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Context: He also invested in a shopping mall in Columbus, Ohio. He has talked about some of those who have helped him over the years in business: "I couldn't have learned about business without a parade of teachers guiding me... from Milton Friedman to Donald Trump... and now, Les Wexner and Warren Buffett. I even learned a thing or two from Planet Hollywood, such as when to get out! And I did!" He has significant ownership in Dimensional Fund Advisors, an investment firm. Schwarzenegger is also the owner of Arnold's Sports Festival, which he started in 1989 and is held annually in Columbus, Ohio. It is a festival that hosts thousands of international health and fitness professionals which has also expanded into a three-day expo. He also owns a movie production company called Oak Productions, Inc. and Fitness Publications, a joint publishing venture with Simon & Schuster. Question: What investment firm does Schwarzenegger maintain partial ownership of? Answer: Dimensional Fund Advisors Question: What city hosts Arnold's Sports Festival each year? Answer: Columbus, Ohio Question: What's the name of Schwarzenegger's film production company? Answer: Oak Productions, Inc. Question: What renowned publishing company partners with Schwarzenegger in Fitness Publications? Answer: Simon & Schuster
Context: Tensions between John and the barons had been growing for several years, as demonstrated by the 1212 plot against the king. Many of the disaffected barons came from the north of England; that faction was often labelled by contemporaries and historians as "the Northerners". The northern barons rarely had any personal stake in the conflict in France, and many of them owed large sums of money to John; the revolt has been characterised as "a rebellion of the king's debtors". Many of John's military household joined the rebels, particularly amongst those that John had appointed to administrative roles across England; their local links and loyalties outweighed their personal loyalty to John. Tension also grew across North Wales, where opposition to the 1211 treaty between John and Llywelyn was turning into open conflict. For some the appointment of Peter des Roches as justiciar was an important factor, as he was considered an "abrasive foreigner" by many of the barons. The failure of John's French military campaign in 1214 was probably the final straw that precipitated the baronial uprising during John's final years as king; James Holt describes the path to civil war as "direct, short and unavoidable" following the defeat at Bouvines. Question: Where did many of the disaffected barons come from? Answer: north of England Question: Who was appointed justiciar? Answer: Peter des Roches Question: What was the final straw that precipitated the baronial uprising during John's final years as king? Answer: The failure of John's French military campaign
Context: Plant responses to climate and other environmental changes can inform our understanding of how these changes affect ecosystem function and productivity. For example, plant phenology can be a useful proxy for temperature in historical climatology, and the biological impact of climate change and global warming. Palynology, the analysis of fossil pollen deposits in sediments from thousands or millions of years ago allows the reconstruction of past climates. Estimates of atmospheric CO2 concentrations since the Palaeozoic have been obtained from stomatal densities and the leaf shapes and sizes of ancient land plants. Ozone depletion can expose plants to higher levels of ultraviolet radiation-B (UV-B), resulting in lower growth rates. Moreover, information from studies of community ecology, plant systematics, and taxonomy is essential to understanding vegetation change, habitat destruction and species extinction. Question: How can historical changes in the environment be detected? Answer: plant phenology Question: How can climate changes be determined from soil? Answer: fossil pollen deposits in sediments Question: What atmospheric gas can be determined from fossilized leaf sizes and shapes? Answer: CO2 Question: What causes lower growth in plants? Answer: Ozone depletion Question: What does ozone depletion allow? Answer: higher levels of ultraviolet radiation-B
Context: To expand his power, Napoleon used these assassination plots to justify the creation of an imperial system based on the Roman model. He believed that a Bourbon restoration would be more difficult if his family's succession was entrenched in the constitution. Launching yet another referendum, Napoleon was elected as Emperor of the French by a tally exceeding 99%. As with the Life Consulate two years earlier, this referendum produced heavy participation, bringing out almost 3.6 million voters to the polls. Question: The imperial system Napoleon created was based on what model? Answer: the Roman Question: What did Napoleon use to justify his creation of an imperial system? Answer: assassination plots Question: Napoleon wrote his family's succession into the constitution in an attempt to prevent the restoration of what former ruling family? Answer: Bourbon Question: Napoleon was elected Emperor of the French by more than what percentage of voters? Answer: 99% Question: About how many voters participated in the election that made Napoleon Emperor of the French? Answer: 3.6 million
Context: The era saw Libya's return to the international arena. In 1999, Libya began secret talks with the British government to normalise relations. In 2001, Gaddafi condemned the September 11 attacks on the U.S. by al-Qaeda, expressing sympathy with the victims and calling for Libyan involvement in the War on Terror against militant Islamism. His government continued suppressing domestic Islamism, at the same time as Gaddafi called for the wider application of sharia law. Libya also cemented connections with China and North Korea, being visited by Chinese President Jiang Zemin in April 2002. Influenced by the events of the Iraq War, in December 2003, Libya renounced its possession of weapons of mass destruction, decommissioning its chemical and nuclear weapons programs. Relations with the U.S. improved as a result, while UK Prime Minister Tony Blair met with Gaddafi in the Libyan desert in March 2004. The following month, Gaddafi travelled to the headquarters of the European Union (EU) in Brussels, signifying improved relations between Libya and the EU, the latter ending its remaining sanctions in October. In October 2010, the EU paid Libya €50 million to stop African migrants passing into Europe; Gaddafi encouraged the move, saying that it was necessary to prevent the loss of European cultural identity to a new "Black Europe". Removed from the U.S. list of state sponsors of terrorism in 2006, Gaddafi nevertheless continued his anti-western rhetoric, and at the Second Africa-South America Summit in Venezuela in September 2009, joined Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez in calling for an "anti-imperialist" front across Africa and Latin America. Gaddafi proposed the establishment of a South Atlantic Treaty Organization to rival NATO. That month he also addressed the United Nations General Assembly in New York for the first time, using it to condemn "western aggression". In Spring 2010, Gaddafi proclaimed jihad against Switzerland after Swiss police accused two of his family members of criminal activity in the country, resulting in the breakdown of bilateral relations. Question: What world leader notably visited Libya in 2002? Answer: Jiang Zemin Question: What conflict prompted Libya to end its nuclear weapons program? Answer: Iraq War Question: What world leader visited Gaddafi in 2004? Answer: Tony Blair Question: In what city is the EU headquarters located? Answer: Brussels Question: How much money did Libya receive to stem the flow of African migrants into Europe? Answer: €50 million
Context: Ibn Sina created an extensive corpus of works during what is commonly known as the Islamic Golden Age, in which the translations of Greco-Roman, Persian, and Indian texts were studied extensively. Greco-Roman (Mid- and Neo-Platonic, and Aristotelian) texts translated by the Kindi school were commented, redacted and developed substantially by Islamic intellectuals, who also built upon Persian and Indian mathematical systems, astronomy, algebra, trigonometry and medicine. The Samanid dynasty in the eastern part of Persia, Greater Khorasan and Central Asia as well as the Buyid dynasty in the western part of Persia and Iraq provided a thriving atmosphere for scholarly and cultural development. Under the Samanids, Bukhara rivaled Baghdad as a cultural capital of the Islamic world. Question: What was the term used to describe the age in which Ibn Sina created a big body of work? Answer: the Islamic Golden Age Question: What is one example of the type of translations done in the Islamic Golden Age? Answer: Persian Question: What school translated Greco-Roman texts during the Islamic Golden Age? Answer: the Kindi school Question: What was one dynasty that provided a great atmosphere for cultural development? Answer: the Buyid dynasty Question: What city was known as a cultural capital of the Islamic world? Answer: Baghdad Question: What age was Ibn Sina born in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What school did Ibn Sina attend? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who built on Islamic mathmatical systems? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What dynasty supressed cultural development Answer: Unanswerable Question: What city was the cultural capital of the world? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the term used to describe the age in which Ibn Sina destroyed a big body of work? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one example of the type of translations done in the Muslim Golden Age? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What school translated Greco-Roman texts before the Islamic Golden Age? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was one dynasty that provided a poor atmosphere for cultural development? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country was known as a cultural capital of the Islamic world? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Integral to the story of the origin of the name "Antarctica" is how it was not named Terra Australis—this name was given to Australia instead, and it was because of a mistake made by people who decided that a significant landmass would not be found farther south than Australia. Explorer Matthew Flinders, in particular, has been credited with popularizing the transfer of the name Terra Australis to Australia. He justified the titling of his book A Voyage to Terra Australis (1814) by writing in the introduction: Question: What did people once believe could not be found further south than Australia? Answer: significant landmass Question: What explorer gave the name of Terra Australis to Australia? Answer: Matthew Flinders Question: What was the name of Flinders book about his trip to Australia? Answer: A Voyage to Terra Australis Question: When did Flinders write his book of discovery? Answer: 1814 Question: What event caused people to misname Antarctica? Answer: mistake Question: What land mass was named after after Australia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What land mass was believed to be further south than Australia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What explorer opposed naming Australia after Terra Australis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What book did Matthew Flinders write in the 18th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What continent was given the name Australis Terra? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Flinder Matthews credited with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What book did Flinders write in 1841? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In May 2008 printing of The Times switched from Wapping to new plants at Broxbourne on the outskirts of London, and Merseyside and Glasgow, enabling the paper to be produced with full colour on every page for the first time. Question: In May 2008, The Times switched from what plant to new plants in Broxbourne, Merseyside, and Glasgow? Answer: Wapping Question: In 2008, The Times switched to a new plant in Broxbourne, which is on the outskirts of what city? Answer: London Question: In May 2008, The Times switched to new plants which allowed for what kind of feature to be printed on every page for the first time? Answer: full colour
Context: Chain department stores grew rapidly after 1920, and provided competition for the downtown upscale department stores, as well as local department stores in small cities. J. C. Penney had four stores in 1908, 312 in 1920, and 1452 in 1930. Sears, Roebuck & Company, a giant mail-order house, opened its first eight retail stores in 1925, and operated 338 by 1930, and 595 by 1940. The chains reached a middle-class audience, that was more interested in value than in upscale fashions. Sears was a pioneer in creating department stores that catered to men as well as women, especially with lines of hardware and building materials. It deemphasized the latest fashions in favor of practicality and durability, and allowed customers to select goods without the aid of a clerk. Its stores were oriented to motorists – set apart from existing business districts amid residential areas occupied by their target audience; had ample, free, off-street parking; and communicated a clear corporate identity. In the 1930s, the company designed fully air-conditioned, "windowless" stores whose layout was driven wholly by merchandising concerns. Question: How many stores was J. C. Penny operating in 1930? Answer: 1452 Question: What demographic were most stores focusing on? Answer: middle-class audience Question: What store was one of the first to offer shopping choices for both men and women at the same time? Answer: Sears Question: How many stores was Sears operating in 1940? Answer: 595 Question: How many stores was J. C. Penny operating in 1903? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many stores wasn't J. C. Penny operating in 1930? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What demographic weren't most stores focusing on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What store was one of the last to offer shopping choices for both men and women at the same time? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many stores was Sears operating in 1904? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The German equivalent was used with the founding of the North German Confederation whose constitution granted legislative power over the protection of intellectual property (Schutz des geistigen Eigentums) to the confederation. When the administrative secretariats established by the Paris Convention (1883) and the Berne Convention (1886) merged in 1893, they located in Berne, and also adopted the term intellectual property in their new combined title, the United International Bureaux for the Protection of Intellectual Property. Question: Which constitution gave legislative power to protect intellectual property? Answer: the North German Confederation Question: When was the Paris Convention? Answer: 1883 Question: When was the Berne Convention? Answer: 1886 Question: When did the Paris and Berne administrative secretariats merge? Answer: 1893 Question: What name did the merged secretariats adopt? Answer: United International Bureaux for the Protection of Intellectual Property Question: What constitution epressly protected intellectual propert? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What position was established by the Paris convention in 1886 and the Berne Convention 1883? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Secretaties from what convention merged with the secrataries of the Paris Convention in 1886? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who located in Paris after merging in 1893? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What name was adopted by the administrative secretatioes from the Berne Convention? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: An alternative concept is that they formed closer to the Sun, where the matter density was higher, and then subsequently migrated to their current orbits after the removal of the gaseous protoplanetary disc. This hypothesis of migration after formation is favoured, due to its ability to better explain the occupancy of the populations of small objects observed in the trans-Neptunian region. The current most widely accepted explanation of the details of this hypothesis is known as the Nice model, which explores the effect of a migrating Neptune and the other giant planets on the structure of the Kuiper belt. Question: If Neptune formed closer to the sun, what is the matter density? Answer: higher Question: If Neptune formed closer to the sun, what caused it to migrate to it's current orbit? Answer: removal of the gaseous protoplanetary disc Question: What is the most widely accepted explanation of Neptune's formation called? Answer: the Nice model Question: What does The Nice model consider effected the migration of Neptune? Answer: Kuiper belt. Question: If Jupiter formed closer to the sun, what is the matter density? Answer: Unanswerable Question: If Pluto formed closer to the sun, what caused it to migrate to it's current orbit? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the least widely accepted explanation of Neptune's formation called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does The Nice model consider effected the migration of Jupiter? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Ancient Egypt made significant advances in astronomy, mathematics and medicine. Their development of geometry was a necessary outgrowth of surveying to preserve the layout and ownership of farmland, which was flooded annually by the Nile river. The 3-4-5 right triangle and other rules of thumb were used to build rectilinear structures, and the post and lintel architecture of Egypt. Egypt was also a center of alchemy research for much of the Mediterranean.The Edwin Smith papyrus is one of the first medical documents still extant, and perhaps the earliest document that attempts to describe and analyse the brain: it might be seen as the very beginnings of modern neuroscience. However, while Egyptian medicine had some effective practices, it was not without its ineffective and sometimes harmful practices. Medical historians believe that ancient Egyptian pharmacology, for example, was largely ineffective. Nevertheless, it applies the following components to the treatment of disease: examination, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis, which display strong parallels to the basic empirical method of science and according to G. E. R. Lloyd played a significant role in the development of this methodology. The Ebers papyrus (c. 1550 BC) also contains evidence of traditional empiricism. Question: Which civilization advanced in astronomy, mathematics, and medicine? Answer: Ancient Egypt Question: What did Egyptians use to better organize their farmland? Answer: geometry Question: What theory did the Egyptians use to build rectilinear structures? Answer: The 3-4-5 right triangle Question: What research was Egypt known for? Answer: alchemy Question: What is the name of the earliest medical document? Answer: The Edwin Smith papyrus
