CambridgeMolecularEngineering/SCQA_FirstTurn

answers dict	title stringlengths 16 40	context stringlengths 13 1.96k	question stringclasses 124 values	id stringlengths 1 5
{ "text": [ "8.6" ], "answer_start": [ 116 ] }	10.1039/C5TA03731J	Transferring TiO2 nanotubes to ordered hierarchical nanoparticles with NH4F solution may result in an efficiency of 8.6% as demonstrated in a flexible FDSC with 30% improvement from the untreated group (Fig.	What is ?	23173
{ "text": [ "5.57%" ], "answer_start": [ 114 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.05.037	Compared to mCPPR, device with pCPPR shows significantly improved JSC (15.12mA/cm2), generating an overall PCE of 5.57%.	What is the value of PCE?	27505
{ "text": [ "7.68%" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2014.07.106	As a result, η of Cell-THS is improved to 7.68%.	What is the value of η?	54401
{ "text": [ "11.59mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 123 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2019.07.068	The DSSCs sensitized by FWD7 and FWD8 exhibited good photovoltaic parameters: short-circuit current density (Jsc) 9.88 and 11.59mAcm−2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) 0.69 and 0.75V, and power conversion efficiency (η) 4.89% and 6.01%, respectively.	What is the value of Jsc?	58710
{ "text": [ "Au" ], "answer_start": [ 198 ] }	10.1039/C8RA00639C	This is also consistent with the strong interaction existing in MAPbI3−x(SCN)x perovskite.Then, we constructed a solar device with the GAPb(SCN)3 perovskite using spiro-MeOTAD as the HTM layer, and Au as counter electrode, as shown in Fig.	What is electrode?	13849
{ "text": [ "1000W/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 198 ] }	10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163567	The electrolyte was then injected into the filling gap between the sandwiched electrodes.The PCE of a completed cell was evaluated by current-voltage (JV) characteristics with Keithley (4200) under 1000W/cm2, AM 1.5 light intensity.	What is the value of light intensity?	38421
{ "text": [ "16.76%" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2018.05.020	The PCEs of PSCs with AgAl(3)/Au(2)/LiF(1) for reverse and forward scans are respectively 16.76% and 16.64%, which yielded a difference of 0.7% in PCE values, indicating the neglected hysteresis effect.	What is the value of PCE?	11984
{ "text": [ "1000W/m2" ], "answer_start": [ 95 ] }	10.1016/j.cej.2019.123589	Current-voltage measurements were carried out using Keithley 2400 under AM 1.5G illuminations (1000W/m2) from a solar simulator (Newport Oriel Solar 3A Class AAA, 64023A).	What is the value of solar?	88
{ "text": [ "0.15%" ], "answer_start": [ 59 ] }	10.1016/j.polymer.2010.10.018	Interestingly, it is noticeable that the PCE values of D2 (0.15%), D3 (0.11%), and PDFTP (0.02%) were much lower than those of H-bonded polymer networks PDFTP/D2 (0.31%) and PDFTP/D3 (0.24%).	What is the value of PCE?	56798
{ "text": [ "15–20" ], "answer_start": [ 43 ] }	10.1039/C3TA12533E	The SnO2 branch has an average diameter of 15–20 nm and a length of 200–700 nm.	What is SnO2?	73591
{ "text": [ "0.16 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 48 ] }	10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.08.023	The active area of the dye-coated TiO2 film was 0.16 cm2, which was measured by profilometer (Ambios, XP-1).	What is the value of active area?	44322
{ "text": [ "7.6" ], "answer_start": [ 133 ] }	10.1039/C5TA04828A	When the HTM was doped with 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) and Li-[CF3SO2]2N-LiTFSI, all the parameters improved dramatically with JSC = 7.6 mA cm−2, VOC = 1.23 V, FF = 0.6 and PCE = 5.6% for the best cell (plot b in Fig.	What is ?	22302
{ "text": [ "3.169mA" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }	10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.026	DSSCs fabricated using GQDs reported a VOC (0.640V) and ISC (3.169mA), achieving an overall PCE of 1.26%.	What is the value of ISC?	34498
{ "text": [ "9.28%" ], "answer_start": [ 158 ] }	10.1039/C5TA01665G	The performance of device A containing TP3 and YR6 in a solution of molar ratio 500:1 led to the η value of 8.58%, and it increased to 9.17% for device B and 9.28% for device C when the devices were prepared at the TP3/YR6 molar ratios of 100:1 and 50:1, respectively.	What is the value of η?	64071
{ "text": [ "I3−/I−" ], "answer_start": [ 96 ] }	10.1039/C4RA00583J	It is well known that the electrocatalytic activity of an electrocatalyst for redox reaction of I3−/I− in a solar cell can be evaluated in terms of its cathodic peak potential (Epc), cathodic peak current (Ipc) and peak to peak voltage separation (Epp).	What is redox reaction?	77033
{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2019.03.047	Such an interfacial PbI2 layer has been widely observed for various substrates including the FTO/TiO2/PCBM substrates used in this study.	What is FTO?	5386
{ "text": [ "8.23%" ], "answer_start": [ 100 ] }	10.1039/C4TA02230K	With coating of Au NPs, the performance was optimized and the highest Jsc of 15.84 mA cm−2 and η of 8.23% were achieved, which is 14.78% enchancement in efficiency compared to bare TiO2 crystals and 8.86% increase compared to the device based on NaYF4:Yb,Er@SiO2 crystals.	What is the value of η?	73243
{ "text": [ "FTO" ], "answer_start": [ 460 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.08.012	INDO/S (intermediate neglect of differential overlap/spectroscopic) calculation was performed using single excitation full SCF/CI (self-consistent field/configuration interaction), which included the configuration with one electron excited from any occupied orbital to any unoccupied orbital, where 225 configurations were considered [keyword CI (15 15)].The TiO2 paste (JGC Catalysts and Chemicals Ltd., PST-18NR) was deposited on a fluorine-doped-tin-oxide (FTO) substrate by doctor-blading, and sintered for 50minat 450°C.	What is substrate?	47935
{ "text": [ "14.42mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 141 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2019.08.026	Notably, PCBM:4,4′-BiPy can also remarkably improve the performance of the CsPbI2Br-based devices, yielding a highest PCE of 12.09% with JSC=14.42mAcm−2, VOC=1.08V and FF=77.64% ().	What is the value of JSC?	11820
{ "text": [ "7.37%" ], "answer_start": [ 116 ] }	10.1039/C2RA01326F	These values were comparable to those of the cell based on N3 (Jsc = 15.6 mA cm−2, Voc = 656 mV, ff = 0.72, and η = 7.37%) measured in the same conditions.According to Fig.	What is the value of η?	74016
{ "text": [ "0 s" ], "answer_start": [ 208 ] }	10.1039/C6TA05053K	An external forward bias (at the Voc point) was applied to the devices for 1 minute without illumination, followed by releasing the voltage to 0 V and recording the current as a function of time for another 60 s.	What is the value of time?	13944
{ "text": [ "13.58mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 101 ] }	10.1016/j.apt.2019.07.023	It can be observed that the Cell-TiO2-HSs/P25 has a slightly lower Voc of 0.817V, a higher Jsc up to 13.58mAcm−2, a similar FF of 71.15% and an increased PCE of 7.90% relative to the Cell-P25.	What is the value of Jsc?	46770
{ "text": [ "5.18%" ], "answer_start": [ 156 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2014.06.015	Using the proposed approach, the maximum values of the DSSC photovoltaic properties were found to be Voc: ∼0.68 V, Jsc: ∼12.69 mA/cm2, FF: ∼0.60, and PCE: ∼5.18% for the case of CE with a MWCNT thin film thickness of 60–70 μm.	What is the value of PCE?	49839
{ "text": [ "14.99 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }	10.1016/j.solmat.2016.09.014	The best performing double coated 45 nm ETL device shows a PCE of 8.77% with the JSC, VOC and FF value of 14.99 mA/cm2, 0.932 V and 62.67%.	What is the value of JSC?	5334
{ "text": [ "6.21%" ], "answer_start": [ 209 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.05.050	For the Cl doped cubic CsPbBr3(Cl), the value of Voc increases from 0.98 to 1.02V, Jsc increases from 7.14 to 8.47mAcm−2, fill factor decreases slightly from 0.719 to 0.716, and the PCE increases from 5.04 to 6.21%.	What is the value of PCE?	6246
{ "text": [ "11.7%" ], "answer_start": [ 88 ] }	10.1016/j.orgel.2016.01.002	The optimum perovskite layer thickness ∼340nm perovskite solar cell achieves the PCE of 11.7%, with the Jsc of 16.1mAcm−2, Voc of 0.99V and FF of 74%.To investigate the universality for different substrates, we fabricated the HTL-free perovskite solar cells on the flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate.	What is the value of PCE?	5192
{ "text": [ "10.2 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 191 ] }	10.1016/j.solmat.2008.08.004	Under illumination, the DPA-doped polymer system is found to exhibit short-circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (ff) and conversion efficiency (η) values of 10.2 mA/cm2, 810 mV, 0.47% and 6.5%, respectively, whereas the undoped polymer shows apparently lower values of short-circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (ff) and conversion efficiency (η), as seen from .	What is the value of Jsc?	40803
