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44af413b6b38aef276d2ad9f37fad2cd94d053ea | Treaty | Treaties are not necessarily permanently binding upon the signatory parties. As obligations in international law are traditionally viewed as arising only from the consent of states, many treaties expressly allow a state to withdraw as long as it follows certain procedures of notification. For example, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs provides that the treaty will terminate if, as a result of denunciations, the number of parties falls below 40. Many treaties expressly forbid withdrawal. Article 56 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides that where a treaty is silent over whether or not it can be denounced there is a rebuttable presumption that it cannot be unilaterally denounced unless: | What isn't specifically said but is understood? | {
"text": [
"viewed as arising only from the consent of states"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
55ee9e6c01dba7a62c4ff11a9352606a8548faf6 | Treaty | Treaties are not necessarily permanently binding upon the signatory parties. As obligations in international law are traditionally viewed as arising only from the consent of states, many treaties expressly allow a state to withdraw as long as it follows certain procedures of notification. For example, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs provides that the treaty will terminate if, as a result of denunciations, the number of parties falls below 40. Many treaties expressly forbid withdrawal. Article 56 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides that where a treaty is silent over whether or not it can be denounced there is a rebuttable presumption that it cannot be unilaterally denounced unless: | What is true of some strict treaties? | {
"text": [
"Many treaties expressly forbid withdrawal"
],
"answer_start": [
455
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
fade1f924fc590c2dc64571390008ef9325eb49c | Treaty | Treaties are not necessarily permanently binding upon the signatory parties. As obligations in international law are traditionally viewed as arising only from the consent of states, many treaties expressly allow a state to withdraw as long as it follows certain procedures of notification. For example, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs provides that the treaty will terminate if, as a result of denunciations, the number of parties falls below 40. Many treaties expressly forbid withdrawal. Article 56 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides that where a treaty is silent over whether or not it can be denounced there is a rebuttable presumption that it cannot be unilaterally denounced unless: | If only one actor that has signed into a treaty takes action, how have they acted? | {
"text": [
"unilaterally"
],
"answer_start": [
688
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5ff8c1318f19f63bedc7d08c89feebd4ec09db9f | Treaty | Treaties are not necessarily permanently binding upon the signatory parties. As obligations in international law are traditionally viewed as arising only from the consent of states, many treaties expressly allow a state to withdraw as long as it follows certain procedures of notification. For example, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs provides that the treaty will terminate if, as a result of denunciations, the number of parties falls below 40. Many treaties expressly forbid withdrawal. Article 56 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides that where a treaty is silent over whether or not it can be denounced there is a rebuttable presumption that it cannot be unilaterally denounced unless: | Where is there evidence that something is missing and leaves you wondering what the answer is? | {
"text": [
"not it can be denounced there is a rebuttable presumption that it cannot be unilaterally denounced unless"
],
"answer_start": [
612
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3e4c0a90de2bc7f9841679b25738ed0438c8a78a | Treaty | Treaties are not necessarily permanently binding upon the signatory parties. As obligations in international law are traditionally viewed as arising only from the consent of states, many treaties expressly allow a state to withdraw as long as it follows certain procedures of notification. For example, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs provides that the treaty will terminate if, as a result of denunciations, the number of parties falls below 40. Many treaties expressly forbid withdrawal. Article 56 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides that where a treaty is silent over whether or not it can be denounced there is a rebuttable presumption that it cannot be unilaterally denounced unless: | What can be temporary? | {
"text": [
"Treaties"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2a36d26bdf79995a869df0d91040aa1a7fdc53c4 | Treaty | Treaties are not necessarily permanently binding upon the signatory parties. As obligations in international law are traditionally viewed as arising only from the consent of states, many treaties expressly allow a state to withdraw as long as it follows certain procedures of notification. For example, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs provides that the treaty will terminate if, as a result of denunciations, the number of parties falls below 40. Many treaties expressly forbid withdrawal. Article 56 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides that where a treaty is silent over whether or not it can be denounced there is a rebuttable presumption that it cannot be unilaterally denounced unless: | What part of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties addresses what to do when a treaty does not address denunciation? | {
"text": [
"Article 56"
],
"answer_start": [
498
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
83ec9979ac47b8ddcf696763e6c8524632bc0d42 | Treaty | Treaties are not necessarily permanently binding upon the signatory parties. As obligations in international law are traditionally viewed as arising only from the consent of states, many treaties expressly allow a state to withdraw as long as it follows certain procedures of notification. For example, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs provides that the treaty will terminate if, as a result of denunciations, the number of parties falls below 40. Many treaties expressly forbid withdrawal. Article 56 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides that where a treaty is silent over whether or not it can be denounced there is a rebuttable presumption that it cannot be unilaterally denounced unless: | What needs to happen for a treaty to be valid? | {
"text": [
"consent of states"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
04cbed4843e03e987855906541c343825694bc96 | Treaty | Treaties are not necessarily permanently binding upon the signatory parties. As obligations in international law are traditionally viewed as arising only from the consent of states, many treaties expressly allow a state to withdraw as long as it follows certain procedures of notification. For example, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs provides that the treaty will terminate if, as a result of denunciations, the number of parties falls below 40. Many treaties expressly forbid withdrawal. Article 56 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides that where a treaty is silent over whether or not it can be denounced there is a rebuttable presumption that it cannot be unilaterally denounced unless: | What do treaties do when they don't forbid withdrawals? | {
"text": [
