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ููู ุญุชูุ ูู ุนูุงุฏูุ ุญุชู ุฃููู ุชูุญูุช ู
ู ุฐูู ุงูุดุฆุ ุจุนุถ ุงูุฃููุงุช. | But even I, in my mulishness, even I have brushed up against that thing, at times. |
ูุณุฃุชุฎูู ุฃู ุงููุซูุฑูู ู
ููู
ูุฐูู ุชูุญูุง. | And I would imagine that a lot of you have too. |
ุชุนูู
ููุ ุญุชู ุฃู ูุฏู ุนู
ู ุฃู ููุฑุฉ ุชุฃุชููู ู
ู ู
ุตุฏุฑ ูุง ุฃุณุชุทูุน ุชุญุฏูุฏู ุจูู ุตุฑุงุญุฉ. | You know, even I have had work or ideas come through me from a source that I honestly cannot identify. |
ูู
ุง ูู ุฐูู ุงูุดุฆุ | And what is that thing? |
ูููู ูู
ูููุง ุฑุจุทู ุจุทุฑููุฉ ูู ุชุฌุนููุง ูููุฏ ุนููููุงุ ูููุ ูู ุงูุญูููุฉุ ุฑุจู
ุง ุชุจูููุง ุนุงููููุ | And how are we to relate to it in a way that will not make us lose our minds, but, in fact, might actually keep us sane? |
ูุจุงููุณุจุฉ ููุ ูุฃู ุฃูุถู ู
ุซุงู ู
ุนุงุตุฑ ูุฏูู ูููููุฉ ูุนู ุฐูู ูู ุงูู
ูุณููุงุฑ ุชูู
ูุงูุชุณุ ุงูุฐู ุฃุฌุฑูุช ู
ุนู ุนุฏุฉ ููุงุกุงุช ูุจู ุนุฏุฉ ุฃุนูุงู
ูู ุนู
ู ูุตุงูุญ ู
ุฌูุฉ. | And for me, the best contemporary example that I have of how to do that is the musician Tom Waits, who I got to interview several years ago on a magazine assignment. |
ูููุง ูุชุญุฏุซ ุญูู ูุฐุงุ ูุชุนูู
ููุ ูุงู ุชูู
ูู ู
ุนุธู
ุญูุงุชู ู
ุซุงูุงู ูุฌุณุฏ ุงูููุงู ุงูุนุตุฑู ุงูู
ุนุฐุจ ุ ูุญุงูู ุงูุณูุทุฑุฉ ูุชุฑุชูุจ ูุงูุชุญูู
ูู ูุฐู ุงูุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุงูุฅุจุฏุงุนูุฉ ุงูุชู ูุง ูู
ูู ุงูุณูุทุฑุฉ ุนูููุง ุงูุฏุงุฎููุฉ ุชู
ุงู
ุงู. | And we were talking about this, and you know, Tom, for most of his life, he was pretty much the embodiment of the tormented contemporary modern artist, trying to control and manage and dominate these sort of uncontrollable creative impulses that were totally internalized. |
ุซู
ุฃุตุจุญ ู
ุณูุงูุ ุฃุตุจุญ ุฃูุซุฑ ูุฏูุกุงุ ููู ุฃุญุฏ ุงูุฃูุงู
ุจููู
ุง ูููุฏ ุณูุงุฑุชู ูู ุงูุทุฑูู ุงูุณุฑูุน ูู ููุณ ุฃูุฌููุณ ูู
ุง ุฃุฎุจุฑููุ ูุฐูู ุนูุฏู
ุง ุชุญููู ูู ุดุฆ ุจุงููุณุจุฉ ูู. | But then he got older, he got calmer, and one day he was driving down the freeway in Los Angeles, and this is when it all changed for him. |
ูุจููู
ุง ูู ู
ุณุฑุน ุ ู ูุฌุฃุฉ ูุณู
ุน ูุฐุง ุงูุฌุฒุก ุงูุตุบูุฑุฉ ููุญู ุ ุงูุฐู ูุฃุชู ูุฏู
ุงุบู ู ุฅููุงู
ูุฃุชู ุฏุงุฆู
ุงูุ ุจุนูุฏ ุงูู
ูุงู ูุงูุฅุซุงุฑุฉุ ููู ูุฑูุฏูุ ุชุนูู
ููุ ุฅูู ุฑุงุฆุน ููู ูุชูู ุฅูููุ ูููู ูุง ูุณุชุทูุน ุงูุญุตูู ุนููู. | And he's speeding along, and all of a sudden he hears this little fragment of melody, that comes into his head as inspiration often comes, elusive and tantalizing, and he wants it, it's gorgeous, and he longs for it, but he has no way to get it. |
ููุณ ูุฏูู ูุฑูุฉุ ููุณ ูุฏูู ููู
ุฑุตุงุตุ ููุณ ูุฏูู ู
ุณุฌู. | He doesn't have a piece of paper, or a pencil, or a tape recorder. |
ููุฐุง ูุดุนุฑ ุจูู ุงูููู ุงููุฏูู
ูุฏุจ ููู ู
ุซูุ " ุณุฃููุฏ ูุฐุง ุงูุดุฆุ ูุจุนุฏูุง ุณุฃุฏุฎู ูู ูุงุฌุณ ูุฐู ุงูุฃุบููุฉ ุฅูู ุงูุฃุจุฏ. | So he starts to feel all of that old anxiety start to rise in him like, "I'm going to lose this thing, and I'll be be haunted by this song forever. |
