text
stringlengths 91
655k
| id
stringlengths 47
47
| dump
stringclasses 95
values | url
stringlengths 13
1.96k
| date
stringlengths 20
20
| file_path
stringlengths 125
155
| language
stringclasses 1
value | language_score
float64 0.65
1
| token_count
int64 24
142k
| line_quality
sequencelengths 1
6.42k
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A friend is moving out of the apartment in which she's lived for 10 years, and she called on me for help.
No, not to carry one end of a piano -- there are limits to my friendship -- but rather, to dig through two closets, several clothes racks and a pile of shoe boxes that extends neatly from one end of the living room to the other. She needs to figure out what to take with her on a 10-month fellowship in Boston, what to store and what to give away.
Carrying a piano might be easier.
Andrea is a world-class bargain hunter, and her one-bedroom apartment is her trophy case, an Ali Baba cave of glittering treasures and fantastic finds with a dusting of cat hair.
She shops vintage, local boutiques, thrift stores, the sales racks at chain stores, department stores, even the occasional yard sale. She loves dresses, blazers, jeans and gemstone-studded anything; leather coats, fur coats and wool coats; ropy necklaces, giant earrings, chunky silver bracelets and cocktail rings; cowboy boots, glittery wedges and faux-snakeskin sandals.
There's some major fashion schizophrenia going on here, but somehow it all adds up to one highly fabulous package. She has personal style to spare, just no closet space.
But as we pack, even as I revel in her iconoclastic style -- and mock the seven tweed blazers, circa 1989, complete with giant shoulder pads and elbow patches -- I can't help but notice that I'd never seen her wear many of the garments.
Some still had tags. So many sale shoes she'd worn only once or twice. So many bargains turned out not to be such bargains.
Please don't think I'm any better myself. I just know better than to invite in a columnist-on-deadline to witness it.
I was reminded of this when I spoke by phone with Kathryn Finney the other day. She's the Budget Fashionista, a blogger-turned-author-turned-talk-show-personality. Her blog, which has been around since 2003, is a celebration of fashion within reach, an anti-Vogue if ever there was one. Given the current economy, Finney seems downright prescient. But even this celebrated bargain babe is wary of sale items just for sales' sake.
"When it comes to recession-proofing your closet, make sure to focus on your best value," she says. "Don't buy something just because it's cheap. I know that seems counter-intuitive, but focus on cost per wear. That's the price divided by the number of times you actually wear something. It makes you focus more on utility over price."
Finney is a font of information on getting more for your fashion dollar. Like many experts, she recommends spending more money on classic items, such as a great black suit, and less on trend pieces such as shift dresses and colorful bangle bracelets. And she says it's important to pay close attention to care tags. If you must buy something that's dry clean only, be judicious about it.
"Only dry clean an item when you really, really have to," she says. "It's a money-sucker. So many people use it like a laundry, when you could get away with just spritzing some fabric freshener on your clothes."
Finney also advises folks to go on a three-month shopping "detox."
"This forces you to wear what you have already, to shop your own closet," Finney says. "Put that money you might have spent otherwise -- you know, $20 here, $25 there can add up -- into savings and then spend the money saved on one great new piece for fall."
During the detox, shoppers could keep a list of what they really, truly need to get more out their wardrobes, making you less likely to drop cash on a trendy gladiator sandal on sale than a nicely cut sweater you can wear over everything.
When I go back for a second night of The Great Packing Adventure, I tell Andrea all about my conversation with the Budget Fashionista.
"That's fantastic advice," she says. "I definitely don't need anything new for a while."
I don't either. I still haven't shown her the new Tory Burch bag I got at Knuth or the great DKNY dress I found at Dillard's for my high school reunion. And the jacket that goes with it. Oh, and the shoes.
There's silence as we contemplate the idea of our new, frugal lifestyles.
"But only one great new piece for fall?"
"I think she probably meant to say three, don't you?"
We agree she meant three. | <urn:uuid:125a5e8d-c0d2-48ae-9ec6-da00d805b795> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://blog.cleveland.com/lifestyles/2008/08/how_to_be_frugal_with_fashion.html | 2015-01-31T05:32:55Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115869320.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161109-00191-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969087 | 1,005 | [
0.9605,
0.9579,
0.9542,
0.9465,
0.9486,
0.9506,
0.953,
0.9551,
0.9393,
0.9554,
0.9486,
0.9532,
0.9458,
0.9501,
0.9512,
0.9516,
0.9602,
0.9481,
0.9535,
0.9581,
0.943,
0.9545,
0.9375
] |
Yes I have A new workshop in my bedroom closet but i will have a new one with an actual deskbut i will be putting it in another "closet".
About this creation
The other night after i built an customized MTT i had an Extremely cluttered workshop and decided to make a battle with most of my themed minifigs and ended up with a small war
Yep my top armies right now are clones and droids, My little Brother Took all my stormtropers but he needs to build a collection too.
A Little force push action for ya.decals From http://www.saber-scorpion.com/
Boba fett getting some action from the MTT.
This is actually one of my next stories where link from zelda becomes a knight to the royal family of Hyrule, facing a stalfos, okay you caught me its just the figures from the kingdom Final joust,I havent made decals.
And the cavalry arrives and goes into hiding for an ambush.I actually Had to buy a droid army pack because I cant find all my other droids.
A look at my elongated old shcool MTT.I kind of wanted it to look like an old used one with wear and tear so thats why the grey is different colors plus i like grey and red together so its supposed to be "Repainted". It took me about six hours of finding all the peices and instructionson the internet before it was fully together
Its Arby n The Commander!!!!!!!to many ! marks "I Dont Like You" says commander stallard in his new mass effect style armor" | <urn:uuid:6fbbec6e-3ab9-46d0-8b28-af146b6d3137> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.mocpages.com/moc.php/52923 | 2015-01-31T05:52:03Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115869320.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161109-00191-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941822 | 340 | [
0.9263,
0.7618,
0.949,
0.9471,
0.2143,
0.9281,
0.9444,
0.9218,
0.9488,
0.1875
] |
The Camp Hill School Board on Monday voted to apply for exceptions that might allow the board to increase next year’s taxes above the state-set index of 1.7.
The somewhat extensive motion also included provisions for the board to make available for public review the district’s 2013-14 preliminary budget and give notice of the board’s intent to adopt the preliminary budget at the February 18 meeting.
Next year’s preliminary $17.7 million budget, which is expected to change before final budget adoption in June, contains a 2.2 percent increase in expenses, which results from an anticipated 37 percent increase in pension costs.
A tax increase at the index would leave the district about $12,000 short of balancing, but the preliminary budget at this point does not contain salary changes — the district is negotiating a contract with teachers — or other changes in expenses from this year’s budget.
The vote to apply for exceptions was recommended by the district’s business manager, Christine Hakes. According to Hakes, the vote does not commit the board to raising taxes above the index, but will leave the district’s options open for next year.
Board member Michael Foerster was the only board member to vote against the motion.
Foerster after the meeting said he’d requested during last week’s work session additional budget information, which he did not receive; as such, he was not comfortable voting for the motion.
According to School Board President Daniel Alleman, negotiations with teachers are continuing.
WHAT THIS MEANS:
Camp Hill School District's millage rate is 13.1622. A tax increase at the index would raise the millage rate 0.22 mills to 13.2822, an increase of roughly 1.67 percent. The owner of a home assessed at $100,000 would pay $1,338.22 annually in district taxes, up $22 from this year.
An increase of 0.24 mills would be required to balance the preliminary budget, which would raise the millage to 13.4022, an increase of roughly 1.82 percent. The owner of a home assessed at $100,000 would pay $1,340.22 annually in district taxes, up $24 from this year. | <urn:uuid:64370b88-6e78-4082-a146-28307515fa4c> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.pennlive.com/midstate/index.ssf/2013/01/camp_hill_school_board_to_vote.html | 2015-01-31T05:35:37Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115869320.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161109-00191-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965165 | 473 | [
0.9454,
0.9357,
0.9397,
0.9433,
0.9449,
0.9539,
0.9556,
0.951,
0.8381,
0.9127,
0.899
] |
Page url: http://www.soundvision.com/info/seerah/abuse.asp
1, 2, 3
salman, nigeria - wrote on 5/20/2004 6:45:00 AM
Comment:salam alaekum,that was a good observation,i want to beg our islamic lecturers to avoid half-quoting of the hadiths.May ALLAH guide us to the correct interpretation of what we read.
Mikhail Sunmonu, Lagos, Nigeria - wrote on 5/10/2004 8:17:00 AM
This is a fine observersion and a reminder to Muslims to guide us from committing sins unknowing just as the Christian are attributing what is not to Allah about Jesus Christ.
Kulsoom, UK - wrote on 5/6/2004 10:58:40 AM
Comment:Yeah, the hadith and the Qur'an get taken out of context too often. What's worse is when people are CONVINCED that somethings which are prohibited are actually condoned.
Siraj Sheriff, Sri Lanka - wrote on 5/6/2004 12:34:48 AM
Comment:Assalamu Alaikum, May Allah reward you, your organization and all readers with his blessings and guide us to the correct path. Islam is a universal religion, it reminds and welcomes all to submit to the will of God, not a religion of compultion but conviction, you are right brother, we are confused and need proper guidance. If we follow our belovered prophets (SPBUH) intructions correctly, we will not make enimies, but convince people to look into Islam .
jarinhat, abeokuta,Nigeria - wrote on 5/5/2004 3:57:30 AM
Comment:may Almighty Allah in his infinte mercy continue to increase the writer in knowlegde and wisdom. may this type of article continue to inspire muslims and non- muslims all over the world (amin)
sameera, us - wrote on 5/3/2004 1:41:58 AM
Comment:JazakAllah,for writing such an enlightening article .yes, we need learned people like you to bring into the attention of people,that we cannot quote the prophet out of context for our selfish desires.May Allah (swt) guide from doing more harm to ourselves in order to achieve the worldly gains.
Abdul Mohamed, Austin, Texas - wrote on 5/2/2004 4:41:37 PM
Comment:This is longoverdue article to inform Muslims around the world and nonMuslims as well that either quoting Hadith or the Holy Quran in brief or in pieces to suit ones evil intentions can not be telerated any more. I have read such pieces before from a club to which I subscribe my memnership, and had to fight with several members who supported distortion of facts in translating the small pieces from the Holy Quran. The article will go a long way to educate all. Thank you.
Fatima, Pakistan - wrote on 5/2/2004 3:04:00 PM
Comment:Assalam u alaikum Wa rahmatullahi Wa barakatuhu. Excellent article. It saddens me to see us (Muslims) have really lost the essence of understanding the importance of Hadith and The Holy Quran and Islam on the whole. I am definitely going to spread this article around to create more awareness! All I can say is Jazakallah khair!
khalidah, Jamaica - wrote on 5/2/2004 6:35:30 AM
Comment:Question- r u saying that we shouldnt be fighting, that there is no reason to fight oh what? I am getting very confused with all the recent statements being issued i would like to know if we are supposed to be like the black chrisitians of the 60's and just believe that we shall overcome one day without actually doing anything to protect our life and liberty?
PeacefulMuslima, Canada - wrote on 5/1/2004 11:51:40 AM
You addressed a great concern...I'm always apalled by such quotations. Its so aggravating
and the brother has a point...maybe u should send this article to the 700 Club and such organizations
|Search The Quran|
|Something to Ask...|
|O Allah! |
You are my Rubb. There is no true god except You. You have created me, and I am Your slave, and I hold to Your Covenant as far as I can. I seek refuge in You from the evil of what I have done. I acknowledge the favours that You have bestowed upon me, and I confess my sins. Pardon me, for none but You has the power to pardon. | <urn:uuid:bfa69b8d-6c4f-41d4-8b83-fe76971d2f27> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.soundvision.com/feedback/feedback.asp?action=readmore&URL=/info/seerah/abuse.asp&offset=10 | 2015-01-31T05:42:31Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115869320.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161109-00191-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9291 | 1,004 | [
0.2041,
0.091,
0.1507,
0.9223,
0.4044,
0.85,
0.2743,
0.8999,
0.3801,
0.8928,
0.1269,
0.6418,
0.2011,
0.7556,
0.2803,
0.6586,
0.3078,
0.7869,
0.1929,
0.8231,
0.4206,
0.9433,
0.9055,
0.0225,
0.3363,
0.1147,
0.9228
] |
Re: Wolf6151 latest 2010 mock draft/Offseason plan.
Jahri Evans is a FA and would be a great addition, but with the season that N.O. is having I doubt seriously that he'd be willing to leave.
As for a 6th round O-lineman or D-lineman, our current starters would become experienced backups on the O-line and we've got lots of depth on the D-line, we just lack a quality starter. Robinson, Cody, and Okam would be our depth as well as Smith in certain lineups. | <urn:uuid:10393796-98d4-4ca4-ab02-1121f31f0832> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.texanstalk.com/forums/showpost.php?p=1320044&postcount=4 | 2015-01-31T06:51:22Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115869320.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161109-00191-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976682 | 120 | [
0.7852,
0.9559,
0.9516
] |
There are several people on Facebook whose updates I would like to read, but I don’t necessarily want to be “friends” with them.
Enter Facebook’s “Follow” button. If a user displays a “Follow” button on his or her profile, you can see their public updates in your News Feed, much like when you follow someone on Twitter and their updates display in your Twitter steam.
The key thing to remember when you follow (subscribe to) someone’s updates is that you’ll only see their PUBLIC updates.
How to make the “Follow” button show on your own profile
This is currently an optional feature, so you’ll need to activate it. The easiest way is to log in to your Facebook account and click http://www.facebook.com/about/follow. You’ll see a screen that looks like this:
You can customize your follower settings any time by clicking the gear icon in the top righthand corner of your Facebook account.
- Select “Account Settings” and then click “Followers” in the lefthand sidebar.
- Click the radio button to “Turn on Follow.”
- You can choose whether you want followers to be able to comment on your public updates, and whether you want to be notified when people follow you and when they share, like, or comment on your public posts.
- You can also decide whether you want search engines to index your personal Timeline profile, so people can more easily find and follow your public updates.
- At the very bottom of the “Follower Settings” there’s a little link that says, “Want to know what followers can see? View your public timeline.” I suggest clicking this link and then customizing the parts of your profile that you do and don’t want the public to see.
Note that when you allow people to follow your public updates, you can’t pick and choose who gets to subscribe. ANYONE who you haven’t blocked will be able to see your public updates in their News Feed.
How to determine whether an update is “public”
- Customize your account’s privacy settings http://www.facebook.com/settings/?tab=privacy.
- As you update your status, click the icon to the left of the blue “Post” button and choose the “Public” option. You can customize how every update you post displays.
How to follow a non-friend’s updates
If you visit someone else’s profile and want to follow their public updates, click their “Follow” button. If they allow the “Follow” option, you’ll see the button in the lower righthand portion of their cover photo, between “Add Friend” and “Message.”
After you click “Follow” the button will change to “Following.”
You can hover over the “Following” button and customize what types of updates you want to see, how often you want to see them, and whether you want to receive a notification when this person updates their Timeline.
You can also add them to an Interest List or unfollow them.
How to decipher the “See Which Updates?” option:
- All Updates = everything that person posts.
- Most Updates = the amount you’d normally see (this is rather vague, but I got it straight from the Facebook blog)
- Only Important = just highlights, like a new job or move
You can further customize this option by checking or unchecking the following options:
- Life Events
- Status Updates
- Comments and Likes
- Music and Videos
- Other Activity
Tweet This Post!
Here’s a ready-made tweet so you can share what you just learned:
How to follow the Facebook updates of people who aren’t your FB friends [Click to tweet] | <urn:uuid:d00c4e2e-24f8-4178-ab8c-e5c57680447b> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://bloggingbistro.com/how-to-subscribe-to-facebook-updates-of-non-friends-tutorial/ | 2015-01-28T16:10:21Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121983086.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175303-00095-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.890994 | 849 | [
0.9488,
0.9339,
0.9327,
0.9245,
0.8616,
0.9002,
0.5945,
0.6815,
0.9476,
0.946,
0.9335,
0.91,
0.9189,
0.4321,
0.9294,
0.9466,
0.9146,
0.6851,
0.953,
0.913,
0.9286,
0.9058,
0.9331,
0.85,
0.931,
0.8288,
0.7443,
0.442,
0.7347,
0.7666,
0.0572,
0.9341,
0.2916
] |
June 20, 2012
Panthers not interested in Burress
Plaxico Burress wants to play for the Carolina Panthers. But the Panthers apparently don't want Burress.
Burress, the 6-foot-5 wideout who is arguably the biggest free agent still unsigned, told WFNZ on Tuesday that Charlotte is his preferred destination because of his family in the area and the Panthers' offensive arsenal.
But a team official, speaking on condition of anonymity, said Wednesday the Panthers are not interested in signing Burress, who returned to the NFL with the New York Jets last season after serving nearly two years in prison on a weapons charge in New York.
Attempts to reach Drew Rosenhaus, Burress' agent, were unsuccessful.
“My brother lives right there in Charlotte, my cousin lives there in Charlotte, and all my family is there in Columbia, South Carolina. It would just be a great situation all the way around,” Burress told WFNZ.
“Not just that, but playing with Cam (Newton), who I think is one of the top five quarterbacks in all of football, and as long as I can remember Steve Smith has been one of my favorites. I just think it's a great situation.”
A pair of third-year receivers – Brandon LaFell and David Gettis – are the Panthers' top wideouts after Smith, who earned his fifth Pro Bowl berth last season.
The Panthers were interested in acquiring former Houston receiver Jacoby Jones in May before Jones signed a two-year deal with Baltimore. But Jones is younger and has less baggage than Burress, who turns 35 in August.
Burress caught 45 passes for 612 yards and eight touchdowns last season with the Jets.
Posted by Observer Sports on June 20, 2012 at 08:00 PM | Permalink
Just saying, but you guys are quite possibly the slowest Panther news source on planet earth.
Posted by: TJ | Jun 20, 2012 8:15:03 PM
My goodness, this possible pickup sounds like a steal. Espacially if he agrees to come in cheap. Heck, give em' a chance to prove himself. Might regret it if you don't Mr staff member that makes this decision
Posted by: Clay | Jun 20, 2012 8:26:45 PM
John Clayton is reporting that the Panthers will liokely sign Burress.
Posted by: Billy Taylor | Jun 20, 2012 8:28:09 PM
I'm with management on this one - at 35 he's taking reps from someone who needs the experience. I'd be respectful, as the guy has been through a lot, but definitely not a good match for here. He needs to go to a team that doesn't have a gaggle of young receivers. Good player, bad match for Carolina (IMO)
Posted by: Panthernyut | Jun 20, 2012 8:30:42 PM
Hey, it couldn't hurt. Big reliable target out there kinda like Moose and we know what Moose could do on the field.
If they go with this it'll be Smith, Burress, Layfell, Gettis, and punt returner Abrams. Pliaras as other returner and backup. Fully functional and healthy this would be a MEAN recieving core to an already reliable and stunning TE set. Go for it front office!! If he acts up, get rid of em' ..that simple LOL
Posted by: Clay | Jun 20, 2012 8:33:52 PM
Training Camp will determine it, if LaFell and Gettis step up do not sign him if not he is a step up even at 35
Posted by: Gunny Highway | Jun 20, 2012 8:44:48 PM
If only Burress was a good a teammate and leader as Moose was. We all know that's not the case. The coaching staff clearly believes in LaFell and Gettis and bringing in a guy like Plax could hurt their development. Not to mention Adams and Pilares could be dangerous guys in the slot as well as in the return game. Cam will make these guys better. We don't need Burress to have a dangerous WR corps.
Posted by: DB | Jun 20, 2012 8:47:46 PM
John Clayton said no such thing.
The Panthers mostly work out of 3 wr sets with 2 te's and a rb. Unless we change from that with shockey not here, a wr gets injured, or Rivera starts to hate gettis or laffell, I dont see it happening. It would be Keyshawn all over again.
Posted by: Gret | Jun 20, 2012 8:53:04 PM
Keyshawn was good. Problem was he had to retire early because they put so much faith in Jarrett and we saw how that turned out. I never saw a problem with having Keyshawn. Shoulda kept him at least one more year than we did
Posted by: Clay | Jun 20, 2012 9:01:35 PM
If the Panthers want a great receiver, they should try to obtain Percy Harvin from the Vikings. He wants out of Minnesota and is trying to force a trade. I would give up a 2nd round pick and maybe a non-essential player for him that will not be starting this year.
Posted by: Randy | Jun 20, 2012 9:46:35 PM
Maybe trade them Armanti Edwards with a packaged future draft pick.
Posted by: Randy | Jun 20, 2012 9:47:54 PM
The only problem with Keyshawn was when Jake threw horrible interceptions and he wouldn't take the blame for it!
Posted by: joe cool | Jun 20, 2012 10:27:57 PM
Keyshawn wasn't the problem, but he also wasn't the missing piece to our Super Bowl puzzle as a lot of people thought he would be. Yes, a lot of that had to do with the fall of Delhomme and various injuries, but still. I think it's pretty clear LaFell and Gettis are nothing like Jarrett though. Whether they pan out is still to be determined, but at least they want it. Jarrett had talent but never seemed to care.
Posted by: DB | Jun 20, 2012 10:36:40 PM
Please sing Burress, esp if he comes for dirt cheap. Someone may have faith in Gettis and Lefell but I sure as heck don't. We've given both a chance and neither would start on another squad. We haven't had a second receiver since Moose and that is the truth. I think Plexico has learned from his mistake (he wouldn't have gone to jail for it outside NYC). He is 6ft6in and while not a Steve Smith type star he is the perfect guy you want on the field to catch in the back of the endzone b/c of his height and good hands. I had him on my fantasy squad and he racked up a good amount of TDs.
Posted by: Scott | Jun 20, 2012 10:48:01 PM
Diamond in the rough, cant hurt.....
Posted by: alias1333 | Jun 20, 2012 11:13:53 PM
typical Panthers - WHY NOT SEE IF IT **COULD** WORK? How about JUST for redzone/4 receiver sets?
Cmon, please try to do SOMETHING risky FOR ONCE (besides trading draft picks for unproven players like Armanti Edwards)
Posted by: PantherFan | Jun 20, 2012 11:39:12 PM
I dont understand why we are never aggressivde with anything. I would give him a shot. The more weapons you have the better chance our offense has. Where is ownership and GM at because you have to learn the hard way about things in which we did like with peppers. Why do you think teams make it far, because they go and are aggressive.
Posted by: Cody Clanton | Jun 20, 2012 11:41:35 PM
I think that we sign him for league minimum with incentives, which is what every player should be.
Deals such as that would make a league of 'always' players and everyone would be rewarded for their current performance, like the rest of the world.
Would make for GREAT sports perfomances for the FANS that pay the bills!!!!
Posted by: SLCan | Jun 20, 2012 11:52:55 PM
I missed the part where anyone from the Panthers organization said they weren't interested.
Posted by: Likwit | Jun 20, 2012 11:53:48 PM
Man, sounds like a good deal, id pounce on it......
Posted by: alias1333 | Jun 21, 2012 12:28:16 AM
ok SLCan, It sounds like you are Spiderman in part 1, "I missed the part where that is my problem.."
Posted by: alias1333 | Jun 21, 2012 12:30:51 AM
harvin would be nice..but he has migraine problems that sideline him from time to time
Posted by: james | Jun 21, 2012 12:54:40 AM
did our offense look like it needed help last year? I missed that part. and it actually is getting some help with gettis, barnridge healthy....tolbert, a few other young'ns, hopefully some youth and health on the line...etc.
but we don't need to spend any more money on offense. points won't be a problem.
if somebody gets hurt, he's one of many options, but even if 1 of our non-steve smith receivers gets hurt, you'll hardly notice. more likely they sign shockey.
Posted by: charlottean | Jun 21, 2012 3:47:26 AM
This would be a great signing....
....Plax plays safety, right?
Posted by: Cman2 | Jun 21, 2012 6:18:42 AM
HAHA, you couldn't be more right!
I say we sign him and see what he can do. He may be 34 in his actual age, but he's 32 in NFL age. I think it would be nice to have the option for a nice back corner fade route for a TD, then risking Cam's health by having him pound the ball in himself. I know we have Tolbert now for that, but still. Im ok with either decision, but it would be cool to have him playing for the panthers.
Heck, maybe we could just sign T.O. He is a proven leader in the locker room and he loves visiting kids in the hospital... hahaha, what a bad person...
Posted by: Andy | Jun 21, 2012 6:23:49 AM
The comments to this entry are closed. | <urn:uuid:be098089-0278-4799-8b73-3ece79eb5494> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://blogs.charlotte.com/panthers/2012/06/panthers-not-interested-in-burress.html | 2015-01-28T16:15:20Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121983086.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175303-00095-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976099 | 2,244 | [
0.2071,
0.9002,
0.9556,
0.9592,
0.951,
0.946,
0.941,
0.9424,
0.9576,
0.9554,
0.9605,
0.0312,
0.8022,
0.0832,
0.9314,
0.0848,
0.951,
0.0962,
0.9483,
0.1073,
0.9556,
0.9089,
0.0851,
0.9335,
0.0949,
0.9527,
0.0839,
0.9256,
0.9478,
0.0883,
0.9491,
0.0823,
0.9565,
0.0829,
0.9456,
0.0836,
0.913,
0.0925,
0.9533,
0.0809,
0.9485,
0.083,
0.9322,
0.096,
0.9176,
0.8616,
0.1059,
0.9439,
0.1076,
0.953,
0.9449,
0.0981,
0.0938,
0.9485,
0.0944,
0.9393,
0.0898,
0.9485,
0.0898,
0.9449,
0.0752,
0.9556,
0.9535,
0.9371,
0.1014,
0.944,
0.9272,
0.1023,
0.923,
0.953,
0.9148,
0.0835,
0.3132
] |
When Democratic strategists scratch their pointy heads, searching for places where their party might pick up House seats in November, they do not typically look to the South. For Democrats, after all, the South has for decades been a region not of opportunities but of slow-motion disasters. The Republican Revolution came from thereabouts. So did Bob Barr. Tom DeLay is from the South. Newt Gingrich is from the South. Now, California--there's a winner, a state where new people register Democrat practically every minute, a golden land of opportunity where photogenic Latinas (like Congresswoman Lorretta Sanchez) can knock off blustery right-wingers (like former Congressman Bob Dornan) on Ronald Reagan's old redoubt (Orange County). In other words, such strategists might say, screw the South.
Mike Taylor would rather they didn't. In 1998 Taylor ran against Representative Robin Hayes, an entrenched Republican incumbent, in North Carolina's eighth district. "I had never run before," recalls Taylor. "I was running against one of the best-funded, best-organized politicians in North Carolina. I got outspent by over four to one. The race was totally written off, and I was pretty much totally ignored. They expected it to be a two-to-one blowout." But Taylor took 48 percent of the vote to Hayes's bare 51 percent majority--one of the closest races in the country. "Two days after the election," says Taylor, "I got calls from the Democratic leadership, and they said, 'We blew it.'"
Not this time. In the past year, House Minority Whip David Bonior and Minority Leader Dick Gephardt have both held fundraisers for Taylor, helping him amass a sizable war chest. The local Democratic and labor leadership have gotten behind him, as has the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee, which will pour roughly $624,000 into the race between now and election day. In a few weeks, Taylor and Hayes will again go to the polls--and this year, the Democrat might actually win.
Taylor isn't alone. For the first time since the 1970s, Democrats may actually win back seats in the South--even in the deep South, and even against well-financed incumbents like Hayes. In Alabama political semi-novice Marsha Folsom (the wife of former Governor Jim Folsom, Jr.) has raised as much cash as Representative Bob Aderholt and is locked in a tight race. Democrat Mike Ross stands a good chance of knocking off Representative Jay Dickey, a four-term Republican from Bill Clinton's home district in Arkansas. Kentucky's Representative Ernie Fletcher, a Republican, and Scotty Baesler, a former Democratic congressman, are in a dead heat. In Florida, a state more politically and demographically balanced than most of the South, Democrats like Elaine Bloom and Linda Chapin are well ahead of their Republican opponents.
All in all, predicts Hastings Wyman, editor of the Southern Political Report, a Democratic pick-up of four or more seats--roughly half of what the party needs to retake the House--is "a reasonable expectation." But what's even more striking is that these southern Democrats are winning back voters with national Democratic themes.
For instance, Al Gore likes to call his platform an "agenda for America's working families." Folsom calls hers "Marsha Folsom's agenda for working families." Mike Taylor "supports smaller class sizes, more teachers, increased school construction, and a return of values and discipline to our classrooms so teachers can teach and children can learn"--all of which have been championed, often in the exact same words, by Gore. And where Gore boasts that he's "stood up to the big drug companies, the big oil companies, the insurance companies, and the HMOs," Mike Ross reminds voters that "in the State Capitol, I took on the insurance companies to make rural health care more affordable." Likewise, Georgia candidate Jim Marshall promises to "keep fighting for you against the drug companies, the big insurance companies, the HMOs, and anyone else who isn't doing right by working families." (Kentucky's Baesler, no slouch in this department, criticizes the "huge insurance and drug companies," as opposed to the merely big ones.)
Nor is the similarity merely rhetorical. Prescription drug benefits for the elderly are a major issue in nearly all the campaigns, just as in the presidential race between Gore and George W. Bush. So are saving Social Security (by putting more money into it), spending more on public schools, passing a patients' bill of rights, and even campaign finance reform.
One key reason for the turnaround is that these candidates--like southern Democrats generally--are no longer hobbled by the single biggest cause of Democratic decline in the South: race. For decades after the civil rights era, southern Republicans successfully exploited white racial fears to splinter the kinds of biracial coalitions that elected Democrats in other parts of the country--a strategy perfectly suited to the South, where most states have large black populations (22 percent in North Carolina, 25 percent in Alabama, and 16 percent in Arkansas, to take three examples). None of the Republican incumbents challenged this year have resorted to Jesse Helms-style wedge campaigns, and it's not likely it would work if they did. (In 1998 several Republicans tried, but with disastrous results.) Most of the Democratic challengers are drawing significant biracial support, as did the four Democrats currently residing in Alabama's, Georgia's, Mississippi's, and South Carolina's governor's mansions. In almost every case, the Democrats have been bleeding white votes from Republican incumbents while maintaining or boosting black turnout.
That's not to say they've all become southern-fried Ted Kennedys. None of the candidates is outspokenly liberal on race; it's just that race, as a political issue, isn't on the table. Folsom supports both increased public school spending and student-led prayer at school functions. Taylor, the son of a southern Baptist preacher and the grandson of Confederate Army veterans, is pro-life, is endorsed by the fiscally conservative Blue Dog Coalition, and considers himself--as he puts it--"a defender of the Second Amendment." But you won't hear much about it on the campaign trail (or in the campaign literature, for that matter). "I'm proud to be a southerner," says Taylor. "But southerners are no different than other Americans in that they are mostly working families. They want good education for their children; they want a secure retirement."
Of course, Gore, too, was once a southern Democrat. He, too, once ran for Congress with relatively conservative social views. And as Republicans and Bill Bradley often carped during the first few months of the presidential campaign, Congressman Gore opposed federal funding for abortion, received "A" ratings from the National Rifle Association, and opposed gay rights. (Gore, like his father, Al Gore, Sr., was quite liberal on racial issues.) Though Gore moved to the left on guns, abortion, tobacco, and gay rights as he rose to prominence as a national Democrat, his current attacks on the big interests echo another regional tradition: southern populism, particularly the kind practiced by his father. And on issues like crime, welfare, and deficit reduction, Gore and Bill Clinton have themselves moved their party to the right of the national party and, not coincidentally, closer to the southern view of things.
Thus it's hard to tell whether southern Democrats are becoming more like national Democrats, or vice versa. Some observers, like Hastings Wyman and the University of North Carolina's Ferrel Guillory, split the difference: The two groups, they say, are undergoing a "convergence." On the one hand, immigration and suburbanization have made the South more demographically similar to the rest of the country while economic growth and white acceptance of black civil rights have lessened racial tension; on the other hand, the Democratic Party has itself become more centrist during the Clinton-Gore years.
But what are they converging on? Support for the death penalty may have made Clinton and Gore more credible as an early 1990s Democratic White House ticket. And opposition to abortion may make Folsom, Ross, Taylor, and the rest credible among conservative southern voters. But these moves may best be seen as defensive, while it's the harnessing of traditional Democratic themes that has actually advanced these campaigns. Referring to Gore's "working families" campaign as "populism," after all, is a little imprecise. Unlike a true southern populist's agenda, Gore's tirades against "big interests" aren't fueled by any deep hostility toward big business; Gore's solutions, and those of Democratic challengers in the South, are basically regulatory, not root-and-branch attacks on the corporate order.
More significantly, the southerners' proposals for public schools, Social Security, and Medicare are deeply liberal and traditionally Democratic in their premise: that government can and should play a large, even fundamental role in Americans' daily lives. Today these are called pocketbook issues or, as Taylor likes to say, "kitchen table" issues. But in another, more innocent age, these kinds of issues fell under a different rubric: class. As Gore has discovered, there is not only more cross-regional solidarity than most Republicans and a lot of Democrats realize, but perhaps more interracial solidarity than the South has ever enjoyed. In other words, class is beginning to trump race for perhaps the first time in southern history. ¤
You may also like:
You need to be logged in to comment.
(If there's one thing we know about comment trolls, it's that they're lazy) | <urn:uuid:2b585e55-4449-4720-b4ce-678a2f102236> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://prospect.org/article/southern-comfort-0 | 2015-01-28T16:26:44Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121983086.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175303-00095-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967105 | 2,012 | [
0.9314,
0.947,
0.9542,
0.9536,
0.9573,
0.9466,
0.9568,
0.9463,
0.9465,
0.9421,
0.9516,
0.9448,
0.9395,
0.4886,
0.0653,
0.7841
] |
"La sirga" is a thoroughly engrossing art film committed more to ambiguity than to clarity, and as much to sound as to image.
Failing as both a mock-doc and a leftist tract, Swiss director Nicolas Wadimoff's wishy-washy "Operation Libertad" follows young '70s-era Zurich revolutionaries whose ambiguously courageous attempt…
The opposite of illuminating, "A Special Day" merely trails, through Cannes' Palais des Festivals, the three dozen or so filmmakers who contributed shorts to the omnibus pic "To Each His Own Cinema"…
A shocker of a remake, equal parts stylish and scuzzy, "Maniac" only marginally softens the grindhouse sleaze of William Lustig's 1980 original.
Audaciously giving itself license to do whatever it wants, Leos Carax's narratively unhinged, beautifully shot and frequently hilarious "Holy Motors" coheres -- arguably, anyway -- into a vivid jaunt…
The running joke that Jerry Lewis gets more buddy love in France than at home is part of what drives producer-director Gregg Barson's besotted but sharply crafted "Method to the Madness of Jerry…
Director Argento half-heartedly mixes schlocky 3D f/x with one-dimensional characters for a near-two-hour joke that ought to have been funnier.
Fully immodest and intermittently astonishing, Xavier Dolan's epic melodrama "Laurence Anyways" charts a male-to-female transsexual's tumultuous relationship with a straight woman but stands to…
More than another fawning ode to a legendary director (though it is certainly that), Laurent Bouzereau's supremely subservient docu "Roman Polanski: A Film Memoir" sets out to rehabilitate its…
More admirable in theory than in practice, "The We and the I" finds pop-surrealist auteur Michel Gondry getting real with non-pro teen thesps, cast as chatty Bronx kids coming home from school on… | <urn:uuid:06144ef7-aa0c-49d6-a9b0-c6df40ddcecb> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://variety.com/author/rob-nelson/page/7/ | 2015-01-28T16:58:39Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121983086.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175303-00095-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.902743 | 429 | [
0.9512,
0.9247,
0.9554,
0.957,
0.9536,
0.94,
0.9504,
0.9359,
0.9329,
0.9529
] |
- Subscribe NowLimited Time Offer
Greater Boston landlords see rising fortunes
Apartment rents continued to surge in 2012, but can the growth be sustained?
The recovering economy caused rents in Greater Boston to increase in 2012 at a pace not seen in four years, according to new data from Reis (Nasdaq: REIS), a New York-based tracker of commercial real estate market information.
“It’s a simple rule of supply and demand” said Harold Brown, CEO of the Hamilton Co., one of the Hub’s largest landlords. “The two biggest drivers pushing rents are big demand and the lack of supply. Those factors are creating a perfect storm for landlords.”
The average monthly rent in the Boston area — including Somerville, Cambridge and Brookline — reached $1,825 in the fourth quarter, up from $1,772 for the same period in 2011, a 3 percent increase. The area saw its biggest increase last year since rents rose by 3.7 percent in 2008. In downtown Boston, asking rents increased by 3.2 percent to $2,861 a month from October through December, up from $2,745 at the end of 2011. That essentially doubled the pace of growth in the U.S. Consumer Price Index, which increased 1.7 percent in the past year.
Meanwhile, the apartment vacancy rate in Greater Boston dropped to 3.6 percent in the fourth quarter from 4 percent a year ago. In downtown Boston, vacancies were even tighter at 3.2 percent, falling from 3.4 percent at the close of 2011.
Reis surveys apartment buildings with 40 units or more, and its average rent figure is a blended number that includes studios through three-bedroom units.
The area’s spike in rents is consistent with what’s happening nationwide. The national average price was $1,097 in December, up from $1,064 at the end of 2011, a 3 percent rise. The nationwide apartment vacancy rate slipped to 4.5 percent in December 2012, down from 5.2 percent in the fourth quarter of 2011. New York continued to be the tightest rental market in the U.S. last quarter, with a 2.1 percent vacancy rate. It also had the highest average monthly rent — nearly $3,000.
If you are commenting using a Facebook account, your profile information may be displayed with your comment depending on your privacy settings. By leaving the 'Post to Facebook' box selected, your comment will be published to your Facebook profile in addition to the space below.
- Most popular
- First look: Check out the new renderings of Wynn’s Everett resort
- With Covidien-Medtronic merger final, attention turns to cost-cutting
- Judge to decide if Boston Scientific should pay $7.2B to JNJ
- Five things you don't know about Agios CEO David Schenkein
- What's going on with John Fish and Franklin Park's White Stadium?
- Boston 2024 seems to think 'Southie' is so 1997
- The making of Howie Carr Inc.
- Curis aims at cancer drugs that use the immune system, come in a pill
- Here's MGM Springfield's tentative construction timeline for casino
- Normandy planning $300M, 41-acre 'superpark' in Needham
Travel Sales Representative Audley Travel | Boston, MA
Audience Development Sales Professional Boston Business Journal | Boston, MA
CEO / President Massachusetts Society of Certified Public Accountants | Boston, MA
Data Center Solutions Architect Expedient Data Centers | Medford, MA
UX Designer American City Business Journals | Charlotte, NC | <urn:uuid:f9db4956-6bdf-4c7c-850a-fc3f019d21ad> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.bizjournals.com/boston/print-edition/2013/02/08/greater-boston-landlords-see-rising.html | 2015-01-28T16:28:30Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121983086.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175303-00095-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917393 | 762 | [
0.0726,
0.9415,
0.951,
0.9485,
0.9428,
0.9485,
0.949,
0.9526,
0.9512,
0.8824,
0.2519,
0.8835,
0.9327,
0.8742,
0.9265,
0.9509,
0.9002,
0.8331,
0.9398,
0.9335,
0.914,
0.4329,
0.3381,
0.4785,
0.3292,
0.3348
] |
This member hasn't added any personal information yet.
Leave SUFan45 a message to find out more.
Forum Post: "Wish I'd had pet insurance" story
Posted 09/17/2012 03:17:48 EDT
When we got out dog I looked into pet insurance & found it very confusing. We don't have a pure bred dog but some insurance companies have restictions on breed specific genetic conditions, plus the c more »
Forum Post: Things We Wanted To Say To Other Commuters
Posted 04/26/2011 01:56:03 EDT
Hey lady- I'm sure your book/paper is very interesting but can you stop reading while exiting the train, walking up the stairs, etc.? I'm tired of trying get past you to get out of the station. And I more »
Forum Post: Vendor Reviews - September 5th, 2010
Posted 11/24/2010 09:51:23 EST
Congrats that place looks beautiful. Can I ask where did you & your guest stay? more »
Forum Post: No gifts
Posted 08/24/2010 11:47:24 EDT
kargiver- I also enjoy giving gifts and think a lot about the receiver when I'm picking something out. However there are many people that also enjoy giving gifts and while they have good intentions o more »
©2015 Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC
Separate multiple addresses with a comma | <urn:uuid:d93e8c3b-8bcb-46f6-a37f-b7bbc52cb1d1> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.boston.com/community/user/forum-posts/5068289 | 2015-01-28T16:25:12Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121983086.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175303-00095-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959261 | 297 | [
0.9335,
0.9389,
0.8978,
0.122,
0.7749,
0.913,
0.1155,
0.8764,
0.4752,
0.1242,
0.8517,
0.766,
0.1105,
0.7234,
0.0092,
0.8126
] |
Nordic long/short fund launched
Wed Jan 19, 2011
A Swedish-based asset manager has launched a long/short equity fund aimed at offering investors a gateway into the Nordic market.
The daily traded Luxembourg-domiciled Catella Nordic Long
Short Equity has been launched by Stockholm-based asset manager
Stefhan Klang from Catella Fondförvaltning
ISSN: 2151-1845 / CDC10004H
The full contents of this article are available to active Absolute UCITS subscribers and trialists only.
TAKE A FREE TRIAL
To continue reading please, take a free trial or subscribe to Absolute UCITS.
