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pubmed_75_7004
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A single oral dose of ivermectin paste was administered to 12 horses with dermatitis and clinical signs typical of onchocerciasis. Two of the horses also had lesions of Queensland itch. Microfilarias of Onchocerca cervicalis were identified in fresh, macerated, skin biopsies from the neck, brisket or umbilical regions of all horses and microfilarias of O. gutturosa from the neck of 2. Eight of the horses developed skin reactions 4 to 24 h after the administration of the ivermectin, notably weals over the neck, shoulders and flanks and pitting oedema of the ventral midline and intermandibular space. Regression of the onchocerciasis lesions was evident within 7 days of treatment and affected skin had returned to normal within 3 months. The lesions of Queensland itch were not affected by the ivermectin treatment. Microfilarias were present in biopsies of skin, particularly in the superficial dermis, before treatment, but were absent from all skin biopsies taken one week after treatment. In some horses transient skin sensitivity reactions developed. Microfilarias began to reappear in the biopsies of some of the horses 2 months after treatment. It is concluded that the oral paste formulation of ivermectin, although not effective against adult onchocerca, is useful for the therapeutic control of microfilarias in the skin lesions of equine onchocerciasis.
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10.1111/j.1751-0813.1986.tb02955.x
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pubmed_1036_13846
|
BACKGROUND
About 5% of western populations are afflicted by autoimmune diseases many of which are affected by sex hormones. Autoimmune diseases are complex and involve many genes. Identifying these disease-associated genes contributes to development of more effective therapies. Also, association studies frequently imply genomic regions that contain disease-associated genes but fall short of pinpointing these genes. The identification of disease-associated genes has always been challenging and to date there is no universal and effective method developed.
RESULTS
We have developed a method to prioritize disease-associated genes for diseases affected strongly by sex hormones. Our method uses various types of information available for the genes, but no information that directly links genes with the disease. It generates a score for each of the considered genes and ranks genes based on that score. We illustrate our method on early-onset myasthenia gravis (MG) using genes potentially controlled by estrogen and localized in a genomic segment (which contains the MHC and surrounding region) strongly associated with MG. Based on the considered genomic segment 283 genes are ranked for their relevance to MG and responsiveness to estrogen. The top three ranked genes, HLA-G, TAP2 and HLA-DRB1, are implicated in autoimmune diseases, while TAP2 is associated with SNPs characteristic for MG. Within the top 35 prioritized genes our method identifies 90% of the 10 already known MG-associated genes from the considered region without using any information that directly links genes to MG. Among the top eight genes we identified HLA-G and TUBB as new candidates. We show that our ab-initio approach outperforms the other methods for prioritizing disease-associated genes.
CONCLUSION
We have developed a method to prioritize disease-associated genes under the potential control of sex hormones. We demonstrate the success of this method by prioritizing the genes localized in the MHC and surrounding region and evaluating the role of these genes as potential candidates for estrogen control as well as MG. We show that our method outperforms the other methods. The method has a potential to be adapted to prioritize genes relevant to other diseases.
|
10.1186/1471-2164-9-481
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pubmed_490_11783
|
It is known that pastes of fine powder, for example those of clay, retain memory of shaking applied early in a drying process. This memory results in the appearance of anisotropic patterns of desiccation cracks after drying. In this work, we find a similar behavior in pastes consisting of large granular particles, specifically cornstarch and Lycopodium spores. Because of the large particle size, we were able to observe particle arrangements in Lycopodium paste with micro-focus X-ray computerized tomography ( μ CT). We prepared pastes consisting of Lycopodium particles and water. Agar was added to the paste in order to allow for solidification during a drying process. In these samples, we found statistical anisotropy induced by shaking applied early in the drying process. This anisotropy possesses a feature that was predicted on the basis of results obtained in previous experimental and theoretical studies.
|
10.1140/epje/i2017-11578-4
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pubmed_806_5350
|
Introduction Treatment of recurrent severe gastrointestinal bleeding due to arteriovenous malformations may require complex resections. In some particular locations, extensive surgery is the only way out, as shown in this report. Case Report A 2.5-year-old child suffered repeated episodes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding since the first month of life. After an extensive diagnostic workout, the diagnosis of duodenal arteriovenous malformation was established. Cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy with pyloric preservation was performed and no further episodes of bleeding occurred in the ensuing 2 years. Conclusion Bleeding malformations located in the pancreaticoduodenal area can be effectively treated in children by pylorus-preserving cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy.
|
10.1055/s-0033-1357263
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pubmed_372_3925
|
BACKGROUND
Previous literature has investigated the association of this phenomenon and Internet addiction. Nevertheless, little research has been conducted to elucidate the predictive associations among these concepts among students.
OBJECTIVE
This study reported students' cyberchondria and Internet addiction, and it examined whether cyberchondria predicts Internet addiction.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
During the COVID-19 pandemic, cross-sectional data were collected using a web survey from a convenience snowball sample of 143 students enrolled in e-learning courses at a governmental university.
RESULTS
A moderate level of cyberchondria and a mild level of Internet addiction was evident among students. A moderate level of cyberchondria and a mild level of Internet addiction was evident among students. Moderate to high significant correlations were reported among the studied concepts and with the sample's characteristics. Cyberchondria and unavailability of the Internet at school were predictors of Internet addiction.
IMPLICATIONS
Healthcare providers, including nurses, should provide information that preserves students' mental health during stressful periods such as the COVID-19 pandemic and should offer clear instructions on stress and anxiety management during such times. A longer scale, especially for cyberchondria, is warranted in future research with a random and larger sample.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings suggest that cyberchondria serves as a predictor of Internet addiction, contrary to findings of previous studies. Various psychosocial interventions should always be initiated to help students prevent or address cyberchondria and Internet addiction.
|
10.1111/nuf.12682
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pubmed_584_314
|
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS
Low-dose, long-term administration of macrolides (macrolide therapy) has been used as an effective treatment for chronic respiratory tract diseases. The authors reported on the nasopharyngeal flora in children treated with macrolide therapy.
STUDY DESIGN
Prospective study.
METHODS
Nasopharyngeal cultures were obtained from 73 children with chronic rhinosinusitis and/or otitis media with effusion at the end of the low-dose administration of clarithromycin (macrolide group). As control subjects, 98 children with chronic rhinosinusitis and/or otitis media with effusion who were not given macrolides were also included in the study. The culture results were evaluated with respect to antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, risk factors for carriage of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae, and the clinical efficacy of the therapy.
RESULTS
The macrolide therapy did not have a significant effect on the incidence or the susceptibility patterns of potential pathogens except for Moraxella catarrhalis. Most of children in the macrolide group possessed a normal flora compared with the control children. The risk factors for carriage of erythromycin-resistant S pneumoniae were male gender in the macrolide group and age under 6 years and use of antimicrobial drugs other than macrolides in the control group. The clinical efficacy of the therapy was independent of carriage of erythromycin-resistant S pneumoniae.
CONCLUSION
Macrolide therapy has little effect on carriage of drug-resistant pathogens, and the efficacy of the therapy depends on the anti-inflammatory effect of the drugs, which is independent of their antimicrobial effect.
|
10.1097/00005537-200310000-00023
|
pubmed_69_16131
|
Bifidobacteria are intestinal anaerobes often associated with gut health. Specific bifidobacterial species are particularly common in the gastrointestinal tract of breast-fed infants. Current short read next-generation sequencing approaches to profile fecal microbial ecologies do not discriminate bifidobacteria to the species level. Here we describe a low-cost terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) procedure to distinguish between the common infant-associated bifidobacterial species. An empirical database of TRF sizes was created from both common reference strains and well-identified isolates from infant feces. Species-specific quantitative PCR validated bifidobacterial-specific TRFLP profiles from infant feces. These results indicate that bifidobacterial-specific TRFLP is a useful method to monitor intestinal bifidobacterial populations from infant fecal samples. When used alongside next generation sequencing methods that detect broader population levels at lower resolution, this high-throughput, low-cost tool can help clarify the role of bifidobacteria in health and disease.
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pubmed_69_16131
|
pubmed_789_3420
|
The two-dimensional electron systems in graphene and in topological insulators are described by massless Dirac equations. Although the two systems have similar Hamiltonians, they are polar opposites in terms of spin-orbit coupling strength. We briefly review the status of efforts to achieve long spin-relaxation times in graphene with its weak spin-orbit coupling, and to achieve large current-induced spin polarizations in topological-insulator surface states that have strong spin-orbit coupling. We also comment on differences between the magnetic responses and dilute-moment coupling properties of the two systems, and on the pseudospin analogue of giant magnetoresistance in bilayer graphene.
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10.1038/nmat3305
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pubmed_528_16850
|
BACKGROUND
Patients with a pear- or guitar-shaped body contour deformity are not frequently encountered, but represent a surgical challenge. Traditionally, these patients have been treated with belt lipectomies, lower body lifts, medial thigh lifts, and liposculpture because liposuction alone often is insufficient. This article describes an alternative method for performing a medial, anterior, and lateral thigh lift with a buttock lift and autoprosthesis augmentation through a single spiral incision easily concealed by underwear.
METHODS
A retrospective study of patients treated for body contour deformities from January 2004 to June 2006 was conducted. The inclusion criteria for spiral lift were lipodystrophy and excess skin and subcutaneous tissue of the thighs, flanks, and buttocks without contour deformities of the abdomen. The incision extends from the inferior crease of the buttocks along the inguinal crease and continues just inferior to the anterior iliac spine, spiraling above the buttocks and meeting the contralateral incision at the sacrum. A dermal fat flap is rotated to function as an autologous buttock implant. Pre- and postoperative views, patient satisfaction, complications, and operative details are analyzed and described.
RESULTS
Of the 253 consecutive patients treated for body contour deformities, 5 met the inclusion criteria for the spiral lift. All the patients were women ranging in age from 30 to 43 years. Comparison of pre- and postoperative views demonstrated improved contour and firmness of the thighs and gluteal region with easily concealed scars. The inferior gluteal sulcus became less evident, and the buttock mass was elevated and augmented with maximum projection at midlevel. Patient and surgeon satisfaction was high. One patient experienced delayed wound healing. Stability in the body contour repair was demonstrated at the 1-year follow-up assessment.
CONCLUSIONS
A reliable, versatile, and effective technique is described. Applicability and experience with the procedure are limited due to infrequent presentation of patients seeking correction for such a body contour deformity.
|
10.1007/s00266-007-9036-3
|
pubmed_1051_21147
|
Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is the primary cause of liver-related mortality and morbidity. Liver fibrosis remains the best validated surrogate marker for patient prognosis and is usually assessed in liver biopsies using histochemical stains detecting collagen as the major extracellular matrix (ECM) component in ALD. Distinction of collagen subtypes is of clinical interest, as they, including their cleavage products, have different functions. Changes in production, distribution, and composition of specific collagen subtypes and other extracellular matrix (ECM) components as well as markers for their main cellular source (activated hepatic stellate cells (aHSCs) and myofibroblasts (MFBs)) have not been fully elucidated in ALD. Our aims were to investigate the stage-dependent expression of collagen subtypes and markers for aHSCs and MFBs in ALD. We included liver biopsies from 49 ALD patients with fibrosis stages F0-F4. Biopsies were classified according to the semi-quantitative non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity score (NAS-CRN). Slides were stained with H&E, Sirius Red, and immunohistochemically with antibodies against collagen types I, III, IV and VI, and aHSC/MFB markers α-SMA, osteonectin, and CD271. Expression was examined using automated digital imaging analysis (DIA), by calculating the positive area relative to the total liver biopsy area (proportionate area). Likewise, collagen-proportionate area (CPA) was assessed using DIA of Sirius Red stained slides. CPA correlated highly with fibrosis stage (rs = 0.88, P = 5.9E-17) and moderately with activity score (rs = 0.58, P = 0.00001). Collagen type I proportionate area increased from 0.3% (± 0.1) at F1 to 10.2% (± 1.6) at F4 (P < 0.001). Collagen type III proportionate area increased from 0.6% (± 0.2) at F0 to 11.9% (± 1.7) at F4 (P < 0.001). Collagen type IV proportionate area increased from 17.0% (± 2.5) at F0 to 27.0% (± 3.9) at F4 (P = 0.079). Collagen type VI proportionate area increased from 14.8% (± 1.4) at F0 to 31.4% (± 2.4) at F4 (P < 0.001). Proportionate areas for α-SMA and CD271 increased from 10.7% (± 1.6) and 6.5% (± 1.0) at F0 to 29.5% (± 3.4) and 22.1% (± 2.2) at F4 (P < 0.001). Proportionate area for osteonectin increased from 1.4-1.8% at F0-F2 to 3.1% (± 0.5) at F3 and 3.2% (± 0.6) at F4 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our data indicate that collagen types I, III and VI and the aHSC/MFB markers α-SMA and CD271 show a stage-dependent increase in ALD. In early ALD, collagen types IV and VI are important components of the perisinusoidal and pericellular fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry is a valuable additional tool to characterize the ECM changes in ALD. Further research is needed to explore the functional role of CD271 and the stage-dependent expression of other collagen subtypes in ALD.
|
10.1016/j.prp.2022.153798
|
pubmed_357_17392
|
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the use of a set of dynamical features, extracted from surface electromyography, to study upper motor neuron (UMN) degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
METHODS
We acquired surface EMG signals from the upper limb muscles of 13 ALS patients and 20 control subjects and classified them according to a novel set of muscle activity features, describing the temporal and frequency dynamic behavior of the signals, as well as measures of its complexity. Using a battery of classification approaches, we searched for the most discriminating combination of those features, as well as a suitable strategy to identify ALS.
