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The present invention relates to antibodies targeting LRP6 and compositions and methods of use thereof.
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1.-108. (canceled) 109. A multivalent antibody, or an antibody fragment thereof, comprising at least two receptor binding domains for two different binding sites of an LRP6 target receptor, wherein the first receptor binding domain binds to the β-propeller 1 domain, and the second receptor binding domain binds to the β-propeller 3 domain on the same LRP6 target receptor, and wherein the multivalent antibody inhibits β-propeller 1-mediated Wnt 1 signalling and β-propeller 3-mediated Wnt3a signalling and displays no significant potentiation of a Wnt signal. 110. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 109, wherein the first and/or second receptor binding domain comprises an IgG antibody, an scFv fragment, or an antibody variable region. 111. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 109, wherein the first receptor binding domain is a first antibody variable region and the second receptor binding domain is a second antibody variable region. 112. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 109, wherein the first and second receptor binding domains each comprises a camelid antibody or a camelid nanobody. 113. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 109, wherein the first and second receptor binding domains each comprises a single domain antibody. 114. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 109, wherein the first and second receptor binding domains each comprises a single variable domain or a VHH. 115. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 109, wherein the first receptor binding domain and the second receptor binding domain are separated by a linker. 116. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 115, wherein the linker comprises Gly and Ser. 117. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 115, wherein the linker comprises (Gly4Ser)4 or (Gly4Ser)3. 118. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 109, wherein the multivalent antibody is a bivalent antibody, a bispecific antibody, or a biparatopic antibody. 119. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 109, further comprising an Fc domain. 120. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 109, further comprising a half-life extending moiety. 121. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 120, wherein the half-life extending moiety is an Fc domain or a moiety that binds to a serum protein. 122. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 121, wherein the serum protein is an albumin, an IgG, an FcRn, or a transferrin. 123. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 121, wherein the serum protein is albumin. 124. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 123, wherein the moiety that binds to albumin is a nanobody, a Fab, a DARPin, an avimer, an affibody, or an anticalin. 125. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 123, wherein the moiety that binds to albumin comprises a camelid nanobody, a single domain antibody, or a VHH. 126. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 120, wherein the half-life extending moiety comprises an albumin, a domain of albumin, or an albumin-binding protein. 127. A biparatopic antibody, or biparatopic antibody fragment thereof, comprising at least two VHHs that bind two different binding sites of an LRP6 target receptor, wherein the first VHH binds to the β-propeller 1 domain of LRP6, and the second VHH binds to the β-propeller 3 domain of LRP6, wherein the biparatopic antibody inhibits β-propeller 1-mediated Wnt1 signalling and β-propeller 3-mediated Wnt3a signalling and displays no significant potentiation of a Wnt signal, and wherein the biparatopic antibody further comprises a moiety that binds to albumin. 128. The biparatopic antibody or biparatopic antibody fragment of claim 127, wherein the moiety that binds to albumin comprises a camelid nanobody, a single domain antibody, or a VHH. 129. A bispecific antibody, or antibody fragment thereof, comprising at least two VHHs that bind two different binding sites of an LRP6 target receptor, wherein the first VHH binds to the β-propeller 1 domain of LRP6, and the second VHH binds to the β-propeller 3 domain of LRP6, wherein the biparatopic antibody inhibits β-propeller 1-mediated Wnt 1 signalling and β-propeller 3-mediated Wnt3a signalling and displays no significant potentiation of a Wnt signal, and wherein the biparatopic antibody further comprises an Fc domain.
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The present invention relates to antibodies targeting LRP6 and compositions and methods of use thereof.1.-108. (canceled) 109. A multivalent antibody, or an antibody fragment thereof, comprising at least two receptor binding domains for two different binding sites of an LRP6 target receptor, wherein the first receptor binding domain binds to the β-propeller 1 domain, and the second receptor binding domain binds to the β-propeller 3 domain on the same LRP6 target receptor, and wherein the multivalent antibody inhibits β-propeller 1-mediated Wnt 1 signalling and β-propeller 3-mediated Wnt3a signalling and displays no significant potentiation of a Wnt signal. 110. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 109, wherein the first and/or second receptor binding domain comprises an IgG antibody, an scFv fragment, or an antibody variable region. 111. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 109, wherein the first receptor binding domain is a first antibody variable region and the second receptor binding domain is a second antibody variable region. 112. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 109, wherein the first and second receptor binding domains each comprises a camelid antibody or a camelid nanobody. 113. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 109, wherein the first and second receptor binding domains each comprises a single domain antibody. 114. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 109, wherein the first and second receptor binding domains each comprises a single variable domain or a VHH. 115. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 109, wherein the first receptor binding domain and the second receptor binding domain are separated by a linker. 116. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 115, wherein the linker comprises Gly and Ser. 117. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 115, wherein the linker comprises (Gly4Ser)4 or (Gly4Ser)3. 118. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 109, wherein the multivalent antibody is a bivalent antibody, a bispecific antibody, or a biparatopic antibody. 119. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 109, further comprising an Fc domain. 120. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 109, further comprising a half-life extending moiety. 121. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 120, wherein the half-life extending moiety is an Fc domain or a moiety that binds to a serum protein. 122. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 121, wherein the serum protein is an albumin, an IgG, an FcRn, or a transferrin. 123. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 121, wherein the serum protein is albumin. 124. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 123, wherein the moiety that binds to albumin is a nanobody, a Fab, a DARPin, an avimer, an affibody, or an anticalin. 125. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 123, wherein the moiety that binds to albumin comprises a camelid nanobody, a single domain antibody, or a VHH. 126. The multivalent antibody or antibody fragment of claim 120, wherein the half-life extending moiety comprises an albumin, a domain of albumin, or an albumin-binding protein. 127. A biparatopic antibody, or biparatopic antibody fragment thereof, comprising at least two VHHs that bind two different binding sites of an LRP6 target receptor, wherein the first VHH binds to the β-propeller 1 domain of LRP6, and the second VHH binds to the β-propeller 3 domain of LRP6, wherein the biparatopic antibody inhibits β-propeller 1-mediated Wnt1 signalling and β-propeller 3-mediated Wnt3a signalling and displays no significant potentiation of a Wnt signal, and wherein the biparatopic antibody further comprises a moiety that binds to albumin. 128. The biparatopic antibody or biparatopic antibody fragment of claim 127, wherein the moiety that binds to albumin comprises a camelid nanobody, a single domain antibody, or a VHH. 129. A bispecific antibody, or antibody fragment thereof, comprising at least two VHHs that bind two different binding sites of an LRP6 target receptor, wherein the first VHH binds to the β-propeller 1 domain of LRP6, and the second VHH binds to the β-propeller 3 domain of LRP6, wherein the biparatopic antibody inhibits β-propeller 1-mediated Wnt 1 signalling and β-propeller 3-mediated Wnt3a signalling and displays no significant potentiation of a Wnt signal, and wherein the biparatopic antibody further comprises an Fc domain.
| 1,600
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337,901
| 16,799,534
| 3,631
|
An assembly of brackets and straps which allow quick and easy mounting of banners and signs to poles, posts, trees, walls or other structures for temporary use without affecting the surface of the supporting structure. Said device integrates a mounting bracket for a sign or banner with a means for attachment to an existing support structure. Advertising, public announcements, decorative media, and the like, can be quickly and easily mounted to the bracket which is then attached to the supporting structure without tools of any kind. Removal is similarly accomplished quickly and easily without tools. Banner media is rolled around a hollow tube for storage to prevent wrinkling and preserve for further use
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1. A temporary outdoor banner and sign display device, comprising:
brackets, rods, and strapping devices configured to allow signs and banners to be temporarily installed on preexisting structures without affecting mounting surface; each bracket has a grooved surface on a back to improve grip to a mounting surface; each rod suspends banners and other flexible materials and supports signs and rigid materials; a retaining rod fits snugly into a bracket mouth and is held in place by tension created by flexibility and circular shape of the bracket; a grooved channel in the rod holds 4 mm coroplast securely; and a channel cut along the length of the product case allows the bottom banner hem, bracket, and rod to slide into the tube while still attached. The banner can then be rolled around the tube to prevent wrinkling while stored for future use.
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An assembly of brackets and straps which allow quick and easy mounting of banners and signs to poles, posts, trees, walls or other structures for temporary use without affecting the surface of the supporting structure. Said device integrates a mounting bracket for a sign or banner with a means for attachment to an existing support structure. Advertising, public announcements, decorative media, and the like, can be quickly and easily mounted to the bracket which is then attached to the supporting structure without tools of any kind. Removal is similarly accomplished quickly and easily without tools. Banner media is rolled around a hollow tube for storage to prevent wrinkling and preserve for further use1. A temporary outdoor banner and sign display device, comprising:
brackets, rods, and strapping devices configured to allow signs and banners to be temporarily installed on preexisting structures without affecting mounting surface; each bracket has a grooved surface on a back to improve grip to a mounting surface; each rod suspends banners and other flexible materials and supports signs and rigid materials; a retaining rod fits snugly into a bracket mouth and is held in place by tension created by flexibility and circular shape of the bracket; a grooved channel in the rod holds 4 mm coroplast securely; and a channel cut along the length of the product case allows the bottom banner hem, bracket, and rod to slide into the tube while still attached. The banner can then be rolled around the tube to prevent wrinkling while stored for future use.
| 3,600
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337,902
| 16,799,512
| 3,631
|
Methods and apparatus to indicate off-platter weigh conditions are disclosed herein. An example barcode reading and weighing apparatus includes: a weigh platter having a surface extending in a first transverse plane; a scale configured to measure a weight of an item on the surface; an off-platter detection assembly configured to detect whether a portion of the item is not resting on the weigh platter; a communication interface configured to communicate with a POS system; a processor in communication with the weigh platter, the off-platter detection assembly and the communication interface; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the barcode reading and weighing apparatus to, when the portion of the item is not resting on the weigh platter, modify the weight to form a modified weight and send the modified weight to the POS system via the communication interface, wherein the weight is modified to indicate the portion of the item a3 was not resting on the weigh platter.
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1. A barcode reading and weighing apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
a weigh platter having a surface extending in a first transverse plane; a scale configured to measure a weight of an item on the surface; an off-platter detection assembly configured to detect whether a portion of the item is not resting on the weigh platter; a communication interface configured to communicate with a point-of-sale (POS) system; a processor in communication with the weigh platter, the off-platter detection assembly and the communication interface; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the barcode reading and weighing apparatus to, when the portion of the item is not resting on the weigh platter, modify the weight to form a modified weight and send the modified weight to the POS system via the communication interface, wherein the weight is modified to indicate the portion of the item was not resting on the weigh platter. 2. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the storage medium stores further instructions that, when executed, cause the barcode reading and weighing apparatus to, when the item is wholly resting on the weigh platter, send the weight to the POS system via the communication interface. 3. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the barcode reading and weighing apparatus comprises an additional surface around the weigh platter, wherein the surface is substantially coplanar with the weigh platter. 4. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 1, wherein modifying the weight includes modifying the weight to represent an out-of-bounds weight. 5. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 1, wherein modifying the weight includes modifying the weight to represent an invalid weight. 6. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 1, wherein modifying the weight includes modifying the weight to include a letter. 7. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 1, wherein modifying the weight includes modifying the weight to have an inverted sign. 8. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a barcode reader to read a barcode on the item. 9. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the off-platter detection assembly includes:
a light emission assembly having a light source, the light emission assembly configured to emit a light away from a proximal edge of the surface; and a light detection assembly having a light sensor, the light detection assembly configured to detect at least a portion of the light reflected towards the proximal edge. 10. A method of weighing an item with a barcode reading and weighing apparatus, the method comprising:
determining a weight of an item on a weigh platter of the barcode reading and weighing apparatus; detecting whether a portion of the item is not resting on the weigh platter; when the portion of the item is not resting on the weigh platter, modify the weight to form a modified weight to indicate that the portion of the item was not resting on the weigh platter; and sending the modified weight to a point-of-sale (POS) system. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising when the item is wholly resting on the weigh platter, sending the weight to the POS system. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein modifying the weight includes modifying the weight to represent at least one of an out-of-bounds weight, to be an invalid weight, to include a letter, or to have an inverted sign. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the weight can be obtained from the modified weight at the POS system. 14. A barcode reading and weighing apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
a weigh platter having a surface extending in a first transverse plane; a scale configured to measure a weight of an item on the surface; an off-platter detection assembly configured to detect whether a portion of the item is not resting on the weigh platter; a communication interface configured to communicate with a point-of-sale (POS) system; a processor in communication with the weigh platter, the off-platter detection assembly and the communication interface; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the barcode reading and weighing apparatus to, when the portion of the item is not resting on the weigh platter, disable the weigh platter. 15. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 14, wherein the storage medium stores further instructions that, when executed, cause the weigh platter to provide an alert when the portion of the item is not resting on the weigh platter. 16. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 14, wherein the storage medium stores further instructions that, when executed, cause the weigh platter to, when the item is wholly resting on the weigh platter, send the weight to the POS system via the communication interface. 17. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 14, wherein the barcode reading and weighing apparatus comprises another surface around the weigh platter, wherein the surface is substantially coplanar with the weigh platter. 18. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 14, wherein the off-platter detection assembly includes:
a light emission assembly having a light source, the light emission assembly configured to emit a light away from a proximal edge of the surface; and a light detection assembly having a light sensor, the light detection assembly configured to detect at least a portion of the light reflected towards the proximal edge. 19. A barcode reading and weighing apparatus, the barcode reading and weighing apparatus comprising:
a weigh platter having a surface extending in a first transverse plane; a scale configured to measure a weight of an item on the surface; an off-platter detection assembly configured to detect whether a portion of the item is not resting on the weigh platter; a communication interface configured to communicate with a point-of-sale (POS) system; a processor in communication with the weigh platter, the off-platter detection assembly and the communication interface; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the barcode reading and weighing apparatus to:
identify a weight priority associated with the item,
when the weight priority is a first priority and the item is not wholly resting on the weigh platter, provide an indication that the item is not wholly resting on weigh platter, and
when the weight priority is a second priority and the item is not wholly resting on the weigh platter, send the weight measured by the scale to a POS system. 20. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 19, wherein the weight is useable at the POS system to at least one of charge a customer for the item, or verify the item. 21. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 19, wherein the storage medium stores further instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the barcode reading and weighing apparatus to provide the indication to the POS system. 22. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 19, further comprising a barcode reader to read a barcode on the item. 23. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 19, wherein the storage medium stores further instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the barcode reading and weighing apparatus to, when the weight priority is the first priority and the item is not wholly resting on the weigh platter, additionally provide the measured weight. 24. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 19, wherein the storage medium stores further instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the barcode reading and weighing apparatus to alert a user of the barcode reading and weighing apparatus of an invalid weight when the weight priority is the first priority and the item is not wholly resting on the weigh platter, and not alert the user when the weight priority is the second priority and the item is not wholly resting on the weigh platter. 25. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 19, wherein the first priority is associated with at least one of a more expensive item or a higher cost-per-unit-weight item, and the second priority is associated with at least one of a less expensive item or a lower cost-per-unit-weight item. 26. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 25, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the barcode reading and weighing apparatus to identify the item with the first priority or the second priority based on a user controllable threshold. 27. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 19, wherein the storage medium stores further instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the barcode reading and weighing apparatus to determine an identification of the item using at least one of an object recognition algorithm trained using machine learning, a barcode or a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, and compare the identification with a list of identifiers associated with priority items. 28. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 19, wherein the storage medium stores a list of item identifiers associated with the first priority. 29-48. (canceled)
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Methods and apparatus to indicate off-platter weigh conditions are disclosed herein. An example barcode reading and weighing apparatus includes: a weigh platter having a surface extending in a first transverse plane; a scale configured to measure a weight of an item on the surface; an off-platter detection assembly configured to detect whether a portion of the item is not resting on the weigh platter; a communication interface configured to communicate with a POS system; a processor in communication with the weigh platter, the off-platter detection assembly and the communication interface; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the barcode reading and weighing apparatus to, when the portion of the item is not resting on the weigh platter, modify the weight to form a modified weight and send the modified weight to the POS system via the communication interface, wherein the weight is modified to indicate the portion of the item a3 was not resting on the weigh platter.1. A barcode reading and weighing apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
a weigh platter having a surface extending in a first transverse plane; a scale configured to measure a weight of an item on the surface; an off-platter detection assembly configured to detect whether a portion of the item is not resting on the weigh platter; a communication interface configured to communicate with a point-of-sale (POS) system; a processor in communication with the weigh platter, the off-platter detection assembly and the communication interface; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the barcode reading and weighing apparatus to, when the portion of the item is not resting on the weigh platter, modify the weight to form a modified weight and send the modified weight to the POS system via the communication interface, wherein the weight is modified to indicate the portion of the item was not resting on the weigh platter. 2. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the storage medium stores further instructions that, when executed, cause the barcode reading and weighing apparatus to, when the item is wholly resting on the weigh platter, send the weight to the POS system via the communication interface. 3. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the barcode reading and weighing apparatus comprises an additional surface around the weigh platter, wherein the surface is substantially coplanar with the weigh platter. 4. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 1, wherein modifying the weight includes modifying the weight to represent an out-of-bounds weight. 5. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 1, wherein modifying the weight includes modifying the weight to represent an invalid weight. 6. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 1, wherein modifying the weight includes modifying the weight to include a letter. 7. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 1, wherein modifying the weight includes modifying the weight to have an inverted sign. 8. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a barcode reader to read a barcode on the item. 9. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the off-platter detection assembly includes:
a light emission assembly having a light source, the light emission assembly configured to emit a light away from a proximal edge of the surface; and a light detection assembly having a light sensor, the light detection assembly configured to detect at least a portion of the light reflected towards the proximal edge. 10. A method of weighing an item with a barcode reading and weighing apparatus, the method comprising:
determining a weight of an item on a weigh platter of the barcode reading and weighing apparatus; detecting whether a portion of the item is not resting on the weigh platter; when the portion of the item is not resting on the weigh platter, modify the weight to form a modified weight to indicate that the portion of the item was not resting on the weigh platter; and sending the modified weight to a point-of-sale (POS) system. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising when the item is wholly resting on the weigh platter, sending the weight to the POS system. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein modifying the weight includes modifying the weight to represent at least one of an out-of-bounds weight, to be an invalid weight, to include a letter, or to have an inverted sign. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the weight can be obtained from the modified weight at the POS system. 14. A barcode reading and weighing apparatus, the apparatus comprising:
a weigh platter having a surface extending in a first transverse plane; a scale configured to measure a weight of an item on the surface; an off-platter detection assembly configured to detect whether a portion of the item is not resting on the weigh platter; a communication interface configured to communicate with a point-of-sale (POS) system; a processor in communication with the weigh platter, the off-platter detection assembly and the communication interface; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the barcode reading and weighing apparatus to, when the portion of the item is not resting on the weigh platter, disable the weigh platter. 15. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 14, wherein the storage medium stores further instructions that, when executed, cause the weigh platter to provide an alert when the portion of the item is not resting on the weigh platter. 16. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 14, wherein the storage medium stores further instructions that, when executed, cause the weigh platter to, when the item is wholly resting on the weigh platter, send the weight to the POS system via the communication interface. 17. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 14, wherein the barcode reading and weighing apparatus comprises another surface around the weigh platter, wherein the surface is substantially coplanar with the weigh platter. 18. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 14, wherein the off-platter detection assembly includes:
a light emission assembly having a light source, the light emission assembly configured to emit a light away from a proximal edge of the surface; and a light detection assembly having a light sensor, the light detection assembly configured to detect at least a portion of the light reflected towards the proximal edge. 19. A barcode reading and weighing apparatus, the barcode reading and weighing apparatus comprising:
a weigh platter having a surface extending in a first transverse plane; a scale configured to measure a weight of an item on the surface; an off-platter detection assembly configured to detect whether a portion of the item is not resting on the weigh platter; a communication interface configured to communicate with a point-of-sale (POS) system; a processor in communication with the weigh platter, the off-platter detection assembly and the communication interface; and a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the barcode reading and weighing apparatus to:
identify a weight priority associated with the item,
when the weight priority is a first priority and the item is not wholly resting on the weigh platter, provide an indication that the item is not wholly resting on weigh platter, and
when the weight priority is a second priority and the item is not wholly resting on the weigh platter, send the weight measured by the scale to a POS system. 20. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 19, wherein the weight is useable at the POS system to at least one of charge a customer for the item, or verify the item. 21. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 19, wherein the storage medium stores further instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the barcode reading and weighing apparatus to provide the indication to the POS system. 22. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 19, further comprising a barcode reader to read a barcode on the item. 23. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 19, wherein the storage medium stores further instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the barcode reading and weighing apparatus to, when the weight priority is the first priority and the item is not wholly resting on the weigh platter, additionally provide the measured weight. 24. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 19, wherein the storage medium stores further instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the barcode reading and weighing apparatus to alert a user of the barcode reading and weighing apparatus of an invalid weight when the weight priority is the first priority and the item is not wholly resting on the weigh platter, and not alert the user when the weight priority is the second priority and the item is not wholly resting on the weigh platter. 25. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 19, wherein the first priority is associated with at least one of a more expensive item or a higher cost-per-unit-weight item, and the second priority is associated with at least one of a less expensive item or a lower cost-per-unit-weight item. 26. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 25, wherein the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing instructions, when executed by the processor, cause the barcode reading and weighing apparatus to identify the item with the first priority or the second priority based on a user controllable threshold. 27. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 19, wherein the storage medium stores further instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the barcode reading and weighing apparatus to determine an identification of the item using at least one of an object recognition algorithm trained using machine learning, a barcode or a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, and compare the identification with a list of identifiers associated with priority items. 28. The barcode reading and weighing apparatus of claim 19, wherein the storage medium stores a list of item identifiers associated with the first priority. 29-48. (canceled)
| 3,600
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337,903
| 16,799,516
| 3,773
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Systems, devices and methods for dilating and/or expanding the iris of a patient's eye during eye surgery is disclosed, comprising an elastomeric ring made from biocompatible material having a groove formed therein for receiving and protecting the pupillary rim and iris, whereby, when the ring is inserted into the pupil of an eye of a patient, it mechanically dilates the pupil.
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1. A pupillary dilation and protection device comprising:
a biocompatible elastic ring having a receiver capable of receiving wirelessly transmitted energy, the biocompatible elastic ring further having a radially outwardly extending annular anterior flange, a radially outwardly extending annular posterior flange and an interconnecting annular inner wall forming a generally U-shaped annular groove; said anterior flange having a radial dimension larger than said posterior flange; and said posterior flange having an interior wall surface facing towards the anterior flange, the interior wall surface having a peripheral ridge portion and a central rim portion proximate to the interconnecting annular inner wall, the interior wall surface being tapered away from the anterior flange such that the central rim portion is closer to the anterior flange than the peripheral ridge portion; whereby when said ring is inserted into the pupil of an eye, said groove engages and mechanically dilates the pupillary rim. 2. The pupillary dilation and protection device of claim 1 wherein said biocompatible elastic ring is made from an organosilicone polymer. 3. The pupillary dilation device of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of openings formed completely through the anterior flange. 4. The pupillary dilation device of claim 3, wherein the plurality of openings formed completely through the anterior flange comprise holes of a plurality of sizes. 5. The pupillary dilation device of claim 3, wherein the plurality of openings formed completely through the anterior flange comprise a pair of holes sized and configured for passing sutures therethrough. 6. The pupillary dilation device of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of openings formed completely through the interconnecting annular inner wall. 7. The pupillary dilation device of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of grooves formed into the interior wall surface of the posterior flange. 8. The pupillary dilation device of claim 1, further comprising a light source attached to the posterior flange. 9. The pupillary dilation and protection device of claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of said ring is from about 5 mm to about 9 mm. 10. The pupillary dilation and protection device of claim 1, wherein the outer diameter of said ring is from about 8 mm to about 16 mm. 11. The pupillary dilation and protection device of claim 1 wherein said annular C-shaped groove has an internal diameter of about 0.3 mm to about 1 mm.
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Systems, devices and methods for dilating and/or expanding the iris of a patient's eye during eye surgery is disclosed, comprising an elastomeric ring made from biocompatible material having a groove formed therein for receiving and protecting the pupillary rim and iris, whereby, when the ring is inserted into the pupil of an eye of a patient, it mechanically dilates the pupil.1. A pupillary dilation and protection device comprising:
a biocompatible elastic ring having a receiver capable of receiving wirelessly transmitted energy, the biocompatible elastic ring further having a radially outwardly extending annular anterior flange, a radially outwardly extending annular posterior flange and an interconnecting annular inner wall forming a generally U-shaped annular groove; said anterior flange having a radial dimension larger than said posterior flange; and said posterior flange having an interior wall surface facing towards the anterior flange, the interior wall surface having a peripheral ridge portion and a central rim portion proximate to the interconnecting annular inner wall, the interior wall surface being tapered away from the anterior flange such that the central rim portion is closer to the anterior flange than the peripheral ridge portion; whereby when said ring is inserted into the pupil of an eye, said groove engages and mechanically dilates the pupillary rim. 2. The pupillary dilation and protection device of claim 1 wherein said biocompatible elastic ring is made from an organosilicone polymer. 3. The pupillary dilation device of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of openings formed completely through the anterior flange. 4. The pupillary dilation device of claim 3, wherein the plurality of openings formed completely through the anterior flange comprise holes of a plurality of sizes. 5. The pupillary dilation device of claim 3, wherein the plurality of openings formed completely through the anterior flange comprise a pair of holes sized and configured for passing sutures therethrough. 6. The pupillary dilation device of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of openings formed completely through the interconnecting annular inner wall. 7. The pupillary dilation device of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of grooves formed into the interior wall surface of the posterior flange. 8. The pupillary dilation device of claim 1, further comprising a light source attached to the posterior flange. 9. The pupillary dilation and protection device of claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of said ring is from about 5 mm to about 9 mm. 10. The pupillary dilation and protection device of claim 1, wherein the outer diameter of said ring is from about 8 mm to about 16 mm. 11. The pupillary dilation and protection device of claim 1 wherein said annular C-shaped groove has an internal diameter of about 0.3 mm to about 1 mm.
| 3,700
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337,904
| 16,799,524
| 2,647
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Systems, devices and methods for dilating and/or expanding the iris of a patient's eye during eye surgery is disclosed, comprising an elastomeric ring made from biocompatible material having a groove formed therein for receiving and protecting the pupillary rim and iris, whereby, when the ring is inserted into the pupil of an eye of a patient, it mechanically dilates the pupil.
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1. A pupillary dilation and protection device comprising:
a biocompatible elastic ring having a receiver capable of receiving wirelessly transmitted energy, the biocompatible elastic ring further having a radially outwardly extending annular anterior flange, a radially outwardly extending annular posterior flange and an interconnecting annular inner wall forming a generally U-shaped annular groove; said anterior flange having a radial dimension larger than said posterior flange; and said posterior flange having an interior wall surface facing towards the anterior flange, the interior wall surface having a peripheral ridge portion and a central rim portion proximate to the interconnecting annular inner wall, the interior wall surface being tapered away from the anterior flange such that the central rim portion is closer to the anterior flange than the peripheral ridge portion; whereby when said ring is inserted into the pupil of an eye, said groove engages and mechanically dilates the pupillary rim. 2. The pupillary dilation and protection device of claim 1 wherein said biocompatible elastic ring is made from an organosilicone polymer. 3. The pupillary dilation device of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of openings formed completely through the anterior flange. 4. The pupillary dilation device of claim 3, wherein the plurality of openings formed completely through the anterior flange comprise holes of a plurality of sizes. 5. The pupillary dilation device of claim 3, wherein the plurality of openings formed completely through the anterior flange comprise a pair of holes sized and configured for passing sutures therethrough. 6. The pupillary dilation device of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of openings formed completely through the interconnecting annular inner wall. 7. The pupillary dilation device of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of grooves formed into the interior wall surface of the posterior flange. 8. The pupillary dilation device of claim 1, further comprising a light source attached to the posterior flange. 9. The pupillary dilation and protection device of claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of said ring is from about 5 mm to about 9 mm. 10. The pupillary dilation and protection device of claim 1, wherein the outer diameter of said ring is from about 8 mm to about 16 mm. 11. The pupillary dilation and protection device of claim 1 wherein said annular C-shaped groove has an internal diameter of about 0.3 mm to about 1 mm.
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Systems, devices and methods for dilating and/or expanding the iris of a patient's eye during eye surgery is disclosed, comprising an elastomeric ring made from biocompatible material having a groove formed therein for receiving and protecting the pupillary rim and iris, whereby, when the ring is inserted into the pupil of an eye of a patient, it mechanically dilates the pupil.1. A pupillary dilation and protection device comprising:
a biocompatible elastic ring having a receiver capable of receiving wirelessly transmitted energy, the biocompatible elastic ring further having a radially outwardly extending annular anterior flange, a radially outwardly extending annular posterior flange and an interconnecting annular inner wall forming a generally U-shaped annular groove; said anterior flange having a radial dimension larger than said posterior flange; and said posterior flange having an interior wall surface facing towards the anterior flange, the interior wall surface having a peripheral ridge portion and a central rim portion proximate to the interconnecting annular inner wall, the interior wall surface being tapered away from the anterior flange such that the central rim portion is closer to the anterior flange than the peripheral ridge portion; whereby when said ring is inserted into the pupil of an eye, said groove engages and mechanically dilates the pupillary rim. 2. The pupillary dilation and protection device of claim 1 wherein said biocompatible elastic ring is made from an organosilicone polymer. 3. The pupillary dilation device of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of openings formed completely through the anterior flange. 4. The pupillary dilation device of claim 3, wherein the plurality of openings formed completely through the anterior flange comprise holes of a plurality of sizes. 5. The pupillary dilation device of claim 3, wherein the plurality of openings formed completely through the anterior flange comprise a pair of holes sized and configured for passing sutures therethrough. 6. The pupillary dilation device of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of openings formed completely through the interconnecting annular inner wall. 7. The pupillary dilation device of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of grooves formed into the interior wall surface of the posterior flange. 8. The pupillary dilation device of claim 1, further comprising a light source attached to the posterior flange. 9. The pupillary dilation and protection device of claim 1, wherein the inner diameter of said ring is from about 5 mm to about 9 mm. 10. The pupillary dilation and protection device of claim 1, wherein the outer diameter of said ring is from about 8 mm to about 16 mm. 11. The pupillary dilation and protection device of claim 1 wherein said annular C-shaped groove has an internal diameter of about 0.3 mm to about 1 mm.
| 2,600
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337,905
| 16,799,514
| 2,117
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An information processing device is connected to a measurement device provided in the vicinity of a machine tool for machining a workpiece using a tool and a numerical control device configured to control the machine tool. The information processing device includes: a display unit configured to display information; a first acquisition unit configured to acquire, from the measurement device, measurement information measured by the measurement device; a second acquisition unit configured to acquire, from the numerical control device, state information indicating a state of the machine tool; and a display control unit configured to cause the display unit to display the measurement information and the state information.
