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pubmed_680_4594
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Ion and analyte changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) alter the metabolic activity of cancer cells, promote tumor cell growth, and impair anti-tumor immunity. Consequently, accurate determination and visualization of extracellular changes of analytes in real time is desired. In this study, we genetically combined FRET-based biosensors with nanobodies (Nbs) to specifically visualize and monitor extracellular changes in K+, pH, and glucose on cell surfaces. We demonstrated that these Nb-fused biosensors quantitatively visualized K+ alterations on cancer and non-cancer cell lines and primary neurons. By implementing a HER2-specific Nb, we generated functional K+ and pH sensors, which specifically stained HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Based on the successful development of several Nb-fused biosensor combinations, we anticipate that this approach can be readily extended to other biosensors and will open new opportunities for the study of extracellular analytes in advanced experimental settings.
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10.1016/j.isci.2022.104907
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pubmed_176_22134
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Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is a plant virus that is distributed worldwide and can induce necrosis and/or yellow mosaic on a large variety of plant species, including commercially important crops. It is the only virus of the genus Alfamovirus in the family Bromoviridae. AMV isolates can be clustered into two genetic groups that correlate with their geographic origin. Here, we report for the first time the complete nucleotide sequence of a Spanish isolate of AMV found infecting Cape honeysuckle (Tecoma capensis) and named Tec-1. The tripartite genome of Tec-1 is composed of 3643 nucleotides (nt) for RNA1, 2594 nt for RNA2 and 2037 nt for RNA3. Comparative sequence analysis of the coat protein gene revealed that the isolate Tec-1 is distantly related to subgroup I of AMV and more closely related to subgroup II, although forming a distinct phylogenetic clade. Therefore, we propose to split subgroup II of AMV into two subgroups, namely IIA, comprising isolates previously included in subgroup II, and IIB, including the novel Spanish isolate Tec-1.
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10.1007/s00705-011-0941-z
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pubmed_250_17520
|
Density measurements were carried out for aqueous solutions of two cationic surfactants: dodecylethyldimethylammonium bromide (C(12)(EDMAB)) and benzyldimethyldodecylammonium bromide (BDDAB). On the basis of the obtained results of the measurements the CMC and partial molar volumes of the surfactants studied were also determined. The obtained CMC values were also analyzed with those accounted on the basis of the surface tension data from the previous paper [J. Harkot, B. Jańczuk, J. Colloid Interface Sci. (2008), submitted for publication]. The values of CMC determined from the surface tension and density measurements for C(12)(EDMAB) are equal to 9.9x10(-3) and 1.5x10(-2) M and for BDDAB to 5.25x10(-3) and 5.3x10(-3) M, respectively. These obtained values are very similar. However, in the literature it is difficult to find the CMC values for C(12)(EDMAB) and BDDAB determined by these two methods used by us-especially from the density measurements for BDDAB and surface tension measurements for C(12)(EDMAB). In the case of the apparent molar volumes of C(12)(EDMAB) there is a good agreement between the values obtained by us and those found in the literature. The CMC values for C(12)(EDMAB) and BDDAB were also determined on the basis of their surface tension and free energy of electrostatic interactions between the polar heads of these surfactants and compared with those obtained from the surface tension and density measurements. It was found that the theoretically obtained CMC values were close to those determined from the density and surface tension data for the C(12)(EDMAB) and that the ratios of the CMC values of the surfactants to their concentration at which the water surface tension decreased by about 20 mN/m proved that the presence of the aryl group in the BDDAB head instead of the methyl group caused that its micellization process was more inhibited in relation to its adsorption at air-water interface than that of C(12)(EDMAB).
|
10.1016/j.jcis.2008.10.078
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pubmed_559_21534
|
INTRODUCTION
Therapy of cleft patients aims to control bone growth and tooth development so as to ensure a secure occlusion with good function. This paper aims to uncover the potential and limits of achieving neutral occlusion in patients with clefts of lip, alveolus and palate. Two treatment approaches are presented and compared with respect to the best long-term results.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
The first method implies occlusal rehabilitation using maximum intermaxillary orthodontic fixation with the Jasper Jumper. Thus, orthodontic dental-alveolar compensation of the anomaly is obtained. The second method represents orthognathic surgery to achieve ideal intermaxillary relations and a neutral occlusion. Two patients are described - one each for both treatment regimens.
DISCUSSION
The methods presented are meant to illustrate possible options for sagittal jaw development/movement in patient management. Orthodontic treatment has to rely on cooperation with maxillofacial surgery to achieve a neutral occlusion. Optimal management is ensured by a combination of both orthodontic and maxillofacial therapy. The orthodontic and surgical techniques for managing unilateral or bilateral clefts are continuously being further developed.
CONCLUSION
Although orthodontic treatment can achieve good neutral occlusion in some patients, there are limitations and surgical measures may become necessary.
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10.1016/S1010-5182(06)60015-2
|
pubmed_692_8048
|
BACKGROUND
Myomectomy is now often performed laparoscopically rather than by laparotomy to alleviate the risk of postoperative adhesions and reduce postoperative pain. However, intracorporeal knot-tying under direct laparoscopy is difficult and requires proficiency. We conducted a retrospective study comparing the results of a long unidirectional barbed suturing technique (with V-Loc180 suture) and the results of conventional suturing as applied to laparoscopic myomectomy.
METHODS
In women who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy in our university hospital between January 2011 and April 2013, uninterrupted suturing of 2 or more layers was performed. These women were divided into 2 groups according to the method of suturing: those in whom standard absorbable sutures were used (group P, n =42) and those in whom our suturing technique was used (group V, n =41). Patient characteristics and surgical variables were compared between the 2 groups.
RESULTS
No significant between-group difference was observed in age (p = .975), body mass index (p = .778), GnRHa administration (p = .059), intraoperative vasopressin dose (p = .364), intraoperative blood loss (73.8 ± 64.1 vs. 59.3 ± 54.0 mL, respectively; p = .199), myoma mass (212.6 ± 133.3 vs. 208.3 ± 198.4 g, respectively; p = .134), ΔHb (p = .517), or postoperative hospital stay (p = .314). Operation time (mean ± SD) was significantly shorter for group V (71.2 ± 22.9 minutes; range, 28.0-110.0 minutes; p < .001) than for group P (94.4 ± 27.2 minutes; range, 53.0-165.0 minutes). No patient required intraoperative transfusion or conversion to laparotomy.
CONCLUSIONS
Our suturing technique exploits the features of unidirectional barbed sutures and can be used in the same way as the conventional method when performing continuous suturing for laparoscopic myomectomy. Our data suggest that operation time can be reduced by as much as 25% with this new technique.
|
10.1186/1471-2482-14-84
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pubmed_341_6515
|
Nano-structured hydrogen titanate and sodium hydrogen titanate layers were formed when Ti metal was treated with H2O2 and NaOH solutions, respectively. The chemically treated Ti metals upon subsequent treatment with Ca(NO3)2 and CaCl2 solutions, resulted in incorporation of Ca2+ ions into the nano-structured titanate layer. Thus formed nano-structured titanate layers containing Ca2+ ions when subjected to heat treatment, forms anatase and calcium titanate-rutile phases, respectively. In vitro apatite-forming ability in simulated body fluid (SBF) was positive for H2O2-Ca and heat-treated Ti metal in contrast to NaOH-Ca and heat treatment. Formation of anatase phase together with Ca2+ ion release into SBF was found to be the key driving force for such a high bioactivity of Ca2+ containing H2O2 treated Ti metal on contrary to NaOH and heat treatment. This study provides a new insight into the factors accelerating the bioactivity of Ti metals during various chemical and thermal treatments, which further aid and abet to design dental and orthopaedic implants with high bone-bonding ability.
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10.1016/j.msec.2018.12.096
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pubmed_229_10887
|
OBJECTIVE
To assess the post-ischemic skin blood flow response after withdrawal of antihypertensive therapy in hypertensive patients with normal blood pressure during treatment.
DESIGN AND METHODS
Twenty hypertensive patients (group A) with a normal clinic blood pressure (<140/ 90 mmHg) receiving antihypertensive treatment (any monotherapy; one pill per day for at least 6 months) had their treatment discontinued. Before medication withdrawal and 2, 4, 12 and 24 weeks thereafter, the following measurements were made: clinic blood pressure, home blood pressure (three times per week, morning and evening) and skin blood flow response to a 5 min forearm arterial occlusion (using laser Doppler flowmetry). The patients were asked to perform an ambulatory blood pressure recording at any time if home blood pressure was > or =160/95 mmHg on two consecutive days, and treatment was initiated again, after determination of the skin hyperemic response, if daytime ambulatory blood pressure was > or =140/90 mmHg. The same studies were performed in 20 additional hypertensive individuals in whom antihypertensive treatment was not withdrawn (group B). The allocation of patients to groups A and B was random.
RESULTS
The data fom 18 patients in group A who adhered strictly to the procedure were available for analysis. Seven of them had to start treatment again within the first 4 weeks of follow-up; four additional patients started treatment again during the next 8 weeks (group A1). The seven other patients remained untreated (group A2). The skin hyperemic response decreased significantly in patients in group A1 and returned to baseline values at the end of the study, when there were again receiving antihypertensive treatment. In patients in group A2 a significant attenuation of the hyperemic response was also observed. This impaired response was present even at the end of the 6 month follow-up, at which time the patients were still untreated but exhibited a significantly greater blood pressure than before drug discontinuation. The hyperemic response of patients who did not stop treatment (group B) did not change during the course of the study.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings show a decrease in the postischemic skin blood flow response after withdrawal of antihypertensive treatment in hypertensive patients. This impaired response may be due to the development of endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodeling, or both, and might contribute to the return of blood pressure to hypertensive values after withdrawal of antihypertensive therapy.
|
10.1097/00004872-200108000-00006
|
pubmed_550_11297
|
Two L-proline based homochiral frameworks synthesised via diffusion and solvothermal methods display distinct L-proline bonding modes, one N,O chelating and one O,O bridging with amine nitrogen not bound to the metal, with binding mode dependent upon the degree of protonation of the amino acid.
|
10.1039/b706557d
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pubmed_927_3059
|
The genome of an Australian isolate of equine herpesvirus type 1 (equine abortion virus) has been analysed using the restriction endonucleases EcoRI, BglII and BamHI, and a physical map constructed. Terminal fragments were identified by exonuclease treatments, and linkage of fragments was deduced by a combination of single- and double-digest experiments and cross-blot hybridizations. The genome has a mol. wt. of 100 x 10(6) and is comprised of a short unique region bounded by repetitive sequences, which is present in both orientations in approximately equal amounts in the DNA population, and a long unique region existing in only one orientation.
|
10.1099/0022-1317-57-2-307
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pubmed_996_8651
|
We characterized the clinicopathologic manifestations of experimentally induced endotoxin-induced mastitis. Responses to hypertonic fluid therapy also were assessed. Eight cows received 1 mg of endotoxin by intramammary infusion in the left forequarter. Four hours after endotoxin administration, cows received 0.9% NaCl, 5 ml/kg of body weight (n = 4) or 7.5% NaCl, 5 ml/kg (n = 4) IV. Endotoxin-infused cows had expanded plasma volume, hyponatremia, transient hyperchloremia and hypophosphatemia, increased serum glucose concentration, and decreased serum activities of liver- and muscle-specific enzymes. Calculated plasma volume increased at 6 hours in cows receiving hypertonic NaCl, and at 12, 24, and 48 hours after endotoxin infusion in both groups. Concurrent observations of decreased serum protein concentration, erythrocyte count, and hematocrit supported observations of increased plasma volume. Relative plasma volume was greater in cows receiving hypertonic NaCl (124.3%) than in cows receiving isotonic NaCl (106.6%) at 6 hours after endotoxin infusion. Cattle receiving hypertonic NaCl had increased voluntary water intake after IV fluid administration. Increased water consumption was not accompanied by increased body weight, indicating probable occurrence of offsetting body water loss. Serum sodium concentration in cows receiving hypertonic NaCl was increased 2 hours after fluid administration, but the magnitude of the change was minimal (< 4 mmol/L) and transient, indicating rapid equilibration with either interstitial or intracellular spaces. Serum sodium concentration was decreased in cows receiving isotonic NaCl at 12, 24, and 48 hours after endotoxin administration, compared with concentration prior to endotoxin administration, indicating selective loss of sodium.
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pubmed_996_8651
|
pubmed_695_17001
|
BACKGROUND
Risk of kidney function decline in immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) is significant and may not be predicted by available clinical and histological tools. To serve this unmet need, we aimed at developing a urinary biomarker-based algorithm that predicts rapid disease progression in IgAN, thus enabling a personalized risk stratification.
METHODS
In this multicentre study, urine samples were collected in 209 patients with biopsy-proven IgAN. Progression was defined by tertiles of the annual change of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) during follow-up. Urine samples were analysed using capillary electrophoresis coupled mass spectrometry. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the risk prediction models.
RESULTS
Of the 209 patients, 64% were male. Mean age was 42 years, mean eGFR was 63 mL/min/1.73 m2 and median proteinuria was 1.2 g/day. We identified 237 urine peptides showing significant difference in abundance according to the tertile of eGFR change. These included fragments of apolipoprotein C-III, alpha-1 antitrypsin, different collagens, fibrinogen alpha and beta, titin, haemoglobin subunits, sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma, uromodulin, mucin-2, fractalkine, polymeric Ig receptor and insulin. An algorithm based on these protein fragments (IgAN237) showed a significant added value for the prediction of IgAN progression [AUC 0.89; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83-0.95], as compared with the clinical parameters (age, gender, proteinuria, eGFR and mean arterial pressure) alone (0.72; 95% CI 0.64-0.81).
