
       * @description
       * Low-level method for transitioning to a new state. {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_go $state.go}
       * uses `transitionTo` internally. `$state.go` is recommended in most situations.
       *
       * @example
       * <pre>
       * var app = angular.module("app", ["ui.router"]);
       *
       * app.controller("ctrl", function ($scope, $state) {
       *   $scope.changeState = function () {
       *     $state.transitionTo("contact.detail");
       *   };
       * });
       * </pre>
       *
       * @param {string} to State name.
       * @param {object=} toParams A map of the parameters that will be sent to the state,
       * will populate $stateParams.
       * @param {object=} options Options object. The options are:
       *
       * - **`location`** - {boolean=true|string=} - If `true` will update the url in the location bar, if `false`
       *    will not. If string, must be `"replace"`, which will update url and also replace last history record.
       * - **`inherit`** - {boolean=false}, If `true` will inherit url parameters from current url.
       * - **`relative`** - {object=}, When transitioning with relative path (e.g "^"),
       *    defines which state to be relative from.
       * - **`notify`** - {boolean=true}, If `true` will broadcast $stateChangeStart and $stateChangeSuccess events.
       * - **`reload`** (v0.2.5) - {boolean=false}, If `true` will force transition even if the state or params
       *    have not changed, aka a reload of the same state. It differs from reloadOnSearch because you"d
       *    use this when you want to force a reload when *everything* is the same, including search params.
       *
       * @returns {promise} A promise representing the state of the new transition. See
       * {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_go $state.go}.
       */
      $state.transitionTo = function transitionTo(to, toParams, options) {
        toParams = toParams || {};
        options = extend({
          location: true, inherit: false, relative: null, notify: true, reload: false, $retry: false
        }, options || {});

        var from = $state.$current, fromParams = $state.params, fromPath = from.path;
        var evt, toState = findState(to, options.relative);

        if (!isDefined(toState)) {
          var redirect = { to: to, toParams: toParams, options: options };
          var redirectResult = handleRedirect(redirect, from.self, fromParams, options);

          if (redirectResult) {
            return redirectResult;
          }

          // Always retry once if the $stateNotFound was not prevented
          // (handles either redirect changed or state lazy-definition)
          to = redirect.to;
          toParams = redirect.toParams;
          options = redirect.options;
          toState = findState(to, options.relative);

          if (!isDefined(toState)) {
            if (!options.relative) throw new Error("No such state '" + to + "'");
            throw new Error("Could not resolve '" + to + "' from state '" + options.relative + "'");
          }
        }
        if (toState[abstractKey]) throw new Error("Cannot transition to abstract state '" + to + "'");
        if (options.inherit) toParams = inheritParams($stateParams, toParams || {}, $state.$current, toState);
        to = toState;

        var toPath = to.path;

        // Starting from the root of the path, keep all levels that haven"t changed
        var keep = 0, state = toPath[keep], locals = root.locals, toLocals = [];

        if (!options.reload) {
          while (state && state === fromPath[keep] && equalForKeys(toParams, fromParams, state.ownParams)) {
            locals = toLocals[keep] = state.locals;
            keep++;
            state = toPath[keep];
          }
        }

        // If we"re going to the same state and all locals are kept, we"ve got nothing to do.
        // But clear "transition", as we still want to cancel any other pending transitions.
        // TODO: We may not want to bump "transition" if we"re called from a location change
        // that we"ve initiated ourselves, because we might accidentally abort a legitimate
        // transition initiated from code?
        if (shouldTriggerReload(to, from, locals, options)) {
          if (to.self.reloadOnSearch !== false) $urlRouter.update();
          $state.transition = null;
          return $q.when($state.current);
        }

        // Filter parameters before we pass them to event handlers etc.
        toParams = filterByKeys(objectKeys(to.params), toParams || {});

        // Broadcast start event and cancel the transition if requested
        if (options.notify) {
          /**
           * @ngdoc event
           * @name ui.router.state.$state#$stateChangeStart
           * @eventOf ui.router.state.$state
           * @eventType broadcast on root scope
           * @description
           * Fired when the state transition **begins**. You can use `event.preventDefault()`
           * to prevent the transition from happening and then the transition promise will be
           * rejected with a `"transition prevented"` value.
           *
           * @param {Object} event Event object.
           * @param {State} toState The state being transitioned to.
           * @param {Object} toParams The params supplied to the `toState`.
           * @param {State} fromState The current state, pre-transition.
           * @param {Object} fromParams The params supplied to the `fromState`.
           *
           * @example
           *
           * <pre>
           * $rootScope.$on("$stateChangeStart",
           * function(event, toState, toParams, fromState, fromParams){
           *     event.preventDefault();
           *     // transitionTo() promise will be rejected with
           *     // a "transition prevented" error
           * })
           * </pre>
           */
          if ($rootScope.$broadcast("$stateChangeStart", to.self, toParams, from.self, fromParams).defaultPrevented) {
            $urlRouter.update();
            return TransitionPrevented;
          }
        }

