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90d1b92c1a0edb233b038d05095c1671fbb74c7f | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990. | Which of the following is not a country: the United States, Gorbachev, or Russia? | {
"text": [
"Gorbachev"
],
"answer_start": [
559
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
fe5b3a75465fe9ba45b3c85a37091c2d3f30d8f1 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990. | When did the Russian economic structure really start to slow down? | {
"text": [
"late 1970s"
],
"answer_start": [
656
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b4d6d9ac1ad6942ad2ff0e9c63047811534b1e90 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990. | Which of the following is not a natural landmark: the Volga, the Urals or the USSR? | {
"text": [
"the USSR"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
80a7f5500c50647e375632ddb8d9a3e00bb1c0c1 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990. | Where in the world could you find more of the fuel that runs cars than in Russia? | {
"text": [
"United States and Saudi Arabia"
],
"answer_start": [
263
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2cdb1c8daf3c3d7fb46f4262531bfe7ffa494e03 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially-organized public-health services provided health care. After 1985, the restructuring policies of the Gorbachev administration relatively liberalised the economy, which had become stagnant since the late 1970s, with the introduction of non-state owned enterprises such as cooperatives. The effects of market policies led to the failure of many enterprises and total instability by 1990. | In what country were there nearly 24 million students in the 1970s? | {
"text": [
"Russia"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
255d70b346fcbbc04f89d4379e003fdad4f468ec | Gymnastics | Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category. | A practitioner and her partner who are adults would do their Sport Aerobics routine in which space? | {
"text": [
"larger floor (10x10m)"
],
"answer_start": [
415
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
698fbfabb81ae2b2b6db215fac68f127df193640 | Gymnastics | Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category. | What is the smallest number of practitioners who can perform sport aerobics? | {
"text": [
"individuals"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c3a2805940a3258e6c1b49e16e03ad37d547d0d7 | Gymnastics | Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category. | Who can do Aerobic Gymnastics other than individuals, trios, and six people groups? | {
"text": [
"pairs"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6e0442e2c4d5428e80deedef68ec2969c6c86d07 | Gymnastics | Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category. | If a person and her two friends wanted to form an aerobic gymnastics group, what category would they fall into? | {
"text": [
"trios"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b0868ddb9f9159d4dc4f16f5606abd9d95876578 | Gymnastics | Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category. | What kind of group is one third as large as the largest allowed group for an aerobic gymnastics routine? | {
"text": [
"pairs"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5a484a2843eb8f3d2ed047a14208daa38a7227aa | Gymnastics | Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category. | Who performs on the same floor as single competitors? | {
"text": [
"12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
62debaa06211adfc1e1006c25c7bd9e0a93159af | Gymnastics | Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category. | Lifting weights can help with what foundation of aerobic gymnastics? | {
"text": [
"strength"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f78a0173d2a3a4f81f97acf66d53b302ee02e111 | Gymnastics | Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category. | Whether or not a practitioner can do the splits during her routine falls under what foundation of Sports Aerobics? | {
"text": [
"flexibility"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f6a39ccca1fc61f12803ec9eb82ba93ab9b55b45 | Gymnastics | Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category. | What is the routine called when 3 people perform? | {
"text": [
"trios"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8654770f703fd38efa509ebacef9b4ad4468ffae | Gymnastics | Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category. | What is the length of one side of an individual aerobic gymnasts performance area? | {
"text": [
"7x7m"
],
"answer_start": [
281
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b60d3a7bf48cef3f9cf34b063d5ca78e87693225 | Gymnastics | Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category. | For adults performing in groups, what is the area of their performance space? | {
"text": [
"10x10m"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ae47e3e4a9a0d2227c34326d9dac877bfc67f6b4 | Gymnastics | Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category. | Who can do Aerobic Gymnastics other than individuals, pairs, and six people groups? | {
"text": [
"trios"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
99340923c235f6f824eaba3e0ccdcb9b4fc83d2f | Gymnastics | Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category. | What is the youngest an aerobic gymnast must be to compete? | {
"text": [
"12"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
dcad88fe4c482268a9146ee04d63e900ed1ea865 | Gymnastics | Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category. | What is a routine called when only 2 people perform? | {
"text": [
"pairs"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
73365fc8866724f3e936de5568afcb3ecfabd018 | Gymnastics | Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category. | What is a routine called when only one person performs? | {
"text": [
"individuals"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6a98f31cc474734751a29aeb16f03e3c10eb1650 | Gymnastics | A higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentum is time the landing takes Gymnasts can alter the shape of the area by increasing the time taken to perform the landing. Gymnasts can achieve this by increasing hip, knee and ankle amplitude. With the increase of height, the amplitude in ankles knees and hips rise the bars. | Which of the following is affected by the time the landing takes: flight phase, the shape of the area, or ground reaction force? | {
"text": [
"shape of the area"
],
"answer_start": [
371