CONCLUSIONS
A urinary peptide classifier predicts progressive loss of kidney function in patients with IgAN significantly better than clinical parameters alone.
|
10.1093/ndt/gfaa307
|
pubmed_1109_10716
|
BACKGROUND
Antimicrobial-resistant Gram-positive bacteria are important causes of serious infections.
METHODS
Between January and December 2009, we examined clinical Gram-positive isolates from 24 hospitals across Saudi Arabia.
RESULTS
Among the 13750 isolates, Staphylococcus aureus (62.3%) was the commonest, followed by non-group A beta-haemolytic streptococci (14.8%), group A beta-haemolytic streptococci (7.1%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (6.6%), pneumococci (6.0%), and enterococci (3.1%). Resistance rates were high among S. aureus (methicillin-resistant S. aureus: 32%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (oxacillin: 63%) and pneumococci (penicillin G: 33%; erythromycin: 26%; ceftriaxone: 11%); low among enterococci (vancomycin: 1%) and among beta-haemolytic streptococci. Resistance rates varied between regions, but comparison was complicated by differences in antibiotics tested. Many relevant antibiotics were tested against few isolates (e.g. ampicillin, vancomycin, and high-level gentamicin versus enterococci) while unhelpful tests were widely performed (e.g. cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and imipenem versus staphylococci.
CONCLUSION
Resistance is widespread in staphylococci and pneumococci, but not enterococci and beta-haemolytic streptococci in Saudi Arabia. Rationalization of antibiotic panels tested is urgently needed.
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10.1179/1973947813Y.0000000084
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pubmed_994_11639
|
BACKGROUND
Ideal management of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) remains poorly defined. Decisions regarding management of AVMs are based on the expected natural history of the lesion and risk prediction for peritreatment morbidity. Microsurgical resection, stereotactic radiosurgery, and endovascular embolization alone or in combination are all viable treatment options, each with different risks. The authors attempt to clarify the existing literature's understanding of the natural history of intracranial AVMs, and risk-assessment grading scales for each of the three treatment modalities.
METHODS
The authors conducted a literature review of the existing AVM natural history studies and studies that clarify the utility of existing grading scales available for the assessment of peritreatment risk for all three treatment modalities.
RESULTS
The authors systematically outline the diagnosis and evaluation of patients with intracranial AVMs and clarify estimation of the expected natural history and predicted risk of treatment for intracranial AVMs.
CONCLUSION
AVMs are a heterogenous pathology with three different options for treatment. Accurate assessment of risk of observation and risk of treatment is essential for achieving the best outcome for each patient.
|
10.4103/2152-7806.156866
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pubmed_471_20785
|
Rhodnius prolixus is one of the most important vectors of Chagas disease in Central and South America for which repellents and attractants are sorely needed. Repellents like DEET, picaridin, and IR3535 are widely used as the first line of defense against mosquitoes and other vectors, but they are ineffective against R. prolixus. Our initial goal was to identify in R. prolixus genome odorant receptors sensitive to putative sex pheromones. We compared gene expression of 21 ORs in the R. prolixus genome, identified 4 ORs enriched in male (compared with female) antennae. Attempts to de-orphanize these ORs using the Xenopus oocyte recording system showed that none of them responded to putative sex pheromone constituents. One of the them, RproOR80, was sensitive to 4 compounds in our panel of 109 odorants, namely, 2-heptanone, γ-octalactone, acetophenone, and 4-methylcychohexanol. Interestingly, these compounds, particularly 4-methylcyclohexanol, showed strong repellency activity as indicated not only by a significant decrease in residence time close to a host, but also by a remarkable reduction in blood intake. 4-Methylcyclohexanol-elicited repellency activity was abolished in RNAi-treated insects. In summary, our search for pheromone receptors led to the discovery of repellents for R. prolixus.
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10.1016/j.ibmb.2018.10.004
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pubmed_800_9609
|
As the efficacy of brachytherapy prostate treatment is becoming realized, new models of 125I seeds are being introduced. In this article we present thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) in a solid water phantom for a new design of 125I seed (UroMed/Bebig Symmetra, Model I25.S06). TLD cubes, LiF TLD-100, from Bicron (Solon, OH) with dimension 1 x 1 x 1 mm3 were irradiated at various distances from the seed at angles ranging from 0 degrees to 90 degrees in 10 degrees increments. The TLD detectors were calibrated by irradiation in a 60Co teletherapy beam. Monte Carlo simulation was used to account for TLD energy dependence and the deviation of solid water composition (as determined by chemical analysis of a sample) from liquid water. Dose rates per unit air kerma strength were determined based on calibrations traceable to the 1999 NIST standard (corrected for NIST measurement errors made in 1999) for the Symmetra seed. Dose data is presented in TG-43 format as a function of distance and angle. Values for lambda, F(r, theta), g(r), and the anisotropy constant are obtained for use in radiation treatment planning (RTP) software. The dose rate constant was determined to be 1.033+/-6.4% cGy h(-1) U(-1), which is comparable to model 6702 and higher than model 6711. We find the relative dose distributions of the Symmetra seed are similar to model 6702, and less anisotropic than model 6711. After accounting for deviation of measured solid water composition from the manufacturer's specification, good agreement between TLD results and Monte-Carlo-aided values was found.
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10.1118/1.1388218
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pubmed_26_6949
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In this study, organ and conceptus doses of patients undergoing chest, abdomen and skull radiograph examinations at two Nigeria X-ray centres, Niger State General Hospital (NGH) and Two-Tees (TTX), are reported. Air kerma was measured, and entrance surface dose (ESD) and half-value layer estimated for each set of tube potential (kV(p)), focus to skin distance and current-time product (mAs) used for each of the patients included in this study. Results show that the mean air kerma in the two centres are similar for the three projections considered in this study. Organ doses ranged from <0.01 to 2.18 mGy in NGH and from <0.01 to 1.29 mGy in TTX for examinations of the abdomen, from <0.01 to 0.20 mGy in NGH and from <0.01 to 0.13 mGy in TTX for examinations of the skull and from <0.01 to 3.90 mGy in NGH and from <0.01 to 1.96 mGy in TTX for examinations of the chest. Generally, no significant difference is seen between the organ doses of male and female patients. In NGH, organ doses are generally greater than those from TTX for the three examinations. The mean ESDs for examinations of the chest postero-anterior, abdomen antero-posterior (AP) and skull AP are, respectively, 5.37, 6.28 and 4.24 mGy in NGH, and 5.82, 5.33 and 4.76 mGy in TTX. The ESDs reported in this study, except for examinations of the chest, are generally lower than comparable values published in the literature. Conceptus doses were also estimated for female patients using normalised published conceptus dose data for abdomen examinations. The estimated conceptus doses were >1 mGy even when the conceptus was located 12 cm below the surface of the abdomen.
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10.1093/rpd/ncn317
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pubmed_94_6182
|
BACKGROUND
Preterm birth (PTB) is a major adverse pregnancy outcome and largely contributes to increasing neonatal and maternal mortality. Genetic and environmental factors may play an important role in the development of PTB. Numerous studies have shown that immune genes related to the immune system, such as IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα, are associated with the occurrence of PTB.
OBJECTIVE
We examined genetic associations between IL-6 rs1800796, IL-10 rs1800872, and TNFα rs1800630 polymorphisms and PTB in Korean women.
METHODS
In this study, 115 PTB patients and 147 controls were analyzed. The genotyping of three SNPs was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).
RESULTS
Our result showed that the rs1800872 polymorphism was significantly associated with the development of PTB in genotype frequency (odds ratio (OR) 1.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-2.90, p = 0.046). We also found a significant association in an analysis of combined genotypes (rs1800796 CC, rs1800872 CA, and rs1800630 CA) (OR 7.43, 95% CI 2.06-26.84, p = 0.001). In a correlation analysis, rs1800630 A allele was significantly related with the increased birth weight (g) within PTB patients (p = 0.005).
CONCLUSION
Our results imply possible relationships between the rs1800796, rs1800872, and rs1800630 polymorphisms and the development of PTB.
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10.1007/s13258-020-00946-4
|
pubmed_78_3996
|
Biological properties of four recombinant HIV-1 subtype C envelope glycoproteins from viruses with different phenotypic characteristics (CCR5 and/or CXCR4-utilizing) were investigated. The gp160 genes were cloned, expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda insect cells, purified, and their biological characteristics were examined. The conformational and functional integrity of the HIV-1 subtype C rgp160 was intact since they reacted with the A32, C11, IgG1b12, 7B2, and 17b conformational dependant monoclonal antibodies (MAb), sCD4, and patient sera. Baculovirus derived rgp160 can be used for further structural, functional, antigenic, and immunological studies.
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10.1002/jmv.20383
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pubmed_614_11649
|
Age-related cerebral blood flow decreases are thought to deteriorate cognition and cause senescence, although the related mechanism is unclear. To investigate the relationships between aging and changes in cerebral blood flow and vasculature, we obtained fluorescence images of young (2-month-old) and old (12-month-old) mice using indocyanine green (ICG). First, we found that the blood flow in old mice's brains is lower than that in young mice and that old mice had more curved pial arteries and fewer pial artery junctions than young mice. Second, using Western blotting, we determined that the ratio of collagen to elastin (related to cerebral vascular wall distensibility) increased with age. Finally, we found that the peak ICG intensity and blood flow index decreased, whereas the mean transit time increased, with age in the middle cerebral artery and superior sagittal sinus. Age-related changes in pial arterial structure and composition, concurrent with the observed changes in the blood flow parameters, suggest that age-related changes in the cerebral vasculature structure and distensibility may induce altered brain blood flow.
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10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2015.09.008
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pubmed_224_16629
|
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of induction of enflurane or halothane anesthesia on the distribution and elimination of previously administered intravenous aminophylline, and to evaluate the effect of previously administered intravenous aminophylline on the uptake of enflurane or halothane. Fifty-four dogs were studied: 6 received no anesthetic, 24 received enflurane, and 24 halothane. The six animals receiving no anesthetic were given 10 mg/kg of aminophylline. In each of the two groups of 24 animals, six animals served as controls and received no aminophylline. Of the other 18 animals in each group, six received 10 mg/kg of aminophylline, six received 25 mg/kg of aminophylline, and six received 50 mg/kg of aminophylline intravenously before induction of enflurane or halothane anesthesia. The redistribution (alpha) phase of theophylline was similar when anesthesia was induced with either enflurane or halothane and slightly more rapid when no anesthetic was given following aminophylline administration. The elimination (beta) phase of theophylline in the presence of either anesthetic was not significantly different than when no anesthetic was administered. The uptake of enflurane or halothane was unaffected by prior administration of aminophylline. Differences in arrhythmogenicity between enflurane and halothane after aminophylline administration are not related to alterations in theophylline pharmacokinetics or anesthetic uptake.
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pubmed_224_16629
|
pubmed_117_17303
|
Background: The efficacy of trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) is well-established, yet little work has been done to understand how young people experience this intervention.Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 young people aged 17-25 years (M = 20.0, SD = 2.61) who received TF-CBT as part of a pilot trial. Transcripts were analyzed via interpretative phenomenological analysis.Results: Four super-ordinate themes were identified: (i) experience of authentic care, (ii) personal role in therapy and recovery, (iii) talking about trauma is difficult but important, and (iv), transformative change. Young people described authenticity on behalf of the therapist, which seemed to foster emotional connection and comfort discussing trauma. They emphasized the importance of retaining autonomy and control during therapy, and a degree of personal responsibility in their recovery. Talking about trauma was described as difficult and potentially distressing, but also as critical for recovery. Transformative life changes were noted, which had a significant impact on young peoples' future outlook and self-perception.Conclusions: This study suggests that therapists should be attuned to the interpersonal needs of clients, attempt to foster self-determination throughout therapy, and simultaneously recognize the difficulty and importance of trauma work for young people when delivering TF-CBT.
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10.1080/10503307.2020.1851794
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pubmed_642_25292
|
Engineered skeletal muscles are inferior to natural muscles in terms of contractile force, hampering their potential use in practical applications. One major limitation is that the extracellular matrix (ECM) not only impedes the contraction but also ineffectively transmits the forces generated by myotubes to the load. In the present study, ECM remodelling improves contractile force in a short time, and a coordinated, combined electrical and mechanical stimulation induces the desired ECM remodelling. Notably, the application of single and combined stimulations to the engineered muscles remodels the structure of their ECM networks, which determines the mechanical properties of the ECM. Myotubes in the tissues are connected in parallel and in series to the ECM. The stiffness of the parallel ECM must be low not to impede contraction, while the stiffness of the serial ECM must be high to transmit the forces to the load. Both the experimental results and the mechanistic model suggest that the combined stimulation through coordination reorients the ECM fibres in such a way that the parallel ECM stiffness is reduced, while the serial ECM stiffness is increased. In particular, 3 and 20 minutes of alternating electrical and mechanical stimulations increase the force by 18% and 31%, respectively.
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10.1038/s41598-019-39522-6
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pubmed_822_15512
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The genus Vanhartenidia Lelej, 2006 is newly recorded from Egypt. A new species, V. mandishaensis El-Torkey & Soliman, sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Bahariya Oasis (Giza, Egypt).
