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Context: When a tree is very young it is covered with limbs almost, if not entirely, to the ground, but as it grows older some or all of them will eventually die and are either broken off or fall off. Subsequent growth of wood may completely conceal the stubs which will however remain as knots. No matter how smooth and clear a log is on the outside, it is more or less knotty near the middle. Consequently, the sapwood of an old tree, and particularly of a forest-grown tree, will be freer from knots than the inner heartwood. Since in most uses of wood, knots are defects that weaken the timber and interfere with its ease of working and other properties, it follows that a given piece of sapwood, because of its position in the tree, may well be stronger than a piece of heartwood from the same tree. Question: What usually covers the whole trunk of a very young tree? Answer: limbs Question: What evidence of the stubs of the limbs a tree loses can always be seen in the wood? Answer: knots Question: In a very old tree, are you more likely to find a lot of knots in the heartwood or the sapwood? Answer: heartwood Question: What hides the stubs of a tree's lost limbs from being visible later in its life? Answer: Subsequent growth Question: Since knots are defects that weaken lumber, would the heartwood or the sapwood from the same tree be stronger? Answer: sapwood
Context: Southern Baptist Landmarkism sought to reset the ecclesiastical separation which had characterized the old Baptist churches, in an era when inter-denominational union meetings were the order of the day. James Robinson Graves was an influential Baptist of the 19th century and the primary leader of this movement. While some Landmarkers eventually separated from the Southern Baptist Convention, the influence of the movement on the Convention continued into the 20th century. Its influence continues to affect convention policies. In 2005, the Southern Baptist International Mission Board forbade its missionaries to receive alien immersions for baptism. Question: What sought to reset the ecclesiastical separation which had characterized the old Baptist churches? Answer: Southern Baptist Landmarkism Question: Who was an influential Baptist of the 19th century and the primary leader of this movement? Answer: James Robinson Graves Question: When did the Southern Baptist International Mission Board forbade its missionaries to receive alien immersions for baptism? Answer: In 2005 Question: What sought to include the ecclesiastical separation which had characterized the old Baptist churches? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was an influential Baptist of the 18th century and the primary leader of this movement? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Southern Baptist International Mission Board encourage its missionaries to receive alien immersions for baptism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What influence no longer continues to affect convention policies? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Sometimes people of mixed African-American and Native American descent report having had elder family members withholding pertinent genealogical information. Tracing the genealogy of African Americans can be a very difficult process, as censuses did not identify slaves by name before the American Civil War, meaning that most African Americans did not appear by name in those records. In addition, many white fathers who used slave women sexually, even those in long-term relationships like Thomas Jefferson's with Sally Hemings, did not acknowledge their mixed-race slave children in records, so paternity was lost. Question: Who were not identified by name on the census before the civil war? Answer: slaves Question: Who was Thomas Jefferson in a relationship with? Answer: Sally Hemings Question: Not recognizing white fatherhood for multiracial slave children cause what to be lost? Answer: paternity Question: Who will not reveal full ancestral data to mixed race people? Answer: elder family members Question: What people report having elder family members who were open with genealogical information? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is usually a very easy process? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What identified slaves by name before the American Civil War? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who acknowledged their mixed-race slave children in records? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was John Adams in a relationship with? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The term heresy is also used as an ideological pigeonhole for contemporary writers because, by definition, heresy depends on contrasts with an established orthodoxy. For example, the tongue-in-cheek contemporary usage of heresy, such as to categorize a "Wall Street heresy" a "Democratic heresy" or a "Republican heresy," are metaphors that invariably retain a subtext that links orthodoxies in geology or biology or any other field to religion. These expanded metaphoric senses allude to both the difference between the person's views and the mainstream and the boldness of such a person in propounding these views. Question: By definition, what contrast does heresy depend on? Answer: an established orthodoxy Question: What figure of speech is the word heresy commonly used as in present day scenarios? Answer: metaphors Question: What does orthodoxy depend on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term expands the definition of religion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What points out the similarities between an individuals beliefs and mainstream beliefs? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The question of whether the government should intervene or not in the regulation of the cyberspace is a very polemical one. Indeed, for as long as it has existed and by definition, the cyberspace is a virtual space free of any government intervention. Where everyone agree that an improvement on cybersecurity is more than vital, is the government the best actor to solve this issue? Many government officials and experts think that the government should step in and that there is a crucial need for regulation, mainly due to the failure of the private sector to solve efficiently the cybersecurity problem. R. Clarke said during a panel discussion at the RSA Security Conference in San Francisco, he believes that the "industry only responds when you threaten regulation. If industry doesn't respond (to the threat), you have to follow through." On the other hand, executives from the private sector agree that improvements are necessary, but think that the government intervention would affect their ability to innovate efficiently. Question: According to goverment officials, what has the failure of the private sector to solve efficiently the cybersecurity problem created? Answer: a crucial need for regulation Question: Where was the RSA Security Conference held? Answer: San Francisco Question: Who believes that government intervention would affect innovation? Answer: executives from the private sector Question: Who said "industry only responds when you threaten regulation"? Answer: R. Clarke Question: What is a virtual space free of any government intervention? Answer: cyberspace Question: What is the polemical problem presented? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is considered vital of the internet? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who currently runs cyberspace? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Is the cyberspace industry under attack or threatened by regulation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who believes they are better at improving cyberspace? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do most people agree on in regards to internet security? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did R. Clarke want to avoid government intervention? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is government intervention most common? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why is threatening an industry unhelpful according to Clarke? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is Clarke from? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Heian period (平安時代, Heian jidai?) is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. The period is named after the capital city of Heian-kyō, or modern Kyōto. It is the period in Japanese history when Buddhism, Taoism and other Chinese influences were at their height. The Heian period is also considered the peak of the Japanese imperial court and noted for its art, especially poetry and literature. Although the Imperial House of Japan had power on the surface, the real power was in the hands of the Fujiwara clan, a powerful aristocratic family who had intermarried with the imperial family. Many emperors actually had mothers from the Fujiwara family. Heian (平安?) means "peace" in Japanese. Question: What is the name of the last period of classical Japanese history? Answer: Heian Question: The Heian period is named after what city? Answer: Heian-kyō Question: What does heian mean in Japanese? Answer: peace Question: What was the name of the prominent clan during the Heian period? Answer: Fujiwara Question: The Heian period was known for what types of art? Answer: poetry and literature Question: What period marks the end of Japanese history? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Japanese dynasty was named after the city of Heian-kyo? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Chinese influences where waning in the Heian period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was declining along with the imperial court? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What family did many Japanese Emperors belong to? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Kabul Shahi dynasties ruled the Kabul Valley and Gandhara (modern-day Pakistan and Afghanistan) from the decline of the Kushan Empire in the 3rd century to the early 9th century. The Shahis are generally split up into two eras: the Buddhist Shahis and the Hindu Shahis, with the change-over thought to have occurred sometime around 870. The kingdom was known as the Kabul Shahan or Ratbelshahan from 565-670, when the capitals were located in Kapisa and Kabul, and later Udabhandapura, also known as Hund for its new capital. Question: Until what century did the Kabul Shahi dynasties rule the Kabul Valley? Answer: 9th century Question: The decline of what empire allowed the rule of the Kabul Shahi empire? Answer: Kushan Question: How many eras are the Shahis divided into? Answer: two Question: When did the Shahis switch from Buddhist to Hindu? Answer: 870 Question: What was the kingdom of the Shahis called? Answer: Kabul Shahan
Context: "The most widespread form of interspecies bonding occurs between humans and dogs" and the keeping of dogs as companions, particularly by elites, has a long history. (As a possible example, at the Natufian culture site of Ain Mallaha in Israel, dated to 12,000 BC, the remains of an elderly human and a four-to-five-month-old puppy were found buried together). However, pet dog populations grew significantly after World War II as suburbanization increased. In the 1950s and 1960s, dogs were kept outside more often than they tend to be today (using the expression "in the doghouse" to describe exclusion from the group signifies the distance between the doghouse and the home) and were still primarily functional, acting as a guard, children's playmate, or walking companion. From the 1980s, there have been changes in the role of the pet dog, such as the increased role of dogs in the emotional support of their human guardians. People and dogs have become increasingly integrated and implicated in each other's lives, to the point where pet dogs actively shape the way a family and home are experienced. Question: A grave from 12,000 BC was found to contain an older person and what else? Answer: puppy Question: What two species have the most widespread bonding? Answer: humans and dogs Question: When did more people begin to keep dogs as pets? Answer: after World War II Question: What decade showed a change in the way people kept dogs as pets? Answer: 1980s Question: In the 1950s and 1960s most dogs where kept where? Answer: outside Question: Historically, who in particular had dogs as companions? Answer: elites Question: Dogs were kept where in the 1950s and 1960s as compared to today? Answer: outside Question: When did the role of dogs change to be more than guardians or walking companions? Answer: 1980s
Context: On 31 October 1517, Martin Luther supposedly nailed his 95 theses against the selling of indulgences at the door of the All Saints', the Castle Church in Wittenberg. The theses debated and criticised the Church and the papacy, but concentrated upon the selling of indulgences and doctrinal policies about purgatory, particular judgment, and the authority of the pope. He would later write works on the Catholic devotion to Virgin Mary, the intercession of and devotion to the saints, the sacraments, mandatory clerical celibacy, monasticism, further on the authority of the pope, the ecclesiastical law, censure and excommunication, the role of secular rulers in religious matters, the relationship between Christianity and the law, good works, and the sacraments. Question: When did Martin Luther attach his 95 theses on the door of the church? Answer: 31 October 1517 Question: What did the theses argue against selling? Answer: indulgences Question: What Catholic devotion would Martin Luther write about after the 95 theses/ Answer: Virgin Mary Question: Where was All Saints' Church? Answer: Wittenberg Question: Who did Martin Luther criticize in the 95 theses? Answer: the Church and the papacy
Context: Political science is a late arrival in terms of social sciences[citation needed]. However, the discipline has a clear set of antecedents such as moral philosophy, political philosophy, political economy, history, and other fields concerned with normative determinations of what ought to be and with deducing the characteristics and functions of the ideal form of government. The roots of politics are in prehistory. In each historic period and in almost every geographic area, we can find someone studying politics and increasing political understanding. Question: What larger group does political science belong to? Answer: social sciences Question: Where did the ideas of political science begin? Answer: prehistory Question: In history, where could you find someone studying politics? Answer: in almost every geographic area
Context: Contemporary humanism entails a qualified optimism about the capacity of people, but it does not involve believing that human nature is purely good or that all people can live up to the Humanist ideals without help. If anything, there is recognition that living up to one's potential is hard work and requires the help of others. The ultimate goal is human flourishing; making life better for all humans, and as the most conscious species, also promoting concern for the welfare of other sentient beings and the planet as a whole. The focus is on doing good and living well in the here and now, and leaving the world a better place for those who come after. In 1925, the English mathematician and philosopher Alfred North Whitehead cautioned: "The prophecy of Francis Bacon has now been fulfilled; and man, who at times dreamt of himself as a little lower than the angels, has submitted to become the servant and the minister of nature. It still remains to be seen whether the same actor can play both parts". Question: What is contemporary humanism optimistic about? Answer: capacity of people Question: What is the main goal of humanism optimistic? Answer: human flourishing Question: What is human flourishing? Answer: making life better Question: What doesnt conetemporary humanism believe about human nature? Answer: purely good Question: What is contemporary humanism upset about? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the lowest goal of humanism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is human flourishing against? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What doesn't contemporary humanism forget about human nature being? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What English mathematician had no interest in philosophy? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After the end of hostilities, a period of growth and expansion started for the city. In 1853 a stagecoach bus line was established joining Montevideo with the newly formed settlement of Unión and the first natural gas street lights were inaugurated.[citation needed] From 1854 to 1861 the first public sanitation facilities were constructed. In 1856 the Teatro Solís was inaugurated, 15 years after the beginning of its construction. By Decree, on December 1861 the areas of Aguada and Cordón were incorporated to the growing Ciudad Nueva (New City). In 1866, an underwater telegraph line connected the city with Buenos Aires. The statue of Peace, La Paz, was erected on a column in Plaza Cagancha and the building of the Postal Service as well as the bridge of Paso Molino were inaugurated in 1867. Question: What year was a stagecoach bus line established in Montevideo? Answer: 1853 Question: Between what years were the first natural gas street lights constructed? Answer: 1854 to 1861 Question: What year was the Teatro Solis inaugurated? Answer: 1856 Question: What year was an underwater telegraph line made that connected Montevideo with Buenos Aires? Answer: 1866