Context: Both the vertical and dipole antennas are simple in construction and relatively inexpensive. The dipole antenna, which is the basis for most antenna designs, is a balanced component, with equal but opposite voltages and currents applied at its two terminals through a balanced transmission line (or to a coaxial transmission line through a so-called balun). The vertical antenna, on the other hand, is a monopole antenna. It is typically connected to the inner conductor of a coaxial transmission line (or a matching network); the shield of the transmission line is connected to ground. In this way, the ground (or any large conductive surface) plays the role of the second conductor of a dipole, thereby forming a complete circuit. Since monopole antennas rely on a conductive ground, a so-called grounding structure may be employed to provide a better ground contact to the earth or which itself acts as a ground plane to perform that function regardless of (or in absence of) an actual contact with the earth. Question: Are basic antennas expensive? Answer: relatively inexpensive Question: What is the foundation most often used when creating new antenna models? Answer: dipole antenna Question: What category do vertical antennas fall under? Answer: monopole antenna Question: What is used to close the circuit of a dipole antenna? Answer: large conductive surface
Context: The United States provides Egypt with annual military assistance, which in 2015 amounted to US$1.3 billion. In 1989, Egypt was designated as a major non-NATO ally of the United States. Nevertheless, ties between the two countries have partially soured since the July 2013 military coup that deposed Islamist president Mohamed Morsi, with the Obama administration condemning Egypt's violent crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood and its supporters, and cancelling future military exercises involving the two countries. There have been recent attempts, however, to normalise relations between the two, with both governments frequently calling for mutual support in the fight against regional and international terrorism. Question: How much military assistance di US give Egypt in 2015? Answer: US$1.3 billion Question: What event soured relations of US and Egypt in 2013? Answer: Egypt's violent crackdown on the Muslim Brotherhood and its supporters
Context: In February 1974, the British Prime Minister, Edward Heath, advised the Queen to call a general election in the middle of her tour of the Austronesian Pacific Rim, requiring her to fly back to Britain. The election resulted in a hung parliament; Heath's Conservatives were not the largest party, but could stay in office if they formed a coalition with the Liberals. Heath only resigned when discussions on forming a coalition foundered, after which the Queen asked the Leader of the Opposition, Labour's Harold Wilson, to form a government. Question: When did Edward Heath ask Elizabeth to call a general election? Answer: February 1974 Question: Where was Elizabeth when Heath advised that sh call for an election? Answer: Austronesian Pacific Rim Question: What did Elizabeth do after Heath adviser her? Answer: fly back to Britain Question: What did Heath do after his party could not form a coalition with the Labor party? Answer: resigned Question: Who did Elizabeth ask to form a government? Answer: Harold Wilson Question: In what year did Edward Heath become the British prime minister? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what month in 1974 did Edward Heath resign as prime minister? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what month in 1974 did Harold Wilson become prime minister? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Elizabeth begin her tour of the Austronesian Pacific Rim? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Labour's Prime Minister Harold Wilson form a government with? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Starting in 1984, some of these DJs, inspired by Jesse Saunders' success with "On and On", tried their hand at producing and releasing original compositions. These compositions used newly affordable electronic instruments to emulate not just Saunders' song, but the edited, enhanced styles of disco and other dance music they already favored. These homegrown productions were played on Chicago-area radio and in local discothèques catering mainly to African-American and gay audiences. By 1985, although the exact origins of the term are debated, "house music" encompassed these locally produced recordings. Subgenres of house, including deep house and acid house, quickly emerged and gained traction. Question: when was jesse saunders' "on and on" a hit? Answer: 1984 Question: what type of audience was early disco and dance catered to? Answer: African-American and gay audiences Question: what year was house music first used as a genre? Answer: 1985 Question: what were two big subgenres of house music? Answer: deep house and acid house Question: what area radio was house music generally played on? Answer: Chicago-area radio Question: When was Jesse Saunders' "House Music" a hit? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of audience was early house music catered to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was disco music first used as a genre? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were two big subgenres of disco music? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What area radio was disco music generally played on? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Hoover began using wiretapping in the 1920s during Prohibition to arrest bootleggers. In the 1927 case Olmstead v. United States, in which a bootlegger was caught through telephone tapping, the United States Supreme Court ruled that FBI wiretaps did not violate the Fourth Amendment as unlawful search and seizure, as long as the FBI did not break into a person's home to complete the tapping. After Prohibition's repeal, Congress passed the Communications Act of 1934, which outlawed non-consensual phone tapping, but allowed bugging. In the 1939 case Nardone v. United States, the court ruled that due to the 1934 law, evidence the FBI obtained by phone tapping was inadmissible in court. After the 1967 case Katz v. United States overturned the 1927 case that had allowed bugging, Congress passed the Omnibus Crime Control Act, allowing public authorities to tap telephones during investigations as long as they obtain a warrant beforehand. Question: What tool did Hoover use to find bootleggers? Answer: wiretapping Question: In what supreme court case was it ruled that FBI wiretaps did not violate the Fourth Amendment? Answer: Olmstead v. United States Question: What Act did Congress pass to outlaw non-consensual phone tapping? Answer: Communications Act of 1934 Question: In what case was it ruled that evidence obtained by the FBI via wiretapping was inadmissible in court? Answer: Nardone v. United States Question: What is now necessary to tap someone's telephone? Answer: a warrant Question: Which president was the first to use wiretaps to find bootleggers? Answer: Hoover Question: What case centered around a bootlegger caught through phone tapping? Answer: Olmstead v. United States Question: What did Congress pass to outlaw phone tapping? Answer: Communications Act of 1934 Question: What is now required to wire tap a citizen? Answer: a warrant Question: Is a warrant required before or after a wiretap? Answer: beforehand Question: When did Hoover stop using wiretapping? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what case did the United States Supreme Court rule that wiretaps are always unlawful? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What act did Congress pass that legalized non-consensual phone tapping? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did the Supreme Court rule that evidence obtained by phone tapping was admissible in court? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What act of Congress allowed authorities to tap telephones without a warrant? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The headquarters of the MoD are in Whitehall and are now known as Main Building. This structure is neoclassical in style and was originally built between 1938 and 1959 to designs by Vincent Harris to house the Air Ministry and the Board of Trade. The northern entrance in Horse Guards Avenue is flanked by two monumental statues, Earth and Water, by Charles Wheeler. Opposite stands the Gurkha Monument, sculpted by Philip Jackson and unveiled in 1997 by Queen Elizabeth II. Within it is the Victoria Cross and George Cross Memorial, and nearby are memorials to the Fleet Air Arm and RAF (to its east, facing the riverside). A major refurbishment of the building was completed under a PFI contract by Skanska in 2004. Question: In what city are the headquarters of the MoD? Answer: Whitehall Question: Who designed the headquarters of the MoD? Answer: Vincent Harris Question: Who designed the statues that are on either side of the northern entrance to the MoD headquarters? Answer: Charles Wheeler Question: What is the headquarters of the MoD called? Answer: Main Building Question: Who made the Gurkha Monument? Answer: Philip Jackson Question: What did Vincent Harris originally build in 2004? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Gurkha Monument refurbished? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group refurbished the Gurkha Monument in 2004? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Horse Guards Avenue unveiled by Queen Elizabeth II? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Vincent Harris create near the northern entrance of the MoD Headquarters? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Phonology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the systematic organization of sounds in languages. It has traditionally focused largely on the study of the systems of phonemes in particular languages (and therefore used to be also called phonemics, or phonematics), but it may also cover any linguistic analysis either at a level beneath the word (including syllable, onset and rime, articulatory gestures, articulatory features, mora, etc.) or at all levels of language where sound is considered to be structured for conveying linguistic meaning. Phonology also includes the study of equivalent organizational systems in sign languages. Question: What is phonology a branch of? Answer: linguistics Question: What kind of systems are the traditional focus of phonology? Answer: phonemes Question: The study of sign language is a part of what? Answer: Phonology Question: What is articulator a branch of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of systems are the traditional focus of linguistics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the study of branches a part of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a branch of levels? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of systems did branches focus on? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The value of the U.S. dollar declined significantly during wartime, especially during the American Civil War, World War I, and World War II. The Federal Reserve, which was established in 1913, was designed to furnish an "elastic" currency subject to "substantial changes of quantity over short periods", which differed significantly from previous forms of high-powered money such as gold, national bank notes, and silver coins. Over the very long run, the prior gold standard kept prices stable—for instance, the price level and the value of the U.S. dollar in 1914 was not very different from the price level in the 1880s. The Federal Reserve initially succeeded in maintaining the value of the U.S. dollar and price stability, reversing the inflation caused by the First World War and stabilizing the value of the dollar during the 1920s, before presiding over a 30% deflation in U.S. prices in the 1930s. Question: During which times does the value of the dollar typically decline? Answer: wartime Question: When was the Federal Reserve established? Answer: 1913 Question: What was the Federal Reserve designed to furnish? Answer: an "elastic" currency Question: What had previously kept prices stable? Answer: gold standard Question: How much did the US prices deflate in the 1930s? Answer: 30% Question: During which times does the value of the dollar typically maintain value? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Civil Reserve established? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the Civil Reserve designed to furnish? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What had previously kept prices declining? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much did the US prices inflate in the 1930s? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Evolution had less obvious applications to anatomy and morphology, and at first had little impact on the research of the anatomist Thomas Henry Huxley. Despite this, Huxley strongly supported Darwin on evolution; though he called for experiments to show whether natural selection could form new species, and questioned if Darwin's gradualism was sufficient without sudden leaps to cause speciation. Huxley wanted science to be secular, without religious interference, and his article in the April 1860 Westminster Review promoted scientific naturalism over natural theology, praising Darwin for "extending the domination of Science over regions of thought into which she has, as yet, hardly penetrated" and coining the term "Darwinism" as part of his efforts to secularise and professionalise science. Huxley gained influence, and initiated the X Club, which used the journal Nature to promote evolution and naturalism, shaping much of late Victorian science. Later, the German morphologist Ernst Haeckel would convince Huxley that comparative anatomy and palaeontology could be used to reconstruct evolutionary genealogies. Question: Who supported Darwin's theories on evolution despite it having little impact on his own research? Answer: Thomas Henry Huxley Question: What did Huxley's 1860 article in the Westminster Review promote? Answer: scientific naturalism over natural theology Question: Why did Huxley coin the name "Darwinism?" Answer: as part of his efforts to secularise and professionalise science Question: What did the morphologist Ernst Haeckel convince Huxley of about comparative anatomy and paleontology? Answer: that comparative anatomy and palaeontology could be used to reconstruct evolutionary genealogies
Context: In December 2014, Myanmar signed an agreement to set up its first stock exchange. The Yangon Stock Exchange Joint Venture Co. Ltd will be set up with Myanma Economic Bank sharing 51 percent, Japan's Daiwa Institute of Research Ltd 30.25 percent and Japan Exchange Group 18.75 percent. The Yangon Stock Exchange (YSX) officially opened for business on Friday, March 25, 2016. First Myanmar Investment Co., Ltd. (FMI) became the first stock to be traded after receiving approval for an opening price of 26,000 kyats ($22). Question: What occurred in the winter of 2014 of significance for Myanmar ? Answer: December 2014, Myanmar signed an agreement to set up its first stock exchange Question: What is the name of the business that first rang a bell to begin in the winter of 2014 in Myanmar ? Answer: Yangon Stock Exchange Joint Venture Co. Ltd Question: W is set to to be the major stock holder of the business that first rang a bell to begin in the winter of 2014 in Myanmar ? Answer: Myanma Economic Bank sharing 51 percent Question: Did other countries actively participate in business that first rang a bell to begin in the winter of 2014 in Myanmar ? Answer: Japan's Daiwa Institute of Research Ltd 30.25 percent and Japan Exchange Group 18.75 percent. Question: What day did the business that first rang a bell to begin in the winter of 2014 in Myanmar open its doors to customers? Answer: Yangon Stock Exchange (YSX) officially opened for business on Friday, March 25, 2016.