Subscribers have unlimited access to all current content, including UCITS fund performance Live League Tables. Start your subscription today - click on the button below. | <urn:uuid:c024c6f9-cc0a-40df-85c6-c97183b3a031> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.hedgefundintelligence.com/Article/2752262/News-Archive/Nordic-longshort-fund-launched.html | 2015-01-28T16:11:52Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121983086.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175303-00095-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.835218 | 173 | [
0.9161,
0.2132,
0.9602,
0.6041,
0.9451,
0.1557,
0.0581,
0.6153,
0.1531,
0.3952,
0.2177
] |
About Me: Female, 22, adelaide, Australia, member since Sep 2008
Hi the names Yaz i luv tennis singing dancing , horror shows and action .. i luv lions,cats, and penguins ..but what i really hate is my anxiety its frustrating me alot.. i can be there for any one who needs me i can help out alot and im a caring and a loving person. lu
[More]v Yaz x If you just get to know me :)
The Content on this Site is presented in a summary fashion, and is intended to be used for educational and entertainment purposes only. It is not intended to be and should not be interpreted as medical advice or a diagnosis of any health or fitness problem, condition or disease; or a recommendation for a specific test, doctor, care provider, procedure, treatment plan, product, or course of action. Med Help International, Inc. is not a medical or healthcare provider and your use of this Site does not create a doctor / patient relationship. We disclaim all responsibility for the professional qualifications and licensing of, and services provided by, any physician or other health providers posting on or otherwise referred to on this Site and/or any Third Party Site. Never disregard the medical advice of your physician or health professional, or delay in seeking such advice, because of something you read on this Site. We offer this Site AS IS and without any warranties. By using this Site you agree to the following Terms and Conditions. If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your physician or 911 immediately. | <urn:uuid:ef3615fd-33e8-4420-ace5-ce4bab4f5654> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.medhelp.org/personal_pages/user/609553 | 2015-01-28T17:03:44Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121983086.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175303-00095-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924557 | 314 | [
0.6208,
0.8775,
0.2554,
0.0556
] |
Please select the size of the product.
Please enter valid quantity.
black suede 'Jacqueline' studded stacked heel ankle boots
We're sorry. This style is currently unavailable.
Gucci gives you sex appeal and structure in these killer ankle boots.
- Color: Black
- Soft, suede upper
- Seamed, rounded toe
- Side zip closure
- Leather lining
- Leather sole
- Godltone studded 3½'' stacked heel
- Shaft measures 6'' tall
- All measurements are approximate | <urn:uuid:243c97cd-b24d-496b-9a2d-ff3a71a77db3> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.bluefly.com/browse/f_quick_buy.jsp?productId=321416101&pdpUrl=/Gucci-black-suede-Jacqueline-studded-stacked-heel-ankle-boots/p/321416101/detail.fly | 2015-02-01T00:42:42Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115857200.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161057-00229-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.734153 | 113 | [
0.8821,
0.7254,
0.8779,
0.8731,
0.9556,
0.4165,
0.9369,
0.9023,
0.6465,
0.9132,
0.8757,
0.7507,
0.4552,
0.8824
] |
While Bella's dream day won't be re-created on the silver screen in "The Twilight Saga: Eclipse," one thing is for certain -- an engagement! We asked the industry's top experts to give us their ideas for Bella and Edward's pending nuptials. Take a look at the dramatic invitations, gorgeous cake and more stylish details they envisioned for the fairy-tale wedding.
The inspiration: "I was blinded by flashbulbs as we held the knife over a spectacular cake--too grand, I thought, for our relatively intimate group of friends and family." --Bella, in "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn"
The expert says: "We extended the 'spectacular' cake's height by elevating each tier with bands of sugar red roses. The color signifies blood, while the white icing matches the couple's skin. I didn't feel that Bella and Edward would respond to a white-on-white theme, and used chocolate frosting as the sensuous motif -- at least mortals respond very strongly to the scent of chocolate!" --Ron Ben-Israel, owner and baker, weddingcakes.com
(Altered image courtesy Ron Ben-Israel Cakes)
ShareBack to slideshow navigation
The inspiration: "Edward lay next to me and held my hand. 'August thirteenth?' he asked casually after a few minutes of comfortable silence." --Bella, in "The Twilight Saga: Eclipse"
The expert says: "This design captures the essence of Bella and Edward: dramatic and passionate with a hint of dark elegance. It incorporates a variety of printing techniques and materials, making it both complicated and harmonious, like their relationship. The color palette symbolizes the chemistry between them: red is passion and a nod to the vampires, while espresso is mysterious and gold represents luxury and elegance. Their relationship is so unique, their invitation had to match!" --Ceci Johnson, founder and creative director, cecinewyork.com
The inspiration: "I was distracted by the profusion of white blossoms that hung in garlands from everything in the room...dripping with long lines of white gossamer ribbons. But I tore my eyes from the bowery canopy and searched across the rows of satin-draped chairs...until I found him at last, standing before an arch overflowing with more flowers." --Bella, in "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn"
The expert says: "The passion between Bella and Edward is electrifying; their wedding needed to be just as magical and enthralling. Romance, fantasy and drama--each are key elements in the pair's extraordinary story and warranted creative interpretation filled with magnificent florals, shimmering stars, dreamlike fog and more. The couple's reception called for a change in mood after the ceremony--crystal chandeliers, floral candelabras, and spectacular lighting." --Preston Bailey, event designer, prestonbailey.com
(Courtesy Preston Bailey)
ShareBack to slideshow navigation
The inspiration: "I didn't realize I was crying until it was time to say the blinding words. 'I do,' I managed to choke out in a nearly unintelligible whisper... When it was his turn to speak, the words rang clear and victorious. 'I do,' he vowed." --Bella, in "The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn"
The expert says: "Bella's ring is romantic but unusual; the ornate gold vine design (with 372 white diamonds!) matches her complex personality. Edward's band is a mixture of gold and hidden rubies, which evoke his secret powers." --Neil Lane, jewelry designer, neillanejewelry.com | <urn:uuid:6479c2b9-6995-4535-ab19-42109bdb444c> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.today.com/id/38022511/ns/today-entertainment/ | 2015-02-01T00:35:11Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115857200.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161057-00229-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931278 | 756 | [
0.9565,
0.4313,
0.9008,
0.068,
0.0499,
0.4052,
0.8852,
0.5078,
0.9008,
0.0388,
0.0499,
0.5561,
0.7366
] |
The NRCC is the Republican Party's chief fundraising committee dedicated to electing Republican candidates to the U.S. House of Representatives. Totals here include expenditures made both by the main committee and by all its affiliated committees.
|Cash On Hand:||$2,538,302|
|Quality of Disclosure:|
NOTE: All the numbers on this page are for the 2010 election cycle and based on Federal Election Commission data released on May 20, 2011Feel free to distribute or cite this material, but please credit the Center for Responsive Politics. For permission to reprint for commercial uses, such as textbooks, contact the Center. | <urn:uuid:3933b825-3ace-4405-85d5-6650beb124ef> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.opensecrets.org/parties/totals.php?cycle=2010&cmte=NRCChttp:/www.opensecrets.org/parties/indus.php?cycle=2010&cmte=NRCC | 2015-01-25T12:26:58Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115899686.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161139-00179-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.897663 | 128 | [
0.9548,
0.0233,
0.0203,
0.0162
] |
(skip this header)
Tuesday, January 27, 2015
You can't shell out for everyone, but you don't want to offend, either. Here, a list of cheapish ways to bring them over to your side.
Reader Services: My account | Mobile | RSS feeds | Follow us on Twitter | Facebook | E-mail newsletters
Advertising Services: SEO by LocalEdge | PPC Management by Metrix4Media | Ad Choices
Send comments to [email protected]
© 2015 Hearst Seattle Media, LLC | <urn:uuid:7fa25b54-2c75-4d94-bfb5-2bd456706f77> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.seattlepi.com/news/slideshow/Esquire-s-Gifts-Under-25-That-Don-t-Suck-53505/photo-3853935.php | 2015-01-27T23:17:41Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122039674.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175359-00083-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.798441 | 113 | [
0.116,
0.2532,
0.9554,
0.0372,
0.0693,
0.5028,
0.0097
] |
Syracuse, N.Y. --Update: Police arrested three teenagers in connection with Friday night's stabbing at a Centro bus stop at South Salina and Fayette streets.
Syracuse police said the victim, Stephen Curtis, 17, of 105 Douglas St., was stabbed in the chest and suffered a punctured lung. He was taken to University Hospital and was in stable condition Saturday afternoon, according to Sgt. Tom Connellan.
Charged with first-degree gang assault and fourth-degree criminal possession of a weapon were Jikeya McBride, 18, of 315 Kenwood Ave., Syracuse; Eddie Ash, 16, of 51 Chapman Ave., Auburn; and Raychella Hamilton, 17, of 1813 E. Fayette St.
Connellan said the motive for the stabbing was a previous dispute between the four teens. He said the suspects jumped Curtis at the bus stop and then caught a cab after the incident. Police found the trio on East Fayette Street, he said.
Friday night, police reported that a man walked aboard a Centro bus after being stabbed at the main bus depot in downtown Syracuse.
Bus driver Sandra Willis-Jennings said the man was bleeding when he boarded at South Salina and Fayette streets shortly after 10:30 p.m. and asked her to call police.
"He kept saying, 'Hurry up, hurry up, I'm bleeding,'" she said. | <urn:uuid:8a2e3635-b71c-4d12-9004-a49af275c5a1> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2008/01/man_stabbed_at_bus_station_in.html | 2015-01-27T23:32:31Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122039674.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175359-00083-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969171 | 295 | [
0.9391,
0.9556,
0.9124,
0.9491,
0.9512,
0.9573,
0.9498
] |
Meet Your Board of Directors: Bill Gambrell
As a member of the Baptist Association of Christian Educators Board of Directors my role is as follows:
· Build a database of educators serving in the larger churches of the Convention.
· Establish relationships with these educators.
· Provide feedback to the Board from educators in the large churches of the Southern Baptist Convention.
· Help provide information and resources that will enhance their ministry.
· Share information regarding our Association.
· Encourage participation in the BACE blog and request input concerning information on the BACE website.
· Provide information concerning the annual meeting and encourage their attendance at the meeting.
· Enlist sponsors for the annual meeting.
By Bill Gambrell, Associate Pastor, Johnson Ferry Baptist Church | <urn:uuid:06e0a33a-6ff7-4f0c-8834-a73ab71e739a> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.baptisteducators.org/large-church-affinity-group/ | 2015-01-30T23:10:05Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115858727.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161058-00079-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.899473 | 155 | [
0.9086,
0.9532,
0.9324,
0.9301,
0.9456,
0.9475,
0.9385,
0.9433,
0.9499,
0.9375,
0.343
] |
Veteran turf runner Finnegans Wake has found a home in California, coming from off the pace once again to capture the $200,000 San Gabriel Stakes (gr. IIT) Jan. 3 at Santa Anita Park.
Order of Finish
|Pos||Horse / Age / Sex / TrueNicks / Pedigree||Jockey / Trainer||Margin||Earnings|
After breaking through with his first stakes victory in six tries, Dynamic Sky attempts to surpass $1 million in career earnings as one of the favorites in the $200,000 San Gabriel Stakes (gr. IIT) Jan. 3 at Santa Anita Park.
Not a factor in the Breeders' Cup Mile (gr. IT) earlier this month, Kaigun was an unstoppable force Nov. 28 after unleashing a mighty run through the Del Mar stretch to win the $250,750 Seabiscuit Handicap (gr. IIT).
Tom's Tribute, whose past two starts at Del Mar produced victories in the Eddie Read Stakes (gr. IT) and Del Mar Mile Handicap (gr. IIT), heads a staunch field of 10 expected for the grade II Seabiscuit Handicap Nov. 28.
If you watch Mike Smith in the post parade of the upcoming Nov. 1 Breeders' Cup Mile (gr. IT) at Santa Anita Park, don't be surprised to see him slouched a bit in the saddle, his feet dropped out of the irons.
Tonalist, the Belmont Stakes and Jockey Club Gold Cup winner, settled in at Santa Anita Park after Fed Ex flight the night of Oct. 28.
With two-time Horse of the Year Wise Dan sidelined after dominating back-to-back editions of the $2 million Breeders' Cup Mile (gr. IT), the Nov. 1 race drew a slew of contenders.
With two-time Horse of the Year Wise Dan sidelined after dominating back-to-back editions of the $2 million Breeders' Cup Mile (gr. IT), a slew of contenders pre-entered the turf event to be run Nov. 1 at Santa Anita.
Longines Kentucky Oaks (gr. I) winner Untapable, who suddenly looms as a possible favorite in the Breeders' Cup Distaff (gr. I) following the defection of Beholder, turned in a bullet five-furlong move at Santa Anita Oct. 19.
An overpowering 5 1/4-length winner of the Del Mar Handicap (gr. IIT) last month, Big John B returns for the John Henry Turf Championship (gr. IIT) at Santa Anita Sept. 28 against many of the same horses he beat previously.
Tom's Tribute took advantage of a slow start from heavy favorite Obviously to take the $250,000 Del Mar Mile (gr. IIT) by a length over Rock Me Baby with Handsome Mike another half-length back in third.
Winner of the past two editions of the Del Mar Mile (gr. IIT), the speedster Obviously goes for a three-peat on the turf as part of the TVG Pacific Classic undercard Aug. 24 at the seaside track.
After exchanging tight decisions in two recent starts this spring, Fire With Fire and Quick Casablanca clash for a third time in the $200,000 Del Mar Handicap (gr. IIT) Aug. 23 on the Del Mar turf.
Tom's Tribute became a grade I winner July 20 when he held even-money favorite Summer Front safe through the homestretch to register a 1 1/4-length victory in the $300,000 Eddie Read Stakes on the Del Mar turf.
Unsuccessful in six previous tries at the grade I level, Summer Front is well-positioned to break through as part of a small field in the $300,000 Eddie Read Stakes, the first top-level race of the Del Mar season July 20.
A change of venue didn't bother Obviously, who for the second straight year cruised to an easy win in the Shoemaker Mile Stakes (gr. IT) June 14 at Santa Anita Park.
TimeformUS Weekend Stakes Plays for the Shoemaker Mile and the Stephen Foster. read blog
Fresh off a front-running romp in the American Stakes one month ago, Obviously faces fellow grade I winner Winning Prize and several other talented older runners in the $400,000 Shoemaker Mile (gr. IT) June 14 at Santa Anita.
Five Iron shot to a 19-1 upset in the $150,000 Fort Marcy Stakes (gr. IIIT) at Belmont Park when favored Ghurair failed to fire in his United States debut in one of two graded stakes on the turf on the Derby day card May 3.
Irish Mission and Orion Moon, both from the barn of trainer Christophe Clement, face off at Belmont Park in the $150,000 Beaugay (gr. IIIT), one of two graded turf stakes on the New York track's May 3 Kentucky Derby card.
Jerry Hollendorfer has a trio of older runners set to go in the San Franciso Mile (gr. IIIT) April 26, led by Summer Hit, as the Hall of Fame trainer attempts to win Northern California's top grass race for the third time.
Waterford Stable's Summer Front will try to win the Miami Mile Handicap (gr. IIIT) for a second straight year when the 5-year-old son of War Front faces an expected 13 rivals in the April 19 race.
Next to last going to the far turn under Mike Smith, Tom's Tribute came roaring down the stretch to win the $75,000 Thunder Road Stakes at Santa Anita Park while equaling Wise Dan's course record for a mile on turf.
Lochte, impressive 39-1 winner of the Feb. 9 Gulfstream Park Turf Handicap (gr. IT), will attempt to repeat his success in his first trip to California when he faces nine others in the March 8 Frank E. Kilroe Mile (gr.IT).
Crossed Sabres Farm's Lochte charged up the rail and pulled off a huge shock in the $300,000 Gulfstream Park Turf Handicap (gr. IT) Feb. 9, scoring a 2 3/4-length win at 39-1 odds as the longest shot in the field.
More Race Results
- On this Date
Upcoming Stakes Entries
|Rego Park S.||AQU|
|H. Allen Jerkens S.||GP|
|Martha Washington S.||OP| | <urn:uuid:be85fa26-a248-44ba-825c-aa0ee3666440> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/race/USA/DMR/2014/7/20/5/eddie-read-s-gr-i | 2015-01-30T23:58:38Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115858727.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161058-00079-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.905942 | 1,382 | [
0.9581,
0.7612,
0.018,
0.9545,
0.9556,
0.9581,
0.9568,
0.9556,
0.9554,
0.9539,
0.9545,
0.9587,
0.9529,
0.9548,
0.9568,
0.9579,
0.9573,
0.9579,
0.1269,
0.9565,
0.9556,
0.9548,
0.9568,
0.9576,
0.9533,
0.9579,
0.9539,
0.5791,
0.0677,
0.9032,
0.024,
0.0152,
0.0141
] |
Reader Reaction: Best and Worst Corvette Mods
Right now there are countless aftermarket companies that create parts for all generations of Corvettes – it’s a great time to be a Corvette fan! With the health of the market going strong and more options than one could ever put on just one car, you have to wonder where to start. For this week’s Reader Reaction, we asked our faithful readers what they thought were the three best and three worst mods you can do to a new Corvette.
As we learned last week, there is a difference of opinion among Corvette owners when it comes to modding – a surprisingly large difference of opinion as a matter of fact. Regardless, even if someone doesn’t like the mods one owner chose for his or her Corvette, you still have to respect the beauty of the car itself. While we received a large selection of the best and worst mods to do to a new Corvette, we had to pick and choose to bring you the best from the list of options!
The Best Mods:
According to our readers, these are some of the mods they find to be most important when modding a new, or new-to-them, Corvette. Some of these mods you may see featured on a C7 in some upcoming articles – stay tuned.
- Intake: The majority of our readers suggested this as a mod they see as being very important, and who can blame them? Cold air intakes are a great way to add some extra power, help the motor breathe easier, clean up the engine bay, and add a nice throaty sound from under the hood. Plus, most intake systems offer a washable and reusable air filter which can save money over the long run.
Exhaust: We had an overwhelmingly high number of readers suggest this as their favorite mod. There is definitely virtue here because in my humble opinion, nothing sounds like a Corvette – so why not make it sound even better? Exhaust kits will add some power, some visual flare, and help you hear all those horses you worked so hard to get! In the words of Jesse James, “If you can’t hear it before you see it, you shouldn’t be in it!”
- Headers: Headers will really add some power, especially when combined with an intake and exhaust, so it is no wonder our readers thought they were important. Headers are normally not seen (unless the hood is up), but will make a difference the driver will feel. A great mod for the serious Corvette enthusiast.
- Forced Induction: Turbos and superchargers are definitely a bit more serious of a mod considering the expense and work required to install, but they are most definitely worth it! Many of our readers thought forced induction options would be their mods of choice – including custom tuning from some of the industry’s biggest names.
- Suspension: A few readers suggested modding the suspension, whether it be to stiffen up the vehicle for handling purposes or simply by lowering the vehicle for appearance reasons. This is definitely a great mod to get – especially if the owner plans to do a bit of performance, or spirited, driving.
The Worst Mods:
Everyone has their opinions, but our readers were happy to give us their’s when it came to bad mods on Vettes.
- Painting Wheels Black: This one was shocking to us because black wheels have really gained in popularity over the past five or so years – so much so in fact, that a huge portion of car enthusiasts will Plasti Dip or paint their wheels black as soon as purchasing their car. OEM’s have even caught on and you can purchase all kinds of new vehicles with black wheels. These readers had no problem with the idea of purchasing aftermarket wheels in any other color, they just had trouble with Corvette wheels being black – including those found on the Z51-equipped C7. Considering how many black-wheel equipped Vettes we see here at Corvette Online, this was a very surprising response. Maybe the black wheel supporters just didn’t speak up!
- Oversized Wings/Spoilers: These definitely require either an acquired taste or a specific purpose. While wings and spoilers are very popular in other enthusiast groups, there does not seem to be much adoption of them in Corvette circles. While it isn’t exactly the huge style our readers were talking about, a standard Z51 or Z06 wing on the new C7 looks pretty darn cool!
Tacky Body Mods: We had numerous readers mention body mods ranging from poorly re-painted Vettes to stick-on vents and badges. What really stuck out to us was the stick on vents and badges because over the last few years those have gotten incredibly popular, for reasons unknown to us. Some OEM’s, like Buick, include the stick on vents on new cars! It is rather amazing that these things have gained so much popularity. To get some of your own, head to your local Wal-Mart.
Well that sums up the best and worst mods our readers submitted to us. If you have even more ideas, comment below! | <urn:uuid:b79335f4-473d-4b6f-b90b-5fa225c38bc5> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.corvetteonline.com/news/reader-reaction-best-worst-corvette-mods/ | 2015-01-30T23:22:45Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115858727.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161058-00079-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962272 | 1,053 | [
0.914,
0.9536,
0.951,
0.8457,
0.9512,
0.9483,
0.9448,
0.9435,
0.9353,
0.9493,
0.8358,
0.9515,
0.9373,
0.9486,
0.9449,
0.9247
] |
January 30 2015 Latest news:
Thursday, May 1, 2014
King’s Lynn Town Reserves are celebrating a sensational fourth title triumph in a row.
The Linnets’ second string have chased down long-term Peterborough Premier Division leaders Netherton United and have secured a fourth successive promotion with a game to spare. Jonathan Hawes’ talented side – who will move up to Step Six of the non-league ladder and possibly be placed in the Thurlow Nunn First Division – benefitted from Netherton’s 1-1 draw with Whittlesey in midweek.
Defender Chris Ward said on Twitter: “Four league titles in four consecutive years! Doesn’t matter what level you play at, that takes some doing! #winners” | <urn:uuid:42385a65-14a1-4ed0-8896-8ab1a6f23b9d> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.edp24.co.uk/sport/kings-lynn-fc/joy_for_title_winning_king_s_lynn_town_reserves_as_they_gain_another_promotion_1_3580452 | 2015-01-30T23:21:11Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115858727.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161058-00079-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91629 | 165 | [
0.4068,
0.2329,
0.9568,
0.9573,
0.9111
] |
- ABOUT US
- Rights of Springs
Last week, in preparation for CEJ’s upcoming annual Future Generations Conference, True Wealth in a Green World, I viewed three films that address interrelated aspects of why a new jurisprudence is needed for the sake of true green wealth and the survival and flourishing of nature and the human spirit. I thought I would share these resources with you, even if you can’t personally attend our conference, and I encourage you to look for the highlights of each of the keynote presentations, Bill Belleville, Janelle Orsi, and Janie Barrera, on our website and on YouTube, as we plan on posting them shortly thereafter.
Animate Earth: Science, Intuition & Gaia by Stephan Harding, Coordinator of the Master of Science in Holistic Science at Schumacher College, invites consideration of the critical roles that intuition and holistic science play in healing our relationships with Earth. It argues for an expanded science that moves beyond mechanistic portrayals of nature so as to reveal nature as a sentient, living being rather than as dead, inert objects that are here for commodification. Its core premise that nature can be known by both science and intuition (yet acknowledging that Earth’s complex and intricate relationships are never fully known) supports CEJ’s position that humanity has a moral and legal responsibility to protect the entire Earth community which provides the basis of life for us and future generations. I invite you to check it out at www.animateearth.com.
A second recommended film is Green Fire: Aldo Leopold and a Land Ethic for Our Time. This is a documentary of the life and legacy of famed conservationist Aldo Leopold. Although Leopold’s Sand County Almanac was published posthumously in 1949, his land ethic philosophy continues to live in the work of people and organizations across the Earth. Leopold’s vision of a community that cares about both people and land is at the heart of creating laws and policies that transform the commodification of nature into a way of mutually enhancing relationships. One can purchase a copy at www.GreenFireMovie.com.
The Economics of Happiness is the story of the disturbing consequences of market globalization and how localization movements can reverse these trends. As Joanna Macy states, “(T)his film connects the dots between climate chaos, economic meltdown, and our own personal suffering. It presents the localization movement as a systemic alternative to corporate globalization, as well as a strategy that brings community and meaning to our lives.” This film is an in-depth analysis of the concepts that CEJ will be exploring in our upcoming True Wealth in a Green World conference. I invite you to visit www.theeconomics ofhappiness.org for more information.
Sr. Pat Siemen on Rights of Nature at TEDxJacksonville 2013View video full screen on YouTube.
Amendment 1 – Florida’s Water and Land LegacyCongratulations to all who worked so hard in support of Amendment 1 on the November 2014 ballot, which passed with 75% of votes in favor. The measure will dedicate about $1 billion annually for conservation purposes.
CEJ Events & PresentationsThe Myth & Magic of Florida Springs
featuring Margaret Ross Tolbert and Rick Kilby
Wednesday, January 28, 2015
A Rights of Nature Approach for Springs Protection
Jane Goddard and Rob Williams
Thursday, January 29, 2015
Santa Fe River Springs Protection Forum
Otter Springs, Trenton, FL
Building an Earth Democracy: Protecting the Rights of Mother Earth & Humanity
February 2-6, 2015
Doon Valley, Dehradun, India
Join Dr. Vandana Shiva, PhD, Dr. Mira Shiva, MD, and Sister Patricia Siemen, OP, JD for a residential workshop at Navdanya's Earth University to examine the Rights of Mother Earth, and the customs and laws that protect all inhabitants' rights of exist, regenerate, and thrive.
Contact: Dr. Vinod Bhatt - vinod (at) navdanya.net or Patricia Siemen - psiemen (at) barry.edu
Discover more at Navdanya.org.
Spring Field Trip
Saturday, April 25, 2015
Other EventsSave the Date!
Public Interest Environmental Conference
February 12-14, 2015
Details coming soon!
Save the Date!
Environmental and Earth Law Summit
April 9, 2015
Barry University School of Law
Details coming soon!
Learning to See Naturally ~ Nature Journaling WorkshopsVisit our nature journaling blog, Learning to See Naturally, for poems, photos, stories and other nature-inspired creative works from our workshop participants.
Tag Cloudadvocacy belonging climate change climate justice community culture earth Earth jurisprudence ecological justice Ecology ethic events Florida future generations history Lagoons & Estuaries Pat's Blog publications public trust resiliency Rights of Nature Rob Williams springs sustainability team water Wild Law words
- Global Plastic Production Rises, Recycling Lags January 28, 2015New Worldwatch Institute analysis explores trends in global plastic consumption and recyclingFor Immediate Release | January 28, 2015 | CONTACT GAELLE GOURMELONNotes to Editors: Journalists may obtain a complimentary copy of "Global Plastic Production Rises, Recycling Lags" by contacting Gaelle Gourmelon at [email protected]. About the […]Gaelle Gourmelon
- Global Plastic Production Rises, Recycling Lags January 28, 2015 | <urn:uuid:78ffbb0b-1123-41c5-9825-7454983fb4b1> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://earthjuris.org/2012/02/exploring-facets-of-true-wealth/ | 2015-01-30T07:51:36Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115926769.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161206-00167-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.881604 | 1,142 | [
0.098,
0.6909,
0.9579,
0.9466,
0.9404,
0.947,
0.1947,
0.9179,
0.6495,
0.8768,
0.2435,
0.944,
0.5602,
0.2377,
0.8269,
0.4028,
0.9347,
0.2284,
0.4337,
0.9524,
0.398,
0.6121,
0.9209,
0.2472,
0.1074,
0.9116,
0.2377,
0.8161,
0.7784,
0.9186,
0.206,
0.5028,
0.8161,
0.8399,
0.0182,
0.3197,
0.8141
] |
They only call to sell you something, right?
But no, that's not the only reason you might get a call.
Hello. Are you Robert Brown?
Yes. that's me.
This is Mark Hanson calling from MasterCard's security fraud division.
Do you have a MasterCard with the number: 5304-9892-7929-1807?
Wait, I have to get the card out. Hold on. Can you repeat the number?
It's MasterCard number 5304-9892-7929-1807. Expires 2/14. Issued by Flatirons Bank in Boulder.
Yes, that's my card.
Mr. Brown, we've noticed some unusual purchase activity on your MasterCard. Have you been traveling out of Colorado in the last week?
No, I haven't.
Have you recently purchased $549.45 in ammunition?
Have you recently purchased $468.58 worth of baby formula?
No, not that I know of.
We've been monitoring certain companies for some time, and these specific purchases from certain companies have triggered our fraud pattern detection.
Your card was improperly charged for these two purchases. The money improperly charged to your MasterCard will be refunded to you before your next billing cycle. When you look on your next statement, you will see two charges:
$549.45 in ammunition purchased at a WalMart in Aberdeen, Idaho.The call was a scam. Do not give your three-digit security code to anyone who says they're from your credit card company. Scammers might be able to steal the information from the front of your card, so they already know it when they call you. What they're fishing for is the security code on the back.
$468.58 worth of baby formula purchased at a Sam's Club in Eugene, Oregon.
If you see these purchases on your statement and there has been no refund issued to you before your next billing cycle, please call us.
You can reach us by calling the number on the back of your credit card. You can also go to our website at www.mastercard.us to visit our Fraud & Security page. You will find our email address and online submission forms.
Mr. Brown, let me give you the control number for this security transaction. Can you write it down?
Hold on. Ready.
The control number is 56-6881.
Use that number to refer to this security call.
If you have any questions, Mr. Brown, please do not hesitate to call or contact us via phone or email.
To verify that you possess the card, please read the three-digit security code on the back of your card. There is a four-digit printed number, and then a three-digit number just to the right of the four-digit number. We need your three-digit number.
Okay, wait. The three digit number. Hold on. Is it supposed to be a number?
Yes, it is a three digit number. There is a four-digit number, and then a three digit number. We just need your three-digit number.
Well, that's strange. I don't see any numbers. I just see letters.
They should be numbers.
No, no numbers at all. Just letters. Should I just read you the letters?
The numbers are located on the back of the card. They are to the right of the place for your authorized signature.
No, that's strange. They're definitely numbers. I can read them to you if you'd like.
Yes, letters only. Let me read them to you:
Your credit card company already knows the security code on your credit card. That's why they'll never ask you for it.
Also, most authorities suggest merely hanging up if they ask for this information.
(And before anyone asks, no I did not use my real credit card number. I got my fake yet valid credit card number from here: GetCreditCardNumbers>>)
- Boulder DA warning residents of new scam to obtain credit card security codes, Boulder Daily Camera>>
- Security Guard, Snopes>> | <urn:uuid:78975fe1-b6d1-4ba3-8241-c273816861b3> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.deceptology.com/2013/06/a-call-from-my-credit-card-company.html | 2015-01-30T07:52:02Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115926769.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161206-00167-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939289 | 862 | [
0.9439,
0.9556,
0.9483,
0.9404,
0.9486,
0.532,
0.9408,
0.4428,
0.944,
0.9617,
0.9408,
0.8969,
0.9047,
0.9406,
0.9587,
0.7952,
0.6434,
0.6525,
0.8855,
0.8395,
0.9476,
0.9381,
0.2261,
0.8694,
0.946,
0.9375,
0.9451,
0.9355,
0.946,
0.941,
0.9559,
0.9454,
0.9391,
0.9498,
0.9458,
0.9426,
0.2065,
0.235,
0.1515
] |
.....50th wedding anniversaryJuly 5 1991
Interesting that the date stamped on the front of the photograph says 12-15-90 but the caption written on the back says July 5, 1991. Obviously some sort of weird time warp! -- Carol Leigh
Considering they are standing next to a Christmas Tree I am guessing the date on the photo is correct.
They probably took it during the holidays and used it for their anniversary photo. No one likes dressin' up twice.
That Ed McMahon sure was a handsome fellow!
Post a Comment | <urn:uuid:3c5032eb-0feb-47ce-ae00-2f038f568279> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.forgottenbookmarks.com/2009/09/fiftieth.html?showComment=1252553612145 | 2015-01-30T07:54:48Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115926769.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161206-00167-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96073 | 111 | [
0.0442,
0.7908,
0.9545,
0.9551,
0.9377,
0.071
] |
THE 50th anniversary of the opening of a steelworks at Llanwern makes us remember just what a vital part this plant has played in the economy and recent history of Newport.
The site, which started life as Spencer Works before becoming Llanwern Steelworks was the force behind a major house building programme as the area became amagnet for workers.
Fromthe outset, with the £150 million spent on creating the steelworks, it represented a major investment in this area with thousands employed, initially in the construction of the vast site and then in the steelworks themselves.
When it opened there were 13,000 contractors and workers at the site. That is almost impossible to imagine today but it resulted in a vibrant local economy and busy Newport shopping centre.
Down the decades the plant was, and to some extent still is, a major employer.
Today of course the steelworks is a shadowof its former self, a symbol perhaps of how the local and Welsh economy has changed over the past half century.
The reliance on heavy industries has gone and today in Newport, Gwent and South- East Wales our economy is perhaps better in one way for being more diverse, but poorer in another, given that the modern industries do not employ workers by their hundreds.
In another twist, much of the former steelworks site is to become a major housing development, bringing once again hundreds of people to the area. | <urn:uuid:e10318cb-ffb2-4a62-a691-aa0c55836f7d> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.southwalesargus.co.uk/news/10008176.COMMENT__Fifty_years_of_Llanwern_steelworks_history/ | 2015-01-30T08:00:49Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115926769.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161206-00167-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97678 | 289 | [
0.9473,
0.9294,
0.9058,
0.9548,
0.9565,
0.9353,
0.9524,
0.96
] |
Ottawa County will conduct training and drills this week in conjunction with Spring Severe Weather Awareness Week.
A key activity during this statewide event will be the test of weather warning and dissemination and preparedness procedures. The test will be at 9:50 a.m. Wednesday.
The Ottawa County siren system will be activated for 3 minutes, with the sheriff’s dispatch broadcasting a test message to police, fire, and EMS departments. The county also will test the wireless emergency notification system, which activates cell phones, mobile devices, and email in the event of an emergency. | <urn:uuid:f2ec11ee-6c9a-467b-9d35-606115996482> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.toledoblade.com/East/2013/03/05/Weather-warning-test-planned-for-Wednesday.print | 2015-01-30T08:25:01Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115926769.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161206-00167-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91541 | 118 | [
0.957,
0.9579,
0.9451
] |
Drone skepticism is understandable. Drones sound similar to each other, like clouds look similar to each other. To discern one drone from another drone is an exercise to some extent. Perhaps that exercise is as meaningful or as meaningless as is the act of distinguishing clouds, or architectural columns, or hemlines, or glasses of a favorite beverage, or anything else that attracts one’s attention. What distinguishes a drone from those other things — for there is, to anyone who focuses on any one of those other things, or any other such things, something that distinguishes them — is that it is unlikely to draw attention. It doesn’t attract attention, the drone. It rewards attention, perhaps even requires attention.
A drone isn’t a song, not in the traditional sense. Perhaps the drone’s title, along with the brief liner note that occasionally accompanies a drone, is its lyric. Is a sad song about a dead friend the same song without the lyric? Is a drone any less meaningful if it gains meaning from the context the drone’s maker provides for it? Is a drone a song without a lyric, or is it a piece of program music, following a narrative that its audience agrees upon, even though it goes unspoken, unsung.
The Hairy Giant recorded this following drone (MP3):
The Hairy Giant’s drone is titled “Awake Room,” which appears to relate to the Giant’s impetus, which is described, in part, as follows:
This rather short piece of ambience creates the atmosphere of just waking up early one morning and catching a burst of orange light pouring through your window from the rising sun. Deep in the distance, the familiar sounds of lawnmowers and yard maintenance lull you back to sleep as you ponder the pleasant day that lay ahead.
This drone, indeed, follows that course. It suggests the sun slowly gaining power. It suggests the buzz of domestic labor. It perhaps even employs sonic artifacts of chores in its raw material — sounds recorded in one’s yard and transformed into art back inside one’s house. “Awake Room” is a thick burr of noise, but a slow one, neither uniform nor momentous. It may tell a story. It may encapsulte memories. It may aspire to describe a state of mind. But it is, first and foremost, a drone. | <urn:uuid:aae1a421-84ae-48a2-bcb9-b3aa8c39d6fc> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://disquiet.com/2011/08/ | 2015-01-31T10:03:36Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122080417.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175440-00071-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954141 | 497 | [
0.947,
0.9518,
0.949,
0.9556,
0.96,
0.9559
] |
(Almost a Gentleman)
They say a man's known by the company he keeps
I think that a lie and a scandal
'Cos I've mixed with company I didn't expect
At the seaside, in bed with a candle.
You can't judge a man by the corns on his chest
But you'll soon know his trade by his caddy
And you can't judge a woman by what she's got on
It's what she takes off proves a lady.
I'm a sailor, I am. People sing about me
When there's any rough weather I find it
But give me a place with the mast to my face
When I'm sick give me somewhere behind it.
My dad was a sailor from Plymouth, named Drake
One night on the Hoe he'd been sozzling
He said, "Marry me, Chuck," to a dear little duck
And I was their first little gosling.
I'm captain of my ship. I worked my way up
To the bridge of H.M.S. Renown
Then a gale blew a blast, swung me twice round the mast
Through the funnel I worked my way down.
I'm always kept busy when on the look out
Busy thinking of home and Eliza
And I hear that she's well on the look-out for me
In case I come home and surprise her.
On the last trip we took, all the cabins were booked
And an old gent was joining at Cadiz
So I wired from the ship, "Better cancel the trip
Have just given berth to two ladies."
That trip we had several big nobs on the ship
Amongst them was Hitler, the Great
And two Yiddisher sea gulls were flying above
And saying, "That's him, now aim straight."
One night off Hong Kong the wind was so strong
That fast to the mast I was pinned
So I made the ship stop, got a peppermint drop
And I very soon shifted the wind.
History repeats itself - radishes too
And once off the coast of Mombassy
I fell in the sea and a whale swallowed me
And I spent three whole days in its chassis.
We didn't agree - the whale tired of me
But I hoped and prayed I would get out whole
Then I found a way out - I sat inside its snout
And the whale blew me out of its spout-hole.
I've seen some strange sights in strange cities at nights
I've seen tattooed girls of all sizes
All with pictures tattooed on their - don't be so rude
And the boys looking on at cut prices.
I've seen female turks doing physical jerks
One fat girl I saw looked the best
She'd a small piece of lace, so you couldn't see her face
And some shells and a bead for the rest.
She bent this way and that as she wallowed in fat
Poor darling, she was in a plight
Every time the girl dipped all her cockle shells slipped
And we thought that the end was in sight.
Every sailor they say has a girl in each port
Wherever I dock I'm called 'Honey'
I get letters from dames all over the world
And most of them asking for money.
And to say that a sailor has one in each port
Well, that isn't fair, right or just
When I land on the quay there's a score after me
And you can't see my ankles for dust. | <urn:uuid:9aa490a3-fe8f-4b88-b56c-d8a18e32570a> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://monologues.co.uk/003/The_Sailor.htm | 2015-01-31T10:03:34Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122080417.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175440-00071-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974641 | 747 | [
0.8746,
0.929,
0.9041,
0.9461,
0.9454,
0.932,
0.9444,
0.9426,
0.8678,
0.9526,
0.9453,
0.9349,
0.9312,
0.948,
0.9146,
0.9424,
0.9602,
0.9518,
0.924,
0.9498,
0.9573,
0.951,
0.9369,
0.9605,
0.9318,
0.9359,
0.9329,
0.9361,
0.9294,
0.9412,
0.8735,
0.9483,
0.9359,
0.9404,
0.9166,
0.9568,
0.9568,
0.941,
0.9061,
0.941,
0.9554,
0.9573,
0.9556,
0.9556,
0.9513,
0.9576,
0.9565,
0.736,
0.9448,
0.0848,
0.9435,
0.9573,
0.9426,
0.8636,
0.9556,
0.9138,
0.952,
0.9166,
0.9324,
0.9421,
0.8592,
0.9072,
0.9439,
0.953,
0.9539
] |
News 16 - 30 of 40
The 'Red Riding Hood' actress and the 'Lincoln Lawyer' actor are reportedly inseparable when waiting for their luggage at Charles de Gaulle Airport.
Representative for Alexis Knapp has spoken out about the pregnancy rumor and insisted the actress is preparing to become a single mum with or without the actor's help.
Alexis Knapp, who is said due to give birth in June, has reportedly been spreading the words that the 'MacGruber' actor is the father of her first child.
Speaking in an interview, the 'Stop-Loss' actor admits he fears his love life appears on tabloids as he has to face tough questioning from his sick mother whenever she reads a new rumor.
Although the actress looks curvier than usual, her representative says, 'She's not pregnant.'
The singer reportedly looks for a new home to live with her son Bronx after announcing her separation from husband Pete Wentz.
Tom Dumont's wife gave birth to another baby boy on Saturday, February 19 and the happy parents name him Koa Thomas.
The movie starring Jesse Eisenberg is named Best Edited Feature Film at American Cinema Editors Awards which is also a good indicator for the upcoming Oscar.
'What you read is false', the 'Red Riding Hood' star has denied a report that she had split from Ryan Phillippe.
First reported hooking up in October 2010, the couple has now ended their romance but 'it's not a big deal for either of them.'
Actor RonReaco Lee's tweet confirms the show is axed, but Fox has not released an official announcement yet.
Phillippe was seen embracing the actress when recently visiting the set of her film 'Now' in Los Angeles.
Learning Witherspoon's engagement to Jim Toth, Phillippe states, 'I wish nothing but the best for the mother of my children.'
Laughing off reports that she is running for political office, the comedian claims he wasn't being serious when saying that statement.