RESULTS
We observed significant differences between ALS patients and controls, in particular when considering features highlighting differences between forearm and hand recordings, for which classification accuracies of up to 94% were achieved. The most robust discriminations were achieved using features based on detrended fluctuation analysis and peak frequency, and classifiers such as decision trees, random forest and Adaboost.
CONCLUSION
The current work shows that it is possible to achieve good identification of UMN changes in ALS by taking into consideration the dynamical behavior of surface electromyographic (sEMG) data.
|
10.1016/j.neucli.2021.06.001
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pubmed_756_5140
|
BACKGROUND
Hyponatremia based on syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone hypersecretion (SIADH) is observed in up to 15% of patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The electrolyte imbalance is associated with a high morbidity and mortality and often delays appropriate treatment. Management of hyponatremia proved to be challenging until new vasopressin-2 receptor antagonists such as tolvaptan became available. This is the first report which presents a prospective case series with an efficient management of hyponatremia including tolvaptan in ten patients with SCLC and severe SIADH (plasma sodium < 125 mmol/l).
METHODS
Ten patients with SCLC and severe SIADH were followed after the onset of clinical symptoms of SIADH. Patients were chosen on the basis of histological proven diagnosis of SCLC and the clinical picture of a neurocognitive deficit caused by SIADH-related hyponatremia. All patient data were monitored for clinical improvement based on ECOG status, commencement of chemotherapy and correction of sodium levels.
RESULTS
The treatment followed a diagnostic and treatment algorithm and lead to a rapid and efficient correction of both clinical symptoms and plasma sodium level.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on this algorithm all patients started chemotherapy in time. Subsequently, the treatment with tolvaptan lead to an improvement of the ECOG-performance status. In addition, all patients benefit from the effective management of SIADH which omitted prolonged hospital stays and non-elective hospitalizations due to an unstable clinical condition due to severe hyponatremia. These observations add new insight to management of SIADH in thoracic oncology and are of interest for specialists in oncology, endocrinology and pulmonary medicine.
|
10.1186/1471-2466-13-55
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pubmed_329_10047
|
Recent studies have revealed a variety of genes and mechanisms that influence the rate of aging progression. In this study, we identified cell cycle factors as potent regulators of health and longevity in C. elegans. Focusing on the cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (cdk-2) and cyclin E (cye-1), we show that inhibition of cell cycle genes leads to tolerance towards environmental stress and longevity. The reproductive system is known as a key regulator of longevity in C. elegans. We uncovered the gonad as the central organ mediating the effects of cell cycle inhibition on lifespan. In particular, the proliferating germ cells were essential for conferring longevity. Steroid hormone signaling and the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16 were required for longevity associated with cell cycle inhibition. Furthermore, we discovered that SKN-1 (ortholog of mammalian Nrf proteins) activates protective gene expression and induces longevity when cell cycle genes are inactivated. We conclude that both, germline absence and inhibition through impairment of cell cycle machinery results in longevity through similar pathways. In addition, our studies suggest further roles of cell cycle genes beyond cell cycle progression and support the recently described connection of SKN-1/Nrf to signals deriving from the germline.
|
10.18632/aging.101052
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pubmed_931_11717
|
The use of protonated l-prolinethioamide instead of the free base derivative 1 as the organocatalyst for the direct aldol addition has a profound and appreciable effect on both the yield and the stereochemical course of the reaction. 4-Nitrobenzaldehyde (2) reacts with acetone in the presence of the protonated catalyst 1.TFA, affording aldol product 3 with a yield up to 99% and an ee up to 98%. The catalyst loading can be lowered to 2.5 mol %. More than 20 different acids were investigated as an additive, and its role as cocatalyst has been discussed. Furthermore, reactions of l-prolinethioamide salts with acetone have been monitored using ESI-MS and 1H NMR techniques, giving insight into the mechanism of the direct aldol reaction. The presumed formation of the iminium salt 10 has been unambiguously confirmed.
|
10.1021/jo062149k
|
pubmed_1124_12979
|
BACKGROUND
Clinical studies document correlation of serum lactate and base deficit with mortality in trauma and sepsis. No study of the prognostic value of these two serum markers has been reported in burn injury.
METHODS
Resuscitation data from 49 patients admitted to the adult Burn ICU were analyzed. Lactate and base deficit were analyzed upon admission and every 2h during the initial 48 h after admission. Resuscitation was managed per standard routine, blinded to these data, guided by the Parkland formula. Initial statistical analysis with Cox's regression model was used to determine the relationship between survival, resuscitation parameters, and demographics. Then, a logistic regression was used to determine if any of these variables were quickly predictive (initial values) of the risk of death.
RESULTS
Two variables were predictive of mortality by the Cox regression model: (1) serum lactate value and (2) patient age. Furthermore, analysis by logistic regression revealed that the initial serum lactate value was separately predictive of mortality.
CONCLUSION
In this study, serum lactate but not base deficit, was a predictor of mortality following major burns. Moreover, initial serum lactate values were also predictive of mortality separately.
|
10.1016/s0305-4179(01)00098-5
|
pubmed_617_25228
|
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate patients with "clinically established" psychogenic parkinsonism (PsyP) using single-photon emission computer tomography (SPECT) with the technetium-99m labeled tracer TRODAT-1, a dopamine transporter (DAT) ligand, and investigate whether these patients have an underlying degenerative parkinsonism.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Five patients with PsyP were assessed using demographic data, standard clinical scales for Parkinson's Disease (PD), and a neuropsychiatric interview. DAT imaging using SPECT with TRODAT-1 was performed, and values for caudate/putamen DAT binding potentials (BP) registered. Patients with PsyP were matched with PD (n=5) and healthy control subjects (n=5).
RESULTS
The mean age (years-old) at first evaluation in the PsyP group was 37.4+/-3.7, and the mean disease duration (years) was 3.9+/-1.2. DAT BPs (means+/-standard deviations) on right/left caudate were, respectively, 0.69+/-0.18 and 0.70+/-0.18 in the PD group versus 1.17+/-0.06 and 1.12+/-0.10 in the control group. DAT BPs on right/left putamen were, respectively, 0.48+/-0.10 and 0.45+/-0.06 in the PD group versus 1.10+/-0.10 and 1.21+/-0.43 in the control group. Two out of five patients from the PsyP group had values for DAT BP in the putamen under the cut-off (< or =0.70) for controls, implying pre-synaptic dopaminergic deficit.
CONCLUSIONS
Our data in this small group of patients suggest that DAT imaging is a tool that may help in the identification of underlying degenerative parkinsonism in PsyP.
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10.1016/j.clineuro.2009.12.010
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pubmed_552_7912
|
Human fetal surgery is being successfully performed today in a small number of highly selected patients for conditions that may lead to irreversible damage to the fetus and threaten the viability of the newborn. Following surgical repair, fetal wounds heal without scarring. This study was initiated to characterize fetal wounds both histologically and biochemically. Gore-Tex tubing was implanted into the subcutaneous tissue of the back of fetal, newborn, and adult New Zealand white rabbits. Light microscopic examination of healed wounds revealed no evidence of scar formation. Electron microscopy demonstrated a striated fibrillar structure suggestive of collagen within the lumen of the Gore-Tex tubing implants. Amino acid analysis (sensitivity 40 pmol) confirmed the presence of hydroxylysine and hydroxyproline within the Gore-Tex wound chambers indicating the presence of collagen in fetal wounds. The small amount of collagen precluded the typing of the collagen using cyanogen bromide peptide analysis. The absence of scarring and the small amounts of detectable collagen suggest a high degree of reorganization of the connective tissues involved in repair. The fetal wound matrix is rich in hyaluronic acid. Topical hyaluronic acid has been associated experimentally with a reduced amount of scarring in postnatal wound healing. Hyaluronic acid extracted from human skin and scar tissue is associated with collagen and other proteins. We propose that a hyaluronic acid-collagen-protein complex may play a role in fetal wound healing.
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pubmed_552_7912
|
pubmed_871_10235
|
There are many control issues surrounding toilet training that involve the child, the family, and the environment. Loss of control by the child during this period can result in significant physical and psychologic consequences as well as a failure to complete the developmental task of autonomy. A review of both professional and lay literature showed various approaches to toilet training with little reference to the control issues involved. Toilet training is a dynamic process that does not always go smoothly. Constipation often develops during toilet training and may be related to control issues. Neuman's Systems Model is used to identify the types of control issues often involved in toilet training. Anticipatory guidance specifically developed to address issues of control may help alleviate problems in the toilet training process. Changes for current practice are recommended.
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pubmed_871_10235
|
pubmed_192_17229
|
A cellular degeneration of two thalamic nuclei belonging to the "limbic thalamus", i.e., the anteroventral (AV) and mediodorsal (MD) nuclei, has been shown in patients suffering from Fatal Familial Insomnia (FFI), a lethal prion disease characterized by autonomic activation and severe insomnia. To better assess the physiological role of these nuclei in autonomic and sleep regulation, c-Fos expression was measured in rats during a prolonged exposure to low ambient temperature (Ta, - 10 °C) and in the first hours of the subsequent recovery period at normal laboratory Ta (25 °C). Under this protocol, the thermoregulatory and autonomic activation led to a tonic increase in waking and to a reciprocal depression in sleep occurrence, which was more evident for REM sleep. These effects were followed by a clear REM sleep rebound and by a rebound of Delta power during non-REM sleep in the following recovery period. In the anterior thalamic nuclei, c-Fos expression was (1) larger during the activity rather than the rest period in the baseline; (2) clamped at a level in-between the normal daily variation during cold exposure; (3) not significantly affected during the recovery period in comparison to the time-matched baseline. No significant changes were observed in either the MD or the paraventricular thalamic nucleus, which is also part of the limbic thalamus. The observed changes in the activity of the anterior thalamic nuclei appear, therefore, to be more specifically related to behavioral activation than to autonomic or sleep regulation.
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10.1007/s00221-019-05521-2
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pubmed_560_1032
|
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is associated with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) in all age groups. However, there is limited information of genetic analysis of hMPV circulating in Beijing. To learn the characteristics of structural protein genes of human metapneumovirus circulating in children in Beijing, sequence analysis of matrix (M), small hydrophobic (SH) and attachment (G) proteins of hMPV from 2006 to 2010 was performed. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of 42 full length M genes, 49 SH gene and 55 G gene revealed that the hMPVs from pediatric patients were divided into sub-genotypes A2, B1 and B. There were highly conserved identities among M gene, with 7 conserved mutations of amino acids between A and B genotypes which were fairly conserved in the same genotype A or B. The amino acid identities of SH were 60.7% to 64.4% between different genotypes, 93.3% - 100% among same sub-genotype and 84.7% - 88.7% between different sub-genotypes. Use of alternative transcription-termination codon, nucleotide deletion and insertion resulted in variable length of nucleotide and deduced amino acid of G protein. Amino acid identities within same genotype ranged from 81.5% - 100%, whereas sequence identities between two genotypes ranged from 34.0% - 38.6% at the amino acid level. A new cluster of G genes in sub-genotype B2 appeared due to the same mutations and insertion of two amino acids in G protein encoding genes amplified from specimens collected from 2008 to 2010. Prediction of antigen sites of SH and G protein indicated that the variation of antigen sites between different sub-genotypes existed.
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pubmed_560_1032
|
pubmed_482_5293
|
In the UK and the Westernised countries, most people die aged 80+ from disabling, chronic and degenerative diseases, having spent several years in poor health. There is thus continuity between long-term care (LTC) and end of life care (EOLC) in old age, but this continuity is poorly understood within policy and almost nothing is known about what determines the modality and intensity of LTC provision in old age towards the end of life. Drawing on multinomial logistic regression analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), this paper evaluates how health and socio-demographic factors affect the relative probability of receiving care through one of five long-term care arrangements (LTCAs) from the time of need at age ≥50 to death; and assesses the consequences this has for the English LTC and EOLC policy and planning. The study reveals that hospices provide end-of-life LTC for cancer diagnoses and adults aged 50-64, while care homes provide open-ended and end-of-life LTC for non-cancer diagnoses, dementia, severe disability, and adults aged 80+. Further, the informal, formal, mixed and care home LTCAs reflect increasing levels of disability and ill-health, and decreasing levels of family support, with differences concerning education and gender. Finally, dementia and Parkinson's disease are the single strongest determinants of high formal LTC provision, and overall high care needs determine high formal LTC provision. Within the English context, the consequences of this are that: 1) Continued reliance on informal family care is not sustainable; 2) To provide free formal LTC to old adults with high care needs is appropriate; and 3) Hospices do not cater for the prevalent form of dying in old age while care homes do, being the de facto hospices for severely disabled, very old (80+) adults with dementia. Yet this is not represented in English EOLC policy and research.