Context: The power of parliament to pass bills was often thwarted by monarchs. Charles I dissolved parliament in 1629, after it passed motions critical of and bills seeking to restrict his arbitrary exercise of power. During the eleven years of personal rule that followed, Charles performed legally dubious actions, such as raising taxes without parliament's approval. After the English Civil War, it was accepted that parliament should be summoned to meet regularly, but it was still commonplace for monarchs to refuse royal assent to bills. In 1678, Charles II withheld his assent from a bill "for preserving the Peace of the Kingdom by raising the Militia, and continuing them in Duty for Two and Forty Days," suggesting that he, not parliament, should control the militia. The last Stuart monarch, Anne, similarly withheld on 11 March 1708, on the advice of her ministers, her assent from a bill for the settling of Militia in Scotland. No monarch has since withheld royal assent on a bill passed by the British parliament. Question: Which monarch was responsible for dissolving parliament in 1629? Answer: Charles I Question: What is one action this monarch took that is typically left to the discretion of parliament? Answer: raising taxes Question: After which event was it decided that parliament should meet on a regular basis? Answer: English Civil War Question: Like Charles II had previously done, the last Stuart monarch withheld assent. Who was this monarch? Answer: Anne Question: Which ruler removed parliament in 1629? Answer: Charles I Question: What did motions attempt to accomplish that prompted Charles I to dissolve parliament in 1629? Answer: restrict his arbitrary exercise of power Question: When was the last time royal assent was enacted? Answer: 11 March 1708 Question: Who was the last monarch to use the royal assent in 1708? Answer: Anne Question: Under whose advice did Anne withold the royal assent? Answer: her ministers Question: The power of parliament to pass bills was often supported by whom? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Charles I performed legally legitimate what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who raised taxes with parliament's approval? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who began parliament in 1629? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The first Stuart monarch, Anne, did not withhold on what date? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Extraordinary circumstances called for extraordinary sacrifice: in one of the many crises of the Second Punic War, Jupiter Capitolinus was promised every animal born that spring (see ver sacrum), to be rendered after five more years of protection from Hannibal and his allies. The "contract" with Jupiter is exceptionally detailed. All due care would be taken of the animals. If any died or were stolen before the scheduled sacrifice, they would count as already sacrificed, since they had already been consecrated. Normally, if the gods failed to keep their side of the bargain, the offered sacrifice would be withheld. In the imperial period, sacrifice was withheld following Trajan's death because the gods had not kept the Emperor safe for the stipulated period. In Pompeii, the Genius of the living emperor was offered a bull: presumably a standard practise in Imperial cult, though minor offerings (incense and wine) were also made. Question: What type of circumstances were called for in times of extreme difficulties? Answer: Extraordinary Question: What offering was Jupiter promised during the Second Punic War? Answer: every animal born Question: From whom was Rome asking for protection? Answer: Hannibal Question: What happened to the sacrifice if the god failed to uphold the agreement? Answer: withheld Question: What was the offering for the Emperor in Pompeii? Answer: bull
Context: Some of Jackson's successors made no use of the veto power, while others used it intermittently. It was only after the Civil War that presidents began to use the power to truly counterbalance Congress. Andrew Johnson, a Democrat, vetoed several Reconstruction bills passed by the "Radical Republicans." Congress, however, managed to override fifteen of Johnson's twenty-nine vetoes. Furthermore, it attempted to curb the power of the presidency by passing the Tenure of Office Act. The Act required Senate approval for the dismissal of senior Cabinet officials. When Johnson deliberately violated the Act, which he felt was unconstitutional (Supreme Court decisions later vindicated such a position), the House of Representatives impeached him; he was acquitted in the Senate by one vote. Question: How many of Andrew Johnson's veto's were over turned by Congress Answer: fifteen Question: What act did congress pass that gave the senate the right to approve the dismissal of a cabinet official? Answer: Tenure of Office Act Question: After which war did Congress begin using power to counterbalance the President? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who vetoed several bills passed by the Radical Democrats? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many of Johnson's fifteen vetoes did Congress override? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many of Congress' 29 vetoes did Johnson override? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Through which act did Jackson attempt to curb presidential power? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On 6 October 1973, as Jews were observing Yom Kippur, the Egyptian and Syrian armies launched a surprise attack against Israeli forces in the Sinai Peninsula and Golan Heights, that opened the Yom Kippur War. The war ended on 26 October with Israel successfully repelling Egyptian and Syrian forces but having suffered over 2,500 soldiers killed in a war which collectively took 10–35,000 lives in just 20 days. An internal inquiry exonerated the government of responsibility for failures before and during the war, but public anger forced Prime Minister Golda Meir to resign. Question: When did the Egyptian and Syrian armies launch a surprise attack against Israeli forces? Answer: 6 October 1973 Question: How many lives were lost? Answer: 10–35,000 Question: Who was forced to resign? Answer: Prime Minister Golda Meir
Context: That evening, Eisenhower's body was placed onto a train en route to Abilene, Kansas, the last time a funeral train has been used as part of funeral proceedings of an American president. His body arrived on April 2, and was interred later that day in a small chapel on the grounds of the Eisenhower Presidential Library. The president's body was buried as a General of the Army. The family used an $80 standard soldier's casket, and dressed Eisenhower's body in his famous short green jacket. His only medals worn were: the Army Distinguished Service Medal with three oak leaf clusters, the Navy Distinguished Service Medal, and the Legion of Merit. Eisenhower is buried alongside his son Doud, who died at age 3 in 1921. His wife Mamie was buried next to him after her death in 1979. Question: When did Eisenhower's funeral train arrive in Abilene, Kansas? Answer: April 2 Question: At what location was Eisenhower buried? Answer: Eisenhower Presidential Library Question: What was the cost of Eisenhower's casket? Answer: $80 Question: What color jacket was Eisenhower buried in? Answer: green Question: When did Mamie Eisenhower die? Answer: 1979
Context: By the end of the month, the Peloponnese was in open revolt against the Ottomans and by October 1821 the Greeks under Theodoros Kolokotronis had captured Tripolitsa. The Peloponnesian revolt was quickly followed by revolts in Crete, Macedonia and Central Greece, which would soon be suppressed. Meanwhile, the makeshift Greek navy was achieving success against the Ottoman navy in the Aegean Sea and prevented Ottoman reinforcements from arriving by sea. In 1822 and 1824 the Turks and Egyptians ravaged the islands, including Chios and Psara, committing wholesale massacres of the population. This had the effect of galvanizing public opinion in western Europe in favor of the Greek rebels.[page needed] Question: In what year did the Greeks take Tripolitsa? Answer: 1821 Question: Who was the leader of the Greek revolt in 1821? Answer: Theodoros Kolokotronis Question: The Greek and Ottoman Navy fought in which waters? Answer: Aegean Sea Question: Turks and Egyptians attacked Greek island in what years? Answer: 1822 and 1824
Context: These years included what was called "spectacularly malicious coverage" of the Labour Party by The Sun and other newspapers. During the general election of 1983 The Sun ran a front page featuring an unflattering photograph of Michael Foot, then aged almost 70, claiming he was unfit to be Prime Minister on grounds of his age, appearance and policies, alongside the headline "Do You Really Want This Old Fool To Run Britain?" A year later, in 1984, The Sun made clear its enthusiastic support for the re-election of Ronald Reagan as president in the USA. Reagan was two weeks off his 74th birthday when he started his second term, in January 1985. Question: Who did The Sun say was not fit to be Prime Minister in 1983? Answer: Michael Foot Question: Which party was The Sun accused of covering maliciously? Answer: Labour Party Question: Who did The Sun support in the 1984 U.S. presidential election? Answer: Ronald Reagan Question: How old would Ronald Reagan turn soon after he began his second term as U.S. president? Answer: 74 Question: What did the headline read that was run with Michael Foot's photo? Answer: "Do You Really Want This Old Fool To Run Britain?"
Context: Numerous modern mandolin makers build instruments that largely replicate the Gibson F-5 Artist models built in the early 1920s under the supervision of Gibson acoustician Lloyd Loar. Original Loar-signed instruments are sought after and extremely valuable. Other makers from the Loar period and earlier include Lyon and Healy, Vega and Larson Brothers. Some notable modern American carved mandolin manufacturers include, in addition to Kay, Gibson, Weber, Monteleone and Collings. Mandolins from other countries include The Loar (China), Santa, Rosa (China), Michael Kelly (Korea), Eastman (China), Kentucky (China), Heiden (Canada), Gilchrist (Australia) and Morgan Monroe (China). Question: What style of Gisbon Mandolin was largely replicated? Answer: Gibson F-5 Question: When was the Gibson F-5 largely replicated? Answer: early 1920s Question: Who supervised the Gibson F-5's replication? Answer: Gibson acoustician Lloyd Loar Question: Who are the other makers from the Loar period? Answer: Lyon and Healy, Vega and Larson Brothers Question: Who were notable modern American mandolin manufacturers? Answer: Kay, Gibson, Weber, Monteleone and Collings. Question: What style of Gisbon Mandolin was never replicated? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Gibson F-5 never replicated? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who rejected the Gibson F-5's replication? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who are the other businessmen from the Loar period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who were notable modern African mandolin manufacturers? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Bacteria can be grown in the laboratory on nutrient culture media, but viruses need living cells in which to replicate. Many vaccines to infectious diseases can be grown in fertilised chicken eggs. Millions of eggs are used each year to generate the annual flu vaccine requirements, a complex process that takes about six months after the decision is made as to what strains of virus to include in the new vaccine. A problem with using eggs for this purpose is that people with egg allergies are unable to be immunised, but this disadvantage may be overcome as new techniques for cell-based rather than egg-based culture become available. Cell-based culture will also be useful in a pandemic when it may be difficult to acquire a sufficiently large quantity of suitable sterile, fertile eggs. Question: What are poultry eggs used for aside from consumption? Answer: Many vaccines to infectious diseases can be grown in fertilised chicken eggs. Question: What is the major difficulty faced in using poultry to cultivate vaccines? Answer: egg allergies are unable to be immunised Question: How long does it take for the flu vaccine to be fully ready for deployment into the population ? Answer: process that takes about six months Question: In order to make a vaccine , what do viruses require that bacteria does not? Answer: viruses need living cells in which to replicate Question: What new technology is being used in teh vaccine making process that will make vaccines safer and eaier for most consumers? Answer: . Cell-based culture Question: Why are poultry eggs useless aside from consumption? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why is there no difficulty faced in using poultry to cultivate vaccines? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do viruses need in order to replicate in the laboratory? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a simple process that takes about one month to prepare? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What food is least commonly associated with allergy? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In addition to the classical restaurants, Paris has several other kinds of traditional eating places. The café arrived in Paris in the 17th century, when the beverage was first brought from Turkey, and by the 18th century Parisian cafés were centres of the city's political and cultural life. The Cafe Procope on the Left Bank dates from this period. In the 20th century, the cafés of the Left Bank, especially Café de la Rotonde and Le Dôme Café in Montparnasse and Café de Flore and Les Deux Magots on Boulevard Saint Germain, all still in business, were important meeting places for painters, writers and philosophers. A bistro is a type of eating place loosely defined as a neighbourhood restaurant with a modest decor and prices and a regular clientele and a congenial atmosphere. Its name is said to have come in 1814 from the Russian soldiers who occupied the city; "bistro" means "quickly" in Russian, and they wanted their meals served rapidly so they could get back their encampment. Real bistros are increasingly rare in Paris, due to rising costs, competition from cheaper ethnic restaurants, and different eating habits of Parisian diners. A brasserie originally was a tavern located next to a brewery, which served beer and food at any hour. Beginning with the Paris Exposition of 1867; it became a popular kind of restaurant which featured beer and other beverages served by young women in the national costume associated with the beverage, particular German costumes for beer. Now brasseries, like cafés, serve food and drinks throughout the day. Question: When was the first cafe opened in Paris? Answer: 17th century Question: What is the oldest cafe in Paris? Answer: Cafe Procope Question: What type of eating place is defined as a neighborhood restaurant? Answer: bistro Question: When was the brasserie made popular? Answer: Paris Exposition of 1867
Context: Several Muslim countries like Turkey and Iran exhibit high scientific publication. Some countries have tried to encourage scientific research. In Pakistan, establishment of the Higher Education Commission in 2002, resulted in a 5-fold increase in the number of PhDs and a 10-fold increase in the number of scientific research papers in 10 years with the total number of universities increasing from 115 in 2001 to over 400 in 2012.[citation needed] Saudi Arabia has established the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology. United Arab Emirates has invested in Zayed University, United Arab Emirates University, and Masdar Institute of Science and Technology[clarification needed] Question: Which organization for scientific publications was established in Pakistan in 2002? Answer: Higher Education Commission Question: How much did the Higher Education Commission impact the number of PhDs in Pakistan? Answer: 5-fold increase Question: How many universities were in Pakistan in 2001? Answer: 115 Question: What science university did Saudi Arabia establish? Answer: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Question: Where is Zayed University? Answer: United Arab Emirates Question: When did Turkey establish the Higher Education Commission? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of publication does Pakistan have a signifigant amount of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: By how much has Iran increased its PhDs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: By how much has Iran increased its number of research papers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What university has the United Arab Emirates established? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A red dye called Kermes was made beginning in the Neolithic Period by drying and then crushing the bodies of the females of a tiny scale insect in the genus Kermes, primarily Kermes vermilio. The insects live on the sap of certain trees, especially Kermes oak trees near the Mediterranean region. Jars of kermes have been found in a Neolithic cave-burial at Adaoutse, Bouches-du-Rhône. Kermes from oak trees was later used by Romans, who imported it from Spain. A different variety of dye was made from Porphyrophora hamelii (Armenian cochineal) scale insects that lived on the roots and stems of certain herbs. It was mentioned in texts as early as the 8th century BC, and it was used by the ancient Assyrians and Persians. Question: During what period did people use Kermes vermilio to make red dye? Answer: Neolithic Period Question: What does Kermes vermilio eat to survive? Answer: the sap of certain trees, especially Kermes oak trees Question: From where did Romans acquire Kermes? Answer: Spain Question: What kind of bural was at Adaoutse, Bouches-du-Rhône? Answer: Neolithic cave-burial Question: What was the earliest known writing about dye from Aermenian cochineal? Answer: 8th century BC Question: How was Kermes made in the 8th century BC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The insects only live on what tree in the Mediterranean? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where have jars of Kermes been found in Adoutse caves? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who imported Kermes oak trees from the Romans? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was mentioed in the 8th century? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being crucified. He was then hung for six hours (according to Mark's Gospel) between two convicted thieves. During this time, the soldiers affixed a sign to the top of the cross stating "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" in three languages. They then divided his garments among them, but cast lots for his seamless robe. After Jesus' death they pierced his side with a spear to be certain that he had died. The Bible records seven statements that Jesus made while he was on the cross, as well as several supernatural events that occurred. Question: Who was the person that tried Jesus? Answer: Pontius Pilate Question: How long was Jesus hung for? Answer: six hours Question: What did the sign say on top of Jesus' cross? Answer: Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews Question: What was done to make sure Jesus was dead? Answer: they pierced his side with a spear Question: How many statements did Jesus make on the cross? Answer: seven statements Question: Who did Pontius Pilate believe that he was? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did soldiers do to Christians as a punishment? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one thing that Pilate used to drink? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Pilate take from Jesus after winning a bet? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many statements did the Romans make about Christians? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Since June 2007, YouTube's videos have been available for viewing on a range of Apple products. This required YouTube's content to be transcoded into Apple's preferred video standard, H.264, a process that took several months. YouTube videos can be viewed on devices including Apple TV, iPod Touch and the iPhone. In July 2010, the mobile version of the site was relaunched based on HTML5, avoiding the need to use Adobe Flash Player and optimized for use with touch screen controls. The mobile version is also available as an app for the Android platform. In September 2012, YouTube launched its first app for the iPhone, following the decision to drop YouTube as one of the preloaded apps in the iPhone 5 and iOS 6 operating system. According to GlobalWebIndex, YouTube was used by 35% of smartphone users between April and June 2013, making it the third most used app. Question: When did youtube become available on Apple products? Answer: June 2007 Question: When did youtube launch its first app for the iPhone? Answer: September 2012 Question: What percentage of Smartphone users use the youtube app? Answer: 35% Question: What is Apple's prefered video standard? Answer: H.264 Question: How long did it take to transfer Youtube's content to Apple's standard? Answer: several months Question: What company's products has YouTube's videos been available on since July 2007? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is H.642 to Apple? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was relaunched in June 2010? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did YouTube launch in July 2012? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many smartphone users used YouTube between April and June 2012? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Digital cameras have far surpassed film in terms of sensitivity to light, with ISO equivalent speeds of up to 409,600, a number that is unfathomable in the realm of conventional film photography. Faster processors, as well as advances in software noise reduction techniques allow this type of processing to be executed the moment the photo is captured, allowing photographers to store images that have a higher level of refinement and would have been prohibitively time consuming to process with earlier generations of digital camera hardware. Question: What types of cameras have proven to be much more sensitive to light than film? Answer: Digital cameras Question: What ISO equivalent speeds can digital cameras obtain? Answer: 409,600 Question: What is responsible for these vast increases in speed? Answer: Faster processors, as well as advances in software noise reduction techniques Question: What is one thing that limited speeds of older digital hardware? Answer: prohibitively time consuming to process Question: What does the higher speed do for the images produced? Answer: a higher level of refinement Question: How has film surpassed digital cameras? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the highest ISO speed a film camera can reach? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What, besides a faster processor, prevents processing from happening when a photo is taken? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What could earlier generations of digital cameras store? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which generation of cameras are capable of storing higher refined images? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Tax shifting has been widely discussed and endorsed by economists. It involves lowering income taxes while raising levies on environmentally destructive activities, in order to create a more responsive market. For example, a tax on coal that included the increased health care costs associated with breathing polluted air, the costs of acid rain damage, and the costs of climate disruption would encourage investment in renewable technologies. Several Western European countries are already shifting taxes in a process known there as environmental tax reform. Question: What involves lowering income taxes while raising levies? Answer: Tax shifting Question: Several Western European companies are shifting taxes in a process known as what? Answer: environmental tax reform Question: What is the purpose of tax shifting? Answer: to create a more responsive market Question: What involves lowering income taxes while lowering levies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What involves raising income taxes while raising levies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What involves raising income taxes while lowering levies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What isn't the purpose of tax shifting? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Several Northern European companies are shifting taxes in a process known as what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Phytochemistry is a branch of plant biochemistry primarily concerned with the chemical substances produced by plants during secondary metabolism. Some of these compounds are toxins such as the alkaloid coniine from hemlock. Others, such as the essential oils peppermint oil and lemon oil are useful for their aroma, as flavourings and spices (e.g., capsaicin), and in medicine as pharmaceuticals as in opium from opium poppies. Many medicinal and recreational drugs, such as tetrahydrocannabinol (active ingredient in cannabis), caffeine, morphine and nicotine come directly from plants. Others are simple derivatives of botanical natural products. For example, the pain killer aspirin is the acetyl ester of salicylic acid, originally isolated from the bark of willow trees, and a wide range of opiate painkillers like heroin are obtained by chemical modification of morphine obtained from the opium poppy. Popular stimulants come from plants, such as caffeine from coffee, tea and chocolate, and nicotine from tobacco. Most alcoholic beverages come from fermentation of carbohydrate-rich plant products such as barley (beer), rice (sake) and grapes (wine). Question: What is the study of the chemicals that plants produce? Answer: Phytochemistry Question: Hemlock is what kind of chemical produced from a plant? Answer: toxins Question: Where do some medicines and recreational drugs come from? Answer: from plants Question: Where did aspirin originally come from? Answer: bark of willow trees Question: Where does morphine come from? Answer: the opium poppy
Context: Saint FM provided a local radio service for the island which was also available on internet radio and relayed in Ascension Island. The station was not government funded. It was launched in January 2005 and closed on 21 December 2012. It broadcast news, features and music in collaboration with its sister newspaper, the St Helena Independent (which continues). Question: What date was Saint FM radio launched? Answer: January 2005 Question: What date was Saint FM radio closed? Answer: 21 December 2012 Question: Which newspaper is the sister company of Saint FM radio? Answer: St Helena Independent
Context: The world's first commercial broadcast automation audio compression system was developed by Oscar Bonello, an engineering professor at the University of Buenos Aires. In 1983, using the psychoacoustic principle of the masking of critical bands first published in 1967, he started developing a practical application based on the recently developed IBM PC computer, and the broadcast automation system was launched in 1987 under the name Audicom. Twenty years later, almost all the radio stations in the world were using similar technology manufactured by a number of companies. Question: Who developed the first commercial broadcast automation audio compression system? Answer: Oscar Bonello Question: Who was an engineering professor at the University of Buenos Aires? Answer: Oscar Bonello Question: What was launched in 1987 under the name Audicom? Answer: broadcast automation system Question: Who developed the first commercial broadcast automation band? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was an broadcast professor at the University of Buenos Aires? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was launched in 1987 under the name Bonello? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what computer did Bonello develop a practical commercial on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the principle of compression first published? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In his Physics, book IV, Aristotle offered numerous arguments against the void: for example, that motion through a medium which offered no impediment could continue ad infinitum, there being no reason that something would come to rest anywhere in particular. Although Lucretius argued for the existence of vacuum in the first century BC and Hero of Alexandria tried unsuccessfully to create an artificial vacuum in the first century AD, it was European scholars such as Roger Bacon, Blasius of Parma and Walter Burley in the 13th and 14th century who focused considerable attention on these issues. Eventually following Stoic physics in this instance, scholars from the 14th century onward increasingly departed from the Aristotelian perspective in favor of a supernatural void beyond the confines of the cosmos itself, a conclusion widely acknowledged by the 17th century, which helped to segregate natural and theological concerns. Question: In what century did believes start to move away from Aristotle's idea regarding a void? Answer: 14th century Question: What thought process was used in the beginning belief of the existence of vacuums? Answer: Stoic physics Question: What belief regarding a cosmic void was accepted by most in the 17th century? Answer: a supernatural void beyond the confines of the cosmos itself Question: Roger Bacon,Walter Burley and Blasius of Parma were from what century? Answer: 13th and 14th Question: What book was written by Lucretius? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many arguments against the void did Lucretius give in his Physics, book IV? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Aristotle first study physics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Lucretuis try to unsuccessfully create in the 14th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What belief about a void was accepted by most in the first cenury AD? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: RCA 45s were also adapted to the smaller spindle of an LP player with a plastic snap-in insert known as a "spider". These inserts, commissioned by RCA president David Sarnoff and invented by Thomas Hutchison, were prevalent starting in the 1960s, selling in the tens of millions per year during the 45 rpm heyday. In countries outside the U.S., 45s often had the smaller album-sized holes, e.g., Australia and New Zealand, or as in the United Kingdom, especially before the 1970s, the disc had a small hole within a circular central section held only by three or four lands so that it could be easily punched out if desired (typically for use in jukeboxes). Question: Wy did records outside of the US often have small holes with the ability to punch out the center? Answer: for use in jukeboxes Question: What were the plastic inserts which would adapt 45s to the smaller spindle of an LP player called? Answer: spider Question: What invention did Thomas Hutchinson introduce? Answer: spider Question: Whom were the adaptable inserts for 45s to LPs commissioned by? Answer: RCA president David Sarnoff Question: How many spiders were sold in the 45 rpm heydays? Answer: tens of millions per year
Context: The novel exposes the loss of innocence so frequently that reviewer R. A. Dave claims that because every character has to face, or even suffer defeat, the book takes on elements of a classical tragedy. In exploring how each character deals with his or her own personal defeat, Lee builds a framework to judge whether the characters are heroes or fools. She guides the reader in such judgments, alternating between unabashed adoration and biting irony. Scout's experience with the Missionary Society is an ironic juxtaposition of women who mock her, gossip, and "reflect a smug, colonialist attitude toward other races" while giving the "appearance of gentility, piety, and morality". Conversely, when Atticus loses Tom's case, he is last to leave the courtroom, except for his children and the black spectators in the colored balcony, who rise silently as he walks underneath them, to honor his efforts. Question: Reviewer R. A. Dave classified the novel how? Answer: classical tragedy
Context: In 1795, the Prussian linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt (1767–1835) called for an anthropology that would synthesize Kant's and Herder's interests. During the Romantic era, scholars in Germany, especially those concerned with nationalist movements—such as the nationalist struggle to create a "Germany" out of diverse principalities, and the nationalist struggles by ethnic minorities against the Austro-Hungarian Empire—developed a more inclusive notion of culture as "worldview" (Weltanschauung). According to this school of thought, each ethnic group has a distinct worldview that is incommensurable with the worldviews of other groups. Although more inclusive than earlier views, this approach to culture still allowed for distinctions between "civilized" and "primitive" or "tribal" cultures. Question: Which Prussian linguist called for an anthropology? Answer: Wilhelm von Humboldt Question: During which ere did scholars of Germany developed a more inclusive culture? Answer: Romantic era Question: What was the German name given for the creation of this culture during the Romantic era? Answer: Weltanschauung Question: Which Prussian linguist called for an ontology? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which era did scholars of Germany develop a less inclusive culture? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the Russian name given for the creation of this culture during the Romantic era? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which scholars were never concerned with nationalist movements? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Whitehead and Russell had thought originally that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete; it ended up taking them ten years. To add insult to injury, when it came time for publication, the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians) that it was initially published at a loss of 600 pounds, 300 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell themselves. Despite the initial loss, today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica. Question: How long did Whitehead and Russell think it would take them to complete Principia Mathematica? Answer: a year Question: How long did it actually take Whitehead and Russell to complete Principia Mathematica? Answer: ten years Question: How many volumes was Principia Mathematica? Answer: three Question: How many pages was Principia Mathematica? Answer: 2,000 Question: Who paid to publish Principia Mathematica? Answer: Cambridge University Press Question: How long did Whitehead and Russell expect to spend creating Principia Mathematica? Answer: a year Question: How long did it actually take to complete Principia Mathematica? Answer: ten years Question: Why was there a funding shortfall for the publishing of Princpia Mathematica? Answer: the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians) Question: Who supplied the funding to cover the shortfall? Answer: 00 of which was paid by Cambridge University Press, 200 by the Royal Society of London, and 50 apiece by Whitehead and Russell Question: How prevalent is Principia Mathematica today? Answer: today there is likely no major academic library in the world which does not hold a copy of Principia Mathematica Question: How long did Whitehead and Russell not expect to spend creating Principia Mathematica? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why was there a funding burst for the publishing of Princpia Mathematica? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who didn't supply the funding to cover the shortfall? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How prevalent is Principia Mathematica when it came out? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Luke, and both of these (Luke, Sura 19) begin with an account of the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya (Zecharias) and Good News of the birth of Yahya (John), followed by the account of the annunciation. It mentions how Mary was informed by an angel that she would become the mother of Jesus through the actions of God alone. Question: By what name is Mary referred to in the Qur'an? Answer: Maryam Question: Which Sura in the Qur'an describes the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya? Answer: 19 Question: In how many places does the Qur'an give detailed accounts of Mary? Answer: two Question: Which Gospel provides an identical account of the Virgin Birth as Sura 19 in the Qur'an? Answer: Luke Question: Who was visited by an angel in Sura 19 of the Qur'an? Answer: Zakariya Question: Who wrote the detailed narrative accounts of Maryam? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote the account given in Sura 19? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many accounts in the are written in the Qur'an about Mary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who told Jesus that Mary would be the mother of Jesus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Gospel narratives are about Mary? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Operational Acceptance is used to conduct operational readiness (pre-release) of a product, service or system as part of a quality management system. OAT is a common type of non-functional software testing, used mainly in software development and software maintenance projects. This type of testing focuses on the operational readiness of the system to be supported, and/or to become part of the production environment. Hence, it is also known as operational readiness testing (ORT) or Operations readiness and assurance (OR&A) testing. Functional testing within OAT is limited to those tests which are required to verify the non-functional aspects of the system. Question: What is the term used to test software during a pre-release? Answer: Operational Acceptance Question: What does Operational Acceptance focus on? Answer: operational readiness of the system Question: What is Operational Acceptance limited to while testing? Answer: limited to those tests which are required to verify the non-functional aspects of the system Question: What is Occupational Acceptance used for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an uncommon type of functional software testing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Operational Acceptance limited to while running? Answer: Unanswerable Question: OAT focuses the least on what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Speaking in St. Petersburg, Russia on 30 June 2011, the head of Russia's United Shipbuilding Corporation said his company expected to begin design work for a new carrier in 2016, with a goal of beginning construction in 2018 and having the carrier achieve initial operational capability by 2023. Several months later, on 3 November 2011 the Russian newspaper Izvestiya reported that the naval building plan now included (first) the construction of a new shipyard capable of building large hull ships, after which Moscow will build two (80,000 tons full load each) nuclear-powered aircraft carriers by 2027. The spokesperson said one carrier would be assigned to the Russian Navy's Northern Fleet at Murmansk, and the second would be stationed with the Pacific Fleet at Vladivostok. Question: When did Russia's United Shipbuilding Corporation expect to begin design work for a new carrier? Answer: 2016 Question: What year was the goal for Russia's new carrier to achieve initial operational capability? Answer: 2023 Question: What was Izvestiya? Answer: Russian newspaper Question: Where was the Northern Fleets nuclear-powered aircraft carrier supposed to be stationed? Answer: Murmansk Question: Where was the Pacific Fleets nuclear-powered aircraft carrier supposed to be stationed? Answer: Vladivostok Question: When did Prussia's United Shipbuilding Corporation expect to begin design work for a new carrier? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was the goal for Russia's old carrier to achieve initial operational capability? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What wasn't Izvestiya? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the Southern Fleets nuclear-powered aircraft carrier supposed to be stationed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the Atlantic Fleets nuclear-powered aircraft carrier supposed to be stationed? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingualism (for Estonians) intensified, resulting in widespread knowledge of Russian throughout the country. The Russian language was termed as ‘the language of friendship of nations’ and was taught to Estonian children, sometimes as early as in kindergarten. Although teaching Estonian to non-Estonians in schools was compulsory, in practice learning the language was often considered unnecessary. Question: What happened to Estonia during WWII? Answer: invaded and occupied Question: Who invaded Estonia? Answer: Soviet Union Question: After the Soviet invasion what other language became the second official Estonian language? Answer: Russian Question: What was another country with similar immigration patterns to post Soviet Estonia? Answer: Latvia Question: What became more intense in the 1970's in Estonia? Answer: pressure of bilingualism Question: What country did not occupy Estonia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened to Estonia during WWI from the Soviet Union? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What became more intense in the early 1970's in Estonia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the third language of Estonia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language was terms the "language of enemy nations"? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The history of Academies in France during the Enlightenment begins with the Academy of Science, founded in 1635 in Paris. It was closely tied to the French state, acting as an extension of a government seriously lacking in scientists. It helped promote and organize new disciplines, and it trained new scientists. It also contributed to the enhancement of scientists' social status, considering them to be the "most useful of all citizens". Academies demonstrate the rising interest in science along with its increasing secularization, as evidenced by the small number of clerics who were members (13 percent). The presence of the French academies in the public sphere cannot be attributed to their membership; although the majority of their members were bourgeois, the exclusive institution was only open to elite Parisian scholars. They perceived themselves as "interpreters of the sciences for the people". For example, it was with this in mind that academicians took it upon themselves to disprove the popular pseudo-science of mesmerism. Question: What year was the Academy of Science in France founded? Answer: 1635 Question: Members of what group were considered to be the "most useful of all citizens?" Answer: scientists Question: What percentage of clerics were members of the Academy of Science? Answer: 13 percent Question: The Academy of Science was only open to which societal group? Answer: elite Parisian scholars Question: How did elite Parisian scholars perceive themselves? Answer: interpreters of the sciences for the people
Context: Within months of beginning his tenure as the president of the university, Eisenhower was requested to advise U.S. Secretary of Defense James Forrestal on the unification of the armed services. About six months after his appointment, he became the informal Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in Washington. Two months later he fell ill, and he spent over a month in recovery at the Augusta National Golf Club. He returned to his post in New York in mid-May, and in July 1949 took a two-month vacation out-of-state. Because the American Assembly had begun to take shape, he traveled around the country during mid-to-late 1950, building financial support from Columbia Associates, an alumni association. Question: What position was held by James Forrestal? Answer: Secretary of Defense Question: What position did Eisenhower informally hold? Answer: Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Question: After becoming sick, where did Eisenhower recover? Answer: Augusta National Golf Club Question: What was the name of Columbia University's alumni association? Answer: Columbia Associates Question: When did Eisenhower vacation for two months outside New York? Answer: July 1949
Context: Canonical jurisprudential theory generally follows the principles of Aristotelian-Thomistic legal philosophy. While the term "law" is never explicitly defined in the Code, the Catechism of the Catholic Church cites Aquinas in defining law as "...an ordinance of reason for the common good, promulgated by the one who is in charge of the community" and reformulates it as "...a rule of conduct enacted by competent authority for the sake of the common good." Question: What school of thought serves as a model for canon theory? Answer: Aristotelian-Thomistic Question: Which philosopher is quoted by the Catechism? Answer: Aquinas Question: What word is not specifically given meaning in the Code of the Church? Answer: law Question: What does Aquinas define as the aim toward which law is working? Answer: the common good Question: What term expresses the idea of law derived from Aquinas as interpreted by the Catechism? Answer: a rule of conduct Question: What generally follows the principles of Aristotle and Plato? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which philosopher quoted the catechism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term is explicitly defined in the code? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Aquinas say is working towards the good of the church? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Tuvalu participates in the operations of the Pacific Island Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA) and the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC). The Tuvaluan government, the US government, and the governments of other Pacific islands, are parties to the South Pacific Tuna Treaty (SPTT), which entered into force in 1988. Tuvalu is also a member of the Nauru Agreement which addresses the management of tuna purse seine fishing in the tropical western Pacific. In May 2013 representatives from the United States and the Pacific Islands countries agreed to sign interim arrangement documents to extend the Multilateral Fisheries Treaty (which encompasses the South Pacific Tuna Treaty) to confirm access to the fisheries in the Western and Central Pacific for US tuna boats for 18 months. Tuvalu and the other members of the Pacific Island Forum Fisheries Agency (FFA) and the United States have settled a tuna fishing deal for 2015; a longer term deal will be negotiated. The treaty is an extension of the Nauru Agreement and provides for US flagged purse seine vessels to fish 8,300 days in the region in return for a payment of US$90 million made up by tuna fishing industry and US-Government contributions. In 2015 Tuvalu has refused to sell fishing days to certain nations and fleets that have blocked Tuvaluan initiatives to develop and sustain their own fishery. Question: In what fishery group does Tuvalu participate? Answer: Pacific Island Forum Fisheries Agency Question: Of what fishery treaty is Tuvalu a signatory? Answer: South Pacific Tuna Treaty Question: What is the focus of the Nauru Agreement? Answer: tuna purse seine fishing Question: Of what did Tuvalu agree to the extension ? Answer: Multilateral Fisheries Treaty Question: What did Tuvalu refuse to sell in 2015? Answer: fishing days
Context: Anthropology is the study of humans and their societies in the past and present. Its main subdivisions are social anthropology and cultural anthropology, which describes the workings of societies around the world, linguistic anthropology, which investigates the influence of language in social life, and biological or physical anthropology, which concerns long-term development of the human organism. Archaeology, which studies past human cultures through investigation of physical evidence, is thought of as a branch of anthropology in the United States, while in Europe, it is viewed as a discipline in its own right, or grouped under other related disciplines such as history. Question: What is anthropology a study of? Answer: humans and their societies Question: What type of anthropology describes the workings of societies around the world? Answer: social Question: What investigates the influence of language in social life? Answer: linguistic anthropology Question: What subdivision of anthropology concerns itself with the long-term development of the human organism? Answer: physical Question: Where is Archaeology considered a branch of anthropology? Answer: United States Question: What is the study of human history? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the main subdivisions of history? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What studies the influence of societies on social life? Answer: Unanswerable Question: what studies the influince of other organisms on humans? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the United States view as a discipline in its own right? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Madonna Louise Ciccone (/tʃɪˈkoʊni/; Italian: [tʃikˈkoːne]; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman. She achieved popularity by pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music and imagery in her music videos, which became a fixture on MTV. Madonna is known for reinventing both her music and image, and for maintaining her autonomy within the recording industry. Music critics have acclaimed her musical productions, which have generated some controversy. Often referred to as the "Queen of Pop", she is often cited as an influence by other artists. Question: What is Madonna's real name? Answer: Madonna Louise Ciccone Question: When was Madonna born? Answer: August 16, 1958 Question: Which is the other name that Madonna is always referred as? Answer: Queen of Pop Question: Madonna became a fixture on which TV channel? Answer: MTV Question: Who is known for maintaining her autonomy and reinventing her image in the music industry? Answer: Madonna
Context: Sheldon Pollock argues that "most observers would agree that, in some crucial way, Sanskrit is dead".:393 Pollock has further argued that, while Sanskrit continued to be used in literary cultures in India, it was never adapted to express the changing forms of subjectivity and sociality as embodied and conceptualised in the modern age.:416 Instead, it was reduced to "reinscription and restatements" of ideas already explored, and any creativity was restricted to hymns and verses.:398 A notable exception are the military references of Nīlakaṇṭha Caturdhara's 17th-century commentary on the Mahābhārata. Question: Who has said the Sanskrit is dead? Answer: Sheldon Pollock Question: According to Pollock, how is Sanskrit solely used? Answer: literary cultures Question: What is Sanskrit not able to express? Answer: the modern age Question: How is Sanskrit limited in it function towards ideas? Answer: restatements Question: To what is Sanskrit restricted? Answer: hymns Question: What did Andrew Pollock say of Sanskrit? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What 18th century commentary did Caturdhara's speak about? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Sanskrit is not often used in what forms of creative uses? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is Sanskrit no longer used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what way has Sanskrit adapted in the modern age? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Title IV of the 1978 Spanish constitution invests the Consentimiento Real (Royal Assent) and promulgation (publication) of laws with the monarch of Spain, while Title III, The Cortes Generales, Chapter 2, Drafting of Bills, outlines the method by which bills are passed. According to Article 91, within fifteen days of passage of a bill by the Cortes Generales, the sovereign shall give his or her assent and publish the new law. Article 92 invests the monarch with the right to call for a referendum, on the advice of the president of the government (commonly referred to in English as the prime minister) and the authorisation of the cortes. Question: Which article in the Spanish constitution gives the monarch the right to ask for a referendum? Answer: Article 92 Question: Which article specifies the number of days available to the monarch to provide a signature on an assended bill? Answer: Article 91 Question: In the 1978 Spanish constitution, which title describes how bills are passed? Answer: Title III, The Cortes Generales Question: What chapter in the Spanish constitution describes how bills are to be passed? Answer: Chapter 2, Drafting of Bills Question: Which title outlines the method by which bills are not passed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which title does not invest the royal assent and publication of laws with the monarch of Spain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Title II, which describes how bills are passed was created in what year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The sovereign has 25 days to give his or her assent according to what article? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The monarch does not have a right to call for a referendum according to which article? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Although the self is distinct from identity, the literature of self-psychology can offer some insight into how identity is maintained (Cote & Levin 2002, p. 24). From the vantage point of self-psychology, there are two areas of interest: the processes by which a self is formed (the "I"), and the actual content of the schemata which compose the self-concept (the "Me"). In the latter field, theorists have shown interest in relating the self-concept to self-esteem, the differences between complex and simple ways of organizing self-knowledge, and the links between those organizing principles and the processing of information (Cote & Levin 2002). Question: What is distinct from the self? Answer: identity Question: What can the literature of self-psychology offer insight into? Answer: how identity is maintained Question: What have theorists shown interest in relating to the self-concept? Answer: self-esteem Question: The I and the Me are two areas of interest in what? Answer: self-psychology Question: What is synonymous with identity question Answer: Unanswerable Question: What offers little insight into how identity is maintained? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the vantage point of group psychology? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who has shown this self-concept and self-esteem are the same? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Families and households were still largely independent economically, and the household was probably the center of life. However, excavations in Central Europe have revealed that early Neolithic Linear Ceramic cultures ("Linearbandkeramik") were building large arrangements of circular ditches between 4800 BC and 4600 BC. These structures (and their later counterparts such as causewayed enclosures, burial mounds, and henge) required considerable time and labour to construct, which suggests that some influential individuals were able to organise and direct human labour — though non-hierarchical and voluntary work remain possibilities. Question: What was the cultural aspect was the major center of life? Answer: the household Question: What time period were the huge circular ditches found in? Answer: 4800 BC and 4600 BC Question: What did the ditches later evolve into? Answer: causewayed enclosures, burial mounds, and henge Question: What features about the ditches suggests that it was built by people under a leader's command? Answer: required considerable time and labour to construct Question: What time period were the huge individuals found in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the individuals later involve into? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What features about the individuals suggests that it was built by people under a leader's command? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What excavations revealed that families were building circular ditches? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do families suggest? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: It is possible that other distinct dialect groups were already in existence during this period. Good candidates are the hypothethical ancestor languages of Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian subgroup of Scythian in the far northwest; and the hypothetical "Old Parthian" (the Old Iranian ancestor of Parthian) in the near northwest, where original dw > b (paralleling the development of *ćw). Question: What may have also been in use at the time? Answer: other distinct dialect groups Question: Precursors of what subset of Scythian are theorized to have existed? Answer: Alanian/Scytho-Sarmatian Question: What possible predecessor of Pathian is thought to have existed? Answer: Old Parthian Question: What was not in use at the time? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the ancestor of old Iranian? Answer: Unanswerable Question: c parallel the development of what other two letters? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Scythian was the ancestor of what other languages? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Jonathan Israel called the journals the most influential cultural innovation of European intellectual culture. They shifted the attention of the "cultivated public" away from established authorities to novelty and innovation, and promoted the "enlightened" ideals of toleration and intellectual objectivity. Being a source of knowledge derived from science and reason, they were an implicit critique of existing notions of universal truth monopolized by monarchies, parliaments, and religious authorities. They also advanced Christian enlightenment that upheld "the legitimacy of God-ordained authority"—the Bible—in which there had to be agreement between the biblical and natural theories. Question: Who called the journals the most influential cultural innovation of European intellectual culture? Answer: Jonathan Israel Question: To what did the journals shift attention of the cultivated public away from and towards novelty and innovation? Answer: established authorities Question: What enlightened ideas were promoted by the journals? Answer: toleration and intellectual objectivity Question: The journals were a source of knowledge derived from what topics? Answer: science and reason