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10.11646/zootaxa.3999.2.10
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pubmed_256_9269
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It has long been proposed that the higher activity of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) for substrates presented as multimolecular aggregates compared to dispersed molecules (interfacial activation) arises due to a conformational change in the enzyme. X-ray studies have, however, failed to identify any such change. Here we report the solution structures of porcine pancreatic PLA2 both free and as a ternary complex with micelles and a competitive inhibitor. Important differences between these structures indicate that conformational changes may play an important role in the mechanism of interfacial activation in PLA2s.
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10.1038/nsb0595-402
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pubmed_170_20103
|
This article describes how to interpret the single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). The author also describes cardiac electrophysiology and how this is represented by ECG graphs. Part 2 of this article, to be published in the next issue, will describe 12-lead ECGs and acute coronary syndromes.
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10.7748/cnp.v1.i3.pg18
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pubmed_134_3400
|
Repetitive behaviors (such as circling) are one of the defining features of autism. The substantia nigra (SN) is involved in circling. We used unilateral SN pars reticulata (SNR) infusions of the GABA agonist muscimol to induce circling and deoxyglucose autoradiography mapping in adult and postnatal day (PN) 15 male and female rats to determine its substrates. In adults, muscimol infusions in posterior SNR induced a higher circling rate than in anterior SNR, after which males displayed faster circling than females. In contrast, PN15 female rats circled faster than PN15 male rats. Autoradiograms demonstrated age- and sex-specific alterations of deoxyglucose uptake in the SN pars compacta (SNC) associated with highest circling rates. The data suggest that there is a close relationship of the GABAergic SNR and dopaminergic SNC in the induction of circling; there is a topographic organization of the SNR in terms of circling behavior and associated deoxyglucose uptake, which is dependent on age and sex.
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10.1016/j.nbd.2004.10.012
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pubmed_864_13663
|
OBJECTIVES
Central obesity is a key component of metabolic syndrome and it is often associated with other risk factors such as dyslipidemia, elevated plasma glucose levels and elevated blood pressure (BP). In this pilot study, the effect of Caralluma fimbriata (an edible succulent) extract in combination with controlled dietary intake and physical activity on these risk factors was assessed in overweight and obese Australian subjects.
DESIGN
This was a randomised, double blind placebo controlled clinical trial. Forty-three adults aged 29-59 years were recruited. The eligibility criteria included a Body Mass Index (BMI) >25 kg/m(2), or a waist circumference >94 cm (male), >80 cm (female). Thirty-three participants completed the 12-week study at Victoria University Nutritional Therapy Clinic. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups. C. fimbriata extract and placebo were orally administered as 500 mg capsules twice daily (1 g/day) and dietary intake and exercise were monitored weekly.
RESULTS
The results of thirty-three participants (experimental group, n = 17; placebo group n = 16) were analysed. The primary outcome measure was the decline in waist circumference. By week 9, the experimental group had lost 5.7 cm, compared to only 2.8 cm loss in the placebo group (Difference: -2.890; 95% CI; -5.802 to 0.023). Post intervention, the experimental group had lost 6.5 cm compared to 2.6 cm loss in the placebo group (Difference: -3.847; 95% CI; -7.466 to 0.228). Waist to hip ratio (WHR) also improved significantly after 12 weeks intervention in the experimental group, with a total reduction of 0.03 being recorded compared to 0.01 increase in the placebo group (Difference: -0.033; 95% CI; -0.064 to -0.002). There was also a significant decline in the palatability (visual appeal, smell, taste) of the test meal and sodium intake in the experimental group at week 12 (p < 0.05). In addition a significant reduction in body weight, BMI, hip circumference, systolic BP, HR, triglyceride levels, total fat and saturated fat intake within both groups was observed following the intervention period (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Supplementation with C. fimbriata extract whilst controlling overall dietary intake and physical activity may potentially play a role in curbing central obesity, the key component of metabolic syndrome. Controlling dietary intake and exercise improved body weight and favourably influenced the metabolic risk profile.
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pubmed_864_13663
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pubmed_904_15434
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Mental health problems affect the majority of people who face the sentencing process. The fact that a convicted offender has mental health problems may be taken into account in various ways: it may mitigate or aggravate the penalty, or may affect the type of sanction that is imposed or its conditions. At present, sentencing judges use a two-stage process to determine the effect (if any) that an offender's mental health problems should have on the sentencing determination. First, they ascertain whether the offender has a relevant mental health problem. If they find that he or she does, they then decide what effect that mental health problem should have on the sentencing determination. This article compares recent approaches that have been taken to the first stage of this process in Australia and Canada. It highlights difficulties with both approaches, and recommends replacing the current two-stage process with an integrated, single-stage approach.
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pubmed_904_15434
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pubmed_459_6730
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A new cluster of complement component genes, including C4BP, C3bR, and FH, is described. Family segregation data indicate that FH is linked to the genes for C4-bp and C4bR, previously reported to be linked and to maintain linkage disequilibrium. This cluster is not linked to the major histocompatibility complex, which contains the genes for the complement components, C4, C2, and factor B, or to the C3 locus. These data further suggest that the organization of genes for functionally related proteins in clusters may be a rule for the complement system.
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10.1084/jem.161.5.1189
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pubmed_220_5032
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Equivalent levels of X-linked gene products between males and females are reached by means of X chromosome inactivation (XCI). In the human and murine embryonic tissues, both the paternally and maternally derived X chromosomes (X(P) and X(M)) may be inactivated. In murine extra-embryonic tissues, X(P) is imprinted and always silenced; humans, unlike mice, can inactivate the X(M) in extra-embryonic lineages without an adverse outcome. This difference is probably due to the presence of imprinted placental genes on the murine X chromosome, but not on the human homologue, essential for placental development and function. An example is the paternally imprinted Esx1 gene; mice with a null maternally derived Esx1 allele show intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) because of placental insufficiency. We investigated the imprinting status of the human orthologous Esx1 gene (ESX1L) in placental samples of four normal full-term and 13 IUGR female fetuses, in which we determined the XCI pattern. Our findings demonstrated that IUGR as well as normal placentas display XCI heterogeneity, thus indicating that the IUGR phenotype is not correlated with a preferential pattern of XCI in placentas. Moreover, ESX1L is equally expressed in IUGR and normal placentas, and shows the same methylation pattern in the presence of both random and skewed XCI. These findings provide evidence that ESX1L is not imprinted in human third-trimester placentas and there is no parent-of-origin effect of chromosome X associated with placental insufficiency.
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10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201121
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pubmed_928_9181
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A 91.5% mass yield of urease and hemoglobin (Hb), co-encapsulated within polyamide membranes, was determined spectrophotometrically. The specific activity yield of microencapsulation was 84%, twofold higher than values previously reported, as a result of optimization of encapsulation conditions. The kinetic parameters and pH activity profiles of intracapsular urease were determined to be similar to those corresponding to the free enzyme. Similar activities were also observed for intact and microcapsule homogenate, indicating minimal mass transfer and diffusional limitation. The active configuration of the enzyme appears to remain intact upon microencapsulation. The application of a kinetic model for encapsulated urease further indicated that the kinetics were reaction-controlled with minimal mass transfer restrictions.
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10.1007/BF02922152
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pubmed_326_6591
|
Hypertensive emergency is an acute, perilous state connected with a marked increase of peripheral vascular resistance and the decrease of tissue perfusion. Its development depends on the rate of blood pressure elevation, on the severity of developed hypertension and the state of the vascular system. Although hypertensive emergencies can be grouped also on symptomatological and etiological basis, regarding the therapeutic measures to be taken, they appear in two well distinguishable forms. In case of hypertensive crisis treatment has to be started without delay, possibly in a few minutes, in states involving the risk of hypertensive crisis treatment has to be initiated within a few hours to avoid extensive damage of the vital organs or fatal outcome. The acute, but controlled reduction of blood pressure must not surpass 15-25% of the medium value. In hypertensive crisis, if possible, parenteral medication--as first aid--urapidil, verapamil, in states with endangering hypertensive crisis sublingual nifedipine, captopril, nitroglycerin may be applied, however in the different emergency states therapeutic intervention has to be individually determined.
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pubmed_326_6591
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pubmed_809_22952
|
OBJECTIVE
Amputation of a limb induces plastic changes in motor cortex that modify the relationships between the missing limb and the remaining body part representations. We used motor imagery to explore the interactions between a missing lower limb and the hand/forearm cortical representations.
METHODS
Eight right leg amputees and nine healthy subjects participated in the study. Focal transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to map out the hand/forearm muscle maps at rest and during imagined ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion.
RESULTS
In healthy subjects, both motor imagery tasks strongly inhibited the map volume and contracted the map area of the hand muscles. By contrast, in amputees, imagined dorsiflexion and plantarflexion enhanced the map area and volume of the hand muscles. In the forearm muscle maps, both groups displayed a similar pattern of isodirectional coupling during both motor imagery tasks. Imagined dorsiflexion facilitated MEP amplitudes of the extensor and inhibited the flexor muscles of the upper limb. This pattern was reversed during imagined plantarflexion.
CONCLUSIONS
We argue that there exists an inhibitory relationship between the foot and hand motor cortices that ceases to exist after leg amputation.
SIGNIFICANCE
The understanding of these functional mechanisms may shed light on the motor network underlying interlimb coordination.
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10.1016/j.clinph.2007.08.021
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pubmed_739_18106
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We studied two members of an African American family with erythrocytosis. An abnormal hemoglobin variant with an electrophoretic pattern on cellulose acetate similar to Hb J was identified. The oxygen dissociation curve using whole blood was biphasic, dramatically left-shifted, and hyperbolic. Sequence analysis of DNA from the proband showed heterozygosity for a T-->A change at the first position of codon 145 in the beta-globin gene which results in the substitution of an asparagine residue for normal tyrosine. The second cycle of C-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of a mixture of alpha- and beta-globin chains showed tyrosine, aspartic acid, and small amounts of asparagine. Collectively, these results indicate the existence of a mutation at codon 145 of the beta-globin gene which encodes for asparagine instead of tyrosine, and that asparagine then undergoes a partial posttranslational deamidation to aspartic acid. This amino acid substitution corresponds to Hb Osler, which is a high oxygen affinity hemoglobin variant, initially described to be caused by a substitution of Tyr-->Asp at beta 145. Posttranslational amino acid modification may constitute an important component in the pathophysiology of hemoglobinopathies.
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10.3109/03630269708997515
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pubmed_1131_13646
|
Practicing "green analytical chemistry" is of great importance when profiling the chemical composition of complex matrices. Herein, a novel hybrid analytical platform was developed for direct chemical analysis of complex matrices by online hyphenating pressurized warm water extraction followed by turbulent flow chromatography coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (PWWE-TFC-LC-MS/MS). Two parallel hollow guard columns acted as extraction vessels connected to a long narrow polyether ether ketone tube, while warm water served as extraction solvent and was delivered at a flow rate of 2.5 mL/min to generate considerable back pressure at either vessel. A column oven heated both the solvent and crude materials. A TFC column, which is advantageous for the comprehensive trapping of small molecular substances from fluids under turbulent flow conditions, was employed to transfer analytes from the PWWE module to LC-MS/MS. Two electronic valves alternated each vessel between extraction and elution phases. As a proof-of-concept, a famous herbal medicine for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, namely Polygalae Radix, was selected for the qualitative and quantitative analyses. The results suggest that the hybrid platform is advantageous in terms of decreasing time, material, and solvent consumption and in its automation, versatility, and environmental friendliness.
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10.1038/srep27303
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pubmed_1064_23021
|
Chronic stress and spatial training have been proposed to affect hippocampal structure and function in opposite ways. Previous morphological studies that addressed structural changes after chronic restraint stress and spatial training were based on two-dimensional morphometry which does not allow a complete morphometric characterisation of synaptic features. Here, for the first time in such studies, we examined these issues by using three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions of electron microscope images taken from thorny excrescences of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells. Ultrastructural alterations in postsynaptic densities (PSDs) of thorny excrescences receiving input from mossy fibre boutons were also determined, as were changes in numbers of multivesicular bodies (endosome-like structures) within thorny excrescences and dendrites. Quantitative 3-D data demonstrated retraction of thorny excrescences after chronic restraint stress which was reversed after water maze training, whilst water maze training alone increased thorny excrescence volume and number of thorns per thorny excrescence. PSD surface area was unaffected by restraint stress but water maze training increased both number and area of PSDs per thorny excrescence. In restrained rats that were water maze trained PSD volume and surface area increased significantly. The proportion of perforated PSDs almost doubled after water maze training and restraint stress. Numbers of endosome-like structures in thorny excrescences decreased after restraint stress and increased after water maze training. These findings demonstrate that circuits involving contacts between mossy fibre terminals and CA3 pyramidal cells at stratum lucidum level are affected conversely by water maze training and chronic stress, confirming the remarkable plasticity of CA3 dendrites. They provide a clear illustration of the structural modifications that occur after life experiences noted for their different impact on hippocampal function.