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10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113150
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pubmed_466_11916
|
We have previously reported that neurotensin (NT) is released from the small intestine and elevated in the hepatic-portal circulation in response to the perfusion of the small intestine with a micellar solution of oleic acid. In order to determine the minimum acyl chain length and whether the presence of a carboxylic acid is necessary for the stimulation of NT release, the small intestine of anesthetized rats was perfused with test solutions of fatty acids of 2-, 4-, 8-, or 18-carbons or fatty alcohols of 2-, 4-, or 8-carbons at a concentration of 1 mM prepared in 2.4 mM taurodeoxycholate in 0.9% NaCl. Blood samples, collected from the superior mesenteric vein immediately before the start of the test perfusion and at 15-min intervals thereafter, were extracted immediately and radioimmunoassayed for NT-like immunoreactivity (NTLI) with a C-terminal-directed antiserum. Perfusions of fatty acids with 4 or more carbons and alcohols of 2 or more carbons resulted in a significant elevation (P less than 0.05) in plasma levels of NTLI above the values obtained before the onset of perfusion. Perfusions with ethanol resulted in a value of 4.3 +/- 0.03 mg/dl (SEM) in blood from the superior mesenteric vein while there was no increase in ethanol levels in the peripheral circulation. Perfusion with taurodeoxycholate and 0.9% NaCl alone had no significant effect on plasma levels of the NTLI. In order to characterize the chemical nature of the elevated NTLI, plasma samples from animals perfused with test solution were collected, extracted, pooled, and subjected to HPLC. NT and its N-terminal metabolite, NT(1-8), were quantitated. NT was defined as material having the same retention time as synthetic NT standard and having comparable measurements using N- and C-terminal-directed antisera. Perfusions of fatty acids of four or more carbons and alcohols of two or more carbons resulted in a 2- to 4-fold increase of both NT and NT(1-8) levels in plasma. It is particularly interesting that perfusion with ethanol (2-carbons) causes an elevation in plasma NT, because perfusion with acetic acid (2-carbons) does not increase NTLI. The fact that perfusion of ethanol is effective in releasing intestinal NT suggests that NT may mediate some of the biological effects observed after the consumption of alcohol.
|
10.1210/endo-116-3-1133
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pubmed_443_22204
|
ATP and UTP did not evoke [Ca2+]i signals in rat foetal lung epithelial cells grown on glass but elicited clear responses in cells grown into functionally polarised epithelia on permeable supports. Moreover, P2Y2 receptor mRNA could not be detected in cells on glass by the polymerase chain reaction but this mRNA species was clearly expressed by polarised cells. P2Y2 receptor expression thus appears to be a feature of the polarised phenotype.
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10.1038/sj.bjp.0701942
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pubmed_623_11520
|
BACKGROUND
Major regulation of thyroid gland function is mediated by thyrotropin (TSH) activating the TSH receptor (TSHR) and inducing upregulation of genes involved in thyroid hormone synthesis. Evidence suggests that the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor (IGF-1R) may play a role in regulating TSHR functional effects. This study examined the potential role of TSHR/IGF-1R crosstalk in primary cultures of human thyrocytes.
RESULTS
TSH/IGF-1 co-treatment elicited additive effects on thyroglobulin (TG), thyroperoxidase (TPO), and deiodinase type 2 (DIO2) mRNA levels but synergistic effects on sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) mRNA. Similar cooperativity was seen on the level of TG protein secretion (additive) and NIS protein expression (synergistic). The IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitor linsitinib inhibited TSH-stimulated upregulation of NIS but not TG, indicating that NIS regulation is in part IGF-1R dependent and occurs via receptor crosstalk. Cooperativity was not seen at the level of cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, IGF-1R phosphorylation, or Akt activation. However, TSH and IGF-1 synergistically activated ERK1/2. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 by the MEK1/2 inhibitor U0126 and of Akt by MK-2206 virtually abolished NIS stimulation by TSH and the synergistic effect of IGF-1.
CONCLUSION
As linsitinib inhibited upregulation of NIS stimulated by TSH alone, it is concluded that crosstalk between TSHR and IGF-1R, without agonist activation of IGF-1R, plays a role in NIS regulation in human thyrocytes via a mechanism involving ERK1/2 and/or Akt. Fully understanding the nature of this crosstalk has clinical implications for the treatment of thyroid diseases, including thyroid cancer.
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10.1089/thy.2016.0323
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pubmed_752_2655
|
We report on the demonstration of substrate-free nanowire/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Metal-organic vapour-phase epitaxy (MOVPE)-grown InGaN/GaN core-shell nanowires were encapsulated into PDMS layer. After metal deposition to p-GaN, a thick PDMS cap layer was spin-coated and the membrane was manually peeled from the sapphire substrate, flipped upside down onto a steel holder, and transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) contact to n-GaN was deposited. The fabricated LEDs demonstrate rectifying diode characteristics. For the electroluminescence (EL) measurements, the samples were manually bonded using silver paint. The EL spectra measured at different applied voltages demonstrate a blue shift with the current increase. This shift is explained by the current injection into the InGaN areas of the active region with different average indium content.
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10.1186/s11671-015-1143-5
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pubmed_988_1939
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Selection of indications and the general tactics of nifedipine monotherapy of hypertension in diabetic subjects is not clearly established, as yet. It refers specifically to different forms and phases of diabetes mellitus. This was the reason to carry out a respective study. In 4 groups of hypertension: 1) in diabetics without vascular complications, 2) in diabetic nephropathy, 3) in diabetics type II without nephropathy, and 4) in comparative group of subjects without diabetes mellitus, a 6-week controlled, open trial was performed. Before, during and after nifedipine (3 X 10-20 mg p.d.), the following parameters were monitored: 1) systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures, 2) glycaemic indices of diabetes control, 3) serum cholesterol: total, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, 4) daily albuminuria and GFR, 5) adverse reactions to nifedipine. It could be concluded that nifedipine therapy was relatively most effective and safe in hypertensive diabetics type II without nephropathy. It was less effective in diabetics type I without nephropathy and failed in diabetics type I with nephropathy.
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pubmed_988_1939
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pubmed_181_14453
|
Interactions with receptors for the Fc region of IgG (FcγRs) have been shown to contribute to the in vivo protection against influenza A viruses provided by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) that bind to the viral hemagglutinin (HA) stem. In particular, Fc-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) has been shown to contribute to protection by stem-binding bnAbs. Fc-mediated effector functions appear not to contribute to protection provided by strain-specific HA head-binding antibodies. We used a panel of anti-stem and anti-head influenza A and B monoclonal antibodies with identical human IgG1 Fc domains and investigated their ability to mediate ADCC-associated FcγRIIIa activation. Antibodies which do not interfere with sialic acid binding of HA can mediate FcγRIIIa activation. However, the FcγRIIIa activation was inhibited when a mutant HA, unable to bind sialic acids, was used. Antibodies which block sialic acid receptor interactions of HA interfered with FcγRIIIa activation. The inhibition of FcγRIIIa activation by HA head-binding and sialic acid receptor-blocking antibodies was confirmed in plasma samples of H5N1 vaccinated human subjects. Together, these results suggest that in addition to Fc-FcγR binding, interactions between HA and sialic acids on immune cells are required for optimal Fc-mediated effector functions by anti-HA antibodies.
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10.3389/fimmu.2016.00399
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pubmed_351_9939
|
Congenital indifference to pain is often mistaken for congenital insensitivity. It is characterized by the occurrence since childhood of lesions, mainly cutaneous and osteoarticular secondary to strictly painless traumas. However, despite the lack of pain, the patient is able to discriminate a painful stimulus. Autopsy shows no abnormality of the nervous system. A dysfunction of the central endomorphinic systems has been suggested. Congenital analgesia is associated with anhidrosis in Swanson's syndrome (in which Lissauer the tractus is absent in the spinal cord) and with dysautonomia in Riley-Days's disease (in which there is a lack of amyelicinic fibres). On account of these data, some authors refuse the autonomy of congenital indifference and classify it in the group of the various autonomic and sensory neuropathies. However it seems justified to acknowledge the congenital analgesia with two varieties: congenital indifference in which there is no sensation of pain but normal sensory pathway and tonic function of endomorphinic system, congenital insensitivity in which the painful stimulus is not transmitted to the central nervous system.
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pubmed_351_9939
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pubmed_108_575
|
Recently, we reported that the carbon isotope composition of the solid residues obtained by freeze-drying white and red wines (δ13CWSR) could be used for tracing the water status of the vines whose grapes were used to produce them. Here, we compare different methods using δ13C values of other wine components, particularly those of whole wine (δ13CWW) obtained by elemental analysis and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA/IRMS) and of wine ethanol (δ13CWEtOH) obtained by gas chromatography/combustion/IRMS (GC/C/IRMS), for their suitability to assess the vine water status. The studied wines were obtained from field-grown cultivars (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Chasselas, Petite Arvine, and Pinot noir) under different water treatments during the 2009-2014 seasons and were the same wines in which the δ13CWSR was measured previously. The EA/IRMS method for whole wine used two successive EA analytical cycles in each acquisition period to reduce the residence time of the sample capsules in the autosampler. The sample aliquots for the EA/IRMS and GC/C/IRMS analyses were optimized for peak-size differences less than 10% between the sample and reference gas. For all wine varieties, the δ13CWW and δ13CWEtOH values were linearly correlated with the predawn leaf water potential (Ψpd) and therefore serve as reliable indicators of vine water status, as do the δ13C values for must sugars and wine solid residues. The strongest negative correlations with Ψpd were for δ13Csugars (r = -0.94, n = 54) and δ13CWEtOH (r = -0.91) and were lower but still highly significant (p < 0.00001) for δ13CWW (r = -0.71) and δ13CWSR (r = -0.70). An evaluation of the advantages and drawbacks of the different methods is presented, showing that the δ13C analysis of wine ethanol by GC/C/IRMS is the most appropriate.
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10.1007/s00216-019-01625-4
|
pubmed_1067_11198
|
BACKGROUND
Following initial healing of erosive oesophagitis, most patients require maintenance therapy to prevent relapse.
AIM
To compare endoscopic and symptomatic remission rates over 6 months' maintenance therapy with esomeprazole or pantoprazole (both 20 mg once daily) in patients with healed erosive oesophagitis.
METHODS
Patients with symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and endoscopically confirmed erosive oesophagitis at baseline were randomized to receive esomeprazole 40 mg or pantoprazole 40 mg for up to 8 weeks. Patients with healed erosive oesophagitis and free of moderate/severe heartburn and acid regurgitation at 4 weeks or, if necessary, 8 weeks entered the 6-month maintenance therapy phase of the study.
RESULTS
A total of 2766 patients (63% men; mean age 50 years) received esomeprazole 20 mg (n = 1377) or pantoprazole 20 mg (n = 1389) and comprised the intention-to-treat population. Following 6 months of treatment, the proportion of patients in endoscopic and symptomatic remission was significantly greater for those receiving esomeprazole 20 mg (87.0%) than pantoprazole 20 mg (74.9%, log-rank test P < 0.0001). Esomeprazole 20 mg produced a higher proportion of patients free of moderate to severe gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms and fewer discontinuations because of symptoms than pantoprazole 20 mg (92.2% vs. 88.5%, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Esomeprazole 20 mg is more effective than pantoprazole 20 mg for maintenance therapy following initial healing of erosive oesophagitis and relief of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease symptoms.
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10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02643.x
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pubmed_856_6385
|
Results from cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOT) with 5 different sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i; empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, ertugliflozin, sotagliflozin), initially developed for their glucose-lowering effect by blocking tubular glucose reabsorption in kidney, have been shown to decrease the risk of heart failure hospitalization (HFH) across a range of patients with and without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Following these CVOT results, SGLT2i (dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, sotagliflozin) also were reported to reduce HFH and cardiovascular death in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), regardless of existence or absence of T2DM. Ongoing studies have been conducted to evaluate the clinical benefit of SGLT2i (empagliflozin, dapagliflozin) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Although SGLT2i brought us to the entrance of a new era for prevention of HF incidence and worsening of HF, the search for pivotal mechanism of SGLT2i to improve our pharmacological armamentarium should continue in order to protect every HF patient from fatal progression of HF disease. In this review, we summarized the updated clinical evidences on SGLT2i (rather than basic and translational evidence) for reduction of HF risk in T2DM patients and favorable clinical outcomes in both HFrEF and HFpEF patients.
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10.4070/kcj.2021.0070
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pubmed_1010_24671
|
Background: Tularemia is a potential biological weapon due to its high infectivity and ease of dissemination. This study aimed to characterize the innate and adaptive responses induced by two different lots of a live attenuated tularemia vaccine and compare them to other well-characterized viral vaccine immune responses. Methods: Microarray analyses were performed on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to determine changes in transcriptional activity that correlated with changes detected by cellular phenotyping, cytokine signaling, and serological assays. Transcriptional profiles after tularemia vaccination were compared with yellow fever [YF-17D], inactivated [TIV], and live attenuated [LAIV] influenza. Results: Tularemia vaccine lots produced strong innate immune responses by Day 2 after vaccination, with an increase in monocytes, NK cells, and cytokine signaling. T cell responses peaked at Day 14. Changes in gene expression, including upregulation of STAT1, GBP1, and IFIT2, predicted tularemia-specific antibody responses. Changes in CCL20 expression positively correlated with peak CD8+ T cell responses, but negatively correlated with peak CD4+ T cell activation. Tularemia vaccines elicited gene expression signatures similar to other replicating vaccines, inducing early upregulation of interferon-inducible genes. Conclusions: A systems vaccinology approach identified that tularemia vaccines induce a strong innate immune response early after vaccination, similar to the response seen after well-studied viral vaccines, and produce unique transcriptional signatures that are strongly correlated to the induction of T cell and antibody responses.
|
10.3390/vaccines8010004
|
pubmed_19_7386
|
We review the application of impedance spectroscopy in dye-sensitized solar cells, quantum dot-sensitized solar cells and organic bulk heterojunction solar cells. We emphasize the interpretation of the impedance parameters for determining the internal features of the device, concerning the carrier distribution, materials properties such as the density of states and/or doping of the semiconductors, and the match of energy levels for photoinduced charge generation and separation. Another central task is the determination of recombination mechanisms from the measured resistances, and the factors governing the device performance by combined analysis of resistances as a function of voltage and current-voltage curves.
|
10.1039/c0cp02249g
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pubmed_522_13173
|
The autoradiographic micromapping of rocks with various U and Th contents has been performed by means of CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detector (SSNTD). The optical track density was found to be highly correlated (r=0.92) with total alpha emitters activity calculated on the basis of field gamma spectrometric measurements of rock outcrops. The method was tested not only for the wide range activities of alpha emitters but various types of surface distribution (including highly radioactive mineral grains) as well.
|
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.05.017
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pubmed_337_21445
|
While eye tracking research in conventional radiography has flourished over the past decades, the number of eye tracking studies that looked at multislice images lags behind. A possible reason for the lack of studies in this area might be that the eye tracking methodology used in the context of conventional radiography cannot be applied one-on-one to volumetric imaging material. Challenges associated with eye tracking in volumetric imaging are particularly associated with the selection of stimulus material, the detection of events in the eye tracking data, the calculation of meaningful eye tracking parameters, and the reporting of abnormalities. However, all of these challenges can be addressed in the design of the experiment. If this is done, eye tracking studies using volumetric imaging material offer almost unlimited opportunity for perception research and are highly relevant as the number of volumetric images that are acquired and interpreted is rising.