        // Resolve locals for the remaining states, but don"t update any global state just
        // yet -- if anything fails to resolve the current state needs to remain untouched.
        // We also set up an inheritance chain for the locals here. This allows the view directive
        // to quickly look up the correct definition for each view in the current state. Even
        // though we create the locals object itself outside resolveState(), it is initially
        // empty and gets filled asynchronously. We need to keep track of the promise for the
        // (fully resolved) current locals, and pass this down the chain.
        var resolved = $q.when(locals);

        for (var l = keep; l < toPath.length; l++, state = toPath[l]) {
          locals = toLocals[l] = inherit(locals);
          resolved = resolveState(state, toParams, state === to, resolved, locals);
        }

        // Once everything is resolved, we are ready to perform the actual transition
        // and return a promise for the new state. We also keep track of what the
        // current promise is, so that we can detect overlapping transitions and
        // keep only the outcome of the last transition.
        var transition = $state.transition = resolved.then(function () {
          var l, entering, exiting;

          if ($state.transition !== transition) return TransitionSuperseded;

          // Exit "from" states not kept
          for (l = fromPath.length - 1; l >= keep; l--) {
            exiting = fromPath[l];
            if (exiting.self.onExit) {
              $injector.invoke(exiting.self.onExit, exiting.self, exiting.locals.globals);
            }
            exiting.locals = null;
          }

          // Enter "to" states not kept
          for (l = keep; l < toPath.length; l++) {
            entering = toPath[l];
            entering.locals = toLocals[l];
            if (entering.self.onEnter) {
              $injector.invoke(entering.self.onEnter, entering.self, entering.locals.globals);
            }
          }

          // Run it again, to catch any transitions in callbacks
          if ($state.transition !== transition) return TransitionSuperseded;

          // Update globals in $state
          $state.$current = to;
          $state.current = to.self;
          $state.params = toParams;
          copy($state.params, $stateParams);
          $state.transition = null;

          if (options.location && to.navigable) {
            $urlRouter.push(to.navigable.url, to.navigable.locals.globals.$stateParams, {
              replace: options.location === "replace"
            });
          }

          if (options.notify) {
          /**
           * @ngdoc event
           * @name ui.router.state.$state#$stateChangeSuccess
           * @eventOf ui.router.state.$state
           * @eventType broadcast on root scope
           * @description
           * Fired once the state transition is **complete**.
           *
           * @param {Object} event Event object.
           * @param {State} toState The state being transitioned to.
           * @param {Object} toParams The params supplied to the `toState`.
           * @param {State} fromState The current state, pre-transition.
           * @param {Object} fromParams The params supplied to the `fromState`.
           */
            $rootScope.$broadcast("$stateChangeSuccess", to.self, toParams, from.self, fromParams);
          }
          $urlRouter.update(true);

          return $state.current;
        }, function (error) {
          if ($state.transition !== transition) return TransitionSuperseded;

          $state.transition = null;
          /**
           * @ngdoc event
           * @name ui.router.state.$state#$stateChangeError
           * @eventOf ui.router.state.$state
           * @eventType broadcast on root scope
           * @description
           * Fired when an **error occurs** during transition. It"s important to note that if you
           * have any errors in your resolve functions (javascript errors, non-existent services, etc)
           * they will not throw traditionally. You must listen for this $stateChangeError event to
           * catch **ALL** errors.
           *
           * @param {Object} event Event object.
           * @param {State} toState The state being transitioned to.
           * @param {Object} toParams The params supplied to the `toState`.
           * @param {State} fromState The current state, pre-transition.
           * @param {Object} fromParams The params supplied to the `fromState`.
           * @param {Error} error The resolve error object.
           */
          evt = $rootScope.$broadcast("$stateChangeError", to.self, toParams, from.self, fromParams, error);

          if (!evt.defaultPrevented) {
              $urlRouter.update();
          }

          return $q.reject(error);
        });

        return transition;
      };

      /**
       * @ngdoc function
       * @name ui.router.state.$state#is
       * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
       *
       * @description
       * Similar to {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_includes $state.includes},
       * but only checks for the full state name. If params is supplied then it will be
       * tested for strict equality against the current active params object, so all params
       * must match with none missing and no extras.
       *
       * @example
       * <pre>
       * $state.$current.name = "contacts.details.item";
       *
       * // absolute name
       * $state.is("contact.details.item"); // returns true
       * $state.is(contactDetailItemStateObject); // returns true
       *
       * // relative name (. and ^), typically from a template
       * // E.g. from the "contacts.details" template
       * <div ng-class="{highlighted: $state.is(".item")}">Item</div>
       * </pre>
       *
       * @param {string|object} stateName The state name (absolute or relative) or state object you"d like to check.
       * @param {object=} params A param object, e.g. `{sectionId: section.id}`, that you"d like
       * to test against the current active state.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns true if it is the state.
       */
      $state.is = function is(stateOrName, params) {
        var state = findState(stateOrName);

        if (!isDefined(state)) {
          return undefined;
        }

        if ($state.$current !== state) {
          return false;
        }

        return isDefined(params) && params !== null ? angular.equals($stateParams, params) : true;
      };