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f5603d047ef44bea0a64a0da79678b9e887b911e | Gymnastics | A higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentum is time the landing takes Gymnasts can alter the shape of the area by increasing the time taken to perform the landing. Gymnasts can achieve this by increasing hip, knee and ankle amplitude. With the increase of height, the amplitude in ankles knees and hips rise the bars. | Which of the following is a type of momentum: linear, vertical, or external? | {
"text": [
"linear"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7be89aa8e193f43729c23d00af8d106517e64422 | Gymnastics | A higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentum is time the landing takes Gymnasts can alter the shape of the area by increasing the time taken to perform the landing. Gymnasts can achieve this by increasing hip, knee and ankle amplitude. With the increase of height, the amplitude in ankles knees and hips rise the bars. | What do gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force? | {
"text": [
"external force"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1759548d291a1225d6adceb2349f00aeb8d3b7b5 | Gymnastics | A higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentum is time the landing takes Gymnasts can alter the shape of the area by increasing the time taken to perform the landing. Gymnasts can achieve this by increasing hip, knee and ankle amplitude. With the increase of height, the amplitude in ankles knees and hips rise the bars. | What is another important variable that affects linear and angular momentum? | {
"text": [
"time the landing takes"
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0d3137868904892696b720c25f879ee49a8636c6 | Gymnastics | A higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentum is time the landing takes Gymnasts can alter the shape of the area by increasing the time taken to perform the landing. Gymnasts can achieve this by increasing hip, knee and ankle amplitude. With the increase of height, the amplitude in ankles knees and hips rise the bars. | Gymnasts can overcome what by increasing the time taken to perform a landing? | {
"text": [
"vertical ground reaction force"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
195cbb12550bda42cb802cfaeb23f3bb611bc78a | Gymnastics | A higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentum is time the landing takes Gymnasts can alter the shape of the area by increasing the time taken to perform the landing. Gymnasts can achieve this by increasing hip, knee and ankle amplitude. With the increase of height, the amplitude in ankles knees and hips rise the bars. | What does increasing height result in? | {
"text": [
"higher vertical ground reaction force"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a49abe12f1626e1996e8afde60a556169db07d81 | Gymnastics | A higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentum is time the landing takes Gymnasts can alter the shape of the area by increasing the time taken to perform the landing. Gymnasts can achieve this by increasing hip, knee and ankle amplitude. With the increase of height, the amplitude in ankles knees and hips rise the bars. | Why might a gymnast increase lower body amplitude? | {
"text": [
"perform the landing"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6fb03c7a977914df662ac3d72e29cb29ea4716f2 | Gymnastics | A higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentum is time the landing takes Gymnasts can alter the shape of the area by increasing the time taken to perform the landing. Gymnasts can achieve this by increasing hip, knee and ankle amplitude. With the increase of height, the amplitude in ankles knees and hips rise the bars. | What rises the bars with an increase of height? | {
"text": [
"amplitude"
],
"answer_start": [
546
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
396d0ea0aabfe6c19fbfa42b5de13b5d4e74aeca | Gymnastics | A higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentum is time the landing takes Gymnasts can alter the shape of the area by increasing the time taken to perform the landing. Gymnasts can achieve this by increasing hip, knee and ankle amplitude. With the increase of height, the amplitude in ankles knees and hips rise the bars. | Which of the following is not a key part of increasing the time taken to perform the landing: hip, muscle, or ankle? | {
"text": [
"muscle"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
bd5bf38601a38efef88f15daea22ce35f30750c2 | Gymnastics | A higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentum is time the landing takes Gymnasts can alter the shape of the area by increasing the time taken to perform the landing. Gymnasts can achieve this by increasing hip, knee and ankle amplitude. With the increase of height, the amplitude in ankles knees and hips rise the bars. | How do gymnasts combat outside forces? | {
"text": [
"muscle force"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e6196e5ceab16cfa8d2209afca2bca9d262dc6ca | Gymnastics | A higher flight phase results in a higher vertical ground reaction force. Vertical ground reaction force represents external force which the gymnasts have to overcome with their muscle force and has an impact on the gymnasts linear and angular momentum. Another important variable that affects linear and angular momentum is time the landing takes Gymnasts can alter the shape of the area by increasing the time taken to perform the landing. Gymnasts can achieve this by increasing hip, knee and ankle amplitude. With the increase of height, the amplitude in ankles knees and hips rise the bars. | What benefits comes from more height? | {
"text": [
"rise the bars"
],
"answer_start": [
581
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
26cf4626ccffe73406a6eabf704d9599033fa303 | Gymnastics | Individual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additional points (with no maximum at the highest levels of competition) can be earned depending on the difficulty of the moves and the length of time taken to complete the ten skills which is an indication of the average height of the jumps. In high level competitions, there are two preliminary routines, one which has only two moves scored for difficulty and one where the athlete is free to perform any routine. This is followed by a final routine which is optional. Some competitions restart the score from zero for the finals, other add the final score to the preliminary results. | What is not required of the athletes? | {
"text": [
"a final routine"
],
"answer_start": [
730
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