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1. An information processing device that is connected to a measurement device and a numerical control device, the measurement device being provided in a vicinity of a machine tool configured to machine a workpiece using a tool, the numerical control device being configured to control the machine tool, the information processing device comprising:
a display unit configured to display information; a first acquisition unit configured to acquire, from the measurement device, measurement information measured by the measurement device; a second acquisition unit configured to acquire, from the numerical control device, state information indicating a state of the machine tool; and a display control unit configured to cause the display unit to display the measurement information and the state information. 2. The information processing device according to claim 1, further comprising an arithmetic unit configured to calculate control information for controlling the numerical control device, based on the measurement information. 3. The information processing device according to claim 2, wherein:
the measurement device includes an imaging unit configured to capture an image of the tool or the workpiece at a specified imaging magnification; and the arithmetic unit is configured to, when the imaging magnification is changed, calculate a movement command position for the tool or the workpiece based on the imaging magnifications before being changed and after being changed, in a manner that a relative positional relationship between a specific point of the tool or the workpiece on the image captured by the imaging unit and an imaging center position on the image is maintained before and after the imaging magnification is changed. 4. The information processing device according to claim 3, further comprising a specific point setting unit configured to set as the specific point, an arbitrary point on the tool or the workpiece on the image, the arbitrary point being specified by an operator. 5. The information processing device according to claim 3, further comprising a specific point setting unit configured to extract a predetermined feature point on the tool or the workpiece by analyzing the image, and to set the extracted feature point as the specific point. 6. The information processing device according to claim 3, wherein the arithmetic unit includes a relative position calculating unit configured to calculate a relative positional relationship between the specific point and the imaging center position in a machine coordinate system, based on the imaging magnification and a position of the specific point on the image, and the arithmetic unit is configured to, when the imaging magnification is changed, calculate the movement command position based on the calculated relative positional relationship in the machine coordinate system and the imaging magnifications before being changed and after being changed. 7. The information processing device according to claim 6, wherein:
the relative positional relationship in the machine coordinate system includes a direction of the specific point as viewed from the imaging center position in the machine coordinate system and a distance between the imaging center position and the specific point in the machine coordinate system; and the arithmetic unit is configured to calculate the movement command position in a manner so that the specific point moves to a position of an intersecting point between the direction and a circle having a radius of Lr×1/α from the imaging center position in the machine coordinate system, where α denotes a ratio of the imaging magnification after being changed to the imaging magnification before being changed, and Lr denotes the distance. 8. The information processing device according to claim 3, wherein the imaging unit is configured to capture the image of the tool or the workpiece from a direction that intersects a plane defined by a first direction in which the tool or the workpiece axially moves and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. 9. An information processing method for an information processing device that is connected to a measurement device and a numerical control device, the measurement device being provided in a vicinity of a machine tool configured to machine a workpiece using a tool, the numerical control device being configured to control the machine tool, the information processing method comprising:
an acquisition step of acquiring, from the measurement device, measurement information measured by the measurement device, and acquiring, from the numerical control device, state information indicating a state of the machine tool; and a display step of causing a display unit to display the measurement information and the state information. 10. The information processing method according to claim 9, further comprising an arithmetic step of calculating control information for controlling the numerical control device, based on the measurement information. 11. The information processing method according to claim 10, wherein:
the measurement device includes an imaging unit configured to capture an image of the tool or the workpiece at a specified imaging magnification; and when the imaging magnification is changed, the arithmetic step calculates a movement command position for the tool or the workpiece based on the imaging magnifications before being changed and after being changed, in a manner that a relative positional relationship between a specific point of the tool or the workpiece on the image captured by the imaging unit and an imaging center position on the image is maintained before and after the imaging magnification is changed. 12. The information processing method according to claim 11, further comprising a specific point setting step of setting as the specific point, an arbitrary point on the tool or the workpiece on the image, the arbitrary point being specified by an operator. 13. The information processing method according to claim 11, further comprising a specific point setting step of extracting a predetermined feature point on the tool or the workpiece by analyzing the image, and setting the extracted feature point as the specific point. 14. The information processing method according to claim 11, further comprising a relative position calculating step of calculating a relative positional relationship between the specific point and the imaging center position in a machine coordinate system, based on the imaging magnification and a position of the specific point on the image,
wherein, when the imaging magnification is changed, the arithmetic step calculates the movement command position based on the calculated relative positional relationship in the machine coordinate system and the imaging magnifications before being changed and after being changed. 15. The information processing method according to claim 14, wherein:
the relative positional relationship in the machine coordinate system includes a direction of the specific point as viewed from the imaging center position in the machine coordinate system and a distance between the imaging center position and the specific point in the machine coordinate system; and the arithmetic step calculates the movement command position in a manner so that the specific point moves to a position of an intersecting point between the direction and a circle having a radius of Lr×1/α from the imaging center position in the machine coordinate system, where α denotes a ratio of the imaging magnification after being changed to the imaging magnification before being changed, and Lr denotes the distance.
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An information processing device is connected to a measurement device provided in the vicinity of a machine tool for machining a workpiece using a tool and a numerical control device configured to control the machine tool. The information processing device includes: a display unit configured to display information; a first acquisition unit configured to acquire, from the measurement device, measurement information measured by the measurement device; a second acquisition unit configured to acquire, from the numerical control device, state information indicating a state of the machine tool; and a display control unit configured to cause the display unit to display the measurement information and the state information.1. An information processing device that is connected to a measurement device and a numerical control device, the measurement device being provided in a vicinity of a machine tool configured to machine a workpiece using a tool, the numerical control device being configured to control the machine tool, the information processing device comprising:
a display unit configured to display information; a first acquisition unit configured to acquire, from the measurement device, measurement information measured by the measurement device; a second acquisition unit configured to acquire, from the numerical control device, state information indicating a state of the machine tool; and a display control unit configured to cause the display unit to display the measurement information and the state information. 2. The information processing device according to claim 1, further comprising an arithmetic unit configured to calculate control information for controlling the numerical control device, based on the measurement information. 3. The information processing device according to claim 2, wherein:
the measurement device includes an imaging unit configured to capture an image of the tool or the workpiece at a specified imaging magnification; and the arithmetic unit is configured to, when the imaging magnification is changed, calculate a movement command position for the tool or the workpiece based on the imaging magnifications before being changed and after being changed, in a manner that a relative positional relationship between a specific point of the tool or the workpiece on the image captured by the imaging unit and an imaging center position on the image is maintained before and after the imaging magnification is changed. 4. The information processing device according to claim 3, further comprising a specific point setting unit configured to set as the specific point, an arbitrary point on the tool or the workpiece on the image, the arbitrary point being specified by an operator. 5. The information processing device according to claim 3, further comprising a specific point setting unit configured to extract a predetermined feature point on the tool or the workpiece by analyzing the image, and to set the extracted feature point as the specific point. 6. The information processing device according to claim 3, wherein the arithmetic unit includes a relative position calculating unit configured to calculate a relative positional relationship between the specific point and the imaging center position in a machine coordinate system, based on the imaging magnification and a position of the specific point on the image, and the arithmetic unit is configured to, when the imaging magnification is changed, calculate the movement command position based on the calculated relative positional relationship in the machine coordinate system and the imaging magnifications before being changed and after being changed. 7. The information processing device according to claim 6, wherein:
the relative positional relationship in the machine coordinate system includes a direction of the specific point as viewed from the imaging center position in the machine coordinate system and a distance between the imaging center position and the specific point in the machine coordinate system; and the arithmetic unit is configured to calculate the movement command position in a manner so that the specific point moves to a position of an intersecting point between the direction and a circle having a radius of Lr×1/α from the imaging center position in the machine coordinate system, where α denotes a ratio of the imaging magnification after being changed to the imaging magnification before being changed, and Lr denotes the distance. 8. The information processing device according to claim 3, wherein the imaging unit is configured to capture the image of the tool or the workpiece from a direction that intersects a plane defined by a first direction in which the tool or the workpiece axially moves and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. 9. An information processing method for an information processing device that is connected to a measurement device and a numerical control device, the measurement device being provided in a vicinity of a machine tool configured to machine a workpiece using a tool, the numerical control device being configured to control the machine tool, the information processing method comprising:
an acquisition step of acquiring, from the measurement device, measurement information measured by the measurement device, and acquiring, from the numerical control device, state information indicating a state of the machine tool; and a display step of causing a display unit to display the measurement information and the state information. 10. The information processing method according to claim 9, further comprising an arithmetic step of calculating control information for controlling the numerical control device, based on the measurement information. 11. The information processing method according to claim 10, wherein:
the measurement device includes an imaging unit configured to capture an image of the tool or the workpiece at a specified imaging magnification; and when the imaging magnification is changed, the arithmetic step calculates a movement command position for the tool or the workpiece based on the imaging magnifications before being changed and after being changed, in a manner that a relative positional relationship between a specific point of the tool or the workpiece on the image captured by the imaging unit and an imaging center position on the image is maintained before and after the imaging magnification is changed. 12. The information processing method according to claim 11, further comprising a specific point setting step of setting as the specific point, an arbitrary point on the tool or the workpiece on the image, the arbitrary point being specified by an operator. 13. The information processing method according to claim 11, further comprising a specific point setting step of extracting a predetermined feature point on the tool or the workpiece by analyzing the image, and setting the extracted feature point as the specific point. 14. The information processing method according to claim 11, further comprising a relative position calculating step of calculating a relative positional relationship between the specific point and the imaging center position in a machine coordinate system, based on the imaging magnification and a position of the specific point on the image,
wherein, when the imaging magnification is changed, the arithmetic step calculates the movement command position based on the calculated relative positional relationship in the machine coordinate system and the imaging magnifications before being changed and after being changed. 15. The information processing method according to claim 14, wherein:
the relative positional relationship in the machine coordinate system includes a direction of the specific point as viewed from the imaging center position in the machine coordinate system and a distance between the imaging center position and the specific point in the machine coordinate system; and the arithmetic step calculates the movement command position in a manner so that the specific point moves to a position of an intersecting point between the direction and a circle having a radius of Lr×1/α from the imaging center position in the machine coordinate system, where α denotes a ratio of the imaging magnification after being changed to the imaging magnification before being changed, and Lr denotes the distance.
| 2,100
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337,906
| 16,799,523
| 2,117
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A well plate assembly with an interior channel system in the well plate lid provides a more efficient and uniform distribution of fluid into a receptacle positioned below the well plate lid. The channel system in the lid allows air, or other fluid, to pass through with the use of a pump to each of a plurality of channels in the receptacle. Inlet and outlet valves in the lid prevent a gasket positioned between the lid and the receptacle from releasing contact with the receptacle due to high pressure experienced during the injection of fluid into the assembly. Specifically, pressure under a specified tolerance passes through the inlet valves, and if the pressure within the channel system exceeds the limit of the outlet valve, the outlet valve opens and allows air to escape the lid safely without disturbing the fluid flow into the channels below.
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1. A receptacle lid comprising:
an inlet channel configured to receive fluid from a content source coupled to the well plate lid; a plurality of delivery valves, each delivery valve having an input configured to receive fluid from the inlet channel and an output configured to deliver fluid to a receptacle when the lid is connected to the receptacle; an interior channel system coupled to the inlet channel and configured to distribute the received fluid from the inlet valve to the inputs of the plurality of delivery valves, wherein the fluid is delivered to the receptacle through the delivery valves responsive to a pressure in the interior channel system exceeding a first threshold; an outlet valve configured to open to allow release of air and fluid responsive to the pressure in the interior channel system exceeding a second threshold. 2. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the receptacle is a well plate. 3. The receptacle lid of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of lid clips extending downward from a bottom of the receptacle lid and configured to secure the receptacle lid to a bottom of the receptacle. 4. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the receptacle lid is coupled to a gasket comprising a unitary sheet with a plurality of extrusions mapped to a size and shape of the receptacle, the gasket positioned between the receptacle lid and the receptacle. 5. The receptacle lid of claim 4, wherein each delivery valve includes a sealing disc attached at a bottom of a valve stem, the sealing disc extending through an extrusion in the gasket and into the receptacle. 6. The receptacle lid of claim 4, wherein the receptacle is a well plate and wherein the extrusions extend into each well of the well plate. 7. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein a flow of fluid in the interior channel system is bidirectional. 8. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the first threshold pressure is approximately three pounds per square inch (PSI). 9. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the second threshold pressure is approximately four pounds per square inch (PSI). 10. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the inlet channel is positioned at a first end of the receptacle lid. 11. The receptacle lid of claim 10, wherein the outlet valve is positioned at a second end of the receptacle lid, the second end opposite the first end. 12. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the outlet valve is positioned on a top surface of the receptacle lid. 13. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the delivery valves are umbrella valves. 14. The receptacle lid of claim 13, wherein a rate of fluid flow into a given receptacle varies based on a position of the corresponding umbrella valve. 15. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the outlet valve is an umbrella valve.
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A well plate assembly with an interior channel system in the well plate lid provides a more efficient and uniform distribution of fluid into a receptacle positioned below the well plate lid. The channel system in the lid allows air, or other fluid, to pass through with the use of a pump to each of a plurality of channels in the receptacle. Inlet and outlet valves in the lid prevent a gasket positioned between the lid and the receptacle from releasing contact with the receptacle due to high pressure experienced during the injection of fluid into the assembly. Specifically, pressure under a specified tolerance passes through the inlet valves, and if the pressure within the channel system exceeds the limit of the outlet valve, the outlet valve opens and allows air to escape the lid safely without disturbing the fluid flow into the channels below.1. A receptacle lid comprising:
an inlet channel configured to receive fluid from a content source coupled to the well plate lid; a plurality of delivery valves, each delivery valve having an input configured to receive fluid from the inlet channel and an output configured to deliver fluid to a receptacle when the lid is connected to the receptacle; an interior channel system coupled to the inlet channel and configured to distribute the received fluid from the inlet valve to the inputs of the plurality of delivery valves, wherein the fluid is delivered to the receptacle through the delivery valves responsive to a pressure in the interior channel system exceeding a first threshold; an outlet valve configured to open to allow release of air and fluid responsive to the pressure in the interior channel system exceeding a second threshold. 2. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the receptacle is a well plate. 3. The receptacle lid of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of lid clips extending downward from a bottom of the receptacle lid and configured to secure the receptacle lid to a bottom of the receptacle. 4. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the receptacle lid is coupled to a gasket comprising a unitary sheet with a plurality of extrusions mapped to a size and shape of the receptacle, the gasket positioned between the receptacle lid and the receptacle. 5. The receptacle lid of claim 4, wherein each delivery valve includes a sealing disc attached at a bottom of a valve stem, the sealing disc extending through an extrusion in the gasket and into the receptacle. 6. The receptacle lid of claim 4, wherein the receptacle is a well plate and wherein the extrusions extend into each well of the well plate. 7. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein a flow of fluid in the interior channel system is bidirectional. 8. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the first threshold pressure is approximately three pounds per square inch (PSI). 9. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the second threshold pressure is approximately four pounds per square inch (PSI). 10. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the inlet channel is positioned at a first end of the receptacle lid. 11. The receptacle lid of claim 10, wherein the outlet valve is positioned at a second end of the receptacle lid, the second end opposite the first end. 12. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the outlet valve is positioned on a top surface of the receptacle lid. 13. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the delivery valves are umbrella valves. 14. The receptacle lid of claim 13, wherein a rate of fluid flow into a given receptacle varies based on a position of the corresponding umbrella valve. 15. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the outlet valve is an umbrella valve.
| 2,100
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337,907
| 16,799,547
| 2,117
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A well plate assembly with an interior channel system in the well plate lid provides a more efficient and uniform distribution of fluid into a receptacle positioned below the well plate lid. The channel system in the lid allows air, or other fluid, to pass through with the use of a pump to each of a plurality of channels in the receptacle. Inlet and outlet valves in the lid prevent a gasket positioned between the lid and the receptacle from releasing contact with the receptacle due to high pressure experienced during the injection of fluid into the assembly. Specifically, pressure under a specified tolerance passes through the inlet valves, and if the pressure within the channel system exceeds the limit of the outlet valve, the outlet valve opens and allows air to escape the lid safely without disturbing the fluid flow into the channels below.
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1. A receptacle lid comprising:
an inlet channel configured to receive fluid from a content source coupled to the well plate lid; a plurality of delivery valves, each delivery valve having an input configured to receive fluid from the inlet channel and an output configured to deliver fluid to a receptacle when the lid is connected to the receptacle; an interior channel system coupled to the inlet channel and configured to distribute the received fluid from the inlet valve to the inputs of the plurality of delivery valves, wherein the fluid is delivered to the receptacle through the delivery valves responsive to a pressure in the interior channel system exceeding a first threshold; an outlet valve configured to open to allow release of air and fluid responsive to the pressure in the interior channel system exceeding a second threshold. 2. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the receptacle is a well plate. 3. The receptacle lid of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of lid clips extending downward from a bottom of the receptacle lid and configured to secure the receptacle lid to a bottom of the receptacle. 4. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the receptacle lid is coupled to a gasket comprising a unitary sheet with a plurality of extrusions mapped to a size and shape of the receptacle, the gasket positioned between the receptacle lid and the receptacle. 5. The receptacle lid of claim 4, wherein each delivery valve includes a sealing disc attached at a bottom of a valve stem, the sealing disc extending through an extrusion in the gasket and into the receptacle. 6. The receptacle lid of claim 4, wherein the receptacle is a well plate and wherein the extrusions extend into each well of the well plate. 7. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein a flow of fluid in the interior channel system is bidirectional. 8. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the first threshold pressure is approximately three pounds per square inch (PSI). 9. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the second threshold pressure is approximately four pounds per square inch (PSI). 10. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the inlet channel is positioned at a first end of the receptacle lid. 11. The receptacle lid of claim 10, wherein the outlet valve is positioned at a second end of the receptacle lid, the second end opposite the first end. 12. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the outlet valve is positioned on a top surface of the receptacle lid. 13. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the delivery valves are umbrella valves. 14. The receptacle lid of claim 13, wherein a rate of fluid flow into a given receptacle varies based on a position of the corresponding umbrella valve. 15. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the outlet valve is an umbrella valve.
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A well plate assembly with an interior channel system in the well plate lid provides a more efficient and uniform distribution of fluid into a receptacle positioned below the well plate lid. The channel system in the lid allows air, or other fluid, to pass through with the use of a pump to each of a plurality of channels in the receptacle. Inlet and outlet valves in the lid prevent a gasket positioned between the lid and the receptacle from releasing contact with the receptacle due to high pressure experienced during the injection of fluid into the assembly. Specifically, pressure under a specified tolerance passes through the inlet valves, and if the pressure within the channel system exceeds the limit of the outlet valve, the outlet valve opens and allows air to escape the lid safely without disturbing the fluid flow into the channels below.1. A receptacle lid comprising:
an inlet channel configured to receive fluid from a content source coupled to the well plate lid; a plurality of delivery valves, each delivery valve having an input configured to receive fluid from the inlet channel and an output configured to deliver fluid to a receptacle when the lid is connected to the receptacle; an interior channel system coupled to the inlet channel and configured to distribute the received fluid from the inlet valve to the inputs of the plurality of delivery valves, wherein the fluid is delivered to the receptacle through the delivery valves responsive to a pressure in the interior channel system exceeding a first threshold; an outlet valve configured to open to allow release of air and fluid responsive to the pressure in the interior channel system exceeding a second threshold. 2. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the receptacle is a well plate. 3. The receptacle lid of claim 1, further comprising:
a plurality of lid clips extending downward from a bottom of the receptacle lid and configured to secure the receptacle lid to a bottom of the receptacle. 4. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the receptacle lid is coupled to a gasket comprising a unitary sheet with a plurality of extrusions mapped to a size and shape of the receptacle, the gasket positioned between the receptacle lid and the receptacle. 5. The receptacle lid of claim 4, wherein each delivery valve includes a sealing disc attached at a bottom of a valve stem, the sealing disc extending through an extrusion in the gasket and into the receptacle. 6. The receptacle lid of claim 4, wherein the receptacle is a well plate and wherein the extrusions extend into each well of the well plate. 7. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein a flow of fluid in the interior channel system is bidirectional. 8. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the first threshold pressure is approximately three pounds per square inch (PSI). 9. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the second threshold pressure is approximately four pounds per square inch (PSI). 10. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the inlet channel is positioned at a first end of the receptacle lid. 11. The receptacle lid of claim 10, wherein the outlet valve is positioned at a second end of the receptacle lid, the second end opposite the first end. 12. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the outlet valve is positioned on a top surface of the receptacle lid. 13. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the delivery valves are umbrella valves. 14. The receptacle lid of claim 13, wherein a rate of fluid flow into a given receptacle varies based on a position of the corresponding umbrella valve. 15. The receptacle lid of claim 1, wherein the outlet valve is an umbrella valve.
| 2,100
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337,908
| 16,799,538
| 2,117
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The present document relates to a method for transmitting a signal using a long sequence in a wireless communication system. According to the method, a transmission side device transmits a signal using the long sequence comprising a combination of a plurality of sub-subsequences, wherein each of the plurality of sub-subsequences comprises a combination of a plurality of short base sequences, each having a length equal to or shorter than a predetermined length, and sequences obtained by multiplying each of the base sequences by a cover sequence.
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1. A user equipment (UE) operating in a narrowband Internet of Things (NB IoT) system, the UE comprising:
a transceiver configured to receive an NB primary synchronization signal (NB PSS) based on a first Zadoff-Chu sequence having one predefined root index on a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, and to receive an NB secondary synchronization signal (NB SSS) based on a second Zadoff-Chu sequence; and a processor configured to process the NB PSS and the NB SSS received by the transceiver, wherein the processor identifies an NB cell identifier only based on the NB SSS among the NB PSS and the NB SSS, wherein the first Zadoff-Chu sequence is multiplied in each of the plurality of OFDM symbols by each element of a cover sequence, wherein the second Zadoff-Chu sequence is multiplied by each element of a scrambling sequence, and wherein a multiplication between the first Zadoff-Chu sequence and the cover sequence is in a unit of OFDM symbol while a multiplication between the second Zadoff-Chu sequence and the scrambling sequence is in a unit of element of each sequence. 2. The UE of claim 1, wherein the NB IoT system provides communication service through a narrow band corresponding to a partial system bandwidth of a wireless communication system. 3. The UE of claim 1, wherein the plurality of OFDM symbols are consecutively arranged in a time domain. 4. The UE of claim 1, wherein the number of the plurality of OFDM symbols is equal to a difference between the number of OFDM symbols included in one subframe and the number of OFDM symbols available for transmission of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). 5. The UE of claim 1, wherein the transceiver receives the NB PSS and the NB SSS with a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. 6. An evolved node B (eNB) operating in a narrowband Internet of Things (NB IoT) system, the eNB comprising:
a processor configured to generate an NB primary synchronization signal (NB PSS) based on a first Zadoff-Chu sequence having one predefined root index on a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, and to generate an NB secondary synchronization signal (NB SSS) based on a second Zadoff-Chu sequence; and a transceiver connected to the processor and configured to transmit the NB PSS and the NB SSS to at least one user equipment (UE), wherein the processor is configured to generate the NB PSS by multiplying, in a unit of OFDM symbol, the first Zadoff-Chu sequence and each element of a cover sequence, wherein the processor is configured to generate the NB SSS by multiplying, in a unit of element of each sequence, the second Zadoff-Chu sequence and a scrambling sequence, and wherein only the NB SSS, among the NB PSS and the NB SSS, is used for identifying an NB cell identifier. 7. The eNB of claim 6, wherein the NB IoT system provides communication service through a narrow band corresponding to a partial system bandwidth of a wireless communication system. 8. The eNB of claim 6, wherein the plurality of OFDM symbols are consecutively arranged in a time domain. 9. The eNB of claim 6, wherein the number of the plurality of OFDM symbols is equal to a difference between the number of OFDM symbols included in one subframe and the number of OFDM symbols available for transmission of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). 10. The eNB of claim 6, wherein the transceiver transmits the NB PSS and the NB SSS with a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz.
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The present document relates to a method for transmitting a signal using a long sequence in a wireless communication system. According to the method, a transmission side device transmits a signal using the long sequence comprising a combination of a plurality of sub-subsequences, wherein each of the plurality of sub-subsequences comprises a combination of a plurality of short base sequences, each having a length equal to or shorter than a predetermined length, and sequences obtained by multiplying each of the base sequences by a cover sequence.1. A user equipment (UE) operating in a narrowband Internet of Things (NB IoT) system, the UE comprising:
a transceiver configured to receive an NB primary synchronization signal (NB PSS) based on a first Zadoff-Chu sequence having one predefined root index on a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, and to receive an NB secondary synchronization signal (NB SSS) based on a second Zadoff-Chu sequence; and a processor configured to process the NB PSS and the NB SSS received by the transceiver, wherein the processor identifies an NB cell identifier only based on the NB SSS among the NB PSS and the NB SSS, wherein the first Zadoff-Chu sequence is multiplied in each of the plurality of OFDM symbols by each element of a cover sequence, wherein the second Zadoff-Chu sequence is multiplied by each element of a scrambling sequence, and wherein a multiplication between the first Zadoff-Chu sequence and the cover sequence is in a unit of OFDM symbol while a multiplication between the second Zadoff-Chu sequence and the scrambling sequence is in a unit of element of each sequence. 2. The UE of claim 1, wherein the NB IoT system provides communication service through a narrow band corresponding to a partial system bandwidth of a wireless communication system. 3. The UE of claim 1, wherein the plurality of OFDM symbols are consecutively arranged in a time domain. 4. The UE of claim 1, wherein the number of the plurality of OFDM symbols is equal to a difference between the number of OFDM symbols included in one subframe and the number of OFDM symbols available for transmission of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). 5. The UE of claim 1, wherein the transceiver receives the NB PSS and the NB SSS with a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz. 6. An evolved node B (eNB) operating in a narrowband Internet of Things (NB IoT) system, the eNB comprising:
a processor configured to generate an NB primary synchronization signal (NB PSS) based on a first Zadoff-Chu sequence having one predefined root index on a plurality of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, and to generate an NB secondary synchronization signal (NB SSS) based on a second Zadoff-Chu sequence; and a transceiver connected to the processor and configured to transmit the NB PSS and the NB SSS to at least one user equipment (UE), wherein the processor is configured to generate the NB PSS by multiplying, in a unit of OFDM symbol, the first Zadoff-Chu sequence and each element of a cover sequence, wherein the processor is configured to generate the NB SSS by multiplying, in a unit of element of each sequence, the second Zadoff-Chu sequence and a scrambling sequence, and wherein only the NB SSS, among the NB PSS and the NB SSS, is used for identifying an NB cell identifier. 7. The eNB of claim 6, wherein the NB IoT system provides communication service through a narrow band corresponding to a partial system bandwidth of a wireless communication system. 8. The eNB of claim 6, wherein the plurality of OFDM symbols are consecutively arranged in a time domain. 9. The eNB of claim 6, wherein the number of the plurality of OFDM symbols is equal to a difference between the number of OFDM symbols included in one subframe and the number of OFDM symbols available for transmission of a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). 10. The eNB of claim 6, wherein the transceiver transmits the NB PSS and the NB SSS with a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz.
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337,909
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This invention provides populations of neural cells bearing markers of glial cells, such as oligodendrocytes and their precursors. The populations are generated by differentiating pluripotent stem cells such as human embryonic stem cells under conditions that promote enrichment of cells with the desired phenotype or functional capability. Various combinations of differentiation factors and mitogens can be used to produce cell populations bearing markers of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Upon further differentiation form complex processes characteristic of mature oligodendrocytes. The cells are capable of forming myelin sheaths, and can be used therapeutically improve function of the central nervous system.
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1.-34. (canceled) 35. A first cell population and a second cell population, comprising:
a) a first cell population comprising a line of undifferentiated human pluripotent stem (PS) cells in a cell culture medium comprising a mitogen, a ligand for a thyroid hormone receptor, and a ligand for a retinoic acid receptor, wherein the mitogen and the ligands are present in an amount effective for differentiation of the line of undifferentiated human PS cells into oligodendrocyte precursor cells; and b) a second cell population comprising the oligodendrocyte precursor cells which are the in vitro progeny of the line of undifferentiated human PS cells. 36. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein the oligodendrocyte precursor cells also express A2B5. 37. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 36, wherein the oligodendrocyte precursor cells stain with antibody specific for NG2 proteoglycan and are negative for the neuronal marker NeuN. 38. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein the oligodendrocyte precursor cells also express platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFR α). 39. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein 20% or more of the oligodendrocyte precursor cells show a bipolar morphology characteristic of oligodendrocyte precursors. 40. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein implantation of the second cell population into the spinal cord of a shiverer mutant mouse causes deposition of compact myelin around neuronal axons. 41. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein implantation of the second cell population in or around the spinal cord in a contusion-injured rat causes improvement in overground locomotion compared with a contusion injured rat that does not receive the implantation of the differentiated cell population. 42. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein the mitogen is selected from the group consisting of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). 43. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein the ligand for the thyroid hormone receptor is thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3). 44. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein the ligand for the retinoic acid receptor is retinoic acid (RA). 45. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein the mitogen is basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), the ligand for the thyroid hormone receptor is thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3), and the ligand for the retinoic acid receptor is retinoic acid (RA). 46. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 45, wherein the concentration of thyroid hormone T3 is 20 ng/ml. 47. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 45, wherein the concentration of RA is 10 μM. 48. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 45, wherein the concentration of bFGF is 4 ng/ml. 49. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 45, wherein the concentration of thyroid hormone T3 is 20 ng/ml, the concentration of RA is 10 μM, and the concentration of bFGF is 4 ng/ml. 50. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein the first cell population and the second cell population are in separate containers. 51. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein the oligodendrocyte precursor cells stain positive for GalC or MBP. 52. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein the oligodendrocyte precursor cells stain positive for NP2 or GalC. 53. A method for producing glial cells from human pluripotent stem (PS) cells, comprising culturing human PS cells in medium comprising a growth factor, a ligand for a thyroid hormone receptor, and a ligand for a retinoic acid receptor. 54. The method of claim 53, comprising formulating glial cells in a composition for myelination of neurons in need thereof, wherein the glial cells are positive for GalC or MBP.