Context: These reforms were based heavily on French models, as indicated by the adoption of a three-tiered court system. Referred to as Nizamiye, this system was extended to the local magistrate level with the final promulgation of the Mecelle, a civil code that regulated marriage, divorce, alimony, will, and other matters of personal status. In an attempt to clarify the division of judicial competences, an administrative council laid down that religious matters were to be handled by religious courts, and statute matters were to be handled by the Nizamiye courts. Question: Reforms in the Ottoman court system were based on what model? Answer: French models Question: How many tiers did the Ottoman court system adopt? Answer: three Question: What was the new Ottoman court system known as? Answer: Nizamiye Question: What code regulated marriage? Answer: the Mecelle
Context: "Superstorm Sandy" struck Atlantic City on October 29, 2012, causing flooding and power-outages but left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas including the Boardwalk and casino resorts, despite widespread belief that the city's boardwalk had been destroyed. The source of the misinformation was a widely circulated photograph of a damaged section of the Boardwalk that was slated for repairs, prior to the storm, and incorrect news reports at the time of the disaster. The storm produced an all-time record low barometric pressure reading of 943 mb (27.85") for not only Atlantic City, but the state of New Jersey. Question: When did "Superstorm Sandy" strike Atlantic City? Answer: October 29, 2012 Question: "Superstorm Sandy" produced an all-time record low barometric pressure reading of what? Answer: 943 mb Question: Although "Superstorm Sandy" left minimal damage to any of the tourist areas it did cause what two other things to occur? Answer: flooding and power-outages Question: What was the source of the misinformation concerning damage to the city's boardwalk? Answer: photograph Question: Why was there a photo of the Boardwalk if it wasn't actually damaged in the storm? Answer: the Boardwalk that was slated for repairs, prior to the storm
Context: The Thuringian population has a significant sex ratio gap, caused by the emigration of young women, especially in rural areas. Overall, there are 115 to 120 men per 100 women in the 25–40 age group ("family founders") which has negative consequences for the birth ratio. Furthermore, the population is getting older and older with some rural municipalities recording more than 30% of over-65s (pensioners). This is a problem for the regional labour market, as there are twice as many people leaving as entering the job market annually. Question: What is the sex ratio gap in Thuringia? Answer: 115 to 120 men per 100 women Question: What caused the wide sex ratio gap in Thuringia? Answer: emigration of young women Question: How many citizens of Thuringia are over the age of 65? Answer: more than 30% Question: What is the problem facing the job market in Thuringia? Answer: there are twice as many people leaving as entering the job market annually. Question: What is the sex ratio gap in Thuringia falsely considered? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What ended the wide sex ratio gap in Thuringia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many citizens of Thuringia are dead before the age of 65? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the solution facing the job market in Thuringia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has positive consequences for the birth ratio? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Anthropologists have most frequently employed the term 'identity' to refer to this idea of selfhood in a loosely Eriksonian way (Erikson 1972) properties based on the uniqueness and individuality which makes a person distinct from others. Identity became of more interest to anthropologists with the emergence of modern concerns with ethnicity and social movements in the 1970s. This was reinforced by an appreciation, following the trend in sociological thought, of the manner in which the individual is affected by and contributes to the overall social context. At the same time, the Eriksonian approach to identity remained in force, with the result that identity has continued until recently to be used in a largely socio-historical way to refer to qualities of sameness in relation to a person's connection to others and to a particular group of people. Question: What term have Anthropologists employed to refer to the Eriksonian idea of selfhood? Answer: identity Question: Modern concerns with ethnicity and social movements in the 1970's led what group to be more interested in identity? Answer: anthropologists Question: Until recently, what approach was used to refer to qualities of sameness in relation to a person's connection to others? Answer: the Eriksonian approach
Context: A Misratan militia took Gaddafi prisoner, beating him, causing serious injuries; the events were filmed on a mobile phone. A video appears to picture Gaddafi being poked or stabbed in the rear end "with some kind of stick or knife" or possibly a bayonet. Pulled onto the front of a pick-up truck, he fell off as it drove away. His semi-naked, lifeless body was then placed into an ambulance and taken to Misrata; upon arrival, he was found to be dead. Official NTC accounts claimed that Gaddafi was caught in a cross-fire and died from his bullet wounds. Other eye-witness accounts claimed that rebels had fatally shot Gaddafi in the stomach; a rebel identifying himself as Senad el-Sadik el-Ureybi later claimed responsibility. Gaddafi's son Mutassim, who had also been among the convoy, was also captured, and found dead several hours later, most probably from an extrajudicial execution. Around 140 Gaddafi loyalists were rounded up from the convoy; tied up and abused, the corpses of 66 were found at the nearby Mahari Hotel, victims of extrajudicial execution. Libya's chief forensic pathologist, Dr. Othman al-Zintani, carried out the autopsies of Gaddafi, his son and Jabr in the days following their deaths; although the pathologist initially told the press that Gaddafi had died from a gunshot wound to the head, the autopsy report was not made public. Question: Who claimed to have murdered Gaddafi? Answer: Senad el-Sadik el-Ureybi Question: What son of Gaddafi, present in the convoy, was found dead shortly after being captured? Answer: Mutassim Question: Where did an ambulance take Gaddafi after he was murdered? Answer: Misrata Question: How many bodies of Gaddafi supporters were found at the Mahari Hotel? Answer: 66 Question: Who was the chief forensic pathologist of Libya? Answer: Dr. Othman al-Zintani
Context: The terms upper case and lower case can be written as two consecutive words, connected with a hyphen (upper-case and lower-case), or as a single word (uppercase and lowercase). These terms originated from the common layouts of the shallow drawers called type cases used to hold the movable type for letterpress printing. Traditionally, the capital letters were stored in a separate case that was located above the case that held the small letters, and the name proved easy to remember since capital letters are taller. Question: The terms uppercase and lowercase originated from the common layout which type of drawers? Answer: shallow Question: Besides being a single word or two separate words, how can the words uppercase and lowercase be expressed? Answer: hyphen Question: In relation to the shelf the small letters were located, where were the capital letters? Answer: located above Question: Which characteristic of capital letters made it easy to remember. Answer: taller
Context: According to the Institute of Russian Language of the Russian Academy of Sciences, an optional acute accent (знак ударения) may, and sometimes should, be used to mark stress. For example, it is used to distinguish between otherwise identical words, especially when context does not make it obvious: замо́к/за́мок (lock/castle), сто́ящий/стоя́щий (worthwhile/standing), чудно́/чу́дно (this is odd/this is marvelous), молоде́ц/мо́лодец (attaboy/fine young man), узна́ю/узнаю́ (I shall learn it/I recognize it), отреза́ть/отре́зать (to be cutting/to have cut); to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words, especially personal and family names (афе́ра, гу́ру, Гарси́я, Оле́ша, Фе́рми), and to show which is the stressed word in a sentence (Ты́ съел печенье?/Ты съе́л печенье?/Ты съел пече́нье? – Was it you who ate the cookie?/Did you eat the cookie?/Was it the cookie that you ate?). Stress marks are mandatory in lexical dictionaries and books for children or Russian learners. Question: What organization is the Institute of Russian Language part of? Answer: Russian Academy of Sciences Question: What can optional acute accents indicate? Answer: stress Question: What is distinguished from 'lock' only by an accent, in Russian? Answer: castle Question: What is distinguished from 'this is odd' only by an accent, in Russian? Answer: this is marvelous Question: What is distinguished from 'wothwhile' only by an accent, in Russian? Answer: standing Question: What organization writes books for Russian learners? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What should be used to teach Russian learners according to the Russian Academy of Sciences? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do children feel when they are learning Russian? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is context mandatory for children and Russian learners? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where can a Russian learner usually find uncommon words? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Returning to the basic concept of current flows in a conductor, consider what happens if a half-wave dipole is not connected to a feed point, but instead shorted out. Electrically this forms a single 1⁄2-wavelength element. But the overall current pattern is the same; the current will be zero at the two ends, and reach a maximum in the center. Thus signals near the design frequency will continue to create a standing wave pattern. Any varying electrical current, like the standing wave in the element, will radiate a signal. In this case, aside from resistive losses in the element, the rebroadcast signal will be significantly similar to the original signal in both magnitude and shape. If this element is placed so its signal reaches the main dipole in-phase, it will reinforce the original signal, and increase the current in the dipole. Elements used in this way are known as passive elements. Question: What is a half wave dipole need to be coupled with in most instances? Answer: feed point Question: What part of the current is usually strongest? Answer: center Question: What does this result in? Answer: standing wave pattern Question: Element used to provide support to the original signal are called? Answer: passive elements
Context: Classification seeks to describe the diversity of bacterial species by naming and grouping organisms based on similarities. Bacteria can be classified on the basis of cell structure, cellular metabolism or on differences in cell components, such as DNA, fatty acids, pigments, antigens and quinones. While these schemes allowed the identification and classification of bacterial strains, it was unclear whether these differences represented variation between distinct species or between strains of the same species. This uncertainty was due to the lack of distinctive structures in most bacteria, as well as lateral gene transfer between unrelated species. Due to lateral gene transfer, some closely related bacteria can have very different morphologies and metabolisms. To overcome this uncertainty, modern bacterial classification emphasizes molecular systematics, using genetic techniques such as guanine cytosine ratio determination, genome-genome hybridization, as well as sequencing genes that have not undergone extensive lateral gene transfer, such as the rRNA gene. Classification of bacteria is determined by publication in the International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, and Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. The International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology (ICSB) maintains international rules for the naming of bacteria and taxonomic categories and for the ranking of them in the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. Question: How can we classify the vast variety of bacterial species? Answer: grouping organisms based on similarities Question: Can classification be helpful in determining differences between distinct species? Answer: unclear Question: What supports the uncertainty in classification between the same kind of bacteria? Answer: lack of distinctive structures in most bacteria, Question: What can lateral gene transfer create in bacteria? Answer: different morphologies and metabolisms Question: What is the way modern classification tries to determine species? Answer: emphasizes molecular systematics
Context: Beginning the Age of Revolution, the American Revolution and the ensuing political upheaval during the last half of the 18th century saw the Thirteen Colonies of North America overthrow the governance of the Parliament of Great Britain, and then reject the British monarchy itself to become the sovereign United States of America. In this period the colonies first rejected the authority of the Parliament to govern them without representation, and formed self-governing independent states. The Second Continental Congress then joined together against the British to defend that self-governance in the armed conflict from 1775 to 1783 known as the American Revolutionary War (also called American War of Independence). Question: What event did the American revolution cause? Answer: British monarchy itself to become the sovereign United States of America. Question: How did the Thirteen Colonies become The United States Of America? Answer: overthrow the governance of the Parliament of Great Britain, and then reject the British monarchy Question: Why did the United States form independent states? Answer: the colonies first rejected the authority of the Parliament to govern them without representation Question: Who did the Second Continental Congress join together against? Answer: the British Question: What is the armed conflict form 1775 to 1783 is known as? Answer: American Revolutionary War
Context: One of the uses for scales that assess sexual orientation is determining what the prevalence of different sexual orientations are within a population. Depending on subject's age, culture and sex, the prevalence rates of homosexuality vary depending on which component of sexual orientation is being assessed: sexual attraction, sexual behavior, or sexual identity. Assessing sexual attraction will yield the greatest prevalence of homosexuality in a population whereby the proportion of individuals indicating they are same sex attracted is two to three times greater than the proportion reporting same sex behavior or identify as gay, lesbian, or bisexual. Furthermore, reports of same sex behavior usually exceed those of gay, lesbian, or bisexual identification. The following chart demonstrates how widely the prevalence of homosexuality can vary depending on what age, location and component of sexual orientation is being assessed: Question: What can the scales for sexual orientation be used for? Answer: determining what the prevalence of different sexual orientations are within a population Question: What will cause the amount of homosexuality to vary? Answer: which component of sexual orientation is being assessed Question: Out of sexual attraction, sexual behovior, and sexual identity which will show more accurately the amount of homosexuals in a population? Answer: Assessing sexual attraction will yield the greatest prevalence of homosexuality in a population