cbc2e67d1a6b4a90afceb3d8fe3396d77bdc746e | Gymnastics | Individual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additional points (with no maximum at the highest levels of competition) can be earned depending on the difficulty of the moves and the length of time taken to complete the ten skills which is an indication of the average height of the jumps. In high level competitions, there are two preliminary routines, one which has only two moves scored for difficulty and one where the athlete is free to perform any routine. This is followed by a final routine which is optional. Some competitions restart the score from zero for the finals, other add the final score to the preliminary results. | How are routines scored | {
"text": [
"for difficulty"
],
"answer_start": [
637
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2a713c521041ee983e3d838efa0bd63886f2a85e | Gymnastics | Individual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additional points (with no maximum at the highest levels of competition) can be earned depending on the difficulty of the moves and the length of time taken to complete the ten skills which is an indication of the average height of the jumps. In high level competitions, there are two preliminary routines, one which has only two moves scored for difficulty and one where the athlete is free to perform any routine. This is followed by a final routine which is optional. Some competitions restart the score from zero for the finals, other add the final score to the preliminary results. | What is not part of preliminary routines: free to perform any routine or a sequence of aerial skills? | {
"text": [
"sequence of aerial skills"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3ba8fced119bbd882f81d6b6120187def4a34e69 | Gymnastics | Individual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additional points (with no maximum at the highest levels of competition) can be earned depending on the difficulty of the moves and the length of time taken to complete the ten skills which is an indication of the average height of the jumps. In high level competitions, there are two preliminary routines, one which has only two moves scored for difficulty and one where the athlete is free to perform any routine. This is followed by a final routine which is optional. Some competitions restart the score from zero for the finals, other add the final score to the preliminary results. | Which are there more of, bounces with pause or moves scored for difficulty during preliminary routines? | {
"text": [
"bounces without pause"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c33ad77a05a5175147ff7e63c7c6716e99458a63 | Gymnastics | Individual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additional points (with no maximum at the highest levels of competition) can be earned depending on the difficulty of the moves and the length of time taken to complete the ten skills which is an indication of the average height of the jumps. In high level competitions, there are two preliminary routines, one which has only two moves scored for difficulty and one where the athlete is free to perform any routine. This is followed by a final routine which is optional. Some competitions restart the score from zero for the finals, other add the final score to the preliminary results. | What is the gymanist routine? | {
"text": [
"trampolining"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
35d5a5d6179935e3cf49d019b18d4cd99e12661a | Gymnastics | Individual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additional points (with no maximum at the highest levels of competition) can be earned depending on the difficulty of the moves and the length of time taken to complete the ten skills which is an indication of the average height of the jumps. In high level competitions, there are two preliminary routines, one which has only two moves scored for difficulty and one where the athlete is free to perform any routine. This is followed by a final routine which is optional. Some competitions restart the score from zero for the finals, other add the final score to the preliminary results. | What is the minimum possible score? | {
"text": [
"zero"
],
"answer_start": [
806
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
54a407f508a63c6ff6f007e9af635ed487fb8fe7 | Gymnastics | Individual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additional points (with no maximum at the highest levels of competition) can be earned depending on the difficulty of the moves and the length of time taken to complete the ten skills which is an indication of the average height of the jumps. In high level competitions, there are two preliminary routines, one which has only two moves scored for difficulty and one where the athlete is free to perform any routine. This is followed by a final routine which is optional. Some competitions restart the score from zero for the finals, other add the final score to the preliminary results. | What is different about the top competitions other than points? | {
"text": [
"two preliminary routines"
],
"answer_start": [
575
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
18fb5bdf0423dc100e7a86e47075e8d1dfb3b56c | Gymnastics | Individual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additional points (with no maximum at the highest levels of competition) can be earned depending on the difficulty of the moves and the length of time taken to complete the ten skills which is an indication of the average height of the jumps. In high level competitions, there are two preliminary routines, one which has only two moves scored for difficulty and one where the athlete is free to perform any routine. This is followed by a final routine which is optional. Some competitions restart the score from zero for the finals, other add the final score to the preliminary results. | Which are there more of: preliminary routines or points in the maximum score? | {
"text": [
"points"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
28093acbd5d2d30ff59e2e56db97b8e3beb36209 | Gymnastics | Individual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additional points (with no maximum at the highest levels of competition) can be earned depending on the difficulty of the moves and the length of time taken to complete the ten skills which is an indication of the average height of the jumps. In high level competitions, there are two preliminary routines, one which has only two moves scored for difficulty and one where the athlete is free to perform any routine. This is followed by a final routine which is optional. Some competitions restart the score from zero for the finals, other add the final score to the preliminary results. | How many additional points can be earned | {
"text": [