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10.1117/1.JMI.3.1.011002
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pubmed_28_19243
|
OBJECTIVE
This study examined psychosocial and mental health characteristics associated with COVID-19 infection.
METHODS
An online survey that asked about COVID-19 status, social support, and mental health was used to recruit a national sample of 6,607 low- and middle-income adults; 354 reported a positive COVID-19 test, 1,819 reported a negative test, and 4,434 reported not being tested in May or June 2020.
RESULTS
Psychiatric history and current social support and mental health were not statistically significantly associated with testing positive for COVID-19 after analyses controlled for other characteristics. In order of magnitude, having any friends or family who had COVID-19, being a veteran, having a greater number of close friends or relatives, having any history of homelessness, having an advanced degree, or being a student was significantly associated with testing positive for COVID-19.
CONCLUSIONS
Clinical risk for COVID-19 infection and the medical needs of veterans and of unstably housed populations should be considered.
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10.1176/appi.ps.202000540
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pubmed_414_819
|
Recent progress in hand surgery has engendered a need for precise knowledge of anatomical variations of blood supply of hand. The present paper describes an unusual organization of palmar arterial arches and attempts to discuss its clinical implications. Double superficial palmar arch of the mediano-ulnar variant was observed with a double deep palmar arch of equal caliber, formed by splitting of deep branches of radial artery and ulnar artery. The superficial palmar branch of radial artery was absent.
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pubmed_414_819
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pubmed_745_14414
|
We present a definite case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) with visual evoked response (VER) and CSF oligoclonal band abnormalities and discuss the neurobiological significance and diagnostic value of these findings.
|
10.1007/BF02334054
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pubmed_353_12640
|
This study explores the understanding of care assessments by care staff, which, the author contends, can become simply a task and another workforce issue, rather than actively supporting older people. The policy background to care assessments is explored and qualitative research is described. Key themes emerged from interviews conducted with care staff working in various settings, among them communication, documentation and a needs-led approach. These are explored and recommendations for improved practice are made.
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10.7748/nop2008.06.20.5.28.c8225
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pubmed_468_13098
|
The large amounts of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector needed for clinical trials and eventual commercialization require robust, economical, reproducible, and scalable production processes compatible with current good manufacturing practice. rAAV produced using baculovirus and insect cells satisfies these conditions; however, recovering rAAV particles from 200-liter bioreactors is more complicated than bench-scale vector preparations. Using a variety of processing media, we developed a reliable and routine downstream procedure for rAAV production that is scalable from 0.02- to 200-liter cultures. To facilitate the upstream process, we adapted the titerless infected-cell preservation and scale-up process for rAAV production. Single-use aliquots of cryopreserved baculovirus-infected insect cells (BIIC) are thawed and added to the suspension culture to achieve the desired ratio of BIIC to rAAV-producer cells. By using conditions established with small-scale cultures, rAAV was produced in larger volume cultures. Strikingly consistent rAAV yields were attained in cultures ranging from 10 liters to 200 liters. Based on the final yield, each cell produced 18,000 ± 6,800 particles of purified rAAV in 10-, 20-, 100-, and 200-liter cultures. Thus, with an average cell density of 4.32 × 10(6) cells/ml, ≥ 10(16) purified rAAV particles are produced from 100 to 200 liters. The downstream process resulted in about 20% recovery estimated from comparing the quantities of capsid protein antigen in the crude bioreactor material and in the final, purified product. The ease and reproducibility of rAAV production in 200-liter bioreactors suggest that the limit has not been reached, and 500-liter productions are planned.
|
10.1089/hum.2010.250
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pubmed_1007_19170
|
The electroencephalogram (EEG) bears the possibility to investigate oscillatory processes in the human brain. In the animal brain it has been shown that the phase of cortical oscillations is related to the exact timing of neural activity. The potential role of oscillatory phase and phase synchronization for the explanation of cortical information processing has been largely underestimated in the human EEG until now. Here it is argued that EEG phase (synchronization) reflects the exact timing of communication between distant but functionally related neural populations, the exchange of information between global and local neuronal networks, and the sequential temporal activity of neural processes in response to incoming sensory stimuli. Three different kinds of phase synchronization are discussed: (i) phase coupling between brain sites, (ii) phase synchronization across frequencies, and (iii) phase-locking to external events. In this review recent work is presented demonstrating that EEG phase synchronization provides valuable information about the neural correlates of various cognitive processes, and that it leads to a better understanding of how memory and attention processes are interrelated.
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10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.03.014
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pubmed_481_2920
|
The oral features of a black woman with melanocanthoma of the oral mucosa are detailed, and the current literature of melanocanthoma of the oral mucosa is briefly reviewed.
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10.1016/s1079-2104(97)90264-x
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pubmed_1045_16272
|
BACKGROUND
Thirty percent to 40% of patients with rectal cancer are not candidates for aggressive surgery because of distant metastases, extensive local tumor infiltration, poor general condition, or refusal of the patient. The aim of this study was to report the results of endoscopic transanal resection (ETAR) using a urologic resectoscope for the palliative treatment of rectal carcinoma.
METHODS
This study included 46 consecutive patients who underwent ETAR for rectal adenocarcinoma between October 1992 and October 2000. All patients had histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma. None of the patients were candidates for curative surgery. A retrospective evaluation of the outcome of ETAR was performed.
RESULTS
Forty-six consecutive patients (25 men and 21 women), with a median age of 84 years (range, 57-92 years), underwent 76 ETARs. Twenty-four patients (52%) had locally advanced rectal cancer with a tumor length of more than 5 cm. The tumor involved the anterior rectal wall in 52 ETARs. Seventeen patients (37%) required more than one procedure. Median operating time was 49 min (range, 15-120 min). The morbidity rate was 8% (n = 6); perforation of the rectum occurred in 1 patient (2%) during an iterative ETAR. The mortality rate was 2%. The median postoperative stay was 5.5 days (range, 3-16 days). Symptomatic relief was achieved in 87% of patients. Colostomy was performed in 8 cases, with a median interval of 7 months (range, 3-12 months) after the first ETAR and after a median of 2 ETARs (range, 1-3). The median survival time was 14 months (range, 0-62 months); 40 patients died. The survival rate at 1, 2, and 5 years was 54%, 31.6%, and 5%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
ETAR is a simple, minimally invasive, and economic method that should be part of palliative treatment for patients with rectal carcinoma. ETAR is a useful addition to the surgeon's armamentarium in the multidisciplinary approach of advanced rectal cancer together with laser destruction, stent implantation, and external beam radiotherapy. All these treatments must be evaluated not only in term of lumen patency or stoma rate, but also from the quality of life standpoint.
|
10.1007/s00464-002-9052-y
|
pubmed_95_13563
|
PURPOSE
To describe a case of acute retinal necrosis syndrome in which a polymerase chain reaction-based assay provided evidence for cytomegalovirus as the causative agent of the syndrome.
METHODS
Polymerase chain reaction-based assays were used to analyze a vitreous aspirate from a 70-year-old man with acute retinal necrosis syndrome. The specimen was tested for cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, and herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2.
RESULTS
The polymerase chain reaction assay for cytomegalovirus was positive, and polymerase chain reaction assays for varicella-zoster virus and herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 were negative.
CONCLUSION
Cytomegalovirus may be a causative agent of acute retinal necrosis syndrome.
|
10.1016/s0002-9394(14)71046-3
|
pubmed_582_6871
|
BACKGROUND
To assess whether domestic kitchen hygiene is an important contributor to the development of diarrhoea in the developed world.
METHODS
Electronic searches were carried out in October 2006 in EMBASE, MEDLINE, Web of Knowledge, Cochrane central register of clinical trials and CINAHL. All publications, irrespective of study design, assessing food hygiene practices with an outcome measure of diarrhoea were included in the review. All included studies underwent data extraction and the data was subsequently analysed. The analysis was conducted by qualitative synthesis of the results. Given the substantial heterogeneity in study design and outcome measures meta-analysis was not done. In addition the existing dataset of the UK IID study was reanalysed to investigate possible associations between self-reported diarrhoea and variables indicative of poor domestic kitchen hygiene
RESULTS
Some 14 studies were finally included in subsequent analyses. Of the 14 studies included in this systematic review, 11 were case-control studies, 2 cross-sectional surveys, and 1 RCT. Very few studies identified any significant association with good environmental kitchen hygiene. Although some of the variables in the reanalysis of the UK IID study were statistically significant no obvious trend was seen.
CONCLUSION
The balance of the available evidence does not support the hypothesis that poor domestic kitchen hygiene practices are important risk factors for diarrhoeal disease in developed countries.
|
10.1186/1471-2458-8-71
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pubmed_551_23627
|
Periodontitis, a ubiquitous chronic inflammatory disease, is associated with reduced antioxidant defences and neutrophil hyperactivity in terms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Its phenotype is thus characterized by oxidative stress. We have determined the effect of antioxidant micronutrients ascorbate and α-tocopherol on neutrophil ROS generation. Peripheral neutrophils from periodontally-healthy individuals (n = 20) were challenged with phorbol myristate acetate, IgG-opsonised Staphylococcus aureus, Fusobacterium nucleatum or PBS in the presence and absence of micronutrients (50 µM). Total and extracellular ROS were measured by luminol and isoluminol chemiluminescence respectively. Total and extracellular unstimulated, baseline ROS generation was unaffected by α-tocopherol, but inhibited by ascorbate and a combination of both micronutrients. Fcγ-receptor (Fcγ-R)-stimulated total or extracellular ROS generation was not affected by the presence of individual micronutrients. However, the combination significantly reduced extracellular FcγR-stimulated ROS release. Neither micronutrient inhibited TLR-stimulated total ROS, but the combination caused inhibition. Ascorbate and the micronutrient combination, but not α-tocopherol, inhibited extracellular ROS release by TLR-stimulated cells. Such micronutrient effects in vivo could be beneficial in reducing collateral tissue damage in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as periodontitis, while retaining immune-mediated neutrophil function.
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10.1177/1753425912455207
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pubmed_314_16935
|
Strontium-89 (Sr-89) is a pure emitter with maximum beta energy of 1.46 MeV, average beta energy of 0.58 MeV, and a physical half-life of 50.5 days. It is rapidly taken up by bone and preferentially retained at the sites of osseous metastases. Its biological half-life is >50 days at the metastatic sites, but about 14 days only in the normal bone. The dose of its absorption in the tumor-bearing bone ranges from 21 +/- 4 to 231 +/- 56 cGy/MBq, 2-25 times higher than in the normal bone. Strontium-89 therapy is an effective palliative treatment of bone metastases from prostate cancer, with analgesic effectiveness in 80%.
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pubmed_314_16935
|
pubmed_942_23765
|
In their 2004 article, Clewell and Andersen provide their perspective on the application of mode-of-action (MOA) and pharmacokinetic considerations in contemporary cancer risk assessment using trichloroethylene (TCE) as a case example. TCE is a complex chemical toxicologically, with multiple metabolites, multiple sites of observed toxicity, and multiple potential MOAs. As scientists who are responsible for revising the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's draft risk assessment of TCE, we welcome input of the quality to which the Agency is held accountable. However, in our view, Clewell and Andersen do not present a sufficiently current, complete, accurate, and transparent review of the pertinent scientific literature. In particular, their article would need to incorporate substantial recently published scientific information, better support its conclusions about MOA and choice of linear or nonlinear dose-response extrapolation, and increase its transparency as to quantitative analyses in order to make a significant contribution to the scientific discussion of TCE health risks.
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10.1080/10408440600599240
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pubmed_207_2387
|
Analogues of [Sar1]angiotensin II, Sarilesin (type I antagonist), and Sarmesin (type II antagonist) with L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (Aze) and L-pipecolic acid (Pip) at position 7 have been prepared by the solid-phase method, purified by reverse-phase HPLC, and bioassayed in the rat uterus. Analogues of the superagonist [Sar1]ANGII with Aze or Pip at position 7 and sarcosine (Sar) or aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) at position 1 had high intrinsic activity in the rat isolated uterus assay (34-184%). Analogues of Sarilesin ([Sar1,Ile8]ANGII) with Aze or Pip at position 7 and Sar or Aib at position 1 retained high antagonist activity (pA2 = 7.1-8.3). Analogues of Sarmesin ([Sar1,Tyr-(OMe)4]ANGII) with Aze and Pip at position 7 had pA2 values of 7.4 and 6.5, respectively. [Aze7]-ANGII and [Pip7]ANGII had low activities (12% and 1%, respectively), and deletion of Sar at position 1 of Sarmesin analogues abolished binding (or affinity) as judged from pA2 values. Nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) spectroscopy studies of [Sar1,Aze7]ANGII in DMSO-d6 have indicated a clustering of the three aromatic rings (Tyr, His, Phe) and proximity of Sar C alpha and Arg C delta protons to the Tyr/Phe ring protons. These data emphasize that replacement of Pro with the lower and higher homologs Aze and Pip does not greatly alter the structural requirements necessary for expression of agonist or antagonist activity, when sarcosine occupies position 1, but not when Asp occupies position 1, suggesting that there is an intimate relationship between the N-terminal and penultimate residues of the molecule in the biologically active conformation of the molecule.