ุฃูุง ูุณุช ุฌูุฏุงู ุจู
ุง ููููุ ูุง ุฃุณุชุทูุน ูุนู ุฐูู." | I'm not good enough, and I can't do it." |
ูุจุฏูุงู ู
ู ุงููุฑุนุ ูุงู
ุจุงูุชููู ููุท. | And instead of panicking, he just stopped. |
ููุฏ ุฃููู ูู ุชูู ุงูุนู
ููุฉ ุงูุนูููุฉ ููุงู
ุจุนู
ู ุดุฆ ุฌุฏูุฏ ุชู
ุงู
ุงู. | He just stopped that whole mental process and he did something completely novel. |
ููุฏ ูุธุฑ ุฅูู ุงูุณู
ุงุกุ ููุงูุ " ู
ู ูุถููุ ูู ูู
ููู ุฃู ูุง ุชุฑู ุฃููู ุฃููุฏุ" | He just looked up at the sky, and he said, "Excuse me, can you not see that I'm driving?" |
"ูู ุฃุจุฏู ู
ุซู ุงูุฐู ูุณุชุทูุน ูุชุงุจุฉ ุฃุบููุฉ ุญุงููุงูุ | "Do I look like I can write down a song right now? |
ุฅุฐุง ููุช ูุนูุงู ุชุฑุบุจู ูู ุงูุธููุฑุ ุนูุฏู ูู ูุญุธุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู ู
ูุงุชูุฉ ุญููู
ุง ุฃุณุชุทูุน ุงูุนูุงูุฉ ุจู. | If you really want to exist, come back at a more opportune moment when I can take care of you. |
ูุฅูุงุ ูุฃุฐูุจู ูุฃุฒุนุฌู ุดุฎุตุงู ุขุฎุฑ ุงูููู
. | Otherwise, go bother somebody else today. |
ุฃุฐูุจู ูุฃุฒุนุฌู ููููุงุฑุฏ ููููู." | Go bother Leonard Cohen." |
ููุฏ ุชุบูุฑุช ูู ุนู
ููุชู ุจุนุฏ ุฐูู. | And his whole work process changed after that. |
ููุณ ุงูุนู
ูุ ูุงู ุงูุนู
ู ู
ุง ูุฒุงู ูู ู
ุนุธู
ุงูุฃููุงุช ู
ุธูู
ูู
ุง ูุงู. | Not the work, the work was still oftentimes as dark as ever. |
ููู ุงูุนู
ููุฉุ ูุงูููู ุงูุซููู ุญูููุง ุชู
ุงูุฅูุฑุงุฌ ุนูู ุนูุฏู
ุง ุฃุฎุฑุฌ ุงูู
ุงุฑุฏ ู
ูู ุญูุซ ูุงูุช ูุง ุชุณุจุจ ุฃู ุดุฆ ุณูู ุงูู
ุชุงุนุจุ ูุงูุฅูุฑุงุฌ ุนูู ููุนูุฏ ู
ู ุญูุซ ุฃุชูุ ูุฃุฏุฑู ุฃู ูุฐุง ูุง ูุฌุจ ุฃู ูุง ูููู ุนุฐุงุจุงู ุฏุงุฎููุงู. | But the process, and the heavy anxiety around it was released when he took the genie, the genius out of him where it was causing nothing but trouble, and released it back where it came from, and realized that this didn't have to be this internalized, tormented thing. |
ูุฏ ูููู ูุฐุง ุงูููุน ู
ู ุงูุชุนุงูู ุงูุดุงุฐ ุงูุนุฌูุจุ ููุน ู
ู ุงูู
ุญุงุฏุซุฉ ุจูู ุชูู
ูุงูุบุฑูุจุ ุดุฆ ุฎุงุฑุฌู ูู
ููู ูู ุชูู
. | It could be this peculiar, wondrous, bizarre collaboration, kind of conversation between Tom and the strange, external thing that was not quite Tom. |
ูุฐุง ูุนูุฏู
ุง ุณู
ุนุช ุชูู ุงููุตุฉ ุจุฏุฃุช ูู ุชุญููู ุงูุทุฑููุฉ ุงูุชู ุนู
ูุช ุจูุง ููููุงูุ ูููุฏ ุฃููุฐุชูู ุจุงููุนู ุฐุงุช ู
ุฑุฉ. | When I heard that story, it started to shift a little bit the way that I worked too, and this idea already saved me once. |
ุงูููุฑุฉ ูู ุฃููุง ุฃููุฐุชูู ุนูุฏู
ุง ููุช ูู ุฎุถู
ูุชุงุจุฉ " ููุ ุตููุ ูุญุจุ" ูููุฏ ููุนุช ูู ูุงุญุฏุฉ ู
ู ุชููุ ููุน ู
ู ุงููุฃุณ ุงูุฐู ููุน ููู ุนูุฏู
ุง ูุนู
ู ุนูู ุดุฆ ููุง ูุญุฏุซ ูุชุจุฏุฃ ูู ุงูุชูููุฑ ูู ุฃู ูุฐุง ุณููุชูู ุฅูู ู
ุตูุจุฉุ ุณูููู ูุฐุง ุฃุณูุฃ ูุชุงุจ ุฃูุชุจู ุนูู ุงูุฅุทูุงู. | It saved me when I was in the middle of writing "Eat, Pray, Love," and I fell into one of those sort of pits of despair that we all fall into when we're working on something and it's not coming and you start to think this is going to be a disaster, the worst book ever written. |
