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7558b07c7e61943fd3139e6b502284e1b424966c | Incandescent_light_bulb | On 13 December 1904, Hungarian Sándor Just and Croatian Franjo Hanaman were granted a Hungarian patent (No. 34541) for a tungsten filament lamp that lasted longer and gave brighter light than the carbon filament. Tungsten filament lamps were first marketed by the Hungarian company Tungsram in 1904. This type is often called Tungsram-bulbs in many European countries. Filling a bulb with an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen retards the evaporation of the tungsten filament compared to operating it in a vacuum. This allows for greater temperatures and therefore greater efficacy with less reduction in filament life. | What is not inside a tungsten filament lamp? | {
"text": [
"a vacuum"
],
"answer_start": [
505
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e574fc43ee81c2296aa3c2fdcdb85220509647c6 | Incandescent_light_bulb | On 13 December 1904, Hungarian Sándor Just and Croatian Franjo Hanaman were granted a Hungarian patent (No. 34541) for a tungsten filament lamp that lasted longer and gave brighter light than the carbon filament. Tungsten filament lamps were first marketed by the Hungarian company Tungsram in 1904. This type is often called Tungsram-bulbs in many European countries. Filling a bulb with an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen retards the evaporation of the tungsten filament compared to operating it in a vacuum. This allows for greater temperatures and therefore greater efficacy with less reduction in filament life. | what name start with F? | {
"text": [
"Franjo"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a1c5992046b811f7f9acf54af59c124ff1cf3f8a | Incandescent_light_bulb | On 13 December 1904, Hungarian Sándor Just and Croatian Franjo Hanaman were granted a Hungarian patent (No. 34541) for a tungsten filament lamp that lasted longer and gave brighter light than the carbon filament. Tungsten filament lamps were first marketed by the Hungarian company Tungsram in 1904. This type is often called Tungsram-bulbs in many European countries. Filling a bulb with an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen retards the evaporation of the tungsten filament compared to operating it in a vacuum. This allows for greater temperatures and therefore greater efficacy with less reduction in filament life. | What kind of bulbs where being used before the Tungsten filament lamp? | {
"text": [
"carbon filament"
],
"answer_start": [
196
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e772851b2a4be23287935ca35e3422f5fa33c7c2 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments. On 17 January 1882, Latimer received a patent for the "Process of Manufacturing Carbons", an improved method for the production of light bulb filaments, which was purchased by the United States Electric Light Company. Latimer patented other improvements such as a better way of attaching filaments to their wire supports. | Which is not a last name, Edison or Light? | {
"text": [
"Light"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ab4471ca2bdcf299cb1d4d8b18d3a829bd51007a | Incandescent_light_bulb | Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments. On 17 January 1882, Latimer received a patent for the "Process of Manufacturing Carbons", an improved method for the production of light bulb filaments, which was purchased by the United States Electric Light Company. Latimer patented other improvements such as a better way of attaching filaments to their wire supports. | Of the parties that had involvement with light bulb filaments, which one had no part in creating it? | {
"text": [
"the United States Electric Light Company"
],
"answer_start": [
415
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2735867a4d94bbb75765eb8b8b3cbdb4b29523aa | Incandescent_light_bulb | Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments. On 17 January 1882, Latimer received a patent for the "Process of Manufacturing Carbons", an improved method for the production of light bulb filaments, which was purchased by the United States Electric Light Company. Latimer patented other improvements such as a better way of attaching filaments to their wire supports. | Which is not a last name, Latimer or Carbons? | {
"text": [
"Carbons"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d8f1dfd76e2b97a4fd02aaabb795d8192752b81b | Incandescent_light_bulb | Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments. On 17 January 1882, Latimer received a patent for the "Process of Manufacturing Carbons", an improved method for the production of light bulb filaments, which was purchased by the United States Electric Light Company. Latimer patented other improvements such as a better way of attaching filaments to their wire supports. | What is Latimer's last mentioned patent ? | {
"text": [
"attaching filaments to their wire supports"
],
"answer_start": [
517
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
acc07e23a9d1ab03cbdc5581aa3609c6fe5b0b51 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments. On 17 January 1882, Latimer received a patent for the "Process of Manufacturing Carbons", an improved method for the production of light bulb filaments, which was purchased by the United States Electric Light Company. Latimer patented other improvements such as a better way of attaching filaments to their wire supports. | Maxim filaments were NOT an example of what broader category of filament? | {
"text": [
"light bulb"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ada73ca5bd8812b4d87b741d015d3d2dda2c5c63 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments. On 17 January 1882, Latimer received a patent for the "Process of Manufacturing Carbons", an improved method for the production of light bulb filaments, which was purchased by the United States Electric Light Company. Latimer patented other improvements such as a better way of attaching filaments to their wire supports. | Which filament type was the subject of Latimer's later work? | {
"text": [
"light bulb"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
56a5a3cae5aed91d19ade5dd2632bc62de0b8cfe | Incandescent_light_bulb | Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments. On 17 January 1882, Latimer received a patent for the "Process of Manufacturing Carbons", an improved method for the production of light bulb filaments, which was purchased by the United States Electric Light Company. Latimer patented other improvements such as a better way of attaching filaments to their wire supports. | What is the McDonald's sign notorious for? | {
"text": [
"\"M\" shape"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2221163fb3878e8bb5c0f6911e711bec5b8dcba4 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments. On 17 January 1882, Latimer received a patent for the "Process of Manufacturing Carbons", an improved method for the production of light bulb filaments, which was purchased by the United States Electric Light Company. Latimer patented other improvements such as a better way of attaching filaments to their wire supports. | Of those mentioned in the passage, who was the employer? | {
"text": [
"Edison"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
94591a9158fa83bc4ef7aa20333067dcbd139b16 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments. On 17 January 1882, Latimer received a patent for the "Process of Manufacturing Carbons", an improved method for the production of light bulb filaments, which was purchased by the United States Electric Light Company. Latimer patented other improvements such as a better way of attaching filaments to their wire supports. | Which letter is somewhat important to Latimer's work? | {
"text": [
"\"M\""
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2afb57509d45c3bbddff03eef9dd607840c16782 | Incandescent_light_bulb | A very small amount of water vapor inside a light bulb can significantly affect lamp darkening. Water vapor dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen at the hot filament. The oxygen attacks the tungsten metal, and the resulting tungsten oxide particles travel to cooler parts of the lamp. Hydrogen from water vapor reduces the oxide, reforming water vapor and continuing this water cycle. The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps will significantly increase darkening. Small amounts of substances such as zirconium are placed within the lamp as a getter to react with any oxygen that may bake out of the lamp components during operation. | what was the last word in the passage? | {
"text": [
"operation"
],
"answer_start": [
646
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a4e3ab665b9481a4caaca2c8b4130128730ba34e | Incandescent_light_bulb | A very small amount of water vapor inside a light bulb can significantly affect lamp darkening. Water vapor dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen at the hot filament. The oxygen attacks the tungsten metal, and the resulting tungsten oxide particles travel to cooler parts of the lamp. Hydrogen from water vapor reduces the oxide, reforming water vapor and continuing this water cycle. The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps will significantly increase darkening. Small amounts of substances such as zirconium are placed within the lamp as a getter to react with any oxygen that may bake out of the lamp components during operation. | Why is zirconium put into light bulbs? | {
"text": [
"to react with any oxygen that may bake out of the lamp components during operation"
],
"answer_start": [
573
