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pubmed_15_3069
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Mothers of medically at-risk infants were randomly assigned to a Healthy Start intervention (HV) or a cognitive reframing intervention (HV+). Outcome measures were taken at the conclusion of the intervention (1 year) and at the 3-year follow-up visit. At age 3, children in the HV+ condition (in comparison with those in the HV condition) showed fewer aggression problems (as measured by the Child Behavior Checklist). Maternal emotional unavailability (as measured by combined scores on the Beck Depression Inventory and avoidance items on the Conflict Tactics Scale) at the 1-year visit mediated the effects of the intervention on children's aggression at age 3. Findings suggest that an early, cognitively based intervention may lead to reduced child aggression as a result of increased maternal social-emotional availability within the caregiving relationship.
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10.1037/a0027303
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pubmed_295_1594
|
Electrochemical CO2 reduction has received an increased amount of interest in the last decade as a promising avenue for storing renewable electricity in chemical bonds. Despite considerable progress on catalyst performance using nanostructured electrodes, the sensitivity of the reaction to process conditions has led to debate on the origin of the activity and high selectivity. Additionally, this raises questions on the transferability of the performance and knowledge to other electrochemical systems. At its core, the discrepancy is primarily a result of the highly porous nature of nanostructured electrodes, which are vulnerable to both mass transport effects and structural changes during the electrolysis. Both effects are not straightforward to identify and difficult to decouple. Despite the susceptibility of nanostructured electrodes to mass transfer limitations, we highlight that nanostructured silver electrodes exhibit considerably higher activity when normalized to the electrochemically active surface in contrast to gold and copper electrodes. Alongside, we provide a discussion on how active surface area and thickness of the catalytic layer itself can influence the onset potential, selectivity, stability, activity and mass transfer inside and outside of the three dimensional catalyst layer. Key parameters and potential solutions are highlighted to decouple mass transfer effects from the measured activity in electrochemical cells utilizing CO2 saturated aqueous solutions.
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10.1039/c9sc05375a
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pubmed_493_138
|
Cultures of subcutaneous areolar fibroblasts from adult rats, when confronted in vitro with microsomes from rat liver or kidney, are changed heteromorphically so as to resemble cultures of nervous tissue. Similar effects follow exposure to the deoxycholate-insoluble fraction of microsomes, and to purified RNA from rat liver or from yeast. An equivalent ribonucleoside mixture has no heteromorphic effect. The degree of heteromorphosis can be related quantitatively to the amount of RNA administered, up to a maximum of 150 gamma per slide, above which toxicity intervenes. Ribonuclease destroys in considerable degree the effectiveness of the active agents. Heteromorphosis cannot be induced in this adult tissue by a short exposure (1 to 3 hours) followed by removal to normal medium. A 24 hour exposure to microsome suspensions, however, is followed by partial change lasting for at least several days. Results are most clear cut when cultures of the explant type are maintained continuously in contact with the RNA-containing agents; nevertheless, cell suspensions exposed for 2 to 3 days to heteromorphic agents in suitable concentration appear to be permanently changed. Interspecies experiments between rat and mouse indicate that rat fibroblasts are more labile than mouse, and/or rat microsomes are more potent as agents of heteromorphosis. Mouse liver microsomes have no morphogenetic effect on homologous fibroblasts, but exert a slight action on rat fibroblasts. Rat microsomes have a growth-stimulating effect, but no heteromorphic action, on mouse fibroblasts. Purified protein from snake venom, which is highly active as a growth factor for avian nervous tissue, is growth-stimulating to rat fibroblasts but has no heteromorphic action on this material.
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10.1083/jcb.5.1.25
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pubmed_703_15875
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Although painfulness of the conditioning stimulus (CS) is required for the activation of conditioned pain modulation (CPM), it is still unclear whether CPM expression depends on the objective physical intensity of the CS or the subjective perception of its pain. Accordingly, we cognitively manipulated the perceived CS pain, rendering the physical aspects of the CPM paradigm untouched. Baseline CPM was measured among 48 young healthy male subjects using the parallel paradigm with contact heat as test pain and hand immersion in hot water as CS. Subjects were then randomized into 4 groups, all of which were cognitively manipulated as to the CS-induced pain: group 1, placebo (CS less painful); group 2, nocebo (CS more painful); and groups 3 and 4, the informed control groups for groups 1 and 2, respectively. CPM was reassessed after the manipulation. Comparing the groups by MANCOVA (multivariate analysis of covariance) revealed that placebo exerted decreased CS pain and consequent attenuation of CPM magnitudes, while nocebo elicited increased CS pain, but without CPM elevation (P<.0001). Within the placebo group, the reduction in CS pain was associated with diminished CPM responses (r=0.767; P=.001); however, no such relationship characterized the nocebo group. Pain inhibition under CPM seems to depend on the perceived level of the CS pain rather than solely its physical intensity. Cognitively decreasing the perceived CS pain attenuates CPM magnitude, although a ceiling effect may limit CPM enhancement after cognitively increased CS pain. These findings emphasize the relevance of cognitive mechanisms in determining endogenous analgesia processes in humans.
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10.1016/j.pain.2011.10.010
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pubmed_926_817
|
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in the US with a 5-year survival rate of about 5%. Most patients have advanced metastatic disease mainly due to the lack of an effective early detection, and an extremely poor prognosis. Advancing in the fight against PC requires developing novel observable biomarkers at preclinical stages for early detection. Areas covered: This manuscript is an overview of different PC diagnostic modalities and the latest innovations made to enhance early PC detection through the patents published from 2011 to 2017. It also comments on the ongoing clinical trials and highlights the main challenges to be addressed in the future. Expert opinion: At present, real efforts are being made to identify new specific biomarkers with a potential clinical applicability, and to develop new devices that integrate several biomarkers in order to be more sensitive and specific for the early detection of PC. Although many biomarkers have been patented recently, they will not reach the clinic until they have been validated by clinical trials. We believe that the high-throughput screening of '-omic' technologies to detect tumor-specific molecular alterations can lead to an enhanced understanding of the disease mechanisms and the discovery of new clinical diagnostic biomarkers.
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10.1080/13543776.2017.1379991
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pubmed_660_16309
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Thioredoxin reductases, important biological redox mediators for two-electron transfers, contain either 2 cysteines or a cysteine (Cys) and a selenocysteine (Sec) at the active site. The incorporation of Sec is metabolically costly, and therefore surprising. We provide here a rationale: in the case of an accidental one-electron transfer to a S-S or a S-Se bond during catalysis, a thiyl or a selanyl radical, respectively would be formed. The thiyl radical can abstract a hydrogen from the protein backbone, which subsequently leads to the inactivation of the protein. In contrast, a selanyl radical will not abstract a hydrogen. Therefore, formation of Sec radicals in a GlyCysSecGly active site will less likely result in the destruction of a protein compared to a GlyCysCysGly active site.
|
10.1021/bi5003376
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pubmed_1053_7702
|
Lung scan data from a series of 45 patients receiving thrombolytic therapy were reviewed to determine if any pattern on the pretherapy perfusion lung scans could be identified that predicted response to therapy. A segmental appearance on the pretherapy scans (complete or nearly complete absence of perfusion in a whole segment or a very large subsegment) was correlated with the amount of improvement in perfusion on lung scans obtained 24 hours after the start of thrombolytic therapy. As a group, patients with a segmental appearance on the pretherapy lung scans had more improvement in the perfusion reduction score than patients with a nonsegmental appearance (P less than .005). However, the correlation between segmental appearance and a favorable response to thrombolytic therapy was not strong enough to allow use of this appearance in the selection of patients for therapy.
|
10.1148/radiology.174.2.2104990
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pubmed_122_10297
|
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to identify concerns among older adult patients with acute hip fracture.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was performed with 152 consecutive patients with hip fracture. Details were obtained on perioperative concerns about hip fracture using a questionnaire that was specifically designed for this study and was administered face to face upon admission. The study inclusion criteria were age older than 65 years and having experienced femur neck, intertrochanteric, or subtrochanteric fracture. The exclusion criteria were not understanding the study purpose, having difficulty communicating, or refusing to participate.
RESULTS
Older adult patients with acute hip fracture expressed concerns regarding excessive pain, medical staff, postoperative recovery, rehabilitation, and hospital expenses. In addition, fear of falling from the bed and anxiety regarding re-fracture were the patients' most significant concerns.
CONCLUSION
Older adult patients reported fear of falling from bed and re-fracture as primary concerns. To overcome these concerns, fracture liaison services to prevent re-fracture should be introduced and enforced.
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10.3349/ymj.2018.59.10.1240
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pubmed_611_11068
|
In previous studies, we identified a common site of retroviral integration designated Fli-2 in Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV)-induced erythroleukemia cell lines. Insertion of F-MuLV at the Fli-2 locus, which was associated with the loss of the second allele, resulted in the inactivation of the erythroid cell- and megakaryocyte-specific gene p45(NFE2). Frequent disruption of p45(NFE2) due to proviral insertion suggests a role for this transcription factor in the progression of Friend virus-induced erythroleukemias. To assess this possibility, erythroleukemia was induced by F-MuLV in p45(NFE2) mutant mice. Since p45(NFE2) homozygous mice mostly die at birth, erythroleukemia was induced in +/- and +/+ mice. We demonstrate that +/- mice succumb to the disease moderately but significantly faster than +/+ mice. In addition, the spleens of +/- mice were significantly larger than those of +/+ mice. Of the 37 tumors generated from the +/- and +/+ mice, 10 gave rise to cell lines, all of which were derived from +/- mice. Establishment in culture was associated with the loss of the remaining wild-type p45(NFE2) allele in 9 of 10 of these cell lines. The loss of a functional p45(NFE2) in these cell lines was associated with a marked reduction in globin gene expression. Expression of wild-type p45(NFE2) in the nonproducer erythroleukemic cells resulted in reduced cell growth and restored the expression of globin genes. Similarly, the expression of p45(NFE2) in these cells also slows tumor growth in vivo. These results indicate that p45(NFE2) functions as an inhibitor of erythroid cell growth and that perturbation of its expression contributes to the progression of Friend erythroleukemia.
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10.1128/MCB.21.1.73-80.2001
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pubmed_840_19684
|
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the location of the artery correlated with rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap in order to promote the reconstruction of the breast after radical mastectomy for breast cancer.
METHODS
An anatomic study was carried out on 15 cadavers of 30 sides, which were immersed in paraformaldehyde less than six months. Whole thorax-epigastric wall was cutterd, which scale was from subclavian as upper limit to inguinal ligament, the lower limit across left and right of middle axillary. Veins or arteries of inferior epigastric and internal thorax in hang were injected with red or blue ink to show all of vessel branches.
RESULTS
The external diameters of both the superior epigastric arteries and inferior vessels were 1.87 +/- 0.28 mm and 2.25 +/- 0.32 mm respectively. The myocutaneous arteries from inferior abdomen vessels had an intensive horizontal distribution on hilum. The perforators significantly decreased but could be found to pass through anterior rectus sheath in Rand. The distances between lateral perforators and I , II and III parts in external edge of anterior rectus sheath were 1.22, 1.46 and 1.57 cm, respectively; and the distances between medial perforators and I, II, and III parts at median line were 1.54, 1.62, 1.66 cm. Perforators were more thick and intensive near hilum than in other part. The subcostal arteries derived from inferior abdomen artery and 1.25 +/- 0.37 cm away from costal arch. After dividing into subcostal artery, the outer diameter of 67 percent of subcostal artery was bigger than that of inferior abdomen arteries. The branches of subcostal arteries were distributed at the 2/3 lateral rectus abdominis, forming an extensive choke anastomosis system with intercostal anterior artery and vessels supplied diaphragmatic muscle. The rectus abdominis at the level of xyphoid was supplied by a branch came from inferior thorax artery, which diverged epigastric vessels at the same time.
CONCLUSION
During the process of making the inferior transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap base on superior epigastric vessels and superior rectus abdominis, reservation of pro-theca edge 1 cm of rectus abdominis can protect inferior abdomen artery from injury. Reservation of more than 2 cm pro-theca and rectus abdominis below costal arch at the flag will protect effectively subcostal artery from injury. No damage of subcostal arteries can influence the survival of musculocutaneous flap.
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pubmed_840_19684
|
pubmed_44_17305
|
OBJECTIVE
Autoantibodies to lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) depict a distinctive nuclear dense fine speckled (DFS) pattern in the indirect immunofluorescence antinuclear antibody assay (IIF-ANA). Definition of the clinical spectrum associated with anti-LEDGF antibodies has been evolving over the last decade. We investigated the frequency, clinical spectrum, and immunologic specificity of the DFS pattern in a general clinical laboratory routine. METHODS. All serum samples entered for IIF-ANA determination within a 2 year period were examined for the DFS pattern. Positive samples with consistent clinical information were studied further by IIF with isotype-specific conjugate and immunoblot analysis.
RESULTS
Among 13,641 ANA-positive samples, 5081 (37%) presented the DFS pattern. Within a 6 month nested period, there were 650 samples with DFS pattern, and consistent clinical data were available for 81 of these. DFS reactivity was mainly due to IgG. Most samples (86%) presented titer > or = 1/640. Eighty of the 81 DFS samples reacted with a 75 kDa band that comigrated with the band elicited by the standard anti-LEDGF serum. Antibodies that were affinity-purified from the 75 kDa band reproduced the DFS pattern on IIF-ANA. The clinical spectrum associated with DFS reactivity included autoimmune diseases (39%) and an array of nonautoimmune conditions (61%). Among the autoimmune patients, over half presented evidence of autoimmune thyroiditis.
CONCLUSION
Anti-LEDGF/p75 antibodies are a common finding among ANA-positive individuals with no evidence of rheumatic autoimmune disease, and should be regarded as a low specificity finding even when in moderate or high titer.