      /**
       * @ngdoc function
       * @name ui.router.state.$state#includes
       * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
       *
       * @description
       * A method to determine if the current active state is equal to or is the child of the
       * state stateName. If any params are passed then they will be tested for a match as well.
       * Not all the parameters need to be passed, just the ones you"d like to test for equality.
       *
       * @example
       * Partial and relative names
       * <pre>
       * $state.$current.name = "contacts.details.item";
       *
       * // Using partial names
       * $state.includes("contacts"); // returns true
       * $state.includes("contacts.details"); // returns true
       * $state.includes("contacts.details.item"); // returns true
       * $state.includes("contacts.list"); // returns false
       * $state.includes("about"); // returns false
       *
       * // Using relative names (. and ^), typically from a template
       * // E.g. from the "contacts.details" template
       * <div ng-class="{highlighted: $state.includes(".item")}">Item</div>
       * </pre>
       *
       * Basic globbing patterns
       * <pre>
       * $state.$current.name = "contacts.details.item.url";
       *
       * $state.includes("*.details.*.*"); // returns true
       * $state.includes("*.details.**"); // returns true
       * $state.includes("**.item.**"); // returns true
       * $state.includes("*.details.item.url"); // returns true
       * $state.includes("*.details.*.url"); // returns true
       * $state.includes("*.details.*"); // returns false
       * $state.includes("item.**"); // returns false
       * </pre>
       *
       * @param {string} stateOrName A partial name, relative name, or glob pattern
       * to be searched for within the current state name.
       * @param {object} params A param object, e.g. `{sectionId: section.id}`,
       * that you"d like to test against the current active state.
       * @returns {boolean} Returns true if it does include the state
       */
      $state.includes = function includes(stateOrName, params) {
        if (isString(stateOrName) && isGlob(stateOrName)) {
          if (!doesStateMatchGlob(stateOrName)) {
            return false;
          }
          stateOrName = $state.$current.name;
        }
        var state = findState(stateOrName);

        if (!isDefined(state)) {
          return undefined;
        }
        if (!isDefined($state.$current.includes[state.name])) {
          return false;
        }
        return equalForKeys(params, $stateParams);
      };


      /**
       * @ngdoc function
       * @name ui.router.state.$state#href
       * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
       *
       * @description
       * A url generation method that returns the compiled url for the given state populated with the given params.
       *
       * @example
       * <pre>
       * expect($state.href("about.person", { person: "bob" })).toEqual("/about/bob");
       * </pre>
       *
       * @param {string|object} stateOrName The state name or state object you"d like to generate a url from.
       * @param {object=} params An object of parameter values to fill the state"s required parameters.
       * @param {object=} options Options object. The options are:
       *
       * - **`lossy`** - {boolean=true} -  If true, and if there is no url associated with the state provided in the
       *    first parameter, then the constructed href url will be built from the first navigable ancestor (aka
       *    ancestor with a valid url).
       * - **`inherit`** - {boolean=true}, If `true` will inherit url parameters from current url.
       * - **`relative`** - {object=$state.$current}, When transitioning with relative path (e.g "^"),
       *    defines which state to be relative from.
       * - **`absolute`** - {boolean=false},  If true will generate an absolute url, e.g. "http://www.example.com/fullurl".
       *
       * @returns {string} compiled state url
       */
      $state.href = function href(stateOrName, params, options) {
        options = extend({
          lossy:    true,
          inherit:  true,
          absolute: false,
          relative: $state.$current
        }, options || {});

        var state = findState(stateOrName, options.relative);

        if (!isDefined(state)) return null;
        if (options.inherit) params = inheritParams($stateParams, params || {}, $state.$current, state);

        var nav = (state && options.lossy) ? state.navigable : state;

        if (!nav || !nav.url) {
          return null;
        }
        return $urlRouter.href(nav.url, filterByKeys(objectKeys(state.params), params || {}), {
          absolute: options.absolute
        });
      };

      /**
       * @ngdoc function
       * @name ui.router.state.$state#get
       * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
       *
       * @description
       * Returns the state configuration object for any specific state or all states.
       *
       * @param {string|Sbject=} stateOrName (absolute or relative) If provided, will only get the config for
       * the requested state. If not provided, returns an array of ALL state configs.
       * @returns {Object|Array} State configuration object or array of all objects.
       */
      $state.get = function (stateOrName, context) {
        if (arguments.length === 0) return objectKeys(states).map(function(name) { return states[name].self; });
        var state = findState(stateOrName, context);
        return (state && state.self) ? state.self : null;
      };

      function resolveState(state, params, paramsAreFiltered, inherited, dst) {
        // Make a restricted $stateParams with only the parameters that apply to this state if
        // necessary. In addition to being available to the controller and onEnter/onExit callbacks,
        // we also need $stateParams to be available for any $injector calls we make during the
        // dependency resolution process.
        var $stateParams = (paramsAreFiltered) ? params : filterByKeys(objectKeys(state.params), params);
        var locals = { $stateParams: $stateParams };

