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pubmed_165_19570
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1. To study the role of cytochrome P4502C10 in the metabolism of the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) diclofenac, phenylbutazone, fenoprofen, ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, ketoprofen and naproxen, a cell line was developed stably expressing CYP2C10 cDNA. A retroviral vector construct, containing a human CYP2C10 cDNA, was transfected in V79-NH Chinese hamster lung cells by calcium phosphate co-precipitation. Sublines stably expressing human cytochrome P450 cDNA were established by selection with the neomycin analogue G418. 2. Enzymatic activity of CYP2C10 was detected by 4-methylhydroxylation of tolbutamide. This activity was inhibited to background levels by preincubation with the CYP2C9/10 inhibitor sulphaphenazole. 3. Preincubations with the NSAIDs ketoprofen, phenylbutazone, flurbiprofen and diclofenac (all 250 microM) caused a decrease in 4-methylhydroxylation of tolbutamide (500 microM), significantly different from control values (p < 0.05). Inhibition of this activity was not seen in preincubations with the NSAIDs fenoprofen, ibuprofen and naproxen (250 microM). 4. The V79-NH CYP2C10 cell line we have developed has been shown to be a useful tool to predict drug-drug interactions.
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10.3109/00498259609047227
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pubmed_112_2873
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In a randomized, controlled trial of recombinant interferon alfa-2b with or without prednisone priming in Chinese adults with chronic hepatitis B virus infection, stratified randomization for pretreatment serum alanine aminotransferase levels was done. Partial or complete antiviral responses were achieved in 17 (21.5%) of 79 treated patients and 3 (8.3%) of 36 controls (P = 0.14). The response to interferon treatment was significantly better in those who had elevated pretreatment transaminase levels and comparable to that reported in white patients [15 (38.5%) of 39 patients compared with 2 (5%) of 40 who had normal pretreatment transaminase levels (P = 0.0005)]. The spontaneous seroconversion rate was also higher among the controls with elevated transaminase levels [3 (18.8%) of 16 compared with 0 of 20 with normal transaminase levels], but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.16). Among the interferon-treated patients, prednisone priming appeared to have a marginal benefit over treatment with interferon alone in patients with elevated transaminase levels (43% vs. 33%), but not in those with normal transaminase levels (0% vs. 9.5%). It was confirmed that Chinese patients with normal transaminase levels respond very poorly to interferon alfa therapy. However, the response was significantly better in patients with elevated transaminase levels.
|
10.1016/0016-5085(92)90337-x
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pubmed_417_951
|
Data on malaria incidence and prevalence as well as on abundance of anopheline species collected in Jairampur, Arunachal Pradesh, show that P. falciparum contributed 27.59% of the total positive cases, most of these being recorded during July to September. Of the twelve anopheline species recorded, Anopheles maculatus was the most predominant comprising 54.32% of the total collection. Other common species were An. peditaeniatus, An. philippinensis and An. kochi in order of decreasing proportion. An. dirus, the known vector, was collected in the whole-night human bait catches (indoor) but in low numbers. An. philippinensis is implicated as another potential vector, and changes in anopheline/vector fauna are attributed to ecological succession.
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pubmed_417_951
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pubmed_248_22564
|
We have developed an approach to generate micropatterns of anisotropic organic materials which exploits the self-organization, driven by pi-stacking and hydrophobic interactions, of an ionic perylenebis(dicarboximide) in aqueous solutions.
|
10.1039/b508220j
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pubmed_630_17745
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Simulation of anatomically complex procedures, such as angiography, is becoming more practical, however, computer-based modules require extensive research to assess their effectiveness. We organized two training schemas - alternating cases and consistent cases - and hypothesized that the alternating practice cases would be beneficial to test performance. Eight residents (4 radiology/4 neurosurgery) and 8 anatomy graduate students were trained on the Simbionix™ simulator in order to assess skill acquisition in diagnostic cerebral angiography over 8 sessions. We found that participants improve on total procedure time and total fluoroscopy time (p<0.05), but not on contrast injected or roadmaps created. There were no significant differences between alternating and consistent training types. Additional work needs to be done with higher sample numbers and visuospatial scores as criteria.
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pubmed_630_17745
|
pubmed_327_20082
|
Several techniques have been developed and clinically applied to reduce the spinal cord ischemia complications that follow thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAA) repair. Hypothermia as a protective adjunct is a concept that has been used throughout the evolution of cardiac and central aortic surgery. Because experimental regional hypothermic perfusion delivered directly to the epidural or intrathecal space showed protective effects against cord injury, we developed and applied a method for providing regional cord hypothermia with epidural cooling during TAA repair. This review describes the technical considerations with epidural cooling and the clinical results obtained in our experience.
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pubmed_327_20082
|
pubmed_524_15097
|
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading around the globe since December 2019. There is an urgent need to develop sensitive and online methods for on-site diagnosing and monitoring of suspected COVID-19 patients. With the huge development of Internet of Things (IoT), the impact of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) provides an impressive solution to this problem. In this paper, we proposed a 5G-enabled fluorescence sensor for quantitative detection of spike protein and nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 by using mesoporous silica encapsulated up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs@mSiO2) labeled lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). The sensor can detect spike protein (SP) with a detection of limit (LOD) 1.6 ng/mL and nucleocapsid protein (NP) with an LOD of 2.2 ng/mL. The feasibility of the sensor in clinical use was further demonstrated by utilizing virus culture as real clinical samples. Moreover, the proposed fluorescence sensor is IoMT enabled, which is accessible to edge hardware devices (personal computers, 5G smartphones, IPTV, etc.) through Bluetooth. Medical data can be transmitted to the fog layer of the network and 5G cloud server with ultra-low latency and high reliably for edge computing and big data analysis. Furthermore, a COVID-19 monitoring module working with the proposed the system is developed on a smartphone application (App), which endows patients and their families to record their medical data and daily conditions remotely, releasing the burdens of going to central hospitals. We believe that the proposed system will be highly practical in the future treatment and prevention of COVID-19 and other mass infectious diseases.
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10.1016/j.bios.2021.113160
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pubmed_651_6886
|
It has been shown previously, by sequence analysis of the S RNA segment of snowshoe hare (SSH) bunyavirus, that two overlapping open reading frames in the viral complementary sequence code for proteins with molecular weights of 26.8 X 10(3) and 10.5 X 10(3) respectively. In addition to the viral nucleocapsid (N) protein, which is coded by the S RNA, analyses of parental and reassortant bunyavirus-infected cell extracts have shown that the viral S RNA and M RNA species each code for non-structural proteins (NSS and NSM, respectively). In the present report, in vitro translation analyses of the S mRNA species recovered from virus-infected cells indicate that a single size class of mRNA directs the synthesis of N and NSS. Compositional analyses of selected tryptic peptides of N and NSS have provided proof that N is the product of the first open reading frame, and NSS the product of the second.
|
10.1099/0022-1317-64-8-1705
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pubmed_982_11136
|
Cell-surface tissue factor (TF) binds the serine protease factor VIIa to activate coagulation or, alternatively, to trigger signaling through the G protein-coupled, protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) relevant to inflammation and angiogenesis. Here we demonstrate that TF.VIIa-mediated coagulation and cell signaling involve distinct cellular pools of TF. The surface-accessible, extracellular Cys186-Cys209 disulfide bond of TF is critical for coagulation, and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) disables coagulation by targeting this disulfide. A TF mutant (TF C209A) with an unpaired Cys186 retains TF.VIIa signaling activity, and it has reduced affinity for VIIa, a characteristic of signaling TF on cells with constitutive TF expression. We further show that PDI suppresses TF coagulant activity in a nitric oxide-dependent pathway, linking the regulation of TF thrombogenicity to oxidative stress in the vasculature. Furthermore, a unique monoclonal antibody recognizes only the noncoagulant, cryptic conformation of TF. This antibody inhibits formation of the TF.PAR2 complex and TF.VIIa signaling, but it does not prevent coagulation activation. These experiments delineate an upstream regulatory mechanism that controls TF function, and they provide initial evidence that TF.VIIa signaling can be specifically inhibited with minimal effects on coagulation.
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10.1073/pnas.0606411103
|
pubmed_214_24857
|
BACKGROUND
Worsening of the overdose crisis in the USA has been linked to the continuing proliferation of non-pharmaceutical fentanyl (NPF). The recent wave of NPF spread in the USA has been fueled by an increased presence of counterfeit pills that contain NPF. This qualitative study aims to characterize the motivation and practices of counterfeit NPF pill initiation and use among individuals using illicit opioids in Arizona.
METHODS
Between October 2020 and May 2021, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 individuals meeting the following eligibility criteria: (1) 18 years or older; (2) residence in Arizona; and (3) use of illicit opioids in the past 30 days and/or opioid use disorder treatment in the past 12 months. Participants were recruited through referrals by a harm reduction organization, craigslist ads, and referrals by other participants. Interviews were conducted virtually via Zoom. Qualitative interviews were transcribed and analyzed thematically using NVivo.
RESULTS
Out of 22 participants, 64% were male, and 45% were ethnic minorities. Age ranged between 25 and 51 years old. Participants noted significant recent increases in the availability of counterfeit NPF pills ("blues," "dirty oxys") that were most commonly used by smoking. The majority indicated first trying NPF pills in the past year, and the first use often occurred in situations of reduced access to heroin or pharmaceutical opioids. Participant decisions to switch over to more frequent NPF pill use or to maintain some levels of heroin use were shaped by local drug availability trends and personal experiences with NPF effects. They were also influenced by conflicting views of social acceptability of pharmaceutical-like drugs, perceived harms of NPF in terms of overdose risks and increased difficulty of quitting, and perceived benefits of switching to the non-injection route of opioid administration (e.g., from injecting heroin to smoking NPF pills).
CONCLUSION
Our findings highlight the need for the implementation of novel policy, treatment, and harm reduction approaches to address the growing unpredictability of drug supply and NPF pill-specific risks, attitudes, and behaviors.
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10.1186/s12954-022-00634-4
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pubmed_880_18288
|
The International Placenta Stem Cell Society (IPLASS) was founded in June 2010. Its goal is to serve as a network for advancing research and clinical applications of stem/progenitor cells isolated from human term placental tissues, including the amnio-chorionic fetal membranes and Wharton's jelly. The commitment of the Society to champion placenta as a stem cell source was realized with the inaugural meeting of IPLASS held in Brescia, Italy, in October 2010. Officially designated as an EMBO-endorsed scientific activity, international experts in the field gathered for a 3-day meeting, which commenced with "Meet with the experts" sessions, IPLASS member and board meetings, and welcome remarks by Dr. Ornella Parolini, President of IPLASS. The evening's highlight was a keynote plenary lecture by Dr. Diana Bianchi. The subsequent scientific program consisted of morning and afternoon oral and poster presentations, followed by social events. Both provided many opportunities for intellectual exchange among the 120 multi-national participants. This allowed a methodical and deliberate evaluation of the status of placental cells in research in regenerative and reparative medicine. The meeting concluded with Dr. Parolini summarizing the meeting's highlights. This further prepared the fertile ground on which to build the promising potential of placental cell research. The second IPLASS meeting will take place in September 2012 in Vienna, Austria. This meeting report summarizes the thought-provoking lectures delivered at the first meeting of IPLASS.
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10.1016/j.placenta.2011.04.017
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pubmed_182_7238
|
PURPOSE
The purpose of this work was to noninvasively detect and quantify microvascular blood flow changes in response to externally applied pain in humans. The responsiveness of the microvasculature to pain stimulation might serve as an objective biomarker in diseases associated with altered pain perception and dysregulated vascular functions. The availability of such a biomarker may be useful as a tool for predicting outcome and response to treatments, particularly in diseases like sickle cell anemia where clinical manifestations are directly linked to microvascular perfusion. We, therefore, developed a method to distinguish the blood flow response due to the test stimulus from the blood flow measurement that also includes concurrent flow changes from unknown origins.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
We measured the microvascular blood flow response in 24 healthy subjects in response to a train of randomly spaced and scaled heat pulses on the anterior forearm. The fingertip microvascular perfusion was measured using laser Doppler flowmetry. The cross-correlation between the heat pulses and the blood flow response was computed and tested for significance against the null distribution obtained from the baseline recording using bootstrapping method.
RESULTS
We estimated correlation coefficients, response time, response significance, and the magnitude of vasoreactivity from microvascular blood flow responses. Based on these pain response indices, we identified strong responders and subjects who did not show significant responses.
CONCLUSION
The cross-correlation of a random pattern of painful stimuli with directly measured microvascular flow can detect vasoconstriction responses in a noisy blood flow signal, determine the time between stimulus and response, and quantify the magnitude of this response. This approach provided an objective measurement of vascular response to pain that may be an inherent characteristic of individual human subjects, and may also be related to the severity of vascular disorders.
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10.2147/JPR.S142582
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pubmed_438_7373
|
The equations governing the evolution of rf-driven sheaths are solved analytically in the regime where the rf frequency is small compared to both the ionic plasma frequency and the ion transit time in the sheaths. Poincaré's map of first return is used to gain geometric insight into the dynamics of the circuit-sheath system. The requirements of minimizing wall bombardment while maximizing the efficiency of the coupling to the substrate sheath are shown to lead to an optimum value for the blocking capacitance in asymmetric discharges. This optimum value is also favorable for rapid relaxation to the steady state in pulsed discharges. The analytic solution is applied to the problem of negative-ion extraction in afterglow plasmas.
|
10.1103/PhysRevE.65.066407
|
pubmed_251_18992
|
BACKGROUND
Angioedema is a potentially life-threatening side effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Although the mechanism of angioedema is not certain, bradykinin has been implicated in its pathogenesis. Compared with Caucasians, African Americans are at an increased risk of ACE inhibitor-associated angioedema, independent of ACE inhibitor dose or concurrent medications. Because urinary kallikrein levels are decreased in African Americans with hypertension, we hypothesized that endogenous bradykinin levels may be decreased in African Americans and that they therefore may be more sensitive to ACE inhibitor-induced increases in bradykinin or to exogenous bradykinin.