{ "text": [ "19.7 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 71 ] }	10.1016/j.cej.2017.07.160	The calculated Jsc values from integration of EQE spectra are 19.9 and 19.7 mA/cm2 for Ti doped MoO2 HTM based device and pristine MoO2 HTM based device and these values are well matched with the Jsc in J-V curves.Finally, we checked the stability of unencapsulated n-i-p type planar MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells with Ti doped MoO2 HTM and pristine MoO2 HTM as shown in (a).	What is the value of Jsc?	1950
{ "text": [ "gold" ], "answer_start": [ 67 ] }	10.1039/C6TA09582H	Finally, the metal electrode was deposited by magnetron sputtering gold through a metal mask to afford an effective active area of 0.16 cm2.X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra were recorded on a RigakuCo.	What is electrode?	12228
{ "text": [ "0.588V" ], "answer_start": [ 166 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.04.059	After a thin layer of TiO2 was coated on the SnO2 NF network by using the liquid atomic layer deposition method, the Voc and Jsc increased slightly to 9.80mAcm−2 and 0.588V, respectively.	What is the value of Voc?	35483
{ "text": [ "17.2mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 107 ] }	10.1016/j.cap.2014.09.015	An optimum DSSC performance was achieved at 4th cycles using an aniline monomer solution, resulting in Jsc=17.2mAcm−2, Voc=0.71V, FF=59.3%, and efficiency (η)=7.24%.	What is the value of Jsc?	59105
{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 195 ] }	10.1039/C4RA14190C	Thus, this study provides that the co-sensitization method employing two kinds of D–π–A dyes with pyridyl group possessing bonding ability to both Brønsted acid sites and the Lewis acid sites on TiO2 surface is one of the most promising strategy to enhance dye coverage on TiO2 electrode and LHE for DSSCs, leading to improvement in photovoltaic performances of co-sensitized DSSCs.† Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Details of experimental procedures.	What is ?	61467
{ "text": [ "22.61mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 223 ] }	10.1016/j.jssc.2019.05.027	It is found that enhanced PCE primarily originated from simultaneous improvement of three photovoltaic parameters, among which FF (from 61.81% to 71.12%) shown significant improvement, whereas both Jsc (from 21.34mA/cm2 to 22.61mA/cm2) and Voc (from 0.92V to 0.94V) only exhibited small increases.	What is the value of Jsc?	7516
{ "text": [ "3.0%" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }	10.1039/C7NJ01059A	Recently, the highest recorded conversion efficiency (η) of 13.0% was achieved with Zn–porphyrin complex-based DSSCs.	What is the value of η?	74115
{ "text": [ "6.86Ω" ], "answer_start": [ 112 ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.01.153	The CoTe2@NCNTs exhibits a lower Rct (0.814Ω) compared to those of CoTe2@NGC (1.88Ω), Pt (2.88Ω), CoTe2 powder (6.86Ω), NCNTs (13.55Ω) and NGC (15.46Ω).	What is the value of Rct?	59602
{ "text": [ "0.951V" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.03.123	Therefore, the improvement in the VOC from 0.895V to 0.951V can be explained due to the increase in the FF (b)) were measured with different scanning conditions.	What is the value of VOC?	4057
{ "text": [ "76.98%" ], "answer_start": [ 190 ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.09.052	With perovskite bandgap ranging from 1.65 eV~1.69 eV, the corresponding PCE increased from 15.73% to 19.84%, mainly due to the increases of Jsc from 13.88 to 15.08 mA/cm2, FF from 70.45% to 76.98%, and Voc increasing from 1.609 to 1.709 V.	What is the value of FF?	4781
{ "text": [ "PtCo" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }	10.1039/C6CS00752J	Aiming at reducing the cost of CEs and enhancing the performance of the DSSC devices, many alloy CEs have been researched, including Pt alloy CEs: Pt0.02Co, PtCo2, PtCo, PtCo0.50, PtNi0.50, PtNi0.75, Pt3Ni, PtNi, PtFe, Pt0.96Ni0.04, PtMo, PtMn0.05, PtCr0.05, PtPd1.25, PtRu3, PtRu, PtAu; free-Pt alloy CEs: CoNi0.25, CoNi, FeCo2, FeSe, FeNi, Co0.85Se, CoSe, Ni0.85Se, NiSe, MoSe, Cu0.50Se, Ru0.33Se, RuSe, Pd7Se4, NiPd; and ternary alloy CEs: PtCuNi, PtCoNi, PtPdNi, PtFeNi, etc.	What is CE?	66545
{ "text": [ "0.756 V" ], "answer_start": [ 189 ] }	10.1039/C4RA00596A	The short-circuit current density (JSC), open-circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (ff), and power conversion efficiency (η) of a conventional cell (TiO2 photoanode cell) were 10.38 mA cm−2, 0.756 V, 0.73, and 5.73%, respectively.	What is the value of VOC?	71441
{ "text": [ "19.0%" ], "answer_start": [ 324 ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.04.027	Incorporation of the MgO interfacial layers between the SnO2 and the perovskite films led to considerable enhancements in PV performance: at the favourable spin speed (5k rpm), it was quantified to be 25% in relative terms with respect to the SnO2 only counterparts resulting in an average PCE of 17.9% and a maximum PCE of 19.0%.	What is the value of PCE?	831
{ "text": [ "CH3NH3PbI3−xClx" ], "answer_start": [ 88 ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.08.055	It should be mentioned that by further applying compositional engineering such as using CH3NH3PbI3−xClx perovskite precursor and using interface engineering approach, the efficiency of planar heterojunction solar cell could be further enhanced up to 18.9%.	What is perovskite?	2293
{ "text": [ "9.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 149 ] }	10.1039/C5TA08963H	On the thicker perovskite film (∼135 nm), the measured J–V curve under illumination produced Jsc, Voc, FF, and PCE of 17 mA cm−2, 1.09 V, 0.535, and 9.9%, respectively (Fig.	What is the value of PCE?	20987
{ "text": [ "1.09V" ], "answer_start": [ 224 ] }	10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.084	The photovoltaic parameters are summarized in , it can be seen that the device without HTL exhibits a poor photovoltaic performance with a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 11.01mAcm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.09V, a fill factor (FF) of 0.46, and a conversion efficiency (η) of 5.52%.	What is the value of Voc?	8673
{ "text": [ "16.5%" ], "answer_start": [ 73 ] }	10.1039/C6QM00309E	After treatment with PPDIDTT, the inverted PSCs exhibit a maximum PCE of 16.5%, superior to that of the control devices without a PPDIDTT interfacial layer (15.3%).	What is the value of PCE?	15666
{ "text": [ "3.76%" ], "answer_start": [ 358 ] }	10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.09.038	Also the average values of photovoltaic parameters obtained over several cells made under the same conditions are summarized in , the fabricated cell based on un-doped ZnO layer demonstrated a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 15.4mAcm−2, an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.54V and fill factor (FF) of 45% leading to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) 3.76%.	What is the value of PCE?	6657
{ "text": [ "FTO" ], "answer_start": [ 15 ] }	10.1039/C7TA06990A	A Pt sputtered FTO glass substrate was employed as the counter electrode.	What is substrate?	61336
{ "text": [ "22.6mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 342 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.05.083	The PSC-pristine without CuPc(tBu)4 exhibited a PCE of 15.3% with Voc=1.02V, Jsc=20.0mAcm−2 and FF=75%, while the PSC-CuPc(tBu)4 fabricated with the perovskite layer prepared from the precursor containing the optimal CuPc(tBu)4 concentration achieved an enhanced PCE of 17.3% that can be mainly ascribed to the obviously increased Jsc value (22.6mAcm−2) as shown in .	What is the value of Jsc?	3158
{ "text": [ "2.87%" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }	10.1039/C0EE00368A	TT16, with the extended conjugation, on the other hand, showed very broad and lower IPCE compared to that of TT15 resulting in JSC and η of 6.86 mA cm−2 and 2.87%, respectively.	What is the value of η?	64129
{ "text": [ "1.24mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }	10.1016/j.dyepig.2014.07.006	Under similar conditions, cells sensitized by D1 and D2 exhibited Jsc values of 2.89 and 1.24mAcm−2, Voc values of 577.46 and 509.94mV and a fill factor of 0.53 and 0.476, corresponding to an overall efficiency of 1.04% and 0.35%, respectively.	What is the value of Jsc?	47965
{ "text": [ "6.00%" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }	10.1039/C9NJ01029G	This has reflected well with enhanced PCEs of these sensitizers in the range of 5.38% to 6.00%.	What is the value of PCE?	67378
{ "text": [ "glass" ], "answer_start": [ 308 ] }	10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.01.013	The maximum IPCE increases by 6% from 57.0 to 60.3%.To clarify the factors that contribute to the improved IPCE and Jsc, let us consider the following equation IPCE is expressed as the product of LHE of the photoelectrode, the quantum yield of electron injection (ϕinj), and the efficiency of the conducting glass substrate to collect the injected electron (ϕcoll).	What is substrate?	42121