Context: Richard Owen showed that fossils of extinct species Darwin found in South America were allied to living species on the same continent. In March 1837, ornithologist John Gould announced that Darwin's rhea was a separate species from the previously described rhea (though their territories overlapped), that mockingbirds collected on the Galápagos Islands represented three separate species each unique to a particular island, and that several distinct birds from those islands were all classified as finches. Darwin began speculating, in a series of notebooks, on the possibility that "one species does change into another" to explain these findings, and around July sketched a genealogical branching of a single evolutionary tree, discarding Lamarck's independent lineages progressing to higher forms. Unconventionally, Darwin asked questions of fancy pigeon and animal breeders as well as established scientists. At the zoo he had his first sight of an ape, and was profoundly impressed by how human the orangutan seemed. Question: Who showed that extinct South American fossils were related to living species? Answer: Richard Owen Question: What did John Gould announce in 1837? Answer: Darwin's rhea was a separate species from the previously described rhea Question: How many species of mockingbirds were found to be present on the Galapagos Islands? Answer: three separate species Question: What type of scientist was John Gould? Answer: ornithologist Question: Which animal did Darwin see at a zoo that made him further consider evolution? Answer: an ape
Context: In 1932, Hayek suggested that private investment in the public markets was a better road to wealth and economic co-ordination in Britain than government spending programs, as argued in a letter he co-signed with Lionel Robbins and others in an exchange of letters with John Maynard Keynes in The Times. The nearly decade long deflationary depression in Britain dating from Churchill's decision in 1925 to return Britain to the gold standard at the old pre-war, pre-inflationary par was the public policy backdrop for Hayek's single public engagement with Keynes over British monetary and fiscal policy, otherwise Hayek and Keynes agreed on many theoretical matters, and their economic disagreements were fundamentally theoretical, having to do almost exclusively with the relation of the economics of extending the length of production to the economics of labour inputs. Question: What did Hayek claim to be better than investing in government spending programs? Answer: private investment in the public markets Question: What other notable figure signed the letter in which Hayek made his statement regarding private investment? Answer: Lionel Robbins Question: Who was responsible for England's return to the use of gold as standard currency? Answer: Churchill Question: With whom did Hayek disagree with publicly? Answer: John Maynard Keynes
Context: Madrasa (Arabic: مدرسة‎, madrasah, pl. مدارس, madāris, Turkish: Medrese) is the Arabic word for any type of educational institution, whether secular or religious (of any religion). The word is variously transliterated madrasah, madarasaa, medresa, madrassa, madraza, medrese, etc. In the West, the word usually refers to a specific type of religious school or college for the study of the Islamic religion, though this may not be the only subject studied. Not all students in madaris are Muslims; there is also a modern curriculum. Question: What are the origins of the word madrasa? Answer: Arabic Question: What type of educational institution does the term madrasa refer? Answer: any type Question: In Western culture, the term madrasa widely refers to the practices of what religion? Answer: Islamic Question: How many students enrolled in madaris are Muslim? Answer: Not all Question: What does Madrasa mean in French? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of educational institution does the term madrasa not cover? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In Eastern culture, what religion does the term Madrasa refer to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What school does Madrasa not refer to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is studied in Islamic religions? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The ceremonial county of Somerset consists of a two-tier non-metropolitan county, which is administered by Somerset County Council and five district councils, and two unitary authority areas (whose councils combine the functions of a county and a district). The five districts of Somerset are West Somerset, South Somerset, Taunton Deane, Mendip, and Sedgemoor. The two unitary authorities — which were established on 1 April 1996 following the break-up of the short-lived county of Avon — are North Somerset, and Bath & North East Somerset. Question: How many tiers does somerset county consist of Answer: The ceremonial county of Somerset consists of a two-tier non-metropolitan county Question: What are the 5 districts of Somerset Answer: The five districts of Somerset are West Somerset, South Somerset, Taunton Deane, Mendip, and Sedgemoor Question: What 2 Unitary authorities were established in april 1996 Answer: North Somerset, and Bath & North East Somerset Question: For how many years did Avon county exist? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the main city of Avon County? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many districts made up Avon County? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of county was Avon? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many tiers did Avon County have for its form of government? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published in its original German edition in 1921. Although Hayek met Wittgenstein on only a few occasions, Hayek said that Wittgenstein's philosophy and methods of analysis had a profound influence on his own life and thought. In his later years, Hayek recalled a discussion of philosophy with Wittgenstein, when both were officers during World War I. After Wittgenstein's death, Hayek had intended to write a biography of Wittgenstein and worked on collecting family materials; and he later assisted biographers of Wittgenstein. Question: Who was among the first readers of Ludwig Wittgenstein's book? Answer: Hayek Question: How often times did Hayek and Wittgenstein meet? Answer: on only a few occasions Question: Whose philosophy heavily influenced Hayek? Answer: Ludwig Wittgenstein Question: What did Wittgenstein and Hayek do during the first world war? Answer: both were officers Question: What was the name of the book Wittgenstein published in 1921? Answer: Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
Context: A maakond (county) is the biggest administrative subdivision. The county government (Maavalitsus) of each county is led by a county governor (Maavanem), who represents the national government at the regional level. Governors are appointed by the Government of Estonia for a term of five years. Several changes were made to the borders of counties after Estonia became independent, most notably the formation of Valga County (from parts of Võru, Tartu and Viljandi counties) and Petseri County (area acquired from Russia with the 1920 Tartu Peace Treaty). Question: What is the largest administrative subdivision in Estonia? Answer: A maakond Question: What is the county government in Estonia called? Answer: Maavalitsus Question: A Maavanem holds what position in Estonia? Answer: county governor Question: Who represents the national government on a local level? Answer: Maavanem
Context: Contemporary Eastern Orthodox Christians often object to the dogmatic declaration of her immaculate conception as an "over-elaboration" of the faith and because they see it as too closely connected with a particular interpretation of the doctrine of ancestral sin. All the same, the historical and authentic tradition of Mariology in Byzantium took its historical point of departure from Sophronios, Damascene, and their imitators. The most famous Eastern Orthodox theologian to imply Mary's Immaculate Conception was St. Gregory Palamas. Though many passages from his works were long known to extol and attribute to Mary a Christlike holiness in her human nature, traditional objections to Palamas' disposition toward the Immaculate Conception typically rely on a poor understanding of his doctrine of "the purification of Mary" at the Annunciation. Not only did he explicitly cite St. Gregory Nazianzen for his understanding of Jesus' purification at His baptism and Mary's at the Annunciation, but Theophanes of Nicaea, Joseph Bryennius, and Gennadios Scholarios all explicitly placed Mary's Conception as the first moment of her all-immaculate participation in the divine energies to such a degree that she was always completely without spot and graced. In addition to Emperor Manuel II and Gennadius Scholarius, St. Mark of Ephesus also fervently defended Mary's title as "prepurified" against the Dominican, Manuel Calecas, who was perhaps promoting thomistic Mariology that denied Mary's all-holiness from the first moment of her existence. Question: What sect often stands in disagreement over the virginal inception of Mary ? Answer: Contemporary Eastern Orthodox Christians often object to the dogmatic declaration of her immaculate conception Question: What does this group believe of the story of a Virgin mother for Mary and those who follow its teaching ? Answer: dogmatic declaration of her immaculate conception as an "over-elaboration" Question: What in particular does the group feels is impossible to believe ? Answer: because they see it as too closely connected with a particular interpretation of the doctrine of ancestral sin. Question: What is the theological study of Mary called ? Answer: Mariology Question: What did this theological study do to set itself apart from the other groups ? Answer: took its historical point of departure from Sophronios, Damascene, and their imitators.
Context: In 1938 Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann discovered nuclear fission with radiochemical methods, and in 1939 Lise Meitner and Otto Robert Frisch wrote the first theoretical interpretation of the fission process, which was later improved by Niels Bohr and John A. Wheeler. Further developments took place during World War II, which led to the practical application of radar and the development and use of the atomic bomb. Though the process had begun with the invention of the cyclotron by Ernest O. Lawrence in the 1930s, physics in the postwar period entered into a phase of what historians have called "Big Science", requiring massive machines, budgets, and laboratories in order to test their theories and move into new frontiers. The primary patron of physics became state governments, who recognized that the support of "basic" research could often lead to technologies useful to both military and industrial applications. Currently, general relativity and quantum mechanics are inconsistent with each other, and efforts are underway to unify the two. Question: Who discovered nuclear fission? Answer: Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann Question: Who edited the first paper about nuclear fission? Answer: Niels Bohr and John A. Wheeler Question: What event was going on during the creation of the atomic bomb? Answer: World War II Question: The atomic bomb was a part of which movement? Answer: Big Science Question: What is the problem with general relativity and quantum mechanics? Answer: inconsistent with each other
Context: Between 1963 and 1965, there was a "downtown boom" that led to the construction of more than 700 buildings in the city. In 1968, Virginia Commonwealth University was created by the merger of the Medical College of Virginia with the Richmond Professional Institute. In 1970, Richmond's borders expanded by an additional 27 square miles (70 km2) on the south. After several years of court cases in which Chesterfield County fought annexation, more than 47,000 people who once were Chesterfield County residents found themselves within the city's perimeters on January 1, 1970. In 1996, still-sore tensions arose amid controversy involved in placing a statue of African American Richmond native and tennis star Arthur Ashe to the famed series of statues of Confederate heroes of the Civil War on Monument Avenue. After several months of controversy, the bronze statue of Ashe was finally completed on Monument Avenue facing the opposite direction from the Confederate Heroes on July 10, 1996. Question: When did the so-called downtown boom in Richmond end? Answer: 1965 Question: About how many structures were built in Richmond during the downtown boom? Answer: 700 Question: What combined with the Richmond Professional Institute to form Virginia Commonwealth University? Answer: Medical College of Virginia Question: In what direction did Richmond's borders expand in 1970? Answer: south Question: People of what county did not want to join Richmond circa 1970? Answer: Chesterfield
Context: The United Nations estimates that the population in 2009 was at 154,729,000, distributed as 51.7% rural and 48.3% urban, and with a population density of 167.5 people per square kilometre. National census results in the past few decades have been disputed. The results of the most recent census were released in December 2006 and gave a population of 140,003,542. The only breakdown available was by gender: males numbered 71,709,859, females numbered 68,293,08. On June 2012, President Goodluck Jonathan said that Nigerians should limit their number of children. Question: What was Nigeria's population in 2009? Answer: 154,729,000 Question: How much of Nigeria's population in 2009 was rural? Answer: 51.7% Question: How much of Nigeria's population in 2009 was urban? Answer: 48.3% Question: What was Nigeria's population density in 2009? Answer: 167.5 people per square kilometre Question: When did President Goodluck Jonathan advocate limiting childbirth? Answer: June 2012
Context: In 1938 the Nazis altered about one-third of the toponyms of the area, eliminating, Germanizing, or simplifying a number of Old Prussian names, as well as those Polish or Lithuanian names originating from colonists and refugees to Prussia during and after the Protestant Reformation. More than 1,500 places were ordered to be renamed by 16 July 1938 following a decree issued by Gauleiter and Oberpräsident Erich Koch and initiated by Adolf Hitler. Many who would not cooperate with the rulers of Nazi Germany were sent to concentration camps and held prisoner there until their death or liberation. Question: In what year did the Nazi's alter around one-third of the toponyms of the area? Answer: 1938 Question: Around how many places were renamed when the Nazis entered Prussia? Answer: 1,500 Question: What would happen if some didn't comply with the Nazi's with their demands? Answer: sent to concentration camps Question: In what year was the Protestant Reformation started? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What position did Adolf Hitler have in 1938? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Adolf Hitler rise to power? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Polish places were there ordered to be renamed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Lithuanian places were ordered to be renamed? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Norfolk Island Hospital is the only medical centre on the island. Medicare and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme do not cover Norfolk Island. All visitors to Norfolk Island, including Australians, are recommended to purchase travel insurance. Although the hospital can perform minor surgery, serious medical conditions are not permitted to be treated on the island and patients are flown back to mainland Australia. Air charter transport can cost in the order of A$30,000. For serious emergencies, medical evacuations are provided by the Royal Australian Air Force. The island has one ambulance staffed by St John Ambulance Australia volunteers. Question: What is the name of the only medical center on Norfolk Island? Answer: Norfolk Island Hospital Question: What are visitors of Norfolk Island recommended to purchase? Answer: travel insurance Question: Where are Norfolk Island patients who need serious treatment flown to? Answer: mainland Australia Question: Who handles serious medical emergencies on Norfolk Island? Answer: the Royal Australian Air Force Question: Who staffs the one ambulance available on Norfolk Island? Answer: St John Ambulance Australia volunteers Question: What is one of many medical centers on Norfolk Island? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are visitors of Norfolk Island recommended to sell? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are Norfolk Island patients who need serious treatment imprisoned? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who handles non-serious medical emergencies on Norfolk Island? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who broke the one ambulance available on Norfolk Island? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Antebellum Age was a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery in the American South and in the western territories of Kansas and Nebraska that eventually lead to the Civil War in 1861. The Antebellum Period is often considered to have begun with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854,[citation needed] although it may have begun as early as 1812. This period is also significant because it marked the transition of American manufacturing to the industrial revolution.[citation needed] Question: What is the antebellum age? Answer: a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery Question: When did the civil was begin? Answer: 1861 Question: When was the Antebellum age considered to have begun? Answer: with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854 Question: What did The Antebellum age mark? Answer: the transition of American manufacturing to the industrial revolution.
