/**
 * sifter.js
 * Copyright (c) 2013 Brian Reavis & contributors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this
 * file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under
 * the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF
 * ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language
 * governing permissions and limitations under the License.
 *
 * @author Brian Reavis <brian@thirdroute.com>
 */

(function(root, factory) {
	if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
		define('sifter', factory);
	} else if (typeof exports === 'object') {
		module.exports = factory();
	} else {
		root.Sifter = factory();
	}
}(this, function() {

	/**
	 * Textually searches arrays and hashes of objects
	 * by property (or multiple properties). Designed
	 * specifically for autocomplete.
	 *
	 * @constructor
	 * @param {array|object} items
	 * @param {object} items
	 */
	var Sifter = function(items, settings) {
		this.items = items;
		this.settings = settings || {diacritics: true};
	};

	/**
	 * Splits a search string into an array of individual
	 * regexps to be used to match results.
	 *
	 * @param {string} query
	 * @returns {array}
	 */
	Sifter.prototype.tokenize = function(query) {
		query = trim(String(query || '').toLowerCase());
		if (!query || !query.length) return [];

		var i, n, regex, letter;
		var tokens = [];
		var words = query.split(/ +/);

		for (i = 0, n = words.length; i < n; i++) {
			regex = escape_regex(words[i]);
			if (this.settings.diacritics) {
				for (letter in DIACRITICS) {
					if (DIACRITICS.hasOwnProperty(letter)) {
						regex = regex.replace(new RegExp(letter, 'g'), DIACRITICS[letter]);
					}
				}
			}
			tokens.push({
				string : words[i],
				regex  : new RegExp(regex, 'i')
			});
		}

		return tokens;
	};

	/**
	 * Iterates over arrays and hashes.
	 *
	 * ```
	 * this.iterator(this.items, function(item, id) {
	 *    // invoked for each item
	 * });
	 * ```
	 *
	 * @param {array|object} object
	 */
	Sifter.prototype.iterator = function(object, callback) {
		var iterator;
		if (is_array(object)) {
			iterator = Array.prototype.forEach || function(callback) {
				for (var i = 0, n = this.length; i < n; i++) {
					callback(this[i], i, this);
				}
			};
		} else {
			iterator = function(callback) {
				for (var key in this) {
					if (this.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
						callback(this[key], key, this);
					}
				}
			};
		}

		iterator.apply(object, [callback]);
	};

	/**
	 * Returns a function to be used to score individual results.
	 *
	 * Good matches will have a higher score than poor matches.
	 * If an item is not a match, 0 will be returned by the function.
	 *
	 * @param {object|string} search
	 * @param {object} options (optional)
	 * @returns {function}
	 */
	Sifter.prototype.getScoreFunction = function(search, options) {
		var self, fields, tokens, token_count;

		self        = this;
		search      = self.prepareSearch(search, options);
		tokens      = search.tokens;
		fields      = search.options.fields;
		token_count = tokens.length;

		/**
		 * Calculates how close of a match the
		 * given value is against a search token.
		 *
		 * @param {mixed} value
		 * @param {object} token
		 * @return {number}
		 */
		var scoreValue = function(value, token) {
			var score, pos;

			if (!value) return 0;
			value = String(value || '');
			pos = value.search(token.regex);
			if (pos === -1) return 0;
			score = token.string.length / value.length;
			if (pos === 0) score += 0.5;
			return score;
		};

		/**
		 * Calculates the score of an object
		 * against the search query.
		 *
		 * @param {object} token
		 * @param {object} data
		 * @return {number}
		 */
		var scoreObject = (function() {
			var field_count = fields.length;
			if (!field_count) {
				return function() { return 0; };
			}
			if (field_count === 1) {
				return function(token, data) {
					return scoreValue(data[fields[0]], token);
				};
			}
			return function(token, data) {
				for (var i = 0, sum = 0; i < field_count; i++) {
					sum += scoreValue(data[fields[i]], token);
				}
				return sum / field_count;
			};
		})();

		if (!token_count) {
			return function() { return 0; };
		}
		if (token_count === 1) {
			return function(data) {
				return scoreObject(tokens[0], data);
			};
		}

		if (search.options.conjunction === 'and') {
			return function(data) {
				var score;
				for (var i = 0, sum = 0; i < token_count; i++) {
					score = scoreObject(tokens[i], data);
					if (score <= 0) return 0;
					sum += score;
				}
				return sum / token_count;
			};
		} else {
			return function(data) {
				for (var i = 0, sum = 0; i < token_count; i++) {
					sum += scoreObject(tokens[i], data);
				}
				return sum / token_count;
			};
		}
	};

	/**
	 * Returns a function that can be used to compare two
	 * results, for sorting purposes. If no sorting should
	 * be performed, `null` will be returned.
	 *
	 * @param {string|object} search
	 * @param {object} options
	 * @return function(a,b)
	 */
	Sifter.prototype.getSortFunction = function(search, options) {
		var i, n, self, field, fields, fields_count, multiplier, multipliers, get_field, implicit_score, sort;

		self   = this;
		search = self.prepareSearch(search, options);
		sort   = (!search.query && options.sort_empty) || options.sort;

		/**
		 * Fetches the specified sort field value
		 * from a search result item.
		 *
		 * @param  {string} name
		 * @param  {object} result
		 * @return {mixed}
		 */
		get_field = function(name, result) {
			if (name === '$score') return result.score;
			return self.items[result.id][name];
		};

		// parse options
		fields = [];
		if (sort) {
			for (i = 0, n = sort.length; i < n; i++) {
				if (search.query || sort[i].field !== '$score') {
					fields.push(sort[i]);
				}
			}
		}

		// the "$score" field is implied to be the primary
		// sort field, unless it's manually specified
		if (search.query) {
			implicit_score = true;
			for (i = 0, n = fields.length; i < n; i++) {
				if (fields[i].field === '$score') {
					implicit_score = false;
					break;
				}
			}
			if (implicit_score) {
				fields.unshift({field: '$score', direction: 'desc'});
			}
		} else {
			for (i = 0, n = fields.length; i < n; i++) {
				if (fields[i].field === '$score') {
					fields.splice(i, 1);
					break;
				}
			}
		}

		multipliers = [];
		for (i = 0, n = fields.length; i < n; i++) {
			multipliers.push(fields[i].direction === 'desc' ? -1 : 1);
		}

		// build function
		fields_count = fields.length;
		if (!fields_count) {
			return null;
		} else if (fields_count === 1) {
			field = fields[0].field;
			multiplier = multipliers[0];
			return function(a, b) {
				return multiplier * cmp(
					get_field(field, a),
					get_field(field, b)
				);
			};
		} else {
			return function(a, b) {
				var i, result, a_value, b_value, field;
				for (i = 0; i < fields_count; i++) {
					field = fields[i].field;
					result = multipliers[i] * cmp(
						get_field(field, a),
						get_field(field, b)
					);
					if (result) return result;
				}
				return 0;
			};
		}
	};

	/**
	 * Parses a search query and returns an object
	 * with tokens and fields ready to be populated
	 * with results.
	 *
	 * @param {string} query
	 * @param {object} options
	 * @returns {object}
	 */
	Sifter.prototype.prepareSearch = function(query, options) {
		if (typeof query === 'object') return query;

		options = extend({}, options);

		var option_fields     = options.fields;
		var option_sort       = options.sort;
		var option_sort_empty = options.sort_empty;

		if (option_fields && !is_array(option_fields)) options.fields = [option_fields];
		if (option_sort && !is_array(option_sort)) options.sort = [option_sort];
		if (option_sort_empty && !is_array(option_sort_empty)) options.sort_empty = [option_sort_empty];

		return {
			options : options,
			query   : String(query || '').toLowerCase(),
			tokens  : this.tokenize(query),
			total   : 0,
			items   : []
		};
	};

	/**
	 * Searches through all items and returns a sorted array of matches.
	 *
	 * The `options` parameter can contain:
	 *
	 *   - fields {string|array}
	 *   - sort {array}
	 *   - score {function}
	 *   - filter {bool}
	 *   - limit {integer}
	 *
	 * Returns an object containing:
	 *
	 *   - options {object}
	 *   - query {string}
	 *   - tokens {array}
	 *   - total {int}
	 *   - items {array}
	 *
	 * @param {string} query
	 * @param {object} options
	 * @returns {object}
	 */
	Sifter.prototype.search = function(query, options) {
		var self = this, value, score, search, calculateScore;
		var fn_sort;
		var fn_score;

		search  = this.prepareSearch(query, options);
		options = search.options;
		query   = search.query;

		// generate result scoring function
		fn_score = options.score || self.getScoreFunction(search);

		// perform search and sort
		if (query.length) {
			self.iterator(self.items, function(item, id) {
				score = fn_score(item);
				if (options.filter === false || score > 0) {
					search.items.push({'score': score, 'id': id});
				}
			});
		} else {
			self.iterator(self.items, function(item, id) {
				search.items.push({'score': 1, 'id': id});
			});
		}

		fn_sort = self.getSortFunction(search, options);
		if (fn_sort) search.items.sort(fn_sort);

		// apply limits
		search.total = search.items.length;
		if (typeof options.limit === 'number') {
			search.items = search.items.slice(0, options.limit);
		}

		return search;
	};

	// utilities
	// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

	var cmp = function(a, b) {
		if (typeof a === 'number' && typeof b === 'number') {
			return a > b ? 1 : (a < b ? -1 : 0);
		}
		a = asciifold(String(a || ''));
		b = asciifold(String(b || ''));
		if (a > b) return 1;
		if (b > a) return -1;
		return 0;
	};

	var extend = function(a, b) {
		var i, n, k, object;
		for (i = 1, n = arguments.length; i < n; i++) {
			object = arguments[i];
			if (!object) continue;
			for (k in object) {
				if (object.hasOwnProperty(k)) {
					a[k] = object[k];
				}
			}
		}
		return a;
	};

	var trim = function(str) {
		return (str + '').replace(/^\s+|\s+$|/g, '');
	};

	var escape_regex = function(str) {
		return (str + '').replace(/([.?*+^$[\]\\(){}|-])/g, '\\$1');
	};

	var is_array = Array.isArray || ($ && $.isArray) || function(object) {
		return Object.prototype.toString.call(object) === '[object Array]';
	};

	var DIACRITICS = {
		'a': '[aÀÁÂÃÄÅàáâãäåĀāąĄ]',
		'c': '[cÇçćĆčČ]',
		'd': '[dđĐďĎ]',
		'e': '[eÈÉÊËèéêëěĚĒēęĘ]',
		'i': '[iÌÍÎÏìíîïĪī]',
		'l': '[lłŁ]',
		'n': '[nÑñňŇńŃ]',
		'o': '[oÒÓÔÕÕÖØòóôõöøŌō]',
		'r': '[rřŘ]',
		's': '[sŠšśŚ]',
		't': '[tťŤ]',
		'u': '[uÙÚÛÜùúûüůŮŪū]',
		'y': '[yŸÿýÝ]',
		'z': '[zŽžżŻźŹ]'
	};

	var asciifold = (function() {
		var i, n, k, chunk;
		var foreignletters = '';
		var lookup = {};
		for (k in DIACRITICS) {
			if (DIACRITICS.hasOwnProperty(k)) {
				chunk = DIACRITICS[k].substring(2, DIACRITICS[k].length - 1);
				foreignletters += chunk;
				for (i = 0, n = chunk.length; i < n; i++) {
					lookup[chunk.charAt(i)] = k;
				}
			}
		}
		var regexp = new RegExp('[' +  foreignletters + ']', 'g');
		return function(str) {
			return str.replace(regexp, function(foreignletter) {
				return lookup[foreignletter];
			}).toLowerCase();
		};
	})();


	// export
	// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

	return Sifter;
}));



/**
 * microplugin.js
 * Copyright (c) 2013 Brian Reavis & contributors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this
 * file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under
 * the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF
 * ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language
 * governing permissions and limitations under the License.
 *
 * @author Brian Reavis <brian@thirdroute.com>
 */

(function(root, factory) {
	if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
		define('microplugin', factory);
	} else if (typeof exports === 'object') {
		module.exports = factory();
	} else {
		root.MicroPlugin = factory();
	}
}(this, function() {
	var MicroPlugin = {};