"allow a state to withdraw"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7c3539474f1ef3dfefd1d9bc62da4ebc80d131cd | Treaty | Treaties are not necessarily permanently binding upon the signatory parties. As obligations in international law are traditionally viewed as arising only from the consent of states, many treaties expressly allow a state to withdraw as long as it follows certain procedures of notification. For example, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs provides that the treaty will terminate if, as a result of denunciations, the number of parties falls below 40. Many treaties expressly forbid withdrawal. Article 56 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides that where a treaty is silent over whether or not it can be denounced there is a rebuttable presumption that it cannot be unilaterally denounced unless: | What specific rules must states follow regarding their agreements? | {
"text": [
"Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3a685cc5119424bf1c0567ad289aba60e975361e | Treaty | Treaties are not necessarily permanently binding upon the signatory parties. As obligations in international law are traditionally viewed as arising only from the consent of states, many treaties expressly allow a state to withdraw as long as it follows certain procedures of notification. For example, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs provides that the treaty will terminate if, as a result of denunciations, the number of parties falls below 40. Many treaties expressly forbid withdrawal. Article 56 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides that where a treaty is silent over whether or not it can be denounced there is a rebuttable presumption that it cannot be unilaterally denounced unless: | What do some treaties do when they don't allow a state to withdraw? | {
"text": [
"expressly forbid withdrawal"
],
"answer_start": [
469
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
41d83636719700b196d552c5dff2c611e5224baa | Treaty | Treaties are not necessarily permanently binding upon the signatory parties. As obligations in international law are traditionally viewed as arising only from the consent of states, many treaties expressly allow a state to withdraw as long as it follows certain procedures of notification. For example, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs provides that the treaty will terminate if, as a result of denunciations, the number of parties falls below 40. Many treaties expressly forbid withdrawal. Article 56 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides that where a treaty is silent over whether or not it can be denounced there is a rebuttable presumption that it cannot be unilaterally denounced unless: | How is it possible for the number of parties in the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs to drop to a level at which the treaty will terminate? | {
"text": [
"denunciations"
],
"answer_start": [
402
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
790b927bfe186a3519b6209b5a377c6d27f20189 | Treaty | Treaties are not necessarily permanently binding upon the signatory parties. As obligations in international law are traditionally viewed as arising only from the consent of states, many treaties expressly allow a state to withdraw as long as it follows certain procedures of notification. For example, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs provides that the treaty will terminate if, as a result of denunciations, the number of parties falls below 40. Many treaties expressly forbid withdrawal. Article 56 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides that where a treaty is silent over whether or not it can be denounced there is a rebuttable presumption that it cannot be unilaterally denounced unless: | What happens when enough parties denounce the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs to make the number of parties fall below forty? | {
"text": [
"the treaty will terminate"
],
"answer_start": [
357
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a231dcca07459d4d357493f0d445d62a2cff5037 | Treaty | Treaties are not necessarily permanently binding upon the signatory parties. As obligations in international law are traditionally viewed as arising only from the consent of states, many treaties expressly allow a state to withdraw as long as it follows certain procedures of notification. For example, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs provides that the treaty will terminate if, as a result of denunciations, the number of parties falls below 40. Many treaties expressly forbid withdrawal. Article 56 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides that where a treaty is silent over whether or not it can be denounced there is a rebuttable presumption that it cannot be unilaterally denounced unless: | What shows how one way entity can get out of an agreement? | {
"text": [
"result of denunciations, the number of parties falls below 40"
],
"answer_start": [
392
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d8e23452ceb08674af5a82c3ec57b022cf236d42 | Treaty | The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written in its most formal, longest possible form. For example, the Charter of the United Nations was "DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five." If the treaty is executed in multiple copies in different languages, that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic. | Where do parties typically sign a treaty? | {
"text": [
"The end of a treaty, the eschatocol"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8c0e4ba0302c9c6bff6594fb06a4ba8afb7b048e | Treaty | The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written in its most formal, longest possible form. For example, the Charter of the United Nations was "DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five." If the treaty is executed in multiple copies in different languages, that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic. | How is the fnal part of a treaty marked? | {
"text": [
"in witness whereof\" or \"in faith whereof,\""
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
29a4ae8084dd35aff67950039b9361c319562ec0 | Treaty | The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written in its most formal, longest possible form. For example, the Charter of the United Nations was "DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five." If the treaty is executed in multiple copies in different languages, that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic. | How would the date be written on a treaty if the date was June 26, 1945? | {
"text": [
"twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five"
],
"answer_start": [
454
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d19b97550931e2577e69b60b8d21a2cd1ac54069 | Treaty | The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written in its most formal, longest possible form. For example, the Charter of the United Nations was "DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five." If the treaty is executed in multiple copies in different languages, that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic. | How do you determine the treaty is closing? | {
"text": [
"by a clause like \"in witness whereof\" or \"in faith whereof,\""
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"answer_start": [
77
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} | {
"split": "train",
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894735e11ebda3185ca8275bf05b30f54b3522b4 | Treaty | The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written in its most formal, longest possible form. For example, the Charter of the United Nations was "DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five." If the treaty is executed in multiple copies in different languages, that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic. | How do you know when when a treaty is done? | {