OBJECTIVE
To test this hypothesis, we measured the wheal response to intradermal injection of bradykinin in salt-replete hypertensive and normotensive African Americans and Caucasians.
METHODS
Two doses of bradykinin, 1 microgram and 10 micrograms, were administered on separate days in a randomized, double-blind fashion.
RESULTS
Higher bradykinin dose (analysis of variance: F = 38.33, p < 0.001), African American race (analysis of variance: F = 17.90, p < 0.001), and hypertension (analysis of variance: F = 4.37, p = 0.05) were all associated with an increased wheal response to bradykinin.
CONCLUSION
These data provide additional support for racial differences in the kallikrein-kinin system and also implicate abnormalities of the tissue kallikrein-kinin system in essential hypertension.
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10.1016/s0091-6749(96)70151-3
|
pubmed_656_6755
|
Emerging research has identified metabolic pathways that are crucial for the proper regulation of immune cells and how, when deranged, they can cause immune dysfunction and disease progression. However, due to technical limitations such insights have relied heavily on bulk measurements in immune cells, often activated in vitro. But with the emergence of single-cell applications, researchers can now estimate the metabolic state of individual immune cells in clinical samples. Here, we review these single-cell techniques and their ability to validate common principles in immunometabolism, while also revealing context-dependent metabolic heterogeneity within the immune cell compartment. We also discuss current gaps and limitations, as well as identify future opportunities to move the field forward toward the development of therapeutic targets and improved diagnostic capabilities.
|
10.1016/j.cmet.2020.09.013
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pubmed_306_3231
|
Adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often display executive function impairments, particularly in inhibitory control. The antisaccade task, which measures inhibitory control, requires one to suppress an automatic prosaccade toward a salient visual stimulus and voluntarily make an antisaccade in the opposite direction. ADHD patients not only have longer saccadic reaction times, but also make more direction errors (i.e., a prosaccade was executed toward the stimulus) during antisaccade trials. These deficits may stem from pathology in several brain areas that are important for executive control. Using functional MRI with a rapid event-related design, adults with combined subtype of ADHD (coexistence of attention and hyperactivity problems), who abstained from taking stimulant medication 20 h prior to experiment onset, and age-match controls performed pro- and antisaccade trials that were interleaved with pro- and anti-catch trials (i.e., instruction was presented but no target appeared, requiring no response). This method allowed us to examine brain activation patterns when participants either prepared (during instruction) or executed (after target appearance) correct pro or antisaccades. Behaviorally, ADHD adults displayed several antisaccade deficits, including longer and more variable reaction times and more direction errors, but saccade metrics (i.e., duration, velocity, and amplitude) were normal. When preparing to execute an antisaccade, ADHD adults showed less activation in frontal, supplementary, and parietal eye fields, compared to controls. However, activation in these areas was normal in the ADHD group during the execution of a correct antisaccade. Interestingly, unlike controls, adults with ADHD produced greater activation than controls in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during antisaccade execution, perhaps as part of compensatory mechanisms to optimize antisaccade production. Overall, these data suggest that the saccade deficits observed in adults with ADHD do not result from an inability to execute a correct antisaccade but rather the failure to properly prepare (i.e., form the appropriate task set) for the antisaccade trial. The data support the view that the executive impairments, including inhibitory control, in ADHD adults are related to poor response preparation.
|
10.1016/j.nicl.2012.10.006
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pubmed_388_7318
|
Previous work demonstrated a relationship in an ulcer patient between stomach pain during psychotherapy sessions and preoccupation with up-down themes. The generality of this phenomenon was investigated by determining in normal males the relationship of number of stomach symptoms to various up-down parameters. A significant positive correlation was found between stomach symptoms and the shifting of horizontal upward. Stomach positive correlation was found between stomach symptoms and the shifting of horizontal upward. Stomach symptoms were also significantly positively correlated with an up-down physiology index (hand minus foot temperature). Finally, a borderline positive correlation was found between stomach symptoms and relative awareness of the upper as compared to lower sectors of one's body. The data suggest that the occurrence of stomach symptoms is linked to up-down sets or gradients at perceptual, physiological, and perhaps body image levels.
|
10.1097/00006842-197703000-00004
|
pubmed_58_8102
|
OBJECTIVE
Teaching surgical skills is a labor intensive process, requiring a high tutor to student ratio for optimal success, and teaching for undergraduate students by consultant surgeons is not always feasible. A surgical skills course was developed, with the aim of assessing the effectiveness of undergraduate surgical peer-assisted learning.
DESIGN
Five surgical skills courses were conducted looking at eight domains in surgery, led by foundation year doctors and senior medical students, with a tutor to student ratio of 1:4. Precourse and postcourse questionnaires (Likert scales 0-10) were completed. Mean scores were compared precourse and postcourse.
SETTING
Surgical skills courses took place within clinical skills rooms in the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham (UK).
PARTICIPANTS
Seventy students (59 medical, 2 dental, and 9 physician associate students) from a range of academic institutions across the UK completed the course.
RESULTS
There was an overall increase in mean scores across all eight domains. Mean improvement score precourse and postcourse in WHO surgical safety checklist (+3.94), scrubbing (+2.99), gowning/gloving (+3.34), knot tying (+5.53), interrupted sutures (+5.89), continuous sutures (+6.53), vertical mattress sutures (+6.46), and local anesthesia (+3.73).
CONCLUSIONS
Peer-assisted learning is an effective and feasible method for teaching surgical skills in a controlled environment, subsequently improving confidence among healthcare undergraduates. Such teaching may provide the basis for feasibly mass-producing surgical skills courses for healthcare students.
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10.1016/j.jsurg.2018.03.011
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pubmed_495_4591
|
The cDNA for the green fluorescent protein (GFP) of Aequorea victoria has been expressed in transformed cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the recombinant GFP isolated. Protonation and deprotonation of the cloned and purified GFP produced major effects on its spectral absorption characteristics with an increase in pH enhancing the fluorescence emission of the GFP more than twofold. Finally, molecular characterisation of GFP by fluorescence correlation microscopy in a minimal target volume of 1 fL yielded a translational diffusion coefficient (DT) of 8.7 x 10(-7) cm2.sec-1, equivalent to a Stokes radius of 2.82nm for a monodisperse globular protein of 27kDa.
|
10.1006/bbrc.1995.2740
|
pubmed_241_23166
|
BACKGROUND
The global market for organic food has developed significantly in the past decade. The organic food industry in China is export oriented, with production growing rapidly, although the domestic market remains relatively small. This paper surveys 432 consumers from three cities in China, consequently establishing a logit model to analyse the main factors affecting consumers' choice for organic food.
RESULTS
The result indicates that Chinese consumers' intent to purchase organic food is strongly affected by factors such as income, degree of trust in organic food, degree of acceptance of organic food price, and consumers' concern on self-health. This intent is only slightly affected by factors such as consumers' age, education level and concern about environmental protection.
CONCLUSION
Based on the results, the following measures are recommended: reduce the cost of organic food through multiple channels to cut down the market price; establish and perfect the supervision system of organic food; and promote organic food through various channels.
|
10.1002/jsfa.3936
|
pubmed_694_756
|
The 1986 Chernobyl disaster contaminated vast regions of Ukraine and Belarus with a variety of radioactive isotopes and heavy metals. While over 90% of the radioactive isotopes have decayed into stable compounds, radiation levels in contaminated areas are still extraordinarily high. In fact, some rodents living near the reactor have internal 134,137Cs concentrations approaching 80 000 Bq/g. Several recent genetic analyses of vertebrates have illustrated that mutation rates of organisms exposed to radiation from Chernobyl are higher than in control groups, but none have studied DNA sequences. Nucleotide sequences of rodent mitochondrial genes were originally reported to have been hypervariable, but those results were subsequently retracted. Herein, I report the results of a pilot study to determine the extent of nucleotide variation at the p53 gene in four species of rodents (voles) from Chernobyl and from control sites. I sequenced a 788 bp region (coding and non-coding) of p53 in 30 different mice comprising four different species of Microtus. Nucleotide variation at the population level was due to deletions and substitutions; both were limited to introns. There were no significant differences between the number of haplotypes in radioactive and control populations (p=0.60). Rare or private alleles might have arisen due to unique mutational pressures at Chernobyl. Alternatively, natural selection might have favored one allele over others (i.e., a selective sweep). Neither scenario is strongly supported by these data. Thus, no apparent genetic effects of the Chernobyl disaster on the p53 gene of resident voles were revealed; more extensive surveys will be necessary to determine if mutation rates are indeed elevated in mice from Chernobyl. However, two salient points emerge; the first involves the utility of introns as markers for mutations in coding regions and the second considers the relative merits of cloning in mutation detection studies.
|
10.1016/s1383-5718(98)00171-5
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pubmed_509_22974
|
BACKGROUND
Variation in alcohol metabolism affects the duration of intoxication and alcohol use. While the majority of genetic association studies investigating variation in alcohol metabolism have focused on polymorphisms in alcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenases, we have now tested for association with genes in alternative metabolic pathways that catalyze the carbon skeleton of ethanol (EtOH) and NADH reoxidation.
METHODS
Nine hundred fifty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) spanning 14 genes (ACN9, ACSS1, ACSS2, ALDH1A1, CAT, CYP2E1, GOT1, GOT2, MDH1, MDH2, SLC25A10, SLC25A11, SLC25A12, SLC25A13) were genotyped in 352 young adults who participated in an alcohol challenge study. Traits tested were blood alcohol concentration (BAC), breath alcohol concentration (BrAC), peak alcohol concentration, and rates of alcohol absorption and elimination. Allelic association was tested using quantitative univariate and multivariate methods.
RESULTS
A CYP2E1 promoter SNP (rs4838767, minor allele frequency 0.008) exceeded the threshold for study-wide significance (4.01 × 10(-5) ) for 2 early BAC, 8 BrAC measures, and the peak BrAC. For each phenotype, the minor C allele was related to a lower alcohol concentration, most strongly for the fourth BrAC (p = 2.07 × 10(-7) ) explaining ~8% of the phenotypic variance. We also observed suggestive patterns of association with variants in ALDH1A1 and on chromosome 17 near SLC25A11 for aspects of blood and breath alcohol metabolism. An SNP upstream of GOT1 (rs2490286) reached study-wide significance for multivariate BAC metabolism (p = 0.000040).
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, we did not find strong evidence that variation in genes coding for proteins that further metabolize the carbon backbone of acetaldehyde, or contribute to mechanisms for regenerating NAD from NADH, affects alcohol metabolism in our European-descent subjects. However, based on the breath alcohol data, variation in the promoter of CYP2E1 may play a role in preabsorptive or early hepatic alcohol metabolism, but more samples are required to validate this finding.
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10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01829.x
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pubmed_374_1341
|
The biology of how faces are built and come to differ from one another is complex. Discovering normal variants that contribute to differences in facial morphology is one key to untangling this complexity, with important implications for medicine and evolutionary biology. This study maps quantitative trait loci (QTL) for skeletal facial shape using Diversity Outbred (DO) mice. The DO is a randomly outcrossed population with high heterozygosity that captures the allelic diversity of eight inbred mouse lines from three subspecies. The study uses a sample of 1147 DO animals (the largest sample yet employed for a shape QTL study in mouse), each characterized by 22 three-dimensional landmarks, 56,885 autosomal and X-chromosome markers, and sex and age classifiers. We identified 37 facial shape QTL across 20 shape principal components (PCs) using a mixed effects regression that accounts for kinship among observations. The QTL include some previously identified intervals as well as new regions that expand the list of potential targets for future experimental study. Three QTL characterized shape associations with size (allometry). Median support interval size was 3.5 Mb. Narrowing additional analysis to QTL for the five largest magnitude shape PCs, we found significant overrepresentation of genes with known roles in growth, skeletal and facial development, and sensory organ development. For most intervals, one or more of these genes lies within 0.25 Mb of the QTL's peak. QTL effect sizes were small, with none explaining more than 0.5% of facial shape variation. Thus, our results are consistent with a model of facial diversity that is influenced by key genes in skeletal and facial development and, simultaneously, is highly polygenic.
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10.1371/journal.pone.0233377
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pubmed_245_14329
|
The present work investigated the degradation of a dyeing factory effluent by advanced oxidative process under UV irradiation. TiO2 and ZnO were used as catalysts and the influence of different concentrations of H2O2 added to the system was studied. The catalysts were characterized in terms of crystal structure (X-ray diffraction), textural properties (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller area and pore volume) and point of zero charge, which indicated the semiconductors had a positively charged surface in an acidic medium. After 8 h of irradiation at pH 3.0 and catalyst concentration of 0.0625 g L-1, the effect of H2O2 was evaluated by means of kinetic efficiency (rate constants), absorbance reduction (at 284, 621 e 669 nm), total organic carbon reduction and mineralization (in terms of the formation of ions such as and ). Adding H2O2 to the photocatalytic system significantly increased pollutants' removal, highlighting tests with 1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1, showing higher absorbance reduction and rate constants at 621 and 669 nm for TiO2 and best mineralization rates for ZnO. Ecotoxicity bioassays using Artemia salina L confirmed the treatment efficacy, with effluent lethal concentration (LC50) increasing from 65.68% (in natura) to over 100% after photocatalysis treatment.