Never confirming they are an item, Amanda Seyfried and Ryan Phillippe were pictured to pick up last-minute Christmas gifts after a lunch date in Los Angeles. | <urn:uuid:f85ea42f-6dbc-4b37-bb4f-c9baffc8bb42> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.aceshowbiz.com/celebrity/ryan_phillippe/news_2.html | 2015-01-31T10:46:25Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122080417.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175440-00071-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974139 | 456 | [
0.1777,
0.9545,
0.957,
0.9453,
0.9556,
0.9573,
0.9587,
0.9556,
0.9565,
0.9475,
0.9458,
0.9478,
0.9565,
0.9539,
0.947,
0.957
] |
Real-Time Marketing? How About Real-Time Sexy?
All this talk about real-time marketing, inappropriate tweets and Tiger Woods has us in serious need of a relaxing diversion. Well thanks to Victoria's Secret answering the question, "What is sexy?", with a bunch of lingerie-clad models prancing about, we have our diversion. Enjoy. | <urn:uuid:41092190-3f0e-4f7b-b80c-8ac442399390> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.adrants.com/2013/03/realtime-marketing-how-about-realtime.php | 2015-01-31T10:07:23Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122080417.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175440-00071-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925375 | 72 | [
0.8731,
0.88
] |
“Never,” answered Andrew passionately. “She is just beginning to lose some of her sensitiveness among us and this is the worst of all the things she has felt were between her and her people. It is the only thing he covered and hid from her. I’ll never tell her—I’ll go—and she will forget!” In his voice there was the note of finality that is unmistakable from man to man. He turned toward his room as he finished speaking.
“Then, boy,” said David as he held him back for a second in the bend of his arm, a tenderness in voice and clasp, “go if you must; but we’ve three days yet. The gods can get mighty busy in that many hours if they pull on a woman’s side—which they always do. Good night!”
LOVE’S HOME AND ANDREW SEVIER
And the Sabbath quiet which had descended on the frost-jeweled city the morning after the hunt found the Buchanan household still deep in close-shuttered sleep. Their fatigue demanded and was having its way in the processes of recuperation and they all slept on serenely.
Only Caroline Darrah was astir with the first deep notes of the early morning bells. Her awaking had come with a rush of pure, bubbling, unalloyed joy which turned her cheeks the hue of the rose, starred her eyes and melted her lips into heavenly curves. In her exquisite innocence it never dawned upon her that the moments spent in Andrew’s arms under the winter moon were any but those of rapturous betrothal and her love had flowered in confident happiness. It was well that she caught across the distance no hint of the battle that was being waged in the heart of Andrew Sevier, for the man in him fought (for her) with what he deemed his honor, almost to the death—but not quite, for some men hold as honor that which is strong sinewed with self-control, red blooded with courage, infiltrated with pride and ruthlessly cruel.
And so Caroline hummed David’s little serenade to herself as she dressed without Annette’s assistance and smiled at her own radiance reflected at her from her mirrors. She had just completed a most ravishing church toilet when she heard the major’s door close softly and she knew that now she would find him before his logs awaiting breakfast.
She blushed another tone more rosy and her eyes grew shy at the very thought of meeting his keen eyes that always quizzed her with such delight after one of her initiations into the sports or gaieties of this new country. But assuming her courage with her prayer-book, she softly descended the stairs, crossed the hall and stood beside his chair with a laugh of greeting.
“Well,” he demanded delightedly though in a guarded tone with a glance up as if at Mrs. Matilda’s and Phoebe’s closed doors, “did you catch your possum?”
“Yes—that is—no! I didn’t, but somebody did I think,” she answered with delicious confusion in both tone and appearance. | <urn:uuid:56392285-68e2-4e11-bd60-87d48c6215ff> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.bookrags.com/ebooks/13679/79.html | 2015-01-31T10:31:57Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122080417.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175440-00071-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.986933 | 685 | [
0.9499,
0.953,
0.547,
0.9504,
0.9471,
0.9573,
0.9545,
0.9556,
0.9579
] |
Mind, Body and Soul
I have never been one to make New Year resolutions. I find that I end up always disappointed in myself and it’s the same with my friends as most of them agree nothing short of self-renovation will do and it always ends up badly. How about this year we try something new? Instead of trying to change ourselves to become someone else - how about we become kind to ourselves and show love and gratitude for how far we've already come. Ask yourself “What will make me healthier and happier?” As I gingerly approach this year my 60s birthday, I'm daring myself to reinvent myself. (Stay tuned for this!) If you feel like me, why not try that new career shift, maybe start your own business, engage in a new charity whether it's global or local, mentor, sleep more, cut back on sugar… whatever it is!!! Go ahead… Dare yourself this year. Life is a constant adventure. | <urn:uuid:c401516a-7420-418a-a0ac-bae0d65617d2> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://destinationiman.com/ | 2015-01-26T08:21:46Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115860608.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161100-00251-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95365 | 198 | [
0.9041,
0.9265
] |
|Dry yeast||1 Teaspoon|
|Warm water||2 1⁄2 Cup (40 tbs)|
|Whole wheat flour||2 Cup (32 tbs)|
|All purpose flour||4 Cup (64 tbs)|
|Olive oil||2 Tablespoon|
Combine the yeast, 1/2 cup of the water and the sugar and let stand for several minutes.
Stir in the remaining 2 cups water, the whole wheat flour and 1 cup of the all-purpose flour.
Stir 100 times (about 1 minute) in one direction to activate the gluten in the flour.
Let the sponge stand, covered, for 10 minutes to 1 hour.
Sprinkle the salt and olive oil over the sponge and stir well.
Add the remaining flour, 1 cup at a time, until the dough is too stiff to stir.
Knead the dough for 8 to 10 minutes, adding more flour as necessary, until smooth and elastic.
Place the dough in a well-oiled bowl and cover with plastic wrap.
Let rise until doubled in size, about 1 1/2 hours. (The dough may be saved in a large plastic bag in the refrigerator for up to 1 week as long is it is brought to room temperature before baking.) Place a baking stone in the oven, then preheat the oven to 450 degrees.
Punch down the dough, cut into the desired number of pieces and roll it out 1/4 inch thick.
Bake 2 or 3 pitas at a time, for about 3 to 4 minutes or until cook and the breads have fully ballooned.
Cool the breads on a wire rack for about 5 minutes, then wrap in a paper towel to keep them soft.
The baked pitas can be stored in a sealable plastic bag and warmed in the oven to soften. | <urn:uuid:93c82ca5-13d5-4129-bd89-f62f3892187b> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://ifood.tv/pita/82181-pita-bread | 2015-01-26T09:03:21Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115860608.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161100-00251-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.890883 | 387 | [
0.0414,
0.0715,
0.104,
0.0718,
0.0635,
0.9589,
0.9551,
0.9433,
0.9369,
0.9589,
0.949,
0.947,
0.961,
0.947,
0.9502,
0.957,
0.957,
0.9617
] |
A bearded man walks down the darkened theater aisle carrying a burning candle for light. He sits on the steps at the front of the stage, opens a blank book and begins to write with a feathered pen.
"Once upon a time," he says slowly and dramatically.
So begins Brookfield Theatre for The Arts' inspired and inspiring production of "Into the Woods." Directed by Maureen Trotto, it is a witty, whimsical and dark comedy of a musical that is brought to life by a powerhouse cast and flawless technical execution.
Prince Charming is kind of a creep; Jack -- as in Jack and the Beanstalk -- is a thief; and Rapunzel has definite emotional issues.
In the audience you can feel the passion from the large ensemble cast as its members bring these characters to life and successfully walk the tightrope between humor, heartfelt sincerity, and biting satire.
"Into the Woods" Brookfield will run this Friday and Saturday and Oct. 12 and 13 at 8 p.m., plus a Sunday matinee Sunday at 2 p.m.
"Into the Woods" retells many classic fairy tales but gives them a treatment reminiscent of the "Fractured Fairy Tales" portion of "The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show."
The woods refers to a dark, mysterious and magical place that is home to both great perils and great wonders. It seems to serve as a metaphor for the trials and tribulations of the real world.
Cinderella (Amy Crupi) must enter the woods to get a magic gown to attend a ball. After she goes to the ball, the prince falls in love with her, but she's, well, just not that into him.
At one point -- in a great piece of physical comedy -- Crupi demonstrates just how hard it is to walk wearing only one slipper, and she provides soaring melodic vocals throughout.
The Baker (Ralph Papp) and his wife (Kira Wallace) are another pair who enter the woods. They must do so to lift a curse set upon them by their neighbor, the witch (a superbly snickering Marilyn Olsen).
Wallace is wonderful as the pragmatic baker's wife. She's smart and tough, but she can't help longing for something more than the life she leads.
Papp plays his role with tragic innocence and sense of wide-eyed wonder. We know he eventually has to grow up, but we don't want him to.
The main characters in the cast are rounded out by a hysterically dim-witted beanstalk climbing Jack (Rob Bassett) and his overbearing mother (Nina Wilson), a delightfully bratty and enthusiastic Little Red Riding Hood (Sydney Coelho), and a two-timing prince (Mensah Robinson) who sings with a soulfully deep voice.
Also impressive is Joe Harding's performance as the deep-voiced narrator who eventually gets inserted into the story in a very creative fashion.
The set designed by Duane Langenwalter is clever and menacing. It is put to good use by choreographer Todd Santamaria and musical director and keyboardist Sabrina Post, as well as the play's director, Trotto.
By the musical's end, Lapine and Sondheim have turned our favorite fairy tales on their heads. The play is a cautionary story about the dangers of believing in quick, magical fixes to our problems.
It also attempts to demonstrate that our dreams and wishes are never quite what we think they are, and we need to be careful of the dark spells we cast in our lives.
The production is thoughtful, fun and memorable. This is one trip to the woods that's definitely worth taking.
Erik Ofgang is a freelance writer in Connecticut; [email protected] | <urn:uuid:3066cf01-0e80-421c-b788-b1ae9753e22b> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.ctpost.com/news/article/Don-t-miss-Into-the-Woods-3923903.php | 2015-01-26T08:25:18Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115860608.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161100-00251-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964156 | 795 | [
0.9516,
0.9435,
0.9592,
0.9448,
0.9559,
0.9524,
0.9565,
0.9545,
0.9542,
0.9548,
0.9516,
0.9529,
0.9559,
0.9499,
0.9602,
0.9494,
0.9568,
0.9573,
0.9576,
0.5428
] |
Jump to:Page Content
Boundary Objects and Agents: Linking Knowledge to Action in Agroforestry Watersheds
26-29 July 2007, Malang, Batu, and Kali Konto, Indonesia.
The Impact of the Global Water Crisis on Health and Human Development, Symposium sponsored by The International Science and Health Network, in collaboration with Harvard, Integrated Life Sciences, Harvard Initiative for Global Health, and the Center for International Development
11 May, 2007, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. Speaker list.
Workshop on the Future Implications of a Global Biofuels Market for Economic Development, Environment and Trade
9 May 2007, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Closing the Knowledge-Action Gap in Global Health: Lessons from Malaria, Panel session at the conference, The Looming Crises: Can We Act in Time?
4 May 2007, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Grand Challenges of Sustainability Science
17 February 2007, AAAS Annual Meeting Symposium, San Francisco, CA. | <urn:uuid:981139f7-4d84-4b63-b949-9daae977ed62> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.hks.harvard.edu/centers/mrcbg/programs/sustsci/events/conferences-and-workshops/2007 | 2015-01-26T08:26:33Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115860608.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161100-00251-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.797351 | 218 | [
0.0375,
0.9463,
0.4109,
0.9055,
0.5953,
0.9318,
0.2463,
0.8953,
0.311,
0.9385,
0.745
] |
The lonely Echo lives in caves,
doomed to repeat her voice.
How sad it is she cannot speak,
but this was not by choice.
Once long ago in wooded hills,
gods cursed her chatty tongue
so she could only say again
words spoken or those sung.
She fell in love with Narcissus;
a love he would deny,
for she could only parallel
his words as her reply.
He denounced the woodland beauty.
She cursed his naked soul.
Now he could only love himself
and never hearts he stole.
From that time on she hid herself
in deep sequestered dells.
Her fading form has turned to rock.
Her voice is all that dwells.
If you hear the ghost of Echo,
the phantom of the air
and your last words repeat themselves,
you've found the maiden's lair! | <urn:uuid:525f0598-a15d-411d-9005-102e6239c937> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.poetrysoup.com/poem/echo_131410 | 2015-01-26T09:26:55Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115860608.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161100-00251-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961834 | 189 | [
0.9539,
0.941,
0.9526,
0.94,
0.8921,
0.9124,
0.899,
0.896,
0.9581,
0.9408,
0.7902,
0.9385,
0.9345,
0.631,
0.9415,
0.8596,
0.9365,
0.8899,
0.9559,
0.9524,
0.9453,
0.9373,
0.9383,
0.9559
] |
Simply stated, people respond to incentives. When tax rates are punitive, folks earn and report less taxable income, and vice-versa.
In a previous post, I quoted an article from the International Monetary Fund, which unambiguously concluded that high tax burdens are the main reason people don’t fully comply with tax regimes.
Macroeconomic and microeconomic modeling studies based on data for several countries suggest that the major driving forces behind the size and growth of the shadow economy are an increasing burden of tax and social security payments… The bigger the difference between the total cost of labor in the official economy and the after-tax earnings from work, the greater the incentive for employers and employees to avoid this difference and participate in the shadow economy. …Several studies have found strong evidence that the tax regime influences the shadow economy.
Indeed, it’s worth noting that international studies find that the jurisdictions with the highest rates of tax compliance are the ones with reasonable tax systems, such as Hong Kong, Switzerland, and Singapore.
NEW TIME Today, at 9:30 AM PT: Get the Market Movements in Advance; Williams Edge Webinar for January 28th 2014 | John Ransom
NEW TIME Today, at 9:30 AM PT: Get the Market Movements in Advance; Williams Edge Webinar for January 26th, 2014 | John Ransom | <urn:uuid:a2fd4c0f-a750-46f5-abad-73cb7054b271> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://finance.townhall.com/columnists/danieljmitchell/2012/01/31/irs_code_72000_pages_of_corruption_and_sleaze | 2015-01-29T13:21:07Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422118551401.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124165551-00155-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947604 | 275 | [
0.9476,
0.9373,
0.9204,
0.9551,
0.8517,
0.8592
] |
(CNN) -- Cradling your heap of plastic, you approach the bins, hastily inspecting each item for the number molded on the bottom.
Plastic water bottles go in the bin for ones and twos, along with the milk jug. That was easy enough, but what about the water bottle caps? Trash. Chinese take-out container? Bin number six. Packing peanuts? Trash. Canola oil container is labeled number three. No number threes accepted.
Annoyed and confused yet?
You're not alone. The EPA reports only 7% of plastic waste generated in 2009 was recovered for recycling.
But, a discovery by University of Warwick engineers could make recycling easier for you.
A group of scientists at this U.K. university has discovered a way to recycle 100% of plastic.
Using pyrolysis, a technique in which heat is applied in the absence of oxygen to decompose materials, the university says it was able to break plastic down into its basic elements.
The results could mean a significant reduction in pollution while scientists try to find a safer alternative to using plastic.
"It will reduce the amount of plastic from being sent to landfills and/or incinerators, beautify our environments and create sustainable plastic products," said environmental engineer Naji Khoury of Temple University College of Engineering.
Warwick Ventures business development manager Kevin Marks says the next step is to commercialize their findings. They will build their first plant in the near future.
"There are currently no commercial recycling plants that can deal with domestic mixed plastic waste, so the system we are developing will be the first of its kind in the world," Marks said.
Why could this be such a big deal? The EPA spent more than $220 million on recycling and waste management in 2008 due to sorting, landfill management and other costly actions. The ability to recycle 100% of plastic could remove the need to sort through materials and reduce the need to produce fresh plastic.
"Waste can be a valuable resource," said Craig Criddle, an environmental engineer at Stanford University. "We hear a lot of about 'waste-to-energy' but little about 'waste-to-chemicals.' Creating chemicals from waste could be more profitable than making energy."
Since plastic is not biodegradable, it cannot be broken down by microorganisms and remains in a landfill forever.
Polly Sattler, executive director of GreenPlate, a nonprofit environmental organization dedicated to reducing the use of plastics in society, says what people need to know is that many of the materials collected have a lot of potential value and are sold. By using the University of Warwick's process to turn plastics into energy, she believes people will see the need to increase their recycling efforts.
While temporary measures can be taken to reduce our plastic use, Criddle said widespread use of this technology would decrease our dependence on fossil carbon and stimulate local economies.
Robert Waymouth, a chemist at Stanford University, offers a simple example to explain what he believes is the most important conclusion of the study: "Consider the jug of liquid laundry detergent. ... this jug could be reused for 10 years, but we typically throw it away after the laundry detergent is gone. ... It's the economy of convenience that leads to our current 'throw-away' society; this is ultimately not a sustainable way to utilize our resources or sustain our environment."
Chemist Marc Hillmyer of the University of Minnesota says actions come with consequences: "Advances in science led to the generation of wonderfully useful, versatile, lightweight and strong plastics that have myriad applications that bring benefit to society. Now, we have to use the same ingenuity to appropriately deal with the plastic waste that is a consequence of the broad utility of these materials." | <urn:uuid:cb75680b-7cc9-470c-898d-a50c359455e7> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.cnn.com/2011/US/07/05/recycling.plastic/index.html?_s=PM:US | 2015-01-29T12:34:01Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422118551401.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124165551-00155-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948826 | 775 | [
0.9435,
0.9387,
0.9395,
0.9539,
0.9568,
0.9594,
0.9551,
0.9562,
0.9456,
0.9554,
0.9252,
0.9562,
0.9375,
0.9357,
0.9551,
0.957,
0.9279,
0.9408
] |
12-05-2012, 12:38 AM
| || |
Oh holy cow Reno I cried laughing at your post!!
I could just see me coming up with something like that and E responding the same way!!!
OOTL, that may be it!
I was also thinking about... Is she OCD in any way? Sometimes kids that are that way hold it. They can't help suppressing the need until the last moment. Fear of disrupting class, stopping work, asking to go in front of people?
DD is taking after me and I'm terrified. Was going to start a thread about it. Mine is holding her BM's and either having accidents or not wiping well enough, or tracking. I've taken her to the DR because she is making herself sick over it, belly aches, dizziness etc. I'll start a thread on that later, but that could be the cause... (She's like me in the OCD department but I've never held my BMs, Mmm k!!)
Hope the DR can help! Let us know how it goes!!
Posted via Mobile Device | <urn:uuid:700e0642-c22c-493a-89a7-fbc02f99125f> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.horseforum.com/parenting/daughter-wetting-herself-145561/page3/ | 2015-01-29T12:25:25Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422118551401.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124165551-00155-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97547 | 227 | [
0.1341,
0.0266,
0.8921,
0.5643,
0.9114,
0.9568,
0.9523,
0.8354,
0.1397
] |
When I began my initial foray into the world of vegetables, I was a weekend gardener with limited time and no garden education. My only knowledge of vegetable gardening was definitely of the big-square-plot-of-dirt, row-each-of-tomatoes-beans-lettuces-etc. school of kitchen gardening. That was how I thought all vegetable gardens looked. Big. Plain. Rectangular. Aggressively functional with a nodding proximity to Tobacco Road.
Since then, I've learned that this strictly utilitarian model was a 19th-century invention. It developed as people moved away from rural life and home gardens to the cities, as production became centralized on industrial-size farms, and as machines that worked best when moving straight ahead replaced human labor. Then the whole thing got retranslated back to the backyard. The older, far more pleasing, approach, which reigned in backyards across the globe as long ago as the pleasure gardens of Babylon and right up through the 18th century, was based on smaller, more intimate plots, often divided into garden "rooms," incorporating a scheme of multiple raised beds planted with a diverse mixture of herbs, vegetables, fruit trees, and flowers.
Start with Design
Do you want to create a kitchen garden that's as beautiful to look at as it is productive? Start by banishing the idea of a single, vast patch of upturned earth with regiment after regiment of linearly disposed vegetables marching across it. Instead embrace the idea of growing vegetables in a decorative, multiple-parterre planting within a fenced or walled space. You have now opened the door to a far more pleasurable experience on every level. More soothing to be in. Far easier to work.
The first step on this journey is to eliminate the prototypical rectangle from your vocabulary and let your mind wander freely over all the other geometric possibilities. Picture an octagonal garden. Or a square one with semicircular island beds, or one further divided into pie-wedged beds, or even a quartet of rooms. How about an enfilade of smaller plots linked by fruit trees trained into arbor form, chaining across a lawn or encircling a central water feature?
Raise your beds
Once you've imagined the exterior shape possibilities of your space, consider the dual concepts of "raised" and "multiple" bedding plans as the interior design ideal. Early gardeners, from the Aztecs at Tenochtitlan to the ancient Egyptians to 9th-century Swiss monks, recognized that a bed raised even a scant 6 inches above path level provided infinitely better drainage than a bed built flush with the soil. Gardeners today also find that raised beds heat up faster in spring, adding days (or even weeks) to your growing season. Raised beds allow for far easier soil amendment, too. Build up a bed 12 or 18 inches above path grade, and you can fill it with the ideal mix of topsoil and other amendments. And when the soil is at shin level, weeding and harvesting are less of a strain on your back.
Vegetable gardeners across every continent have learned that beds built no broader than 4 to 5 feet, separated by paths, allow you to reach into the middle of each bed without stepping into it. This keeps you from ranging through your seedlings, compacting the soil and crushing plants underfoot. Moreover, you can work with your feet planted in a nice, clean path rather than in the middle of a muddy bed.
Plant a Tapestry
Once you have this marvelous pattern of multiple raised beds around you like a huge Turkish carpet, you can plant it just as you would a decorative flower border. You can select from literally thousands of kinds of vegetables, born in all corners of the globe: some nearly as old as time, others introduced yesterday, in every shape and coloration and savor imaginable. Think about height and texture and leaf form and foliage color. Think of contrast and juxtaposition and vegetables that will reward you with flowers, as well.
I suggest you begin by planting a layer of perennial softscape: a quartet of box balls or a border of boxleaf honeysuckle (Lonicera nitida) to ensure evergreen interest. Then add the "upholstered" plants: the handsome brutes you can rely on all season to fill their space. Corn and tomatoes. Peppers, eggplants, and leeks. Artichokes and cardoons. Celeries and chards. Then the handsome, early-season "furniture": carrots, beets, lettuces. Kales, cabbages, and greens. And the later-season accessories, like beans, okra, squashes, and melons. Then on to the fall crops: more lettuces and brassicas and leafy greens. There is no right answer or right mix, and every year is a new opportunity to trial some winning new cultivar or combination.
Think About Trellises
Finally, many vegetables need your support, which presents yet another chance to elevate your kitchen garden beyond the merely functional. Pole beans, cucumbers, and winter squashes climb tuteurs. Tomatoes grow best with trellising or caging. Height is one of the great aesthetic opportunities of the potager, and all of these forms, from a classic bamboo tepee to an imposing central gazebo, can be visual delights while they enhance your yields by adding vertical growing space and help minimize ugly diseases. In almost every instance, you can see that if you approach essential tasks with an eye on invention and creativity, the results will be as lovely as they are practical.
5 Simple Changes
Try any of these easy alterations to your vegetable garden, and you'll add to its visual appeal. Apply them all, and your plot will be one of the highlights of next summer's garden club tour.
Think outside the rectangle. Rebuild your plots into circles, triangles, or octagons.
Frame it finely. Just as the right frame enhances a painting, attractive materials beautify your raised beds. Naturally rot-resistant cedar weathers nicely. Or consider stone or brick to enclose your planting areas.
Mix and match. Combine vegetables with flowers, herbs, and shrubs, as well as birdbaths, sundials, or your favorite decorations.
Say no to rows. Plant in patterns, and your beds become a quilt of colors, shapes, and textures.
Grow up with style. Basic stakes and cages are so prosaic. You can build a more eye-catching structure out of bamboo or look for unique uprights at estate sales and the like.
Jack Staub is the coproprietor of Hortulus Farm, a nursery and display garden in Wrightstown, Pennsylvania. | <urn:uuid:172d4f72-2e50-4534-a49a-f04ead830b05> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.organicgardening.com/print/913?page=0%2C0 | 2015-01-29T12:25:56Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422118551401.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124165551-00155-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94442 | 1,396 | [
0.952,
0.9512,
0.8941,
0.9536,
0.9512,
0.91,
0.9526,
0.9554,
0.9214,
0.9532,
0.9486,
0.9108,
0.9527,
0.9047,
0.9518,
0.9551,
0.9565,
0.9565,
0.9548,
0.9565,
0.9413
] |
MUST VISIT restaurants in Seattle
I'm going to be in town for work and will have limited time for meals -- it is my first time in Seattle so I want to eat well! What are the MUST VISIT places in Seattle? Where is the BEST salmon? What other local specialties should I not miss?
if not Salumi's for lunch, must go to Paseo's.
if you are looking for Pacific NW cuisine, I would recommend Sitka & Spruce or Corson Building (Owner, Matt Dillon just won a James Beard).
as for best salmon, its a little harder for me to pinpoint just one place. I would say go for a highly regarded restaurant with good local sourcing, then pick on the skill level, cuisine, and location. Avoid menus with Atlantic Salmon and go for salmon with Wild Coho or Sockeye or those Salmon caught in Alaska. I can say I've had good salmon and seafood at
Mistral Kitchen, Anchovies & Olives, Elliots, Ray's Boathouse (View is better than their food), and Nishino or Sushi Kappo Tamura (if you want your salmon raw or grilled),
edit: Also a good thread and list to check out of everyone's top 5 Seattle Restaurants http://chowhound.chow.com/topics/763997 | <urn:uuid:22a9092b-e4b5-4d6b-9cc4-0743046add7f> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://chowhound.chow.com/topics/849173 | 2015-01-28T12:51:11Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122102237.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175502-00059-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929529 | 278 | [
0.2174,
0.9367,
0.9451,
0.9504,
0.951,
0.869,
0.547
] |
What Type of Information is This?
Using Primary Sources on the Web explains the what a primary source is and discusses ways to find primary resource material on the web. (link to the American Library Association)
Distinguishing Between Popular and Scholarly Sources describes the difference between a popular magazine and a scholarly journal.
Evaluate the Information You Find
- What is the purpose of the information?
- Is the information reliable?
- Are there obvious errors?
- Who wrote the content?
- Is an author's name listed?
- What is the author's credentials?
- Can you contact the author?
- Who is publishing or hosting the content?
- Is the content objective or subjective?
- Is the content biased or unbiased?
- How detailed is the information?
- What opinions (if any) are expressed by the author?
- Is the content designed to persuade you to change your mind on a topic?
- Does the content include paid advertising?
- When was the information published?
- When was it last updated?
- If it's a web site, are the links up-to-date?
- What topics are covered in the content?
- Does the content offer additional insight that could not be found elsewhere?
- Is the content discussed in-depth or only at a high-level?
- Does the author provide citations?
Based on the chart in Kapoun, J. (1998). Teaching undergrads web evaluation: A guide for library instruction. College & Research Libraries News, 59(7), 522-523 and concepts in Beck, S. (1997) Evaluation Criteria. The Good, The Bad & The Ugly: or, Why It’s a Good Idea to Evaluate Web Sources. Retrieved on March 1, 2005 from http://lib.nmsu.edu/instruction/evalcrit.html
Use these tutorials to improve your evaluation skills:
Not sure how to get started on your research? Need help? There are many ways to ask us questions. We're here to help you! | <urn:uuid:9a17592f-3eaa-4a39-b5cf-4f16a9286025> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://muskingum.edu/home/library/research/evaluate.html | 2015-01-28T12:07:58Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122102237.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175502-00059-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.88246 | 433 | [
0.9347,
0.5262,
0.9451,
0.9333,
0.9373,
0.9449,
0.9526,
0.9135,
0.948,
0.8882,
0.9419,
0.9292,
0.9513,
0.9252,
0.9478,
0.9353,
0.9545,
0.929,
0.8956,
0.9032,
0.9398,
0.9369,
0.9506,
0.9554,
0.9176,
0.0284,
0.9379,
0.9329
] |
I love the advice. I'm leaning torwards taking a chance on buy an SS but I do want the Z/28. But I love the only live once argument. If the Z gets made and its a hit, then there should be another year of it. But boy I am
Maybe someone can chime in from the big boys, what is the harm in putting out an MSRP a year before production? Why do it 3 months before? I'm going to wait until late 2010. Honestly, money is the biggest issue. My next car will be a Camaro come hell or high water. I don't care if I win the lottery then there won't be an issue I'll buy one for every day of the week.
I've been a sound planner for a long time. I've adjusted my lifestyle and attainted degrees so that there would never be an issue in my passion for cars. I deserve to buy the car but my lust for the badge kills me. I stare at a Camaro everytime I get my coffee at Dunkin Donuts. It's sick too.
To the Ice Blue SS/RS with Hockey Stripes at the corner of Cross Creek and Moriss Bridge in N. Tampa, I envy you, love you and hate you. But it's all good.
However, like I Black5thgen said, if I can break even I'm good and it's A Z/28!
Jesus said to her, “I am the resurrection and the life. He who believes in me will live, even though he dies; and whoever lives and believes in me will never die.” | <urn:uuid:9412a3ec-4b91-4f4c-9289-80764ff1d919> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.camaro5.com/forums/showpost.php?p=1526534&postcount=14 | 2015-01-28T12:29:53Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122102237.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175502-00059-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96755 | 335 | [
0.9454,
0.947,
0.9463,
0.9412,
0.8534,
0.9258
] |
We are all used to dealing with miles per gallon (mpg), that familiar if sometimes clumsy indicator of a vehicle's fuel consumption. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) provides mpg ratings, along with the disclaimer that our actual mileage will vary. And it always does.
That's just one indication of how flawed mpg ratings are. But don't worry. They will soon be rendered completely obsolete by advancing technology. We think it's time to get on with the changeover to something better.
A figure that reflects monthly fuel cost makes much more sense. Consider the coming plug-in hybrids, which run a significant distance on electricity alone, or pure electrics, which run entirely on energy drawn from a wall socket. There are no gallons of anything to measure. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is dispensed in a gallon-equivalent fashion, but what you're really buying is cubic feet of a gas. And what about alternative fuels such as E85 (a mix of ethanol and gasoline)? Or even diesel, for that matter? They are delivered by the gallon, but they involve such different costs and energy densities that comparing mpg figures of cars powered by such fuels to those of a gasoline vehicle is at best incomplete and at worst confusing and misleading.
Trying to force everything into gasoline-equivalent miles per gallon (MPGe), as the EPA seems to favor, is to stick one more Band-Aid on a system that was pretty lame to begin with.
Engineers can come up with equivalency formulas to allow meaningful direct comparison of all these different energy sources. But this comparison should not be made on an energy-content basis. It should compare what consumers care about most, which is cost.
Edmunds believes vehicle energy consumption should be expressed as Monthly Fuel Cost (MFC). What will it cost to fuel up — or more accurately "energy up" — a vehicle in dollars per month, no matter how that energy is stored and delivered? That's what we really want to know. A common MFC figure will make all fuels and energy sources easily comparable, and most directly support consumers' efforts to manage their transportation budgets.
Any standardized formula requires certain assumptions, and that means, in essence, that the thing we used to call "your mileage" will still vary. But using typical miles driven in a month and national average prices for electricity and all the various fuels, we can calculate an MFC figure that allows meaningful comparison between vehicles and technologies.
To begin the transition from mpg to MFC, we offer the tables below. We have calculated MFC for a wide range of vehicles. We call out in a separate box some alternative-technology vehicles to highlight how they compare in terms of MFC. For purposes of calculation, we assume 1,250 miles driven per month, and use regularly updated national-average electricity and fuel costs as provided by AAA or the Department of Energy.
We think you will quickly realize how useful this method of comparison is. Hopefully the EPA will recognize the same!
Edmunds' CEO Jeremy Anwyl sent a letter to the EPA, appealing for consideration of MFC to replace MPG. Read the full letter here.
Monthly Fuel Cost Examples
|Vehicle||Vehicle Technology||EPA City & Hwy
|2011 Toyota Prius||parallel hybrid||50||$90|
|2011 Honda Civic GX||CNG - Natural Gas||28||$55|
|2011 Ford Fusion Hybrid||parallel hybrid||39||$115|
|2011 Jetta TDI||diesel||34||$140|
|2011 Ford Focus||gasoline||28||$158|
|2011 Honda Accord I-4||gasoline||25||$172|
|2011 Chevrolet Impala 3.5L||on gasoline||26||$193|
|2011 Chevrolet Silverado 5.3 V8 Flex Fuel||on gasoline||17||$261|
|2011 Chevrolet Volt**||series plug-in hybrid||93 (Electric*)
|2011 Nissan Leaf||electric||99*||$41|
Note: energy costs from U.S. Dept. of Energy and AAA
* MPG Equivalent calculated based on energy content
** ** Volt fuel cost estimate assumes battery is fully drained and re-charged daily.
Monthly Fuel Cost Data
Download a Microsoft Excel file containing Monthly Fuel Cost for all vehicles, from Edmunds AutoObserver. Read more | <urn:uuid:20142851-9711-4d9e-a64f-5c77508bc5e0> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.edmunds.com/car-news/fuel-mileage-equivalency.html | 2015-01-28T13:36:59Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122102237.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175502-00059-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.895773 | 914 | [
0.9509,
0.9485,
0.9468,
0.924,
0.948,
0.9545,
0.9502,
0.9461,
0.9545,
0.9535,
0.8588,
0.0212,
0.0168,
0.0199,
0.02,
0.0161,
0.0156,
0.0177,
0.0173,
0.0201,
0.0582,
0.015,
0.4752,
0.343,
0.2255,
0.8349,
0.5701
] |
How a NatGeo photographer tracked down an old cover model — a dolphin photographed in 1992
posted Wednesday, December 4, 2013 at 1:50 PM EST
The story of photographer Steve McCurry’s quest to find the "Afghan Girl", a decades later search to find the iconic cover subject of National Geographic, is the stuff of legend. But another National Geographic photographer has just managed to pull of a similar feat — one that's even more impressive, because the subject can't speak. She's a dolphin.
Photographer Flip Nicklin captured an image of a wild spotted dolphin in 1992, a distinctively marked female calf known as Nassau, which was emblazoned on the September 1992 cover of National Geographic. Now, two decades later, another National Geographic photographer returned to the same region for a shoot, and aimed to try and rediscover Nassau.
Photographer Brian Skerry had been informed by researcher Dr. Denise Herzing that Nassau was still in the area, despite having a rather nasty brush with a shark. So, when he traveled to the Bahamas for a piece on dolphin cognition, he made a special effort to try and track down the aquatic mammal. But for the first time in 30 years, the dolphins had dispersed, spreading across a more than 90 mile area, making his chances of tracking Nassau down far smaller.
As he describes it:
On the afternoon of day six, Herzing shouted from the bow: “I think we found Nassau!” I raced to the pulpit and saw Herzing with a big smile—the cover girl was indeed among the pod of 12 dolphins. And her new calf, Nautilus, was with her.
For the next two hours I swam amongst this pod of wild dolphins, that for a brief time, allowed me into their world. Nassau mostly remained in the distance. But finally, for just a few moments, this grand dolphin dame swam elegantly near, with little Nautilus beneath in the infant swimming position.
As for the final image? Well, you'll have to click through to the National Geographic Proof blog to see it — but it's a beautiful photo, and a fitting end to Skerry's search. | <urn:uuid:8246d1d9-6aea-4a6a-aea4-6c79b973b71c> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.imaging-resource.com/news/2013/12/04/how-a-natgeo-photographer-tracked-down-an-old-cover-model-a-dolphin-photogr | 2015-01-28T12:28:02Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122102237.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175502-00059-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964206 | 458 | [
0.9433,
0.1604,
0.9486,
0.9559,
0.957,
0.8636,
0.9518,
0.9581,
0.9488
] |
Miqati Tells Bahrain PM that Aoun Stance Doesn't Reflect Govt. Viewpointإقرأ هذا الخبر بالعربية
Prime Minister Najib Miqati on Sunday telephoned his Bahraini counterpart Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman, stressing that Lebanon respects Bahrain's sovereignty and that the stances voiced by some Lebanese leaders do not reflect the government's official stance.
Miqati expressed to the Bahraini premier “Lebanon's appreciation for Bahrain's leadership and people,” lauding Manama's “pioneering role in the Arab region and the world,” according to a press release issued by his office.
Miqati underlined that “Lebanon respects Bahrain's sovereignty over its territory and the decisions of its leaders and does not interfere in its domestic affairs,” adding that “the stances voiced by Lebanese leaders reflect personal points of view, not the stance of the Lebanese government.”
During the phone conversation, Miqati also agreed with Sheikh Khalifa that he would visit Bahrain soon.
Earlier on Sunday, Miqati commented on the recent controversy that erupted after a criticism by Free Patriotic Movement chief Michel Aoun over lack of international support for protesters in Bahrain, telling reporters that “even Aoun stressed that this was his personal opinion and not that of the government.”
Miqati reiterated that Lebanon holds onto the policy of distancing itself from the regional crises.
“We have excellent ties will all the Gulf countries,” he said.
Aoun's criticism of the international community and the Arab League for lack of support to anti-regime protesters led Bahrain to summon Ibrahim Assaf, the Lebanese charge d'affaires.
The FPM leader's statement to Iran's al-Alam television on Wednesday was considered by Bahrain as an “irresponsible meddling in its internal affairs.”
Undersecretary of Regional and Gulf Cooperation Council Affairs Hamad al-Amer presented Assaf with an official complaint over Aoun's statements, expressing his country's “great condemnation” of the remarks.
Aoun later responded to Bahrain's criticism of his remarks, by saying: “We have our own free opinion and enjoy freedom of speech.”
He told al-Mada Radio on Saturday: “We support the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and Bahrain would incur a lot of criticism if it does not advocate it.”
He noted the “massacres and takfiris” present in Syria, while highlighting the peacefulness of the Bahraini protests.
“One must distinguish between a revolt that massacres and kills its people and another that demands their rights,” the MP said.
The FPM leader had told al-Alam that the demands of the protesters in Bahrain are “fair and justified.”
He criticized the Arab League and international community for failing to support the protests.
Aoun added: “It's unfortunate that a peaceful revolution, which has been oppressed and going on for three years, has not been recognized enough by the world.” | <urn:uuid:db23a238-f887-4acd-8543-d594bb174a1b> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/72315-miqati-tells-bahrain-pm-that-aoun-stance-doesn-t-reflect-govt-viewpoint | 2015-01-28T12:07:55Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122102237.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175502-00059-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95738 | 661 | [
0.1092,
0.9536,
0.8902,
0.9272,
0.9551,
0.952,
0.9501,
0.9166,
0.9513,
0.9406,
0.9395,
0.9466,
0.9454,
0.951,
0.9324,
0.9584,
0.9526,
0.9383
] |
IMPERIAL BEACH, Calif. (NNS) -- Members of the USS Ronald Reagan (CVN 76) 76'ers and Lady 76'ers basketball teams hosted a basketball clinic Feb. 25-29 for students at Bayside Elementary School in Imperial Beach.
During the clinic, sixth-grade students had the opportunity to learn basketball fundamentals from Sailor athletes assigned to Ronald Reagan. Even though Ronald Reagan officially adopted Bayside Elementary School in 2006 and routinely provides tutoring and volunteers, the basketball camp was a first-time event.
"Cmdr. Lee Axtel [ship's chaplain] wanted to do a community relations project for Bayside Elementary," said Cmdr. George Linville, the ship's surgeon aboard Ronald Reagan. "Since I'm the head coach for the 76'ers, I suggested a basketball camp."
According to Linville, the students were very excited to be a part of the basketball camp.
"It was a three-day after school camp, which lasted for two hours each day," said Linville. "We provided an opportunity for student to be exposed to a sport that was unfamiliar to them."
"On the first day of camp everyone was divided into eight teams, each being coached by a member of the Ronald Reagan 76'ers," said Linville. "They drilled on shooting, ball handling, passing, rebounding and other fundamentals."
Linville said the excitement continued throughout the week.
"The second day of camp they competed in each of the fundamentals they had learned the previous day," said Linville. "On the last day they learned defense, both man-to-man and zone, and played short games and finally they receive certificates of excellence for participating in the camp."
According to Linville, the basketball camp also brought some much needed sports equipment to the school.
The camp was offered completely free to the students. Retired Vice Adm. Michael Bucchi, a long-time supporter of Ronald Reagan's Religious Ministries Department, donated 10 new basketballs, eight nets and T-shirts for the event.
While the coaches brought knowledge of the game, the students brought an abundance of energy. Bringing both together made for a very successful event, according to Culinary Specialist 3rd Class John Smith.
"All of the kids are energetic," said Smith, member of the Reagan 76'ers. "There are some really talented players and they are very motivated to learn and improve."
Sailors said they enjoyed volunteering for the event.
"I volunteered to help at the kids basketball camp because I love kids, they are the best," said Yeoman Seaman Nicholas James, a point guard for the Reagan 76'ers. "Children always have a way of bring out the inner kid in me."
According to James, the basketball camp was primarily about the fun the kids can have and the positive message they take with them.
"Programs like this really show the kids you care," said James. "I think it also shows the kids how important it is to get out and run and jump. It also promotes keeping in shape, out of trouble and helps direct them towards doing positive things with their lives."
Thanks to the members of the Reagan 76'ers and Lady 76'ers, students at Bayside Elementary School will be better prepared for the seventh-grade junior high basketball season next year.
Ronald Reagan was commissioned in July 2003, making it the ninth and newest Nimitz-class, nuclear-powered aircraft carrier. The ship is named for the 40th U.S. president; its motto, "Peace through Strength," was a recurring theme during the Reagan presidency.