{ "text": [ "34.96%" ], "answer_start": [ 102 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.159	The device equipped with VN CE exhibits relatively inferior η of 3.369%, correlated with the poor FF (34.96%), since a large number of grain boundaries impede the electron transport.	What is the value of FF?	35045
{ "text": [ "0.66V" ], "answer_start": [ 195 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.034	Compared to Dye 2 and Dye 3, the Dye 1-sensitized cell exhibited better photovoltaic performances with a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 13.39mAcm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.66V, and a filled factor (FF) of 0.60, corresponding to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.33% ().	What is the value of Voc?	59391
{ "text": [ "100 mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 284 ] }	10.1016/j.solmat.2015.11.026	Finally, the metal cathode around 100 nm was deposited on the PCBM by thermal evaporation under the base pressure of 6×10−4Pa.The current density–voltage (J–V) characteristics were measured using a Keithley model 2440 source meter and a Newport solar simulator system with AM1.5G and 100 mW/cm2 illumination.	What is the value of solar?	2313
{ "text": [ "100 mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 311 ] }	10.1016/j.materresbull.2015.02.041	In order to investigate the effect of the samples with reaction time of 24 h and 48 h on the charge-transport properties and recombination of electron and hole, the EIS was used to evaluate the FDSSCs at 0.26 V with a amplitude of 10 mV in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 0.1 Hz under AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW/cm2).	What is the value of illumination?	56881
{ "text": [ "0.2 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 344 ] }	10.1039/C6DT00146G	For both TRIR and TA the sample was mounted on a rapidly moving “XY raster” to prevent heating and photochemical decomposition.p-DSCs were made by depositing the precursor solution described above onto conducting glass substrates (Pilkington TEC15, sheet resistance 15 Ω per square) by the doctor-blade technique using Scotch tape as a spacer (0.2 cm2 active area), followed by sintering in an oven at 450 °C for 30 min.	What is the value of active area?	61267
{ "text": [ "P25" ], "answer_start": [ 46 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2014.01.065	When SNS-18 were employed to fabricate SNS-18/P25 photoanode, a conversion efficiency of 6.40% was achieved, improved by 24.5% compared with that of P25 photoanode.	What is photoanode?	41481
{ "text": [ "8.1%" ], "answer_start": [ 129 ] }	10.1039/C5EE02510A	The inverted devices with UV-ozone treated (10 min) ZnO–PVP nanocomposite CBLs and PDTG-TPD:PC71BM active layers showed a PCE of 8.1% with a Jsc of 14.0 mA cm−2, a Voc of 0.86 V, and a FF of 67.3%.	What is the value of PCE?	73202
{ "text": [ "9.65%" ], "answer_start": [ 234 ] }	10.1039/C5RA25787E	As can be seen here, the pristine PEDOT:PSS film based device gave an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.89 V, a short circuit current (JSC) of 17.6 mA cm−2, a fill factor (FF) of 0.61 and an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.65%.	What is the value of PCE?	16138
{ "text": [ "Ag" ], "answer_start": [ 296 ] }	10.1039/C9TC02362C	This finding suggests that CsPbI2.4Br0.6-TBAB has better electron transport, which contributes to the high Jsc and fill factor (FF) in the PSCs.To evaluate PV performance for CsPbI2.4Br0.6 and CsPbI2.4Br0.6-TBAB films, perovskite solar cells with a structure of ITO/SnO2/ZnO/perovskite/PTAA/MoO3/Ag (Fig.	What is ITO?	19751
{ "text": [ "I3−/I−" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2010.11.076	The next step was to deposit the Ureasil sol enriched with sulfolane, tert-butylpyridine and the I3−/I− redox couple and to apply the counter electrode.	What is redox couple?	37327
{ "text": [ "5.40%" ], "answer_start": [ 104 ] }	10.1016/j.mssp.2014.08.012	DSSC-1 made with liquid electrolyte exhibited the J–V values of Voc=600 mV, Jsc=15 mA/cm2, FF=60% and η=5.40%.	What is the value of η?	45195
{ "text": [ "851mV" ], "answer_start": [ 108 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.04.062	CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells prepared from PbI2 films without solvent treatment show an average Voc of 851mV, Jsc of 18.26mAcm−2, FF of 60.54%, and PCE of 9.42%.	What is the value of Voc?	1
{ "text": [ "74.5%" ], "answer_start": [ 148 ] }	10.1016/j.spmi.2017.12.015	It can be seen that we have achieved the higher reproducibility for perovskite solar cells with average Jsc, Voc, FF and PCE of 22.86mA/cm2, 1.08V, 74.5%, and 18.41%.	What is the value of FF?	10031
{ "text": [ "7.97%" ], "answer_start": [ 222 ] }	10.1039/C5NR01433F	To access the applicability to flexible and ITO-free flexible cells, the polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/ITO and PET/aluminum were doped with zinc oxide (AZO)/silver (Ag)/AZO, and they respectively demonstrated 9.67% and 7.97% PCEs.Firstly, we carried out comprehensive thin film characterization of PEDOT:PSS:AgOTf-doped GO in order to get details about the proposed PEDOT:PSS:AgOTf-doped GO HIL.	What is the value of PCE?	15405
{ "text": [ "0.86V" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.077	The solar cells without Al2O3 have relative low Voc of 0.86V and Jsc of 17.21mAcm−2.	What is the value of Voc?	6031
{ "text": [ "9.33%" ], "answer_start": [ 113 ] }	10.1039/C7QI00329C	The application potential of these TiO2 NCs as photoanodes unveiled excellent morphology-dependent PCEs (5.3% to 9.33%) using a conventional electrolyte and N719 dye as a photosensitizer.	What is the value of PCE?	64014
{ "text": [ "7.04%" ], "answer_start": [ 102 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.08.062	The DSC used bare CNs as CE produced a PCE of 5.75%, only reaching the 83.67% of the Pt CE based DSC (7.04%).	What is the value of PCE?	31871
{ "text": [ "17.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 132 ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.02.025	The same group subsequently used a mesoscopic architecture (CL/mp-TiO2/FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15/PTAA/Au) and showed a certified PCE~17.9%, VOC~1.11 V PEDOT: PSS is one of the most successful HTMs owing to its good film forming properties, its transparency and its high work function (~5.2 eV) ), an architecture that typically employ organic compact charge extraction layers on the substrates to collect holes whereas the electrons are collected from the metal back contact.	What is the value of PCE?	2389
{ "text": [ "759 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 222 ] }	10.1016/j.cej.2013.02.017	These results demonstrate that besides the desirable single crystalline structure for the NTs On the contrary, the Voc presented the opposite trend to that of Jsc; it increased with the temperature increase from 732 up to 759 mV.	What is the value of Voc?	51833
{ "text": [ "0.61 V" ], "answer_start": [ 141 ] }	10.1039/B820540J	By careful fabrication of the solar cell, a present highest performance for the Chlorin-2 sensitized solar cell is Jsc = 14.9 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.61 V, FF = 0.72, and η = 6.5%.	What is the value of Voc?	62806
{ "text": [ "707 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2017.02.166	As shown in , QX24 and QX25 with a DCRD anchoring group exhibited a relatively poorer DSSC performances (QX24: a Voc of 707 mV, a Jsc of 9.03 mA cm−2, and a PCE of 4.35%; QX25: a Voc of 724 mV, a Jsc of 9.71 mA cm−2, and a PCE of 4.81%) compared with QX22 and QX23 with a cyanoacrylic acid anchoring group.	What is the value of Voc?	40836
{ "text": [ "6%" ], "answer_start": [ 123 ] }	10.1039/C5TA00084J	As reported in Table 1, the PCEs of the best M-In2O3/ZnO/CH3NH3PbI3 and HC-PEDOT/SC-PEDOT/CH3NH3PbI3 cells were 7.8% and 7.6%, respectively.	What is the value of PCE?	16450
{ "text": [ "6.02 ± 0.03%" ], "answer_start": [ 169 ] }	10.1039/C8TA00968F	After optimizing the carbonization temperature of the ZIF-NC, the cell with the ZIF-NC-900 °C composite film exhibits the best photovoltaic conversion efficiency (η) of 6.02 ± 0.03% with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.74 ± 0.00 V, a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 12.27 ± 0.29 mA cm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.66 ± 0.01 (Table 1).	What is the value of η?	72191
{ "text": [ "15.00%" ], "answer_start": [ 72 ] }	10.1039/C7TC02928D	The devices with 1:1:1 ratios showed the best performance with a PCE of 15.00% with a Voc of 1.002 V, a Jsc of 21.66 mA cm−2 and a FF of 69.11.	What is the value of PCE?	12331