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This invention provides populations of neural cells bearing markers of glial cells, such as oligodendrocytes and their precursors. The populations are generated by differentiating pluripotent stem cells such as human embryonic stem cells under conditions that promote enrichment of cells with the desired phenotype or functional capability. Various combinations of differentiation factors and mitogens can be used to produce cell populations bearing markers of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Upon further differentiation form complex processes characteristic of mature oligodendrocytes. The cells are capable of forming myelin sheaths, and can be used therapeutically improve function of the central nervous system.1.-34. (canceled) 35. A first cell population and a second cell population, comprising:
a) a first cell population comprising a line of undifferentiated human pluripotent stem (PS) cells in a cell culture medium comprising a mitogen, a ligand for a thyroid hormone receptor, and a ligand for a retinoic acid receptor, wherein the mitogen and the ligands are present in an amount effective for differentiation of the line of undifferentiated human PS cells into oligodendrocyte precursor cells; and b) a second cell population comprising the oligodendrocyte precursor cells which are the in vitro progeny of the line of undifferentiated human PS cells. 36. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein the oligodendrocyte precursor cells also express A2B5. 37. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 36, wherein the oligodendrocyte precursor cells stain with antibody specific for NG2 proteoglycan and are negative for the neuronal marker NeuN. 38. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein the oligodendrocyte precursor cells also express platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFR α). 39. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein 20% or more of the oligodendrocyte precursor cells show a bipolar morphology characteristic of oligodendrocyte precursors. 40. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein implantation of the second cell population into the spinal cord of a shiverer mutant mouse causes deposition of compact myelin around neuronal axons. 41. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein implantation of the second cell population in or around the spinal cord in a contusion-injured rat causes improvement in overground locomotion compared with a contusion injured rat that does not receive the implantation of the differentiated cell population. 42. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein the mitogen is selected from the group consisting of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). 43. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein the ligand for the thyroid hormone receptor is thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3). 44. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein the ligand for the retinoic acid receptor is retinoic acid (RA). 45. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein the mitogen is basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), the ligand for the thyroid hormone receptor is thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3), and the ligand for the retinoic acid receptor is retinoic acid (RA). 46. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 45, wherein the concentration of thyroid hormone T3 is 20 ng/ml. 47. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 45, wherein the concentration of RA is 10 μM. 48. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 45, wherein the concentration of bFGF is 4 ng/ml. 49. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 45, wherein the concentration of thyroid hormone T3 is 20 ng/ml, the concentration of RA is 10 μM, and the concentration of bFGF is 4 ng/ml. 50. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein the first cell population and the second cell population are in separate containers. 51. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein the oligodendrocyte precursor cells stain positive for GalC or MBP. 52. The first cell population and the second cell population of claim 35, wherein the oligodendrocyte precursor cells stain positive for NP2 or GalC. 53. A method for producing glial cells from human pluripotent stem (PS) cells, comprising culturing human PS cells in medium comprising a growth factor, a ligand for a thyroid hormone receptor, and a ligand for a retinoic acid receptor. 54. The method of claim 53, comprising formulating glial cells in a composition for myelination of neurons in need thereof, wherein the glial cells are positive for GalC or MBP.
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337,910
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Disclosed are steviol glycosides referred to as rebaudioside V and rebaudioside W. Also disclosed are methods for producing rebaudioside M (Reb M), rebausoside G (Reb G), rebaudioside KA (Reb KA), rebaudioside V (Reb V) and rebaudioside (Reb W).
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1-28. (canceled) 29. A method for synthesizing rebaudioside E from rebaudioside KA, the method comprising:
(i) preparing a reaction mixture comprising (a) at least one of rebaudioside KA and stevioside, (b) substrates selected from the group consisting of sucrose, uridine diphosphate (UDP) and uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDP-glucose), and (c) a UDP-glycosyltransferase fusion enzyme comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80% identity to SEQ ID NO: 11; (ii) incubating the reaction mixture for a sufficient time to produce rebaudioside E, wherein a glucose is covalently coupled to the C2′-13-O-glucose of rebaudioside KA to produce rebaudioside E and/or wherein a glucose is covalently coupled to the C2′-19-O-glucose of rebaudioside KA to produce rebaudioside E. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the reaction mixture comprises sucrose and UDP. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein UDP-glucose is generated from sucrose and UDP present in the reaction mixture by the UDP-glycosyltransferase fusion enzyme. 32. The method of claim 29, wherein the UDP-glycosyltransferase fusion enzyme comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85% identity to SEQ ID NO: 11. 33. The method of claim 29, wherein the UDP-glycosyltransferase fusion enzyme is expressed in a host organism. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the host organism is a bacterial cell. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the host organism is a yeast cell. 36. The method of claim 33, wherein the host organism is an E. coli cell. 37. A method for synthesizing rebaudioside E from rubusoside, the method comprising:
(i) preparing a reaction mixture comprising (a) rubusoside, (b) substrates selected from the group consisting of sucrose, uridine diphosphate (UDP) and uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDP-glucose), and (c) a UDP-glycosyltransferase fusion enzyme comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80% identity to SEQ ID NO: 11; (ii) incubating the reaction mixture for a sufficient time to produce rebaudioside E, wherein a glucose is covalently coupled to rubusoside to produce rebaudioside KA or stevioside, and a glucose is covalently coupled to rebausiode KA or stevioside to produce rebaudioside E. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the reaction mixture comprises sucrose and UDP. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein UDP-glucose is generated from sucrose and UDP present in the reaction mixture by the UDP-glycosyltransferase fusion enzyme. 40. The method of claim 37, wherein the UDP-glycosyltransferase fusion enzyme comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85% identity to SEQ ID NO: 11. 41. The method of claim 37, wherein the UDP-glycosyltransferase fusion enzyme is expressed in a host organism. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the host organism is a bacterial cell. 43. The method of claim 41, wherein the host organism is a yeast cell. 44. The method of claim 41, wherein the host organism is an E. coli cell.
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Disclosed are steviol glycosides referred to as rebaudioside V and rebaudioside W. Also disclosed are methods for producing rebaudioside M (Reb M), rebausoside G (Reb G), rebaudioside KA (Reb KA), rebaudioside V (Reb V) and rebaudioside (Reb W).1-28. (canceled) 29. A method for synthesizing rebaudioside E from rebaudioside KA, the method comprising:
(i) preparing a reaction mixture comprising (a) at least one of rebaudioside KA and stevioside, (b) substrates selected from the group consisting of sucrose, uridine diphosphate (UDP) and uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDP-glucose), and (c) a UDP-glycosyltransferase fusion enzyme comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80% identity to SEQ ID NO: 11; (ii) incubating the reaction mixture for a sufficient time to produce rebaudioside E, wherein a glucose is covalently coupled to the C2′-13-O-glucose of rebaudioside KA to produce rebaudioside E and/or wherein a glucose is covalently coupled to the C2′-19-O-glucose of rebaudioside KA to produce rebaudioside E. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the reaction mixture comprises sucrose and UDP. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein UDP-glucose is generated from sucrose and UDP present in the reaction mixture by the UDP-glycosyltransferase fusion enzyme. 32. The method of claim 29, wherein the UDP-glycosyltransferase fusion enzyme comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85% identity to SEQ ID NO: 11. 33. The method of claim 29, wherein the UDP-glycosyltransferase fusion enzyme is expressed in a host organism. 34. The method of claim 33, wherein the host organism is a bacterial cell. 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the host organism is a yeast cell. 36. The method of claim 33, wherein the host organism is an E. coli cell. 37. A method for synthesizing rebaudioside E from rubusoside, the method comprising:
(i) preparing a reaction mixture comprising (a) rubusoside, (b) substrates selected from the group consisting of sucrose, uridine diphosphate (UDP) and uridine diphosphate-glucose (UDP-glucose), and (c) a UDP-glycosyltransferase fusion enzyme comprising an amino acid sequence having at least 80% identity to SEQ ID NO: 11; (ii) incubating the reaction mixture for a sufficient time to produce rebaudioside E, wherein a glucose is covalently coupled to rubusoside to produce rebaudioside KA or stevioside, and a glucose is covalently coupled to rebausiode KA or stevioside to produce rebaudioside E. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the reaction mixture comprises sucrose and UDP. 39. The method of claim 38, wherein UDP-glucose is generated from sucrose and UDP present in the reaction mixture by the UDP-glycosyltransferase fusion enzyme. 40. The method of claim 37, wherein the UDP-glycosyltransferase fusion enzyme comprises an amino acid sequence having at least 85% identity to SEQ ID NO: 11. 41. The method of claim 37, wherein the UDP-glycosyltransferase fusion enzyme is expressed in a host organism. 42. The method of claim 41, wherein the host organism is a bacterial cell. 43. The method of claim 41, wherein the host organism is a yeast cell. 44. The method of claim 41, wherein the host organism is an E. coli cell.
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337,911
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There are provided a memory system and an operating method thereof. A memory system includes: a plurality of storage regions, each including a plurality of memory cells; and a controller configured to provide a plurality of read retry sets, determine an applying order of the plurality of read retry sets based on characteristics of a read error occurred in a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and apply at least one of the read retry sets, based on the applying order, for a read retry operation performed on the first storage region.
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1. A memory system comprising:
a plurality of storage regions, each including a plurality of memory cells; and a controller configured to provide a plurality of read retry sets, determine an applying order of the plurality of read retry sets based on characteristics of a read error occurred in a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and apply at least one of the read retry sets, based on the applying order, for a read retry operation performed on the first storage region. 2. The memory system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of read retry sets corresponds to one of an erase/write (E/W) cycle, a read count, an operating temperature and an elapsed time after a write operation, which are associated with the first storage region among the plurality of storage regions. 3. The memory system of claim 2, wherein, when the characteristics of the read error are more relevant to the read count of the first storage region than the erase/write cycle, the operating temperature and the elapsed time, the controller invokes the read retry set corresponding to the read count with a higher priority. 4. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the characteristics of the read error depend on a usage status of the first storage region. 5. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the usage status comprises one or more of an erase/write (E/W) cycle, a read count and temperature information. 6. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the controller is configured to decide occurrence possibilities, each corresponding to each of the characteristics of the read error. 7. The memory system of claim 6, wherein the controller is configured to sort the characteristics of the read error in a descending order of the occurrence possibilities, and perform plural read retry operations according to a sorted order of the characteristics of the read error. 8. The memory system of claim 7, wherein the controller is configured to:
select a read retry set among the plurality of read retry sets according to the sorted order; and perform a read retry operation on the first storage region using the selected read retry set. 9. The memory system of claim 8, wherein the characteristics of the read error comprises two or more of:
a first characteristic of read error related to an erase/write (E/W) cycle count; a second characteristic of read error related to a read count; a third characteristic of read error related to a difference in temperature between during read operation and during write operation; and a fourth characteristic of read error related to an elapsed time after write operation. 10. The memory system of claim 9, wherein the controller is configured to normalize possibility decision elements for each of the characteristics of the read error, and is configured to decide the occurrence possibilities for each of the characteristics of the read error by multiplying the normalized possibility decision elements by given weights, respectively. 11. A memory system comprising:
a plurality of storage regions; and a controller configured to provide a plurality of read retry sets, determine an order of the read retry sets based on a cause of a read error which occurs on a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and perform a read retry operation on the first storage region based on the order. 12. The memory system of claim 11, wherein the cause of the read error is associated with a usage status of the first storage region. 13. The memory system of claim 12, wherein the usage status comprises one or more of an erase/write (E/W) cycle count, a read count and temperature information. 14. The memory system of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to decide occurrence possibilities, each associated with the cause of the read error based on the usage status on the first storage region. 15. The memory system of claim 14, wherein the controller is configured to sort the order of the read retry sets in a descending order of the occurrence possibilities, and perform plural read retry operations according to a sorted order of the read retry sets. 16. The memory system of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of read retry sets corresponds to one of an erase/write (E/W) cycle, a read count, an operating temperature and an elapsed time after a write operation, which are associated with the first storage region among the plurality of storage regions. 17. The memory system of claim 11, wherein, when the cause of the read error are more relevant to the read count of the first storage region than the erase/write cycle, the operating temperature and the elapsed time, the controller invokes the read retry set corresponding to the read count with a higher priority. 18. The memory system of claim 11, wherein the plurality of the causes of the read error comprises two or more of:
a first cause of the read error related to an erase/write (E/W) cycle count; a second cause of the read error related to a read count; a third cause of the read error related to a difference in temperature between during read operation and during write operation; and a fourth cause of the read error related to an elapsed time after write operation. 19. A memory system comprising:
a plurality of storage regions; and a controller configured to provide a plurality of read retry sets, determine an order of the read retry sets based on occurrence possibilities of a read error which occurs on a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and perform a read retry operation on the first storage region based on the order. 20. The memory system of claim 19, wherein the occurrence possibilities of a read error correspond to causes of the read error. 21. The memory system of claim 20, wherein the causes of the read error relate to usage status of the first storage region. 22. The memory system of claim 21, wherein the usage status comprises one or more of an erase/write (E/W) cycle count, a read count and temperature information. 23. The memory system of claim 19, wherein the controller is configured to sort the order of the read retry sets in a descending order of the occurrence possibilities, and perform plural read retry operations according to a sorted order of the read retry sets. 24. The memory system of claim 19, wherein each of the plurality of read retry sets corresponds to one of an erase/write (E/W) cycle, a read count, an operating temperature and an elapsed time after a write operation, which are associated with the first storage region among the plurality of storage regions. 25. The memory system of claim 19, wherein the plurality of the causes of the read error comprises two or more of:
a first cause of the read error related to an erase/write (E/W) cycle count; a second cause of the read error related to a read count; a third cause of the read error related to a difference in temperature between during read operation and during write operation; and a fourth cause of the read error related to an elapsed time after write operation. 26. A memory system comprising:
a plurality of storage regions; and a controller programmed to configure a read retry algorithm adaptively based on characteristics of read error which occurs on a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and to perform a read retry operation on the first storage region based on the adaptively configured read retry algorithm, wherein the characteristics of the read error relates to usage status of the first storage region. 27. The memory system of claim 26, wherein the read retry algorithm is configure to provide a plurality of read retry sets, determine an applying order of the plurality of read r etry sets based on characteristics of a read error occurred in a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and apply at least one of the read retry sets, based on the applying order, for a read retry operation performed on the first storage region. 28. A memory system comprising:
a plurality of storage regions, each including a plurality of memory cells; and a controller including predetermined read retry sets, programmed to invoke one having a higher priority among the read retry sets, the priority of the read retry sets being determined based on characteristics of a read error occurred in a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and apply the invoked read retry set for a read retry operation performed on the first storage region, wherein the characteristics of the read error relates to usage status of the first storage region. 29. A memory system comprising:
a plurality of storage regions; and a controller programmed to reconfigure a read retry algorithm based on a usage status of a first storage region, which a read error occurs in, among the storage region, and to perform a read retry operation on the first storage region based on the reconfigured read retry algorithm. 30. A memory system, comprising:
a plurality of memory blocks, each including a plurality of cells, a controller configured to include a plurality of read retry sets, recognize on a read error from a first memory block among the plurality of memory blocks, and configure a read retry algorithm determining an m applying order of the plurality of read retry sets based on a cause read error associated with the first memory block. 31. The memory system of claim 30, wherein the cause is determined based on which characteristic more highly affects the read error among other characteristics. 32. The memory system of claim 31, wherein the characteristic depends on usage status of the first memory block. 33. The memory system of claim 32, wherein the usage status comprises one or more of an erase/write (E/W) cycle, a read count and temperature information. 34. A memory system comprising:
a plurality of storage regions; and a controller programmed to configure an error reducing algorithm adaptively based on characteristics of a read error which occurs on a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and to perform a read retry operation on the first storage region based on the adaptively configured error reducing algorithm, wherein the characteristics of the read error relates to usage status of the first storage region. 35. The memory system of claim 34, wherein the error reducing algorithm' is configure to provide a plurality of read retry sets, determine m an applying order of the plurality of read retry sets based on characteristics of a read error occurred in a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and apply at least one of the read retry sets, based on the applying order, for a read retry operation performed on the first storage region. 36. A memory system comprising:
a plurality of storage regions; and a controller programmed to reconfigure an error reducing algorithm based on a usage status of a first storage region, which a read error occurs in, among the storage region, and to perform a read retry operation on the first storage region based on the reconfigured error reducing algorithm.
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There are provided a memory system and an operating method thereof. A memory system includes: a plurality of storage regions, each including a plurality of memory cells; and a controller configured to provide a plurality of read retry sets, determine an applying order of the plurality of read retry sets based on characteristics of a read error occurred in a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and apply at least one of the read retry sets, based on the applying order, for a read retry operation performed on the first storage region.1. A memory system comprising:
a plurality of storage regions, each including a plurality of memory cells; and a controller configured to provide a plurality of read retry sets, determine an applying order of the plurality of read retry sets based on characteristics of a read error occurred in a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and apply at least one of the read retry sets, based on the applying order, for a read retry operation performed on the first storage region. 2. The memory system of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of read retry sets corresponds to one of an erase/write (E/W) cycle, a read count, an operating temperature and an elapsed time after a write operation, which are associated with the first storage region among the plurality of storage regions. 3. The memory system of claim 2, wherein, when the characteristics of the read error are more relevant to the read count of the first storage region than the erase/write cycle, the operating temperature and the elapsed time, the controller invokes the read retry set corresponding to the read count with a higher priority. 4. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the characteristics of the read error depend on a usage status of the first storage region. 5. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the usage status comprises one or more of an erase/write (E/W) cycle, a read count and temperature information. 6. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the controller is configured to decide occurrence possibilities, each corresponding to each of the characteristics of the read error. 7. The memory system of claim 6, wherein the controller is configured to sort the characteristics of the read error in a descending order of the occurrence possibilities, and perform plural read retry operations according to a sorted order of the characteristics of the read error. 8. The memory system of claim 7, wherein the controller is configured to:
select a read retry set among the plurality of read retry sets according to the sorted order; and perform a read retry operation on the first storage region using the selected read retry set. 9. The memory system of claim 8, wherein the characteristics of the read error comprises two or more of:
a first characteristic of read error related to an erase/write (E/W) cycle count; a second characteristic of read error related to a read count; a third characteristic of read error related to a difference in temperature between during read operation and during write operation; and a fourth characteristic of read error related to an elapsed time after write operation. 10. The memory system of claim 9, wherein the controller is configured to normalize possibility decision elements for each of the characteristics of the read error, and is configured to decide the occurrence possibilities for each of the characteristics of the read error by multiplying the normalized possibility decision elements by given weights, respectively. 11. A memory system comprising:
a plurality of storage regions; and a controller configured to provide a plurality of read retry sets, determine an order of the read retry sets based on a cause of a read error which occurs on a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and perform a read retry operation on the first storage region based on the order. 12. The memory system of claim 11, wherein the cause of the read error is associated with a usage status of the first storage region. 13. The memory system of claim 12, wherein the usage status comprises one or more of an erase/write (E/W) cycle count, a read count and temperature information. 14. The memory system of claim 11, wherein the controller is configured to decide occurrence possibilities, each associated with the cause of the read error based on the usage status on the first storage region. 15. The memory system of claim 14, wherein the controller is configured to sort the order of the read retry sets in a descending order of the occurrence possibilities, and perform plural read retry operations according to a sorted order of the read retry sets. 16. The memory system of claim 11, wherein each of the plurality of read retry sets corresponds to one of an erase/write (E/W) cycle, a read count, an operating temperature and an elapsed time after a write operation, which are associated with the first storage region among the plurality of storage regions. 17. The memory system of claim 11, wherein, when the cause of the read error are more relevant to the read count of the first storage region than the erase/write cycle, the operating temperature and the elapsed time, the controller invokes the read retry set corresponding to the read count with a higher priority. 18. The memory system of claim 11, wherein the plurality of the causes of the read error comprises two or more of:
a first cause of the read error related to an erase/write (E/W) cycle count; a second cause of the read error related to a read count; a third cause of the read error related to a difference in temperature between during read operation and during write operation; and a fourth cause of the read error related to an elapsed time after write operation. 19. A memory system comprising:
a plurality of storage regions; and a controller configured to provide a plurality of read retry sets, determine an order of the read retry sets based on occurrence possibilities of a read error which occurs on a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and perform a read retry operation on the first storage region based on the order. 20. The memory system of claim 19, wherein the occurrence possibilities of a read error correspond to causes of the read error. 21. The memory system of claim 20, wherein the causes of the read error relate to usage status of the first storage region. 22. The memory system of claim 21, wherein the usage status comprises one or more of an erase/write (E/W) cycle count, a read count and temperature information. 23. The memory system of claim 19, wherein the controller is configured to sort the order of the read retry sets in a descending order of the occurrence possibilities, and perform plural read retry operations according to a sorted order of the read retry sets. 24. The memory system of claim 19, wherein each of the plurality of read retry sets corresponds to one of an erase/write (E/W) cycle, a read count, an operating temperature and an elapsed time after a write operation, which are associated with the first storage region among the plurality of storage regions. 25. The memory system of claim 19, wherein the plurality of the causes of the read error comprises two or more of:
a first cause of the read error related to an erase/write (E/W) cycle count; a second cause of the read error related to a read count; a third cause of the read error related to a difference in temperature between during read operation and during write operation; and a fourth cause of the read error related to an elapsed time after write operation. 26. A memory system comprising:
a plurality of storage regions; and a controller programmed to configure a read retry algorithm adaptively based on characteristics of read error which occurs on a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and to perform a read retry operation on the first storage region based on the adaptively configured read retry algorithm, wherein the characteristics of the read error relates to usage status of the first storage region. 27. The memory system of claim 26, wherein the read retry algorithm is configure to provide a plurality of read retry sets, determine an applying order of the plurality of read r etry sets based on characteristics of a read error occurred in a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and apply at least one of the read retry sets, based on the applying order, for a read retry operation performed on the first storage region. 28. A memory system comprising:
a plurality of storage regions, each including a plurality of memory cells; and a controller including predetermined read retry sets, programmed to invoke one having a higher priority among the read retry sets, the priority of the read retry sets being determined based on characteristics of a read error occurred in a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and apply the invoked read retry set for a read retry operation performed on the first storage region, wherein the characteristics of the read error relates to usage status of the first storage region. 29. A memory system comprising:
a plurality of storage regions; and a controller programmed to reconfigure a read retry algorithm based on a usage status of a first storage region, which a read error occurs in, among the storage region, and to perform a read retry operation on the first storage region based on the reconfigured read retry algorithm. 30. A memory system, comprising:
a plurality of memory blocks, each including a plurality of cells, a controller configured to include a plurality of read retry sets, recognize on a read error from a first memory block among the plurality of memory blocks, and configure a read retry algorithm determining an m applying order of the plurality of read retry sets based on a cause read error associated with the first memory block. 31. The memory system of claim 30, wherein the cause is determined based on which characteristic more highly affects the read error among other characteristics. 32. The memory system of claim 31, wherein the characteristic depends on usage status of the first memory block. 33. The memory system of claim 32, wherein the usage status comprises one or more of an erase/write (E/W) cycle, a read count and temperature information. 34. A memory system comprising:
a plurality of storage regions; and a controller programmed to configure an error reducing algorithm adaptively based on characteristics of a read error which occurs on a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and to perform a read retry operation on the first storage region based on the adaptively configured error reducing algorithm, wherein the characteristics of the read error relates to usage status of the first storage region. 35. The memory system of claim 34, wherein the error reducing algorithm' is configure to provide a plurality of read retry sets, determine m an applying order of the plurality of read retry sets based on characteristics of a read error occurred in a first storage region among the plurality of storage regions, and apply at least one of the read retry sets, based on the applying order, for a read retry operation performed on the first storage region. 36. A memory system comprising:
a plurality of storage regions; and a controller programmed to reconfigure an error reducing algorithm based on a usage status of a first storage region, which a read error occurs in, among the storage region, and to perform a read retry operation on the first storage region based on the reconfigured error reducing algorithm.
| 1,600
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337,912
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| 1,652
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The disclosure relates to headwear, an example headwear including a crown and two or more overlapping panels in a rear of the crown, the overlapping panels being moveable relative to one another as a size of the crown is adjusted.
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1. Headwear comprising:
a crown; and at least two overlapping panels including a first panel and a second panel overlapping one another in a rear of the crown, each of the first panel and the second panel being triangular in shape and having a respective curved bottom edge, the first panel crossing the second panel at a central region of the curved bottom edge of the second panel, the first and second panels being moveable relative to one another to resize multiple regions of the crown. 2. The headwear of claim 1, wherein the first and second panels being moveable relative to one another to resize multiple regions of the crown includes the first and second panels being movable to any level of overlap between the first panel and the second panel. 3. The headwear of claim 1, wherein at least in a closed position, the first panel overlaps more than half of the second panel. 4. The headwear of claim 1, further comprising a size-adjusting mechanism coupled to the crown, the size-adjusting mechanism controlling a respective circumference of each of a plurality of regions of the crown. 5. The headwear of claim 4, wherein the size-adjusting mechanism comprises a buckle and a strap, a first terminating end of the strap being coupled directly to the crown at a first side of an opening formed between the overlapping panels in the rear of the crown and a second terminating end of the strap passing through the buckle, the buckle being coupled to the crown at a second side of the opening, opposite the first side of the opening. 6. The headwear of claim 5, wherein the first terminating end of the strap is coupled to a first panel of the two or more overlapping panels and wherein the buckle is coupled to a second panel of the two or more overlapping panels. 7. The headwear of claim 4, wherein the size-adjusting mechanism comprises a first ribbon and a second ribbon, the first ribbon being coupled directly to the crown at a first side of an opening formed between the overlapping panels in the rear of the crown, and the second ribbon being directed coupled to the crown at a second side of the opening, opposite the first side of the opening. 8. The headwear of claim 7, wherein the first ribbon is coupled to a first panel of the two or more overlapping panels, and the second ribbon is coupled to a second panel of the two or more overlapping panels. 9. The headwear of claim 1, further comprising a rear cape extending from a bottom edge of the crown and/or from a hat brim. 10. Headwear comprising:
a crown; at least two overlapping panels including a first panel and a second panel overlapping one another in a rear of the crown, each of the first panel and the second panel being triangular in shape and having a respective curved bottom edge, the first panel crossing the second panel at a central region of the curved bottom edge of the second panel, the first and second panels being moveable relative to one another to resize multiple regions of the crown; and an elastic band extending between the two or more overlapping panels at a bottom edge of each of the two or more overlapping panels along a circumference of the crown. 11. The headwear of claim 10, wherein a first terminating end of the elastic band is directly coupled to a first panel of the two or more overlapping panels and a second terminating end of the elastic band, opposite the first terminating end, is directed coupled to a second panel of the two or more overlapping panels. 12. The headwear of claim 10, wherein the elastic band is directly coupled to an interior of the crown. 13. Headwear comprising:
a crown; at least two overlapping panels including a first panel and a second panel overlapping one another in a rear of the crown, each of the first panel and the second panel being triangular in shape and having a respective curved bottom edge, the first panel crossing the second panel at a central region of the curved bottom edge of the second panel, the first and second panels being moveable relative to one another to resize multiple regions of the crown; and a hat brim extending from a bottom edge of the crown. 14. The headwear of claim 13, wherein the hat brim is crescent shaped and wherein opposing terminating ends of the crescent shape of the hat brim each terminate into the crown at a respective different side of an opening between the two or more overlapping panels. 15. The headwear of claim 13, wherein the hat brim is semi-circular, and wherein the hat brim terminates into a rear cape that extends from the crown. 16. The headwear of claim 13, wherein the two or more overlapping panels are formed of a mesh material. 17. The headwear of claim 13, wherein the two or more overlapping panels include an elastomeric material. 18. The headwear of claim 13, wherein the two or more overlapping panels each include a bottom edge having an arched shape. 19. The headwear of claim 13, wherein the two or more overlapping panels are mirror symmetric to one another. 20. The headwear of claim 13, wherein an outermost panel of the two or more overlapping panels is larger than an innermost panel of the two or more overlapping panels.