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10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.10.031
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pubmed_552_17514
|
Normal growth and differentiation of the lung depends upon mesenchymal-epithelial interactions during development. Recombination experiments using immature (Day 17) and mature (Day 21) fetal rat lung fibroblasts (FRLF) revealed that the stimulatory effect of mature fibroblasts on fetal type II epithelial cells is blocked by immature fibroblasts. Similarly, conditioned medium from Day 17 FRLFs blocks the stimulatory effect (fibroblast-pneumonocyte factor) of Day 21 conditioned medium on type II epithelial cells. This blocking activity is nondialyzable, trypsin sensitive, and heat stable. Its activity is neutralized by an antibody to TGF beta, in both conditioned media and recombined cell studies, and its activity is mimicked by TGF beta. Developmentally, TGF beta-like activity is present in conditioned medium from 15- to 19-day FRLF, decreasing precipitously between 19 and 21 days gestation. Northern blot analysis of mRNAs from fetal rat lung fibroblasts on Days 17, 19, and 21 revealed expression of TGF beta at all three stages of development.
|
10.1016/0012-1606(90)90276-o
|
pubmed_589_25021
|
Molecular diagnosis using DNA and RNA derived from malignant tumors and molecular biological tools such as the quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction (qPCR) is a commonly used technique in clinical pathology. In this report, we compared the qualitative extraction of RNA and DNA from cancer cells fixed using several liquid-based cytology (LBC) kits. Ten to 1,000 cells from the T24 urinary bladder cancer cell line and SKG-II cervical cancer cell line were fixed with 55% methanol and three different methanol-based LBC solutions. The mRNA levels of CD44 in T24 cells and E7 in SKG-II cells and DNA levels of p53 in T24 cells and E7 in SKG-II cells were analyzed by qPCR. mRNA and DNA extracted from T24 and/or SKG-II cells fixed with methanol-based LBC solutions were efficiently detected, but to differing degrees, by qPCR. mRNA, and DNA from cells fixed with a formaldehyde-containing fixative liquid were detected at significantly low copy numbers by qPCR. Our results demonstrate that LBC systems are powerful tools for cytopathology and immunocytochemistry applications. However, the appropriate fixative must be selected for cell preservation when a small number of LBC samples is used for molecular testing, particularly in RNA-based molecular analyses. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:833-840. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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10.1002/dc.23524
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pubmed_547_860
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The ability of autologous nerve segments interposed between allografts, to increase the total nerve-gap distance, was studied. Sciatic nerve allografts were carried out in a rat model. A 15-mm nerve gap was repaired with a 25-mm nerve graft (interposed group: allo-auto-allograft; control group: allo-allo-allograft). Cyclosporin was given for 12 weeks. Nerve regeneration was evaluated using the weight of the anterior tibial muscle and histologic, morphometric and immunohistochemical analyses at 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 20, and 24 weeks. Nerve regeneration in the interposed group was statistically significantly better than that in the control group. The authors concluded that a nerve allograft with interposed autograft may enhance nerve regeneration in this model, because of the migration of host-derived Schwann cells into the graft from not only the proximal and distal host nerve stumps, but also the interposed autograft.
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10.1055/s-2004-820774
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pubmed_778_17730
|
Cerebellar slice cultures of newborn rats showed poorly developed dendritic arborization of Purkinje cells, whereas cultures of 10-day-old rats revealed prominent dendritic branching. Gap junctional intercellular communication between Purkinje cells, investigated as dye transfer of microinjected neurobiotin, occurred through dendro-dendritic contacts, with decreased dye spreading in old cell cultures. These results indicate a possible correlation of gap junctional intercellular communication and the development of Purkinje cells.
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10.1016/j.devbrainres.2005.08.007
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pubmed_584_16319
|
OBJECTIVE
The frequency of endometriotic lesions in the right and left hemipelvis was analysed in 856 women with endometriosis. Eligible for the study were women with primary or secondary sterility, chronic pelvic pain, fibroids or benign ovarian cysts requiring laparoscopy or laparotomy consecutively observed between May 1991 and July 1992 in 23 obstetric and gynecology departments in Italy. Women with a previous diagnosis of endometriosis were excluded. A total of 3684 women entered the study. Of those, 856 had endometriosis and are considered in the present analysis.
RESULTS
Five hundred and ninety four had bilateral lesions (including both ovarian and peritoneal lesions). Of the 262 women with unilateral lesions, 118 (45%, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 38-54) had the lesions in the right side of the pelvis and 144 (55%) in the left one.
CONCLUSIONS
From an anatomical point of view, these findings support the transplantation therapy in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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10.1016/s0301-2115(03)00198-2
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pubmed_377_23091
|
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) elicits hemodynamic compensatory mechanisms in the fetal circulation. These mechanisms are complex and their effect on the cerebral oxygen availability is not fully understood. To quantify the contribution of each compensatory mechanism to the fetal cerebral oxygen availability, a mathematical model of the fetal circulation was developed. The model was based on cardiac-output distribution in the fetal circulation. The compensatory mechanisms of FGR were simulated and their effects on cerebral oxygen availability were analyzed. The mathematical analysis included the effects of cerebral vasodilation, placental resistance to blood flow, degree of blood shunting by the ductus venosus and the effect of maternal-originated placental insufficiency. The model indicated a unimodal dependency between placental blood flow and cerebral oxygen availability. Optimal cerebral oxygen availability was achieved when the placental blood flow was mildly reduced compared to the normal flow. This optimal ratio was found to increase as the hypoxic state of FGR worsens. The model indicated that cerebral oxygen availability is increasingly dependent on the cardiac output distribution as the fetus gains weight.
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10.1016/j.medengphy.2011.07.032
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pubmed_695_651
|
BACKGROUND
Cancer is the second most common cause of deaths worldwide. Likewise, in India, it is a major health problem, and disease burden is escalating every year. Cancer chemotherapy produces unfavorable effects on the well-being of an individual. Since the past few years, quality of life (QoL) is considered as the main goal of cancer treatment in the survival of a patient.
AIM
This current study aimed to assess the QoL and factors affecting it in adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment.
METHODS AND RESULTS
An analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted to achieve the objectives, employing the consecutive sampling method. A total of 120 adult (>19 years) patients were recruited from daycare chemotherapy unit of a tertiary care hospital. The data were collected using patient record form and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G), a quality of life (QoL) questionnaire. The overall mean score of quality of life (QoL) was 61.933 ± 5.85502. The domains of functional well-being and emotional well-being were most negatively affected after cancer chemotherapy. Education (illiteracy) and occupation (unemployment) were negatively associated with overall quality of life (QoL) of cancer patients on chemotherapy. Adverse drug reactions due to cancer chemotherapy negatively affect the quality of life (QoL) of cancer patients. Education (illiteracy) affects social well-being domain of cancer patients. Working in the government/private sector has a positive impact on functional well-being domain of quality of life (QoL).
CONCLUSION
The study findings suggest an overall low quality of life (QoL) among adult cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at our setup. It has been identified as a stressful therapy, also affecting both psychological and physical well-being. Poor infrastructure, illiteracy, poverty, and lack of proper treatment facilities at most centres often lead to poor survival outcomes and hence focus has always been on achieving quantity of life rather than quality of life (QoL). This is further complicated due to nonavailability of validated tools in local vernacular, apathy of the treating physicians in the context of QoL aspects and social and cultural factors that are unique to this society. Psycho-oncology needs to become an integral entity of comprehensive cancer care.
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10.1002/cnr2.1312
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pubmed_1061_24098
|
BACKGROUND
Cementation of polyethylene liners into well-fixed cementless metal shells has become an option during revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). We report the results of cementing a dual-mobility (DM) component into a stable acetabular shell in high-risk patients undergoing revision THA.
METHODS
A single-centre series of 10 patients undergoing revision THA with a DM cup cemented into an existing well-fixed shell between 2012 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Failure due to aseptic loosening or instability and implant survival at last follow-up were analysed. The average age was 79.2 years and mean follow-up was 3.5 years. Indications were recurrent hip dislocation in 8 cases and intraoperative instability with moderate abductor insufficiency in 2 cases. In cases with recurrent dislocation, the aetiology of instability was classified by Wera type.
RESULTS
At the latest follow-up, Harris Hip Scores had improved from 49.3 preoperatively to 71.3 postoperatively (p = 0.098). In the 8 patients with recurrent dislocation, 4 cases (50%) had an unclear aetiology (Wera type 6), 2 (25%) abductor deficiency (Wera type 3) and 2 (25%) late polyethylene wear (type 5).Postoperative recurrent dislocation occurred in 1 hip (10%). No cases of intraprosthetic dislocation, aseptic loosening of the previous shell or dissociation at the cement-cup interface were identified.
CONCLUSION
Although the follow-up of this series is short, cementation of a DM cup into a previous well-fixed socket seems to be a viable option to treat and prevent instability after revision THA, without providing constraint at the cement-cup interface.
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10.1177/1120700019873617
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pubmed_878_2547
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Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a severe progressive disease with marked morbidity and high mortality in which right ventricular (RV) failure is the major cause of death. Thus knowledge of the mechanisms underlying RV failure is an area of active interest. Previous studies suggest a role of NADPH oxidase in cardiomyocyte dysfunction in the left heart. Here we postulate that acute pressure overload induced by pulmonary artery banding (PAB) leads to a Nox4-initiated increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mouse RV that may lead to feed-forward induction of Nox2. To test our hypothesis, ROS production was measured in RV and left ventricle homogenates. The data show that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), but not superoxide anion (O2(·-)), was increased in the early phases (within 6 h) of PAB in RV and that this increase was diminished by catalase and diphenyleneiodonium chloride but not by SOD, N(ω)-nitro-l-arginin methyl ester, febuxostat, or indomethacin. H2O2 production in RV was not attenuated in Nox2 null mice subjected to 6 h PAB. Moreover, we observed an upregulation of Nox4 mRNA after 1 h of PAB and an increase in mitochondrial Nox4 protein 6 h post-PAB. In contrast, we observed an increase in Nox2 mRNA 1 day post-PAB. Expression of antioxidant enzymes SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase did not change, but catalase activity increased 6 h post-PAB. Taken together, these findings show a role of mitochondria-localized Nox4 in the early phase of PAB and suggest an involvement of this isozyme in early ROS generation possibly contributing to progression of RV dysfunction and failure.
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10.1152/ajpheart.00977.2012
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pubmed_600_21874
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We report herein the design and synthesis of bioisosteres of spirooxindole (MI-63/219), a small-molecule inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 interaction as anti-breast cancer agents. Compound 5b has been exhibiting significant anti-proliferative activity in nude mice bearing MCF-7 xenograft tumor. The compound 5b was found to act via modulation of MDM2 and p53 expression in breast cancer cells expressing wild type p53. Compound 5b stimulated p53 activation, caused modulation of downstream effectors p21, pRb, and cyclin D1 which regulate cell cycle. Thus, compound triggered G1-S phase cell cycle arrest, which was evident by flow cytometric analysis of treated breast cancer cells. Thus, compound 5b restores the p53 function, which triggers molecular events consistent with cell cycle arrest at G1/S phase.
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pubmed_600_21874
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pubmed_659_19314
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Electronic health record (EHR) data are sparse and irregular as they are recorded at irregular time intervals, and different clinical variables are measured at each observation point. In this work, to handle irregular multivariate time-series data, we consider the human knowledge of the aspects to be measured and time to measure them in different situations, known as multi-view features, which are indirectly represented in the data. We propose a scheme to realize multi-view features integration learning via a self-attention mechanism. Specifically, we devise a novel multi-integration attention module (MIAM) to extract complex information that is inherent in irregular time-series data. We explicitly learn the relationships among the observed values, missing indicators, and time interval between the consecutive observations in a simultaneous manner. In addition, we build an attention-based decoder as a missing value imputer that helps empower the representation learning of the interrelations among multi-view observations for the prediction task this decoder operates only in the training phase so that the final model is implemented in an imputation-free manner. We validated the effectiveness of our method over the public MIMIC-III and PhysioNet challenge 2012 datasets by comparing with and outperforming the state-of-the-art methods in three downstream tasks i.e., prediction of the in-hospital mortality, prediction of the length of stay, and phenotyping. Moreover, we conduct a layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP) analysis based on case studies to highlight the explainability of the trained model.
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10.1109/JBHI.2022.3172549
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pubmed_26_3236
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We aimed to investigate patients who had mandibular orthognathic surgery in England for the period 1 April 1997-30 March 2006. Data on hospital inpatient activity were extracted from the NHS Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) database for all mandibular orthognathic surgical procedures between these dates. Details of patients were investigated in relation to clinical details, socioeconomic status, other diagnoses, and clinical outcomes. Mandibular orthognathic operations were done for 8941 patients in England over the 9-year period, and the ratio of women: men was 1.7:1. The mean (SD) age at operation was 24 (9) years with no difference between sexes. There was a socioeconomic gradient in patients requesting treatment, most of whom lived in relatively affluent areas. The most common other diagnosis was "additional dentofacial anomalies" (8% of episodes). Mental or behavioural diagnoses were recorded in 41 patients (<1%). One patient died in hospital. Our results confirmed the differences in sex in patients receiving orthognathic care and highlighted socioeconomic inequalities in the treated patients. A number of coexisting diagnoses were also identified.
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10.1016/j.bjoms.2008.10.019
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pubmed_744_24330
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Nerve involvement is common to the pathogenesis of both leprosy and herpes zoster. We report two cases of borderline leprosy in which the skin lesions characteristically spared the healed zoster scar. Possible mechanisms and relationship are discussed.
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pubmed_744_24330
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pubmed_268_13182
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Damage of enamel and filling margins occurs during the removal of zinc phosphate cement with hooks and scalers after band cementation. This was revealed by scanning electron microscopy in different stages of the study in vitro and in vivo. When glass ionomer cement was used, and although the surplus cement was wiped off still being plastic, it could not be avoided that cement was wiped into the fissures and stuck to the slopes of the cusps. A protection of the occlusal surface with wax as described in this study is helpful for both using glass ionomer and zinc phosphate cement. Contamination of the occlusal surface with cement is avoided, and the isolating effect reduces the necessity to scratch off cement surplus.