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pubmed_44_17305
|
pubmed_641_14328
|
Today, our challenge is to give people the tools they need to sort out all of the conflicting nutrition messages while continuing to trust the quality of the food they purchase. Community-based nutrition education is one answer to this challenge. We need to make such education user-friendly, as well as raise our expectations so that more people can participate in education. Community-based education implies that people themselves are involved in the design, implementation and, most importantly, the evaluation of the educational process. This will require considerably more time, but effectiveness cannot be sacrificed for efficiency. The focus of such nutrition education should be on outcomes, letting the inputs be flexible. This is difficult because the nutrition professional loses control over the process, transferring ownership of it to the participant. The primary need in today's world is to let people more fully own their success and lack of success by encouraging them to be full partners in the process.
|
10.1093/jn/124.suppl_9.1820S
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pubmed_800_2527
|
Cereal leaves subjected to the osmotica routinely used for protoplast isolation show a rapid increase in arginine decarboxylase activity, a massive accumulation of putrescine, and slow conversion of putrescine to the higher polyamines, spermidine and spermine (HE Flores, AW Galston 1984 Plant Physiol 75: 102). Mesophyll protoplasts from these leaves, which have a high putrescine:polyamine ratio, do not undergo sustained division. By contrast, in Nicotiana, Capsicum, Datura, Trigonella, and Vigna, dicot genera that readily regenerate plants from mesophyll protoplasts, the response of leaves to osmotic stress is opposite to that in cereals. Putrescine titer as well as arginine and ornithine decarboxylase activities decline in these osmotically stressed dicot leaves, while spermidine and spermine titers increase. Thus, the putrescine:polyamine ratio in Vigna protoplasts, which divide readily, is 4-fold lower than in oat protoplasts, which divide poorly. We suggest that this differing response of polyamine metabolism to osmotic stress may account in part for the failure of cereal mesophyll protoplasts to develop readily in vitro.
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10.1104/pp.82.2.369
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pubmed_990_21942
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Neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene expression is known to be modulated in the mossy fiber projection of hippocampal granule cells following seizure. We investigated NPY biosynthesis and metabolism in an attempt to characterize NPY biochemically as a neurotransmitter in the granule cell mossy fiber projection. NPY biosynthesis was compared in normal control animals and in animals that had experienced a single pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure. In situ hybridization analysis established the postseizure time course of preproNPY mRNA expression in the hippocampal formation, localizing the majority of increased preproNPY mRNA content to the hilus of the dentate gyrus. Radioimmunoassay analysis of the CA3/mossy fiber terminal subfield confirmed a subsequent increase in NPY peptide content. Biosynthesis of NPY peptide by granule cells and transport to the CA3/mossy fiber subfield was demonstrated by in vivo radiolabel infusion to the dentate gyrus/hilus followed by sequential HPLC purification of identified radiolabeled peptide from the CA3/mossy fiber terminal subfield. Additional in vivo radiolabeling studies revealed a postseizure increase in an unidentified NPY-like immunoreactive (NPY-LI) species. HPLC/radioimmunoassay analyses of CA3 subfield tissue extracts comparing normal control animals and pentylenetetrazole-treated animals confirmed the increased total NPY-LI, and demonstrated that the increased NPY-LI was comprised of a minor increase in native NPY and a major increase in the unknown NPY-LI. Data from subsequent and separate analyses incorporating immunoprecipitation with anti-C-terminal flanking peptide of NPY, further HPLC purification, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry support the conclusion that the unknown NPY-LI is methionine sulfoxide NPY. NPY and NPY-sulfoxide displayed differential calcium sensitivity for release from mossy fiber synaptosomes. Similar to NPY, NPY sulfoxide displayed high-affinity binding to each of the cloned Y1, Y2, Y4, and Y5 receptor subtypes. Postrelease inactivation of NPY was demonstrated in a mossy fiber synaptosomal preparation. Thus, the present study in combination with previously reported electrophysiological activity of NPY in the CA3 subfield demonstrates that NPY fulfills the classical criteria for a neurotransmitter in the hippocampal granule cell mossy fiber projection, and reveals the presence of two molecular forms of NPY that display differential mechanisms of release while maintaining similar receptor potencies.
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10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70051950.x
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pubmed_1133_9225
|
BACKGROUND
In interactions between professional caregivers, patients and family members at the end of life, silence often becomes more prevalent. Silence is acknowledged as integral to interpersonal communication and compassionate care but is also noted as a complex and ambiguous phenomenon. This review seeks interdisciplinary experience to deepen understanding of qualities of silence as an element of care.
AIM
To search for published papers which describe professional caregivers' experience of silence as an element of care, in palliative and other clinical, spiritual and pastoral care settings and to synthesise their findings.
DESIGN
Meta-ethnography: employing a systematic search strategy and line-of-argument synthesis.
DATA SOURCES
PsycINFO and seven other cross-disciplinary databases, supplemented by hand-search, review of reference lists and citation tracking. No date range was imposed. Inclusion criteria focused on reported experience of silence in professional caregiving. Selected papers ( n = 18) were appraised; none were rejected on grounds of quality.
RESULTS
International, interdisciplinary research and opinion endorses the value of silence in clinical care. As a multi-functional element of interpersonal relationships, silence operates in partnership with speech to support therapeutic communication. As a caregiving practice, silence is perceived as particularly relevant in spiritual and existential dimensions of care when words may fail.
CONCLUSION
Experience of silence as an element of care was found in palliative and spiritual care, psychotherapy and counselling supporting existing recognition of the value of silence as a skill and practice. Because silence can present challenges for caregivers, greater understanding may offer benefits for clinical practice.
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10.1177/0269216317722444
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pubmed_216_4527
|
In this paper we review the diseases, such as cancer, arteriosclerosis, arthritis, neurodegenerative disorders, whose emerging pathogenetic evidence by Free Radicals has been shown either from experimental or from clinical point of view. In the last 10 years the growing evidence of a co-causative responsibility of oxidative stress in some chronic and acute illnesses highlighted the need to improve the diagnostic potential as well as the algorythm of an effective treatment plan. An exhaustive basic description of the Free Radicals action mechanism in different parenchymas to produce damage and clinical symptoms is the very preliminary background to any further investigation as to the specific diseases-oriented diagnostic tests as well as to a rationale therapy.
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pubmed_216_4527
|
pubmed_716_12754
|
BACKGROUND
Suboptimal exposure to antituberculosis drugs has been associated with unfavourable treatment outcomes. We aimed to investigate estimates and determinants of first-line antituberculosis drug pharmacokinetics in children and adolescents at a global level.
METHODS
We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science (1990-2021) for pharmacokinetic studies of first-line antituberculosis drugs in children and adolescents. Individual patient data were obtained from authors of eligible studies. Summary estimates of total/extrapolated area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-24) and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) were assessed with random-effects models, normalised with current WHO-recommended paediatric doses. Determinants of AUC0-24 and Cmax were assessed with linear mixed-effects models.
RESULTS
Of 55 eligible studies, individual patient data were available for 39 (71%), including 1628 participants from 12 countries. Geometric means (95% CIs) of steady-state AUC0-24 were summarised for isoniazid (18.7 [15.5-22.6] h·mg·L-1), rifampicin (34.4 [29.4-40.3] h·mg·L-1), pyrazinamide (375.0 [339.9-413.7] h·mg·L-1), and ethambutol (8.0 [6.4-10.0] h·mg·L-1). Our multivariate models indicated that younger age (especially <2 years) and HIV-positive status were associated with lower AUC0-24 for all antituberculosis drugs, while severe malnutrition was associated with lower AUC0-24 for isoniazid and pyrazinamide. N-acetyltransferase 2 rapid acetylators had lower isoniazid AUC0-24 and slow acetylators had higher isoniazid AUC0-24 than intermediate acetylators. Determinants of Cmax were generally similar to those for AUC0-24.
CONCLUSION
This study provides the most comprehensive estimates of plasma exposures to first-line antituberculosis drugs in children and adolescents. Key determinants of drug exposures were identified. These may be relevant for population-specific dose adjustment or individualised therapeutic drug monitoring.
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10.1183/13993003.01596-2022
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pubmed_142_4960
|
BACKGROUND
People with cancer face complex medical decisions, including whether to receive life-sustaining treatments at the end of life. It is not unusual for clinicians to make assumptions about patients' wishes based on whether they had previously chosen to pursue curative treatment.
OBJECTIVE
We hypothesized that cancer patients who initially underwent curative intent surgery (CIS) would prefer more aggressive end-of-life treatments compared to patients whose treatment was noncurative intent (non-CIT).
METHODS
This study was a retrospective review of data from a large, randomized controlled trial examining the use of an online decision aid for advance care planning, "Making Your Wishes Known" (MYWK), with patients who had advanced cancer. We reviewed patients' medical records to determine which patients underwent CIS versus non-CIT. In the parent trial, conducted at an academic medical center (2007-2012), 200 patients were enrolled with stage IV malignancy or other poor prognosis cancer. Patients' preferences for aggressive treatment were measured in two ways: using patient-selected General Wishes statements generated by the decision aid and patient-selected wishes for specific treatments under various hypothetical clinical scenarios (Specific Wishes).
RESULTS
We evaluated 79 patients. Of these, 48 had undergone initial CIS and 31 had non-CIT. Cancer patients who initially underwent CIS did not prefer more aggressive end-of-life treatments compared to patients whose treatment was non-CIT.
CONCLUSIONS
Clinicians should avoid assumptions about patients' preferences for life-sustaining treatment based on their prior choices for aggressive treatment.
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10.1089/jpm.2015.0021
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pubmed_690_10445
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Mice undergoing an inflammatory reaction, induced by subcutaneous implantation of copper rods, elaborate two kinds of humoral stimulatory factors: the diffusible granulopoietic stimulator (DGS) that enhances diffusion chamber (DC) granulopoiesis, and the serum colony stimulating factor (CSF) that stimulates in vitro granulocyte-monocyte colony growth. We demonstrate here that mice suffering from acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) are unable to augment the production of these humoral stimulatory factors when acute inflammation is induced. Moreover, our results show that increased levels of normal humoral stimulatory factors (DGS and CSF) do not influence the proliferation and/or the differentiation of leukaemic cells implanted in DC.
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pubmed_690_10445
|
pubmed_218_25089
|
Based on the location of disease and its clinical manifestations, the symptoms and signs of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation are categorized to the pathological changes of Du Meridian, Gallbladder Meridian of Foot Shaoyang, Bladder Meridian of Foot Taiyang, and Kidney Meridian of Foot Shaoyin. As to differentiations, they can be classified into blood stagnation syndrome of Du Meridian, damp-heat syndrome of Gallbladder Meridian, wind-cold-damp obstruction syndrome of Bladder Meridian, kidney-yang deficiency syndrome. Thus the therapeutic effect could be enhanced by methods of manipulation, acupuncture-moxibustion and usus internus of Chinese medicinal and the like under the guidance of meridian differentiation.
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pubmed_218_25089
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pubmed_570_20964
|
Suicides among U.S. Army soldiers are increasing and, in January 2009, outpaced deaths due to combat. For this study, 1,873 army suicides identified through death, inpatient, and emergency room records were matched with 5,619 controls. In multivariate models, older, male, White, single, and enlisted soldiers with a prior injury (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.64-2.54), alcohol (OR = 3.41, 95% CI = 2.32-4.99), or mental health hospitalization (OR = 6.62, 95% CI = 4.77-9.20) were at increased risk for suicide. Risk was greatest immediately following diagnoses, but remained elevated even after 5 or more years of follow-up. Most injury hospitalizations were unintentional but, nonetheless, significantly associated with suicide. Interactions indicate soldiers with both mental health and injury history are particularly vulnerable.
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10.1521/suli.2010.40.4.407
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pubmed_832_17643
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As the GroES/GroEL chaperonin system is the only bacterial chaperone that is essential under all conditions, we have been interested in the development of GroES/GroEL inhibitors as potential antibiotics. Using Escherichia coli GroES/GroEL as a surrogate, we have discovered several classes of GroES/GroEL inhibitors that show potent antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. However, it remains unknown if E. coli GroES/GroEL is functionally identical to other GroES/GroEL chaperonins and hence if our inhibitors will function against other chaperonins. Herein we report our initial efforts to characterize the GroES/GroEL chaperonins from clinically significant ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species). We used complementation experiments in GroES/GroEL-deficient and -null E. coli strains to report on exogenous ESKAPE chaperone function. In GroES/GroEL-deficient (but not knocked-out) E. coli, we found that only a subset of the ESKAPE GroES/GroEL chaperone systems could complement to produce a viable organism. Surprisingly, GroES/GroEL chaperone systems from two of the ESKAPE pathogens were found to complement in E. coli, but only in the strict absence of either E. coli GroEL (P. aeruginosa) or both E. coli GroES and GroEL (E. faecium). In addition, GroES/GroEL from S. aureus was unable to complement E. coli GroES/GroEL under all conditions. The resulting viable strains, in which E. coligroESL was replaced with ESKAPE groESL, demonstrated similar growth kinetics to wild-type E. coli, but displayed an elongated phenotype (potentially indicating compromised GroEL function) at some temperatures. These results suggest functional differences between GroES/GroEL chaperonins despite high conservation of amino acid identity.IMPORTANCE The GroES/GroEL chaperonin from E. coli has long served as the model system for other chaperonins. This assumption seemed valid because of the high conservation between the chaperonins. It was, therefore, shocking to discover ESKAPE pathogen GroES/GroEL formed mixed-complex chaperonins in the presence of E. coli GroES/GroEL, leading to loss of organism viability in some cases. Complete replacement of E. coligroESL with ESKAPE groESL restored organism viability, but produced an elongated phenotype, suggesting differences in chaperonin function, including client specificity and/or refolding cycle rates. These data offer important mechanistic insight into these remarkable machines, and the new strains developed allow for the synthesis of homogeneous chaperonins for biochemical studies and to further our efforts to develop chaperonin-targeted antibiotics.
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10.1128/mBio.02167-20
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pubmed_728_6468
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The relationship between muscle activity at the terminal region of the common bile duct and the duodenal muscle was examined in rabbits. The rhythmic muscle activity in the terminal region was synchronous with duodenal muscle activity. The activity of the latter muscle preceded the former. The activity at the terminal region synchronous with the rhythmic activity of the duodenal muscle sometimes disappeared spontaneously. The muscle activity of the ampulla and the spincter at the terminal region was sometimes independently lost. The conduction of excitation from the duodenal muscle to the terminal region appeared to be performed at several sites. The existence of a "conduction-shunt path" between the terminal region and the duodenum, as well as between the ampulla and the sphincter appeared probably. Some quantitative differences were found between the spincter, ampulla and duodenum in inhibitory effects to stimulation of splanchnic nerves and reflex effects and to excitatory effects of cholecystokinin-pancreoxymin and caerulein. These results seem to indicate that the sympathetic nerves and the intramural cholinergic neurones controlling these region carry out activities quantitatively different from each other.