"text": [
"the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words \"DONE at"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} | {
"split": "train",
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} |
5a5290d400406c9af7b0d5340009d4cc26390924 | Treaty | The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written in its most formal, longest possible form. For example, the Charter of the United Nations was "DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five." If the treaty is executed in multiple copies in different languages, that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic. | Where would a clause like "in witness thereof" be found in a treaty? | {
"text": [
"the eschatocol"
],
"answer_start": [
21
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} | {
"split": "train",
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} |
9387a0844a5b588245d978cc49e4628dcbaeb8d2 | Treaty | The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written in its most formal, longest possible form. For example, the Charter of the United Nations was "DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five." If the treaty is executed in multiple copies in different languages, that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic. | How do you finish up a treaty? | {
"text": [
"the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words \"DONE at,\" then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} | {
"split": "train",
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} |
07b2972319a56203b827e76e74087d9e49392ba5 | Treaty | The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written in its most formal, longest possible form. For example, the Charter of the United Nations was "DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five." If the treaty is executed in multiple copies in different languages, that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic. | Where in a treat is the day and placed noted? | {
"text": [
"DONE at,\""
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1d612cc9a8f59010ee0cac8f83fc2a530ba9b82c | Treaty | The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written in its most formal, longest possible form. For example, the Charter of the United Nations was "DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five." If the treaty is executed in multiple copies in different languages, that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic. | In witness whereof is followed by what? | {
"text": [
"the parties have affixed their signatures"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f9949ac61ff46f95d9742bfafbc56b871053a115 | Treaty | The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written in its most formal, longest possible form. For example, the Charter of the United Nations was "DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five." If the treaty is executed in multiple copies in different languages, that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic. | What is required for a treaty to be executed in different languages? | {
"text": [
"that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic"
],
"answer_start": [
592
]
} | {
"split": "train",
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0fc5883fae6ef1775133c7eb40b96b6dd24678c9 | Treaty | The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written in its most formal, longest possible form. For example, the Charter of the United Nations was "DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five." If the treaty is executed in multiple copies in different languages, that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic. | What is the eschatocol? | {
"text": [
"The end of a treaty"
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0
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} | {
"split": "train",
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222cf53b2edf51c2f382879cb1239afdd387dabd | Treaty | The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written in its most formal, longest possible form. For example, the Charter of the United Nations was "DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five." If the treaty is executed in multiple copies in different languages, that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic. | Where is done at the end of a treaty? | {
"text": [
"affixed their signatures"
],
"answer_start": [
155
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} | {
"split": "train",
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e6efaf51fd8280ab9b8c45c48bacb8d6ce085bdb | Treaty | After their adoption, treaties as well as their amendments have to follow the official legal procedures of the United Nations, as applied by the Office of Legal Affairs, including signature, ratification and entry into force. | __ is usually accomplished by exchanging the requisite instruments in bilateral treaties | {
"text": [
"ratification"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} | {
"split": "train",
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537b7f424cb0116dbfb96b04fbb1ccda8095d20e | Treaty | After their adoption, treaties as well as their amendments have to follow the official legal procedures of the United Nations, as applied by the Office of Legal Affairs, including signature, ratification and entry into force. | The Office of Legal Affairs belongs to? | {
"text": [
"United Nations"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} | {
"split": "train",
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} |
eb29dc385854dd87cd4e6e32d1d4a3fc3b9ab6f4 | Treaty | After their adoption, treaties as well as their amendments have to follow the official legal procedures of the United Nations, as applied by the Office of Legal Affairs, including signature, ratification and entry into force. | What do treaties have to do with UN policy? | {
"text": [
"follow"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} | {
"split": "train",
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} |
c2bec3f5b5a9513a0740f4dcfa7aac3b80eca4b0 | Treaty | After their adoption, treaties as well as their amendments have to follow the official legal procedures of the United Nations, as applied by the Office of Legal Affairs, including signature, ratification and entry into force. | In the case of multilateral treaties, the usual procedure is for the depositary to collect the__ of all states | {
"text": [
"ratification"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} | {
"split": "train",
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} |
f7be3aa7d449a57a07cc41da20bfc56c8c39d2d8 | Treaty | After their adoption, treaties as well as their amendments have to follow the official legal procedures of the United Nations, as applied by the Office of Legal Affairs, including signature, ratification and entry into force. | Which methodologies must be used? | {
"text": [
"official"
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78
]
} | {
"split": "train",
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} |
88283d97b0688414943777b6a243667bdb45ea49 | Treaty | After their adoption, treaties as well as their amendments have to follow the official legal procedures of the United Nations, as applied by the Office of Legal Affairs, including signature, ratification and entry into force. | Treaties have what status? | {
"text": [
"legal"
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"answer_start": [
87
]
} | {
"split": "train",
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} |