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10.1021/jm00059a016
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pubmed_235_26391
|
How metabolic status controls the fates of different types of leukemia cells remains elusive. Using a SoNar-transgenic mouse line, we demonstrated that B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) cells had a preference in using oxidative phosphorylation. B-ALL cells with a low SoNar ratio (SoNar-low) had enhanced mitochondrial respiration capacity, mainly resided in the vascular niche, and were enriched with more functional leukemia-initiating cells than that of SoNar-high cells in a murine B-ALL model. The SoNar-low cells were more resistant to cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) treatment. cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate response element-binding protein transactivated pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component X and cytidine deaminase to maintain the oxidative phosphorylation level and Ara-C-induced resistance. SoNar-low human primary B-ALL cells also had a preference for oxidative phosphorylation. Suppressing oxidative phosphorylation with several drugs sufficiently attenuated Ara-C-induced resistance. Our study provides a unique angle for understanding the potential connections between metabolism and B-ALL cell fates.
|
10.1126/sciadv.abd6280
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pubmed_118_14441
|
We review studies on mother-infant interactions in chimpanzees, our closest living relatives, in captive and wild environments. Infant cognitive development is formed through mother-infant interactions during the long dependent period, which is approximately 5 years. Patterns of interaction between mothers and infants are different from those observed in adult chimpanzees. Mother-infant interactions are relatively altruistic, although solicitation by infants is almost always required. Active teaching has rarely been reported in chimpanzees; instead, infants socially learn new skills through long-term observation. Case studies describing rearing of a disabled infant by a multiparous but inexperienced chimpanzee, and the carrying of dead infants in the wild chimpanzees of Bossou reveal the strong affectionate bond between mothers and infants. Characteristics of human mother-infant interaction are highlighted through comparisons with chimpanzees.
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10.1016/j.infbeh.2016.11.008
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pubmed_656_18710
|
Research on how neighborhood racial composition affects where gentrification unfolds yields mixed conclusions, but these studies either capture broad national trends or highly segregated cities. Drawing on the case of Seattle-a majority-white city with low segregation levels and growing ethnoracial diversity, this study uncovers an underexplored mechanism shaping patterns of uneven development and residential selection in the contemporary city: immigrant replenishment. The share of all minorities is negatively associated with gentrification during the 1970s and 1980s, and, in contrast to expectations, shares of blacks positively predicts recent gentrification while shares of Asians negatively predicts it. Increased concentrations of recent immigrants in neighborhoods with greater shares of Asians explain these relationships. These findings suggest that where arriving immigrants move limits residential selection in gentrification and shifts pressures to low-cost black neighborhoods. This study highlights how immigration and points of entry are important factors for understanding uneven development in the contemporary city and has implications for the future of racial stratification as cities transform.
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10.1111/cico.12419
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pubmed_260_21235
|
BACKGROUND
The accurate assessment of cardiac function in mice is challenging because of their small heart size and rapid heart rate.
METHODS
We examined the usefulness of novel high-resolution echocardiography (HRE) with a 30-MHz transducer in evaluating cardiac function in 20 mice compared with conventional echocardiography (CE) with a 13-MHz transducer. The left ventricular (LV) regional wall motion (RWM), LV end-diastolic dimension, fractional shortening, anterior LV wall thickness, E/A, and myocardial performance index were assessed.
RESULTS
RWM analysis was more feasible by HRE than by CE (P < .05). Interobserver agreement in RWM analysis and correlation in LV end-diastolic dimension, fractional shortening, anterior LV wall thickness, E/A, and myocardial performance index were all better with HRE than CE.
CONCLUSIONS
HRE is superior to CE in assessing LV function in mice. HRE is potentially a useful method for accurate assessment of cardiac function in various mice models.
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10.1016/j.echo.2007.02.026
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pubmed_932_17724
|
The title compound, C(15)H(11)N(3)O, (I), was obtained by the air oxidation of 3,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-6(1H)-one. In the crystal structure, (I) forms centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonded dimers through pairs of N-H...N hydrogen bonds. The molecular structure of (I) deviates somewhat from planarity in the crystalline state, whereas a density functional theory (DFT) study predicts a completely planar conformation (C(s) point-group symmetry) for the isolated molecule. The solid-state conformation of (I) is stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds, viz. one C-H...O interaction, which forms a six-membered ring, and three C-H...N interactions that each form five-membered rings. To estimate the influence of the intramolecular hydrogen-bonded rings on the aromaticity of the phenyl rings, the HOMA (harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity) descriptor of π-electron delocalization has been calculated for conformations of (I) with and without intramolecular hydrogen bonds. In the planar conformation of (I), the HOMA values for both benzene rings are lower than in hypothetical conformations without intramolecular hydrogen bonds.
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10.1107/S0108270112008384
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pubmed_926_18582
|
Introduction: The flavonoids comprise a diverse group of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant activity that is
present in edible plants like soybeans and soy products. In vivo studies have concentrated on the effects of flavonoids
on cancer and genistein (GE), a soy-derived isoflavone, has been reported to reduce prostate, colon, hepatic and breast
adenocarcinoma risk. Tamoxifen (TAM) is an important drug for cancer treatment worldwide, which can induce apoptosis
in various cancers, including examples in the liver, breast and ovaries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the
effects of GE and TAM, alone and in combination, on proliferation and apoptosis in the human hepatocellular carcinoma
(HCC) HepG2 cell line. Materials and Methods: HepG 2 cells were treated with GE, TAM and GE/TAM and then
MTT and flow cytometry assays were conducted to determine effects on viability and apoptosis, respectively. Results:
GE and TAM inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in the HepG 2 cell lines. Discussion: Our findings
clearly indicated that GE and TAM may exert inhibitory and apoptotic effects in liver cancer cells. Conclusion: GE
and TAM can significantly inhibit growth of HCC cells and play a significant role in apoptosis.
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10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.9.2381
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pubmed_1123_14600
|
Development of novel implants in orthopaedic trauma surgery is based on limited datasets of cadaver trials or artificial bone models. A method has been developed whereby implants can be constructed in an evidence based method founded on a large anatomic database consisting of more than 2.000 datasets of bones extracted from CT scans. The aim of this study was the development and clinical application of an anatomically pre-contoured plate for the treatment of distal fibular fractures based on the anatomical database.48 Caucasian and Asian bone models (left and right) from the database were used for the preliminary optimization process and validation of the fibula plate. The implant was constructed to fit bilaterally in a lateral position of the fibula. Then a biomechanical comparison of the designed implant to the current gold standard in the treatment of distal fibular fractures (locking 1/3 tubular plate) was conducted. Finally, a clinical surveillance study to evaluate the grade of implant fit achieved was performed. The results showed that with a virtual anatomic database it was possible to design a fibula plate with an optimized fit for a large proportion of the population. Biomechanical testing showed the novel fibula plate to be superior to 1/3 tubular plates in 4-point bending tests. The clinical application showed a very high degree of primary implant fit. Only in a small minority of cases further intra-operative implant bending was necessary. Therefore, the goal to develop an implant for the treatment of distal fibular fractures based on the evidence of a large anatomical database could be attained. Biomechanical testing showed good results regarding the stability and the clinical application confirmed the high grade of anatomical fit.
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10.2174/1874325001206010001
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pubmed_400_5269
|
Neural networks are approximation techniques that can be characterized by adaptability rather than by precision. For feedback systems, high precision can still be acquired in presence of errors. Within a general iterative framework of closed-loop kinematic robotic control using linear local modeling, the inverse Jacobian matrix error and the maximum length of the displacement for which the linear model is valid are computed. They guarantee convergence of the feedback loop. The error bounds are computed for our manipulator. The theoretical results are validated by simulation.
|
10.1016/s0893-6080(97)00094-4
|
pubmed_350_16735
|
The effect of exposing mice to both a chemical carcinogen and leukemia virus with and without an inhibitor of DNA repair were compared. The data indicated that benzo[a]pyrene (BP) could exert a potentiating effect of Friend viral leukemogenesis in mice, which was dependent on the relative times of administration of the chemical and virus. The addition of caffeine as an inhibitor of DNA repair further enhanced the potentiating effect of BP on the leukemia, but in the absence of BP, caffeine showed no carcinogenic effect either when given alone or in conjunction with Friend leukemia virus.
|
10.1093/carcin/2.1.1
|
pubmed_527_12833
|
INTRODUCTION
Radical prostatectomy is the treatment of choice for prostate cancer patients. Despite the introduction of nerve-sparing surgical techniques, its success is not entirely guaranteed and the majority of patients report compromised erectile function following surgical procedures.
AIM
This study was performed to investigate the effect of repeated dosing of udenafil, a novel phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, on penile hypoxia and fibrosis induced by bilateral cavernous nerve resection (BCNR) in rats.
METHODS
Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-320 g) were used in this study. The animals were divided into three groups; group I consisted of sham-operated animals (N = 10), animals in group II underwent BCNR alone (N = 10), and animals in group III were orally treated with 10 mg/kg udenafil b.i.d. for 8 weeks following BCNR (N = 10).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
The expression of transforming growth factor-beta1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, and endothelin B receptor in penile tissue was examined at gene level. Additionally, erectile function, measured by intracavernous pressure (ICP), and pathological changes in the corpus cavernosum were examined.
RESULTS
While fibrosis, apoptosis, and the expression of TGF-beta1, HIF-1 alpha, and ET(B) were significantly increased, and the expression of eNOS and nNOS were significantly decreased in group II, compared with the sham-operated animals, repeated dosing of udenafil significantly ameliorated these changes. Erectile function was profoundly impaired in animals that underwent BCNR alone, and udenafil treatment significantly attenuated this impairment as measured by ICP.
CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate that long-term administration of udenafil ameliorates penile hypoxia and fibrosis induced by cavernous nerve resection. This study also suggests the potential beneficial role of repeated dosing of udenafil in the recovery of erectile function in patients with neuronal erectile dysfunction.
|
10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.01858.x
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pubmed_718_20189
|
Widespread damage of the enteric nervous system has been described in Crohn's disease. Using routine microscopy and immunohistochemistry we have studied the presence of the inflammatory infiltrate in relation with the enteric nervous system in small intestinal biopsies from 20 patients with Crohn's disease (9 patients with perforating disease and 11 patients with stricturing disease) and in 10 biopsies from normal small intestine. Routine microscopy shows the presence of a mild inflammatory infiltrate in relation with the components of the nervous system in Crohn's disease. Immunohistochemistry for subtypes of lymphocytes shows that alterations of the enteric nervous system are associated with the presence of T lymphocytes and MHC class II positive monocytes. In addition MHC class II antigens are strongly expressed on components of the enteric nervous system, especially on enteroglial cells. The latter finding is confirmed by immuno-transmission electronmicroscopy. A similar expression can also be found on occasional vascular smooth muscle cells. These changes are associated with a disturbed anatomical distribution of the enteric nervous system and with an increased number of thickened nerve fibers. The strong expression of MHC class II antigens suggests that the alterations of the enteric nervous system in Crohn's disease are the result of an inflammatory process and that they may have an active part in the pathogenesis of the intestinal lesions in Crohn's disease.
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pubmed_718_20189
|
pubmed_532_1878
|
BACKGROUND
Studies failing to show a negative effect of rapid weight loss (RWL) on performance have been conducted in athletes who have been cycling weight for years. It has been suggested that chronic weight cycling could lead combat athletes to become resistant to the stresses associated with weight loss. To investigate the effects of RWL up to 5% of body mass on high-intensity intermittent performance in weight cyclers (WC) and non-weight cyclers (non-WC).
METHODS
Eighteen male combat athletes (WC: n=10; non-WC: n=8) reduced up to 5% of their body mass in 5 days. Body composition, high-intensity performance and plasma lactate were assessed preweight loss and postweight loss. Athletes had 4 h to re-feed and rehydrate following the weigh-in. Food intake was recorded during the weight loss and the recovery periods.
RESULTS
Athletes significantly decreased body mass, lean body mass (most likely due to fluid loss) and fat mass following weight loss. No significant changes in performance were found from preweight loss to postweight loss in both groups. Plasma lactate was significantly elevated after exercise in both groups, but no differences were found between groups and in response to RWL. For all these variables no differences were observed between groups. Athletes from both groups ingested high amounts of energy and carbohydrates during the recovery period after the weigh-in.
CONCLUSIONS
Chronic weight cycling does not protect athletes from the negative impact of RWL on performance. The time to recover after weigh-in and the patterns of food and fluid ingestion during this period is likely to play the major role in restoring performance to baseline levels.
|
10.1136/bjsports-2013-092689
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pubmed_605_2321
|
Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) are rare cord-stromal tumors that may occur in testis or ovaries and may produce androgens or estrogens. The majority has been found in men between the ages of 20 and 60 years. Adults with androgen-secreting LCTs are usually asymptomatic; feminizing syndromes may result from the production of estradiol or the peripheral aromatization of testosterone. In children, LCTs usually present between 5 and 10 years of age with isosexual precocious pseudopuberty or gynecomastia. We report 2 cases of LCT in prepubertal boys presenting with advanced unilateral pubarche and testicular volume asymmetry. Both subjects had normal penis size for age; no axillary hair or other signs of puberty were present. Height velocity was normal, and bone age was coincident with chronological age. Androgen levels were normal, as well as estrogen, corticotropin, and cortisol concentration. Testicular ultrasound demonstrated a testicular mass. Histology examination revealed a well-differentiated LCT. This is the first report of 2 pediatric patients with LCT presenting with advanced pubarche in absence of systemic hyperandrogenism. We hypothesize that the neoplastic cells may locally produce high levels of androgens or androgen-like bioactivity molecules that are responsible for the clinical manifestation. We suggest that a testicular ultrasound should be obtained in all children presenting with unilateral pubarche, with or without hyperandrogenism.