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pubmed_728_6468
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pubmed_987_6486
|
OBJECTIVE
Recent studies have demonstrated that micro RNAs (miRNAs) are involved in bone formation and bone cell differentiation, but the role of miR-582-3p in osteoporosis is unclear. We want to study the mechanism of miR-582-3p on osteogenic differentiation.
METHOD
The expression of miR-582-3p and homeobox (Hox) A10 were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. The expression levels of HOXA10 protein were determined by Western blot. The target of HOXA10 was identified by bioinformatics and luciferase reporter gene assay.
RESULTS
The results showed that miR-582-3p was up-regulated in OP tissues and down-regulated in osteogenic differentiated C2C12 cells compared with that in the control group. Overexpression of miR-582-3p resulted in reduced expression levels of osteocalcin (OC), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and collagen, type I, α1 (COL1A1). miR-582-3p had a potential binding site with HOXA10. Moreover, miR-582-3p inhibited the expression of HOXA10, and overexpression of HOXA10 reduced the effect of miR-582-3p on osteoblast markers. HOXA10 was the target gene of miR-582-3p, which could inhibit the expression of HOXA10. Furthermore, HOXA10 reduced the role of miR-582-3p in osteoblast markers. miR-582-3p inhibited the development of osteoporosis by regulating HOXA10 and osteoblast differentiation.
CONCLUSIONS
miR-582-3p may be a therapeutic target of osteoporosis treatment.
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10.1080/08923973.2022.2052895
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pubmed_1118_17623
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Ruptures of the extensor apparatus can have different etiologies and be complicated by underlying situations. Direct repair is not always possible, and reconstruction procedures can be insufficient, which leads to the appearance of multiple augmentation techniques to improve the strength of these constructs. Despite the proven results of these techniques, numerous procedures are described without any gold standard. We present our augmentation method for repairing the knee extensor apparatus with a vascular prosthesis that facilitates healing, does not interfere with the primary procedure, has no donor morbidity or rejection risk, and allows earlier mobilization and rehabilitation. The technique was used in different cases with multiple etiologies that needed reinforcement, with promising results.
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10.1051/sicotj/2022034
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pubmed_1028_4919
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A comparison is made of the results of ova collection from 65 superovulated cows of varying ages using the conventional surgical technique and a non-surgical (transcervical) technique. Two types of apparatus, rigid and flexible, were developed for non-surgical collections. The problems associated with these techniques are discussed and some remedial measures suggested. A mean of 9.8 ova per donor cow were recovered by the surgical method compared to 2.9 and 3.0 ova recovered by the transcervical method using flexible and rigid apparatus respectively. Eight young cows, which had not been previosly subjected to superovulation and embryo collection, yielded an average of 5.6 ova per donor by the non-surgical technique.
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10.1136/vr.103.25.558
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pubmed_54_7208
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We report the synthesis of first examples of hexaporphyrin and dodecaporphyrin assemblies on cyclotriphosphazene scaffold by adopting two different approaches based on Ru-pyridyl "N" coordination in decent yields. The multiporphyrin assemblies were confirmed by (31)P, (13)C, (1)H, (1)H-(1)H COSY, and NOESY NMR spectroscopic studies. The absorption studies showed 2-fold intensity enhancement with negligible changes in peak maxima compared to porphyrin monomers. The redox potentials of multiporphyrin assemblies showed the redox features of the constituted porphyrin monomers and supported weak interactions among the porphyrin units in noncovalent hexaporphyrin and dodecaporphyrin arrays.
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10.1021/ic501569e
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pubmed_1086_19084
|
Peptides can be designed to form self-assembled monolayers on gold nanoparticles to give nanomaterials with some chemical properties analogous to those of proteins. A variety of molecular-recognition properties are readily integrated within the peptide monolayer. Monofunctionalized nanoparticles are obtained by using separation methods that have been optimized for proteins. Recent applications as artificial enzymes and artificial enzyme substrates are presented. The limitations and long-term potential of peptide-capped nanoparticles as artificial proteins are discussed.
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10.1002/cbic.200600129
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pubmed_224_9973
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Inhalation exposure for 2 years to 14.3 ppm formaldehyde (HCHO) induced a 50% incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in the nasal cavity of F-344 rats but only a 3.3% incidence in B6C3F1 mice. Since the response was concentration and species dependent, species differences in nasal cavity "dose" were examined as a possible mechanism for the differences in tumor incidence. Naive (nonpretreated) and HCHO-pretreated (6 or 15 ppm, 6 hr/day, 4 days) mice and rats were exposed to HCHO for 6 hr during which respiratory rate and tidal volume were recorded to calculate the theoretical deposition (micrograms/min/cm2) of HCHO on the nasal epithelium. Species differences in delivered "dose" were further assessed by comparative autoradiography, histopathology, and cell turnover studies. Because mice were better able to reduce minute ventilation upon repeated exposures, they had less HCHO available for deposition than rats, resulting in less tissue damage and a lower rate of cell turnover in the nasal epithelium. The correlation between calculated "dose" and observed nasal toxicity, including nasal tumor incidence, demonstrates that by normalizing the dosimetry to nasal surface area, species differences in nasal toxicity may be better understood.
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10.1016/0041-008x(83)90001-7
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pubmed_1073_5690
|
During May 24–September 5, 2015, the United States experienced typical low levels of seasonal influenza activity. Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 (pH1N1), influenza A (H3N2), and influenza B viruses were detected worldwide and were identified sporadically in the United States. All of the influenza viruses collected from U.S. states and other countries during that time have been characterized antigenically and/or genetically as being similar to the influenza vaccine viruses recommended for inclusion in the 2015–16 Northern Hemisphere vaccine. During May 24–September 5, 2015, three influenza variant† virus infections were reported; one influenza A (H3N2) variant virus (H3N2v) from Minnesota in July, one influenza A (H1N1) variant (H1N1v) from Iowa in August, and one H3N2v from Michigan in August.
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10.15585/mmwr.mm6436a4
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pubmed_585_24596
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A previously well 5-year-old girl presented with new onset type 1 diabetes mellitus and diabetic ketoacidosis, and was found to be profoundly hyperlipidaemic. Further investigations showed that she had associated hypothyroidism. She responded to insulin and L-thyroxine treatments and her lipid profile returned to normal 2 months after diagnosis. Despite starting anticoagulant therapy early, she developed deep vein thrombosis of the lower limb. Her family screen did not demonstrate familial hyperlipidaemia or hypothyroidism. We discuss our patient's diagnosis and management and highlight the challenges faced in this case. A lipid profile may be warranted in cases of concomitant diabetes and hypothyroidism to detect this problem and institute early treatment(s); monitoring for potential complications is warranted.
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pubmed_585_24596
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pubmed_594_20883
|
The use of cisplatin in cancer chemotherapy is limited by acquired or intrinsic resistance of cells to the drug. Cisplatin enters the cells and its chloride ligands are replaced by water, forming aquated species that react with nucleophilic sites in cellular macromolecules. The presence of the cisplatin adducts in DNA is thought to trigger cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Knowledge of the mechanism of action of cisplatin has improved our understanding of resistance. Decreased intracellular concentration due to decreased drug uptake, increased reflux or increased inactivation by sulfhydryl molecules such as glutathione can cause resistance to cisplatin. Increased excision of the adducts from DNA by repair pathways or increased lesion bypass can also result in resistance. Finally, altered expression of regulatory proteins involved in signal transduction pathways that control the apoptotic pathway can also affect sensitivity to the drug. An improved understanding of the mechanisms of resistance operative in vivo has identified targets for intervention and may increase the utility of cisplatin for the treatment of cancer.
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10.1016/s0027-5107(01)00141-5
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pubmed_129_22656
|
The development of pituitary GnRH receptors was studied in the rat with in vitro and in vivo autoradiography. GnRH receptors were first seen in pituitary primordia of 13-day-old fetuses. The binding was specific and saturable and was abolished in the presence of 10 microM synthetic GnRH. To examine whether GnRH was available to the fetus, amnionic fluid was collected on days E 12-18. RIA analyses showed that GnRH levels in the amnionic fluid were low on days 12 and 13 (0-20 pM/ml) and rose to 225 pM/ml on day E 16 before they declined to 110 pM/ml on fetal day E 18. The highest levels of GnRH in the amnionic fluid on day E 16 coincided with the first appearance of immunoreactive LH cells, as determined by immunohistochemistry. Intravenous injection of 500 microliters amnionic fluid into pentobarbital-anesthetized adult rats caused a transient 40-60% increase in circulating serum LH in the recipient animal. To show that GnRH from the amnionic fluid has access to the developing pituitary, the 125I-labeled GnRH agonist Buserelin was injected into the amnionic fluid of 13-, 14-, and 15-day-old fetuses in the presence or absence of 10 microM unlabeled GnRH. Autoradiographic analysis of the fetal tissue indicated that the labeled GnRH agonist bound to specific receptors in the primordial pituitaries. The results suggest that the pituitary gonadotropes are differentiated before day E 13 because the expression of GnRH receptors is already an indication of cell determination. Since GnRH is present in the amnionic fluid in a biologically active form and can reach the fetal pituitary, it is concluded that GnRH may be an important factor determining the onset LH synthesis, but not the differentiation, of primordial pituitary cells.
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10.1210/endo-126-2-942
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pubmed_379_2921
|
Impairment of relaxation and diastole is usual if not constant in cardiomyopathies and accompanies a disorder of cardiac contractile function. Certain heart diseases, especially hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, are associated with relative preservation of contractility and the predominant disorder concerns left ventricular filling. The clinical consequence of this impairment is dyspnoea due to elevated pressures of the left-sided cavities. The loss of atrial systole atrial is usually very poorly tolerated. There is an ambiguity of definitions, as, for the clinician, diastole starts at the time of closure of the aortic valve and consists of four phases: isometric relaxation, rapid ventricular filling, diastasis and atrial systole. In reality, this definition must be reviewed in physiological terms, asthe relaxation which allows the ventricle to return to its initial precontraction configuration is an active phenomenon which is actually part of ventricular systole. The reference methods of investigation remain haemodynamic methods with invasive measurements of left ventricular pressures and volumes. Myocardial isotope scan and especially echocardiography allow assessment of relaxation and diastole, although certain limitations of interpretation must be kept in mind. In terms of treatment, the demonstration of impairment of relaxation and diastole may require a different approach when contractile function is preserved. Calcium channel blockers could be useful and the preservation of atrial systole is always decisive.
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pubmed_379_2921
|
pubmed_439_15183
|
Visual detection of ssRNA and dsDNA amplicons was achieved at room temperature without the need for a probe-analyte annealing stage. This approach uses a DNA nanostructure equipped with two analyte-binding arms. Highly selective binding of the third arm leads to the formation of a G-quadruplex structure capable of changing the solution color.
|
10.1039/d2cc00325b
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pubmed_488_6957
|
Effects of supraphysiologic methylprednisolone succinate doses on systolic time intervals, hemodynamic performance, and metabolism were studied in normal dogs during normoxia, after 60 min of normocapnic hypoxemia (PAO2 = 30 mm Hg), and reoxygenation. Bolus injections of 30 or 100 mg/kg methylprednisolone did not exert any positive inotropic action during normoxia. Cardiovascular and metabolic changes induced by hypoxia were modified only to a modest and statistically insignificant degree by sustained high levels of methylprednisolone.
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10.1111/j.1399-6576.1976.tb05049.x
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pubmed_918_21055
|
INTRODUCTION
Adherence-enhancing interventions have been assessed in the literature, however heterogeneity and conflicting findings have prohibited a consensus on the most effective approach to maintain adherence over time. With the ageing population and growth of chronic conditions, evaluation of sustainable strategies to improve and maintain medication adherence long term is paramount. We aimed to determine the comparative effectiveness of interventions for improving medication adherence over time among adults with any clinical condition.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Meta-analyses evaluating interventions to improve medication adherence were searched in PubMed in January 2019 and reviewed for primary studies. Experimental studies with a comparison group assessing an intervention to enhance medication adherence in adult patients with reported adherence outcomes were included. Two authors extracted data for study characteristics, interventions and adherence outcomes. Interventions were categorized into four groups or combinations: educational, attitudinal, technical and rewards. Four network meta-analyses were performed to compare interventions based on patient follow-up time. Medication adherence effect sizes were reported as odds ratios (OR) with a 95% credibility interval (CrI) and surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) to allow ranking probabilities. Risk of bias was assessed as per Cochrane guidelines.
RESULTS
Data was obtained from 69 meta-analyses with 468 primary studies being included in qualitative synthesis. The four networks compromised of 249 studies in total (0-3 month follow-up: 99 studies, 4-6 months: 104, 7-9 months: 18, ≥10 months: 94). Interventions showing success in follow-ups of less than 10 months varied across time. Significant effects compared to standard of care (SOC) were found in technical (4-6 months: OR 0.34, 95% CrI 0.25-0.45) and attitudinal interventions (7-9 months: 0.37, 0.17-0.84). Multicomponent interventions demonstrated effectiveness compared to standard of care with an additive effect displayed, particularly in longer follow-ups (educational + attitudinal + technical interventions ≥10 months: OR 0.49, 95% CrI 0.27-0.88).
DISCUSSION
All interventions reviewed improved medication adherence compared to standard of care. Multicomponent interventions displayed the most promising results in maintenance of long-term medication adherence. Technical and reward components enhanced adherence on a short-term basis, while educational and attitudinal interventions evolved over time to be more effective in follow-ups greater than 7 months. Sustainability of adherence to medications over time is dependent upon multicomponent interventions including educational, attitudinal and technical aspects to modify and enhance patient medication-taking behavior. Future research should focus on the most cost-effective approaches able to be integrated into routine practice.
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10.1371/journal.pone.0213432
|
pubmed_240_23263
|
INTRODUCTION
Enteral Nutrition Therapy (ENT) is considered an important tool for the appropriate maintenance of nutritional conditions. ENT tolerance may be limited due to gastrointestinal (GI) events resulting from formula composition and/or simultaneously administered drug therapies.
AIMS
To verify the possible association between GI events and drug therapies being administered to patients receiving ENT at a university hospital.
METHODS
A prospective observational cohort study was conducted. Medical records from 95 patients requiring ENT at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) were randomly evaluated until discharge, death, or initiation of oral or parenteral diet occurred. Details of the administered medications and enteral formula, together with the presenting patient disease and digestive manifestations, were recorded by the medical team. Three experienced gastroenterologists evaluated the possible association between the digestive symptoms and the medications employed. The study protocol was approved by the HCPA Research Ethics Committee and patient consent forms were signed.