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10.1007/BF02168929
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pubmed_85_25412
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Magnetic tweezers are powerful tools to manipulate and study the mechanical properties of biological molecules and living cells. In this paper we present a novel, bona fide electromagnetic tweezer (EMT) setup that allows independent control of the force and torque applied via micrometer-sized magnetic beads to a molecule under study. We implemented this EMT by combining a single solenoid that generates force (f-EMT) with a set of four solenoids arranged into a symmetric quadrupole to generate torque (τ-EMT). To demonstrate the capability of the tweezers, we attached optically asymmetric Janus beads to single, tethered DNA molecules. We show that tension in the piconewton force range can be applied to single DNA molecules and the molecule can simultaneously be twisted with torques in the piconewton-nanometer range. Furthermore, the EMT allows the two components to be independently controlled. At various force levels applied to the Janus bead, the trap torsional stiffness can be continuously changed simply by varying the current magnitude applied to the τ-EMT. The flexible and independent control of force and torque by the EMT makes it an ideal tool for a range of measurements where tensional and torsional properties need to be studied simultaneously on a molecular or cellular level.
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10.1063/1.4960811
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pubmed_344_8674
|
It is well known that the set of observed topological arrangements of secondary structures in globular proteins is highly limited. These limitations have been explained as the consequence of several rules of thumb including a strong preference for right-handed connections, against crossing loops and certain beta strand patterns. We present a critical evaluation of the power of these rules to distinguish known from possible topologies in a large set of two- and three-layer protein structures and determine that although these rules are still largely valid, an increasing number of exceptions can be found to many of them. The rules are then used to construct a generalised linear model for assessing the probability of occurrence of an arbitrary topology in the PDB. Application of the model to a large set of topologies generated during structure prediction showed that many had a similar probability of occurrence to known PDB folds.
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10.1089/cmb.2009.0265
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pubmed_800_21271
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A novel series of arylcyclopropanecarboxyl guanidines was synthesized and evaluated for activity against the sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform-1 (NHE-1). In biological assays conducted in an AP1 cell line expressing the human NHE-1 isoform, the starting cyclopropane 3a (IC(50) = 3.5 microM) shows inhibitory activity comparable to cariporide (IC(50) = 3.4 microM). Structure-activity relationships are used to optimize the affinity of various acyl guanidines for NHE-1 by screening the effect of substituents at both aryl and cyclopropyl rings. It is demonstrated that introduction of appropriate hydrophobic groups at the phenyl ring and a gem-dimethyl group at the cyclopropane ring enhances the NHE-1 inhibitory activity by up to 3 orders of magnitude (compound 7f, IC(50) = 0.003 microM). In addition, the gem-dimethyl series of analogues seem to display improved oral bioavailability and longer plasma half-life in rats. Furthermore, the lead benzodihydrofuranyl analogue 1 (BMS-284640) shows over 380-fold increased NHE-1 inhibitory activity as well as improved selectivity for NHE-1 over NHE-2 compared to cariporide.
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10.1021/jm010100v
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pubmed_291_14120
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Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem disease characterized by an autoimmune response to nuclear antigens. Although the pathophysiology of SLE remains incompletely understood, many recent studies indicate a major role for innate immunity. The toll-like receptors (TLRs), which play a key role in innate responses to infections, are also involved in acute and chronic inflammatory processes induced by endogenous ligands. Numerous in vitro studies have established that TLR7 and TLR9 are involved in immune complex recognition. Activation of these receptors leads to activation of immune cells, most notably B cells and dendritic cells, and to the inappropriate production of many cytokines known to be directly involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. These data prompted studies in several murine models of SLE to assess the impact of inactivation or overexpression of genes encoding TLRs or molecules involved in TLR signaling pathways. The results confirmed the major role for TLR7 and suggested involvement of TLR4 in the induction of an aggressive autoimmune response. However, in vivo data suggest a protective effect of TLR9, thus contradicting the in vitro results. In humans, genetic studies have identified polymorphisms associated with increased susceptibility to SLE.
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10.1016/j.jbspin.2010.09.005
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pubmed_9_21141
|
BACKGROUND
Supratentorial pilocytic astrocytomas are uncommon tumors, the prognosis and management of which have been controversial.
METHODS
The authors retrospectively studied the clinical and pathologic aspects of 51 patients with supratentorial pilocytic astrocytomas, with particular reference to their response to treatment.
RESULTS
The study group consisted of 25 male and 26 female patients (median age, 15 years). The extent of surgical removal was gross total or radical subtotal in 16 patients and subtotal removal or biopsy in 35. At a median follow-up of 14.9 years, 41 patients were alive. Overall survival was 82% at 10 and 20 years; 89% of surviving patients were fully active. Survival at 10 years was 100% for the 16 patients who underwent gross total or radical subtotal removal and 74% for the 35 who had subtotal tumor removal or biopsy. No association was found between pathologic features such as histologic grade or flow cytometric characteristics and patient survival.
CONCLUSIONS
Supratentorial pilocytic astrocytomas behave differently from low-grade astrocytomas of the diffuse or fibrillary type in that they have a favorable prognosis. Radiation therapy appears not to be needed for patients undergoing gross total removal. In patients undergoing subtotal resection, close follow-up with additional surgery or radiation therapy at the time of tumor progression is recommended. Patients who have biopsy only should receive radiation therapy. Histologic grading and flow cytometric analysis add little to clinical decision making with regard to patients with pilocytic astrocytoma.
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10.1002/1097-0142(19930815)72:4<1335::aid-cncr2820720431>3.0.co;2-e
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pubmed_406_8181
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The courses of 15 brain biopsy-proven cases of herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE) were followed for 6 to 67 months. Convulsive disorders were often temporary, but paralysis was permanent. Patients usually entered the hospital free of paralysis or coma, in a potentially reversible febrile confusional state. Later, paralysis and coma fixed subsequent courses. Mortality was 53.3 percent but, at follow-up, 93.3 percent (14 patients) were dead or living a vegetative existence at home or in institutions. If a definitive diagnosis of HSVE could be made at the time of hospital admission, the prognosis might be remarkably changed.
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10.1212/wnl.28.11.1193
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pubmed_842_5559
|
AIMS
Little is known regarding temporal trends in mortality attributed to heart failure (HF) from a population perspective. The aim of this study was to assess the mortality related to HF as an underlying cause during the last 20 years in seven European countries.
METHODS AND RESULTS
The number of deaths with HF as the underlying cause was collected in seven European states: Germany, Greece, England and Wales, Spain, France, Finland, and Sweden from 1987 to 2008. Disease coding for HF was based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD 9th and 10th versions). We computed age-standardized death rates (SDRs) per 100 000 inhabitants. Mean age at death from HF was also calculated for the same period. In the seven studied countries, the HF SDR decreased continuously from 54.2 (1987) to 32.6 (2008). Despite differences in the early 1990s, SDRs related to HF seemed to converge, in these seven European countries, to ∼30 deaths per 100 000 population in the near future, for both men and women. During the study period, the mean age at death increased from 80.0 to 82.7 years. Half of the deaths from HF occurred in hospital, without change over time.
CONCLUSION
There has been a 40% reduction of the SDR due to HF in seven European countries during two decades and a concomitant increase in the mean age at death from HF. We hypothesize that these results may be related to a better management of chronic and acute HF patients over the past 20 years.
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10.1093/eurjhf/hfr182
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pubmed_71_15512
|
The number of cancer survivors is increasing and they are often highly motivated to search for information about nutrition and about physical activity in order to try to improve their treatment outcomes, quality of life and overall survival. In the light of these concerns, the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF)/American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) as well as the American Cancer Society recommend a largely plant-based diet with limited consumption of red and processed meat, and limited consumption of alcohol, as well as the maintenance of a healthy weight throughout life and regular engagement in physical activity. There is a need for well-designed large observational and intervention studies to shed more light on the association between diet and cancer survivorship, and to suggest additional means for the secondary prevention of cancer.
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10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.05.012
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pubmed_880_19188
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW
To review recent developments in the molecular pathogenesis of tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) or pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) and its therapeutic implications.
RECENT FINDINGS
TGCT or PVNS is a benign clonal neoplastic proliferation arising from the synovium characterized by a minor population of intratumoral cells that harbor a recurrent translocation. These cells overexpress CSF1, resulting in recruitment of CSF1R-bearing macrophages that are polyclonal and make up the bulk of the tumor. Inhibition of CSF1R using small molecule inhibitors such as imatinib, nilotinib or sunitinib can result in clinical, radiological and functional improvement in the affected joint.
SUMMARY
Currently, surgery remains the treatment of choice for patients with TGCT/PVNS. Localized TGCT/PVNS is managed by marginal excision. Recurrences occur in 8-20% of patients and are easily managed by re-excision. Diffuse TGCT/PVNS tends to recur more often (33-50%) and has a much more aggressive clinical course. Patients are often symptomatic and require multiple surgical procedures during their lifetime. For patients with unresectable disease or multiple recurrences, systemic therapy using CSF1R inhibitors may help delay or avoid surgical procedures and improve functional outcomes.
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10.1097/CCO.0b013e328347e1e3
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pubmed_665_1067
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Microwave tumor ablation (MTA) offers a new approach for the treatment of hepatic neoplastic disease. Reliable and accurate information regarding the heat distribution inside biological tissue subjected to microwave thermal ablation is important for the efficient design of microwave applicators and for optimizing experiments, which aim to assess the effects of therapeutic treatments. Currently there are a variety of computational methods based on different vascular structures in tissue, which aim to model heat distribution during ablation. This paper presents results obtained from two such computational models for temperature distributions produced by a clinical 2.45 GHz MTA applicator immersed in unperfused ex vivo bovine liver, and compares them with measured results from a corresponding ex vivo experiment. The computational methods used to model the temperature distribution in tissue caused by the insertion of a 5.6 mm diameter "wandlike" microwave applicator are the Green's function method and the finite element method (FEM), both of which provide solutions of the heat diffusion partial differential equation. The results obtained from the coupled field simulations are shown to be in good agreement with a simplified analysis based on the bio-heat equation and with ex vivo measurements of the heat distribution produced by the clinical MTA applicator.
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10.1080/15368370600572953
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pubmed_795_21960
|
The abundance of the minor light-harvesting complexes CP29 and LHCI generally declines during the senescence of barley leaves. When light intensity declined due to clouding during the senescence of flag leaves from barley plants grown under field conditions, the levels of both light-harvesting complexes temporarily increased in parallel with photosystem II-efficiency [F(v)/F(m)]. A sudden shift from high light conditions to low light conditions during the growth of barley plants in a growth chamber also resulted in an increase in the abundance of minor light-harvesting complexes and a parallel increase in F(v)/F(m) as well as in the chlorophyll a+b-content of senescing primary foliage leaves. Northern blot analyses with a cDNA probe specific for the barley Lhcb4 gene encoding CP29 showed that the light-dependent changes in the abundance of CP29 during senescence are paralleled by corresponding changes in the transcript level. The results indicate that adjustments of the levels of minor light-harvesting complexes during senescence under high light conditions may serve in the prevention of photo-oxidative damage to the photosynthetic reaction centres and under low light in ensuring efficient photosynthesis of the residual photosynthetic reaction centres.
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10.1093/jxb/erg012
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pubmed_281_9233
|
BACKGROUND
The recommendation of breast lift surgery in the setting of patients requiring breast implant removal is twofold. First, a breast lift is indicated for patients who present with breast mound or nipple-areolar complex ptosis. Second, a breast lift is indicated to accommodate the forecasted redundancy in skin and breast ptosis created by implant explantation. The most popular approaches to mastopexy include the inferior and superior pedicled breast lifts. We present a surgical algorithm with diagrams and cases clarifying mastopexy approaches for patients desiring breast implant removal in patients presenting with breast implant illness syndrome.
METHODS
An algorithm was developed to explain the process for selecting the ideal pedicle approach for mastopexy and implant removal surgeries.
RESULTS
Three cases are presented to illustrate the application of each pedicle under different presentations and goals.
CONCLUSIONS
Advantages of an inferior pedicle include the capacity for unlimited lifting of the nipple-areola complex and for preservation of maximal breast mound volume. Its disadvantages include the inability to remove the breast capsule simultaneously and contraindicated if the lower breast pole is contracted. The advantages of a superior pedicle include the ability to remove the entire capsule and to eliminate lower breast pole if it is contracted. Its disadvantages include limitations to how high the nipple-areola complex can be lifted and the inability to preserve maximal breast mound volume. With the current trend for the request of implant removal in patients presenting with breast implant illness syndrome, the algorithm presented may assist surgeons with selecting the ideal breast lift and implant removal approach.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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10.1007/s00266-022-03178-x
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pubmed_83_6087
|
OBJECTIVE
To present a nation-wide analysis of the workload of urology departments in Turkey week-by-week during Covid-19 pandemic.
METHODOLOGY
The centres participating in the study were divided into three groups as tertiary referral centres, state hospitals and private practice hospitals. The number of outpatients, inpatients, daily interventions and urological surgeries were recorded prospectively between 9-March-2020 and 31-May-2020. All these variables were recorded for the same time interval of 2019 as well. The weekly change of the workload of urology during pandemic period was evaluated, also the workload of urology and the distributions of certain urological surgeries were compared between the pandemic period and the same time interval of the year 2019.
RESULTS
A total of 51 centres participated in the study. The number of outpatients, inpatients, urological surgeries and daily interventions were found to be dramatically decreased by the 3rd week of pandemics in state hospitals and tertiary referral centres; however, the daily urological practice were similar in private practice hospitals throughout the pandemic period. When the workload of urology in pandemic period and the same time interval of the year 2019 were compared, a huge decrease was observed in all variables during pandemic period. However, temporary measures like ureteral stenting, nephrostomy placement and percutaneous cystostomy have been found to increase during Covid-19 pandemic compared with normal life.