Context: To the southwest, the principality of Halych had developed trade relations with its Polish, Hungarian and Lithuanian neighbours and emerged as the local successor to Kievan Rus'. In 1199, Prince Roman Mstislavich united the two previously separate principalities. In 1202 he conquered Kiev, and assumed the title of Grand Duke of Kievan Rus', which was held by the rulers of Vladimir-Suzdal since 1169. His son, Prince Daniil (r. 1238–1264) looked for support from the West. He accepted a crown as a "Rex Rusiae" ("King of Russia") from the Roman papacy, apparently doing so without breaking with Constantinople. In 1370, the patriarch of the Eastern Orthodox Church in Constantinople granted the King of Poland a metropolitan for his Russian subjects. Lithuanian rulers also requested and received a metropolitan for Novagrudok shortly afterwards. Cyprian, a candidate pushed by the Lithuanian rulers, became Metropolitan of Kiev in 1375 and metropolitan of Moscow in 1382; this way the church in the Russian countries was reunited for some time. In 1439, Kiev became the seat of a separate "Metropolitan of Kiev, Galich and all Rus'" for all Greek Orthodox Christians under Polish-Lithuanian rule. Question: Which neighbors did Halych develop trade relations with? Answer: Polish, Hungarian and Lithuanian Question: Who united the two previously separated principalities? Answer: Prince Roman Mstislavich Question: In what year did Mstislavich defeat the Kiev? Answer: 1202 Question: Who became metropolitan in 1370? Answer: Cyprian Question: Which neighbors did Halych not develop trade relations with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did not unit the two principalities? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did not conquer Kiev in 1202? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Prince Daniil rule? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the patriarch of the Western Orthodox Church grant? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: While technically referring to the era before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492 to 1504, in practice the term usually includes the history of American indigenous cultures until Europeans either conquered or significantly influenced them, even if this happened decades or even centuries after Columbus' initial landing. "Pre-Columbian" is used especially often in the context of discussing the great indigenous civilizations of the Americas, such as those of Mesoamerica (the Olmec, the Toltec, the Teotihuacano, the Zapotec, the Mixtec, the Aztec, and the Maya civilizations) and those of the Andes (Inca Empire, Moche culture, Muisca Confederation, Cañaris). Question: The term Pre-Columbian technically refers to which era? Answer: before Christopher Columbus' voyages of 1492 Question: When was Columbus' first voyage? Answer: 1492 Question: In practice, Pre-Columbian refers to the history of the indigenous cultures of America prior to Europeans doing what to them? Answer: conquered or significantly influenced Question: What term is used most often when discussing the great civilizations of the Americas? Answer: "Pre-Columbian" Question: What area of the Americas did the Inca Empire, Moche culture and Muisca confederation hail from? Answer: Andes
Context: Paris is the home of the most visited art museum in the world, the Louvre, as well as the Musée d'Orsay, noted for its collection of French Impressionist art, and the Musée National d'Art Moderne, a museum of modern and contemporary art. The notable architectural landmarks of Paris include Notre Dame Cathedral (12th century); the Sainte-Chapelle (13th century); the Eiffel Tower (1889); and the Basilica of Sacré-Cœur on Montmartre (1914). In 2014 Paris received 22.4 million visitors, making it one of the world's top tourist destinations. Paris is also known for its fashion, particularly the twice-yearly Paris Fashion Week, and for its haute cuisine, and three-star restaurants. Most of France's major universities and grandes écoles are located in Paris, as are France's major newspapers, including Le Monde, Le Figaro, and Libération. Question: What is the most visited art museum in the world? Answer: Louvre Question: what is the Musee de Orsay known for? Answer: French Impressionist art Question: In what year was the Eiffel Tower built? Answer: 1889 Question: How many visitors did Paris receive in 2014? Answer: 22.4 million Question: In what century was the Notre Dame Cathedral built? Answer: 12th
Context: Club play from pioneering Chicago DJs such as Hardy and Lil Louis, local dance music record shops such as Importes, State Street Records, Loop Records, Gramaphone Records and the popular Hot Mix 5 shows on radio station WBMX-FM helped popularize house music in Chicago. Later, visiting DJs & producers from Detroit fell into the genre. Trax Records and DJ International Records, Chicago labels with wider distribution, helped popularize house music inside and outside of Chicago. One 1986 house tune called "Move Your Body" by Marshall Jefferson, taken from the appropriately titled "The House Music Anthem" EP, became a big hit in Chicago and eventually worldwide. By 1986, UK labels were releasing house music by Chicago acts, and by 1987 house tracks by Chicago DJs and producers were appearing on and topping the UK music chart. By this time, house music released by Chicago-based labels was considered a must-play in clubs. Question: what radio station aired the Hot Mix 5 show? Answer: WBMX-FM Question: what record labels helped popularize house music? Answer: Trax Records and DJ International Records Question: what song by marshall jefferson became a big house hit? Answer: "Move Your Body" Question: what european country were big house music hits being released in, in 1987? Answer: UK Question: where was house music from chicago-based labels considered a must-play? Answer: clubs Question: What radio station aired the Chicago Mix 5 show? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What record labels helped popularize Chicago music? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What song by Marshall Chicago became a big house hit? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What European country were big house music hit being released in, in 1985? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was house music from UK-based labels considered a must-play? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Peer acceptance and social norms gain a significantly greater hand in directing behavior at the onset of adolescence; as such, the alcohol and illegal drug habits of teens tend to be shaped largely by the substance use of friends and other classmates. In fact, studies suggest that more significantly than actual drug norms, an individual's perception of the illicit drug use by friends and peers is highly associated with his or her own habits in substance use during both middle and high school, a relationship that increases in strength over time. Whereas social influences on alcohol use and marijuana use tend to work directly in the short term, peer and friend norms on smoking cigarettes in middle school have a profound effect on one's own likelihood to smoke cigarettes well into high school. Perhaps the strong correlation between peer influence in middle school and cigarette smoking in high school may be explained by the addictive nature of cigarettes, which could lead many students to continue their smoking habits from middle school into late adolescence. Question: What does the alcohol and illegal drug habits of teens tend to be shaped by? Answer: the substance use of friends and other classmates Question: What is one possible reasoning behind many students choosing to continue their smoking habits from middle school into late adolescence? Answer: addictive nature of cigarettes Question: Do peer acceptance and social norms have a greater or lesser effect on behavior at the onset of adolescence? Answer: significantly greater
Context: The exonym Armenia is attested in the Old Persian Behistun Inscription (515 BC) as Armina ( ). The ancient Greek terms Ἀρμενία (Armenía) and Ἀρμένιοι (Arménioi, "Armenians") are first mentioned by Hecataeus of Miletus (c. 550 BC – c. 476 BC). Xenophon, a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions, describes many aspects of Armenian village life and hospitality in around 401 BC. He relates that the people spoke a language that to his ear sounded like the language of the Persians. According to the histories of both Moses of Chorene and Michael Chamchian, Armenia derives from the name of Aram, a lineal descendant of Hayk. Question: What name did Armenia gain it's name from? Answer: Aram Question: When did Xenophon visit Armenia? Answer: 401 BC Question: Who first referenced the Armenians? Answer: Hecataeus of Miletus Question: What language does Armenias resemble most? Answer: Persians
Context: In parliamentary systems fashioned after the Westminster system, the prime minister is the presiding and actual head of government and head of the executive branch. In such systems, the head of state or the head of state's official representative (i.e. the monarch, president, or governor-general) usually holds a largely ceremonial position, although often with reserve powers. Question: What is a parliamentary model on which other systems have been based? Answer: Westminster system Question: What kind of role is the head of state in Westminster-based parliamentary governments? Answer: ceremonial Question: In wich parlimentry system is the monarch the head of state? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what system does the prime minister have reserve powers? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: From the annexation of Alsace by France in the 17th century and the language policy of the French Revolution up to 1870, knowledge of French in Alsace increased considerably. With the education reforms of the 19th century, the middle classes began to speak and write French well. The French language never really managed, however, to win over the masses, the vast majority of whom continued to speak their German dialects and write in German (which we would now call "standard German").[citation needed] Question: Around when did the Annexation of Alsace occur? Answer: 17th century Question: With education reforms in the 19th century what did this lead to in Alsace? Answer: middle classes began to speak and write French Question: What is now the German dialects of speech now referred as to? Answer: standard German Question: When did French become the most common language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Germany annex Alsace? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did writing French in the middle class fall out of fashion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Standard Germany became policy during what revolution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What helped German literacy in the 19th century? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Tourist hotspots in Portugal are Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra, also, between 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit Fátima each year, where apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children reportedly took place in 1917. The Sanctuary of Fátima is one of the largest Roman Catholic shrines in the world. The Portuguese government continues to promote and develop new tourist destinations, such as the Douro Valley, the island of Porto Santo, and Alentejo. Lisbon is the 16th European city which attracts the most tourists (with seven million tourists occupying the city's hotels in 2006, a number that grew 11.8% compared to previous year). Lisbon in recent years surpassed the Algarve as the leading tourist region in Portugal. Porto and Northern Portugal, especially the urban areas north of Douro River valley, was the tourist destination which grew most (11.9%) in 2006, surpassing Madeira (in 2010), as the third most visited destination.[citation needed] Question: What are the tourist hotspots in Portugal? Answer: Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra Question: Where do 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit in Portugal every year? Answer: Fátima Question: What apparitions reportedly took place in 1917? Answer: Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children Question: What tourist destinations are the Portuguese government continuing to promote and develop? Answer: Douro Valley, the island of Porto Santo, and Alentejo Question: What is the 16th European city to attract the most tourists? Answer: Lisbon
Context: Several bit rates are specified in the MPEG-1 Audio Layer III standard: 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 160, 192, 224, 256 and 320 kbit/s, with available sampling frequencies of 32, 44.1 and 48 kHz. MPEG-2 Audio Layer III allows bit rates of 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 80, 96, 112, 128, 144, 160 kbit/s with sampling frequencies of 16, 22.05 and 24 kHz. MPEG-2.5 Audio Layer III is restricted to bit rates of 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56 and 64 kbit/s with sampling frequencies of 8, 11.025, and 12 kHz.[citation needed] Because of the Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, frequency reproduction is always strictly less than half of the sampling frequency, and imperfect filters requires a larger margin for error (noise level versus sharpness of filter), so 8 kHz sampling rate limits the maximum frequency to 4 kHz, while 48 kHz maximum sampling rate limits an MP3 to 24 kHz sound reproduction. Question: What is the name of the sampling theorem? Answer: Nyquist–Shannon Question: In relation to the sampling frequency, the frequency reproduction is strictly how much less? Answer: less than half Question: What kind of filter requires a larger margin for error? Answer: imperfect filters Question: Having an 8 kHz sampling rate would limit the maximum frequency to how much? Answer: 4 kHz Question: A sound reproduction of 24 kHz would represent which value of a maximum sampling rate? Answer: 48
Context: The development of writing is counted among the many achievements and innovations of pre-Columbian American cultures. Independent from the development of writing in other areas of the world, the Mesoamerican region produced several indigenous writing systems beginning in the 1st millennium BCE. What may be the earliest-known example in the Americas of an extensive text thought to be writing is by the Cascajal Block. The Olmec hieroglyphs tablet has been indirectly dated from ceramic shards found in the same context to approximately 900 BCE, around the time that Olmec occupation of San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán began to wane. Question: What was one of the many achievements of the American cultures? Answer: development of writing Question: What region produced several writing systems independent of other areas of the world? Answer: the Mesoamerican region Question: When were writing systems being created in the Americas? Answer: beginning in the 1st millennium BCE Question: What is presumed to be written upon the Cascajal Block? Answer: extensive text Question: When has the Olmec tablet been dated to? Answer: 900 BCE
Context: Hydrogen is sometimes produced and consumed in the same industrial process, without being separated. In the Haber process for the production of ammonia, hydrogen is generated from natural gas. Electrolysis of brine to yield chlorine also produces hydrogen as a co-product. Question: When hydrogen is generated from natural gas, what des it produce? Answer: ammonia Question: How is hydrogen produced as a co product? Answer: Electrolysis of brine to yield chlorine