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The disclosure relates to headwear, an example headwear including a crown and two or more overlapping panels in a rear of the crown, the overlapping panels being moveable relative to one another as a size of the crown is adjusted.1. Headwear comprising:
a crown; and at least two overlapping panels including a first panel and a second panel overlapping one another in a rear of the crown, each of the first panel and the second panel being triangular in shape and having a respective curved bottom edge, the first panel crossing the second panel at a central region of the curved bottom edge of the second panel, the first and second panels being moveable relative to one another to resize multiple regions of the crown. 2. The headwear of claim 1, wherein the first and second panels being moveable relative to one another to resize multiple regions of the crown includes the first and second panels being movable to any level of overlap between the first panel and the second panel. 3. The headwear of claim 1, wherein at least in a closed position, the first panel overlaps more than half of the second panel. 4. The headwear of claim 1, further comprising a size-adjusting mechanism coupled to the crown, the size-adjusting mechanism controlling a respective circumference of each of a plurality of regions of the crown. 5. The headwear of claim 4, wherein the size-adjusting mechanism comprises a buckle and a strap, a first terminating end of the strap being coupled directly to the crown at a first side of an opening formed between the overlapping panels in the rear of the crown and a second terminating end of the strap passing through the buckle, the buckle being coupled to the crown at a second side of the opening, opposite the first side of the opening. 6. The headwear of claim 5, wherein the first terminating end of the strap is coupled to a first panel of the two or more overlapping panels and wherein the buckle is coupled to a second panel of the two or more overlapping panels. 7. The headwear of claim 4, wherein the size-adjusting mechanism comprises a first ribbon and a second ribbon, the first ribbon being coupled directly to the crown at a first side of an opening formed between the overlapping panels in the rear of the crown, and the second ribbon being directed coupled to the crown at a second side of the opening, opposite the first side of the opening. 8. The headwear of claim 7, wherein the first ribbon is coupled to a first panel of the two or more overlapping panels, and the second ribbon is coupled to a second panel of the two or more overlapping panels. 9. The headwear of claim 1, further comprising a rear cape extending from a bottom edge of the crown and/or from a hat brim. 10. Headwear comprising:
a crown; at least two overlapping panels including a first panel and a second panel overlapping one another in a rear of the crown, each of the first panel and the second panel being triangular in shape and having a respective curved bottom edge, the first panel crossing the second panel at a central region of the curved bottom edge of the second panel, the first and second panels being moveable relative to one another to resize multiple regions of the crown; and an elastic band extending between the two or more overlapping panels at a bottom edge of each of the two or more overlapping panels along a circumference of the crown. 11. The headwear of claim 10, wherein a first terminating end of the elastic band is directly coupled to a first panel of the two or more overlapping panels and a second terminating end of the elastic band, opposite the first terminating end, is directed coupled to a second panel of the two or more overlapping panels. 12. The headwear of claim 10, wherein the elastic band is directly coupled to an interior of the crown. 13. Headwear comprising:
a crown; at least two overlapping panels including a first panel and a second panel overlapping one another in a rear of the crown, each of the first panel and the second panel being triangular in shape and having a respective curved bottom edge, the first panel crossing the second panel at a central region of the curved bottom edge of the second panel, the first and second panels being moveable relative to one another to resize multiple regions of the crown; and a hat brim extending from a bottom edge of the crown. 14. The headwear of claim 13, wherein the hat brim is crescent shaped and wherein opposing terminating ends of the crescent shape of the hat brim each terminate into the crown at a respective different side of an opening between the two or more overlapping panels. 15. The headwear of claim 13, wherein the hat brim is semi-circular, and wherein the hat brim terminates into a rear cape that extends from the crown. 16. The headwear of claim 13, wherein the two or more overlapping panels are formed of a mesh material. 17. The headwear of claim 13, wherein the two or more overlapping panels include an elastomeric material. 18. The headwear of claim 13, wherein the two or more overlapping panels each include a bottom edge having an arched shape. 19. The headwear of claim 13, wherein the two or more overlapping panels are mirror symmetric to one another. 20. The headwear of claim 13, wherein an outermost panel of the two or more overlapping panels is larger than an innermost panel of the two or more overlapping panels.
| 1,600
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337,913
| 16,799,542
| 1,652
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An information processing device is connected to a measurement device provided in the vicinity of a machine tool for machining a workpiece using a tool and a numerical control device configured to control the machine tool. The information processing device includes: a display unit configured to display information; a first acquisition unit configured to acquire, from the measurement device, measurement information measured by the measurement device; a second acquisition unit configured to acquire, from the numerical control device, state information indicating a state of the machine tool; and a display control unit configured to cause the display unit to display the measurement information and the state information.
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1. An information processing device that is connected to a measurement device and a numerical control device, the measurement device being provided in a vicinity of a machine tool configured to machine a workpiece using a tool, the numerical control device being configured to control the machine tool, the information processing device comprising:
a display unit configured to display information; a first acquisition unit configured to acquire, from the measurement device, measurement information measured by the measurement device; a second acquisition unit configured to acquire, from the numerical control device, state information indicating a state of the machine tool; and a display control unit configured to cause the display unit to display the measurement information and the state information. 2. The information processing device according to claim 1, wherein:
the measurement device is configured to measure an unbalance of a spindle of the machine tool; and the display control unit is configured to provide control to display the measurement information indicating the unbalance of the spindle and the state information indicating a rotational speed of the spindle and an amount of deviation of a control axis in an axial direction thereof, the control axis being controlled by the numerical control device. 3. The information processing device according to claim 2, further comprising a determination unit configured to determine whether the unbalance of the spindle is abnormal or not,
wherein the display control unit causes the measurement information and the state information to be displayed when the unbalance of the spindle is determined to be abnormal. 4. The information processing device according to claim 3, wherein the determination unit is configured to determine that the unbalance of the spindle is abnormal if a vibration value of the spindle is equal to or greater than a given vibration threshold or if the amount of deviation of the control axis in the axial direction is equal to or greater than a given axial deviation threshold. 5. The information processing device according to claim 2, further comprising a control unit configured to control the numerical control device to rotate the spindle, and also configured to control the measurement device to start the measurement of the unbalance of the spindle when the rotational speed of the spindle has exceeded a given rotation threshold. 6. The information processing device according to claim 2, wherein:
the spindle is configured to be rotated by a fluid supplied from a fluid supply unit; the numerical control device includes an adjustment unit configured to adjust a supply rate at which the fluid supply unit supplies the fluid to the spindle, based on the rotational speed of the spindle obtained from the measurement device; and the second acquisition unit acquires from the numerical control device the rotational speed of the spindle obtained from the measurement device by the numerical control device. 7. An information processing method for an information processing device that is connected to a measurement device and a numerical control device, the measurement device being provided in a vicinity of a machine tool configured to machine a workpiece using a tool, the numerical control device being configured to control the machine tool, the information processing method comprising:
an acquisition step of acquiring, from the measurement device, measurement information measured by the measurement device, and acquiring, from the numerical control device, state information indicating a state of the machine tool; and a display step of causing a display unit to display the measurement information and the state information. 8. The information processing method according to claim 7, wherein:
the measurement device is configured to measure an unbalance of a spindle of the machine tool; and the display step displays the measurement information indicating the unbalance of the spindle and the state information indicating a rotational speed of the spindle and an amount of deviation of a control axis in an axial direction thereof, the control axis being controlled by the numerical control device. 9. The information processing method according to claim 8, further comprising a determination step of determining whether the unbalance of the spindle is abnormal or not,
wherein the display step displays the measurement information and the state information when the unbalance of the spindle is determined to be abnormal. 10. The information processing method according to claim 9, wherein the determination step determines that the unbalance of the spindle is abnormal if a vibration value of the spindle is equal to or greater than a given vibration threshold or if the amount of deviation of the control axis in the axial direction is equal to or greater than a given axial deviation threshold. 11. The information processing method according to claim 8, further comprising a rotation control step of controlling the numerical control device to rotate the spindle; and
a measurement control step of controlling the measurement device to start the measurement of the unbalance of the spindle when the rotational speed of the spindle has exceeded a given rotation threshold. 12. The information processing method according to claim 8, wherein:
the spindle is configured to be rotated by a fluid supplied from a fluid supply unit; the numerical control device includes an adjustment unit configured to adjust a supply rate at which the fluid supply unit supplies the fluid to the spindle, based on the rotational speed of the spindle obtained from the measurement device; and the acquisition step acquires from the numerical control device the rotational speed of the spindle obtained from the measurement device by the numerical control device.
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An information processing device is connected to a measurement device provided in the vicinity of a machine tool for machining a workpiece using a tool and a numerical control device configured to control the machine tool. The information processing device includes: a display unit configured to display information; a first acquisition unit configured to acquire, from the measurement device, measurement information measured by the measurement device; a second acquisition unit configured to acquire, from the numerical control device, state information indicating a state of the machine tool; and a display control unit configured to cause the display unit to display the measurement information and the state information.1. An information processing device that is connected to a measurement device and a numerical control device, the measurement device being provided in a vicinity of a machine tool configured to machine a workpiece using a tool, the numerical control device being configured to control the machine tool, the information processing device comprising:
a display unit configured to display information; a first acquisition unit configured to acquire, from the measurement device, measurement information measured by the measurement device; a second acquisition unit configured to acquire, from the numerical control device, state information indicating a state of the machine tool; and a display control unit configured to cause the display unit to display the measurement information and the state information. 2. The information processing device according to claim 1, wherein:
the measurement device is configured to measure an unbalance of a spindle of the machine tool; and the display control unit is configured to provide control to display the measurement information indicating the unbalance of the spindle and the state information indicating a rotational speed of the spindle and an amount of deviation of a control axis in an axial direction thereof, the control axis being controlled by the numerical control device. 3. The information processing device according to claim 2, further comprising a determination unit configured to determine whether the unbalance of the spindle is abnormal or not,
wherein the display control unit causes the measurement information and the state information to be displayed when the unbalance of the spindle is determined to be abnormal. 4. The information processing device according to claim 3, wherein the determination unit is configured to determine that the unbalance of the spindle is abnormal if a vibration value of the spindle is equal to or greater than a given vibration threshold or if the amount of deviation of the control axis in the axial direction is equal to or greater than a given axial deviation threshold. 5. The information processing device according to claim 2, further comprising a control unit configured to control the numerical control device to rotate the spindle, and also configured to control the measurement device to start the measurement of the unbalance of the spindle when the rotational speed of the spindle has exceeded a given rotation threshold. 6. The information processing device according to claim 2, wherein:
the spindle is configured to be rotated by a fluid supplied from a fluid supply unit; the numerical control device includes an adjustment unit configured to adjust a supply rate at which the fluid supply unit supplies the fluid to the spindle, based on the rotational speed of the spindle obtained from the measurement device; and the second acquisition unit acquires from the numerical control device the rotational speed of the spindle obtained from the measurement device by the numerical control device. 7. An information processing method for an information processing device that is connected to a measurement device and a numerical control device, the measurement device being provided in a vicinity of a machine tool configured to machine a workpiece using a tool, the numerical control device being configured to control the machine tool, the information processing method comprising:
an acquisition step of acquiring, from the measurement device, measurement information measured by the measurement device, and acquiring, from the numerical control device, state information indicating a state of the machine tool; and a display step of causing a display unit to display the measurement information and the state information. 8. The information processing method according to claim 7, wherein:
the measurement device is configured to measure an unbalance of a spindle of the machine tool; and the display step displays the measurement information indicating the unbalance of the spindle and the state information indicating a rotational speed of the spindle and an amount of deviation of a control axis in an axial direction thereof, the control axis being controlled by the numerical control device. 9. The information processing method according to claim 8, further comprising a determination step of determining whether the unbalance of the spindle is abnormal or not,
wherein the display step displays the measurement information and the state information when the unbalance of the spindle is determined to be abnormal. 10. The information processing method according to claim 9, wherein the determination step determines that the unbalance of the spindle is abnormal if a vibration value of the spindle is equal to or greater than a given vibration threshold or if the amount of deviation of the control axis in the axial direction is equal to or greater than a given axial deviation threshold. 11. The information processing method according to claim 8, further comprising a rotation control step of controlling the numerical control device to rotate the spindle; and
a measurement control step of controlling the measurement device to start the measurement of the unbalance of the spindle when the rotational speed of the spindle has exceeded a given rotation threshold. 12. The information processing method according to claim 8, wherein:
the spindle is configured to be rotated by a fluid supplied from a fluid supply unit; the numerical control device includes an adjustment unit configured to adjust a supply rate at which the fluid supply unit supplies the fluid to the spindle, based on the rotational speed of the spindle obtained from the measurement device; and the acquisition step acquires from the numerical control device the rotational speed of the spindle obtained from the measurement device by the numerical control device.
| 1,600
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337,914
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| 3,772
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Cosmetic cuticle apparatuses are presented. A cosmetic cuticle apparatus includes a handle portion having a first end and a second end, two cuticle maintaining devices coupled to the handle portion, and at least one cuticle buffer coupled to at least one side of the two cuticle maintaining devices. The two cuticle maintaining devices include a cuticle pusher having an arcuate periphery and a “V”-shaped cuticle cleaner having a “V”-shaped cross-section.
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1. A cosmetic cuticle apparatus, comprising:
a handle portion having a first end and a second end; two cuticle maintaining devices coupled to the handle portion, wherein the two cuticle maintaining devices include a cuticle pusher having an arcuate periphery and a “V”-shaped cuticle cleaner having a “V”-shaped cross-section; and at least one cuticle buffer coupled to at least one side of the two cuticle maintaining devices. 2. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one cuticle buffer is removably coupled to a top surface of the cuticle pusher. 3. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one cuticle buffer is etched into a top surface of the cuticle pusher. 4. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one cuticle buffer is coupled to the handle portion. 5. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least one cuticle buffer is removably coupled to the handle portion. 6. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least one cuticle buffer is etched into the handle portion. 7. A cosmetic cuticle apparatus, comprising:
an elongated handle portion having a generally circular cross-section, a first end, and a second end, wherein the elongated handle portion has a thickness that is greater at a middle portion of the elongated handle portion than at either the first end or the second end; a cuticle pusher coupled to the first end of the elongated handle portion, wherein the cuticle pusher comprises a top surface and an arcuate periphery; a cuticle buffer disposed on the top surface of the cuticle pusher, wherein a width of the top surface is less than a width of the arcuate periphery of the cuticle pusher; and a “V”-shaped cuticle cleaner having a pointed top and a “V”-shaped cross-section, the “V”-shaped cuticle cleaner being coupled to the second end of the elongated handle portion. 8. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 7, wherein the cuticle buffer is removably coupled to the cuticle pusher. 9. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 7, wherein the cuticle buffer is etched into the cuticle pusher. 10. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 7, wherein the cuticle buffer is coupled to the elongated handle portion. 11. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 10, wherein the cuticle buffer is removably coupled to the elongated handle portion. 12. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 10, wherein the cuticle buffer is etched into the elongated handle portion. 13. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 7, wherein the cuticle pusher, the “V”-shaped cuticle cleaner, and the elongated handle portion are a singular structure. 14. A cosmetic cuticle apparatus, comprising:
an elongated handle having a circular cross-section, a first end, and a second end, wherein the elongated handle has a thickness that is greater at a middle portion of the elongated handle than at either the first end or the second end, wherein the elongated handle flares outward to a point at each of the first end and the second end, and wherein a frustoconical portion is formed from the point to a terminal portion of the first end and the second end forming a receptacle on each of the first end and the second end; a cuticle pusher coupled to the receptacle at the first end of the elongated handle, wherein the cuticle pusher has a top surface and an arcuate periphery, and wherein a width of the top surface is less than a width of the arcuate periphery of the cuticle pusher; a cuticle buffer disposed on the top surface of the cuticle pusher; and a “V”-shaped cuticle cleaner having a pointed top and a “V”-shaped cross-section, the “V”-shaped cuticle cleaner being coupled to the receptacle at the second end of the elongated handle. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the cuticle pusher and the “V”-shaped cuticle cleaner are threadably coupled to the elongated handle. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the cuticle pusher and the “V”-shaped cuticle cleaner are removably coupled by threading to the elongated handle. 17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the cuticle buffer is removable. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the pointed top of the “V”-shaped cuticle cleaner is oriented to align with a top side of the elongated handle. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein an underside of the cuticle pusher is flat. 20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the cuticle pusher has a sloped surface coupling the arcuate periphery to the top surface.
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Cosmetic cuticle apparatuses are presented. A cosmetic cuticle apparatus includes a handle portion having a first end and a second end, two cuticle maintaining devices coupled to the handle portion, and at least one cuticle buffer coupled to at least one side of the two cuticle maintaining devices. The two cuticle maintaining devices include a cuticle pusher having an arcuate periphery and a “V”-shaped cuticle cleaner having a “V”-shaped cross-section.1. A cosmetic cuticle apparatus, comprising:
a handle portion having a first end and a second end; two cuticle maintaining devices coupled to the handle portion, wherein the two cuticle maintaining devices include a cuticle pusher having an arcuate periphery and a “V”-shaped cuticle cleaner having a “V”-shaped cross-section; and at least one cuticle buffer coupled to at least one side of the two cuticle maintaining devices. 2. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one cuticle buffer is removably coupled to a top surface of the cuticle pusher. 3. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one cuticle buffer is etched into a top surface of the cuticle pusher. 4. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one cuticle buffer is coupled to the handle portion. 5. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least one cuticle buffer is removably coupled to the handle portion. 6. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least one cuticle buffer is etched into the handle portion. 7. A cosmetic cuticle apparatus, comprising:
an elongated handle portion having a generally circular cross-section, a first end, and a second end, wherein the elongated handle portion has a thickness that is greater at a middle portion of the elongated handle portion than at either the first end or the second end; a cuticle pusher coupled to the first end of the elongated handle portion, wherein the cuticle pusher comprises a top surface and an arcuate periphery; a cuticle buffer disposed on the top surface of the cuticle pusher, wherein a width of the top surface is less than a width of the arcuate periphery of the cuticle pusher; and a “V”-shaped cuticle cleaner having a pointed top and a “V”-shaped cross-section, the “V”-shaped cuticle cleaner being coupled to the second end of the elongated handle portion. 8. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 7, wherein the cuticle buffer is removably coupled to the cuticle pusher. 9. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 7, wherein the cuticle buffer is etched into the cuticle pusher. 10. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 7, wherein the cuticle buffer is coupled to the elongated handle portion. 11. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 10, wherein the cuticle buffer is removably coupled to the elongated handle portion. 12. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 10, wherein the cuticle buffer is etched into the elongated handle portion. 13. The cosmetic cuticle apparatus of claim 7, wherein the cuticle pusher, the “V”-shaped cuticle cleaner, and the elongated handle portion are a singular structure. 14. A cosmetic cuticle apparatus, comprising:
an elongated handle having a circular cross-section, a first end, and a second end, wherein the elongated handle has a thickness that is greater at a middle portion of the elongated handle than at either the first end or the second end, wherein the elongated handle flares outward to a point at each of the first end and the second end, and wherein a frustoconical portion is formed from the point to a terminal portion of the first end and the second end forming a receptacle on each of the first end and the second end; a cuticle pusher coupled to the receptacle at the first end of the elongated handle, wherein the cuticle pusher has a top surface and an arcuate periphery, and wherein a width of the top surface is less than a width of the arcuate periphery of the cuticle pusher; a cuticle buffer disposed on the top surface of the cuticle pusher; and a “V”-shaped cuticle cleaner having a pointed top and a “V”-shaped cross-section, the “V”-shaped cuticle cleaner being coupled to the receptacle at the second end of the elongated handle. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the cuticle pusher and the “V”-shaped cuticle cleaner are threadably coupled to the elongated handle. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the cuticle pusher and the “V”-shaped cuticle cleaner are removably coupled by threading to the elongated handle. 17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the cuticle buffer is removable. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the pointed top of the “V”-shaped cuticle cleaner is oriented to align with a top side of the elongated handle. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein an underside of the cuticle pusher is flat. 20. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the cuticle pusher has a sloped surface coupling the arcuate periphery to the top surface.
| 3,700
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337,915
| 16,799,543
| 3,772
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A microelectronic device comprises a stack structure comprising vertically alternating conductive structures and insulating structures arranged in tiers, the tiers individually comprising one of the conductive structures and one of the insulating structures, a staircase structure within the stack structure and having steps comprising edges of at least some of the tiers, conductive contact structures on the steps of the staircase structure, support pillar structures laterally offset in at least a first direction from the conductive contact structures and extending through the stack structure, and bridge structures comprising an electrically insulating material extending vertically through at least a portion of the stack structure and between at least some adjacent support pillar structures of the support pillar structures. Related memory devices, electronic systems, and methods are also described.
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1. A microelectronic device, comprising:
a stack structure comprising vertically alternating conductive structures and insulating structures arranged in tiers, the tiers individually comprising one of the conductive structures and one of the insulating structures; a staircase structure within the stack structure and having steps comprising edges of at least some of the tiers; conductive contact structures on the steps of the staircase structure; support pillar structures laterally offset in at least a first direction from the conductive contact structures and extending through the stack structure; and bridge structures comprising an electrically insulating material extending vertically through at least a portion of the stack structure and between at least some adjacent support pillar structures of the support pillar structures. 2. The microelectronic device of claim 1, further comprising an electrically conductive material extending between adjacent conductive contact structures laterally adjacent each other in a second direction, the adjacent conductive contact structures electrically isolated from each other by the bridge structure. 3. The microelectronic device of claim 1, wherein the support pillar structures comprise a conductive material. 4. The microelectronic device of claim 3, wherein the electrically insulating material is in communication with a liner material extending vertically along sidewalls of the at least some adjacent support pillar structures. 5. The microelectronic device of claim 3, wherein the bridge structure further comprises a conductive material electrically connecting the at least some adjacent support pillar structures, the electrically insulating material along sidewalls of the conductive material. 6. The microelectronic device of claim 1, further comprising a liner material around the support pillar structures. 7. The microelectronic device of claim 1, wherein the support pillar structures are laterally offset from the conductive contact structures in a second direction. 8. The microelectronic device of claim 1, wherein the bridge structures have a dimension less than about 130 nm in a second direction. 9. The microelectronic device of claim 1, wherein the electrically insulating material comprises silicon dioxide. 10. The microelectronic device of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the bridge structures decreases with an increasing depth of the conductive contact structures adjacent the bridge structures. 11. A memory device, comprising:
a stack structure comprising tiers comprising alternating conductive structures and insulating structures over a source tier; a staircase structure having steps comprising horizontal ends of at least some of the tiers; conductive contact structures in electrical communication with the steps of the staircase structure; support pillar structures extending through the stack structure and horizontally offset from the conductive contact structures; data lines over the stack structure; strings of memory cells extending through the stack structure and in electrical communication with the source tier and the data lines; and a bridge structure between a first support pillar structure and a second support pillar structure adjacent the first support pillar structure, the bridge structure comprising an electrically insulating material electrically isolating conductive contact structures adjacent the first support pillar structure and the second support pillar structure from each other. 12. The memory device of claim 11, wherein the support pillar structures comprise a conductive material, the conductive material of the first support pillar structure and the conductive material of the second support pillar structure in electrical communication with each other. 13. The memory device of claim 11, further comprising a conductive material extending between horizontally adjacent conductive contact structures, the bridge structure intervening between the conductive material. 14. The memory device of claim 11, wherein the support pillar structures comprise a conductive material surrounded by a liner material extending vertically along sidewalls of the support pillar structures. 15. The memory device of claim 14, wherein the electrically insulating material has the same material composition as the insulating structures. 16. The memory device of claim 11, wherein the memory device comprises support pillar structures adjacent each other without an intervening bridge structure. 17. The memory device of claim 11, wherein the memory device comprises about one bridge structure for every about four support pillar structures within the staircase structure. 18. The memory device of claim 11, wherein the electrically insulating material comprises silicon dioxide. 19. The memory device of claim 11, wherein the bridge structure has a vertical height less than a vertical height of conductive contact structures. 20. The memory device of claim 11, further comprising additional bridge structures between adjacent support pillar structures, wherein a height of the additional bridge structures increases as a height of the steps adjacent the additional bridge structures increases. 21. A method of forming a microelectronic device, the method comprising:
forming openings through a stack structure comprising vertically alternating insulating structures and other insulating structures arranged in tiers and defining a staircase structure having steps comprising edges of at least some of the tiers, the openings extending through at least one seam within an insulating material over the staircase structure; forming an insulating liner material within the openings and within the at least one seam to form support pillar structures, at least some of the support pillar structures adjacent on another coupled together by a bridge structure comprising the insulating liner material; replacing the other insulating structures with a conductive material to form conductive structures; and forming conductive contact structures electrically coupled to the conductive structures of the staircase structure to be laterally offset from the support pillar structures. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising forming an electrically conductive material adjacent to the insulating liner material to form the support pillar structures. 23. The method of claim 21, further comprising forming some other of the support pillar structures to be distal from the bridge structure. 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising forming the at least some of the support pillar structures to be located at a laterally central portion of a block of the staircase structure, the block defined by slots extending through the staircase structure. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein forming conductive contact structures comprises forming at least some of the conductive contact structures to be electrically isolated from each other by the bridge structures. 26. An electronic system, comprising:
an input device; an output device; a processor device operably coupled to the input device and the output device; and a memory device operably coupled to the processor device and comprising at least one microelectronic device structure comprising:
a stack structure comprising tiers of alternating conductive structures and insulating structures;
a staircase structure within the stack structures and comprising steps comprising edges of the conductive structures of the alternating conductive structures and insulating structures;
conductive contact structures electrically coupled to the conductive structures of the staircase structure;
support pillar structures horizontally offset from the conductive contact structures and comprising an electrically insulating material extending through the stack structure; and
bridge structures extending between at least some of the support pillar structures and electrically isolating the conductive contact structures from each other.
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A microelectronic device comprises a stack structure comprising vertically alternating conductive structures and insulating structures arranged in tiers, the tiers individually comprising one of the conductive structures and one of the insulating structures, a staircase structure within the stack structure and having steps comprising edges of at least some of the tiers, conductive contact structures on the steps of the staircase structure, support pillar structures laterally offset in at least a first direction from the conductive contact structures and extending through the stack structure, and bridge structures comprising an electrically insulating material extending vertically through at least a portion of the stack structure and between at least some adjacent support pillar structures of the support pillar structures. Related memory devices, electronic systems, and methods are also described.1. A microelectronic device, comprising:
a stack structure comprising vertically alternating conductive structures and insulating structures arranged in tiers, the tiers individually comprising one of the conductive structures and one of the insulating structures; a staircase structure within the stack structure and having steps comprising edges of at least some of the tiers; conductive contact structures on the steps of the staircase structure; support pillar structures laterally offset in at least a first direction from the conductive contact structures and extending through the stack structure; and bridge structures comprising an electrically insulating material extending vertically through at least a portion of the stack structure and between at least some adjacent support pillar structures of the support pillar structures. 2. The microelectronic device of claim 1, further comprising an electrically conductive material extending between adjacent conductive contact structures laterally adjacent each other in a second direction, the adjacent conductive contact structures electrically isolated from each other by the bridge structure. 3. The microelectronic device of claim 1, wherein the support pillar structures comprise a conductive material. 4. The microelectronic device of claim 3, wherein the electrically insulating material is in communication with a liner material extending vertically along sidewalls of the at least some adjacent support pillar structures. 5. The microelectronic device of claim 3, wherein the bridge structure further comprises a conductive material electrically connecting the at least some adjacent support pillar structures, the electrically insulating material along sidewalls of the conductive material. 6. The microelectronic device of claim 1, further comprising a liner material around the support pillar structures. 7. The microelectronic device of claim 1, wherein the support pillar structures are laterally offset from the conductive contact structures in a second direction. 8. The microelectronic device of claim 1, wherein the bridge structures have a dimension less than about 130 nm in a second direction. 9. The microelectronic device of claim 1, wherein the electrically insulating material comprises silicon dioxide. 10. The microelectronic device of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the bridge structures decreases with an increasing depth of the conductive contact structures adjacent the bridge structures. 11. A memory device, comprising:
a stack structure comprising tiers comprising alternating conductive structures and insulating structures over a source tier; a staircase structure having steps comprising horizontal ends of at least some of the tiers; conductive contact structures in electrical communication with the steps of the staircase structure; support pillar structures extending through the stack structure and horizontally offset from the conductive contact structures; data lines over the stack structure; strings of memory cells extending through the stack structure and in electrical communication with the source tier and the data lines; and a bridge structure between a first support pillar structure and a second support pillar structure adjacent the first support pillar structure, the bridge structure comprising an electrically insulating material electrically isolating conductive contact structures adjacent the first support pillar structure and the second support pillar structure from each other. 12. The memory device of claim 11, wherein the support pillar structures comprise a conductive material, the conductive material of the first support pillar structure and the conductive material of the second support pillar structure in electrical communication with each other. 13. The memory device of claim 11, further comprising a conductive material extending between horizontally adjacent conductive contact structures, the bridge structure intervening between the conductive material. 14. The memory device of claim 11, wherein the support pillar structures comprise a conductive material surrounded by a liner material extending vertically along sidewalls of the support pillar structures. 15. The memory device of claim 14, wherein the electrically insulating material has the same material composition as the insulating structures. 16. The memory device of claim 11, wherein the memory device comprises support pillar structures adjacent each other without an intervening bridge structure. 17. The memory device of claim 11, wherein the memory device comprises about one bridge structure for every about four support pillar structures within the staircase structure. 18. The memory device of claim 11, wherein the electrically insulating material comprises silicon dioxide. 19. The memory device of claim 11, wherein the bridge structure has a vertical height less than a vertical height of conductive contact structures. 20. The memory device of claim 11, further comprising additional bridge structures between adjacent support pillar structures, wherein a height of the additional bridge structures increases as a height of the steps adjacent the additional bridge structures increases. 21. A method of forming a microelectronic device, the method comprising:
forming openings through a stack structure comprising vertically alternating insulating structures and other insulating structures arranged in tiers and defining a staircase structure having steps comprising edges of at least some of the tiers, the openings extending through at least one seam within an insulating material over the staircase structure; forming an insulating liner material within the openings and within the at least one seam to form support pillar structures, at least some of the support pillar structures adjacent on another coupled together by a bridge structure comprising the insulating liner material; replacing the other insulating structures with a conductive material to form conductive structures; and forming conductive contact structures electrically coupled to the conductive structures of the staircase structure to be laterally offset from the support pillar structures. 22. The method of claim 21, further comprising forming an electrically conductive material adjacent to the insulating liner material to form the support pillar structures. 23. The method of claim 21, further comprising forming some other of the support pillar structures to be distal from the bridge structure. 24. The method of claim 23, further comprising forming the at least some of the support pillar structures to be located at a laterally central portion of a block of the staircase structure, the block defined by slots extending through the staircase structure. 25. The method of claim 21, wherein forming conductive contact structures comprises forming at least some of the conductive contact structures to be electrically isolated from each other by the bridge structures. 26. An electronic system, comprising:
an input device; an output device; a processor device operably coupled to the input device and the output device; and a memory device operably coupled to the processor device and comprising at least one microelectronic device structure comprising:
a stack structure comprising tiers of alternating conductive structures and insulating structures;
a staircase structure within the stack structures and comprising steps comprising edges of the conductive structures of the alternating conductive structures and insulating structures;
conductive contact structures electrically coupled to the conductive structures of the staircase structure;
support pillar structures horizontally offset from the conductive contact structures and comprising an electrically insulating material extending through the stack structure; and
bridge structures extending between at least some of the support pillar structures and electrically isolating the conductive contact structures from each other.
| 3,700
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337,916
| 16,799,576
| 1,791
|
An ice cream product arranged in such a manner that the ice cream stays on an ice cream cone, bowl, or cup even when the ice cream melts during the process of sale or while the consumer eats the ice cream. A Candy floss is placed on an ice cream cone, bowl, cup, or other receptacle so as to completely cover and flow over the lateral parts of the ice cream cone, bowl, cup, or receptacle. When the ice cream melts, the melted ice cream remains on the candy floss so as avoid contact with the consumer's hands and clothing, or any other area outside the cone, bowl, or cup.