RESULTS
Mean patient age: 65±17 (24-95) years; 94.70% presented with GI events: constipation 70.50%, diarrhea 38.90%, abdominal distension 18.90%, vomiting 16.80%, and pulmonary aspiration 1.10%. ENT was most indicated in neurologic (50.50%) and neoplastic (25.30%) disease. Medications given to the patients showed a positive relation: 63.20% to 86.70% of GI symptoms could be attributed to the drugs being administered.
CONCLUSIONS
GI complications during ENT are common; they are frequently linked to administered drug therapy. Health care teams should consider all risk factors present, specifically those related to prescribed medication, before modifying/suspending ENT.
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pubmed_240_23263
|
pubmed_1034_16952
|
BACKGROUND
Limited fluoroscopy cryo-ablation using a 3D electro-anatomical system (3DS) has been used for AVNRT in children. We aimed to facilitate a fluoroscopy limited approach of RF ablation of AVNRT in children.
METHODS
A retrospective study was performed of procedure parameters in children undergoing RF ablation of AVNRT in 75 consecutive children (June 2011 to November 2013 - Group A) using standard fluoroscopy techniques compared to those of 64 consecutive children (December 2013 to May 2015 - Group B), using a fluoroscopy limited approach with 3DS.
RESULTS
The acute success rate was 98.7% (74/75) and 98.4% (63/64) for groups A and B, respectively. The recurrence rate was 2.7% (2/74) and 0% (0/63) with a mean follow-up period of 45.5±12.1 and 14.3±6.1months for group A and group B, respectively. The mean procedure and fluoroscopy times were significantly lower for group B compared to group A (119±37 (43-203) and 0.83±1.04 (0.05-3.83) minutes versus 146±53 (72-250) and 16.1±8.9 (4.39-55) minutes, p<0.003 and p<0.0001, respectively). There were no ablation-related complications.
CONCLUSIONS
A fluoroscopy limited approach for RF ablation of AVNRT in children using a 3DS is easily acquired and adapted, and significantly reduces the fluoroscopy and procedure time with excellent efficacy, safety and low recurrence rate.
CONDENSED ABSTRACT
This study confirmed that a 3D mapping system (3DS) to guide ablations of AVNRT in children reduces radiation exposure. Combined, limited fluoroscopy and 3DS in a methodology that resembles the familiar conventional fluoroscopy approach for RF ablation of AVNRT in children is proposed. Combined limited fluoroscopy and RF-energy in children with AVNRT are associated with a shorter procedure time, minimal fluoroscopy time, a high success rate and a low recurrence rate.
|
10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.01.128
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pubmed_534_12540
|
The treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 is effective, but still is not optimal. DPP4 inhibitors (gliptins) are a new group of peroral antidiabetic drugs. The third clinical mortality study with gliptins in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 was finished in 2015. The studies are known under acronym TECOS, SAVOR and EXAMINE and the tested drugs are sitagliptin, saxagliptin and alogliptin. The studies included about 37,000 patients. The studies confirmed the cardiovascular safety of the DPP4 inhibitors, but the question about increased heart failure remains open. The effectiveness of lowering glycaemia (glycated haemoglobin) was confirmed and also the pancreatic safety is confirmed.
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pubmed_534_12540
|
pubmed_634_14059
|
PURPOSE
Most models for managing chronic disease focus on single diseases. Managing patients with multimorbidity is an increasing challenge in family medicine. We evaluated the feasibility of a novel approach to caring for patients with multimorbidity, performing a case study of TIP-Telemedicine IMPACT (Interprofessional Model of Practice for Aging and Complex Treatments) Plus-a 1-time interprofessional consultation with primary care physicians (PCPs) and their patients in Toronto, Canada.
METHODS
We assessed feasibility of the TIP model from the number of referrals from PCPs and emergency departments in Toronto, Canada; the intervention cost; and the satisfaction of patients, PCPs, and team members with the new model. One patient and PCP story highlights the model's impact. We also performed thematic analysis of written feedback.
RESULTS
A total of 76 patients were referred from 53 PCPs and 4 emergency departments, and 65 PCPs participated in TIP. All 74 patient survey respondents indicated TIP improved their access to interdisciplinary resources, and 97% reported feeling hopeful their conditions would improve as a result. Of 21 PCP survey respondents, 100% reported they would use TIP again, and 90% reported improved confidence in managing their patient's care. Of 87 team member survey respondents, 97% rated TIP as effective. Qualitative findings indicated benefits to both patients and health professionals. The cost was about 22% less than that of a 1-day hospital admission through the emergency department (C$854 vs C$1,088).
CONCLUSIONS
TIP is a feasible intervention in multiple primary care settings that gives patients an active role in their health management, supported by their team. The model effectively addresses the needs of the most complex patients and their PCPs.
|
10.1370/afm.2379
|
pubmed_403_16523
|
INTRODUCTION
Sheehan syndrome presents with features of multiple hormone deficiencies including lactation failure and amenorrhoea as well as with features of central hypothyroidism and adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency. Psychiatric manifestations are mostly limited to cognitive impairment. Psychotic presentations are rare and limited to case reports. Case Presentation. A 32-year-old female was evaluated for fearfulness and delusions for one year. She had persecutory and bizarre delusions, delusion of thought possession, and elementary auditory hallucinations. These began four months after the birth of her third child. The delivery had been complicated with postpartum haemorrhage. Her symptoms caused the functional decline and progressively worsened, resulting in suicidal ideation. Cognitive assessment revealed mild impairment in attention. Further inquiry revealed lethargy, constipation, cold intolerance, and lactation failure. She was slow, having dry skin, puffy face, and bradycardia with a blood pressure of 80/60 mmHg (supine) and 70/50 mmHg (standing). She had hyponatraemia, elevated creatine phosphokinase, low thyroxine, prolactin, FSH, LH, and IGF-1. She had poor cortisol and growth hormone response to the insulin tolerance test. MRI-pituitary showed empty sella. A diagnosis of Sheehan syndrome was made. Her symptoms improved completely after the initiation of levothyroxine and hydrocortisone.
CONCLUSIONS
Sheehan syndrome can present with psychotic symptoms mimicking schizophrenia with variable involvement of cognition. Detailed reporting of these patients would enhance better characterization of the clinical presentation and risk profile of these patients.
|
10.1155/2020/8840938
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pubmed_227_6978
|
1. We investigated the roles of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in organ dysfunction in diabetic mice with normal genotype (wild-type, WT) or myocyte-specific overexpression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) (transgenic, TG) after chronic oral treatment with the endothelin-A (ETA) receptor antagonist atrasentan. 2. Mice were rendered diabetic by injection of 200 mg kg-1 streptozotocin (STZ). Experimental groups were: untreated WT diabetic (n=9), untreated TG diabetic (n=9), atrasentan-treated WT diabetic (n=9), atrasentan-treated TG diabetic (n=8) and the four corresponding nondiabetic groups (n=5). Atrasentan was administered orally via drinking water at 3 mg kg-1 per day over 28 days. All diabetic mice developed similar hyperglycaemia (27-30 mmol l-1). 3. Atrasentan treatment significantly improved left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in response to exogenous norepinephrine, but there were no differences between genotypes. 4. Atrasentan antagonized the diabetic impairments in endothelium-dependent coronary relaxation and thromboxane-receptor mediated aortic constriction. Further, it improved cardiac and renal oxidant status as evident from reduced tissue malondialdehyde levels. 5. Atrasentan reduced diabetic urine flow, proteinuria and plasma creatinine levels, but creatinine clearance was not significantly altered. 6. These results suggest that in experimental type 1 diabetes, blocking ETA receptors ameliorates myocardial, coronary and renal function and improves tissue oxidant status, whereas raising myocardial NO levels has neither beneficial nor deleterious effects on diabetic cardiomyopathy in this transgenic model.
|
10.1038/sj.bjp.0706772
|
pubmed_227_9063
|
UNLABELLED
In order to observe the therapeutic effects of jinger moxibustion for cervical vertigo, 78 cases were randomly divided into 2 groups, of whom 40 were treated with jinger moxibustion and 38 treated with acupuncture. The results showed a cure rate of 72.5% with a total effective rate of 97.5% in the jinger moxibustion group, while 44.7% and 73.7% respectively in the acupuncture group. The comparisons between the two groups in the cure rate and the total effective rate showed significant differences (P < 0.05).
THE CONCLUSION
Jinger moxibustion has a good therapeutic effect for treating cervical vertigo, superior to that of the acupuncture treatment.
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pubmed_227_9063
|
pubmed_754_10469
|
The effects of steriodal and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents on mortality, plasma glucose and lactate levels, and pathologic alterations associated with Escherichia coli endotoxemia were assessed in neonatal rats. Animals were first injected subcutaneously with either high (LD95) or moderate (LD35) doses of endotoxin and immediately thereafter were administered either saline, dexamethasone, indomethacin, or glucose. Animals treated with saline or glucose developed significant hypoglycemia and hyperlactacidemia. Dexamethasone and indomethacin ameliorated the fall in glucose and the rise in lactate during high dose but not moderate dose endotoxemia. Pathologic changes consisting of widespread inflammation and hepatic necrosis were most marked in the saline- and indomethacin-treated animals. Only dexamethasone significantly reduced mortality at either LD95 or LD35 doses of endotoxin. We conclude that dexamethasone may reduce mortality in endotoxic shock through mechanisms other than simple amelioration of changes in plasma glucose.
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pubmed_754_10469
|
pubmed_615_15763
|
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of sustained-release fampridine (4-aminopyridine) in veterans with multiple sclerosis (MS) with limited ambulatory ability, and its impact on motor function in an outpatient setting.
DESIGN
Retrospective.
SETTING
Tertiary referral center [Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center].
PARTICIPANTS
Veterans; 20 MS patients were prescribed dalfampridine (10 mg twice daily) due to their difficulty with walking based on patient and caregiver report and clinician impression of change in the ability to ambulate based on prior 10-meter (10M) and 2-minute walk tests (2MWTs).
INTERVENTION
Not applicable.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The primary outcome measures were mean changes in walking speed (10M walk test), walking distance (2MWT), and Total Functional Independence Measure (TFIM). Improvement of >20% in walking speed was indicated as a clinically meaningful change.
RESULTS
Treatment with dalfampridine resulted in significant improvement in walking speed and endurance (p < 0.05). Walking speed increased by 33% and walking endurance by 31%, representing clinically meaningful improvement. This change was not influenced by change in muscle tone. This improvement in mobility was associated with a clinically significant change in motor function. Adverse effects, including insomnia, dizziness, and headache, were experienced by five patients who discontinued the medication after a minimum of 4 weeks.
CONCLUSION
Treatment with dalfampridine resulted in clinically relevant improvements in walking speed and endurance in MS patients with limited ambulation and helped improve their motor function.
|
10.1007/s40268-013-0020-x
|
pubmed_466_14168
|
Pediatricians' success in the role of advocate can be associated with fewer injuries to children. The authors emphasize the importance of pediatrician advocacy for injury prevention, including preventive health maintenance, education, community organization, professional education, development of emergency medical services, and legislation and regulation.
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10.1016/s0031-3955(16)34771-x
|
pubmed_89_22018
|
The crude Hedysarum polysaccharides (HPS: HPS-50 and HPS-80) obtained from Radix Hedysari exhibited great pharmacological activities in our previous research. This study investigated the effects of HPS on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) in mice and LPS-induced injury in LO2 cells, as well as the relationship between structural characteristics and hepatoprotective activities. The in vivo results showed that compared with HPS-80, HPS-50 showed stronger hepatoprotection, which improved histopathological changes to normal levels. HPS-50 significantly decreased the levels of ALT, AST, MPO, and MDA, increased the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH, and suppressed the LPS/D-GalN-triggered production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 (p < .05). The results in vitro showed that HPS-50-P (HPS-50-1, HPS-50-2, and HPS-50-3) purified from HPS-50 played significant protective roles against LPS-induced injury in LO2 cells by reducing cell apoptosis and relieving cell cycle arrest. HPS-50-2 restored the percentage of normal cells from 54.8% to 94.7%, and reduced the S phase cells from 59.40% to 47.05% (p < .01). By analyzing the structure of HPS-50-P, including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, chain conformation, and surface morphology, we speculated that the best protective effect of HPS-50-2 might be attributed to its beta configuration, highest molecular weight, and high glucose and galactose contents. These findings indicate that HPS-50 might be a promising source of functional foods for the protection and prevention of ALI. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In this study, the protective effect of HPS on ALI was evaluated from multiple perspectives, and HPS-50-2 was screened as a potential active ingredient. This study has two practical applications. First, it provides a new way to improve ALI, and a new option for patients to prevent and treat ALI. Second, this work also complements the pharmacological activity of Radix Hedysari and provides a basis for the development of Radix Hedysari as a functional food.
|
10.1111/jfbc.14188
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pubmed_740_22254
|
BACKGROUND
South Asians are prone to cardiometabolic disease at lower BMI levels than most other ethnic groups, starting in childhood. The magnitude of BMI misclassifications is unknown.
AIM
To compare the BMI distribution of contemporary South Asian 0-20 year olds in the Netherlands with: (1) The South Asian norm reference (secular trends); and (2) The WHO child growth standard and reference.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
The BMI-for-age distribution of 6677 routine measurements of 3322 South Asian children, aged 0-20 years, was described with the LMS method and BMI z-scores.
RESULTS
The BMI distribution in South Asian 0-4 year olds was almost similar to the norm reference (mean BMI z-score = 0.11, skewness = 0.31, SD = 1.0), whereas in 5-19 year olds the distribution had shifted upwards (mean = 0.53) and widened (skewness = -0.12, SD = 1.08). Overweight (incl. obesity) and obesity peaked at 8-10 years, at 45-48% and 35-37%, respectively. Relative to the WHO references, the BMI distribution was left-shifted at ages 0-4 years (mean BMI z-score = -0.46, skewness = 0.23, SD = 0.98) and widened at ages 5-20 years (mean = 0.05; skewness = -0.02, SD = 1.40). At most ages, thinness rates were significantly higher and obesity rates lower than based on South Asian norms.
CONCLUSIONS
A secular change of BMI-for-age in South Asian children mostly affected children >4 years. WHO references likely under-estimate overweight and obesity rates in South Asian children.