ููุณ ุณูุฆุงู ููุทุ ูููู ุงูุฃุณูุฃ ุนูู ุงูุฅุทูุงู. | Not just bad, but the worst book ever written. |
ูุจุฏุฃุช ุฃููุฑ ุฃู ุนูู ุชุฑู ูุฐุง ุงูู
ุดุฑูุน. | And I started to think I should just dump this project. |
ูููู ุญูููุง ุชุฐูุฑุช ุชูู
ููู ูุชุญุฏุซ ุนู ุงูุณู
ุงุก ุงูู
ุดุฑุนุฉ ูุญุงููุช ุฐูู. | But then I remembered Tom talking to the open air and I tried it. |
ุฅุฐุงู ูู
ุช ููุท ุจููุช ุฑุฃุณู ู
ู ุงููุต ููุฌูุช ุชุนูููุงุชู ุงูู ูุงุตูุฉ ุฎุงููุฉ ูู ุงูุบุฑูุฉ. | So I just lifted my face up from the manuscript and I directed my comments to an empty corner of the room. |
ูููุช ุจุตูุช ู
ุณู
ูุนุ " ุฃุณู
ุน ุฃูุชุ ุฃููุง ุงูุดุฆุ ุฃูุช ูุฃูุง ูุนุฑู ุฃู ูุฐุง ุงููุชุงุจ ููุณ ุฑุงุฆุนุงู ูุฐูู ููุณ ุฎุทุฆู ุจุงููุงู
ูุ ุตุญูุญุ | And I said aloud, "Listen you, thing, you and I both know that if this book isn't brilliant that is not entirely my fault, right? |
ูุฃูู ุชุฑู ุฃููู ุฃุถุน ูู ู
ุง ุฃู
ูู ุนูู ูุฐุง ุงูุดุฆุ ูููุณ ูุฏู ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู ูุฐุง. | Because you can see that I am putting everything I have into this, I don't have any more than this. |
ูุฐุง ุฅู ููุช ุชุฑุบุจ ูู ุชุญุณูููุ ุนูุฏูุง ูุฌุจ ุฃู ุชุธูุฑ ูุชูุนู ู
ุง ุนููู ู
ู ุงูุฅุชูุงู. | If you want it to be better, you've got to show up and do your part of the deal. |
ู
ูุงูู . ููู ุฅู ูู
ุชูุนู ุฐููุ ุฃุชุนุฑู ู
ุงุฐุงุ ุนููู ุงููุนูุฉ. | But if you don't do that, you know what, the hell with it. |
ุณุฃูุงุตู ุงููุชุงุจุฉ ุนูู ุฃู ุญุงู ูุฃู ูุฐุง ูู ุนู
ูู. | I'm going to keep writing anyway because that's my job. |
ูุณุฃูุฑุญ ู
ุซู ุงูุณุฌู ูุฃุจุฑุฒ ุงูููู
ุฃููู ูู
ุช ุจุงูุฌุฒุก ุงูุฐู ููููู ู
ู ุงูุนู
ู." | And I would please like the record to reflect today that I showed up for my part of the job." |
ูุฃููู -- ูู ุงูููุงูุฉ ุฅูู ู
ุซู ูุฐุงุ ู
ูุงูู -- ูุจู ูุฑูู ู
ุถุช ูู ุตุญุงุฑู ุดู
ุงู ุฃูุฑูููุงุ ูุงู ุงููุงุณ ูุชุฌู
ุนูู ูุฑูุตุงุช ุงููู
ุฑ ูุฐู ููุฑูุต ูุงูู
ูุณููู ุงูู
ูุฏุณุฉ ุงูุชู ุณุชุณุชู
ุฑ ูุณุงุนุงุช ูุณุงุนุงุชุ ุญุชู ุงููุฌุฑ. | Because -- Because in the end it's like this, OK -- centuries ago in the deserts of North Africa, people used to gather for these moonlight dances of sacred dance and music that would go on for hours and hours, until dawn. |
ูููุฏ ูุงููุง ุฏุงุฆู
ุงู ุฑุงุฆุนููุ ูุฃู ุงูุฑุงูุตูู ูุงููุง ู
ูุฑุฉ ููุฏ ูุงููุง ุฑุงุฆุนููุ ุฃููุณ ูุฐููุ | They were always magnificent, because the dancers were professionals and they were terrific, right? |
ููู ูู ุญุงูุงุช ูุงุฏุฑุฉ ููุบุงูุฉุ ุณูุญุฏุซ ุดุฆุ ูุฃุญุฏ ุฃุคูุฆู ุงูุนุงุฒููู ุณูุตุจุญ ูู ุงููุงูุน ูุงุฆู. | But every once in a while, very rarely, something would happen, and one of these performers would actually become transcendent. |
ูุฃุนูู
ุฃููู
ุชุนูู
ูู ู
ุง ุฃุชุญุฏุซ ุนููุ ูุฃูู ุฃุนุฑู ุฃู ุฌู
ูุนูู
ุฑุฃูุ ูู ูุญุธุฉ ู
ุง ู
ู ุญูุงุชูู
ุ ุฃุฏุฃ ู