Context: During the Cretaceous, the late Paleozoic-early Mesozoic supercontinent of Pangaea completed its breakup into present day continents, although their positions were substantially different at the time. As the Atlantic Ocean widened, the convergent-margin orogenies that had begun during the Jurassic continued in the North American Cordillera, as the Nevadan orogeny was followed by the Sevier and Laramide orogenies. Though Gondwana was still intact in the beginning of the Cretaceous, Gondwana itself broke up as South America, Antarctica and Australia rifted away from Africa (though India and Madagascar remained attached to each other); thus, the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans were newly formed. Such active rifting lifted great undersea mountain chains along the welts, raising eustatic sea levels worldwide. Question: The current continents were formerly known as what continent? Answer: Pangaea Question: Which oregenies followed the Nevadan in the Cretaceous? Answer: Sevier and Laramide Question: South America was formerly which continent? Answer: Gondwana Question: The rifting in the Cretaceous had what result on the oceans? Answer: raising eustatic sea levels Question: Antarctica was a part of what supercontinent? Answer: Gondwana Question: During what periods did Pangaea come together? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which oregenies followed the Nevaden in the early Mesozoic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What supercontinent stayed intact during the Cretaceous? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What lowered eustatic sea levels? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Greek men's national volleyball team has won two bronze medals, one in the European Volleyball Championship and another one in the European Volleyball League, a 5th place in the Olympic Games and a 6th place in the FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship. The Greek league, the A1 Ethniki, is considered one of the top volleyball leagues in Europe and the Greek clubs have made significant success in European competitions. Olympiacos is the most successful volleyball club in the country having won the most domestic titles and being the only Greek club to have won European titles; they have won two CEV Cups, they have been CEV Champions League runners-up twice and they have played in as many as 12 Final Fours in the European competitions, making them one of the most traditional volleyball clubs in Europe. Iraklis have also seen significant success in European competitions, having been three times runners-up of the CEV Champions League. Question: The Greek Men's national volleyball team has won how many bronze medals? Answer: two Question: The Greek Men's national volleyball team came in what place in the Olympic games? Answer: 5th Question: What Greek volleyball club is the most successful in the country? Answer: Olympiacos Question: Who is the only Greek volleyball club to win European titles? Answer: Olympiacos
Context: Being one of the four ancient capitals of China, Nanjing has always been a cultural centre attracting intellectuals from all over the country. In the Tang and Song dynasties, Nanjing was a place where poets gathered and composed poems reminiscent of its luxurious past; during the Ming and Qing dynasties, the city was the official imperial examination centre (Jiangnan Examination Hall) for the Jiangnan region, again acting as a hub where different thoughts and opinions converged and thrived. Question: How many ancient capitals does China have in its history? Answer: four Question: What type of people does Nanjing draw because of its culture? Answer: intellectuals Question: In what dynasties did poets congregate in Nanjing? Answer: the Tang and Song dynasties Question: When did the city serve as the official imperial examination centre? Answer: the Ming and Qing dynasties Question: What was the name of the examination centre? Answer: Jiangnan Examination Hall
Context: Most sexually reproducing organisms are diploid, with paired chromosomes, but doubling of their chromosome number may occur due to errors in cytokinesis. This can occur early in development to produce an autopolyploid or partly autopolyploid organism, or during normal processes of cellular differentiation to produce some cell types that are polyploid (endopolyploidy), or during gamete formation. An allopolyploid plant may result from a hybridisation event between two different species. Both autopolyploid and allopolyploid plants can often reproduce normally, but may be unable to cross-breed successfully with the parent population because there is a mismatch in chromosome numbers. These plants that are reproductively isolated from the parent species but live within the same geographical area, may be sufficiently successful to form a new species. Some otherwise sterile plant polyploids can still reproduce vegetatively or by seed apomixis, forming clonal populations of identical individuals. Durum wheat is a fertile tetraploid allopolyploid, while bread wheat is a fertile hexaploid. The commercial banana is an example of a sterile, seedless triploid hybrid. Common dandelion is a triploid that produces viable seeds by apomictic seed. Question: What can cause the doubling of chromosome pairs? Answer: errors in cytokinesis Question: Are the plants produced by this error, able to reproduce? Answer: often reproduce normally Question: Can these plants cross breed with the parent population of plants? Answer: unable to cross-breed successfully Question: What happens to these new plants if they are able to reproduce? Answer: form a new species Question: What is a yellow example of a sterile,hybrid plant with no seeds? Answer: commercial banana
Context: Following the fracture of the Mongol Empire in 1256, Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, established the Ilkhanate in Iran. In 1370, yet another conqueror, Timur, followed the example of Hulagu, establishing the Timurid Empire which lasted for another 156 years. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massacre of Isfahan, reportedly killing 70,000 citizens. The Ilkhans and the Timurids soon came to adopt the ways and customs of the Iranians, choosing to surround themselves with a culture that was distinctively Iranian. Question: Who established an Ilkhanate in Iran after the break up of the Mongol Empire in 1256? Answer: Hulagu Khan Question: Timur established the Timurid Empire in Iran in what year? Answer: 1370 Question: How long did the Timurid empire last in Iran? Answer: 156 years Question: How many citizens were massacred in Isfahan by Timur in 1387? Answer: 70,000 citizens Question: The Ilkhans and Tumrids had what type of culture when ruling Iran? Answer: a culture that was distinctively Iranian
Context: Greek figural mosaics could have been copied or adapted paintings, a far more prestigious artform, and the style was enthusiastically adopted by the Romans so that large floor mosaics enriched the floors of Hellenistic villas and Roman dwellings from Britain to Dura-Europos. Most recorded names of Roman mosaic workers are Greek, suggesting they dominated high quality work across the empire; no doubt most ordinary craftsmen were slaves. Splendid mosaic floors are found in Roman villas across North Africa, in places such as Carthage, and can still be seen in the extensive collection in Bardo Museum in Tunis, Tunisia. Question: What common artform is far more prestigious than mosaic? Answer: paintings Question: Which culture adapted the use of mosaics for large ground coverings in their villas? Answer: the Romans Question: Most names of Roman mosaic workers are what nationality? Answer: Greek Question: Often regular everyday craftsman were most likely what? Answer: slaves Question: Carthage and Tunisia are in what general area? Answer: North Africa
Context: Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma. The Court, considering the case Roper v. Simmons in March 2005, found the execution of juvenile offenders unconstitutional by a 5–4 margin, effectively raising the minimum permissible age to 18. State laws have not been updated to conform with this decision. In the American legal system, unconstitutional laws do not need to be repealed; instead, they are held to be unenforceable. (See also List of juvenile offenders executed in the United States) Question: According to Thompson v. Oklahoma, what was the youngest age at which a person might be executed? Answer: Sixteen Question: In what year was Thompson v. Oklahoma decided? Answer: 1988 Question: In what month and year was Roper v. Simmons decided? Answer: March 2005 Question: In Roper v. Simmons, how many Supreme Court justices believed juvenile execution to be unconstitutional? Answer: 5 Question: Based on Roper v. Simmons, what is now the minimum age to be executed in the United States? Answer: 18 Question: According to Thompson v. Oklahoma, what was the oldest age at which a person might be executed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Thompson v. Oklahoma postponed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what month and year was Roper v. Simmons postponed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In Roper v. Simmons, how many Supreme Court justices believed juvenile execution to be constitutional? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Based on Roper v. Simmons, what is now the maximum age to be executed in the United States? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Labour Party's origins lie in the late 19th century, when it became apparent that there was a need for a new political party to represent the interests and needs of the urban proletariat, a demographic which had increased in number and had recently been given franchise. Some members of the trades union movement became interested in moving into the political field, and after further extensions of the voting franchise in 1867 and 1885, the Liberal Party endorsed some trade-union sponsored candidates. The first Lib–Lab candidate to stand was George Odger in the Southwark by-election of 1870. In addition, several small socialist groups had formed around this time, with the intention of linking the movement to political policies. Among these were the Independent Labour Party, the intellectual and largely middle-class Fabian Society, the Marxist Social Democratic Federation and the Scottish Labour Party. Question: About when did the Labour Parry start? Answer: late 19th century Question: when was george odger elected? Answer: 1870 Question: When did it become obvious that the rural proletariat needed a new political party? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What demographic had decreased in number? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What years was the voting franchise shrunk? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the last Lib-Lab candidate to stand? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What socialist group did not form around this time? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Burke believed that property was essential to human life. Because of his conviction that people desire to be ruled and controlled, the division of property formed the basis for social structure, helping develop control within a property-based hierarchy. He viewed the social changes brought on by property as the natural order of events, which should be taking place as the human race progressed. With the division of property and the class system, he also believed that it kept the monarch in check to the needs of the classes beneath the monarch. Since property largely aligned or defined divisions of social class, class too, was seen as natural—part of a social agreement that the setting of persons into different classes, is the mutual benefit of all subjects. Concern for property is not Burke's only influence. As Christopher Hitchens summarises, "If modern conservatism can be held to derive from Burke, it is not just because he appealed to property owners in behalf of stability but also because he appealed to an everyday interest in the preservation of the ancestral and the immemorial." Question: What did Burke think was crucial for human life? Answer: property Question: What did Burke think a social hierarchy should be based on? Answer: property Question: Who did Burke think a social class structure benefited? Answer: all subjects Question: Who wrote that Burke "appealed to property owners"? Answer: Christopher Hitchens Question: What did Hitchens think Burke supported preserving? Answer: the ancestral and the immemorial Question: Who was influenced by modern conservatism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Christopher Hitchens believe was essential to human life? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Burke believe kept the classes in check? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Hitchens appeal to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Burke believe was against the natural order of events? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The atolls have shown resilience to gradual sea-level rise, with atolls and reef islands being able to grow under current climate conditions by generating sufficient sand and coral debris that accumulates and gets dumped on the islands during cyclones. Gradual sea-level rise also allows for coral polyp activity to increase the reefs. However, if the increase in sea level occurs at faster rate as compared to coral growth, or if polyp activity is damaged by ocean acidification, then the resilience of the atolls and reef islands is less certain. The 2011 report of Pacific Climate Change Science Program of Australia concludes, in relation to Tuvalu, states the conclusions that over the course of the 21st century: Question: What have the Tuvalu atolls displayed about sea level rise? Answer: resilience Question: What does gradual sea level rise allow for coral to increase? Answer: reefs Question: What sea level rise rate could cause more uncertainty to the welfare of coral reefs? Answer: faster rate Question: What condition besides sea level rise can damage coral reefs? Answer: ocean acidification Question: Where does sand and coral debris end up because of the action of cyclones? Answer: on the islands
Context: Ethical commitments in anthropology include noticing and documenting genocide, infanticide, racism, mutilation (including circumcision and subincision), and torture. Topics like racism, slavery, and human sacrifice attract anthropological attention and theories ranging from nutritional deficiencies to genes to acculturation have been proposed, not to mention theories of colonialism and many others as root causes of Man's inhumanity to man. To illustrate the depth of an anthropological approach, one can take just one of these topics, such as "racism" and find thousands of anthropological references, stretching across all the major and minor sub-fields. Question: What type of anthropology commitment is noticing and documenting genocide? Answer: Ethical Question: What is the proper term for circumcision? Answer: mutilation Question: What are good topics to attract the attention of an anthropologist? Answer: racism, slavery, and human sacrifice Question: Nutritional deficiencies and colonialism are just two theories of the root cause of Man's inhumanity towards whom? Answer: man Question: Why can one find thousands of anthropological references to the topics? Answer: depth of an anthropological approach
Context: Disqualification (sometimes abbreviated as "DQ") occurs when a wrestler violates the match's rules, thus losing automatically. Although a countout can technically be considered a disqualification (as it is, for all intents and purposes, an automatic loss suffered as a result of violating a match rule), the two concepts are often distinct in wrestling. A no disqualification match can still end by countout (although this is rare); typically, a match must be declared a "no holds barred" match, a "street fight" or some other term, in order for both disqualifications and countouts to be waived.[citation needed] Question: What else is disqualification called? Answer: DQ Question: How can a wrestler be disqualified? Answer: wrestler violates the match's rules, thus losing automatically Question: In what case can a countout and disqualification be done away with entirely? Answer: must be declared a "no holds barred" match, a "street fight" or some other term
Context: The term Iran derives directly from Middle Persian Ērān, first attested in a 3rd-century inscription at Rustam Relief, with the accompanying Parthian inscription using the term Aryān, in reference to Iranians. The Middle Iranian ērān and aryān are oblique plural forms of gentilic ēr- (Middle Persian) and ary- (Parthian), both deriving from Proto-Iranian arya- (meaning "Aryan," i.e., "of the Iranians"), argued to descend from Proto-Indo-European ar-yo-, meaning "skillful assembler." In Iranian languages, the gentilic is attested as a self-identifier included in ancient inscriptions and the literature of Avesta,[a] and remains also in other Iranian ethnic names such as Alans (Ossetic: Ир – Ir) and Iron (Ossetic: Ирон – Iron). Question: What century did terms referencing Iran begin to be recorded? Answer: 3rd-century Question: What inscription referenced the term Aryan to Iranians? Answer: Parthian Question: What Proto-Indo-European term means "skillful assembler?" Answer: *ar-yo- Question: What other term in the 3rd Century besides Aryan also refer to Iran? Answer: Ērān Question: What is attested as a self-identifier in Iranian languages? Answer: the gentilic

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