"no maximum"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5a9a9ecd2e284f0e180c014d57fc3397ad662a0f | Gymnastics | Individual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additional points (with no maximum at the highest levels of competition) can be earned depending on the difficulty of the moves and the length of time taken to complete the ten skills which is an indication of the average height of the jumps. In high level competitions, there are two preliminary routines, one which has only two moves scored for difficulty and one where the athlete is free to perform any routine. This is followed by a final routine which is optional. Some competitions restart the score from zero for the finals, other add the final score to the preliminary results. | What is the equipment being used by the gymnast? | {
"text": [
"trampolining"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9a3ed5e0569bbf93001b73a6920542bf7605b201 | Gymnastics | The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are awarded based a 10-point scale that measures the level of difficulty of the tumbling and apparatus handling. On November 27–29, 2003, Japan hosted first edition of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship. | What requires great flexibility? | {
"text": [
"gymnastics"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4b6bc0a01c3513cdcffbd14520cea6b5d52ddd06 | Gymnastics | The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are awarded based a 10-point scale that measures the level of difficulty of the tumbling and apparatus handling. On November 27–29, 2003, Japan hosted first edition of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship. | What is the opposite of groups? | {
"text": [
"individuals"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c6231753ea7d2fd1f8b8415c25ba883b9715d9d6 | Gymnastics | The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are awarded based a 10-point scale that measures the level of difficulty of the tumbling and apparatus handling. On November 27–29, 2003, Japan hosted first edition of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship. | What is performed in the air? | {
"text": [
"double rings"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
54d0094a39aca308fa889dbc36975baeac16a853 | Gymnastics | The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are awarded based a 10-point scale that measures the level of difficulty of the tumbling and apparatus handling. On November 27–29, 2003, Japan hosted first edition of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship. | What measures level of difficulty? | {
"text": [
"10-point scale"
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c308f115edc8cf8179cda8c19f3983f878a8e211 | Gymnastics | The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are awarded based a 10-point scale that measures the level of difficulty of the tumbling and apparatus handling. On November 27–29, 2003, Japan hosted first edition of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship. | What is the opposite of individuals? | {
"text": [
"Groups"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
86d044d7bdfd4ee3e9323aa38100dfee8ee92101 | Gymnastics | The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are awarded based a 10-point scale that measures the level of difficulty of the tumbling and apparatus handling. On November 27–29, 2003, Japan hosted first edition of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship. | Name one of the four seasons? | {
"text": [
"spring"
],
"answer_start": [
294
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8b6dbe1b69cb6a45a8e0b72e21fa859ec5dd887e | Gymnastics | The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are awarded based a 10-point scale that measures the level of difficulty of the tumbling and apparatus handling. On November 27–29, 2003, Japan hosted first edition of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship. | What comes before December? | {
"text": [
"November"
],
"answer_start": [
431
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f095bc29a275a6723fa5a083e76c91d59c6686b1 | Gymnastics | The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are awarded based a 10-point scale that measures the level of difficulty of the tumbling and apparatus handling. On November 27–29, 2003, Japan hosted first edition of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship. | How many seasons are there? | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ade2ee4845af73e97e64a8402bc291386ae43cad | Gymnastics | The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are awarded based a 10-point scale that measures the level of difficulty of the tumbling and apparatus handling. On November 27–29, 2003, Japan hosted first edition of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship. | What is different about individuals versus groups? | {
"text": [
"For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c21dd046e1ba22b570224dbd4a8319f789a1d97b | Gymnastics | The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are awarded based a 10-point scale that measures the level of difficulty of the tumbling and apparatus handling. On November 27–29, 2003, Japan hosted first edition of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship. | What kind of rules came in the 1970's? | {
"text": [
"The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c4e71a1a5406d70a6f508a695b2ca847effbfcfe | Gymnastics | The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are awarded based a 10-point scale that measures the level of difficulty of the tumbling and apparatus handling. On November 27–29, 2003, Japan hosted first edition of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship. | What is not excluded when there is more than one person? | {
"text": [
"apparatus"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d95e1008de2d9296e2aca631da4118cf65dc796e | Gymnastics | The technical rules for the Japanese version of men's rhythmic gymnastics came around the 1970s. For individuals, only four types of apparatus are used: the double rings, the stick, the rope, and the clubs. Groups do not use any apparatus. The Japanese version includes tumbling performed on a spring floor. Points are awarded based a 10-point scale that measures the level of difficulty of the tumbling and apparatus handling. On November 27–29, 2003, Japan hosted first edition of the Men's Rhythmic Gymnastics World Championship. | How many points are possible? | {
"text": [
"10"
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0d248a8d2f662bef6fdd47083af628f98b99ae81 | Compact_disc | CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs. | What does polishing fix? | {
"text": [