Context: At the same time, British, French, and Soviet negotiators scheduled three-party talks on military matters to occur in Moscow in August 1939, aiming to define what the agreement would specify should be the reaction of the three powers to a German attack. The tripartite military talks, started in mid-August, hit a sticking point regarding the passage of Soviet troops through Poland if Germans attacked, and the parties waited as British and French officials overseas pressured Polish officials to agree to such terms. Polish officials refused to allow Soviet troops into Polish territory if Germany attacked; as Polish foreign minister Józef Beck pointed out, they feared that once the Red Army entered their territories, it might never leave. Question: Why did Poland deny the proposal of the Soviet Union protecting them from a German Attack? Answer: once the Red Army entered their territories, it might never leave. Question: In what city did the tripartite military talks occur during the month of August? Answer: Moscow Question: Who did not want their country protected by the Soviet military? Answer: Poland Question: Why did Poland accept the proposal of the Soviet Union protecting them from a German Attack? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did Poland deny the proposal of the Soviet Union protecting them from a English Attack? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what city did the bipartite military talks occur during the month of August? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what city did the tripartite military talks occur during the month of July? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wanted their country protected by the Soviet military? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: General George Washington (1732–99) proved an excellent organizer and administrator, who worked successfully with Congress and the state governors, selecting and mentoring his senior officers, supporting and training his troops, and maintaining an idealistic Republican Army. His biggest challenge was logistics, since neither Congress nor the states had the funding to provide adequately for the equipment, munitions, clothing, paychecks, or even the food supply of the soldiers. As a battlefield tactician Washington was often outmaneuvered by his British counterparts. As a strategist, however, he had a better idea of how to win the war than they did. The British sent four invasion armies. Washington's strategy forced the first army out of Boston in 1776, and was responsible for the surrender of the second and third armies at Saratoga (1777) and Yorktown (1781). He limited the British control to New York and a few places while keeping Patriot control of the great majority of the population. The Loyalists, on whom the British had relied too heavily, comprised about 20% of the population but never were well organized. As the war ended, Washington watched proudly as the final British army quietly sailed out of New York City in November 1783, taking the Loyalist leadership with them. Washington astonished the world when, instead of seizing power, he retired quietly to his farm in Virginia. Question: What was the biggest problem General Washington faced? Answer: logistics Question: Where were the two major surrenders of British forces in the war? Answer: Saratoga (1777) and Yorktown (1781) Question: What percentage of the Colonial population were loyal to the Crown? Answer: 20% Question: What did Washington do after defeating the British Army? Answer: he retired quietly to his farm in Virginia. Question: What advantage did Washington have over the British generals? Answer: he had a better idea of how to win the war than they did Question: What was the smallest problem General Washington faced? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where were the three major surrenders of British forces in the war? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of the Colonial population weren't loyal to the Crown? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Washington not do after defeating the British Army? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What disadvantage did Washington have over the British generals? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the capital ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for staging aircraft operations. Aircraft carriers are expensive to build and are critical assets. Aircraft carriers have evolved from converted cruisers to nuclear-powered warships that carry numerous fighter planes, strike aircraft, helicopters, and other types of aircraft. Question: What type of flight decks are aircraft carriers equipped with? Answer: full-length Question: What purpose do aircraft carriers serve for aircraft? Answer: carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering Question: Typically, what is the capital ship of any fleet? Answer: An aircraft carrier Question: What do aircraft carriers allow naval forces to accomplish? Answer: project air power worldwide without depending on local bases Question: What have the old converted cruiser aircraft carriers evolved into? Answer: nuclear-powered warships Question: What type of flight decks are aircraft carriers not equipped with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What purpose do aircraft carriers serve for land vehicles? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Typically, what is the capital ship of no fleets? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do aircraft carriers disallow naval forces to accomplish? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What have the new converted cruiser aircraft carriers devolved into? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: German air attacks on the British Isles increased in 1915 and the AA efforts were deemed somewhat ineffective, so a Royal Navy gunnery expert, Admiral Sir Percy Scott, was appointed to make improvements, particularly an integrated AA defence for London. The air defences were expanded with more RNVR AA guns, 75 mm and 3-inch, the pom-poms being ineffective. The naval 3-inch was also adopted by the army, the QF 3 inch 20 cwt (76 mm), a new field mounting was introduced in 1916. Since most attacks were at night, searchlights were soon used, and acoustic methods of detection and locating were developed. By December 1916 there were 183 AA Sections defending Britain (most with the 3-inch), 74 with the BEF in France and 10 in the Middle East. Question: Air attacks headed by Germany increased in 1915 in what area? Answer: the British Isles Question: Who was tasked with the job to make improvements to the AA as a result of the German attacks? Answer: Royal Navy gunnery expert, Admiral Sir Percy Scott Question: What was used because of night attacks? Answer: searchlights Question: How many AA Sections were defending Britain by December 1916? Answer: 183 Question: How many AA Sections were with the BEF in France during the same time? Answer: 74
Context: The ethnogenesis of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC. According to some scholars, the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC, when the idea of a common Hellenism among the Greek tribes was first translated into a shared cultural experience and Hellenism was primarily a matter of common culture. The works of Homer (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) and Hesiod (i.e. Theogony) were written in the 8th century BC, becoming the basis of the national religion, ethos, history and mythology. The Oracle of Apollo at Delphi was established in this period. Question: What event is believed to be the ethnic basis of the Greeks society? Answer: The ethnogenesis of the Greek nation is linked to the development of Pan-Hellenism Question: When did this event occur ? Answer: development of Pan-Hellenism in the 8th century BC. Question: What national sporting event was held during this time period still goes on in celebration today ? Answer: the foundational event was the Olympic Games in 776 BC, Question: What was the foundation for spirituality and church ? Answer: The works of Homer (i.e. Iliad and Odyssey) and Hesiod (i.e. Theogony) Question: What famous spiritual guide and God was a devotional temple made to in the 8th century ? Answer: Oracle of Apollo at Delphi Question: What event was used to celebrate the birth of Homer in the same year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the city of Delphi cause the development of in 776 BC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the city of Delphi inspire the development of in Greek culture? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what century was the Odyssey first written in Greek? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Homer born? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What event isn't believed to be the ethnic basis of the Greeks society? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When didn't this event occur ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What national sporting event wasn't held during this time period still goes on in celebration today ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What wasn't the foundation for spirituality and church ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What famous spiritual guide and God was a devotional temple made to in the 7th century ? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What event is believed to be the ethnic basis of the French society? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did this event stop? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What national sporting event wasn't held during this time period still goes on in celebration today? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the foundation for non-spirituality and non-church? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: At war's end, American, British, and Soviet scientific intelligence teams competed to capture Germany's rocket engineers along with the German rockets themselves and the designs on which they were based. Each of the Allies captured a share of the available members of the German rocket team, but the United States benefited the most with Operation Paperclip, recruiting von Braun and most of his engineering team, who later helped develop the American missile and space exploration programs. The United States also acquired a large number of complete V2 rockets. Question: What military operation allowed the US to recruit the German engineer, Von Braun? Answer: Operation Paperclip Question: The US had captured what type of missiles during Operation Paperclip? Answer: V2 rockets
Context: The island has two local newspapers, both of which are available on the Internet. The St Helena Independent has been published since November 2005. The Sentinel newspaper was introduced in 2012. Question: How many local newspapers does the island have? Answer: two Question: Where are both newspapers available? Answer: the Internet Question: Since when has the St Helena Independent been published? Answer: November 2005 Question: When was the Sentinel Newspaper introduced? Answer: 2012
Context: Severe weather occurs regularly in North Carolina. On the average, a hurricane hits the state once a decade. Destructive hurricanes that have struck the state include Hurricane Fran, Hurricane Floyd, and Hurricane Hazel, the strongest storm to make landfall in the state, as a Category 4 in 1954. Hurricane Isabel stands out as the most damaging of the 21st century. Tropical storms arrive every 3 or 4 years. In addition, many hurricanes and tropical storms graze the state. In some years, several hurricanes or tropical storms can directly strike the state or brush across the coastal areas. Only Florida and Louisiana are hit by hurricanes more often. Although many people believe that hurricanes menace only coastal areas, the rare hurricane which moves inland quickly enough can cause severe damage; for example, in 1989, Hurricane Hugo caused heavy damage in Charlotte and even as far inland as the Blue Ridge Mountains in the northwestern part of the state. On the average, North Carolina has 50 days of thunderstorm activity per year, with some storms becoming severe enough to produce hail, flash floods, and damaging winds. Question: Hoe often do hurricanes hit North Carolina? Answer: once a decade Question: Floyd, Fran, and Hazel are examples of what that hit the state of North Carolina? Answer: hurricanes Question: What was the strongest storm to make landfall in North Carolina? Answer: Hurricane Hazel Question: What category of hurricane was Hazel? Answer: 4 Question: What year did Hurrican Hazel hit North Carolina? Answer: 1954
Context: Building Partnerships is described as airmen interacting with international airmen and other relevant actors to develop, guide, and sustain relationships for mutual benefit and security. Building Partnerships is about interacting with others and is therefore an inherently inter-personal and cross-cultural undertaking. Through both words and deeds, the majority of interaction is devoted to building trust-based relationships for mutual benefit. It includes both foreign partners as well as domestic partners and emphasizes collaboration with foreign governments, militaries and populations as well as US government departments, agencies, industry, and NGOs. To better facilitate partnering efforts, Airmen should be competent in the relevant language, region, and culture. Question: What does Building Partnerships relate to in the Air Force? Answer: airmen interacting with international airmen and other relevant actors Question: What are the goals of the Building Partnership interactions? Answer: develop, guide, and sustain relationships for mutual benefit and security Question: What sort of inter-personal relationships does Building Partnerships encourage? Answer: cross-cultural Question: What is the major goal of Building Partnerships in these deeds and actions? Answer: building trust-based relationships for mutual benefit Question: What are Airmen expected to be competent in for these Building Partnerships missions? Answer: relevant language, region, and culture
Context: There are 13 universities in Hyderabad: two private universities, two deemed universities, six state universities and three central universities. The central universities are the University of Hyderabad, Maulana Azad National Urdu University and the English and Foreign Languages University. Osmania University, established in 1918, was the first university in Hyderabad and as of 2012[update] is India's second most popular institution for international students. The Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Open University, established in 1982, is the first distance learning open university in India. Question: How many universities are in Hyderabad? Answer: 13 Question: Of the universities in Hyderabad how many are state run? Answer: six Question: Maulana Azad National Urdu University is a type of university that represents what type of university? Answer: central universities Question: What year was Osmania University formed? Answer: 1918 Question: In 1982 the first long distance university was opened in India, what is it's name? Answer: The Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Open University
Context: A pair of overlapping political perspectives arising toward the end of the 20th century are republicanism (or neo- or civic-republicanism) and the capability approach. The resurgent republican movement aims to provide an alternate definition of liberty from Isaiah Berlin's positive and negative forms of liberty, namely "liberty as non-domination." Unlike liberals who understand liberty as "non-interference," "non-domination" entails individuals not being subject to the arbitrary will of anyother person. To a liberal, a slave who is not interfered with may be free, yet to a republican the mere status as a slave, regardless of how that slave is treated, is objectionable. Prominent republicans include historian Quentin Skinner, jurist Cass Sunstein, and political philosopher Philip Pettit. The capability approach, pioneered by economists Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen and further developed by legal scholar Martha Nussbaum, understands freedom under allied lines: the real-world ability to act. Both the capability approach and republicanism treat choice as something which must be resourced. In other words, it is not enough to be legally able to do something, but to have the real option of doing it. Question: When did republicanism and the capability approach arise? Answer: the end of the 20th century Question: What aims to provide an alternate definition of liberty from Isaiah Berlin's positive and negative forms of liberty? Answer: The resurgent republican movement Question: Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen pioneered what approach? Answer: The capability approach Question: When did the perspectives jurist and non-interference appear? Answer: Unanswerable Question: To a liberal, what is the state of a political perspective that is not interfered with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the approach of republicanism as developed by Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How do both political perspectives treat arbitrary will? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the economist movement look to define in a different way? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Professional anthropological bodies often object to the use of anthropology for the benefit of the state. Their codes of ethics or statements may proscribe anthropologists from giving secret briefings. The Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth (ASA) has called certain scholarship ethically dangerous. The AAA's current 'Statement of Professional Responsibility' clearly states that "in relation with their own government and with host governments ... no secret research, no secret reports or debriefings of any kind should be agreed to or given." Question: What do groups of anthropologists object to the use of anthropology for benefit of? Answer: the state Question: What type of briefings are forbidden for members of certain anthropologist bodies to give? Answer: secret Question: What has the ASA identified as being ethically dangerous? Answer: certain scholarship Question: Who penned a "Statement of Professional Responsibility"? Answer: The AAA Question: Secret research and reports are things which should never be what? Answer: given Question: Who often emphasises the use of anthropology for the benefit of the state? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What permits antropologists to give secret briefings? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the AAA's current Statment of Professional Responsibility no longer say? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has the ASA identified as being ethical? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1875, Bell developed an acoustic telegraph and drew up a patent application for it. Since he had agreed to share U.S. profits with his investors Gardiner Hubbard and Thomas Sanders, Bell requested that an associate in Ontario, George Brown, attempt to patent it in Britain, instructing his lawyers to apply for a patent in the U.S. only after they received word from Britain (Britain would issue patents only for discoveries not previously patented elsewhere). Question: What did Bell promise to split with his financers? Answer: U.S. profits Question: In what country other than the U.S. did Bell try to patent his telegraph? Answer: Britain Question: Which country did Bell first try to get a patent? Answer: Britain Question: Who did Bell ask to get a patent in Britain? Answer: George Brown Question: What kind of telegraph did Bell create? Answer: acoustic