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10.1080/09593330.2017.1418913
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pubmed_908_22775
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Phenylcarbamoyls are known to remarkably accentuate cyclodextrin's enantioselectivities. In this work, by inducing electron-donating methoxyl or electron-withdrawing bromine/trifluoromethyl moieties, three novel cyclodextrin enantioseparation materials including per(4-trifluoromethoxy) phenylcarbamoylated-β-CD CSP (CSP1), per(4-bromo)phenylcarbamoylated-β-CD CSP (CSP2) and per(4-methoxy)phenylcarbamoylated-β-CD CSP (CSP3) were prepared via thiol-ene click chemistry. The polarity tuning decorations are found to significantly influence the CSPs' achiral and chiral separation performance. The three CSPs can easily separate toluene, 1,2-xylene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene with the strongest retention on CSP3. In reversed-phase mode, the three CSPs exhibited completely different enantioseparation ability towards specific isoxazolines and flavonoids. 4'-hydroxyflavanone was separated on CSP1 with a resolution of 9.24 while 6-methoxyflavanone was best separated on CSP2 (Rs = 9.98). CSP3 exhibited the strongest differentiation ability towards 4NPh-2Py (Rs = 9.69). The comparison study may provide some insight into the design of functional cyclodextrin materials.
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10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.065
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pubmed_968_25290
|
A replication of the experiment by Godden and Baddeley (Godden and Baddeley 1975 British Journal of Psychology 66, 325-331 (doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1975.tb01468.x)) on environmental context-dependent memory is described. Sixteen divers studied auditorily presented word lists on land or underwater and recalled these 4 min later on land or underwater (each diver participated in all four combinations). Contrary to the original study, we did not find that recall in the same context where the words had been learned was better than recall in the other context. We discuss differences between our replication and the original study and emphasize the importance of attempts at replicating classic studies.
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10.1098/rsos.200724
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pubmed_444_8152
|
Depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, with more than 264 million people affected. On average, depression first appears during the late teens to mid-20s as result of a complex interaction of social, psychological and biological factors. The aim of this systematic review with meta-analysis is to assess the association between red and processed meat intake and depression (both incident and prevalent). This systematic review was conducted according to the methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Relevant papers published through March 2020 were identified by searching the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase and Scopus. All analyses were conducted using ProMeta3 software. A critical appraisal was conducted. Finally, 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. The overall effect size (ES) of depression for red and processed meat intake was 1.08 [(95% CI = 1.04; 1.12), p-value < 0.001], based on 241,738 participants. The results from our meta-analysis showed a significant association between red and processed meat intake and risk of depression. The presented synthesis will be useful for health professionals and policy makers to better consider the effect of diet on mental health status.
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10.3390/ijerph17186686
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pubmed_871_9106
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Anemia was induced in weanling Sprague Dawley rats either by feeding an iron-deficient diet or by chronic phlebotomy. The erythroid regenerative response was then evaluated before and after a hemolytic event, and results were compared with those of a third group of control nonphlebotomized rats fed an iron-replete diet. Diet and phlebotomy groups developed a similar degree of anemia (mean hemoglobin concentration 7.9 g/dL and 7.8 g/dL, respectively; controls, 13.9 g/dL) and hypoferremia (mean serum iron concentration 25.4 microgram/dL and 34.9 microgram/dL, respectively; controls, 222.0 microgram/dL). However, the anemia in diet rats was nonregenerative (reticulocyte count, 83.1 X 10(3) cells/microliter) and associated with bone marrow erythroid hypoplasia; whereas the anemia in phlebotomy rats was regenerative (reticulocyte count, 169.6 X 10(3) cells/microliter) and associated with bone marrow erythroid hyperplasia. Thrombocytosis was seen in diet rats (1,580 X 10(3) cells/microliter) but not phlebotomy rats (901 X 10(3) cells/microliter) when compared with controls (809 X 10(3) cells/microliter). To further evaluate the regenerative capability, phenylhydrazine (PHZ) was administered to induce hemolysis. Erythrocyte mass declined approximately 25% in all groups, including controls. The reticulocytosis (265.3 X 10(3) cells/microliter) seen in phlebotomy rats was earlier and significantly greater than that seen in either diet or control rats. Hemoglobin concentration returned to pre-PHZ concentrations (7.9 g/dL) in phlebotomy rats within 4 days posthemolysis. In diet rats, the maximal regenerative response (176.3 X 10(3) cells/microliter) was not seen until 8 days posthemolysis, and hemoglobin (7.5 g/dL) did not return to pre-PHZ concentrations during the 8-day study. In many aspects, the anemia seen following diet- or phlebotomy-induced iron deficiency was similar. However, the erythroid regenerative capability varied depending on the mechanism by which anemia was induced and furthermore altered the efficiency of hemoglobin production following a hemolytic event. These results suggest that the availability of iron in the diet may modulate the pathogenesis of iron deficiency anemia.
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10.1111/j.1939-165x.2001.tb00262.x
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pubmed_739_12070
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Dementia is one of the most psychic diseases of people over the age of 65 years and are often the reason or consequence of a hospitalization or need for commitment to rest homes. However, this disease should not lead to therapeutic nihilism, it should be a challenge for the development of new ideas and care concepts. The present publication shows the possibilities of non-pharmacological rehabilitative measures in the stationary field, whereby the priorities are on psychological and psychotherapeutical and also milieu therapeutical aspects. Additional well known intervention measures (e.g. physicotherapy, ergotherapy, logopedia, care) are summarized. Especially new concepts in stationary care can help to improve quality of life of geriatric patients with dementia in stationary fields: therefore they should be promoted and integrated to a greater amount into the total rehabilitative concept.
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pubmed_739_12070
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pubmed_822_1347
|
BACKGROUND
The value of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in predicting clinical outcomes has been investigated in a variety of neurological disorders.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the associations of serum NSE with severity of bleeding and functional outcomes in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients with SAH from June 2008 to June 2012. The severity of SAH bleeding at admission was measured radiographically with the Fisher scale and clinically with the Glasgow Coma Scale, Hunt and Hess grade, and World Federation of Neurologic Surgeons scale. Outcomes were assessed with the modified Rankin Scale at discharge.
RESULTS
We identified 309 patients with nontraumatic SAH, and 71 had NSE testing. Median age was 54 years (range, 23-87 years), and 44% were male. In multivariable analysis, increased NSE was associated with a poorer Hunt and Hess grade (P = .003), World Federation of Neurologic Surgeons scale score (P < .001), and Glasgow Coma Scale score (P = .003) and worse outcomes (modified Rankin Scale at discharge; P = .001). There was no significant association between NSE level and Fisher grade (P = .81) in multivariable analysis.
CONCLUSION
We found a significant association between higher NSE levels and poorer clinical presentations and worse outcomes. Although it is still early for any relevant clinical conclusions, our results suggest that NSE holds promise as a tool for screening patients at increased risk of poor outcomes after SAH.
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10.1227/NEU.0000000000001140
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pubmed_99_11795
|
A project to improve physician performance in colorectal cancer screening was evaluated as part of an ambulatory quality assurance program. A minimum standard was adopted requiring a digital examination and stool test for occult blood at annual check-ups of patients aged 40 years and older. During a 31/2-year period, three different intervention strategies for improved compliance with the standard were sequentially implemented and assessed: educational meeting, retrospective feedback of group compliance rate, and retrospective feedback of individual compliance rate compared with that of peers. A pretest/posttest design was employed in evaluating the first two intervention strategies. Neither strategy resulted in significant improvement in compliance. Monthly feedback of individual performance ranked with that of peers was then implemented in a randomized clinical trial utilizing a crossover design. During the first 6-month period, the physicians receiving feedback (group 1) improved from 66.0% to 79.9% (P less than 0.001), while the control group (group 2) also improved, from 67.5% to 76.6% (P less than 0.001), suggesting a spillover effect. During the second 6-month period, group 2 received feedback and group 1 did not. Group 1 stabilized at approximately 80% while group 2 continued to improve from 76.6% to 84.0% (P less than 0.001). Behavior changes persisted at 6 and 12 months after intervention.
|
10.1097/00005650-198406000-00003
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pubmed_232_14019
|
A series of twenty two hydrophobic ionic liquids, 1-alkyl(alkyl ether)-3-methylimidazolium ([C(m)mim]+ or [C(m)O(n)mim]+; where Cm is 1-alkyl, Cm = nCmH(2m+1), m = 1-4 and 6; C(m)O(n) is 1-alkyl ether, C2O1 = CH3OCH2, C3O1 = CH3OCH2CH2, and C5O2 = CH3(OCH2CH2)2) perfluoroalkyltrifluoroborate ([RFBF3]-, RF = CF3, C2F5, nC3F7, nC4F9), have been prepared and characterized. Some of the important physicochemical properties of these salts including melting point, glass transition, viscosity, density, ionic conductivity, thermal and electrochemical stability, have been determined and were compared with those of the reported [BF4](-)-based ones. The influence of the structure variation in the imidazolium cation and the perfluoroalkyltrifluoroborate ([RFBF3]-) anion on the above physicochemical properties was discussed. The key features of these new salts are their low melting points (-42 to 35 degrees C) or extremely low glass transition (between -87 and -117 degrees C) without melting, and considerably low viscosities (26-77 cP at 25 degrees C).
|
10.1002/chem.200400533
|
pubmed_632_13565
|
Essential oil (EO) composition, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity were investigated in 17 P. abrotanoides populations collected from different geographical regions in Iran. The highest (3.61%) and lowest (1.25%) essential oil yields were measured in populations from Semnan Province (PSESM2 ) and PISKS from Isfahan Province, respectively. GC/MS analysis identified camphor (4.05 - 35.94%), 1,8-cineole (7.15 - 24.34%), borneol (0 - 21.75%), and α-pinene (2.05 - 10.33%) as the main constituents of Perovskia essential oil. Cluster analysis classified the studied populations into four different groups: (I) high camphene, (II) high camphor/1,8-cineole, (III) high borneol/δ-3-carene, and (IV) high α-cadinol/trans-caryophyllene. The highest flavonoid and phenolic contents were detected in PISAK from Isfahan Province (4.09 ± 0.05 mgQE/gDW, 58.51 ± 1.63 mgGAE/gDW) and PKRGS from Khorasan Province (3.80 ± 0.002 mgQE/gDW, 66.86 ± 0.002 mgGAE/gDW). DPPH and reducing power activity model systems identified PMASA and PKRKL as the populations with the highest antioxidant activity. Finally, the data obtained represented valuable information for introducing elite populations with EO components favorable to pharmaceutical and industrial applications.
|
10.1002/cbdv.201700565
|
pubmed_652_20810
|
Investigation of synesthesia phenomenology in adults is needed to constrain accounts of developmental trajectories of this trait. We report an extended phenomenological investigation of sequence-space synesthesia in a single case (AB). We used the Elicitation Interview (EI) method to facilitate repeated exploration of AB's synesthetic experience. During an EI the subject's attention is selectively guided by the interviewer in order to reveal precise details about the experience. Detailed analysis of the resulting 9 h of interview transcripts provided a comprehensive description of AB's synesthetic experience, including several novel observations. For example, we describe a specific spatial reference frame (a "mental room") in which AB's concurrents occur, and which overlays his perception of the real world (the "physical room"). AB is able to switch his attention voluntarily between this mental room and the physical room. Exemplifying the EI method, some of our observations were previously unknown even to AB. For example, AB initially reported to experience concurrents following visual presentation, yet we determined that in the majority of cases the concurrent followed an internal verbalization of the inducer, indicating an auditory component to sequence-space synesthesia. This finding is congruent with typical rehearsal of inducer sequences during development, implicating cross-modal interactions between auditory and visual systems in the genesis of this synesthetic form. To our knowledge, this paper describes the first application of an EI to synesthesia, and the first systematic longitudinal investigation of the first-person experience of synesthesia since the re-emergence of interest in this topic in the 1980's. These descriptions move beyond rudimentary graphical or spatial representations of the synesthetic spatial form, thereby providing new targets for neurobehavioral analysis.
|
10.3389/fnhum.2014.00433
|
pubmed_726_24299
|
In the title compound, C19H22FN3OS, the dihedral angle between the inclined oxa-diazole and benzene rings is 52.7 (3)°. In the crystal, helical supra-molecular chains along [100] are sustained by N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds supported by methyl-ene-benzene C-H⋯π inter-actions. The crystal studied was an inversion twin with the fractional contribution of the minor component being 0.33 (14).
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10.1107/S1600536813009823
|
pubmed_936_6330
|
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare metabolic disease caused by variations in a human gene, PAH, encoding phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), and the enzyme converting the essential amino acid phenylalanine into tyrosine. Many PKU-causing variations compromise the conformational stability of the encoded enzyme, decreasing or abolishing its catalytic activity, and leading to an elevated concentration of phenylalanine in the blood, which is neurotoxic. Several therapeutic approaches have been developed to treat the more severe manifestations of the disorder, but they are either not entirely effective or difficult to adhere to throughout life. In a search for novel pharmacological chaperones to treat PKU, a lead compound was discovered (compound IV) that exhibited promising in vitro and in vivo chaperoning activity on PAH. The structure of the PAH-IV complex has been reported. Here, using alchemical free energy calculations (AFEC) on the structure of the PAH-IV complex, we design a new generation of compound IV-analogues with a higher affinity for the enzyme. Seventeen novel analogues were synthesized, and thermal shift and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) assays were performed to experimentally evaluate their stabilizing effect and their affinity for the enzyme. Most of the new derivatives bind to PAH tighter than lead compound IV and induce a greater thermostabilization of the enzyme upon binding. Importantly, the correspondence between the calculated alchemical binding free energies and the experimentally determined ΔΔGb values is excellent, which supports the use of AFEC to design pharmacological chaperones to treat PKU using the X-ray structure of their complexes with the target PAH enzyme.
|
10.3390/ijms23094502
|
pubmed_449_12477
|
Rats were either exposed or not exposed to a mouse in their living cage for a 48-hr period. At the end of this time a bilateral lesion was made in the medial accumbens region or in the medial hypothalamus. When tested 2 days postoperatively, the killing frequency among rats that had been exposed to mice preoperatively was not significantly lower than that of rats that were not preoperatively exposed. The ineffectiveness of preoperative experience in suppressing the mouse killing induced by medial accumbens and medial hypothalamic lesions is similar to that found previously with dorsal-median raphe lesions and olfactory bulb lesions and is in contrast to the ease with which preoperative experience prevents mouse killing induced by septal lesions and serotonergic lesions induced by 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine.