	MicroPlugin.mixin = function(Interface) {
		Interface.plugins = {};

		/**
		 * Initializes the listed plugins (with options).
		 * Acceptable formats:
		 *
		 * List (without options):
		 *   ['a', 'b', 'c']
		 *
		 * List (with options):
		 *   [{'name': 'a', options: {}}, {'name': 'b', options: {}}]
		 *
		 * Hash (with options):
		 *   {'a': { ... }, 'b': { ... }, 'c': { ... }}
		 *
		 * @param {mixed} plugins
		 */
		Interface.prototype.initializePlugins = function(plugins) {
			var i, n, key;
			var self  = this;
			var queue = [];

			self.plugins = {
				names     : [],
				settings  : {},
				requested : {},
				loaded    : {}
			};

			if (utils.isArray(plugins)) {
				for (i = 0, n = plugins.length; i < n; i++) {
					if (typeof plugins[i] === 'string') {
						queue.push(plugins[i]);
					} else {
						self.plugins.settings[plugins[i].name] = plugins[i].options;
						queue.push(plugins[i].name);
					}
				}
			} else if (plugins) {
				for (key in plugins) {
					if (plugins.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
						self.plugins.settings[key] = plugins[key];
						queue.push(key);
					}
				}
			}

			while (queue.length) {
				self.require(queue.shift());
			}
		};

		Interface.prototype.loadPlugin = function(name) {
			var self    = this;
			var plugins = self.plugins;
			var plugin  = Interface.plugins[name];

			if (!Interface.plugins.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
				throw new Error('Unable to find "' +  name + '" plugin');
			}

			plugins.requested[name] = true;
			plugins.loaded[name] = plugin.fn.apply(self, [self.plugins.settings[name] || {}]);
			plugins.names.push(name);
		};

		/**
		 * Initializes a plugin.
		 *
		 * @param {string} name
		 */
		Interface.prototype.require = function(name) {
			var self = this;
			var plugins = self.plugins;

			if (!self.plugins.loaded.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
				if (plugins.requested[name]) {
					throw new Error('Plugin has circular dependency ("' + name + '")');
				}
				self.loadPlugin(name);
			}

			return plugins.loaded[name];
		};

		/**
		 * Registers a plugin.
		 *
		 * @param {string} name
		 * @param {function} fn
		 */
		Interface.define = function(name, fn) {
			Interface.plugins[name] = {
				'name' : name,
				'fn'   : fn
			};
		};
	};

	var utils = {
		isArray: Array.isArray || function(vArg) {
			return Object.prototype.toString.call(vArg) === '[object Array]';
		}
	};

	return MicroPlugin;
}));

/**
 * selectize.js (v0.12.1)
 * Copyright (c) 2013–2015 Brian Reavis & contributors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this
 * file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under
 * the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF
 * ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language
 * governing permissions and limitations under the License.
 *
 * @author Brian Reavis <brian@thirdroute.com>
 */

/*jshint curly:false */
/*jshint browser:true */

(function(root, factory) {
	if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
		define('selectize', ['jquery','sifter','microplugin'], factory);
	} else if (typeof exports === 'object') {
		module.exports = factory(require('jquery'), require('sifter'), require('microplugin'));
	} else {
		root.Selectize = factory(root.jQuery, root.Sifter, root.MicroPlugin);
	}
}(this, function($, Sifter, MicroPlugin) {
	'use strict';

	var highlight = function($element, pattern) {
		if (typeof pattern === 'string' && !pattern.length) return;
		var regex = (typeof pattern === 'string') ? new RegExp(pattern, 'i') : pattern;

		var highlight = function(node) {
			var skip = 0;
			if (node.nodeType === 3) {
				var pos = node.data.search(regex);
				if (pos >= 0 && node.data.length > 0) {
					var match = node.data.match(regex);
					var spannode = document.createElement('span');
					spannode.className = 'highlight';
					var middlebit = node.splitText(pos);
					var endbit = middlebit.splitText(match[0].length);
					var middleclone = middlebit.cloneNode(true);
					spannode.appendChild(middleclone);
					middlebit.parentNode.replaceChild(spannode, middlebit);
					skip = 1;
				}
			} else if (node.nodeType === 1 && node.childNodes && !/(script|style)/i.test(node.tagName)) {
				for (var i = 0; i < node.childNodes.length; ++i) {
					i += highlight(node.childNodes[i]);
				}
			}
			return skip;
		};

		return $element.each(function() {
			highlight(this);
		});
	};

	var MicroEvent = function() {};
	MicroEvent.prototype = {
		on: function(event, fct){
			this._events = this._events || {};
			this._events[event] = this._events[event] || [];
			this._events[event].push(fct);
		},
		off: function(event, fct){
			var n = arguments.length;
			if (n === 0) return delete this._events;
			if (n === 1) return delete this._events[event];

			this._events = this._events || {};
			if (event in this._events === false) return;
			this._events[event].splice(this._events[event].indexOf(fct), 1);
		},
		trigger: function(event /* , args... */){
			this._events = this._events || {};
			if (event in this._events === false) return;
			for (var i = 0; i < this._events[event].length; i++){
				this._events[event][i].apply(this, Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1));
			}
		}
	};

	/**
	 * Mixin will delegate all MicroEvent.js function in the destination object.
	 *
	 * - MicroEvent.mixin(Foobar) will make Foobar able to use MicroEvent
	 *
	 * @param {object} the object which will support MicroEvent
	 */
	MicroEvent.mixin = function(destObject){
		var props = ['on', 'off', 'trigger'];
		for (var i = 0; i < props.length; i++){
			destObject.prototype[props[i]] = MicroEvent.prototype[props[i]];
		}
	};

	var IS_MAC        = /Mac/.test(navigator.userAgent);

	var KEY_A         = 65;
	var KEY_COMMA     = 188;
	var KEY_RETURN    = 13;
	var KEY_ESC       = 27;
	var KEY_LEFT      = 37;
	var KEY_UP        = 38;
	var KEY_P         = 80;
	var KEY_RIGHT     = 39;
	var KEY_DOWN      = 40;
	var KEY_N         = 78;
	var KEY_BACKSPACE = 8;
	var KEY_DELETE    = 46;
	var KEY_SHIFT     = 16;
	var KEY_CMD       = IS_MAC ? 91 : 17;
	var KEY_CTRL      = IS_MAC ? 18 : 17;
	var KEY_TAB       = 9;

	var TAG_SELECT    = 1;
	var TAG_INPUT     = 2;

	// for now, android support in general is too spotty to support validity
	var SUPPORTS_VALIDITY_API = !/android/i.test(window.navigator.userAgent) && !!document.createElement('form').validity;

	var isset = function(object) {
		return typeof object !== 'undefined';
	};

	/**
	 * Converts a scalar to its best string representation
	 * for hash keys and HTML attribute values.
	 *
	 * Transformations:
	 *   'str'     -> 'str'
	 *   null      -> ''
	 *   undefined -> ''
	 *   true      -> '1'
	 *   false     -> '0'
	 *   0         -> '0'
	 *   1         -> '1'
	 *
	 * @param {string} value
	 * @returns {string|null}
	 */
	var hash_key = function(value) {
		if (typeof value === 'undefined' || value === null) return null;
		if (typeof value === 'boolean') return value ? '1' : '0';
		return value + '';
	};

	/**
	 * Escapes a string for use within HTML.
	 *
	 * @param {string} str
	 * @returns {string}
	 */
	var escape_html = function(str) {
		return (str + '')
			.replace(/&/g, '&amp;')
			.replace(/</g, '&lt;')
			.replace(/>/g, '&gt;')
			.replace(/"/g, '&quot;');
	};

	/**
	 * Escapes "$" characters in replacement strings.
	 *
	 * @param {string} str
	 * @returns {string}
	 */
	var escape_replace = function(str) {
		return (str + '').replace(/\$/g, '$$$$');
	};

	var hook = {};

	/**
	 * Wraps `method` on `self` so that `fn`
	 * is invoked before the original method.
	 *
	 * @param {object} self
	 * @param {string} method
	 * @param {function} fn
	 */
	hook.before = function(self, method, fn) {
		var original = self[method];
		self[method] = function() {
			fn.apply(self, arguments);
			return original.apply(self, arguments);
		};
	};

	/**
	 * Wraps `method` on `self` so that `fn`
	 * is invoked after the original method.
	 *
	 * @param {object} self
	 * @param {string} method
	 * @param {function} fn
	 */
	hook.after = function(self, method, fn) {
		var original = self[method];
		self[method] = function() {
			var result = original.apply(self, arguments);
			fn.apply(self, arguments);
			return result;
		};
	};

	/**
	 * Wraps `fn` so that it can only be invoked once.
	 *
	 * @param {function} fn
	 * @returns {function}
	 */
	var once = function(fn) {
		var called = false;
		return function() {
			if (called) return;
			called = true;
			fn.apply(this, arguments);
		};
	};

	/**
	 * Wraps `fn` so that it can only be called once
	 * every `delay` milliseconds (invoked on the falling edge).
	 *
	 * @param {function} fn
	 * @param {int} delay
	 * @returns {function}
	 */
	var debounce = function(fn, delay) {
		var timeout;
		return function() {
			var self = this;
			var args = arguments;
			window.clearTimeout(timeout);
			timeout = window.setTimeout(function() {
				fn.apply(self, args);
			}, delay);
		};
	};

	/**
	 * Debounce all fired events types listed in `types`
	 * while executing the provided `fn`.
	 *
	 * @param {object} self
	 * @param {array} types
	 * @param {function} fn
	 */
	var debounce_events = function(self, types, fn) {
		var type;
		var trigger = self.trigger;
		var event_args = {};

		// override trigger method
		self.trigger = function() {
			var type = arguments[0];
			if (types.indexOf(type) !== -1) {
				event_args[type] = arguments;
			} else {
				return trigger.apply(self, arguments);
			}
		};

		// invoke provided function
		fn.apply(self, []);
		self.trigger = trigger;

		// trigger queued events
		for (type in event_args) {
			if (event_args.hasOwnProperty(type)) {
				trigger.apply(self, event_args[type]);
			}
		}
	};

	/**
	 * A workaround for http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/6696
	 *
	 * @param {object} $parent - Parent element to listen on.
	 * @param {string} event - Event name.
	 * @param {string} selector - Descendant selector to filter by.
	 * @param {function} fn - Event handler.
	 */
	var watchChildEvent = function($parent, event, selector, fn) {
		$parent.on(event, selector, function(e) {
			var child = e.target;
			while (child && child.parentNode !== $parent[0]) {
				child = child.parentNode;
			}
			e.currentTarget = child;
			return fn.apply(this, [e]);
		});
	};

	/**
	 * Determines the current selection within a text input control.
	 * Returns an object containing:
	 *   - start
	 *   - length
	 *
	 * @param {object} input
	 * @returns {object}
	 */
	var getSelection = function(input) {
		var result = {};
		if ('selectionStart' in input) {
			result.start = input.selectionStart;
			result.length = input.selectionEnd - result.start;
		} else if (document.selection) {
			input.focus();
			var sel = document.selection.createRange();
			var selLen = document.selection.createRange().text.length;
			sel.moveStart('character', -input.value.length);
			result.start = sel.text.length - selLen;
			result.length = selLen;
		}
		return result;
	};

	/**
	 * Copies CSS properties from one element to another.
	 *
	 * @param {object} $from
	 * @param {object} $to
	 * @param {array} properties
	 */
	var transferStyles = function($from, $to, properties) {
		var i, n, styles = {};
		if (properties) {
			for (i = 0, n = properties.length; i < n; i++) {
				styles[properties[i]] = $from.css(properties[i]);
			}
		} else {
			styles = $from.css();
		}
		$to.css(styles);
	};