        // Resolve "global" dependencies for the state, i.e. those not specific to a view.
        // We"re also including $stateParams in this; that way the parameters are restricted
        // to the set that should be visible to the state, and are independent of when we update
        // the global $state and $stateParams values.
        dst.resolve = $resolve.resolve(state.resolve, locals, dst.resolve, state);
        var promises = [dst.resolve.then(function (globals) {
          dst.globals = globals;
        })];
        if (inherited) promises.push(inherited);

        // Resolve template and dependencies for all views.
        forEach(state.views, function (view, name) {
          var injectables = (view.resolve && view.resolve !== state.resolve ? view.resolve : {});
          injectables.$template = [ function () {
            return $view.load(name, { view: view, locals: locals, params: $stateParams }) || "";
          }];

          promises.push($resolve.resolve(injectables, locals, dst.resolve, state).then(function (result) {
            // References to the controller (only instantiated at link time)
            if (isFunction(view.controllerProvider) || isArray(view.controllerProvider)) {
              var injectLocals = angular.extend({}, injectables, locals);
              result.$$controller = $injector.invoke(view.controllerProvider, null, injectLocals);
            } else {
              result.$$controller = view.controller;
            }
            // Provide access to the state itself for internal use
            result.$$state = state;
            result.$$controllerAs = view.controllerAs;
            dst[name] = result;
          }));
        });

        // Wait for all the promises and then return the activation object
        return $q.all(promises).then(function (values) {
          return dst;
        });
      }

      return $state;
    }

    function shouldTriggerReload(to, from, locals, options) {
      if (to === from && ((locals === from.locals && !options.reload) || (to.self.reloadOnSearch === false))) {
        return true;
      }
    }
  }

  angular.module("ui.router.state")
    .value("$stateParams", {})
    .provider("$state", $StateProvider);


  $ViewProvider.$inject = [];
  function $ViewProvider() {

    this.$get = $get;
    /**
     * @ngdoc object
     * @name ui.router.state.$view
     *
     * @requires ui.router.util.$templateFactory
     * @requires $rootScope
     *
     * @description
     *
     */
    $get.$inject = ["$rootScope", "$templateFactory"];
    function $get(   $rootScope,   $templateFactory) {
      return {
        // $view.load("full.viewName", { template: ..., controller: ..., resolve: ..., async: false, params: ... })
        /**
         * @ngdoc function
         * @name ui.router.state.$view#load
         * @methodOf ui.router.state.$view
         *
         * @description
         *
         * @param {string} name name
         * @param {object} options option object.
         */
        load: function load(name, options) {
          var result, defaults = {
            template: null, controller: null, view: null, locals: null, notify: true, async: true, params: {}
          };
          options = extend(defaults, options);

          if (options.view) {
            result = $templateFactory.fromConfig(options.view, options.params, options.locals);
          }
          if (result && options.notify) {
          /**
           * @ngdoc event
           * @name ui.router.state.$state#$viewContentLoading
           * @eventOf ui.router.state.$view
           * @eventType broadcast on root scope
           * @description
           *
           * Fired once the view **begins loading**, *before* the DOM is rendered.
           *
           * @param {Object} event Event object.
           * @param {Object} viewConfig The view config properties (template, controller, etc).
           *
           * @example
           *
           * <pre>
           * $scope.$on("$viewContentLoading",
           * function(event, viewConfig){
           *     // Access to all the view config properties.
           *     // and one special property "targetView"
           *     // viewConfig.targetView
           * });
           * </pre>
           */
            $rootScope.$broadcast("$viewContentLoading", options);
          }
          return result;
        }
      };
    }
  }

  angular.module("ui.router.state").provider("$view", $ViewProvider);

  /**
   * @ngdoc object
   * @name ui.router.state.$uiViewScrollProvider
   *
   * @description
   * Provider that returns the {@link ui.router.state.$uiViewScroll} service function.
   */
  function $ViewScrollProvider() {

    var useAnchorScroll = false;

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.state.$uiViewScrollProvider#useAnchorScroll
     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$uiViewScrollProvider
     *
     * @description
     * Reverts back to using the core [`$anchorScroll`](http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$anchorScroll) service for
     * scrolling based on the url anchor.
     */
    this.useAnchorScroll = function () {
      useAnchorScroll = true;
    };