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10.1016/s0163-1047(83)90444-2
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pubmed_282_20180
|
Ganglion cysts are common cystic lesions filled with a jelly-like substance and originate from a joint capsule or tendon sheath through a stalk. Ganglion cysts mostly occur in the hand region, for which surgical excision usually results in good outcomes. In contrast, toe ganglions are relatively rare, and surgical treatment is associated with a high recurrence rate because of unidentifiable ganglion stalks, requiring large skin incisions. We have treated toe ganglion cysts using endoscopy in the ganglion cyst by injecting methylene blue into the tendon sheath that connects to the ganglion stalk. The result has been favorable, without recurrence. The advantages of our technique include the following: (1) Endoscopy using a color aid can show the location of a ganglion stalk, and removing the stalk can prevent recurrence. (2) Endoscopic stalk-only resection is minimally invasive, allowing early mobilization and reducing surgical-site complications. The purpose of this Technical Note is to describe our endoscopic stalk resection technique with color-aided visualization, and we have included a video presentation.
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10.1016/j.eats.2017.03.030
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pubmed_28_21737
|
Chimeric peptide MCRT (YPFPFRTic-NH2 ) was a multifunctional ligand of opioid and neuropeptide FF (NPFF) receptors and reported to be potentially antalgic in acute tail-flick test. Here, we developed spared nerve injury (SNI) model to explore its efficacy in chronic neuropathic pain. Analgesic tolerance, opioid-induced hyperalgesia and gastrointestinal transit were measured for safety evaluation. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intraplantar (i.pl.) injections were conducted as central and peripheral routes, respectively. Results demonstrated that MCRT alleviated neuropathic pain effectively and efficiently, with the ED50 values of 4.93 nmol/kg at the central level and 3.11 nmol/kg at the peripheral level. The antagonist blocking study verified the involvement of mu-, delta-opioid and NPFF receptors in MCRT produced anti-allodynia. Moreover, the separation of analgesia from unwanted effects was preliminarily achieved and that MCRT caused neither analgesic tolerance nor hyperalgesia after chronic i.c.v. administration, nor constipation after i.pl. administration. Notably, the local efficacy of MCRT in SNI mice was about one thousandfold higher than morphine and ten thousandfold higher than pregabalin, indicating a great promise in the future treatment of neuropathic pain.
|
10.1111/bcpt.13566
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pubmed_142_4284
|
We present a novel approach to the design of video conferencing (VC) systems, taking advantage of recent technological achievements in web-based implementation. Delivering VC functionality as a service over the Internet opens new grounds for easier integration, support, and application in many scenarios, since hardware-agnostic ad-hoc VC connections are a feature of the proposed architecture. Validity is demonstrated through latency measures in surgical telementoring service and comparing them to reported thresholds.
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pubmed_142_4284
|
pubmed_386_2710
|
The present study analyzed changes in Wnt3a expression during differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into cholinergic neurons. Immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence revealed significantly increased nestin, neuron-specific enolase, microtubule-associated protein 2, and choline acetyltransferase expression in adipose-derived stem cells isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats and cultured in vitro in neural-induced medium. These expressions increased with prolonged induction time. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR and western blot assay results demonstrated significantly increased choline acetyltransferase and Wnt3a protein and mRNA expressions, respectively, in adipose-derived stem cells following induction. Choline acetyltransferase expression positively correlated with Wnt3a protein and mRNA expressions. These results demonstrated that neural-induced medium induced differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into cholinergic neuronal-like cells, with subsequent increased Wnt3a expression.
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10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.19.003
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pubmed_63_2484
|
Proteins are denatured in aqueous urea solution. The nature of the molecular driving forces has received substantial attention in the past, whereas the question how urea acts at different phases of unfolding is not yet well understood at the atomic level. In particular, it is unclear whether urea actively attacks folded proteins or instead stabilizes unfolded conformations. Here we investigated the effect of urea at different phases of unfolding by molecular dynamics simulations, and the behavior of partially unfolded states in both aqueous urea solution and in pure water was compared. Whereas the partially unfolded protein in water exhibited hydrophobic collapses as primary refolding events, it remained stable or even underwent further unfolding steps in aqueous urea solution. Further, initial unfolding steps of the folded protein were found not to be triggered by urea, but instead, stabilized. The underlying mechanism of this stabilization is a favorable interaction of urea with transiently exposed, less-polar residues and the protein backbone, thereby impeding back-reactions. Taken together, these results suggest that, quite generally, urea-induced protein unfolding proceeds primarily not by active attack. Rather, thermal fluctuations toward the unfolded state are stabilized and the hydrophobic collapse of partially unfolded proteins toward the native state is impeded. As a result, the equilibrium is shifted toward the unfolded state.
|
10.1016/j.bpj.2009.01.051
|
pubmed_439_10367
|
BACKGROUND
Radial artery cannulation is a crucial investigative procedure for measuring patients' blood pressure invasively and serial blood gases. However, radial artery cannulation can be challenging for medical residents, and it is necessary to establish a facile and straightforward teaching strategy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of acoustic shadowing-facilitated ultrasound guidance on radial artery cannulation teaching for medical residents.
METHODS
A total of 116 medical postgraduates who underwent standardized residency training programs in the Department of Anesthesiology were randomly divided into a new ultrasound-guided teaching group and a traditional ultrasound-guided teaching group. In the new ultrasound-guided teaching group, radial artery puncture technique was taught by acoustic shadowing-facilitated ultrasound guidance. The training included both theoretical and practical components. After the training, the success rate of the first puncture attempt, the success rate of the catheterization, the ultrasonic positioning time, and the catheterization time of the two groups were compared in a unified manner. A questionnaire on the subjective evaluation of the various aspects of the program by participants was conducted at the end of the training period.
RESULTS
The study included 101 medical residents. The success rate for radial artery puncture at the first attempt in the new ultrasound-guided teaching group was 78.43%. It was significantly higher than that of the traditional ultrasound-guided group (58.00%, odds ratio = 0.380; 95% CI = 0.159 to 0.908; p = 0.027). The success rate for the first arterial catheterization in the new ultrasound-guided teaching group was significantly higher than that of the traditional ultrasound-guided group (74.51% vs. 52.00%, odds ratio = 0.371; 95% CI = 0.160 to 0.858; p = 0.019). The ultrasonic positioning time and catheterization time in minutes in the new ultrasound-guided teaching group were significantly shorter than that of the traditional ultrasound-guided group (14.36 ± 3.31 vs. 18.02 ± 4.95, p < 0.001; 10.43 ± 2.38 vs. 14.78 ± 8.02, p = 0.012). However, no significant differences were observed in the incidence of local hematomas and teaching satisfaction scores between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
Acoustic shadowing facilitates ultrasound-guided radial artery puncture and catheterization is beneficial in the standardized training and teaching of residents. It improves the success rate of the first attempt at radial artery puncture and catheterization and shortens the time of ultrasound location and catheterization.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 28 May 2021.
REGISTRATION NUMBER
ChiCTR2100046833 .
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10.1186/s12909-022-03345-3
|
pubmed_383_1106
|
BACKGROUND
Unhealthy behaviours such as physical inactivity, sedentary behaviour and smoking have been found to be more prevalent in people with psychiatric disorders than in the general population, leading to increased mortality risk. The present study seeks to identify correlates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour among psychiatric patients in Singapore, as well as investigate differences in their physical activity patterns by smoking status.
METHODS
Participants (n = 380) were recruited from a tertiary psychiatric hospital in Singapore as part of a study on the prevalence and correlates of smoking among psychiatric patients. Physical activity levels and sedentary behaviour were measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and analysed based on GPAQ guidelines. Chi-square analyses were conducted to examine differences in physical activity by smoking status, and logistic regression analyses to yield sociodemographic correlates of meeting physical activity guidelines (as recommended by the World Health Organization) and sedentary behaviour.
RESULTS
Education was found to be significantly associated with meeting recommended physical activity levels, while age and marital status were significantly associated with excessive sedentary behaviour. Additionally, while no significant differences were found among current, former and non-smokers across all types of physical activity engagement levels, there was a high prevalence of inadequate physical activity (43.2%) and excessive sedentary behaviour (38.8%) among participants.
CONCLUSION
Given the high prevalence of inadequate physical activity and excessive sedentary behaviour among current, former and non-smokers with psychiatric disorders, programmes aimed at increasing physical activity and lowering sedentary behaviour levels should be integrated into targeted treatment plans to improve clinical outcomes.
|
10.1186/s12888-021-03103-7
|
pubmed_561_10961
|
Contemporary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has evolved over the past 30 years as a result of early prosthetic design failure. Hinge-type implants demonstrated a high loosening rate because of overconstraint. Curved-on-flat prostheses, which were popular in the late 1970s, became associated with a high incidence of polyethylene failure. The Low Contact Stress (LCS) Total Knee System (DePuy Orthopaedics Inc, Warsaw, Ind), a mobile-bearing knee arthroplasty design, was introduced in 1977. The LCS Total Knee System, now in its 25th year without alterations in articular geometry, has demonstrated clinical success and has had an impact on evolving prosthetic designs. Introduced in 2001, the LCS Complete Total Knee System provides further refinements in patient fit without changing the fundamental design principles. Surgeons are cautioned to use a well-proven clinical design, as biomechanical variations critically impact clinical outcomes.
|
10.3928/0147-7447-20020202-03
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pubmed_295_12070
|
Pectus excavatum (PEX) is an anterior chest wall deformity with sternal depression relative to the costal cartilages. We describe a patient status post remote PEX repair who presented with presyncope attributed to bifascicular block, partial right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) obstruction, and right coronary artery (RCA) ischemia. Key Clinical Message: The clinician should be cognizant of the hemodynamic impact and electrocardiographic changes in a symptomatic patient status post pectus excavatum repair.
|
10.2147/IMCRJ.S315868
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pubmed_546_1313
|
A diverse group of users, vendors, employers, insurers and government officials met in Washington in July for the Computer-Based Patient Record Institute's First Annual Meeting. Deemed "the focal point" of legislation demanding automated patient records, their task was to overcome a myriad of differences and form a true coalition that can meet an ambitious, and some say unrealistic, deadline.
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pubmed_546_1313
|
pubmed_82_11906
|
Single in vitro production (sIVP) of embryos enables the study of developmental parameters of individual oocytes or embryos. Because several previously published sIVP systems showed varying levels of success, we attempted to design a simple, semidefined sIVP system that resulted in developmental rates similar to those obtained through group production (gIVP). In a 5 x 3 x 4 factorial experiment, 4200 oocytes were randomly assigned to combinations of various maturation (sIVM), fertilization (sIVF), and culture (sIVC) treatments based on media TCM199 (5 treatments), TALP (3 treatments), and SOF/aa/BSA (4 treatments), respectively. All sIVP steps were carried out in 10-12 microl drops under oil. Embryo development to blastocyst on days 7 and 8 of culture was determined and blastocyst cell numbers measured as an indicator of embryo quality. No interaction was found within any combination of sIVM, sIVF and sIVC treatments. Also, there was no difference in percentage of development to various stages for embryos in any of the sIVM or sIVF treatments (over all treatment combinations). However, when treatment combinations included charcoal-treated serum addition on day 5 of culture, a significant increase in development (39.0% total blastocysts/total oocytes vs. 22.7, 23.8 and 23.5% for the other 3 sIVC treatments, respectively; P < 0.001) and decrease in mean cell number (114.2 vs. 149.1, 150.5 and 143.7 cells, respectively; P < 0.001) was observed. These results are comparable to those routinely obtained in this laboratory with gIVP and establish standard conditions for individual embryo production.
|
10.1002/(SICI)1098-2795(199810)51:2<143::AID-MRD3>3.0.CO;2-Q
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pubmed_92_20494
|
Abstract The aim of this investigations was to study the effectiveness of anti-CD20 antibody therapy in Graves' orbitopathy (GO) resistant to glucocorticoids. Five patients were entered in the study. The protocol required no improvement of orbital status after a recent course of glucocorticoids. Activity of GO was confirmed by three independent techniques: clinical activity score (CAS), (99m)Tc-labeled diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid ((99m)Tc DTPA) single photon emission computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Rituximab (RTX) was given as weekly infusions of 375 mg/m(2) body surface area for four weeks. The mean follow-up period was 67 (range 58-81) months. Improvement of GO has been observed in all patients: CAS before therapy was 6.5 ± 1.7 and decreased to 3.4 ± 1.6 by one month (p < 0.05) and remained unchanged (3.2 ± 1.7) at 12 months. No further CAS change, in either direction, was detected during the yearly follow-up visits. The mean DTPA uptake before therapy was 16.52 ± 4.51 MBq/cm(3) and decreased to 11.97 ± 2.36 MBq/cm(3) at one year (p < 0.002). The mean of T2 relaxation times before and one year after therapy were 96.91 ± 17.61 ms and 84.29 ± 9.41 ms, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean serum TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) levels before therapy, at the one month and one year control visits were 7.4 ± 3.4 U/L, 5.6 ± 4.5 U/L and 1.7 ± 1.5 U/L, respectively (p < 0.004). No correlation between changes of TRAb and activity parameters has been found. Anti-CD20 treatment seems to influence positively the clinical course of GO, and this effect seems to be stable for five years. To our knowledge, this is the longest published follow-up of RTX treatment in GO.