Context: The use of traditional Chinese characters versus simplified Chinese characters varies greatly, and can depend on both the local customs and the medium. Before the official reform, character simplifications were not officially sanctioned and generally adopted vulgar variants and idiosyncratic substitutions. Orthodox variants were mandatory in printed works, while the (unofficial) simplified characters would be used in everyday writing or quick notes. Since the 1950s, and especially with the publication of the 1964 list, the People's Republic of China has officially adopted simplified Chinese characters for use in mainland China, while Hong Kong, Macau, and the Republic of China (Taiwan) were not affected by the reform. There is no absolute rule for using either system, and often it is determined by what the target audience understands, as well as the upbringing of the writer. Question: What varies greatly? Answer: The use of traditional Chinese characters versus simplified Chinese characters Question: What were mandatory in printed works? Answer: Orthodox variants Question: What were adopted for use in mainland China? Answer: Chinese characters
Context: The county was established in 1182, later than many other counties. During Roman times the area was part of the Brigantes tribal area in the military zone of Roman Britain. The towns of Manchester, Lancaster, Ribchester, Burrow, Elslack and Castleshaw grew around Roman forts. In the centuries after the Roman withdrawal in 410AD the northern parts of the county probably formed part of the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged, a successor entity to the Brigantes tribe. During the mid-8th century, the area was incorporated into the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria, which became a part of England in the 10th century. Question: When was Lancashire established? Answer: 1182 Question: When was the area part of Brigantes tribal area? Answer: Roman times Question: In what year did the northern parts of the country form the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged? Answer: 410AD Question: What is the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged? Answer: a successor entity to the Brigantes tribe Question: When was the area incorporated into Northumbria? Answer: mid-8th century Question: When did the Romans enter the area of Manchester? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Lancaster established? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Brigantes tribe become the Brythonic Kingdom of Rheged? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what century were Roman forts first established? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the town of Castleshaw founded? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Brian May and Roger Taylor performed together at several award ceremonies and charity concerts, sharing vocals with various guest singers. During this time, they were billed as Queen + followed by the guest singer's name. In 1998, the duo appeared at Luciano Pavarotti's benefit concert with May performing "Too Much Love Will Kill You" with Pavarotti, later playing "Radio Ga Ga", "We Will Rock You", and "We Are the Champions" with Zucchero. They again attended and performed at Pavarotti's benefit concert in Modena, Italy in May 2003. Several of the guest singers recorded new versions of Queen's hits under the Queen + name, such as Robbie Williams providing vocals for "We Are the Champions" for the soundtrack of A Knight's Tale (2001). Question: Which two members of Queen performed together at several charity concerts? Answer: Brian May and Roger Taylor Question: Who performed with Brian May in 1998 at a benefit concert? Answer: Pavarotti Question: Where did Queen play in 2003 with a famous opera singer? Answer: Modena, Italy Question: Which artist provided vocals for the Queen song found on the soundtrack to A Knight's Tale? Answer: Robbie Williams
Context: The City of Charleston Police Department, with a total of 452 sworn officers, 137 civilians, and 27 reserve police officers, is South Carolina's largest police department. Their procedures on cracking down on drug use and gang violence in the city are used as models to other cities to do the same.[citation needed] According to the final 2005 FBI Crime Reports, Charleston crime level is worse than the national average in almost every major category. Greg Mullen, the former Deputy Chief of the Virginia Beach, Virginia Police Department, serves as the current Chief of the Charleston Police Department. The former Charleston police chief was Reuben Greenberg, who resigned August 12, 2005. Greenberg was credited with creating a polite police force that kept police brutality well in check, even as it developed a visible presence in community policing and a significant reduction in crime rates. Question: What is the largest police department of South Carolina? Answer: The City of Charleston Police Department Question: How many reserve police officers do the Charleston Police Department have? Answer: 27 Question: How many civilians serve on the Charleston Police Department? Answer: 137 Question: Who is the current Chief of the Charleston Police Department? Answer: Greg Mullen Question: What year did Reuben Greenberg retire as Chief of Charleston Police Department? Answer: 2005 Question: What is the smallest police department of South Carolina? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many reserve police officers don't the Charleston Police Department have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many civilians don't serve on the Charleston Police Department? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is the former Chief of the Charleston Police Department? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Reuben Greenberg unretire as Chief of Charleston Police Department? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the French-speaking part of Switzerland exists also the term haute école specialisée for a type of institution called Fachhochschule in the German-speaking part of the country. (see below). Question: What's the term in German for what those in French-speaking Switzerland call haute école specialisée? Answer: Fachhochschule
Context: In 1903, Brigham Young Academy was dissolved, and was replaced by two institutions: Brigham Young High School, and Brigham Young University. (The BY High School class of 1907 was ultimately responsible for the famous giant "Y" that is to this day embedded on a mountain near campus.) The Board elected George H. Brimhall as the new President of BYU. He had not received a high school education until he was forty. Nevertheless, he was an excellent orator and organizer. Under his tenure in 1904 the new Brigham Young University bought 17 acres (69,000 m2) of land from Provo called "Temple Hill". After some controversy among locals over BYU's purchase of this property, construction began in 1909 on the first building on the current campus, the Karl G. Maeser Memorial. Brimhall also presided over the University during a brief crisis involving the theory of evolution. The religious nature of the school seemed at the time to collide with this scientific theory. Joseph F. Smith, LDS Church president, settled the question for a time by asking that evolution not be taught at the school. A few have described the school at this time as nothing more than a "religious seminary". However, many of its graduates at this time would go on to great success and become well renowned in their fields. Question: In what year was Brigham Young Academy split into two separate schools? Answer: 1903 Question: What was the name of the land purchased by BYU in 1904? Answer: Temple Hill Question: How old was George H. Brimhall when he completed High School? Answer: forty Question: What topic was excluded from being taught at BYU? Answer: evolution Question: Who was chosen to head BYU? Answer: George H. Brimhall Question: In 1903, which two institutions was Brigham Young Univesity replaced with? Answer: Brigham Young High School, and Brigham Young University Question: Who we responsible for the giant "Y" that is embedded on a mountain near the campus? Answer: BY High School class of 1907 Question: At what age did BYU's elected president in 1904, George H. Brimhall, receive his high school education? Answer: forty Question: What brief crisis rose in the school at the time of Brimhall's presidency that caused the crises' theory to not be taught for a time? Answer: the theory of evolution Question: What property was George Brimhall responsible for purchasing for the campus? Answer: Temple Hill Question: What was dissolved in 1907? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was George B. Hrimhall elected as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were the 96,000m2 of land purchased by BYU called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did Joseph F. Maeser solve the theory of evolution crisis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was forty when he completed university? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 2006, due to ongoing violence, over 50,000 people in the country's northwest were at risk of starvation but this was averted due to assistance from the United Nations.[citation needed] On 8 January 2008, the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon declared that the Central African Republic was eligible to receive assistance from the Peacebuilding Fund. Three priority areas were identified: first, the reform of the security sector; second, the promotion of good governance and the rule of law; and third, the revitalization of communities affected by conflicts. On 12 June 2008, the Central African Republic requested assistance from the UN Peacebuilding Commission, which was set up in 2005 to help countries emerging from conflict avoid devolving back into war or chaos. Question: Due to fighting, what threatened people in the NorthWest? Answer: risk of starvation Question: Who assisted in saving the people from starvation? Answer: United Nations Question: Who headed the UN effort to rebuild CAR? Answer: Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon Question: When did CAR request assistance directly to prevent war? Answer: 12 June 2008 Question: Who assisted CAR in avoiding war? Answer: UN Peacebuilding Commission Question: In what year did Ban Ki-Moon request assistance from the UN? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the Central African Republic created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: For what purpose was the UN created in 2005? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the UN Peacebuliding Commission decide on Jan 8, 2008? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people were saved from conflict? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The earliest known cultural tribes of the area were members of the Hallstatt and La Tène cultures, named after the archaeological site of La Tène on the north side of Lake Neuchâtel. La Tène culture developed and flourished during the late Iron Age from around 450 BC, possibly under some influence from the Greek and Etruscan civilisations. One of the most important tribal groups in the Swiss region was the Helvetii. Steadily harassed by the Germans, in 58 BC the Helvetii decided to abandon the Swiss plateau and migrate to western Gallia, but Julius Caesar's armies pursued and defeated them at the Battle of Bibracte, in today's western France, forcing the tribe to move back to its original homeland. In 15 BC, Tiberius, who was destined to be the second Roman emperor and his brother, Drusus, conquered the Alps, integrating them into the Roman Empire. The area occupied by the Helvetii—the namesakes of the later Confoederatio Helvetica—first became part of Rome's Gallia Belgica province and then of its Germania Superior province, while the eastern portion of modern Switzerland was integrated into the Roman province of Raetia. Sometime around the start of the Common Era, the Romans maintained a large legionary camp called Vindonissa, now a ruin at the confluence of the Aare and Reuss rivers, near the town of Windisch, an outskirt of Brugg. Question: What were the two earliest know cultural tribes in Switerland? Answer: Hallstatt and La Tène Question: Which Swiss cultural tribe developed and flourished during the late Iron Age? Answer: La Tène Question: Which Swiss tribal group was defeated by Julius Caesar at the Battle of Bribacti as they tried to escape the Swiss plateau? Answer: the Helvetii Question: In what year did Tiberius conquer the Alps, integrating them into the Roman Empire? Answer: 15 BC Question: What is the name of the large legionary camp, now a ruin, that the Romans maintained around the start of the Common Era? Answer: Vindonissa
Context: In Arabia, Bahrain, which was referred to by the Greeks as Tylos, the centre of pearl trading, when Nearchus came to discover it serving under Alexander the Great. The Greek admiral Nearchus is believed to have been the first of Alexander's commanders to visit these islands. It is not known whether Bahrain was part of the Seleucid Empire, although the archaeological site at Qalat Al Bahrain has been proposed as a Seleucid base in the Persian Gulf. Alexander had planned to settle the eastern shores of the Persian Gulf with Greek colonists, and although it is not clear that this happened on the scale he envisaged, Tylos was very much part of the Hellenised world: the language of the upper classes was Greek (although Aramaic was in everyday use), while Zeus was worshipped in the form of the Arabian sun-god Shams. Tylos even became the site of Greek athletic contests. Question: What did the Greeks call Bahrain? Answer: Tylos Question: Where was the central point of pearl trading? Answer: Bahrain Question: Which of Alexanders commanders were the first to visit Bahrain? Answer: Nearchus Question: Alexander planned to colonized the eastern bank of the Persian Gulf with what ethnicity of colonist? Answer: Greek Question: Tylos worshipped Zeus in the form of what Arabian sun-god? Answer: Shams
Context: North Carolina made the smallest per-capita contribution to the war of any state, as only 7,800 men joined the Continental Army under General George Washington; an additional 10,000 served in local militia units under such leaders as General Nathanael Greene. There was some military action, especially in 1780–81. Many Carolinian frontiersmen had moved west over the mountains, into the Washington District (later known as Tennessee), but in 1789, following the Revolution, the state was persuaded to relinquish its claim to the western lands. It ceded them to the national government so that the Northwest Territory could be organized and managed nationally. Question: What state made the smallest contribution to the revolutionary war of any state? Answer: North Carolina Question: How many men from NC joined the continental army? Answer: 7,800 Question: Who led the continental army? Answer: General George Washington Question: What years were the highest concentration of military action in NC during the revolutionary war? Answer: 1780–81 Question: Frontiersmen from the Carolinas moved west into what area that is now known as Tennessee? Answer: Washington District
Context: Ancient rock paintings in Somalia which date back to 5000 years have been found in the northern part of the country, depicting early life in the territory. The most famous of these is the Laas Geel complex, which contains some of the earliest known rock art on the African continent and features many elaborate pastoralist sketches of animal and human figures. In other places, such as the northern Dhambalin region, a depiction of a man on a horse is postulated as being one of the earliest known examples of a mounted huntsman. Question: How long ago were rock paintings found in Somalia created? Answer: 5000 years Question: Where are the most notable rock paintings located? Answer: the Laas Geel complex Question: Along with animals, what is depicted on the rock paintings of Laas Geel? Answer: human figures Question: Where does a notable rock painting of a man on horseback exist? Answer: the northern Dhambalin region Question: In what geographic part of Somalia are these rock paintings commonly found? Answer: northern
Context: The coats of domestic dogs are of two varieties: "double" being common with dogs (as well as wolves) originating from colder climates, made up of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, or "single", with the topcoat only. Question: Which coat is more common with dogs living in colder climates? Answer: double Question: Along with a gruff guard hair, what else makes up the double coat? Answer: soft down hair Question: What is the more common coat for dogs from colder climates? Answer: double Question: What is a single coat? Answer: topcoat only
Context: Solar distillation can be used to make saline or brackish water potable. The first recorded instance of this was by 16th-century Arab alchemists. A large-scale solar distillation project was first constructed in 1872 in the Chilean mining town of Las Salinas. The plant, which had solar collection area of 4,700 m2 (51,000 sq ft), could produce up to 22,700 L (5,000 imp gal; 6,000 US gal) per day and operate for 40 years. Individual still designs include single-slope, double-slope (or greenhouse type), vertical, conical, inverted absorber, multi-wick, and multiple effect. These stills can operate in passive, active, or hybrid modes. Double-slope stills are the most economical for decentralized domestic purposes, while active multiple effect units are more suitable for large-scale applications. Question: In what year was a large scale solar distillation project constructed in Las Salinas? Answer: 1872 Question: What is used to make saline or brackish water drinkable? Answer: Solar distillation Question: By who was the first record of solar distillation done by? Answer: 16th-century Arab alchemists Question: When was the first large solar distillation plant created? Answer: 1872 Question: How much water was produced by the plant? Answer: 22,700 L (5,000 imp gal; 6,000 US gal) per day Question: What is an example of a solar distillation design? Answer: single-slope