"Scratches on the clear side"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a83e5282ea56ac40b23929cc8325d51208c5a9ab | Compact_disc | CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs. | What is found in CDs that the candidum in Belize consumes? | {
"text": [
"The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs"
],
"answer_start": [
593
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
141dd9c47efde648a016fc585661489937b96367 | Compact_disc | CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs. | Why would you rather damage the non label side of a CD? | {
"text": [
"Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
53d6bc04e33b0b9e0177fa59e4c5e9f6316a37ac | Compact_disc | CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs. | How do CDs get ruined? | {
"text": [
"during handling and from environmental exposure"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b7f8f41bcfe3ff05f65eb4ee4c62c9afeff568cc | Compact_disc | CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs. | What is something that can happen to a CD in Belize? | {
"text": [
"The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs"
],
"answer_start": [
593
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
233426118fc4ede2d1da26d0fcf97c412d41a130 | Compact_disc | CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs. | What is the process of using similar plastic to repair a disc? | {
"text": [
"refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing"
],
"answer_start": [
346
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e778054d1a6944cf84a6f13df2da0282dcbfe123 | Compact_disc | CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs. | What damage occurs on the label side? | {
"text": [
"Pits"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5b29eb92c928124a8e068e42f4e72395d9a153dd | Compact_disc | CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs. | How might steam damage a CD? | {
"text": [
"The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c0ee44aec96833748adbaf56b8b041565142fbd9 | Compact_disc | CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs. | The plastic used to replace a clear side of a disc must be what to repair it? | {
"text": [
"similar"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
752588e6352ca6b353575d8abbd1ec4de919a936 | Compact_disc | CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs. | Why do CDs get corroded? | {
"text": [
"The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
09537eb340f29483eb7fb72830dc14ae5d588a68 | Compact_disc | CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs. | Which part of the disc must be kept safest? | {
"text": [
"label side of a disc"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8a0699fce9aa4aecdeb4b1fa6a4e268afe9fdbb0 | Compact_disc | CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs. | What can "eat" CDs? | {
"text": [
"Geotrichum candidum"
],
"answer_start": [
604
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ece9253a2aa76819d9abfc06fbd3939314c8da83 | Compact_disc | CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs. | The CDs are sometimes what that allows it to become defective? | {
"text": [
"The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f59e22384f69122243ea5d32ba87304aa3a7adfb | Compact_disc | CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs. | Which side of a CD is easier to fix? | {
"text": [
"Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
98c179ac70973b6be07f9013f071fe90b0ad37fa | Compact_disc | CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs. | What can happen to the edges of the disc's? | {
"text": [
"sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits"
],
"answer_start": [
439
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a7e693e26f00d13d12c306e87826c8a27957586f | Compact_disc | CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs. | What natural organism can disintegrate CDs? | {
"text": [
"The fungus Geotrichum candidum"
],
"answer_start": [
593
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ece383e6d36a823143cec9adce5111adc8b4e74d | Compact_disc | CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clear side can be repaired by refilling them with similar refractive plastic or by careful polishing. The edges of CDs are sometimes incompletely sealed, allowing gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits. The fungus Geotrichum candidum, found in Belize, has been found to consume the polycarbonate plastic and aluminium found in CDs. | How could water damage a CD specifically? | {
"text": [
"gases and liquids to corrode the metal reflective layer and to interfere with the focus of the laser on the pits"
],
"answer_start": [
479
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
534d4e80bda682394e364f075e93fbdd95bb6764 | Compact_disc | A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself. | what is been discussed? | {
"text": [
"CD player"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9ee1ab75730ad67b14a50fbd121809082128d5b4 | Compact_disc | A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself. | How is the information stored on the disc? | {
"text": [
"spiral pattern"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
42b34570652374a60e04771377581142aa8d8578 | Compact_disc | A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself. | what aspect of a CD is mentioned? | {
"text": [
"polycarbonate layer"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
471a3ee8aeb835d1d096bf2d911dc6812237cbea | Compact_disc | A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself. | How is data placed on a disc? | {
"text": [
"spiral pattern"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c86ee83b624db8ffbf619411017b0881c612a7ae | Compact_disc | A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself. | How can you decipher data in the middle of a CD? | {
"text": [
"swing arm"
],
"answer_start": [
494
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
05df841d255b9ad215a8897b3a5165edaa03208a | Compact_disc | A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself. | How far does the laser span? | {
"text": [
"the centre to the edge of a disc"
],
"answer_start": [
546
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6da6b324e9ace767de6cc400140be5f1388c56ce | Compact_disc | A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself. | what was the last word in the passage? | {
"text": [
"itself"
],
"answer_start": [
633
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7d9be885223fbf494355dcbf3606078ddebf6614 | Compact_disc | A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself. | What are essentially the eyes of the laser? | {
"text": [