|
10.3109/08916934.2014.939266
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pubmed_1054_3978
|
Epidermal application of 2 mM-cadmium (Cd2+) to the SO42---Ringer's solution bathing the whole frog skin increased its short circuit current (SCC) significantly, whereas the dermal application did not, in most cases. When Cd2+ was applied to the epidermal side, the uptake of cadmium by the skin was approximately 150 microM/kg wet weight, but the uptake by the skin from the dermal side was about eight times as large. In the isolated epidermis, the epidermal application of Cd2+ increased the SCC, whereas the dermal application decreased it. The amount of cadmium taken up by the isolated epidermis was approximately the same when the cation was applied to either epidermal or dermal side. These seemingly contradictory results can probably be explained by the barrier-hypothesis which is supported by the results of an electron probe X-ray microanalysis. In the case of the epidermal application, the junction between s. corneum and s. granulosum may act as an outside barrier for cadmium translocation. For the dermal application of Cd2+, the sieve layer in the dermis, where a large amount of calcium is deposited, may probably exert its effects as an inside barrier by the mechanism of Cd-Ca exchange process. Tela subcutanea, the basement membrane and its adjacent tissue may be also inside barriers, though their role as a diffusion barrier may be considered to be weaker than that of the sieve layer.
|
10.2170/jjphysiol.30.257
|
pubmed_924_1851
|
Most trichothiodystrophy (TTD) patients present mutations in the xeroderma pigmentosum D (XPD) gene, coding for a subunit of the transcription/repair factor IIH (TFIIH) complex involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER) and transcription. After UV irradiation, most TTD/XPD patients are more severely affected in the NER of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) than of 6-4-photoproducts (6-4PP). The reasons for this differential DNA repair defect are unknown. Here we report the first study of NER in response to CPDs or 6-4PPs separately analyzed in primary fibroblasts. This was done by using heterologous photorepair; recombinant adenovirus vectors carrying photolyases enzymes that repair CPD or 6-4PP specifically by using the energy of light were introduced in different cell lines. The data presented here reveal that some TTD/XPD mutations affect the recruitment of TFIIH specifically to CPDs, but not to 6-4PPs. This deficiency is further confirmed by the inability of TTD/XPD cells to recruit, specifically for CPDs, NER factors that arrive in a TFIIH-dependent manner later in the NER pathway. For 6-4PPs, we show that TFIIH complexes carrying an NH(2)-terminal XPD mutated protein are also deficient in recruitment of NER proteins downstream of TFIIH. Treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A allows the recovery of TFIIH recruitment to CPDs in the studied TTD cells and, for COOH-terminal XPD mutations, increases the repair synthesis and survival after UV, suggesting that this defect can be partially related with accessibility of DNA damage in closed chromatin regions.
|
10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6695
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pubmed_317_11511
|
The clarification of the systematics of pikas (genus Ochotona) has been hindered by largely overlapping morphological characters among species and the lack of a comprehensive molecular phylogeny. Here we estimate the first multilocus phylogeny of the genus to date, by analysing 12 nuclear DNA markers (total of 7.5Kb) in 11 species of pikas from the four classified subgenera (Pika, Ochotona, Lagotona and Conothoa) using a multispecies coalescent-based framework. The species-tree confirmed the subgeneric classification by retrieving as monophyletic the subgenera represented here by more than one species. Contrary to previous phylogenies based on mtDNA alone, Lagotona was found to be sister to Pika. Also, support for the monophyly of the alpina group was not strong, thus caution should be used in future analyses of this group. A relaxed molecular clock calibrated using the Ochotonidae-Leporidae divergence resulted in more recent estimates of divergence times relative to previous studies. Strong concordance with inferences based on fossil records was found, suggesting that the initial diversification of the genus took place by the end of late Miocene. Finally, this work sets up methodologies and gathers molecular markers that can be used to extend the understanding of the evolutionary history of the genus.
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pubmed_317_11511
|
pubmed_108_19553
|
We introduce a novel coarse-grained bead-spring model for flexible polymers to systematically examine the effects of an adjusted bonded potential on the formation and stability of structural macrostates in a thermal environment. The density of states obtained in advanced replica-exchange Monte Carlo simulations is analyzed by employing the recently developed generalized microcanonical inflection-point analysis method, which enables the identification of diverse structural phases and the construction of a suitably parameterized hyperphase diagram. It reveals that icosahedral phases dominate for polymers with asymmetric and narrow bond potentials, whereas polymers with symmetric and more elastic bonds tend to form amorphous structures with non-icosahedral cores. We also observe a hierarchy in the freezing transition behavior associated with the formation of the surface layer after nucleation.
|
10.1063/1.5081831
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pubmed_1088_17570
|
BACKGROUND
The aim of the present study was to investigate placental pathologies in malnourished term neonates.
METHODS
A group of term newborns was evaluated at birth for fetal malnutrition (FM) using the Clinical Assessment of Nutritional Status (CANS) score. The study group consisted of 37 malnourished neonates and 13 well-nourished newborns, including their placentas. Infants with FM were subdivided into two groups: appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and small for gestational age (SGA).
RESULTS
The proportion of subjects having antepartum complications was 18.9% in the FM group, whereas none was found in the control group. Similarly, a significant portion, 83.8% of the study group, had gross placental abnormalities, while the control group had none. The placental microscopic findings in the study group included perivillous fibrin deposition, calcification, necrosis, retroplacental hematoma, and infarction. In contrast, the control group had only perivillous fibrin deposition and calcification. Placental histopathological findings between FM term AGA and SGA neonates were also compared, and no statistically significant differences were found (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Placental findings in malnourished term AGA neonates are not different from findings documented in malnourished SGA cases, but they are different from those in well-nourished term AGA newborns.
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10.1111/j.1442-200X.2008.02773.x
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pubmed_165_4133
|
An economic evaluation of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) for intestinal failure is presented. The cost-utility of HPN and factors affecting the cost-utility ratio were examined to determine whether current practice is the most efficient way of treating intestinal failure. Quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained were measured using a validated health status questionnaire. The cost of treating a patient with intestinal failure was calculated, and marginal cost per QALY gained ratios were obtained. The cost per QALY for an average patient was approximately 68,975 pounds, but the value for patients over 55 years of age of about 126,865 pounds compared with approximately 58,233 pounds for those under 44 years. Treating a patient in hospital rather than at home increased the estimated cost per QALY to approximately 190,000 pounds. The current practice of home care is about 65 per cent more cost-effective than hospital care.
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10.1046/j.1365-2168.1996.02308.x
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pubmed_345_14078
|
AIM OF THE STUDY
We developed an experimental rat model to explore the possibility of enhancing the healing of critical-size bone defects. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of this concept by achieving high local BMP-2 expression via a transduced muscle flap that would facilitate bony union while minimizing systemic sequelae.
METHODS
The transduction potential of the adenoviral vector encoding for BMP-2 was tested in different cell lines in vitro. In vivo experiments consisted of harvesting a pedicled quadriceps femoris muscle flap with subsequent creation of a critical-size defect in the left femur in Sprague-Dawley rats. Next, the pedicled muscle flap was perfused with high titers of Ad.BMP-2 and Ad.GFP virus, respectively. Twelve animals were divided into three groups comparing the effects of Ad.BMP-2 transduction to Ad.GFP and placebo. Bone healing was monitored radiologically with subsequent histological analysis post-mortem.
RESULTS
The feasibility of this concept was demonstrated by successful transduction in vitro and in vivo as evidenced by a marked increase of BMP-2 expression. The three examined groups only showed minor difference regarding bone regeneration; however, one complete bridging of the defect was observed in the Ad.BMP-2 group. No evidence of systemic viral contamination was noted.
CONCLUSIONS
A marked increase of local BMP-2 expression (without untoward systemic sequelae) was detected. However, bone healing was not found to be significantly enhanced, possibly due to the small sample size of the study.
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10.1186/s13018-015-0196-6
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pubmed_1066_16252
|
The disruption of bone homeostasis with the decrease in osteoblastic bone formation and facilitated osteoclastic bone resorption is the leading cause of periprosthetic osteolysis. Accumulative studies have indicated that irisin has the function of maintaining and rebalancing bone homeostasis. In this study, we explored the protective effect of irisin on wear-particle-induced osteolysis in mice. The results showed that irisin effectively inhibited titanium (Ti) particle-induced calvarial osteolysis, supported by a lower bone loss and existence of more collagen, compared with the ones stressed by Ti particles. Further analysis demonstrated that irisin not only rescued Ti-particle-impaired osteogenesis derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) but also alleviated the increase in wear-particle-induced nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) secreted by BMSCs-derived osteoblasts, which consequently restrained the activation of osteoclasts. Meanwhile, irisin inhibited osteoclastogenesis by the direct inactivation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling. These results revealed that irisin functions to fight against osteolysis caused by wear particles through rebalancing the periprosthetic bone homeostasis microenvironment, which may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for the management of osteolysis and induced prosthetic loosening.
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10.1039/d1bm00563d
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pubmed_1050_20670
|
Histamine, which is a naturally occurring chemical in seafood, is known to cause undesirable inflammatory response when consumed in large amounts. Histamine is produced in unsafe amounts in colored seafood when improperly stored for just a few hours. Food and health regulatory bodies across the world have guidelines limiting the amount of histamine in fresh as well as processed seafood. Conventional histamine detection is performed in testing labs, which is a slow process and results in bottlenecks in the seafood supply-chain system. A system to rapidly detect the seafood histamine levels on site is very desirable for seafood suppliers. Herein, we describe an impedance-based histamine detection sensor built on a flexible substrate that can detect histamine in the range of 100-500 ppm. Moreover, our sensor discriminates histamine in the presence of DL-histidine and other biogenic amines, with the selectivity provided by molecular imprinting technology. As a proof of concept, a smartphone controlled, portable semi-quantitative histamine sensing device was fabricated that gave out reliable testing results for histamine in different test solutions as well as for real seafood. We believe this technology can be extended towards determination of other food contaminants in aqueous solutions.
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10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124609
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pubmed_867_8356
|
Periarticular connective tissue is one important part of the musculoskeletal system. Its unique ability to adapt to the shortest distance between its origin and insertion, however, produces harmful effects during immobilization. All situations that lead to immobilization can cause some degree of degenerative change in the musculoskeletal system. When immobilization, whatever its cause, cannot be avoided, every attempt should be made to minimize it and to try to treat its harmful effects. There is some evidence that early mobilization, traction, and continuous passive motion overcome the harmful effects of immobilization, but more knowledge on this subject is needed. Animal experiments play an important role in the attainment of knowledge of immobilization and mobilization processes in health and disease.
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pubmed_867_8356
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pubmed_399_1567
|
beta-Hydroxylation of aspartic acid is a post-translational modification that occurs in several vitamin K-dependent coagulation proteins. By use of a synthetic substrate comprised of the first epidermal growth factor-like domain in human factor IX and either mouse L-cell extracts or rat liver microsomes as the source of enzyme, in vitro aspartyl beta-hydroxylation was accomplished. Aspartyl beta-hydroxylase appears to require the same cofactors as known alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases. The hydroxylation reaction proceeds with the same stereospecificity and occurs only at the aspartate corresponding to the position seen in vivo. Further purification and characterization of this enzymatic activity should now be possible.
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10.1073/pnas.86.10.3609
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pubmed_240_13294
|
Rift Valley fever and Toscana viruses are human pathogens for which no effective therapeutics exist. These and other phleboviruses have segmented negative-sense RNA genomes that are sequestered by a nucleocapsid protein (N) to form ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes of irregular, asymmetric structure, previously uncharacterized at high resolution. N binds nonspecifically to single-stranded RNA with nanomolar affinity. Crystal structures of Rift Valley fever virus N-RNA complexes reconstituted with defined RNAs of different length capture tetrameric, pentameric and hexameric N-RNA multimers. All N-N subunit contacts are mediated by a highly flexible α-helical arm. Arm movement gives rise to the three multimers in the crystal structures and also explains the asymmetric architecture of the RNP. Despite the flexible association of subunits, the crystal structures reveal an invariant, monomeric RNP building block, consisting of the core of one N subunit, the arm of a neighboring N, and four RNA nucleotides with the flanking phosphates. Up to three additional RNA nucleotides bind between subunits. The monomeric building block is matched in size to the repeating unit in viral RNP, as visualized by electron microscopy. N sequesters four RNA bases in a narrow hydrophobic binding slot and has polar contacts only with the sugar-phosphate backbone, which faces the solvent. All RNA bases, whether in the binding slot or in the subunit interface, face the protein in a manner that is incompatible with base pairing or with "reading" by the viral polymerase.
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10.1073/pnas.1213553109
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pubmed_360_10632
|
The "Rêve éveillé dirigé" by R. Desoille, is a real method of deep psychotherapy directed to the individual selfknowledge through the discovery of his unconscious. The special thing about this method is knowledge through imagination, under determined technical conditions and guided by the psychotherapist according to well defined clues. The result of these workings of the imagination is interpreted later in discussion sessions. The systematic use of these devices in long term treatments leads to a progressive connection of the individual's imaginary world with his past history and his present conflicts. The therapeutic effect of this method evolves out to the utilization of imaginary language--which is preverbal, arcaica and near the primary process--together with the possible manipulation of it. The progressive integration of unconscious phantasies, affects and verbal experiences is enhanced by the imaginary dramatization and is completed by the interpretation of the production of the patient. This process would not be possible without a positive transference that allowed the subject to express his prohibited phantasies. This is the reason why the relationship between the therapist and the patient is--as in any profound psychotherapy happens--the basis of the method. This must be made conscious and conveniently managed by the psychotherapist, but this is seldom done. The paper is completed with a basic bibliography where the most significative works are listed and commented briefly upon so that anybody can go more deeply into the matter.