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pubmed_605_2321
|
pubmed_979_11905
|
This article describes New Zealand's program for developing managers in health services, called the National Management Development Program (NMDP), run by a newly established unit of the Department of Health. This is a set of programs for training various groups of individuals in health administration: those with no experience who wish to enter the field, those in a particular area of health, and those who are already managers in the health field. The Top Management Program, designed for professionals already heading health agencies, offers continuing education as a sustained approach to improving individual management ability.
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pubmed_979_11905
|
pubmed_928_14658
|
BACKGROUND
Heparin is known to have antithrombotic, anticoagulant, and antiproliferative effects. We hypothesized that chronic subcutaneous and/or direct intramural administration of heparin would reduce restenosis and inhibit plaque growth after balloon angioplasty.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Focal atherosclerosis was induced bilaterally in the femoral arteries of 59 rabbits by air desiccation intimal injury and a 2% cholesterol diet. After angioplasty, the rabbits were assigned to one of four treatment groups. Control arteries (n = 21) received no additional heparin. A second group of 20 arteries was treated with a porous balloon that delivered heparin (1,500 units) directly into the arterial wall. A third group (n = 29) received subcutaneous heparin (350 units.kg-1.day-1) for 28 days, and a fourth group (n = 23) was treated with subcutaneous and intramural heparin. Quantitative angiography showed a modest reduction in restenosis (defined as the change in minimal luminal diameter from immediately after angioplasty to 28 days) with subcutaneous heparin compared with control arteries (0.32 +/- 0.18 versus 0.58 +/- 0.34 mm, p < 0.01); however, luminal diameter was not improved at 28 days compared with before angioplasty. Intramural delivery of heparin by the porous balloon catheter was confirmed by use of fluoresceinated heparin in one animal. Angiographic restenosis was not reduced in arteries treated with intramural heparin versus controls (0.61 +/- 0.54 versus 0.58 +/- 0.34 mm, p = NS). Blinded planimetric analysis of histological sections showed no differences in luminal cross-sectional area narrowing by atherosclerotic plaque, in plaque area, or in plaque/media ratio at 28 days among the four treatment groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Chronic subcutaneous heparin after balloon angioplasty results in a modest reduction in angiographic restenosis in this model; however, the absolute luminal diameter is not improved compared with before angioplasty, and plaque area and percent luminal narrowing by plaque were not different among the four treatment groups. Heparin can be delivered into an atherosclerotic plaque by a porous balloon, but this treatment does not reduce restenosis after angioplasty in this model.
|
10.1161/01.cir.86.5.1536
|
pubmed_515_19567
|
A study was conducted to investigate the absorption and translocation of a novel herbicide (14)C-ZJ0273 in the seedlings and the residue in the mature plants of oilseed rape. Total absorption of (14)C-ZJ0273 into seedlings and mature plants of oilseed rape reached 39.7% and 34.2% at the end of the experiments, respectively. Movement of the absorbed (14)C in the plants was both acropetal and basipetal. However, more than 89.2% of the absorbed (14)C remained in the treated leaf of the tested plants. The distribution of the absorbed (14)C in the seedlings followed the order treated leaf (TL) > leaves above the treated leaf (LATL) > leaves below the treated leaf (LBTL) > roots and stalks, while in the mature oilseed rape, the order followed was TL > LATL > LBTL and stems > seed capsules, seed, and roots > branches. Only the parent compound ZJ0273 was found in the extractable residue of the oil rape seeds with a concentration of 0.09 mg per kg dry weight. The residue level in oil seeds suggested a low dietary exposure for humans if recommended application rates were followed.
|
10.1021/jf9001389
|
pubmed_536_10798
|
The experiments consisted of two locations, i.e., the first one was carried out on a growers's upland area at Saraburi Province, Central Plane region of Thailand with the use of Chatturat soil series (Typic Haplustalfs, fine, mixed) and the second experiment was carried out at Suranaree Technology university Experimental Farm, Suranaree Technology University Northeast Thailand with the use of Korat soil series (Oxic Paleustults). The experiments aimed to investigate the effect of residual effects of applied chemical fertilisers on growth and seed yields of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) after the harvests of initial main crops of maize, soybean and sunflower. The experiments consisted of four cultural methods being practiced by growers in both regions. For Methods 1 and 2, each had four fertiliser treatments; Method 3 consisted of two fertiliser treatments and Method 4 was used as a control treatment. The results showed that soil pH, organic matter and nutrients of Korat soil series were most suited soil conditions for growth of sunflower plants, whilst that of Chatturat soil series at Saraburi province was an alkaline soil with a mean value of soil pH of 7.8. Chatturat soil series, in most cases, gave higher amounts of seed yields (1,943.75 kg ha(-1)) than Korat soil series. Residual effects of applied chemical fertilisers to main crops of soybean gave better growth and seed yields of sunflower plants and it is considered to be the first choice. The use of sunflower and maize as main crops gave a second choice for subsequent crop of sunflower.
|
10.3923/pjbs.2007.959.963
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pubmed_389_6545
|
An avenue of tremendous interest and need in health care encompasses the regeneration of bone and cartilage. Over the years, numerous tissue engineering strategies have contributed substantial progress toward the realization of clinically relevant therapies. Cell and tissue culture protocols, however, show many variations that make experimental results among different publications challenging to compare. This collection surveys prevalent cell sources, soluble factors, culture medium formulations, environmental factors, and genetic modification approaches in the literature. The intent of consolidating this information is to provide a starting resource for scientists considering how to optimize the parameters for cell differentiation and tissue culture procedures within the context of bone and cartilage tissue engineering.
|
10.1101/cshperspect.a025734
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pubmed_235_21255
|
Motor learning may be enhanced when a single session of aerobic exercise is performed immediately before or after motor skill practice. Most research to date has focused on aerobically trained (AT) individuals, but it is unknown if aerobically untrained (AU) individuals would equally benefit. We aimed to: (a) replicate previous studies and determine the effect of rest (REST) versus exercise (EXE) on motor skill retention, and (b) explore the effect of aerobic fitness level (AU, AT), assessed by peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), on motor skill retention after exercise. Forty-four participants (20-29 years) practiced a visuomotor tracking task (acquisition), immediately followed by 25-min of high-intensity cycling or rest. Twenty-four hours after acquisition, participants completed a motor skill retention test. REST and EXE groups significantly improved motor skill performance during acquisition [F(3.17, 133.22) = 269.13, P = 0.001], but had no group differences in motor skill retention across time. AU-exercise (VO2peak = 31.6 ± 4.2 ml kg-1 min-1) and AT-exercise (VO2peak = 51.5 ± 7.6 ml kg-1 min-1) groups significantly improved motor skill performance during acquisition [F(3.07, 61.44) = 155.95, P = 0.001], but had no group differences in motor skill retention across time. Therefore, exercise or aerobic fitness level did not modify motor skill retention.
|
10.1038/s41598-021-84764-y
|
pubmed_495_16211
|
The effect of the protein kinase C activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), on the metabolism of exogenous leukotriene (LT)A4 in human granulocytes was investigated. After incubation with LTA4 decreased levels of LTC4 but not LTB4 were observed in granulocyte suspensions pretreated with PMA. This finding could in part be ascribed to oxidative metabolism of LTC4, since PMA induced a rapid degradation of exogenously added LTC4. After blocking of LTC4 metabolism with the H2O2 scavenger catalase, a PMA-provoked suppression of the conversion of LTA4 to LTC4 was observed, indicating PKC-dependent regulation of LTC4 synthase activity. This effect, as well as PMA-induced degradation of LTC4 was prevented by specific protein kinase C inhibitors.
|
10.1016/0014-5793(95)01303-2
|
pubmed_997_11870
|
Obesity is becoming an inevitable pandemic all over the world. The World Obesity Federation predicts in the 2022 World Obesity Atlas that one billion people worldwide, including 1 in 5 women and 1 in 7 men, will be living with obesity by 2030. Moreover, the prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide, and diabetes is becoming more of a public health problem. Increased insulin resistance due to obesity and deficiency in insulin secretion are the two main causes of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). An exogenous chemical or mixture of chemicals that interferes with any aspect of hormone action was defined as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Bisphenol A (BPA), the first known EDC, was synthesized and was considered to be estrogenic. Global production of BPA has increased progressively from 5 to 8 million tons (MT) between 2010 and 2016. Furthermore, researchers estimated that the production should reach 10.2 MT by 2022. The human population is exposed to EDCs in daily life in such forms as pesticides/herbicides, industrial and household products, plastics, detergents, and personal care products. The term obesogen was used for chemicals that promote weight gain and obesity by increasing the number of adipocytes and fat storage in existing adipocytes, changing the energy balance, and finally regulating appetite and satiety. Besides the obesogenic effect, EDCs can cause T2DM through alteration in ß cell function and morphology and insulin resistance. In this review, we provide clinical and mechanistic evidence regarding EDCs as obesogen and diabetogen. However, those studies are not enough methodologically to indicate causality. In this respect, randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate the association between obesogen, diabetogen and the related metabolic clinical picture.
|
10.12998/wjcc.v10.i31.11226
|
pubmed_565_16934
|
OBJECTIVES
Acquired anterior open bites were reported as the consequence of condylar collapse, which was associated with inflammatory TMJ disorders. However, we have seen such malocclusion patients whose condylar changes seemed to be related to TMJ degeneration associated with internal derangement. The aims of this study were to review the clinical history and to study the TMJ MRI of these patients.
STUDY DESIGN
TMJ MRIs of patients, who had presented acquired anterior open bite at first visit, were retrieved from the image database for the analysis. Clinical histories focused on internal derangement were collected retrospectively. The soft tissue and hard tissue changes disclosed by MRI were also studied.
RESULTS
All patients had experienced common signs/symptoms of TMJ internal derangement. All affected TMJs had anteriorly displaced disks and degenerative changes. Horizontally destructed condylar forms were seen significantly more frequently in these patients.
CONCLUSION
TMJ degeneration associated with displaced disks might be a cause leading to the development of acquired anterior open bite.
|
10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.10.020
|
pubmed_881_22438
|
OBJECTIVES
To determine the character, intensity and frequency of pain in Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and to evaluate the response to treatment.
DESIGN
A prospective longitudinal study.
SETTING
Academic hospital-based practices.
PATIENTS
Fifty-five consecutive patients with GBS.
INTERVENTIONS
Patients were evaluated on admission and at 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 weeks.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Character of pain, pain intensity using Visual Analogue Scale ([VAS] 0 to 10 cm) and Present Pain Intensity of McGill Pain Questionnaire, pain relief (VAS 0 to 10 cm), Disability Grading Scale for GBS.
RESULTS
Forty-nine patients (89.1%) described pain during the course of their illness. On admission, mean pain intensity (VAS) was 4.7 +/- 3.3. However, 26 patients (47.3%) described pain that was either distressing, horrible, or excruciating (mean VAS, 7.0 +/- 2.0). The most common pain syndromes observed were deep aching back and leg pain and dysesthetic extremity pain. Pain intensity on admission correlated poorly with neurologic disability on admission (r = 0.26, p = 0.06) and throughout the period of study (r < 0.20, p > 0.10). Forty-one patients (74.5%) required opioid analgesics, with 16 (29.0%) receiving parenteral morphine to provide adequate pain relief.
CONCLUSIONS
Moderate to severe pain is a common and early symptom of GBS and requires aggressive treatment. Pain intensity on admission is not a predictor of poor prognosis. Back and leg pain usually resolves over the first 8 weeks, but dysesthetic extremity pain may persist longer in 5 to 10% of patients despite motor recovery and the use of adjuvant analgesics.
|
10.1212/wnl.48.2.328
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pubmed_923_21923
|
Spontaneous and X-ray-induced mutants of the HPRT gene were isolated from two primary human fibroblast lines. The limited life-span of the mutants restricted the use of methods requiring large quantities of DNA, and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used in particular to check for the presence of multiple genomic sites in mutant analysis. Robust PCR primers were designed to amplify sites of up to 1 kb, mostly with 1-kb spacings between sites, over the entire 56-kb HPRT gene region. Using PCR, large deletions were found in 43% of independent X-ray-induced mutants, and their breakpoints were localized where these fell within the gene. Anonymous DNA sites in the Xq26 chromosomal region containing HPRT (covering > or = 1.5 Mb) were also amplified by PCR to assess codeletion with HPRT; sites up to 1 Mb distal to the gene (DXS86, DXS10) were codeleted in some mutants, but no mutant was found with loss of a proximal site (DXS79).
|
10.1007/BF01233950
|
pubmed_218_18298
|
Cryptococcosis is one of the most common opportunistic fungal infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). We report 13 cases of cryptococcal infection based on histopathology, serology and cultures. Epidemiological analysis, histochemical techniques of hematoxilin and eosin (HE) and Grocot's silver (GMS), as well special histochemical techniques such as Mayer's mucicarmine (MM) and Fontana-Masson (FM), cryptococcal antigen test (CrAg) and isolation on fungal media: Sabouraud's (SAB), brain-heart infusion agar (BHI) and canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue (CGB) agar were analyzed. Unsatisfactory staining results by MM stain associated to negative titers by CrAg test, which FM stain confirmed that capsule-deficient Cryptococcus infections were observed in four cases. Eight isolated cases were identified as follows: six cases were infection with Cryptococcus neoformans and two cases were Cryptococcus gattii.