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10.1080/03014460.2018.1445288
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pubmed_1105_12157
|
Although the discovery of aquaporins in plants has resulted in a paradigm shift in the understanding of plant water relations, the relationship between aquaporins and plant responses to drought still remains elusive. Moreover, the contribution of aquaporin genes to the enhanced tolerance to drought in arbuscular mycorrhisal (AM) plants has never been investigated. Therefore, we studied, at a molecular level, whether the expression of aquaporin-encoding genes in roots is altered by the AM symbiosis as a mechanism to enhance host plant tolerance to water deficit. In this study, genes encoding plasma membrane aquaporins (PIPs) from soybean and lettuce were cloned and their expression pattern studied in AM and nonAM plants cultivated under well-watered or drought stressed conditions. Results showed that AM plants responded to drought stress by down-regulating the expression of the PIP genes studied and anticipating its down-regulation as compared to nonAM plants. The possible physiological implications of this down-regulation of PIP genes as a mechanism to decrease membrane water permeability and to allow cellular water conservation is further discussed.
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10.1007/s11103-005-4210-y
|
pubmed_248_11207
|
Stem cells play a critical role in normal tissue maintenance, and mutations in these stem cells may give rise to cancer. We hypothesize that melanoma develops from a mutated stem cell and therefore residual stem cell characteristics should be able to be identified in melanoma cell lines. We studied three metastatic melanoma cell lines that exhibited multiple morphologic forms in culture and demonstrated the capacity to pigment. We used the ability to efflux Hoechst 33342 dye, a technique known to enrich for stem cells in many tissues, to segregate cell populations. The cells with the greatest ability to efflux the dye were (1) small in size, (2) had the capacity to give rise to larger cell forms, and (3) had the greatest ability to expand in culture. The small cells were found to have a decreased proliferative rate and were less melanized. Large dendritic cells that appeared to be nonproliferative were identified in cultures. Treatment with cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranoside hydrochloride (Ara-C) expanded the large cell population but the residual proliferative capacity, both in vitro and in vivo, remained concentrated in the smaller cell fraction. Antigenic staining patterns were variable and heterogeneous. Nestin (a neural stem cell marker) and gp100 (premelanosomal marker) favored the smaller cell population, while nerve growth factor receptor often labeled larger cells. Morphologic and antigenic heterogeneity remained intact after clonal purification. These findings are consistent with the behavior expected for a tumor based on stem cell biology; this finding has diagnostic and therapeutic implications for melanocytic neoplasias.
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10.1038/sj.jid.5700017
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pubmed_288_5508
|
We report on a technique for producing a Bessel function correlation output for an arbitrary input pattern. The central dark spot at the center of the Bessel function correlator output is narrower than the width of the normal correlation spot and can be extremely useful for locating the center of the correlation signal. The Bessel function is produced by convolution of the extremely sharp correlation produced by an inverse filter with the Bessel function and is encoded with a single phase-only liquid-crystal spatial light modulator. To encode amplitude information on the filter, we spatially modulate the phase encoded on the filter. Amplitude modulation is obtained by modulation of the diffraction efficiency of the phase grating. Experimental results are presented.
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10.1364/ao.38.006709
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pubmed_1103_18886
|
This 47-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with disturbance of consciousness due to subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by a ruptured dissecting aneurysm of the left anterior cerebral artery (ACA). Conservative treatment resulted in improvement in the patient's consciousness; however, repeated rupture occurred during the chronic stage. Endovascular coil embolization of the parent artery was successful. Serial angiography demonstrated all stages in the development of the aneurysm. Follow-up angiography demonstrated an incidental dissecting aneurysm of the right vertebral artery. This aneurysm was also treated by endovascular embolization. No new neurological deficit appeared during or after the treatment. Multiple dissecting aneurysms are rare, especially those involving both supra- and infratentorial regions. A ruptured dissecting aneurysm of the ACA is also an uncommon vascular disorder. This case shows that rebleeding may occur, even during the chronic stage, and thus appropriate treatment for the prevention of subsequent bleeding is essential. Incidental dissecting aneurysms can be treated using the endovascular technique, but further study is necessary.
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10.3171/jns.1999.91.4.0682
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pubmed_98_8457
|
Antibody-based immunotherapy is a promising strategy in cancer treatment. Antibodies can directly inhibit tumor growth, induce complement-dependent cytotoxicity and induce Fc receptor-mediated elimination of tumor cells by macrophages and natural killer cells. Until now, however, neutrophils have been largely overlooked as potential effector cells, even though they are the most abundant type of immune cells in the circulation. Neutrophils display heterogeneity, especially in the context of cancer. Therefore, their role in cancer is debated. Nevertheless, neutrophils possess natural anti-tumor properties and appropriate stimulation, i.e. specific targeting via antibody therapy, induces potent tumor cell killing, especially via targeting of the immunoglobulin A Fc receptor (FcαRI, CD89). In this review we address the mechanisms of tumor cell killing by neutrophils and the role of neutrophils in induction of anti-tumor immunity. Moreover, possibilities for therapeutic targeting are discussed.
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10.1016/j.smim.2021.101581
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pubmed_551_5035
|
BACKGROUND
Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has become standard of care as a staging procedure in patients with invasive breast cancer. A positive SLNB allows completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND) to be performed. The axillary recurrence rate (ARR) after cALND in patients with positive SLNB is low. Recently, several studies have reported a similar low ARR when cALND is not performed. This review aims to determine the ARR when cALND is omitted in SLNB-positive patients.
METHODS
A literature search was performed in the PubMed database with the search terms "breast cancer," "sentinel lymph node biopsy," "axillary" and "recurrence." Articles with data regarding follow-up of patients with SLNB-positive breast cancer were identified. To be eligible, patients should not have received cALND and ARR should be reported.
RESULTS
Thirty articles were analyzed. This resulted in 7,151 patients with SLNB-positive breast cancer in whom a cALND was omitted (median follow-up of 45 months, range 1-142 months). Overall, 41 patients developed an axillary recurrence. 27 studies described 3,468 patients with micrometastases in the SLNB, of whom 10 (0.3 %) developed an axillary recurrence. ARR varied between 0 and 3.7 %. Sixteen studies described 3,268 patients with macrometastases, 24 (0.7 %) axillary recurrences were seen. ARR varied between 0 and 7.1 %. Details regarding type of surgery and adjuvant treatment were lacking in the majority of studies.
CONCLUSIONS
ARR appears to be low in SLNB-positive patients even when a cALND is not performed. Withholding cALND may be safe in breast cancer selected patients such as those with isolated tumor cells or micrometastatic disease.
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10.1245/s10434-012-2490-4
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pubmed_159_15501
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Spectral-fluorescent properties of the meso-substituted anionic cyanine dye 3,3'-di-(γ-sulfopropyl)-4,5,4',5'-dibenzo-9-methylthiacarbocyanine betaine (DMC) were studied in solutions and in the presence of human serum albumin (HSA). The properties of DMC were compared with those of the previously studied meso-substituted anionic dyes 3,3'-di(γ-sulfopropyl)-4,5,4',5'-dibenzo-9-ethylthiacarbocyanine betaine (DEC), 3,3'-di-(γ-sulfopropyl)-9-methylthiacarbocyanine betaine (MTC) and 3,3'-di-(γ-sulfopropyl)-5,5'-diphenyl-9-ethyloxacarbocyanine betaine (OCC), which were studied here in more detail. In aqueous solutions, DMC, like DEC, is prone to dimerization; it also forms H- and J-aggregates. The noncovalent interaction of DMC with HSA leads to decomposition of the dimers with a shift in the cis-trans isomeric equilibrium toward the trans-monomer complexed with HSA, which is accompanied by a significant increase in fluorescence. The spectral-fluorescent data were used to estimate the binding constants of the dyes with HSA and other characteristics of the dyes, which are important when used as probes for HSA. The effect of structural rearrangements of HSA upon denaturation by urea on the spectral-fluorescent properties of the dyes was studied. Molecular docking of the dye-HSA systems was performed. A comparative assessment of the prospects for the use of the dyes as spectral-fluorescent probes for HSA in vitro was carried out.
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10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106378
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pubmed_71_570
|
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Functional assessment is especially relevant in patients with cognitive impairment (CI). The Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD) scale assesses functional ability and its use is becoming increasingly popular. This study aims to perform the translation and cultural adaptation of the DAD scale in order to create a Spanish version: DAD-E.
PATIENTS AND METHOD
A double translation/back-translation process was developed, as well as a pilot study with 14 caregivers of patients with CI, and 3 review meetings to achieve general agreement.
RESULTS
The DAD-E includes the 40 original items. Four response options and 8 scores were added in order to detect functional disability induced by CI independently of other possible causes. More detailed instructions for administration and scoring of the scale have been provided in order to improve the reliability of the content.
CONCLUSIONS
The DAD-E was shown to be a cultural and linguistic adaptation equivalent of the original scale, which allows it to be applied to the Spanish population. It may be a useful instrument in clinical practice since it provides a more accurate assessment of functional disability due to cognitive impairment.
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10.1016/j.medcli.2017.03.029
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pubmed_848_10266
|
This paper reports the first British study to assess the construct validity of Beck's Hopelessness Scale (HS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). On the basis of interviews with 50 economically active parasuicide patients, it was confirmed that hopelessness accounts for the relationship between depression and suicidal intent. Moreover, it was shown that social desirability neither confounds the relationship between hopelessness and suicidal intent, nor has any predictive power in explaining variation in suicidal intent. On the other hand, the interval ('elapsed time') between the commencement of the parasuicidal act and of the research interview was significantly and positively correlated with suicidal intent, and elapsed time was a significant predictor of the total score on Beck's Suicidal Intent Scale. Two explanations for this finding are proposed: the first is based on the possibility that elapsed time is an indirect or proxy measure of medical seriousness; the second derives from the likely impact of prolonged hospital stay on the patient's interpretation or understanding of his/her behaviour. Researchers are advised to take into account the moderating effect of elapsed time when designing studies which examine psychological processes in parasuicide.
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10.1111/j.2044-8260.1990.tb00898.x
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pubmed_349_25625
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BACKGROUND
Couples are considered infertile if they do not conceive over a 12-month period of unprotected intercourse. Studies have shown that female causes accounted for between 25 to 37 percent of infertility worldwide (with larger proportions in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia) and male causes accounted for between 8 to 22 percent. Both male and female causes accounted for between 21 to 38 percent. Although the majority of ART children are normal, there are concerns about the increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. More than 30 % of ART pregnancies are twins or higher-order multiple gestations (triplets or greater) and more than one half of all ART neonates are the products of multifetal gestations, with an attendant increase in prematurity complications. The aim of this study was to evaiuate the outcome of pregnancies conceived by In-vitro fertilisation compared to those conceived naturally in two hospitals in Douala, Cameroon.
METHODS
This was a prospective study carried out from October 1, 2011 to September 30, 2012. Participants were recruited from two hospitals: the Douala General Hospital (DGH) and the Clinique de l' Aéroport (CDA), also in Douala. A total of 102 women were recruited for study: 51 who conceived by IVF (cases) and 51 who conceived naturally (controls). Of the 102 women, 52.9 % were between 31 - 39 years of age, while 21.6 % were above 40.
RESULTS
Participants who conceived through IVF-ET were 4.1 times more likely to undergo cesarean delivery than those who conceived naturally [OR 4.10, 95 % CI 1.78-9.42]. Similarly, a higher percentage of patients in the IVF group than those in the control group have never given birth (33.3 % vs 2.0 %) (P < 0.0001). The percentage of multiple pregnancies was 7.5 times higher in the IVF group than in the control group (14.7 % vs.1.96 %) (P = 0.000). The leading indication for cesarean delivery was advanced maternal age (27.3 %) followed by IVF or precious pregnancy (18.2 %).
CONCLUSIONS
Cesarean delivery was more frequent amongst the IVF group than in the control group. The leading indications for cesarean delivery were advanced maternal age and IVF or precious pregnancy. The long-term neonatal outcomes of IVF babies beyond 5-min Apgar scores should be studied in Cameroon and follow-up beyond 1 year encouraged.
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10.1186/s40738-015-0013-2
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pubmed_40_16115
|
OBJECTIVE
To study the preventive effects of jinghua weikang capsule (JWC) on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induced injury to the mucosa of the small intestine.
METHODS
Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, i.e., the blank control group, the model group, the JWC group, and the esomeprazole group. Diclofenac was administered to rats in the model group, the JWC group, and the esomeprazole group at the daily dose of 15 mg/kg. JWC and esomeprazole was respectively given to those in the JWC group, and the esomeprazole group one day ahead. Normal saline was given to rats in the blank control group. Rats were killed 3 days later. The pathological changes of the small intestine were observed by hematoxylin and eosin stain.
RESULTS
Compared with the blank control group, the general score for the small intestine (4.63 +/-0.52 vs 0.00 +/-0. 00) and the pathological score (4.00 +/-0.90 vs 0.00 +/-0. 00) obviously increased in the model group, showing statistical difference (P <0.05). Compared with the model group, the general score for the small intestine (1.88 +/-0.99) and the pathological score (2.11 +/-1.11) obviously decreased in the JWG group, showing statistical difference (P <0.05). Compared with the model group, the general score for the small intestine (2.75 +/-1.28) and the pathological score (2. 30 +/-0.94) obviously decreased in the esomeprazole group, showing statistical difference (P <0.05).
CONCLUSION
JWC could prevent NSAIDs induced injury to the mucosa of the small intestine.
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pubmed_40_16115
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pubmed_649_30870
|
Microelectrode studies were carried out to examine the effect of varied [Ca]o on resting potentials of newborn and adult rat ventricular muscles. The ratio of membrane permeabilities to sodium and potassium (PNa/PK) estimated from the constant-field equation was about 0.03 in 2 mM [Ca]o in both newborn and adult preparations. Membrane hyperpolarization was observed in adult preparations when [Ca]o was increased from 1 mM to 10 mM, whereas the resting potential of newborn preparations was little hyperpolarized. In 10 mM [Ca]o, PNa/PK was 0.01 in adult and was still 0.03 in newborn. The hyperpolarization observed in adult tissue was reduced in low [Na]o, which is inconsistent with the constant-field equation. A possible mechanism of this hyperpolarization is discussed.