	/**
	 * Measures the width of a string within a
	 * parent element (in pixels).
	 *
	 * @param {string} str
	 * @param {object} $parent
	 * @returns {int}
	 */
	var measureString = function(str, $parent) {
		if (!str) {
			return 0;
		}

		var $test = $('<test>').css({
			position: 'absolute',
			top: -99999,
			left: -99999,
			width: 'auto',
			padding: 0,
			whiteSpace: 'pre'
		}).text(str).appendTo('body');

		transferStyles($parent, $test, [
			'letterSpacing',
			'fontSize',
			'fontFamily',
			'fontWeight',
			'textTransform'
		]);

		var width = $test.width();
		$test.remove();

		return width;
	};

	/**
	 * Sets up an input to grow horizontally as the user
	 * types. If the value is changed manually, you can
	 * trigger the "update" handler to resize:
	 *
	 * $input.trigger('update');
	 *
	 * @param {object} $input
	 */
	var autoGrow = function($input) {
		var currentWidth = null;

		var update = function(e, options) {
			var value, keyCode, printable, placeholder, width;
			var shift, character, selection;
			e = e || window.event || {};
			options = options || {};

			if (e.metaKey || e.altKey) return;
			if (!options.force && $input.data('grow') === false) return;

			value = $input.val();
			if (e.type && e.type.toLowerCase() === 'keydown') {
				keyCode = e.keyCode;
				printable = (
					(keyCode >= 97 && keyCode <= 122) || // a-z
					(keyCode >= 65 && keyCode <= 90)  || // A-Z
					(keyCode >= 48 && keyCode <= 57)  || // 0-9
					keyCode === 32 // space
				);

				if (keyCode === KEY_DELETE || keyCode === KEY_BACKSPACE) {
					selection = getSelection($input[0]);
					if (selection.length) {
						value = value.substring(0, selection.start) + value.substring(selection.start + selection.length);
					} else if (keyCode === KEY_BACKSPACE && selection.start) {
						value = value.substring(0, selection.start - 1) + value.substring(selection.start + 1);
					} else if (keyCode === KEY_DELETE && typeof selection.start !== 'undefined') {
						value = value.substring(0, selection.start) + value.substring(selection.start + 1);
					}
				} else if (printable) {
					shift = e.shiftKey;
					character = String.fromCharCode(e.keyCode);
					if (shift) character = character.toUpperCase();
					else character = character.toLowerCase();
					value += character;
				}
			}

			placeholder = $input.attr('placeholder');
			if (!value && placeholder) {
				value = placeholder;
			}

			width = measureString(value, $input) + 4;
			if (width !== currentWidth) {
				currentWidth = width;
				$input.width(width);
				$input.triggerHandler('resize');
			}
		};

		$input.on('keydown keyup update blur', update);
		update();
	};

	var Selectize = function($input, settings) {
		var key, i, n, dir, input, self = this;
		input = $input[0];
		input.selectize = self;

		// detect rtl environment
		var computedStyle = window.getComputedStyle && window.getComputedStyle(input, null);
		dir = computedStyle ? computedStyle.getPropertyValue('direction') : input.currentStyle && input.currentStyle.direction;
		dir = dir || $input.parents('[dir]:first').attr('dir') || '';

		// setup default state
		$.extend(self, {
			order            : 0,
			settings         : settings,
			$input           : $input,
			tabIndex         : $input.attr('tabindex') || '',
			tagType          : input.tagName.toLowerCase() === 'select' ? TAG_SELECT : TAG_INPUT,
			rtl              : /rtl/i.test(dir),

			eventNS          : '.selectize' + (++Selectize.count),
			highlightedValue : null,
			isOpen           : false,
			isDisabled       : false,
			isRequired       : $input.is('[required]'),
			isInvalid        : false,
			isLocked         : false,
			isFocused        : false,
			isInputHidden    : false,
			isSetup          : false,
			isShiftDown      : false,
			isCmdDown        : false,
			isCtrlDown       : false,
			ignoreFocus      : false,
			ignoreBlur       : false,
			ignoreHover      : false,
			hasOptions       : false,
			currentResults   : null,
			lastValue        : '',
			caretPos         : 0,
			loading          : 0,
			loadedSearches   : {},

			$activeOption    : null,
			$activeItems     : [],

			optgroups        : {},
			options          : {},
			userOptions      : {},
			items            : [],
			renderCache      : {},
			onSearchChange   : settings.loadThrottle === null ? self.onSearchChange : debounce(self.onSearchChange, settings.loadThrottle)
		});

		// search system
		self.sifter = new Sifter(this.options, {diacritics: settings.diacritics});

		// build options table
		if (self.settings.options) {
			for (i = 0, n = self.settings.options.length; i < n; i++) {
				self.registerOption(self.settings.options[i]);
			}
			delete self.settings.options;
		}

		// build optgroup table
		if (self.settings.optgroups) {
			for (i = 0, n = self.settings.optgroups.length; i < n; i++) {
				self.registerOptionGroup(self.settings.optgroups[i]);
			}
			delete self.settings.optgroups;
		}

		// option-dependent defaults
		self.settings.mode = self.settings.mode || (self.settings.maxItems === 1 ? 'single' : 'multi');
		if (typeof self.settings.hideSelected !== 'boolean') {
			self.settings.hideSelected = self.settings.mode === 'multi';
		}

		self.initializePlugins(self.settings.plugins);
		self.setupCallbacks();
		self.setupTemplates();
		self.setup();
	};

	// mixins
	// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

	MicroEvent.mixin(Selectize);
	MicroPlugin.mixin(Selectize);

	// methods
	// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

	$.extend(Selectize.prototype, {

		/**
		 * Creates all elements and sets up event bindings.
		 */
		setup: function() {
			var self      = this;
			var settings  = self.settings;
			var eventNS   = self.eventNS;
			var $window   = $(window);
			var $document = $(document);
			var $input    = self.$input;

			var $wrapper;
			var $control;
			var $control_input;
			var $dropdown;
			var $dropdown_content;
			var $dropdown_parent;
			var inputMode;
			var timeout_blur;
			var timeout_focus;
			var classes;
			var classes_plugins;

			inputMode         = self.settings.mode;
			classes           = $input.attr('class') || '';

			$wrapper          = $('<div>').addClass(settings.wrapperClass).addClass(classes).addClass(inputMode);
			$control          = $('<div>').addClass(settings.inputClass).addClass('items').appendTo($wrapper);
			/* HACK */
			//$control_input    = $('<input type="text" autocomplete="off" />').appendTo($control).attr('tabindex', $input.is(':disabled') ? '-1' : self.tabIndex);
			$control_input    = $('<input type="text" autocomplete="false" />').appendTo($control).attr('tabindex', $input.is(':disabled') ? '-1' : self.tabIndex);
			/* END HACK */
			$dropdown_parent  = $(settings.dropdownParent || $wrapper);
			$dropdown         = $('<div>').addClass(settings.dropdownClass).addClass(inputMode).hide().appendTo($dropdown_parent);
			$dropdown_content = $('<div>').addClass(settings.dropdownContentClass).appendTo($dropdown);

			if(self.settings.copyClassesToDropdown) {
				$dropdown.addClass(classes);
			}

			$wrapper.css({
				width: $input[0].style.width
			});

			if (self.plugins.names.length) {
				classes_plugins = 'plugin-' + self.plugins.names.join(' plugin-');
				$wrapper.addClass(classes_plugins);
				$dropdown.addClass(classes_plugins);
			}

			if ((settings.maxItems === null || settings.maxItems > 1) && self.tagType === TAG_SELECT) {
				$input.attr('multiple', 'multiple');
			}

			if (self.settings.placeholder) {
				$control_input.attr('placeholder', settings.placeholder);
			}

			// if splitOn was not passed in, construct it from the delimiter to allow pasting universally
			if (!self.settings.splitOn && self.settings.delimiter) {
				var delimiterEscaped = self.settings.delimiter.replace(/[-\/\\^$*+?.()|[\]{}]/g, '\\$&');
				self.settings.splitOn = new RegExp('\\s*' + delimiterEscaped + '+\\s*');
			}

			if ($input.attr('autocorrect')) {
				$control_input.attr('autocorrect', $input.attr('autocorrect'));
			}

			if ($input.attr('autocapitalize')) {
				$control_input.attr('autocapitalize', $input.attr('autocapitalize'));
			}

			self.$wrapper          = $wrapper;
			self.$control          = $control;
			self.$control_input    = $control_input;
			self.$dropdown         = $dropdown;
			self.$dropdown_content = $dropdown_content;

			$dropdown.on('mouseenter', '[data-selectable]', function() { return self.onOptionHover.apply(self, arguments); });
			$dropdown.on('mousedown click', '[data-selectable]', function() { return self.onOptionSelect.apply(self, arguments); });
			watchChildEvent($control, 'mousedown', '*:not(input)', function() { return self.onItemSelect.apply(self, arguments); });
			autoGrow($control_input);

			$control.on({
				mousedown : function() { return self.onMouseDown.apply(self, arguments); },
				click     : function() { return self.onClick.apply(self, arguments); }
			});

			$control_input.on({
				mousedown : function(e) { e.stopPropagation(); },
				keydown   : function() { return self.onKeyDown.apply(self, arguments); },
				keyup     : function() { return self.onKeyUp.apply(self, arguments); },
				keypress  : function() { return self.onKeyPress.apply(self, arguments); },
				resize    : function() { self.positionDropdown.apply(self, []); },
				blur      : function() { return self.onBlur.apply(self, arguments); },
				focus     : function() { self.ignoreBlur = false; return self.onFocus.apply(self, arguments); },
				paste     : function() { return self.onPaste.apply(self, arguments); }
			});

			$document.on('keydown' + eventNS, function(e) {
				self.isCmdDown = e[IS_MAC ? 'metaKey' : 'ctrlKey'];
				self.isCtrlDown = e[IS_MAC ? 'altKey' : 'ctrlKey'];
				self.isShiftDown = e.shiftKey;
			});

			$document.on('keyup' + eventNS, function(e) {
				if (e.keyCode === KEY_CTRL) self.isCtrlDown = false;
				if (e.keyCode === KEY_SHIFT) self.isShiftDown = false;
				if (e.keyCode === KEY_CMD) self.isCmdDown = false;
			});

			$document.on('mousedown' + eventNS, function(e) {
				if (self.isFocused) {
					// prevent events on the dropdown scrollbar from causing the control to blur
					if (e.target === self.$dropdown[0] || e.target.parentNode === self.$dropdown[0]) {
						return false;
					}
					// blur on click outside
					if (!self.$control.has(e.target).length && e.target !== self.$control[0]) {
						self.blur(e.target);
					}
				}
			});

			$window.on(['scroll' + eventNS, 'resize' + eventNS].join(' '), function() {
				if (self.isOpen) {
					self.positionDropdown.apply(self, arguments);
				}
			});
			$window.on('mousemove' + eventNS, function() {
				self.ignoreHover = false;
			});

			// store original children and tab index so that they can be
			// restored when the destroy() method is called.
			this.revertSettings = {
				$children : $input.children().detach(),
				tabindex  : $input.attr('tabindex')
			};

			$input.attr('tabindex', -1).hide().after(self.$wrapper);

			if ($.isArray(settings.items)) {
				self.setValue(settings.items);
				delete settings.items;
			}

			// feature detect for the validation API
			if (SUPPORTS_VALIDITY_API) {
				$input.on('invalid' + eventNS, function(e) {
					e.preventDefault();
					self.isInvalid = true;
					self.refreshState();
				});
			}

			self.updateOriginalInput();
			self.refreshItems();
			self.refreshState();
			self.updatePlaceholder();
			self.isSetup = true;

			if ($input.is(':disabled')) {
				self.disable();
			}

			self.on('change', this.onChange);

			$input.data('selectize', self);
			$input.addClass('selectized');
			self.trigger('initialize');

			// preload options
			if (settings.preload === true) {
				self.onSearchChange('');
			}