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c6e46404f3daf1ce1815c95585d14eb4b5d52709 | Incandescent_light_bulb | A very small amount of water vapor inside a light bulb can significantly affect lamp darkening. Water vapor dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen at the hot filament. The oxygen attacks the tungsten metal, and the resulting tungsten oxide particles travel to cooler parts of the lamp. Hydrogen from water vapor reduces the oxide, reforming water vapor and continuing this water cycle. The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps will significantly increase darkening. Small amounts of substances such as zirconium are placed within the lamp as a getter to react with any oxygen that may bake out of the lamp components during operation. | vapor is responsible for? | {
"text": [
"lamp darkening"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d6ae1f2db5d200ce819c65341ae391483c6e9ce9 | Incandescent_light_bulb | A very small amount of water vapor inside a light bulb can significantly affect lamp darkening. Water vapor dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen at the hot filament. The oxygen attacks the tungsten metal, and the resulting tungsten oxide particles travel to cooler parts of the lamp. Hydrogen from water vapor reduces the oxide, reforming water vapor and continuing this water cycle. The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps will significantly increase darkening. Small amounts of substances such as zirconium are placed within the lamp as a getter to react with any oxygen that may bake out of the lamp components during operation. | What is the third part of the process that leads to lamp darkening? | {
"text": [
"Hydrogen from water vapor reduces the oxide"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
aba3f2e33f312776f1cb0fc0f42592919dd9afd8 | Incandescent_light_bulb | A very small amount of water vapor inside a light bulb can significantly affect lamp darkening. Water vapor dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen at the hot filament. The oxygen attacks the tungsten metal, and the resulting tungsten oxide particles travel to cooler parts of the lamp. Hydrogen from water vapor reduces the oxide, reforming water vapor and continuing this water cycle. The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps will significantly increase darkening. Small amounts of substances such as zirconium are placed within the lamp as a getter to react with any oxygen that may bake out of the lamp components during operation. | water is gotten from? | {
"text": [
"hydrogen and oxygen"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f6bf402ea70afc563a60cebdc6ae2268bfb7325e | Incandescent_light_bulb | A very small amount of water vapor inside a light bulb can significantly affect lamp darkening. Water vapor dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen at the hot filament. The oxygen attacks the tungsten metal, and the resulting tungsten oxide particles travel to cooler parts of the lamp. Hydrogen from water vapor reduces the oxide, reforming water vapor and continuing this water cycle. The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps will significantly increase darkening. Small amounts of substances such as zirconium are placed within the lamp as a getter to react with any oxygen that may bake out of the lamp components during operation. | Where does water transform inside a light bulb? | {
"text": [
"filament"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4ff25937dda0775ceb6a2b8392aa3d30ddceff83 | Incandescent_light_bulb | A very small amount of water vapor inside a light bulb can significantly affect lamp darkening. Water vapor dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen at the hot filament. The oxygen attacks the tungsten metal, and the resulting tungsten oxide particles travel to cooler parts of the lamp. Hydrogen from water vapor reduces the oxide, reforming water vapor and continuing this water cycle. The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps will significantly increase darkening. Small amounts of substances such as zirconium are placed within the lamp as a getter to react with any oxygen that may bake out of the lamp components during operation. | What process does gaseous water go through at the site of the heated filament of a bulb? | {
"text": [
"dissociates"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
363c4701d8e6a3de90541b82468814fcdcad20ab | Incandescent_light_bulb | A very small amount of water vapor inside a light bulb can significantly affect lamp darkening. Water vapor dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen at the hot filament. The oxygen attacks the tungsten metal, and the resulting tungsten oxide particles travel to cooler parts of the lamp. Hydrogen from water vapor reduces the oxide, reforming water vapor and continuing this water cycle. The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps will significantly increase darkening. Small amounts of substances such as zirconium are placed within the lamp as a getter to react with any oxygen that may bake out of the lamp components during operation. | What is the name of the process by which gaseous water turns into oxygen and hydrogen? | {
"text": [
"dissociates"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f8e71dfe8d0e62a36c8fa237723072d15b59d9e9 | Incandescent_light_bulb | A very small amount of water vapor inside a light bulb can significantly affect lamp darkening. Water vapor dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen at the hot filament. The oxygen attacks the tungsten metal, and the resulting tungsten oxide particles travel to cooler parts of the lamp. Hydrogen from water vapor reduces the oxide, reforming water vapor and continuing this water cycle. The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps will significantly increase darkening. Small amounts of substances such as zirconium are placed within the lamp as a getter to react with any oxygen that may bake out of the lamp components during operation. | What is produced when oxygen undergoes a reaction with tungsten? | {
"text": [
"tungsten oxide"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6ab8b6d1015cb4338986f49092c0a521c13079bd | Incandescent_light_bulb | A very small amount of water vapor inside a light bulb can significantly affect lamp darkening. Water vapor dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen at the hot filament. The oxygen attacks the tungsten metal, and the resulting tungsten oxide particles travel to cooler parts of the lamp. Hydrogen from water vapor reduces the oxide, reforming water vapor and continuing this water cycle. The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps will significantly increase darkening. Small amounts of substances such as zirconium are placed within the lamp as a getter to react with any oxygen that may bake out of the lamp components during operation. | What happens to water in a light bulb? | {
"text": [
"dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
383c34569ae1534e392cd09c0385ec3493826ad1 | Incandescent_light_bulb | A very small amount of water vapor inside a light bulb can significantly affect lamp darkening. Water vapor dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen at the hot filament. The oxygen attacks the tungsten metal, and the resulting tungsten oxide particles travel to cooler parts of the lamp. Hydrogen from water vapor reduces the oxide, reforming water vapor and continuing this water cycle. The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps will significantly increase darkening. Small amounts of substances such as zirconium are placed within the lamp as a getter to react with any oxygen that may bake out of the lamp components during operation. | How much water does it take to affect lamp darkening? | {
"text": [
"a drop"
],
"answer_start": [
402
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f7412511c355436abd57675197997dc13ed2794b | Incandescent_light_bulb | A very small amount of water vapor inside a light bulb can significantly affect lamp darkening. Water vapor dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen at the hot filament. The oxygen attacks the tungsten metal, and the resulting tungsten oxide particles travel to cooler parts of the lamp. Hydrogen from water vapor reduces the oxide, reforming water vapor and continuing this water cycle. The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps will significantly increase darkening. Small amounts of substances such as zirconium are placed within the lamp as a getter to react with any oxygen that may bake out of the lamp components during operation. | what is been discussed? | {
"text": [
"water vapor"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9d6c90d8ebe47ace44e08e4f2d41da7fd1b2967e | Incandescent_light_bulb | Most light bulbs have either clear or coated glass. The coated glass bulbs have a white powdery substance on the inside called kaolin. Kaolin, or kaolinite, is a white, chalky clay in a very fine powder form, that is blown in and electrostatically deposited on the interior of the bulb. It diffuses the light emitted from the filament, producing a more gentle and evenly distributed light. Manufacturers may add pigments to the kaolin to adjust the characteristics of the final light emitted from the bulb. Kaolin diffused bulbs are used extensively in interior lighting because of their comparatively gentle light. Other kinds of colored bulbs are also made, including the various colors used for "party bulbs", Christmas tree lights and other decorative lighting. These are created by coloring the glass with a dopant; which is often a metal like cobalt (blue) or chromium (green). Neodymium-containing glass is sometimes used to provide a more natural-appearing light. | How does the kaolin cling to the glass? | {
"text": [