79ddad5357c3eb5819b906e7864ca6ff749ab96b | Treaty | After their adoption, treaties as well as their amendments have to follow the official legal procedures of the United Nations, as applied by the Office of Legal Affairs, including signature, ratification and entry into force. | __ is the international act in which a state indicates its consent to be bound to a treaty | {
"text": [
"ratification"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d51f240be8ea694fef5155988c2fdf1e015c900e | Treaty | International tribunals and arbiters are often called upon to resolve substantial disputes over treaty interpretations. To establish the meaning in context, these judicial bodies may review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty as well as the final, signed treaty itself. | Who reviews treaties? | {
"text": [
"International tribunals and arbiters"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
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} |
e0634469d91eb0fb0421f643c1bd38896ad5f6bc | Treaty | International tribunals and arbiters are often called upon to resolve substantial disputes over treaty interpretations. To establish the meaning in context, these judicial bodies may review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty as well as the final, signed treaty itself. | What leads to treaty disputes? | {
"text": [
"interpretations"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} | {
"split": "train",
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} |
9dd858ebd40634c6a1b83d13bd63013ea9327ea8 | Treaty | International tribunals and arbiters are often called upon to resolve substantial disputes over treaty interpretations. To establish the meaning in context, these judicial bodies may review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty as well as the final, signed treaty itself. | Calling up individuals to serve for millitary service is described as doing what action? | {
"text": [
"drafting"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3700a1ab29203caf5aa7ec2877e4b1a9264a520d | Treaty | International tribunals and arbiters are often called upon to resolve substantial disputes over treaty interpretations. To establish the meaning in context, these judicial bodies may review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty as well as the final, signed treaty itself. | What branch of goverment is intended to interpret laws as constitutional in the US? | {
"text": [
"judicial"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c97084c26417f0973d40cc064b8b9e814248b950 | Treaty | International tribunals and arbiters are often called upon to resolve substantial disputes over treaty interpretations. To establish the meaning in context, these judicial bodies may review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty as well as the final, signed treaty itself. | What behind the scenes information do the tribunals have? | {
"text": [
"preparatory work"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a7fab4850bbb71b32a350e84532dd7d93b49f0a0 | Treaty | International tribunals and arbiters are often called upon to resolve substantial disputes over treaty interpretations. To establish the meaning in context, these judicial bodies may review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty as well as the final, signed treaty itself. | Why would an arbiter get involved? | {
"text": [
"resolve substantial disputes"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1be610396eff00c3627534e2b477461832e03850 | Treaty | International tribunals and arbiters are often called upon to resolve substantial disputes over treaty interpretations. To establish the meaning in context, these judicial bodies may review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty as well as the final, signed treaty itself. | What are the arbiters and international tribunals? | {
"text": [
"judicial bodies"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b96228ffeea9dfe2be604e05eed94bc1ff255844 | Treaty | International tribunals and arbiters are often called upon to resolve substantial disputes over treaty interpretations. To establish the meaning in context, these judicial bodies may review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty as well as the final, signed treaty itself. | What can be concluded by the treaty process? | {
"text": [
"the meaning in context"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f4fb85fa0dd4cea41032402674444973fbb8f1a1 | Treaty | International tribunals and arbiters are often called upon to resolve substantial disputes over treaty interpretations. To establish the meaning in context, these judicial bodies may review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty as well as the final, signed treaty itself. | What term refers to people with authority to judge disputes, that comes from a Roman title tribunus? | {
"text": [
"tribunals"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7ea0c8b64e562e53d02b88cf65b5f61e8e3aa8a3 | Treaty | International tribunals and arbiters are often called upon to resolve substantial disputes over treaty interpretations. To establish the meaning in context, these judicial bodies may review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty as well as the final, signed treaty itself. | The Latin substantialis was used to derive what English word meaning of considerable importance? | {
"text": [
"substantial"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
33f970d62d103a97b6510e39b2e22515d688c9d9 | Treaty | International tribunals and arbiters are often called upon to resolve substantial disputes over treaty interpretations. To establish the meaning in context, these judicial bodies may review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty as well as the final, signed treaty itself. | What do arbiters use to make a decision? | {
"text": [
"the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty as well as the final, signed treaty itself"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
bc8e5bd9fe8e7fcfe1092bddaca49f1f6b5c2f9d | Treaty | International tribunals and arbiters are often called upon to resolve substantial disputes over treaty interpretations. To establish the meaning in context, these judicial bodies may review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty as well as the final, signed treaty itself. | What makes a treaty final? | {
"text": [
"signed"
],
"answer_start": [
281
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
92b074ffdbc50c3809f8b3262eb68ea020bcdf5f | Treaty | International tribunals and arbiters are often called upon to resolve substantial disputes over treaty interpretations. To establish the meaning in context, these judicial bodies may review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty as well as the final, signed treaty itself. | A term for the people who have ultimate authority in a matter, from the Latin word for "judge" is? | {
"text": [
"arbiters"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3cd845867f4a211b88c00d5f409988359b7a9a37 | Treaty | In some rare cases, such as with Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China, the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization. This involved learning the intricacies of European diplomatic customs and then using the treaties to prevent a power from overstepping their agreement or by playing different powers against each other. | What were the documents for? | {
"text": [
"to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
12d63ca6cde19fb6bfd0220f697cdb51a8432eb7 | Treaty | In some rare cases, such as with Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China, the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization. This involved learning the intricacies of European diplomatic customs and then using the treaties to prevent a power from overstepping their agreement or by playing different powers against each other. | Who was invasive? | {