		},

		/**
		 * Sets up default rendering functions.
		 */
		setupTemplates: function() {
			var self = this;
			var field_label = self.settings.labelField;
			var field_optgroup = self.settings.optgroupLabelField;

			var templates = {
				'optgroup': function(data) {
					return '<div class="optgroup">' + data.html + '</div>';
				},
				'optgroup_header': function(data, escape) {
					return '<div class="optgroup-header">' + escape(data[field_optgroup]) + '</div>';
				},
				'option': function(data, escape) {
					return '<div class="option">' + escape(data[field_label]) + '</div>';
				},
				'item': function(data, escape) {
					return '<div class="item">' + escape(data[field_label]) + '</div>';
				},
				'option_create': function(data, escape) {
					return '<div class="create">Add <strong>' + escape(data.input) + '</strong>&hellip;</div>';
				}
			};

			self.settings.render = $.extend({}, templates, self.settings.render);
		},

		/**
		 * Maps fired events to callbacks provided
		 * in the settings used when creating the control.
		 */
		setupCallbacks: function() {
			var key, fn, callbacks = {
				'initialize'      : 'onInitialize',
				'change'          : 'onChange',
				'item_add'        : 'onItemAdd',
				'item_remove'     : 'onItemRemove',
				'clear'           : 'onClear',
				'option_add'      : 'onOptionAdd',
				'option_remove'   : 'onOptionRemove',
				'option_clear'    : 'onOptionClear',
				'optgroup_add'    : 'onOptionGroupAdd',
				'optgroup_remove' : 'onOptionGroupRemove',
				'optgroup_clear'  : 'onOptionGroupClear',
				'dropdown_open'   : 'onDropdownOpen',
				'dropdown_close'  : 'onDropdownClose',
				'type'            : 'onType',
				'load'            : 'onLoad',
				'focus'           : 'onFocus',
				'blur'            : 'onBlur'
			};

			for (key in callbacks) {
				if (callbacks.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
					fn = this.settings[callbacks[key]];
					if (fn) this.on(key, fn);
				}
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Triggered when the main control element
		 * has a click event.
		 *
		 * @param {object} e
		 * @return {boolean}
		 */
		onClick: function(e) {
			var self = this;

			// necessary for mobile webkit devices (manual focus triggering
			// is ignored unless invoked within a click event)
			if (!self.isFocused) {
				self.focus();
				e.preventDefault();
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Triggered when the main control element
		 * has a mouse down event.
		 *
		 * @param {object} e
		 * @return {boolean}
		 */
		onMouseDown: function(e) {
			var self = this;
			var defaultPrevented = e.isDefaultPrevented();
			var $target = $(e.target);

			if (self.isFocused) {
				// retain focus by preventing native handling. if the
				// event target is the input it should not be modified.
				// otherwise, text selection within the input won't work.
				if (e.target !== self.$control_input[0]) {
					if (self.settings.mode === 'single') {
						// toggle dropdown
						self.isOpen ? self.close() : self.open();
					} else if (!defaultPrevented) {
						self.setActiveItem(null);
					}
					return false;
				}
			} else {
				// give control focus
				if (!defaultPrevented) {
					window.setTimeout(function() {
						self.focus();
					}, 0);
				}
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Triggered when the value of the control has been changed.
		 * This should propagate the event to the original DOM
		 * input / select element.
		 */
		onChange: function() {
			this.$input.trigger('change');
		},

		/**
		 * Triggered on <input> paste.
		 *
		 * @param {object} e
		 * @returns {boolean}
		 */
		onPaste: function(e) {
			var self = this;
			if (self.isFull() || self.isInputHidden || self.isLocked) {
				e.preventDefault();
			} else {
				// If a regex or string is included, this will split the pasted
				// input and create Items for each separate value
				if (self.settings.splitOn) {
					setTimeout(function() {
						var splitInput = $.trim(self.$control_input.val() || '').split(self.settings.splitOn);
						for (var i = 0, n = splitInput.length; i < n; i++) {
							self.createItem(splitInput[i]);
						}
					}, 0);
				}
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Triggered on <input> keypress.
		 *
		 * @param {object} e
		 * @returns {boolean}
		 */
		onKeyPress: function(e) {
			if (this.isLocked) return e && e.preventDefault();
			var character = String.fromCharCode(e.keyCode || e.which);
			if (this.settings.create && this.settings.mode === 'multi' && character === this.settings.delimiter) {
				this.createItem();
				e.preventDefault();
				return false;
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Triggered on <input> keydown.
		 *
		 * @param {object} e
		 * @returns {boolean}
		 */
		onKeyDown: function(e) {
			var isInput = e.target === this.$control_input[0];
			var self = this;

			if (self.isLocked) {
				if (e.keyCode !== KEY_TAB) {
					e.preventDefault();
				}
				return;
			}

			switch (e.keyCode) {
				case KEY_A:
					if (self.isCmdDown) {
						self.selectAll();
						return;
					}
					break;
				case KEY_ESC:
					if (self.isOpen) {
						e.preventDefault();
						e.stopPropagation();
						self.close();
					}
					return;
				case KEY_N:
					if (!e.ctrlKey || e.altKey) break;
				case KEY_DOWN:
					if (!self.isOpen && self.hasOptions) {
						self.open();
					} else if (self.$activeOption) {
						self.ignoreHover = true;
						var $next = self.getAdjacentOption(self.$activeOption, 1);
						if ($next.length) self.setActiveOption($next, true, true);
					}
					e.preventDefault();
					return;
				case KEY_P:
					if (!e.ctrlKey || e.altKey) break;
				case KEY_UP:
					if (self.$activeOption) {
						self.ignoreHover = true;
						var $prev = self.getAdjacentOption(self.$activeOption, -1);
						if ($prev.length) self.setActiveOption($prev, true, true);
					}
					e.preventDefault();
					return;
				case KEY_RETURN:
					if (self.isOpen && self.$activeOption) {
						self.onOptionSelect({currentTarget: self.$activeOption});
						e.preventDefault();
					}
					return;
				case KEY_LEFT:
					self.advanceSelection(-1, e);
					return;
				case KEY_RIGHT:
					self.advanceSelection(1, e);
					return;
				case KEY_TAB:
					if (self.settings.selectOnTab && self.isOpen && self.$activeOption) {
						self.onOptionSelect({currentTarget: self.$activeOption});

						// Default behaviour is to jump to the next field, we only want this
						// if the current field doesn't accept any more entries
						if (!self.isFull()) {
							e.preventDefault();
						}
					}
					if (self.settings.create && self.createItem()) {
						e.preventDefault();
					}
					return;
				case KEY_BACKSPACE:
				case KEY_DELETE:
					self.deleteSelection(e);
					return;
			}

			if ((self.isFull() || self.isInputHidden) && !(IS_MAC ? e.metaKey : e.ctrlKey)) {
				e.preventDefault();
				return;
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Triggered on <input> keyup.
		 *
		 * @param {object} e
		 * @returns {boolean}
		 */
		onKeyUp: function(e) {
			var self = this;

			if (self.isLocked) return e && e.preventDefault();
			var value = self.$control_input.val() || '';
			if (self.lastValue !== value) {
				self.lastValue = value;
				self.onSearchChange(value);
				self.refreshOptions();
				self.trigger('type', value);
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Invokes the user-provide option provider / loader.
		 *
		 * Note: this function is debounced in the Selectize
		 * constructor (by `settings.loadDelay` milliseconds)
		 *
		 * @param {string} value
		 */
		onSearchChange: function(value) {
			var self = this;
			var fn = self.settings.load;
			if (!fn) return;
			if (self.loadedSearches.hasOwnProperty(value)) return;
			self.loadedSearches[value] = true;
			self.load(function(callback) {
				fn.apply(self, [value, callback]);
			});
		},

		/**
		 * Triggered on <input> focus.
		 *
		 * @param {object} e (optional)
		 * @returns {boolean}
		 */
		onFocus: function(e) {
			var self = this;
			var wasFocused = self.isFocused;

			if (self.isDisabled) {
				self.blur();
				e && e.preventDefault();
				return false;
			}

			if (self.ignoreFocus) return;
			self.isFocused = true;
			if (self.settings.preload === 'focus') self.onSearchChange('');

			if (!wasFocused) self.trigger('focus');

			if (!self.$activeItems.length) {
				self.showInput();
				self.setActiveItem(null);
				self.refreshOptions(!!self.settings.openOnFocus);
			}

			self.refreshState();
		},

		/**
		 * Triggered on <input> blur.
		 *
		 * @param {object} e
		 * @param {Element} dest
		 */
		onBlur: function(e, dest) {
			var self = this;
			if (!self.isFocused) return;
			self.isFocused = false;

			if (self.ignoreFocus) {
				return;
			} else if (!self.ignoreBlur && document.activeElement === self.$dropdown_content[0]) {
				// necessary to prevent IE closing the dropdown when the scrollbar is clicked
				self.ignoreBlur = true;
				self.onFocus(e);
				return;
			}

			var deactivate = function() {
				self.close();
				self.setTextboxValue('');
				self.setActiveItem(null);
				self.setActiveOption(null);
				self.setCaret(self.items.length);
				self.refreshState();

				// IE11 bug: element still marked as active
				(dest || document.body).focus();

				self.ignoreFocus = false;
				self.trigger('blur');
			};

			self.ignoreFocus = true;
			if (self.settings.create && self.settings.createOnBlur) {
				self.createItem(null, false, deactivate);
			} else {
				deactivate();
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Triggered when the user rolls over
		 * an option in the autocomplete dropdown menu.
		 *
		 * @param {object} e
		 * @returns {boolean}
		 */
		onOptionHover: function(e) {
			if (this.ignoreHover) return;
			this.setActiveOption(e.currentTarget, false);
		},

		/**
		 * Triggered when the user clicks on an option
		 * in the autocomplete dropdown menu.
		 *
		 * @param {object} e
		 * @returns {boolean}
		 */
		onOptionSelect: function(e) {
			var value, $target, $option, self = this;

			if (e.preventDefault) {
				e.preventDefault();
				e.stopPropagation();
			}

			$target = $(e.currentTarget);
			if ($target.hasClass('create')) {
				self.createItem(null, function() {
					if (self.settings.closeAfterSelect) {
						self.close();
					}
				});
			} else {
				value = $target.attr('data-value');
				if (typeof value !== 'undefined') {
					self.lastQuery = null;
					self.setTextboxValue('');
					self.addItem(value);
					if (self.settings.closeAfterSelect) {
						self.close();
					} else if (!self.settings.hideSelected && e.type && /mouse/.test(e.type)) {
						self.setActiveOption(self.getOption(value));
					}
				}
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Triggered when the user clicks on an item
		 * that has been selected.
		 *
		 * @param {object} e
		 * @returns {boolean}
		 */
		onItemSelect: function(e) {
			var self = this;

			if (self.isLocked) return;
			if (self.settings.mode === 'multi') {
				e.preventDefault();
				self.setActiveItem(e.currentTarget, e);
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Invokes the provided method that provides
		 * results to a callback---which are then added
		 * as options to the control.
		 *
		 * @param {function} fn
		 */
		load: function(fn) {
			var self = this;
			var $wrapper = self.$wrapper.addClass(self.settings.loadingClass);

			self.loading++;
			fn.apply(self, [function(results) {
				self.loading = Math.max(self.loading - 1, 0);
				if (results && results.length) {
					self.addOption(results);
					self.refreshOptions(self.isFocused && !self.isInputHidden);
				}
				if (!self.loading) {
					$wrapper.removeClass(self.settings.loadingClass);
				}
				self.trigger('load', results);
			}]);
		},

		/**
		 * Sets the input field of the control to the specified value.
		 *
		 * @param {string} value
		 */
		setTextboxValue: function(value) {
			var $input = this.$control_input;
			var changed = $input.val() !== value;
			if (changed) {
				$input.val(value).triggerHandler('update');
				this.lastValue = value;
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Returns the value of the control. If multiple items
		 * can be selected (e.g. <select multiple>), this returns
		 * an array. If only one item can be selected, this
		 * returns a string.
		 *
		 * @returns {mixed}
		 */
		getValue: function() {
			if (this.tagType === TAG_SELECT && this.$input.attr('multiple')) {
				return this.items;
			} else {
				return this.items.join(this.settings.delimiter);
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Resets the selected items to the given value.
		 *
		 * @param {mixed} value
		 */
		setValue: function(value, silent) {
			var events = silent ? [] : ['change'];

			debounce_events(this, events, function() {
				this.clear(silent);
				this.addItems(value, silent);
			});
		},