"electrostatically"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e3fe12caec0023a88c802d67233e89f273e1f5f4 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Most light bulbs have either clear or coated glass. The coated glass bulbs have a white powdery substance on the inside called kaolin. Kaolin, or kaolinite, is a white, chalky clay in a very fine powder form, that is blown in and electrostatically deposited on the interior of the bulb. It diffuses the light emitted from the filament, producing a more gentle and evenly distributed light. Manufacturers may add pigments to the kaolin to adjust the characteristics of the final light emitted from the bulb. Kaolin diffused bulbs are used extensively in interior lighting because of their comparatively gentle light. Other kinds of colored bulbs are also made, including the various colors used for "party bulbs", Christmas tree lights and other decorative lighting. These are created by coloring the glass with a dopant; which is often a metal like cobalt (blue) or chromium (green). Neodymium-containing glass is sometimes used to provide a more natural-appearing light. | How do you add color to bulbs? | {
"text": [
"pigments"
],
"answer_start": [
412
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
07b23eebb17190e80b68782485d5f756346133bb | Incandescent_light_bulb | Most light bulbs have either clear or coated glass. The coated glass bulbs have a white powdery substance on the inside called kaolin. Kaolin, or kaolinite, is a white, chalky clay in a very fine powder form, that is blown in and electrostatically deposited on the interior of the bulb. It diffuses the light emitted from the filament, producing a more gentle and evenly distributed light. Manufacturers may add pigments to the kaolin to adjust the characteristics of the final light emitted from the bulb. Kaolin diffused bulbs are used extensively in interior lighting because of their comparatively gentle light. Other kinds of colored bulbs are also made, including the various colors used for "party bulbs", Christmas tree lights and other decorative lighting. These are created by coloring the glass with a dopant; which is often a metal like cobalt (blue) or chromium (green). Neodymium-containing glass is sometimes used to provide a more natural-appearing light. | What the coating on coated glass bulbs made of? | {
"text": [
"kaolin"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
31a4c38bf67a7c044d758a4d37aea564b8cdd4e6 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Most light bulbs have either clear or coated glass. The coated glass bulbs have a white powdery substance on the inside called kaolin. Kaolin, or kaolinite, is a white, chalky clay in a very fine powder form, that is blown in and electrostatically deposited on the interior of the bulb. It diffuses the light emitted from the filament, producing a more gentle and evenly distributed light. Manufacturers may add pigments to the kaolin to adjust the characteristics of the final light emitted from the bulb. Kaolin diffused bulbs are used extensively in interior lighting because of their comparatively gentle light. Other kinds of colored bulbs are also made, including the various colors used for "party bulbs", Christmas tree lights and other decorative lighting. These are created by coloring the glass with a dopant; which is often a metal like cobalt (blue) or chromium (green). Neodymium-containing glass is sometimes used to provide a more natural-appearing light. | What is the alternate name of the substance that is used to mellow the harsh light emitted from a bulb? | {
"text": [
"kaolinite"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b28096870acbd885536a6890896e75c3055f97f5 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Most light bulbs have either clear or coated glass. The coated glass bulbs have a white powdery substance on the inside called kaolin. Kaolin, or kaolinite, is a white, chalky clay in a very fine powder form, that is blown in and electrostatically deposited on the interior of the bulb. It diffuses the light emitted from the filament, producing a more gentle and evenly distributed light. Manufacturers may add pigments to the kaolin to adjust the characteristics of the final light emitted from the bulb. Kaolin diffused bulbs are used extensively in interior lighting because of their comparatively gentle light. Other kinds of colored bulbs are also made, including the various colors used for "party bulbs", Christmas tree lights and other decorative lighting. These are created by coloring the glass with a dopant; which is often a metal like cobalt (blue) or chromium (green). Neodymium-containing glass is sometimes used to provide a more natural-appearing light. | The texture of kaolin is described as what? | {
"text": [
"chalky"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
cf3acd654963f22dc8f09a99bf1d13e54844a2f2 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Most light bulbs have either clear or coated glass. The coated glass bulbs have a white powdery substance on the inside called kaolin. Kaolin, or kaolinite, is a white, chalky clay in a very fine powder form, that is blown in and electrostatically deposited on the interior of the bulb. It diffuses the light emitted from the filament, producing a more gentle and evenly distributed light. Manufacturers may add pigments to the kaolin to adjust the characteristics of the final light emitted from the bulb. Kaolin diffused bulbs are used extensively in interior lighting because of their comparatively gentle light. Other kinds of colored bulbs are also made, including the various colors used for "party bulbs", Christmas tree lights and other decorative lighting. These are created by coloring the glass with a dopant; which is often a metal like cobalt (blue) or chromium (green). Neodymium-containing glass is sometimes used to provide a more natural-appearing light. | What natural material is kaolin a form of? | {
"text": [
"clay"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
482977ef96dd4da6a58b8d76d5d125f2ffc6983e | Incandescent_light_bulb | Most light bulbs have either clear or coated glass. The coated glass bulbs have a white powdery substance on the inside called kaolin. Kaolin, or kaolinite, is a white, chalky clay in a very fine powder form, that is blown in and electrostatically deposited on the interior of the bulb. It diffuses the light emitted from the filament, producing a more gentle and evenly distributed light. Manufacturers may add pigments to the kaolin to adjust the characteristics of the final light emitted from the bulb. Kaolin diffused bulbs are used extensively in interior lighting because of their comparatively gentle light. Other kinds of colored bulbs are also made, including the various colors used for "party bulbs", Christmas tree lights and other decorative lighting. These are created by coloring the glass with a dopant; which is often a metal like cobalt (blue) or chromium (green). Neodymium-containing glass is sometimes used to provide a more natural-appearing light. | In what environment are the coated bulbs most popular? | {
"text": [
"interior"
],
"answer_start": [
553
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f9c4fbd54aadf5b5285daffebcb00f0b3568a760 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Most light bulbs have either clear or coated glass. The coated glass bulbs have a white powdery substance on the inside called kaolin. Kaolin, or kaolinite, is a white, chalky clay in a very fine powder form, that is blown in and electrostatically deposited on the interior of the bulb. It diffuses the light emitted from the filament, producing a more gentle and evenly distributed light. Manufacturers may add pigments to the kaolin to adjust the characteristics of the final light emitted from the bulb. Kaolin diffused bulbs are used extensively in interior lighting because of their comparatively gentle light. Other kinds of colored bulbs are also made, including the various colors used for "party bulbs", Christmas tree lights and other decorative lighting. These are created by coloring the glass with a dopant; which is often a metal like cobalt (blue) or chromium (green). Neodymium-containing glass is sometimes used to provide a more natural-appearing light. | What are popular festive colored light bulbs used for? | {
"text": [
"Christmas"
],
"answer_start": [
713
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a807f2280a23f725dc42bf3a51566c1641af0ed7 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Objections to banning the use of incandescent light bulbs include the higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps. Some people have concerns about the health effects of fluorescent lamps. However, even though they contain mercury, the environmental performance of CFLs is much better than that of light bulbs, mostly because they consume much less energy and therefore strongly reduce the environmental impact of power production. LED lamps are even more efficient, and are free of mercury. They are regarded as the best solution in terms of cost effectiveness and robustness. | Which has the least initial expense, fluorescent lamps or incandescent light bulbs, or LED lamps? | {
"text": [
"incandescent light bulbs"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d0d322664c1ea236c852914500ec1361a57cddf0 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Objections to banning the use of incandescent light bulbs include the higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps. Some people have concerns about the health effects of fluorescent lamps. However, even though they contain mercury, the environmental performance of CFLs is much better than that of light bulbs, mostly because they consume much less energy and therefore strongly reduce the environmental impact of power production. LED lamps are even more efficient, and are free of mercury. They are regarded as the best solution in terms of cost effectiveness and robustness. | What does CFLs refer to? | {
"text": [