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pubmed_360_10632
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pubmed_444_1592
|
Many Gram-negative bacteria communicate by using homoserine lactones (HSLs) as quorum sensing (QS) signals in a cell density-dependent manner. In addition to fatty acyl-HSL (acyl-HSL) signals, certain strains, most of them associated with plants, produce non-canonical aryl-HSLs such as cinnamoyl-HSL. However, the role of aryl-HSL in endophytic associations remained elusive. Bradyrhizobium sp. strain ORS278 possesses a LuxI-LuxR type QS system and produces cinnamoyl-HSL as a QS signal. Here, we report that strain ORS278 promotes growth of domesticated rice (Oryza sativa). QS mutants unable to produce cinnamoyl-HSL exhibited reduced plant-growth promoting activity in comparison to the parent strain ORS278. Likewise, the QS mutants were impaired in their ability to colonize rice roots. These findings suggest that genes controlled by cinnamoyl-HSL play an important role in the association between rice and ORS278. However, biofilm production was not visibly altered in these mutants. In conclusion, our study highlights the importance of aryl-HSLs in endophytic plant-bacteria interactions.
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10.1111/1758-2229.12885
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pubmed_124_1023
|
This report describes 3 cases of yellow nail syndrom. The examination either did not reveal lymphedemas or only transitory edemas were found. But both typical changes of nails and chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract were found. Remarkably enough, two of our patients showed a decrease in serum immunoglobulin M (IgM). Both patients had a most serious disorder of the respiratory tract. In the form of a table this report contains a survey of the literature published hitherto about the combinations of symptoms of yellow nail syndrom occurring most frequently.
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pubmed_124_1023
|
pubmed_1073_3256
|
In this review we summarize available data showing the abundance of structural disorder within the nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) from three paramyxoviruses, namely the measles (MeV), Nipah (NiV) and Hendra (HeV) viruses. We provide a detailed description of the molecular mechanisms that govern the disorder-to-order transition that the intrinsically disordered C-terminal domain (NTAIL) of their N proteins undergoes upon binding to the C-terminal X domain (XD) of the homologous P proteins. We also show that a significant flexibility persists within NTAIL-XD complexes, which therefore provide illustrative examples of "fuzziness". The functional implications of structural disorder for viral transcription and replication are discussed in light of the ability of disordered regions to establish a complex molecular partnership and to confer a considerable reach to the elements of the replicative machinery.
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10.1007/978-3-319-20164-1_12
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pubmed_383_12165
|
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has unfolded an unprecedented worldwide public health emergency with disastrous economic consequences. Around 96 million coronavirus cases have already been identified with over half a million deaths. Despite numerous efforts by the government as well as international organizations, these numbers are still increasing with a surprising rate. Although urgent and absolutely necessary, a reliable therapeutic or vaccine is still elusive and this status quo may remain for an uncertain period of time. Taken that into account, boosting up adaptive immunity through nutritional interventions may help subside this epidemic and save many lives. This review focuses on the nexus between a balanced diet and adaptive immunity, particularly, how a poor diet may lead to compromised immunity resulting in susceptibility to viral infections. Additionally, we discuss how nutrients (vitamins, minerals, trace elements) can be used as a tool to modulate immune response and thus impede viral infections. The study also summarizes nutritional recommendations to combat COVID-19 in different countries and territories as well as dietary sources of those key nutrients. Moreover, different nutritional intervention strategies based on different age groups, physiological and medical conditions were also included, and the challenges of nutritional interventions towards the care of COVID-19 patients are also discussed. Since the availability of a drug or vaccine is still uncertain, a balanced diet or nutrient therapy can be used as a robust strategy to combat COVID-19. Thus, we hope this review may help to make an informed decision with regard to diet choice both at individual level as well as clinical settings.
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10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06285
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pubmed_92_24561
|
In this paper, we demonstrate a rapid and reproducible 1D LC-MS/MS workflow for fast quantitative proteomic research. We have optimized the LC-MS/MS conditions, including digestion and gradient conditions, sample loading amount, and MS parameter settings. As a result, we were able to obtain twice as many protein identifications compared with the LC-MS/MS conditions before optimization. More than 4500 protein groups and 50 000 peptides were identified in less than 8 h without any fractionation. This 1D workflow was then applied to the analysis of the MLN4924 treated/untreated human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) samples with label-free quantification. In these experiments, a total of 179 proteins showed a statistically significant expression change after the MLN4924 treatment. Functional analysis showed that these proteins are associated with cell death and survival; gene expression; cell cycle; and DNA replication, recombination, and repair.
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10.1002/pmic.201300510
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pubmed_94_214
|
Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) is a skeletal deformity disease in broilers that occurs when vascularization in the growth plate (GP) is below normal. Although, blood vessels have been reported to contribute significantly in bone formation. Therefore, in the current study, we have examined the mRNA expression of angiogenesis-related genes in erythrocytes of thiram induced TD chickens by qRT-PCR and performed histopathological analysis to determine regulatory effect of recombinant Glutathione-S-Transferase A3 (rGSTA3) protein in response to the destructive effect of thiram following the injection of rGSTA3 protein. Histopathology results suggested that, blood vessels of GPs were damaged in thiram induced TD chicken group (D), it also affected the area and density of blood vessels. In the 20 and 50 μg·kg-1 of rGSTA3 protein-administered groups, E and F vessels appeared to be normal and improved on day 6 and 15. Furthermore, qRT-PCR results showed that rGSTA3 protein significantly (P < .05) up-regulated the expression of the most important angiogenesis-related integrin family genes ITGA2, ITGA5, ITGB2, ITGB3, ITGAV. The expression level of other genes including TBXA2R, FYN, IQGAP2, IL1R1, GIT1, RAP1B, RPL17, RAC2, MAML3, PTPN11, VAV1, PTCH1, NCOR2, CLU and ITGB3 up-regulated on dosage of rGSTA3 protein. In conclusion, angiogenesis is destroyed in thiram induced TD broilers, and rGSTA3 protein injection improved the vascularization of GPs by upregulating the angiogenesis related genes most importantly integrin family genes ITGAV, ITGA2, ITGB2, ITGB3, ITGA5.
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10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.05.007
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pubmed_318_2746
|
Four new cases of spontaneous extravasation of contrast medium during intravenous urography have been described. All were due to non-acute obstruction of the ureter. This is relatively uncommon as most of the cases previously described have been due to passage of a ureteric calculus. Two of the patients improved after relief of the obstruction. In one a nephrectomy was carried out, and one patient died of an unrelated cause before the obstruction could be relieved.
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10.1259/0007-1285-50-599-793
|
pubmed_28_7045
|
Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia globally. The global prevalence of atrial fibrillation is positively correlated with the sociodemographic index of different regions. Advancing age, male sex, and Caucasian race are risk factors; female sex is correlated with higher atrial fibrillation mortality worldwide likely owing to thromboembolic risk. African American ethnicity is associated with lower atrial fibrillation risk, same as Asian and Hispanic/Latino ethnicities compared with Caucasians. Atrial fibrillation may be heritable, and more than 100 genetic loci have been identified. A polygenic risk score and clinical risk factors are feasible and effective in risk stratification of incident disease.
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10.1016/j.ccep.2020.10.010
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pubmed_20_2620
|
BACKGROUND
To explore the implications for public health policy of a new conceptualisation of health as 'The ability to adapt and to self-manage, in the face of social, physical and emotional challenges'.
METHODS
Secondary qualitative data analysis of 28 focus group interviews, with 277 participants involved in public health and healthcare, on the future of the Dutch healthcare system. WHO's essential public health operations (EPHOs) were used as a framework for analysis.
RESULTS
Starting from the new concept of health, participants perceived health as an individual asset, requiring an active approach in the Dutch population towards health promotion and adaptation to a healthy lifestyle. Sectors outside healthcare and public health were considered as resources to support individual lifestyle improvement. Integrating prevention and health promotion in healthcare is also expected to stimulate individuals to comply with a healthy lifestyle. Attention should be paid to persons less skilled to self-manage their own health, as this group may require a healthcare safety net. The relationship between individual and population health was not addressed, resulting in little focus on collective prevention to achieve health.
CONCLUSIONS
The new concept of health as a basis for changes in the healthcare system offers opportunities to create a health-promoting societal context. However, inequalities in health within the general population may increase when using the new concept as an operationalisation of health. For public health, the main challenge is to maintain focus on the collective socioeconomic and environmental determinants of health and disease and, thereby, preserve collective prevention.
|
10.1093/eurpub/ckv206
|
pubmed_862_6083
|
Disruption of the Wnt pathway is thought to be crucial in the development of human cancer. Pathway inhibitory members of the secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRP) family were found to be downregulated due to epigenetic inactivation in various malignancies. To date, only SFRP1 has been studied in human breast cancer and we questioned whether other SFRP genes may be implicated in the pathogenesis of this disease as well. An initial real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of SFRP5 expression in normal human tissues (n = 9) revealed weak expression in most tissues, including breast. Malignant mammary cell lines showed further SFRP5 expression loss in five of six cases. Consistently, in matched pairs of primary breast tumor/normal breast tissue, this downregulation (>5-fold) could be confirmed (n = 8/13; 62%). We identified promoter methylation as the predominant mechanism of SFRP5 gene silencing since SFRP5 promoter methylation correlated significantly with loss of SFRP5 expression in cell lines (P = 0.040) and primary tumors (P = 0.003). Moreover, cancerous cell lines re-expressed SFRP5 messenger RNA following treatment with DNA-demethylating drugs. Of 168 primary breast carcinomas, 73% harbored a methylated SFRP5 promoter, whereas 27% were unaffected by epigenetic alteration. Most interestingly, SFRP5 methylation was associated with reduced overall survival (OS) (P = 0.045) and was an independent risk factor affecting OS in a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model (hazard ratio): 4.55; 95% confidence interval: 1.01-20.56; P = 0.049). In conclusion, SFRP5 is a target of epigenetic inactivation in human breast cancer, supporting the hypothesis of its role as tumor suppressor gene. SFRP5 methylation may be a novel DNA-based biomarker potentially useful in clinical breast cancer management.
|
10.1093/carcin/bgn076
|
pubmed_856_2030
|
BACKGROUND
The type of content that influences plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS) residency program selection and attracts applicants is continually changing and not clearly understood. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a major yet undetermined impact on residency selection.
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study was to determine the type of PRS social media (SM) content that drives prospective applicants' interest in a residency program, and the degree of SM influence on applicants, especially in the context of COVID-19.
METHODS
Prospective PRS residency applicants were surveyed anonymously.
RESULTS
An average of 60% of respondents reported that PRS SM content influenced their perception of a program. Fifty-eight percent reported that resident lifestyle content made them more interested in a program. Separately, 32% reported that resident lifestyle content influenced them to rank a program higher. Seventy-two percent of respondents claimed SM content did not make them lose interest in a program. Rarely posting, outdated content, and lack of engagement were cited as factors for loss of interest in a program. A majority of respondents (53%) reported wanting to see more resident life and culture content on SM. Of the existing PRS SM content, respondents were most interested in resident lifestyle, followed by clinical and program-specific content.
CONCLUSIONS
The COVID-19 pandemic amplified the importance of SM PRS residency selection. Resident lifestyle content was consistently indicated as more likely to make respondents gain interest in a program, rank a program higher, and as the most desired content. PRS programs will benefit from highlighting resident camaraderie, quality of life, hobbies, and lifestyle to attract applicants.
|
10.1093/asj/sjab222
|
pubmed_205_16908
|
The nicotine-derived 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), present in tobacco smoke, is most likely involved in lung carcinogenesis in smokers. We demonstrated previously that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis, although the mechanism(s) is unknown. The present study demonstrates that, in U937 human macrophages, cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 are involved in the bioactivation of NNK to electrophilic mutagenic intermediates. We observed that acetylsalicylic acid and NS-398 decrease COX-dependent NNK activation in U937 cells by 66 and 37%, respectively. NSAIDs also decrease prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) synthesis, which is induced in a dose-dependent manner, reaching a 7-fold increase, in NNK-treated human U937 cells. We observed that NNK induces COX-1 expression and activates the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), in U937 cells. N:-acetyl-L-cysteine and pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, two inhibitors of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibit NNK-induced PGE2 synthesis by 41 and 44%, respectively. These data suggest that ROS, generated during pulmonary metabolism of NNK could act as signal transduction messengers and activate NF-kappaB, which will subsequently induce COX-1 activity and increase PGE(2) synthesis. These results reveal a novel aspect of tobacco carcinogenesis, and give us insight into the mechanisms of chemoprevention by NSAIDs. Accordingly, inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, leading to the inhibition of COX, offers a new approach in lung cancer prevention.
|
10.1093/carcin/21.9.1745
|
pubmed_567_10734
|
In the present study, the outcome, patterns of local recurrence and survival, as well as prognostic factors, were evaluated in patients surgically treated for soft tissue sarcomas. Between January 1979 and July 1993, 316 consecutive patients were referred to the Sarcoma Centre in Aarhus with localised malignant soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities or trunk. There were 161 men (51%) and 155 women (49%), the median age was 56 years (1-94). Histologically 52 patients (16%) had a grade I, 60 patients (19%) a grade 2 and 204 patients (65%) a grade 3A or 3B tumour. The five-year local recurrence rate was 18% and the five-year survival rate was 75%. Multivariate analysis indicated the following variables as independent unfavourable factors for local recurrence: extracompartmental location, histological high-grade (i.e. histologically highly malignant) local excision, no adjuvant radiotherapy and intralesional/marginal excision. Independent unfavourable factors for survival were advanced age, extracompartmental location, histological high-grade, lower extremity location and large tumour size. Based on these variables, a prognostic model was made.