		/**
		 * Sets the selected item.
		 *
		 * @param {object} $item
		 * @param {object} e (optional)
		 */
		setActiveItem: function($item, e) {
			var self = this;
			var eventName;
			var i, idx, begin, end, item, swap;
			var $last;

			if (self.settings.mode === 'single') return;
			$item = $($item);

			// clear the active selection
			if (!$item.length) {
				$(self.$activeItems).removeClass('active');
				self.$activeItems = [];
				if (self.isFocused) {
					self.showInput();
				}
				return;
			}

			// modify selection
			eventName = e && e.type.toLowerCase();

			if (eventName === 'mousedown' && self.isShiftDown && self.$activeItems.length) {
				$last = self.$control.children('.active:last');
				begin = Array.prototype.indexOf.apply(self.$control[0].childNodes, [$last[0]]);
				end   = Array.prototype.indexOf.apply(self.$control[0].childNodes, [$item[0]]);
				if (begin > end) {
					swap  = begin;
					begin = end;
					end   = swap;
				}
				for (i = begin; i <= end; i++) {
					item = self.$control[0].childNodes[i];
					if (self.$activeItems.indexOf(item) === -1) {
						$(item).addClass('active');
						self.$activeItems.push(item);
					}
				}
				e.preventDefault();
			} else if ((eventName === 'mousedown' && self.isCtrlDown) || (eventName === 'keydown' && this.isShiftDown)) {
				if ($item.hasClass('active')) {
					idx = self.$activeItems.indexOf($item[0]);
					self.$activeItems.splice(idx, 1);
					$item.removeClass('active');
				} else {
					self.$activeItems.push($item.addClass('active')[0]);
				}
			} else {
				$(self.$activeItems).removeClass('active');
				self.$activeItems = [$item.addClass('active')[0]];
			}

			// ensure control has focus
			self.hideInput();
			if (!this.isFocused) {
				self.focus();
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Sets the selected item in the dropdown menu
		 * of available options.
		 *
		 * @param {object} $object
		 * @param {boolean} scroll
		 * @param {boolean} animate
		 */
		setActiveOption: function($option, scroll, animate) {
			var height_menu, height_item, y;
			var scroll_top, scroll_bottom;
			var self = this;

			if (self.$activeOption) self.$activeOption.removeClass('active');
			self.$activeOption = null;

			$option = $($option);
			if (!$option.length) return;

			self.$activeOption = $option.addClass('active');

			if (scroll || !isset(scroll)) {

				height_menu   = self.$dropdown_content.height();
				height_item   = self.$activeOption.outerHeight(true);
				scroll        = self.$dropdown_content.scrollTop() || 0;
				y             = self.$activeOption.offset().top - self.$dropdown_content.offset().top + scroll;
				scroll_top    = y;
				scroll_bottom = y - height_menu + height_item;

				if (y + height_item > height_menu + scroll) {
					self.$dropdown_content.stop().animate({scrollTop: scroll_bottom}, animate ? self.settings.scrollDuration : 0);
				} else if (y < scroll) {
					self.$dropdown_content.stop().animate({scrollTop: scroll_top}, animate ? self.settings.scrollDuration : 0);
				}

			}
		},

		/**
		 * Selects all items (CTRL + A).
		 */
		selectAll: function() {
			var self = this;
			if (self.settings.mode === 'single') return;

			self.$activeItems = Array.prototype.slice.apply(self.$control.children(':not(input)').addClass('active'));
			if (self.$activeItems.length) {
				self.hideInput();
				self.close();
			}
			self.focus();
		},

		/**
		 * Hides the input element out of view, while
		 * retaining its focus.
		 */
		hideInput: function() {
			var self = this;

			self.setTextboxValue('');
			self.$control_input.css({opacity: 0, position: 'absolute', left: self.rtl ? 10000 : -10000});
			self.isInputHidden = true;
		},

		/**
		 * Restores input visibility.
		 */
		showInput: function() {
			this.$control_input.css({opacity: 1, position: 'relative', left: 0});
			this.isInputHidden = false;
		},

		/**
		 * Gives the control focus.
		 */
		focus: function() {
			var self = this;
			if (self.isDisabled) return;

			self.ignoreFocus = true;
			self.$control_input[0].focus();
			window.setTimeout(function() {
				self.ignoreFocus = false;
				self.onFocus();
			}, 0);
		},

		/**
		 * Forces the control out of focus.
		 *
		 * @param {Element} dest
		 */
		blur: function(dest) {
			this.$control_input[0].blur();
			this.onBlur(null, dest);
		},

		/**
		 * Returns a function that scores an object
		 * to show how good of a match it is to the
		 * provided query.
		 *
		 * @param {string} query
		 * @param {object} options
		 * @return {function}
		 */
		getScoreFunction: function(query) {
			return this.sifter.getScoreFunction(query, this.getSearchOptions());
		},

		/**
		 * Returns search options for sifter (the system
		 * for scoring and sorting results).
		 *
		 * @see https://github.com/brianreavis/sifter.js
		 * @return {object}
		 */
		getSearchOptions: function() {
			var settings = this.settings;
			var sort = settings.sortField;
			if (typeof sort === 'string') {
				sort = [{field: sort}];
			}

			return {
				fields      : settings.searchField,
				conjunction : settings.searchConjunction,
				sort        : sort
			};
		},

		/**
		 * Searches through available options and returns
		 * a sorted array of matches.
		 *
		 * Returns an object containing:
		 *
		 *   - query {string}
		 *   - tokens {array}
		 *   - total {int}
		 *   - items {array}
		 *
		 * @param {string} query
		 * @returns {object}
		 */
		search: function(query) {
			var i, value, score, result, calculateScore;
			var self     = this;
			var settings = self.settings;
			var options  = this.getSearchOptions();

			// validate user-provided result scoring function
			if (settings.score) {
				calculateScore = self.settings.score.apply(this, [query]);
				if (typeof calculateScore !== 'function') {
					throw new Error('Selectize "score" setting must be a function that returns a function');
				}
			}

			// perform search
			if (query !== self.lastQuery) {
				self.lastQuery = query;
				result = self.sifter.search(query, $.extend(options, {score: calculateScore}));
				self.currentResults = result;
			} else {
				result = $.extend(true, {}, self.currentResults);
			}

			// filter out selected items
			if (settings.hideSelected) {
				for (i = result.items.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
					if (self.items.indexOf(hash_key(result.items[i].id)) !== -1) {
						result.items.splice(i, 1);
					}
				}
			}

			return result;
		},

		/**
		 * Refreshes the list of available options shown
		 * in the autocomplete dropdown menu.
		 *
		 * @param {boolean} triggerDropdown
		 */
		refreshOptions: function(triggerDropdown) {
			var i, j, k, n, groups, groups_order, option, option_html, optgroup, optgroups, html, html_children, has_create_option;
			var $active, $active_before, $create;

			if (typeof triggerDropdown === 'undefined') {
				triggerDropdown = true;
			}

			var self              = this;
			var query             = $.trim(self.$control_input.val());
			var results           = self.search(query);
			var $dropdown_content = self.$dropdown_content;
			var active_before     = self.$activeOption && hash_key(self.$activeOption.attr('data-value'));

			// build markup
			n = results.items.length;
			if (typeof self.settings.maxOptions === 'number') {
				n = Math.min(n, self.settings.maxOptions);
			}

			// render and group available options individually
			groups = {};
			groups_order = [];

			for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
				option      = self.options[results.items[i].id];
				option_html = self.render('option', option);
				optgroup    = option[self.settings.optgroupField] || '';
				optgroups   = $.isArray(optgroup) ? optgroup : [optgroup];

				for (j = 0, k = optgroups && optgroups.length; j < k; j++) {
					optgroup = optgroups[j];
					if (!self.optgroups.hasOwnProperty(optgroup)) {
						optgroup = '';
					}
					if (!groups.hasOwnProperty(optgroup)) {
						groups[optgroup] = [];
						groups_order.push(optgroup);
					}
					groups[optgroup].push(option_html);
				}
			}

			// sort optgroups
			if (this.settings.lockOptgroupOrder) {
				groups_order.sort(function(a, b) {
					var a_order = self.optgroups[a].$order || 0;
					var b_order = self.optgroups[b].$order || 0;
					return a_order - b_order;
				});
			}

			// render optgroup headers & join groups
			html = [];
			for (i = 0, n = groups_order.length; i < n; i++) {
				optgroup = groups_order[i];
				if (self.optgroups.hasOwnProperty(optgroup) && groups[optgroup].length) {
					// render the optgroup header and options within it,
					// then pass it to the wrapper template
					html_children = self.render('optgroup_header', self.optgroups[optgroup]) || '';
					html_children += groups[optgroup].join('');
					html.push(self.render('optgroup', $.extend({}, self.optgroups[optgroup], {
						html: html_children
					})));
				} else {
					html.push(groups[optgroup].join(''));
				}
			}

			$dropdown_content.html(html.join(''));

			// highlight matching terms inline
			if (self.settings.highlight && results.query.length && results.tokens.length) {
				for (i = 0, n = results.tokens.length; i < n; i++) {
					highlight($dropdown_content, results.tokens[i].regex);
				}
			}

			// add "selected" class to selected options
			if (!self.settings.hideSelected) {
				for (i = 0, n = self.items.length; i < n; i++) {
					self.getOption(self.items[i]).addClass('selected');
				}
			}

			// add create option
			has_create_option = self.canCreate(query);
			if (has_create_option) {
				$dropdown_content.prepend(self.render('option_create', {input: query}));
				$create = $($dropdown_content[0].childNodes[0]);
			}

			// activate
			self.hasOptions = results.items.length > 0 || has_create_option;
			if (self.hasOptions) {
				if (results.items.length > 0) {
					$active_before = active_before && self.getOption(active_before);
					if ($active_before && $active_before.length) {
						$active = $active_before;
					} else if (self.settings.mode === 'single' && self.items.length) {
						$active = self.getOption(self.items[0]);
					}
					if (!$active || !$active.length) {
						if ($create && !self.settings.addPrecedence) {
							$active = self.getAdjacentOption($create, 1);
						} else {
							$active = $dropdown_content.find('[data-selectable]:first');
						}
					}
				} else {
					$active = $create;
				}
				self.setActiveOption($active);
				if (triggerDropdown && !self.isOpen) { self.open(); }
			} else {
				self.setActiveOption(null);
				if (triggerDropdown && self.isOpen) { self.close(); }
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Adds an available option. If it already exists,
		 * nothing will happen. Note: this does not refresh
		 * the options list dropdown (use `refreshOptions`
		 * for that).
		 *
		 * Usage:
		 *
		 *   this.addOption(data)
		 *
		 * @param {object|array} data
		 */
		addOption: function(data) {
			var i, n, value, self = this;

			if ($.isArray(data)) {
				for (i = 0, n = data.length; i < n; i++) {
					self.addOption(data[i]);
				}
				return;
			}

			if (value = self.registerOption(data)) {
				self.userOptions[value] = true;
				self.lastQuery = null;
				self.trigger('option_add', value, data);
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Registers an option to the pool of options.
		 *
		 * @param {object} data
		 * @return {boolean|string}
		 */
		registerOption: function(data) {
			var key = hash_key(data[this.settings.valueField]);
			if (!key || this.options.hasOwnProperty(key)) return false;
			data.$order = data.$order || ++this.order;
			this.options[key] = data;
			return key;
		},

		/**
		 * Registers an option group to the pool of option groups.
		 *
		 * @param {object} data
		 * @return {boolean|string}
		 */
		registerOptionGroup: function(data) {
			var key = hash_key(data[this.settings.optgroupValueField]);
			if (!key) return false;

			data.$order = data.$order || ++this.order;
			this.optgroups[key] = data;
			return key;
		},

		/**
		 * Registers a new optgroup for options
		 * to be bucketed into.
		 *
		 * @param {string} id
		 * @param {object} data
		 */
		addOptionGroup: function(id, data) {
			data[this.settings.optgroupValueField] = id;
			if (id = this.registerOptionGroup(data)) {
				this.trigger('optgroup_add', id, data);
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Removes an existing option group.
		 *
		 * @param {string} id
		 */
		removeOptionGroup: function(id) {
			if (this.optgroups.hasOwnProperty(id)) {
				delete this.optgroups[id];
				this.renderCache = {};
				this.trigger('optgroup_remove', id);
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Clears all existing option groups.
		 */
		clearOptionGroups: function() {
			this.optgroups = {};
			this.renderCache = {};
			this.trigger('optgroup_clear');
		},