{ "text": [ "8.64%" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.03.032	As for SYE/A@T cell, the photovoltaic performance is improved and the highest Jsc of 20.94mAcm−2 and η of 8.64% are achieved, which are 27.6% and 61.5% enhancements of η as compared with pure TiO2 and SYE cells, respectively.To find out the reasons of the photovoltaic enhancement associated with the morphology as well as the components of the Au/TiO2-modified UC composites, we measured UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra of above photoelectrodes in the wavelength region of 400–800nm, and the results are shown in .	What is the value of η?	43510
{ "text": [ "0.25 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 47 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.092	The active area of this electrode was fixed at 0.25 cm2.The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was done with a scanning rate of 5°/min in the 2θ range 10–90° using a Miniflex II, Rigaku X-ray diffractometer (XRD) with Cu Kα radiation (λ=0.154 nm).	What is the value of active area?	5926
{ "text": [ "10.4%" ], "answer_start": [ 289 ] }	10.1016/j.cattod.2018.08.001	PSCs made with small amount of AgCl doped sample AST-0.01 (0.01 M AgNO3 used as silver source) microspheres has a short-circuit current (JSC) of 20.6 mA/cm2 and an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.88 V, which exhibits the best performance with an overall power conversion efficiency (η) of 10.4%.	What is the value of η?	8441
{ "text": [ "4.10%" ], "answer_start": [ 81 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2007.06.028	At this illumination, the cells made on FTO have similar efficiency: η= 4.01 and 4.10% for 450 and 130 °C annealing, respectively, with higher FF and lower Jsc for the cell annealed at 130 °C.	What is the value of η?	36383
{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }	10.1039/C2EE22998F	The aperture area is recommended to be just slightly smaller than the active area of the TiO2 electrode to minimize uncertainties.During the measurement, the cell temperature should be stable at 25 °C with a fluctuation of less than 1 degree.	What is ?	64717
{ "text": [ "628 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 30 ] }	10.1039/C8TC03542C	Solar cells attained a VOC of 628 mV, JSC of 6.29 mA cm−2, FF of 0.43 and PCE of 1.70% when sensitized with N3 and a VOC of 880 mV, JSC of 8.22 mA cm−2, FF of 0.44 and PCE of 3.21% when sensitized with BzTCA, once more proving that organic dyes are better-suited to work with polymeric HTMs.	What is the value of VOC?	70991
{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 19 ] }	10.1039/C5TA05373K	The fabricated FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx/HTL was then transferred into a dry box with 20% humidity to be oxidized for 16 h.	What is FTO?	16127
{ "text": [ "11.1" ], "answer_start": [ 263 ] }	10.1039/C5NR05207F	Because strong acids will increase the equipment cost and cause environmental damage, recently an acid-free medium growth method employing disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (Na2EDTA) is reported, and the PSC with the as-made rutile TiO2 showed a PCE of up to 11.1%.Research about the length effect in TiO2 nanorods showed that the charge recombination rate is similar in nanorods with different lengths but electron diffusion is faster in longer nanorods.	What is ?	20260
{ "text": [ "8.05%" ], "answer_start": [ 151 ] }	10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.12.005	When CuFeSe2 nanocubes are used as CE, the optimized photovoltaic parameters are Voc= 0.714 V, Jsc= 16.10 mA cm−2, FF = 0.70, thus leading to a PCE of 8.05%.	What is the value of PCE?	40457
{ "text": [ "20.0%" ], "answer_start": [ 140 ] }	10.1016/j.joule.2018.08.012	A shows the J-V curve for one of the devices after the application of an antireflection layer, achieving a PCE of 20.6% under reverse scan (20.0% under forward scan).	What is the value of PCE?	7796
{ "text": [ "1 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 142 ] }	10.1016/j.tsf.2012.04.052	A 50 μm-thick spacer (Type 1702, Himilan of Mitsui-DuPont poly chemical) was inserted between the electrodes to create an active area size of 1 cm2.	What is the value of active area?	31131
{ "text": [ "5.4 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 43 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2011.01.099	As seen in , the Jsc and η of device 1 are 5.4 mA/cm2 and 1.1%, respectively.	What is the value of Jsc?	31339
{ "text": [ "5.18%" ], "answer_start": [ 93 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.04.100	With the multi-efforts of UC-YF3, power conversion efficiency (PCE) of DSSC is improved from 5.18% to 6.22%.	What is the value of PCE?	48620
{ "text": [ "16.3%" ], "answer_start": [ 242 ] }	10.1039/C6TA05254A	Compared to Spiro-OMeTAD, perovskite solar cells with ST1 exhibit a remarkable overall power conversion efficiency of 15.4% without the use of any dopants and additives, which is comparable to that of the devices based on doped Spiro-OMeTAD (16.3%) and present better stability during a four week aging test.Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with methyl ammonium lead halides as light absorbers have attracted considerable attention because of their simple structures, low fabrication cost and high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs).	What is the value of PCE?	22337
{ "text": [ "3.05%" ], "answer_start": [ 233 ] }	10.1039/C9DT01448A	Remarkably, for masked cells based on the same copper(I) dye D1, the best absolute efficiency reached with the copper(I)/copper(II) redox shuttle (η = 2.51%) is 82% the best efficiency reached with the problematic I−/I3− couple (η = 3.05%), confirming the great potential of “full-copper” DSSCs and consolidating the way to DSSCs with Earth-abundant components.A.	What is the value of η?	70170
{ "text": [ "14.1%" ], "answer_start": [ 141 ] }	10.1039/C5TA04340A	By inserting the LiF interlayer and choosing the optimal thickness of the PCBM layer, they fabricated highly efficient devices with a PCE of 14.1% (Jsc of 20.7 mA cm−2, Voc of 0.866 V, and FF of 78.3%) under AM 1.5 G 100 mW cm−2 irradiation.It is also reported that an amino-functionalized polymer (PN4N) was introduced to modify the interface between the ETL and the metal electrode.	What is the value of PCE?	14972
{ "text": [ "1.40%" ], "answer_start": [ 121 ] }	10.1016/j.electacta.2014.09.098	Jsc, Voc and ff of the cell without the compact layer were 16.90 mA·cm−2, 240 mV and 0.36, respectively, leading to η of 1.40%.	What is the value of η?	58979
{ "text": [ "5.07%" ], "answer_start": [ 126 ] }	10.1016/j.solener.2015.11.015	The number of anchoring groups/butoxy groups exerts a significant impact on Voc, Jsc and η.Dye 76 and 77 showed efficiency of 5.07% and 5.17% respectively ().	What is the value of η?	53144
{ "text": [ "8.7%" ], "answer_start": [ 18 ] }	10.1039/C5NR05207F	They got a PCE of 8.7% for the FTO device and 4.3% for the flexible device.	What is the value of PCE?	20274
{ "text": [ "0.4cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }	10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.04.075	The TiO2 thin film was maintained with an active area of 0.4×0.4cm2 by removing the side portions by scraping.The prepared TiO2 photoanode was treated with UV–ozone for 30min and heated to 80°C.	What is the value of active area?	26406
{ "text": [ "0.770 V" ], "answer_start": [ 205 ] }	10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.05.014	It is found that the DSSC assembled with pure LCMO nanoparticles shows an power conversion efficiency of 6.46%, the short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 14.20 mA·cm−2, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.770 V and fill factor (FF) of 59.16%, respectively.	What is the value of Voc?	38015
{ "text": [ "5.36 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 141 ] }	10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.09.143	In particular, C-FC-10(30) showed a higher photovoltaic performance (JSC= 6.44 mA/cm2,VOC= 0.720 V, FF= 78.57, and η= 3.64%) than C-SP (JSC= 5.36 mA/cm2,VOC= 0.688 V, FF= 69.90, and η= 2.57%), despite the lower dye adsorption.	What is the value of JSC?	60000
{ "text": [ "ETL" ], "answer_start": [ 32 ] }	10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.02.047	Furthermore, device with the GO ETL also showed long-term stability (3% PCE decay), which is comparable to that obtained without interlayer (56% PCE decay).	What is ?	7556
{ "text": [ "11.2" ], "answer_start": [ 26 ] }	10.1039/C5NR05207F	The PCE was improved from 11.2% to 15.7%.Compact layers can be formed by spin coating a dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles without sintering, which is convenient for flexible cells.	What is ?	20253
{ "text": [ "0.766 V" ], "answer_start": [ 229 ] }	10.1039/C2CP23876D	Although the short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc, 11.71 mA cm−2) and fill factor (FF, 59.23%) of TTC103 are very close to the values of TTC102, there is a wide gap (0.057 V) between the open-circuit voltages of TTC102 (Voc = 0.766 V) and TTC103 (Voc = 0.709 V).	What is the value of Voc?	62370