CONCLUSIONS
Covid-19 pandemic significantly affected the routine daily urological practice likewise other subspecialties and priority was given to emergent and non-deferrable surgeries by urologists in concordance with published clinical guidelines.
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10.1111/ijcp.13735
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pubmed_754_14886
|
Two simple microbiological tests for quantitating salivary Streptococcus mutans levels were compared with each other and evaluated for suitability for mass screenings and private practice. Both tests use mitis salivarius medium with bacitracin (MSB) and are selective for S. mutans. One test estimates colonies grown on agar (MSBA) and the other estimates colonies grown in broth that adhere to glass (MSBB). Both are scored from 1 (lowest) to 5 (highest). Children (293) in grades 5 and 6 in Tallahassee, Florida (nonfluoridated) were tested for S. mutans levels. Scores of children by both tests were significantly similar (chi 2, regression and Kappa statistical analysis). Correlation coefficients (regression) between scores and DMFS increments of the previous 4 yr were 0.35 (MSBA) and 0.26 (MSBB). Both tests were very good in identifying children with low caries increments, but positive scores did not correlate well with high caries increments. Sampling and interpreting took 2 min (MSBA) and 1 min (MSBB). Cost of MSBA/child was $1.15, and MSBB/child $1.25. These tests are economical and suitable for mass screenings to identify low risk populations who do not require preventive treatment.
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10.1111/j.1600-0528.1984.tb01464.x
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pubmed_783_19543
|
A Cry1Ab-resistant population of Asian corn borer (ACB-AbR) exhibiting approximately 100 times greater resistance to activated Cry1Ab than a susceptible population (Ostrinia furnacalis; ACB-BtS), was previously shown to exhibit high levels of cross-resistance to Cry1Ah (131-fold), but no cross-resistance to Cry1Ie. It was suggested that the proposed mechanism of resistance was due to the alteration of specific receptors for Cry toxins in the midgut brush border membrane. In the present study a proteomic-based approach was used to identify proteins from brush border membrane vesicles (isolated from both resistant and susceptible Ostrinia furnacalis larvae) interacting with biotinylated Cry1Ab, Cry1Ah, and Cry1Ie. 2D-Electrophoresis in combination with ligand blots were employed and putative protein identities obtained using MALDI-ToF/ToF mass spectrometry. The V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A and heat shock 70 kDa proteins were identified as interacting with the Cry toxins tested in the ACB-AbR and ACB-BtS larvae. The biotinylated Cry toxins showed markedly stronger interactions with proteins in the resistant compared to the susceptible larvae, suggesting an up-regulation of the V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A and heat shock 70 kDa proteins in the resistant (ACB-AbR) larvae. Interestingly, Cry1Ie interactions with the V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A in the ACB-BtS larvae appeared to be absent.
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10.1007/s11248-013-9718-3
|
pubmed_545_6789
|
OBJECTIVE
A relationship has been demonstrated between stress and the increase in the skin plaques in psoriasis. In addition, psoriasis is observed in cases of severe alexithymia and stress. In depression and various psychiatric disorders, there is a relationship between rumination and both the onset and persistence of the disease. The role of rumination, being a stress related factor, was investigated in this study.
METHOD
The study included 91 patients with psoriasis and 93 healthy controls. All participants were evaluated with the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Coping Style Scale, the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Any increase in the plaque formation after the duration of 1 month was recorded by the clinician.
RESULTS
In both the patient and the control groups, rumination scores were significantly correlated with the alexithymia severity scores (psoriasis group r=0.46, p<0.01; control group r=0.38, p<0.01) and the helpless coping styles scores (psoriasis group r=0.56, p<0.01; healthy r=0.57, p<0.01). When depression and anxiety scores were controlled, significant positive correlations were observed in the patient group between rumination scores and the scores on the difficulty of identifying feelings (r=0.42, p<0.01), the difficulty of describing feelings (r=0.25, p<0.05) and the scores on helpless coping styles (r=0.41, p<0.01); and also significant positive correlations were observed in the control group between the rumination scores and the scores on the difficulty of identifying feelings (r=0.27, p<0.05) and on helpless coping styles (r=0.42, p<0.01). Comparing the patients with and without increase in the plaques showed significant differences in the scores on rumination (p<0.01), difficulty of describing feelings (p <0.05) and total alexithymia scores (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
The relationship of alexithymia and of passive stress coping styles with rumination may have an effect on the course of psoriasis.
|
10.5080/u23743
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pubmed_188_23942
|
BACKGROUND
Unstable angina (UA) is a common cause of hospital admission; risk stratification helps determine strategies for treatment.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the applicability of two-dimensional longitudinal strain (SL2D) for the identification of myocardial ischemia in patients with UA.
METHODS
Cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study lasting 60 days. The sample consisted of 78 patients, of which fifteen (19.2%) were eligible for longitudinal strain analysis. The value of p < 0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
The group of ineligible patients presented: a lower proportion of women, a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), use of ASA, statins and beta-blockers and larger cavity diameters. The main causes of non-applicability were: presence of previous infarction (56.4%), previous CTA (22.1%), previous MRI (11.5%) or both (16.7%) and the presence of specific electrocardiographic abnormalities (12.8%). SL2D assessment revealed a lower global strain value in those with stenosis greater than 70% in some epicardial coronary arteries (17.1 [3.1] versus 20.2 [6.7], with p = 0.014). Segmental strain assessment showed an association between severe CX and RD lesions with longitudinal strain reduction of lateral and inferior walls basal segments; (14 [5] versus 21 [10], with p = 0.04) and (12.5 [6] versus 19 [8], respectively).
CONCLUSION
There was very low SL2D applicability to assess ischemia in the studied population. However, the global strain showed a correlation with the presence of significant coronary lesion, which could be included in the UA diagnostic arsenal in the future.
|
10.5935/abc.20180062
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pubmed_848_20271
|
The effects of the therapist's assuming control of the patient's finances through representative payeeship is discussed. The authors use case examples from an urban outpatient community mental health center to illustrate administrative issues, ethical conflicts, and transference and countertransference manifestations of payeeship. They favor an approach whereby the institution is formally the payee and a clinician is designated to manage a patient's account. For most patients for whom a clinician assumed payeeship, compliance with treatment increased, the number and length of hospitalizations decreased, and housing arrangements improved. Although designating the therapist as payee has a significant impact on the therapeutic relationship, in most cases the patient is so impaired that the benefits outweight the liabilities.
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10.1176/ps.41.2.167
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pubmed_1021_11836
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Left-handedness occurs in about 8% of the human population. It runs in families and an adoption study suggests a genetic rather than an environmental origin; however, monozygotic twins show substantial discordance. The only genetic models that successfully explain the family and twin data are those of McManus and Annett, which share the feature of incorporating a random component reflecting the biological phenomenon of 'fluctuating asymmetry'. The models have each been modified to explain the greater incidence of left-handedness in males. The McManus model is more successful at explaining the maternal effect--left-handed mothers have more left-handed offspring than do left-handed fathers. Both models explain the association of handedness with cerebral language dominance. The models differ principally in their conception of the phenotypes of handedness: Annett proposes a unimodal continuum, McManus proposes two discrete categories of handedness. Finding the gene for handedness and hence for language dominance would unlock the neurobiology of language. Two ways of finding the gene for handedness are proposed: searching the pseudoautosomal region of the X chromosome or invoking a specific evolutionary model of lateralization in which the handedness gene has evolved from the situs gene then searching the human genome for homologues to the mouse situs gene.
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10.1002/9780470514160.ch15
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pubmed_1058_13471
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We describe a case of successful laparoscopic resection of a left adrenal neuroblastoma (NB) detected by mass screening (MS) in an 8-month-old boy. Cases with MS NBs are supposed to be potential candidates for laparoscopic surgery in the pediatric age group.
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pubmed_1058_13471
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pubmed_545_9175
|
Syringa wolfii (Syringa: Syringeae), an upright shrub, is ornamental species used in urban greenification. In this study, we determined the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of S. wolfii using next-generation sequencing (NGS). The size of the chloroplast genome is 156,571 bp in length, including a large single-copy region (LSC) of 86,684 bp, a small single-copy region (SSC) of 19,109 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat (IR) regions with 25,362 bp. The GC content of the chloroplast genome was 37.95%. Moreover, a total of 131 functional genes were annotated, including 87 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree suggested that S. wolfii was closely related to S. yunnansis.
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10.1080/23802359.2020.1763216
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pubmed_1026_15396
|
The abnormal diameter of the coronary artery is twice or more than the normal diameter, which is a coronary artery aneurysm (CAA). According to the clinical statistics, CAA shows high occurrence on right coronary artery (RCA). The most common cause of CAA in adults is atherosclerosis, which destroys the elastic fibers in the middle layer of the blood vessel. Under the intravascular pressure, the weak wall bulges outward and form CAA. This article aims to explain the hemodynamic mechanism of coronary artery aneurysm shows high occurrence on RCA. Occurrence of CAA was simulated by the volume growth of coronary artery. Firstly, a 0-3D multi-scale model of normal coronary artery was constructed to obtain the hemodynamic environments of coronary artery. Then, fluid-structure interaction of normal and atherosclerotic blood vessel was performed to obtain volume growth rate of the coronary artery. Atherosclerosis was simulated by modifying Young's modulus in middle layer of the blood vessel. Finally, creep simulation was performed to compare the deformation of the blood vessels under the accumulation of time. Under normal condition, the volume growth rate of the RCA is 2.28 times and 1.55 times of the LAD and the LCX. After atherosclerosis, the volume growth rate of the RCA was 2.69 times and 2.12 times of the LAD and the LCX. And the volume growth rate of the RCA was 3.85 times and 3.45 times of the LAD and the LCX after further deepening of atherosclerosis. The expansion time above the average volume growth rate of the RCA, the LAD and the LCX respectively were 0.194, 0.168 and 0.179 s. The RCA is 2.06 times the original, the LAD and LCX are 1.53 times and 1.56 times after 10 years in creep simulation. It can be concluded that the RCA is more prone to aneurysms originated from the larger expansion of the RCA under normal physiological condition, and the larger expansion is magnified under atherosclerosis condition with destroyed vessel elasticity, and further magnified during the time accumulated viscoelastic creep to develop to aneurysm eventually.
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10.3389/fphys.2020.00323
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pubmed_299_8382
|
In the genus Streptomyces, carbon utilization is of significant importance for the expression of genes involved in morphological differentiation and antibiotic production. However, there is little information about the mechanism involved in these effects. In the present work, it was found that glucose exerted a suppressive effect on the Streptomyces coelicolor actinorhodin (Act) and undecylprodigiosin (Red) production, as well as in its morphological differentiation. Accordingly, using a high-density microarray approach in S. coelicolor grown under glucose repression, at early growth stages, a negative effect was exerted on the transcription of genes involved in Act and Red production, when compared with non-repressive conditions. Seven genes of Act and at least ten genes of Red production were down-regulated by glucose. Stronger repression was observed on the initial steps of antibiotics formation. On the contrary, the coelimycin P1 cluster was up-regulated by glucose. Regarding differentiation, no sporulation was observed in the presence of glucose and expression of a set of genes of the bld cascade was repressed as well as chaplins and rodlins genes. Finally, a series of transcriptional regulators involved in both processes were up- or down-regulated by glucose. This is the first global transcriptomic approach performed to understand the molecular basis of the glucose effect on the synthesis of secondary metabolism and differentiation in the genus Streptomyces. The results of this study are opening new avenues for further exploration.
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10.1007/s12010-016-2158-9
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pubmed_101_17829
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Background: Angle grinders are a handheld power tool used for grinding and polishing stone, metal, and concrete. Some people, however, use them with a circular saw blade attachment for cutting wood and consequently, suffer injuries. We aimed to investigate the underlying cause and mechanisms of injuries caused by cutting wood with an angle grinder. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using medical records from our trauma center and identified 15 patients treated for angle grinder injury between 2017 and 2018. Moreover, we contacted the National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan for further information about angle grinder injuries. Results: Nine of the 15 patients used angle grinders improperly, of which only three patients were aware of the risk of injury. The details of the nine patients were as follows: the types of injuries: complete finger amputation (n = 2), partial finger amputation (n = 1), tendon injury with phalangeal fracture (n = 5), and tendon injury alone, (n = 1); the causes of accidents: kickback (n = 7) and glove entanglement (n = 2); and the accident situations: on-the-job (n = 5) and do-it-yourself (n = 4). Conclusions: The primary cause of angle grinder injury caused by cutting wood was a lack of user knowledge that an angle grinder cannot be used as a cutting tool. Appropriate feedback from hand surgeons are necessary to urge manufacturers to take safety measures.