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pubmed_218_18298
|
pubmed_285_5606
|
Replies to comments by A. M. Glenberg (see record 2015-22897-006) on the author's original article (see record 2015-22897-004) on the embodied cognition debate. The core issue at stake in the debate is whether the format of thought is amodal or modality-specific. In his paper, Glenberg argues that "embodied systems do just fine accounting for perception, action, concrete cognition, and abstract cognition" and goes on to suggest that "Now the onus is on traditional cognitive scientists, those who wish to maintain a Cartesian distinction between human thought and action, a cherished and seemingly obvious belief, but ultimately, a type of flat-world hypothesis." But, is it really a "type of flat-world hypothesis" to maintain that cognitive processes can be amodal in their representational format? Mahon does not believe that it is. There is a reasonable theoretical alternative to the embodied cognition hypothesis that can account for the extant data, and which does not require adopting the view that "cognition is sensorimotor processing." That theoretical alternative (a) maintains a strict representational distinction between amodal concepts and sensorimotor systems and (b) argues that sensorimotor activation during conceptual processing reflects the structure and dynamics of connectivity between amodal representations and sensorimotor systems. The types of findings that Glenberg (2015) cites as support for embodied cognition do not distinguish between the embodied cognition hypothesis and this theoretical alternative. Furthermore, neuropsychological data indicate that sensorimotor impairments can occur without concomitant conceptual level deficits.
|
10.1037/cep0000059
|
pubmed_827_15997
|
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of what it means for adolescent females to live with type 1 diabetes.
METHODS
Van Manen's phenomenological framework was used to guide the project of inquiry. Adolescents were recruited from a diabetes camp. A purposive sample of 10 adolescent females, aged 16 and 17 years, volunteered to participate in the study. Unstructured, one-on-one interviews were conducted and participants' accounts were transcribed and analyzed for themes.
RESULTS
Five themes were identified: (1) blending in with the adolescent culture, (2) standing out and being watched, (3) weighing the options and making choices, (4) being tethered to the system and to diabetes, and (5) struggling with conflicts. These adolescent females struggled with several conflicts and choices they were forced to make on a daily basis. They felt tethered to a disease that would never go away and to the healthcare system. Yet, they adopted ways to handle their disease so that it was manageable within the context of their lives. Fitting in with their peers was often more important than diabetes management.
CONCLUSIONS
Making visible the experience of adolescent females living with type 1 diabetes has implications for practice, education, and research in diabetes education.
|
10.1177/014572170403000117
|
pubmed_2_802
|
BACKGROUND
Pain and discomfort in relation to vascular closure are the predominant patient complaints after coronary angiography (CAG). No large-scale randomized studies have evaluated pain and discomfort after CAG with access site closure by manual compression versus a vascular closure device (VCD).
AIM
To compare pain and discomfort after femoral artery closure by manual compression versus FemoSeal® VCD.
METHODS
The study is a sub study to the CLOSE-UP study, a randomized, single centre comparison of FemoSeal(®) VCD versus manual compression after CAG. Pain and discomfort score was assessed immediately after the closure procedure, at time for mobilization, at discharge and after 14 days.
RESULTS
1014 patients were included and 1001 patients entered analysis. In-hospital follow-up was obtained for all patients and 14-day follow-up was completed for 96% of patients. The closure procedure lasted 1 (1-1) min in the FemoSeal(®)VCD group and 8 (6-10) min in the manual compression group. Pain and discomfort score at the procedure was significantly higher in the FemoSeal(®)VCD group. No differences in pain and discomfort were detected after leaving the catheterization laboratory.
CONCLUSION
Closure of femoral access after CAG by the FemoSeal(®)VCD was associated with significantly more pain and discomfort compared with closure by manual compression. No difference in pain and discomfort was found at follow-up.
|
10.1177/1474515113482809
|
pubmed_867_6426
|
The beginning resident in psychiatry often finds schizophrenic inpatients to be noncompliant with the standard therapeutic approaches. This can present a significant supervisory challenge. An approach that views the schizophrenic as deficient of "good" objects and emphasizes the resident's capacity to form ordinary human relationships is discussed as a means of establishing therapeutic contact.
|
10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1987.41.2.185
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pubmed_403_608
|
BACKGROUND
As dental technicians are exposed to a variety of airborne chemicals that can act as irritants and sensitizers, and may give rise to work-related respiratory symptoms, the aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of respiratory symptoms of exposure to substances in the workplace and associated risk factors in dental laboratory technicians.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study was performed among 539 dental technicians in the Plovdiv region using a self-report questionnaire. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed in order to investigate the relationship between sex, work experience, daily exposure to chemicals from the dental environment, and a history of atopic disorder with work-related respiratory symptoms.
RESULTS
A total of 539 dental technicians completed the questionnaire. The prevalence of self-reported work-related respiratory symptoms was 26.2%. Based on logistic regression, the most significant factors associated with work-related respiratory symptoms were daily exposure of >8 h (OR = 5.83, 95% CI: 1.96-17.34) and the lack of a ventilation system (OR = 4.26, 95% CI: 2.39-7.58). Dental technicians with work experience of <5 years more often reported work-related respiratory symptoms (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.14-3.44) compared to those with long-term exposure of >20 years. A personal history of asthma (OR = 3.74, 95% CI: 1.39-10.07), allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.29-3.41) and atopic dermatitis (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.23-4.38) was also associated with work-related respiratory symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this study suggest that work-related respiratory symptoms are frequent among dental technicians and occur early in their career. A more comprehensive study should be conducted throughout the country in order to estimate the prevalence, and to establish effective programs and techniques of preventing work-related respiratory symptoms in dental technicians. Med Pr. 2021;72(2):105-11.
|
10.13075/mp.5893.01033
|
pubmed_438_20378
|
Prenatal diagnosis of foetal anomalies and their management by invasive and non-invasive techniques are discussed. Early diagnosis allows the parents to organise appropriate neonatal management for sublethal and correctable anomalies while termination of early pregnancy is an option for lethal anomalies.
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pubmed_438_20378
|
pubmed_1072_14204
|
INTRODUCTION
Many autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), share common mechanisms; however, population-based studies of the magnitude of multiple autoimmune diseases in patients with RA have not been performed.
METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional study using a US administrative healthcare thcare claims database to screen for prevalence of multiple autoimmune diseases in patients with RA and osteoarthritis (OA). Each patient diagnosed with RA between January 1, 2006 and September 30, 2014 was age- and sex-matched with five patients with OA. The prevalence of 37 pre-specified autoimmune diseases during the 24-month period before and after RA or OA diagnosis was compared.
RESULTS
Overall, 286,601 patients with RA and 992,838 matched patients (from 1,421,624 records) with OA were evaluated. During the baseline period, at least one and more than one autoimmune diseases were identified in 24.3% and 6.0% of patients with RA compared with 10.5% and 1.4% of patients with OA, respectively. Highest prevalence rates for patients with RA were for systemic lupus erythematosus (3.8% versus 0.7% for OA) and psoriatic arthritis (3.2% versus 0.4%). Highest odds ratios (ORs) comparing RA with OA were for the prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis (OR 8.0; 95% CI 7.6, 8.5) and psoriatic arthritis (OR 7.8; 95% CI 7.6, 8.1).
CONCLUSION
Patients with RA have more concurrent autoimmune diseases than patients with OA. These data suggest that the interrelationship between RA and other autoimmune diseases, and outcomes associated with the occurrence of multiple autoimmune diseases, may play an important role in disease understanding, management, and treatment decisions.
FUNDING
Bristol-Myers Squibb.
|
10.1007/s12325-017-0627-3
|
pubmed_1098_3933
|
BACKGROUND
The surgical treatment of symptomatic thoracic disk herniations is technically challenging. In the past decade, a minimally invasive retropleural thoracotomy approach has become more popular to treat this pathology. However, efficient bone removal to safely perform the diskectomy and spinal cord decompression is difficult with this technique because of the small incision size and long working distance in the thoracic cavity and the proximity of the compressed thoracic cord.
OBJECTIVE
To describe a novel surgical technique for performing a thoracic diskectomy using a minimally invasive lateral approach using cannulated reamers to facilitate bone removal.
METHODS
This technique was used in 7 consecutive patients who presented with thoracic myelopathy from a thoracic disk herniation. First, a standard lateral minimally invasive retropleural approach to the thoracic spine was performed. Partially threaded guide wires were placed in the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies adjacent to the affected disk space, and sequential cannulated reamers were passed over the guidewires to perform partial corpectomies. The posterior annulus, posterior longitudinal ligament, and herniated disk material were then resected using Penfield dissectors and Kerrison rongeurs to complete the decompression.
RESULTS
All 7 patients who underwent thoracic diskectomy using this approach had stable or improved neurologic function postoperatively. There were no complications related to the use of the cannulated reamer technique.
CONCLUSION
The use of cannulated reamers provides a simple and efficient method for safe bone removal to facilitate minimally invasive thoracic diskectomy using a lateral approach. This is an easily reproducible technique using commonly available equipment.
|
10.1227/ons.0000000000000381
|
pubmed_813_22301
|
PURPOSE
A thermodynamic analysis of the binding to rat cortex adenosine A1 receptor of N6-substituted (full agonists) and N6-substituted-deoxyribose (partial agonists) adenosine derivatives was performed. The intrinsic activity of the compounds was evaluated by measurements of the inhibition of forskolin stimulated 3', 5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (c-AMP) levels in isolated epididymal rat adipocytes.
METHODS
The thermodynamic parameters deltaG(o) (standard free energy), deltaH(o) (standard enthalpy), and deltaS(o) (standard entropy) of the binding equilibrium were determined by means of affinity measurements carried out at different temperatures (0, 10, 20, 25, 30 degrees C). Levels of c-AMP were evaluated performing competitive protein binding assays.
RESULTS
The binding of the ligands increases with temperature enhancement and, as a consequence, is totally entropy driven. Standard entropy values correlate significantly with intrinsic activity ones.
CONCLUSIONS
It is proposed the data obtained by these in vitro experiments can be used to investigate the in vivo pharmacodynamic of A, full and partial agonists.
|
10.1023/a:1018987816891
|
pubmed_458_2476
|
The risk of contracting infectious disease in the course of police work is reviewed. The specific focus is on Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), hepatitis and tuberculosis. A review of the relevant literature and an assessment of the biohazard risk specific to police work is provided. The risk of AIDS and hepatitis C is seen to be less than the risk of hepatitis B. For these blood borne diseases, universal precautions are recommended. The application of such precautions to policing is outlined. Immunisation against hepatitis B is recommended. Tuberculosis is seen as a possibly increasing risk. A programme of surveillance is recommended. A review of post-exposure management is provided.
|
10.1016/1353-1131(95)90075-6
|
pubmed_92_19575
|
11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) and type 2 (11β-HSD2) are expressed in rat testis, where they regulate the local concentrations of glucocorticoids. Here, we investigated the expression and localization of 11β-HSD in rat testis during postnatal development, and the regulation of these genes by luteinizing hormone (LH) and androgens. mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting, respectively, in testes collected from rats at postnatal day (PND) 7, 14, 21, 35, and 90, and from rats treated with LH, 7α-methyl-19-nortestosterone (MENT) and testosterone at PND 21 and PND 90. Immunohistochemical staining was used to identify the localization of the 11β-HSD in rat testis at PND 7, 14, and 90. We found that 11β-HSD1 expression was restricted to the interstitial areas, and that its levels increased during rat testis development. In contrast, whereas 11β-HSD2 was expressed in both the interstitial areas and seminiferous tubules at PND 7, it was present only in the interstitial areas at PND 90, and its levels declined during testicular development. Moreover, 11β-HSD1 mRNA was induced by LH in both the PND 21 and 90 testes and by MENT at PND 21, whereas 11β-HSD2 mRNA was induced by testosterone and MENT in the PND 21 testis and by LH in the PND 90 testis. In conclusion, our study indicates that the 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 genes have distinct patterns of spatiotemporal expression and hormonal regulation during postnatal development of the rat testis.
|
10.4103/1008-682X.132471
|
pubmed_142_23972
|
BACKGROUND
Mobile health (mHealth) services are growing in importance in health care research with the advancement of wireless networks, tablets, and mobile phone technologies. These technologies offer a wide range of applications that cover the spectrum of health care delivery. Although preliminary experiments in mHealth demonstrate promising results, more robust real-world evidence is needed for widespread adoption and sustainment of these technologies.
OBJECTIVE
Our aim was to identify the problems/challenges associated with sustained use of an mHealth addiction recovery support app and to determine strategies used by agencies that successfully sustained client use of A-CHESS.
METHODS
Qualitative inquiry assessed staff perceptions about organizational attributes and strategies associated with sustained use of the mobile app, A-CHESS. A total of 73 interviews of clinicians and administrators were conducted. The initial interviews (n=36) occurred at the implementation of A-CHESS. Follow-up interviews (n=37) occurred approximately 12 and 24 months later. A coding scheme was developed and Multiuser NVivo was used to manage and analyze the blinded interview data.
RESULTS
Successful strategies used by treatment providers to sustain A-CHESS included (1) strong leadership support, (2) use of client feedback reports to follow up on non-engaged clients, (3) identify passionate staff and incorporate A-CHESS discussions in weekly meetings, (4) develop A-CHESS guidelines related to client use, (5) establish internal work groups to engage clients, and (6) establish a financial strategy to sustain A-CHESS use. The study also identified attributes of A-CHESS that enhanced as well as inhibited its sustainability.