    /**
     * @ngdoc object
     * @name ui.router.state.$uiViewScroll
     *
     * @requires $anchorScroll
     * @requires $timeout
     *
     * @description
     * When called with a jqLite element, it scrolls the element into view (after a
     * `$timeout` so the DOM has time to refresh).
     *
     * If you prefer to rely on `$anchorScroll` to scroll the view to the anchor,
     * this can be enabled by calling {@link ui.router.state.$uiViewScrollProvider#methods_useAnchorScroll `$uiViewScrollProvider.useAnchorScroll()`}.
     */
    this.$get = ["$anchorScroll", "$timeout", function ($anchorScroll, $timeout) {
      if (useAnchorScroll) {
        return $anchorScroll;
      }

      return function ($element) {
        $timeout(function () {
          $element[0].scrollIntoView();
        }, 0, false);
      };
    }];
  }

  angular.module("ui.router.state").provider("$uiViewScroll", $ViewScrollProvider);

  /**
   * @ngdoc directive
   * @name ui.router.state.directive:ui-view
   *
   * @requires ui.router.state.$state
   * @requires $compile
   * @requires $controller
   * @requires $injector
   * @requires ui.router.state.$uiViewScroll
   * @requires $document
   *
   * @restrict ECA
   *
   * @description
   * The ui-view directive tells $state where to place your templates.
   *
   * @param {string=} ui-view A view name. The name should be unique amongst the other views in the
   * same state. You can have views of the same name that live in different states.
   *
   * @param {string=} autoscroll It allows you to set the scroll behavior of the browser window
   * when a view is populated. By default, $anchorScroll is overridden by ui-router"s custom scroll
   * service, {@link ui.router.state.$uiViewScroll}. This custom service let"s you
   * scroll ui-view elements into view when they are populated during a state activation.
   *
   * *Note: To revert back to old [`$anchorScroll`](http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$anchorScroll)
   * functionality, call `$uiViewScrollProvider.useAnchorScroll()`.*
   *
   * @param {string=} onload Expression to evaluate whenever the view updates.
   *
   * @example
   * A view can be unnamed or named.
   * <pre>
   * <!-- Unnamed -->
   * <div ui-view></div>
   *
   * <!-- Named -->
   * <div ui-view="viewName"></div>
   * </pre>
   *
   * You can only have one unnamed view within any template (or root html). If you are only using a
   * single view and it is unnamed then you can populate it like so:
   * <pre>
   * <div ui-view></div>
   * $stateProvider.state("home", {
   *   template: "<h1>HELLO!</h1>"
   * })
   * </pre>
   *
   * The above is a convenient shortcut equivalent to specifying your view explicitly with the {@link ui.router.state.$stateProvider#views `views`}
   * config property, by name, in this case an empty name:
   * <pre>
   * $stateProvider.state("home", {
   *   views: {
   *     "": {
   *       template: "<h1>HELLO!</h1>"
   *     }
   *   }
   * })
   * </pre>
   *
   * But typically you"ll only use the views property if you name your view or have more than one view
   * in the same template. There"s not really a compelling reason to name a view if its the only one,
   * but you could if you wanted, like so:
   * <pre>
   * <div ui-view="main"></div>
   * </pre>
   * <pre>
   * $stateProvider.state("home", {
   *   views: {
   *     "main": {
   *       template: "<h1>HELLO!</h1>"
   *     }
   *   }
   * })
   * </pre>
   *
   * Really though, you"ll use views to set up multiple views:
   * <pre>
   * <div ui-view></div>
   * <div ui-view="chart"></div>
   * <div ui-view="data"></div>
   * </pre>
   *
   * <pre>
   * $stateProvider.state("home", {
   *   views: {
   *     "": {
   *       template: "<h1>HELLO!</h1>"
   *     },
   *     "chart": {
   *       template: "<chart_thing/>"
   *     },
   *     "data": {
   *       template: "<data_thing/>"
   *     }
   *   }
   * })
   * </pre>
   *
   * Examples for `autoscroll`:
   *
   * <pre>
   * <!-- If autoscroll present with no expression,
   *      then scroll ui-view into view -->
   * <ui-view autoscroll/>
   *
   * <!-- If autoscroll present with valid expression,
   *      then scroll ui-view into view if expression evaluates to true -->
   * <ui-view autoscroll="true"/>
   * <ui-view autoscroll="false"/>
   * <ui-view autoscroll="scopeVariable"/>
   * </pre>
   */
  $ViewDirective.$inject = ["$state", "$injector", "$uiViewScroll"];
  function $ViewDirective(   $state,   $injector,   $uiViewScroll) {

    function getService() {
      return ($injector.has) ? function(service) {
        return $injector.has(service) ? $injector.get(service) : null;
      } : function(service) {
        try {
          return $injector.get(service);
        } catch (e) {
          return null;
        }
      };
    }

    var service = getService(),
        $animator = service("$animator"),
        $animate = service("$animate");