Context: In January 1790, Burke read Dr. Richard Price's sermon of 4 November 1789 entitled, A Discourse on the Love of our Country, to the Revolution Society. That society had been founded to commemorate the Glorious Revolution of 1688. In this sermon Price espoused the philosophy of universal "Rights of Men". Price argued that love of our country "does not imply any conviction of the superior value of it to other countries, or any particular preference of its laws and constitution of government". Instead, Price asserted that Englishmen should see themselves "more as citizens of the world than as members of any particular community". Question: When did Richard Price give a sermon to the Revolution Society? Answer: 4 November 1789 Question: What was the Revolution Society commemorating? Answer: the Glorious Revolution of 1688 Question: Who did Price think should see themselves as citizens of the world? Answer: Englishmen Question: What philosophy did Price support? Answer: universal "Rights of Men" Question: What was the name of Burke's sermon? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Revolution Society founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did Burke say Englishmen should see themselves? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Burke propose the idea of universal rights for men? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Price read Burke's sermon? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Saint Barthélemy, a volcanic island fully encircled by shallow reefs, has an area of 25 square kilometres (9.7 sq mi) and a population of 9,035 (Jan. 2011 estimate). Its capital is Gustavia[citation needed], which also contains the main harbour to the island. It is the only Caribbean island which was a Swedish colony for any significant length of time; Guadeloupe was under Swedish rule only briefly at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Symbolism from the Swedish national arms, the Three Crowns, still appears in the island's coat of arms. The language, cuisine, and culture, however, are distinctly French. The island is a popular tourist destination during the winter holiday season, especially for the rich and famous during the Christmas and new year period. Question: What kind of island is St. Barts? Answer: volcanic Question: What is the population of St. Barts? Answer: 9,035 Question: What is the capital of St. Barts? Answer: Gustavia Question: What country besides France had colonies on the island for a substantial period of time? Answer: Swedish Question: When is the busiest time for tourism in St. Barts? Answer: the winter holiday season Question: In what year did Guadeloupe fall under Swedish rule briefly? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people lived in the Swedish colony? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many tourists visit Saint Barthelemy each year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people lived in Gustavia as of 2011? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was France's national arms? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During this early period, it was more usual that neither major party grouping (Federalists and Democratic-Republicans) had an official leader. In 1813, for instance, a scholar recounts that the Federalist minority of 36 Members needed a committee of 13 "to represent a party comprising a distinct minority" and "to coordinate the actions of men who were already partisans in the same cause." In 1828, a foreign observer of the House offered this perspective on the absence of formal party leadership on Capitol Hill: Question: In the early days who represented party leadership? Answer: it was more usual that neither major party grouping (Federalists and Democratic-Republicans) had an official leader Question: In early 19th century, what were 2 common parties? Answer: (Federalists and Democratic-Republicans) Question: What would be the purpose of organizing non majority members of the house? Answer: to represent a party comprising a distinct minority Question: What did the Democratic-Republicans have in 1828? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many members of congress were there in 1828? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who offered their view on lack of Democrat-Republican leadership in 1813? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Capitol Hill get its name? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Democratic-Republicans need in 1828? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the reign of the Jiajing Emperor (r. 1521–1567), the native Chinese ideology of Daoism was fully sponsored at the Ming court, while Tibetan Vajrayana and even Chinese Buddhism were ignored or suppressed. Even the History of Ming states that the Tibetan lamas discontinued their trips to Ming China and its court at this point. Grand Secretary Yang Tinghe under Jiajing was determined to break the eunuch influence at court which typified the Zhengde era, an example being the costly escort of the eunuch Liu Yun as described above in his failed mission to Tibet. The court eunuchs were in favor of expanding and building new commercial ties with foreign countries such as Portugal, which Zhengde deemed permissible since he had an affinity for foreign and exotic people. Question: When did the Jiajing Emperor reign? Answer: 1521–1567 Question: What ideology was sponsored at the Ming court? Answer: the native Chinese ideology of Daoism Question: Who stopped their trips to Ming China? Answer: the Tibetan lamas Question: Who was the Grand Secretary under Jiajing? Answer: Yang Tinghe Question: Who broke the eunuch influence at court? Answer: Yang Tinghe
Context: On 15 October 1969, while paying a visit to the northern town of Las Anod, Somalia's then President Abdirashid Ali Shermarke was shot dead by one of his own bodyguards. His assassination was quickly followed by a military coup d'état on 21 October 1969 (the day after his funeral), in which the Somali Army seized power without encountering armed opposition — essentially a bloodless takeover. The putsch was spearheaded by Major General Mohamed Siad Barre, who at the time commanded the army. Question: On what date was Abdirashid Ali Shermarke assassinated? Answer: 15 October 1969 Question: Who assassinated Abdirashid Ali Shermarke? Answer: one of his own bodyguards Question: On what day, the day after the funeral of Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, did a coup occur? Answer: 21 October 1969 Question: Who was the commander of the army when the coup occurred? Answer: Mohamed Siad Barre Question: What was Mohamed Siad Barre's rank? Answer: Major General
Context: On the eastern front, progress was very slow. The Russian army was heavily dependent upon its main magazines in Poland, and the Prussian army launched several successful raids against them. One of them, led by general Platen in September resulted in the loss of 2,000 Russians, mostly captured, and the destruction of 5,000 wagons. Deprived of men, the Prussians had to resort to this new sort of warfare, raiding, to delay the advance of their enemies. Nonetheless, at the end of the year, they suffered two critical setbacks. The Russians under Zakhar Chernyshev and Pyotr Rumyantsev stormed Kolberg in Pomerania, while the Austrians captured Schweidnitz. The loss of Kolberg cost Prussia its last port on the Baltic Sea. In Britain, it was speculated that a total Prussian collapse was now imminent. Question: How did the Prussians slow the advance of the Russians? Answer: the Prussian army launched several successful raids against them Question: What was the size of one of the Prussian victories against the Russians? Answer: . One of them, led by general Platen in September resulted in the loss of 2,000 Russians, mostly captured, and the destruction of 5,000 wagons Question: Identify a major Prussian loss to the Russians Answer: Russians under Zakhar Chernyshev and Pyotr Rumyantsev stormed Kolberg in Pomerania Question: identify a major Prussian loss to the Austrians. Answer: the Austrians captured Schweidnitz. Question: What was the concern about Prussia in Britain? Answer: . In Britain, it was speculated that a total Prussian collapse was now imminent.
Context: In 1976, Walter Fiers at the University of Ghent (Belgium) was the first to establish the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA-genome (Bacteriophage MS2). The next year Fred Sanger completed the first DNA-genome sequence: Phage Φ-X174, of 5386 base pairs. The first complete genome sequences among all three domains of life were released within a short period during the mid-1990s: The first bacterial genome to be sequenced was that of Haemophilus influenzae, completed by a team at The Institute for Genomic Research in 1995. A few months later, the first eukaryotic genome was completed, with sequences of the 16 chromosomes of budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae published as the result of a European-led effort begun in the mid-1980s. The first genome sequence for an archaeon, Methanococcus jannaschii, was completed in 1996, again by The Institute for Genomic Research. Question: Who was the first person to sequence a viral genome? Answer: Walter Fiers Question: Which viral genome did Fiers sequence? Answer: Bacteriophage MS2 Question: Who was first to sequence a DNA-based genome? Answer: Fred Sanger Question: What organization first sequenced a bacterial genome? Answer: Institute for Genomic Research Question: In what year was the archaeon genome sequenced? Answer: 1996 Question: In what year did Fred Sanger first establish the complete nucleotide sequence of a viral RNA genome? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was The Institute for Genome Research founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Walter Fiers complete in 1996? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Fred Sanger complete when part of a team in 1995? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the first bacterial genome sequenced by Fred Sanger in 1995? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: China Mobile had more than 2,300 base stations suspended due to power disruption or severe telecommunication traffic congestion. Half of the wireless communications were lost in the Sichuan province. China Unicom's service in Wenchuan and four nearby counties was cut off, with more than 700 towers suspended. Question: How many base stations did China Mobile have suspended? Answer: 2,300 Question: How many Unicom towers were suspended? Answer: more than 700 Question: How many China Mobile base stations stopped working? Answer: 2,300 Question: Besides power disruption, what caused telecommunications to be suspended? Answer: traffic congestion Question: How many wireless communications failed in Sichuan? Answer: Half Question: Whose service in Wenchuan was cut off? Answer: China Unicom Question: How many of China Unicom's towers were cut? Answer: 700
Context: In 1965, Pope Paul VI decreed in his motu proprio Ad Purpuratorum Patrum that patriarchs of the Eastern Catholic Churches who were named cardinals (i.e., patriarch cardinals) would also be part of the episcopal order, ranking after the six cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees (who had been relieved of direct responsibilities for those sees by Pope John XXIII three years earlier). Patriarch cardinals do not receive title of a suburbicarian see, and as such they cannot elect the dean or become dean. There are currently three Eastern Patriarchs who are cardinal bishops: Question: Patriarch cardinals are not given what title? Answer: a suburbicarian see Question: What did Pope Paul VI decree in 1965 about the patriarchs of the Western Catholic Churches? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who ranked after the seven cardinal bishops of the suburbicarian sees? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What title did patriarch cardinals receive? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Western Patriarchs are currently cardinal bishops? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who can elect the dean or become dean? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Disease can arise if the host's protective immune mechanisms are compromised and the organism inflicts damage on the host. Microorganisms can cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of toxins or destructive enzymes. For example, Clostridium tetani releases a toxin that paralyzes muscles, and staphylococcus releases toxins that produce shock and sepsis. Not all infectious agents cause disease in all hosts. For example, less than 5% of individuals infected with polio develop disease. On the other hand, some infectious agents are highly virulent. The prion causing mad cow disease and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease invariably kills all animals and people that are infected. Question: Disease can arise when an organism inflicts what on the host? Answer: damage Question: What can a microorganism cause tissue damage by releasing a variety of? Answer: toxins Question: What does the of toxin Clostridium tetani releases do? Answer: paralyzes muscles Question: What releases toxins which product shock and sepsis? Answer: staphylococcus Question: What percentage of people infected with polio develop disease? Answer: less than 5% Question: When an organism prevents what from the host a disease can arise? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can a microorganism repair tissue damage by releasing a variety of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the toxin Clostridium tetani release help avoid? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What releases toxins which produce joy and euphoria? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What disease similarly to Creutzfeldt–Jakob has never resulted in death? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Since 1066, when Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror were crowned, the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held there. There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100. Two were of reigning monarchs (Henry I and Richard II), although, before 1919, there had been none for some 500 years. Question: Who were the first monarchs crowned at Westminster Abbey? Answer: Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror Question: Since when have coronations been held at Westminster Abbey? Answer: 1066 Question: How many royal weddings have occurred at the abbey? Answer: 16 Question: Which two reigning monarchs had weddings at the abbey? Answer: Henry I and Richard II Question: When did royal weddings begin at the church? Answer: 1100 Question: Who were the last monarchs crowned at Westminster Abbey? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Since when haven't coronations been held at Westminster Abbey? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many royal weddings haven't occurred at the abbey? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which two reigning monarchs had funerals at the abbey? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did royal weddings end at the church? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Before World War II, Guam and three other territories – American Samoa, Hawaii, and the Philippines – were the only American jurisdictions in the Pacific Ocean. On December 7, 1941, hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Guam was captured by the Japanese, and was occupied for thirty months. During the occupation, Guamanians were subjected to culture alignment, forced labor, beheadings, rape, and torture. Guam endured hostilities when American forces recaptured the island on July 21, 1944; Liberation Day commemorates the victory. Since the 1960s, the economy is supported by two industries: tourism and the United States Armed Forces. Question: Along with Guam, which other territories were in the United States jurisdiction before WWII? Answer: American Samoa, Hawaii, and the Philippines Question: What was the date on the attack of Pearl Harbor? Answer: December 7, 1941 Question: What happened just after the attack on Peal Harbor? Answer: Guam was captured by the Japanese Question: How long did the Japanese occupation last? Answer: thirty months Question: In what year did the US acquire American Samoa? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did the US acquire the Philippines? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did the United States Armed Forces establish their first base on Guam? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date did World War II start? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On March 4, 1989, the Memorial Society, committed to honoring the victims of Stalinism and cleansing society of Soviet practices, was founded in Kiev. A public rally was held the next day. On March 12, A pre-election meeting organized in Lviv by the Ukrainian Helsinki Union and the Marian Society Myloserdia (Compassion) was violently dispersed, and nearly 300 people were detained. On March 26, elections were held to the union Congress of People's Deputies; by-elections were held on April 9, May 14, and May 21. Among the 225 Ukrainian deputies, most were conservatives, though a handful of progressives made the cut. Question: What ideology's victims were being honored by the Memorial Society? Answer: Stalinism Question: How many people from the pre-election meeting in Lviv were detained? Answer: nearly 300 Question: Members of what ideology were more heavily elected to the union Congress of People's Deputies? Answer: conservatives Question: How many deputies were elected? Answer: 225