		/**
		 * Updates an option available for selection. If
		 * it is visible in the selected items or options
		 * dropdown, it will be re-rendered automatically.
		 *
		 * @param {string} value
		 * @param {object} data
		 */
		updateOption: function(value, data) {
			var self = this;
			var $item, $item_new;
			var value_new, index_item, cache_items, cache_options, order_old;

			value     = hash_key(value);
			value_new = hash_key(data[self.settings.valueField]);

			// sanity checks
			if (value === null) return;
			if (!self.options.hasOwnProperty(value)) return;
			if (typeof value_new !== 'string') throw new Error('Value must be set in option data');

			order_old = self.options[value].$order;

			// update references
			if (value_new !== value) {
				delete self.options[value];
				index_item = self.items.indexOf(value);
				if (index_item !== -1) {
					self.items.splice(index_item, 1, value_new);
				}
			}
			data.$order = data.$order || order_old;
			self.options[value_new] = data;

			// invalidate render cache
			cache_items = self.renderCache['item'];
			cache_options = self.renderCache['option'];

			if (cache_items) {
				delete cache_items[value];
				delete cache_items[value_new];
			}
			if (cache_options) {
				delete cache_options[value];
				delete cache_options[value_new];
			}

			// update the item if it's selected
			if (self.items.indexOf(value_new) !== -1) {
				$item = self.getItem(value);
				$item_new = $(self.render('item', data));
				if ($item.hasClass('active')) $item_new.addClass('active');
				$item.replaceWith($item_new);
			}

			// invalidate last query because we might have updated the sortField
			self.lastQuery = null;

			// update dropdown contents
			if (self.isOpen) {
				self.refreshOptions(false);
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Removes a single option.
		 *
		 * @param {string} value
		 * @param {boolean} silent
		 */
		removeOption: function(value, silent) {
			var self = this;
			value = hash_key(value);

			var cache_items = self.renderCache['item'];
			var cache_options = self.renderCache['option'];
			if (cache_items) delete cache_items[value];
			if (cache_options) delete cache_options[value];

			delete self.userOptions[value];
			delete self.options[value];
			self.lastQuery = null;
			self.trigger('option_remove', value);
			self.removeItem(value, silent);
		},

		/**
		 * Clears all options.
		 */
		clearOptions: function() {
			var self = this;

			self.loadedSearches = {};
			self.userOptions = {};
			self.renderCache = {};
			self.options = self.sifter.items = {};
			self.lastQuery = null;
			self.trigger('option_clear');
			self.clear();
		},

		/**
		 * Returns the jQuery element of the option
		 * matching the given value.
		 *
		 * @param {string} value
		 * @returns {object}
		 */
		getOption: function(value) {
			return this.getElementWithValue(value, this.$dropdown_content.find('[data-selectable]'));
		},

		/**
		 * Returns the jQuery element of the next or
		 * previous selectable option.
		 *
		 * @param {object} $option
		 * @param {int} direction  can be 1 for next or -1 for previous
		 * @return {object}
		 */
		getAdjacentOption: function($option, direction) {
			var $options = this.$dropdown.find('[data-selectable]');
			var index    = $options.index($option) + direction;

			return index >= 0 && index < $options.length ? $options.eq(index) : $();
		},

		/**
		 * Finds the first element with a "data-value" attribute
		 * that matches the given value.
		 *
		 * @param {mixed} value
		 * @param {object} $els
		 * @return {object}
		 */
		getElementWithValue: function(value, $els) {
			value = hash_key(value);

			if (typeof value !== 'undefined' && value !== null) {
				for (var i = 0, n = $els.length; i < n; i++) {
					if ($els[i].getAttribute('data-value') === value) {
						return $($els[i]);
					}
				}
			}

			return $();
		},

		/**
		 * Returns the jQuery element of the item
		 * matching the given value.
		 *
		 * @param {string} value
		 * @returns {object}
		 */
		getItem: function(value) {
			return this.getElementWithValue(value, this.$control.children());
		},

		/**
		 * "Selects" multiple items at once. Adds them to the list
		 * at the current caret position.
		 *
		 * @param {string} value
		 * @param {boolean} silent
		 */
		addItems: function(values, silent) {
			var items = $.isArray(values) ? values : [values];
			for (var i = 0, n = items.length; i < n; i++) {
				this.isPending = (i < n - 1);
				this.addItem(items[i], silent);
			}
		},

		/**
		 * "Selects" an item. Adds it to the list
		 * at the current caret position.
		 *
		 * @param {string} value
		 * @param {boolean} silent
		 */
		addItem: function(value, silent) {
			var events = silent ? [] : ['change'];

			debounce_events(this, events, function() {
				var $item, $option, $options;
				var self = this;
				var inputMode = self.settings.mode;
				var i, active, value_next, wasFull;
				value = hash_key(value);

				if (self.items.indexOf(value) !== -1) {
					if (inputMode === 'single') self.close();
					return;
				}

				if (!self.options.hasOwnProperty(value)) return;
				if (inputMode === 'single') self.clear(silent);
				if (inputMode === 'multi' && self.isFull()) return;

				$item = $(self.render('item', self.options[value]));
				wasFull = self.isFull();
				self.items.splice(self.caretPos, 0, value);
				self.insertAtCaret($item);
				if (!self.isPending || (!wasFull && self.isFull())) {
					self.refreshState();
				}

				if (self.isSetup) {
					$options = self.$dropdown_content.find('[data-selectable]');

					// update menu / remove the option (if this is not one item being added as part of series)
					if (!self.isPending) {
						$option = self.getOption(value);
						value_next = self.getAdjacentOption($option, 1).attr('data-value');
						self.refreshOptions(self.isFocused && inputMode !== 'single');
						if (value_next) {
							self.setActiveOption(self.getOption(value_next));
						}
					}

					// hide the menu if the maximum number of items have been selected or no options are left
					if (!$options.length || self.isFull()) {
						self.close();
					} else {
						self.positionDropdown();
					}

					self.updatePlaceholder();
					self.trigger('item_add', value, $item);
					self.updateOriginalInput({silent: silent});
				}
			});
		},

		/**
		 * Removes the selected item matching
		 * the provided value.
		 *
		 * @param {string} value
		 */
		removeItem: function(value, silent) {
			var self = this;
			var $item, i, idx;

			$item = (typeof value === 'object') ? value : self.getItem(value);
			value = hash_key($item.attr('data-value'));
			i = self.items.indexOf(value);

			if (i !== -1) {
				$item.remove();
				if ($item.hasClass('active')) {
					idx = self.$activeItems.indexOf($item[0]);
					self.$activeItems.splice(idx, 1);
				}

				self.items.splice(i, 1);
				self.lastQuery = null;
				if (!self.settings.persist && self.userOptions.hasOwnProperty(value)) {
					self.removeOption(value, silent);
				}

				if (i < self.caretPos) {
					self.setCaret(self.caretPos - 1);
				}

				self.refreshState();
				self.updatePlaceholder();
				self.updateOriginalInput({silent: silent});
				self.positionDropdown();
				self.trigger('item_remove', value, $item);
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Invokes the `create` method provided in the
		 * selectize options that should provide the data
		 * for the new item, given the user input.
		 *
		 * Once this completes, it will be added
		 * to the item list.
		 *
		 * @param {string} value
		 * @param {boolean} [triggerDropdown]
		 * @param {function} [callback]
		 * @return {boolean}
		 */
		createItem: function(input, triggerDropdown) {
			var self  = this;
			var caret = self.caretPos;
			input = input || $.trim(self.$control_input.val() || '');

			var callback = arguments[arguments.length - 1];
			if (typeof callback !== 'function') callback = function() {};

			if (typeof triggerDropdown !== 'boolean') {
				triggerDropdown = true;
			}

			if (!self.canCreate(input)) {
				callback();
				return false;
			}

			self.lock();

			var setup = (typeof self.settings.create === 'function') ? this.settings.create : function(input) {
				var data = {};
				data[self.settings.labelField] = input;
				data[self.settings.valueField] = input;
				return data;
			};

			var create = once(function(data) {
				self.unlock();

				if (!data || typeof data !== 'object') return callback();
				var value = hash_key(data[self.settings.valueField]);
				if (typeof value !== 'string') return callback();

				self.setTextboxValue('');
				self.addOption(data);
				self.setCaret(caret);
				self.addItem(value);
				self.refreshOptions(triggerDropdown && self.settings.mode !== 'single');
				callback(data);
			});

			var output = setup.apply(this, [input, create]);
			if (typeof output !== 'undefined') {
				create(output);
			}

			return true;
		},

		/**
		 * Re-renders the selected item lists.
		 */
		refreshItems: function() {
			this.lastQuery = null;

			if (this.isSetup) {
				this.addItem(this.items);
			}

			this.refreshState();
			this.updateOriginalInput();
		},

		/**
		 * Updates all state-dependent attributes
		 * and CSS classes.
		 */
		refreshState: function() {
			var invalid, self = this;
			if (self.isRequired) {
				if (self.items.length) self.isInvalid = false;
				self.$control_input.prop('required', invalid);
			}
			self.refreshClasses();
		},

		/**
		 * Updates all state-dependent CSS classes.
		 */
		refreshClasses: function() {
			var self     = this;
			var isFull   = self.isFull();
			var isLocked = self.isLocked;

			self.$wrapper
				.toggleClass('rtl', self.rtl);

			self.$control
				.toggleClass('focus', self.isFocused)
				.toggleClass('disabled', self.isDisabled)
				.toggleClass('required', self.isRequired)
				.toggleClass('invalid', self.isInvalid)
				.toggleClass('locked', isLocked)
				.toggleClass('full', isFull).toggleClass('not-full', !isFull)
				.toggleClass('input-active', self.isFocused && !self.isInputHidden)
				.toggleClass('dropdown-active', self.isOpen)
				.toggleClass('has-options', !$.isEmptyObject(self.options))
				.toggleClass('has-items', self.items.length > 0);

			self.$control_input.data('grow', !isFull && !isLocked);
		},

		/**
		 * Determines whether or not more items can be added
		 * to the control without exceeding the user-defined maximum.
		 *
		 * @returns {boolean}
		 */
		isFull: function() {
			return this.settings.maxItems !== null && this.items.length >= this.settings.maxItems;
		},

		/**
		 * Refreshes the original <select> or <input>
		 * element to reflect the current state.
		 */
		updateOriginalInput: function(opts) {
			var i, n, options, label, self = this;
			opts = opts || {};

			if (self.tagType === TAG_SELECT) {
				options = [];
				for (i = 0, n = self.items.length; i < n; i++) {
					label = self.options[self.items[i]][self.settings.labelField] || '';
					options.push('<option value="' + escape_html(self.items[i]) + '" selected="selected">' + escape_html(label) + '</option>');
				}
				if (!options.length && !this.$input.attr('multiple')) {
					options.push('<option value="" selected="selected"></option>');
				}
				self.$input.html(options.join(''));
			} else {
				self.$input.val(self.getValue());
				self.$input.attr('value',self.$input.val());
			}

			if (self.isSetup) {
				if (!opts.silent) {
					self.trigger('change', self.$input.val());
				}
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Shows/hide the input placeholder depending
		 * on if there items in the list already.
		 */
		updatePlaceholder: function() {
			if (!this.settings.placeholder) return;
			var $input = this.$control_input;

			if (this.items.length) {
				$input.removeAttr('placeholder');
			} else {
				$input.attr('placeholder', this.settings.placeholder);
			}
			$input.triggerHandler('update', {force: true});
		},

		/**
		 * Shows the autocomplete dropdown containing
		 * the available options.
		 */
		open: function() {
			var self = this;

			if (self.isLocked || self.isOpen || (self.settings.mode === 'multi' && self.isFull())) return;
			self.focus();
			self.isOpen = true;
			self.refreshState();
			self.$dropdown.css({visibility: 'hidden', display: 'block'});
			self.positionDropdown();
			self.$dropdown.css({visibility: 'visible'});
			self.trigger('dropdown_open', self.$dropdown);
		},