ุซู ูุฐุง. | And I know you know what I'm talking about, because I know you've all seen, at some point in your life, a performance like this. |
ุฅูู ู
ุซู ุฃู ุงูููุช ุณูุชูููุ ูุงูุฑุงูุต ุณูุชูุฏู
ุนุจุฑ ุจูุงุจุฉ ููู ูุง ููุนู ุฃู ุดุฆ ู
ุฎุชูู ุนู
ุง ูุงู ููุนููุ ูุจู 1000 ูููุฉ ู
ู ูุจูุ ููู ูู ุดุฆ ุณูุชุฑุชุจ. | It was like time would stop, and the dancer would sort of step through some kind of portal and he wasn't doing anything different than he had ever done, 1,000 nights before, but everything would align. |
ููุฌุฃุฉุ ูู ูุธูุฑ ู
ุฌุฏุฏุงู ูุฅูุณุงู ููุท. | And all of a sudden, he would no longer appear to be merely human. |
ุณูููู ู
ุถูุฆุงู ู
ู ุงูุฏุงุฎูุ ูุงูุฃุณูู ูุงูุฃุนูู ุจุถูุก ุงููุงููุช. | He would be lit from within, and lit from below and all lit up on fire with divinity. |
ูุนูุฏู
ุง ูุญุฏุซ ุฐููุ ูู ุฐูู ุงูุฒู
ูุ ุนุฑู ุงููุงุณ ู
ุง ูู ูุฐุง ุงูุดุฆุ ุฅููู
ูุณู
ูููุง ุจุงูุฃุณู
. | And when this happened, back then, people knew it for what it was, you know, they called it by its name. |
ุณูููู
ูู ุจูุถุน ุฅูุงุฏููู
ู
ุนุงู ููุจุฏุฃูู ูู ุงููุชุงูุ "ุงูููุ ุงูููุ ุงูููุ ุฑุจู ุฑุจูุ ุฑุจู." | They would put their hands together and they would start to chant, "Allah, Allah, Allah, God, God, God." |
ุฐูู ุงูุฅููุ ุชุนูู
ูู. | That's God, you know. |
ุญุงุดูุฉ ุชุงุฑูุฎูุฉ ุบุฑูุจุฉ -- ุนูุฏู
ุง ุบุฒุง ุงูู
ูุฑุณ ุฌููุจ ุฃุณุจุงููุงุ ุฃุฎุฐูุง ู
ุนูู
ูุฐู ุงูุนุงุฏุฉ ููุฏ ุชุญููู ุงููุทู ุนุจุฑ ุงููุฑูู ู
ู " ุงูููุ ุงูููุ ุงูููุ" ุงูู ""ุฃููููุ ุฃููููุ ุฃููููุ" ุงูุชู ู
ุง ุชุฒุงููุง ุชุณู
ุนูููุง ูู ู
ุตุงุฑุนุฉ ุงูุซูุฑุงู ูุฑูุตุงุช ุงูููุงู
ููุฌู. | Curious historical footnote: when the Moors invaded southern Spain, they took this custom with them and the pronunciation changed over the centuries from "Allah, Allah, Allah," to "Olรฉ, olรฉ, olรฉ," which you still hear in bullfights and in flamenco dances. |
ูู ุงุณุจุงููุงุ ุนูุฏู
ุง ููุนู ุงูุฑุงูุต ุดูุฆุงู ู
ุณุชุญููุงู ูุณุญุฑูุงูุ " ุงูููุ ุฃููููุ ุฃููููุ ุงูููุ ุฑุงุฆุนุ ุจุฑุงููุ" ุบูุฑ ู
ูููู
ุฉุ ูุง ูู ููุงู -- ูู
ุญุฉ ููุฅูู. | In Spain, when a performer has done something impossible and magic, "Allah, olรฉ, olรฉ, Allah, magnificent, bravo," incomprehensible, there it is -- a glimpse of God. |
ุงูุฐู ูู ุนุธูู
ุ ูุฃููุง ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ูุฐูู. | Which is great, because we need that. |
ูููุ ุงูุฌุฒุก ุงูุตุนุจ ูุฃุชู ูู ุงูุตุจุงุญ ุงูุชุงููุ ููุฑุงูุต ููุณูุ ุนูุฏู
ุง ูุณุชููุธ ูููุชุดู ุฃููุง ุงูุญุงุฏูุฉ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุตุจุงุญ ููู
ุงูุซูุงุซุงุก ููู
ูุนุฏ ูู
ุญุฉ ููุฅูู. | But, the tricky bit comes the next morning, for the dancer himself, when he wakes up and discovers that it's Tuesday at 11 a.m., and he's no longer a glimpse of God. |
ุฅูู ููุท ู
ุฎููู ูุงูู ู
ุณู ุจุฑูุจุชูู ุณูุฆุชูู ุญูุงูุ ูุฅูู ุฑุจู
ุง ูู ูุตู ูุฐูู ุงูุนูู ู
ุฌุฏุฏุงู. | He's just an aging mortal with really bad knees, and maybe he's never going to ascend to that height again. |
ูุฑุจู
ุง ูู ููุชู ุฃู ุดุฎุต ุจุฃุณู
ุงูุฅูู ุจุชุงุชุงู ุจููู