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pubmed_649_30870
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pubmed_234_5474
|
IS1389, a new insertion sequence belonging to the IS3 family, has been identified in Xanthomonas campestris pv. amaranthicola. The genome of this bacterium contains at least 11 copies of the element, whereas no hybridizing sequences were detected in other Xanthomonas species [X. axonopodis, X. fragaridae, X. phaseoli, and X. (Stenotrophomonas) maltophila]. Two nearly identical copies of the element (IS1389-A and IS1389-B) were characterized. According to analysis of sequence alignments and similar structural features, IS1389 belongs to the IS407 subgroup of the IS3 family, which duplicates 4 bp of target DNA upon insertion. IS1389-A was found in the proximity of the modification gene of the XamI restriction-modification system.
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10.1007/s002030050734
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pubmed_31_9226
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NDM-1 comprises a carbapenemase that was first detected in 2008 in New Delhi, India. Since then, NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains have been reported in many countries and usually associated with intra and inter-hospital dissemination, along with travel-related epidemiological links. In South America, Brazil represents the largest reservoir of NMD-1-producing K. pneumoniae. Here, we focused on the detection and molecular/structural characterization of the blaNDM-1 resistance gene/enzyme from 24 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates in the Midwest region of Brazil. Antimicrobial susceptibility assays showed that all isolates are resistant to carbapenems. Molecular typing of the isolates revealed seven clonal groups among the K. pneumoniae isolates, which may indicate intra or inter-hospital dissemination. Moreover, the blaNDM-1 gene was detected in all 24 K. pneumoniae isolates and the full blaNDM-1 gene was cloned. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the NDM-1 enzyme sequence found in our isolates is highly conserved when compared to other NDM-1 enzymes. In addition, molecular docking studies indicate that the NDM-1 identified binds to different carbapenems through hydrogen and zinc coordination bonds. In summary, we present the molecular characterization of NDM-1-producing K. pneumoniae strains isolated from different hospitals, also providing atomic level insights into molecular complexes NDM-1/carbapenem antibiotics.
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10.1038/s41429-018-0126-z
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pubmed_766_255
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Because a sustained fall in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) was observed after endotracheal suctioning in previous studies on anesthetized dogs and in humans, this study was designed to investigate the nature of the fall, its duration, and its response to several challenges. Experiments were performed at weekly intervals using three anesthetized dogs. Each dog was subjected to five experiments. In spontaneously breathing dogs, the duration of the sustained fall after suctioning or after suction catheter insertion without application of suction pressure persisted through 15 minutes. At 30 minutes afterwards, PaO2 had partially or completely returned to control levels. One hyperinflation breath given after suctioning did not produce a lasting reversal of the sustained fall, and pretreatment with isoproterenol mist inhalations failed to prevent the sustained fall. In dogs which were mechanically ventilated both before and after suctioning or catheter insertion without application of suction pressure, three hyperinflations before suctioning or pretreatment with isoproterenol failed to prevent the sustained fall. The data supported the hypothesis that a reflex mechanism, initiated by mechanical stimulation of the airways, was responsible for the sustained fall in PaO2 observed.
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pubmed_766_255
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pubmed_1100_15332
|
Unintentional hypothermia is common in patients undergoing "routine anesthesia in surgery". The aims of the study were to estimate the difference of changes of body temperature during abdominal and limb operations and to evaluate the effectiveness of the heated humidifier for reducing intraoperative heat loss. Forty-three patients were randomly being allocated into 3 groups. Group I consisted of 14 patients undergoing abdominal operation without the use of heated humidifier. Another 22 patients were being assigned as group II to have a heated humidifier on the inspiratory limb of the breathing circuit. The inspired gas was warmed to 39 degrees C and the relative humidity was 90%. 7 patients undergoing limb operation were attributed to group III without using heated humidifier to humidify and warm up the inspired gas. For body temperature monitoring, the probe was placed on the patient's nasopharynx and the temperature was measured immediately before induction of anesthesia, post-intubation, and then once again every 15 minutes up to 3 hours after induction. All patients in the 3 groups showed a rapid decrease of body temperature in the first hour and then the hypothermic change was slow down. The lowest level of body temperature was reached at about 2 hours after induction. Patients undergoing abdominal operation decreased body temperature greater than those undergoing limb operation for about 2 degrees C after 3 hours of anesthesia and surgery. Warming and humidifying the inspired gas effectively reduced the heat loss. We concluded that abdominal operation induce hypothermia more than limb operation. The use of heated humidifier was effective in maintaining body temperature.
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pubmed_1100_15332
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pubmed_960_12307
|
As a model for brain inflammation we previously studied transcriptional profiles of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)treated U373 astroglioma cells. In previous work we were able to demonstrate that the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1, SCYA2, CCL2, MCAF) expression in U373 cells was inducible by TNF-alpha treatment. Demonstrably MCP-1 mRNA and protein expression in U373 cells was sustainable over time and at the highest level of all genes analyzed (Schwamborn et al., BMC Genomics 4, 46, 2003). In the hematopoietic system MCP-1 is a CC chemokine that attracts monocytes, memory T lymphocytes, and natural killer cells. In search of further functions in brain inflammation we tested the hypothesis that MCP-1 acts as a chemokine on neural stem cells. Here we report that MCP-1 activates the migration capacity of rat-derived neural stem cells. The migration of stem cells in a Boyden chamber analysis was elevated after stimulation with MCP-1. Time-lapse video microscopy visualized the migration of single stem cells from neurospheres in MCP-1-treated cultures, whereas untreated cultures depicted no migration at all, but showed signs of sprouting. Expression of the MCP-1 receptor CCR2 in neurosphere cultures was verified by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence microscopy. Supernatants from TNF-treated U373 cells also induced migration of neural stem cells.
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10.1078/0171-9335-00403
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pubmed_172_12403
|
We reviewed the charts of 59 pediatric and adult patients hospitalized because of animal bites (46 dog bites, 10 cat bites, 3 monkey bites). The bites of 40 of the 59 patients were infected at the time of admission. Gram-stained specimens correctly predicted the infecting bacteria in only 5 of 20 cases. Eighty-three percent of the bacterial isolates were penicillin-susceptible. Before admission 14 patients had received outpatient antibiotic prophylaxis and the infections in 11 of these 14 patients were caused by bacteria susceptible to the prophylactic antibiotic. Complications were more common if antimicrobial therapy had not been altered according to susceptibility testing results. Of the 59 patients 19 were admitted immediately after being bitten because of severe uninfected bites. Of these 19 patients 18 received prophylactic antibiotics and none developed a serious complication.
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10.1097/00006454-198701000-00007
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pubmed_174_15156
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The ultrastructure of 10 lepromatous lesions in the face and the palatal mucosa after different duration and length of treatment was studied. Biopsies taken from patients who showed erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) revealed different ultrastructural characteristics from those taken from 'burnt out' and non-medicated cases. Multiple secondary lysosomes were rarely seen in non-ENL cases. The presence of Mycobacterium leprae and an increased lysosomal activity in ENL reactive cases is interpreted as a reaction to the lysis of the cytoplasmic matrix of M. leprae; however, drug-specific (diaminodiphenylsulphone) reactions must also be considered.
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10.1016/s0300-9785(85)80011-9
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pubmed_15_19031
|
BACKGROUND
Research focusing on the role of APOE in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been largely inconclusive, creating a broad discrepancy in association studies.
OBJECTIVE
To elucidate the role of APOE alleles in PD risk by studying a large sample size and controlling for population substructure.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
In total, 3465 case and control samples were genotyped, obtained from the NINDS Neurogenetics repository.
RESULTS
No significant differences in ε4 dosages exist between PD cases and controls. The frequency of ε4 carriers differed slightly between cases and controls at 24% (580/2412) and 26% (270/1053), respectively. Likewise, mean dosages of APOE ε2 were not significantly different between cases and controls. APOE ε2 carriers were observed at a frequency of 13.6% (329/2412) among cases and 15% (158/1053) among controls. Logistic regression models evaluating PD as possibly associated with ε4 or ε2 carrier status and allele dosages yielded no significant results. The mean MMSE score among all PD cases was 28.35 (SD = 2.58) and memory loss was reported in only 11.9% (105/879) of cases. Linear regression models comparing MMSE scores as predicted by ε4 or ε2 carrier status and allele dosages were not significant.
CONCLUSIONS
There is no association between APOE epsilon alleles and Parkinson's disease.
|
10.1016/j.nbd.2012.02.002
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pubmed_217_23119
|
PURPOSE
Assessing two technology-based programs for reducing toe walking and breaks during walking of two men with multiple disabilities, respectively.
METHOD
The men were involved in separate single-case studies, each of which was carried out according to an ABAB design. The technology included a microprocessor with specific software, optic sensors, and visual plus vibrotactile or auditory systems for presenting preferred stimuli. In Study I, the man received 1 s of preferred flickering lights and vibratory input for each step performed with the heel of the left foot touching the ground or coming close to it (i.e. within a 2-mm distance). In Study II, the other man received 10 s of preferred music anytime he crossed one of the small marks present along the travel routes.
RESULTS
The B phases showed that (a) the man included in Study I increased the percentages of left- and right-foot steps performed with the heels touching or nearing the ground to above 85% and 70%, respectively, and (b) the man included in Study II walked with very few breaks.
CONCLUSION
Technology-based programs can be highly effective in helping persons with multiple disabilities improve their walking behavior.
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10.3109/17483107.2012.678030
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pubmed_95_178
|
C'BP-1, a protein that binds to the MRE-c' region (-135 to -110) of the mouse metallothionein-I (MT-I) gene in metal-independent manner, was purified from rat liver nuclear extract by ion exchange and affinity chromatography. Analysis by SDS-PAGE, UV cross-linking, and glycerol gradient sedimentation, taken together, showed that C'BP-1 is a dimer of the 34-kDa polypeptides. Affinity-purified C'BP-1 could significantly stimulate transcription from mouse MT-I gene promoter. DNase I footprinting with the purified protein identified two binding sites for C'BP-1 located at positions -135 to -100 and -210 to -175 with respect to the start site of MT-I gene transcription. Both C'BP-1 binding sequences were found to contain imperfect dyad of the CCAAT homology. C'BP-1 was shown to make critical contacts with the CCAAT homology by methylation interference analysis and competition electrophoretic mobility shift assay with mutants harboring alterations in the CCAAT homology. An antibody that specifically recognizes C/EBP delta partially supershifted C'BP-1/MRE-c' complex, suggesting that C'BP-1 is identical to C/EBP delta or is closely related to C/EBP delta.
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10.1006/abbi.1997.9976
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pubmed_234_18362
|
Opposing viewpoints exist regarding how Ag dose and affinity modulate Th1/Th2 differentiation, with data suggesting that both high and low level stimulation favors Th2 responses. With transgenic T cells bearing a single TCR, we present novel data, using peptides differing in affinity for the TCR, that show that the time period of differentiation can determine whether Th1 or Th2 responses predominate as the level of initial stimulation is altered. Over the short term, IFN-gamma-producing cells were induced by lower levels of stimulation than IL-4-producing cells, although optimal induction of both was seen with the same high level of stimulation. Over the long term, however, high doses of high affinity peptides led selectively to IFN-gamma-secreting cells, whereas IL-4- and IL-5-secreting cells predominated with lower levels of initial signaling, brought about by moderate doses of high affinity peptides. In contrast, too low a level of stimulation at the naive T cell stage, with low affinity peptides at any concentration, promoted only IL-2-secreting effectors or was not sufficient for long term T cell survival. These results demonstrate that the level of signaling achieved through the TCR is intimately associated with the induction of distinct cytokine-secreting T cells. We show that dose, affinity, time over which differentiation occurs, and initial production of IL-4 and IFN-gamma all can contribute to which T cell subset will predominate. Furthermore, these data reconcile the two opposing views on the effects of dose and affinity and provide a unifying model of Th1/Th2 differentiation based on strength of signaling and length of response.
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pubmed_234_18362
|
pubmed_1043_2579
|
1. Male and female rats with histories of up to twenty generations of protein malnutrition were found to be at a higher risk for the development of ulcerative dermatitis than rats maintained on a low-protein diet for one generation or in controls on an adequate-protein intake. 2. In all groups, female rats were more likely to have dermatitis than male rats. 3. Bacteriologic examination was performed in the intergenerationally malnourished and control animals; Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the skins of animals in both groups, whether or not any lesion was present. In these two groups of animals, experimental inoculation with S. aureus produced dermatitis only in the malnourished animals.
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10.1079/bjn19790076
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pubmed_154_7061
|
High blood pressure is a predictor of cardiovascular disease. Hence, genes contributing to essential hypertension may play a role in the etiology of cardiovascular disease. For this reason, we examined the association between the alpha-adducin (ADD1) G460W and G-protein beta3 subunit (GNB3) 825C>T polymorphisms and the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) in non-Hispanic whites from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. PAD prevalence was defined by an ankle-brachial index, ie, the ratio of ankle systolic blood pressure to brachial artery systolic blood pressure, of </=0.90 for men and </=0.85 for women. CHD incidence was determined by following the ARIC cohort for a median of 5.3 years for potential coronary events. Stratified random samples of the ARIC cohort (n=703 and n=684) were used, respectively, as the comparison groups for the PAD (n=144) and incident CHD (n=408) cases. The GNB3 825T allele and the ADD1 460W allele were not significantly associated with prevalence of PAD or incidence of CHD. However, a test of the interaction between hypertension status and the ADD1 G460W polymorphism indicated that further evaluation of the ADD1 polymorphism in only hypertensive individuals was warranted. The ADD1 460W allele was significantly associated with PAD (odds ratio [OR]: 2.61, 95% CI, 1.27-5.37, P=0.01) and CHD (hazard rate ratio [HRR]: 2.30, 95% CI, 1.20-4.42, P=0.01) in hypertensive individuals after adjustment for multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors. An interaction with hypertension in the association between the ADD1 G460W polymorphism and cardiovascular disease merits further testing in additional populations.
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10.1161/01.hyp.0000019128.94483.3a
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pubmed_328_13361
|
INTRODUCTION
Prospective memory (PM) refers to remembering to execute a planned intention in the future. It can be divided into event- and time-based, according to the nature of the PM cue. Event-based PM cues can be classified as focal or non-focal. Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) have been found to be impaired in both event- and time-based PM. PM has been found to be improved by implementation intentions, which is an encoding strategy in the format of "if X then Y". This study examined the effect of implementation intentions on a non-focal event-based and a time-based PM task in patients with SCZ.