{ "text": [ "8.6" ], "answer_start": [ 116 ] }

10.1039/C5TA03731J

Transferring TiO2 nanotubes to ordered hierarchical nanoparticles with NH4F solution may result in an efficiency of 8.6% as demonstrated in a flexible FDSC with 30% improvement from the untreated group (Fig.

What is ?

23173

{ "text": [ "5.57%" ], "answer_start": [ 114 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2018.05.037

Compared to mCPPR, device with pCPPR shows significantly improved JSC (15.12mA/cm2), generating an overall PCE of 5.57%.

What is the value of PCE?

27505

{ "text": [ "7.68%" ], "answer_start": [ 42 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2014.07.106

As a result, η of Cell-THS is improved to 7.68%.

What is the value of η?

54401

{ "text": [ "11.59mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 123 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2019.07.068

The DSSCs sensitized by FWD7 and FWD8 exhibited good photovoltaic parameters: short-circuit current density (Jsc) 9.88 and 11.59mAcm−2, open-circuit voltage (Voc) 0.69 and 0.75V, and power conversion efficiency (η) 4.89% and 6.01%, respectively.

What is the value of Jsc?

58710

{ "text": [ "Au" ], "answer_start": [ 198 ] }

10.1039/C8RA00639C

This is also consistent with the strong interaction existing in MAPbI3−x(SCN)x perovskite.Then, we constructed a solar device with the GAPb(SCN)3 perovskite using spiro-MeOTAD as the HTM layer, and Au as counter electrode, as shown in Fig.

What is electrode?

13849

{ "text": [ "1000W/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 198 ] }

10.1016/j.ijleo.2019.163567

The electrolyte was then injected into the filling gap between the sandwiched electrodes.The PCE of a completed cell was evaluated by current-voltage (JV) characteristics with Keithley (4200) under 1000W/cm2, AM 1.5 light intensity.

What is the value of light intensity?

38421

{ "text": [ "16.76%" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2018.05.020

The PCEs of PSCs with AgAl(3)/Au(2)/LiF(1) for reverse and forward scans are respectively 16.76% and 16.64%, which yielded a difference of 0.7% in PCE values, indicating the neglected hysteresis effect.

What is the value of PCE?

11984

{ "text": [ "1000W/m2" ], "answer_start": [ 95 ] }

10.1016/j.cej.2019.123589

Current-voltage measurements were carried out using Keithley 2400 under AM 1.5G illuminations (1000W/m2) from a solar simulator (Newport Oriel Solar 3A Class AAA, 64023A).

What is the value of solar?

88

{ "text": [ "0.15%" ], "answer_start": [ 59 ] }

10.1016/j.polymer.2010.10.018

Interestingly, it is noticeable that the PCE values of D2 (0.15%), D3 (0.11%), and PDFTP (0.02%) were much lower than those of H-bonded polymer networks PDFTP/D2 (0.31%) and PDFTP/D3 (0.24%).

What is the value of PCE?

56798

{ "text": [ "15–20" ], "answer_start": [ 43 ] }

10.1039/C3TA12533E

The SnO2 branch has an average diameter of 15–20 nm and a length of 200–700 nm.

What is SnO2?

73591

{ "text": [ "0.16 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 48 ] }

10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.08.023

The active area of the dye-coated TiO2 film was 0.16 cm2, which was measured by profilometer (Ambios, XP-1).

What is the value of active area?

44322

{ "text": [ "7.6" ], "answer_start": [ 133 ] }

10.1039/C5TA04828A

When the HTM was doped with 4-tert-butylpyridine (tBP) and Li-[CF3SO2]2N-LiTFSI, all the parameters improved dramatically with JSC = 7.6 mA cm−2, VOC = 1.23 V, FF = 0.6 and PCE = 5.6% for the best cell (plot b in Fig.

What is ?

22302

{ "text": [ "3.169mA" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }

10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.026

DSSCs fabricated using GQDs reported a VOC (0.640V) and ISC (3.169mA), achieving an overall PCE of 1.26%.

What is the value of ISC?

34498

{ "text": [ "9.28%" ], "answer_start": [ 158 ] }

10.1039/C5TA01665G

The performance of device A containing TP3 and YR6 in a solution of molar ratio 500:1 led to the η value of 8.58%, and it increased to 9.17% for device B and 9.28% for device C when the devices were prepared at the TP3/YR6 molar ratios of 100:1 and 50:1, respectively.

What is the value of η?

64071

{ "text": [ "I3−/I−" ], "answer_start": [ 96 ] }

10.1039/C4RA00583J

It is well known that the electrocatalytic activity of an electrocatalyst for redox reaction of I3−/I− in a solar cell can be evaluated in terms of its cathodic peak potential (Epc), cathodic peak current (Ipc) and peak to peak voltage separation (Epp).

What is redox reaction?

77033

{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2019.03.047

Such an interfacial PbI2 layer has been widely observed for various substrates including the FTO/TiO2/PCBM substrates used in this study.

What is FTO?

5386

{ "text": [ "8.23%" ], "answer_start": [ 100 ] }

10.1039/C4TA02230K

With coating of Au NPs, the performance was optimized and the highest Jsc of 15.84 mA cm−2 and η of 8.23% were achieved, which is 14.78% enchancement in efficiency compared to bare TiO2 crystals and 8.86% increase compared to the device based on NaYF4:Yb,Er@SiO2 crystals.

What is the value of η?

73243

{ "text": [ "FTO" ], "answer_start": [ 460 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2015.08.012

INDO/S (intermediate neglect of differential overlap/spectroscopic) calculation was performed using single excitation full SCF/CI (self-consistent field/configuration interaction), which included the configuration with one electron excited from any occupied orbital to any unoccupied orbital, where 225 configurations were considered [keyword CI (15 15)].The TiO2 paste (JGC Catalysts and Chemicals Ltd., PST-18NR) was deposited on a fluorine-doped-tin-oxide (FTO) substrate by doctor-blading, and sintered for 50minat 450°C.

What is substrate?

47935

{ "text": [ "14.42mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 141 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2019.08.026

Notably, PCBM:4,4′-BiPy can also remarkably improve the performance of the CsPbI2Br-based devices, yielding a highest PCE of 12.09% with JSC=14.42mAcm−2, VOC=1.08V and FF=77.64% ().

What is the value of JSC?

11820

{ "text": [ "7.37%" ], "answer_start": [ 116 ] }

10.1039/C2RA01326F

These values were comparable to those of the cell based on N3 (Jsc = 15.6 mA cm−2, Voc = 656 mV, ff = 0.72, and η = 7.37%) measured in the same conditions.According to Fig.

What is the value of η?

74016

{ "text": [ "0 s" ], "answer_start": [ 208 ] }

10.1039/C6TA05053K

An external forward bias (at the Voc point) was applied to the devices for 1 minute without illumination, followed by releasing the voltage to 0 V and recording the current as a function of time for another 60 s.

What is the value of time?

13944

{ "text": [ "13.58mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 101 ] }

10.1016/j.apt.2019.07.023

It can be observed that the Cell-TiO2-HSs/P25 has a slightly lower Voc of 0.817V, a higher Jsc up to 13.58mAcm−2, a similar FF of 71.15% and an increased PCE of 7.90% relative to the Cell-P25.

What is the value of Jsc?

46770

{ "text": [ "5.18%" ], "answer_start": [ 156 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2014.06.015

Using the proposed approach, the maximum values of the DSSC photovoltaic properties were found to be Voc: ∼0.68 V, Jsc: ∼12.69 mA/cm2, FF: ∼0.60, and PCE: ∼5.18% for the case of CE with a MWCNT thin film thickness of 60–70 μm.

What is the value of PCE?

49839

{ "text": [ "14.99 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }

10.1016/j.solmat.2016.09.014

The best performing double coated 45 nm ETL device shows a PCE of 8.77% with the JSC, VOC and FF value of 14.99 mA/cm2, 0.932 V and 62.67%.

What is the value of JSC?

5334

{ "text": [ "6.21%" ], "answer_start": [ 209 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.05.050

For the Cl doped cubic CsPbBr3(Cl), the value of Voc increases from 0.98 to 1.02V, Jsc increases from 7.14 to 8.47mAcm−2, fill factor decreases slightly from 0.719 to 0.716, and the PCE increases from 5.04 to 6.21%.

What is the value of PCE?

6246

{ "text": [ "11.7%" ], "answer_start": [ 88 ] }

10.1016/j.orgel.2016.01.002

The optimum perovskite layer thickness ∼340nm perovskite solar cell achieves the PCE of 11.7%, with the Jsc of 16.1mAcm−2, Voc of 0.99V and FF of 74%.To investigate the universality for different substrates, we fabricated the HTL-free perovskite solar cells on the flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate.

What is the value of PCE?

5192

{ "text": [ "10.2 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 191 ] }

10.1016/j.solmat.2008.08.004

Under illumination, the DPA-doped polymer system is found to exhibit short-circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (ff) and conversion efficiency (η) values of 10.2 mA/cm2, 810 mV, 0.47% and 6.5%, respectively, whereas the undoped polymer shows apparently lower values of short-circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (ff) and conversion efficiency (η), as seen from .

What is the value of Jsc?