"fluorescent lamps"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3fd3d600e473b6756c494341c99787754dcb2b4f | Incandescent_light_bulb | Objections to banning the use of incandescent light bulbs include the higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps. Some people have concerns about the health effects of fluorescent lamps. However, even though they contain mercury, the environmental performance of CFLs is much better than that of light bulbs, mostly because they consume much less energy and therefore strongly reduce the environmental impact of power production. LED lamps are even more efficient, and are free of mercury. They are regarded as the best solution in terms of cost effectiveness and robustness. | Which has a better quality of light, incandescent light bulbs or fluorescent lamps? | {
"text": [
"incandescent light bulbs"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2a180711d0d74068da7480133c7ce5c2fca1bd9d | Incandescent_light_bulb | Objections to banning the use of incandescent light bulbs include the higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps. Some people have concerns about the health effects of fluorescent lamps. However, even though they contain mercury, the environmental performance of CFLs is much better than that of light bulbs, mostly because they consume much less energy and therefore strongly reduce the environmental impact of power production. LED lamps are even more efficient, and are free of mercury. They are regarded as the best solution in terms of cost effectiveness and robustness. | What are the negative health effects of CFLs? | {
"text": [
"they contain mercury"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1adbaf285a29b1b50ed928e7afbc37210ca181d5 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Objections to banning the use of incandescent light bulbs include the higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps. Some people have concerns about the health effects of fluorescent lamps. However, even though they contain mercury, the environmental performance of CFLs is much better than that of light bulbs, mostly because they consume much less energy and therefore strongly reduce the environmental impact of power production. LED lamps are even more efficient, and are free of mercury. They are regarded as the best solution in terms of cost effectiveness and robustness. | Incandescent light bulbs are criticized over? | {
"text": [
"environmental impact"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c6bfe5fa828dfa99c3825a09003ed34fc7164419 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Objections to banning the use of incandescent light bulbs include the higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps. Some people have concerns about the health effects of fluorescent lamps. However, even though they contain mercury, the environmental performance of CFLs is much better than that of light bulbs, mostly because they consume much less energy and therefore strongly reduce the environmental impact of power production. LED lamps are even more efficient, and are free of mercury. They are regarded as the best solution in terms of cost effectiveness and robustness. | LED lamps can't be criticized for having negative impacts on? | {
"text": [
"health"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3f63be91c402676326ee2abf15a41e65517c0959 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Objections to banning the use of incandescent light bulbs include the higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps. Some people have concerns about the health effects of fluorescent lamps. However, even though they contain mercury, the environmental performance of CFLs is much better than that of light bulbs, mostly because they consume much less energy and therefore strongly reduce the environmental impact of power production. LED lamps are even more efficient, and are free of mercury. They are regarded as the best solution in terms of cost effectiveness and robustness. | Most modern cars are likely to use what kind of light bulb for the safety of its passengers? | {
"text": [
"LED"
],
"answer_start": [
471
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
944ff20aaa6aa88d763b316c63deb57faf035d67 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Objections to banning the use of incandescent light bulbs include the higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps. Some people have concerns about the health effects of fluorescent lamps. However, even though they contain mercury, the environmental performance of CFLs is much better than that of light bulbs, mostly because they consume much less energy and therefore strongly reduce the environmental impact of power production. LED lamps are even more efficient, and are free of mercury. They are regarded as the best solution in terms of cost effectiveness and robustness. | A lamp with a wire filament that glows visably due being heated via electricity is said to be? | {
"text": [
"incandescent"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f2047e5c8786a7ef574cf07ca47b378fa0fd8997 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Objections to banning the use of incandescent light bulbs include the higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps. Some people have concerns about the health effects of fluorescent lamps. However, even though they contain mercury, the environmental performance of CFLs is much better than that of light bulbs, mostly because they consume much less energy and therefore strongly reduce the environmental impact of power production. LED lamps are even more efficient, and are free of mercury. They are regarded as the best solution in terms of cost effectiveness and robustness. | Which type of lighting saves the more energy, incandescent or fluorescent? | {
"text": [
"fluorescent"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
bc899a55b45096e96be3b180ae7e4ac370489e09 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Objections to banning the use of incandescent light bulbs include the higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps. Some people have concerns about the health effects of fluorescent lamps. However, even though they contain mercury, the environmental performance of CFLs is much better than that of light bulbs, mostly because they consume much less energy and therefore strongly reduce the environmental impact of power production. LED lamps are even more efficient, and are free of mercury. They are regarded as the best solution in terms of cost effectiveness and robustness. | CFLs produce illumination of a? | {
"text": [
"lower quality"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
eac2b719d3a055e7689ace4fecc966235e0a13f3 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Objections to banning the use of incandescent light bulbs include the higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps. Some people have concerns about the health effects of fluorescent lamps. However, even though they contain mercury, the environmental performance of CFLs is much better than that of light bulbs, mostly because they consume much less energy and therefore strongly reduce the environmental impact of power production. LED lamps are even more efficient, and are free of mercury. They are regarded as the best solution in terms of cost effectiveness and robustness. | Which types of light bulbs contain an element that is also called quicksilver? | {
"text": [
"fluorescent"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b4b9d116febd89fb70ef8424157535dc6305ae5f | Incandescent_light_bulb | Objections to banning the use of incandescent light bulbs include the higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps. Some people have concerns about the health effects of fluorescent lamps. However, even though they contain mercury, the environmental performance of CFLs is much better than that of light bulbs, mostly because they consume much less energy and therefore strongly reduce the environmental impact of power production. LED lamps are even more efficient, and are free of mercury. They are regarded as the best solution in terms of cost effectiveness and robustness. | A light emitting diode has the acronym? | {
"text": [
"LED"
],
"answer_start": [
471
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
cd340d3d8371f562f47f00d9a3372eef6ebbf4f6 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Objections to banning the use of incandescent light bulbs include the higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps. Some people have concerns about the health effects of fluorescent lamps. However, even though they contain mercury, the environmental performance of CFLs is much better than that of light bulbs, mostly because they consume much less energy and therefore strongly reduce the environmental impact of power production. LED lamps are even more efficient, and are free of mercury. They are regarded as the best solution in terms of cost effectiveness and robustness. | A light bulb that does uses fluorescence to produce visible light is called? | {
"text": [
"fluorescent"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
bd8085390adf36bf96faf97a2804b37b260fb15a | Incandescent_light_bulb | Very small lamps may have the filament support wires extended through the base of the lamp, and can be directly soldered to a printed circuit board for connections. Some reflector-type lamps include screw terminals for connection of wires. Most lamps have metal bases that fit in a socket to support the lamp and conduct current to the filament wires. In the late 19th century, manufacturers introduced a multitude of incompatible lamp bases. General Electric introduced standard base sizes for tungsten incandescent lamps under the Mazda trademark in 1909. This standard was soon adopted across the US, and the Mazda name was used by many manufacturers under license through 1945. Today most incandescent lamps for general lighting service use an Edison screw in candelabra, intermediate, or standard or mogul sizes, or double contact bayonet base. Technical standards for lamp bases include ANSI standard C81.67 and IEC standard 60061-1 for common commercial lamp sizes, to ensure interchangeablitity between different manufacturer's products. Bayonet base lamps are frequently used in automotive lamps to resist loosening due to vibration. A bipin base is often used for halogen or reflector lamps. | How do we know that General Electric's model was a good idea? | {