"text": [
"European"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
989d1630c40cdc9e1fd04f615ed31b6a5e1f6307 | Treaty | In some rare cases, such as with Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China, the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization. This involved learning the intricacies of European diplomatic customs and then using the treaties to prevent a power from overstepping their agreement or by playing different powers against each other. | Which Asian nation was able to play different powers against each other? | {
"text": [
"China"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1e5b4e585cb16605af2ddd6e5b93ac3a87c6f6d4 | Treaty | In some rare cases, such as with Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China, the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization. This involved learning the intricacies of European diplomatic customs and then using the treaties to prevent a power from overstepping their agreement or by playing different powers against each other. | Whose customs were mandatory for learning? | {
"text": [
"European"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
954bacfc57d6bb8f0eb094d71ab78448f90f86ce | Treaty | In some rare cases, such as with Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China, the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization. This involved learning the intricacies of European diplomatic customs and then using the treaties to prevent a power from overstepping their agreement or by playing different powers against each other. | How was this accomplished? | {
"text": [
"learning the intricacies of European diplomatic customs"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
fdc4f638f0d2636f6ae856b4255e79c377b32c82 | Treaty | In some rare cases, such as with Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China, the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization. This involved learning the intricacies of European diplomatic customs and then using the treaties to prevent a power from overstepping their agreement or by playing different powers against each other. | Who could be combative? | {
"text": [
"powers"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d54f2f90d17cedcd55164c39bb8b175db1a9f9f2 | Treaty | In some rare cases, such as with Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China, the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization. This involved learning the intricacies of European diplomatic customs and then using the treaties to prevent a power from overstepping their agreement or by playing different powers against each other. | What helped on occassion? | {
"text": [
"the treaties"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
cda738b72d60c99380f2c9db3582c5333863a786 | Treaty | In some rare cases, such as with Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China, the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization. This involved learning the intricacies of European diplomatic customs and then using the treaties to prevent a power from overstepping their agreement or by playing different powers against each other. | What hurt and what helped the Dynasty? | {
"text": [
"the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ed539d15c1bb6bfaa21deedde1dd207053e7bfec | Treaty | In some rare cases, such as with Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China, the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization. This involved learning the intricacies of European diplomatic customs and then using the treaties to prevent a power from overstepping their agreement or by playing different powers against each other. | What was the aim? | {
"text": [
"to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0650fbf28f3a13c0f69b4912ab71d007d0197ebb | Treaty | In some rare cases, such as with Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China, the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization. This involved learning the intricacies of European diplomatic customs and then using the treaties to prevent a power from overstepping their agreement or by playing different powers against each other. | Which Asian nation was able to use treaties to mitigate the impact of European colonization? | {
"text": [
"China"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c3dd14c7bc3daf57e0b5e5d61bc75199b3122bde | Treaty | In some rare cases, such as with Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China, the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization. This involved learning the intricacies of European diplomatic customs and then using the treaties to prevent a power from overstepping their agreement or by playing different powers against each other. | What keeps the balance? | {
"text": [
"treaties"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
fd42cba100d5efe7bbaadae89814305c5d5aec21 | Treaty | In some rare cases, such as with Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China, the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization. This involved learning the intricacies of European diplomatic customs and then using the treaties to prevent a power from overstepping their agreement or by playing different powers against each other. | Which powers would be played against each other? | {
"text": [
"European"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d0ba87f99f80272658502750e8be5ab2b25a0da5 | Treaty | In some rare cases, such as with Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China, the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization. This involved learning the intricacies of European diplomatic customs and then using the treaties to prevent a power from overstepping their agreement or by playing different powers against each other. | What did these people do? | {
"text": [
"use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
24f69cf98c20316c927f19a2c57bbfc521227a24 | Treaty | In some rare cases, such as with Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China, the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization. This involved learning the intricacies of European diplomatic customs and then using the treaties to prevent a power from overstepping their agreement or by playing different powers against each other. | What was a tactic used? | {
"text": [
"playing different powers against each other"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6fd15a797f9dd7f85fb9db5ac1af5a328d8e02be | Treaty | In some rare cases, such as with Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China, the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization. This involved learning the intricacies of European diplomatic customs and then using the treaties to prevent a power from overstepping their agreement or by playing different powers against each other. | Why did the treaties help Ethiopia and the Qing Dynasty China specifically? | {
"text": [
"using the treaties to prevent a power from overstepping their agreement or by playing different powers against each other"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
81f0819c1753c12f1f3a02a6e39c145018bdeb21 | Treaty | In the United States, the term "treaty" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President. | What is a treaty under international law? | {
"text": [
"executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0b2ab1b2787d22a8342bf519a3f100530b934c58 | Treaty | In the United States, the term "treaty" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President. | In the USA, how many of whom need to approve of something before it being considered a treaty? | {
"text": [