40803

{ "text": [ "19.7 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 71 ] }

10.1016/j.cej.2017.07.160

The calculated Jsc values from integration of EQE spectra are 19.9 and 19.7 mA/cm2 for Ti doped MoO2 HTM based device and pristine MoO2 HTM based device and these values are well matched with the Jsc in J-V curves.Finally, we checked the stability of unencapsulated n-i-p type planar MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells with Ti doped MoO2 HTM and pristine MoO2 HTM as shown in (a).

What is the value of Jsc?

1950

{ "text": [ "gold" ], "answer_start": [ 67 ] }

10.1039/C6TA09582H

Finally, the metal electrode was deposited by magnetron sputtering gold through a metal mask to afford an effective active area of 0.16 cm2.X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra were recorded on a RigakuCo.

What is electrode?

12228

{ "text": [ "0.588V" ], "answer_start": [ 166 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.04.059

After a thin layer of TiO2 was coated on the SnO2 NF network by using the liquid atomic layer deposition method, the Voc and Jsc increased slightly to 9.80mAcm−2 and 0.588V, respectively.

What is the value of Voc?

35483

{ "text": [ "17.2mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 107 ] }

10.1016/j.cap.2014.09.015

An optimum DSSC performance was achieved at 4th cycles using an aniline monomer solution, resulting in Jsc=17.2mAcm−2, Voc=0.71V, FF=59.3%, and efficiency (η)=7.24%.

What is the value of Jsc?

59105

{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 195 ] }

10.1039/C4RA14190C

Thus, this study provides that the co-sensitization method employing two kinds of D–π–A dyes with pyridyl group possessing bonding ability to both Brønsted acid sites and the Lewis acid sites on TiO2 surface is one of the most promising strategy to enhance dye coverage on TiO2 electrode and LHE for DSSCs, leading to improvement in photovoltaic performances of co-sensitized DSSCs.† Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Details of experimental procedures.

What is ?

61467

{ "text": [ "22.61mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 223 ] }

10.1016/j.jssc.2019.05.027

It is found that enhanced PCE primarily originated from simultaneous improvement of three photovoltaic parameters, among which FF (from 61.81% to 71.12%) shown significant improvement, whereas both Jsc (from 21.34mA/cm2 to 22.61mA/cm2) and Voc (from 0.92V to 0.94V) only exhibited small increases.

What is the value of Jsc?

7516

{ "text": [ "3.0%" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }

10.1039/C7NJ01059A

Recently, the highest recorded conversion efficiency (η) of 13.0% was achieved with Zn–porphyrin complex-based DSSCs.

What is the value of η?

74115

{ "text": [ "6.86Ω" ], "answer_start": [ 112 ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.01.153

The CoTe2@NCNTs exhibits a lower Rct (0.814Ω) compared to those of CoTe2@NGC (1.88Ω), Pt (2.88Ω), CoTe2 powder (6.86Ω), NCNTs (13.55Ω) and NGC (15.46Ω).

What is the value of Rct?

59602

{ "text": [ "0.951V" ], "answer_start": [ 53 ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.03.123

Therefore, the improvement in the VOC from 0.895V to 0.951V can be explained due to the increase in the FF (b)) were measured with different scanning conditions.

What is the value of VOC?

4057

{ "text": [ "76.98%" ], "answer_start": [ 190 ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.09.052

With perovskite bandgap ranging from 1.65 eV~1.69 eV, the corresponding PCE increased from 15.73% to 19.84%, mainly due to the increases of Jsc from 13.88 to 15.08 mA/cm2, FF from 70.45% to 76.98%, and Voc increasing from 1.609 to 1.709 V.

What is the value of FF?

4781

{ "text": [ "PtCo" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }

10.1039/C6CS00752J

Aiming at reducing the cost of CEs and enhancing the performance of the DSSC devices, many alloy CEs have been researched, including Pt alloy CEs: Pt0.02Co, PtCo2, PtCo, PtCo0.50, PtNi0.50, PtNi0.75, Pt3Ni, PtNi, PtFe, Pt0.96Ni0.04, PtMo, PtMn0.05, PtCr0.05, PtPd1.25, PtRu3, PtRu, PtAu; free-Pt alloy CEs: CoNi0.25, CoNi, FeCo2, FeSe, FeNi, Co0.85Se, CoSe, Ni0.85Se, NiSe, MoSe, Cu0.50Se, Ru0.33Se, RuSe, Pd7Se4, NiPd; and ternary alloy CEs: PtCuNi, PtCoNi, PtPdNi, PtFeNi, etc.

What is CE?

66545

{ "text": [ "0.756 V" ], "answer_start": [ 189 ] }

10.1039/C4RA00596A

The short-circuit current density (JSC), open-circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (ff), and power conversion efficiency (η) of a conventional cell (TiO2 photoanode cell) were 10.38 mA cm−2, 0.756 V, 0.73, and 5.73%, respectively.

What is the value of VOC?

71441

{ "text": [ "19.0%" ], "answer_start": [ 324 ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.04.027

Incorporation of the MgO interfacial layers between the SnO2 and the perovskite films led to considerable enhancements in PV performance: at the favourable spin speed (5k rpm), it was quantified to be 25% in relative terms with respect to the SnO2 only counterparts resulting in an average PCE of 17.9% and a maximum PCE of 19.0%.

What is the value of PCE?

831

{ "text": [ "CH3NH3PbI3−xClx" ], "answer_start": [ 88 ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.08.055

It should be mentioned that by further applying compositional engineering such as using CH3NH3PbI3−xClx perovskite precursor and using interface engineering approach, the efficiency of planar heterojunction solar cell could be further enhanced up to 18.9%.

What is perovskite?

2293

{ "text": [ "9.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 149 ] }

10.1039/C5TA08963H

On the thicker perovskite film (∼135 nm), the measured J–V curve under illumination produced Jsc, Voc, FF, and PCE of 17 mA cm−2, 1.09 V, 0.535, and 9.9%, respectively (Fig.

What is the value of PCE?

20987

{ "text": [ "1.09V" ], "answer_start": [ 224 ] }

10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.084

The photovoltaic parameters are summarized in , it can be seen that the device without HTL exhibits a poor photovoltaic performance with a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 11.01mAcm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.09V, a fill factor (FF) of 0.46, and a conversion efficiency (η) of 5.52%.

What is the value of Voc?

8673

{ "text": [ "16.5%" ], "answer_start": [ 73 ] }

10.1039/C6QM00309E

After treatment with PPDIDTT, the inverted PSCs exhibit a maximum PCE of 16.5%, superior to that of the control devices without a PPDIDTT interfacial layer (15.3%).

What is the value of PCE?

15666

{ "text": [ "3.76%" ], "answer_start": [ 358 ] }

10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.09.038

Also the average values of photovoltaic parameters obtained over several cells made under the same conditions are summarized in , the fabricated cell based on un-doped ZnO layer demonstrated a short circuit current density (Jsc) of 15.4mAcm−2, an open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.54V and fill factor (FF) of 45% leading to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) 3.76%.

What is the value of PCE?

6657

{ "text": [ "FTO" ], "answer_start": [ 15 ] }

10.1039/C7TA06990A

A Pt sputtered FTO glass substrate was employed as the counter electrode.

What is substrate?

61336

{ "text": [ "22.6mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 342 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.05.083

The PSC-pristine without CuPc(tBu)4 exhibited a PCE of 15.3% with Voc=1.02V, Jsc=20.0mAcm−2 and FF=75%, while the PSC-CuPc(tBu)4 fabricated with the perovskite layer prepared from the precursor containing the optimal CuPc(tBu)4 concentration achieved an enhanced PCE of 17.3% that can be mainly ascribed to the obviously increased Jsc value (22.6mAcm−2) as shown in .

What is the value of Jsc?

3158

{ "text": [ "2.87%" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }

10.1039/C0EE00368A

TT16, with the extended conjugation, on the other hand, showed very broad and lower IPCE compared to that of TT15 resulting in JSC and η of 6.86 mA cm−2 and 2.87%, respectively.

What is the value of η?

64129

{ "text": [ "1.24mAcm−2" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }

10.1016/j.dyepig.2014.07.006

Under similar conditions, cells sensitized by D1 and D2 exhibited Jsc values of 2.89 and 1.24mAcm−2, Voc values of 577.46 and 509.94mV and a fill factor of 0.53 and 0.476, corresponding to an overall efficiency of 1.04% and 0.35%, respectively.

What is the value of Jsc?

47965

{ "text": [ "6.00%" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }

10.1039/C9NJ01029G

This has reflected well with enhanced PCEs of these sensitizers in the range of 5.38% to 6.00%.

What is the value of PCE?

67378

{ "text": [ "glass" ], "answer_start": [ 308 ] }

10.1016/j.jphotochem.2007.01.013

The maximum IPCE increases by 6% from 57.0 to 60.3%.To clarify the factors that contribute to the improved IPCE and Jsc, let us consider the following equation IPCE is expressed as the product of LHE of the photoelectrode, the quantum yield of electron injection (ϕinj), and the efficiency of the conducting glass substrate to collect the injected electron (ϕcoll).