"text": [
"This standard was soon adopted across the US, and the Mazda name was used by many manufacturers under license through 1945"
],
"answer_start": [
558
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b39fe06eb3b472b0333e3c30f5f7bfe2bcd664b8 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Very small lamps may have the filament support wires extended through the base of the lamp, and can be directly soldered to a printed circuit board for connections. Some reflector-type lamps include screw terminals for connection of wires. Most lamps have metal bases that fit in a socket to support the lamp and conduct current to the filament wires. In the late 19th century, manufacturers introduced a multitude of incompatible lamp bases. General Electric introduced standard base sizes for tungsten incandescent lamps under the Mazda trademark in 1909. This standard was soon adopted across the US, and the Mazda name was used by many manufacturers under license through 1945. Today most incandescent lamps for general lighting service use an Edison screw in candelabra, intermediate, or standard or mogul sizes, or double contact bayonet base. Technical standards for lamp bases include ANSI standard C81.67 and IEC standard 60061-1 for common commercial lamp sizes, to ensure interchangeablitity between different manufacturer's products. Bayonet base lamps are frequently used in automotive lamps to resist loosening due to vibration. A bipin base is often used for halogen or reflector lamps. | What should I not be surprised to find in a lamp? | {
"text": [
"metal bases that fit in a socket to support the lamp and conduct current to the filament wires"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
584e640b8a282b17bf2a4639b055b47bdb17c683 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Very small lamps may have the filament support wires extended through the base of the lamp, and can be directly soldered to a printed circuit board for connections. Some reflector-type lamps include screw terminals for connection of wires. Most lamps have metal bases that fit in a socket to support the lamp and conduct current to the filament wires. In the late 19th century, manufacturers introduced a multitude of incompatible lamp bases. General Electric introduced standard base sizes for tungsten incandescent lamps under the Mazda trademark in 1909. This standard was soon adopted across the US, and the Mazda name was used by many manufacturers under license through 1945. Today most incandescent lamps for general lighting service use an Edison screw in candelabra, intermediate, or standard or mogul sizes, or double contact bayonet base. Technical standards for lamp bases include ANSI standard C81.67 and IEC standard 60061-1 for common commercial lamp sizes, to ensure interchangeablitity between different manufacturer's products. Bayonet base lamps are frequently used in automotive lamps to resist loosening due to vibration. A bipin base is often used for halogen or reflector lamps. | Why shouldn't I be thrown off to find a lamp with a metal base that fits in a socket to support the lamp and conduct current to the filament wires? | {
"text": [
"Most lamps have metal bases that fit in a socket to support the lamp and conduct current to the filament wires"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c6285ec177e108e9a7ff70281f172ad8bb8aeefa | Incandescent_light_bulb | Very small lamps may have the filament support wires extended through the base of the lamp, and can be directly soldered to a printed circuit board for connections. Some reflector-type lamps include screw terminals for connection of wires. Most lamps have metal bases that fit in a socket to support the lamp and conduct current to the filament wires. In the late 19th century, manufacturers introduced a multitude of incompatible lamp bases. General Electric introduced standard base sizes for tungsten incandescent lamps under the Mazda trademark in 1909. This standard was soon adopted across the US, and the Mazda name was used by many manufacturers under license through 1945. Today most incandescent lamps for general lighting service use an Edison screw in candelabra, intermediate, or standard or mogul sizes, or double contact bayonet base. Technical standards for lamp bases include ANSI standard C81.67 and IEC standard 60061-1 for common commercial lamp sizes, to ensure interchangeablitity between different manufacturer's products. Bayonet base lamps are frequently used in automotive lamps to resist loosening due to vibration. A bipin base is often used for halogen or reflector lamps. | What material is used to conduct currents? | {
"text": [
"metal"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
25532a78d5f20aed50c9e3a082a5f315a977ec46 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Very small lamps may have the filament support wires extended through the base of the lamp, and can be directly soldered to a printed circuit board for connections. Some reflector-type lamps include screw terminals for connection of wires. Most lamps have metal bases that fit in a socket to support the lamp and conduct current to the filament wires. In the late 19th century, manufacturers introduced a multitude of incompatible lamp bases. General Electric introduced standard base sizes for tungsten incandescent lamps under the Mazda trademark in 1909. This standard was soon adopted across the US, and the Mazda name was used by many manufacturers under license through 1945. Today most incandescent lamps for general lighting service use an Edison screw in candelabra, intermediate, or standard or mogul sizes, or double contact bayonet base. Technical standards for lamp bases include ANSI standard C81.67 and IEC standard 60061-1 for common commercial lamp sizes, to ensure interchangeablitity between different manufacturer's products. Bayonet base lamps are frequently used in automotive lamps to resist loosening due to vibration. A bipin base is often used for halogen or reflector lamps. | What product benefits from bayonet base lamps? | {
"text": [
"automotive lamps"
],
"answer_start": [
1088
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
44a9754315e6316129106477291e06e220d5bd17 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Very small lamps may have the filament support wires extended through the base of the lamp, and can be directly soldered to a printed circuit board for connections. Some reflector-type lamps include screw terminals for connection of wires. Most lamps have metal bases that fit in a socket to support the lamp and conduct current to the filament wires. In the late 19th century, manufacturers introduced a multitude of incompatible lamp bases. General Electric introduced standard base sizes for tungsten incandescent lamps under the Mazda trademark in 1909. This standard was soon adopted across the US, and the Mazda name was used by many manufacturers under license through 1945. Today most incandescent lamps for general lighting service use an Edison screw in candelabra, intermediate, or standard or mogul sizes, or double contact bayonet base. Technical standards for lamp bases include ANSI standard C81.67 and IEC standard 60061-1 for common commercial lamp sizes, to ensure interchangeablitity between different manufacturer's products. Bayonet base lamps are frequently used in automotive lamps to resist loosening due to vibration. A bipin base is often used for halogen or reflector lamps. | What well-known company was responsible for trademarking bases? | {
"text": [
"General Electric"
],
"answer_start": [
443
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
76f16f622b6bf29d60a163eff303ce0084cbab4e | Incandescent_light_bulb | Very small lamps may have the filament support wires extended through the base of the lamp, and can be directly soldered to a printed circuit board for connections. Some reflector-type lamps include screw terminals for connection of wires. Most lamps have metal bases that fit in a socket to support the lamp and conduct current to the filament wires. In the late 19th century, manufacturers introduced a multitude of incompatible lamp bases. General Electric introduced standard base sizes for tungsten incandescent lamps under the Mazda trademark in 1909. This standard was soon adopted across the US, and the Mazda name was used by many manufacturers under license through 1945. Today most incandescent lamps for general lighting service use an Edison screw in candelabra, intermediate, or standard or mogul sizes, or double contact bayonet base. Technical standards for lamp bases include ANSI standard C81.67 and IEC standard 60061-1 for common commercial lamp sizes, to ensure interchangeablitity between different manufacturer's products. Bayonet base lamps are frequently used in automotive lamps to resist loosening due to vibration. A bipin base is often used for halogen or reflector lamps. | What shouldn't throw me off to find in a lamp? | {
"text": [
"metal bases that fit in a socket to support the lamp and conduct current to the filament wires"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e5c48d1e3bb074d467b5543b7ec56626dd6db2f2 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Incandescent bulbs have been replaced in many applications by other types of electric light, such as fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL), high-intensity discharge lamps, and light-emitting diode lamps (LED). Some jurisdictions, such as the European Union, China, Canada and United States, are in the process of phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs while others, including Colombia, Mexico, Cuba, Argentina, Brazil and Australia, have prohibited them already. | Mention one jurisdiction that has not prohibited incandescent light bulbs. | {