    // Returns a set of DOM manipulation functions based on which Angular version
    // it should use
    function getRenderer(attrs, scope) {
      var statics = function() {
        return {
          enter: function (element, target, cb) { target.after(element); cb(); },
          leave: function (element, cb) { element.remove(); cb(); }
        };
      };

      if ($animate) {
        return {
          enter: function(element, target, cb) { $animate.enter(element, null, target, cb); },
          leave: function(element, cb) { $animate.leave(element, cb); }
        };
      }

      if ($animator) {
        var animate = $animator && $animator(scope, attrs);

        return {
          enter: function(element, target, cb) {animate.enter(element, null, target); cb(); },
          leave: function(element, cb) { animate.leave(element); cb(); }
        };
      }

      return statics();
    }

    var directive = {
      restrict: "ECA",
      terminal: true,
      priority: 400,
      transclude: "element",
      compile: function (tElement, tAttrs, $transclude) {
        return function (scope, $element, attrs) {
          var previousEl, currentEl, currentScope, latestLocals,
              onloadExp     = attrs.onload || "",
              autoScrollExp = attrs.autoscroll,
              renderer      = getRenderer(attrs, scope);

          scope.$on("$stateChangeSuccess", function() {
            updateView(false);
          });
          scope.$on("$viewContentLoading", function() {
            updateView(false);
          });

          updateView(true);

          function cleanupLastView() {
            if (previousEl) {
              previousEl.remove();
              previousEl = null;
            }

            if (currentScope) {
              currentScope.$destroy();
              currentScope = null;
            }

            if (currentEl) {
              renderer.leave(currentEl, function() {
                previousEl = null;
              });

              previousEl = currentEl;
              currentEl = null;
            }
          }

          function updateView(firstTime) {
            var newScope,
                name            = getUiViewName(attrs, $element.inheritedData("$uiView")),
                previousLocals  = name && $state.$current && $state.$current.locals[name];

            if (!firstTime && previousLocals === latestLocals) return; // nothing to do
            newScope = scope.$new();
            latestLocals = $state.$current.locals[name];

            var clone = $transclude(newScope, function(clone) {
              renderer.enter(clone, $element, function onUiViewEnter() {
                if (angular.isDefined(autoScrollExp) && !autoScrollExp || scope.$eval(autoScrollExp)) {
                  $uiViewScroll(clone);
                }
              });
              cleanupLastView();
            });

            currentEl = clone;
            currentScope = newScope;
            /**
             * @ngdoc event
             * @name ui.router.state.directive:ui-view#$viewContentLoaded
             * @eventOf ui.router.state.directive:ui-view
             * @eventType emits on ui-view directive scope
             * @description           *
             * Fired once the view is **loaded**, *after* the DOM is rendered.
             *
             * @param {Object} event Event object.
             */
            currentScope.$emit("$viewContentLoaded");
            currentScope.$eval(onloadExp);
          }
        };
      }
    };

    return directive;
  }

  $ViewDirectiveFill.$inject = ["$compile", "$controller", "$state"];
  function $ViewDirectiveFill ($compile, $controller, $state) {
    return {
      restrict: "ECA",
      priority: -400,
      compile: function (tElement) {
        var initial = tElement.html();
        return function (scope, $element, attrs) {
          var current = $state.$current,
              name = getUiViewName(attrs, $element.inheritedData("$uiView")),
              locals  = current && current.locals[name];

          if (! locals) {
            return;
          }

          $element.data("$uiView", { name: name, state: locals.$$state });
          $element.html(locals.$template ? locals.$template : initial);

          var link = $compile($element.contents());

          if (locals.$$controller) {
            locals.$scope = scope;
            var controller = $controller(locals.$$controller, locals);
            if (locals.$$controllerAs) {
              scope[locals.$$controllerAs] = controller;
            }
            $element.data("$ngControllerController", controller);
            $element.children().data("$ngControllerController", controller);
          }

          link(scope);
        };
      }
    };
  }

  /**
   * Shared ui-view code for both directives:
   * Given attributes and inherited $uiView data, return the view"s name
   */
  function getUiViewName(attrs, inherited) {
    var name = attrs.uiView || attrs.name || "";
    return name.indexOf("@") >= 0 ?  name :  (name + "@" + (inherited ? inherited.state.name : ""));
  }

  angular.module("ui.router.state").directive("uiView", $ViewDirective);
  angular.module("ui.router.state").directive("uiView", $ViewDirectiveFill);

  function parseStateRef(ref, current) {
    var preparsed = ref.match(/^\s*({[^}]*})\s*$/), parsed;
    if (preparsed) ref = current + "(" + preparsed[1] + ")";
    parsed = ref.replace(/\n/g, " ").match(/^([^(]+?)\s*(\((.*)\))?$/);
    if (!parsed || parsed.length !== 4) throw new Error("Invalid state ref '" + ref + "'");
    return { state: parsed[1], paramExpr: parsed[3] || null };
  }

  function stateContext(el) {
    var stateData = el.parent().inheritedData("$uiView");

    if (stateData && stateData.state && stateData.state.name) {
      return stateData.state;
    }
  }