ุง ูู ูุฏูุฑุ ูู
ุงุฐุง ุณููุนู ูู ุจุนุฏ ุฐูู ุจููุฉ ุญูุงุชูุ | And maybe nobody will ever chant God's name again as he spins, and what is he then to do with the rest of his life? |
ูุฐุง ูุงุณู. | This is hard. |
ูุฐู ุฃุญุฏ ุฃุตุนุจ ุงูุชุณููุงุช ุชูุนููุง ุฃูู
ุงู ูู ุญูุงุชู ุงูุฅุจุฏุงุนูุฉ. | This is one of the most painful reconciliations to make in a creative life. |
ููู ุฑุจู
ุง ูุง ููุจุบู ุฃู ุชููู ู
ููุฆุฉ ุจุงููุฑุจ ุฅุฐุง ูู
ุชููู ู
ุคู
ูุงู ูู ุงูุฃุตูุ ุจุฃู ุฃูุซุฑ ุงูุฌูุงูุจ ุบูุฑ ุงูุฅุนุชูุงุฏูุฉ ูู ุชุฃุชู ู
ูู. | But maybe it doesn't have to be quite so full of anguish if you never happened to believe, in the first place, that the most extraordinary aspects of your being came from you. |
ููู ุฑุจู
ุง ุฅุฐุง ุฃุนุชูุฏุช ุฃู ุชูู ูุจุฉ ูู ู
ู ู
ุตุฏุฑ ูุง ูู
ูู ุชุฎููู ูุฌุฒุก ุจุฏูุน ู
ู ุญูุงุชู ููุชู
ุชู
ุฑูุฑู ุนูุฏู
ุง ุชู
ูุช ุฃูุชุ ุงูู ุดุฎุต ุขุฎุฑ. | But maybe if you just believed that they were on loan to you from some unimaginable source for some exquisite portion of your life to be passed along when you're finished, with somebody else. |
ูุชุนูู
ููุ ุฅุฐุง ููุฑุชู
ุญูู ุงูุฃู
ุฑ ุจูุฐู ุงูุทุฑููุฉ ุชุจุฏุฃ ูู ุชุบููุฑ ูู ุดุฆ. | And, you know, if we think about it this way, it starts to change everything. |
ููุฐุง ุจุฏุฃุช ุจุงูุชูููุฑุ ูููุฐุง ุจุงูุชุฃููุฏ ููุช ุฃููุฑ ูู ุงูุฃุดูุฑ ุงูููููุฉ ุงูู
ุงุถูุฉ ุจููู
ุง ููุช ุฃุนู
ู ุนูู ุงููุชุงุจ ุงูุฐู ุณูุชู
ูุดุฑู ูุฑูุจุงูุ ูู
ุชุงุจุนุฉ ุฎุทูุฑุฉ ูู
ุฎููุฉ ููุฌุงุญู ุงูุนุฌูุจ. | This is how I've started to think, and this is certainly how I've been thinking in the last few months as I've been working on the book that will soon be published, as the dangerously, frighteningly over-anticipated follow up to my freakish success. |
ูู
ุง ูุฌุจ ุนูููุ ู
ุง ุฃุญุฏูุซ ุจู ููุณู ุนูุฏู
ุง ุฃุชุฎูู ู
ู ุฐูู ุงูุฃู
ุฑุ | And what I have to sort of keep telling myself when I get really psyched out about that is don't be afraid. |
ููุ ูุง ุชุฎุงูู. ูุง ุชุชููุจู. ููุท ุฃุนู
ูู ุนู
ูู. | Don't be daunted. Just do your job. |
ูุงุตูู ูู ุนุฑุถ ุงูุฌุฒุก ุงูุฐู ุนูููุ ุจุฃู ุทุฑููุฉ ูุฏ ุชููู. | Continue to show up for your piece of it, whatever that might be. |
ุฅุฐุง ูุงู ุนู
ูู ุงูุฑูุตุ ุฃุฑูุตู ุฑูุตุชู. | If your job is to dance, do your dance. |
ุฅุฐุง ูุงู ุงูุฑุจุ ูุฏ ุฎูู ูู ู
ุงุฑุฏ ููุฑุฑ ุงูุณู
ุงุญ ุจุจุนุถ ุงููู
ุญุงุช ุงูุฅูููุฉุ ููููุฉ ูุงุญุฏุฉ ููุท ุฎูุงู ุฌููุฏูุ ุนูุฏูุง " ุฃูููู!" | If the divine, cockeyed genius assigned to your case decides to let some sort of wonderment be glimpsed, for just one moment through your efforts, then "Olรฉ!" |
ุฅู ูู
ูููุ ุฃูุนูู ุฑูุตุชู ุนูู ุฃู ุญุงู. | And if not, do your dance anyhow. |
ู "ุฃูููู!" ููู
ุ ู
ุน ุฐูู. | And "Olรฉ!" to you, nonetheless. |
ุฃูุง ุฃุคู
ู ุจูุฐุง ูุฃุดุนุฑ ุจุฃููุง ูุฌุจ ุฃู ูุฏุฑุณู. | I believe this and I feel that we must teach it. |
"ุฃูููู!" ููู
ุ ู
ุน ุฐููุ ููุท ููุชูุงุตู ุญุจ ุงูุฅูุณุงู ุงูุฎุงูุต ูุงูุตูุงุจุฉ ููุชูุงุตู ูู ุงูุธููุฑ. | "Olรฉ!" to you, nonetheless, just for having the sheer human love and stubbornness to keep showing up. |