"light"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1c8f53986aacd201dacb621aacbed32604d60691 | Compact_disc | A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself. | What does the laser have that protects it? | {
"text": [
"polycarbonate layer"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e02b165003017d1399f51c651fcf42f753ce333f | Compact_disc | A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself. | What reads a CD? | {
"text": [
"semiconductor laser"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
106d2cd9e37ee6cc88d1352debdd3d14fdc18e08 | Compact_disc | A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself. | Based on the size of the wavelength, what kind of light is basically used in the semiconductor? | {
"text": [
"infrared"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5bfdefcdf7df7afeee7523afa48958920d1b6890 | Compact_disc | A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself. | What identifies the highs and lows of the light sources? | {
"text": [
"photodiode"
],
"answer_start": [
301
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8111c6b61e843e81b9daddfe7d5c0eb938c60e84 | Compact_disc | A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself. | How is the bouncing of rays used? | {
"text": [
"The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f2bb77318c8c71c6b5e4f52b6dd04506a94d17b5 | Compact_disc | A CD is read by focusing a 780 nm wavelength (near infrared) semiconductor laser housed within the CD player, through the bottom of the polycarbonate layer. The change in height between pits and lands results in a difference in the way the light is reflected. By measuring the intensity change with a photodiode, the data can be read from the disc. In order to accommodate the spiral pattern of data, the semiconductor laser is placed on a swing arm within the disc tray of any CD player. This swing arm allows the laser to read information from the centre to the edge of a disc, without having to interrupt the spinning of the disc itself. | what is the first word in the second paragraph? | {
"text": [
"change"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
108801aa804df2ff3da04662eb72de1ec040347a | Compact_disc | The Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the "Big Bang" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especially in the early-adopting classical music and audiophile communities, and its handling quality received particular praise. As the price of players gradually came down, and with the introduction of the portable Walkman the CD began to gain popularity in the larger popular and rock music markets. The first artist to sell a million copies on CD was Dire Straits, with their 1985 album Brothers in Arms. The first major artist to have his entire catalogue converted to CD was David Bowie, whose 15 studio albums were made available by RCA Records in February 1985, along with four greatest hits albums. In 1988, 400 million CDs were manufactured by 50 pressing plants around the world. | What began on 3rd month of the 83rd year of the 20th century? | {
"text": [
"the \"Big Bang\" of the digital audio revolution"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
05958388eaba72c745de233a090673ff17edcf2d | Compact_disc | The Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the "Big Bang" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especially in the early-adopting classical music and audiophile communities, and its handling quality received particular praise. As the price of players gradually came down, and with the introduction of the portable Walkman the CD began to gain popularity in the larger popular and rock music markets. The first artist to sell a million copies on CD was Dire Straits, with their 1985 album Brothers in Arms. The first major artist to have his entire catalogue converted to CD was David Bowie, whose 15 studio albums were made available by RCA Records in February 1985, along with four greatest hits albums. In 1988, 400 million CDs were manufactured by 50 pressing plants around the world. | What happened during the 88th year of the 20th century? | {
"text": [
"400 million CDs were manufactured by 50 pressing plants around the world"
],
"answer_start": [
907
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c0dcc6466da2ff5e42579d1df8b204e453218a66 | Compact_disc | The Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the "Big Bang" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especially in the early-adopting classical music and audiophile communities, and its handling quality received particular praise. As the price of players gradually came down, and with the introduction of the portable Walkman the CD began to gain popularity in the larger popular and rock music markets. The first artist to sell a million copies on CD was Dire Straits, with their 1985 album Brothers in Arms. The first major artist to have his entire catalogue converted to CD was David Bowie, whose 15 studio albums were made available by RCA Records in February 1985, along with four greatest hits albums. In 1988, 400 million CDs were manufactured by 50 pressing plants around the world. | what is the first period in time mentioned? | {
"text": [
"March 1983"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2a9afb81653d3ab4b2908fb8621c9901c45b9d75 | Compact_disc | The Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the "Big Bang" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especially in the early-adopting classical music and audiophile communities, and its handling quality received particular praise. As the price of players gradually came down, and with the introduction of the portable Walkman the CD began to gain popularity in the larger popular and rock music markets. The first artist to sell a million copies on CD was Dire Straits, with their 1985 album Brothers in Arms. The first major artist to have his entire catalogue converted to CD was David Bowie, whose 15 studio albums were made available by RCA Records in February 1985, along with four greatest hits albums. In 1988, 400 million CDs were manufactured by 50 pressing plants around the world. | What is placed into CD players to play music? | {
"text": [
"CDs"
],
"answer_start": [
919