METHODS
Forty-two patients with SCZ and 42 healthy controls were allocated to either an implementation intention or a control PM instruction condition and were asked to complete two PM tasks.
RESULTS
Implementation intentions was found to improve performance in both the non-focal event-based and time-based PM tasks in patients with SCZ and healthy controls, with no costs to the ongoing task. The improvement in time-based PM performance in the implementation intentions condition was partially mediated by the frequency of clock checking behaviour.
CONCLUSIONS
Implementation intentions can facilitate PM performance in patients with SCZ and has the potential to be used as a clinical intervention tool.
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10.1080/13546805.2018.1528143
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pubmed_1005_14413
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Animal studies demonstrate that the resection of bypassed bowel reduces liver damage and stimulates mucosal hyperplasia in remaining intact bowel. These findings may explain the beneficial effect on liver function of jejunal loop inter-position in bypassed patients with liver disease.
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10.1111/j.1753-4887.1982.tb05264.x
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pubmed_463_17203
|
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
We describe an investigation of an incident of failed sterilization procedure in a dental clinic. We aim to illustrate the principles in performing such investigations and to highlight some of the important checkpoints in sterilization procedures.
METHODS
In response to this incident, proper sterilization of all equipment was performed immediately. On-site investigation was conducted by the investigation panel to identify the cause and risks, to coordinate post-exposure management in affected patients, and to make recommendations to prevent similar occurrence of such incidents in the future.
RESULTS
The incident was due to a rare lapse of monitoring during the autoclaving cycle. A total of 127 sources and 250 exposed patients were identified within 24 hours of the discovery of the incident for risk assessment and testing for blood-borne viruses, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A protocol was devised to manage the exposed patients against HBV, HCV, and HIV. Immunization and hyperimmune globulin for hepatitis B, and tetanus toxoids were given to the exposed patients where indicated. Exposed patients were followed-up for 6 months. We came to the decision that dating of instrument packages and signed documentation of each autoclave printout, color change of chemical indicators of each load and daily autoclave performance should be made mandatory with immediate effect.
CONCLUSION
Rapid response is extremely crucial in minimizing the impact of this incident and relieving the anxiety of the affected patients. Proper recording and documentation of autoclave cycles and regular auditing should be enforced to prevent similar incidents.
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pubmed_463_17203
|
pubmed_597_91
|
PURPOSE
A number of clinical decision tools for osteoporosis risk assessment have been developed to select postmenopausal women for the measurement of bone mineral density. We developed and validated machine learning models with the aim of more accurately identifying the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women compared to the ability of conventional clinical decision tools.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We collected medical records from Korean postmenopausal women based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. The training data set was used to construct models based on popular machine learning algorithms such as support vector machines (SVM), random forests, artificial neural networks (ANN), and logistic regression (LR) based on simple surveys. The machine learning models were compared to four conventional clinical decision tools: osteoporosis self-assessment tool (OST), osteoporosis risk assessment instrument (ORAI), simple calculated osteoporosis risk estimation (SCORE), and osteoporosis index of risk (OSIRIS).
RESULTS
SVM had significantly better area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic than ANN, LR, OST, ORAI, SCORE, and OSIRIS for the training set. SVM predicted osteoporosis risk with an AUC of 0.827, accuracy of 76.7%, sensitivity of 77.8%, and specificity of 76.0% at total hip, femoral neck, or lumbar spine for the testing set. The significant factors selected by SVM were age, height, weight, body mass index, duration of menopause, duration of breast feeding, estrogen therapy, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, osteoarthritis, and diabetes mellitus.
CONCLUSION
Considering various predictors associated with low bone density, the machine learning methods may be effective tools for identifying postmenopausal women at high risk for osteoporosis.
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10.3349/ymj.2013.54.6.1321
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pubmed_228_523
|
Pertussis in unvaccinated infants can run a severe course and is often accompanied by complications. In this pilot study, we studied whether there is an association between pertussis hospitalisation in infancy and, respiratory symptoms, growth and cognitive development in early childhood. A group of 89 children aged 13-45 months and hospitalised for laboratory confirmed pertussis within the first six months of their life were compared with 172 children without a history of pertussis. Risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the association between health outcomes and pertussis in infancy were calculated. Weight-for-length and length-for-age z-scores were calculated to investigate growth. Van Wiechen scores were compared to study cognitive development. Children with a history of pertussis in infancy had a greater chance on "asthma symptoms" (RR 2.8 95%CI 1.1-7.0) on toddler age and were more likely to report "respiratory infections" (RR 3.3 95%CI 1.6-6.6). In addition, children with a history of pertussis in infancy had significantly lower weight-for-height in the first 40 months of life. No significant differences in cognitive development were found. We found an association between severe pertussis in infancy and respiratory symptoms on toddler age. The mechanisms that may underlie this association require further investigation.
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10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.08.112
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pubmed_13_6338
|
Semiochemicals are chemical compounds that are released by many species as a means of intra- and interspecific communication. Insects have extremely advanced olfactory systems; indeed, they rely on smell when performing many of their main behaviors, such as oviposition, breeding, prey location, and defense. This characteristic of insects implies that semiochemicals could be used for various applications, including in agriculture, where they could be employed along with other tools to control pest insects. The aim of this review is to present the main techniques used and the state of the art in the detection of semiochemicals, focusing on pheromones. In addition to the traditional methods of identifying semiochemicals, such as gas chromatography coupled to a high-resolution detection mode (e.g., flame ionization (FID), electron capture (ECD), photoionization (PID), or mass spectrometry (MS)), other tools are addressed in this review, including sensors and biosensors. While these new technologies may be used under laboratory conditions to improve or complement technologies that are already being used, they are mainly intended for use as new agricultural tools for detecting and controlling pest insects in the field.
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10.1007/s00216-018-1118-3
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pubmed_580_8505
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Natural rubber (cis-1,4-polyisoprene) is a secondary metabolite produced in the laticiferous tissue of Hevea tree. Mevalonate synthesis, which is the first step in isoprenoid biosynthesis, is catalyzed by the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarylcoenzyme A reductase 1 (hmgr1). We have cloned and characterized a full-length cDNA as well as genomic DNA for hmgr1 gene from an elite Indian rubber clone (RRII 105). The nucleotide sequence of the genomic clone comprises 4 exons and 3 introns, giving a total length of 2440 bp. The sequences of 42 bp 5' UTR and 69 bp of the 3' UTR were also determined. The hmgr1 cDNA contained an open reading frame of 1838 bp coding for 575 amino acid protein with a theoretical pI value of 6.6 and the calculated protein M W was 61.6 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence showed high identity with other plant hmgr1 sequences. The amino acid sequence of the Hevea hmgr1 revealed several motifs which are highly conserved and common to the other plant species. These sequence conservations suggest a strong evolutionary pressure to maintain amino acid residues at specific positions, indicating that the conserved motifs might play important roles in the structural and/or catalytic properties of the enzyme. Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from Hevea probed with a genomic fragment indicated that there were at least three isoforms of hmgr in Hevea. This result reveals that hmgr1 is one of the members of a small gene family. (Northern blot analysis showed that hmgr1 mRNA transcripts were noticed in all tissues - latex, leaf, immature leaf, and seedlings), however, the abundance of transcript level was higher in latex cells. As one step towards a better understanding of the role that this enzyme plays in coordinating isoprenoid biosynthesis in plants, hmgr1 cDNA was over expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Transgenic plants were morphologically distinguishable from control wild-type plants and an increased expression level of hmgr1 mRNA was detected. These data suggest that hmgr1 gene expression is playing an important role in isoprenoid biosynthesis.
|
10.1007/s12298-009-0015-9
|
pubmed_716_4971
|
BACKGROUND
While emergent, non-cardiac surgery can be safely performed in LVAD patients, the inherent perioperative challenges of these rare procedures and the perception that these patients may be poor surgical candidates can contribute to reluctance to perform necessary emergency general surgery (EGS) procedures. We, therefore, sought to identify predictors of inpatient mortality to assist perioperative decision-making.
METHODS
The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2010-2015Q3) was used to identify patients with previously placed LVADs with a subsequent EGS admission diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of 30-day mortality, and a risk-adjusted probability of death was calculated for significant patient subgroups across age. Additional demographic variables were included in the regression due to clinical relevance.
RESULTS
There were 1805 (weighted) LVAD-EGS patients with an overall mortality rate of 11%. Independent predictors of mortality were intestinal ischemia and sepsis present on admission. Patients older than 70 with sepsis had an 80% probability of in-hospital mortality (10.6 OR, 1.70-65.5 95% CI) while those over 70 presenting with intestinal ischemia had a 38% probability of death (3.6 OR, 1.50-8.78 95% CI). Mortality risk for younger patients with sepsis was still approximately 50%.
CONCLUSION
Older LVAD patients presenting with either sepsis or intestinal ischemia have a substantial mortality risk while younger patients have a modest risk. These results can be used to guide treatment discussions when emergency surgery is being considered in LVAD patients.
|
10.1016/j.amjsurg.2022.10.031
|
pubmed_524_969
|
Neuroblastoma is a highly metastatic tumor that emerges from neural crest cell progenitors. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is a regulator of cell migration that binds to the receptor Neogenin-1 and is upregulated in neuroblastoma. Here, we show that Netrin-1 ligand binding to Neogenin-1 leads to FAK autophosphorylation and integrin β1 activation in a FAK dependent manner, thus promoting neuroblastoma cell migration. Moreover, Neogenin-1, which was detected in all tumor stages and was required for neuroblastoma cell migration, was found in a complex with integrin β1, FAK, and Netrin-1. Importantly, Neogenin-1 promoted neuroblastoma metastases in an immunodeficient mouse model. Taken together, these data show that Neogenin-1 is a metastasis-promoting protein that associates with FAK, activates integrin β1 and promotes neuroblastoma cell migration.
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10.1080/19336918.2021.1892397
|
pubmed_1090_16759
|
Performance of broiler chicks fed low protein diets supplemented with several essential amino acids (EAA) is generally inferior to that of birds fed a higher protein diet composed primarily of intact protein. Two experiments were conducted to determine whether lowering the minimum requirements of the EAA in proportion to the lowered protein concentration or equalizing the dietary amino nitrogen content by use of glutamic acid would prevent the reduction in performance. Chicks were fed the experimental diets from 7 to 21 days of age, and body weight gain, feed consumption, and feed efficiency were determined. In the first experiment, the chicks were fed diets with 23, 20, or 17% CP with minimum EAA set at 100% of the 1984 National Research Council (NRC) suggested requirements. Other groups were fed the 20% CP diet with EAA set at 93.5% or the 17% CP diet set at either 93.5 or 87.5% of the NRC requirements. In the second experiment, the 23% and 17% CP diets were fed, and glutamic acid was added at 3, 6, or 9% to provide the amino nitrogen equivalent of 23% protein with the minimum EAA set at 100% of 1984 NRC requirements. In the first experiment, body weight gain and feed efficiency, but not feed intake, were depressed by lowering CP content. Reducing the minimum EAA requirements in proportion to the reduction in CP failed to correct the difference in performance between the high and low CP diets. In Experiment 2, body weight gain and feed intake were reduced as intact CP decreased and glutamic acid increased, but feed efficiency was unaffected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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10.3382/ps.0691950
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pubmed_480_22015
|
AIMS
To explore diabetes distress in a sample of adults with type 2 diabetes, treated and not treated with insulin.
METHODS
Six focus groups were conducted with 32 adults with type 2 diabetes, divided by treatment regimen (insulin-treated N=15; 67% female; 60% black; 46% Hispanic; M age 54; M HbA1c 73mmol/mol (8.8%); non-insulin-treated N=17; 53% female; 65% black; 13% Hispanic; M age 58; M HbA1c 55mmol/mol (7.2%)). A coding team transcribed and analyzed interviews to describe themes. Themes were then compared between groups and with existing diabetes distress measures.
RESULTS
Participants in both groups described a range of sources of diabetes distress, including lack of support/understanding from others, difficulties communicating with providers, and distress from the burden of lifestyle changes. Insulin-treated participants described significant emotional distress related to the burden of their insulin regimen. They were more likely to report physical burden related to diabetes; to describe feeling depressed as a result of diabetes; and to express distress related to challenges with glycemic control. Non-insulin-treated participants were more likely to discuss the burden of comorbid medical illnesses.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data generate hypotheses for further study into the emotional burdens of diabetes for insulin-treated adults with type 2 diabetes and are in line with quantitative research documenting increased diabetes-related distress among insulin-treated individuals. Data describe needs, currently unmet by most models of care, for comprehensive assessment and tailored management of diabetes-related distress.
|
pubmed_480_22015
|
pubmed_1013_27034
|
BACKGROUND
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumor mostly occurring in children and adolescents, while chemotherapy resistance often develops and the mechanisms involved remain challenging to be fully investigated.
METHODS
Genome-wide CRISPR screening combined with transcriptomic sequencing were used to identify the critical genes of doxorubicin resistance. Analysis of clinical samples and datasets, and in vitro and in vivo experiments (including CCK-8, apoptosis, western blot, qRT-PCR and mouse models) were applied to confirm the function of these genes. The bioinformatics and IP-MS assays were utilized to further verify the downstream pathway. RGD peptide-directed and exosome-delivered siRNA were developed for the novel therapy strategy.
RESULTS
We identified that E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Rad18 (Rad18) contributed to doxorubicin-resistance in OS. Further exploration revealed that Rad18 interact with meiotic recombination 11 (MRE11) to promote the formation of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex, facilitating the activation of the homologous recombination (HR) pathway, which ultimately mediated DNA damage tolerance and leaded to a poor prognosis and chemotherapy response in patients with OS. Rad18-knockout effectively restored the chemotherapy response in vitro and in vivo. Also, RGD-exosome loading chemically modified siRad18 combined with doxorubicin, where exosome and chemical modification guaranteed the stability of siRad18 and the RGD peptide provided prominent targetability, had significantly improved antitumor activity of doxorubicin.