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10.1142/S2424835521500053
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pubmed_584_6559
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Improving medical treatment of extremely low-birth-weight infants over the last 20 to 30 years resulted in increased survival rates. The developmental sequela of salvaged infants is of great interest to perinatologists. The primary purposes of the current study were to assess the effect of birth weight (BW) on developmental delay or disability (DDD) in the first three years of life and determine whether there is a BW threshold below which all infants should be evaluated to determine if intervention services for children with DDD should be received. Three statewide databases were merged: 1998 Birth Vital Statistics; 1997-1998 Medicaid eligibility files; and 1998-2001 Children's Medical Services' Early Intervention Program (CMS-EIP) data. Infants who died within the first year of life and plural births were excluded. The final dataset consisted of 170,874 records. A child was determined to have a DDD if a developmental delay, or an established condition, such as sensory impairment, genetic, metabolic, neurological, or severe attachment disorders, was diagnosed through a multidisciplinary evaluation. Logistic regression models were used to relate BW to DDD, controlling for sociodemographic, behavioral, and perinatal variables. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated to describe the effects of BW on DDD. There was a significant effect of BW on DDD (Adjusted OR &equals 97.50, 40.01, 15.84, 3.29, 1.39, 1.00, 1.52 for BW categories 450-749, 750-999, 1000-1499, 1500- 2499, 2500-2999, 3000-4749, 4750-6050 g, respectively). In these categories, 70%, 56%, 36%, 11%, 4%, 3%, and 6% of surviving singleton infants, respectively, suffered a DDD in their first 3 years of life. Four medical, five sociodemographic, and two behavioral factors were significant in addition to BW. An equation for predicting the probability of DDD given these factors was obtained, and its use exemplified. BW is strongly associated with DDD. Over 60% of infants weighing < 1000 g and nearly half (46%) of those weighing < 1500 g at birth are diagnosed with a DDD before 3 years of age. The probability of DDD for a specific infant also varies by sociodemographic, other perinatal, and behavioral factors. The results of this paper suggest that all surviving infants of BW < 1000 g, and perhaps < 1500 g, should be automatically referred for evaluation.
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10.1055/s-2003-42773
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pubmed_1121_12618
|
The International Classification of Diseases-11 (ICD-11) chronic pain classification includes about 100 chronic pain diagnoses on different diagnostic levels. Each of these diagnoses requires specific operationalized diagnostic criteria to be present. The classification comprises more than 200 diagnostic criteria. The aim of the Classification Algorithm for Chronic Pain in ICD-11 (CAL-CP) is to facilitate the use of the classification by guiding users through these diagnostic criteria. The diagnostic criteria were ordered hierarchically and visualized in accordance with the standards defined by the Society for Medical Decision Making Committee on Standardization of Clinical Algorithms. The resulting linear decision tree underwent several rounds of iterative checks and feedback by its developers, as well as other pain experts. A preliminary pilot evaluation was conducted in the context of an ecological implementation field study of the classification itself. The resulting algorithm consists of a linear decision tree, an introduction form, and an appendix. The initial decision trunk can be used as a standalone algorithm in primary care. Each diagnostic criterion is represented in a decision box. The user needs to decide for each criterion whether it is present or not, and then follow the respective yes or no arrows to arrive at the corresponding ICD-11 diagnosis. The results of the pilot evaluation showed good clinical utility of the algorithm. The CAL-CP can contribute to reliable diagnoses by structuring a way through the classification and by increasing adherence to the criteria. Future studies need to evaluate its utility further and analyze its impact on the accuracy of the assigned diagnoses.
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10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002208
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pubmed_967_7375
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An evaluation was made of 457 colposcopically guided punch biopsies from patients with suspicious areas in the ectocervical mucous membrane showing leukoplakia, punctations , mosaic structures or atypical transformation zones. Intraepithelial cervical neoplasias could be demonstrated histologically in 56 cases (12.3%). Irrespective of the nature of the epithelial findings, the histological pictures correlated with colposcopic findings in 388 cases (84.9%) as far as epithelial structure, abnormal epithelial-stromal relations, keratoses and stroma alterations are concerned. The correctness of the colposcopic findings can be certified by precise formulation of these changes in the histological report. This additional information is offered to encourage more extensive use of the colposcope . Colposcopy, used routinely and independent of cytology, provides satisfactory quality control for cytology.
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10.1055/s-2008-1036432
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pubmed_586_12095
|
The contribution discusses the most important theories which chiefly refer in a mainly sociologically orientated way to the explanation of the various forms of the process of aging: activity- and disengagement-theory. Both theories have had an exceptionally strong influence on scientific soziological research since they had become known and the result of this research has made a modification of the theoretical onset necessary. The conclusions to be drawn under socio-economical points of view under, respect of the theory of socialisation, sociology of knowledge and socioeducational points of view will be explained at the end of the contribution.
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pubmed_586_12095
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pubmed_905_17178
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A short, convergent and general strategy for stereoselective total synthesis of biologically active α-substituted γ-hydroxymethyl γ-lactone based natural products cananginone C and debilisone A has been developed. The salient features of this synthesis include Cadiot-Chodkiewicz coupling, Evans allylation, Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation and γ-lactonization. The originally proposed structure of debilisone A has been revised.
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10.1039/c6ob01671e
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pubmed_266_24971
|
Much of our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing the cell cycle in mammals has relied heavily on methods that measure the aggregate state of a population of cells. While instrumental in shaping our current understanding of cell proliferation, these approaches mask the genetic signatures of rare subpopulations such as quiescent (G0) and very slowly dividing (SD) cells. Results described in this study and those of others using single-cell analysis reveal that even in clonally derived immortalized cancer cells, ∼1-5% of cells can exhibit G0 and SD phenotypes. Therefore to enable the study of these rare cell phenotypes we established an integrated molecular, computational, and imaging approach to track, isolate, and genetically perturb single cells as they proliferate. A genetically encoded cell-cycle reporter (K67p-FUCCI) was used to track single cells as they traversed the cell cycle. A set of R-scripts were written to quantify K67p-FUCCI over time. To enable the further study G0 and SD phenotypes, we retrofitted a live cell imaging system with a micromanipulator to enable single-cell targeting for functional validation studies. Single-cell analysis revealed HT1080 and MCF7 cells had a doubling time of ∼24 and ∼48 h, respectively, with high duration variability in G1 and G2 phases. Direct single-cell microinjection of mRNA encoding (GFP) achieves detectable GFP fluorescence within ∼5 h in both cell types. These findings coupled with the possibility of targeting several hundreds of single cells improves throughput and sensitivity over conventional methods to study rare cell subpopulations.
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10.1152/physiolgenomics.00065.2020
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pubmed_1118_18030
|
Personal narratives make up more than half of children's conversations. The ability to share personal narratives helps build and maintain friendships, promotes physical and emotional wellbeing, supports classroom participation, and underpins academic success and vocational outcomes. Although personal narratives are a universal discourse genre, cross-cultural and cross-linguistic research into children's ability to share personal narratives is in its infancy. The current study addresses this gap in the research by developing the Global TALES protocol, a protocol comprising six scripted prompts for eliciting personal narratives in school-age children (excited, worried, annoyed, proud, problem situation, something important). We evaluated its feasibility with 249 ten-year-old children from 10 different countries, speaking 8 different languages, and analyzed researchers' views on the process of adapting the protocol for use in their own country/language. At group-level, the protocol elicited discourse samples from all children, although individual variability was evident, with most children providing responses to all six prompts. When investigating the topics of children's personal narratives in response to the prompts, we found that children from around the world share many commonalities regarding topics of conversation. Once again individual variability was high, indicating the protocol is effective in prompting children to share their past personal experiences without forcing them to focus on one particular topic. Feedback from the participating researchers on the use of the protocol in their own countries was generally positive, although several translation issues were noted. Based on our results, we now invite clinical researchers from around the world to join us in conducting further research into this important area of practice to obtain a better understanding of the development of personal narratives from children across different languages and cultures and to begin to establish local benchmarks of performance.
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10.1371/journal.pone.0273114
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pubmed_1053_2396
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Solitary plasmacytoma of the upper air and food passages is a rare tumour. This paper deals with such a case along with a brief account of the etiology, clinical features and therapeutic measures.
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pubmed_1053_2396
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pubmed_297_13870
|
Advances in diagnostic medicine have led to an increased awareness and heightened concern for the high prevalence of amyloid-associated neurodegenerative diseases, especially in the elderly. These diseases have characteristic late stage symptoms that often make it possible to distinguish one disorder from another, though methods to diagnose neurodegeneration pre-symptomatically remain a critical challenge. At the molecular level, misfolded protein aggregates known as amyloids are ubiquitously found in many neurodegenerative diseases, and have been suggested to appear before clinical symptoms manifest. Amyloids have, thus, become a valuable potential diagnostic target for chemists, and recent work by many groups have shown that they can be selectively targeted by small molecule fluorescent probes. Here, we summarize some of the exciting work currently under investigation in the area of fluorescence-based amyloid detection and highlight recent efforts to expand the utility of amyloid-targeting fluorophores as clinical tools for disease diagnostics.
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10.1039/c8cc03619e
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pubmed_789_231
|
Data were collected when children were 42, 54, and 72 months of age (Ns=210, 191, and 172 for T1, T2, and T3, respectively). Children's emotion understanding (EU) and theory of mind (ToM) were examined as predictors of children's prosocial orientation within and across time. EU positively related to children's sympathy across 2.5 years, and T1 EU positively related to parent-reported prosocial orientation concurrently and across 1 year (T2). T2 ToM positively related to parents' reports of sympathy and prosocial orientation concurrently and 18 months later (T3); in contrast, T3 ToM did not relate to sympathy or prosocial orientation. T2 ToM accounted for marginally significant variance (p<0.058) in T3 mother-reported prosocial orientation over and above that accounted for by T2 prosocial orientation. Fostering the development of EU and ToM may contribute to children's prosocial orientation.
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10.1080/17439760.2010.536776
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pubmed_399_931
|
Insertion of a 36-base-pair (bp) synthetic oligonucleotide comprising the sequence 5'-GTAGGT(19N)CTAAT (4N)AG-3' into several different positions within the coding region of the naturally intronless ura4 gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe leads to an efficiently spliced gene producing a functional product. This suggests that the proper signals within an intron are sufficient to initiate and complete a splicing event independent of the location of the intron in the gene. Point mutations in the 5' junction (5'-GTAGGT-3') and in the putative branch sequence (5'-CTAAT-3') affect splicing efficiency significantly. A G-to-A transition at the first nucleotide at the 5' splice junction (5'-ATAGGT-3') abolishes the use of the authentic splice junction and leads to the increased use of an alternative splice site. No functional product is produced from this transcript. An A-to-G transition of the second A in the putative branch sequence (5'-CTAGT-3') lowers the splicing efficiency drastically, but still results in a functional gene product. Furthermore, extension of the 36-bp intron to introns more than 180 bp in size abolishes splicing, suggesting that the splicing apparatus might be restricted to very short introns. We discuss the possibility that S. pombe introns represent a simple type of eucaryotic intron.
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10.1128/mcb.9.4.1526-1535.1989
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pubmed_506_17328
|
This article describes cultural relevance in physical activity intervention research with underrepresented populations. Seventy-one extant studies which tested interventions to increase physical activity among underrepresented adults were included. Verbatim descriptions of efforts to enhance cultural relevance of study designs and interventions were extracted and then content analyzed. We found strategies to enhance cultural relevance of interventions as soliciting input from population members, linking intervention content with values, addressing language and literacy challenges, incorporating population media figures, using culturally relevant forms of physical activity, and addressing specific population linked barriers to activity. Methodological approaches included specialized recruitment and study locations, culturally relevant measures, underrepresented personnel, and cost-awareness study procedures to prevent fiscal barriers to participation. Most reported activities were surface matching. Existing research neither compared the effectiveness of cultural relevance approaches to standardized interventions nor addressed economic, education, geographic, or cultural heterogeneity among groups.
|
10.2190/IQ.34.4.g
|
pubmed_847_19888
|
BACKGROUND
Bladder cancer is a common disease worldwide with most patients presenting with the non-muscle-invasive form (NMIBC) at initial diagnosis. Postoperational intravesical instillation of BCG is carried out for patients with high-risk disease to reduce tumor recurrence and progression to muscle invasive disease. However, BCG can also have side effects or be ineffective in some patients because it cannot enter the cancer cells. Thus, to improve the efficacy of BCG immunotherapy is the long-term pursuit of the bladder cancer field.
METHODS
To increase the adhesion of BCG to the urothelium we overexpressed FimH, a mannose binding protein naturally used by uropathogenic Escherichia coli to adhere to human urothelium, onto the surface of BCG. The adhesion/internalization ability of rBCG-S.FimH was examined in mouse bladder by fluorescence microscopy. Preclinical evaluation of antitumor efficacy was carried out in orthotopic mouse models of bladder cancer and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mechanistic studies were carried out using toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) knockout mice. Immune cells and cytokines in the serum, tumor and lymph nodes were analyzed by flow cytometry, PCR, ELISA and ELISPOT.
RESULTS
rBCG-S.FimH exhibited markedly improved adhesion and more rapid internalization into urothelial cells than wild-type BCG, resulting in more potent antitumor activity in orthotopic murine models of bladder cancer. To our surprise, rBCG-S.FimH elicited a much more prominent Th1-biased immune response known to be positively correlated with BCG efficacy. Mechanistic studies using TLR4 knockout mouse showed that rBCG-S.FimH could induce enhanced dendritic cell activation and tumor antigen-specific immune response in a TLR4-dependent manner. Furthermore, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by rBCG-S.FimH also showed better tumoricidal effects than those using wild-type BCG.
CONCLUSION
rBCG-S.FimH is a novel BCG strain with significantly improved efficacy against bladder cancer. Since intravesical BCG immunotherapy is the first-line treatment for NMIBC, which accounts for more than 70% of all bladder cancer cases, our results provide a compelling rationale for clinical development.
|
10.1136/jitc-2021-003939
|
pubmed_412_14684
|
Echinococcosis is a rare disease in central Europe. But with the increasing numbers of foreign citizens, this disease becomes more important in cases of cystic processes of unknown origin. It is still very difficult to achieve a diagnosis and a subsequent therapy, particularly in cases of multiple cysts, means a long lasting process containing certain risks. We report on a 20 years old female patient, suspected to have a severe inflammatory pelvic disease. We found multiple abdominal cysts, not originating from or involving ovaries, tubes, bowel, liver or kidneys. The serologic investigations proved our clinical suspicion on an echinococcosis. But neither serology nor clinical investigations could provide any indication on which kind of echinococcosis we found. We started a therapy with high doses of mebendazole to achieve a shrinkage of the multiple cysts to enable a surgery.