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5fec546732c77ee975293fd0172b37255779f431 | Compact_disc | The Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the "Big Bang" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especially in the early-adopting classical music and audiophile communities, and its handling quality received particular praise. As the price of players gradually came down, and with the introduction of the portable Walkman the CD began to gain popularity in the larger popular and rock music markets. The first artist to sell a million copies on CD was Dire Straits, with their 1985 album Brothers in Arms. The first major artist to have his entire catalogue converted to CD was David Bowie, whose 15 studio albums were made available by RCA Records in February 1985, along with four greatest hits albums. In 1988, 400 million CDs were manufactured by 50 pressing plants around the world. | what is the last place mentioned? | {
"text": [
"the world"
],
"answer_start": [
970
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0fdbaf1ca5267b0f7beea20076fe9f19dc049bc4 | Compact_disc | The Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the "Big Bang" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especially in the early-adopting classical music and audiophile communities, and its handling quality received particular praise. As the price of players gradually came down, and with the introduction of the portable Walkman the CD began to gain popularity in the larger popular and rock music markets. The first artist to sell a million copies on CD was Dire Straits, with their 1985 album Brothers in Arms. The first major artist to have his entire catalogue converted to CD was David Bowie, whose 15 studio albums were made available by RCA Records in February 1985, along with four greatest hits albums. In 1988, 400 million CDs were manufactured by 50 pressing plants around the world. | what are the first machines mentioned? | {
"text": [
"CD players"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f7c5a05aa52772a24a02a6ce2dfd817c8635eeff | Compact_disc | The Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the "Big Bang" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especially in the early-adopting classical music and audiophile communities, and its handling quality received particular praise. As the price of players gradually came down, and with the introduction of the portable Walkman the CD began to gain popularity in the larger popular and rock music markets. The first artist to sell a million copies on CD was Dire Straits, with their 1985 album Brothers in Arms. The first major artist to have his entire catalogue converted to CD was David Bowie, whose 15 studio albums were made available by RCA Records in February 1985, along with four greatest hits albums. In 1988, 400 million CDs were manufactured by 50 pressing plants around the world. | Who made the first CD players? | {
"text": [
"The Japanese"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
08fcbe20a59af440fbdd8766374f74f78eeb5e9b | Compact_disc | The Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the "Big Bang" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especially in the early-adopting classical music and audiophile communities, and its handling quality received particular praise. As the price of players gradually came down, and with the introduction of the portable Walkman the CD began to gain popularity in the larger popular and rock music markets. The first artist to sell a million copies on CD was Dire Straits, with their 1985 album Brothers in Arms. The first major artist to have his entire catalogue converted to CD was David Bowie, whose 15 studio albums were made available by RCA Records in February 1985, along with four greatest hits albums. In 1988, 400 million CDs were manufactured by 50 pressing plants around the world. | what is the last period in time mentioned? | {
"text": [
"1988"
],
"answer_start": [
901
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6db88b40e9e7c59586736042922b2a17290ed8b8 | Compact_disc | The Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the "Big Bang" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especially in the early-adopting classical music and audiophile communities, and its handling quality received particular praise. As the price of players gradually came down, and with the introduction of the portable Walkman the CD began to gain popularity in the larger popular and rock music markets. The first artist to sell a million copies on CD was Dire Straits, with their 1985 album Brothers in Arms. The first major artist to have his entire catalogue converted to CD was David Bowie, whose 15 studio albums were made available by RCA Records in February 1985, along with four greatest hits albums. In 1988, 400 million CDs were manufactured by 50 pressing plants around the world. | What was first released during the 85th year of the 20th century? | {
"text": [
"Brothers in Arms"
],
"answer_start": [
681
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
18f76bab5536186a6b085ef70feb734c1a932cac | Compact_disc | The Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the "Big Bang" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especially in the early-adopting classical music and audiophile communities, and its handling quality received particular praise. As the price of players gradually came down, and with the introduction of the portable Walkman the CD began to gain popularity in the larger popular and rock music markets. The first artist to sell a million copies on CD was Dire Straits, with their 1985 album Brothers in Arms. The first major artist to have his entire catalogue converted to CD was David Bowie, whose 15 studio albums were made available by RCA Records in February 1985, along with four greatest hits albums. In 1988, 400 million CDs were manufactured by 50 pressing plants around the world. | what is the first region mentioned? | {
"text": [
"Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6872c5d34db79bf8b5a5b4fb620fa678a0f86051 | Compact_disc | The Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the "Big Bang" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especially in the early-adopting classical music and audiophile communities, and its handling quality received particular praise. As the price of players gradually came down, and with the introduction of the portable Walkman the CD began to gain popularity in the larger popular and rock music markets. The first artist to sell a million copies on CD was Dire Straits, with their 1985 album Brothers in Arms. The first major artist to have his entire catalogue converted to CD was David Bowie, whose 15 studio albums were made available by RCA Records in February 1985, along with four greatest hits albums. In 1988, 400 million CDs were manufactured by 50 pressing plants around the world. | What is the shape/form of CDs? | {
"text": [
"discs"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