CONCLUSIONS
Collectively, our study identifies Rad18 as a driver of OS doxorubicin resistance that promotes the HR pathway and indicates that targeting Rad18 is an effective approach to overcome chemotherapy resistance in OS.
|
10.1186/s13046-022-02344-y
|
pubmed_586_14835
|
Sulphasalazine is a potent and selective inhibitor in vitro of prostaglandin 15-hydroxydehydrogenase in rabbit colon (ID50 = 50 micrometer) and in several other organs of different species, but does not inhibit prostaglandin delta-13 reductase or microsomal prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid. It is suggested that this action may underly the therapeutic usefulness of sulphasalazine in ulcerative colitis for the prevention of relapse.
|
10.1111/j.1476-5381.1978.tb08633.x
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pubmed_891_21095
|
Gelatin is a costless polypeptide material of natural origin, able to form hydrogels that are potentially useful in biomaterial scaffold design for drug delivery, cell cultures, and tissue engineering. However, gelatin hydrogels are unstable at physiological conditions, losing their features only after a few minutes at 37 °C. Accordingly, treatments to address this issue are of great interest. In the present work, we propose for the first time the use of bi- and trifunctional tetrazoles, most of them unknown to date, for photoinduced gelatin cross-linking towards the production of physiologically stable hydrogels. Indeed, after UV-B irradiation, aryl tetrazoles generate a nitrilimine intermediate that is reactive towards different functionalities, some of them constitutively present in the amino acid side chains of gelatin. The efficacy of the treatment strictly depends on the structure of the cross-linking agent used, and substantial improved stability was observed by switching from bifunctional to trifunctional cross-linkers.
|
10.3390/gels7030124
|
pubmed_158_979
|
The factors determining utilization of health care resources in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are poorly understood. In order to obtain insight into these factors, we studied the utilization of health care resources in 57 stable COPD patients with a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 36 +/- 9% predicted. Patients were divided into two groups: admitted at least twice in the last year (high medical consumption; n = 23) or not admitted in the last year (low medical consumption; n = 34). Other variables related to utilization of health care resources studied were; the number of hospital days; the number of out-patient visits to a pulmonary department in the last year; and the average daily dose (ADD) of corticosteroids taken in the last 6 months. The actual cost of utilization of health care resources, however, was not studied. In addition, pulmonary function, serum electrolytes, blood gas values, 6 min walking distance, respiratory and peripheral muscle force, and appraisal of self-care agency (ASA score) were studied. Pulmonary function, serum electrolytes, blood gas values, ASA score and walking distance were not different between the two groups (e.g. FEV1 36 +/- 8 vs 36 +/- 10% pred). Respiratory muscle forces tended to be lower in the high medical consumption group, this tendency almost reaching statistical significance for maximal expiratory pressure (PE,max) (p = 0.08). Peripheral muscle force, however, was clearly reduced in the high medical consumption group (quadriceps force 63 +/- 20 vs 82 +/- 26% pred; p < 0.05). The number of admissions, the number of hospital days, the number of out-patient visits, and ADD were interrelated and also related to ventilatory and peripheral muscle force (r -0.18 to -0.38). This relationship was statistically significant for PE,max, whilst a similar tendency was present for maximal inspiratory pressure (PI,max). In stepwise multiple regression analysis, only quadriceps force was a significant determinant of utilization of health care services. We conclude that utilization of health care services in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is related to ventilatory and peripheral muscle force. Whether or not reduced muscle force is simply an expression of disease severity remains to be determined.
|
10.1183/09031936.97.10020417
|
pubmed_397_19165
|
Headache occurs in a large proportion of young students. In this study we evaluated the incidence of headache in young people, examined associated factors and described the drug therapy used. A structured questionnaire was directly administered to 2700 students of secondary schools of Catanzaro. We recorded that headache symptoms started between 9 and 12 years of age. The incidence density was higher in people living in the city (84%) and in tobacco and alcohol users than non-users (p < 0.01). The most common drugs used were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. In 20% of people, this treatment induced the development of chronic headache. These data showed that morbidity from headache is often unrecognised and undertreated. Better management of headache symptoms and therapy could reduce the frequency of headache episodes, with a reduction of adverse drug reactions.
|
10.1007/s10194-005-0206-x
|
pubmed_587_1877
|
Recent studies suggest that nerve growth factor (NGF), a neurotrophic factor known to play a crucial role in neurite growth and differentiation, may also modulate vascular cell functions. In the present study, it was investigated whether NGF exhibits an angiogenic effect in a mouse model of hindlimb ischemia induced by femoral artery occlusion. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay determination revealed an enhanced endogenous NGF production (378 +/- 100 and 54 +/- 26 pg/g tissue in 7 day ischemic and normoperfused adductor muscles, respectively; P<0.05). Furthermore, exogenous NGF, administered subcutaneously for 7 days in ischemic hindlimb, induced a marked increase of arteriole length density (NGF =41 +/- 5 vs. Saline=22 +/- 4 mm/mm(3); P<0.05). However, capillaries were not significantly increased (NGF =1035 +/- 182 vs. Saline= 829 +/- 60 mm/mm(3); P>0.05). In conclusion, the present study provides first evidence that NGF exerts angiogenic properties in vivo.
|
10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00090-3
|
pubmed_424_3090
|
A broad-range 16S rRNA gene PCR assay followed by partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used for the detection of members of the family Anaplasmataceae in ticks in North Africa. A total of 418 questing Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in Tunisia and Morocco, as well as 188 Rhipicephalus ticks from dogs and 52 Hyalomma ticks from bovines in Tunisia, were included in this study. Of 324 adult I. ricinus ticks, 16.3% were positive for Ehrlichia spp., whereas only 3.4 and 2.8% of nymphs and larvae, respectively, were positive. A large heterogeneity was observed in the nucleotide sequences. Partial sequences identical to that of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) were detected in I. ricinus and Hyalomma detritum, whereas partial sequences identical to that of Anaplasma platys were detected in Rhipicephalus sanguineus. However, variants of Anaplasma, provisionally designated Anaplasma-like, were predominant in the I. ricinus tick population in Maghreb. Otherwise, two variants of the genus Ehrlichia were detected in I. ricinus and H. detritum. Surprisingly, a variant of Wolbachia pipientis was evidenced from I. ricinus in Morocco. These results emphasized the potential risk of tick bites for human and animal populations in North Africa.
|
10.1128/JCM.43.3.1127-1132.2005
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pubmed_927_10453
|
1. Photoreceptors in a superfused retina of a locust compound eye are treated with saline containing 10 mM-NaF, while their intracellular resting potential and responses are recorded using glass micropipettes.2. Treatment for two minutes with 10 mM-NaF, followed by a series of brief, bright flashes of light, results in an irreversible, noisy depolarization of approximately 10 mV. The final, stable level of depolarization is reached through the summed effect of each of the noisy, depolarizing afterpotentials that follow every response of the cell to a light flash. If kept in darkness after treatment with NaF, the noisy depolarization still develops, but more gradually, over a period of 5 min.3. The voltage noise induced by NaF mimics light-induced voltage noise when the two are compared at mean depolarizations of more than 15 mV. At very small depolarizations, however, fluoride-induced noise cannot be resolved into the large discrete events (bumps) that are typical of the response of a dark-adapted photoreceptor to a single photon.4. The complete replacement of the superfusate sodium by choline reversibly reduces the fluoride-induced noise and depolarization to the same extent as it does the light-induced noise and depolarization of an illuminated cell.5. Increasing the superfusate calcium concentration from 0.5 to 10 mM also reversibly reduces fluoride-induced noise and depolarization to the same extent as it does light-induced noise and depolarization. This action of calcium is accompanied by an increase in a cell's input resistance which opposes the reduction caused by light or fluoride treatment.6. The results confirm the proposal (Payne, 1981) that anionic metabolic inhibitors cause spontaneous activity in sodium channels that are normally opened by light. A model is proposed in which fluoride acts by blocking the inactivation of a late stage in the transduction mechanism.
|
10.1113/jphysiol.1982.sp014149
|
pubmed_626_13296
|
The new highly sensitive test system "DS-EIA-HBsAg-0.01" (Priority Certificate No. 2006129019 of August 10, 2006) in detecting hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was assessed. The sensitivity of the test was estimated using the federal standards sample HBsAg 42-28-311-06, panels' samples Boston Biomedica Inc. (West Bridgewater, Mass, USA) and ZeptoMetrix Corp. (Buffalo, NY, USA). The findings have indicated that "DS-EIA-HBsAg-0.01" is equally effective in detecting different subtypes of HBsAg during a seroconversion period earlier than alternative assays. Along with its high analytical and diagnostic sensitivity, the system shows a high diagnostic specificity.
|
pubmed_626_13296
|
pubmed_337_3711
|
Vitamin D, an inactive secosteroid pro-hormone, is produced by the action of ultraviolet light on 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin. The active hormone, 1,25(OH)2D is produced by sequential 25-hydroxylation in the liver, principally by CYP2R1, and 1α-hydroxylation in the kidney by CYP27B1. Mutations in CYP27B1 cause 1α-hydroxylase deficiency, also known as vitamin D dependent rickets type I or hereditary pseudo-vitamin D deficient rickets; very rare mutations in CYP2R1 can cause 25-hydroxylase deficiency. Both deficiencies cause hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, severe rickets in infancy, and low serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D; both disorders respond to hormonal replacement therapy with calcitriol. The inactivation of vitamin D is principally initiated by its 23- and 24-hydroxylation by CYP24A1. Mutations in CYP24A1 can cause both severe neonatal hypercalcemia and a less severe adult hypercalcemic syndrome. Other pathways of vitamin D metabolism are under investigation, notably its 20-hydroxylation by the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, CYP11A1.
|
10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.04.001
|
pubmed_1042_4367
|
Circulating adipokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been linked to breast cancer risk in observational epidemiological studies. The causal nature of these associations is unclear because of the susceptibility of conventional observational designs to residual confounding, reverse causation and other forms of bias. Mendelian randomisation (MR) uses genetic variants as proxies for risk factors to strengthen causal inference in observational settings. We performed a MR analysis to evaluate the causal relevance of six previously reported circulating adipokines [adiponectin, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), interleukin-6, leptin receptor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and resistin] and CRP in risk of overall and oestrogen receptor-stratified breast cancer in up to 122,977 cases and 105,974 controls of European ancestry. Genetic instruments were constructed from single-nucleotide polymorphisms robustly (p < 5 × 10-8 ) associated with risk factors in genome-wide association studies. Colocalisation was performed as a sensitivity analysis to examine whether findings reflected shared causal variants or genomic confounding. In MR analyses, there was evidence for an association of HGF with oestrogen receptor-negative cancer (odds ratio per standard deviation increase: 1.17, 95% confidence interval: 1.01-1.35; p = 0.035) but little evidence for associations of other adipokines or CRP with overall or oestrogen receptor-stratified breast cancer. Colocalisation analysis suggested that the association of HGF with oestrogen receptor-negative breast cancer was unlikely to reflect a causal association. Collectively, these findings do not support an important aetiological role of various adipokines or CRP in overall or oestrogen receptor-specific breast cancer risk.
|
10.1002/ijc.32947
|
pubmed_281_2812
|
Background
Work related musculoskeletal disorders' (WMSDs) are the most important public health challenge among dental staff. The objective of study was to ascertain the prevalence and risk factors for work related musculoskeletal disorder among dental staff in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
Methods
It is a cross sectional study and 130 dental staff with at least 1 year of working experience were random selected from Armed Forced Hospital. The self-administered validated and structured Standardized Nordic questionnaire was used. Logistic regression analysis was done to determine the association of risk factors with WMSD.
Results
the results of the present study revealed that there was a high incidence of MSDs in neck, shoulder, and lower back pain among dental personnel (72.6%). The common risk factors which contributed to WMSD were more than 5 year of experience (AOR 1.19(1.03-2.82)), Saudi nationality (AOR 4.88 (1.27 - 18.72)), working more than 12 hours (AOR 3.115 (1.258 7.578)) and resident doctors (AOR 1.14 (1.02 - 1.94)).
Conclusion
The study conclude work related MSD were common with high rate of incidence among dental staff . There is need to make a policy which will reduce the burden of WMSD among dental staff.
|
10.4314/ahs.v22i2.69
|
pubmed_186_4833
|
The Fontan connection, originally described in 1971, is used to provide palliation for patients with many forms of CHDs that cannot support a biventricular circulation. An increasing number of females who have undergone these connections in childhood are now surviving into adulthood and some are becoming pregnant. We report a case of a 29-year-old woman who presented with a twin pregnancy at 33 weeks of gestation. She had significant deterioration of her cardiovascular status before the twin babies were delivered by emergency caesarean section owing to associated obstetric complications. This report also highlights the various maternal and fetal complications occurring in pregnancy of Fontan-palliated patients and suggests the need for meticulous pre-conception counselling and strict perinatal care.
|
10.1017/S1047951116000561
|
pubmed_28_14166
|
The electro-oxidation of tetracycline (TeC) in methanol medium containing chloride or sulfate ions was evaluated using a DSA®-Cl2 in a flow reactor and compared with BDD. The results show that after 30 min of electrolysis no TeC is detected by liquid chromatography when chloride is used as supporting electrolyte. On the other hand, after 90 min of electrolysis using a BDD anode only 61% of TeC was removed from solutions with chloride, but in the presence of sulfate the removal reaches 94%. This evidences that the oxidizing species generated during electrochemical oxidation control the process and the mechanism of degradation of the TeC. Besides that, it was possible to infer that only a small amount of methanol might convert to formaldehyde or formic acid, although they were not detected according to the nil changes in the FTIR spectra or in the HPLC chromatograms recorded.
|
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129696
|
pubmed_745_9191
|
A new generation of heteroatom analogs of arachidonic acid are documented as powerful and selective inhibitors of the cytochrome P-450-dependent arachidonic acid oxygenase reaction (IC50, 5-10 microM) with little effect on either cyclooxygenase or soybean lipoxidase at 100 microM. The imidazole derivatives, ketoconazole and clotrimazole, are potent and selective inhibitors of the arachidonic acid epoxygenase and lipoxidase-like activities of phenobarbital-induced rat liver microsomal fractions (IC50, 2.0 and 0.3 microM, respectively). In contrast, the w/w-1 oxygenase activity of ciprofibrate-induced microsomal fractions was relatively resistant to inhibition by these compounds (IC50, 50 and 25 microM for ketoconazole and clotrimazole, respectively). Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), eicosatetraynoic acid (ETYA), and indomethacin, extensively utilized inhibitors of the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase branches of the arachidonate cascade, also inhibit cytochrome P-450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolism. In decreasing order of potency, they were NDGA, ETYA, and indomethacin (IC50, 15, 40, and 70 microM, respectively).
|
10.1016/0003-9861(88)90340-2
|
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