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pubmed_412_14684
|
pubmed_299_10752
|
This study evaluates the potential for adaptability and tolerance of wheat genotypes (G) to an arid environment. We examined the influence of drought stress (DS) (100, 75, and 50% field capacity), planting times (PT) (16-November, 01-December, 16-December and 01-January), and G (Yocoro Rojo, FKAU-10, Faisalabad-08, and Galaxy L-7096) on phenological development, growth indices, grain yield, and water use efficiency of drip-irrigated wheat. Development measured at five phenological growth stages (GS) (tillering, jointing, booting, heading, and maturity) and growth indices 30, 45, 60, and 75 days after sowing (DAS) were also correlated with final grain yield. Tillering occurred earlier in DS plots, to a maximum of 31 days. Days to complete 50% heading and physiological crop maturity were the most susceptible GS that denoted 31-72% reduction in number of days to complete these GS at severe DS. Wheat G grown with severe DS had the shortest grain filling duration. Genotype Fsd-08 presented greater adaptability to studied arid climate and recorded 31, 35, and 38% longer grain filling period as compared with rest of the G at 100-50% field capacity respectively. December sowing mitigated the drought and delayed planting effects by producing superior growth and yield (2162 kg ha(-1)) at severe DS. Genotypes Fsd-08 and L-7096 attained the minimum plant height (36 cm) and the shortest growth cycle (76 days) for January planting with 50% field capacity. At severe DS leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, crop growth rate and net assimilation rate were decreased by 67, 57, 34, and 38% as compared to non-stressed plots. Genotypes Fsd-08 and F-10 were the superior ones and secured 14-17% higher grain yield than genotype YR for severely stressed plots. The correlation between crop growth indices and grain yield depicted the highest value (0.58-0.71) at 60-75 DAS. So the major contribution of these growth indices toward grain yield was at the start of reproductive phase. It's clear that booting and grain filling are the most sensitive GS that are severely affected by both drought and delay in planting.
|
10.3389/fpls.2016.00795
|
pubmed_410_19016
|
Light is a critical environmental factor that influences plant growth and development, ranging from seed germination to flowering and fruiting. This study was carried out to explore how the optimal combination of various lighting directions increases the light usage efficiency and influences the plant morphophysiology, by investigating the plant growth parameters, leaf anatomy, epidermal morphology, stomatal properties, chlorophyll content, key physiological changes, and correlated gene expressions. In closed-type plant growth chambers, rooted cuttings of two chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) cultivars, "Pearl Egg" and "Gaya Glory", were subjected to a 10-h photoperiod with 600 μmol∙m-2·s-1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) provided by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in each light-direction combination (top (1/1) (T), top (1/2) + side (1/2) (TS), top (1/2) + bottom (1/2) (TB), side (1/2) + bottom (1/2) (SB), and top (1/3) + side (1/3) + bottom (1/3) (TSB)). The TS lighting significantly enhanced the morphophysiological performance, compared to the other lighting direction combinations. Notably, the excellent branch formation and earlier flowering were induced by the TS lighting in both "Pearl Egg" and "Gaya Glory" plants.
|
10.3390/ijms23052448
|
pubmed_590_22660
|
BACKGROUND
Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DIHS/DRESS) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) represent contrasting poles of severe drug eruptions, and sequential reactivations of several herpesviruses have exclusively been demonstrated in the former. No previous studies, however, were extended beyond the acute stage. We sought to investigate whether herpesvirus reactivations could also be observed in SJS/TEN and beyond the acute stage of both diseases.
METHODS
Patients with SJS (n = 16), SJS/TEN overlap (n = 2), TEN (n = 10), and DIHS/DRESS (n = 34) were enrolled. We performed a retrospective analysis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA loads sequentially determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction during a 2-year period after onset.
RESULTS
Persistently increased EBV loads were detected in SJS during the acute stage and long after resolution, but not in others. In contrast, high HHV-6 loads were exclusively detected in DIHS/DRESS during the acute stage. The dynamics of herpesvirus reactivation varied in DIHS/DRESS according to the use of systemic corticosteroids: While EBV loads were higher in patients not receiving systemic corticosteroids, CMV and HHV-6 loads were higher in those receiving them.
CONCLUSIONS
Distinct patterns of herpesvirus reactivation according to the pathological phenotype and to the use of systemic corticosteroids were observed during the acute stage and follow-up period, which may contribute, at least in part, to the difference in the clinical manifestations and long-term outcomes. Systemic corticosteroids during the acute stage may improve the outcomes in DIHS/DRESS.
|
10.1111/all.12410
|
pubmed_408_15065
|
The conduction of trains of action potentials in myelinated fibers was studied using computer simulations based on a modification of the Hodgkin-Huxley equations. Stimulation at short but regular interstimulus intervals caused some stimuli to fail to elicit propagated action potentials. Propagated impulse trains observed close to the stimulation site, elicited by high frequency stimulus trains, took the form of "clusters" of impulses, e.g. doublets or triplets. When these impulse trains were observed at distances farther from the stimulation site, interspike intervals were more uniform. For interstimulus intervals of less than 10 ms, distant intervals between impulses were relatively insensitive to the temporal patterning of impulses at the initiation zone and tended toward regular intervals corresponding to the average interstimulus intervals for propagated stimuli. This tendency toward uniform intervals between impulses was also observed for lower average frequency stimulus trains with irregular interstimulus intervals. Moreover, for the first two stimuli in a train, there was a very tendency toward impulse entrainment. These results indicate that intervals between impulses along unbranched myelinated axons are not fixed, but vary according to the site along the conduction pathway where they are observed. The tendency toward entrainment, and regularization of intervals, may represent a factor limiting the frequency with which interval-coded impulses are initiated.
|
10.1016/0306-4522(82)90276-7
|
pubmed_125_10224
|
Many novel anti-cancer therapies have dramatically improved outcomes of various cancer patients. However, it also poses a risk for cardiovascular complications as well. For the novel anti-cancer agent with which physicians does not have enough clinical experiences to determine the characteristics of cardiovascular complications, it is important to assess risk factors for cardiotoxicity before starting anti-cancer therapy. High-risk patient should be consulted to cardiologist before initiating anti-cancer therapy and pre-emptive cardiac function monitoring plan might be prepared in advance. The biomarkers, electrocardiography and echocardiography are useful tools for the detection of subclinical cardiotoxicity during anti-cancer therapy. This review article tried to suggest the cardiac function monitoring strategies for newly encountered potential cardiotoxic anti-cancer agents and to summarize the cardiovascular complications of novel anti-cancer immunotherapies including immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. ICIs can cause fatal myocarditis, which usually occurs early after initiation, and prompt treatment with high-dose corticosteroid is necessary. CAR T-cell therapy can cause cytokine release syndrome, which may result in circulatory collapse. Supportive treatment as well as tocilizumab, an anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody are cornerstones of treatment.
|
10.4070/kcj.2020.0158
|
pubmed_139_10187
|
Purified natural murine interleukin-3 (IL-3) was assessed for its effects in vivo in mice pretreated 7 days earlier with a sublethal dosage of cyclophosphamide. The multipotential (CFU-GEMM), erythroid (BFU-E) and granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitor cells in these mice were in a slowly- or non-cycling state. Three hours after the i.v. administration of 200 units IL-3 into these mice, the hematopoietic progenitor cells in the marrow and spleen were placed into rapid cell-cycle. At this time, no effects were noted on marrow or spleen nucleated cellularity, numbers of progenitor cells per organ, or peripheral blood counts. No endotoxin was detected in the IL-3 preparation, by Limulus lysate assay. Treatment of IL-3 in vitro at 100 degrees C for 20 min partially decreased its colony stimulating activity in vitro and completely inactivated its proliferation stimulating effects in vivo. These findings suggest that the effects of IL-3 in vivo were not due to contaminating endotoxin or to a non-specific protein effect. These studies do not allow us to conclude whether the effects of IL-3 in vivo are directly on the progenitors and/or are indirect effects mediated by accessory cells.
|
10.1016/0145-2126(87)90027-0
|
pubmed_768_15141
|
This ex vivo human percutaneous absorption study evaluated a set of six model drugs (ketamine hydrochloride, bupivacaine hydrochloride, diclofenac sodium, gabapentin, orphenadrine citrate, pentoxifylline) from two popular formulations for topically applied compounding preparations. The compounded preparations used in this study were Versatile cream and a reference cream. Each formulation was applied to human trunk skin mounted on Franz Diffusion Cells, 50 mg/chamber (or 28.2 mg/cm2). Serial dermal receiver solutions were collected for 48 hours. Analysis of the resultant data supports the concept that the Versatile base formulation provides improved characteristics relative to the reference base. This is of key importance where the patient does not show clinical improvement when a conventional topical delivery vehicle is used in the formulation. From the results, it is reasonable to anticipate that, relative to the reference formulation, the Versatile formulation provides enhanced transdermal delivery of some analgesic medications.
|
pubmed_768_15141
|
pubmed_510_1312
|
We have previously shown that the binding of the lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to developing tail buds results in a range of caudal axial defects, which were most likely due to the affinity of the lectin for sialic acid residues. In the present study, we examined the distribution and role of a sialic acid-containing glycoprotein, N-CAM, in chick tail bud development. In the early tail bud, anti N-CAM, staining was found in the medullary cord. However, there was no uptake of an antibody specific to N-CAM containing moderate to long chains of polysialic acid (5A5 monoclonal antibody). At later stages, while N-CAM localized throughout the neural tube, staining with the 5A5 antibody was restricted to the floor plate. Sub-blastodermal injection of the anti N-CAM antibody beneath the tail bud region of HH stages 13-14 embryos produced caudal axial malformations. These malformations included the presence of accessory segments of neural tube and/or notochord, and fusion between the neural tube and underlying segment of notochord. Our results suggest that N-CAM is present during the development of the secondary neuraxis from the tail bud, although the highly sialylated form of this molecule could not be visualized until relatively late stages. N-CAM probably plays a role in the normal course of tail bud development, since perturbation of the molecule with an antibody resulted in malformations. Since these malformations were similar to those we have previously reported when we treated similarly staged chick embryos with WGA, there is a possibility that the sialic acid residues recognized and bound by the lectin are those associated with the N-CAM molecule.
|
10.1007/BF00174400
|
pubmed_872_12994
|
Since 1984, we have had 151 breast cancer patients with cytologically-confirmed malignant pleural effusions by local transfer of autologous effusion lymphocytes cultured with a conditioned medium containing T-cell growth factor after intrapleural preadministration of a streptococcal preparation, OK-432. Among the 81 patients given this therapy more than 5 years ago, 12 patients have survived 5 or more years, and 4 of these 12 have survived 10 (<) years. Patients surviving 5 (<) years had longer (32-204 months) disease-free periods, except for one patient with stage IV disease. Estrogen receptor was positive in 5 patients, negative in 1 patient, and unknown in 6 patients. Moreover, preceding or concomitant metastases in these patients were not life-threatening (6 chest-wall, 2 lymph-node, 4 lung, 3 bone metastases). In conclusion, effective therapy (effusion disappeared in all patients) and good control of concomitant metastases resulted in long-term survival of patients who had intrinsically better prognostic factors.
|
pubmed_872_12994
|
pubmed_727_9621
|
The advantages, scope and limitations of a step-wise technique for concentrating permanent gases, particularly carbon monoxide, up to 2000 times before gas chromatographic, spectrophotometric or mass spectrometric determination are described. Determination of less than 0.01 ppm of carbon monoxide has been carried out with an error of +/-10% by using this pre-concentration technique, followed by gas chromatography, with catalytic conversion of the carbon monoxide into methane before flame ionisation detection. The system used without pre-concentration could not detect less than 1 ppm of carbon monoxide.
|
10.1016/s0021-9673(00)81062-6
|
pubmed_585_2867
|
Cellular proteomic analysis was carried out to identify reproduction-related proteins in testes of wild and domesticated broodstock of Penaeus monodon. In total, 642 protein spots were characterized and 287 spots (44.70%) significantly matched protein sequences in the databases (P<0.05). To examine a role of the proteasome system in testicular development of P. monodon, the expression profiles of proteasome alpha 3 subunit (PmPsma3) and proteasome beta 6 (PmPsmb6) mRNA in different groups of domesticated shrimp and in wild broodstock were examined. The expression levels of these transcripts in testes of 18-month-old domesticated shrimp were significantly lower than those of wild broodstock (P<0.05). Interestingly, the expression levels of testicular PmPsma3 and PmPsmb6 in 18-month-old shrimp were significantly increased at 24 h following serotonin injection (50 μg/g body weight). Results suggested that reduced degrees of maturation in captive P. monodon males may be partially resolved by exogenous 5-HT administration.
|
10.1016/j.mce.2012.02.005
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pubmed_776_5695
|
A new alpha S1-casein variant (alpha S1-CN F) with a frequency of 0.009 was demonstrated in a genetic resource of German Black and White Cattle by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels and by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under alkaline conditions. alpha S1-CN F was not present either in German Holstein Friesians, which originate from crossing Holstein Friesians with German Black and White Cattle, or in milk samples from eight other breeds in Germany.
|
10.1111/j.1365-2052.1993.tb00922.x
|
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