57557d4c5eb00599a14806d2fb765c3c0ee84bcb | Compact_disc | The Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the "Big Bang" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especially in the early-adopting classical music and audiophile communities, and its handling quality received particular praise. As the price of players gradually came down, and with the introduction of the portable Walkman the CD began to gain popularity in the larger popular and rock music markets. The first artist to sell a million copies on CD was Dire Straits, with their 1985 album Brothers in Arms. The first major artist to have his entire catalogue converted to CD was David Bowie, whose 15 studio albums were made available by RCA Records in February 1985, along with four greatest hits albums. In 1988, 400 million CDs were manufactured by 50 pressing plants around the world. | What kind of major artist was David Bowie? | {
"text": [
"rock music"
],
"answer_start": [
573
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1f0e86bf19acecd0c205aed6cd6ff9823ef88b4c | Compact_disc | The Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the "Big Bang" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especially in the early-adopting classical music and audiophile communities, and its handling quality received particular praise. As the price of players gradually came down, and with the introduction of the portable Walkman the CD began to gain popularity in the larger popular and rock music markets. The first artist to sell a million copies on CD was Dire Straits, with their 1985 album Brothers in Arms. The first major artist to have his entire catalogue converted to CD was David Bowie, whose 15 studio albums were made available by RCA Records in February 1985, along with four greatest hits albums. In 1988, 400 million CDs were manufactured by 50 pressing plants around the world. | What is a CD? | {
"text": [
"digital audio"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1a04d1e2efe8d1fe579f08d75d2efc5adf9876db | Compact_disc | Heitaro Nakajima, who developed an early digital audio recorder within Japan's national public broadcasting organization NHK in 1970, became general manager of Sony's audio department in 1971. His team developed a digital PCM adaptor audio tape recorder using a Betamax video recorder in 1973. After this, in 1974 the leap to storing digital audio on an optical disc was easily made. Sony first publicly demonstrated an optical digital audio disc in September 1976. A year later, in September 1977, Sony showed the press a 30 cm disc that could play 60 minutes of digital audio (44,100 Hz sampling rate and 16-bit resolution) using MFM modulation. In September 1978, the company demonstrated an optical digital audio disc with a 150-minute playing time, 44,056 Hz sampling rate, 16-bit linear resolution, and cross-interleaved error correction code—specifications similar to those later settled upon for the standard Compact Disc format in 1980. Technical details of Sony's digital audio disc were presented during the 62nd AES Convention, held on 13–16 March 1979, in Brussels. Sony's AES technical paper was published on 1 March 1979. A week later, on 8 March, Philips publicly demonstrated a prototype of an optical digital audio disc at a press conference called "Philips Introduce Compact Disc" in Eindhoven, Netherlands. | what piece of technology is mentioned last? | {
"text": [
"Compact Disc"
],
"answer_start": [
1286
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
db878cddd16092a34a7443b2dad1141f13f678a4 | Compact_disc | Heitaro Nakajima, who developed an early digital audio recorder within Japan's national public broadcasting organization NHK in 1970, became general manager of Sony's audio department in 1971. His team developed a digital PCM adaptor audio tape recorder using a Betamax video recorder in 1973. After this, in 1974 the leap to storing digital audio on an optical disc was easily made. Sony first publicly demonstrated an optical digital audio disc in September 1976. A year later, in September 1977, Sony showed the press a 30 cm disc that could play 60 minutes of digital audio (44,100 Hz sampling rate and 16-bit resolution) using MFM modulation. In September 1978, the company demonstrated an optical digital audio disc with a 150-minute playing time, 44,056 Hz sampling rate, 16-bit linear resolution, and cross-interleaved error correction code—specifications similar to those later settled upon for the standard Compact Disc format in 1980. Technical details of Sony's digital audio disc were presented during the 62nd AES Convention, held on 13–16 March 1979, in Brussels. Sony's AES technical paper was published on 1 March 1979. A week later, on 8 March, Philips publicly demonstrated a prototype of an optical digital audio disc at a press conference called "Philips Introduce Compact Disc" in Eindhoven, Netherlands. | What occurred in the 77th year of the 20th century? | {
"text": [
"Sony showed the press a 30 cm disc that could play 60 minutes of digital audio (44,100 Hz sampling rate and 16-bit resolution) using MFM modulation"
],
"answer_start": [
499
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
007688c29bcac92034cfab6ae8d3dd06b2c82d8f | Compact_disc | Heitaro Nakajima, who developed an early digital audio recorder within Japan's national public broadcasting organization NHK in 1970, became general manager of Sony's audio department in 1971. His team developed a digital PCM adaptor audio tape recorder using a Betamax video recorder in 1973. After this, in 1974 the leap to storing digital audio on an optical disc was easily made. Sony first publicly demonstrated an optical digital audio disc in September 1976. A year later, in September 1977, Sony showed the press a 30 cm disc that could play 60 minutes of digital audio (44,100 Hz sampling rate and 16-bit resolution) using MFM modulation. In September 1978, the company demonstrated an optical digital audio disc with a 150-minute playing time, 44,056 Hz sampling rate, 16-bit linear resolution, and cross-interleaved error correction code—specifications similar to those later settled upon for the standard Compact Disc format in 1980. Technical details of Sony's digital audio disc were presented during the 62nd AES Convention, held on 13–16 March 1979, in Brussels. Sony's AES technical paper was published on 1 March 1979. A week later, on 8 March, Philips publicly demonstrated a prototype of an optical digital audio disc at a press conference called "Philips Introduce Compact Disc" in Eindhoven, Netherlands. | what period in time is mentioned second to last? | {
"text": [
"1 March 1979"
],
"answer_start": [
1123
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
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