Context: Hebrew is the liturgical language of Judaism (termed lashon ha-kodesh, "the holy tongue"), the language in which most of the Hebrew scriptures (Tanakh) were composed, and the daily speech of the Jewish people for centuries. By the 5th century BCE, Aramaic, a closely related tongue, joined Hebrew as the spoken language in Judea. By the 3rd century BCE, some Jews of the diaspora were speaking Greek. Others, such as in the Jewish communities of Babylonia, were speaking Hebrew and Aramaic, the languages of the Babylonian Talmud. These languages were also used by the Jews of Israel at that time.[citation needed] Question: What is the liturgical language of Judaism? Answer: Hebrew Question: What is also termed lason ha-kodesh, "the holy tongue?" Answer: Hebrew Question: What are the Hebrew scriptures called? Answer: Tanakh Question: What are the two languages of the Babylonian Talmud? Answer: Hebrew and Aramaic Question: What is a closely related tongue to Hebrew? Answer: Aramaic Question: What is Judaism termed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language did the Jews never speak? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Jews spoke Greek before the 3rd century BCE? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language was the Babylonian Talmud not written in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language did the Jews of Israel not use at that time? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The nonprofit landscape is highly varied, although many people have come to associate NPOs with charitable organizations. Although charities do comprise an often high profile or visible aspect of the sector, there are many other types of nonprofits. Overall, they tend to be either member-serving or community-serving. Member-serving organizations include mutual societies, cooperatives, trade unions, credit unions, industry associations, sports clubs, retired serviceman's clubs and peak bodies – organizations that benefit a particular group of people i.e. the members of the organization. Typically, community-serving organizations are focused on providing services to the community in general, either globally or locally: organizations delivering human services programs or projects, aid and development programs, medical research, education and health services, and so on. It could be argued many nonprofits sit across both camps, at least in terms of the impact they make. For example, the grassroots support group that provides a lifeline to those with a particular condition or disease could be deemed to be serving both its members (by directly supporting them) and the broader community (through the provision of a helping service for fellow citizens). Question: What types of organizations are NPOs usually associated with? Answer: charitable Question: Who does an NPO usually serve? Answer: member-serving or community-serving Question: What do NPOs that center around community usually focus on? Answer: providing services to the community in general, either globally or locally Question: What are member serving NPOs really focused on? Answer: by directly supporting them Question: What are community serving NPOs focused on? Answer: a helping service for fellow citizens Question: What have people come to associate the broader community with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What elements make up human service programs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the two main types of health services? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How do credit unions serve the community? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How does medical research benefit credit unions? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: "New Labour" was first termed as an alternative branding for the Labour Party, dating from a conference slogan first used by the Labour Party in 1994, which was later seen in a draft manifesto published by the party in 1996, called New Labour, New Life For Britain. It was a continuation of the trend that had begun under the leadership of Neil Kinnock. "New Labour" as a name has no official status, but remains in common use to distinguish modernisers from those holding to more traditional positions, normally referred to as "Old Labour". Question: What was the other name for the Labout Party? Answer: "New Labour" Question: When was this branding first used? Answer: 1994 Question: When did Labour publish a new draft manifesto? Answer: 1996 Question: What was this manifesto called? Answer: New Labour, New Life For Britain Question: What was an alternate branding for the Conservative Party? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the term New Labour last used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who ended the New Labour trend? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What publication was the term New Labour never used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What status does the name "old Labour" have? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Serious financial damage has been caused by security breaches, but because there is no standard model for estimating the cost of an incident, the only data available is that which is made public by the organizations involved. "Several computer security consulting firms produce estimates of total worldwide losses attributable to virus and worm attacks and to hostile digital acts in general. The 2003 loss estimates by these firms range from $13 billion (worms and viruses only) to $226 billion (for all forms of covert attacks). The reliability of these estimates is often challenged; the underlying methodology is basically anecdotal." Question: What has caused serious financial damage? Answer: security breaches Question: Data made public who is available to estimate the cost of an incident? Answer: the organizations involved Question: What is the amount of losses estimated from worms and viruses in 2003? Answer: $13 billion Question: Who produces estimates of worldwide losses attributable to security breaches? Answer: Several computer security consulting firms Question: What is the underlying methodology of finding worldwide estimates for losses fur to security breaches? Answer: basically anecdotal Question: What was the loss estimated for covert attacks in 2003? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What forms of attack were responsible for the loss? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What information is used to estimate the cost of the incident? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How wide-scale were the losses? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why is difficult to estimate loss in this situation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much did firms save in 2003 from preventing attacks? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the standard model for estimating the cost of a breach established? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What data is not made public when an organization is breached? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the minimum estimate of losses due to security breaches in the US in 2003? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why are loss estimates rarely challenged? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The most innovative period of Cubism was before 1914. After World War I, with the support given by the dealer Léonce Rosenberg, Cubism returned as a central issue for artists, and continued as such until the mid-1920s when its avant-garde status was rendered questionable by the emergence of geometric abstraction and Surrealism in Paris. Many Cubists, including Picasso, Braque, Gris, Léger, Gleizes, and Metzinger, while developing other styles, returned periodically to Cubism, even well after 1925. Cubism reemerged during the 1920s and the 1930s in the work of the American Stuart Davis and the Englishman Ben Nicholson. In France, however, Cubism experienced a decline beginning in about 1925. Léonce Rosenberg exhibited not only the artists stranded by Kahnweiler’s exile but others including Laurens, Lipchitz, Metzinger, Gleizes, Csaky, Herbin and Severini. In 1918 Rosenberg presented a series of Cubist exhibitions at his Galerie de l’Effort Moderne in Paris. Attempts were made by Louis Vauxcelles to claim that Cubism was dead, but these exhibitions, along with a well-organized Cubist show at the 1920 Salon des Indépendants and a revival of the Salon de la Section d’Or in the same year, demonstrated it was still alive. Question: Before what year was Cubism considered the most innovative? Answer: 1914 Question: With the assistance of what dealer did Cubism return as a central consideration for artists after World War I? Answer: Léonce Rosenberg Question: In what year did Rosenberg exhibit Cubist works at Galerie de l’Effort Moderne? Answer: 1918 Question: In which city did Galerie de l’Effort Moderne take place? Answer: Paris Question: Before what year was Cubism considered the least innovative? Answer: Unanswerable Question: With the assistance of what dealer did Cubism return as a central consideration for artists after World War II? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did not decline in 1925? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Rosenberg refuse to exhibit Cubist works at Galerie de l’Effort Moderne? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which city was Galerie de l’Effort Moderne banned from? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the following year, Bell became professor of Vocal Physiology and Elocution at the Boston University School of Oratory. During this period, he alternated between Boston and Brantford, spending summers in his Canadian home. At Boston University, Bell was "swept up" by the excitement engendered by the many scientists and inventors residing in the city. He continued his research in sound and endeavored to find a way to transmit musical notes and articulate speech, but although absorbed by his experiments, he found it difficult to devote enough time to experimentation. While days and evenings were occupied by his teaching and private classes, Bell began to stay awake late into the night, running experiment after experiment in rented facilities at his boarding house. Keeping "night owl" hours, he worried that his work would be discovered and took great pains to lock up his notebooks and laboratory equipment. Bell had a specially made table where he could place his notes and equipment inside a locking cover. Worse still, his health deteriorated as he suffered severe headaches. Returning to Boston in fall 1873, Bell made a fateful decision to concentrate on his experiments in sound. Question: With what school did Bell get his next teaching job? Answer: Boston University School of Oratory. Question: What was Bell's discipline? Answer: Vocal Physiology and Elocution Question: What did Bell do late at night? Answer: experiments Question: What health condition did Bell start to have? Answer: headaches Question: In what year did Bell start to focus on research into sound? Answer: 1873
Context: The town was sacked in 1338 by French, Genoese and Monegasque ships (under Charles Grimaldi, who used the plunder to help found the principality of Monaco). On visiting Southampton in 1339, Edward III ordered that walls be built to 'close the town'. The extensive rebuilding—part of the walls dates from 1175—culminated in the completion of the western walls in 1380. Roughly half of the walls, 13 of the original towers, and six gates survive. Question: Who led the invasion of Southampton in the 14th century by the French and others? Answer: Charles Grimaldi Question: What principality did Grimaldi set up with the profits from plundering Southampton? Answer: Monaco Question: What year did Edward III show up in Southampton and tell them to build walls? Answer: 1339 Question: How many of the original towers from Southampton's walls are still standing? Answer: 13 Question: The oldest section of the original wall around the town dates from what year? Answer: 1175
Context: Load testing is primarily concerned with testing that the system can continue to operate under a specific load, whether that be large quantities of data or a large number of users. This is generally referred to as software scalability. The related load testing activity of when performed as a non-functional activity is often referred to as endurance testing. Volume testing is a way to test software functions even when certain components (for example a file or database) increase radically in size. Stress testing is a way to test reliability under unexpected or rare workloads. Stability testing (often referred to as load or endurance testing) checks to see if the software can continuously function well in or above an acceptable period. Question: What method is used to test software under a specific load? Answer: Load testing Question: What two methods can be used when using Load Testing? Answer: data or a large number of users Question: What is called to test software functions when certain components increase in side? Answer: Volume testing Question: What is Stable testing also called? Answer: endurance testing Question: What method is used to test components under unexpected workloads? Answer: Stress testing Question: What method is used to test firmware under a specific load? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two methods cannot be used when using Load Testing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Volume Testing is a way to test firmware when? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Testing reliability under expected or rare workload is called what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the 1988–89 school year, 301 students per 10,000 population were in specialized secondary or higher education, a figure slightly lower than the Soviet average. In 1989 some 58% of Armenians over age fifteen had completed their secondary education, and 14% had a higher education. In the 1990–91 school year, the estimated 1,307 primary and secondary schools were attended by 608,800 students. Another seventy specialized secondary institutions had 45,900 students, and 68,400 students were enrolled in a total of ten postsecondary institutions that included universities. In addition, 35% of eligible children attended preschools. In 1992 Armenia's largest institution of higher learning, Yerevan State University, had eighteen departments, including ones for social sciences, sciences, and law. Its faculty numbered about 1,300 teachers and its student population about 10,000 students. The National Polytechnic University of Armenia is operating since 1933. Question: What percent of Armenian children go to preschool? Answer: 35% Question: What is Armenia's biggest University? Answer: Yerevan State University Question: When did the National Polytechnic University of Armenia open? Answer: 1933 Question: How many students did Yerevan State University have in 1992? Answer: 10,000 Question: How many teachers did Yerevan State University have in 1992? Answer: 1,300
Context: SC Bern is the major ice hockey team of Bern who plays at the PostFinance Arena. The team has ranked highest in attendance for a European hockey team for more than a decade. The PostFinance Arena was the main host of the 2009 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship, including the opening game and the final of the tournament. Question: What is the major hockey league team of Bern? Answer: SC Bern Question: Where do they play? Answer: PostFinance Arena Question: What year was the IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship held in Bern? Answer: 2009