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1- An ice cream product comprising candy floss (2), ice cream (3), and an ice cream cone (1), bowl, or cup (4). 2- The ice cream product of claim 1, wherein the candy floss (2) is disposed on the ice cream cone so as to completely cover the lateral parts of the ice cream cone, and the ice cream (3) is disposed in the middle of the candy floss (2). 3- The ice cream product of claim 1, wherein the candy floss (2) is disposed on the bowl or cup (4) so as to cover the entire interior of the bowl or cup (4) and flow over the lateral parts of the bowl or cup (4).
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An ice cream product arranged in such a manner that the ice cream stays on an ice cream cone, bowl, or cup even when the ice cream melts during the process of sale or while the consumer eats the ice cream. A Candy floss is placed on an ice cream cone, bowl, cup, or other receptacle so as to completely cover and flow over the lateral parts of the ice cream cone, bowl, cup, or receptacle. When the ice cream melts, the melted ice cream remains on the candy floss so as avoid contact with the consumer's hands and clothing, or any other area outside the cone, bowl, or cup.1- An ice cream product comprising candy floss (2), ice cream (3), and an ice cream cone (1), bowl, or cup (4). 2- The ice cream product of claim 1, wherein the candy floss (2) is disposed on the ice cream cone so as to completely cover the lateral parts of the ice cream cone, and the ice cream (3) is disposed in the middle of the candy floss (2). 3- The ice cream product of claim 1, wherein the candy floss (2) is disposed on the bowl or cup (4) so as to cover the entire interior of the bowl or cup (4) and flow over the lateral parts of the bowl or cup (4).
| 1,700
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337,917
| 16,799,553
| 1,791
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The present specification proposes a method for transmitting and receiving a signal, and an apparatus therefor, and more specifically, a method for transmitting, by a first station (STA), a signal to a second STA in a wireless LAN (WLAN) system, the method comprising the steps of: generating a training field including a basic training subfield for each spatial-temporal stream and a training subfield for each spatial-temporal stream on the basis of the total number of spatial-temporal streams, wherein the basic training subfield for each spatial-temporal stream is composed of M (M is a natural number) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols on the basis of the information indicated by a header field; and transmitting a signal including the header field and the training field to the second STA through a corresponding spatial-temporal stream.
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1. A method in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, comprising:
configuring a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) including a training (TRN) field and a header field; and transmitting the PPDU, wherein the TRN field is transmitted based on a repetition of a TRN subfield, wherein the TRN subfield is configured based on a basic TRN subfield and a total number of space-time streams (STSs) used for the PPDU, wherein the basic TRN subfield is configured based on a first sequence, a zero sequence being contiguous to the first sequence, and a second sequence being contiguous to the zero sequence, wherein the zero sequence is configured based on {0, 0, 0}, wherein the basic TRN subfield is repeated to transmit the TRN subfield, and a repetition number of the basic TRN subfield is set based on a TRN subfield sequence length field, wherein the TRN subfield sequence length field is included in the header field. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the repetition number of the basic TRN subfield is 1, 2, or 4. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein, when a value of TRN subfield sequence length field is 0, the repetition number is set to 2,
when a value of TRN subfield sequence length field is 1, the repetition number is set to 4, and when a value of TRN subfield sequence length field is 2, the repetition number is set to 1. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the PPDU is an Enhanced Directional Multi Gigabit (EDMG) PPDU. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein a maximum number of the STSs is 8. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein a number of elements included in the first sequence is same as a number of elements include in the second sequence. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the PPDU is transmitted based on at least one 2.16 GHz channel. 8. A station (STA) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, comprising:
a transceiver configured to transmit a signal to a second STA; and a processor coupled to the transceiver, wherein the processor is configured to: to configure a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) including a training (TRN) field and a header field; and transmit the PPDU, wherein the TRN field is transmitted based on a repetition of a TRN subfield, wherein the TRN subfield is configured based on a basic TRN subfield and a total number of space-time streams (STSs) used for the PPDU, wherein the basic TRN subfield is configured based on a first sequence, a zero sequence being contiguous to the first sequence, and a second sequence being contiguous to the zero sequence, wherein the zero sequence is configured based on {0, 0, 0}, wherein the basic TRN subfield is repeated to transmit the TRN subfield, and a repetition number of the basic TRN subfield is set based on a TRN subfield sequence length field, wherein the TRN subfield sequence length field is included in the header field. 9. The STA of claim 8, wherein the repetition number of the basic TRN subfield is 1, 2, or 4. 10. The STA of claim 8, wherein, when a value of TRN subfield sequence length field is 0, the repetition number is set to 2,
when a value of TRN subfield sequence length field is 1, the repetition number is set to 4, and when a value of TRN subfield sequence length field is 2, the repetition number is set to 1. 11. The STA of claim 8, wherein the PPDU is an Enhanced Directional Multi Gigabit (EDMG) PPDU. 12. The STA of claim 8, wherein a maximum number of the STSs is 8. 13. The STA of claim 8, wherein a number of elements included in the first sequence is same as a number of elements include in the second sequence. 14. The STA of claim 8, wherein the PPDU is transmitted based on at least one 2.16 GHz channel.
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The present specification proposes a method for transmitting and receiving a signal, and an apparatus therefor, and more specifically, a method for transmitting, by a first station (STA), a signal to a second STA in a wireless LAN (WLAN) system, the method comprising the steps of: generating a training field including a basic training subfield for each spatial-temporal stream and a training subfield for each spatial-temporal stream on the basis of the total number of spatial-temporal streams, wherein the basic training subfield for each spatial-temporal stream is composed of M (M is a natural number) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols on the basis of the information indicated by a header field; and transmitting a signal including the header field and the training field to the second STA through a corresponding spatial-temporal stream.1. A method in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, comprising:
configuring a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) including a training (TRN) field and a header field; and transmitting the PPDU, wherein the TRN field is transmitted based on a repetition of a TRN subfield, wherein the TRN subfield is configured based on a basic TRN subfield and a total number of space-time streams (STSs) used for the PPDU, wherein the basic TRN subfield is configured based on a first sequence, a zero sequence being contiguous to the first sequence, and a second sequence being contiguous to the zero sequence, wherein the zero sequence is configured based on {0, 0, 0}, wherein the basic TRN subfield is repeated to transmit the TRN subfield, and a repetition number of the basic TRN subfield is set based on a TRN subfield sequence length field, wherein the TRN subfield sequence length field is included in the header field. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the repetition number of the basic TRN subfield is 1, 2, or 4. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein, when a value of TRN subfield sequence length field is 0, the repetition number is set to 2,
when a value of TRN subfield sequence length field is 1, the repetition number is set to 4, and when a value of TRN subfield sequence length field is 2, the repetition number is set to 1. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the PPDU is an Enhanced Directional Multi Gigabit (EDMG) PPDU. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein a maximum number of the STSs is 8. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein a number of elements included in the first sequence is same as a number of elements include in the second sequence. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the PPDU is transmitted based on at least one 2.16 GHz channel. 8. A station (STA) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, comprising:
a transceiver configured to transmit a signal to a second STA; and a processor coupled to the transceiver, wherein the processor is configured to: to configure a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) including a training (TRN) field and a header field; and transmit the PPDU, wherein the TRN field is transmitted based on a repetition of a TRN subfield, wherein the TRN subfield is configured based on a basic TRN subfield and a total number of space-time streams (STSs) used for the PPDU, wherein the basic TRN subfield is configured based on a first sequence, a zero sequence being contiguous to the first sequence, and a second sequence being contiguous to the zero sequence, wherein the zero sequence is configured based on {0, 0, 0}, wherein the basic TRN subfield is repeated to transmit the TRN subfield, and a repetition number of the basic TRN subfield is set based on a TRN subfield sequence length field, wherein the TRN subfield sequence length field is included in the header field. 9. The STA of claim 8, wherein the repetition number of the basic TRN subfield is 1, 2, or 4. 10. The STA of claim 8, wherein, when a value of TRN subfield sequence length field is 0, the repetition number is set to 2,
when a value of TRN subfield sequence length field is 1, the repetition number is set to 4, and when a value of TRN subfield sequence length field is 2, the repetition number is set to 1. 11. The STA of claim 8, wherein the PPDU is an Enhanced Directional Multi Gigabit (EDMG) PPDU. 12. The STA of claim 8, wherein a maximum number of the STSs is 8. 13. The STA of claim 8, wherein a number of elements included in the first sequence is same as a number of elements include in the second sequence. 14. The STA of claim 8, wherein the PPDU is transmitted based on at least one 2.16 GHz channel.
| 1,700
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337,918
| 16,799,525
| 1,791
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A system, computer-readable storage medium, and computer-implemented method for signing a document involving generating copies of the document in response to receiving actions to perform on the document. In particular, a web service can transmit a document for signing to a client device such that the document is viewable through graphical user interfaces while the underlying content of the document remains non-editable by the client devices through the web service. Responsive to receiving actions, the web service can generate one or more copies of the document that may include modifications that correspond to the received actions.
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1. A method comprising:
receiving, by one or more servers, a pre-tag-indicating a visible location within an electronic document for a signature of a signing role, the electronic document comprising terms of agreement data; transmitting, by the one or more servers to a client device associated with a first user, a web browser graphical user interface (GUI) configured to display the signing role and an available set of users able to be associated with the signing role; receiving, by the one or more servers via the GUI, selection of a second user of the set of users for association with the signing role; associating the second user with the signing role; and responsive to the selection, generating, by the one or more servers, a copy of the electronic document having a tag automatically overlaid in the copy of the electronic document based on the pre-tag, the tag indicating the visible location for the second user associated with the signing role to sign. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein associating the second user with the signing role comprises:
tagging the electronic document with the tag, the tag a signature tag that corresponds to the signing role. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the signing role is one of a plurality of signing roles associated with the electronic document. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the signing role is unassociated with any user of the available set of users; and providing a report identifying that the signing role is unassociated. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the signing role is unassociated with any user of the available set of users; and providing a report identifying that the electronic document has one or more signing roles that are unassociated. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating, by the one or more servers, a history GUI document comprising a list of a plurality of actions taken on the electronic document, the list comprising view links to a plurality of copies of the electronic document including at least a first link to the copy of the electronic document and a second link to a second copy of the electronic document that was generated in response to a further change to the electronic document; receiving, from the client device, a selection of one of the view links; and responsive to receiving the selection of one of the view links, transmitting the copy of the electronic document that corresponds to the selection. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a request to delete the electronic document; and responsive to the request, deleting the electronic document. 8. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps of:
receiving, by one or more servers, a pre-tag-indicating a visible location within an electronic document for a signature of a signing role, the electronic document comprising terms of agreement data; transmitting, by the one or more servers to a client device associated with a first user, a web browser graphical user interface (GUI) configured to display the signing role and an available set of users able to be associated with the signing role; receiving, by the one or more servers via the GUI, selection of a second user of the set of users for association with the signing role; associating the second user with the signing role; and responsive to the selection, generating, by the one or more servers, a copy of the electronic document having a tag automatically overlaid in the copy of the electronic document based on the pre-tag, the tag indicating the visible location for the second user associated with the signing role to sign. 9. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein associating the second user with the signing role comprises:
tagging the electronic document with the tag, the tag a signature tag that corresponds to the signing role. 10. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the signing role is one of a plurality of signing roles associated with the electronic document. 11. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the steps further comprise:
determining that the signing role is unassociated with any user of the available set of users; and providing a report identifying that the signing role is unassociated. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the steps further comprise:
determining that the signing role is unassociated with any user of the available set of users; and providing a report identifying that the electronic document has one or more signing roles that are unassociated. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the steps further comprise:
generating, by the one or more servers, a history GUI document comprising a list of a plurality of actions taken on the electronic document, the list comprising view links to a plurality of copies of the electronic document including at least a first link to the copy of the electronic document and a second link to a second copy of the electronic document that was generated in response to a further change to the electronic document; receiving, from the client device, a selection of one of the view links; and responsive to receiving the selection of one of the view links, transmitting the copy of the electronic document that corresponds to the selection. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the steps further comprise:
receiving a request to delete the electronic document; and responsive to the request, deleting the electronic document. 15. A system comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the steps of:
receiving, by one or more servers, a pre-tag-indicating a visible location within an electronic document for a signature of a signing role, the electronic document comprising terms of agreement data;
transmitting, by the one or more servers to a client device associated with a first user, a web browser graphical user interface (GUI) configured to display the signing role and an available set of users able to be associated with the signing role;
receiving, by the one or more servers via the GUI, selection of a second user of the set of users for association with the signing role;
associating the second user with the signing role; and
responsive to the selection, generating, by the one or more servers, a copy of the electronic document having a tag automatically overlaid in the copy of the electronic document based on the pre-tag, the tag indicating the visible location for the second user associated with the signing role to sign. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein associating the second user with the signing role comprises:
tagging the electronic document with the tag, the tag a signature tag that corresponds to the signing role. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the signing role is one of a plurality of signing roles associated with the electronic document. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the steps further comprise:
determining that the signing role is unassociated with any user of the available set of users; and providing a report identifying that the signing role is unassociated. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the steps further comprise:
determining that the signing role is unassociated with any user of the available set of users; and providing a report identifying that the electronic document has one or more signing roles that are unassociated. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the steps further comprise:
generating, by the one or more servers, a history GUI document comprising a list of a plurality of actions taken on the electronic document, the list comprising view links to a plurality of copies of the electronic document including at least a first link to the copy of the electronic document and a second link to a second copy of the electronic document that was generated in response to a further change to the electronic document; receiving, from the client device, a selection of one of the view links; and responsive to receiving the selection of one of the view links, transmitting the copy of the electronic document that corresponds to the selection.
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A system, computer-readable storage medium, and computer-implemented method for signing a document involving generating copies of the document in response to receiving actions to perform on the document. In particular, a web service can transmit a document for signing to a client device such that the document is viewable through graphical user interfaces while the underlying content of the document remains non-editable by the client devices through the web service. Responsive to receiving actions, the web service can generate one or more copies of the document that may include modifications that correspond to the received actions.1. A method comprising:
receiving, by one or more servers, a pre-tag-indicating a visible location within an electronic document for a signature of a signing role, the electronic document comprising terms of agreement data; transmitting, by the one or more servers to a client device associated with a first user, a web browser graphical user interface (GUI) configured to display the signing role and an available set of users able to be associated with the signing role; receiving, by the one or more servers via the GUI, selection of a second user of the set of users for association with the signing role; associating the second user with the signing role; and responsive to the selection, generating, by the one or more servers, a copy of the electronic document having a tag automatically overlaid in the copy of the electronic document based on the pre-tag, the tag indicating the visible location for the second user associated with the signing role to sign. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein associating the second user with the signing role comprises:
tagging the electronic document with the tag, the tag a signature tag that corresponds to the signing role. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the signing role is one of a plurality of signing roles associated with the electronic document. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the signing role is unassociated with any user of the available set of users; and providing a report identifying that the signing role is unassociated. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining that the signing role is unassociated with any user of the available set of users; and providing a report identifying that the electronic document has one or more signing roles that are unassociated. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
generating, by the one or more servers, a history GUI document comprising a list of a plurality of actions taken on the electronic document, the list comprising view links to a plurality of copies of the electronic document including at least a first link to the copy of the electronic document and a second link to a second copy of the electronic document that was generated in response to a further change to the electronic document; receiving, from the client device, a selection of one of the view links; and responsive to receiving the selection of one of the view links, transmitting the copy of the electronic document that corresponds to the selection. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a request to delete the electronic document; and responsive to the request, deleting the electronic document. 8. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the steps of:
receiving, by one or more servers, a pre-tag-indicating a visible location within an electronic document for a signature of a signing role, the electronic document comprising terms of agreement data; transmitting, by the one or more servers to a client device associated with a first user, a web browser graphical user interface (GUI) configured to display the signing role and an available set of users able to be associated with the signing role; receiving, by the one or more servers via the GUI, selection of a second user of the set of users for association with the signing role; associating the second user with the signing role; and responsive to the selection, generating, by the one or more servers, a copy of the electronic document having a tag automatically overlaid in the copy of the electronic document based on the pre-tag, the tag indicating the visible location for the second user associated with the signing role to sign. 9. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein associating the second user with the signing role comprises:
tagging the electronic document with the tag, the tag a signature tag that corresponds to the signing role. 10. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the signing role is one of a plurality of signing roles associated with the electronic document. 11. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the steps further comprise:
determining that the signing role is unassociated with any user of the available set of users; and providing a report identifying that the signing role is unassociated. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the steps further comprise:
determining that the signing role is unassociated with any user of the available set of users; and providing a report identifying that the electronic document has one or more signing roles that are unassociated. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the steps further comprise:
generating, by the one or more servers, a history GUI document comprising a list of a plurality of actions taken on the electronic document, the list comprising view links to a plurality of copies of the electronic document including at least a first link to the copy of the electronic document and a second link to a second copy of the electronic document that was generated in response to a further change to the electronic document; receiving, from the client device, a selection of one of the view links; and responsive to receiving the selection of one of the view links, transmitting the copy of the electronic document that corresponds to the selection. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 8, wherein the steps further comprise:
receiving a request to delete the electronic document; and responsive to the request, deleting the electronic document. 15. A system comprising:
a processor; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the steps of:
receiving, by one or more servers, a pre-tag-indicating a visible location within an electronic document for a signature of a signing role, the electronic document comprising terms of agreement data;
transmitting, by the one or more servers to a client device associated with a first user, a web browser graphical user interface (GUI) configured to display the signing role and an available set of users able to be associated with the signing role;
receiving, by the one or more servers via the GUI, selection of a second user of the set of users for association with the signing role;
associating the second user with the signing role; and
responsive to the selection, generating, by the one or more servers, a copy of the electronic document having a tag automatically overlaid in the copy of the electronic document based on the pre-tag, the tag indicating the visible location for the second user associated with the signing role to sign. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein associating the second user with the signing role comprises:
tagging the electronic document with the tag, the tag a signature tag that corresponds to the signing role. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the signing role is one of a plurality of signing roles associated with the electronic document. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the steps further comprise:
determining that the signing role is unassociated with any user of the available set of users; and providing a report identifying that the signing role is unassociated. 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the steps further comprise:
determining that the signing role is unassociated with any user of the available set of users; and providing a report identifying that the electronic document has one or more signing roles that are unassociated. 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the steps further comprise:
generating, by the one or more servers, a history GUI document comprising a list of a plurality of actions taken on the electronic document, the list comprising view links to a plurality of copies of the electronic document including at least a first link to the copy of the electronic document and a second link to a second copy of the electronic document that was generated in response to a further change to the electronic document; receiving, from the client device, a selection of one of the view links; and responsive to receiving the selection of one of the view links, transmitting the copy of the electronic document that corresponds to the selection.
| 1,700
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337,919
| 16,799,564
| 3,612
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An HVAC system for a power machine can include a housing configured to be supported on a front frame member of the power machine forward of an operator enclosure. A ductwork section can be connected to the housing and direct air from the housing to a front opening in the operator enclosure.
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1. A power machine comprising:
an articulated frame with a front frame member and a rear frame member, the front frame member being configured to pivot relative to the rear frame member; an operator enclosure supported on the front frame member, the operator enclosure being configured to pivot with the front frame member relative to the rear frame member and including an enclosure frame and an operator station that is at least partly enclosed by the enclosure frame; a lift arm structure arranged forward of the operator enclosure and configured to move relative to the front frame member under power, with first and second lateral portions of the operator enclosure being defined on opposing lateral sides, respectively, of a path of travel of the lift arm structure; and a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system that includes:
an HVAC housing that is supported on the operator enclosure at least partly forward of the operator enclosure;
a blower fan within the HVAC housing; and
a rigid ductwork section arranged to direct air from the blower fan along a flow path from the HVAC housing to a front opening in the operator enclosure;
the flow path extending on only the first lateral portion of the operator enclosure; and
the rigid ductwork section not including any portion of the enclosure frame. 2. The power machine of claim 1, wherein the front opening in the operator enclosure is aligned with an inlet to a plenum; and
wherein air directed into the plenum via the flow path is directed by the plenum, within the operator station, laterally across the path of travel of the lift arm structure to the second lateral portion of the operator enclosure. 3. The power machine of claim 2, wherein the plenum is at least partly within an instrument panel of the operator station and directs air to a first vent within the first lateral portion of the operator enclosure and to a second vent within the second lateral portion of the operator enclosure. 4. A power machine comprising:
an articulated frame with a front frame member and a rear frame member, the front frame member being configured to pivot relative to the rear frame member; an operator enclosure supported on the front frame member to define an operator station and configured to pivot with the front frame member relative to the rear frame member; a lift arm structure arranged forward of the operator station and configured to move relative to the front frame member under power, the lift arm structure defining opposing first and second lateral portions of the operator enclosure; and a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) unit supported on the front frame member at least partly forward of the operator enclosure and including:
an HVAC housing;
a blower fan within the HVAC housing; and
a rigid ductwork section arranged to direct air from the blower fan along a flow path from the HVAC housing to a front opening in the operator enclosure. 5. The power machine of claim 4, wherein the HVAC unit extends along only one of the first and second lateral portions of the operator enclosure. 6. The power machine of claim 5, wherein the HVAC unit is mounted to and positioned forward of a front wall of the operator enclosure, the front wall being forward of the operator station and including the front opening. 7. The power machine of claim 6, wherein the HVAC unit directs air from the HVAC housing to the front opening only along the front wall of the operator enclosure. 8. The power machine of claim 4, wherein the rigid ductwork section does not form part of a support frame of the operator enclosure. 9. The power machine of claim 8, wherein the flow path extends substantially through only the rigid ductwork section between the HVAC housing and the front opening. 10. The power machine of claim 4, wherein the lift arm structure defines a path of movement for a lift arm; and
wherein the flow path between the HVAC housing and the front opening does not extend laterally across the path of movement. 11. The power machine of claim 10, wherein the operator station includes a plenum in fluid communication with a first vent and a second vent to direct air into the operator station, and
wherein the first vent is within the first lateral portion of the operator enclosure and the second vent is within the second lateral portion of the operator enclosure. 12. The power machine of claim 11, wherein the HVAC housing and the rigid ductwork section extend along only one of the first and second lateral portions of the operator enclosure. 13. A heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system configured to interface with a front opening in a front side of an operator enclosure of a power machine with an articulated frame, the HVAC system comprising:
a housing configured to be supported on a front frame member of the power machine forward of the operator enclosure; a blower fan within the housing; and a ductwork section connected to the housing and configured to direct air from the blower fan along a flow path from the housing to the front opening in the operator enclosure. 14. The HVAC system of claim 13, wherein the housing is configured to be mounted to a front wall of the operator enclosure, and to extend only along a first of two opposing lateral portions of the operator enclosure when the housing is mounted to the front wall. 15. The HVAC system of claim 14, wherein the ductwork section is configured so that the flow path extends only along the first lateral portion of the operator enclosure when the housing is mounted to the front wall. 16. The HVAC system of claim 15, wherein the two opposing lateral portions of the operator enclosure are defined on respective opposing sides of a lift arm path of the power machine; and
wherein the ductwork section is configured to not extend laterally across the lift arm path when the housing is mounted to the operator enclosure. 17. The HVAC system of claim 16, wherein the flow path extends substantially only through the ductwork section. 18. The HVAC system of claim 13, wherein the ductwork section is a rigid ductwork section with a first end connected to the housing and a second end configured to connect to a front wall of the operator enclosure. 19. The HVAC system of claim 18, wherein the rigid ductwork section does not form part of a support frame of the operator enclosure and is not coextensive with the support frame of the operator enclosure. 20. The HVAC system of claim 19, wherein the HVAC housing and the ductwork section are configured to direct air from the blower fan only along a front wall of the operator enclosure and only along a first of two opposing lateral portions of the operator enclosure defined by a lift arm path of the power machine, when the housing is secured to the operator enclosure.
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An HVAC system for a power machine can include a housing configured to be supported on a front frame member of the power machine forward of an operator enclosure. A ductwork section can be connected to the housing and direct air from the housing to a front opening in the operator enclosure.1. A power machine comprising:
an articulated frame with a front frame member and a rear frame member, the front frame member being configured to pivot relative to the rear frame member; an operator enclosure supported on the front frame member, the operator enclosure being configured to pivot with the front frame member relative to the rear frame member and including an enclosure frame and an operator station that is at least partly enclosed by the enclosure frame; a lift arm structure arranged forward of the operator enclosure and configured to move relative to the front frame member under power, with first and second lateral portions of the operator enclosure being defined on opposing lateral sides, respectively, of a path of travel of the lift arm structure; and a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system that includes:
an HVAC housing that is supported on the operator enclosure at least partly forward of the operator enclosure;
a blower fan within the HVAC housing; and
a rigid ductwork section arranged to direct air from the blower fan along a flow path from the HVAC housing to a front opening in the operator enclosure;
the flow path extending on only the first lateral portion of the operator enclosure; and
the rigid ductwork section not including any portion of the enclosure frame. 2. The power machine of claim 1, wherein the front opening in the operator enclosure is aligned with an inlet to a plenum; and
wherein air directed into the plenum via the flow path is directed by the plenum, within the operator station, laterally across the path of travel of the lift arm structure to the second lateral portion of the operator enclosure. 3. The power machine of claim 2, wherein the plenum is at least partly within an instrument panel of the operator station and directs air to a first vent within the first lateral portion of the operator enclosure and to a second vent within the second lateral portion of the operator enclosure. 4. A power machine comprising:
an articulated frame with a front frame member and a rear frame member, the front frame member being configured to pivot relative to the rear frame member; an operator enclosure supported on the front frame member to define an operator station and configured to pivot with the front frame member relative to the rear frame member; a lift arm structure arranged forward of the operator station and configured to move relative to the front frame member under power, the lift arm structure defining opposing first and second lateral portions of the operator enclosure; and a heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) unit supported on the front frame member at least partly forward of the operator enclosure and including:
an HVAC housing;
a blower fan within the HVAC housing; and
a rigid ductwork section arranged to direct air from the blower fan along a flow path from the HVAC housing to a front opening in the operator enclosure. 5. The power machine of claim 4, wherein the HVAC unit extends along only one of the first and second lateral portions of the operator enclosure. 6. The power machine of claim 5, wherein the HVAC unit is mounted to and positioned forward of a front wall of the operator enclosure, the front wall being forward of the operator station and including the front opening. 7. The power machine of claim 6, wherein the HVAC unit directs air from the HVAC housing to the front opening only along the front wall of the operator enclosure. 8. The power machine of claim 4, wherein the rigid ductwork section does not form part of a support frame of the operator enclosure. 9. The power machine of claim 8, wherein the flow path extends substantially through only the rigid ductwork section between the HVAC housing and the front opening. 10. The power machine of claim 4, wherein the lift arm structure defines a path of movement for a lift arm; and
wherein the flow path between the HVAC housing and the front opening does not extend laterally across the path of movement. 11. The power machine of claim 10, wherein the operator station includes a plenum in fluid communication with a first vent and a second vent to direct air into the operator station, and
wherein the first vent is within the first lateral portion of the operator enclosure and the second vent is within the second lateral portion of the operator enclosure. 12. The power machine of claim 11, wherein the HVAC housing and the rigid ductwork section extend along only one of the first and second lateral portions of the operator enclosure. 13. A heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) system configured to interface with a front opening in a front side of an operator enclosure of a power machine with an articulated frame, the HVAC system comprising:
a housing configured to be supported on a front frame member of the power machine forward of the operator enclosure; a blower fan within the housing; and a ductwork section connected to the housing and configured to direct air from the blower fan along a flow path from the housing to the front opening in the operator enclosure. 14. The HVAC system of claim 13, wherein the housing is configured to be mounted to a front wall of the operator enclosure, and to extend only along a first of two opposing lateral portions of the operator enclosure when the housing is mounted to the front wall. 15. The HVAC system of claim 14, wherein the ductwork section is configured so that the flow path extends only along the first lateral portion of the operator enclosure when the housing is mounted to the front wall. 16. The HVAC system of claim 15, wherein the two opposing lateral portions of the operator enclosure are defined on respective opposing sides of a lift arm path of the power machine; and
wherein the ductwork section is configured to not extend laterally across the lift arm path when the housing is mounted to the operator enclosure. 17. The HVAC system of claim 16, wherein the flow path extends substantially only through the ductwork section. 18. The HVAC system of claim 13, wherein the ductwork section is a rigid ductwork section with a first end connected to the housing and a second end configured to connect to a front wall of the operator enclosure. 19. The HVAC system of claim 18, wherein the rigid ductwork section does not form part of a support frame of the operator enclosure and is not coextensive with the support frame of the operator enclosure. 20. The HVAC system of claim 19, wherein the HVAC housing and the ductwork section are configured to direct air from the blower fan only along a front wall of the operator enclosure and only along a first of two opposing lateral portions of the operator enclosure defined by a lift arm path of the power machine, when the housing is secured to the operator enclosure.
| 3,600
|
337,920
| 16,799,559
| 3,612
|
A method for the prediction, prognosis and/or diagnosis of bladder cancer or bladder cancer recurrence in a subject, the method includes: providing a test sample from the subject; measuring DNA methylation levels of at least a portion of two or more polynucleotides selected from the group consisting of HOXA9, SOX1, NPY, IRAK3, L1-MET, and ZO2 in the test sample; calculating a risk score based on the measured DNA methylation levels, comparing the calculated risk score to a cut-off value derived from a reference DNA methylation profile based on DNA methylation levels of the one or more biomarkers derived from a control group, members of which had bladder cancer; and based on the comparison calculated risk score to the cut-off value, determining at least one of: (1) whether bladder cancer has recurred; (2) whether there is likelihood that the bladder cancer will recur; and (3) whether the patient has bladder cancer. The one or more polynucleotides preferably comprise SOX1, IRAK3 and L1-MET.