		/**
		 * Closes the autocomplete dropdown menu.
		 */
		close: function() {
			var self = this;
			var trigger = self.isOpen;

			if (self.settings.mode === 'single' && self.items.length) {
				self.hideInput();
			}

			self.isOpen = false;
			self.$dropdown.hide();
			self.setActiveOption(null);
			self.refreshState();

			if (trigger) self.trigger('dropdown_close', self.$dropdown);
		},

		/**
		 * Calculates and applies the appropriate
		 * position of the dropdown.
		 */
		positionDropdown: function() {
			var $control = this.$control;
			var offset = this.settings.dropdownParent === 'body' ? $control.offset() : $control.position();
			offset.top += $control.outerHeight(true);

			this.$dropdown.css({
				width : $control.outerWidth(),
				top   : offset.top,
				left  : offset.left
			});
		},

		/**
		 * Resets / clears all selected items
		 * from the control.
		 *
		 * @param {boolean} silent
		 */
		clear: function(silent) {
			var self = this;

			if (!self.items.length) return;
			self.$control.children(':not(input)').remove();
			self.items = [];
			self.lastQuery = null;
			self.setCaret(0);
			self.setActiveItem(null);
			self.updatePlaceholder();
			self.updateOriginalInput({silent: silent});
			self.refreshState();
			self.showInput();
			self.trigger('clear');
		},

		/**
		 * A helper method for inserting an element
		 * at the current caret position.
		 *
		 * @param {object} $el
		 */
		insertAtCaret: function($el) {
			var caret = Math.min(this.caretPos, this.items.length);
			if (caret === 0) {
				this.$control.prepend($el);
			} else {
				$(this.$control[0].childNodes[caret]).before($el);
			}
			this.setCaret(caret + 1);
		},

		/**
		 * Removes the current selected item(s).
		 *
		 * @param {object} e (optional)
		 * @returns {boolean}
		 */
		deleteSelection: function(e) {
			var i, n, direction, selection, values, caret, option_select, $option_select, $tail;
			var self = this;

			direction = (e && e.keyCode === KEY_BACKSPACE) ? -1 : 1;
			selection = getSelection(self.$control_input[0]);

			if (self.$activeOption && !self.settings.hideSelected) {
				option_select = self.getAdjacentOption(self.$activeOption, -1).attr('data-value');
			}

			// determine items that will be removed
			values = [];

			if (self.$activeItems.length) {
				$tail = self.$control.children('.active:' + (direction > 0 ? 'last' : 'first'));
				caret = self.$control.children(':not(input)').index($tail);
				if (direction > 0) { caret++; }

				for (i = 0, n = self.$activeItems.length; i < n; i++) {
					values.push($(self.$activeItems[i]).attr('data-value'));
				}
				if (e) {
					e.preventDefault();
					e.stopPropagation();
				}
			} else if ((self.isFocused || self.settings.mode === 'single') && self.items.length) {
				if (direction < 0 && selection.start === 0 && selection.length === 0) {
					values.push(self.items[self.caretPos - 1]);
				} else if (direction > 0 && selection.start === self.$control_input.val().length) {
					values.push(self.items[self.caretPos]);
				}
			}

			// allow the callback to abort
			if (!values.length || (typeof self.settings.onDelete === 'function' && self.settings.onDelete.apply(self, [values]) === false)) {
				return false;
			}

			// perform removal
			if (typeof caret !== 'undefined') {
				self.setCaret(caret);
			}
			while (values.length) {
				self.removeItem(values.pop());
			}

			self.showInput();
			self.positionDropdown();
			self.refreshOptions(true);

			// select previous option
			if (option_select) {
				$option_select = self.getOption(option_select);
				if ($option_select.length) {
					self.setActiveOption($option_select);
				}
			}

			return true;
		},

		/**
		 * Selects the previous / next item (depending
		 * on the `direction` argument).
		 *
		 * > 0 - right
		 * < 0 - left
		 *
		 * @param {int} direction
		 * @param {object} e (optional)
		 */
		advanceSelection: function(direction, e) {
			var tail, selection, idx, valueLength, cursorAtEdge, $tail;
			var self = this;

			if (direction === 0) return;
			if (self.rtl) direction *= -1;

			tail = direction > 0 ? 'last' : 'first';
			selection = getSelection(self.$control_input[0]);

			if (self.isFocused && !self.isInputHidden) {
				valueLength = self.$control_input.val().length;
				cursorAtEdge = direction < 0
					? selection.start === 0 && selection.length === 0
					: selection.start === valueLength;

				if (cursorAtEdge && !valueLength) {
					self.advanceCaret(direction, e);
				}
			} else {
				$tail = self.$control.children('.active:' + tail);
				if ($tail.length) {
					idx = self.$control.children(':not(input)').index($tail);
					self.setActiveItem(null);
					self.setCaret(direction > 0 ? idx + 1 : idx);
				}
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Moves the caret left / right.
		 *
		 * @param {int} direction
		 * @param {object} e (optional)
		 */
		advanceCaret: function(direction, e) {
			var self = this, fn, $adj;

			if (direction === 0) return;

			fn = direction > 0 ? 'next' : 'prev';
			if (self.isShiftDown) {
				$adj = self.$control_input[fn]();
				if ($adj.length) {
					self.hideInput();
					self.setActiveItem($adj);
					e && e.preventDefault();
				}
			} else {
				self.setCaret(self.caretPos + direction);
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Moves the caret to the specified index.
		 *
		 * @param {int} i
		 */
		setCaret: function(i) {
			var self = this;

			if (self.settings.mode === 'single') {
				i = self.items.length;
			} else {
				i = Math.max(0, Math.min(self.items.length, i));
			}

			if(!self.isPending) {
				// the input must be moved by leaving it in place and moving the
				// siblings, due to the fact that focus cannot be restored once lost
				// on mobile webkit devices
				var j, n, fn, $children, $child;
				$children = self.$control.children(':not(input)');
				for (j = 0, n = $children.length; j < n; j++) {
					$child = $($children[j]).detach();
					if (j <  i) {
						self.$control_input.before($child);
					} else {
						self.$control.append($child);
					}
				}
			}

			self.caretPos = i;
		},

		/**
		 * Disables user input on the control. Used while
		 * items are being asynchronously created.
		 */
		lock: function() {
			this.close();
			this.isLocked = true;
			this.refreshState();
		},

		/**
		 * Re-enables user input on the control.
		 */
		unlock: function() {
			this.isLocked = false;
			this.refreshState();
		},

		/**
		 * Disables user input on the control completely.
		 * While disabled, it cannot receive focus.
		 */
		disable: function() {
			var self = this;
			self.$input.prop('disabled', true);
			self.$control_input.prop('disabled', true).prop('tabindex', -1);
			self.isDisabled = true;
			self.lock();
		},

		/**
		 * Enables the control so that it can respond
		 * to focus and user input.
		 */
		enable: function() {
			var self = this;
			self.$input.prop('disabled', false);
			self.$control_input.prop('disabled', false).prop('tabindex', self.tabIndex);
			self.isDisabled = false;
			self.unlock();
		},

		/**
		 * Completely destroys the control and
		 * unbinds all event listeners so that it can
		 * be garbage collected.
		 */
		destroy: function() {
			var self = this;
			var eventNS = self.eventNS;
			var revertSettings = self.revertSettings;

			self.trigger('destroy');
			self.off();
			self.$wrapper.remove();
			self.$dropdown.remove();

			self.$input
				.html('')
				.append(revertSettings.$children)
				.removeAttr('tabindex')
				.removeClass('selectized')
				.attr({tabindex: revertSettings.tabindex})
				.show();

			self.$control_input.removeData('grow');
			self.$input.removeData('selectize');

			$(window).off(eventNS);
			$(document).off(eventNS);
			$(document.body).off(eventNS);

			delete self.$input[0].selectize;
		},

		/**
		 * A helper method for rendering "item" and
		 * "option" templates, given the data.
		 *
		 * @param {string} templateName
		 * @param {object} data
		 * @returns {string}
		 */
		render: function(templateName, data) {
			var value, id, label;
			var html = '';
			var cache = false;
			var self = this;
			var regex_tag = /^[\t \r\n]*<([a-z][a-z0-9\-_]*(?:\:[a-z][a-z0-9\-_]*)?)/i;

			if (templateName === 'option' || templateName === 'item') {
				value = hash_key(data[self.settings.valueField]);
				cache = !!value;
			}

			// pull markup from cache if it exists
			if (cache) {
				if (!isset(self.renderCache[templateName])) {
					self.renderCache[templateName] = {};
				}
				if (self.renderCache[templateName].hasOwnProperty(value)) {
					return self.renderCache[templateName][value];
				}
			}

			// render markup
			html = self.settings.render[templateName].apply(this, [data, escape_html]);

			// add mandatory attributes
			if (templateName === 'option' || templateName === 'option_create') {
				html = html.replace(regex_tag, '<$1 data-selectable');
			}
			if (templateName === 'optgroup') {
				id = data[self.settings.optgroupValueField] || '';
				html = html.replace(regex_tag, '<$1 data-group="' + escape_replace(escape_html(id)) + '"');
			}
			if (templateName === 'option' || templateName === 'item') {
				html = html.replace(regex_tag, '<$1 data-value="' + escape_replace(escape_html(value || '')) + '"');
			}

			// update cache
			if (cache) {
				self.renderCache[templateName][value] = html;
			}

			return html;
		},

		/**
		 * Clears the render cache for a template. If
		 * no template is given, clears all render
		 * caches.
		 *
		 * @param {string} templateName
		 */
		clearCache: function(templateName) {
			var self = this;
			if (typeof templateName === 'undefined') {
				self.renderCache = {};
			} else {
				delete self.renderCache[templateName];
			}
		},

		/**
		 * Determines whether or not to display the
		 * create item prompt, given a user input.
		 *
		 * @param {string} input
		 * @return {boolean}
		 */
		canCreate: function(input) {
			var self = this;
			if (!self.settings.create) return false;
			var filter = self.settings.createFilter;
			return input.length
				&& (typeof filter !== 'function' || filter.apply(self, [input]))
				&& (typeof filter !== 'string' || new RegExp(filter).test(input))
				&& (!(filter instanceof RegExp) || filter.test(input));
		}

	});


	Selectize.count = 0;
	Selectize.defaults = {
		options: [],
		optgroups: [],

		plugins: [],
		delimiter: ',',
		splitOn: null, // regexp or string for splitting up values from a paste command
		persist: true,
		diacritics: true,
		create: false,
		createOnBlur: false,
		createFilter: null,
		highlight: true,
		openOnFocus: true,
		maxOptions: 1000,
		maxItems: null,
		hideSelected: null,
		addPrecedence: false,
		selectOnTab: false,
		preload: false,
		allowEmptyOption: false,
		closeAfterSelect: false,

		scrollDuration: 60,
		loadThrottle: 300,
		loadingClass: 'loading',

		dataAttr: 'data-data',
		optgroupField: 'optgroup',
		valueField: 'value',
		labelField: 'text',
		optgroupLabelField: 'label',
		optgroupValueField: 'value',
		lockOptgroupOrder: false,

		sortField: '$order',
		searchField: ['text'],
		searchConjunction: 'and',

		mode: null,
		wrapperClass: 'selectize-control',
		inputClass: 'selectize-input',
		dropdownClass: 'selectize-dropdown',
		dropdownContentClass: 'selectize-dropdown-content',

		dropdownParent: null,

		copyClassesToDropdown: true,

		/*
		load                 : null, // function(query, callback) { ... }
		score                : null, // function(search) { ... }
		onInitialize         : null, // function() { ... }
		onChange             : null, // function(value) { ... }
		onItemAdd            : null, // function(value, $item) { ... }
		onItemRemove         : null, // function(value) { ... }
		onClear              : null, // function() { ... }
		onOptionAdd          : null, // function(value, data) { ... }
		onOptionRemove       : null, // function(value) { ... }
		onOptionClear        : null, // function() { ... }
		onOptionGroupAdd     : null, // function(id, data) { ... }
		onOptionGroupRemove  : null, // function(id) { ... }
		onOptionGroupClear   : null, // function() { ... }
		onDropdownOpen       : null, // function($dropdown) { ... }
		onDropdownClose      : null, // function($dropdown) { ... }
		onType               : null, // function(str) { ... }
		onDelete             : null, // function(values) { ... }
		*/

		render: {
			/*
			item: null,
			optgroup: null,
			optgroup_header: null,
			option: null,
			option_create: null
			*/
		}
	};