Context: The only words of Jesus on the cross in the Mark and Matthew accounts, this is a quotation of Psalm 22. Since other verses of the same Psalm are cited in the crucifixion accounts, it is often considered a literary and theological creation. Geza Vermes, however, points out that the verse is cited in Aramaic rather than the Hebrew in which it usually would have been recited, and suggests that by the time of Jesus, this phrase had become a proverbial saying in common usage. Compared to the accounts in the other Gospels, which he describes as 'theologically correct and reassuring', he considers this phrase 'unexpected, disquieting and in consequence more probable'. He describes it as bearing 'all the appearances of a genuine cry'. Raymond Brown likewise comments that he finds 'no persuasive argument against attributing to the Jesus of Mark/Matt the literal sentiment of feeling forsaken expressed in the Psalm quote'. Question: What Psalm gives the words of Jesus on the cross? Answer: Psalm 22 Question: What contradiction is found in this Psalm? Answer: verse is cited in Aramaic rather than the Hebrew Question: What was the psalm said to be in Jesus' time? Answer: a proverbial saying in common usage Question: How do the other gospels describe Jesus' last words? Answer: theologically correct and reassuring Question: How does the sentence appear to historians? Answer: a genuine cry Question: What kind of writing did Geza Vermes usually produce? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language did Geza Vermes study while in school? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language was learned by Geza Vermes when he was a child? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did Raymond Brown describe the effect Jesus had on society? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Does Geza Vermes believe that there is a valid argument against the existence of Jesus? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: South Slavic historically formed a dialect continuum, i.e. each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance. However, migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans have caused large-scale population displacement that broke the dialect continuum into many geographical pockets. Migrations in the 20th century, primarily caused by urbanization and wars, also contributed to the reduction of dialectal differences. Question: What is a dialect continuum? Answer: each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance. Question: What caused the dialect continuum to become fractured? Answer: migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans Question: Contrary to the 16th and 18th centuries, what caused migrations in the 20th century? Answer: urbanization and wars Question: What did the spread of the Ottoman Empire in the 20th century contribute to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are two characteristics of urbanization? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Balkans create historically? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did wars cause from the 16th to 18th centuries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What broke urbanization into many geographical pockets? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: New domestic housing in many parts of the world today is commonly made from timber-framed construction. Engineered wood products are becoming a bigger part of the construction industry. They may be used in both residential and commercial buildings as structural and aesthetic materials. Question: What type of construction is often used now to build homes in much of the world? Answer: timber-framed Question: In addition to residential applications, what type of buildings often have engineered wood components? Answer: commercial Question: Along with decorative components, what type of building materials can be engineered from wood? Answer: structural Question: What industry benefits greatly from engineered wood products? Answer: construction
Context: Differences in the settlement patterns of eastern and western North Carolina, or the Low Country and uplands, affected the political, economic, and social life of the state from the 18th until the 20th century. The Tidewater in eastern North Carolina was settled chiefly by immigrants from rural England and the Scottish Highlands. The upcountry of western North Carolina was settled chiefly by Scots-Irish, English, and German Protestants, the so-called "cohee". Arriving during the mid- to late 18th century, the Scots-Irish from what is today Northern Ireland were the largest non-English immigrant group before the Revolution; English indentured servants were overwhelmingly the largest immigrant group before the Revolution. During the American Revolutionary War, the English and Highland Scots of eastern North Carolina tended to remain loyal to the British Crown, because of longstanding business and personal connections with Great Britain. The English, Welsh, Scots-Irish, and German settlers of western North Carolina tended to favor American independence from Britain. Question: Eastern North Carolina is also known as what? Answer: Low Country Question: Western North carolina is also known as what? Answer: uplands Question: Where was The Tidewater located? Answer: eastern North Carolina Question: Where did immigrants from England and the Scottish Highlands settle? Answer: The Tidewater Question: Who did the Tidewater settlers remain loyal to during the American revolution? Answer: the British Crown
Context: A physical USB device may consist of several logical sub-devices that are referred to as device functions. A single device may provide several functions, for example, a webcam (video device function) with a built-in microphone (audio device function). This kind of device is called a composite device. An alternative to this is compound device, in which the host assigns each logical device a distinctive address and all logical devices connect to a built-in hub that connects to the physical USB cable. Question: What are logical sub-devices referred to as? Answer: device functions Question: A single device can provide an audio device function such as? Answer: built-in microphone Question: A single device can provide a video device function such as? Answer: a webcam
Context: Somerset has 11,500 listed buildings, 523 scheduled monuments, 192 conservation areas, 41 parks and gardens including those at Barrington Court, Holnicote Estate, Prior Park Landscape Garden and Tintinhull Garden, 36 English Heritage sites and 19 National Trust sites, including Clevedon Court, Fyne Court, Montacute House and Tyntesfield as well as Stembridge Tower Mill, the last remaining thatched windmill in England. Other historic houses in the county which have remained in private ownership or used for other purposes include Halswell House and Marston Bigot. A key contribution of Somerset architecture is its medieval church towers. Jenkins writes, "These structures, with their buttresses, bell-opening tracery and crowns, rank with Nottinghamshire alabaster as England's finest contribution to medieval art." Question: How many listed buildings in Somerset Answer: Somerset has 11,500 listed buildings Question: How many monuments on Somerset Answer: 523 scheduled monuments Question: What is a key type of Architecture in Somerset Answer: its medieval church towers Question: Name some historic private houses in the county Answer: Halswell House and Marston Bigot. Question: What is the most visited park and garden in Somerset? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the biggest part in Somerset? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the most visited National Trust site in Somerset? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the largest National Trust site in Somerset? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the most valuable National Trust site in Somerset? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Because Czech uses grammatical case to convey word function in a sentence (instead of relying on word order, as English does), its word order is flexible. As a pro-drop language, in Czech an intransitive sentence can consist of only a verb; information about its subject is encoded in the verb. Enclitics (primarily auxiliary verbs and pronouns) must appear in the second syntactic slot of a sentence, after the first stressed unit. The first slot must contain a subject and object, a main form of a verb, an adverb or a conjunction (except for the light conjunctions a, "and", i, "and even" or ale, "but"). Question: Czech's word order is flexible because it uses what to convey word function in a sentence? Answer: grammatical case Question: In Czech an intransitive sentence may consist of only what? Answer: a verb Question: What is encoded about a subject in verbs in Czech? Answer: information Question: What is a hard to pronounce and remember term meaning primarily auxiliary verbs and pronouns? Answer: Enclitics Question: Where must enclitics appear in a sentence? Answer: second syntactic slot Question: What can an intransitive sentence consist only of in English? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is information about a sentence subject in English? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another word for word order? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where must enclitics appear in an English sentence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What appears before the enclitics in an English sentence? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: When the board has no embedded components it is more correctly called a printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring board. However, the term printed wiring board has fallen into disuse. A PCB populated with electronic components is called a printed circuit assembly (PCA), printed circuit board assembly or PCB assembly (PCBA). The IPC preferred term for assembled boards is circuit card assembly (CCA), and for assembled backplanes it is backplane assemblies. The term PCB is used informally both for bare and assembled boards. Question: What's the more appropriate, but mostly unused, name for a printed circuit board when it doesn't have embedded components? Answer: printed wiring board Question: What's the abbreviation for a printed wiring board? Answer: PWB Question: What would we call a printed circuit board with embedded electronics, abbreviated PCA? Answer: printed circuit assembly Question: What organization likes the term "circuit card assembly" for boards that have already been assembled? Answer: IPC Question: What abbreviation would the IPC use for an assembled circuit board? Answer: CCA Question: When the board has embedded components it is called what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A painted wiring board can also be called what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The term painted wiring board has fallen into what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The IPC preferred term for assembled bags is what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The IPC preferred term for assembled backplates is what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Another big impetus for the evolution of the AC radio format was the popularity of easy listening or "beautiful music" stations, stations with music specifically designed to be purely ambient. Whereas most easy listening music was instrumental, created by relatively unknown artists, and rarely purchased, AC was an attempt to create a similar "lite" format by choosing certain tracks (both hit singles and album cuts) of popular artists. Question: What was another term for easy listening stations? Answer: beautiful music Question: Easy listening was predominately what type of music? Answer: instrumental Question: What types of tracks from popular artists did adult contemporary radio play? Answer: hit singles and album cuts Question: What type of format were adult contemporary and easy listening stations meant to share? Answer: lite
Context: The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period. An Estonian grammar book to be used by priests was printed in German in 1637. The New Testament was translated into southern Estonian in 1686 (northern Estonian, 1715). The two languages were united based on northern Estonian by Anton thor Helle. Question: What two people are responsible for the first still in existence book in the Estonian Language? Answer: S. Wanradt and J. Koell Question: In what year was S. Wanradt and J. Koell's book written? Answer: 1535 Question: What type of book was it? Answer: bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism Question: What book specifically for the use of priests was printed in Estonian? Answer: An Estonian grammar book Question: What year was the priests' grammar book put into print? Answer: 1637 Question: Who wrote the last Estonian book? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What book was published in Eastern Estonia in 1715? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What book was not used by priests in 1637? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote in Eastern Estonian? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote the grammar book in 1637? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In Commonwealth realms other than the UK, royal assent is granted or withheld either by the realm's sovereign or, more frequently, by the representative of the sovereign, the governor-general. In federated realms, assent in each state, province, or territory is granted or withheld by the representatives of the sovereign. In Australia, this is the governors of the states, administrators of the territories, or the governor-general in the Australian Capital Territory. For Canada, this is the lieutenant governors of the provinces. A lieutenant governor may defer assent to the governor general, and the governor general may defer assent to federal bills to the sovereign. Question: In Commonwealth realms, who is the representative of the sovereign? Answer: the governor-general Question: Who grants royal assent in Canada? Answer: lieutenant governors of the provinces Question: In Canada, who is authorized to defer assent and to whom? Answer: A lieutenant governor may defer assent to the governor general, and the governor general may defer assent to federal bills to the sovereign. Question: Who grants the royal assent in Commonwealth nations other than the UK? Answer: by the realm's sovereign or, more frequently, by the representative of the sovereign Question: The representative of the sovereign in America is whom? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The representative of the sovereign in Chile is whom? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The realm's sovereign grants or withholds regal what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A vice lieutenant governor may defer what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1991, several manufacturers announced specifications for what would become known as MUSE LaserDisc, representing a span of almost 15 years until the feats of this HD analog optical disc system would finally be duplicated digitally by HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc. Encoded using NHK's MUSE "Hi-Vision" analogue TV system, MUSE discs would operate like standard LaserDiscs but would contain high-definition 1,125-line (1,035 visible lines) (Sony HDVS) video with a 5:3 aspect ratio. The MUSE players were also capable of playing standard NTSC format discs and are superior in performance to non-MUSE players even with these NTSC discs. The MUSE-capable players had several noteworthy advantages over standard LaserDisc players, including a red laser with a much narrower wavelength than the lasers found in standard players. The red laser was capable of reading through disc defects such as scratches and even mild disc rot that would cause most other players to stop, stutter or drop-out. Crosstalk was not an issue with MUSE discs, and the narrow wavelength of the laser allowed for the virtual elimination of crosstalk with normal discs. Question: With what operating ratio would MUSE Discs operate? Answer: 5:3 Question: What benefits did the MUSE narrow wavelength red laser have? Answer: capable of reading through disc defects such as scratches and even mild disc rot that would cause most other players to stop, stutter or drop-out Question: In addition to scratches and rot, what other common LaserDisc issue was to be eliminated by MUSE discs? Answer: Crosstalk Question: How many years did it take Blu-ray and HD-DVD players to duplicate MUSE technology? Answer: almost 15 years
Context: Unlike all other British Government records, the records from the East India Company (and its successor the India Office) are not in The National Archives at Kew, London, but are held by the British Library in London as part of the Asia, Pacific and Africa Collections. The catalogue is searchable online in the Access to Archives catalogues. Many of the East India Company records are freely available online under an agreement that the Families in British India Society has with the British Library. Published catalogues exist of East India Company ships' journals and logs, 1600–1834; and of some of the Company's daughter institutions, including the East India Company College, Haileybury, and Addiscombe Military Seminary. Question: Where are the records of the EIC housed today? Answer: British Library in London Question: Where are the British government's records houseed today? Answer: The National Archives at Kew Question: Are you able to search most of the records online today? Answer: The catalogue is searchable online in the Access to Archives catalogues Question: Where were the records of the EIC lost in a fire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are the British government's records destroyed today? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which government no longer keeps records? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What records are expensive to access online? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What company lost all records between 1600–1834? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Australian rules football and cricket are the most popular sports in Melbourne. It is considered the spiritual home of the two sports in Australia. The first official Test cricket match was played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in March 1877. The origins of Australian rules football can be traced to matches played next to the MCG in 1858. The Australian Football League is headquartered at Docklands Stadium. Nine of the League's teams are based in the Melbourne metropolitan area: Carlton, Collingwood, Essendon, Hawthorn, Melbourne, North Melbourne, Richmond, St Kilda, and Western Bulldogs. Up to five AFL matches are played each week in Melbourne, attracting an average 40,000 people per game. Additionally, the city annually hosts the AFL Grand Final. Question: What are the two most popular sports in Melbourne? Answer: Australian rules football and cricket Question: When was the first official Test cricket match played at the Melbourne Cricket Ground? Answer: March 1877 Question: Where is the Australian Football League headquartered? Answer: Docklands Stadium Question: How many of the Australian Football League's teams are based in the Melbourne metropolitan area? Answer: Nine Question: Up to how many AFL matches are played each week in Melbourne? Answer: five