For more news from USS Ronald Reagan, visit www.news.navy.mil/local/cvn76/. | <urn:uuid:698a89f1-edd3-4574-9de8-629f77442f41> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.navy.mil/submit/display.asp?story_id=35356 | 2015-01-28T12:08:08Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122102237.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175502-00059-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977368 | 779 | [
0.9576,
0.9562,
0.9529,
0.9597,
0.9536,
0.9536,
0.9523,
0.9529,
0.9584,
0.9562,
0.9581,
0.9594,
0.9605,
0.957,
0.9565,
0.957,
0.9592,
0.9573,
0.5478
] |
Accommodation, Tourism, Events, Attractions and Discount Accommodation and Specials available in Surfers Paradise on the Gold Coast, Queensland. For all your Surfers Paradise hotels, Surfers Paradise resorts, Surfers Paradise apartments and Surfers Paradise holidays.
From luxury and 5 Star hotel and resorts to discount and cheap Surfers Paradise accommodation - we have it all!
Surfers Paradise Hotels
Hotels & Resorts
Surfers Paradise Resorts
Experts in Surfers Paradise accommodation, tourism, events, attractions with discounts and specials.
Save up to 60%
Call or book online today! Check out our Hot Deals.
Here to Help!
Our customer service centre is open between 9am-6pm Mon to Fri and 9am-5pm Sat.
Call us on 1300 788 553.
Surfers Paradise Apartments
*Based on number of nights stay and subject to availability. Terms and conditions apply. These are some of the best properties at some of the cheapest prices you will find.
View all Hot Deals
Surfers Paradise Accommodation
There is a diversity of accommodation in Surfers Paradise on the Gold Coast. Check out our Surfers Paradise rooms, rates and facilities.
Every style and budget is catered for in Surfers Paradise, from smart resort accommodation, luxury and five-star hotels, to budget beachfront apartments and cheap hotels.
For all your Surfers Paradise Accommodation - Surfers Paradise resorts, Surfers Paradise tourist information, hotel reviews, Surfers Paradise maps, discount accomodation.
Surfers Paradise is a suburb within the local government area of Gold Coast City in Queensland, Australia. At the 2006 Census, Surfers Paradise had a population of 18,501. Colloquially known as 'Surfers', the suburb has many high-rise apartment buildings and a wide surf beach. The feature of the central business district is Cavill Mall, which runs through the shopping precinct. Cavill Avenue, named after Jim Cavill, an early hotel owner, is one of the busiest shopping strips in Queensland, and the centre of activity for night life. One of the features of the area is the Surfers Paradise Meter Maids designed to build goodwill with tourists.
Surfers Paradise is the Gold Coast's entertainment and tourism centre and the precinct's high-rise buildings are the best known feature of the city's skyline. Surfers Paradise is also one of Australia's iconic coastal tourist destinations, drawing visitors each year.
Surfers Paradise is the major hub of the Gold Coast, hoasting national and international music, culture and sporting events, as well as being home to the largest nightlife district and some of the most luxurious accommodation in South East Queensland. Here are some key facts about business, busking and safety in Surfers Paradise, as well as a breakdown of the rich history of this beautifully diverse beach city.
Discover Our Difference
- Your very own Queensland holiday expert (free of charge)
- Unrivalled local knowledge
- Passionate, (and we mean passionate!) personal service
- Unbeatable buying power
- The innovative edge
- Unmatched experience
"I love Discover Queensland because you have fantastic deals, always look after your customers, and have very friendly staff. FANTASTIC customer service!"
"We had such a wonderful and memorable holiday which all started with the great service from you"
"I love Discover Queensland as we can get great quality accommodation at a family holiday price, better yet I found they booked everything with ease and there wasn't a problem with any of the booking."
"You're the best, you're the greatest! I appreciate your customer service, knowledge and further assistance. It really is a treat to deal with a good character and feel extremely comfortable with an above satisfaction outcome!"
"I would rate this as the best customer service I have received in recent times! Thanks for the warmth and wonderful service."
"Thanks to your hard work and dedication we are staying at a top hotel for a great price ... We are so impressed with you and will be telling everyone we know to organise their accommodation through your company."
"Found this site this week, was so impressed my partner has spoken to the very helpful staff and booked a holiday on Gold Coast for December, can't get better than that!" | <urn:uuid:bd76265a-2ea4-4007-b385-7e4769d2e080> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.surfersparadisequeensland.net.au/ | 2015-01-28T12:02:55Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122102237.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175502-00059-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928497 | 891 | [
0.7112,
0.8017,
0.788,
0.5111,
0.6851,
0.8793,
0.2892,
0.6887,
0.8312,
0.8555,
0.5561,
0.81,
0.0396,
0.4919,
0.8651,
0.9463,
0.9454,
0.638,
0.9542,
0.9545,
0.9548,
0.8284,
0.6994,
0.9132,
0.9127,
0.6945,
0.8975,
0.8966,
0.9049,
0.9114,
0.9413,
0.924,
0.9446,
0.8882,
0.9361
] |
REALLY Good Blueberry Muffinsposted by Andrea | 10/17/2013
Can you believe that until a few years ago, I absolutely did NOT like blueberries?
No, I’m not a picky eater and yes, I would eat blueberries if you served them to me; I just couldn’t get over the “smushiness” of blueberries — especially cooked blueberries like in a pie or in muffins.
But then I made this recipe for blueberry muffins (per my blueberry-loving husband’s request) and I was hooked. The muffins were so delicious and the smushiness didn’t bother me one bit.
It’s been a few years now, and although blueberries still aren’t my all-time favorite fruit, I regularly eat blueberries in fruit salad, pancakes, muffins, and many other baked goods.
If you are a blueberry lover — or even just a muffin lover, today’s recipe is definitely one you’ll want to try.
Recipe for Blueberry Muffins:
Makes 24 regular muffins.
- 4 c. all-purpose flour
- 1.5 c. granulated sugar
- 2 T. baking powder
- 1 t. salt
- 4 eggs
- 1.5 c. milk
- 1 c. melted butter or oil
- 2 c. blueberries (I always use frozen)
- coarse sugar (optional)
- Preheat oven to 375*F
- Grease (or line with paper) 24 muffin tins
- In a medium mixing bowl, combine dry ingredients (flour, sugar, baking powder, and salt). Set aside.
- In another mixing bowl, combine wet ingredients (eggs, milk, and butter or oil)
- Add wet ingredients to dry ingredients all at once and stir until just moistened
- Fold in frozen blueberries — it’s OK if the batter is a little lumpy
- Scoop batter into muffin cups until they are almost full
- Sprinkle the tops of muffins with coarse sugar (optional)
- Bake in preheated oven for 20-25 minutes or until middles are set and tops are golden
A Few Tips and Tricks:
As I mentioned above, these blueberry muffins are our favorite, but this specific time, they seemed EXTRA delicious… and I think it was because of a few minor alterations I made. Not alteration of ingredients, just HOW I mixed things together.
The less mixing, the better:
When I bake, I rarely ever mix the wet and dry ingredients in 2 separate bowls because it’s extra dishes to wash However I know that when it comes to muffins and breads, the LESS you mix the wet and dry ingredients together, the fluffier your end results will be. So, I mix the dry ingredients really well in one bowl and the wet ingredients really well in another bowl — then I briefly stir them together with as little “disruption” as possible. The batter is still lumpy but mostly all wet.
Use frozen blueberries:
I could be crazy, but I swear that if I use frozen blueberries instead of fresh, they “bleed” less in the muffin batter and the end results are firmer berries with less runny blue color.
Fill the cups almost ALL the way full:
Almost all recipes I see for muffins say to fill the cups 1/2 to 3/4 full — but that leaves really flat muffins (at least in my opinion). The batter for this recipe is quite thick, so I’ve had REALLy good luck filling the cups almost all the way full — which then creates a lovely high crown on the tops of the muffins. I also dusted the tops of the batter (before I put them in the oven) with some course sugar which added a nice crunch.
I put 12 muffins in the freezer and kept 12 out to eat — and although they still tasted delicious several days later, I will admit that they are the VERY best within the first 24 hours because they still have the crunchy tops. They are still super moist and rich after 24 hours, it’s just a nice bonus to have a crunchy sugary topping.
Oh, and they freeze marvelously.
What is your go-to muffin recipe?
Visit my virtual recipe box for more simple, delicious, family friendly recipes!
Filed under: Food | <urn:uuid:fedb8ddd-7792-4b66-bab8-948219053443> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://andreadekker.com/blueberry-muffins/ | 2015-01-30T20:00:54Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115861872.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161101-00239-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941907 | 951 | [
0.1343,
0.9341,
0.9562,
0.9605,
0.9584,
0.9592,
0.8934,
0.8636,
0.9221,
0.9196,
0.9214,
0.9122,
0.9385,
0.9011,
0.9526,
0.948,
0.8905,
0.5684,
0.9361,
0.948,
0.9524,
0.9491,
0.9433,
0.9442,
0.9565,
0.9423,
0.9327,
0.9589,
0.9294,
0.952,
0.9316,
0.9568,
0.8074,
0.9536,
0.9568,
0.953,
0.9542,
0.9135,
0.0207
] |
From 6 p.m. to 10 p.m. tonight on East Broadway–right in City Dogs’ ‘hood–SLC plays host to Fashion Stroll. According to the organizers, “Forget what you think you know about fashion shows. The SLC Fashion Stroll is a tasty cocktail of a broad spectrum of Salt Lake City’s creative community. One part live music & DJs, one part street performance & dance, and 2 shots of homegrown fashion & design, with a sidecar of shazam – the SLC Fashion Stroll is a potent reflection of the community that built it from the ground up since 2007.”
City Dogs will be serving during the event.
Live music & street vendor sales begin at 6 p.m., with the infamous Fashion Stroll runway shows beginning at 7:30, 8:30, and 9:30 p.m.
For more information go to http://www.slcfashionstroll.com/ | <urn:uuid:20cddf88-a681-43ef-bf2e-eccb20c42670> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://saltcitydogs.com/tag/broadway/ | 2015-01-30T19:59:39Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115861872.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161101-00239-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930179 | 203 | [
0.9559,
0.9622,
0.9481,
0.3586
] |
Beauty in the Darkness
This week I have been reminded what life is really about. I’ve also been thinking a lot about what I want to get for my next tattoo, a lotus flower, which is far down the road, but it’s always nice to dream! Anyways this post connects those two things; what life is about and lotus flowers.
As we near the end of both the term and the school year at Augustana, you would be hard pressed to find someone who isn’t at least a little bit stressed out. Everyone has their mind on final papers, final exams, packing to go home for the summer, figuring out summer employment, and a whole slew of other things that arise at the end of the school year and term. Honestly, the end of the school year is usually pretty ugly; there are not a lot of smiles and there are tears (okay, maybe a lot of tears on my part). However, there are also good things. People are happy to go home for the summer and see their “home” friends. People are happy to have jobs for the summer. People are happy to finally be done with classes, especially when some of us have friends who have been done for weeks.
For me, this term has been rough. I’ve been continuing work on both my Political Science and my Sociology Senior Inquiries. I’ve been homesick, missing my little niece and nephews who seem to grow inches in the few short months that I’m gone. I’ve been sick and injured for most of the last 3 weeks. Despite all of this “bad” stuff, I was able to find beauty in it and rise above the circumstances. I have received an “A” on my sociology SI. I’ve successfully finished my junior year of college and made the Dean’s List two terms in a row.
As I mentioned in this post , my Uncle Phil was diagnosed with terminal leukemia in January. I dedicated my Relay walk of 15 miles and a fundraising goal of $500 to Phil. I am so happy that he was able to know that I reached my goal. However, I am saddened to say that my Uncle Phil passed away this past week. While he was in Florida, visiting his parents, he became sick and his body was overcome with sickness that he was able to fight against. But, as this post goes, there is beauty in the darkness and while mourning the loss of Phil I am able to celebrate the birth of a new cousin this week. Well actually a first cousin once removed, as my cousin Justin and his wife had another baby this week! She is absolutely beautiful, and I can’t wait to meet her once I go home in a couple of weeks.
Overall, this year, but especially this term, has taught me to look past the bad that is happening now to see the good that will happen soon.
PS – Some of you may recognize the content of this post as it was based on a Facebook status that I posted earlier in the week.
Posted on May 17th, 2014 by Victoria Cartland
Filed under: Victoria Cartland | <urn:uuid:daab5500-32f7-4c6f-ae70-9938775435b1> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.augustana.edu/blogs/augieblog/?p=8351 | 2015-01-30T20:12:59Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115861872.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161101-00239-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.985691 | 660 | [
0.9307,
0.96,
0.9542,
0.9551,
0.9565,
0.9579,
0.9044,
0.1026,
0.029
] |
Song List for GLEE's 100th Episode - Part 2; Chenoweth Reveals More Details
Many former cast members including Harry Shum Jr., who portrayed Mike, Amber Riley, who portrayed Mercedes, Mark Salling, who portrayed Puck and Heather Morris, who portrayed Brittany have all signed on to make an appearance.
In addition, Kristin Chenoweth will reprise her hilarious role as April Rhodes, a figure from Will's (Matthew Morrison) high school days of Glee club. This week, the star spoke about the upcoming GLEE reunion to E! News, revealing, "I get to do a lot with Gwyneth Paltrow [who plays Holly Holliday]. We are reprising our guest starring roles and that makes it really fun. We're having a good time."
Chenoweth called her return to the Glee set 'amazing', but shared that she forgot about "the hours, I always forget how long and crazy they are, singing and dancing about. But [it's] fun being back with the cast!"
As BWW reported earlier, Cory Monteith will be honored in the episode. Paris Barclay, director of the episode shared, "I don't think it could go much farther without continuing to talk about how that hurts. There is so much feeling there and it affected the Glee family in such a profound way, and you can expect it to be dealt with in the 100th episode. It definitely comes back and is dealt with in a significant way."
Finally, according to Fanlala.com, the rumored songlist for the second part of the two-part milestone episode will be as follows:
Dreamgirls' "I Am Changing" -- Kurt and Mercedes
Bonnie Tyler's "Total Eclipse of the Heart" -- Will and April Rhodes
Eddie Murphy's "Party all the Time" -- Holly Holliday and New Directions
"Loser Like Me" (Ballad version) -- Blaine, Sam, Artie, and Tina
Ingrid Michaelson's "Be OK" -- Rachel and Santana
Pink's "Just Give Me a Reason" -- Quinn and Puck
Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'" -- Rachel, Blaine, Kurt, Artie, Tina, and New Directions
Glee fans recently had the opportunity to participate in the "GLEE 100th GLEEKS CHOICE: You Vote. We Remix Promotion" and voting for their favorite musical numbers from among 30 songs performed over the past five seasons. (click here for full list of songs)
The Top 10 fan-chosen Glee songs from the past will be re-mixed and performed by the current members of New Directions in the milestone 100th episode. The episode will focus on McKinley High's latest batch of seniors as they approach graduation and reminisce about their most memorable moments, while singing new versions of these iconic tracks.
Photo courtesy of @MrRPMurphy | <urn:uuid:8ffb9c85-8acc-466a-abf8-5f3dc6798ed4> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Song-List-for-GLEEs-100th-Episode-Part-2-Chenoweth-Reveals-More-Details-20140129 | 2015-01-30T20:14:19Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115861872.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161101-00239-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949539 | 613 | [
0.9341,
0.948,
0.9584,
0.9576,
0.9554,
0.9395,
0.902,
0.7261,
0.8821,
0.8944,
0.902,
0.9161,
0.9237,
0.8709,
0.9562,
0.0734
] |
By Alec Meer on October 20th, 2010 at 1:35 pm.
Not sure if you’ve heard much about Guitar Hero [word redacted] ah, tribute Instant Jam, but basically it’s a streaming browser thing that lets you play rhythm-action adaptations of theoretically any song for free. As long as you have it on your hard drive, buy the track from the game’s store or use one of the built-in songs, anyway.
They’ve just opened it up to embedding on other sites – which means you can play the bally thing in its entirety below. A game! An actual game! Playable on RPS! We should do more of that. Have a play, then go shout obscure songs and impossible high scores at each other in the comments below. Let the great Kate Bush wars of 2008 begin again…
Worth noting I’ve shrunk the game slightly from its intended size to fit our page design, so if you hit any graphical/interface peculiarities it might be that. Seems to work OK here though. In terms of your own songs, it takes its time to add them, and the auto-gameification means you probably won’t find the notes to be as neatly-matched as pre-tailored ones. But see how it goes.
But! What if you don’t have any songs to play on this? Well, how about the theme tune to award-winning* games radio show and Friends Of RPS One Life Left? You’d like that, wouldn’t you? Well, here you go.
* In the same way we’re award-winning, anyway. | <urn:uuid:b39c3907-7cbb-4516-95e4-1255a96109c3> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2010/10/20/instantly-instant-jam-play-it-below-stuff/ | 2015-01-30T20:14:38Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115861872.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161101-00239-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941054 | 350 | [
0.1387,
0.9444,
0.9324,
0.9545,
0.9191,
0.8862
] |
Parsha Toledot |
19This is the story of Isaac, son of Abraham. Abraham begot Isaac.
20Isaac was forty years old when he took to wife Rebekah, daughter of Bethuel the Aramean of Paddan-aram, sister of Laban the Aramean.
21Isaac pleaded with the Lord on behalf of his wife, because she was barren; and the Lord responded to his plea, and his wife Rebekah conceived.
22But the children struggled in her womb, and she said, “If so, why do I exist?” She went to inquire of the Lord,
23and the Lord answered her,
“Two nations are in your womb,
Two separate peoples shall issue from your body;
One people shall be mightier than the other,
And the older shall serve the younger.”
24When her time to give birth was at hand, there were twins in her womb. 25The first one emerged red, like a hairy mantle all over; so they named him Esau. 26Then his brother emerged, holding on to the heel of Esau; so they named him Jacob. Isaac was sixty years old when they were born.
27When the boys grew up, Esau became a skillful hunter, a man of the outdoors; but Jacob was a mild man who stayed in camp. 28Isaac favored Esau because he had a taste for game; but Rebekah favored Jacob. 29Once when Jacob was cooking a stew, Esau came in from the open, famished. 30And Esau said to Jacob, “Give me some of that red stuff to gulp down, for I am famished”—which is why he was named Edom. 31Jacob said, “First sell me your birthright.” 32And Esau said, “I am at the point of death, so of what use is my birthright to me?” 33But Jacob said, “Swear to me first.” So he swore to him, and sold his birthright to Jacob. 34Jacob then gave Esau bread and lentil stew; he ate and drank, and he rose and went away. Thus did Esau spurn the birthright.
1 There was a famine in the land—aside from the previous famine that had occurred in the days of Abraham—and Isaac went to Abimelech, king of the Philistines, in Gerar. 2The Lord had appeared to him and said, “Do not go down to Egypt; stay in the land which I point out to you. 3Reside in this land, and I will be with you and bless you; I will assign all these lands to you and to your heirs, fulfilling the oath that I swore to your father Abraham. 4I will make your heirs as numerous as the stars of heaven, and assign to your heirs all these lands, so that all the nations of the earth shall bless themselves by your heirs— 5inasmuch as Abraham obeyed Me and kept My charge: My commandments, My laws, and My teachings.”
6So Isaac stayed in Gerar. 7When the men of the place asked him about his wife, he said, “She is my sister,” for he was afraid to say “my wife,” thinking, “The men of the place might kill me on account of Rebekah, for she is beautiful.” 8When some time had passed, Abimelech king of the Philistines, looking out of the window, saw Isaac fondling his wife Rebekah. 9Abimelech sent for Isaac and said, “So she is your wife! Why then did you say: ‘She is my sister?”‘ Isaac said to him, “Because I thought I might lose my life on account of her.” 10Abimelech said, “What have you done to us! One of the people might have lain with your wife, and you would have brought guilt upon us.” 11Abimelech then charged all the people, saying, “Anyone who molests this man or his wife shall be put to death.”
12Isaac sowed in that land and reaped a hundredfold the same year. The Lord blessed him, 13and the man grew richer and richer until he was very wealthy: 14he acquired flocks and herds, and a large household, so that the Philistines envied him. 15And the Philistines stopped up all the wells which his father’s servants had dug in the days of his father Abraham, filling them with earth. 16And Abimelech said to Isaac, “Go away from us, for you have become far too big for us.”
17So Isaac departed from there and encamped in the wadi of Gerar, where he settled. 18Isaac dug anew the wells which had been dug in the days of his father Abraham and which the Philistines had stopped up after Abraham’s death; and he gave them the same names that his father had given them. 19But when Isaac’s servants, digging in the wadi, found there a well of spring water, 20the herdsmen of Gerar quarreled with Isaac’s herdsmen, saying, “The water is ours.” He named that well Esek, because they contended with him. 21And when they dug another well, they disputed over that one also; so he named it Sitnah. 22He moved from there and dug yet another well, and they did not quarrel over it; so he called it Rehoboth, saying, “Now at last the Lord has granted us ample space to increase in the land.”
23From there he went up to Beer-sheba. 24That night the Lord appeared to him and said, “I am the God of your father Abraham. Fear not, for I am with you, and I will bless you and increase your offspring for the sake of My servant Abraham.” 25So he built an altar there and invoked the Lord by name. Isaac pitched his tent there and his servants started digging a well. 26And Abimelech came to him from Gerar, with Ahuzzath his councilor and Phicol chief of his troops. 27Isaac said to them, “Why have you come to me, seeing that you have been hostile to me and have driven me away from you?” 28And they said, “We now see plainly that the Lord has been with you, and we thought: Let there be a sworn treaty between our two parties, between you and us. Let us make a pact with you 29that you will not do us harm, just as we have not molested you but have always dealt kindly with you and sent you away in peace. From now on, be you blessed of the Lord!” 30Then he made for them a feast, and they ate and drank.
31Early in the morning, they exchanged oaths. Isaac then bade them farewell, and they departed from him in peace.
32That same day Isaac’s servants came and told him about the well they had dug, and said to him, “We have found water!”
33He named it Shibah; therefore the name of the city is Beer-sheba to this day.
34When Esau was forty years old, he took to wife Judith daughter of Beeri the Hittite, and Basemath daughter of Elon the Hittite; 35and they were a source of bitterness to Isaac and Rebekah.
1When Isaac was old and his eyes were too dim to see, he called his older son Esau and said to him, “My son.” He answered, “Here I am.” 2And he said, “I am old now, and I do not know how soon I may die. 3Take your gear, your quiver and bow, and go out into the open and hunt me some game. 4Then prepare a dish for me such as I like, and bring it to me to eat, so that I may give you my innermost blessing before I die.”
5Rebekah had been listening as Isaac spoke to his son Esau. When Esau had gone out into the open to hunt game to bring home, 6Rebekah said to her son Jacob, “I overheard your father speaking to your brother Esau, saying, 7‘Bring me some game and prepare a dish for me to eat, that I may bless you, with the Lord‘s approval, before I die.’ 8Now, my son, listen carefully as I instruct you. 9Go to the flock and fetch me two choice kids, and I will make of them a dish for your father, such as he likes. 10Then take it to your father to eat, in order that he may bless you before he dies.” 11Jacob answered his mother Rebekah, “But my brother Esau is a hairy man and I am smooth-skinned. 12If my father touches me, I shall appear to him as a trickster and bring upon myself a curse, not a blessing.” 13But his mother said to him, “Your curse, my son, be upon me! Just do as I say and go fetch them for me.”
14He got them and brought them to his mother, and his mother prepared a dish such as his father liked. 15Rebekah then took the best clothes of her older son Esau, which were there in the house, and had her younger son Jacob put them on; 16and she covered his hands and the hairless part of his neck with the skins of the kids. 17Then she put in the hands of her son Jacob the dish and the bread that she had prepared.
18He went to his father and said, “Father.” And he said, “Yes, which of my sons are you?” 19Jacob said to his father, “I am Esau, your first-born; I have done as you told me. Pray sit up and eat of my game, that you may give me your innermost blessing.” 20Isaac said to his son, “How did you succeed so quickly, my son?” And he said, “Because the Lord your God granted me good fortune.” 21Isaac said to Jacob, “Come closer that I may feel you, my son—whether you are really my son Esau or not.” 22So Jacob drew close to his father Isaac, who felt him and wondered. “The voice is the voice of Jacob, yet the hands are the hands of Esau.” 23He did not recognize him, because his hands were hairy like those of his brother Esau; and so he blessed him.
24He asked, “Are you really my son Esau?” And when he said, “I am,” 25he said, “Serve me and let me eat of my son’s game that I may give you my innermost blessing.” So he served him and he ate, and he brought him wine and he drank. 26Then his father Isaac said to him, “Come close and kiss me, my son”; 27and he went up and kissed him. And he smelled his clothes and he blessed him, saying, “Ah, the smell of my son is like the smell of the fields that the Lord has blessed.
28“May God give you
Of the dew of heaven and the fat of the earth,
Abundance of new grain and wine.
29Let peoples serve you,
And nations bow to you;
Be master over your brothers,
And let your mother’s sons bow to you.
Cursed be they who curse you,
Blessed they who bless you.”
30No sooner had Jacob left the presence of his father Isaac—after Isaac had finished blessing Jacob—than his brother Esau came back from his hunt.
31He too prepared a dish and brought it to his father. And he said to his father, “Let my father sit up and eat of his son’s game, so that you may give me your innermost blessing.”
32His father Isaac said to him, “Who are you?” And he said, “I am your son, Esau, your first-born!”
33Isaac was seized with very violent trembling. “Who was it then,” he demanded, “that hunted game and brought it to me? Moreover, I ate of it before you came, and I blessed him; now he must remain blessed!”
34When Esau heard his father’s words, he burst into wild and bitter sobbing, and said to his father, “Bless me too, Father!”
35But he answered, “Your brother came with guile and took away your blessing.”
36[Esau] said, “Was he, then, named Jacob that he might supplant me these two times? First he took away my birthright and now he has taken away my blessing!” And he added, “Have you not reserved a blessing for me?”
37Isaac answered, saying to Esau, “But I have made him master over you: I have given him all his brothers for servants, and sustained him with grain and wine. What, then, can I still do for you, my son?”
38And Esau said to his father, “Have you but one blessing, Father? Bless me too, Father!” And Esau wept aloud.
39And his father Isaac answered, saying to him,
“See, your abode shall enjoy the fat of the earth
And the dew of heaven above.
40Yet by your sword you shall live,
And you shall serve your brother;
But when you grow restive,
You shall break his yoke from your neck.”
41Now Esau harbored a grudge against Jacob because of the blessing which his father had given him, and Esau said to himself, “Let but the mourning period of my father come, and I will kill my brother Jacob.” 42When the words of her older son Esau were reported to Rebekah, she sent for her younger son Jacob and said to him, “Your brother Esau is consoling himself by planning to kill you. 43Now, my son, listen to me. Flee at once to Haran, to my brother Laban. 44Stay with him a while, until your brother’s fury subsides— 45until your brother’s anger against you subsides—and he forgets what you have done to him. Then I will fetch you from there. Let me not lose you both in one day!”
46Rebekah said to Isaac, “I am disgusted with my life because of the Hittite women. If Jacob marries a Hittite woman like these, from among the native women, what good will life be to me?”
1 So Isaac sent for Jacob and blessed him. He instructed him, saying, “You shall not take a wife from among the Canaanite women. 2Up, go to Paddan-aram, to the house of Bethuel, your mother’s father, and take a wife there from among the daughters of Laban, your mother’s brother, 3May El Shaddai bless you, make you fertile and numerous, so that you become an assembly of peoples. 4May He grant the blessing of Abraham to you and your offspring, that you may possess the land where you are sojourning, which God assigned to Abraham.”
5Then Isaac sent Jacob off, and he went to Paddan-aram, to Laban the son of Bethuel the Aramean, the brother of Rebekah, mother of Jacob and Esau.
6When Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and sent him off to Paddan-aram to take a wife from there, charging him, as he blessed him, “You shall not take a wife from among the Canaanite women,”
7and that Jacob had obeyed his father and mother and gone to Paddan-aram,
8Esau realized that the Canaanite women displeased his father Isaac.
9So Esau went to Ishmael and took to wife, in addition to the wives he had, Mahalath the daughter of Ishmael son of Abraham, sister of Nebaioth. | <urn:uuid:88d25d03-a835-4831-b840-f2d66e6ebcd5> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.taggedtanakh.org/Parsha/Index/Toledot-torah | 2015-01-30T20:02:11Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115861872.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161101-00239-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987737 | 3,554 | [
0.3679,
0.8166,
0.8993,
0.7373,
0.6192,
0.1686,
0.793,
0.8731,
0.8865,
0.7569,
0.7373,
0.7098,
0.4214,
0.7085,
0.512,
0.5403,
0.7418,
0.4469,
0.6676,
0.7373,
0.5676,
0.584,
0.8121,
0.552,
0.7648,
0.6403,
0.1208,
0.8293,
0.9539,
0.3211,
0.8811,
0.9322,
0.9476,
0.8663,
0.8368,
0.8186,
0.7064,
0.6749,
0.8872,
0.7935,
0.4718,
0.5111,
0.7241,
0.7314,
0.1638,
0.75,
0.8931,
0.3586,
0.8899,
0.9468,
0.8181,
0.6793,
0.7891,
0.5742,
0.6793,
0.6073,
0.2968,
0.7228,
0.7092
] |
Another Palace, Can it be True?
Trip Start Nov 06, 2010
45Trip End Mar 18, 2011
Map your own trip!
Show trip route
We visited one of the most visited monuments in India (the books and websites say so, but I do not believe it), the Ambavias Palace (also known as Mysore Palace), the Chamundeshwari Temple, atop the Chamudii Hills and St. Philomena's Church are popular religious places in the city which we stopped and saw. We walked the streets and it was a great opportunity for me to get some great pictures of the market. | <urn:uuid:aef2c808-bfca-4970-aa7d-c9b72abf4445> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.travelpod.com/travel-blog-entries/goodrichodyssey/5/1296929880/tpod.html | 2015-01-30T20:29:02Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115861872.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161101-00239-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.90581 | 131 | [
0.932,
0.3189,
0.0865,
0.9371,
0.8782,
0.9533
] |
John Lydon's Public Image Ltd announce new UK dates
Public Image Ltd have added more dates to their summer UK tour in support of their new album 'This Is PiL'.
The band will kick off their tour at Bournemouth's O2 Academy on July 31, and will finish up at Brighton's Concorde 2 on August 16. The tour will stop off at Reading, Wolverhampton, Blackpool and Newcastle, among other cities, along the way.
PiL, who release their new album on May 28, currently finish up their touring schedule with two festival appearances at the Beautiful Days festival in Devon on August 18 and Summer Sundae in Leicester on the weekend of August 17-19.
They will also play two shows at London's Heaven on April 1-2, prior to the release of their 'One Drop' EP on April 21, to coincide with this year's Record Store Day.
PiL helped kick off the countdown to Record Store Day 2012 last night (March 19), with a tiny show at the Hoxton Gallery.
After the show, Lydon took part in a Q&A session where he launched into an extended rant encompassing his views on record labels, PiL's recent London gig as part of BBC 6 Music's 10th birthday celebrations and a bizarre comment about Cliff Richard.
Lydon said: "I live in LA, I can download everything. I downloaded Cliff Richard's colostomy bag."
Public Image Ltd will play:
O2 Academy Bournemouth (July 31)
Wolverhampton Wulfurn Hall (August 3)
Blackpool Empress Ballroom (4)
O2 Academy Newcastle (6)
Hatfield University Forum (12)
O2 Academy Bristol (13)
Brighton Concorde 2 (15, 16) | <urn:uuid:bb543e0f-e18f-4d2b-aefe-b966975d1dd7> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.uncut.co.uk/public-image-ltd/john-lydons-public-image-ltd-announce-new-uk-dates-news | 2015-01-30T20:01:43Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115861872.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161101-00239-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936105 | 373 | [
0.9299,
0.9542,
0.9502,
0.9548,
0.9589,
0.9589,
0.9565,
0.9412,
0.7984,
0.8335,
0.7968,
0.5078,
0.5544,
0.7463,
0.5774,
0.7869
] |
- FAQs Index
- Registration and Room Assignment
- Contracts, Fees, and Payments
- Amenities and Hall Information
- Maintenance and Custodial Services
- Roommates and Room Changes
- Moving In
- Key Rules and Policies
- Residence Hall Life
- Safety and Security
- Summer Housing and Storage
- Blackboard/Persona PIN
Housing & Residence Life Hopper Hall Valdosta, GA 31698
1500 N. Patterson St.
Valdosta, GA 31698
- Student Resources
- Policies and Procedures
- Get Involved
Contracts, Fees, and Payments
How long does my housing contract last?
Your residence hall (traditional and suite style buildings) contract is for nine months (fall and spring semesters—August-May). Apartment contracts are for 12 months (August to end of Summer Term).
I’ve decided not to come to VSU in the fall. Do I get my $300 housing deposit back?
The following dates show what refunds may be available if a contract is approved for cancellation for the Fall Semester: New Students: On or before May 1– Full refund From May 2 to May 15 - $200 refund From May 16 to May 31- $100 refund After June 1– No refund Returning Students: On or before April 1 – Full refund From April 2 to April 15 - $200 refund From April 16 to April 30 - $100 refund After May 1 – No refund Please see Release of Contract for more information regarding the cancellation of your housing contract.
What do I do if I want to cancel my contract?
If a student decides to no longer live on campus and/or attend Valdosta State University there is a process to canceling their contract. Cancellations cannot be taken over the phone! For current students wishing to cancel their contracts, visit the Release of Contract page. For Freshman, the Freshman Residency Exemption Form must also be completed and approved. Please visit the Freshman Residency Exemption page To apply, log onto your Banner account, click on Student & Financial Aid, click on Housing Contract Release/Freshmen Exemption, and scroll down to the bottom of the page to submit the request.
How much does it cost to live in campus housing?
The cost to live on campus depends on the hall. Check the Housing Rates for specific rates.
When are my housing fees due?
Please visit the bottom of the Fee Deadlines section of the Financial Services website for current fee payment deadlines.
Will Financial Aid cover my housing cost?
Depending on what type of Financial Aid you have, the cost of your housing may or may not be covered. Please visit the Financial Aid website or call (229-333-5935) or e-mail the Office of Financial Aid for information on the benefits of your specific Financial Aid package.
Am I required to purchase a meal plan?
All students living on campus, with the exception of graduate students, are required to purchase a meal plan as part of their housing contract. Students living off campus have the option of purchasing a commuter meal plan if they choose to do so. Please visit the Meal Plan Services website for more information on meal plan options and the meal plan contract.
How much does a meal plan cost?
The cost of a meal plan varies depending on which meal plan program you choose. Please check the Meal Plans website for current meal plan options and rates.
Can I add additional money to my meal plan?
Please visit the Meal Plan Services website for more information on adding money to your meal plan.
What happens when I owe money for housing, damages, lost keys, etc.?
Almost all charges from all departments at the university, including Housing and Residence Life, will be charged to your student account at the Bursary. When standard charges for your housing are placed on your account, these are due on the same schedule as tuition. Any additional unexpected fees that are charged for your housing, such as damages or lost keys, will also place a "hold" on your student account. A hold on your account prevents you from graduation, registering for classes, or obtaining official transcripts from the university. A hold is removed once these charges are paid in full. For information about the tuition payment schedule, penalties for late payment, or other questions regarding other departmental charges, please refer to the university's Bursary. | <urn:uuid:04b7d31d-32c6-4894-a743-3cc281c4ac75> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.valdosta.edu/administration/student-affairs/housing/faqs/contracts,-fees,-and-payments.php | 2015-01-30T20:11:51Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115861872.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161101-00239-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.918174 | 902 | [
0.2082,
0.7995,
0.8131,
0.7678,
0.839,
0.9044,
0.8542,
0.8509,
0.5561,
0.8439,
0.8909,
0.5961,
0.34,
0.4886,
0.2567,
0.5725,
0.8298,
0.6895,
0.7957,
0.9417,
0.9159,
0.9545,
0.3777,
0.949,
0.8793,
0.952,
0.9359,
0.9314,
0.8288,
0.9458,
0.923,
0.9449,
0.932,
0.9507,
0.9343,
0.9486,
0.9329,
0.9471,
0.8636
] |
You Chose the
Bennett Motor Company
697 Chesterfield Hwy., Cheraw, SC 29520 phone: 843-537-4646
We are your Cheraw Chevrolet and Buick dealer. We are also a great alternative if you're looking for a South Carolina Chevrolet or Buick dealer or a Bennettsville Chevrolet or Buick dealer. Let Ben...
Copyright © 2012 The Bolivar Commercial. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:451c0217-59b0-43e7-87dd-ba8b590adf91> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.bolivarcom.com/matchbin_businesses?state=SC&cat=Autos&ara=Automotive | 2015-01-26T06:36:35Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422120394037.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124172634-00143-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.68098 | 90 | [
0.4092,
0.3996,
0.1842,
0.542,
0.0087
] |
Next up may be Spain's Banco Bilbao Viscaya Argentario. The Wall Street Journal and the New York Times, among others, reported this week that BBVA would take over Guaranty Bank, the ailing Texas lender that has been saying it's on the brink of failure for weeks. (UPDATE: As expected, Guaranty was closed and sold to BBVA on Friday night.)
Such a move would help BBVA add to its U.S. holdings, which already include Birmingham, Ala.-based Compass Bank. With $36.5 billion in deposits and about 600 offices across the South, it's Alabama's third biggest bank.
From coast to coast, foreign financial firms control regional U.S. banks with thousands of branches and billions of dollars in assets. Here's a rundown of the biggest:
- Citizens Bank, with $95 billion in deposits and about 1,600 branches, is the biggest foreign-owned U.S. bank. Owned by the Royal Bank of Scotland, it has a big presence in Pennsylvania but is arguably strongest in Rhode Island, where it holds more than 44 percent of all bank deposits.
- HSBC Bank, the U.S. subsidiary of the British banking giant of the same name, has $82.7 billion in deposits and is second only to Chase in New York state, where most of its nearly 500 offices are located.
- Known as Commerce Bank until 2007, TD Bank boasts $73.5 billion in deposits and is owned by Canada's TD Bank Financial Group. About a quarter of its more than 1,000 branches are in New Jersey, where it's the third-biggest bank by deposits.
- Spain's Banco Santander bought Sovereign Bank last fall when mortgage losses threatened to sink the 102-year-old thrift. Sovereign's 750 branches are spread across the Northeast and most of its $47.8 billion in deposits come from Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
- Union Bank, the fifth-biggest bank in California with $40.8 billion in deposits, was taken over by Japanese giant Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group late last year.
- Another big California bank, Bank of the West, is owned by France's BNP Paribas. It has some 660 offices in 19 states and boasts $34.9 billion in deposits, according to the FDIC.
- Owned by Canada's Bank of Montreal, Chicago-based Harris Bank is the third-largest bank in Illinois by deposits, with $27 billion. Unlike some of the other banks on this list, which have been bought by foreign companies within the last few years, Harris has been owned by BMO since 1984.
- Homegrown financial companies Bank of America (BAC), BB&T (BBT) and Wachovia, now part of Wells Fargo (WFC), have all called North Carolina home. So does RBC Bank, owned by the Royal Bank of Canada. It holds $17.8 billion deposits and has 441 branches. | <urn:uuid:425e418f-90ed-4724-b42b-b9b2203880db> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.dailyfinance.com/2009/08/21/foreign-financial-firms-whetting-their-appetite-for-u-s-banks/ | 2015-01-26T06:23:46Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422120394037.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124172634-00143-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970301 | 621 | [
0.9478,
0.9554,
0.9512,
0.9466,
0.9512,
0.9481,
0.9498,
0.9502,
0.9523,
0.9446,
0.9507
] |
The Associated Press story from Kansas City was brief. It read:
"Ulysses S. Grant V, the last surviving great-grandson of the nation’s 18th president, died Wednesday in a southwest Missouri home brimming with memorabilia from his great-grandfather. He was 90.”
The first Ulysses S. Grant was a national hero. Appointed by Abraham Lincoln as General-in-Chief, he led the Union armies to victory in the Civil War. One setback for Grant during that war was the bloody Battle of Shiloh. Grant’s critics wanted Lincoln to remove him but the President refused. “I can’t spare this man,” Lincoln declared. “He fights.”
As President, Grant weathered some scandals in his administration. But his personal integrity and honesty were never questioned.
His had a strong relationship with New York after the Civil War. It was here that he fought his last battle, against throat cancer, and completed work on his memoirs. Mark Twain, a good friend, called this effort “the most remarkable work of its kind since the commentaries of Julius Caesar.”
Grant died at 63 in a cottage in Mount McGregor in New York’s Saratoga County. He was surrounded by members of his family in the house filled with artifacts from his life. A train draped in black carried his body south. As it passed West Point, the whole undergraduate battalion of cadets stood at present arms.
In New York City his body was laid to rest in “Riverside Park, where the largest mausoleum in North America, Grant’s Tomb, was constructed.” Grant and his wife Julia, ultimately were laid to rest there.
The Ohio-born president had an inspirational influence on the men he sent into battle. He became an apostle of peace after the Civil War, holding out the olive branch to other nations and, in domestic politics, championing the rights of African-Americans and Native Americans and advocating civil service reform.
He ended his days as a New Yorker. And he embodied the traits of generations of New Yorkers, before and after he lived -- toughness, strength, tenacity.