"two-thirds of the Senators present"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5ffd3eaa12f27ba9edc730ec5578c024489f7ed9 | Treaty | In the United States, the term "treaty" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President. | Which of the following does not have executive power, the President or two-thirds of the Senators? | {
"text": [
"two-thirds of the Senators"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
25a7d7e1cf519dc411900ad9d773350c4f1350cc | Treaty | In the United States, the term "treaty" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President. | What is a sole executive agreement considered outside of the USA? | {
"text": [
"treaty"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
63f7c46d6a6506d8a528e4c4b24510e64860d02c | Treaty | In the United States, the term "treaty" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President. | Which of the following is not a type of agreement under US law: sole executive, congressional-executive, or consent? | {
"text": [
"consent"
],
"answer_start": [
504
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
925163d277e99fe09825d94217b32fa71c72a95b | Treaty | In the United States, the term "treaty" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President. | What separates an executive agreement from a sole executive agreement? | {
"text": [
"their method of approval"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e70b63e8b2ac84127363e9c6a11692cb794f6e59 | Treaty | In the United States, the term "treaty" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President. | In international relations which body of jurisprudence generally defines treaties between nations? | {
"text": [
"international law"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
09f8ddfdbbbbd04ce812cabd4c0d5c60700d74c3 | Treaty | In the United States, the term "treaty" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President. | What are the two bodies that make up the congressional side of a congressional-executive agreement? | {
"text": [
"House and the Senate"
],
"answer_start": [
851
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
958fd715e800d974228495ac320f5d6c5e023a76 | Treaty | In the United States, the term "treaty" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President. | Treaties need o be approved by what proportion of the legislature? | {
"text": [
"two-thirds of the Senators present"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a7db2e48371a392f4690b1cd4cedc6a2a40cf03c | Treaty | In the United States, the term "treaty" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President. | Are there more senators or classes of agreement with American law? | {
"text": [
"Senators"
],
"answer_start": [
533
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1959387d481a53ab9305858c8f8c93744ad473a5 | Treaty | In the United States, the term "treaty" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President. | Which type of law has a looser definition of treaty? | {
"text": [
"international law"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5197cbe1e0364faf12227360f31099a8321b52b2 | Treaty | In the United States, the term "treaty" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President. | What determines the definition of a US treaty? | {
"text": [
"internal American law"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
43b2d810054e449bc9defe1420b1967c6c66377f | Treaty | In the United States, the term "treaty" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President. | Which legislative branch does not need to sign off on treaties? | {
"text": [
"House"
],
"answer_start": [
851
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
78270ed60a73bc9e45389102bc23eb7943f7b158 | Treaty | In the United States, the term "treaty" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President. | If everything is not spelled out in a treaty, how are details clarified? | {
"text": [
"Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements"
],
"answer_start": [
624
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
dc4f1dd9f81fc4437a60736df6a96cbb414dea51 | Treaty | In the United States, the term "treaty" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President. | What kind of treaties involved the President's approval? | {
"text": [
"executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1dd21220ca952b812caebfe799c5b064de58e700 | Treaty | In the United States, the term "treaty" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President. | How does the American legal definition of treaty compare to the international legal definition? | {
"text": [
"more restricted"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
602ba3227191983f6084eccc1dfbd55d03c6c7d4 | Treaty | In the United States, the term "treaty" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President. | In the USA, what is the difference between a congressional-executive agreement and sole executive agreement? | {
"text": [
"method of approval"
],
"answer_start": [
448
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
fcc34704403e34069efe124fac650b3e954707b4 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway, one of the longest national highways in the world. The divided highway, also known as "Outer Ring Road" in the city, runs just outside the main part of the city, with exits to Pitts Memorial Drive, Topsail Road, Team Gushue Highway, Thorburn Road, Allandale Road, Portugal Cove Road and Torbay Road, providing relatively easy access to neighbourhoods served by those streets. Pitts Memorial Drive runs from Conception Bay South, through the city of Mount Pearl and into downtown St. John's, with interchanges for Goulds, Water Street and Hamilton Avenue-New Gower Street. | What can be entered from 7 different locations? | {
"text": [
"Outer Ring Road"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1274de869ec35fceddd71b42a160f27d7e005cea | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway, one of the longest national highways in the world. The divided highway, also known as "Outer Ring Road" in the city, runs just outside the main part of the city, with exits to Pitts Memorial Drive, Topsail Road, Team Gushue Highway, Thorburn Road, Allandale Road, Portugal Cove Road and Torbay Road, providing relatively easy access to neighbourhoods served by those streets. Pitts Memorial Drive runs from Conception Bay South, through the city of Mount Pearl and into downtown St. John's, with interchanges for Goulds, Water Street and Hamilton Avenue-New Gower Street. | What country does the highway cross? | {
"text": [
"Trans-Canada"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1b63bd073e60b816a830239a07295f495c24e659 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway, one of the longest national highways in the world. The divided highway, also known as "Outer Ring Road" in the city, runs just outside the main part of the city, with exits to Pitts Memorial Drive, Topsail Road, Team Gushue Highway, Thorburn Road, Allandale Road, Portugal Cove Road and Torbay Road, providing relatively easy access to neighbourhoods served by those streets. Pitts Memorial Drive runs from Conception Bay South, through the city of Mount Pearl and into downtown St. John's, with interchanges for Goulds, Water Street and Hamilton Avenue-New Gower Street. | Where does the highway conclude? | {
"text": [
"St. John's"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8da7cd31228a5a549ed283a430d47c2aeae41a86 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway, one of the longest national highways in the world. The divided highway, also known as "Outer Ring Road" in the city, runs just outside the main part of the city, with exits to Pitts Memorial Drive, Topsail Road, Team Gushue Highway, Thorburn Road, Allandale Road, Portugal Cove Road and Torbay Road, providing relatively easy access to neighbourhoods served by those streets. Pitts Memorial Drive runs from Conception Bay South, through the city of Mount Pearl and into downtown St. John's, with interchanges for Goulds, Water Street and Hamilton Avenue-New Gower Street. | Where does the ring road run? | {