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1. A method for the prediction, prognosis and/or diagnosis of bladder cancer or bladder cancer recurrence in a subject, the method comprising:
providing a test sample from the subject; measuring a DNA methylation level of at least a portion of one or more polynucleotides selected from the group consisting of HOXA9, SOX1, NPY, IRAK3, L1-MET, and ZO2 in the test sample; comparing the DNA methylation level of the one or more polynucleotides in the test sample to a reference DNA methylation profile based on the DNA methylation levels of the one or more polynucleotides in a control group, members of which had bladder cancer; and based on the comparison, determining at least one of: (1) whether bladder cancer has recurred; (2) whether there is likelihood that the bladder cancer will recur; and (3) whether the patient has bladder cancer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the test sample is urine or blood. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more polynucleotide is HOXA9. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more polynucleotides includes at least one hypomethylated polynucleotide and at least one hypermethylated polynucleotide. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more polynucleotides comprise SOX1, IRAK3 and L1-MET. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more polynucleotides consist of SOX1, IRAK3 and L1-MET. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: extracting DNA from the test sample, bisulfite conversion, and PCR amplification. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein DNA Methylation Levels is a percentage of methylated cytosines, defined as a number of methylated cytosines divided by the sum of methylated and unmethylated cytosines. 9. A system comprising:
a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a computer readable program code stored thereon for causing a processor to obtain the measured DNA methylation levels of one or more of HOXA9, SOX1, NPY, IRAK3, L1-Met, and ZO2 in the test sample; compare the DNA methylation levels of the one or more biomarkers in the test sample to a reference DNA methylation profile of the one or more biomarkers derived from a control group, members of which had bladder cancer. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein a report is generated based on the comparison providing guidance as to one of: (1) whether bladder cancer has recurred; (2) whether there is risk that the bladder cancer will recur; and (3) whether the patient has bladder cancer. 11. A system comprising:
a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising computer readable program code stored thereon for causing a processor to obtain the measured DNA methylation levels of two or more of HOXA9, SOX1, NPY, IRAK3, L1-Met, and ZO2 in the test sample; calculate a risk score; and compare the risk score to a cutoff value derived from a reference DNA methylation profile based on DNA methylation levels of the one or more biomarkers derived from a control group, members of which had bladder cancer. 12. The system of claim 11, further comprising: a report providing guidance based on the risk score as to one of: (1) whether bladder cancer has recurred; (2) whether there is risk that the bladder cancer will recur; and (3) whether the patient has bladder cancer.
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A method for the prediction, prognosis and/or diagnosis of bladder cancer or bladder cancer recurrence in a subject, the method includes: providing a test sample from the subject; measuring DNA methylation levels of at least a portion of two or more polynucleotides selected from the group consisting of HOXA9, SOX1, NPY, IRAK3, L1-MET, and ZO2 in the test sample; calculating a risk score based on the measured DNA methylation levels, comparing the calculated risk score to a cut-off value derived from a reference DNA methylation profile based on DNA methylation levels of the one or more biomarkers derived from a control group, members of which had bladder cancer; and based on the comparison calculated risk score to the cut-off value, determining at least one of: (1) whether bladder cancer has recurred; (2) whether there is likelihood that the bladder cancer will recur; and (3) whether the patient has bladder cancer. The one or more polynucleotides preferably comprise SOX1, IRAK3 and L1-MET.1. A method for the prediction, prognosis and/or diagnosis of bladder cancer or bladder cancer recurrence in a subject, the method comprising:
providing a test sample from the subject; measuring a DNA methylation level of at least a portion of one or more polynucleotides selected from the group consisting of HOXA9, SOX1, NPY, IRAK3, L1-MET, and ZO2 in the test sample; comparing the DNA methylation level of the one or more polynucleotides in the test sample to a reference DNA methylation profile based on the DNA methylation levels of the one or more polynucleotides in a control group, members of which had bladder cancer; and based on the comparison, determining at least one of: (1) whether bladder cancer has recurred; (2) whether there is likelihood that the bladder cancer will recur; and (3) whether the patient has bladder cancer. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the test sample is urine or blood. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more polynucleotide is HOXA9. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more polynucleotides includes at least one hypomethylated polynucleotide and at least one hypermethylated polynucleotide. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more polynucleotides comprise SOX1, IRAK3 and L1-MET. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more polynucleotides consist of SOX1, IRAK3 and L1-MET. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: extracting DNA from the test sample, bisulfite conversion, and PCR amplification. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein DNA Methylation Levels is a percentage of methylated cytosines, defined as a number of methylated cytosines divided by the sum of methylated and unmethylated cytosines. 9. A system comprising:
a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising a computer readable program code stored thereon for causing a processor to obtain the measured DNA methylation levels of one or more of HOXA9, SOX1, NPY, IRAK3, L1-Met, and ZO2 in the test sample; compare the DNA methylation levels of the one or more biomarkers in the test sample to a reference DNA methylation profile of the one or more biomarkers derived from a control group, members of which had bladder cancer. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein a report is generated based on the comparison providing guidance as to one of: (1) whether bladder cancer has recurred; (2) whether there is risk that the bladder cancer will recur; and (3) whether the patient has bladder cancer. 11. A system comprising:
a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising computer readable program code stored thereon for causing a processor to obtain the measured DNA methylation levels of two or more of HOXA9, SOX1, NPY, IRAK3, L1-Met, and ZO2 in the test sample; calculate a risk score; and compare the risk score to a cutoff value derived from a reference DNA methylation profile based on DNA methylation levels of the one or more biomarkers derived from a control group, members of which had bladder cancer. 12. The system of claim 11, further comprising: a report providing guidance based on the risk score as to one of: (1) whether bladder cancer has recurred; (2) whether there is risk that the bladder cancer will recur; and (3) whether the patient has bladder cancer.
| 3,600
|
337,921
| 16,799,570
| 3,612
|
A hydraulic sub-assembly of the present disclosure can be used with a power machine. The hydraulic sub-assembly can include a support panel and a plurality of components secured to the support panel, to be supported by the support panel relative to the power machine. The plurality of components can include a control valve configured to provide hydraulic control of the work functions and hydraulic. The support panel can be configured to be a structural portion of a cab of the power machine.
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1. A hydraulic sub-assembly for use with a power machine with a cab that includes an operator station, the hydraulic sub-assembly comprising:
a support panel configured to be secured to a lateral side of the cab; and a plurality of components secured to and supported by the support panel; the plurality of components including:
a control valve;
an operator input device configured for control of hydraulic work functions of the power machine, the operator input device being mounted on and in hydraulic communication with the control valve;
a pilot valve configured to facilitate interoperation of the control valve and the operator input device;
hydraulic conduits including one or more tube lines and one or more flexible hoses;
a hydraulic cooler; and
a hydraulic filter; and
the support panel being configured to define a structural side wall of the cab, with one or more of the control valve, the operator input device, the pilot valve, or the hydraulic cooler positioned opposite the support panel from the operator station. 2. The hydraulic sub-assembly of claim 1, wherein the support panel is configured to form part of an inner lateral side wall of the cab that faces the operator station. 3. The hydraulic sub-assembly of claim 1, wherein the hydraulic filter is positioned on an opposite side of the support panel from the one or more of the control valve, the operator input device, the pilot valve, or the hydraulic cooler. 4. The hydraulic sub-assembly of claim 3, wherein the hydraulic filter is positioned on an opposite side of the support panel from each of the control valve, the operator input device, the pilot valve, and the hydraulic cooler. 5. The hydraulic sub-assembly of claim 4, wherein the hydraulic filter is configured to be positioned at least partly behind or below an operator station of the cab. 6. The hydraulic sub-assembly of claim 1, wherein the hydraulic cooler is supported by a cooler bracket that is configured to space the hydraulic cooler laterally apart from the support panel to provide a clearance between the hydraulic cooler and the support panel. 7. The hydraulic sub-assembly of claim 6, wherein the cooler bracket supports the hydraulic cooler over an access opening in the support panel. 8. The hydraulic sub-assembly of claim 6, wherein one or more of the hydraulic conduits are routed through the clearance between the hydraulic cooler and the support panel. 9. The hydraulic sub-assembly of claim 1, wherein the support panel is made from a unitary piece of material. 10. An articulated loader comprising:
a cab that defines an operator station and is supported on a front frame member of an articulated frame; and a hydraulic sub-assembly that includes:
a support panel that is securable to the cab and forms at least part of a structural side wall of the cab, laterally adjacent to the operator station; and
a control valve secured to the support panel to be supported by the support panel relative to the cab, the control valve being configured to provide hydraulic control of work functions of the articulated loader based on inputs from an operator within the operator station. 11. The articulated loader of claim 10, wherein the hydraulic sub-assembly includes a plurality of hydraulic components supported by the support panel, the plurality of hydraulic components including two or more of:
an operator input device configured to provide the inputs to the control valve; a pilot valve configured to facilitate interoperation of the control valve and the operator input device; hydraulic conduits including one or more tube lines and one or more flexible hoses; a hydraulic cooler; and a hydraulic filter. 12. The articulated loader of claim 11, wherein the operator input device, the pilot valve the hydraulic conduits, and the hydraulic cooler are supported by the support panel to be on an opposite lateral side of the support panel from the operator station. 13. The articulated loader of claim 12, wherein the control valve and the hydraulic cooler are supported on a front portion of the support panel; and
wherein the pilot valve is supported on a rear portion of the support panel. 14. The articulated loader of claim 13, wherein the pilot valve is supported on an elevated portion of the support panel that is configured to pivot with the cab, to extend over a rear frame member of the articulated frame, when the front frame member pivots relative to the rear frame member. 15. The articulated loader of claim 12, wherein the hydraulic cooler is supported by the support panel to be at least partly forward of the operator station, with a lateral clearance provided between the hydraulic cooler and the support panel. 16. The articulated loader of claim 15, wherein the hydraulic filter is supported by the support panel to be on a same lateral side of the support panel as the operator station. 17. The articulated loader of claim 16, wherein the hydraulic filter is supported by the support panel to be at least partly below and behind the operator station. 18. A method of manufacturing a power machine, the method comprising:
assembling a hydraulic sub-assembly, including:
providing a support panel; and
securing a control valve and a plurality of hydraulic components to the support panel; and
securing the hydraulic sub-assembly to a frame of the power machine to support the control valve and the plurality of hydraulic components relative to the frame, with the support panel defining a structural portion of a lateral side of a cab of the power machine. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the plurality of hydraulic components include:
an operator input device that is configured for hydraulic control of work functions of the power machine via hydraulic communication with the control valve; a pilot valve in hydraulic communication with the control valve for hydraulic control of the work functions; hydraulic conduits including one or more tube lines and one or more flexible hoses; a cooler bracket; a hydraulic cooler secured to the cooler bracket, with one or more of the hydraulic conduits extending through a lateral clearance between the hydraulic cooler and the support panel; and a hydraulic filter. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the hydraulic sub-assembly is secured to the frame of the power machine with the control valve, the operator input device, the pilot valve, the cooler bracket, and the hydraulic cooler positioned opposite the support panel from an operator station of the cab, and with the hydraulic filter positioned on the same side of the support panel as the operator station and at least partly beneath the operator station.
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A hydraulic sub-assembly of the present disclosure can be used with a power machine. The hydraulic sub-assembly can include a support panel and a plurality of components secured to the support panel, to be supported by the support panel relative to the power machine. The plurality of components can include a control valve configured to provide hydraulic control of the work functions and hydraulic. The support panel can be configured to be a structural portion of a cab of the power machine.1. A hydraulic sub-assembly for use with a power machine with a cab that includes an operator station, the hydraulic sub-assembly comprising:
a support panel configured to be secured to a lateral side of the cab; and a plurality of components secured to and supported by the support panel; the plurality of components including:
a control valve;
an operator input device configured for control of hydraulic work functions of the power machine, the operator input device being mounted on and in hydraulic communication with the control valve;
a pilot valve configured to facilitate interoperation of the control valve and the operator input device;
hydraulic conduits including one or more tube lines and one or more flexible hoses;
a hydraulic cooler; and
a hydraulic filter; and
the support panel being configured to define a structural side wall of the cab, with one or more of the control valve, the operator input device, the pilot valve, or the hydraulic cooler positioned opposite the support panel from the operator station. 2. The hydraulic sub-assembly of claim 1, wherein the support panel is configured to form part of an inner lateral side wall of the cab that faces the operator station. 3. The hydraulic sub-assembly of claim 1, wherein the hydraulic filter is positioned on an opposite side of the support panel from the one or more of the control valve, the operator input device, the pilot valve, or the hydraulic cooler. 4. The hydraulic sub-assembly of claim 3, wherein the hydraulic filter is positioned on an opposite side of the support panel from each of the control valve, the operator input device, the pilot valve, and the hydraulic cooler. 5. The hydraulic sub-assembly of claim 4, wherein the hydraulic filter is configured to be positioned at least partly behind or below an operator station of the cab. 6. The hydraulic sub-assembly of claim 1, wherein the hydraulic cooler is supported by a cooler bracket that is configured to space the hydraulic cooler laterally apart from the support panel to provide a clearance between the hydraulic cooler and the support panel. 7. The hydraulic sub-assembly of claim 6, wherein the cooler bracket supports the hydraulic cooler over an access opening in the support panel. 8. The hydraulic sub-assembly of claim 6, wherein one or more of the hydraulic conduits are routed through the clearance between the hydraulic cooler and the support panel. 9. The hydraulic sub-assembly of claim 1, wherein the support panel is made from a unitary piece of material. 10. An articulated loader comprising:
a cab that defines an operator station and is supported on a front frame member of an articulated frame; and a hydraulic sub-assembly that includes:
a support panel that is securable to the cab and forms at least part of a structural side wall of the cab, laterally adjacent to the operator station; and
a control valve secured to the support panel to be supported by the support panel relative to the cab, the control valve being configured to provide hydraulic control of work functions of the articulated loader based on inputs from an operator within the operator station. 11. The articulated loader of claim 10, wherein the hydraulic sub-assembly includes a plurality of hydraulic components supported by the support panel, the plurality of hydraulic components including two or more of:
an operator input device configured to provide the inputs to the control valve; a pilot valve configured to facilitate interoperation of the control valve and the operator input device; hydraulic conduits including one or more tube lines and one or more flexible hoses; a hydraulic cooler; and a hydraulic filter. 12. The articulated loader of claim 11, wherein the operator input device, the pilot valve the hydraulic conduits, and the hydraulic cooler are supported by the support panel to be on an opposite lateral side of the support panel from the operator station. 13. The articulated loader of claim 12, wherein the control valve and the hydraulic cooler are supported on a front portion of the support panel; and
wherein the pilot valve is supported on a rear portion of the support panel. 14. The articulated loader of claim 13, wherein the pilot valve is supported on an elevated portion of the support panel that is configured to pivot with the cab, to extend over a rear frame member of the articulated frame, when the front frame member pivots relative to the rear frame member. 15. The articulated loader of claim 12, wherein the hydraulic cooler is supported by the support panel to be at least partly forward of the operator station, with a lateral clearance provided between the hydraulic cooler and the support panel. 16. The articulated loader of claim 15, wherein the hydraulic filter is supported by the support panel to be on a same lateral side of the support panel as the operator station. 17. The articulated loader of claim 16, wherein the hydraulic filter is supported by the support panel to be at least partly below and behind the operator station. 18. A method of manufacturing a power machine, the method comprising:
assembling a hydraulic sub-assembly, including:
providing a support panel; and
securing a control valve and a plurality of hydraulic components to the support panel; and
securing the hydraulic sub-assembly to a frame of the power machine to support the control valve and the plurality of hydraulic components relative to the frame, with the support panel defining a structural portion of a lateral side of a cab of the power machine. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the plurality of hydraulic components include:
an operator input device that is configured for hydraulic control of work functions of the power machine via hydraulic communication with the control valve; a pilot valve in hydraulic communication with the control valve for hydraulic control of the work functions; hydraulic conduits including one or more tube lines and one or more flexible hoses; a cooler bracket; a hydraulic cooler secured to the cooler bracket, with one or more of the hydraulic conduits extending through a lateral clearance between the hydraulic cooler and the support panel; and a hydraulic filter. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the hydraulic sub-assembly is secured to the frame of the power machine with the control valve, the operator input device, the pilot valve, the cooler bracket, and the hydraulic cooler positioned opposite the support panel from an operator station of the cab, and with the hydraulic filter positioned on the same side of the support panel as the operator station and at least partly beneath the operator station.
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337,922
| 16,799,566
| 3,612
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A memory system includes: a first memory module including first volatile memories; a second memory module including second volatile memories, non-volatile memories and a module controller; a memory controller controlling the first and second memory modules through second and third control buses, respectively; and a switch array electrically coupling the second and third control buses, wherein the module controller controls the switch array to electrically couple the second and third control buses in a backup operation for backing up data of the first volatile memories to the non-volatile memories, wherein the first and second memory modules include one or more first memory stacks and one or more second memory stacks, respectively, wherein the first volatile memories are stacked in the first memory stacks, and wherein the second volatile memories, the non-volatile memories and the module controller are stacked in the second memory stacks.
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1. A memory system comprising:
a first memory module including one or more first volatile memories; a second memory module including one or more second volatile memories, one or more non-volatile memories and a module controller; a memory controller configured to control the first and second memory modules through a second control bus and a third control bus, respectively; and a switch array configured to electrically couple the second control bus to the third control bus, wherein the module controller is configured to control the switch array to electrically couple the second control bus to the third control bus in a backup operation for backing up data of the first volatile memories to the non-volatile memories, wherein the first and second memory modules include one or more first memory stacks and one or more second memory stacks, respectively, wherein the first volatile memories are stacked in the first memory stacks, and wherein the second volatile memories, the non-volatile memories and the module controller are stacked in the second memory stacks. 2. The memory system of claim 1, the memory system further comprises a first control bus configured to transmit first control signals between the memory controller and the first memory module and between the memory controller and the second memory module. 3. The memory system of claim 2, the memory system further comprises a data bus configured to transmit data between the memory controller and the first memory module and between the memory controller and the second memory module. 4. The memory system of claim 3, the module controller is configured to control the switch array to electrically couple the second control bus to the third control bus in a recovery operation for recovering the data backed up in the non-volatile memories to the first volatile memories. 5. The memory system of claim 4, wherein, in the backup operation, the module controller is configured to:
control the first memory module to read the data from the first volatile memories; and control the second memory module to write the read data to the non-volatile memories. 6. The memory system of claim 3, wherein the module controller is configured to control the first memory module in the backup operation by using the first control bus and the third control bus, which is electrically coupled to the second control bus. 7. The memory system of claim 3, wherein the module controller is configured to control the first memory module to transmit the data of the first volatile memories to the second memory module through the data bus. 8. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the module controller is configured to back up data of the second volatile memories to the non-volatile memories. 9. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the module controller is configured to control the switch array to electrically decouple the second control bus and the third control bus from the memory controller. 10. The memory system of claim 4, the module controller is configured to control the first and second memory modules to perform the backup operation when a power failure of a host occurs. 11. The memory system of claim 10, the memory system further comprises an emergency power source configured to supply a power to the first and second memory modules and the switch array in the backup operation by the power failure of the host. 12. The memory system of claim 5, wherein, in the recovery operation, the module controller is configured to:
control the second memory module to read the data from the non-volatile memories; and control the first memory module to write the read data to the first volatile memories. 13. The memory system of claim 8, the module controller is configured to recover the data of the non-volatile memories to the second volatile memories. 14. The memory system of claim 10, wherein the module controller is configured to control the first and second memory modules to perform the recovery operation when a power of the host is recovered. 15. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the module controller is communicatively coupled to the first and second memory modules through a through-via. 16. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the module controller is configured to transmit second control signals to the first memory module through the third control bus electrically coupled to the second control bus. 17. The memory system of claim 2, wherein the first control signals include an active signal, a column address strobe signal, a row address strobe signal and address signals for the first and second memory modules. 18. The memory system of claim 16, wherein the second control signals include a chip select signal, a clock enable signal, an on-die termination signal and a clock signal for the first memory module.
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A memory system includes: a first memory module including first volatile memories; a second memory module including second volatile memories, non-volatile memories and a module controller; a memory controller controlling the first and second memory modules through second and third control buses, respectively; and a switch array electrically coupling the second and third control buses, wherein the module controller controls the switch array to electrically couple the second and third control buses in a backup operation for backing up data of the first volatile memories to the non-volatile memories, wherein the first and second memory modules include one or more first memory stacks and one or more second memory stacks, respectively, wherein the first volatile memories are stacked in the first memory stacks, and wherein the second volatile memories, the non-volatile memories and the module controller are stacked in the second memory stacks.1. A memory system comprising:
a first memory module including one or more first volatile memories; a second memory module including one or more second volatile memories, one or more non-volatile memories and a module controller; a memory controller configured to control the first and second memory modules through a second control bus and a third control bus, respectively; and a switch array configured to electrically couple the second control bus to the third control bus, wherein the module controller is configured to control the switch array to electrically couple the second control bus to the third control bus in a backup operation for backing up data of the first volatile memories to the non-volatile memories, wherein the first and second memory modules include one or more first memory stacks and one or more second memory stacks, respectively, wherein the first volatile memories are stacked in the first memory stacks, and wherein the second volatile memories, the non-volatile memories and the module controller are stacked in the second memory stacks. 2. The memory system of claim 1, the memory system further comprises a first control bus configured to transmit first control signals between the memory controller and the first memory module and between the memory controller and the second memory module. 3. The memory system of claim 2, the memory system further comprises a data bus configured to transmit data between the memory controller and the first memory module and between the memory controller and the second memory module. 4. The memory system of claim 3, the module controller is configured to control the switch array to electrically couple the second control bus to the third control bus in a recovery operation for recovering the data backed up in the non-volatile memories to the first volatile memories. 5. The memory system of claim 4, wherein, in the backup operation, the module controller is configured to:
control the first memory module to read the data from the first volatile memories; and control the second memory module to write the read data to the non-volatile memories. 6. The memory system of claim 3, wherein the module controller is configured to control the first memory module in the backup operation by using the first control bus and the third control bus, which is electrically coupled to the second control bus. 7. The memory system of claim 3, wherein the module controller is configured to control the first memory module to transmit the data of the first volatile memories to the second memory module through the data bus. 8. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the module controller is configured to back up data of the second volatile memories to the non-volatile memories. 9. The memory system of claim 4, wherein the module controller is configured to control the switch array to electrically decouple the second control bus and the third control bus from the memory controller. 10. The memory system of claim 4, the module controller is configured to control the first and second memory modules to perform the backup operation when a power failure of a host occurs. 11. The memory system of claim 10, the memory system further comprises an emergency power source configured to supply a power to the first and second memory modules and the switch array in the backup operation by the power failure of the host. 12. The memory system of claim 5, wherein, in the recovery operation, the module controller is configured to:
control the second memory module to read the data from the non-volatile memories; and control the first memory module to write the read data to the first volatile memories. 13. The memory system of claim 8, the module controller is configured to recover the data of the non-volatile memories to the second volatile memories. 14. The memory system of claim 10, wherein the module controller is configured to control the first and second memory modules to perform the recovery operation when a power of the host is recovered. 15. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the module controller is communicatively coupled to the first and second memory modules through a through-via. 16. The memory system of claim 1, wherein the module controller is configured to transmit second control signals to the first memory module through the third control bus electrically coupled to the second control bus. 17. The memory system of claim 2, wherein the first control signals include an active signal, a column address strobe signal, a row address strobe signal and address signals for the first and second memory modules. 18. The memory system of claim 16, wherein the second control signals include a chip select signal, a clock enable signal, an on-die termination signal and a clock signal for the first memory module.
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337,923
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| 3,612
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Methods for recombinant production of steviol glycoside and compositions containing steviol glycosides are provided by this invention.
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1. A method for producing Rebaudioside M (RebM) or a steviol glycoside composition comprising RebM, comprising contacting a starting composition, comprising a steviol, a steviol glycoside having a 13-O-glucose, a 19-O-glucose, or both a 13-O-glucose and a 19-O-glucose, and/or a mixture thereof with a first uridine 5′-diphospho (UDP) glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of a C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside and a uridine 5′-diphospho (UDP) glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside and a number of UDP-sugars, under suitable reaction conditions to transfer a number of sugar moieties from the number of UDP-sugars to the steviol glycoside, thereby producing RebM or the steviol glycoside composition comprising RebM;
wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide is capable of converting Rebaudioside A (RebA) to Rebaudioside D (RebD) at a rate that is at least 10 times faster than the rate at which a UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:15 or SEQ ID NO:86 is capable of converting RebA to RebD under corresponding reaction conditions; and/or
wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide is capable of converting higher amounts of RebA to RebD compared to the UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:15 or SEQ ID NO:86 under corresponding reaction conditions. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the steviol or the steviol glycoside in the starting composition is plant-derived or synthetic. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the starting composition is further contacted with:
(a) a second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside; and/or (b) a 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group; and/or (c) a 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
(a) the second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having 90% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:15 or SEQ ID NO:86, a polypeptide having a substitution at residues 211 and 286 of SEQ ID NO:15, or a combination thereof; and/or (b) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group comprises a polypeptide having 55% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:19; and/or (c) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having 55% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:26; and/or (d) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having 50% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of a C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having 65% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:16. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the starting composition comprises stevioside, RebA, Rebaudioside B (RebB), Rebaudioside E (RebE), RebD, or mixtures thereof. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having one or more of the following amino acid substitutions of SEQ ID NO:2: Q23G, Q23H, I26F, I26W, T55K, T55E, S56A, Y128S, Y128E, T146A, T146G, T146P, H155R, H155L, H155R, Q198R, S253W, S253G, L257P, L257W, L257T, L257G, L257A, L257R, L257E, S283G, S283N, T284R, T284G, S285R, S285T, S285G, K337E, K337P, and L379V. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of a C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside and 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside are expressed in a recombinant host cell. 9. The method of claim 3, wherein:
(a) the second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside; and/or (b) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group; and/or (c) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group are expressed in a recombinant host cell. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the recombinant host cell is capable of producing RebM when fed with rubusoside, 1,2-stevioside, or a mixture thereof. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the recombinant host cell is capable of producing RebM when fed with steviol-13-O-glucoside and the cell further comprises:
(a) a second recombinant gene encoding the second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside; and (b) a gene encoding the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the recombinant host cell is a fungal cell, an algal cell, or a bacterial cell. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the fungal cell comprises a yeast cell, and wherein the yeast cell is a cell from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Yarrowia lipolytica, Candida glabrata, Ashbya gossypii, Cyberlindnera jadinii, Pichia pastoris, Kluyveromyces lactis, Hansenula polymorpha, Candida boidinii, Arxula adeninivorans, Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, or Candida albicans species. 14. The method of claim 1, which is an enzymatic in vitro method. 15. The method of claim 8, which is a whole cell in vitro method. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the composition comprises sucrose and sucrose synthase to regenerate UDP-glucose from the UDP generated during glycosylation reactions. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the enzymatic in vitro method comprises multiple reactions carried out together or stepwise. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the whole cells are in suspension or immobilized. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the cells are permeabilized to facilitate transfer of substrate into the cells. 20. The claim of method 19, wherein the cell are permeabilized with a solvent, a detergent, a surfactant, electroporation or slight osmotic shock.
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Methods for recombinant production of steviol glycoside and compositions containing steviol glycosides are provided by this invention.1. A method for producing Rebaudioside M (RebM) or a steviol glycoside composition comprising RebM, comprising contacting a starting composition, comprising a steviol, a steviol glycoside having a 13-O-glucose, a 19-O-glucose, or both a 13-O-glucose and a 19-O-glucose, and/or a mixture thereof with a first uridine 5′-diphospho (UDP) glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of a C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside and a uridine 5′-diphospho (UDP) glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside and a number of UDP-sugars, under suitable reaction conditions to transfer a number of sugar moieties from the number of UDP-sugars to the steviol glycoside, thereby producing RebM or the steviol glycoside composition comprising RebM;
wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide is capable of converting Rebaudioside A (RebA) to Rebaudioside D (RebD) at a rate that is at least 10 times faster than the rate at which a UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:15 or SEQ ID NO:86 is capable of converting RebA to RebD under corresponding reaction conditions; and/or
wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide is capable of converting higher amounts of RebA to RebD compared to the UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:15 or SEQ ID NO:86 under corresponding reaction conditions. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the steviol or the steviol glycoside in the starting composition is plant-derived or synthetic. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the starting composition is further contacted with:
(a) a second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside; and/or (b) a 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group; and/or (c) a 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
(a) the second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having 90% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:15 or SEQ ID NO:86, a polypeptide having a substitution at residues 211 and 286 of SEQ ID NO:15, or a combination thereof; and/or (b) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group comprises a polypeptide having 55% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:19; and/or (c) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having 55% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:26; and/or (d) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having 50% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of a C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having 65% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:16. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the starting composition comprises stevioside, RebA, Rebaudioside B (RebB), Rebaudioside E (RebE), RebD, or mixtures thereof. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having one or more of the following amino acid substitutions of SEQ ID NO:2: Q23G, Q23H, I26F, I26W, T55K, T55E, S56A, Y128S, Y128E, T146A, T146G, T146P, H155R, H155L, H155R, Q198R, S253W, S253G, L257P, L257W, L257T, L257G, L257A, L257R, L257E, S283G, S283N, T284R, T284G, S285R, S285T, S285G, K337E, K337P, and L379V. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of a C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside and 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside are expressed in a recombinant host cell. 9. The method of claim 3, wherein:
(a) the second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside; and/or (b) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group; and/or (c) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group are expressed in a recombinant host cell. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the recombinant host cell is capable of producing RebM when fed with rubusoside, 1,2-stevioside, or a mixture thereof. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the recombinant host cell is capable of producing RebM when fed with steviol-13-O-glucoside and the cell further comprises:
(a) a second recombinant gene encoding the second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside; and (b) a gene encoding the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the recombinant host cell is a fungal cell, an algal cell, or a bacterial cell. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the fungal cell comprises a yeast cell, and wherein the yeast cell is a cell from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Yarrowia lipolytica, Candida glabrata, Ashbya gossypii, Cyberlindnera jadinii, Pichia pastoris, Kluyveromyces lactis, Hansenula polymorpha, Candida boidinii, Arxula adeninivorans, Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, or Candida albicans species. 14. The method of claim 1, which is an enzymatic in vitro method. 15. The method of claim 8, which is a whole cell in vitro method. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the composition comprises sucrose and sucrose synthase to regenerate UDP-glucose from the UDP generated during glycosylation reactions. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the enzymatic in vitro method comprises multiple reactions carried out together or stepwise. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the whole cells are in suspension or immobilized. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the cells are permeabilized to facilitate transfer of substrate into the cells. 20. The claim of method 19, wherein the cell are permeabilized with a solvent, a detergent, a surfactant, electroporation or slight osmotic shock.
| 3,600
|
337,924
| 16,799,561
| 3,612
|
Methods for recombinant production of steviol glycoside and compositions containing steviol glycosides are provided by this invention.