ุดูุฑุงู ููู
. | Thank you. |
ุดูุฑุงู ููู
. | Thank you. |
ุฌูู ููููู: ุฃูููู! | June Cohen: Olรฉ! |
ุชุนูู
ููุ ููุฏ ุชุญุฏุซุช ุนู ุจุนุถ ูุฐู ุงูู
ุดุงุฑูุน ู
ู ูุจูุ ุญูู ุงูุฌูููู
ุงูุจุดุฑู ูู
ุง ูุฏ ูุนููู ูุฐุงุ ูุฅูุชุดุงู ู
ุฌู
ูุนุงุช ุฌุฏูุฏุฉ ู
ู ุงูุฌููุงุช. | You know, I've talked about some of these projects before -- about the human genome and what that might mean, and discovering new sets of genes. |
ููุญู ูู ุงููุงูุน ูุจุฏุฃ ู
ู ููุทุฉ ุฌุฏูุฏุฉ: ููุฏ ููุง ูููู
ุจุฑูู
ูุฉ ุนูู
ุงูุจุงููููุฌูุ ูุงูุขู ูุญุงูู ุงูุฅูุชูุงู ู
ู ุชูู ุงูุดูุฑุฉ ุงูุฑูู
ูุฉ ุฅูู ู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุฌุฏูุฏุฉ ููุจุงููููุฌูุ ู
ุน ุชุตู
ูู
ูุฅุตุทูุงุน ุงูุญูุงุฉ. | We're actually starting at a new point: we've been digitizing biology, and now we're trying to go from that digital code into a new phase of biology with designing and synthesizing life. |
ุฅุฐุงูุ ููุฏ ููุง ุฏุงุฆู
ุงู ูุญุงูู ุทุฑุญ ุงูุฃุณุฆูุฉ ุงููุจูุฑุฉ. | So, we've always been trying to ask big questions. |
" ู
ุง ูู ุงูุญูุงุฉุ" ูู ุดุฆ ูู
ุง ุฃุนุชูุฏ ูุญุงูู ุงูุนุฏูุฏ ู
ู ุนูู
ุงุก ุงูุจุงููููุฌู ููู
ู ูู ู
ุณุชููุงุช ู
ุฎุชููุฉ. | "What is life?" is something that I think many biologists have been trying to understand at various levels. |
ููุฏ ุญุงูููุง ู
ูุงุฑุจุงุช ู
ุชุนุฏุฏุฉุ ูุฑุฌุนู ูุฃูู ุงูุนูุงุตุฑ. | We've tried various approaches, paring it down to minimal components. |
ููุง ูููู
ุจุฑูู
ูุชูุง ุญุชู ุงูุขู ูุญูุงูู 20 ุณูุฉ. ุนูุฏู
ุง ูู
ูุง ุจุณูุณูุฉ ุงูุฌูููู
ุงูุจุดุฑูุ ููุฏ ููุง ููุชูู ู
ู ุงูุนุงูู
ุงูู
ุชู
ุงุซู ููุจุงููููุฌู ุฅูู ุงูุนุงูู
ุงูุฑูู
ู ูููู
ุจููุชุฑ. | We've been digitizing it now for almost 20 years; when we sequenced the human genome, it was going from the analog world of biology into the digital world of the computer. |
ุงูุขู ู
ุง ูุญุงูู ุงูุณุคุงู ุนููุ ูู ูู
ูููุง ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชูููุฏ ุงูุญูุงุฉุ ุฃู ูู ูู
ูููุง ุฎูู ุญูุงุฉ ุฌุฏูุฏุฉุ ู
ู ูุฐุง ุงูุนุงูู
ุงูุฑูู
ูุ | Now we're trying to ask, "Can we regenerate life or can we create new life out of this digital universe?" |
ูุฐู ุฎุงุฑุทุฉ ููุงุฆู ุตุบูุฑุ ุงูู
ูููุจูุงุฒู
ุง ุงูุชูุงุณููุฉ ุงูุชู ูุฏููุง ุฃุตุบุฑ ุฌูููู
ููุงุฆู ุญู ุงูุฐู ูู
ูู ุฃู ูุตูุน ูุณุฎุฉ ุทุจู ุงูุฃุตู ู
ูู ูู ุงูู
ุฎุชุจุฑ. ููุฏ ููุง ูุญุงูู ู
ุนุฑูุฉ ุฅุฐุง ููุง ูุณุชุทูุน ุงูุชูุตู ูุฌูููู
ุฃุตุบุฑ ุญุชู. | This is the map of a small organism, Mycoplasma genitalium, that has the smallest genome for a species that can self-replicate in the laboratory, and we've been trying to just see if we can come up with an even smaller genome. |
ููุญู ูุงุฏุฑูู ุนูู ุจูุงุก ู
ุณุชูู ู
ุฆุงุช ุงูุฌููุงุช ู
ู ุงู 500 ุฃู ุดุจู ุฐูู ููุง. | We're able to knock out on the order of 100 genes out of the 500 or so that are here. |
ููู ุญููู
ุง ููุธุฑ ุฅูู ุฎุงุฑุทุฉ ุงูุชู
ุซูู ุงูุบุฐุงุฆูุ ูุฃููุง ุจุณูุทุฉ ูุณุจูุงู ู
ูุงุฑูุฉ ุจุฎุงุตุชูุง. ุซููุง ุจูุ ูุฐุง ุณูู. ููู ุญููู