"text": [
"St. John's"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
92d5871c95e681aa38869d33546e5a6a36064a83 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway, one of the longest national highways in the world. The divided highway, also known as "Outer Ring Road" in the city, runs just outside the main part of the city, with exits to Pitts Memorial Drive, Topsail Road, Team Gushue Highway, Thorburn Road, Allandale Road, Portugal Cove Road and Torbay Road, providing relatively easy access to neighbourhoods served by those streets. Pitts Memorial Drive runs from Conception Bay South, through the city of Mount Pearl and into downtown St. John's, with interchanges for Goulds, Water Street and Hamilton Avenue-New Gower Street. | What city is on the highway? | {
"text": [
"Mount Pearl"
],
"answer_start": [
513
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
bf9f571bec506e99f75c7577d8461871b4aa935d | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway, one of the longest national highways in the world. The divided highway, also known as "Outer Ring Road" in the city, runs just outside the main part of the city, with exits to Pitts Memorial Drive, Topsail Road, Team Gushue Highway, Thorburn Road, Allandale Road, Portugal Cove Road and Torbay Road, providing relatively easy access to neighbourhoods served by those streets. Pitts Memorial Drive runs from Conception Bay South, through the city of Mount Pearl and into downtown St. John's, with interchanges for Goulds, Water Street and Hamilton Avenue-New Gower Street. | What coutnry does the highway cross? | {
"text": [
"Canada"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d885433e650c1315b3f0f60e7c8cde6927fb25ce | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway, one of the longest national highways in the world. The divided highway, also known as "Outer Ring Road" in the city, runs just outside the main part of the city, with exits to Pitts Memorial Drive, Topsail Road, Team Gushue Highway, Thorburn Road, Allandale Road, Portugal Cove Road and Torbay Road, providing relatively easy access to neighbourhoods served by those streets. Pitts Memorial Drive runs from Conception Bay South, through the city of Mount Pearl and into downtown St. John's, with interchanges for Goulds, Water Street and Hamilton Avenue-New Gower Street. | Why is the highway significant? | {
"text": [
"one of the longest national highways in the world"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1fb8ef86802e03759b98917f4bfeb15c9d145d5b | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway, one of the longest national highways in the world. The divided highway, also known as "Outer Ring Road" in the city, runs just outside the main part of the city, with exits to Pitts Memorial Drive, Topsail Road, Team Gushue Highway, Thorburn Road, Allandale Road, Portugal Cove Road and Torbay Road, providing relatively easy access to neighbourhoods served by those streets. Pitts Memorial Drive runs from Conception Bay South, through the city of Mount Pearl and into downtown St. John's, with interchanges for Goulds, Water Street and Hamilton Avenue-New Gower Street. | What specifically surrounds the city? | {
"text": [
"Outer Ring Road"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8a2bb00fb7f63df2bb7246ae21c7b73e2c6a729d | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway, one of the longest national highways in the world. The divided highway, also known as "Outer Ring Road" in the city, runs just outside the main part of the city, with exits to Pitts Memorial Drive, Topsail Road, Team Gushue Highway, Thorburn Road, Allandale Road, Portugal Cove Road and Torbay Road, providing relatively easy access to neighbourhoods served by those streets. Pitts Memorial Drive runs from Conception Bay South, through the city of Mount Pearl and into downtown St. John's, with interchanges for Goulds, Water Street and Hamilton Avenue-New Gower Street. | What city does the highway abut? | {
"text": [
"St. John's"
],
"answer_start": [
543
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a1ecb17bbe5f04dc753cb3e35e6375124b29ae9d | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway, one of the longest national highways in the world. The divided highway, also known as "Outer Ring Road" in the city, runs just outside the main part of the city, with exits to Pitts Memorial Drive, Topsail Road, Team Gushue Highway, Thorburn Road, Allandale Road, Portugal Cove Road and Torbay Road, providing relatively easy access to neighbourhoods served by those streets. Pitts Memorial Drive runs from Conception Bay South, through the city of Mount Pearl and into downtown St. John's, with interchanges for Goulds, Water Street and Hamilton Avenue-New Gower Street. | What makes it possible to get into neighborhoods? | {
"text": [
"exits"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
12dd1d881b7f9ae891f4cce4e8c7d69e2919fc23 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway, one of the longest national highways in the world. The divided highway, also known as "Outer Ring Road" in the city, runs just outside the main part of the city, with exits to Pitts Memorial Drive, Topsail Road, Team Gushue Highway, Thorburn Road, Allandale Road, Portugal Cove Road and Torbay Road, providing relatively easy access to neighbourhoods served by those streets. Pitts Memorial Drive runs from Conception Bay South, through the city of Mount Pearl and into downtown St. John's, with interchanges for Goulds, Water Street and Hamilton Avenue-New Gower Street. | How does one get to downtown? | {
"text": [
"through the city of Mount Pearl"
],
"answer_start": [
493
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a17f9c4bbc728b10021a034624314e953e5d534a | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway, one of the longest national highways in the world. The divided highway, also known as "Outer Ring Road" in the city, runs just outside the main part of the city, with exits to Pitts Memorial Drive, Topsail Road, Team Gushue Highway, Thorburn Road, Allandale Road, Portugal Cove Road and Torbay Road, providing relatively easy access to neighbourhoods served by those streets. Pitts Memorial Drive runs from Conception Bay South, through the city of Mount Pearl and into downtown St. John's, with interchanges for Goulds, Water Street and Hamilton Avenue-New Gower Street. | What city abuts the highway? | {
"text": [
"St. John's"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
db9fbef1dbe4857e5fc2b2e71ffc4ea80eb1cdee | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway, one of the longest national highways in the world. The divided highway, also known as "Outer Ring Road" in the city, runs just outside the main part of the city, with exits to Pitts Memorial Drive, Topsail Road, Team Gushue Highway, Thorburn Road, Allandale Road, Portugal Cove Road and Torbay Road, providing relatively easy access to neighbourhoods served by those streets. Pitts Memorial Drive runs from Conception Bay South, through the city of Mount Pearl and into downtown St. John's, with interchanges for Goulds, Water Street and Hamilton Avenue-New Gower Street. | Where does the highway end? | {
"text": [
"interchanges for Goulds, Water Street and Hamilton Avenue-New Gower Street"
],
"answer_start": [
560
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