It’s easy to relate to the great-grandson who has just passed away. The monument in Riverside Park celebrates a New Yorker who shaped our history -- and upheld our highest values. | <urn:uuid:f88a489b-0152-46be-90e6-826193dc5e90> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/The-Great-General-Died-a-New-Yorker-117665094.html | 2015-01-26T06:37:52Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422120394037.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124172634-00143-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.985355 | 501 | [
0.9432,
0.9228,
0.9513,
0.9548,
0.9554,
0.9526,
0.9485,
0.9584,
0.9554,
0.9565
] |
To make an Oatmeal-pudding
PERIOD: England, 17th century | SOURCE: The Accomplish'd Lady's Delight In Preserving, Physick, Beautifying, and Cookery, 1675 | CLASS: Authentic
DESCRIPTION: An oatmeal pudding made with currants and herbs
To make an Oatmeal-pudding.
Take a pint of Milk, and put to it a pint of large, or midling Oatmeal, let it stand on the Fire till it be scalding hot, then let it stand by, and soak about half an hour, then pick a few sweet Herbs, and shred them, and put in half a pound of Currans, and half a pound of Suet, and about two spoonfuls of Sugar, and three or four Eggs; these put into a bag, and boyled, do make a very good Pudding.
RETURN TO: 17th Century English Recipes
A Boke of Gode Cookery17th
Century English Recipes
© 1997 - 2002 James L. Matterer
ALL GODE COOKERY RECIPES | <urn:uuid:67e7a3e7-180e-46c5-8320-24cec3d6f7fd> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://godecookery.com/engrec/engrec123.html | 2015-02-01T05:36:27Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122127848.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175527-00047-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.892957 | 234 | [
0.9075,
0.3583,
0.9089,
0.8895,
0.9419,
0.1708,
0.186,
0.8882,
0.0092,
0.4247
] |
20 January 2011
Sustainable Territorial Development Committee
Activity report for 2010
In 2010, the Sustainable Territorial Development Committee addressed subjects relating to world current affairs and to Council of Europe events and activities relating to biodiversity, climate, spatial planning, landscape, democracy and governance.
In each of these fields it worked in close collaboration with:
- the steering committees and the ministerial working group: CDLR, CEMAT and CDPATEP;
- the conventions: the Bern Convention and the European Landscape Convention;
- the committees of the Parliamentary Assembly and the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities of the Council of Europe responsible for local democracy, the environment, the landscape, spatial planning and sustainable development;
- experts from not only NGOs which are members of the INGO Conference but also national and international NGOs that are not members of the Conference;
- academics and scientists.
The Committee set up a Biodiversity Taskforce headed by the European Environmental Bureau, an NGO member of the Committee.
1. European Biodiversity Day
The Committee’s most outstanding contribution was the organisation of European Biodiversity Day in April 2010 and the signature by the Presidents of the Parliamentary Assembly , the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities and the INGO Conference of a text expressing common commitment to protecting biodiversity and the fight against climate change.
The aim was to give the Council of Europe a role in the preparations for the Nagoya Biodiversity Summit (October 2010) and the Cancun Climate Summit (December 2010).
The event, to which the City of Strasbourg contributed by taking part in round tables and hosting a buffet lunch at the Pavillon Joséphine, was organised in partnership with the Parliamentary Assembly, the Congress of Local and Regional Authorities and the Bern Convention. It brought together some 200 people, including representatives of frontline international organisations.
It received the support of Ms Micheline CALMY-REY, Chair of the Committee of Ministers, and an audiovisual message from Ahmed DJOGHLAF, Executive Secretary of the Biological Diversity Convention.
This was the first time such a joint event had been organised at the Council of Europe. It was welcomed by numerous international bodies including the European Commission, the IUCN and the UN. There were also numerous articles in the international and European press and in the digital media.
The INGO members of the Committee also publicised the event in their own media (written publications and websites).
The signed declaration was forwarded to the Committee of Ministers.
A bilingual exhibition (English and French), entitled “Biodiversity, a vital asset for Europe”, organised by the IFHP, an INGO member of the Committee, was inaugurated on this occasion. It presents the activities of the Council of Europe and the Bern Convention and since April 2010 appears on the website of the UN and various other websites, including the Paris Biodiversity website (Natureparif). Two copies of the exhibition (which was presented to the Commission des Evêques de France (Board of Bishops of France)) are being shown, at popular request, in French towns and universities. It has also been sent in digital form to local education authorities in France for teaching purposes.
A dedicated website was set up to announce the event and facilitate its organisation, and contributions were made available to Internet users in written, audio or video form.
2. Contributions to platforms and working groups of the ministerial sector other than steering committees
These concerned mainly
- participation in the activities of the “Chavez Group”, named after the Spanish minister responsible for follow-up to the 2009 Utrecht Conference of Ministers responsible for Local and Regional Government.
- participation in the activities of the Stakeholders Platform of the Strategy on Innovation and Good Governance at Local Level, adopted in Valencia on 15 October 2007, which comprises representatives of the Committee of Ministers, the CDLR, the Parliamentary Assembly and the Congress.
- The working group’s contribution to European Local Democracy Week
3. Committee presence and representation of the INGO Conference
Contribution to the High-level Pan-European Conference on Biodiversity held in Azerbaijan by Edith WENGER, Head of the Biodiversity Taskforce on "Role of the INGOS at the Council of Europe "
Participation in the 15th session of the Council of Europe Conference of Ministers Responsible for Spatial/Regional Planning – CEMAT (8-9 July 2010, Moscow) on the theme “Future Challenges: Sustainable Spatial Development of the European Continent in a Changing World”
- Address by the Committee Chair at the opening ceremony
- Dissemination to state representatives and to the press of the Declaration on Future challenges: sustainable territorial development of the European continent in a changing world, adopted by the Committee
Participation in the 10th Anniversary of the European Landscape Convention in Florence (Italy). Statement at the opening session of the preparatory day on the theme " Quality of landscape – Quality of life: “The role, experience and potential of associations”
Participation in the Landscape Workshops in Cordoba (Spain), statement by the Committee Chair during the round table on "Landscape, infrastructure and society"
- several NGO members of the Committee were present at each of the events organised by the ministerial sector of the Council of Europe (costs covered by the participants)
- their travelling expenses were sometimes covered, in part or in full, by the representatives of the Conference or the Committee
Adoption of declarations
Four declarations were adopted by the Committee over the past year:
- "Working together for biodiversity, protection of natural areas and the fight against climate change " April Session:
- "Future challenges: sustainable territorial development of the European continent in a changing world” June Session
- " Contribution to the 10th Anniversary of the European Landscape Convention" October Session:
- "Climate change and biodiversity: acting together! October Session:
4. Participation in the drafting of reports and texts by other bodies
- Rural Heritage Charter for the CEMAT co-drafted by the INGO “RED”
- Opinion on the parliamentary report on climate and biodiversity, drafted by the European Environment Office
- Contribution to the drafting of the report on noise and light pollution by the IFHP
5. Organisation of a joint meeting with the Civil Society and Democracy Committee on the theme of governance in October 2010
6. Establishment and updating of 4 Internet tools
http://conferenceofingos.weebly.com/ (biodiversity English)
http://conference-des-oing.weebly.com/ (biodiversity French)
http://sustainabledevelopmentcommittee.weebly.com/ (occasional messages)
http://sustainabledevelopment.unblog.fr/ : the Committee’s habitual website, on which can be found reports on events and committee members’ written contributions to the opinions section.
7. Replies by experts of the Sustainable Territorial Development Committee to European Commission consultations
- on the EU Green Paper TEN-T by the NGO “AEC” (Jean-Pierre Estival)
- on the EU Green Paper on “The protection of forests and information in the European Union: Preparing forests for climate change” by the IFHP (Pierre Monge).
The Committee is steadily pursuing the same objective as the two groups that preceded it (“NGO Cities” and “Rural World and Environment”) ie. to consolidate the local and regional dimension of human rights and citizens’ participation in the framing of public policies and in decision-making processes.
The activities conducted over the past year were designed to foster the emergence and application of sustainable development principles and policies that have an impact on environmental, economic and social balances.
Speakers who addressed the Committee (on the occasion of European Biodiversity Day and throughout the year)
BILLAULT-CHAUMARTIN Julien, Météo-France weather forecaster, lecturer at Louis Pasteur University | <urn:uuid:275d1920-531b-472c-b9da-dbf020fea0fd> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.coe.int/t/ngo/Articles/CONF_TER_2010_RAPACT_en.asp | 2015-02-01T05:58:37Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122127848.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175527-00047-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936628 | 1,668 | [
0.1574,
0.8264,
0.8064,
0.9562,
0.9518,
0.8655,
0.8739,
0.8969,
0.9058,
0.9237,
0.9408,
0.8303,
0.9518,
0.9426,
0.9542,
0.9404,
0.9548,
0.9545,
0.9345,
0.9502,
0.9587,
0.8048,
0.6216,
0.9491,
0.9351,
0.9365,
0.8814,
0.8771,
0.9312,
0.9089,
0.8422,
0.9089,
0.9286,
0.9444,
0.8999,
0.8563,
0.9303,
0.8517,
0.8381,
0.8612,
0.7869,
0.6646,
0.8782,
0.9245,
0.9272,
0.8317,
0.5913,
0.3014,
0.273,
0.3222,
0.588,
0.8555,
0.8538,
0.8842,
0.9556,
0.9545,
0.9349,
0.575
] |
NEW YORK (AP) -- Nickelodeon announced Monday that "Sam & Cat," which at times was the network's most popular series after debuting just last summer, will air its last original episode Thursday.
Ariana Grande, whose single "Problems" has sold 2.3 million tracks, co-starred on the series with another longtime Nickelodeon personality, Jennette McCurdy.
The series shut down production this spring, four episodes short of a full order amid published reports of turmoil on the set and a falling out between Grande and McCurdy.
While Grande's musical career was taking off, some racy pictures of McCurdy surfaced online.
The creator of "Sam & Cat," Dan Schneider, is making a new series for Nick, titled "Henry Danger." It's scheduled to premiere in the fall. | <urn:uuid:16eb9e19-084c-490a-af7e-7eb80a0a6a1f> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.crescent-news.com/latest%20headlines/2014/07/16/nickelodeon-s-sam-cat-gone-after-less-than-one-season | 2015-02-01T06:32:46Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122127848.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175527-00047-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965038 | 169 | [
0.9515,
0.9584,
0.9551,
0.853,
0.9562
] |
Tommy Ramone died Friday, July 11 at his home in Queens, NY. He was 65. Born Erdélyi Tamás, the musician was the drummer and last surviving member of the Ramones original lineup which included Joey Ramone, aka Jeff Hyman who died in 2001 of lymphatic cancer, Dee Dee Ramone, aka Douglas Colvin who died from a drug overdose in 2002, and Johnny Ramone aka John Cummings who died in 2004 of prostate cancer.
Mr. Tamás died from complications of bile-duct cancer.
The Morning Call reports, “Tommy Ramone's illness became public knowledge in March 2013, when he took ill and had to drop off a tour with The Sex Pistols' Glen Matlock. Ramone was replaced by Sylvain Sylvain of The New York Dolls.”
As tributes and memories pour in from fans and favorite Tommy Ramone quotes abound, the Ramones album review in 1,000 Recordings To Hear Before You Die by Tom Moon captures the essence of this “group of misfit kids from Queens who could barely play their instruments” so many love, cherish and will miss.
“Made for $6,000.... Ramones is the first, best, and most unlikely manifesto of punk rock. It’s also a kind of anti-standard, the record that decimates all the academic theorizing that gathered around punk as cultural watershed.
"Later punk became a “movement,” a study in stance and calculation that could be endlessly reappropriated. But in 1976, when the four leather-jacket-wearing Ramones regularly terrorized New York’s CBGBs with twenty-minute shows, punk was Joey Ramone uttering the immortal words “Now I wanna sniff some glue” in a dire monotone.
"Ramones is cheap thrills sped up to breakneck speed and played as though the four musicians were racing to see who could finish first. Most of the songs depend on three chords, and last less than two minutes - the basic Ramones strategy is run, gun and done.
"The songs the Ramones concocted for this album (and subsequent ones) work because they’re so simple. Anyone could play them - even though Ramones had a relentless energy that was hard to duplicate. The everyman quality proved critical to the spread of punk: Two of the significant U.K. punk bands, the Clash and the Damned, began performing within days after seeing the Ramones London debut, which happened on July 4, 1976. The Ramones’ punk was a spastic lurch, a homemade contraption that seemed at any minute on the verge of spinning out of control.”
The official Ramones website posted this 1978 quote from Tommy Ramone: "It wasn't just music in The Ramones: it was an idea. It was bringing back a whole feel that was missing in rock music – it was a whole push outwards to say something new and different. Originally it was just an artistic type of thing; finally I felt it was something that was good enough for everybody." | <urn:uuid:e5bc79c3-5cdc-4564-84cc-075159e8b41e> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.examiner.com/article/remembering-tommy-ramone?cid=rss | 2015-02-01T06:06:20Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122127848.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175527-00047-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975173 | 650 | [
0.9545,
0.9554,
0.9509,
0.9496,
0.895,
0.9169,
0.9132,
0.9301,
0.9423
] |
A slide film suitable for all situations - day and night, winter and summer, inside and outside with magnificent vibrant colours! If you haven't tried it out - DO IT!
Ektachrome was a brand that was manufactured by Kodak, starting in the 1940s. It was available in all kinds of formats and was one of the first films that one could process on one’s own instead of having to send back to Kodak for special processing.The last batches are all E-6 processing, which makes things easier for small labs and home-developers.
As of 2009, Ektachrome 64 has been discontinued, so the only way left to acquire it are through eBay and at flea markets. I had the luck of getting 35 rolls of Ektachrome 64 film in February, expiration date 1991! A couple of weeks ago I got another batch – another 35 rolls with a 2000 expiration date.
The film is very diverse: It works great in summer, as all slide films do. It has a great crispy contrast with vibrant colours and fantastic range, whether you’re shooting single or multi-exposures:
It works very well in winter as well, giving your pictures a natural look:
There are also a couple of tricky aspects to this film:
The 64 ISO of the film really is something that you need to keep in mind. It is a slow film, so a camera like a Holga might have problems with it, considering the limited aperture settings. I’ve used that film on my Lubitel mainly, with 2 rolls shot on a Holga. When I was shooting it, I used f4.5 aperture and shutter speeds of between 1/60 and 1/125, and with the Holga I usually use the B setting. Sadly, even in the most sunny weather, the Holga cant handle the film, unless you double expose it.
When overexposing, it still gives a very dreamy look:
For inside, if you expose properly, the pictures are great. They’re full of warm colours, there’s no grain whatsoever:
During cross-processing the film gives off a greenish hue when underexposed and warmish yellow tones when exposed properly:
If you’re at a party and fancy cross processing, I advise to push it one stop at least, because otherwise you’ll get a lot of grain and most of your pictures will be very dark, given the low ISO:
All in all, I think I better let the pictures speak for themselves. I just want to add that after the Fuji Velvia, this is my favourite slide film.I just need a chance to shoot more landscape shots with it. =)
I hope you guys have fun with this film because, in the words of Barney Stinson, it’s AWEEESOOOOME!! | <urn:uuid:6a9a2811-6b09-46a2-b179-19614cc1a694> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.lomography.com/magazine/reviews/2011/05/28/kodak-ektachrome-64-a-1991-expired-miracle | 2015-02-01T05:50:57Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122127848.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175527-00047-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951859 | 596 | [
0.8146,
0.9542,
0.9456,
0.953,
0.9587,
0.9545,
0.9478,
0.9589,
0.9568,
0.9339,
0.9439,
0.9494,
0.7353
] |
|You are here: Main / Customer Services / Public Communications Division / 2013 / 03/08/13 Rail Project Receives $67.5 Million In Federal Funds|
RAIL PROJECT RECEIVES $67.5 MILLION IN FEDERAL FUNDS
(Fri., March 8, 2013) − The Honolulu Authority of Rapid Transportation (HART) today received $67.5 million in federal funding for the rail project as part of a $1.55-billion grant agreement between HART and the FTA.
The $67.5 million is part of $255 million in federal money currently available for the Honolulu rail transit project this fiscal year. The project to date has $320 million available in federal funds under the Full Funding Grant Agreement. That agreement, signed last December, guarantees the project a total of $1.55 billion over the next six years.
“This shows the continued commitment of our federal partners to providing Honolulu with a safe, reliable and efficient transportation alternative to some of the nation’s worst traffic congestion,” said HART CEO and Executive Director Dan Grabauskas. “These funds will be used to reimburse the project for design, engineering and other costs associated with building Oahu’s 20-mile rail system.”
“This latest installment of funds further illustrates that the project is on strong footing with the FTA and allows us to keep the project on track,” said HART Board Chairwoman Carrie Okinaga. “We will continue to work with the FTA in moving the project forward.”
Honolulu Mayor Kirk Caldwell said the latest infusion of federal funds is a strong indicator of the project’s success.
“It signals the federal government’s continued support for the project even in these difficult times. It is also a reflection of the years of dedicated work by Senator Dan Inouye, one of this project’s greatest champions, and our entire congressional delegation,” Caldwell said. “It moves us that much closer to improving the quality of life for Oahu residents by providing an alternative to sitting in traffic burning gas and losing time.”
Honolulu City Council Chairman Ernest Martin said, “The release of $67.5 million from the FTA at this time is an unmistakable sign that Honolulu will have the full federal funding support through the completion of the rail project.”
The rail system includes 21 stations at key education, employment and retail destinations, including UH-West Oahu, Leeward and Honolulu community colleges, Honolulu International Airport, Downtown Honolulu, Pearl Harbor and Ala Moana and Pearlridge shopping centers. The first 10 miles of the rail system from Kapolei to Aloha Stadium is expected to open in 2017, with the full 20-mile line opening in 2019.
- 30 -
Media Contact: Jeanne Mariani-Belding, (808) 768-6145, cell: (808) 489-2530 | <urn:uuid:db80cb6f-b871-4b0a-a605-44e427c8c739> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www1.honolulu.gov/refs/csd/publiccom/honnews13/hartprojectreceives675millionmar813.htm | 2015-02-01T05:38:52Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122127848.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175527-00047-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925085 | 611 | [
0.0413,
0.5937,
0.9406,
0.9385,
0.9377,
0.9377,
0.9573,
0.9499,
0.9454,
0.9341,
0.0442,
0.3836
] |
boivi006: October 2011 Archives
I myself have been a sleepwalker, only once though! One time, I did exactly as what I described earlier. I went to bed just like normal like every night, had not done anything different that day and woke up early the next morning to find that I was on the couch in our living room, down a flight of stairs sprawled out on the couch. When I woke, I figured that my mom had carried me downstairs for some odd reason, but this was not true. When my mom came downstairs that morning I asked her why I was on the couch and she replied, "I have no idea!" I unconsciously walked down stairs and lay on the couch, who knows what else I might have done. It is extremely creepy to think that you can be doing things with out any memory. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29658353/ns/dateline_nbc-crime_reports/t/deadly-dreams/#.TpIr0XY8jYA
Some criminal cases blame sleepwalking as their excuse for such things as murder, like this case, where a man and his wife were on vacation and he supposedly unconsciously killed her by stabbing her, breaking her jaw wrists etc. and hitting her in the head with a flower pot. The defendant was found guilty, as he should be. "McCall, Smith, & Shapiro" case found in our psychology textbook that a man drove 20 miles, removed a tire iron and killed his mother-in-law and seriously injured his father-in-law. The man was found innocent! I find that very unjust and should be looked into for replicability and falsifiability. Can that case be repeated and is their proof that this is a true claim? More evidence that there is a correlation between sleeping and violence needs to be given to prove that such cause can be used as legal blame. | <urn:uuid:bfa2857d-7b7d-4545-a4cf-e71892790f84> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://blog.lib.umn.edu/meyer769/myblog/author/boivi006/2011/10/ | 2015-01-30T09:45:53Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115862432.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161102-00227-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.988911 | 397 | [
0.1365,
0.8667,
0.6025
] |
About Pet Dental Services
At Pet Dental Services (PDS), we provide anesthesia-free dental care to dogs and cats under the supervision of licensed veterinarians throughout the country. We are the #1 Non-Anesthetic Dental provider in the country offering Veterinarians and Pet Owners experience and expertise that is second to none. Thank you for taking the time to visit our site and to gaze into the future of preventative dental care for dogs and cats.
Imagine how your teeth would look and feel if you didn’t brush them daily. The same applies to your pets’ teeth. Bad breath and stained teeth are unappealing, but many pet owners aren’t aware that these may be symptoms of serious gum disease. Unless you are regularly providing some form of dental care for your pet, you are neglecting an important factor in their overall health.
You now have an alternative to the traditional anesthetic dental procedure. We encourage you to find out if your pet is a candidate today. Let us help you find a veterinarian near you that provides our service. Our doctors and hospitals will help you set up an appointment for our 11-Step Non-Anesthetic Dental procedure and will provide you with a safe, warm environment necessary to provide the best health care possible for your loved one. Pet Dental Service is excited to provide you with this high quality preventative means to help in the fight against dental disease in your dog or cat, so let’s begin today.
If you are a veterinarian looking for info, click here.
What is Dental Disease in Pets?
According to the American Veterinary Dental Society 80% of dogs and 70% of cats by the age 3 show signs of periodontal disease. Without proper dental care for your pet they can develop gingivitis, which is plaque build-up on a cat or dog’s teeth and gums that may appear red and swollen. This can progress to further oral diseases such as periodontis and loss of teeth.
The hygienists at Pet Dental Services perform a thorough dental exam on your pet without the use of anesthesia. During the examination we will chart any abnormalities or concerns regarding your pet’s oral health. Learn more about preventing dental disease in animals. | <urn:uuid:1ee731b8-58e8-4803-8be1-12fb3b946860> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://petdentalservices.com/ | 2015-01-30T09:22:09Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115862432.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161102-00227-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93367 | 466 | [
0.8345,
0.8892,
0.9559,
0.9159,
0.1777,
0.9516,
0.949,
0.9573
] |
Works for me.. What's your current Chrome version?
This is a discussion on facebook chat not working within the Chrome Troubleshooting section, part of the Google Chrome category: The chat bar on facebook stopped working recently, I know many people are having this problem. It says that im ...
The chat bar on facebook stopped working recently, I know many people are having this problem. It says that im using an old browser and to switch to firefox.
Does anyone have an explanation for this, or a solution?
I think its the latest version
Never heard of that, sure it's not just your session that has ended ? works fine in latest chromium..
@tinyamanda Your on the stable version. Try changing channel to Dev by downloading and applying the Chrome Channel Changer. Don't forget to update Chrome!
Now that Beta has caught up (reasonably) can we stop suggesting the Dev channel to everybody ...
beta is 3.xxx
dev is 4.xxx
Take it your on about Chromium again !!
Last edited by sulasno; 08-18-2009 at 12:39 AM.
You must get updated faster in the East than we do here ....
Just got my update !!!
Nice little Add-On the Bookmarking Sync ;-)
Funny how someone else providing the function (XMarks) tends to focus the mind ... | <urn:uuid:7b880138-57da-40a7-af39-c234b5a8b4f6> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.chromeplugins.org/google/chrome-troubleshooting/facebook-chat-not-working-8118.html | 2015-01-30T09:22:04Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115862432.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161102-00227-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.904758 | 285 | [
0.9488,
0.8953,
0.9565,
0.9634,
0.9439,
0.9349,
0.9095,
0.948,
0.3637,
0.315,
0.6224,
0.0607,
0.9432,
0.1888,
0.9299,
0.9491
] |
Still Going Strong… The pet industry continues to be a bright spot in the economy. Growth was mostly up, although the pace was slower than in the previous year.
Ferrets have skyrocketed in popularity as pets. Consumers are rushing into pet stores in need of starter kits and other products for this popular little mammal.
As retailers, you need to be aware of the most common health problems facing pets, so you can accurately advise their owners.
Your next best-selling item might be on Kickstarter right now.
New products for senior dogs range from foods to shampoos and ramps.
Unleash the power of superheroes, cartoon characters and sports teams to boost your bottom line.
An increasing array of manufacturers, retailers and consumers prefer pet products that are made in the USA.
Pet Products Prove Profitable for Former Feed Company.
Phillips Pet Food & Supplies Puts in the Work to Make Projects Shine
How to reach, retain and entertain what will soon be the largest consumer demographic.
Investing in initial and ongoing training for employees can be one of the best decisions a retailer can make.
Adding aquatic, or reptile, livestock to a store comes with a variety of decisions such as whether to sell captive-bred or wild-caught animals.
Pairing a customer with the perfect pet can be made easier when the proper questions are asked.
How star-backed brands can help sell more products in your store.
Marshall Pet Products celebrates anniversary, continues as leader in the industry. | <urn:uuid:5bf4f427-6de1-4dce-a420-5ef6c391f815> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.petage.com/category/categories/features-catg/ | 2015-01-30T09:23:14Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115862432.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161102-00227-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934044 | 312 | [
0.9568,
0.9597,
0.9548,
0.7587,
0.9592,
0.8981,
0.9527,
0.9397,
0.8993,
0.9456,
0.9551,
0.9559,
0.9584,
0.9391,
0.9491
] |
EPIC Worries Facebook Could Follow You to the Mall
Facebook is desperate for an effective advertising strategy, and through a deal with Datalogix, it may be able to deliver the holy grail to marketers -- that is, the ability to report on real-world buying behaviors of people who view their ads. "Some people do feel that this level of tracking is creepy," acknowledged Rebecca Lieb, digital media advertising analyst for the Altimeter Group.
Facebook came under fire again on Monday as a privacy advocate called for the Federal Trade Commission to investigate the social network's relationship with data marketer Datalogix. This wasn't just another instance of what have become typical privacy concerns with Facebook.
The latest call came from the Electronic Privacy Information Center and could be quite "epic" in other ways. The privacy group has questioned whether Facebook violated an agreement it struck with the FTC last November. The FTC had charged the social network giant with repeatedly sharing information that users believed was kept private.
Under the settlement, Facebook admitted no guilt but agreed to obtain users' consent before sharing any information beyond what was spelled out through established privacy settings.
"EPIC believes that the U.S. Federal Trade Commission should open an investigation to determine whether Facebook's proposed arrangement with Datalogix complies with the terms of the recent settlement," said President Marc Rotenberg.
Epic and Facebook did not respond to our request for further details.
Another Slap in the Facebook
In August, Facebook and the FTC further agreed that the social network must obtain consumers' approval before it changes how it shares data, and submit to regular audits of its privacy practices over the next 20 years.
"It's not immediately clear whether this deal would violate the terms of the FTC settlement," said Greg Sterling, principal analyst at Sterling Market Research. "It might require disclosures to Facebook users and/or consent. However, a conclusive determination requires more study."
This is just the latest round of debacles that Facebook has faced since its underwhelming IPO back in May. The question here is whether the privacy concerns are really valid?
"Data purveyors have long shared data," said Rebecca Lieb, digital media advertising analyst for the Altimeter Group.
This sharing of information is there to provide a more complete picture of a customer, she added.
"The overlay of data presents a granularity of information," Lieb told the E-Commerce Times. "Some people feel uncomfortable about it, and feel that privacy is compromised."
Data In, Data Out
Datalogix is linked to Facebook through loyalty cards that the marketer uses to track purchases to enable targeting in future advertising campaigns. These accounts, which are linked to Facebook accounts, share information, including email addresses.
Is this enough to raise red flags? And will the FTC respond?
"The rationale behind the Datalogix deal is very clear," Sterling noted.
"Datalogix will be able to give Facebook and its advertisers metrics on which ads drove in-store sales. That kind of information is incredibly valuable to Facebook," he told the E-Commerce Times. "It's much more valuable than impression or click data, because it involves tracking online ads to real revenues in the real world."
This level of sharing of data could even allow advertisers to determine the effectiveness of an ad in ways that previously have been impossible to track.
"It does provide an indication of which ads Facebook users may have seen and even determine if an item was purchased offline," said Lieb.
"That information is extremely important to advertisers. These are things that have not been possible in offline media," she added.
"You can't verify whether people saw a broadcast ad," Lieb pointed out. "They might have left the room when the ad ran on TV -- but this tracking could determine if an ad was seen on Facebook."
Ads of the Future
Given that this is becoming commonplace, the issue is whether there is a way around it, apart from simply "unfriending" Facebook entirely. But even that likely won't stop more digital tracking.
"Some people do feel that this level of tracking is creepy," said Lieb, "but it is becoming more common."
The degree of targeting can feel awfully close to a privacy violation in some cases, she noted, but for advertisers this has opened the door to new ways to track consumers. Different data sets can be overlaid and this, in turn, provides a deeper and clear picture of the user.
For those who want to get away, it simply may not be possible.
"With the influx of big data, we're going to see other scenarios like this one," Lieb stressed, "but it will still cause concerns and reservations." | <urn:uuid:b16351d3-f5d9-418a-b543-e1fcbaf44576> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.technewsworld.com/story/ect-privacy/76243.html | 2015-01-30T09:25:33Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115862432.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161102-00227-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959281 | 973 | [
0.8032,
0.9542,
0.9556,
0.9542,
0.8969,
0.9103,
0.8845,
0.8828,
0.9417,
0.8882,
0.9565,
0.9186,
0.9536,
0.9249,
0.4362,
0.9417,
0.9589,
0.9451,
0.9245,
0.9542,
0.9439,
0.9413,
0.9395,
0.8269,
0.9565,
0.9454,
0.9545,
0.9542,
0.9454
] |
Gulf Air, the national carrier of Bahrain and air transport IT specialist Sita, have signed an agreement that will allow Gulf Air to use Sita’s network services to optimise its operations across 48 destinations where it operates.
Schneider Electric, global specialists in energy management, has announced that its Gulf LifeSpace division has won a contract to deliver an end-to-end network connectivity solution at the Barwa City project in Doha.
The contract was appr
Gulf Bridge International (GBI), a leading submarine cable operator, and Interoute, owner operator of Europe's next-generation network, have announced a tie-up which will extend both companies’ international connectivity.
Scheduled to laun | <urn:uuid:ff9778c7-9dab-40bc-8d6b-9a457e0eb328> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.tradearabia.com/articles/tag/46586/&per_page=10 | 2015-01-30T10:34:21Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115862432.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161102-00227-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945098 | 149 | [
0.9483,
0.9529,
0.3189,
0.9488,
0.4594
] |
Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Quest Diagnostics is driven to discover and deliver diagnostic insights and innovations that help to improve human health. We offer a wide range of products and services that benefit patients, healthcare providers, and pharmaceutical medical device companies, life insurance companies and employers.
Lord help you if you need service from this quest. Zero patient advocacy, they'd rather their patients suffer weeks of pain than alter their usual process...
Terrible place. I dread going here. The nurses ignore you and are always late to start taking patients. Once they open the doors at 7:00 and the line of patients files in, the nurses spend 10 minutes chatting out of sight (though you can hear them). When they do appear at the desk, they seem not to notice there are people in the room. They call a couple of names, then disappear. If you have to ask a question, or get a sample container, they are not available. You can stand there 10 minutes before you see someone. And then they make it clear you are bothering them. Patients are clearly annoying in their eyes. Also, they lose appointments. I made a 7:00 appointment weeks before, but they kept calling other names until I managed to get the attention of one nurse and asked if I was on the appointment list. She just said "no" and "do you have your confirmation number?" as she walked out of the room. Clearly she didn't give a cr*p about me. "We lost your appointment. Too bad." As I said, I hate this place. The workers are so unprofessional, and service is terrible. | <urn:uuid:0de5c21c-aca7-4016-8834-41ec658875e4> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://businessfinder.nj.com/4957445/Quest-Diagnostics-Medford-NJ | 2015-02-01T18:25:18Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121478981.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124174438-00131-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967355 | 349 | [
0.6232,
0.9498,
0.4685,
0.872
] |
What about all the men who go about their business, doing a daily job, working every day just because that’s what needs to be done?
Masculinity has a bad reputation. If you define it in a certain way, masculinity is the cause of most, and possibly all, of the world’s problems. That list routinely includes war, violence against women, the sex trade, and pornography. It may also include poverty and drug use, if you define masculinity in just the right way.
I’ve never been convinced that masculinity is all bad or that it’s the root of all evil; that’s always seemed like too simple of an answer to those complex problems. And if masculinity gets all the credit for the bad stuff, shouldn’t it also get credit for the good stuff that’s happened too? Men also developed democracy, stood for nonviolent conflict, and created some of our most amazing art. Isn’t that part of masculinity?
For me, one of the best and most beneficial parts of masculinity focuses on strength of character and perseverance. We teach boys and men to be decisive and resolute, to choose a plan of action and carry it out, whether that plan takes seconds or years. We rarely talk about this as part of masculinity. In Stiffed, Susan Faludi traced it to the World War II writing of reporter Ernie Pyle who emphasized and celebrated GIs for being “quietly useful.”
It’s the masculinity of the “little guy” or the “everyday Joe.” It’s about going to a glory-less job every day because you have to have the paycheck, whether you’re supporting just yourself or your entire family. Even when that job is wretched or you feel wretched, because not going to work means not getting paid, and that’s not acceptable.
It’s about doing a job because it needs to be done, even though it won’t bring any glory or recognition. That description is often used when it’s a matter of national “need” or national “service,” but it’s just as relevant when it’s about taking care of one’s home. How often do any of us really want to mow the lawn, recaulk the tub, clean, or do the grocery shopping? No glory in any of that. Yet those tasks are all necessary and make our individual lives a little better or easier, in one way or another.
At some point, a decision was made that this was the way to make money. We stick with it, for better or for worse. For most guys, liking a job is irrelevant. And for most people, changing careers is not an option; the loss of pay for starting over won’t allow it.
Do guys occasionally grumble about any and all of this? Yes, absolutely. Do we also understand that the job has to get done? Yes, absolutely. We’ve made our decision, and we’re going to carry it out as long as necessary and as long as we can.
Most guys know they’re never going to get the glory or public recognition that goes to a Colin Powell, Eli Manning, or Stephen King. When recognition comes, we’re often not quite sure how to respond; we say “anyone could do it” or “I was just doing my job.” Especially when that recognition seems out of proportion to what we do day in and day out, perhaps because the recognition only comes every 10 or 20 years.
The recognition is important though. As boys, we’re taught to do. We believe that we’ll be recognized, loved, and honored by the people around us for doing what needs to be done. For being quietly useful.
—Photo xavi talleda/Flickr | <urn:uuid:0563a1d4-c761-41f6-99e9-0d57872a6da3> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://goodmenproject.com/featured-content/masculinitys-quiet-usefulness/comment-page-1/ | 2015-02-01T18:11:07Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121478981.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124174438-00131-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96636 | 820 | [
0.9518,
0.9166,
0.9468,
0.9518,
0.9461,
0.9463,
0.9466,
0.9509,
0.9463,
0.9539,
0.034
] |
Experience Professional Food Services Marketing
How People Search For Catering Services?
People looking for food service companies to cater their event may check with their friends for references, they may also ask there friends on Facebook for suggestions. Then most will turn to the internet, go straight to their favorite search engine and type something like: “any-town + State + catering”. There are currently 2.24 Million searches done every month for the keyword “Catering”. How much of that traffic does your website get?
Whats The Best Way To Advertise
Let me ask you a question first, which do you think is more effective? A. Spending money on TV ads, Newspaper ads, and direct mail pieces, spending money to blast out ads at people hoping someone will pick up on their ads and say: “Oh hey, this is just what I’m looking for”, or B. Someone goes to the internet, types in the search box “local caterers”, and there you are #1 for the clicking. If you said B. your Right! It helps if you have a great online reputation with 5 star reviews all over the internet. (we do that)
Type A. is interrupting people, and B. is relevant and perfectly placed into the buying cycle. Needs meet supply perfectly on the internet search engines.
So your catering business should have at least a simple professional looking website to greet these people searching online. But you may or may not know, having a website does not guarantee anyone will ever see it. So you also need a means of marketing / promoting your catering website, this is where a specialist in local online marketing can make a difference.
Best Way Ever To Promote Your Local Catering Web Pages
I recommend a mix of search engine marketing (PPC/SEM) with heavy emphasis on your local community, and social inbound marketing. With paid search you want to make sure you have local SEO elements, and social buttons on your web pages, and an optimized Pay-Per-Click (PPC) campaign on Google. You want accounts with at least Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn to promote coupons and helpful content that generates buzz.
Next you will want to get your business set-up properly on local directories, and make sure to get listed on Google, Bing, and Yahoo. Being in the food industry, I would make sure to get listed on foodie sites like Yelp and Urbanspoon.
If you could use some catering advertising for your company, help promoting it, or generating leads, give us a call or email us. Getting a free online advertising evaluation would be a good place to start. | <urn:uuid:210cee1a-b7bd-431f-a2d9-8142f5e6ccc5> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://informlocal.com/local-marketing-agency/catering-advertising/ | 2015-02-01T18:06:48Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121478981.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124174438-00131-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940709 | 554 | [
0.8915,
0.8417,
0.7725,
0.8534,
0.8303,
0.9387,
0.94,
0.7057,
0.9507,
0.9554,
0.8807
] |
Rayner, A. D., 2011. Space cannot be cut: why self-identity naturally includes neighbourhood. Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 45 (2), pp. 161-184.
Psychology is not alone in its struggle with conceptualizing the dynamic relationship between space and individual or collective identity. This general epistemological issue haunts biology where it has a specific focus in evolutionary arguments. It arises because of the incompatibility between definitive logical systems of 'contradiction or unity', which can only apply to inert material systems, and natural evolutionary processes of cumulative energetic transformation. This incompatibility makes any attempt to apply definitive logic to evolutionary change unrealistic and paradoxical. It is important to recognise, because discrete perceptions of self and group, based on the supposition that any distinguishable identity can be completely cut free, as an 'independent singleness', from the space it inescapably includes and is included in, are a profound but unnecessary source of psychological, social and environmental conflict. These perceptions underlie Darwin's definition of 'natural selection' as 'the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life'. They result in precedence being given to striving for homogeneous supremacy, through the competitive suppression of others, instead of seeking sustainable, co-creative evolutionary relationship in spatially and temporally heterogeneous communities. Here, I show how 'natural inclusion', a new, post-dialectic understanding of evolutionary process, becomes possible through recognising space as a limitless, indivisible, receptive (non-resistive) 'intangible presence' vital for movement and communication, not as empty distance between one tangible thing and another. The fluid boundary logic of natural inclusion as the co-creative, fluid dynamic transformation of all through all in receptive spatial context, allows all form to be understood as flow-form, distinctive but dynamically continuous, not singularly discrete. This simple move from regarding space and boundaries as sources of discontinuity and discrete definition to sources of continuity and dynamic distinction correspondingly enables self-identity to be understood as a dynamic inclusion of neighbourhood, through the inclusion of space throughout and beyond all natural figural forms as configurations of energy. Fully to appreciate and communicate the significance of this move, it is necessary to widen the linguistic, mathematical and imaginative remit of conventional scientific argument and explication so as to include more poetic, fluid and artistic forms of expression.
|Item Type ||Articles|
|Creators||Rayner, A. D.|
|Uncontrolled Keywords||intangibility, energy flow, abstract logic, natural inclusion, inclusionality, boundaries, space, natural logic, self-identity, rationality, neighbourhood|
|Departments||Faculty of Science > Biology & Biochemistry|
|Publisher Statement||Rayner_IPBS_2011_45_2_161.pdf: The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com; Rayner_IPBS_2011_45_2_161.doc: The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com|
Actions (login required) | <urn:uuid:5bd53e42-bbe3-4bba-aadc-3dcd0bf66c9b> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://opus.bath.ac.uk/24620/ | 2015-02-01T18:12:11Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121478981.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124174438-00131-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.886747 | 629 | [
0.0517,
0.9426,
0.0196,
0.0161,
0.0087,
0.0273,
0.0063,
0.0527
] |
Tooterphants are friendly little creatures, similar in shape to elephants but with wide trunks that they like to make tooting noises with. They are also quite acrobatic, and enjoy climbing on top of each other.
This pattern has all the details to make two different sizes of Tooterphant.
You will need:
80g double knitting (dk) weight yarn (US: light worsted).
1 pair 13.5mm safety eyes.
60g double knitting (dk) weight yarn (US: light worsted).
1 pair 12mm safety eyes.
You will also need: | <urn:uuid:e81d74f1-2f26-4f73-93dd-1075297a0661> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.ravelry.com/patterns/library/tooterphants | 2015-02-01T18:33:28Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121478981.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124174438-00131-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.879328 | 126 | [
0.952,
0.9506,
0.8206,
0.5295,
0.4869,
0.5445,
0.4869,
0.8559
] |
Friday, May 23, 2014 - 5:30pm to 7:00pm
A132 Creative Arts Center
From May 21 – June 13, 2014 the Robert and Elaine Stein Galleries will be commemorating its 40th Season with an exhibition of alumni artwork. Over 80 artists and 115 works will be featured. Susan Byrnes, artist and independent curator, juried the exhibition.
The exhibition includes works in a wide variety of media, including sculpture, painting, printmaking, and video, all created within the last 3-5 years.
Please join us for a public reception on Friday, May 23, 5:30-7:00 p.m. in the Stein Galleries. Refreshements will be served along with a cash bar. | <urn:uuid:75508034-5de6-41ab-bd97-8e71b6fdfdad> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.wright.edu/events/2014-alumni-exhibition-reception | 2015-02-01T18:28:42Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121478981.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124174438-00131-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953073 | 154 | [
0.3344,
0.5969,
0.9536,
0.9559,
0.9615
] |
|This is Maimonides, our newest family member.|
This week has been interesting, although I don't think that's a bad thing. Stressful, yes. But most weeks are like that anymore, so I think I'm getting used to it. Also, I got a fish.