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pubmed_567_10734
|
pubmed_795_13065
|
The inv(16)(p13q22) is observed in 16% of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). It is classically found in the AML M4Eo subtype, which has distinctive morphological abnormalities in the bone marrow including myelomonocytic differentiation and an increase in atypical bone marrow eosinophils. A gene fusion involving CBFbeta and MYH11 is invariably created by the inv(16)(p13q22) and is thought to be a necessary genetic lesion in this form of leukemia. The most common fusion point occurs at CBFbeta nucleotide (nt) 495 and MYH11 nt 1921; however, several rare variants have been described. We report a patient with AML M4Eo whose leukemic cells contained two distinct CBFbeta-MYH11 transcripts, one rare and the other previously undescribed. Both gene fusion products were cloned and sequenced and the breakpoints were identified. These were at CBFbeta nt 495 and MYH11 nt 994 and CBFbeta nt486 and MYH11 nt 1591. The CBFbeta(495)/MYH11(994) fusion is seen in 5-7% of AML M4Eo, while the CBFbeta(486)/MYH11(1591) fusion is novel. We postulate that these two fusions arose from a single rearranged chromosome 16 by way of alternative splicing. These fusions were associated with a good prognosis in this patient. Molecular diagnostic facilities should be aware of the existence of the CBFbeta(486)/MYH11(1591) variant and its potential association with the previously described type E fusion.
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10.1080/1042819021000015989-1
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pubmed_472_24801
|
OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to evaluate the impact of a dedicated resuscitation and stabilization (RAS) room and process changes on infant stabilization time.
STUDY DESIGN
A prospective quality improvement study was conducted on preterm infants in a tertiary care center. A dedicated RAS room, preresuscitation huddle, infant-isolette-ventilator pairing and improved documentation were implemented. The primary outcome was median time to stabilization and secondary outcomes were illness severity on day 1 and morbidity at discharge.
RESULTS
A sustained reduction in median time to stabilization from 90 min in the preimplementation phase to 72 min in the sustainability phase was observed. All planned and iterative process changes were integrated into the RAS team's daily routine. Time to completion of procedures decreased, illness severity and morbidity remained unchanged.
CONCLUSION
A dedicated RAS room adjacent to the delivery suite in conjunction with process changes improves efficiency of care.
|
10.1038/jp.2016.205
|
pubmed_28_16380
|
Most opposition to abortion stands or falls on whether a fetus is the sort of being whose life it is seriously wrong to end. In her influential paper 'A defense of abortion,' Judith Jarvis Thomson effectively sidesteps this issue, assuming the fetus is a person with the right to life yet arguing this alone does not give it the right to use the mother's body. In a recent article, Perry Hendricks takes inspiration from Thomson and assumes the fetus is not a person, arguing that abortion is wrong because causing fetal impairment is wrong and abortion is worse than causing fetal impairment. Here I argue Hendricks' impairment argument fails. For Hendricks, risking fetal impairment is wrong because it risks harm to a future person, but if we assume the fetus is not a person, abortion doesn't harm anyone, it merely prevents them from existing.
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10.1111/bioe.12844
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pubmed_409_432
|
Long survival in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), including total disappearance of clinical signs, is rare. Two cases are reported. They concern a girl and a boy who, at age 13 and 15, developed SSPE and are still in remission 6 and 5 years later. After a typical onset and course over periods of 12 and 18 months, clinical improvement was observed and periodic EEG complexes disappeared. However, the electrophoretic oligoclonal pattern of CSF proteins and the elevated measles titers persisted (in one case specific CSF IgM were still increased 6 years after the onset). MRI showed asymmetrical areas of high-intensity signal in both white and gray matter, predominant in the temporal, parietal and occipital regions. The age at which SSPE begins and the interval between measles and SSPE onset are not prognostic factors. On the other hand, in reported cases with lasting remission SSPE did not progress beyond Jabbour's stage II. The second typical feature of these long-term improvements is disappearance of EEG periodic complexes and emergence of a normal basic background activity. No other prognostic factor has been reported.
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pubmed_409_432
|
pubmed_605_23722
|
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the discourse of nurse managers related to conditions that (dis)favor the control of tuberculosis in the elderly.
METHOD
This study is qualitative and was held in a city considered a priority in the control of tuberculosis in Paraiba. Data collection was carried out between February and May 2014, through semi-structured interviews with eleven nurse managers. French Discourse Analysis was used the to analyze the empirical material.
RESULTS
The following discursive block was identified in the analysis: Conditions that (dis)favor the control of tuberculosis in the elderly. It was made evident that the training processes represent an important component in the effective control of this disease in the elderly. However, the speeches pointed to the maintenance of traditional educational practices in training and that tuberculosis in older people is not perceived as a priority.
CONCLUSION
The nurse managers should trigger training processes to improve the control of tuberculosis in elderly patients based on continuing health education.
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10.1590/1983-1447.2016.04.57327
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pubmed_445_15712
|
In order to obtain further information about the stimulatory action of excess iodide on thyroid hormone secretion in thyroxine (T4)-treated rats, experiments were performed in hypophysectomized rats, or rats treated with graded doses of T4 or triiodothyronine (T3).T3 as well as T4 played a permissive role in the production of the iodide effect in normal animals, but T3 was more effective than T4. Excess iodide stimulated thyroid hormone secretion in hypophysectomized animals, this finding being compatible with the hypothesis that, by inhibiting TSH secretion, T3 and T4 produced a condition in which excess iodide stimulated thyroid hormone secretion in intact rats. However, T4 played an additional role in thyroid hormone secretion by acting directly on the thyroid. In hypophysectomized animals, small doses of T4 stimulated thyroid hormone secretion, and this action was additive to that of excess iodide, whereas large doses of T4 were inhibitory and reduced the effectiveness of excess iodide. The stimulatory action on thyroid hormone secretion was specific for iodide and was not shared by other anions. The action of excess iodide was blocked by methimazole. We suggest that excess iodide stimulates thyroid hormone secretion by increasing intrathyroidal concentrations of cyclic AMP in the absence of TSH, and that this increase in cyclic AMP concentration is blocked by methimazole.
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10.1210/endo-99-2-541
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pubmed_308_23712
|
BACKGROUND
Conventional spirometric parameters have shown poor correlation with symptoms and health status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While it is well-known that the pattern of the expiratory flow-volume curve (EFVC) represents ventilatory dysfunction, little attempts have been made to derive quantitative parameters by analyzing the curve. In this study, we aimed to derive useful parameters from EFVC via graphic analysis and tried to validate them in patients with COPD.
METHODS
Using Graphical Analysis 3.4 Vernier Software, we derived from the EFVC such parameters as area of obstruction (Ao), area of triangle (AT), area of rectangle (AR) and ratio of volume at 75 and 25% peak expiratory flow (PEF) (0.25/0.75 V). For validation, we reviewed clinical and spirometric data of 61 COPD patients from Seoul National University Airway Registry (SNUAR) and Korean obstructive Lung Disease (KOLD) cohorts.
RESULTS
Of all parameters, only RV/TLC significantly correlated with scores from St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) (r = 0.447, p = 0.037). Six-minute walking distance (6MWD) highly correlated with Ao/AR (r = -0.618, p = 0.005) and Ao/PEF (r = -0.581, p = 0.009) whereas neither FEV1 nor FEV1/FVC had significant correlation with 6MWD.
CONCLUSIONS
Ao/AR and Ao/PEF are promising parameters which correlate well with the exercising capacity of COPD patients.
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10.1186/s12890-016-0182-8
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pubmed_916_17127
|
Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were prepared by direct current atmospheric pressure glow microdischarge (dc-μAPGD) generated between a miniature argon flow microjet and a flowing liquid cathode. The applied discharge system was operated in a continuous flow liquid mode. The influence of various stabilizers added to the solution of the liquid cathode, i.e., gelatin (GEL), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), as well as the concentration of the Au precursor (chloroauric acid, HAuCl4) in the solution on the production growth of Au NPs was investigated. Changes in the intensity of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) band in UV/Vis absorption spectra of solutions treated by dc-μAPGD and their color were observed. The position and the intensity of the LSPR band indicated that relatively small nanoparticles were formed in solutions containing GEL as a capping agent. In these conditions, the maximum of the absorption LSPR band was at 531, 534, and 535 nm, respectively, for 50, 100, and 200 mg L-1 of Au. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to analyze the structure and the morphology of obtained Au NPs. The shape of Au NPs was spherical and uniform. Their mean size was ca. 27, 73, and 92 nm, while the polydispersity index was 0.296, 0.348, and 0.456 for Au present in the solution of the flowing liquid cathode at a concentration of 50, 100, and 200 mg L-1, respectively. The production rate of synthesized Au NPs depended on the precursor concentration with mean values of 2.9, 3.5, and 5.7 mg h-1, respectively.
|
10.1007/s11051-015-2992-7
|
pubmed_20_23710
|
Stormwater wet detention ponds have been a commonly employed best management practice for stormwater management throughout the world for many years. In the past, the trophic state index values have been used to evaluate seasonal changes in water quality and rank lakes within a region or between several regions; yet, to date, there is no similar index for stormwater wet detention ponds. This study aimed to develop a new multivariate trophic state index (MTSI) suitable for conducting a rapid eutrophication assessment of stormwater wet detention ponds under uncertainty with respect to three typical physical and chemical properties. Six stormwater wet detention ponds in Florida were selected for demonstration of the new MTSI with respect to total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and Secchi disk depth (SDD) as cognitive assessment metrics to sense eutrophication potential collectively and inform the environmental impact holistically. Due to the involvement of multiple endogenous variables (i.e., TN, TP, and SDD) for the eutrophication assessment simultaneously under uncertainty, fuzzy synthetic evaluation was applied to first standardize and synchronize the sources of uncertainty in the decision analysis. The ordered probit regression model was then formulated for assessment based on the concept of MTSI with the inputs from the fuzzy synthetic evaluation. It is indicative that the severe eutrophication condition is present during fall, which might be due to frequent heavy summer storm events contributing to high-nutrient inputs in these six ponds.
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10.1007/s10661-015-5073-6
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pubmed_584_7609
|
Three 26 kDa proteins, named as TJ-CRVP, NA-CRVP1 and NA-CRVP2, were isolated from the venoms of Trimeresurus jerdonii and Naja atra, respectively. The N-terminal sequences of TJ-CRVP and NA-CRVPs were determined. These components were devoid of the enzymatic activities tested, such as phospholipase A(2), arginine esterase, proteolysis, L-amino acid oxidase, 5'nucleotidase, acetylcholinesterase. Furthermore, these three components did not have the following biological activities: coagulant and anticoagulant activities, lethal activity, myotoxicity, hemorrhagic activity, platelet aggregation and platelet aggregation-inhibiting activities. These proteins are named as cysteine-rich venom protein (CRVP) because their sequences showed high level of similarity with mammalian cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP) family. Recently, some CRISP-like proteins were also isolated from several different snake venoms, including Agkistrodon blomhoffi, Trimeresurus flavoviridis, Lanticauda semifascita and king cobra. We presumed that CRVP might be a common component in snake venoms. Of particular interest, phylogenetic analysis and sequence alignment showed that NA-CRVP1 and ophanin, both from elapid snakes, share higher similarity with CRVPs from Viperidae snakes.
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10.1016/s0041-0101(03)00234-4
|
pubmed_1095_1381
|
Most official childhood lead-poisoning prevention efforts focus on children living in poor neighborhoods in older houses. But a current trend in home decorating that promotes the use of expensive antiques or used artifacts with chipped, chalky, or peeling paint may be exposing a different population of children to lead. The objectives of the research reported here were (1) to assess the extent to which antiques with damaged paint are promoted in the popular home-decorating print media and over the Internet and (2) to gauge whether a casual shopper is apt to purchase lead-hazardous antiques in the United States. The study found that antiques that tested positive for lead on a qualitative test were easily purchased from antique stores throughout the United States. Many of the items were toys or other items that would be attractive to children.
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pubmed_1095_1381
|
pubmed_974_18379
|
During radiotherapy to kill femoral hydatid tapeworms, the sciatic nerve surrounding the focus can be easily damaged by the treatment. Thus, it is very important to evaluate the effects of radiotherapy on the surrounding nervous tissue. In the present study, we used three-dimensional, conformal, intensity-modulated radiation therapy to treat bilateral femoral hydatid disease in Meriones meridiani. The focus of the hydatid disease on the left femur was subjected to radiotherapy (40 Gy) for 14 days, and the right femur received sham irradiation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, electron microscopy, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dUTP nick end labeling assays on the left femurs showed that the left sciatic nerve cell structure was normal, with no obvious apoptosis after radiation. Trypan blue staining demonstrated that the overall protoscolex structure in bone parasitized with Echinococcus granulosus disappeared in the left femur of the animals after treatment. The mortality of the protoscolex was higher in the left side than in the right side. The succinate dehydrogenase activity in the protoscolex in bone parasitized with Echinococcus granulosus was lower in the left femur than in the right femur. These results suggest that three-dimensional conformal intensity-modulated radiation therapy achieves good therapeutic effects on the secondary bone in hydatid disease in Meriones meridiani without damaging the morphology or function of the sciatic nerve.