	$.fn.selectize = function(settings_user) {
		var defaults             = $.fn.selectize.defaults;
		var settings             = $.extend({}, defaults, settings_user);
		var attr_data            = settings.dataAttr;
		var field_label          = settings.labelField;
		var field_value          = settings.valueField;
		var field_optgroup       = settings.optgroupField;
		var field_optgroup_label = settings.optgroupLabelField;
		var field_optgroup_value = settings.optgroupValueField;

		/**
		 * Initializes selectize from a <input type="text"> element.
		 *
		 * @param {object} $input
		 * @param {object} settings_element
		 */
		var init_textbox = function($input, settings_element) {
			var i, n, values, option;

			var data_raw = $input.attr(attr_data);

			if (!data_raw) {
				var value = $.trim($input.val() || '');
				if (!settings.allowEmptyOption && !value.length) return;
				values = value.split(settings.delimiter);
				for (i = 0, n = values.length; i < n; i++) {
					option = {};
					option[field_label] = values[i];
					option[field_value] = values[i];
					settings_element.options.push(option);
				}
				settings_element.items = values;
			} else {
				settings_element.options = JSON.parse(data_raw);
				for (i = 0, n = settings_element.options.length; i < n; i++) {
					settings_element.items.push(settings_element.options[i][field_value]);
				}
			}
		};

		/**
		 * Initializes selectize from a <select> element.
		 *
		 * @param {object} $input
		 * @param {object} settings_element
		 */
		var init_select = function($input, settings_element) {
			var i, n, tagName, $children, order = 0;
			var options = settings_element.options;
			var optionsMap = {};

			var readData = function($el) {
				var data = attr_data && $el.attr(attr_data);
				if (typeof data === 'string' && data.length) {
					return JSON.parse(data);
				}
				return null;
			};

			var addOption = function($option, group) {
				$option = $($option);

				var value = hash_key($option.attr('value'));
				if (!value && !settings.allowEmptyOption) return;

				// if the option already exists, it's probably been
				// duplicated in another optgroup. in this case, push
				// the current group to the "optgroup" property on the
				// existing option so that it's rendered in both places.
				if (optionsMap.hasOwnProperty(value)) {
					if (group) {
						var arr = optionsMap[value][field_optgroup];
						if (!arr) {
							optionsMap[value][field_optgroup] = group;
						} else if (!$.isArray(arr)) {
							optionsMap[value][field_optgroup] = [arr, group];
						} else {
							arr.push(group);
						}
					}
					return;
				}

				var option             = readData($option) || {};
				option[field_label]    = option[field_label] || $option.text();
				option[field_value]    = option[field_value] || value;
				option[field_optgroup] = option[field_optgroup] || group;

				optionsMap[value] = option;
				options.push(option);

				if ($option.is(':selected')) {
					settings_element.items.push(value);
				}
			};

			var addGroup = function($optgroup) {
				var i, n, id, optgroup, $options;

				$optgroup = $($optgroup);
				id = $optgroup.attr('label');

				if (id) {
					optgroup = readData($optgroup) || {};
					optgroup[field_optgroup_label] = id;
					optgroup[field_optgroup_value] = id;
					settings_element.optgroups.push(optgroup);
				}

				$options = $('option', $optgroup);
				for (i = 0, n = $options.length; i < n; i++) {
					addOption($options[i], id);
				}
			};

			settings_element.maxItems = $input.attr('multiple') ? null : 1;

			$children = $input.children();
			for (i = 0, n = $children.length; i < n; i++) {
				tagName = $children[i].tagName.toLowerCase();
				if (tagName === 'optgroup') {
					addGroup($children[i]);
				} else if (tagName === 'option') {
					addOption($children[i]);
				}
			}
		};

		return this.each(function() {
			if (this.selectize) return;

			var instance;
			var $input = $(this);
			var tag_name = this.tagName.toLowerCase();
			var placeholder = $input.attr('placeholder') || $input.attr('data-placeholder');
			if (!placeholder && !settings.allowEmptyOption) {
				placeholder = $input.children('option[value=""]').text();
			}

			var settings_element = {
				'placeholder' : placeholder,
				'options'     : [],
				'optgroups'   : [],
				'items'       : []
			};

			if (tag_name === 'select') {
				init_select($input, settings_element);
			} else {
				init_textbox($input, settings_element);
			}

			instance = new Selectize($input, $.extend(true, {}, defaults, settings_element, settings_user));
		});
	};

	$.fn.selectize.defaults = Selectize.defaults;
	$.fn.selectize.support = {
		validity: SUPPORTS_VALIDITY_API
	};


	Selectize.define('drag_drop', function(options) {
		if (!$.fn.sortable) throw new Error('The "drag_drop" plugin requires jQuery UI "sortable".');
		if (this.settings.mode !== 'multi') return;
		var self = this;

		self.lock = (function() {
			var original = self.lock;
			return function() {
				var sortable = self.$control.data('sortable');
				if (sortable) sortable.disable();
				return original.apply(self, arguments);
			};
		})();

		self.unlock = (function() {
			var original = self.unlock;
			return function() {
				var sortable = self.$control.data('sortable');
				if (sortable) sortable.enable();
				return original.apply(self, arguments);
			};
		})();

		self.setup = (function() {
			var original = self.setup;
			return function() {
				original.apply(this, arguments);

				var $control = self.$control.sortable({
					items: '[data-value]',
					forcePlaceholderSize: true,
					disabled: self.isLocked,
					start: function(e, ui) {
						ui.placeholder.css('width', ui.helper.css('width'));
						$control.css({overflow: 'visible'});
					},
					stop: function() {
						$control.css({overflow: 'hidden'});
						var active = self.$activeItems ? self.$activeItems.slice() : null;
						var values = [];
						$control.children('[data-value]').each(function() {
							values.push($(this).attr('data-value'));
						});
						self.setValue(values);
						self.setActiveItem(active);
					}
				});
			};
		})();

	});

	Selectize.define('dropdown_header', function(options) {
		var self = this;

		options = $.extend({
			title         : 'Untitled',
			headerClass   : 'selectize-dropdown-header',
			titleRowClass : 'selectize-dropdown-header-title',
			labelClass    : 'selectize-dropdown-header-label',
			closeClass    : 'selectize-dropdown-header-close',

			html: function(data) {
				return (
					'<div class="' + data.headerClass + '">' +
						'<div class="' + data.titleRowClass + '">' +
							'<span class="' + data.labelClass + '">' + data.title + '</span>' +
							'<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="' + data.closeClass + '">&times;</a>' +
						'</div>' +
					'</div>'
				);
			}
		}, options);

		self.setup = (function() {
			var original = self.setup;
			return function() {
				original.apply(self, arguments);
				self.$dropdown_header = $(options.html(options));
				self.$dropdown.prepend(self.$dropdown_header);
			};
		})();

	});

	Selectize.define('optgroup_columns', function(options) {
		var self = this;

		options = $.extend({
			equalizeWidth  : true,
			equalizeHeight : true
		}, options);

		this.getAdjacentOption = function($option, direction) {
			var $options = $option.closest('[data-group]').find('[data-selectable]');
			var index    = $options.index($option) + direction;

			return index >= 0 && index < $options.length ? $options.eq(index) : $();
		};

		this.onKeyDown = (function() {
			var original = self.onKeyDown;
			return function(e) {
				var index, $option, $options, $optgroup;

				if (this.isOpen && (e.keyCode === KEY_LEFT || e.keyCode === KEY_RIGHT)) {
					self.ignoreHover = true;
					$optgroup = this.$activeOption.closest('[data-group]');
					index = $optgroup.find('[data-selectable]').index(this.$activeOption);

					if(e.keyCode === KEY_LEFT) {
						$optgroup = $optgroup.prev('[data-group]');
					} else {
						$optgroup = $optgroup.next('[data-group]');
					}

					$options = $optgroup.find('[data-selectable]');
					$option  = $options.eq(Math.min($options.length - 1, index));
					if ($option.length) {
						this.setActiveOption($option);
					}
					return;
				}

				return original.apply(this, arguments);
			};
		})();

		var getScrollbarWidth = function() {
			var div;
			var width = getScrollbarWidth.width;
			var doc = document;

			if (typeof width === 'undefined') {
				div = doc.createElement('div');
				div.innerHTML = '<div style="width:50px;height:50px;position:absolute;left:-50px;top:-50px;overflow:auto;"><div style="width:1px;height:100px;"></div></div>';
				div = div.firstChild;
				doc.body.appendChild(div);
				width = getScrollbarWidth.width = div.offsetWidth - div.clientWidth;
				doc.body.removeChild(div);
			}
			return width;
		};

		var equalizeSizes = function() {
			var i, n, height_max, width, width_last, width_parent, $optgroups;

			$optgroups = $('[data-group]', self.$dropdown_content);
			n = $optgroups.length;
			if (!n || !self.$dropdown_content.width()) return;

			if (options.equalizeHeight) {
				height_max = 0;
				for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
					height_max = Math.max(height_max, $optgroups.eq(i).height());
				}
				$optgroups.css({height: height_max});
			}

			if (options.equalizeWidth) {
				width_parent = self.$dropdown_content.innerWidth() - getScrollbarWidth();
				width = Math.round(width_parent / n);
				$optgroups.css({width: width});
				if (n > 1) {
					width_last = width_parent - width * (n - 1);
					$optgroups.eq(n - 1).css({width: width_last});
				}
			}
		};

		if (options.equalizeHeight || options.equalizeWidth) {
			hook.after(this, 'positionDropdown', equalizeSizes);
			hook.after(this, 'refreshOptions', equalizeSizes);
		}


	});

	Selectize.define('remove_button', function(options) {
		if (this.settings.mode === 'single') return;

		options = $.extend({
			label     : '&times;',
			title     : 'Remove',
			className : 'remove',
			append    : true
		}, options);

		var self = this;
		var html = '<a href="javascript:void(0)" class="' + options.className + '" tabindex="-1" title="' + escape_html(options.title) + '">' + options.label + '</a>';

		/**
		 * Appends an element as a child (with raw HTML).
		 *
		 * @param {string} html_container
		 * @param {string} html_element
		 * @return {string}
		 */
		var append = function(html_container, html_element) {
			var pos = html_container.search(/(<\/[^>]+>\s*)$/);
			return html_container.substring(0, pos) + html_element + html_container.substring(pos);
		};

		this.setup = (function() {
			var original = self.setup;
			return function() {
				// override the item rendering method to add the button to each
				if (options.append) {
					var render_item = self.settings.render.item;
					self.settings.render.item = function(data) {
						return append(render_item.apply(this, arguments), html);
					};
				}

				original.apply(this, arguments);

				// add event listener
				this.$control.on('click', '.' + options.className, function(e) {
					e.preventDefault();
					if (self.isLocked) return;

					var $item = $(e.currentTarget).parent();
					self.setActiveItem($item);
					if (self.deleteSelection()) {
						self.setCaret(self.items.length);
					}
				});

			};
		})();

	});

	Selectize.define('restore_on_backspace', function(options) {
		var self = this;

		options.text = options.text || function(option) {
			return option[this.settings.labelField];
		};

		this.onKeyDown = (function() {
			var original = self.onKeyDown;
			return function(e) {
				var index, option;
				if (e.keyCode === KEY_BACKSPACE && this.$control_input.val() === '' && !this.$activeItems.length) {
					index = this.caretPos - 1;
					if (index >= 0 && index < this.items.length) {
						option = this.options[this.items[index]];
						if (this.deleteSelection(e)) {
							this.setTextboxValue(options.text.apply(this, [option]));
							this.refreshOptions(true);
						}
						e.preventDefault();
						return;
					}
				}
				return original.apply(this, arguments);
			};
		})();
	});


	return Selectize;
}));