I've been struggling a little more with some depression and anxiety, but I don't think it's any more than it was when I started my recovery. Then again, I feel these moments of incredible, transcendent joy that come out of no where and just bring light into my eyes.
The week began with a pinched nerve in my neck, and I'm not entirely certain it's not ending that way too. On Sunday, the Emperor took me to our family doctor, who cracked my bones and gave me a scrip for some pain meds. I, of course, took the pain meds (with food*), and laid on the couch for the rest of the day (probably watching Star Trek). We went to bed around 11pm, but I didn't take another dose of my meds because pain meds mess with my sleep... so I was in bed, awake, until 2:30 at which time, I came out into the living room and watched The Late Late Show** on my laptop. I did take another pain pill at that point, and started falling asleep during the show, but when I turned it off I was wide awake again.
And I wanted to listen to the Stephanie Miller coverage of the inauguration, so I turned my radio on at that point and half-listened, half-slept for another hour or so. At 8:30 when the inauguration was supposed to begin I turned on the tv and watched the second inauguration of our country's first non-white president. I love President Obama, so it was kind of a big deal.
I then spent the rest of Monday half-asleep on the couch with episodes of Star Trek on in the background because I was only able to sleep with the tv on. I don't know why.
Tuesday was less interesting, although I wish I had gotten more work done, and Wednesday was interesting for other reasons... but Thursday was very stressful. However, despite the stress of Thursday I both had breakfast AND took a snack with me during my appointments and errands (including seeing my dad during his chemo appointment). Afterward, the Emperor and I had a nice dinner for date night, and both got long, much needed nights of sleep.
Today... today I got a fish (see above). I ate my leftovers from dinner out last night, and we even went on a walk to wish the trees a happy tu b'shevat (Jewish arbor day - or the birthday of the trees). I find a few areas a little lacking still -- I would like more intimacy, exercise, and vegetables -- but I'm finding my body image improving and that's a big deal. I've nearly completed my workbook, and have listened to several audiobooks that are building me back up.
As I go forward, I think I'll do more writing on the ideas that have been growing in my brain while I've been growing through this journey. I've learned a lot about what is real and what needs to change, and I'm excited to explore those with you.
*PF Chang's Gluten Free I-don't-feel-good Special: egg drop soup and kids fried rice with a little bit of chili paste
**that I can't watch it on my phone is a crime against Rachelity. | <urn:uuid:ee03024f-84c7-4ff4-807b-7a1f8f44d6c4> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://rachelsetzer.blogspot.com/2013_01_01_archive.html | 2015-01-26T20:27:19Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122191023.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175631-00035-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.985855 | 737 | [
0.5528,
0.948,
0.9573,
0.9545,
0.9568,
0.9559,
0.9556,
0.9565,
0.9592,
0.6192,
0.7587
] |
- Plan Your Visit
- Racing & Wagering
- Toteboard & Replays
- Raceday Information
- FastBet Mobile
- Learn to Win: Arlington University & More
- Expert Selections & Handicapping Information
- Stats and Standings
- Stakes & Simulcast Schedules
- Horsemen Services
- News - Videos - Blogs
- Trackside OTB
E. T. Baird Picks Up 2,000th Win
Longtime Chicago-based jockey E. T. Baird notched the 2,000th victory of his career when he guided John Karakourtis's Bond Street for trainer Hugh Robertson to a 2 1/2-length win in the second race Friday at Arlington Park.
Baird was joined in the winner's circle by family, friends, and agent Michelle Barsotti as well as his fellow riders and Arlington Park executives as a video played saluting the milestone score as well as highlights of his entire career.
"Great milestone," said Baird after the victory. "This is a great place to do it. I grew up here and I wouldn't want to have gotten it anywhere else."
The 42-year-old native of Arlington Heights was the 1996 riding champion at Hawthorne while still an apprentice and has been a mainstay on the Chicago circuit virtually his entire career. He entered Friday's card as the meet's leading jockey with an eight-win advantage over his closest rival. | <urn:uuid:ab610bf9-0634-4bf3-b92a-f1fe4886971b> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.arlingtonpark.com/news/archives/e-t-baird-picks-up-2000th-win | 2015-01-26T20:28:34Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122191023.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175631-00035-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969099 | 300 | [
0.81,
0.5977,
0.5888,
0.7001,
0.083,
0.5945,
0.8739,
0.8022,
0.7913,
0.1782,
0.0765,
0.7288,
0.8363,
0.9579,
0.9584,
0.9542,
0.9584
] |
Please select an available size.
Please select a size.
Share This Item: Email
Description: Chester Cabinet:
- Solid oak cabinet in limed grey finish
- Features two glass doors with covered shelving below the display shelves
- Measures 38 inches in width by 19 inches in depth by 90 in height
- Wipe with a dry cloth
Material: Oak, Glass
Care: Wipe with a dry cloth | <urn:uuid:4cff7da3-da30-4903-9e56-d370dc0a07c9> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.gilt.com/brand/zentique/product/178107263-zentique-chester-cabinet | 2015-01-26T21:17:35Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122191023.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175631-00035-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.740645 | 87 | [
0.9186,
0.8831,
0.0602,
0.4288,
0.9191,
0.9247,
0.2583,
0.9453,
0.2068,
0.9327
] |
Friday, September 30, 2011 7:15:04 PM
I would totally be that parent except for being as disinterested in sporting events as I am in being a parent. I suppose if I did have a kid, I could leave it at the game and kill to birds with one stone... so to speak.
Wednesday, September 28, 2011 8:32:52 PM
This actually isn't the first video i have seen of a man dropping a child to catch a foul ball. I saw an american man doing the same thing. But watching this mans body language, you can see that he is explaining to his wife that the wall was heading right for the girls face... but who knows ... xD | <urn:uuid:a06d2ff5-775f-4dc3-a306-5f75258e6f92> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.i-am-bored.com/bored_link.cfm?link_id=64304 | 2015-01-26T20:52:00Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122191023.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175631-00035-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984486 | 145 | [
0.2429,
0.9475,
0.2545,
0.9432
] |
Another crochet question
I am still learning to crochet, but it's taking me a while to get the hang of it! Thanks to all of you, I think I have figured out the turning chain and its relation to the stitch count. I am now attempting to crochet a bath mat. Here's my question. If I understand correctly, you do not generally crochet into the first stitch (hole) in the row on a dc row because the turning chain counts as a stitch. This pattern calls for one row of sc. Check. The pattern then states to dc into first sc. I assume this means that I crochet into the first hole below the first stitch, even though this stitch would usually be skipped on a dc row? | <urn:uuid:c6cc09d9-5561-4790-91a5-de86d17545c5> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.knittinghelp.com/forum/showthread.php?p=1396234&mode=threaded | 2015-01-26T21:20:50Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122191023.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175631-00035-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953065 | 146 | [
0.9047,
0.953
] |
- About Us
- Local Savings
- Green Editions
- Legal Notices
- Weekly Ads
Connect with Us
East and West Mercer Way 'present extreme danger when filled with bicyclists'
The City Council’s failure to protect all East and West Mercer Way users from the increasing hazard of joint auto-bicycle (Mercer Island dismisses ordinance to ban groups of bikers on city streets) was disappointing.
It does not take a Ph.D. in road engineering or political science to recognize the Council’s abandonment of two basic “R’s” — reality and responsibility — not grasping (1) that East and West Mercer, built in the ’20s with horse and mule-drawn equipment, now present extreme danger when filled with bicyclists, especially on weekends with summer weather approaching, and (2) that vocal opponents of something will always noisily attend and pack legislative meetings; in this case, successfully making the Council grovel to their objections.
A tragic accident, probably on one of many East and West Mercer’s blind curves, hopefully not a fatal one, will sadly be the impetus for genuine corrective measures, reinforced by a huge money judgment against the city, which has a non-delegable duty to provide safe roads. The protesters won’t be around when judgment payment time comes. | <urn:uuid:d27ab25d-986b-47ef-aff5-55b3c96a74b6> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.mi-reporter.com/opinion/letters/92785889.html | 2015-01-26T20:32:39Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122191023.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175631-00035-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92796 | 281 | [
0.1224,
0.5011,
0.3366,
0.5693,
0.4304,
0.4329,
0.9201,
0.9488,
0.8504,
0.9444
] |
This summer, love may become even more confusing for gypsy moths than it is for humans in 30 square miles of southwestern Allen County and southeastern Whitley County.
The state Department of Natural Resources has proposed spraying a broad swath of both counties with gypsy-moth mating pheromone in June. The aim is to thwart male gypsy moths in their search for females.
The state Department of Natural Resources has scheduled meetings in the next couple of weeks in several areas of the state to explain its proposals for controlling gypsy moths. The problem with gypsy moths is that in their destructive adolescence, as caterpillars, they can kill trees.
They are known to feed on hundreds of species of trees and shrubs, according to the DNR, but they prefer oak trees. When gypsy moth populations reach high levels, trees may be completely defoliated by feeding caterpillars. Several successive years of defoliation, combined with other stresses, can kill trees.
At the meeting, DNR staff will explain problems the moths can cause, where infestations are located and proposals to treat them.
The Allen County meetings are 3:30 and 6:30 p.m. Jan. 29 at Aboite Branch of Allen County
Public Library, 5630 Coventry Lane.
The Whitley County meeting is 6 p.m. Jan. 30 at at Peabody Library in Columbia City.
A much smaller area -- about 34 acres -- located about 4 miles southwest of Columbia City also is targeted for treatment by the DNR in May. The DNR proposes spraying that area with naturally occurring bacteria that will kill gypsy moth larvae. | <urn:uuid:ac1eca46-9c39-4071-befe-8baaf4012f81> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.news-sentinel.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20140123/NEWS/140129823/1054/ENTERTAIN | 2015-01-26T21:29:19Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122191023.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175631-00035-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968242 | 344 | [
0.9587,
0.9592,
0.9568,
0.9539,
0.9573,
0.9475,
0.6457,
0.9335,
0.9584
] |
In Matthew 18:20 Jesus told the disciples that when two or three are gathered together in his name, he will be there in the midst of them.
At Global Truth Ministries we try to take that concept seriously and believe that no matter what the occasion that we think about being “gathered” so that we can experience the reality of Christ in our midst.
We hope you feel it too whenever you interact with any of us. Follow the links if you’d like to learn more about what we believe has “gathered” us to ne and then to do. Blessings! | <urn:uuid:f4fda2c3-11e0-4905-8132-0f2fe4200ce7> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://globaltruth.us/about-us/ | 2015-01-25T10:11:21Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115863825.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161103-00215-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963047 | 125 | [
0.9423,
0.9556,
0.9124
] |
Google improved Google Calendar scheduling inside Gmail:
A new repeating event editor
The old interface for creating recurring events was clumsy and took up too much space on the screen. Now you'll see only a summary of your recurring event on the main event page; if you want to edit it, you can use a window that opens when you select the "Repeats" checkbox.
A new tool to help you find a time for your event
You'll notice a new tab on the event page that should make it easier to find a good time to schedule an event. When your friends or coworkers give you permission to see their calendars, you can click this tab to see a preview of their schedules and hover over their events to see what conflicts they might have. This should make scheduling a tad easier, especially for events with large numbers of guests. For Google Apps users, the new schedule preview can also show data from other calendar services using our Google Calendar Connectors API. | <urn:uuid:39368d88-e5be-4961-b279-3ad5ee44a1f7> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://mailplaneapp.com/blog/entry/easier_event_scheduling_in_google_calendar/ | 2015-01-25T10:15:25Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115863825.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161103-00215-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928476 | 195 | [
0.9513,
0.9327,
0.9518,
0.9299,
0.9507
] |
Tucumán Mapa Imagen
Tucumán is the a lot of densely populated, and the aboriginal by acreage area, of the ambit of Argentina. Located in the northwest of the country, the basic is San Miguel de Tucumán, generally beneath to Tucumán. Neighboring ambit are, clockwise from the north: Salta, Santiago del Estero and Catamarca. It is nicknamed El Jardín de la República (The Republic Garden). | <urn:uuid:c62190b7-2219-4ffa-922f-3ecd8a1f075e> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://mapa-argentina.blogspot.com/ | 2015-01-25T10:11:18Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115863825.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161103-00215-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.677171 | 106 | [
0.0373,
0.9423
] |
1 result for "gniezno^10 wielkopolska"
, Rogalin, Wielkopolska National Park, Morasko, Eastern Wielkopolska, Gniezno, Biskupin, Southeastern... If you want to distil the essence of Poland’s eventful history, head for Wielkopolska, the region where the Polish state was founded in the Middle Ages. This is the Wielkopolska chapter from Lonely... 7th Edition, Mar 2012. 25 pages.
Shopping help and FAQs | <urn:uuid:4f73eb73-b053-4e5d-b3b6-6e3739a59367> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://shop.lonelyplanet.com/shopSearch?q=gniezno%5E10+wielkopolska | 2015-01-25T10:17:53Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115863825.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161103-00215-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.70215 | 125 | [
0.0961,
0.7481,
0.9005
] |
Please consider following example:
The source image consists of 6 areas that need to be sliced up into 6 separate images.
How can I get the desired output using imagemagick. I tried to understand a possible solution presented in the imagemagick examples, but failed to transfer it to my specific problem.
What would be a way of solving this problem preferably in a one-liner? Since all the areas which i want to slice have the same size, but only differ in their offset, is there a way to somehow pass a preset area size, and then simply add the xy-offset for each area? | <urn:uuid:5d02b429-63b9-40fa-b256-ade9a88fdd18> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://stackoverflow.com/questions/9636350/using-imagemagick-how-can-i-slice-up-an-image-into-several-separate-images | 2015-01-25T11:21:29Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115863825.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161103-00215-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925924 | 127 | [
0.9164,
0.9111,
0.9367,
0.9209
] |
|You can use the anchors to remember your place. In FireFox, right click an anchor and select "Bookmark This Link". For Internet Explorer, click the anchor, then select "Add to Favorites" from the Favorites menu.|
“Doris?” the doctor said.
“Doris, do you know where you are?”
“Certainly,” Doris replied. “I’m in a hospital.”
“Good, good. Do you remember what happened?”
Doris furrowed her brow. “Not all of it, no… I think there was an explosion?”
“Yes, that’s right,” the doctor confirmed. “You were very lucky, Doris. Your father’s entire kitchen was destroyed by the explosion. It’s a miracle that you survived with only minor burns.”
“I supposed it is,” Doris smiled.
“Do you know who I am?”
“Are you my doctor?” Doris guessed.
“That’s right. I’m Doctor Mitchell.”
“A pleasure to meet you, Doctor,” Doris said politely.
“We’ve met a few times before, actually,” the doctor said. “You’ve been my patient for almost a week. Your memories are a bit jumbled.”
“Oh, I see,” Doris said. “Well that can’t be good.”
“You’re in fine physical shape, Doris. Nothing to worry about. You’re just a little confused. You had quite a shock to your system. Do you remember anything from after the explosion?”
“Um… no. Not really. I remember sirens, and men lifting me on to, well, I guess it must have been a gurney. Then it gets hazy.”
“That’s all right. It’ll come back to you. How about immediately before the explosion?”
“Hmm,” Doris said. “Well I remember being at my father’s house. I hadn’t seen him in some time and I’d gone over for a visit. I don’t remember the details, but I remember he wanted me to cook for him. I’m a professional chef, you see.”
“A chef,” to doctor said.
“Yes, indeed. I’ve been excellent at cooking my whole life. Ever since I was a little girl.”
“I see. Go on.”
“I never found Mr. Right,” Doris continued, “and in this modern era a woman doesn’t need a man to be complete, anyway. So I had to make do on my own. And cooking was the only thing I was good at.”
“May I ask, when did you first start cooking?”
“Well,” Doris pondered, “I guess it all started around the time my mother died. Once she was gone, my father insisted I start cooking for him. He said that he was earning the money to maintain the household, and I had to pull my weight.”
“How old were you at the time?”
“Eleven?” The doctor said. “That’s pretty young to be cooking.”
Doris shrugged. “It was no different at eleven than it is at thirty-five. I was a little smaller and things were harder to reach. But with experience, I got to be as good as any adult.”
“How often did your father make you cook for him?”
“Pretty much every evening. On weekends, he’d want lunch as well. Occasionally he’d want breakfast, but usually not.”
“Did you resent it?”
Doris looked back at the doctor. “Funny you should mention it. Yes. Yes, I did resent it. I didn’t like being forced in to that role, and I didn’t like his arrogant presumption that it was my job to do it. Yes, I resented it.”
“What did you do about it?” the doctor asked.
“Well, I left home just as soon as I turned 18. I went out in to the world to make my way. That was almost 20 years ago. Ironically, the thing I was running away from was the only saleable skill I had. So I became a chef.”
“How did that work out?”
“At first, not well,” Doris admitted. “I was working in terrible venues; People didn’t care about professionalism or presentation. They just wanted a quick meal and to be on their way. I hated it. But I pressed on.
“Then I learned how to market myself. I found the right places to advertise, and made the right contacts. I started moving up in the world of cooking. There is no shortcut, I can assure you. Becoming an expert at your profession, be it chef or doctor, requires a lot of hard work.
“In time, I earned a name for myself. I became a commodity. People would call me and offer me jobs, instead of me asking them. I started charging more and more, and people were willing to pay. I would do private parties, large groups, even invite premiere clients and their friends over for a custom meal in my own home. After all, the business they got for me was well worth giving up an evening for.”
“And during this time,” the doctor said, “you never visited your father?”
“No,” Doris said. “I guess I still resented him,” she said. “Irrational, I know. But there you have it. Emotions aren’t always rational.”
“So how did you end up at your father’s house the day of the explosion?”
“Well, I decided it was time to drop by,” Doris explained. “I figured I couldn’t hold a grudge forever. It had been 20 years. Maybe things didn’t go well for us back in the old days, but I was an adult now. And I figured I at least owed him a visit or two. He did raise me, after all.”
“And how’d that go?”
“Well, like I said, the first thing he wanted was for me to cook him a meal. I’ll be honest, it kind of made me angry. After 20 years, he hadn’t changed. Not at all. Not one little bit. I was pretty disappointed.”
“So what did you do?”
“I went to the kitchen,” Doris said. “What else could I do? He followed me in there. We chatted for a bit while I got ready to cook him something. It was a gas stove, and I must have inadvertently turned on the gas while talking to my father, then forgotten that I did so. Then I turned on another burner and tried to light it. That’s pretty much the last thing I remember.”
Doctor Mitchell leaned back in his chair. “Doris, can I ask you a question that may seem completely out of the blue?”
Doris shrugged, “Whatever you like, doctor.”
He took a deep breath, then let it out uneasily. Looking her in the eyes, he asked “What’s the difference between a teaspoon and a tablespoon?”
“What?” Doris said, taken by surprise.
“A teaspoon and a tablespoon? What’s the difference?”
“A teaspoon is a spoon used to stir tea,” Doris explained, “while a tablespoon is used for other eating uses, such as soups, custards, and desserts.”
Doctor Mitchell rubbed his brow. “No, Doris. Teaspoon and tablespoon are both units of measurement used by chefs all over the world. Any professional chef would know that. Even ordinary people who cook at home know that. You’re not a chef, Doris. You never have been.”
Doris snorted. “Well that’s just ridiculous. Of course I am. I’ve been doing it my whole life!”
“No you haven’t,” Doctor Mitchell said. “I have your criminal record. You’ve been arrested for prostitution seven times over the last 20 years.”
“Prosti-?” Doris stammered, incredulous. “That’s utterly absurd! You’ve obviously mixed up my file with someone else’s. What kind of hospital is this!?”
“It’s a mental hospital, Doris. You killed your father in that explosion, and you were trying to kill yourself, too.”
“No!” Doris yelled, struggling at her restraints. “That’s not true! I’m a chef!”
“You transposed sex with cooking. Ever since you were eleven. It was a defensive mechanism. It was the only way you were able to survive.”
“NO!” Doris screamed.
“But you were strong,” Doctor Mitchell said. “Stronger than he thought. Strong enough to run away, strong enough to survive by selling yourself, and strong enough to come back and get revenge for what he’d done to you.”
“NNNG!” Doris groaned.
“He’s dead,” Doctor Mitchell said, “He can’t ever hurt you again. He’s dead and you killed him. You got revenge. You won.”
Doris howled a primal scream so loud Doctor Mitchell worried she would permanently damage her vocal chords. He quickly pulled out a needle and injected her.
As she slipped in to unconsciousness, he made a note in his case log.
“We’ll get you through this,” Doctor Mitchell said to her unconscious form. “You survived things that would break normal people, and I’ll get you through the rest of the way. I promise.”
He checked his notes. Two days ago, she didn’t remember the explosion at all. Yesterday, she remembered the explosion, but not that it was at her father’s house. Tomorrow, she’d remember more. He was sure of it.
“I promise,” he said again as he left her room and locked the door.
Author’s Note: Now read it again. | <urn:uuid:19fa799b-2fe1-43c0-9671-ebfa91b75f65> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.galactanet.com/oneoff/thechef_mod.html | 2015-01-25T10:12:04Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115863825.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161103-00215-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982124 | 2,408 | [
0.584,
0.9504,
0.9521,
0.9559,
0.9535,
0.9548,
0.957,
0.9556,
0.9506,
0.9597,
0.9483,
0.9524,
0.9539,
0.9449,
0.9592,
0.9502,
0.9483,
0.9554,
0.6822,
0.9556,
0.9395,
0.9573,
0.9523,
0.9587,
0.9478,
0.9502,
0.9491,
0.952,
0.9349,
0.9533,
0.9551,
0.9568,
0.9415,
0.944,
0.9478,
0.927,
0.9353,
0.9542,
0.949,
0.9551,
0.9542,
0.9515,
0.9496,
0.9473,
0.9556,
0.9548,
0.9451,
0.9562,
0.9516,
0.9421,
0.9512,
0.9491,
0.943,
0.862,
0.9419,
0.9041,
0.923,
0.9029,
0.9156,
0.9545,
0.9214,
0.9465,
0.8771,
0.9587,
0.9562,
0.9468,
0.9488,
0.5303
] |
The traffic cameras sit atop their poles at Jefferson Parish's busiest intersections, inviting drivers to flip the bird as they barrel through a red light. The cameras quit flashing more than two years ago, when the Parish Council was thunderstruck to discover that the company that installed them had cut in a former New Orleans city councilman and a local judge's wife for a slice of the fines.
That was the official explanation for pulling the plug anyway. But official explanations and the truth do not always coincide. If council members were really shocked, they are too naïve for this game.
Redflex won the contract to snap red-light runners in 2006, partly, no doubt, because Bryan Wagner and Julie Murphy pleaded its case with the council so eloquently. Political connections made them an obvious choice when Redflex was looking for lobbyists.
The losing contender for the Jefferson Parish contract, American Traffic Solutions, was looking to buy some stroke too. It went for Hunter Johnston, a Washington lawyer and lobbyist whose father is our former U.S. Senator Bennett Johnston. Hunter Johnston said he set up some meetings for American Traffic with parish councilmen, but it was the locals who really earned their fees.
It was all upfront too. The paper reported that Wagner and Murphy were buttonholing the council on Redflex's behalf, and it is unlikely that anyone thought they were working pro bono. Wagner, who is not only an ex city councilman but a bigwig in the state GOP, was not doing anything unusual for an old pol.
There are places where it would be regarded as unseemly for Murphy to be peddling influence in the government offices right next door to the courthouse where her husband Bob is a state district judge. Jefferson Parish has never been that finicky, however.
Soon after Redflex's traffic enforcement cameras were installed in 2007, all members of the Parish Council were re-elected, but early in 2008 the backlash began in earnest. A federal lawsuit was filed asserting that cameras were an affront to all the Founding Fathers held dear, and when a judge threw it out the next year, the plaintiffs marched into state court and started again.
The council cannot have expected to endear itself to the bad drivers of Jefferson Parish, but it was now becoming apparent that there might be enough of them to swing an election. By 2010 the parish had collected almost $20 million in fines, at $110 a pop, and resentment ran high. There was no dissenting voice when the council voted to turn them off.
The council professed itself outraged by the revelation that Redflex had agreed to pay 3.2 percent of its Jefferson Parish revenues to Wagner and Murphy and claimed the vote might have gone the other way had that been known at the time. What Redflex did with its profits made no difference to the taxpayer, but the council had a pretext to get itself out of a jam.
Jefferson Parish has kept all the moolah in escrow pending resolution of the constitutional challenge. Since the litigation has only been in progress for a few years, an early ruling is hardly to be expected.
Redflex grows impatient for its money, however, and has just billed the parish $4.7 million for its share of fines and $2.6 million in delinquency fees. Interest accrues at the rate of $66,197 a month. Sending the bill appears to be a waste of time, since Redflex filed a lawsuit of its own demanding payment shortly after the cameras were turned off. The parish will have to settle up one day, but refuses to be rushed.
The Redflex lawsuit also demands that the cameras be turned back on, which presumably won't happen until the constitutional challenge is resolved, if then. Meanwhile, the debate rages on. Some say cameras make the roads safer -- as studies appear to confirm -- but others are convinced they rake in easy money for government and its pals.
Both sides, of course, are correct, but it is simple enough to block that easy money by letting the guy with a green light go. You can still slip the camera the bird.
James Gill is a columnist for The Times-Picayune. | <urn:uuid:39805efc-c1cc-458b-9795-0709d3019e21> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.nola.com/opinions/index.ssf/2012/07/jefferson_parish_officials_out.html | 2015-01-25T10:51:26Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115863825.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161103-00215-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.985611 | 848 | [
0.9506,
0.9435,
0.9542,
0.953,
0.9568,
0.9535,
0.9527,
0.9521,
0.9423,
0.9529,
0.949,
0.9398,
0.9446,
0.5791
] |
Overview: In the three major sections of this chapter, we examine the findings and theories having to do with extinction and partial reinforcement. We start in the first section with an overview of extinction and related findings and procedures, and examine some factors that influence how rapidly extinction occurs. Three classical accounts of extinction are then presented. These include Hull's Drive Reduction Theory of extinction which claims that extinction involves a drive component, Guthrie's Contiguity Theory of extinction in which response competition plays the major role, and finally, the Mowrer and Jones claim (Discrimination Theory) that extinction involves learning to discriminate a current no-outcome situation from the previous response-generated outcome context the organism found itself in. The second section overviews the partial reinforcement effect. Various partial reinforcement schedules are discussed here, as are two popular theories of extinction following partial reinforcement: the Frustration Hypothesis of Amsel, and the Sequential Hypothesis of Capaldi. The final section presents and evaluates the work of people like Hulse demonstrating that animals are sensitive to global patterns of outcomes.
In short, extinction isn't
the opposite of learning, it is learning. And the fact that it often
seems to involve withholding a response should not mislead you about
that. To remind you, performance is not the same as learning:
What you see (or don't see, in this case) isn't all there is; there
are numerous possible internal mechanisms and reasons behind the actual
Some Basic Findings
There are a number of factors that can influence resistance to extinction (and we will examine some of these below). But in general, extinction displays the same type of diminishing returns curve as does acquisition: The bigger changes will occur early in extinction, and later sessions of extinction will display progressively smaller changes in the response. Thus, as was true of acquisition, extinction involves a response being driven towards an asymptotic level of performance.
Moreover, as you may remember, extinction is also characterized by a phenomenon referred to as spontaneous recovery: Presentation of the stimulus following extinction will likely cause momentary and temporary recovery of the response. How much recovery occurs will depend on several factors. One of these is the time interval between the last session of extinction, and the current test of the stimulus: The longer you wait after extinction to test for spontaneous recovery, the more likely it is that you will obtain it. Another is the number of sessions of extinction: With repeated sessions that take the animal close to the extinction asymptote, spontaneous recovery becomes less likely.
As was true of acquisition, extinction is characterized by generalization: A response extinguished in the presence of one stimulus tends not to be observed in the presence of other, similar stimuli. (Of course, we assume here that the response was previously given to these, so that we are now seeing something new.) In this case, the resulting gradient is normally referred to as a gradient of inhibition.
Finally, following extinction, relearning of the response will typically exhibit a significant savings score, consistent with the claim that extinction isn't simple forgetting. Indeed, theorists such as Rescorla have taken the speeded relearning as evidence that extinction doesn't technically involve replacing a response's excitation with inhibition. The argument Rescorla uses is that a truly inhibited response should pass the retardation test. That means that it should take longer to learn, resulting in a negative savings score. Thus, Rescorla views positive savings as evidence that extinction does not really involve inhibition (as was originally claimed by theorists such as Pavlov). But because there is a savings, we may at the same time presume that something of the original excitatory association has remained in the animal's memory.
But what of the speed of extinction? Is there anything that might usefully be said about that? In fact, there is. As you already know from previous chapters, a number of factors influence the speed of extinction (its resistance). Thus, we read earlier (Chapters 4 and 5) about the Fowler and Miller and the Baum studies in which forcing competing responses speeded up extinction. We also read in Chapter 4 about the Boe and Church study in which punishment of the response during a pre-extinction 15-minute session speeded up extinction, the speed-up depending on the severity of the punisher. In Chapter 5, the Seward and Levy study on latent extinction was introduced, a study that will prove particularly relevant to evaluating several of the theories below. To remind you, Seward and Levy associated a goal box with non-reinforcement, and found that this speeded up extinction of running to the goal box. And finally, the partial reinforcement effect was briefly discussed in Chapter 4. In partial reinforcement schedules, only some responses are reinforced during learning, rather than every single response. Different partial reinforcement schedules will have differing effects of extinction, but in general, partial reinforcement will lead to greater resistance to extinction than continuous reinforcement.
One final preliminary is worth noting here: With continuous reinforcement, whatever tends to result in faster acquisition or a higher rate of acquisition during learning will, paradoxically, result in faster extinction. Both Roberts and Amsel, for example, have shown that larger reinforcers lead to faster extinction when they are removed. In like fashion, there are a number of studies suggesting that greater numbers of continuously reinforced trials during acquisition will result in faster extinction. Such findings are at first blush problematic for associationist theories that claim that larger reinforcers or more pairings result in a stronger association: Shouldn't a stronger association result in longer-lasting learning?
There are actually a number of procedures that may be used to lower the expression of a response. One that you are certainly aware of, for example, is punishment training: the association of a response with an unpleasant outcome. Although extinction and punishment at first seem different, there are some strong similarities between them at an abstract level, especially when we are dealing with the extinction of a previously-reinforced response. In some sense, we can think of extinction in this situation as the removal of an expected reinforcer following a response, and that definition gets us very close to the definition of negative punishment that we briefly considered in Chapter 4. On this account, the normal extinction procedure represents a kind of mild punishment. Of course, we learned earlier in the Boe and Church study that mild punishers do not work well. However, if you go back to that study, you will see that mild punishers are as effective as extinction: They work more slowly than strong punishers, but they eventually do work. In many studies in which mild punishers have seemed ineffective, they have failed to be compared to extinction. Perhaps the temporary suppression of behavior by a mild punisher ought more properly to be compared to the temporary suppression in extinction. In the latter, as you know from our discussion of spontaneous recovery, there is also a recovery of the response, the amount of recovery depending on the amount of time that has passed.
The point of this discussion, of course, is to broaden our horizons about how to think of extinction. If we regard extinction as the loss of an expected outcome, then there are really a number of procedures that may fit this definition in addition to punishment training and simple loss of the outcome. We can add to our list omission training, for example, in which we typically require an animal to withhold a response that has previously been associated with reinforcement. In the typical omission training procedure, unlike the two procedures mentioned above, we actually now reinforce the animal for not responding. An example is the Sheffield experiment described in Chapter 4, in which dogs were rewarded for not immediately drooling in the presence of food.
Another procedure we came across in the last chapter (in the discussion on Premack) was to follow a strong response (a preferred response) with a weaker (less preferred) response. That procedure by itself doesn't easily fit the portrait of extinction we are starting to build up. But if you now re-analyze this situation from the point of view of Timberlake and Allison's response deprivation hypothesis (the equilibrium theory), you can see that this procedure deliberately throws the weak response out of equilibrium: The procedure moves the weak response well above its bliss point. Having a response out of equilibrium is a type of punisher, so that we would now expect the animal to moderate the expression of the stronger response down, in order to find the best compromise for how often these two responses are performed (i.e., the point nearest their joint bliss point). Indeed, you may wish to consider what the Timberlake and Allison theory might have to say about following a response with a punishment such as shock. Shock certainly has to be an activity that occurs well above its bliss point in this type of experiment, resulting in strong pressure to moderate the shocks downward. Thus, certain types of experimentally induced disequilibrium can result in smaller levels of responding.
A final procedure that we can discuss here involves simply removing the contingency between the response and the outcome. That is, we move the animal to some point on the diagonal in the optimal contingency space. On the diagonal, the probability of an outcome is the same whether the animal makes or withholds the response, resulting in a zero contingency between the response and the outcome. To remind you, Hammond found that rats that had learned a response ceased making the response once the contingency became zero. Normally, procedures such as omission training and establishment of a zero contingency result in a slower build-up of non-responding compared to the typical extinction procedure, but over the long haul, they appear to be as effective as extinction.
Now that we have discussed
some of the preliminaries, let's move on to some of the classic theories
Formulation Of The Theory
Let us start with the notion of two associations, one excitatory; the other, inhibitory. The excitatory association is SHR, of course, the habit strength between a stimulus and a response. The inhibitory association, by contrast, is SIR, which Hull termed conditioned inhibition. At the start of learning (and generally, until after the extinction procedure has started), SIR is at zero.
But you will recall that there were two types of inhibition in Hull's system. The other type of inhibition was not learned. This type Hull called reactive inhibition, or IR. Do note that there is no subscript for the stimulus in the formalism for reactive inhibition. That is because reactive inhibition doesn't depend on the stimulus at all. Rather, reactive inhibition is a type of fatigue or resistance that occurs with the performance of a response, and that makes that response a little bit less likely to occur in the immediate future. Normally, during initial learning, the presence of a reinforcer increases the habit strength, so that we get boosts in both SHR and IR. But the bigger boost presumably occurs in SHR, which means that excitation will be larger than inhibition. So long as that is the case, we would expect to see continued responding during learning, even though we may presume that there is a lot of reactive inhibition about, if the learning trials are spaced relatively closely together.
Fatigue, however, is something that we recover from by resting. In like fashion, Hull claimed that reactive inhibition would fade away when the animal had a chance to rest from doing the response. So, in any given situation, the amount of reactive inhibition would depend on how long ago the animal had responded.
That brings us to the normal extinction procedure, in which we remove the reinforcer. Once the reinforcer is gone, SHR no longer increases. But as the animal keeps responding, reactive inhibition keeps increasing, until finally, the total amount of reactive inhibition exceeds the amount of excitation. And when that happens, by the principle of algebraic summation (i.e., effective reaction potential), the animal ceases to respond.
There is a sense in which this should remind you of the approach-avoidance situation we discussed earlier. Like Hull, Dollard and Miller claim that a response can be associated with both excitation and inhibition. And like Hull, they claim that whether the animal makes or withholds the response (runs towards or away from the goal in the example from Dollard and Miller in Chapter 4) depends on algebraic summation. But unlike Hull, their avoidance gradients (inhibition) don't change with rest.
An illustration might be useful at this point. Figure 1 shows some sample results that represent what might happen at various stages during extinction. In each case, the light blue bars (the ones with the letters in them) represent the habit strength, or SHR . These bars are identical to one another: They represent how strong the habit strength is, going into extinction. Because there is no more reinforcement, the habit strength will not change.
The first two bars (the A pair) are meant to capture roughly what happens well into extinction, at a point where the reactive inhibition has built up dramatically. (Reactive inhibition in Figure 1 is represented by the patterned bars: the purple bars, for those of you with a color monitor.) In this case, the reactive inhibition has increased past the level of excitation. Now assuming (for the sake of argument) that D and V and K are all equal to 1, then the animal should no longer respond at this point: Inhibition should be greater than excitation, so that there will be a negative effective reaction potential.
However, since the animal at Point A stops doing the response (and starts resting those muscles associated with that particular response), the reaction inhibition now has a chance to start fading away. Thus, after a relatively short while, reaction inhibition will decrease to the point that inhibition is now slightly less than excitation. That point is represented by the B bars (the second pair of bars) in Figure 1. Note that excitation is stronger, so we would expect the animal to start responding again (because the effective reaction potential in this example has now gone positive).
One more point is important about what happens at B: Hull considers reactive inhibition to be an unpleasant drive state. And as you can see in comparing what happens to inhibition at Points A and B, there is drive reduction. Thus, we have met the condition that there be some sort of reinforcer present for learning during extinction. That reinforcer is the decrease in reactive inhibition over time. But note that this decrease occurred because the animal performed a response that allowed the reduction in reactive inhibition. What was that response? Quite simply, the response of not using the particular muscle movements it had been executing earlier. We will call this the response of not responding, for short. Thus, at Point B, the animal is reinforced for not responding, because the reactive inhibition has lessened a sufficient amount.
The response of not responding is what Hull has in mind when he speaks of conditioned inhibition. Please understand that this conditioned inhibition is not a drive state, unlike the reactive inhibition. Instead, it is a learned association between the stimulus and a response that essentially teaches the animal not to do that response. Thus, a little bit later, at Point C, the total inhibition the animal will have can be represented by the amount of reactive inhibition it still has left, and by the amount of conditioned inhibition it has now acquired. I have represented conditioned inhibition with the dark region of the inhibition bar in C. As you can see, there is a bit of conditioned inhibition here, but much more reactive inhibition. However, since the total inhibition is less than the excitation, we would expect the animal to start responding again at Point C. If, however, we have removed the animal from the experimental apparatus so that it cannot make the response, then with additional time (and rest), the reactive inhibition should have totally dissipated, leaving only the conditioned inhibition behind. This situation is represented by the D pair of bars. At Point D, there is a great deal of excitation, and some conditioned inhibition. Thus, when we decide to return our animal to the apparatus, the animal should start the process of (futilely) making the response anew. Like excitation, conditioned inhibition can never decrease.
You can work out from this example what should happen next. The animal keeps responding until reactive inhibition builds up so that total inhibition (reactive and conditioned) exceeds excitation. Of course, less reactive inhibition will be needed for a negative effective reaction potential than previously, because there is some conditioned inhibition present. In any case, when the inhibition builds up to sufficiently high levels, the animal stops responding. That results in a further opportunity for drive reduction, which, in turn, increases the total amount of permanent, conditioned inhibition. This cycle continues until conditioned inhibition is always higher than excitation. At that point, extinction has been successfully completed.
Some Compatible Predictions
There are a number of findings that are compatible with this approach to extinction. Some of these we have discussed previously. Among these is the spacing effect. To remind you, the spacing effect refers to whether initial learning involves massed practice in which there is very little break between trials, or spaced practice in which the animal rests a bit before going on to the next trial. All other things being equal, spaced practice results in significantly better learning.
You can probably figure out why Hull's model is compatible with this approach. Reactive inhibition should occur each time the animal responds in either condition. But in spaced practice, there is time for the reactive inhibition to decrease between trials. So, by algebraic summation, there should be relatively more net excitation in spaced practice, resulting in a stronger response.
There is another finding arising from the spacing effect that also fits this model. For this finding, we will restrict ourselves to a condition in which we put our animals through just massed practice. Following the end of the practice session, there is a tendency for the response to get stronger with time. The diagram for this experiment would be something like the following:
Group Initial Learning Response Tested At
5 sec after practice
2 massed practice 30 min after practice
Here, Group 2 will show a stronger response, even though both groups have had the same initial learning. This finding is called the reminiscence effect. The reason it fits Hull is that Group 2 has had an additional 30 minutes in which to allow reactive inhibition to go away. So, its relative excitation (effective reaction potential: excitation minus inhibition) will be stronger.
A second compatible finding is spontaneous recovery. If you go back to Figure 1, you can see why spontaneous recovery should occur by comparing relative excitation at Points A and B. At Point B, the reactive inhibition has decreased past the excitation, so that the response is now positively excited once more. In general, when we think we are at extinction, there is a little bit of reactive inhibition on top of a large amount of conditioned inhibition, and when that little bit of reactive inhibition goes away, the conditioned inhibition may be below the conditioned excitation. To give you a feel for this, spontaneous recovery reaches a maximum several hours after extinction, and may then persist for several days. Indeed, Mackintosh and others have found that the amount of spontaneous recovery can be quite substantial (see also a recent interesting simulation of this effect by Dragoi and Staddon).
Of course, it is possible to get rid of spontaneous recovery, but the procedure that is normally required involves successive sessions of extinction. If you think about what goes on in successive sessions, you will realize that each session builds up more and more conditioned inhibition, so that each succeeding session will require less and less reactive inhibition before the animal stops responding. Our prediction here is that spontaneous recovery should decrease over repeated sessions (it does!) until, finally, there is no spontaneous recovery because conditioned inhibition always equals or exceeds excitation.
A third set of findings involves the effort or strength required to make a response: The more effort is required, the faster the extinction will be. From the standpoint of Hull's theory, greater effort will fatigue the muscles more, resulting in greater reactive inhibition.
One more compatible finding may be mentioned. If we compare the normal extinction procedure with the procedure of moving the animal to a zero contingency (as in Hammond's study), we find initially slower extinction in the latter. This is also consistent with Hull, at least at broad scale: A zero contingency means that there will be some random pairings of a response with drive reduction. Thus, conditioned excitation no longer stays at the same level in this procedure. If excitation is rising along with inhibition, then we would certainly expect extinction to slow down compared to the usual procedure.