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10.4103/1673-5374.143430
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pubmed_438_21098
|
Vomiting, the culminating sign of nausea, is primarily a protective reflex occurring in a wide variety of vertebrates. Even tough nausea and vomiting are among the most basic neural reflexes, they remain poorly understood. Poorly understood are the pathogenetic mechanisms from the anatomic receptor and neuroendocrine point of view. This is the reason why drugs are useful in some types of vomiting but not in others. The aim of this paper is to summarize current knowledge about anatomy of vomiting reflex, neurotransmitter receptor subtypes, agonists and antagonists of serotonin and substance P. Particularly in the treatment of post-chemotherapy and postoperative vomiting. It is pointed out that nausea an vomiting may be field of neurochemical and neuropharmacological research. Finally, in clinical research drugs for vomiting therapy may be useful in other pathologies (migraine, rheumatoid arthritis, bronchial asthma).
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pubmed_438_21098
|
pubmed_714_14147
|
Self-envy refers to envy of one's own inner resources. This term is an adjunct to the psychodynamic understanding of developmental self-arrest, defined as deliberate and defensive impairment of one's own abilities and accomplishments and the concealment of inner resources. The article suggests possible explanations for the formation of self-envy, emphasizing the formation of envious object representations and the construction of a part of the personality based on these introjections. The effects of self-envy on patient therapist relations are also described, focusing on two particular manifestations: attachment to the therapist as a defense against self-envy and attacking the therapeutic contract as one of the patient's assets. Excerpts from a case study are included.
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pubmed_714_14147
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pubmed_411_9047
|
Aim To evaluate the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and mineralization capacity of BIO-C PULPO, and MTA. Methodology L929 fibroblasts were cultured and MTT assay was used to determine the material cytotoxicity on 6, 24, and 48 h. A total of 30 male rats (Wistar) aged between 4 and 6 months, weighing between 250 and 300 g were used. Polyethylene tubes containing BIO-C PULPO, MTA, and empty tubes were implanted into dorsal connective tissue. After the experimental periods (7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days) the tubes were histologically analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), immunolabeling of IL-1β and TNF-α, and von Kossa staining, or without staining for polarized light analysis. The average number of inflammatory cells was quantified; the mineralization assessment was determined by the area marked in μm2 and semiquantitative immunolabeling analyses of IL-1β and TNF-α were performed. Then, data underwent statistical analysis with a 5% significance level. Results It was observed that BIO-C PULPO and MTA presented cytocompatibility at 6, 24, and 48 similar or higher than control for all evaluated period. On periods 7 and 15 days, BIO-C PULPO was the material with the highest number of inflammatory cells (p<0.05). On periods 30, 60, and 90 days, BIO-C PULPO and MTA presented similar inflammatory reactions (p>0.05). No statistical differences were found between Control, BIO-C PULPO, and MTA for immunolabeling of IL-1β and TNF-α in the different periods of analysis (p<0.05). Positive von Kossa staining and birefringent structures under polarized light were observed in all analyzed periods in contact with both materials, but larger mineralization area was found with BIO-C PULPO on day 90 (p<0.05). Conclusion BIO-C PULPO was biocompatible and induced mineralization similar to MTA.
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10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0033
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pubmed_143_18420
|
This paper investigates the possibility of applying novel microwave sensors for crack detection in reinforced concrete structures. Initially, a microstrip patch antenna with a split ring resonator (SRR) structure was designed, simulated and fabricated. To evaluate the sensor's performance, a series of structural tests were carried out and the sensor responses were monitored. Four reinforced concrete (RC) beam specimens, designed according to the European Standards, were tested under three-point bending. The load was applied incrementally to the beams and the static responses were monitored via the use of a load cell, displacement transducers and crack width gauges (Demec studs). In parallel, signal readings from the microwave sensors, which were employed prior to the casting of the concrete and located along the neutral axis at the mid-span of the beam, were recorded at various load increments. The microwave measurements were analysed and compared with those from crack width gauges. A strong linear relationship between the crack propagation and the electromagnetic signal across the full captured spectrum was found, demonstrating the technique's capability and its potential for further research, offering a reliable, low-cost option for structural health monitoring (SHM).
|
10.3390/s19235175
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pubmed_1045_14068
|
AIM
To investigate the effect of meloxicam on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) adhesion to human synovial cell (HSC), and to explore its mechanism.
METHODS
MTT colorimetry was used to determine the adhesion effect of PMN to HSC. Cell-ELISA and RT-PCR methods were used to determine the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Nuclear transcription factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) method.
RESULTS
Meloxicam was found to effectively inhibit TNF-alpha (50 u.mL-1 for 12 h) and IL-1 beta (50 u.mL-1 for 12 h)-induced adhesion of PMN to HSC (IC50 3.38 x 10(-7) mol.L-1 and 3.56 x 10(-6) mol.L-1, respectively) in a concentration-dependent manner. ICAM-1 protein and mRNA expression induced by TNF-alpha (50 u.mL-1) were inhibited by meloxicam at 1 x 10(-6)-1 x 10(-5) mol.L-1. The activation of NF-kappa B was also inhibited by meloxicam at 1 x 10(-6)-1 x 10(-5) mol.L-1.
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that meloxicam inhibit TNF-alpha stimulated PMN-HSC adhesion and expression of ICAM-1 by suppressing the activity of NF-kappa B.
|
pubmed_1045_14068
|
pubmed_932_16682
|
The illicit use of the three main forms of cannabis--marijuana, hash, hash oil--pose certain obstacles and challenges to the dental professional. There are a number of systemic, as well as oral/head and neck manifestations, associated with cannabis use. Dentists need to be aware of these manifestations in order to take whatever precautions and/or modifications to the proposed treatment that might be necessary.
|
pubmed_932_16682
|
pubmed_936_21166
|
INTRODUCTION AND METHODS
This study examined 85 parental-reports with 85 self-reports of autistic symptoms with the 84-item Coolidge Autistic Symptom Survey (CASS). The CASS covers all of the diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), as no studies to date have compared the self-reports of individuals with autism with parent- or significant-other-reports of those individuals using the complete DSM-5.
RESULTS
The CASS-Parental-Report and CASS-Self-Report exhibited excellent internal reliability (α = 0.97 and 0.96, respectively). There was support for the hypothesis that parental-reports and self-reports would be similar (r = 0.66, p < 0.001).
DISCUSSION
In conclusion, the CASS should be considered a promising tool for assessing autistic symptoms from both parent- and self-perspectives.
|
10.1002/jclp.23373
|
pubmed_840_19423
|
BACKGROUND
Acute liver failure is a rare complication of metastatic liver disease with a high mortality. Recognition of malignant infiltration of the liver as the cause of acute liver failure could be a diagnostic challenge.
PATIENTS
The medical files of 5 patients with acute liver failure due to metastatic liver disease collected over a 4-year period (1997-2000) in our department were reviewed.
RESULTS
No patient had a past history of cancer. The interval from jaundice to encephalopathy ranged from 7 to 12 days (median, 10). Physical examination revealed hepatomegaly and deep jaundice in all patients. AST elevation ranged from 147 to 1870 IU/L (median, 716 IU/L) and ALT elevation from 74 to 556 IU/L (median, 138 IU/L). All patients died within 4-14 days (median, 7) of admission. None had papillary edema or decerebrate posture before death. Four patients had concurrent renal impairment. Liver imaging studies in 2 of the 5 patients were nondiagnostic and the malignant liver infiltration was confirmed postmortem. Liver histology in all cases showed massive tumoral infiltration of the hepatic sinusoids with diffuse replacement of hepatocytes. The primary tumors were colon, gastric, small cell lung, pancreas and cancer of unknown origin.
CONCLUSIONS
Malignant infiltration of the liver should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of rapidly progressive liver failure. Although effective chemotherapy has improved the survival of patients with metastatic liver disease, there has been no change in the course and outcome of acute liver failure due to malignant infiltration of the liver over the last 2 decades. A proper diagnosis by liver biopsy is mandatory to prevent such patients from being considered for liver transplant.
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10.1177/030089160609200417
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pubmed_937_2759
|
This hospital-based study highlights the spectrum of eye ailments in 35,273 patients who attended the Department of Ophthalmology at the B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Eastern Nepal, during a 5-year period with varied clinical diagnosis. The attendance each year showed a progressive increase with a male preponderance. More than 13% of the patients were children. Cataract was the most common problem for which patients needed ophthalmic advice; diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy were frequent occurrences and infection was a common problem. Over 21% of the eyes examined had a refractive error: as high as 2.54% were amyblyopic caused by non-correction of refractive errors. Allergic conjunctivitis was frequently encountered. As shown by the magnitude of the problem, the existing eye care facilities must be enhanced and new strategies developed.
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10.1177/004947550203200415
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pubmed_1064_7414
|
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), including human Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), are caused by a related group of infectious agents that can be transmitted to many mammalian species. Because the infectious component of TSE agents has not been identified, we examined myeloid cell linked inflammatory pathways to find if they were activated early in CJD infection. We here identify a specific set of transcripts in CJD infected mouse brains that define early and later stages of progressive disease. Serum amyloid A3 and L-selectin mRNAs were elevated as early as 20 days after intracerebral inoculation. Transcripts of myeloid cell recruitment factors such as MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and MCP1, as well as IL1alpha and TNFalpha were upregulated > 10 fold between 30 and 40 days, well before prion protein (PrP) abnormalities that begin only after 80 days. At later stages of symptomatic neurodegenerative disease (100-110 days), a selected set of transcripts rose by as much as 100 fold. In contrast, normal brain inoculated controls showed no similar sequential changes. In sum, rapid and simple PCR tests defined progressive stages of CJD brain infection. These markers may also facilitate early diagnosis of CJD in accessible peripheral tissues such as spleen and blood. Because some TSE strains can differentially target particular cell types such as microglia, several of these molecular changes may also distinguish specific agent strains. The many host responses to the CJD agent challenge the assumption that the immune system does not recognize TSE infections because these agents are composed only of the host's own PrP.
|
10.1002/jcb.20220
|
pubmed_928_9888
|
Normal horse and guinea pig sera contain alpha 2-macroglobulin which inhibits the infectivity and hemagglutinating activity of influenza A viruses of the H2 and H3 subtypes. On the other hand, normal bovine serum contains a component termed beta inhibitor that inhibits the infectivity and hemagglutinating activity of influenza A viruses of the H1 and H3 subtypes. To investigate the nature of the beta inhibitor of influenza A virus, we purified the conglutinin and examined its characteristics. First, we found a high correlation between the hemagglutination inhibition(HI) titer and conglutinin titer in several bovine sera (r = 0.906, p less than 0.005). The HI of bovine serum was mainly dependent on conglutinin because the HI activity was abrogated by N-acetylglucosamine but not by D-mannose. The conglutinin, purified from bovine serum, had neutralizing-activity as well as HI activity on influenza A viruses of the H1 and H3 subtypes. The HI activity of conglutinin was heat stable (56 degrees C, 30 min), Ca(++)-dependent, and resistant to both neuraminidase and periodate treatments. The HI activity of purified conglutinin was blocked by N-acetylglucosamine but not by D-mannose. The conglutinin was bound to hemagglutinin which had high mannose and complex sugar chains and its binding was inhibited by N-acetylglucosamine and dependent on divalent cations. These data indicate that the beta-like inhibitor activity of bovine serum is mainly dependent on conglutinin which inhibits hemagglutination and neutralizes the virus infectivity by its binding to a carbohydrate site at the HA.
|
10.1016/0006-291x(92)90440-v
|
pubmed_809_5639
|
Manganese is an essential trace metal that is widely used in industry, particularly in the manufacture of steel. Exposure to high levels of manganese can cause neurotoxicity with the development of a form of parkinsonism known as manganism. It has recently been hypothesized that manganese exposure might also cause or accelerate the development of Parkinson disease (PD). This article is a review of the pathologic studies that have been reported in patients with manganism and in primates experimentally intoxicated with manganese. They demonstrate a consistent pattern characterized by damage to the globus pallidus (particularly the internal segment) with sparing of the substantia nigra pars compacta and the absence of Lewy bodies. This finding contrasts with what is seen in PD, in which there is preferential degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta coupled with Lewy bodies and preservation of the pallidum. These pathologic findings do not support the notion that manganese causes PD but rather argues that manganese-induced parkinsonism and PD are distinct and separate disease entities.
|
10.1097/nen.0b013e31812503cf
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pubmed_75_13266
|
The beneficial effect of immunoglobulin in preventing coronary artery aneurysms in patients with Kawasaki disease is recognized, but immunoglobulin should be selectively given to patients at high risk for coronary lesions. The present study was designed to present a scoring method to evaluate the severity of Kawasaki disease in terms of coronary artery disease based on clinical and early laboratory findings. Seventy-eight patients who were admitted at 4 to 7 days of illness and who had received aspirin alone during the acute febrile period were separated into 2 groups according to significant coronary artery involvement, and possible related factors to the discrimination of the 2 groups were studied using multivariate analysis. Age at onset, C-reactive protein and platelet count contributed significantly to the discrimination, and from these 3 items a simple scoring system was devised to predict patients at high risk for coronary lesions. Retrospective study using this scoring method indicated that significant coronary artery disease was more often seen in patients predicted to be at high risk treated with aspirin, while no patients who received immunoglobulin had coronary lesions of moderate or severe degree. Thus, the present scoring method provides simple but clinically useful criteria for predicting patients at high risk of coronary artery disease, and immunoglobulin therapy for selected patients may reduce the significant coronary artery complications of Kawasaki disease.
|
10.1016/0002-9149(86)90348-6
|
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