ุง ุชูุธุฑ ูู ูู ุงูุฌููุงุช ุงูุชู ูู
ูููุง ุตูุนูุง ูุงุญุฏุฉ ูู ูู ู
ุฑุฉุ ูู
ู ุบูุฑ ุงูู
ุฑุฌุญ ุฃู ูุฐุง ุณูููุฏ ุฅูู ุฎููุฉ ุญูุฉ. | When we look at its metabolic map, it's relatively simple compared to ours -- trust me, this is simple -- but when we look at all the genes that we can knock out one at a time, it's very unlikely that this would yield a living cell. |
ูุฐุงุ ููุฏ ูุฑุฑูุง ุฃู ุงูุทุฑูู ุงููุญูุฏ ุฅูู ุงูุฃู
ุงู
ูุงู ูู ุชุตููุน ูุฐู ุงููุฑูู
ูุณูู
ุงุช ุจุญูุซ ุฃุณุชุทุนูุง ุชุบููุฑ ุงูู
ูููุงุช ููุณุฃู ุจุนุถ ูุฐู ุงูุฃุณุฆูุฉ ุงูุฃุณุงุณูุฉ ุฌุฏุงู. | So we decided the only way forward was to actually synthesize this chromosome so we could vary the components to ask some of these most fundamental questions. |
ููุฐุง ููุฏ ุจุฏุฃูุง ุงูุทุฑููุ "ูู ูู
ูููุง ุชุตููุน ุงููุฑูู
ูุณูู
ุงุชุ" | And so we started down the road of: can we synthesize a chromosome? |
ูู ุณุชุณู
ุญ ุงูููู
ูุงุก ุจุตูุน ูุฐู ุงูุฌุฒูุฆุงุช ุงููุจูุฑุฉ ุญูุงู ุงูุชู ูู
ูุชูุตู ุฅูููุง ุจุชุงุชุงู ู
ู ูุจูุ | Can chemistry permit making these really large molecules where we've never been before? |
ูุ ุฅู ุฅุณุชุทุนูุงุ ูู ูู
ูููุง ุชุญุฑูู ุงููุฑูู
ูุณูู
ุ | And if we do, can we boot up a chromosome? |
ุงููุฑูู
ูุณูู
ุจุงูู
ูุงุณุจุฉุ ููุณ ุณูู ูุทุนุฉ ู
ู ุงูู
ูุงุฏ ุงูููู
ุงููุฉ ุงูุฎุงู
ูุฉ. | A chromosome, by the way, is just a piece of inert chemical material. |
ุฅุฐุงู ููุชูุฑุชูุง ูุฑูู
ูุฉ ุงูุญูุงุฉ ูุฏ ุชุฒุงูุฏุช ุจู
ุนุฏู ุฃุณู. | So, our pace of digitizing life has been increasing at an exponential pace. |
ุฅู ู
ูุฏุฑุชูุง ุนูู ูุชุงุจุฉ ุดูุฑุฉ ุฌูููุฉ ูุงูุช ุชุชุญุฑู ุจุจุทุก ุดุฏูุฏุ ููููุง ุฃุตุจุญุช ุชุชุณุงุฑุน. ูุฃู ุฅูุชุดุงููุง ุงูุฃุฎูุฑุฉ ุณูุถุนูุง ุงูุขู ูู ู
ูุญูู ุฃุณู. | Our ability to write the genetic code has been moving pretty slowly but has been increasing, and our latest point would put it on, now, an exponential curve. |
ููุฏ ุจุฏุฃูุง ูุฐุง ูุจู ู
ุง ูุฒูุฏ ุนูู 15 ุณูุฉ ู
ุถุช. | We started this over 15 years ago. |
ููุฏ ุฃุณุชุบุฑูุช ุนุฏุฉ ู
ุฑุงุญูุ ูู ุงูุญูููุฉุ ุจุฏุก ุจู
ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุฃุฎูุงููุงุช ุงูุนููู
ุงูุญูููุฉ ูุจู ุชุฌุฑุจุชูุง ุงูุฃููู. | It took several stages, in fact, starting with a bioethical review before we did the first experiments. |
ููู ูุถุญ ุฃู ุงูุญู
ุถ ุงููููู ุงูุฅุตุทูุงุนู ุตุนุจ ููุบุงูุฉ. | But it turns out synthesizing DNA is very difficult. |
ูุฐู ุนุดุฑุงุช ุงูุขูุงู ู
ู ุงูุขูุงุช ุญูู ุงูุนุงูู
ุงูุชู ุชุตูุน ูุทุน ุตุบูุฑุฉ ููุญู
ุถ ุงูููููุ ุทููู 30 ุฅูู 50 ุญุฑูุงู ุ ููู ุชููู
ุจุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชูููุฏ ุงูุนู
ููุฉุ ูุฐุง ูููู
ุง ูุงูุช ุงููุทุนุฉ ุฃุทููุ ููู
ุง ุตุงุญุจูุง ุฃุฎุทุฃ ุฃูุซุฑ. | There are tens of thousands of machines around the world that make small pieces of DNA -- 30 to 50 letters in length -- and it's a degenerate process, so the longer you make the piece, the more errors there are. |