  /**
   * @ngdoc directive
   * @name ui.router.state.directive:ui-sref
   *
   * @requires ui.router.state.$state
   * @requires $timeout
   *
   * @restrict A
   *
   * @description
   * A directive that binds a link (`<a>` tag) to a state. If the state has an associated
   * URL, the directive will automatically generate & update the `href` attribute via
   * the {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_href $state.href()} method. Clicking
   * the link will trigger a state transition with optional parameters.
   *
   * Also middle-clicking, right-clicking, and ctrl-clicking on the link will be
   * handled natively by the browser.
   *
   * You can also use relative state paths within ui-sref, just like the relative
   * paths passed to `$state.go()`. You just need to be aware that the path is relative
   * to the state that the link lives in, in other words the state that loaded the
   * template containing the link.
   *
   * You can specify options to pass to {@link ui.router.state.$state#go $state.go()}
   * using the `ui-sref-opts` attribute. Options are restricted to `location`, `inherit`,
   * and `reload`.
   *
   * @example
   * Here"s an example of how you"d use ui-sref and how it would compile. If you have the
   * following template:
   * <pre>
   * <a ui-sref="home">Home</a> | <a ui-sref="about">About</a> | <a ui-sref="{page: 2}">Next page</a>
   *
   * <ul>
   *     <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
   *         <a ui-sref="contacts.detail({ id: contact.id })">{{ contact.name }}</a>
   *     </li>
   * </ul>
   * </pre>
   *
   * Then the compiled html would be (assuming Html5Mode is off and current state is contacts):
   * <pre>
   * <a href="#/home" ui-sref="home">Home</a> | <a href="#/about" ui-sref="about">About</a> | <a href="#/contacts?page=2" ui-sref="{page: 2}">Next page</a>
   *
   * <ul>
   *     <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
   *         <a href="#/contacts/1" ui-sref="contacts.detail({ id: contact.id })">Joe</a>
   *     </li>
   *     <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
   *         <a href="#/contacts/2" ui-sref="contacts.detail({ id: contact.id })">Alice</a>
   *     </li>
   *     <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
   *         <a href="#/contacts/3" ui-sref="contacts.detail({ id: contact.id })">Bob</a>
   *     </li>
   * </ul>
   *
   * <a ui-sref="home" ui-sref-opts="{reload: true}">Home</a>
   * </pre>
   *
   * @param {string} ui-sref "stateName" can be any valid absolute or relative state
   * @param {Object} ui-sref-opts options to pass to {@link ui.router.state.$state#go $state.go()}
   */
  $StateRefDirective.$inject = ["$state", "$timeout"];
  function $StateRefDirective($state, $timeout) {
    var allowedOptions = ["location", "inherit", "reload"];

    return {
      restrict: "A",
      require: ["?^uiSrefActive", "?^uiSrefActiveEq"],
      link: function(scope, element, attrs, uiSrefActive) {
        var ref = parseStateRef(attrs.uiSref, $state.current.name);
        var params = null, url = null, base = stateContext(element) || $state.$current;
        var isForm = element[0].nodeName === "FORM";
        var attr = isForm ? "action" : "href", nav = true;

        var options = { relative: base, inherit: true };
        var optionsOverride = scope.$eval(attrs.uiSrefOpts) || {};

        angular.forEach(allowedOptions, function(option) {
          if (option in optionsOverride) {
            options[option] = optionsOverride[option];
          }
        });

        var update = function(newVal) {
          if (newVal) params = newVal;
          if (!nav) return;

          var newHref = $state.href(ref.state, params, options);

          var activeDirective = uiSrefActive[1] || uiSrefActive[0];
          if (activeDirective) {
            activeDirective.$$setStateInfo(ref.state, params);
          }
          if (newHref === null) {
            nav = false;
            return false;
          }
          element[0][attr] = newHref;
        };

        if (ref.paramExpr) {
          scope.$watch(ref.paramExpr, function(newVal, oldVal) {
            if (newVal !== params) update(newVal);
          }, true);
          params = scope.$eval(ref.paramExpr);
        }
        update();

        if (isForm) return;

        element.bind("click", function(e) {
          var button = e.which || e.button;
          if ( !(button > 1 || e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey || e.shiftKey || element.attr("target")) ) {
            // HACK: This is to allow ng-clicks to be processed before the transition is initiated:
            var transition = $timeout(function() {
              $state.go(ref.state, params, options);
            });
            e.preventDefault();

            e.preventDefault = function() {
              $timeout.cancel(transition);
            };
          }
        });
      }
    };
  }