"text": [
"Canada"
],
"answer_start": [
317
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2225e72ccb4fac8f4894b98ac6e16c42713c20ed | Incandescent_light_bulb | Incandescent bulbs have been replaced in many applications by other types of electric light, such as fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL), high-intensity discharge lamps, and light-emitting diode lamps (LED). Some jurisdictions, such as the European Union, China, Canada and United States, are in the process of phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs while others, including Colombia, Mexico, Cuba, Argentina, Brazil and Australia, have prohibited them already. | What's disallowed in Australia? | {
"text": [
"incandescent light bulbs"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
32531ddca3c4ed885268f5488ccb1f04b868f7c2 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Incandescent bulbs have been replaced in many applications by other types of electric light, such as fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL), high-intensity discharge lamps, and light-emitting diode lamps (LED). Some jurisdictions, such as the European Union, China, Canada and United States, are in the process of phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs while others, including Colombia, Mexico, Cuba, Argentina, Brazil and Australia, have prohibited them already. | From all the countries mentioned, which one is also the name of a continent? | {
"text": [
"Australia"
],
"answer_start": [
483
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
62e1e935736b21bb139779da604feab261d22b79 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Incandescent bulbs have been replaced in many applications by other types of electric light, such as fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL), high-intensity discharge lamps, and light-emitting diode lamps (LED). Some jurisdictions, such as the European Union, China, Canada and United States, are in the process of phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs while others, including Colombia, Mexico, Cuba, Argentina, Brazil and Australia, have prohibited them already. | From all the jurisdictions mentioned, which one is not a country? | {
"text": [
"European Union"
],
"answer_start": [
294
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8a49d1c677a0308e26d88fea66f04769d6783a49 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Incandescent bulbs have been replaced in many applications by other types of electric light, such as fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL), high-intensity discharge lamps, and light-emitting diode lamps (LED). Some jurisdictions, such as the European Union, China, Canada and United States, are in the process of phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs while others, including Colombia, Mexico, Cuba, Argentina, Brazil and Australia, have prohibited them already. | Mention one jurisdiction that is not in the process of phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs. | {
"text": [
"Colombia"
],
"answer_start": [
437
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e2fb7dc3d627a2c59609dff6c86bf2f7a3250a01 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Incandescent bulbs have been replaced in many applications by other types of electric light, such as fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL), high-intensity discharge lamps, and light-emitting diode lamps (LED). Some jurisdictions, such as the European Union, China, Canada and United States, are in the process of phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs while others, including Colombia, Mexico, Cuba, Argentina, Brazil and Australia, have prohibited them already. | Incandescent bulbs have become obsolete in many countries, and indeed in a few others they have been banned altogether. With this stated, what is their successor? | {
"text": [
"other types of electric light, such as fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL), high-intensity discharge lamps, and light-emitting diode lamps (LED)"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
80e2ba5db97017571c192d45f827b79f42426134 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Incandescent bulbs have been replaced in many applications by other types of electric light, such as fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL), high-intensity discharge lamps, and light-emitting diode lamps (LED). Some jurisdictions, such as the European Union, China, Canada and United States, are in the process of phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs while others, including Colombia, Mexico, Cuba, Argentina, Brazil and Australia, have prohibited them already. | Which lamps, from the ones mentioned, do not have an initialism? | {
"text": [
"high-intensity discharge lamps"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
569d27ad02c7f2192088e3fbdfec74921def4757 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Incandescent bulbs have been replaced in many applications by other types of electric light, such as fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL), high-intensity discharge lamps, and light-emitting diode lamps (LED). Some jurisdictions, such as the European Union, China, Canada and United States, are in the process of phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs while others, including Colombia, Mexico, Cuba, Argentina, Brazil and Australia, have prohibited them already. | While some nations have prohibited the use of incandescent light bulbs, others have thus far not done so completely. What are three countries that have yet to do so? | {
"text": [
"China, Canada and United States"
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a3a83a5ca392e8fbfd1758761e7bee4718e3dd49 | Association_football | There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles. Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup. Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides. The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level. In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team. A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament. | What's different between the men's and women's tournament? | {
"text": [
"age restrictions"
],
"answer_start": [
713
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d4a5c33283b1e8eb8310691894ba45e5573bd0ce | Association_football | There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles. Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup. Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides. The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level. In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team. A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament. | During which season is Olympic soccer played? | {
"text": [
"Summer"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
cbb7099bccae89bf312dd9dea790d5964347788c | Association_football | There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles. Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup. Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides. The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level. In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team. A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament. | What kinds of players were eligible for the earliest Olympic football tournaments? | {
"text": [
"amateurs"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d38b883f5541873b80ac007366dade89dad823fb | Association_football | There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles. Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup. Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides. The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level. In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team. A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament. | In general, you need to be younger than what as a man to compete in soccer at the Olympics? | {
"text": [
"23"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
03c7eee3fcf28bddfb19a26da4711e4978a27616 | Association_football | There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles. Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup. Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides. The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level. In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team. A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament. | Were professional players allowed to play initially and, if not, who was allowed? | {
"text": [
"Originally, the event was for amateurs only"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
443ca37aaab3dd60d01b764adbf5b7765ca68d78 | Association_football | There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles. Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup. Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides. The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level. In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team. A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament. | What stops countries from choosing all their best professional players? | {
"text": [
"certain restrictions"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a22c215a15235fe523b4d6d33645627c92079735 | Association_football | There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles. Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup. Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides. The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level. In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team. A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament. | When was the amateur status for football players changed | {
"text": [
"1984"
],