Context: It was imperative for Japanese commanders to hold Saipan. The only way to do this was to destroy the U.S. Fifth Fleet, which had 15 fleet carriers and 956 planes, 7 battleships, 28 submarines, and 69 destroyers, as well as several light and heavy cruisers. Vice Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa attacked with nine-tenths of Japan's fighting fleet, which included nine carriers with 473 planes, 5 battleships, several cruisers, and 28 destroyers. Ozawa's pilots were outnumbered 2:1 and their aircraft were becoming or were already obsolete. The Japanese had considerable antiaircraft defenses but lacked proximity fuzes or good radar. With the odds against him, Ozawa devised an appropriate strategy. His planes had greater range because they were not weighed down with protective armor; they could attack at about 480 km (300 mi)[citation needed], and could search a radius of 900 km[citation needed] (560 mi). U.S. Navy Hellcat fighters could only attack within 200 miles (320 km) and only search within a 325-mile (523 km)[citation needed] radius. Ozawa planned to use this advantage by positioning his fleet 300 miles (480 km)[citation needed] out. The Japanese planes would hit the U.S. carriers, land at Guam to refuel, then hit the enemy again when returning to their carriers. Ozawa also counted on about 500 land-based planes at Guam and other islands. Question: What was it imperative for the Japanese to hold? Answer: Saipan Question: How many fleet carriers did the U.S. Fifth Fleet have? Answer: 15 Question: How many fleet planes did the U.S. Fifth Fleet have? Answer: 956 Question: What was the search radius of U.S. Navy Hellcat fighters? Answer: 325-mile Question: How many carriers did Ozawa have? Answer: nine
Context: Most birds can fly, which distinguishes them from almost all other vertebrate classes. Flight is the primary means of locomotion for most bird species and is used for breeding, feeding, and predator avoidance and escape. Birds have various adaptations for flight, including a lightweight skeleton, two large flight muscles, the pectoralis (which accounts for 15% of the total mass of the bird) and the supracoracoideus, as well as a modified forelimb (wing) that serves as an aerofoil. Wing shape and size generally determine a bird species' type of flight; many birds combine powered, flapping flight with less energy-intensive soaring flight. About 60 extant bird species are flightless, as were many extinct birds. Flightlessness often arises in birds on isolated islands, probably due to limited resources and the absence of land predators. Though flightless, penguins use similar musculature and movements to "fly" through the water, as do auks, shearwaters and dippers. Question: What distinguishes birds from almost all other vertebrate classes? Answer: Most birds can fly, Question: What is the primary means of locomotion for most bird species? Answer: Flight Question: How many large flight muscles do birds have? Answer: two Question: Pectoralis account for what percentage of total mass of a bird? Answer: 15% Question: Approximately how many extant bird species are flightless? Answer: 60
Context: The solution was automation, in the form of a mechanical computer, the Kerrison Predictor. Operators kept it pointed at the target, and the Predictor then calculated the proper aim point automatically and displayed it as a pointer mounted on the gun. The gun operators simply followed the pointer and loaded the shells. The Kerrison was fairly simple, but it pointed the way to future generations that incorporated radar, first for ranging and later for tracking. Similar predictor systems were introduced by Germany during the war, also adding radar ranging as the war progressed. Question: What was the name of the mechanical computer that used automation? Answer: the Kerrison Predictor Question: What did the Predictor calculate after it was pointed at a target? Answer: the proper aim point automatically Question: How did the Predictor display the information needed? Answer: as a pointer mounted on the gun Question: What two things did the operators of the gun have to do? Answer: followed the pointer and loaded the shells Question: What other country designed similar systems to the Predictor? Answer: Germany
Context: Raleigh is also served by Triangle Transit (known formerly as the Triangle Transit Authority, or TTA). Triangle Transit offers scheduled, fixed-route regional and commuter bus service between Raleigh and the region's other principal cities of Durham, Cary and Chapel Hill, as well as to and from the Raleigh-Durham International Airport, Research Triangle Park and several of the region's larger suburban communities. Triangle Transit also coordinates an extensive vanpool and rideshare program that serves the region's larger employers and commute destinations. Question: What was Triangle Transit called before? Answer: Triangle Transit Authority, Question: What does Triangle Transit offer? Answer: scheduled, fixed-route regional and commuter bus service Question: Where else does Triangle Transit go to? Answer: Raleigh-Durham International Airport, Research Triangle Park Question: Does Triangle Transit have a van service? Answer: Triangle Transit also coordinates an extensive vanpool Question: Are employers connected with Triangle Transit? Answer: rideshare program that serves the region's larger employers Question: What is the new name for Triangle Transit? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Triangle Transit not offer? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the square transit? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What doesn't go between Raleigh and other cities? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Motor systems are areas of the brain that are directly or indirectly involved in producing body movements, that is, in activating muscles. Except for the muscles that control the eye, which are driven by nuclei in the midbrain, all the voluntary muscles in the body are directly innervated by motor neurons in the spinal cord and hindbrain. Spinal motor neurons are controlled both by neural circuits intrinsic to the spinal cord, and by inputs that descend from the brain. The intrinsic spinal circuits implement many reflex responses, and contain pattern generators for rhythmic movements such as walking or swimming. The descending connections from the brain allow for more sophisticated control. Question: What part of the body is controlled by nuclei in the midbrain? Answer: the eye, Question: All the muscles controlled by motor neurons in the body are controlled by what? Answer: spinal cord and hindbrain
Context: Ethnic Russians constitute 25.5% of the country's current population and 58.6% of the native Estonian population is also able to speak Russian. In all, 67.8% of Estonia's population can speak Russian. Command of Russian language, however, is rapidly decreasing among younger Estonians (primarily being replaced by the command of English). For example, if 53% of ethnic Estonians between 15 and 19 claim to speak some Russian, then among the 10- to 14-year-old group, command of Russian has fallen to 19% (which is about one-third the percentage of those who claim to have command of English in the same age group). Question: How much of Estonia is ethnic Russians? Answer: 25.5% Question: How much of Estonia speaks Russian? Answer: 67.8% Question: What is the ratio of young Estonians who speak Russian relative to those who speak English? Answer: about one-third Question: How much of Estonia's native Estonians speaks Russian? Answer: 58.6% Question: What percentage of ethnic Russians speak English? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much of the native Estonian population speaks English? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is decreasing among ethnic Russians? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of Russians are between 15 and 19? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has the percentage of 10-14 year olds in Russia fallen to? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Based on fossil and biological evidence, most scientists accept that birds are a specialized subgroup of theropod dinosaurs, and more specifically, they are members of Maniraptora, a group of theropods which includes dromaeosaurs and oviraptorids, among others. As scientists have discovered more theropods closely related to birds, the previously clear distinction between non-birds and birds has become blurred. Recent discoveries in the Liaoning Province of northeast China, which demonstrate many small theropod feathered dinosaurs, contribute to this ambiguity. Question: What evidence leads most scientists to accept that birds are a specialized subgroup of theropod dinosaurs? Answer: fossil and biological evidence Question: What is a group of theropods which include dromaeosaurs and oviraptorids? Answer: Maniraptora Question: Recent discoveries in what country demonstrate many small theropod feathered dinosaurs. Answer: China
Context: Winter, and a deteriorating supply situation on both sides of troops and materiel, led to a halt in ground operations. Sevastopol remained invested by the allies, while the allied armies were hemmed in by the Russian army in the interior. On 14 November a storm sank thirty allied transport ships including HMS Prince which was carrying a cargo of winter clothing.:435 The storm and heavy traffic caused the road from the coast to the troops to disintegrate into a quagmire, requiring engineers to devote most of their time to its repair including quarrying stone. A tramroad was ordered. It arrived in January with a civilian engineering crew, however it was March before it was sufficiently advanced to be of any appreciable value.:439 An Electrical telegraph was also ordered, but the frozen ground delayed its installation until March, when communications from the base port of Balaklava to the British HQ was established. The Pipe-and-cable-laying plough failed because of the hard frozen soil, but even so 21 miles of cable were laid.:449 Question: What stopped ground operations during the winter? Answer: a deteriorating supply situation Question: What caused the HMS Prince to sink? Answer: a storm Question: What was the HMS Prince carrying when it sunk? Answer: a cargo of winter clothing Question: What arrived in January with an engineering crew? Answer: A tramroad Question: What caused the electrical telegraph to be delayed for some time? Answer: the frozen ground
Context: More recently, articles in various financial periodicals, most notably Forbes magazine, have pointed to Fidel Castro, General Secretary of the Republic of Cuba since 1959, of likely being the beneficiary of up to $900 million, based on "his control" of state-owned companies. Opponents of his regime claim that he has used money amassed through weapons sales, narcotics, international loans, and confiscation of private property to enrich himself and his political cronies who hold his dictatorship together, and that the $900 million published by Forbes is merely a portion of his assets, although that needs to be proven. Question: What magazine had articles about Castro benefiting from corruption? Answer: Forbes Question: The $900 million Forbes said Castro took may only be what of his total assets? Answer: a portion Question: What is Fidel Castro's official title? Answer: General Secretary of the Republic of Cuba
Context: North Carolina averages fewer than 20 tornadoes per year, many of them produced by hurricanes or tropical storms along the coastal plain. Tornadoes from thunderstorms are a risk, especially in the eastern part of the state. The western Piedmont is often protected by the mountains, which tend to break up storms as they try to cross over; the storms will often re-form farther east. Also a weather phenomenon known as "cold air damming" often occurs in the northwestern part of the state, which can also weaken storms but can also lead to major ice events in winter. Question: How many tornadoes does North Carolina have per year? Answer: fewer than 20 Question: Houuricanes and tropical stors can produce what across the coastal plain? Answer: tornadoes Question: What part of the state holds the highest risk for tornadoes? Answer: eastern Question: What protects the western piedmont from tornadoes? Answer: mountains Question: What weather phenomenom can weaken storms but cause major ice events in NW North Carolina? Answer: cold air damming
Context: A commutator is a mechanism used to switch the input of most DC machines and certain AC machines consisting of slip ring segments insulated from each other and from the electric motor's shaft. The motor's armature current is supplied through the stationary brushes in contact with the revolving commutator, which causes required current reversal and applies power to the machine in an optimal manner as the rotor rotates from pole to pole. In absence of such current reversal, the motor would brake to a stop. In light of significant advances in the past few decades due to improved technologies in electronic controller, sensorless control, induction motor, and permanent magnet motor fields, electromechanically commutated motors are increasingly being displaced by externally commutated induction and permanent-magnet motors. Question: What would a rotor do without current reversal? Answer: brake to a stop Question: What switches the input of most DC motors? Answer: commutator Question: From where is current to the motor supplied? Answer: stationary brushes Question: What two motor types are ascendant today? Answer: externally commutated induction and permanent-magnet Question: What would a rotor do with current reversal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What switches the output of most DC motors? Answer: Unanswerable Question: From where is current to the motor not supplied? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two motor types are descendant today? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Wilson's government was responsible for a number of sweeping social and educational reforms under the leadership of Home Secretary Roy Jenkins such as the abolishment of the death penalty in 1964, the legalisation of abortion and homosexuality (initially only for men aged 21 or over, and only in England and Wales) in 1967 and the abolition of theatre censorship in 1968. Comprehensive education was expanded and the Open University created. However Wilson's government had inherited a large trade deficit that led to a currency crisis and ultimately a doomed attempt to stave off devaluation of the pound. Labour went on to lose the 1970 general election to the Conservatives under Edward Heath. Question: When was abortion criminalized in Britain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the death penalty introduced in Britain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was abolished in 1970? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What stopped a currency crisis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Labour win a general election? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Zinc chemistry is similar to the chemistry of the late first-row transition metals nickel and copper, though it has a filled d-shell, so its compounds are diamagnetic and mostly colorless. The ionic radii of zinc and magnesium happen to be nearly identical. Because of this some of their salts have the same crystal structure and in circumstances where ionic radius is a determining factor zinc and magnesium chemistries have much in common. Otherwise there is little similarity. Zinc tends to form bonds with a greater degree of covalency and it forms much more stable complexes with N- and S- donors. Complexes of zinc are mostly 4- or 6- coordinate although 5-coordinate complexes are known. Question: Because zinc has a filled d-shell, its compounds are usually what? Answer: diamagnetic and mostly colorless. Question: The ionic radii of what two elements are almost identical? Answer: zinc and magnesium Question: What is the determining factor where zinc and magnesium are very similar chemically? Answer: ionic radius Question: Whit what donors does zinc form stable complexes? Answer: N- and S- Question: What two elements have ionic radii that are exactly identical? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What donors does zinc disrupt stable complexes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the determining factor where zinc and magnesium are very different chemically? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why are the compounds of zinc very colorful? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The educational system of Myanmar is operated by the government agency, the Ministry of Education. The education system is based on the United Kingdom's system due to nearly a century of British and Christian presences in Myanmar. Nearly all schools are government-operated, but there has been a recent increase in privately funded English language schools. Schooling is compulsory until the end of elementary school, approximately about 9 years old, while the compulsory schooling age is 15 or 16 at international level. Question: Who runs the school system in Myanmar ? Answer: the Ministry of Education Question: What country is Burma to credit for its academic system ? Answer: United Kingdom's Question: Why is this country so influential to the Burma academics ? Answer: due to nearly a century of British and Christian presences in Myanmar. Question: Are there any alternatives to the public school system in Burma ? Answer: privately funded English language schoo Question: Are children required to go to school or can they choose to stay at home and work ? Answer: Schooling is compulsory until the end of elementary school