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1. A method for producing Rebaudioside M (RebM) or a steviol glycoside composition comprising RebM, comprising contacting a starting composition, comprising a steviol, a steviol glycoside having a 13-O-glucose, a 19-O-glucose, or both a 13-O-glucose and a 19-O-glucose, and/or a mixture thereof with a first uridine 5′-diphospho (UDP) glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of a C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside and a uridine 5′-diphospho (UDP) glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside and a number of UDP-sugars, under suitable reaction conditions to transfer a number of sugar moieties from the number of UDP-sugars to the steviol glycoside, thereby producing RebM or the steviol glycoside composition comprising RebM;
wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide is capable of converting Rebaudioside A (RebA) to Rebaudioside D (RebD) at a rate that is at least 10 times faster than the rate at which a UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:15 or SEQ ID NO:86 is capable of converting RebA to RebD under corresponding reaction conditions; and/or
wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide is capable of converting higher amounts of RebA to RebD compared to the UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:15 or SEQ ID NO:86 under corresponding reaction conditions. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the steviol or the steviol glycoside in the starting composition is plant-derived or synthetic. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the starting composition is further contacted with:
(a) a second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside; and/or (b) a 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group; and/or (c) a 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
(a) the second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having 90% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:15 or SEQ ID NO:86, a polypeptide having a substitution at residues 211 and 286 of SEQ ID NO:15, or a combination thereof; and/or (b) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group comprises a polypeptide having 55% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:19; and/or (c) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having 55% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:26; and/or (d) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having 50% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of a C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having 65% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:16. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the starting composition comprises stevioside, RebA, Rebaudioside B (RebB), Rebaudioside E (RebE), RebD, or mixtures thereof. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having one or more of the following amino acid substitutions of SEQ ID NO:2: Q23G, Q23H, I26F, I26W, T55K, T55E, S56A, Y128S, Y128E, T146A, T146G, T146P, H155R, H155L, H155R, Q198R, S253W, S253G, L257P, L257W, L257T, L257G, L257A, L257R, L257E, S283G, S283N, T284R, T284G, S285R, S285T, S285G, K337E, K337P, and L379V. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of a C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside and 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside are expressed in a recombinant host cell. 9. The method of claim 3, wherein:
(a) the second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside; and/or (b) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group; and/or (c) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group are expressed in a recombinant host cell. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the recombinant host cell is capable of producing RebM when fed with rubusoside, 1,2-stevioside, or a mixture thereof. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the recombinant host cell is capable of producing RebM when fed with steviol-13-O-glucoside and the cell further comprises:
(a) a second recombinant gene encoding the second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside; and (b) a gene encoding the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the recombinant host cell is a fungal cell, an algal cell, or a bacterial cell. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the fungal cell comprises a yeast cell, and wherein the yeast cell is a cell from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Yarrowia lipolytica, Candida glabrata, Ashbya gossypii, Cyberlindnera jadinii, Pichia pastoris, Kluyveromyces lactis, Hansenula polymorpha, Candida boidinii, Arxula adeninivorans, Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, or Candida albicans species. 14. The method of claim 1, which is an enzymatic in vitro method. 15. The method of claim 8, which is a whole cell in vitro method. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the composition comprises sucrose and sucrose synthase to regenerate UDP-glucose from the UDP generated during glycosylation reactions. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the enzymatic in vitro method comprises multiple reactions carried out together or stepwise. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the whole cells are in suspension or immobilized. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the cells are permeabilized to facilitate transfer of substrate into the cells. 20. The claim of method 19, wherein the cell are permeabilized with a solvent, a detergent, a surfactant, electroporation or slight osmotic shock.
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Methods for recombinant production of steviol glycoside and compositions containing steviol glycosides are provided by this invention.1. A method for producing Rebaudioside M (RebM) or a steviol glycoside composition comprising RebM, comprising contacting a starting composition, comprising a steviol, a steviol glycoside having a 13-O-glucose, a 19-O-glucose, or both a 13-O-glucose and a 19-O-glucose, and/or a mixture thereof with a first uridine 5′-diphospho (UDP) glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of a C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside and a uridine 5′-diphospho (UDP) glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside and a number of UDP-sugars, under suitable reaction conditions to transfer a number of sugar moieties from the number of UDP-sugars to the steviol glycoside, thereby producing RebM or the steviol glycoside composition comprising RebM;
wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide is capable of converting Rebaudioside A (RebA) to Rebaudioside D (RebD) at a rate that is at least 10 times faster than the rate at which a UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:15 or SEQ ID NO:86 is capable of converting RebA to RebD under corresponding reaction conditions; and/or
wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide is capable of converting higher amounts of RebA to RebD compared to the UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:15 or SEQ ID NO:86 under corresponding reaction conditions. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the steviol or the steviol glycoside in the starting composition is plant-derived or synthetic. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the starting composition is further contacted with:
(a) a second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside; and/or (b) a 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group; and/or (c) a 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
(a) the second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having 90% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:15 or SEQ ID NO:86, a polypeptide having a substitution at residues 211 and 286 of SEQ ID NO:15, or a combination thereof; and/or (b) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group comprises a polypeptide having 55% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:19; and/or (c) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having 55% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:26; and/or (d) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having 50% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of a C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having 65% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:16. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the starting composition comprises stevioside, RebA, Rebaudioside B (RebB), Rebaudioside E (RebE), RebD, or mixtures thereof. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having one or more of the following amino acid substitutions of SEQ ID NO:2: Q23G, Q23H, I26F, I26W, T55K, T55E, S56A, Y128S, Y128E, T146A, T146G, T146P, H155R, H155L, H155R, Q198R, S253W, S253G, L257P, L257W, L257T, L257G, L257A, L257R, L257E, S283G, S283N, T284R, T284G, S285R, S285T, S285G, K337E, K337P, and L379V. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of a C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside and 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside are expressed in a recombinant host cell. 9. The method of claim 3, wherein:
(a) the second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside; and/or (b) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group; and/or (c) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group are expressed in a recombinant host cell. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the recombinant host cell is capable of producing RebM when fed with rubusoside, 1,2-stevioside, or a mixture thereof. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the recombinant host cell is capable of producing RebM when fed with steviol-13-O-glucoside and the cell further comprises:
(a) a second recombinant gene encoding the second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside; and (b) a gene encoding the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the recombinant host cell is a fungal cell, an algal cell, or a bacterial cell. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the fungal cell comprises a yeast cell, and wherein the yeast cell is a cell from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Yarrowia lipolytica, Candida glabrata, Ashbya gossypii, Cyberlindnera jadinii, Pichia pastoris, Kluyveromyces lactis, Hansenula polymorpha, Candida boidinii, Arxula adeninivorans, Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, or Candida albicans species. 14. The method of claim 1, which is an enzymatic in vitro method. 15. The method of claim 8, which is a whole cell in vitro method. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the composition comprises sucrose and sucrose synthase to regenerate UDP-glucose from the UDP generated during glycosylation reactions. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the enzymatic in vitro method comprises multiple reactions carried out together or stepwise. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the whole cells are in suspension or immobilized. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the cells are permeabilized to facilitate transfer of substrate into the cells. 20. The claim of method 19, wherein the cell are permeabilized with a solvent, a detergent, a surfactant, electroporation or slight osmotic shock.
| 3,600
|
337,925
| 16,799,511
| 3,612
|
Methods for recombinant production of steviol glycoside and compositions containing steviol glycosides are provided by this invention.
|
1. A method for producing Rebaudioside M (RebM) or a steviol glycoside composition comprising RebM, comprising contacting a starting composition, comprising a steviol, a steviol glycoside having a 13-O-glucose, a 19-O-glucose, or both a 13-O-glucose and a 19-O-glucose, and/or a mixture thereof with a first uridine 5′-diphospho (UDP) glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of a C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside and a uridine 5′-diphospho (UDP) glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside and a number of UDP-sugars, under suitable reaction conditions to transfer a number of sugar moieties from the number of UDP-sugars to the steviol glycoside, thereby producing RebM or the steviol glycoside composition comprising RebM;
wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide is capable of converting Rebaudioside A (RebA) to Rebaudioside D (RebD) at a rate that is at least 10 times faster than the rate at which a UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:15 or SEQ ID NO:86 is capable of converting RebA to RebD under corresponding reaction conditions; and/or
wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide is capable of converting higher amounts of RebA to RebD compared to the UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:15 or SEQ ID NO:86 under corresponding reaction conditions. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the steviol or the steviol glycoside in the starting composition is plant-derived or synthetic. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the starting composition is further contacted with:
(a) a second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside; and/or (b) a 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group; and/or (c) a 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
(a) the second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having 90% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:15 or SEQ ID NO:86, a polypeptide having a substitution at residues 211 and 286 of SEQ ID NO:15, or a combination thereof; and/or (b) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group comprises a polypeptide having 55% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:19; and/or (c) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having 55% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:26; and/or (d) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having 50% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of a C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having 65% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:16. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the starting composition comprises stevioside, RebA, Rebaudioside B (RebB), Rebaudioside E (RebE), RebD, or mixtures thereof. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having one or more of the following amino acid substitutions of SEQ ID NO:2: Q23G, Q23H, I26F, I26W, T55K, T55E, S56A, Y128S, Y128E, T146A, T146G, T146P, H155R, H155L, H155R, Q198R, S253W, S253G, L257P, L257W, L257T, L257G, L257A, L257R, L257E, S283G, S283N, T284R, T284G, S285R, S285T, S285G, K337E, K337P, and L379V. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of a C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside and 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside are expressed in a recombinant host cell. 9. The method of claim 3, wherein:
(a) the second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside; and/or (b) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group; and/or (c) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group are expressed in a recombinant host cell. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the recombinant host cell is capable of producing RebM when fed with rubusoside, 1,2-stevioside, or a mixture thereof. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the recombinant host cell is capable of producing RebM when fed with steviol-13-O-glucoside and the cell further comprises:
(a) a second recombinant gene encoding the second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside; and (b) a gene encoding the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the recombinant host cell is a fungal cell, an algal cell, or a bacterial cell. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the fungal cell comprises a yeast cell, and wherein the yeast cell is a cell from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Yarrowia lipolytica, Candida glabrata, Ashbya gossypii, Cyberlindnera jadinii, Pichia pastoris, Kluyveromyces lactis, Hansenula polymorpha, Candida boidinii, Arxula adeninivorans, Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, or Candida albicans species. 14. The method of claim 1, which is an enzymatic in vitro method. 15. The method of claim 8, which is a whole cell in vitro method. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the composition comprises sucrose and sucrose synthase to regenerate UDP-glucose from the UDP generated during glycosylation reactions. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the enzymatic in vitro method comprises multiple reactions carried out together or stepwise. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the whole cells are in suspension or immobilized. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the cells are permeabilized to facilitate transfer of substrate into the cells. 20. The claim of method 19, wherein the cell are permeabilized with a solvent, a detergent, a surfactant, electroporation or slight osmotic shock.
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Methods for recombinant production of steviol glycoside and compositions containing steviol glycosides are provided by this invention.1. A method for producing Rebaudioside M (RebM) or a steviol glycoside composition comprising RebM, comprising contacting a starting composition, comprising a steviol, a steviol glycoside having a 13-O-glucose, a 19-O-glucose, or both a 13-O-glucose and a 19-O-glucose, and/or a mixture thereof with a first uridine 5′-diphospho (UDP) glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of a C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside and a uridine 5′-diphospho (UDP) glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside and a number of UDP-sugars, under suitable reaction conditions to transfer a number of sugar moieties from the number of UDP-sugars to the steviol glycoside, thereby producing RebM or the steviol glycoside composition comprising RebM;
wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide is capable of converting Rebaudioside A (RebA) to Rebaudioside D (RebD) at a rate that is at least 10 times faster than the rate at which a UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:15 or SEQ ID NO:86 is capable of converting RebA to RebD under corresponding reaction conditions; and/or
wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide is capable of converting higher amounts of RebA to RebD compared to the UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:15 or SEQ ID NO:86 under corresponding reaction conditions. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the steviol or the steviol glycoside in the starting composition is plant-derived or synthetic. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the starting composition is further contacted with:
(a) a second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside; and/or (b) a 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group; and/or (c) a 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
(a) the second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having 90% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:15 or SEQ ID NO:86, a polypeptide having a substitution at residues 211 and 286 of SEQ ID NO:15, or a combination thereof; and/or (b) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group comprises a polypeptide having 55% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:19; and/or (c) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group comprises a polypeptide having 55% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:26; and/or (d) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having 50% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:2. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of a C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having 65% or greater sequence identity to the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:16. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the starting composition comprises stevioside, RebA, Rebaudioside B (RebB), Rebaudioside E (RebE), RebD, or mixtures thereof. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside comprises a polypeptide having one or more of the following amino acid substitutions of SEQ ID NO:2: Q23G, Q23H, I26F, I26W, T55K, T55E, S56A, Y128S, Y128E, T146A, T146G, T146P, H155R, H155L, H155R, Q198R, S253W, S253G, L257P, L257W, L257T, L257G, L257A, L257R, L257E, S283G, S283N, T284R, T284G, S285R, S285T, S285G, K337E, K337P, and L379V. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the first 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of a C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside and 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,3 glycosylation of the C3′ of the 13-O-glucose, the 19-O-glucose, or both the 13-O-glucose and the 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside are expressed in a recombinant host cell. 9. The method of claim 3, wherein:
(a) the second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside; and/or (b) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group; and/or (c) the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-13 hydroxyl group are expressed in a recombinant host cell. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the recombinant host cell is capable of producing RebM when fed with rubusoside, 1,2-stevioside, or a mixture thereof. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the recombinant host cell is capable of producing RebM when fed with steviol-13-O-glucoside and the cell further comprises:
(a) a second recombinant gene encoding the second 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of beta 1,2 glycosylation of the C2′ of the 13-O-glucose, 19-O-glucose, or both 13-O-glucose and 19-O-glucose of the steviol glycoside; and (b) a gene encoding the 5′-UDP glycosyl transferase polypeptide capable of glycosylating steviol or the steviol glycoside at its C-19 carboxyl group. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the recombinant host cell is a fungal cell, an algal cell, or a bacterial cell. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the fungal cell comprises a yeast cell, and wherein the yeast cell is a cell from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Yarrowia lipolytica, Candida glabrata, Ashbya gossypii, Cyberlindnera jadinii, Pichia pastoris, Kluyveromyces lactis, Hansenula polymorpha, Candida boidinii, Arxula adeninivorans, Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, or Candida albicans species. 14. The method of claim 1, which is an enzymatic in vitro method. 15. The method of claim 8, which is a whole cell in vitro method. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the composition comprises sucrose and sucrose synthase to regenerate UDP-glucose from the UDP generated during glycosylation reactions. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the enzymatic in vitro method comprises multiple reactions carried out together or stepwise. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the whole cells are in suspension or immobilized. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the cells are permeabilized to facilitate transfer of substrate into the cells. 20. The claim of method 19, wherein the cell are permeabilized with a solvent, a detergent, a surfactant, electroporation or slight osmotic shock.
| 3,600
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337,926
| 16,799,574
| 2,456
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A device with embedded intrusion detection includes a housing, a first processing circuit configured to perform one or more functions, a communication path configured to communicate data between the first processing circuit and one or more other components, and a second processing circuit. The second processing circuit is configured to monitor the data transmitted on the communication path, determine whether the device is in a compromised state based on the monitored data, and initiate a corrective action responsive to a determination that the device is in the compromised state. The first processing circuit and the second processing circuit are contained within the housing.
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1. A device with embedded intrusion detection, the device comprising:
a housing; a first processing circuit configured to perform one or more functions; a communication path configured to communicate data between the first processing circuit and one or more other components; and a second processing circuit, the first processing circuit and the second processing circuit contained within the housing, the second processing circuit configured to:
monitor the data transmitted on the communication path;
determine whether the device is in a compromised state based on the monitored data; and
initiate a corrective action responsive to a determination that the device is in the compromised state. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the corrective action comprises:
generating a notification comprising information associated with the determination that the device is in the compromised state; and transmitting, to a user device via a network connection, the notification. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the corrective action comprises at least one of:
transmitting, via the communication path, a reset signal to the first processing circuit; or transmitting, via the communication path, random data to the first processing circuit. 4. The device of claim 1, the second processing circuit configured to:
identify a traffic pattern for the communication path, wherein the traffic pattern is a pattern of the data transmitted on the communication path; and generate a first traffic profile for the device based on the traffic pattern. 5. The device of claim 4, the second processing circuit configured to receive a second traffic profile based on previously identified patterns of data associated with known malicious data. 6. The device of claim 5, the second processing circuit configured to determine that the device is in the compromised state by:
determining that the monitored data does not match the first traffic profile for the device; or determining that the monitored data is outside of a threshold of the second traffic profile. 7. A circuit for detecting whether a building device is in a compromised state, the circuit structured to be mounted within a housing of the building device, the building device comprising a processor and a communication path configured to communicate data between the processor and one or more other components of the building device, the circuit comprising:
an interface configured to receive data transmitted on the processor communication path; and processing circuitry configured to:
analyze the received data to determine whether the building device is in the compromised state; and
initiate a corrective action responsive to a determination that the building device is in the compromised state. 8. The circuit of claim 7, wherein the communication path is at least one of an address bus, a data bus, or a control bus. 9. The circuit of claim 7, the processing circuitry further configured to:
identify a traffic pattern for the communication path, wherein the traffic pattern is a pattern of the data transmitted on the communication path; and generate a first traffic profile for the building device based on the traffic pattern. 10. The circuit of claim 9, the processing circuit further configured to receive, from a user device, a second traffic profile based on previously identified patterns of data associated with known malicious data. 11. The circuit of claim 10, wherein a determination that the building device is in the compromised state is based on:
an indication that the received data does not match the first traffic profile for the building device; or an indication that the received data is outside of a threshold of the second traffic profile. 12. The circuit of claim 7, wherein initiating the corrective action comprises at least one of:
transmitting, via the communication path, a reset signal to the processor of the building device; or transmitting, via the communication path, random data to the processor of the building device. 13. The circuit of claim 7, the processing circuitry further configured to:
generate, based on a determination that the building device is in the compromised state, at least one of an alert or a report, the report comprising information associated with the determination that the building device is in the compromised state; and transmit, to a user device via a network connection, at least one of the alert or the report. 14. A system comprising:
a building device comprising:
a housing;
a processor configured to perform one or more functions; and
a communication path configured to communicate data between the processor and one or more other components of the building, wherein the processor and the communication path are contained within the housing; and
a circuit comprising:
an interface configured to receive data transmitted on the communication path; and
processing circuitry configured to analyze the received data to determine whether the building device is in a compromised state. 15. The system of claim 14, the processing circuitry further configured to:
identify a traffic pattern for the communication path, wherein the traffic pattern is a pattern of the data transmitted on the communication path; and generate a traffic profile for the building device based on the traffic pattern. 16. The system of claim 15, the processing circuit further configured to receive, from a user device, a second traffic profile based on previously identified patterns of data associated with known malicious data. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein a determination that the building device is in the compromised state is based on:
an indication that the received data does not match the first traffic profile for the building device; or an indication that the received data matches the second traffic profile. 18. The system of claim 14, the processing circuitry further configured to initiate a corrective action, wherein the corrective action comprises at least one of:
transmitting, via the communication path, a reset signal to the processor of the building device; or transmitting, via the communication path, random data to the processor of the building device. 19. The system of claim 14, the processing circuitry further configured to:
generate, based on a determination that the building device is in the compromised state, at least one of an alert or a report, the report comprising data associated with the determination that the building device is in the compromised state; and transmit, to a user device via a network connection, at least one of the alert or the report. 20. The system of claim 14, wherein the communication path is at least one of an address bus, a data bus, or a control bus.
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A device with embedded intrusion detection includes a housing, a first processing circuit configured to perform one or more functions, a communication path configured to communicate data between the first processing circuit and one or more other components, and a second processing circuit. The second processing circuit is configured to monitor the data transmitted on the communication path, determine whether the device is in a compromised state based on the monitored data, and initiate a corrective action responsive to a determination that the device is in the compromised state. The first processing circuit and the second processing circuit are contained within the housing.1. A device with embedded intrusion detection, the device comprising:
a housing; a first processing circuit configured to perform one or more functions; a communication path configured to communicate data between the first processing circuit and one or more other components; and a second processing circuit, the first processing circuit and the second processing circuit contained within the housing, the second processing circuit configured to:
monitor the data transmitted on the communication path;
determine whether the device is in a compromised state based on the monitored data; and
initiate a corrective action responsive to a determination that the device is in the compromised state. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the corrective action comprises:
generating a notification comprising information associated with the determination that the device is in the compromised state; and transmitting, to a user device via a network connection, the notification. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the corrective action comprises at least one of:
transmitting, via the communication path, a reset signal to the first processing circuit; or transmitting, via the communication path, random data to the first processing circuit. 4. The device of claim 1, the second processing circuit configured to:
identify a traffic pattern for the communication path, wherein the traffic pattern is a pattern of the data transmitted on the communication path; and generate a first traffic profile for the device based on the traffic pattern. 5. The device of claim 4, the second processing circuit configured to receive a second traffic profile based on previously identified patterns of data associated with known malicious data. 6. The device of claim 5, the second processing circuit configured to determine that the device is in the compromised state by:
determining that the monitored data does not match the first traffic profile for the device; or determining that the monitored data is outside of a threshold of the second traffic profile. 7. A circuit for detecting whether a building device is in a compromised state, the circuit structured to be mounted within a housing of the building device, the building device comprising a processor and a communication path configured to communicate data between the processor and one or more other components of the building device, the circuit comprising:
an interface configured to receive data transmitted on the processor communication path; and processing circuitry configured to:
analyze the received data to determine whether the building device is in the compromised state; and
initiate a corrective action responsive to a determination that the building device is in the compromised state. 8. The circuit of claim 7, wherein the communication path is at least one of an address bus, a data bus, or a control bus. 9. The circuit of claim 7, the processing circuitry further configured to:
identify a traffic pattern for the communication path, wherein the traffic pattern is a pattern of the data transmitted on the communication path; and generate a first traffic profile for the building device based on the traffic pattern. 10. The circuit of claim 9, the processing circuit further configured to receive, from a user device, a second traffic profile based on previously identified patterns of data associated with known malicious data. 11. The circuit of claim 10, wherein a determination that the building device is in the compromised state is based on:
an indication that the received data does not match the first traffic profile for the building device; or an indication that the received data is outside of a threshold of the second traffic profile. 12. The circuit of claim 7, wherein initiating the corrective action comprises at least one of:
transmitting, via the communication path, a reset signal to the processor of the building device; or transmitting, via the communication path, random data to the processor of the building device. 13. The circuit of claim 7, the processing circuitry further configured to:
generate, based on a determination that the building device is in the compromised state, at least one of an alert or a report, the report comprising information associated with the determination that the building device is in the compromised state; and transmit, to a user device via a network connection, at least one of the alert or the report. 14. A system comprising:
a building device comprising:
a housing;
a processor configured to perform one or more functions; and
a communication path configured to communicate data between the processor and one or more other components of the building, wherein the processor and the communication path are contained within the housing; and
a circuit comprising:
an interface configured to receive data transmitted on the communication path; and
processing circuitry configured to analyze the received data to determine whether the building device is in a compromised state. 15. The system of claim 14, the processing circuitry further configured to:
identify a traffic pattern for the communication path, wherein the traffic pattern is a pattern of the data transmitted on the communication path; and generate a traffic profile for the building device based on the traffic pattern. 16. The system of claim 15, the processing circuit further configured to receive, from a user device, a second traffic profile based on previously identified patterns of data associated with known malicious data. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein a determination that the building device is in the compromised state is based on:
an indication that the received data does not match the first traffic profile for the building device; or an indication that the received data matches the second traffic profile. 18. The system of claim 14, the processing circuitry further configured to initiate a corrective action, wherein the corrective action comprises at least one of:
transmitting, via the communication path, a reset signal to the processor of the building device; or transmitting, via the communication path, random data to the processor of the building device. 19. The system of claim 14, the processing circuitry further configured to:
generate, based on a determination that the building device is in the compromised state, at least one of an alert or a report, the report comprising data associated with the determination that the building device is in the compromised state; and transmit, to a user device via a network connection, at least one of the alert or the report. 20. The system of claim 14, wherein the communication path is at least one of an address bus, a data bus, or a control bus.
| 2,400
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337,927
| 16,799,572
| 2,456
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A method of transmitting and receiving signals in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system and a device for the same are provided. More particularly, there are provided a method and a device for the same in which a station operating in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) mode transmits and receives signals through two aggregated channels.
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1. A method in a wireless local area network (WLAN), the method performed by a station (STA) and comprising:
configuring a header field including information related to whether dual carrier modulation (DCM) is applied; applying the DCM by generating a first modulation symbol value for a first channel and a second modulation symbol value for a second channel, wherein the first modulation symbol value includes a first complex value and a second complex value, wherein the second modulation symbol value includes a third complex value and a fourth complex value, wherein the first complex value is used for a first group of data subcarriers in the first channel, the second complex value is used for a second group of data subcarriers in the first channel, the third complex value is used for a first group of data subcarriers in the second channel, the fourth complex value is used for a second group of data subcarriers in the second channel, wherein the first complex value is modulated based on each pair of bits included in first input encoded bits of a first spatial stream (SS), wherein the second complex value is modulated based on each pair of bits included in second input encoded bits of a second SS, wherein the third complex value is modulated based on each pair of bits included in the first input encoded bits of the first SS, wherein the fourth complex value is modulated based on each pair of bits included in the second input encoded bits of the second SS, wherein the first modulation symbol value is complex conjugate of the second modulation symbol value; configuring a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) including the header field, the first modulation symbol value, and the second modulation symbol value; and transmitting the PPDU based on the first and second channels. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second channels are aggregated. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first channel is a primary 2.16 GHz or a primary 4.32 GHz, and the second channel is a secondary 2.16 GHz or a secondary 4.32 GHz. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the PPDU is an Enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) PPDU. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the DCM is applied based on a Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first group of data subcarriers are contiguous to the second group of data subcarriers. 7. A station in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, comprising:
a transceiver having at least one radio frequency (RF) chain and configured to transmit a signal; and a processor connected to the transceiver and configured to process the signal wherein the processor is further configured: to configure a header field including information related to whether dual carrier modulation (DCM) is applied, to apply the DCM by generating a first modulation symbol value for a first channel and a second modulation symbol value for a second channel, wherein the first modulation symbol value includes a first complex value and a second complex value, wherein the second modulation symbol value includes a third complex value and a fourth complex value, wherein the first complex value is used for a first group of data subcarriers in the first channel, the second complex value is used for a second group of data subcarriers in the first channel, the third complex value is used for a first group of data subcarriers in the second channel, the fourth complex value is used for a second group of data subcarriers in the second channel, wherein the first complex value is modulated based on each pair of bits included in first input encoded bits of a first spatial stream (SS), wherein the second complex value is modulated based on each pair of bits included in second input encoded bits of a second SS, wherein the third complex value is modulated based on each pair of bits included in the first input encoded bits of the first SS, wherein the fourth complex value is modulated based on each pair of bits included in the second input encoded bits of the second SS, wherein the first modulation symbol value is complex conjugate of the second modulation symbol value, to configure a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) including the header field, the first modulation symbol value, and the second modulation symbol value, and to transmit the PPDU based on the first and second channels. 8. The station of claim 7, wherein the first and second channels are aggregated. 9. The station of claim 8, wherein the first channel is a primary 2.16 GHz or a primary 4.32 GHz, and the second channel is a secondary 2.16 GHz or a secondary 4.32 GHz. 10. The station of claim 7, wherein the PPDU is an Enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) PPDU. 11. The station of claim 7, wherein the DCM is applied based on a Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation. 12. The station of claim 7, wherein the first group of data sub carriers are contiguous to the second group of data subcarriers.