I earlier wrote that the Seward and Levy study would prove important for evaluating a number of theories. Here is our first test case. They set up their experiment as follows:
Group Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3
Experimental run to goal
in goal with no RF extinction
Control run to goal extinction
And what they found, of course, was that the group with the experience of being placed in a goal box that no longer delivered food extinguished more rapidly. Apparently, their process of extinction had already started in Phase 2.
So why is this finding problematic for Hull? The answer will turn out to be quite similar to the reason Light and Gantt's finding (the study on classically conditioning paw withdrawal in temporarily paralyzed dogs) was problematic for Hull's theory of classical conditioning. For Hull, a response has to be made in order for learning to occur. And specifically with respect to extinction, a response has to be made in order for there to be a build-up of reactive inhibition. But the animals in Seward and Levy's experimental group did not make the response of running to the goal box. Therefore, that response could not have become associated with IR.
A similar type of finding occurs in a study by Heyes, Jaldow, and Dawson. They did an experiment on observational learning in which one group of rats saw another go through extinction (i.e., our group saw the others perform a response they had also learned, but they also saw that the response longer resulted in reinforcement). As you might expect from the discussion of vicarious punishment in the previous chapter, the observational group exhibited faster extinction. But as in the Seward and Levy study, the observational group had apparently started the process of extinction before ever making a non-reinforced response. They should not have had any reactive inhibition from simply observing other rats. Hull would therefore have a great deal of difficulty explaining this finding. As you may imagine, there are now a number of studies that employ some variant of a procedure in which extinction can commence in the absence of an overt, physical, non-reinforced response by the animal.
A third class of findings concerns the partial reinforcement effect. Normally, animals on partial reinforcement exhibit slower extinction. However, Hull would predict the exact opposite finding, as continuously reinforced animals have had more trials involving drive reduction, and thus, should have a much stronger habit strength.
Finally, a related problem for Hull involves the fact that extinction in continuously reinforced animals appears to be inversely related to the number of acquisition trials. For Hull, having a large number of reinforced trials should mean having very strong habit strength, so that a very high level of inhibition will be needed before the animal stops responding (i.e., before the inhibition equals or exceeds excitation). However, quite the opposite effect tends to occur: Large numbers of continuously reinforced trials appear to result in faster extinction rather than the predicted slower pace.
You already know of the numerous
problems that Hull's theory of excitatory learning ran in to; those problems
combined with the issues mentioned above were sufficient to send theorists
scurrying for another explanation.
In any case, once the response we are interested in is emitted by the animal, a new stimulus (the reinforcer indicated by the second oval) enters into the context. And as you can see from this diagram, the responses that condition to this new stimulus do not overlay the previous response that led to it (bar pressing, for example).
So, there is nothing magic about reinforcement in Guthrie's theory. Indeed, any significant stimulus that causes the animal to orient to it should have had the same effect, and not just those stimuli that involve food or drink.
Given this, Guthrie's theory of extinction is simply as follows: When a given response no longer leads to reinforcement, other responses may now be made after it that will overlay (and thus compete with) it. Accordingly, the principle of postremity will now support the expression of the later responses. Thus, much as did Hull, Guthrie believes that extinction is also learning. But, it is the learning of new responses that will compete with the old response. Remove the second oval in Figure 2, and you now have the opportunity for a very long deck of responses in which bar pressing is somewhere in the middle, instead of on top.
The principle of response competition is an important one, although many theorists feel that response competition needs to be associated with further mechanisms such as frustration (see the discussion of Amsel's theory below). Nevertheless, there are a number of studies that support the idea that competing responses will speed extinction. We have already briefly read about the Baum and the Fowler and Miller studies at the beginning of this chapter. To remind you, Baum looked at the course of extinction of an avoidance response. In one experiment by Lenderhendler and Baum, rats were flooded with danger signals during extinction, because they were physically prevented from leaving the area where they had previously been punished. In this situation, as you may remember from our discussion of learned helplessness, they tend to freeze after a few seconds. Freezing, of course, isn't a competing response, as Maier demonstrated: It is an SSDR to a danger signal. But what Lenderhendler and Maier did was to force the rats to move around a bit by pushing them. That act should result in competing responses being emitted, since it forces a variety of behavioral responses out of the animals. Consistent with Guthrie's theory, rats forced to move displayed faster extinction.
Similarly, in the Fowler and Miller study, rats entering a goal box were shocked either on their front paws, or on their rear paws. Shock at the rear causes forward movement which is compatible with the response of moving forward to the goal; shock at the front causes backward movement which is the opposite of the response of moving forward. Note in this experiment that both groups of animals are receiving the same shocks, and that both groups of animals could have avoided these shocks simply by refusing to enter into the goal area. Nevertheless, the results were consistent with the principle of competing responses: The front-shock group extinguished more rapidly.
An experiment by Adelman and Maatsch also well illustrates the effect of response compatibility. In their study, rats were trained to run to a goal box, as in the Fowler and Miller study. However, during extinction, one group of rats had to go back into the alley to be removed from the maze, whereas a second group had to jump over a hurdle from the goal box into a further portion of the maze to be removed. Much as in the Fowler and Miller study, one group thus performed responses that were incompatible with the original response (going back versus going forward), but the other performed responses that were compatible (both involving going forward). As you ought by now to expect, the group that had to continue going forward took longer to extinguish.
From the latter two studies, in particular, we can derive an important point: Only some of the responses acquired later will be competing responses. It is possible for an animal to acquire a series of compatible responses that effectively maintain its performance because they include important components of the earlier response, or because they essentially constitute a minor modification or elaboration of the earlier response, or because they may be expressed simultaneously with the original response.
Despite the successes of competing response theory, however, there are also indications that additional factors will need to come into play. Scavio, for example, trained rabbits with the nictitating membrane paradigm in classical conditioning. The rabbits learned to blink to CS1 because CS1 had been paired with a mild shock administered near the eye. Later, Scavio found out that presence of CS1 interfered with rabbits learning to move their jaws to food in the presence of another CS. (This involves the summation test we learned about earlier.) The reason this poses a problem for Guthrie is that jaw movement and eye blinking are not competing responses: It is possible to do both at the same time. Of course, the shock UCS and the food UCS may involve very different, competing emotional states, but competing emotions were not what Guthrie's theory was about.
A final point concerning Guthrie's theory is that the Seward and Levy study on latent extinction and the Heyes et al. study on observational learning are, strictly speaking, not completely compatible with Guthrie. Regarding the latter study, animals that are observing other animals go through extinction aren't really making competing responses (at least, any more than animals watching other animals go through acquisition), so that they ought not to have a headstart on extinction. (There is an interesting empirical question here that Bandura's theory suggests: Does vicarious punishment result in differential behaviors in the observing group while it observes? That is, can we build a theory in which watching others go through extinction increases our activity at that moment, so that new responses may be associated with the observable stimuli?) And regarding the Seward and Levy study, animals temporarily placed in a goal box without food might be acquiring competing responses having to do with the stimulus complex of being in the goal box, but no competing responses are being associated with the start box or the alley to the goal box, since the animals are not placed in that portion of the maze.
The notion of competing responses
is certainly important, but contrary to Guthrie, it is not the sole explanation
Mowrer and Jones's theory, the Discrimination Hypothesis, is a good sample representative of this group. According to Mowrer and Jones, the animal in extinction essentially has to learn that this is a new stimulus condition for which a different response is appropriate. Put that way, the animal has to learn to discriminate between the learning stimuli and the extinction stimuli. However, one of the findings that we know from the literature on generalization and discrimination is that ease of discrimination between two stimuli will be inversely related to their similarity. Greater similarity results in greater generalization, which makes learning the discrimination more difficult. You can, if you wish, come up with a variety of reasons why similar stimuli ought to yield greater difficulties in discrimination learning (see also the next chapter). Perhaps they are simply much harder to tell apart, so that the animal has to spend additional time orienting to subtle differences between them. Alternatively, from a Hullian point of view, perhaps the greater generalization means a higher level of conditioned excitation that requires extended training to overcome (i.e., more trials to build up sufficiently high levels of conditioned inhibition). The precise reason for the finding is less important, at the moment, than the general principle that similarity will influence rate of extinction.
An obvious test of the Discrimination Hypothesis is to vary the similarity of learning and extinction, in order to see whether greater differences lead to faster extinction. (Guthrie would make the same prediction, by the way; can you figure out why?) A good example of this type of study involves an experiment by Welker and McAuley. They trained four groups of rats to bar press in a Skinner box. All groups were trained in the same way, and the training involved both being transported to the experimental apparatus in the same fashion, and being surrounded by the same types of contextual cues once in the Skinner box. In terms of mode of transportation, the rats first had the water bottles removed from their home cages, and then had the cages placed on a trolley with a paper liner. In the Skinner box itself, there were wood shavings on the floor; a lighted circle above the bar; and a continual noise in the background.
The four groups of rats were then put through extinction procedures, but their extinction procedures differed. Essentially, the design for extinction was as follows:
Group Extinction Procedure
no more RF
2 new transportation; no more RF
3 new box cues; no more RF
4 new transportation & box cues; no RF
The new box cues involved the disappearance of the noise and the light, and the use of a paper liner at the bottom of the Skinner box rather than wood shavings. Similar changes were implemented having to do with the stimuli involved in the transportation method. Welker and McAuley found the fastest extinction for the groups with the new box cues (Groups 3 and 4), and the slowest extinction for the group that just had the reinforcer removed (Group 1). The group with the new method of transportation (Group 2) was in between these.
There is a certain sense in which the Discrimination Hypothesis is similar to an important theory having to do with human memory. This is Tulving's Principle of Encoding Specificity (see Chapter 8). According to Tulving, when we form memory episodes, we also include information about the environmental cues that were present at the time of the event. Remembering in part involves using probes or retrieval cues that will prime or activate the appropriate memories (remember the discussion of Wagner's model of classical conditioning!) The best retrieval cues, of course, will be those that are actually part of the episode or memory. Thus, Tulving points out that memory ought to be most successful when we are in an environment similar to that in which we originally learned. The reason is that by looking around us at the environment, we should already be activating some of the environmental cues that were earlier included in the memory. So, there is a similarity principle here that states that similarity of learning and retrieval contexts will facilitate recall.
Let us now coordinate this principle with the Discrimination Hypothesis. If the environment the animal finds itself in is completely different, then we would not expect any memories of a given response to be activated that would result in performance of that response. In this sense, there will be no need to learn to extinguish the response, because it is simply not elicited by the environment. But as the extinction environment becomes more similar to the original learning environment, the memories of what the animal did earlier are more likely to be primed. Extinction in this sense involves acquiring new memories that activate a different response. Thus, how strongly a given environment activates old memories of responding can be taken as a rough guide to how much interference there will be with learning a new response.
We can perhaps capture the relationship between these two compatible approaches by stating that Tulving's theory has to do with how easy it is to remember in similar contexts, and Mowrer and Jones's theory has to do with how hard it is to suppress or overcome those memories in similar contexts.
There is an important lesson here for you in Tulving's work. When you take an exam, try to reinstate the context in which you originally studied the materials. Thinking about that context or environment may help provide you with appropriate retrieval cues. We will see in a later chapter that this is a powerful technique, and you will learn about a number of studies that support it. In the meantime, it is a principle you can put to work.
Back to Mowrer and Jones's theory: Note that this theory in principle can also explain the effects of large reinforcers during initial continuously reinforced learning (e.g., Roberts's finding that large reinforcers lead to faster extinction). A standard experiment on reinforcement size effects would involve a design such as the following:
Group Acquisition Phase Extinction Phase
small reinforcement no
2 large reinforcement no reinforcement
I have included this design because it makes obvious the change in similarity between the two groups in the acquisition and extinction phases. You need to think of a reinforcer as one of the stimulus elements that define the context in which responding is maintained. Within this framework, a small reinforcement is more like no reinforcement than a large reinforcement is. Our prediction from the Discrimination Hypothesis would thus be one of greater resistance to extinction in Group 1, precisely the result that Roberts and others obtain.
As a final example of work compatible with this theory, we may consider a study by Dyal and Sytsma. They ran four groups of animals, three of whom had some exposure to partial reinforcement (recall that the partial reinforcement effect predicts greater resistance to extinction in partially reinforced groups). In all groups, there were two sessions of reinforcement-based learning, but two of these groups had a session of continuous reinforcement, and a session of partial reinforcement. These two differed in which came first. The issue Dyal and Sytsma looked at was whether order of the sessions would influence speed of extinction.
Here is their design:
Group Session 1 Session 2 Session 3
continuous RF continuous RF
2 partial RF partial RF extinction
3 partial RF continuous RF extinction
4 continuous RF partial RF extinction
Note that Groups 3 and 4 have exactly the same amount of partial reinforcement during learning. If all that is important in the partial reinforcement effect is the number of partially reinforced trials, then we would predict that they ought to be identical, and show greater resistance to extinction than the continuously reinforced group (Group 1), though perhaps not as much resistance as the group with the most partial reinforcement (Group 2).
Can you predict what happened, and why it fit the predictions of discrimination theory? First, the usual partial reinforcement effect did occur in the first two groups: Group 2 showed greater resistance to extinction than Group 1. Although we have not discussed this explicitly until now, that also fits the Discrimination Hypothesis, since partial reinforcement (in which there are some trials with no reinforcement) is more like extinction (in which all trials have no reinforcement) than continuous reinforcement is. And second, Group 4 had a stronger partial reinforcement effect than Group 3! You can see why this result would be expected from the Mowrer and Jones theory by comparing Sessions 2 and 3 in the design above: Group 3's Session 2 was reasonably different from their Session 3, making it reasonably easy to tell the two apart. However, Group 4's Session 2 was similar to their Session 3, making it harder to tell them apart. As this study clearly shows, there is more to the partial reinforcement effect than simply determining how many trials of partial reinforcement the animal had.
As you can see, the Discrimination
Hypothesis has a number of appealing features. It can account for reinforcement
size effects, and more to the point, the partial reinforcement effect.
It can handle other findings relating to extinction, as well. For example,
animals who have been trained with delayed reinforcement have greater
resistance to extinction. (One could argue that extinction involves a very,
very long delay of reinforcement, so that increasing delays during learning
make the acquisition phase more similar to the extinction phase). However,
more specialized versions of the theory have been developed to account
for a broader range of findings in partial reinforcement, and we turn to
One of the first psychologists to report the partial reinforcement effect was Humphrey, and it became known as Humphrey's paradox. It initially puzzled a number of theorists for the simple reason that everyone at the time believed that more pairings of a response with a reinforcer ought to result in a stronger, more lasting association. Thus, the paradox Humphrey discovered was that under certain circumstances, less was more: Fewer reinforcers could eventuate in an apparently more durable association.
Although Pavlov did indeed look at partial reinforcement trials in his work, the status of partial reinforcement effects in classical conditioning today remains inconclusive. The results of studies in classical conditioning are contradictory, and it may be safest to conclude that partial reinforcement here (in which the CS is only sometimes paired with the UCS) has, at best, weak effects. Thus, partial reinforcement effects seem to constitute an area in which classical and operant conditioning tend to yield very different findings.
Before we go on to specific
theories and findings, one more point is worth mentioning: There are indeed
reports of the occasional reverse partial reinforcement effect (or
reverse PREE), in which partial reinforcement will actually cause
faster extinction. There is an interesting article by Nevin
that discusses this, and the upshot (although we will certainly see some
exceptions below!) appears to be that a partial reinforcement effect is
more likely when there have been a relatively large number of acquisition
trials, but a reverse PREE becomes possible when there are only a small
number of trials. You may wish to keep this finding in mind as you evaluate
the theories and findings below.
A number of simple schedules have been proposed, but most people really concentrate on four simple schedules. These four schedules may be defined in terms of two broad dimensions. The first dimension involves repetition. We can have a pattern of events that constantly recycles or repeats, in which case the schedule is referred to as a fixed schedule. Alternatively, we can have a random pattern in which there is no systematic repetition. The latter is referred to as a variable schedule. Note that fixed schedules in theory may be predictable (that is, the animal or human might be able to develop an expectancy concerning when a response will be reinforced), whereas variable schedules are, by definition, unpredictable. (Well, to be more accurate, they are not successfully predictable: Many people who play slot machines mistakenly think they can predict the machine's behavior!)
The second dimension relevant to defining simple schedules involves what must happen for a response to be successful in obtaining an outcome. We can refer to this dimension as the response criterion. By criterion, I mean what has to happen before the response in order for it to work. In one set of schedules, the criterion or rule involves the number of responses that have gone on before. This involves a response-dependent rule: A certain number of responses, on average, has to occur before a reinforced response. This type of schedule is referred to as a ratio schedule. Alternatively, a criterion may involve a time-dependent rule: A certain amount of time, on average, has to pass before a response will work. Those types of rules involve interval schedules. When we combine these two dimensions in all possible combinations, we obtain the four simple schedules outlined in the table below:
Fixed fixed ratio schedule fixed interval schedule
variable ratio schedule
variable interval schedule
Let's discuss each of these schedules in more detail. The easiest of these to start with is the fixed ratio schedule (often abbreviated FR). In a fixed ratio schedule, the animal needs to perform a certain number of responses (the ratio) in order to get its reward. Actually, continuous reinforcement is a special case of a fixed ratio schedule, except that it is a fixed ratio 1 schedule (FR1), meaning that the animal needs to emit one response (the correct response, of course!) to get its reward. In like fashion, a pattern in which the animal has to make two responses to get a reinforcement is an FR2 schedule. The number following the FR tells you which response gets the reinforcement, and how many responses before that have gone unreinforced. Thus, in FR357, the 357th response works, but the animal has had to make 356 earlier responses that did not lead to any reward. As you might imagine, the schedule becomes harder to learn as the number goes up. Typically, with very large ratios, we have to wean the animal towards the ratio; that is, we start with much smaller ratios, and slowly increase the number of non-reinforced trials.
As a rule, higher ratios result in greater resistance to extinction. So, we would expect more resistance with an FR300 than an FR20 schedule, for example. Based on what you know about Mowrer and Jones's Discrimination Theory, you ought to be able to predict this result.
There are many examples of fixed ratio schedules in the real world. In many book or CD clubs, for example, if you buy a certain number of books or CDs, then you get a free book or CD. Similarly, in a work environment, salary incentives based on sales could be considered an example of a fixed ratio: A bonus for every 5 sales concluded would be an FR5 ratio, for example. Piecemeal work also fits this category, when the salary depends on how many pieces are finished.
In a variable ratio schedule (abbreviated VR), on the other hand, the precise response that will obtain the reinforcer is not easily predictable. Rather, there will be a certain average number of responses that have to be made. So, a VR3 schedule means that, on average, 1 out of 3 responses will work, though it won't be every third response, as it would have been in the FR3 schedule. Variable ratio and fixed ratio schedules that have the same number will have the same overall density of reinforcement: They will have the same numbers of reinforced and non-reinforced responses, but not at the same places. Thus, below are a sample FR3 and VR3 schedule (in which the R and N stand for reinforced and non-reinforced responses, respectively):
N R N
N R N
N R N
VR3: R N N N R R N R N N N N
If you examine these schedules, you will see that each has 4 R trials, and 8 N trials. The ratio (or density) of reinforcement is thus 4/(4+8) = 4/12 = 1/3. Or in other words, one out of three responses, on average, works. (Note that on the next 12 trials, the FR schedule should look exactly like the one above, but the VR schedule will be different, since it follows no fixed pattern, but is assigned randomly, so long as the right density is maintained.)
As was the case with FR schedules, VR schedules with higher ratios (lower density of reinforcement) will show greater resistance to extinction. And if we compare VR and FR ratios to one another (where the ratio stays the same), then we will generally find that a VR schedule gives greater resistance to extinction than its corresponding FR schedule (though this is more likely at high ratios).
Although it is a perhaps macabre example, Russian Roulette qualifies as a variable ratio schedule. So do lotteries and slot machines.
In a fixed interval schedule (abbreviated FI), we establish a certain interval of time after which the first response works in obtaining the reward. In particular, responses during the interval are basically ignored by the experimenter: They are completely ineffective. Thus, in a FI2 schedule (where we will assume that the intervals are measured in minutes), the first response after a 2-minute interval works, whether that response comes immediately after the interval, or 5 hours later. An example of a fixed interval may involve the times at which you feed your pets. If you always feed them at the same times, then any response they make of going to the food area before the right time is ineffectual. Similarly, many people get paychecks on Friday afternoon, after they have put in a week's worth of work; going to get your paycheck before the proper time will not be an effective response.
When does the next interval start? In the feed-your-pets example, the interval in some sense depends on how much time has passed. But normally, the intervals in these schedules are started after a reinforced response. Thus, on that account, an animal who doesn't respond until 5 hours after the end of the first interval gets the reinforcement at that time, and simultaneously causes the next interval to start counting down. These types of schedules are useful ways of probing an ability to judge the passage of time.
As was the case with high ratios, long intervals lead to better resistance to extinction. So, an FI200 would be a better schedule to use than an FI3 if you want the learning to last while at the same time you want not to rely too heavily on always providing reinforcers. Again, you ought to be able to figure out why the Discrimination Hypothesis would also make this particular prediction. And as was true of the ratio schedules, high or long interval schedules are often taught through a process of weaning the animal to longer and longer waits.
Our final simple schedule is the variable interval schedule (abbreviated VI). Much as was the case for the variable ratio schedule, the variable interval schedule involves presenting the animal with a series of intervals in an unpredictable order. Within any such series, of course, we can determine what the average interval might be. So, in an FI23 schedule, the interval will always be 23 minutes, whereas in a VI23 schedule, the average of the many different intervals will turn out to be 23. And as was the case when we compared fixed and variable ratios, a comparison of fixed and variable intervals will reveal that resistance to extinction will be stronger in the VI schedules, all other things (such as the average size of the interval) being equal.
As an example of a VI schedule, imagine planning to buy something (a specific TV) at a store which is having a closing sale. The sale will start at 5 to 10% off, and over the next several weeks, will go to really spectacular savings such as 80% off. The problem you face is knowing when to buy, since more and more merchandise will disappear as the sale goes on. So, you can't wait a certain interval; instead, you will have to constantly check on how much of what you want is left as the prices get slashed, to try to get your best deal. That means you will respond a lot. And that is basically what happens in this type of schedule: a very high rate of response coupled with high resistance to extinction.
Although these different types of schedules do have different effects on performance, comparing ratio to interval schedules can be a bit difficult. Nevertheless, we can look at such things as response rate with these. Let us restrict ourselves to variable schedules for the moment. With high ratios/intervals, one interesting finding that occurs is that responses tend to come faster in a variable ratio schedule than in a variable interval schedule. In a VR schedule using pecking as a response in pigeons, it is not impossible to find rates of over several hundred responses per minute! Such high rates are not often found with VI schedules, however. Indeed, rates over 100 responses per minute would qualify as high in VI.
Also, the response curves tend to exhibit certain characteristics that seem to be schedule-specific in the fixed schedules, so long as the ratios/intervals are high. Thus, in the fixed ratio schedule, a very commonly reported finding involves what is called a post-reinforcement pause: After a response that works, there is a period of inactivity, and then the animal starts emitting responses in a relatively high burst, and at a relatively constant rate of speed. There will necessarily be some little pause in all schedules while an animal consumes its reinforcement, of course; the post-RF pause we are talking about here is an unusually long pause that extends well past the time to eat or drink.
Let us go back to the feed-your-pets example to see what happens in a fixed interval schedule. In this example, you are not likely to have pets crowding underfoot as you move into the food area, if it is not their time to be fed. But, the closer to feeding time it is, the more likely it is that the animals will take an interest in your presence in the feeding areas. My cats, for example, are very likely to be underfoot (and a hazard to human locomotion!) when I go near their feeding areas within 20 or so minutes before the time I normally feed them. And that is basically also the pattern we find in the lab: Little or no activity immediately following a reinforcement, and then a gradual rise in activity as the interval winds down, with a very rapid burst of responses right towards the end. Because of the changing rate at which the animal responds, the impression one has in looking at the response rate following reinforcement is of a curve. That characteristic is referred to as a scallop. Figure 3 presents idealized response curves for the four schedules.
In this figure, as the lines slope higher and higher to the left, responding
is getting faster and faster (since there will be more responses per some
interval of time). That is why I have indicated a steeper line for VR (suggesting
fastest responding in that situation). But do note the difference between
the post-RF pauses in the FR schedule (the spots where the line goes flat),
and the scallops in the FI schedule. Close inspection of real data collected
using VR schedules will also occasionally show post-RF pauses, but these
are of much smaller magnitude, and so easily missed. Normally, if you see
a schedule with noticeable pauses or staircasing, it is a good bet that
you have an FR schedule.
Three other types of schedule that may be briefly mentioned include chained, multiple, and concurrent schedules. In chained schedules, two (or more) schedules run in sequence, so that the animal has to perform according to the rules of both before being able to make a reinforced response. As an example, an FR10-FI2 schedule would require the animal to make 10 responses, following which a 2-minute interval starts. The tenth response meets the rule for the FR schedule, but instead of providing a reinforcer, it activates the second schedule (the FI schedule). So, it will be the first response that occurs after this interval is up that gets the reinforcer. If the animal only makes 9 responses, waits an hour, and then makes a tenth response, that doesn't get any reinforcement because the interval did not yet start. Conversely, in an FI2-FR10 schedule, a response made after the 2-minute interval is up would initiate an FR10 schedule, so that another 10 responses would be required before a reinforcer could occur. As you may imagine, chained schedules allow us to test the sensitivity of the animal to complex patterns.
You have already read about one study using multiple schedules (and you will read about more below). In these, the animal has several training sessions, each of which may involve a different schedule. Thus, the experiment discussed above by Dyal and Sytsma provided two groups who differed in whether they had continuous reinforcement followed by partial reinforcement, or partial reinforcement followed by continuous reinforcement. Multiple schedules may be used to test sensitivity to changes in the animal's world, for example. We can set up several sessions such that the world is becoming an increasingly predictable place, or an increasingly unpredictable one (see the study by Hulse at the end of this chapter).
And you have also read a bit about concurrent schedules. In these, the animal may typically choose any of several responses to make on a given trial (pressing the blue lever or pressing the red lever, for example), but each response will be associated with a different schedule of reinforcement! Herrnstein's Matching Law, described in Chapter 4, involved concurrent VI schedules. To remind you of what he found, animals tended to distribute their responses in proportion to the 'goodness' (measured by amount, density, or delay of reinforcement) of each: The response that led to the best outcome was made most often; the one that led to the second-best outcome occurred second-most often, and so on.
DRL & DRH Schedules
A final set of schedules we will discuss include DRL and DRH schedules (standing, respectively, for differential reinforcement of low rates of responding, and differential reinforcement of high rates of responding). DRH schedules involve reinforcing the animal for making rapid responses. As you might imagine, such schedules are somewhat compatible with what an animal would do anyway, since rapid responses normally result in obtaining reinforcement sooner. Moreover, such rapid responding over a relatively long period of time should lead to getting more reinforcements. (Think of an animal on an FR30 schedule, for example, and allow it an hour in a Skinner box. An animal making its 30 responses at a relatively slow rate of speed will accumulate less rewards than an animal making its 30 responses at a relatively high rate.) Still, we can ask an animal to respond at a rate normally higher than it would, left on its own, and in such a case, we have a DRH schedule.
Much more interesting are the DRL schedules (see, for example, the review article by Kramer and Rilling). In these, we reinforce the animal for waiting a certain amount of time between its responses. Specifically, an animal that responds too soon not only fails to get a reinforcer, but also resets the interval so that it now has to wait even longer between reinforcements. (If the interval we set is 20 sec, for example, an animal responding at 18 sec after the last reinforcer will reset the interval so that it must wait an additional 20 sec before responding: a total of 38 sec since the last reinforcer).
Such schedules should remind you of the work we discussed earlier on omission training. As was true of omission training, DRL schedules are initially more difficult to acquire. They also tap into an animal's sensitivity to time. And as the interval in the schedule increases, the schedule becomes harder and harder to acquire. In DRL, the animal will typically make a number of non-reinforced responses (which is why this particular schedule qualifies as a partial reinforcement schedule, in case you were wondering!). Thus, in part because of these and because of the conditioning of waiting, a partial reinforcement effect is predictable.
One more feature of DRL is of interest: Many of the animals during the waiting period do not wait passively. Instead, they engage in other types of stereotyped behaviors. This might remind you a bit of Skinner's discussion of superstitious behavior presented in Chapter 4, but it is really not the same thing: These responses occur well before the reinforcement (i.e., weak temporal contiguity, at best), which in any case is due to the final response that is not superstitious. Several theorists have speculated that these behaviors are ways in which an animal can time an interval. In this sense, they correspond a bit to our talking to ourselves ("one-thousand-one, one-thousand-two") as a way of estimating passage of time.
With this as background,
let us go on to consider the two most cited theories of the PREE. As we
do, you may wish to consider how each might predict the findings with these
Amsel's Frustration Hypothesis
The basic insight behind Amsel's theory is that an expectancy of reinforcement can cause frustration when it is not fulfilled. Failure to obtain an expected reward is an unpleasant experience. Amsel focuses on the consequences of frustration in accounting for partial reinforcement effects.
One of the major concepts in the theory is that of the primary frustration response, RF. The primary frustration response is the response that occurs on failure of reinforcement. Just as was true of the primary goal response we talked about in an earlier chapter (Chapter 4), the primary frustration response can be thought of as including a number of components, or fractions. These are presented in analogous fashion to the fractional goal responses; that is, they are conceived of as rf...sf units in which frustration has both the qualities of a response to a situation, and concomitant internal stimulation. As you might guess from the description so far, these rf...sf components can become mediators that become conditioned to various stimuli and responses in a situation. Thus, when an animal becomes frustrated in the presence of some stimulus S (or while doing some response R), various frustration mediators (biting, for example; or more generally, the tense feelings associated with frustration) may become associated with the S and the R. One thing about these that is critical for you to notice is this: There will be few or no such rf...sf mediators during acquisition for animals that are continuously reinforced, as they do not experience frustration. In contrast, animals that undergo partial reinforcement will have many of these rf...sf mediators present in their environments during learning.
With this as background, we can now include three effects will characterize frustration, and that will depend on the presence of these mediators. In homage to the theories of extinction we looked at in an earlier section, these three effects are drive, discriminability, and response competition. Specifically, according to Amsel, frustration is an unpleasant drive that can motivate animals to avoid what has been frustrating them (due to the negative reinforcement of a decrease in frustration). At the same time, because it is a drive, it increases the overall activity level of the animal, which can eventuate in new responses, and thus, the possibility of learning competing responses to those that led to the frustration. And finally, the similarity of frustration experiences during learning and extinction can determine how much generalization there is between these two situations. Thus, the more different the frustration cues are in the two situations, the easier it will be to learn a new response during extinction (similar to what Mowrer and Jones claimed). Accordingly, Amsel's theory borrows a little bit from all the previous theories we've looked at, and by doing so, avoids problems that any single theory might have had.
Let's first briefly look at evidence relevant to the drive and competing response effects of frustration, and then we'll talk about how the model plays its predictions out in continuous and partial reinforcement.
In one famous experiment, Daly experimentally frustrated one group of rats by not feeding them in a spot where they had normally been fed before (similar to the procedure used by Seward and Levy). She then allowed these rats to learn a response that would get them away from this spot. There was no other reinforcer for learning this response other than escape from frustration. Nevertheless, the animals did acquire the response. Her argument was thus that getting away from some place where you've been frustrated is rewarding. This constitutes a claim that reduction in frustration acts as a negative reinforcer. You can now see how some such mechanism as this can account for the Seward and Levy findings on latent extinction.
Another claim associated with the concept of drive is that increasing drive level ought to increase the overall activity level. That claim was in part examined by Amsel and Roussel. They trained rats to run to a goal box using continuous reinforcement for the first 80 or so trials. Following that, they switched to reinforcing only half of the trials. Following a non-reinforced trial, they observed faster running, consistent with a claim that these animals were aroused and energized. In a variant of this procedure, a dual-goal box alleyway was used in which the rats ran to goal box 1, and then after a short stay, were allowed to go through a door into an alley leading to goal box 2. These animals were always reinforced at the second goal box, but received reinforcements only half of the time at the first goal box. If they were not fed at the first stage, then (as in the first experiment), they ran faster to the second stage.
Finally, what about competing responses? Energized behavior ought to result in the possibility of other behaviors being expressed. One of the observations a number of people have made (including Mowrer and Jones) is that frustrated animals engage in a much higher level of aggressive behavior. So, you can see from this the possibility of learning some sort of response that competes with the original because it involves getting rid of the frustration.
Now that we've looked at some of the properties of frustration, let's discuss its effects on continuously reinforced responding. Here, the important point to note is that frustration will not be present during learning. The first point at which real frustration arises is when the animal hits the extinction phase. Hence, a frustration drive arises at extinction that can cause competing responses, and that opens up the possibility for negative reinforcement when the animal stops doing whatever it is that leads to frustration. At the same time, the presence of frustration cues during extinction (the rf...sf mediators) makes extinction a very different world or stimulus complex than learning. So, for all of these reasons, extinction following continuous reinforcement ought to be relatively quick.
But can we say anything further than this? Fortunately, we can. Basically, Amsel has predicted that the bigger the difference there is in frustration between learning and extinction, the faster extinction ought to occur. (Note that this prediction specifically applies to the continuous reinforcement situation!) This should make sense to you on all three components of the theory: (1) Bigger frustration means more negative reinforcement, resulting in stronger learning; (2) bigger frustration means higher levels of arousal, resulting in more alternative behaviors from which competing responses may be acquired; and (3) bigger frustration means a greater discriminability between learning and acquisition, which should result in faster learning of a new response to the extinction situation. As you know from our discussion of results like Roberts's, animals that receive large reinforcers during learning show faster extinction. Losing a large reinforcer, of course, is more frustrating than losing a small reinforcer, so this finding fits in with the predictions.
But what of partially reinforced animals? The important point here is that frustration cues (the rf...sf mediators) are present during acquisition. Because these cues are present, and on a number of trials become followed by reinforcement, they become classically conditioned cues for reinforcement. That is, the reinforcer is the UCS, while the frustration (the rf...sf mediators) is the CS. So, the animal learns that feeling frustrated is a cue or predictor for being fed, since feeling frustrated in the past has been followed by food. Put simply, we not only train animals to tolerate frustration, we also train them to reinterpret its significance: Instead of being a negative event, frustration becomes a signal for a positive event (the reinforcer).
And of course, the higher the frustration the animal is exposed to during learning, the more similar learning will be to extinction (in which there is a very high level of frustration, indeed!). Thus, the second part of the prediction Amsel makes (confirmed by Roberts) is that partially reinforced animals ought to show a reverse reinforcement-size effect: Animals trained with large reinforcers should show greater resistance to extinction. Indeed, we can make this prediction for two very different reasons. One involves the afore-mentioned issue of discriminability: With larger reinforcers, there is a higher level of frustration on non-reinforced acquisition trials, making these more like extinction. But the second is that large reinforcers also act as more intense UCSs that result in better conditioning of the CS (the rf...sf mediators).
In terms of drive level, then, high frustration during learning is 'good' and results in greater generalization, and more vigorous responding during learning (which will persist into extinction). At the same time, since the responding eventually succeeds in obtaining a reinforcer in the acquisition phase, competing responses are not acquired; the additional energization caused by frustration gets channeled into the learned response. And finally, of course, there are obvious implications for discriminability. Indeed, you can see that high ratios or intervals in partial reinforcement schedules should result in more frustration than low ratios or intervals. And intuitively, you should see that high ratios or intervals involve less discriminability because extinction can be defined as a very long sequence of time without reinforcement (which is what happens in high ratio/interval) schedules. The theory thus has the merit of being able to explain a number of effects with a few well-argued principles. Its claims regarding the opposite effects of reinforcement size in partial and continuous reinforcement are regarded as among its strongest successes.
Capaldi's Sequential Hypothesis
An alternative approach has been championed by Capaldi. In his work, the stress will be on memory of events (as it was in the Wagner model of classical conditioning). As in Amsel's theory, there will be conditioning of cues that predict a reinforcer; and as in Amsel, there will also be a question of how similar these cues are in the learning and extinction environments. But, there is no specific mention of frustration as a mechanism in Capaldi's theory, and indeed, he has published some experiments claiming to find evidence against that mechanism. Rather, the focus is on non-reinforced trials. His basic idea has to do with how salient these become in an animal's memory. The longer the period of non-reinforcement during learning, the more salient these are.
Several people have done studies attempting to determine how many pairings of a response and a reinforcer it takes in order to develop an expectancy of reinforcement: an ability to anticipate that a reward will follow the execution of a response. One way in which to do so is to adopt Amsel's claim that failed expectancies lead to frustration, and that frustration energizes behavior. In studies such as these, the question is, how many pairings do we need before we see that a non-reinforced trial changes the animal's behavior? In one such study, Hug claimed that at least 8 or so pairings were required.
If that number is correct, then there are several studies demonstrating a partial reinforcement effect before expectancies have developed! One such study is by Godbout, Ziff, and Capaldi. They took several groups of animals and provided them with very small numbers of response-reinforcer pairings. In fact, these varied between two and five pairings (well below the minimum number that Hug claimed was necessary for frustration). Of course, we can include non-reinforced trials among these for some of our groups in order to assess a partial reinforcement effect. In any case, following this very brief acquisition period, we start the animals on extinction. Compared to animals that received only continuous reinforcement, the animals with partial reinforcement extinguished more slowly. And the point here, of course, is that if these animals had not developed frustration, then there should have been no opportunity to condition rf...sf cues, and thus, no way in which extinction and learning would have differed (in terms of discriminability) for the partially reinforced and continuously reinforced groups.
Another study by Capaldi and Waters is even more interesting and suggestive. In this study, rats ran down an alleyway for a reinforcer. Capaldi and Waters provided slightly different acquisition experiences for three groups of rats, before putting them all through extinction. Their design was basically the following:
Group Phase 1 Phase 2
5 continuously reinforced (CRF) trials
2 10 continuously reinforced trials extinction
3 5 non-RF trials followed by 5 CRF extinction
The question they asked was whether the groups would all extinguish at the same rate. Note that Hug's work might suggest fastest extinction for Group 2, because that group has perhaps enough trials to develop an expectancy, resulting in frustration during Phase 2. However, the frustration hypothesis would seem to predict that Groups 1 and 3 should extinguish at the same rate. Both have had 5 continuously reinforced trials, and if Hug's conclusions are correct, neither should have developed the frustration mechanism. But suppose Hug is wrong, and animals can build up an expectancy in fewer than 8 trials, though perhaps not one strong enough to manifest itself in overtly energized behavior. Even if Hug's conclusions are wrong, Groups 1 and 3 should still extinguish at the same rate, because Group 3 should effectively act like a continuously reinforced group! The reason is that Group 3 starts out with non-reinforcement. Since they have had no previous experience of reinforcement, non-reinforcement in the first 5 trials cannot cause any frustration! Their expectancy starts to form on Trials 6 through 10, and that involves the same number of pairings (and therefore the same learning of an expectancy) as Group 1. Thus, the predictions that Amsel's theory could make in this experiment seem quite clear.
As you may have guessed, Group 3 showed a partial reinforcement effect. It can't have been due to frustration and the rf...sf mechanism. It must therefore have been due to something else. That something else is what Capaldi's theory seeks to address.
So what is it that is important about Group 3, and that can result in a PREE? According to Capaldi, the answer is that Group 3 had a sequence of non-reinforced trials that was terminated by a reinforced trial. His theory is called the sequential hypothesis because it is the sequence of non-reinforced trials that will prove critical.
The theory is memory-based, as indicated above. The idea here is fairly simple. What happens after a trial becomes part of the animal's memory (specifically, its short-term or working memory, as in Wagner's model). Those memory traces will still be present when the animal undergoes the next trial. If there is a reinforcer on the next trial, then the memory traces get conditioned to the reinforcer. In this case, the reinforcer acts as the UCS, and the memory traces constitute the CS. Thus, the memory traces, through classical conditioning, come to predict the reinforcer.
In extinction, the memory traces will include whatever experiences are associated with not being reinforced. Hence, to the extent that similar traces were conditioned during acquisition, learning and extinction will be similar: The animal in extinction will experience cues that keep 'promising' a reinforcer, thus motivating its continued responding. With that as an overview, let's focus on the specifics.
We will start with a simplifying assumption that the animal's memory cues include being reinforced on previous trials, or not being reinforced on previous trials. We will, moreover, assume that the animal has one or the other of these states, but not both (but see the next section below for some contrary evidence!). The longer the animal has been in a particular state, the more salient that state is. Thus, an animal that has not been fed on the previous ten trials has a relatively salient or strong memory of non-reinforcement compared to an animal that has not been fed on a previous three trials. And of course, whatever state of memory the animal is in ceases the moment the opposite event occurs. So, an animal that is in the reinforcement state enters the non-reinforcement state when it hits a non-reinforced trial, and conversely, an animal in the non-reinforcement state enters the reinforcement state with its first reinforced trial. A very simple way of thinking about this is that an animal's working memory acts like a two-state toggle switch: Reinforcement toggles its working memory into the reinforcement state, and non-reinforcement toggles its working memory into the non-reinforcement state (much as a light switch being pushed up or down toggles the light on or off).