845a645173e0a59887da6d0c19ad54cb6da3d1e1 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway, one of the longest national highways in the world. The divided highway, also known as "Outer Ring Road" in the city, runs just outside the main part of the city, with exits to Pitts Memorial Drive, Topsail Road, Team Gushue Highway, Thorburn Road, Allandale Road, Portugal Cove Road and Torbay Road, providing relatively easy access to neighbourhoods served by those streets. Pitts Memorial Drive runs from Conception Bay South, through the city of Mount Pearl and into downtown St. John's, with interchanges for Goulds, Water Street and Hamilton Avenue-New Gower Street. | What precious sea stone is mentioned here? | {
"text": [
"Pearl"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9346119030912b04821e14892f7e42ba7c200778 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 295 miles (475 km) closer to London, England than it is to Edmonton, Alberta. The city of St. John's is located at a distance by air of 3,636 kilometres (2,259 mi) from Lorient, France which lies on a nearly precisely identical latitude across the Atlantic on the French western coast. The city is the largest in the province and the second largest in the Atlantic Provinces after Halifax, Nova Scotia. Its downtown area lies to the west and north of St. John's Harbour, and the rest of the city expands from the downtown to the north, south, east and west. | What is to the east and south of St. John's downtown area? | {
"text": [
"St. John's Harbour"
],
"answer_start": [
722
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
df5c96226272d0f9f1e3ca0ad7c7236fd1983fb1 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 295 miles (475 km) closer to London, England than it is to Edmonton, Alberta. The city of St. John's is located at a distance by air of 3,636 kilometres (2,259 mi) from Lorient, France which lies on a nearly precisely identical latitude across the Atlantic on the French western coast. The city is the largest in the province and the second largest in the Atlantic Provinces after Halifax, Nova Scotia. Its downtown area lies to the west and north of St. John's Harbour, and the rest of the city expands from the downtown to the north, south, east and west. | Which continent is least easterly, North American or Greenland? | {
"text": [
"North America"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f3bfa26bd47a521e4d885e9902515f07b6662145 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 295 miles (475 km) closer to London, England than it is to Edmonton, Alberta. The city of St. John's is located at a distance by air of 3,636 kilometres (2,259 mi) from Lorient, France which lies on a nearly precisely identical latitude across the Atlantic on the French western coast. The city is the largest in the province and the second largest in the Atlantic Provinces after Halifax, Nova Scotia. Its downtown area lies to the west and north of St. John's Harbour, and the rest of the city expands from the downtown to the north, south, east and west. | How many km is equal to 2259 miles? | {
"text": [
"3,636"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
948af287f58402aacf05b0a4ec8401ec8a93beb7 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 295 miles (475 km) closer to London, England than it is to Edmonton, Alberta. The city of St. John's is located at a distance by air of 3,636 kilometres (2,259 mi) from Lorient, France which lies on a nearly precisely identical latitude across the Atlantic on the French western coast. The city is the largest in the province and the second largest in the Atlantic Provinces after Halifax, Nova Scotia. Its downtown area lies to the west and north of St. John's Harbour, and the rest of the city expands from the downtown to the north, south, east and west. | What city is not the largest in the Atlantic Province? | {
"text": [
"St. John's"
],
"answer_start": [
361
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5dc705523d2729bbb3eba42d9c6cfd874df32c42 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 295 miles (475 km) closer to London, England than it is to Edmonton, Alberta. The city of St. John's is located at a distance by air of 3,636 kilometres (2,259 mi) from Lorient, France which lies on a nearly precisely identical latitude across the Atlantic on the French western coast. The city is the largest in the province and the second largest in the Atlantic Provinces after Halifax, Nova Scotia. Its downtown area lies to the west and north of St. John's Harbour, and the rest of the city expands from the downtown to the north, south, east and west. | What city is in England? | {
"text": [
"London"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c75c63d4c203cd37230ca1e8394111a75b2106e9 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 295 miles (475 km) closer to London, England than it is to Edmonton, Alberta. The city of St. John's is located at a distance by air of 3,636 kilometres (2,259 mi) from Lorient, France which lies on a nearly precisely identical latitude across the Atlantic on the French western coast. The city is the largest in the province and the second largest in the Atlantic Provinces after Halifax, Nova Scotia. Its downtown area lies to the west and north of St. John's Harbour, and the rest of the city expands from the downtown to the north, south, east and west. | What is further east than St John's? | {
"text": [
"Greenland"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3e7ba28aea78153c08215bea5b7717802550c381 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 295 miles (475 km) closer to London, England than it is to Edmonton, Alberta. The city of St. John's is located at a distance by air of 3,636 kilometres (2,259 mi) from Lorient, France which lies on a nearly precisely identical latitude across the Atlantic on the French western coast. The city is the largest in the province and the second largest in the Atlantic Provinces after Halifax, Nova Scotia. Its downtown area lies to the west and north of St. John's Harbour, and the rest of the city expands from the downtown to the north, south, east and west. | What city is on the coast besides Lorient? | {
"text": [
"St. John's"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d651413876209136815574f469062b1019eb94ab | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 295 miles (475 km) closer to London, England than it is to Edmonton, Alberta. The city of St. John's is located at a distance by air of 3,636 kilometres (2,259 mi) from Lorient, France which lies on a nearly precisely identical latitude across the Atlantic on the French western coast. The city is the largest in the province and the second largest in the Atlantic Provinces after Halifax, Nova Scotia. Its downtown area lies to the west and north of St. John's Harbour, and the rest of the city expands from the downtown to the north, south, east and west. | What city is the second largest in the Atlantic Province? | {
"text": [
"St. John's"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6ef26e0901ab430fbcc37967dea67c2f6737068b | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 295 miles (475 km) closer to London, England than it is to Edmonton, Alberta. The city of St. John's is located at a distance by air of 3,636 kilometres (2,259 mi) from Lorient, France which lies on a nearly precisely identical latitude across the Atlantic on the French western coast. The city is the largest in the province and the second largest in the Atlantic Provinces after Halifax, Nova Scotia. Its downtown area lies to the west and north of St. John's Harbour, and the rest of the city expands from the downtown to the north, south, east and west. | Where is the most easterly city in North America located? | {
"text": [
"Greenland"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
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