  /**
   * @ngdoc directive
   * @name ui.router.state.directive:ui-sref-active
   *
   * @requires ui.router.state.$state
   * @requires ui.router.state.$stateParams
   * @requires $interpolate
   *
   * @restrict A
   *
   * @description
   * A directive working alongside ui-sref to add classes to an element when the
   * related ui-sref directive"s state is active, and removing them when it is inactive.
   * The primary use-case is to simplify the special appearance of navigation menus
   * relying on `ui-sref`, by having the "active" state"s menu button appear different,
   * distinguishing it from the inactive menu items.
   *
   * ui-sref-active can live on the same element as ui-sref or on a parent element. The first
   * ui-sref-active found at the same level or above the ui-sref will be used.
   *
   * Will activate when the ui-sref"s target state or any child state is active. If you
   * need to activate only when the ui-sref target state is active and *not* any of
   * it"s children, then you will use
   * {@link ui.router.state.directive:ui-sref-active-eq ui-sref-active-eq}
   *
   * @example
   * Given the following template:
   * <pre>
   * <ul>
   *   <li ui-sref-active="active" class="item">
   *     <a href ui-sref="app.user({user: "bilbobaggins"})">@bilbobaggins</a>
   *   </li>
   * </ul>
   * </pre>
   *
   *
   * When the app state is "app.user" (or any children states), and contains the state parameter "user" with value "bilbobaggins",
   * the resulting HTML will appear as (note the "active" class):
   * <pre>
   * <ul>
   *   <li ui-sref-active="active" class="item active">
   *     <a ui-sref="app.user({user: "bilbobaggins"})" href="/users/bilbobaggins">@bilbobaggins</a>
   *   </li>
   * </ul>
   * </pre>
   *
   * The class name is interpolated **once** during the directives link time (any further changes to the
   * interpolated value are ignored).
   *
   * Multiple classes may be specified in a space-separated format:
   * <pre>
   * <ul>
   *   <li ui-sref-active="class1 class2 class3">
   *     <a ui-sref="app.user">link</a>
   *   </li>
   * </ul>
   * </pre>
   */

  /**
   * @ngdoc directive
   * @name ui.router.state.directive:ui-sref-active-eq
   *
   * @requires ui.router.state.$state
   * @requires ui.router.state.$stateParams
   * @requires $interpolate
   *
   * @restrict A
   *
   * @description
   * The same as {@link ui.router.state.directive:ui-sref-active ui-sref-active} but will will only activate
   * when the exact target state used in the `ui-sref` is active; no child states.
   *
   */
  $StateRefActiveDirective.$inject = ["$state", "$stateParams", "$interpolate"];
  function $StateRefActiveDirective($state, $stateParams, $interpolate) {
    return  {
      restrict: "A",
      controller: ["$scope", "$element", "$attrs", function ($scope, $element, $attrs) {
        var state, params, activeClass;

        // There probably isn"t much point in $observing this
        // uiSrefActive and uiSrefActiveEq share the same directive object with some
        // slight difference in logic routing
        activeClass = $interpolate($attrs.uiSrefActiveEq || $attrs.uiSrefActive || "", false)($scope);

        // Allow uiSref to communicate with uiSrefActive[Equals]
        this.$$setStateInfo = function (newState, newParams) {
          state = $state.get(newState, stateContext($element));
          params = newParams;
          update();
        };

        $scope.$on("$stateChangeSuccess", update);

        // Update route state
        function update() {
          if (isMatch()) {
            $element.addClass(activeClass);
          } else {
            $element.removeClass(activeClass);
          }
        }

        function isMatch() {
          if (typeof $attrs.uiSrefActiveEq !== "undefined") {
            return $state.$current.self === state && matchesParams();
          } else {
            return $state.includes(state.name) && matchesParams();
          }
        }

        function matchesParams() {
          return !params || equalForKeys(params, $stateParams);
        }
      }]
    };
  }

  angular.module("ui.router.state")
    .directive("uiSref", $StateRefDirective)
    .directive("uiSrefActive", $StateRefActiveDirective)
    .directive("uiSrefActiveEq", $StateRefActiveDirective);

  /**
   * @ngdoc filter
   * @name ui.router.state.filter:isState
   *
   * @requires ui.router.state.$state
   *
   * @description
   * Translates to {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_is $state.is("stateName")}.
   */
  $IsStateFilter.$inject = ["$state"];
  function $IsStateFilter($state) {
    return function(state) {
      return $state.is(state);
    };
  }

  /**
   * @ngdoc filter
   * @name ui.router.state.filter:includedByState
   *
   * @requires ui.router.state.$state
   *
   * @description
   * Translates to {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_includes $state.includes("fullOrPartialStateName")}.
   */
  $IncludedByStateFilter.$inject = ["$state"];
  function $IncludedByStateFilter($state) {
    return function(state) {
      return $state.includes(state);
    };
  }

  angular.module("ui.router.state")
    .filter("isState", $IsStateFilter)
    .filter("includedByState", $IncludedByStateFilter);
  })({}, angular);
};