What is substrate?

42121

{ "text": [ "34.96%" ], "answer_start": [ 102 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.159

The device equipped with VN CE exhibits relatively inferior η of 3.369%, correlated with the poor FF (34.96%), since a large number of grain boundaries impede the electron transport.

What is the value of FF?

35045

{ "text": [ "0.66V" ], "answer_start": [ 195 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.034

Compared to Dye 2 and Dye 3, the Dye 1-sensitized cell exhibited better photovoltaic performances with a short-circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 13.39mAcm−2, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.66V, and a filled factor (FF) of 0.60, corresponding to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.33% ().

What is the value of Voc?

59391

{ "text": [ "100 mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 284 ] }

10.1016/j.solmat.2015.11.026

Finally, the metal cathode around 100 nm was deposited on the PCBM by thermal evaporation under the base pressure of 6×10−4Pa.The current density–voltage (J–V) characteristics were measured using a Keithley model 2440 source meter and a Newport solar simulator system with AM1.5G and 100 mW/cm2 illumination.

What is the value of solar?

2313

{ "text": [ "100 mW/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 311 ] }

10.1016/j.materresbull.2015.02.041

In order to investigate the effect of the samples with reaction time of 24 h and 48 h on the charge-transport properties and recombination of electron and hole, the EIS was used to evaluate the FDSSCs at 0.26 V with a amplitude of 10 mV in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 0.1 Hz under AM 1.5G illumination (100 mW/cm2).

What is the value of illumination?

56881

{ "text": [ "0.2 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 344 ] }

10.1039/C6DT00146G

For both TRIR and TA the sample was mounted on a rapidly moving “XY raster” to prevent heating and photochemical decomposition.p-DSCs were made by depositing the precursor solution described above onto conducting glass substrates (Pilkington TEC15, sheet resistance 15 Ω per square) by the doctor-blade technique using Scotch tape as a spacer (0.2 cm2 active area), followed by sintering in an oven at 450 °C for 30 min.

What is the value of active area?

61267

{ "text": [ "P25" ], "answer_start": [ 46 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2014.01.065

When SNS-18 were employed to fabricate SNS-18/P25 photoanode, a conversion efficiency of 6.40% was achieved, improved by 24.5% compared with that of P25 photoanode.

What is photoanode?

41481

{ "text": [ "8.1%" ], "answer_start": [ 129 ] }

10.1039/C5EE02510A

The inverted devices with UV-ozone treated (10 min) ZnO–PVP nanocomposite CBLs and PDTG-TPD:PC71BM active layers showed a PCE of 8.1% with a Jsc of 14.0 mA cm−2, a Voc of 0.86 V, and a FF of 67.3%.

What is the value of PCE?

73202

{ "text": [ "9.65%" ], "answer_start": [ 234 ] }

10.1039/C5RA25787E

As can be seen here, the pristine PEDOT:PSS film based device gave an open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.89 V, a short circuit current (JSC) of 17.6 mA cm−2, a fill factor (FF) of 0.61 and an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.65%.

What is the value of PCE?

16138

{ "text": [ "Ag" ], "answer_start": [ 296 ] }

10.1039/C9TC02362C

This finding suggests that CsPbI2.4Br0.6-TBAB has better electron transport, which contributes to the high Jsc and fill factor (FF) in the PSCs.To evaluate PV performance for CsPbI2.4Br0.6 and CsPbI2.4Br0.6-TBAB films, perovskite solar cells with a structure of ITO/SnO2/ZnO/perovskite/PTAA/MoO3/Ag (Fig.

What is ITO?

19751

{ "text": [ "I3−/I−" ], "answer_start": [ 97 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2010.11.076

The next step was to deposit the Ureasil sol enriched with sulfolane, tert-butylpyridine and the I3−/I− redox couple and to apply the counter electrode.

What is redox couple?

37327

{ "text": [ "5.40%" ], "answer_start": [ 104 ] }

10.1016/j.mssp.2014.08.012

DSSC-1 made with liquid electrolyte exhibited the J–V values of Voc=600 mV, Jsc=15 mA/cm2, FF=60% and η=5.40%.

What is the value of η?

45195

{ "text": [ "851mV" ], "answer_start": [ 108 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.04.062

CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells prepared from PbI2 films without solvent treatment show an average Voc of 851mV, Jsc of 18.26mAcm−2, FF of 60.54%, and PCE of 9.42%.

What is the value of Voc?

1

{ "text": [ "74.5%" ], "answer_start": [ 148 ] }

10.1016/j.spmi.2017.12.015

It can be seen that we have achieved the higher reproducibility for perovskite solar cells with average Jsc, Voc, FF and PCE of 22.86mA/cm2, 1.08V, 74.5%, and 18.41%.

What is the value of FF?

10031

{ "text": [ "7.97%" ], "answer_start": [ 222 ] }

10.1039/C5NR01433F

To access the applicability to flexible and ITO-free flexible cells, the polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/ITO and PET/aluminum were doped with zinc oxide (AZO)/silver (Ag)/AZO, and they respectively demonstrated 9.67% and 7.97% PCEs.Firstly, we carried out comprehensive thin film characterization of PEDOT:PSS:AgOTf-doped GO in order to get details about the proposed PEDOT:PSS:AgOTf-doped GO HIL.

What is the value of PCE?

15405

{ "text": [ "0.86V" ], "answer_start": [ 55 ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.08.077

The solar cells without Al2O3 have relative low Voc of 0.86V and Jsc of 17.21mAcm−2.

What is the value of Voc?

6031

{ "text": [ "9.33%" ], "answer_start": [ 113 ] }

10.1039/C7QI00329C

The application potential of these TiO2 NCs as photoanodes unveiled excellent morphology-dependent PCEs (5.3% to 9.33%) using a conventional electrolyte and N719 dye as a photosensitizer.

What is the value of PCE?

64014

{ "text": [ "7.04%" ], "answer_start": [ 102 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.08.062

The DSC used bare CNs as CE produced a PCE of 5.75%, only reaching the 83.67% of the Pt CE based DSC (7.04%).

What is the value of PCE?

31871

{ "text": [ "17.9%" ], "answer_start": [ 132 ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.02.025

The same group subsequently used a mesoscopic architecture (CL/mp-TiO2/FAPbI3)0.85(MAPbBr3)0.15/PTAA/Au) and showed a certified PCE~17.9%, VOC~1.11 V PEDOT: PSS is one of the most successful HTMs owing to its good film forming properties, its transparency and its high work function (~5.2 eV) ), an architecture that typically employ organic compact charge extraction layers on the substrates to collect holes whereas the electrons are collected from the metal back contact.

What is the value of PCE?

2389

{ "text": [ "759 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 222 ] }

10.1016/j.cej.2013.02.017

These results demonstrate that besides the desirable single crystalline structure for the NTs On the contrary, the Voc presented the opposite trend to that of Jsc; it increased with the temperature increase from 732 up to 759 mV.

What is the value of Voc?

51833

{ "text": [ "0.61 V" ], "answer_start": [ 141 ] }

10.1039/B820540J

By careful fabrication of the solar cell, a present highest performance for the Chlorin-2 sensitized solar cell is Jsc = 14.9 mA cm−2, Voc = 0.61 V, FF = 0.72, and η = 6.5%.

What is the value of Voc?

62806

{ "text": [ "707 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2017.02.166

As shown in , QX24 and QX25 with a DCRD anchoring group exhibited a relatively poorer DSSC performances (QX24: a Voc of 707 mV, a Jsc of 9.03 mA cm−2, and a PCE of 4.35%; QX25: a Voc of 724 mV, a Jsc of 9.71 mA cm−2, and a PCE of 4.81%) compared with QX22 and QX23 with a cyanoacrylic acid anchoring group.

What is the value of Voc?

40836

{ "text": [ "6%" ], "answer_start": [ 123 ] }

10.1039/C5TA00084J

As reported in Table 1, the PCEs of the best M-In2O3/ZnO/CH3NH3PbI3 and HC-PEDOT/SC-PEDOT/CH3NH3PbI3 cells were 7.8% and 7.6%, respectively.

What is the value of PCE?

16450

{ "text": [ "6.02 ± 0.03%" ], "answer_start": [ 169 ] }

10.1039/C8TA00968F

After optimizing the carbonization temperature of the ZIF-NC, the cell with the ZIF-NC-900 °C composite film exhibits the best photovoltaic conversion efficiency (η) of 6.02 ± 0.03% with an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.74 ± 0.00 V, a short-circuit current density (JSC) of 12.27 ± 0.29 mA cm−2, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.66 ± 0.01 (Table 1).

What is the value of η?

72191

{ "text": [ "15.00%" ], "answer_start": [ 72 ] }

10.1039/C7TC02928D

The devices with 1:1:1 ratios showed the best performance with a PCE of 15.00% with a Voc of 1.002 V, a Jsc of 21.66 mA cm−2 and a FF of 69.11.

What is the value of PCE?