"answer_start": [
304
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
541ef0c5a3fedbfe91b32d98c35299793236aaa4 | Association_football | There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles. Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup. Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides. The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level. In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team. A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament. | For which gender do you generally have to be younger than a certain age to compete in soccer at the Olympics? | {
"text": [
"men"
],
"answer_start": [
667
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
38d711f1a9f00783c084e1e19c16fa3cefb70ca8 | Association_football | There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles. Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup. Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides. The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level. In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team. A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament. | When did the group of people allowed to play football in the Olympics no matter how old they are first get to start competing in the Olympics? | {
"text": [
"1996"
],
"answer_start": [
642
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
836b76828e407e65bf1833793288c62d9ca7de31 | Association_football | There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles. Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup. Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides. The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level. In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team. A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament. | In what year were professional women football players allowed to play in the Olympic games? | {
"text": [
"1996"
],
"answer_start": [
642
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b77b9965ec69426ba7ccfaee9f2ede90ad6a8f46 | Association_football | There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles. Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup. Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides. The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level. In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team. A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament. | Which Olympic football tournament has an age limit? | {
"text": [
"The Olympic men's tournament"
],
"answer_start": [
462
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
68f33eaad2fe479f716767e0de773a1c4dc48c27 | Association_football | There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles. Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup. Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides. The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level. In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team. A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament. | When was football added to the Summer Olympics schedule | {
"text": [
"1900"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
89f0143975533ff5876cb6042f8d3068d174f042 | Association_football | There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles. Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup. Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides. The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level. In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team. A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament. | In what year was football not featured during the Summer Olympics? | {
"text": [
"1932"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4ac395b24f9bfc6933a5cfafa00074d685caa28a | Association_football | There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles. Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup. Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides. The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level. In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team. A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament. | In what year was a football tournament added to the Olympics? | {
"text": [
"1900"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0ba3eddb180285fa02ef813febb815a184bed176 | Association_football | There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles. Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup. Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides. The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level. In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team. A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament. | What is now considered to be the highest status event for professional football players? | {
"text": [
"World Cup"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
51726f0a261384ba9e73c4bfb7e2be58b6b9400d | Association_football | There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles. Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup. Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides. The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level. In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team. A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament. | How does the olympic committee prevent countries from bringing in their strongest football players | {
"text": [
"certain restrictions"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5807e6680dd457942422594240859ad088e95db4 | Association_football | There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles. Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup. Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides. The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level. In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team. A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament. | What is one relaxation of the age rules for olympic men's football | {
"text": [
"restricted number of over-age players per team"
],
"answer_start": [
560
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2cb6e46926398b7c649777c23737a4ac12024da1 | Association_football | There has been a football tournament at every Summer Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles. Before the inception of the World Cup, the Olympics (especially during the 1920s) had the same status as the World Cup. Originally, the event was for amateurs only; however, since the 1984 Summer Olympics, professional players have been permitted, albeit with certain restrictions which prevent countries from fielding their strongest sides. The Olympic men's tournament is played at Under-23 level. In the past the Olympics have allowed a restricted number of over-age players per team. A women's tournament was added in 1996; in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament. | What age restrictions exist to limit women's football participation at the olympics | {
"text": [
"full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament"
],
"answer_start": [
680
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
debdf31e24eea6e0788f350700405dbeeb7ef7b0 | Association_football | After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup. | what is the second to last group of countries mentioned? | {
"text": [
"Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
920
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2df44b14e6e823d139fc4dbf4ebc086f0e2f8201 | Association_football | After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup. | what is the first contest mentioned? | {
"text": [
"World Cup"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2ccfec08faf7bc48933c539d500d2933dd8d830c | Association_football | After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup. | How are countries invited to the World Cup? | {
"text": [
"continental competition"
],
"answer_start": [
991
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
fef8ea2ada577b4464eb9c58cbd5e13d1be18285 | Association_football | After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup. | what is the last athletic organization mentioned? | {
"text": [
"FIFA"
],
"answer_start": [
1027
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3c483f83f369b796d8b7614297e19dde389adb92 | Association_football | After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup. | What is the shortened form of the African Cup? | {
"text": [
"CAF"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
45449cb1eace0f252581636d4cdc0437dd9b14e7 | Association_football | After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup. | After the continential championships what happens? | {
"text": [
"FIFA Confederations Cup"
],
"answer_start": [
395
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d4cc4b3a68c51f9825bc341a8c13eab1910bc546 | Association_football | After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup. | Who plays in the continental championships? | {
"text": [
"national teams"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1ac2603418d03d22fa7644cfd0672021ffbfa8ad | Association_football | After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup. | what contest is mentioned second to last? | {
"text": [
"Copa Libertadores"
],
"answer_start": [
935
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4fefc0d98e347f906d80d381214bc16a635c8686 | Association_football | After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup. | What national team competition is played in Europe? | {
"text": [
"European Championship (UEFA)"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
70db4f1831f08b96ea626b241d7cdf9eafabbd7a | Association_football | After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup. | Which competition is more esteemed, OFC or the World Cup? | {
"text": [
"World Cup"
],
"answer_start": [
706