CONCLUSIONS
Mobile apps can play an important role in health care delivery. However, providers will need to develop strategies for engaging both staff and patients in ongoing use of the apps. They will also need to rework business processes to accommodate the changes in communication frequency and style, learn to use app data for decision making, and identify financing mechanisms for supporting these changes.
|
10.2196/jmir.3965
|
pubmed_642_9314
|
The in vivo implanted biomaterials are known to induce inflammatory response and recruit immune cells, which could be used as robust adjuvants for immunotherapy. However, the degree of inflammatory response induced by the implanted biomaterials is hard to control. In this work, we reported the application of three kinds of thermogels from the polypeptide methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-polyalanine (mPEG-PAla) with various chiralities to regulate the levels of inflammatory responses in vivo. The mPEG-PLAla (EG45LA28) and mPEG-PDAal (EG45DA27) thermogels exhibited comparable storage modulus ( G') and loss modulus ( G″), both of which were about two times higher than the values of the racemic mPEG-PAla (EG45RA) thermogel. The component d-alanine in the polypeptide thermogels led to controlled tissue inflammation after subcutaneous injection, and the content of d-alanine could adjust the level of inflammation. The expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in subcutaneous tissue around the injected thermogel EG45DA27 were 3.62, 1.52, and 4.55 times the levels of those after EG45RA thermogel injection and 4.52, 7.38, and 7.96 times the levels of those after EG45LA28 injection, respectively. The results indicated that the chiral polypeptide thermogels could induce a controllable inflammatory response in vivo and exhibit great potential as an efficient adjuvant for immunotherapy.
|
10.1021/acsami.9b01872
|
pubmed_840_8881
|
Apical leakage continues to be a topic of great interest, because in spite of the advances in Endodontics, clinical failures still occur. Most failures are probably attributed to the proliferation of bacteria that remain viable after chemical-mechanical preparation and cause periapical tissue irritation. Coronal leakage has aroused researchers' interest over the last few years, since canals may be re-contaminated after loss of coronal sealing or fracture of the remaining tooth. In this review, the various methodologies used for assessing root canal sealing capacity are critically analyzed, as they are not standardized, which makes it difficult to compare the results obtained when different methodologies are used, even though the same substrate is being assessed.
|
10.2334/josnusd.48.93
|
pubmed_281_8994
|
The results of a combined experimental and computational investigation of the structural evolution of Au81Si19, Pd82Si18, and Pd77Cu6Si17 metallic glass forming liquids are presented. Electrostatically levitated metallic liquids are prepared, and synchrotron x-ray scattering studies are combined with embedded atom method molecular dynamics simulations to probe the distribution of relevant structural units. Metal-metalloid based metallic glass forming systems are an extremely important class of materials with varied glass forming ability and mechanical processibility. High quality experimental x-ray scattering data are in poor agreement with the data from the molecular dynamics simulations, demonstrating the need for improved interatomic potentials. The first peak in the x-ray static structure factor in Pd77Cu6Si17 displays evidence for a Curie-Weiss type behavior but also a peak in the effective Curie temperature. A proposed order parameter distinguishing glass forming ability, 1/ST,q1-1, shows a peak in the effective Curie temperature near a crossover temperature established by the behavior of the viscosity, TA.
|
10.1063/5.0123907
|
pubmed_878_18705
|
Fluorescence spectroscopy has been applied to the single tryptophan-containing regulatory protein Rev of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). The fluorescence emission was found to have a maximum at 336 nm which refers to a surrounding of the chromophore of intermediate polarity. Fluorescence transients recorded at the maximum of fluorescence were found to decay nonexponentially. A bimodal lifetime distribution is obtained from exponential series analysis (ESM) with centers at 1.7 and 4.5 ns. Two microenvironments for tryptophan are suggested to be responsible for the two lifetime distributions. No innerfilter effect occurred in a Rev solution up to a concentration of 40 μM. A data quality study of ESM analysis as function of collected counts in the peak channel maximum (CIM) showed that, for reliable reconvolution, at least 15,000 CIM are necessary. The widths of the two distributions are shown to be temperature dependent. The broadening of the lifetime distributions when the temperature is raised to 50°C is interpreted as extension of the number of conformational substates which do not interconvert on the fluorescence time scale. The thermal deactivation (temperature quenching) is reflected in a constant decrease in the center of the short-lived lifetime distribution.
|
10.1007/BF01881444
|
pubmed_202_3631
|
Preliminary reports indicate that gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is highly accurate for diagnosis of renal masses. The authors demonstrate the clinical utility of MR imaging for evaluating renal masses in 26 patients for whom contrast material-enhanced computed tomography (CT) was contraindicated or inadequate for diagnosis or staging. Nine patients had complex cysts, one had a perinephric hematoma, and 16 had a solid mass (three of which were benign). All patients underwent MR imaging before and after administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine. Multiple imaging techniques and sequences were used. All tumors and no cysts enhanced with gadolinium. Even though the three benign tumors enhanced, two were differentiated from renal carcinoma on the basis of other imaging features. Unenhanced MR imaging was accurate in staging of renal carcinomas, and use of gadolinium did not improve staging accuracy. Gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging is indicated when results of CT and sonography are indeterminate for malignancy and when contrast-enhanced CT is contraindicated because of renal failure or adverse reaction to iodinated contrast material. In this latter instance, MR imaging is useful for both diagnosis and staging.
|
10.1148/radiographics.12.6.1439014
|
pubmed_452_18597
|
METHODS
This observational retrospective cohort study includes 318 ARDS patients extracted from an ICU database between the years of 2001 and 2008. Clinical factors including age, gender, comorbidity score, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and PaO2/FiO2 ratio were chosen for the base model to predict ICU mortality. The RDW value at the time of ARDS diagnosis was added to the base model to determine if it improved its predictive ability.
RESULTS
318 subjects were included; 113 (36%) died in the ICU. AUC for the base model without RDW was 0.76, and 0.78 following the addition of RDW [p=0.048]. The NRI was 0.46 (p=0.001), indicating that, in 46% of patients, the predictive probability of the model was improved by the inclusion of RDW.
CONCLUSIONS
Adding RDW at time of ARDS diagnosis improved discrimination in a model using 4 clinical factors to predict ICU mortality.
|
10.1155/2020/3832683
|
pubmed_820_6795
|
This policy paper addresses the problem of underrepresentation of minorities in the health care professions. Projections are that by 2050 minorities will represent 49% of the U.S. population. Several notable reports suggest that the health care of underrepresented minorities is improved when providers of similar ethnic and racial backgrounds provide the care. However, minority representation in the health care professions has not kept pace with the increase of minorities in the population. A variety of groups (federal, state, private, and health professional educational institutions) have provided billions of dollars toward increasing the number of underrepresented minority health care providers. However, the effectiveness of these programs is not readily evident. Therefore, we recommend comprehensive evaluations of programs funded to increase diversity in the health professions and the development of a Minority Health Care Professionals Center to assume accountability for monitoring programs that receive funding to increase the number of underrepresented minority health care providers.
|
10.1177/1527154405283380
|
pubmed_95_6537
|
Tonoplast intrinsic proteins (TIPs) have been implicated in the process of cell elongation, such as occurs in the developing cotton fiber. We have isolated a cDNA clone (997 bp in length) from a cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) library which putatively encodes a protein of 248 residues (Mr 25079) with 85% identity to Arabidopsis delta-TIP. The derived amino acid sequence included two conserved sequences associated with major intrinsic proteins (SGxHxNPA at residues 78 to 85, NPA residues at 197 to 199) and a cysteine residue at 116 which is reported to bind mercury in Arabidopsis delta-TIP. The polymerase chain reaction was used to generate partial genomic clones of the cotton delta-TIP. In comparison to other genomic TIP sequences, the number (two) and position of the introns were conserved in cotton. Comparing the TIP sequences from cotton revealed two subfamilies, which were consistently distinguished by a Tsp45I restriction site polymorphism. This polymorphism was used to demonstrate that TIP subfamilies were specific to either the A or D genomes of Gossypium. When delta-TIP DNA fragments were amplified from cDNA of fiber 14 days after anthesis, the A and D were found, indicating the presence of delta-TIP transcripts in these elongating cells.
|
10.1023/a:1005844016688
|
pubmed_1019_21935
|
A single crystal structure of an aluminium-fluoride complex of a model compound (NODA-benzyl) was studied to understand the co-ordination chemistry. Series of ligands with an extra carboxylic acid linker for biomolecule conjugation were studied for improved (18)F-labeling applications.
|
10.1039/c1cc13151f
|
pubmed_735_13619
|
Besides the well recognized association of HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 alleles with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D), linkage studies have identified a gene region close to the non-classical class I HLA-G gene as an independent susceptibility marker. HLA-G is constitutively expressed in the endocrine compartment of the human pancreas and may play a role in controlling autoimmune responses. We evaluated the genetic diversity of the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of HLA-G, which have been associated with HLA-G mRNA post-transcriptional regulation, in 120 Brazilian T1D patients and in 120 healthy controls. We found the +3001 T allele was observed only in T1D patients. Notably, the +3001 T allele was in linkage disequilibrium with polymorphic sites associated with low production of HLA-G mRNA or soluble HLA-G levels. Moreover, T1D patients showed a low frequency of the HLA-G 3'UTR-17 (14bpINS/+3001T/+3003T/+3010C/+3027C/+3035T/+3142G/+3187A/+3196C). The +3010 CC genotype and the UTR-3 haplotype (14bpDEL/+3001C/+3003T/+3010C/+3027C/+3035C/+3142G/+3187A/+3196C), associated with low and moderate soluble HLA-G expression, respectively, were underrepresented in patients. The decreased expression of HLA-G at the pancreas level should be detrimental in individuals genetically prone to produce less HLA-G.
|
pubmed_735_13619
|
pubmed_959_20601
|
BACKGROUND
Exertional dyspnea is a common complaint of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). HFpEF is common in COPD and is an independent risk factor for disease progression and exacerbation. Early detection, therefore, has great clinical relevance.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study is to detect the frequency of masked HFpEF in non-severe COPD patients with exertional dyspnea, free of overt cardiovascular disease, and to analyze the correlation between masked HFpEF and the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) parameters.
METHODS
We applied the CPET in 104 non-severe COPD patients with exertional dyspnea, free of overt cardiovascular disease. Echocardiography was performed before and at peak CPET. Cut-off values for stress-induced left and right ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD/ RVDD) were E/e'>15; E/e'>6, respectively. Correlation analysis was done between CPET parameters and stress E/e'. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS
64% of the patients had stress-induced LVDD; 78% had stress-induced RVDD. Both groups with stress LVDD and RVDD achieved lower load, lower V'O2 and O2-pulse, besides showing reduced ventilatory efficiency (higher VE/VCO2 slopes). None of the CPET parameters were correlated to stress-induced left or right E/e'.
CONCLUSION
There is a high prevalence of stress-induced diastolic dysfunction in non-severe COPD patients with exertional dyspnea, free of overt cardiovascular disease. None of the CPET parameters correlates to stress-induced E/e'. This demands the performance of Exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) and CPET for the early detection and proper management of masked HFpEF in this population. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021; 116(2):259-265).
|
10.36660/abc.20190623
|
pubmed_462_20050
|
It is evident from this review that TNF exhibits complex interactions with other cytokines at the level of production and in its effects. Studies designed to determine the role of TNF in the animal models or cell culture system using pure recombinant molecules have revealed that TNF never operates by itself, but instead operates within a network of cytokines. First, the multitude of exogenous as well as endogenous signals, which induce TNF production, concomitantly also stimulate the production of a battery of other inflammatory cytokines: IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, multiple CSFs, IFN, and TGF-beta. Moreover, TNF itself stimulates the production of most of these cytokines. Thus even when pure recombinant TNF is used, it readily generates the production of other interactive cytokines. This apparent redundancy in the production of cytokines with overlapping effects presumably has protective advantage for the host. Furthermore, interaction of these cytokines is more economical and amplifies the responses to subtoxic doses of potentially harmful cytokines. Cytokine interaction may lead to either synergistic (as for many TNF-IL-1 interactions) or antagonistic effects (TNF and TGF-beta, for example). These may depend on (1) the modulation of receptor expression of one cytokine by another (IFN-gamma-enhancing receptor expression for TNF, and TGF-beta down-regulation of IL-1 receptors), (2) stabilization of the cytokine message by one another (induction of IL-6 by TNF or IL-1), (3) interactions at the level of signal transduction, (4) gene expression, or (5) at the posttranslational level. Thus the receptor repertoire, which is a function of the cell type and stage of development, actually determines the net effects of a particular combination of interactive cytokines. Clearly, the mechanisms of these interactions will need to be elucidated to better understand their biological function and to permit cytokines to be used clinically to the advantage of the host.
|
pubmed_462_20050
|
pubmed_3_20347
|
DNA and fingerprint identifications are now accepted as an integral part of the investigation of a wide range of criminal offences from burglary and auto crime to serious and major crime. Despite this, there is still much variation between U.K. police forces in the recovery of fingerprint and DNA material from crime scenes. Analysis of burglary and auto crime data for Northamptonshire, U.K., during a 3-year period has enabled an examination of the relationship between the deprivation of the neighborhood in which the crime was committed and the level of service provided by Crime Scene Examiners. The results indicate that the time spent examining a crime scene for forensic evidence is not affected by the deprivation of the neighborhood. Further, there is no statistical significance between deprivation and the recovery of fingerprints from the crime scene. The relationship between deprivation and DNA recovery is, however, statistically significant with DNA being recovered more frequently from less deprived neighborhoods.
|
10.1111/j.1556-4029.2007.00634.x
|
pubmed_34_7888
|
The concentrations of 137Cs and 134Cs in Malaysian marine sediments were measured by gamma-ray spectrometry with a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector connected to a multichannel analyzer. In general, the 137Cs concentration in Malaysian marine sediments has been found to be very low and less than 5 Bq/kg dry weight with the exception of those from a few sampling locations. The concentration of 134Cs was found to be less than the minimum detectable activity for the measuring condition used. Data reported in this paper were found to be comparable with results from within the region and thus can be used as reference data for the country.
|
10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.07.002
|
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