12331

{ "text": [ "8.64%" ], "answer_start": [ 106 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.03.032

As for SYE/A@T cell, the photovoltaic performance is improved and the highest Jsc of 20.94mAcm−2 and η of 8.64% are achieved, which are 27.6% and 61.5% enhancements of η as compared with pure TiO2 and SYE cells, respectively.To find out the reasons of the photovoltaic enhancement associated with the morphology as well as the components of the Au/TiO2-modified UC composites, we measured UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra of above photoelectrodes in the wavelength region of 400–800nm, and the results are shown in .

What is the value of η?

43510

{ "text": [ "0.25 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 47 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.092

The active area of this electrode was fixed at 0.25 cm2.The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was done with a scanning rate of 5°/min in the 2θ range 10–90° using a Miniflex II, Rigaku X-ray diffractometer (XRD) with Cu Kα radiation (λ=0.154 nm).

What is the value of active area?

5926

{ "text": [ "10.4%" ], "answer_start": [ 289 ] }

10.1016/j.cattod.2018.08.001

PSCs made with small amount of AgCl doped sample AST-0.01 (0.01 M AgNO3 used as silver source) microspheres has a short-circuit current (JSC) of 20.6 mA/cm2 and an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.88 V, which exhibits the best performance with an overall power conversion efficiency (η) of 10.4%.

What is the value of η?

8441

{ "text": [ "4.10%" ], "answer_start": [ 81 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2007.06.028

At this illumination, the cells made on FTO have similar efficiency: η= 4.01 and 4.10% for 450 and 130 °C annealing, respectively, with higher FF and lower Jsc for the cell annealed at 130 °C.

What is the value of η?

36383

{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 89 ] }

10.1039/C2EE22998F

The aperture area is recommended to be just slightly smaller than the active area of the TiO2 electrode to minimize uncertainties.During the measurement, the cell temperature should be stable at 25 °C with a fluctuation of less than 1 degree.

What is ?

64717

{ "text": [ "628 mV" ], "answer_start": [ 30 ] }

10.1039/C8TC03542C

Solar cells attained a VOC of 628 mV, JSC of 6.29 mA cm−2, FF of 0.43 and PCE of 1.70% when sensitized with N3 and a VOC of 880 mV, JSC of 8.22 mA cm−2, FF of 0.44 and PCE of 3.21% when sensitized with BzTCA, once more proving that organic dyes are better-suited to work with polymeric HTMs.

What is the value of VOC?

70991

{ "text": [ "TiO2" ], "answer_start": [ 19 ] }

10.1039/C5TA05373K

The fabricated FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3−xBrx/HTL was then transferred into a dry box with 20% humidity to be oxidized for 16 h.

What is FTO?

16127

{ "text": [ "11.1" ], "answer_start": [ 263 ] }

10.1039/C5NR05207F

Because strong acids will increase the equipment cost and cause environmental damage, recently an acid-free medium growth method employing disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (Na2EDTA) is reported, and the PSC with the as-made rutile TiO2 showed a PCE of up to 11.1%.Research about the length effect in TiO2 nanorods showed that the charge recombination rate is similar in nanorods with different lengths but electron diffusion is faster in longer nanorods.

What is ?

20260

{ "text": [ "8.05%" ], "answer_start": [ 151 ] }

10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.12.005

When CuFeSe2 nanocubes are used as CE, the optimized photovoltaic parameters are Voc= 0.714 V, Jsc= 16.10 mA cm−2, FF = 0.70, thus leading to a PCE of 8.05%.

What is the value of PCE?

40457

{ "text": [ "20.0%" ], "answer_start": [ 140 ] }

10.1016/j.joule.2018.08.012

A shows the J-V curve for one of the devices after the application of an antireflection layer, achieving a PCE of 20.6% under reverse scan (20.0% under forward scan).

What is the value of PCE?

7796

{ "text": [ "1 cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 142 ] }

10.1016/j.tsf.2012.04.052

A 50 μm-thick spacer (Type 1702, Himilan of Mitsui-DuPont poly chemical) was inserted between the electrodes to create an active area size of 1 cm2.

What is the value of active area?

31131

{ "text": [ "5.4 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 43 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2011.01.099

As seen in , the Jsc and η of device 1 are 5.4 mA/cm2 and 1.1%, respectively.

What is the value of Jsc?

31339

{ "text": [ "5.18%" ], "answer_start": [ 93 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.04.100

With the multi-efforts of UC-YF3, power conversion efficiency (PCE) of DSSC is improved from 5.18% to 6.22%.

What is the value of PCE?

48620

{ "text": [ "16.3%" ], "answer_start": [ 242 ] }

10.1039/C6TA05254A

Compared to Spiro-OMeTAD, perovskite solar cells with ST1 exhibit a remarkable overall power conversion efficiency of 15.4% without the use of any dopants and additives, which is comparable to that of the devices based on doped Spiro-OMeTAD (16.3%) and present better stability during a four week aging test.Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with methyl ammonium lead halides as light absorbers have attracted considerable attention because of their simple structures, low fabrication cost and high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs).

What is the value of PCE?

22337

{ "text": [ "3.05%" ], "answer_start": [ 233 ] }

10.1039/C9DT01448A

Remarkably, for masked cells based on the same copper(I) dye D1, the best absolute efficiency reached with the copper(I)/copper(II) redox shuttle (η = 2.51%) is 82% the best efficiency reached with the problematic I−/I3− couple (η = 3.05%), confirming the great potential of “full-copper” DSSCs and consolidating the way to DSSCs with Earth-abundant components.A.

What is the value of η?

70170

{ "text": [ "14.1%" ], "answer_start": [ 141 ] }

10.1039/C5TA04340A

By inserting the LiF interlayer and choosing the optimal thickness of the PCBM layer, they fabricated highly efficient devices with a PCE of 14.1% (Jsc of 20.7 mA cm−2, Voc of 0.866 V, and FF of 78.3%) under AM 1.5 G 100 mW cm−2 irradiation.It is also reported that an amino-functionalized polymer (PN4N) was introduced to modify the interface between the ETL and the metal electrode.

What is the value of PCE?

14972

{ "text": [ "1.40%" ], "answer_start": [ 121 ] }

10.1016/j.electacta.2014.09.098

Jsc, Voc and ff of the cell without the compact layer were 16.90 mA·cm−2, 240 mV and 0.36, respectively, leading to η of 1.40%.

What is the value of η?

58979

{ "text": [ "5.07%" ], "answer_start": [ 126 ] }

10.1016/j.solener.2015.11.015

The number of anchoring groups/butoxy groups exerts a significant impact on Voc, Jsc and η.Dye 76 and 77 showed efficiency of 5.07% and 5.17% respectively ().

What is the value of η?

53144

{ "text": [ "8.7%" ], "answer_start": [ 18 ] }

10.1039/C5NR05207F

They got a PCE of 8.7% for the FTO device and 4.3% for the flexible device.

What is the value of PCE?

20274

{ "text": [ "0.4cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 61 ] }

10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.04.075

The TiO2 thin film was maintained with an active area of 0.4×0.4cm2 by removing the side portions by scraping.The prepared TiO2 photoanode was treated with UV–ozone for 30min and heated to 80°C.

What is the value of active area?

26406

{ "text": [ "0.770 V" ], "answer_start": [ 205 ] }

10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.05.014

It is found that the DSSC assembled with pure LCMO nanoparticles shows an power conversion efficiency of 6.46%, the short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 14.20 mA·cm−2, open circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.770 V and fill factor (FF) of 59.16%, respectively.

What is the value of Voc?

38015

{ "text": [ "5.36 mA/cm2" ], "answer_start": [ 141 ] }

10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.09.143

In particular, C-FC-10(30) showed a higher photovoltaic performance (JSC= 6.44 mA/cm2,VOC= 0.720 V, FF= 78.57, and η= 3.64%) than C-SP (JSC= 5.36 mA/cm2,VOC= 0.688 V, FF= 69.90, and η= 2.57%), despite the lower dye adsorption.

What is the value of JSC?

60000

{ "text": [ "ETL" ], "answer_start": [ 32 ] }

10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.02.047

Furthermore, device with the GO ETL also showed long-term stability (3% PCE decay), which is comparable to that obtained without interlayer (56% PCE decay).

What is ?

7556

{ "text": [ "11.2" ], "answer_start": [ 26 ] }

10.1039/C5NR05207F

The PCE was improved from 11.2% to 15.7%.Compact layers can be formed by spin coating a dispersion of ZnO nanoparticles without sintering, which is convenient for flexible cells.

What is ?

20253

{ "text": [ "0.766 V" ], "answer_start": [ 229 ] }

10.1039/C2CP23876D

Although the short circuit photocurrent density (Jsc, 11.71 mA cm−2) and fill factor (FF, 59.23%) of TTC103 are very close to the values of TTC102, there is a wide gap (0.057 V) between the open-circuit voltages of TTC102 (Voc = 0.766 V) and TTC103 (Voc = 0.709 V).

What is the value of Voc?

62370