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b4d8191d667859f23f282f48985c6c1e8b132d70 | Association_football | After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup. | Which championship is more significant, the OFC or the World Cup? | {
"text": [
"World Cup"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f04084d58dd80d0057d96b931345289e80d06a66 | Association_football | After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup. | What competition follows the continental championships? | {
"text": [
"The FIFA Confederations Cup"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
24f151d754b4d89fb5c75ec5b4782814cbb980b5 | Association_football | After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup. | What is the most important international football championship? | {
"text": [
"World Cup"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5a12fa95c0a398ff02cef1811d0e0cc828fc009a | Association_football | After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup. | where is the second to last contest held? | {
"text": [
"South America"
],
"answer_start": [
956
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8d34ec1adaffbbdd620ba3d35433383a7ffe3f33 | Association_football | After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC). The FIFA Confederations Cup is contested by the winners of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which is hosting the Confederations Cup. This is generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and does not carry the same prestige as the World Cup itself. The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national champions, for example the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America. The winners of each continental competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup. | What are the continental cups championships? | {
"text": [
"FIFA Confederations Cup"
],
"answer_start": [
395
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4afdc80fd57cd8984967987fd9670b7cbf9e627c | Association_football | There are 17 laws in the official Laws of the Game, each containing a collection of stipulation and guidelines. The same laws are designed to apply to all levels of football, although certain modifications for groups such as juniors, seniors, women and people with physical disabilities are permitted. The laws are often framed in broad terms, which allow flexibility in their application depending on the nature of the game. The Laws of the Game are published by FIFA, but are maintained by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). In addition to the seventeen laws, numerous IFAB decisions and other directives contribute to the regulation of football. | All levels of football follow what? | {
"text": [
"official Laws of the Game"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c38b399573389137bb10760832bbef0e006bcb3c | Association_football | There are 17 laws in the official Laws of the Game, each containing a collection of stipulation and guidelines. The same laws are designed to apply to all levels of football, although certain modifications for groups such as juniors, seniors, women and people with physical disabilities are permitted. The laws are often framed in broad terms, which allow flexibility in their application depending on the nature of the game. The Laws of the Game are published by FIFA, but are maintained by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). In addition to the seventeen laws, numerous IFAB decisions and other directives contribute to the regulation of football. | Who allows that modifications be made? | {
"text": [
"International Football Association Board"
],
"answer_start": [
496
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
97077fb3325faac670edf760d6ddda0b9e0f6a45 | Association_football | There are 17 laws in the official Laws of the Game, each containing a collection of stipulation and guidelines. The same laws are designed to apply to all levels of football, although certain modifications for groups such as juniors, seniors, women and people with physical disabilities are permitted. The laws are often framed in broad terms, which allow flexibility in their application depending on the nature of the game. The Laws of the Game are published by FIFA, but are maintained by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). In addition to the seventeen laws, numerous IFAB decisions and other directives contribute to the regulation of football. | What context do the 17 laws have? | {
"text": [
"containing a collection of stipulation and guidelines"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
fdc89c1786c8c6232857d722111402269074e47b | Association_football | There are 17 laws in the official Laws of the Game, each containing a collection of stipulation and guidelines. The same laws are designed to apply to all levels of football, although certain modifications for groups such as juniors, seniors, women and people with physical disabilities are permitted. The laws are often framed in broad terms, which allow flexibility in their application depending on the nature of the game. The Laws of the Game are published by FIFA, but are maintained by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). In addition to the seventeen laws, numerous IFAB decisions and other directives contribute to the regulation of football. | Why are the laws not specific? | {
"text": [
"allow flexibility in their application depending on the nature of the game"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ce0664dc9d9aaabb3749a4728f529e089d82de65 | History_of_India | The Chalukya Empire (Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು [tʃaːɭukjə]) was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries. During this period, they ruled as three related yet individual dynasties. The earliest dynasty, known as the "Badami Chalukyas", ruled from Vatapi (modern Badami) from the middle of the 6th century. The Badami Chalukyas began to assert their independence at the decline of the Kadamba kingdom of Banavasi and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of Pulakeshin II. The rule of the Chalukyas marks an important milestone in the history of South India and a golden age in the history of Karnataka. The political atmosphere in South India shifted from smaller kingdoms to large empires with the ascendancy of Badami Chalukyas. A Southern India-based kingdom took control and consolidated the entire region between the Kaveri and the Narmada rivers. The rise of this empire saw the birth of efficient administration, overseas trade and commerce and the development of new style of architecture called "Chalukyan architecture". The Chalukya dynasty ruled parts of southern and central India from Badami in Karnataka between 550 and 750, and then again from Kalyani between 970 and 1190. | What empire preceded the Badami Chalukyas? | {
"text": [
"Kadamba kingdom of Banavasi"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0ace6a0fec8daece09da904e6e8ef1dc165ce810 | History_of_India | The Chalukya Empire (Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು [tʃaːɭukjə]) was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries. During this period, they ruled as three related yet individual dynasties. The earliest dynasty, known as the "Badami Chalukyas", ruled from Vatapi (modern Badami) from the middle of the 6th century. The Badami Chalukyas began to assert their independence at the decline of the Kadamba kingdom of Banavasi and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of Pulakeshin II. The rule of the Chalukyas marks an important milestone in the history of South India and a golden age in the history of Karnataka. The political atmosphere in South India shifted from smaller kingdoms to large empires with the ascendancy of Badami Chalukyas. A Southern India-based kingdom took control and consolidated the entire region between the Kaveri and the Narmada rivers. The rise of this empire saw the birth of efficient administration, overseas trade and commerce and the development of new style of architecture called "Chalukyan architecture". The Chalukya dynasty ruled parts of southern and central India from Badami in Karnataka between 550 and 750, and then again from Kalyani between 970 and 1190. | The Badamis were the first of how many dynasties making up the Chalukya Empire | {
"text": [
"ruled"
],
"answer_start": [
303
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
aaeac58eb30ac78201b6653e17b9ef8ec0fdc230 | History_of_India | The Chalukya Empire (Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು [tʃaːɭukjə]) was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries. During this period, they ruled as three related yet individual dynasties. The earliest dynasty, known as the "Badami Chalukyas", ruled from Vatapi (modern Badami) from the middle of the 6th century. The Badami Chalukyas began to assert their independence at the decline of the Kadamba kingdom of Banavasi and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of Pulakeshin II. The rule of the Chalukyas marks an important milestone in the history of South India and a golden age in the history of Karnataka. The political atmosphere in South India shifted from smaller kingdoms to large empires with the ascendancy of Badami Chalukyas. A Southern India-based kingdom took control and consolidated the entire region between the Kaveri and the Narmada rivers. The rise of this empire saw the birth of efficient administration, overseas trade and commerce and the development of new style of architecture called "Chalukyan architecture". The Chalukya dynasty ruled parts of southern and central India from Badami in Karnataka between 550 and 750, and then again from Kalyani between 970 and 1190. | What did Badami Chalukyas do during its prominence? | {
"text": [
"South India shifted from smaller kingdoms to large empires"
],
"answer_start": [
704
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
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