ูุฐุง ููุฏ ุชูุฌุจ ุนูููุง ุฅูุชุฑุงุญ ุทุฑููุฉ ุฌุฏูุฏุฉ ููุถุน ูุฐู ุงููุทุน ุงูุตุบูุฑุฉ ุณููุงู ูุชุตุญูุญ ูู ุงูุฃุฎุทุงุก | So we had to create a new method for putting these little pieces together and correct all the errors. |
ููุฐู ูุงูุช ู
ุญุงููุชูุง ุงูุฃูููุ ุจุฏุงูุฉ ุจุงูู
ุนููู
ุงุช ุงูุฑูู
ูุฉ ูุฌูููู
Phi X 174. | And this was our first attempt, starting with the digital information of the genome of phi X174. |
ุฅูู ููุฑูุณ ุตุบูุฑ ููุชู ุงูุจุงูุชุฑูุง. | It's a small virus that kills bacteria. |
ููุฏ ุตู
ู
ูุง ูุฐู ุงููุทุนุ ูู
ุฑุฑูุง ุจุงูุชุตุญูุญ ุงูุฐู ุนู
ููุงูุ ูุญุตููุง ุนูู ุฌุฒูุก ุญู
ุถ ูููู ู
ู ุญูุงูู 5ุ000 ุญุฑูุงู. | We designed the pieces, went through our error correction and had a DNA molecule of about 5,000 letters. |
ุงูู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุงูู
ุซูุฑุฉ ุฌุงุกุช ุนูุฏู
ุง ุฃุฎุฐูุง ูุฐู ุงููุทุนุฉ ู
ู ุงูููู
ูุงุก ุงูุฎุงู
ูุฉ ููุถุนูุงูุง ู
ุน ุงูุจุงูุชุฑูุงุ ูุจุฏุฃุช ุงูุจุงูุชุฑูุง ูู ูุฑุงุกุฉ ูุฐู ุงูุดูุฑุฉ ุงูุฌูููุฉุ ูุตูุนุช ุงูุฌุณูู
ุงุช ุงูููุฑูุณูุฉ. | The exciting phase came when we took this piece of inert chemical and put it in the bacteria, and the bacteria started to read this genetic code, made the viral particles. |
ุซู
ุฃุทููุช ุงูุฌุฒูุฆุงุช ุงูููุฑูุณูุฉ ู
ู ุงูุฎูุงูุงุ ุซู
ุฑุฌุนุช ููุชูุช ุงูุฅุดุฑูููุฉ ุงูููููููุฉ. | The viral particles then were released from the cells and came back and killed the E. coli. |
ููุช ุฃุชุญุฏุซ ู
ุคุฎุฑุงู ู
ุน ูุทุงุน ุตูุงุนุฉ ุงูููุทุ ูููุช ุฃููู
ูููู
ูู ูุฐุง ุงููู
ูุฐุฌ ุจูู ูุถูุญ. | I was talking to the oil industry recently and I said they clearly understood that model. |
ููุฏ ุถุญููุง ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ููู
ุจูุซูุฑ. ููุฐุง ููุญู ูุนุชูุฏ ุฃู ูุฐุง ูู ุงูุญุงู ุญูุซ ุชููู
ุงูุจุฑู
ุฌูุงุช ุจุจูุงุก ุงูุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงูุตูุจุฉ ุงูุชู ุชูุงุณุจูุง ูู ุงููุธุงู
ุงูุจููููุฌู. | They laughed more than you guys are. And so, we think this is a situation where the software can actually build its own hardware in a biological system. |
ููููุง ุฃุฑุฏูุง ุงูู
ุถู ุฃูุซุฑ ุจูุซูุฑ. ุฑุบุจูุง ุจุจูุงุก ูู ุงููุฑูู
ูุณูู
ููุจูุชุฑูุง. ุฅููุง ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู 580ุ000 ุญุฑูุงู ู
ู ุงูุดูุฑุฉ ุงูุฌูููุฉ. ูุฐุง ููุฏ ููุฑูุง ุจุจูุงุฆูุง ุนูู ุดุฑูุท ูู ุญุฌู
ุงูููุฑูุณุงุชุ ุฅุฐุงู ููุฏ ุฃู
ูููุง ูู ุงููุงูุน ุชูููุน ุงูุฃุดุฑุทุฉ ูููู
ู
ุงููุฉ ุงูู
ูููุงุช ุงูุญููููุฉ ููุฎููุฉ ุงูุญูุฉ. | But we wanted to go much larger: we wanted to build the entire bacterial chromosome -- it's over 580,000 letters of genetic code -- so we thought we'd build them in cassettes the size of the viruses so we could actually vary the cassettes to understand what the actual components of a living cell are. |
ุงูุชุตู
ูู
ู
ูู
ุ ูุฅุฐุง ุจุฏุฃุช ุจุงูู
ุนููู
ุงุช ุงูุฑูู
ูุฉ ุนูู ุงููู
ุจููุชุฑุ ูุงู ุชูู ุงูู
ุนููู
ุงุช ุงูุฑูู
ูุฉ ูุฌุจ ุฃู ุชููู ุฏูููุฉ ุญูุงู. | Design is critical, and if you're starting with digital information in the computer, that digital information has to be really accurate. |