Let us call the memory of non-reinforcement an N-memory (abbreviated MN), and the memory of reinforcement an R-memory (abbreviated MR). We can now indicate the salience or intensity of this state by adding a number that indicates approximately how long the animal has experienced the state. Since this number will be a function of how many past trials of reinforcement or non-reinforcement the animal has had, we can use the number of identical trials as a rough indicator of salience. Accordingly, an animal that has just finished its third non-reinforced trial will be in the MN3 state, whereas an animal that has just finished its tenth reinforced trial will be in the MR10 state. (We do not have to assume that animals can do anything like counting; the numbers here do not imply that! Rather, the idea is that there is some qualitative sense of how long an animal has been in a state, perhaps due to the state getting stronger with each additional repetition of a given event. Even though counting is not an issue here, however, you may enjoy looking at an article by Capaldi and Miller that claims rats can count!)
One more concept needs to be added, although we have been talking about it implicitly. It is the notion of an N-length. An N-length is the run or number of non-reinforced trials in a row. The N-length, of course, determines the salience of the N-memory: As the N-length increases, the MN state strengthens. In the Capaldi and Waters experiment presented above, for example, the N-length for Group 3 was 5, so that on the 6th trial, the animals should have been in the MN5 state.
Given this, the point that will be important is that when an N-length is followed by a reinforcer (causing the non-reinforcement state to toggle to reinforcement), there will be conditioning of the MN that was in the animal's working memory. This is because the MN serves as the CS that is present when the UCS (the reinforcer) occurs. Thus, in Capaldi's theory, increased resistance to extinction in partially reinforced animals arises in part because the animal learns that the MN state predicts upcoming reinforcement. And of course, the more similar the MN state during learning is to the MN state the animal experiences in extinction, the longer the animal will respond.
Let's work through an example, in order to see this better. We will take animals that are repeatedly exposed to the same pattern, and we will assume that they have had prior training with this pattern, so that we are looking at trials in the middle of their acquisition. Let us assume the following pattern of reinforced and non-reinforced trials (using R and N for reinforced and non-reinforced trials, respectively):
Trial: R R N N R R R N N N R
What ought to be in the animal's working memory on each of these trials may now be indicated as follows:
Memory: MR1 MR2 MR3 MN1 MN2 MR1 MR2 MR3 MN1 MN2 MN3
Here, the first MR1 occurs because the trial prior to the first trial above was an R-trial (recall that this pattern is constantly recycling, so look to its end to see what came immediately before!). But now, let us also ask what types of classical conditioning of memories occur. In order for there to be classical conditioning on a given trial, there has to be a reinforcer (an R). Essentially, two types of memory states are being conditioned here. On some trials, the animal has reinforcement cues from the previous trial when a reinforcement occurs (resulting in conditioning of the MR state), and on other trials, the animal has non-reinforcement cues (involving conditioning of the MN state). Using plus signs to indicate trials on which such conditioning occurs, we now obtain the following diagram:
Memory: MR1 MR2 MR3 MN1 MN2 MR1 MR2 MR3 MN1 MN2 MN3
MR Learned: ++ ++ ++ ++
MN Learned: ++ ++
As you can see from this example, in this particular sequence of trials, there are four occasions on which a memory of reinforcement is paired with a UCS, and two occasions on which a memory of non-reinforcement is paired with a UCS. The pairing of a UCS with a memory of being reinforced is not terribly noteworthy for our discussion of extinction, because reinforcement cues by definition will not be present in extinction. So, we need not discuss that particular type of association any further. But the pairing of a UCS with the memory of non-reinforcement is quite another matter: Those two trials are where we train our animal to tolerate non-reinforcement similar to what it will experience in extinction.
There are a number of principles we can derive from this approach, but here are three. The first (the Principle of N-length) is that resistance to extinction ought to increase as the N-length increases. The reason is that longer N-lengths mean longer MN, which are more similar to the excessively long MN the animal will experience in extinction. And indeed, Gonzalez and Bitterman, for example, have obtained this result. But then, you knew about that anyway, since we already discussed the finding when we talked about how increasing ratios and intervals led to greater resistance to extinction. In an FR200 schedule, for example, the N-length will be 199, compared to a N-length of 9 in an FR10 schedule.
The second principle (the Principle of Transitions) is that resistance to extinction ought to increase with the number of transitions from N to R. A transition is the trial on which the N-length stops because a reinforcement has occurred. On this definition, wherever there is a transition, there will be a conditioning trial (involving pairing of MN with a UCS). Thus, number of transitions corresponds directly to the number of times a CS and a UCS have been paired.
The third principle (the Principle of Variability) is that resistance to extinction ought to increase as a function of the number of different N-lengths encountered. This principle doesn't refer to how many N-lengths the animal experiences (Principle 2 does that!), but rather how many different types of lengths the animal experiences. In our example above, there were two types of N-lengths: a length of 2 (resulting in MN2) and a length of 3 (resulting in MN3). Because that was a recurring pattern, the animal only ever experiences two different types of N-lengths until it hits extinction. On the other hand, it will have many, many transitions, and not just the two that appeared above. If the sequence above were repeated 200 times during learning, for example, then the animal will have experienced 400 transitions (since there are two transitions per sequence), but still only two different types of N-lengths.
The Principle of Variability may be thought of as a principle of predictability. The more different types of N-lengths the animal has been conditioned to, the less certain it can be that the N-length experienced during extinction is different from what happened during learning. As in Amsel's theory, animals repeatedly trained to the same N-length may develop an expectancy of about when the N-length should terminate. Such an expectancy could help them discriminate between learning and extinction. Varying the N-length prevents that. And you also already know the evidence supporting this principle: Variable reinforcement schedules do indeed lead to greater resistance to extinction than fixed schedules, all other things being equal.
So, to go back to the Capaldi and Waters (and Godbout et al.) studies, a PREE with very few trials is possible so long as there is a transition. In Capaldi and Waters's Group 3, for example, there was indeed one transition involving conditioning of an N-state.
These aren't the only principles that govern what should happen here. Just like Amsel, Capaldi can also account for the reinforcement size effect. Thus, on a transition, a larger reinforcer means a stronger UCS, which means stronger learning. And of course, during continuously reinforced learning, animals never become conditioned to N-lengths, accounting for why these will extinguish relatively rapidly. Similarly, reinstating learning cues during extinction ought to slow extinction, whereas changing such cues ought to speed it up. You already know several studies that support that particular claim. Finally, disrupting the animal's memory prior to a transition ought to influence the success of conditioning, because it ought to change the N-memory.
As a final example of work compatible with Capaldi's theory, we will examine a finding by Capaldi, Hart, and Stanley. In involves what is called ITR (intertrial reinforcement). In ITR, animals are given a reinforcement between trials that has nothing to do with a response, or indeed, with being in the experimental apparatus. To see what might happen, let us set up a number of groups. We will, again, assume that all groups are somewhere in the middle of their learning, and are receiving the same sequence (presented below) over and over again. We will use I for the ITR. Here is the sequence:
Group Repeating Acquisition Sequence
2 R N I N N R
3 R N N I N R
4 R N N N I R
The question is, what will happen when all of these groups are put through extinction? To see, let's add in the N-states:
Group Repeating Acquisition Sequence
MR1 MR2 MN1 MN2 MN3
MR1 MR2 MN1 MR1 MN1 MN2
MR1 MR2 MN1 MN2 MR1 MN1
MR1 MR2 MN1 MN2 MN3 MR1
Notice what happens. The ITR In Groups 2 and 3 chops up the N-length, because it toggles the state in the animal's working memory. Also, in each group, the ITR is associated with an N-length, so there should be some conditioning of the N-length to it (since it is a UCS, by definition). But whatever conditioning occurs to the ITR is completely irrelevant to extinction. The reason is that the animal is no longer in its apparatus, so that it is learning that when it has an N-state and it is in the spot where it has received ITR, expect a reinforcer. But when it is back in the apparatus, the environmental cues associated with where it received an ITR have been toggled to the experimental context cues, so that that particular expectancy is no longer in operation. Thus, the additional transitions and N-length variability caused by ITR do not influence what happens in the learning (and therefore, extinction) context. So, we need look just at where a transition occurs in the learning environment. For Groups 1 through 3, that transition occurs on the last trial. And as you can see from the table above, the N-state that gets conditioned on the last trial becomes smaller and smaller. By the Principle of N-length, then, we would expect less and less resistance. Capaldi et al. do indeed find that ITR inserted into an N-length reduces the resistance to extinction, as our discussion of the example above would suggest.
What about Group 4? Rather surprisingly, the analysis above suggests that Group 4 ought to act in some sense like a continuously reinforced group! The reason is that the placement of ITR in Group 4 has prevented the conditioning of any N-state within the experimental context. That, in turn, suggests that partial reinforcement schedules may sometimes give results identical to continuous reinforcement schedules (or at least, fail to yield the usual PREE). We will see below some further evidence questioning whether greater resistance to extinction is always found with partial reinforcement.
Although Capaldi's theory does an excellent job of handling a number of findings, it too, like Amsel's theory, has its problems. One such problem occurs in a study conducted by Hill and Spear. They put their animals through extinction under a fairly unusual set-up; namely, they ran one extinction trial per day. Since the contents of working memory do not last the whole day, this means that the animals during extinction ought always to have experienced a minimal N-state (namely, MN1). Under these circumstances, animals conditioned with higher ratios ought to have more discriminability with the extinction conditions, and not less (MN200 is more different from MN1 than MN2 is, for example). Thus, animals with higher ratios ought to have faster extinction, in contrast to the usual partial reinforcement findings. This prediction of Capaldi's, however, proved false. (And note that this study poses problems for Amsel, as well!)
A second series of studies
that also seems incompatible with Capaldi was done by Pavlik and
colleagues (e.g., Pavlik and Carlton). They used concurrent schedules,
except that instead of the two stimuli being present simultaneously, only
one was present on a given trial. Each stimulus, of course, was trained
with a different schedule. One of the schedules involved continuous
reinforcement, and the other involved partial reinforcement. Thus, unlike
the vast majority of studies in which different groups of animals
experiencing different schedules were compared, these studies involved
the same animals experiencing both types of schedules. And
when that happens, the response on the continuous reinforcement schedule
takes longer to extinguish. That is a curious finding, and it is hard to
know what to make of it. I suspect that its ultimate explanation may turn
out to involve components of a contrast effect. But in any case, since
there were no N-lengths or frustration conditioned to the stimulus on the
continuously reinforced schedule, neither Capaldi's nor Amsel's theory
would elegantly handle this finding.
Group Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4
2 Random Random Random Extinction
4 Random Systematic Continuous Extinction
Of course, predicting what should happen in the first two groups is easy: There should be a partial reinforcement effect. The interesting question is what to expect in the last two groups. There are a number of possibilities here, depending on which set of theories you wish to apply. Using the Mowrer and Jones Discrimination Theory, and based on the results of the study by Dyal and Sytsma, for example, we might predict that Group 3 will be equal to Group 2, and that Group 4 will be equal to Group 1. This prediction is based on claiming that only what the animal has learned in the last phase before extinction is relevant. So, Groups 2 and 3 should have the same relatively low discriminability between Phase 3 and extinction, whereas the other groups should have the same relatively high discriminability.
Alternatively, both Amsel's and Capaldi's theories may be used to predict that Groups 3 and 4 should be equal to one another. Each has had the same experiences, only in different order. On this account, each should have had the same number of conditioning trials involving frustration cues (rf...sf) or N-states (MN) predicting reinforcement. Moreover, since there have been more of these trials in Group 2 than in Groups 3 and 4 (Groups 3 and 4 have one phase in which there is no such conditioning due to continuous reinforcement!), we may also predict that resistance to extinction in Groups 3 and 4 will be more than Group 1's resistance, but less than Group 4's.
Now that we have our predictions, we can look at the results to see which of these two approaches is better supported. And the answer turns out to be that neither one is correct! It is certainly true that Group 3 has a very high resistance to extinction, much as does Group 2. But the surprise is that Group 4 shows the most rapid extinction. Even though they had two phases involving partial reinforcement, they show less resistance than a continuously reinforced group.
What is going on, here? In fact, Hulse's finding fits in quite well with a type of cognitive expectancy theory of extinction. But instead of the type of expectancy found, say, in Amsel's theory (in which the animal is sensitive to what ought to happen on a given trial), the expectancy here is a dynamic one involving sensitivity to change and its consequences. If you go back and look at Groups 1 and 2, you will see that their experiences never change. The picture is very different for Groups 3 and 4, however. Group 3's world is becoming less and less predictable over time, since it is moving from continuous (perfectly predictable) to random reinforcement. In terms of metalearning (learning about learning), Group 3 should thus be learning to rely less and less on trying to predict or expect reinforcement. But such metalearning is precisely the type of result that should yield very high resistance during extinction. In cognitive expectancy theory, of course, animals need to acquire a new expectancy about extinction. That acquisition is triggered by evidence that the old expectancies are no longer valid. But in Group 3, an animal that isn't relying on making predictions won't be sensitive to when a prediction fails to come true, making the acquisition of a new expectancy difficult. (This may remind you a bit of what we talked about with respect to learned irrelevance or learned indolence).
In similar fashion, Group 4's world is getting more and more predictable, going from complete unpredictability to complete predictability. They ought to be learning that the outcome of each trial increasingly can be taken to predict the outcome of the next trial. Thus, when they hit extinction, assuming a strongly predictable world, a non-reinforcement trial for them ought now to signal that the next trial will be a non-reinforcement trial, as well. Thus, we would expect them to show strong sensitivity to the change that occurs in extinction, resulting in extraordinarily fast adaptation. Being able to predict changing, evolving patterns in the world is a much more adaptive and useful skill than simply developing an expectancy of what should happen on Trial x based on the average of what has happened on all previous trials. The world changes; and organisms that are sensitive to such changes will be better situated to survive.
A follow-up study by Fountain and Hulse demonstrates the same mechanism. They had rats run an alleyway for reinforcers. In an initial learning phase, all animals were given sequences of four trials in which each trial involved a different amount of reinforcement. There were considerable breaks between these sequences. Then, in a test phase, the rats were given a sequence of five rather than four trials, but on the fifth trial, there was no reinforcement. Three groups had the following setup:
Group Acquisition Sequence Test Sequence
14 7 3
14 7 3
2 14 5 5 1 14 5 5 1 0
3 14 3 7 1 14 3 7 1 0
As you can see, the first group had a very simple pattern in which the amount of reinforcement decreased steadily on every trial. In contrast, the other two groups also had patterns that ended with the smallest reinforcement, but their patterns were not as simple. Fountain and Hulse argued that if the rats were capable of learning a rule specifying the pattern, then Group 1 should do best, since theirs was the simplest rule (things are always decreasing from first to last trial). Consistent with this claim, Group 1 on their test sequence slowed their running considerably on the fifth trial, but the other two groups did not.
This study is based on a claim that rats are capable of learning rules for how things are organized. That isn't the only theory that has been proposed to account for serial pattern learning. Capaldi, Verry, and Davison, for example, have claimed that serial pattern learning represents association learning in which the previous trial acts as the stimulus cue for the next trial. But that explanation cannot handle Fountain and Hulse's results, because the animals in the test sequence had never been exposed to a 0-reinforcer trial, and so could not have learned that a trial in which there was one reinforcer was the stimulus cue for a trial in which there were no reinforcers.
In another, earlier experiment by Hulse, rats were trained on a five-trial pattern that involved either a simple or a complex rule. You can derive the rules by consulting the design below:
Group Acquisition Sequence
14 7 3
2 14 1 3 7 0
In this case, an association learning model might predict that the fourth trial and the number of reinforcements the rat obtains on that trial become a predictor for the fifth 0-reinforcement trial. But if that is the case, then both groups ought to learn at about the same rate. A rule-based model, on the other hand, would predict that the simpler rule is more likely to be learned, so that Group 1 should show enhanced performance. Consistent with that latter model, Hulse found that the rats in the first group slowed down their running on the fifth trial more than the rats in the second group. Both indeed learned that the last trial in the sequence provided no reinforcement (as evidenced by the change in their running speeds), but the learning was more successful in the first group. And lest you think the results might have been due to the relative similarity of reinforcement amounts in the fourth and fifth trials, be advised that follow-up studies by Hulse and Dorsky repeated this experiment, but with the complex and simple patterns having the same reinforcement amount on the fourth trial (1 pellet).
In general, animals are sensitive to changes. As reinforcement systematically increases across a repeating sequence of trials, so do their responses. Contrarily, as reinforcement systematically decreases, responses such as running slow down.
A number of people now study animal sensitivity to patterns and sequences, in order to determine the types of rules animals can acquire. Some of this involves very sophisticated patterning such as birds' sensitivity to rhythm and pitch patterns (e.g., Hulse, Cynix, and Humpal). A good place to start, if you are interested in this work, is the section on Sequence Memory in the Roitblat, Bever, and Terrace volume on Animal Cognition. The notion of rule-based learning strongly suggests that there may be more going on in extinction than is suggested by models such as Amsel's or Capaldi's that focus on the (classical) conditioning that occurs on an individual trial. They also suggest an involvement of long-term memory (typically referred to as reference memory in animals) in addition to working memory. The sequences animals learn in some serial pattern experiments seem to extend well beyond the limits of working memory. They would thus appear to require an ability to compare what is going on now with what has gone on in the past.
A final point deserves mention
before we close out this chapter. In the real world, not every action results
in a successful outcome. So, a learning mechanism that allows persistence
in the face of non-reinforcement makes a lot of sense (see also Flaherty).
The partial reinforcement effect may thus be seen as the outcome of an
adaptive process. At the same time, the ability to acquire rules that are
sensitive to change is also extraordinarily useful and adaptive. What happens
with partial reinforcement may well depend on whether the situation calls
for associational or rule based learning. It is in part the difference
between static and dynamic expectancies.
Adelman, H.M., & Maatsch, J.L. (1955). Resistance to extinction as a function of the type of response elicited by frustration. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 50, 61-65.
Amsel, A. (1958). The role of frustrative nonreward in noncontinuous reward situations. Psychological Bulletin, 55, 102-119.
Amsel, A. (1962). Frustrative nonreward in partial reinforcement and discrimination learning: Some recent history and a theoretical extension. Psychological Review, 69, 306-328.
Amsel, A. (1992). Frustration theory: An analysis of dispositional learning and memory. NY: Cambridge U. Press.
Amsel, A., & Roussel, J. (1952). Motivational properties of frustration: Effect on a running response of the addition of frustration to the motivational complex. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 43, 363-368.
Baum, M. (1970). Extinction of avoidance responding through response prevention (flooding). Psychological Bulletin, 74, 276-284.
Boe, E.E., & Church, R.M. (1967). Permanent effects of punishment during extinction. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 63, 486-492.
Capaldi, E.J. (1967). A sequential hypothesis of instrumental learning. In K.W. Spence & J.T. Spence (Eds.), The psychology of learning and motivation, Volume 1 (67-156). NY: Academic.
Capaldi, E.J. (1971). Memory and learning: A sequential viewpoint. In W.K. Honig & P.H.R. James (Eds.), Animal memory (111-154). NY: Academic.
Capaldi, E.J., Hart, D., & Stanley, L.R. (1963). Effect of intertrial reinforcement on the aftereffects of nonreinforcement and resistance to extinction. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 65, 70-74.
Capaldi, E.J., Lanier, A.T., & Godbout, A.C. (1968). Reward schedule effects following severely limited acquisition training. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 78, 521-524.
Capaldi, E.J., & Miller, D.J. (1988). Counting in rats: Its functional significance and the independent cognitive processes which comprise it. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 14, 3-17.
Capaldi, E.J., Verry, D.R., & Davison, T.L. (1980). Memory, serial anticipation learning and transfer in rats. Animal Learning & Behavior, 8, 575-585.
Capaldi, E.J., & Waters, R.W. (1970). Conditioning and nonconditioning interpretations of small-trial phenomena. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 84, 518-522.
Daly, H.B. (1970). Combined effects of fear and frustration on acquisition of a hurdle-jump response. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 83, 89-93.
Dragoi, V., & Staddon, J.E.R. (1999). The dynamics of operant conditioning. Psychological Review, 106, 20-61.
Dyal, J.A., & Sytsma, D. (1976). Relative persistence as a function of order of reinforcement schedules. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 2, 370-375.
Ferster, C.B., & Skinner, B.F. (1957). Schedules of reinforcement. NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Flaherty, C.F. (1985). Animal learning and cognition. NY: Knopf.
Fowler, H., & Miller, N.E. (1963). Facilitation and inhibition of runway performance by hind- and forepaw shock of various intensities. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 56, 801-806.
Fountain, S.B., & Husle, S.H. (1981). Extrapolation of serial stimulus patterns by rats. Animal Learning & Behavior, 9, 381-384.
Godbout, A.C., Ziff, D.R., & Capaldi, E.J.
Gonzalez, R.C., & Bitterman, M.E. (1964). Resistance to extinction in the rat as a function of the percentage and distribution of reinforcement. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 58, 258-263.
Guthrie, E.R. (1952 ). The psychology of learning. (Revised edition) NY: Harper & Row.
Hammond, L.J. (1980). The effect of contingency upon the appetitive conditioning of free operant behavior. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 34, 297-304.
Herrnstein, R.J. (1970). On the law of effect. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 13, 243-266.
Heyes, C.M., Jaldow, D., & Dawson, G.R. (1993). Observational extinction: Observation of nonreinforced responding reduces resistance to extinction in rats. Animal Learning & Behavior, 21, 221-225.
Hill, W.F., & Spear, N.E. (1962). Resistance to extinction as a joint function of reward magnitude and the spacing of extinction trials. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64, 636-639.
Hug, J.J. (1970). Number of food pellets and the development of the frustration effect. Psychonomic Science, 21, 59-60.
Hull, C.L. (1943). Principles of behavior. NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
Hull, C.L. (1952). A behavior system. New Haven: Yale.
Hulse, S.H. (1978). Cognitive structure and serial pattern learning by animals. In S.H. Hulse, H. Fowler, & W.K. Honig (Eds.), Cognitive processes in animal behavior (311-340). NJ: Erlbaum.
Hulse, S.H., & Campbell, C.E. (1975). "Thinking ahead" in rat discrimination learning. Animal Learning & Behavior, 3, 305-311.
Hulse, S.H., Cynix, J., & Humpal, J. (1984). Cognitive processing of pitch and rhythm structures by birds. In H.L. Roitblat, T.G. Bever, & H.S. Terrace (Eds.), Animal cognition (183-198). NJ: Erlbaum.
Hulse, S.H., & Dorsky, N.P. (1977). Structural complexity a a determinant of serial pattern learning. Learning and Motivation, 8, 488-506.
Hulse, S.H., & Dorsky, N.P. (1979). Serial pattern learning by rats: Transfer of a formally defined stimulus relationship and the significance of nonreinforcement. Animal Learning & Behavior, 7,211-220.
Kramer, T.J., & Rilling, M. (1970). Differential reinforcement of low rates: A selective critique. Psychological Review, 74, 225-254.
Lenderhendler, I., & Baum, M. (1970). Mechanical facilitation of the action of response prevention (flooding) in rats. Behavior Research and Therapy, 8, 43-48.
Light, J.S., & Gantt, W.H. (1936). Essential part of reflex arc for establishment of conditioned reflex. Formation of conditioned reflex after exclusion of motor peripheral end. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 21, 19-36.
Mackintosh, N.J. (1974). The psychology of animal learning. CA: Academic Press.
Mowrer, O.H., & Jones, H. (1945). Habit strength as a function of the pattern of reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 35, 293-311.
Nevin, J.A. (1988). Behavioral momentum and the partial reinforcement effect. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 44-56.
Pavlik, W.B., & Carlton, P.L. (1965). A reverse partial-reinforcement effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 70, 417-423.
Pavlov, I. (1927). Conditioned reflexes. London: Oxford U. Press.
Rescorla, R.A. (1997). Response-inhibition in extinction. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. B. Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 50B, 238-252.
Roberts, W.A. (1969). Resistance to extinction following partial and consistent reinforcement with varying magnitudes of reward. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 67, 395-400.
Roitblat, H.L., Bever, T.G. & Terrace, H.S. (Eds.), Animal cognition. NJ: Erlbaum.
Scavio, M.J. (1974). Classical-classical transfer: Effects of prior aversive conditioning upon appetitive conditioning in rabbits. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 86, 107-115.
Seward, J.P., & Levy, N. (1949). Sign learning as a factor in extinction. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 39, 660-668.
Skinner, B.F. (1938). The behavior of organisms: An experimental analysis. NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts
Timberlake, W. (1980). A molar equilibrium theory of learned performance. In G.H. Bower (Ed.), The psychology of learning and motivation Vol. 14 (). NY: Academic.
Timberlake, W. , & Allison, J. (1974). Response deprivation: An empirical approach to instrumental performance. Psychological Review, 81, 146-164.
Tulving, E. (1983). Elements of episodic memory. Oxford: Oxford U. Press.
Wagner, A.R. (1976). Priming in STM: An information proessing mechanism for self-generated or retrieval-generated depression in performance. In T.J. Tighe & R.N. Leaton (Eds.), Habituation: Perspectives from child development, animal behavior, and neurophysiology. NJ: Erlbaum.
Wagner, A.R. (1978). Expectancies and priming in STM. In S.H. Hulse, H. Fowler, & W.K. Honig (Eds.), Cognitive processes in animal behavior (177-209). NJ: Erlbaum.
Wagner, A.R. (1981). S.O.P.: A model of automatic memory processing in animal behavior. In N.E. Spear & R.R. Miller (Eds.), Information processing in animals: Memory mechanisms. NJ: Erlbaum.
Wagner, A.R.,& Brandon, S.E. (1989). Evolution of a structured connectionist model of Pavlovian conditioning (AESOP). In S.B. Klein & R.R. Mowrer (Eds.), Contemporary learning theories: Pavlovian conditioning and the status of traditional learning theory (149-189). NJ: Erlbaum.
Welker, R.L., & McAuley, K. (1978). Reductions in resistance to
extinction and spontaneous recovery as a function of changes in transportational
and contextual stimuli. Animal Learning & Behavior, 6, 451-457.
1. Chapter © 1999 by Claude G. Cech | <urn:uuid:2d4da1e7-e09f-44f4-815f-8329b09db439> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.ucs.louisiana.edu/~cgc2646/LRN/Chap6.html | 2015-01-25T10:11:48Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422115863825.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124161103-00215-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955039 | 22,722 | [
0.9488,
0.9041,
0.9281,
0.8126,
0.9423,
0.9468,
0.924,
0.8993,
0.9501,
0.9488,
0.9432,
0.9454,
0.9518,
0.9507,
0.9485,
0.9532,
0.9428,
0.9413,
0.8636,
0.9491,
0.8448,
0.9353,
0.9375,
0.9532,
0.9391,
0.9481,
0.9439,
0.9252,
0.9272,
0.9499,
0.924,
0.9373,
0.8011,
0.9529,
0.9393,
0.9556,
0.7818,
0.716,
0.8043,
0.9421,
0.9435,
0.9473,
0.9507,
0.9439,
0.9551,
0.1105,
0.8889,
0.7418,
0.7347,
0.9559,
0.9496,
0.9529,
0.9513,
0.9468,
0.7201,
0.9355,
0.9081,
0.9529,
0.9444,
0.9526,
0.9475,
0.9516,
0.9506,
0.952,
0.9454,
0.9494,
0.9507,
0.9329,
0.9412,
0.9419,
0.9529,
0.9576,
0.8978,
0.8074,
0.7513,
0.9242,
0.8659,
0.9481,
0.9478,
0.9426,
0.947,
0.957,
0.9471,
0.631,
0.3832,
0.2454,
0.9504,
0.9535,
0.9513,
0.0839,
0.0926,
0.5287,
0.4239,
0.5503,
0.9439,
0.9515,
0.8479,
0.9499,
0.9424,
0.9573,
0.9453,
0.8069,
0.8807,
0.8918,
0.9426,
0.9421,
0.951,
0.9523,
0.5528,
0.9466,
0.9387,
0.7126,
0.9072,
0.9314,
0.9044,
0.8818,
0.9383,
0.9433,
0.9209,
0.9475,
0.9143,
0.1834,
0.6525,
0.7587,
0.9359,
0.9502,
0.9353,
0.9211,
0.0343,
0.0343,
0.0343,
0.0436,
0.9329,
0.9408,
0.9506,
0.929,
0.9471,
0.9509,
0.9361,
0.9426,
0.9491,
0.9485,
0.9539,
0.8636,
0.8731,
0.9279,
0.9294,
0.9245,
0.9254,
0.9417,
0.9424,
0.9501,
0.9237,
0.9349,
0.9542,
0.9488,
0.6294,
0.9444,
0.9349,
0.9527,
0.9536,
0.8746,
0.9299,
0.9475,
0.8697,
0.9419,
0.9316,
0.9437,
0.9539,
0.9536,
0.9466,
0.9526,
0.9415,
0.9521,
0.9471,
0.9437,
0.9404,
0.8902,
0.9478,
0.9512,
0.9453,
0.9573,
0.2261,
0.8235,
0.4004,
0.6145,
0.9377,
0.9461,
0.9518,
0.9216,
0.9491,
0.9196,
0.9286,
0.9453,
0.9297,
0.9448,
0.0405,
0.9576,
0.0473,
0.9375,
0.0473,
0.0469,
0.0622,
0.9423,
0.9476,
0.8655,
0.9412,
0.9481,
0.9498,
0.9471,
0.9473,
0.8492,
0.0314,
0.0315,
0.0305,
0.947,
0.8492,
0.0329,
0.0348,
0.0374,
0.0312,
0.9146,
0.9498,
0.9483,
0.8604,
0.9148,
0.9417,
0.9415,
0.9504,
0.949,
0.9058,
0.8596,
0.8786,
0.9556,
0.8474,
0.9516,
0.9433,
0.9355,
0.9064,
0.9337,
0.9548,
0.071,
0.0908,
0.5684,
0.947,
0.9415,
0.9542,
0.947,
0.9456,
0.9533,
0.7801,
0.0565,
0.0565,
0.0251,
0.0241,
0.9512,
0.9468,
0.9513,
0.8216,
0.0565,
0.0336,
0.9458,
0.947,
0.9524,
0.9433,
0.9303,
0.9371,
0.9196,
0.7488,
0.9067,
0.9533,
0.9444,
0.9367,
0.9181,
0.052,
0.0519,
0.0674,
0.0485,
0.0516,
0.0537,
0.0457,
0.0326,
0.0313,
0.0451,
0.0453,
0.0477,
0.0403,
0.0465,
0.0639,
0.0455,
0.0414,
0.0358,
0.0433,
0.0557,
0.0431,
0.0944,
0.0485,
0.0375,
0.0579,
0.0481,
0.0468,
0.0509,
0.0485,
0.039,
0.0415,
0.0359,
0.0378,
0.0335,
0.0372,
0.0454,
0.0472,
0.0499,
0.0562,
0.0391,
0.0472,
0.0476,
0.0506,
0.0462,
0.0409,
0.0572,
0.0323,
0.0612,
0.0454,
0.053,
0.0318,
0.0436,
0.0413,
0.0462,
0.0335,
0.0374,
0.0371,
0.0511,
0.9119,
0.0832,
0.0107
] |
DEAD THINGS is officially out tomorrow. But it’s already starting to be seen out in the wild.
Digital copies of KHAN OF MARS started going out to the Kickstarter backers yesterday, too. All 1,516 of them. NO PRESSURE.
I have two new books out at the same time. I’m really having a hard time wrapping my brain around that information. They really couldn’t be any more different from each other. One is about a hard-boiled necromancer investigating his sister’s brutal murder as he deals with ghosts, death goddesses and damaged relationships and the other is a 1930’s pulp adventure about a hyper-intelligent gorilla and a Mexican cowboy on Mars.
Hopefully folks will enjoy them both.
I’ll be signing copies of DEAD THINGS tomorrow night down at Mysterious Galaxy Redondo Beach.
On Saturday I’ll be at Dark Delicacies in Burbank as part of a group signing with Karl Alexander (TIME AFTER TIME, TIME-CROSSED LOVERS), Bill Walker (A SLICE OF DEATH) and Tim Powers (SALVAGE AND DEMOLITION, ON STRANGER TIDES, LAST CALL, and too many others to get into here)
And on Sunday I’ll be signing down at Mysterious Galaxy San Diego.
Hope to see some of you there. I should probably figure out which bit I’m going to read.
Leave a comment | <urn:uuid:2b27939a-dbe8-4da0-b073-959ceab8c7a5> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://stephenblackmoore.com/2013/02/04/its-going-to-be-kind-of-a-weird-week/ | 2015-01-26T10:21:00Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121785385.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124174945-00119-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.907955 | 308 | [
0.9468,
0.9245,
0.9545,
0.9579,
0.9486,
0.8616,
0.9554,
0.9542,
0.179
] |
The mysterious Baim & Lazar have produced Modren art (see larger version), priced to move into your freewheeling flat. Though we're only on a last-name basis with these creators, their mode is casual, friendly and even, dare we say it, silly? Yes, modden aht can be silly too. Hanging this on your dormroom wall might just tear down the walls of whatever stuffy old institution is skooling you. The rest of us in the world have the freedom to put this up with no fear of retribution as the free expressionistas that we are.
(24"x36" full-color poster) | <urn:uuid:b0c4a5a9-7b03-4ccf-95ab-b226e467d443> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.dragcity.com/products/the-accidental-joke | 2015-01-26T10:25:21Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121785385.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124174945-00119-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922879 | 135 | [
0.9353,
0.1539
] |
his Dday: 2/10 but TT until 7/11
yes, but i hired one to verify nothing was going on. I did it up good (with a VAR is his car too) because it was the last time I was going to spy.
The PI called me and said he was in a park. I drove there and caught him on top of her.
they say if you hire one there is a 95% chance they'll find something - that is how well our gut works or something.
It was the worst day of my life.
And the VAR recording told me they had been together earlier in the day and had made out in his car, which he denied.
it was money well spent. Also, the PI took pics and OW is VERY worried about those. Actions have consequences...
[This message edited by rachelc at 5:24 PM, June 5th (Wednesday)]
my Ddays: 1/12, 4/12 broken NC 12/12
me (WW/BS): 48
4 kiddos in mid 20's
“Most things will be okay eventually, but not everything will be. Acceptance is a small, quiet room.” | <urn:uuid:1258bad6-09f7-40da-972b-4637f40073a2> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.survivinginfidelity.com/archives.asp?tid=498292 | 2015-01-26T10:29:50Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422121785385.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124174945-00119-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.993621 | 251 | [
0.6364,
0.9426,
0.9486,
0.9463,
0.8775,
0.9536,
0.9439,
0.0533,
0.3734,
0.2171,
0.8563,
0.9191
] |
The on-form combination of Adam Unsworth and passenger Stu Dawe may have their work cut out defending their Formula One sidecar title on home turf on Boxing Day.
Unsworth and Dawe went unbeaten through the Suzuki Tri Series last year, winning all six races in the series at Hampton Downs, Manfeild and the Cemetery Circuit in Wanganui. They then went on to victory on the street circuit at Paeroa in February, emphasising their dominance in the F1 ranks last season.
Unsworth is Wanganui born and bred, but has since moved to Auckland to become technical adviser for Triumph NZ.
This year the series has been confined to one round on the Cemetery Circuit in Wanganui on Boxing Day, and Unsworth confirmed he would defend the national title riding his 1000cc Windle.
"It's exactly the same bike we've been racing in recent seasons and our last outing was at Hampton Downs at Labour Weekend in October. We raced at the three-day Barry Sheen Trans-Tasman Challenge, the biggest meeting since the old Marlborough Series in the 1970s. It's a classic run event, but we (F1) were added to the meeting and Stu and I won all four races," Unsworth said.
"There were 20 lined up on the grid at Labour Weekend and to be fair, some were 600cc machines, but we went well. Our bike is running smoothly, with no major problems so far this season, so we're hoping to line up in Wanganui on Boxing Day with no excuses."
Unsworth nominated Taupo's Andy Scrivener and passenger Steve Bryant as the pre-post favourites on Boxing Day.
"Andy has the massive 1300cc Suzuki Hayabusa (GSX1300R) which has so much torque it will really suit Wanganui.
"They will be the favourites to take out the series, I think, although Chris Lawrence and his brother Ritchie (Auckland) will be right up there too.
"Chris finished second to us last season, and then there's Dwayne Bishop and Dave Dennison, who will be competitive on their home track on the Cemetery Circuit," Unsworth said.
Bishop and Dennison will ride Mike Paul's Doug Shivers-built Yamaha 1000cc, set up by Brian Bernard in Wanganui. Shivers is an Australian and former Cemetery Circuit lap record-holder. | <urn:uuid:af305f7d-e55e-4c8f-9629-acfc8860ebd6> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.nzherald.co.nz/wanganui-chronicle/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503424&objectid=11084626 | 2015-01-29T00:15:07Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122233086.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124175713-00023-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975392 | 500 | [
0.9573,
0.9521,
0.9471,
0.9548,
0.943,
0.9476,
0.9597,
0.9146,
0.9151,
0.9506,
0.9554
] |
Proven Cure became only the fifth Thoroughbred since 1976 to win a stakes race at the age of 12 when he rolled to a three-length victory over Mr. Meso in Saturday's $40,000 Littlebitlively Stakes at Lone Star Park in Grand Prairie, Texas.
The new year has begun, and all across the country, 3-year-olds are preparing for the grueling march to the Kentucky Derby (gr. I). The horses that remain from last year's classic crop are just beginning their journey to the Breeders' Cup. But the main headlines should belong to Proven Cure, who truly is the star of the year so far.
Well Decorated, one of the top 2-year-olds of 1980, was euthanized at Jim McCoy's Illinois Stud near Woodstock, Ill., because of complications from arthritis.
Perfect Drift edged away from Tenpins in the stretch to win Sunday's $750,000 Hawthorne Gold Cup (gr. II) on opening day at the Illinois track, but his trainer remained doubtful about a run in the Breeders's Cup Classic – Powered by Dodge (gr. I) Oct. 25 at Santa Anita.
This may be the Belmont Stakes (gr. I), but trainer Murray Johnson sees it as just the start for Perfect Drift, who he sends out Saturday to try and deny War Emblem a Triple Crown.
Most Popular Stories
- Nyquist Spikes Fever; Did Not Ship to Belmont
- What is Uncle Mo Worth?
- So Far, Seven Pointing for Belmont Park
- Connections of Uncle Lino, Laoban Regroup
- Exaggerator, Nyquist Set for Belmont Rematch
- Exaggerator Turns the Tables, Wins Preakness
- Young Buys Malibu Moon Filly for $500,000
- Medaglia d'Oro Colt Sells for $600,000
- Medaglia d’Oro Colt Tops F-T Midlantic Opener
- The Ex Terminator | <urn:uuid:cda7b9e3-7490-4438-9907-ce3684c33909> | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | http://www.bloodhorse.com/horse-racing/articles/tag/william-reed | 2016-05-24T08:26:30Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464049270513.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524002110-00146-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915254 | 424 | [
0.9551,
0.9556,
0.9521,
0.9527,
0.9562,
0.7274,
0.7713,
0.9343,
0.7749,
0.8972,
0.8966,
0.8782,
0.6757,
0.3944,
0.7605,
0.8399
] |
4/5/2013 12:28 A.M. ET
Billingsley raring to go after rehab start
Righty has no issues with bruised finger, set to start April 10 vs. Padres
By Ken Gurnick / MLB.com
RANCHO CUCAMONGA, Calif. -- Dodgers right-hander Chad Billingsley said he's ready to be activated after a 72-pitch rehab start Thursday night, and manager Don Mattingly didn't disagree.
Pitching for Class A Rancho Cucamonga, Billingsley went only four eventful innings, prolonged by two errors behind him and a Lake Elsinore Storm opponent that stole five bases. Billingsley was charged with four runs (three earned) on six hits, three walks, a hit batter and two strikeouts.
But he said he had no issues with the bruised right index finger that put him on the disabled list, not even when he threw curveballs, which he felt were improved from a 98-pitch Minor League start in Arizona last Friday. His fastballs were 91-92 mph.
"Throwing the curveball was the main thing and they were sharper," said Billingsley. "I'm ready for my next outing and there you go. I felt nothing."
His next outing will be April 10 in San Diego against the Padres, Mattingly said, assuming Billingsley has no further issues with the finger.
"As long as he feels healthy" Billingsley will start that game, Mattingly said. "As long as he doesn't go backward and feels it the next day. Obviously, we don't anticipate anything."
Mattingly said he was satisfied by Billingsley's body language, and by speaking to the pitcher briefly afterward, that the finger was no longer an issue.
"It's hard to judge when you send a pitcher to A ball," Mattingly said. "You're just making sure he's pain-free and throwing the breaking balls. He didn't throw a ton of them, but just the fact he throws it."
Billingsley said he was taken aback by the commotion of the Quakes' Opening Day atmosphere, from the helicopter that landed on the field during his pregame warmups in the bullpen to the between-innings promotions in front of the home dugout.
"Wow, it's a little different," he said.
Ted Lilly is scheduled to make a rehab start for Rancho Cucamonga Friday night.
Ken Gurnick is a reporter for MLB.com. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs. | <urn:uuid:9c10d144-4c34-422c-b08f-14da56316e02> | CC-MAIN-2016-22 | http://losangeles.dodgers.mlb.com/news/print.jsp?ymd=20130405&content_id=43930266&vkey=news_la&c_id=la | 2016-05-27T01:03:58Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-22/segments/1464049276415.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20160524002116-00061-ip-10-185-217-139.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983978 | 548 | [
0.1496,
0.9072,
0.9579,
0.0663,
0.9542,
0.957,
0.9573,
0.9524,
0.9581,
0.9565,
0.9548,
0.9448,
0.9526,
0.9545,
0.9589,
0.0274
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.