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A method of transmitting and receiving signals in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system and a device for the same are provided. More particularly, there are provided a method and a device for the same in which a station operating in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) mode transmits and receives signals through two aggregated channels.1. A method in a wireless local area network (WLAN), the method performed by a station (STA) and comprising:
configuring a header field including information related to whether dual carrier modulation (DCM) is applied; applying the DCM by generating a first modulation symbol value for a first channel and a second modulation symbol value for a second channel, wherein the first modulation symbol value includes a first complex value and a second complex value, wherein the second modulation symbol value includes a third complex value and a fourth complex value, wherein the first complex value is used for a first group of data subcarriers in the first channel, the second complex value is used for a second group of data subcarriers in the first channel, the third complex value is used for a first group of data subcarriers in the second channel, the fourth complex value is used for a second group of data subcarriers in the second channel, wherein the first complex value is modulated based on each pair of bits included in first input encoded bits of a first spatial stream (SS), wherein the second complex value is modulated based on each pair of bits included in second input encoded bits of a second SS, wherein the third complex value is modulated based on each pair of bits included in the first input encoded bits of the first SS, wherein the fourth complex value is modulated based on each pair of bits included in the second input encoded bits of the second SS, wherein the first modulation symbol value is complex conjugate of the second modulation symbol value; configuring a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) including the header field, the first modulation symbol value, and the second modulation symbol value; and transmitting the PPDU based on the first and second channels. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second channels are aggregated. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first channel is a primary 2.16 GHz or a primary 4.32 GHz, and the second channel is a secondary 2.16 GHz or a secondary 4.32 GHz. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the PPDU is an Enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) PPDU. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the DCM is applied based on a Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first group of data subcarriers are contiguous to the second group of data subcarriers. 7. A station in a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, comprising:
a transceiver having at least one radio frequency (RF) chain and configured to transmit a signal; and a processor connected to the transceiver and configured to process the signal wherein the processor is further configured: to configure a header field including information related to whether dual carrier modulation (DCM) is applied, to apply the DCM by generating a first modulation symbol value for a first channel and a second modulation symbol value for a second channel, wherein the first modulation symbol value includes a first complex value and a second complex value, wherein the second modulation symbol value includes a third complex value and a fourth complex value, wherein the first complex value is used for a first group of data subcarriers in the first channel, the second complex value is used for a second group of data subcarriers in the first channel, the third complex value is used for a first group of data subcarriers in the second channel, the fourth complex value is used for a second group of data subcarriers in the second channel, wherein the first complex value is modulated based on each pair of bits included in first input encoded bits of a first spatial stream (SS), wherein the second complex value is modulated based on each pair of bits included in second input encoded bits of a second SS, wherein the third complex value is modulated based on each pair of bits included in the first input encoded bits of the first SS, wherein the fourth complex value is modulated based on each pair of bits included in the second input encoded bits of the second SS, wherein the first modulation symbol value is complex conjugate of the second modulation symbol value, to configure a physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) including the header field, the first modulation symbol value, and the second modulation symbol value, and to transmit the PPDU based on the first and second channels. 8. The station of claim 7, wherein the first and second channels are aggregated. 9. The station of claim 8, wherein the first channel is a primary 2.16 GHz or a primary 4.32 GHz, and the second channel is a secondary 2.16 GHz or a secondary 4.32 GHz. 10. The station of claim 7, wherein the PPDU is an Enhanced directional multi-gigabit (EDMG) PPDU. 11. The station of claim 7, wherein the DCM is applied based on a Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation. 12. The station of claim 7, wherein the first group of data sub carriers are contiguous to the second group of data subcarriers.
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337,928
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A stereoscopic light recycling device is provided. A beam splitter receives image light and is positioned at an angle to a source of the image light. A phase shifting optic is positioned at an angle non-perpendicular to the image light from the beam splitter. The phase shifting optic and the beam splitter are in optical alignment and the angle of the phase sifting optic is dependent on a surface of the phase shifting optic and a distance between the source of the image light and a screen on which the image light is projected.
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1. A stereoscopic light recycling device, comprising:
a beam splitter on which image light is received and positioned at an angle to a source of the image light; and a phase shifting optic positioned at an angle non-perpendicular to the image light from the beam splitter, wherein the phase shifting optic and the beam splitter are in optical alignment and the angle of the phase sifting optic is dependent on a surface of the phase shifting optic and a distance between the source of the image light and a screen on which the image light is projected. 2. A stereoscopic light recycling device according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the phase shifting optic is one of uniform and non-uniform. 3. A stereoscopic light recycling device according to claim 1, wherein the non-uniform surface of the phase shifting optic is configured via computer-ray tracing simulators. 4. A stereoscopic light recycling device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a chassis configured to house the beam splitter and phase shifting optic. 5. A stereoscopic light recycling device according to claim 4, wherein each of the beam splitter and phase shifting optic are directly affixed to the chassis or affixed to at least one support member within the chassis. 6. A stereoscopic light recycling device according to claim 1, wherein the phase shifting optic is selected based on a distance of the projector from the screen and a size of the screen. 7. A stereoscopic light recycling device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a modulator positioned between the beam splitter and phase shifting optic, and the screen. 8. A stereoscopic light recycling device according to claim 1, wherein a size of the phase shifting optic is dependent on a total light path distance from a focal lens point of the projector to the phase shifting optic and a desired minimum width/distance throw ratio. 9. A stereoscopic light recycling device according to claim 1, wherein a shape of the phase shifting optic surface is one of adjustable, static, or a combination of adjustable and static. 10. A stereoscopic light recycling device according to claim 1, further comprising:
one or more screws each inserted through at least a portion of the phase shifting optic at different locations. 11. A method for constructing a stereoscopic light recycling device, comprising:
positioning a beam splitter on which image light is received at an angle to a source of the image light; and placing a phase shifting optic at an angle non-perpendicular to the image light from the beam splitter, wherein the phase shifting optic and the beam splitter are in optical alignment and the angle of the phase sifting optic is dependent on a surface of the phase shifting optic and a distance between the source of the image light and a screen on which the image light is projected. 12. A method according to claim 11, wherein the surface of the phase shifting optic is one of uniform and non-uniform. 13. A method according to claim 11, wherein the non-uniform surface of the phase shifting optic is configured via computer-ray tracing simulators. 14. A method according to claim 11, further comprising:
housing the beam splitter and phase shifting optic within a chassis. 15. A method according to claim 14, wherein each of the beam splitter and phase shifting optic are directly affixed to the chassis or affixed to at least one support member within the chassis. 16. A method according to claim 11, wherein the phase shifting optic is selected based on a distance of the projector from the screen and a size of the screen. 17. A method according to claim 11, further comprising:
positioning a modulator between the beam splitter and phase shifting optic, and the screen. 18. A method according to claim 11, wherein a size of the phase shifting optic is dependent on a total light path distance from a focal lens point of the projector to the phase shifting optic and a desired minimum width/distance throw ratio. 19. A method according to claim 11, wherein a shape of the phase shifting optic surface is one of adjustable, static, or a combination of adjustable and static. 20. A method according to claim 11, further comprising:
inserting one or more screws through at least a portion of the phase shifting optic at different locations.
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A stereoscopic light recycling device is provided. A beam splitter receives image light and is positioned at an angle to a source of the image light. A phase shifting optic is positioned at an angle non-perpendicular to the image light from the beam splitter. The phase shifting optic and the beam splitter are in optical alignment and the angle of the phase sifting optic is dependent on a surface of the phase shifting optic and a distance between the source of the image light and a screen on which the image light is projected.1. A stereoscopic light recycling device, comprising:
a beam splitter on which image light is received and positioned at an angle to a source of the image light; and a phase shifting optic positioned at an angle non-perpendicular to the image light from the beam splitter, wherein the phase shifting optic and the beam splitter are in optical alignment and the angle of the phase sifting optic is dependent on a surface of the phase shifting optic and a distance between the source of the image light and a screen on which the image light is projected. 2. A stereoscopic light recycling device according to claim 1, wherein the surface of the phase shifting optic is one of uniform and non-uniform. 3. A stereoscopic light recycling device according to claim 1, wherein the non-uniform surface of the phase shifting optic is configured via computer-ray tracing simulators. 4. A stereoscopic light recycling device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a chassis configured to house the beam splitter and phase shifting optic. 5. A stereoscopic light recycling device according to claim 4, wherein each of the beam splitter and phase shifting optic are directly affixed to the chassis or affixed to at least one support member within the chassis. 6. A stereoscopic light recycling device according to claim 1, wherein the phase shifting optic is selected based on a distance of the projector from the screen and a size of the screen. 7. A stereoscopic light recycling device according to claim 1, further comprising:
a modulator positioned between the beam splitter and phase shifting optic, and the screen. 8. A stereoscopic light recycling device according to claim 1, wherein a size of the phase shifting optic is dependent on a total light path distance from a focal lens point of the projector to the phase shifting optic and a desired minimum width/distance throw ratio. 9. A stereoscopic light recycling device according to claim 1, wherein a shape of the phase shifting optic surface is one of adjustable, static, or a combination of adjustable and static. 10. A stereoscopic light recycling device according to claim 1, further comprising:
one or more screws each inserted through at least a portion of the phase shifting optic at different locations. 11. A method for constructing a stereoscopic light recycling device, comprising:
positioning a beam splitter on which image light is received at an angle to a source of the image light; and placing a phase shifting optic at an angle non-perpendicular to the image light from the beam splitter, wherein the phase shifting optic and the beam splitter are in optical alignment and the angle of the phase sifting optic is dependent on a surface of the phase shifting optic and a distance between the source of the image light and a screen on which the image light is projected. 12. A method according to claim 11, wherein the surface of the phase shifting optic is one of uniform and non-uniform. 13. A method according to claim 11, wherein the non-uniform surface of the phase shifting optic is configured via computer-ray tracing simulators. 14. A method according to claim 11, further comprising:
housing the beam splitter and phase shifting optic within a chassis. 15. A method according to claim 14, wherein each of the beam splitter and phase shifting optic are directly affixed to the chassis or affixed to at least one support member within the chassis. 16. A method according to claim 11, wherein the phase shifting optic is selected based on a distance of the projector from the screen and a size of the screen. 17. A method according to claim 11, further comprising:
positioning a modulator between the beam splitter and phase shifting optic, and the screen. 18. A method according to claim 11, wherein a size of the phase shifting optic is dependent on a total light path distance from a focal lens point of the projector to the phase shifting optic and a desired minimum width/distance throw ratio. 19. A method according to claim 11, wherein a shape of the phase shifting optic surface is one of adjustable, static, or a combination of adjustable and static. 20. A method according to claim 11, further comprising:
inserting one or more screws through at least a portion of the phase shifting optic at different locations.
| 2,400
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337,929
| 16,799,562
| 2,456
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A gripping mechanism includes a holder, a gripping roller, and a lever. The gripping roller is housed within the holder and grips an object between the roller and an inner surface of the holder. The lever releases gripping of the object by pushing the gripping roller upward. Preferably, the holder includes two plate sections which support a weight of the gripping roller. An opening is located between the two plate sections. The opening receives insertion of the object. One of the two plate sections is inclined relative to a vertical direction.
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1. A gripping mechanism comprising:
a frame; a roller housed within the frame and configured to grip an object between the roller and an inner surface of the frame; and a lever configured to release gripping of the object by pushing the roller upward. 2. The gripping mechanism according to claim 1, wherein
the frame has two plate sections which support a weight of the roller, an opening is located between the two plate sections, the opening receiving insertion of the object, and one of the two plate sections is inclined relative to a vertical direction. 3. The gripping mechanism according to claim 1, further comprising
a magnet fixed to the frame, wherein the magnet draws the lever such that the lever keeps pushing the roller upward. 4. The gripping mechanism according to claim 1, wherein
the frame and the lever include a support mechanism which supports the lever so as to freely move up and down relative to the frame. 5. An assembly apparatus for assembling a first member and a second member, the assembly apparatus comprising:
a gripping mechanism configured to grip the first member; and a drive mechanism configured to drive the gripping mechanism, wherein the gripping mechanism includes:
a frame; and
a roller housed within the frame, the roller gripping the first member between the roller and an inner surface of the frame,
the drive mechanism moves the gripping mechanism relative to the first member such that the first member is gripped by the gripping mechanism, the drive mechanism moves the first member gripped by the gripping mechanism relative to the second member such that the first member and the second member are assembled, and the gripping mechanism further includes a lever which releases gripping of the first member by pushing the roller upward. 6. The assembly apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the frame includes two plate members which support a weight of the roller, an opening is located between the two plate sections, the opening receiving insertion of the first member, and one of the two plate sections is inclined relative to a vertical direction. 7. The assembly apparatus according to claim 5, wherein,
the lever is pushed upward by a protrusion provided on the second member so as to release the gripping of the first member. 8. The assembly apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the gripping mechanism further includes a magnet fixed to the frame, and the magnet draws the lever such that the lever keeps pushing the roller upward. 9. The assembly apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising
a release mechanism configured to push the lever downward so as to release drawing of the lever by the magnet.
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A gripping mechanism includes a holder, a gripping roller, and a lever. The gripping roller is housed within the holder and grips an object between the roller and an inner surface of the holder. The lever releases gripping of the object by pushing the gripping roller upward. Preferably, the holder includes two plate sections which support a weight of the gripping roller. An opening is located between the two plate sections. The opening receives insertion of the object. One of the two plate sections is inclined relative to a vertical direction.1. A gripping mechanism comprising:
a frame; a roller housed within the frame and configured to grip an object between the roller and an inner surface of the frame; and a lever configured to release gripping of the object by pushing the roller upward. 2. The gripping mechanism according to claim 1, wherein
the frame has two plate sections which support a weight of the roller, an opening is located between the two plate sections, the opening receiving insertion of the object, and one of the two plate sections is inclined relative to a vertical direction. 3. The gripping mechanism according to claim 1, further comprising
a magnet fixed to the frame, wherein the magnet draws the lever such that the lever keeps pushing the roller upward. 4. The gripping mechanism according to claim 1, wherein
the frame and the lever include a support mechanism which supports the lever so as to freely move up and down relative to the frame. 5. An assembly apparatus for assembling a first member and a second member, the assembly apparatus comprising:
a gripping mechanism configured to grip the first member; and a drive mechanism configured to drive the gripping mechanism, wherein the gripping mechanism includes:
a frame; and
a roller housed within the frame, the roller gripping the first member between the roller and an inner surface of the frame,
the drive mechanism moves the gripping mechanism relative to the first member such that the first member is gripped by the gripping mechanism, the drive mechanism moves the first member gripped by the gripping mechanism relative to the second member such that the first member and the second member are assembled, and the gripping mechanism further includes a lever which releases gripping of the first member by pushing the roller upward. 6. The assembly apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the frame includes two plate members which support a weight of the roller, an opening is located between the two plate sections, the opening receiving insertion of the first member, and one of the two plate sections is inclined relative to a vertical direction. 7. The assembly apparatus according to claim 5, wherein,
the lever is pushed upward by a protrusion provided on the second member so as to release the gripping of the first member. 8. The assembly apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the gripping mechanism further includes a magnet fixed to the frame, and the magnet draws the lever such that the lever keeps pushing the roller upward. 9. The assembly apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising
a release mechanism configured to push the lever downward so as to release drawing of the lever by the magnet.
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337,930
| 16,799,585
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A backlit display system includes a display framework and a display fabric. The display frame has an inner perimeter defining a central open space. The display fabric has mutually distinct back and image-display panels supported by the display frame such that at least a portion of the central open space is situated between the back and image-display panels. Removably supported by the display frame within the central open space is an illumination panel fabricated from a flexible material and having opposed rear-facing and front-facing surfaces. The illumination panel supports a plurality of light-emitting elements such that, when selectively energized, the light-emitting elements emit light in a direction from the front-facing surface of the illumination panel toward the image-display panel of the display fabric through which the light passes to illuminate an image defined on the image-display panel. The flexible illumination panel can be rolled or folded for storage or transport.
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1. A backlit display system comprising:
a display framework having frame front and rear sides and an outer perimeter and inner perimeter, the inner perimeter defining a central open space; a display fabric having mutually distinct back and image-display panels, the display fabric being removably supported by and about the display framework such that (i) the back panel is adjacent and rearward of the frame rear side, (ii) the image-display panel is adjacent and forward of the frame front side, and (iii) at least a portion of the central open space is situated between the back and image-display panels; an illumination panel fabricated from a flexible, tear-resistant material and having opposed rear-facing and front-facing surfaces, the illumination panel being removably supported by the display framework between the back and image-display panels of the display fabric such that (a) the front-facing surface faces forwardly toward the image-display panel of the display fabric and (b) the rear-facing surface faces rearwardly toward the back panel of the display fabric; and a plurality of light-emitting elements carried by the illumination panel such that, when selectively energized, the light-emitting elements emit light from the front-facing surface of the illumination panel toward the image-display panel of the display fabric, wherein
(i) the image-display panel has an inside surface facing the central open space and an outside surface facing forwardly of the display framework;
(ii) the front-facing surface of the illumination panel is at least partially reflective; and
(iii) the image-display panel is at least partially light-permeable such that a portion of the light that is emitted from the light-emitting elements impinges upon the inside surface of the image-display panel and exists through the outside surface of the image-display panel, thereby illuminating an image defined by the image-display panel. 2. The backlit display system of claim 1 wherein the light-emitting elements are arranged along the front-facing surface of the illumination panel in a manner defining an illumination array. 3. The backlit display system of claim 2 wherein
(a) the illumination panel includes an illumination panel periphery defined by a first set of mutually opposed edges designated as lateral edges and a second set of mutually opposed edges extending between the lateral edges and designated as top and bottom edges; and
(b) the illumination array defines at least in part a plurality of lighting-element rows that are mutually spaced apart and parallel, each lighting-element row including at least two lighting-emitting elements and having a lengthwise extent extending between the lateral edges of the illumination panel. 4. The backlit display system of claim 3 wherein
(i) the light-emitting elements of each lighting-element row are carried by a lighting-element bar that is rigid relative to the illumination panel; and
(ii) the lighting-element bars are affixed to the illumination panel in a mutually parallel configuration. 5. The backlit display system of claim 1 wherein the display fabric comprises tension fabric sized and configured relative to the display framework such that, when the display fabric is supported by the display framework in a display-operative mode, at least the image-display panel is taut. 6. The backlit display system of claim 5 wherein the image-display and back-lighting panels are mutually joined along peripheries of each so as to define a slip-cover having an opening through which the display framework can be introduced, thereby permitting a user to slip the display fabric over the display framework to render the backlit display system operatively assembled. 7. An illumination panel for use in conjunction with a backlit display system and comprising:
a substrate of flexible, tear-resistant material having opposed rear-facing and front-facing surfaces; and a plurality of light-emitting elements carried by the illumination panel such that, when selectively energized, the light-emitting elements emit light from the front-facing surface of the illumination panel, wherein at least one of (i) the front-facing surface of the illumination panel is at least partially reflective; and (ii) the substrate is opaque. 8. The illumination panel of claim 7 wherein the light-emitting elements are arranged along the front-facing surface in a manner defining an illumination array. 9. The illumination panel of claim 8 wherein
(a) the illumination panel includes an illumination panel periphery defined by a first set of mutually opposed edges designated as lateral edges and a second set of mutually opposed edges extending between the lateral edges and designated as top and bottom edges; and
(b) the illumination array defines at least in part a plurality of lighting-element rows that are mutually spaced apart and parallel, each lighting-element row including at least two lighting-emitting elements and having a lengthwise extent extending between the lateral edges of the illumination panel. 10. The illumination panel of claim 9 wherein
(i) the light-emitting elements of each lighting-element row are carried by a lighting-element bar that is rigid relative to the illumination panel; and
(ii) the lighting-element bars are affixed to the illumination panel in a mutually parallel configuration. 11. The illumination panel of claim 8 wherein
(a) the illumination array defines a plurality of lighting-element rows that are mutually spaced apart and parallel, each lighting-element row including at least two lighting-emitting elements;
(b) the light-emitting elements of each lighting-element row are carried by a lighting-element bar that is rigid relative to the illumination panel; and
(c) the lighting-element bars are affixed to the illumination panel in a mutually parallel configuration. 12. A backlit display system comprising:
a display framework having an inner perimeter defining a central open space; a display fabric having mutually distinct back and image-display panels supported by and about the display framework such that at least a portion of the central open space is situated between the back and image-display panels; and a flexible illumination panel having opposed rear-facing and front-facing surfaces, the illumination panel (i) being removably supported by the display framework between the back and image-display panels of the display fabric and (ii) carrying a plurality of light-emitting such that, when selectively energized, the light-emitting elements emit light in a direction from the front-facing surface of the illumination panel toward the image-display panel of the display fabric, thereby illuminating an image defined by the image-display panel.
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A backlit display system includes a display framework and a display fabric. The display frame has an inner perimeter defining a central open space. The display fabric has mutually distinct back and image-display panels supported by the display frame such that at least a portion of the central open space is situated between the back and image-display panels. Removably supported by the display frame within the central open space is an illumination panel fabricated from a flexible material and having opposed rear-facing and front-facing surfaces. The illumination panel supports a plurality of light-emitting elements such that, when selectively energized, the light-emitting elements emit light in a direction from the front-facing surface of the illumination panel toward the image-display panel of the display fabric through which the light passes to illuminate an image defined on the image-display panel. The flexible illumination panel can be rolled or folded for storage or transport.1. A backlit display system comprising:
a display framework having frame front and rear sides and an outer perimeter and inner perimeter, the inner perimeter defining a central open space; a display fabric having mutually distinct back and image-display panels, the display fabric being removably supported by and about the display framework such that (i) the back panel is adjacent and rearward of the frame rear side, (ii) the image-display panel is adjacent and forward of the frame front side, and (iii) at least a portion of the central open space is situated between the back and image-display panels; an illumination panel fabricated from a flexible, tear-resistant material and having opposed rear-facing and front-facing surfaces, the illumination panel being removably supported by the display framework between the back and image-display panels of the display fabric such that (a) the front-facing surface faces forwardly toward the image-display panel of the display fabric and (b) the rear-facing surface faces rearwardly toward the back panel of the display fabric; and a plurality of light-emitting elements carried by the illumination panel such that, when selectively energized, the light-emitting elements emit light from the front-facing surface of the illumination panel toward the image-display panel of the display fabric, wherein
(i) the image-display panel has an inside surface facing the central open space and an outside surface facing forwardly of the display framework;
(ii) the front-facing surface of the illumination panel is at least partially reflective; and
(iii) the image-display panel is at least partially light-permeable such that a portion of the light that is emitted from the light-emitting elements impinges upon the inside surface of the image-display panel and exists through the outside surface of the image-display panel, thereby illuminating an image defined by the image-display panel. 2. The backlit display system of claim 1 wherein the light-emitting elements are arranged along the front-facing surface of the illumination panel in a manner defining an illumination array. 3. The backlit display system of claim 2 wherein
(a) the illumination panel includes an illumination panel periphery defined by a first set of mutually opposed edges designated as lateral edges and a second set of mutually opposed edges extending between the lateral edges and designated as top and bottom edges; and
(b) the illumination array defines at least in part a plurality of lighting-element rows that are mutually spaced apart and parallel, each lighting-element row including at least two lighting-emitting elements and having a lengthwise extent extending between the lateral edges of the illumination panel. 4. The backlit display system of claim 3 wherein
(i) the light-emitting elements of each lighting-element row are carried by a lighting-element bar that is rigid relative to the illumination panel; and
(ii) the lighting-element bars are affixed to the illumination panel in a mutually parallel configuration. 5. The backlit display system of claim 1 wherein the display fabric comprises tension fabric sized and configured relative to the display framework such that, when the display fabric is supported by the display framework in a display-operative mode, at least the image-display panel is taut. 6. The backlit display system of claim 5 wherein the image-display and back-lighting panels are mutually joined along peripheries of each so as to define a slip-cover having an opening through which the display framework can be introduced, thereby permitting a user to slip the display fabric over the display framework to render the backlit display system operatively assembled. 7. An illumination panel for use in conjunction with a backlit display system and comprising:
a substrate of flexible, tear-resistant material having opposed rear-facing and front-facing surfaces; and a plurality of light-emitting elements carried by the illumination panel such that, when selectively energized, the light-emitting elements emit light from the front-facing surface of the illumination panel, wherein at least one of (i) the front-facing surface of the illumination panel is at least partially reflective; and (ii) the substrate is opaque. 8. The illumination panel of claim 7 wherein the light-emitting elements are arranged along the front-facing surface in a manner defining an illumination array. 9. The illumination panel of claim 8 wherein
(a) the illumination panel includes an illumination panel periphery defined by a first set of mutually opposed edges designated as lateral edges and a second set of mutually opposed edges extending between the lateral edges and designated as top and bottom edges; and
(b) the illumination array defines at least in part a plurality of lighting-element rows that are mutually spaced apart and parallel, each lighting-element row including at least two lighting-emitting elements and having a lengthwise extent extending between the lateral edges of the illumination panel. 10. The illumination panel of claim 9 wherein
(i) the light-emitting elements of each lighting-element row are carried by a lighting-element bar that is rigid relative to the illumination panel; and
(ii) the lighting-element bars are affixed to the illumination panel in a mutually parallel configuration. 11. The illumination panel of claim 8 wherein
(a) the illumination array defines a plurality of lighting-element rows that are mutually spaced apart and parallel, each lighting-element row including at least two lighting-emitting elements;
(b) the light-emitting elements of each lighting-element row are carried by a lighting-element bar that is rigid relative to the illumination panel; and
(c) the lighting-element bars are affixed to the illumination panel in a mutually parallel configuration. 12. A backlit display system comprising:
a display framework having an inner perimeter defining a central open space; a display fabric having mutually distinct back and image-display panels supported by and about the display framework such that at least a portion of the central open space is situated between the back and image-display panels; and a flexible illumination panel having opposed rear-facing and front-facing surfaces, the illumination panel (i) being removably supported by the display framework between the back and image-display panels of the display fabric and (ii) carrying a plurality of light-emitting such that, when selectively energized, the light-emitting elements emit light in a direction from the front-facing surface of the illumination panel toward the image-display panel of the display fabric, thereby illuminating an image defined by the image-display panel.
| 3,600
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337,931
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A display device according to an exemplary embodiment includes: a display panel including a display area which includes at least one non-quadrangle edge and a plurality of pixels; and a signal controller applying spatial-temporal division processing to an image signal corresponding to a first pixel which is not included in the non-quadrangle edge and bypassing the spatial-temporal division processing to an image signal corresponding to a second pixel which is included in the non-quadrangle edge.
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1. A display device comprising:
a display panel including a display area which includes at least one non-quadrangle edge and a plurality of pixels; and a signal controller configured to apply spatial-temporal division processing to an image signal corresponding to a first pixel which is not included in the non-quadrangle edge and bypass the spatial-temporal division processing to an image signal corresponding to a second pixel which is included in the non-quadrangle edge. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the signal controller divides the image signal corresponding to the second pixel into gray data of sub-pixels configuring the second pixel. 3. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the signal controller generates image data of a third pixel which is disposed adjacent to the second pixel by bypassing the spatial-temporal division processing of an image signal corresponding to a third pixel. 4. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the signal controller applies the spatial-temporal division processing by using a first weight value for the image signal corresponding to the first pixel and applies the spatial-temporal division processing by using a second weight value for an image signal corresponding to a third pixel adjacent to the second pixel among the plurality of pixels, and the second weight value is smaller than the first weight value. 5. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the signal controller bypasses the spatial-temporal division processing corresponding to the second pixel when an aperture ratio difference of the sub-pixels configuring the second pixel is a predetermined threshold value or more and applies the spatial-temporal division processing to an image signal corresponding to a fourth pixel when the aperture ratio difference between the sub-pixels configuring the fourth pixel is smaller than the threshold value. 6. The display device of claim 5, wherein
a first angle formed between a reference line which is a connection line connecting a virtual center point and the non-quadrangle edge and a connection line connecting the second pixel and the virtual center point and a second angle formed between the reference line and a connection connecting the fourth pixel and the virtual center point are different from each other. 7. A display device comprising:
a signal controller; a gate driver; a data driver; and a plurality of pixels connected to the gate driver and the data driver, the plurality of pixels including:
a plurality of edge pixels disposed at an edge region included in a non-quadrangle edge of a display area; and
a plurality of center pixels disposed at a location that is not included in the non-quadrangle edge on the display area,
wherein the signal controller configured to apply at least one among a temporal division driving, a spatial division driving, and a spatial-temporal division driving to an image signal corresponding to the plurality of center pixels and configured not to apply the temporal division driving, the spatial division driving, and the spatial-temporal division driving to an image signal corresponding to the plurality of edge pixel. 8. The display device of claim 7, wherein
the signal controller configured to divide an input image signal into first to third gray data, apply spatial-temporal division processing for the first to third gray data to generate first to third correction gray data when the first to third gray data correspond to one among the plurality of center pixels, and bypass the spatial-temporal division processing for the first to third gray data when the first to third gray data correspond to one among the plurality of edge pixels. 9. The display device of claim 8, wherein
the signal controller arranges the bypass-processed first to third gray data and the first to third correction gray data depending on the location of the plurality of edge pixels and the plurality of center pixels. 10. The display device of claim 8, wherein
the signal controller includes: an RGB classifier configured to receive information for a location of the plurality of pixels and determine whether or not applying the spatial-temporal division processing for the first to third gray data based on the information; and a demultiflexer to receive the first to third gray data of the plurality of center pixels from the RGB classifier and select a spatial-temporal division processing path respectively corresponding to the received first to third gray data, and generates the first to third correction gray data through the path selected by the demultiflexer. 11. The display device of claim 10, wherein
the signal controller further includes: a first gamma controller configured to multiply a weight value corresponding to the received first to third gray data to the first to third gray data received from the demultiflexer to generate compensation gray data and add the compensation gray data to the received first to third gray data to generate correction gray data; and a second gamma controller configured to multiply a weight value corresponding to the received first to third gray data to the first to third gray data received from the demultiflexer to generate compensation gray data and subtract the compensation gray data from the received first to third gray data to generate correction gray data. 12. The display device of claim 11, wherein
the signal controller further includes a generator generating image data, and the demultiflexer receives the first to third gray data from the RGB classifier, the generator receives at least one among the first to third correction gray data from the first gamma controller, receives the rest among the first to third correction gray data from the second gamma controller, and generates the image data according to the location of the plurality of edge pixels based on the received first to third correction gray data. 13. The display device of claim 8, wherein
the signal controller bypasses the first to third gray data corresponding to the plurality of center pixels to a generator which generates image data when the location of the plurality of center pixels among the plurality of pixels is disposed adjacent to one among the plurality of edge pixels. 14. The display device of claim 8, wherein
the signal controller applies spatial-temporal division processing by using a first weight value for the first to third gray data corresponding to pixels not adjacent to the plurality of edge pixels among the plurality of pixels, and applies the spatial-temporal division processing by using a second weight value for the first to third gray data corresponding to a third pixel adjacent to an edge pixel among the plurality of pixels, and the second weight value is smaller than the first weight value. 15. The display device of claim 8, wherein
the signal controller bypass-processes the first to third gray data corresponding to a first edge pixel when an aperture ratio difference between sub-pixels configuring the first edge pixel among the plurality of edge pixels is a predetermined threshold value or more, and applies the spatial-temporal division processing for the first to third gray data corresponding to a second edge pixel when the aperture ratio difference between the sub-pixels configuring the second edge pixel among the plurality of edge pixels is smaller than the threshold value. 16. The display device of claim 15, wherein
a first angle formed between a reference line which is a connection line connecting a virtual center point and the non-quadrangle edge and a connection line connecting the second pixel and the virtual center point and a second angle formed between the reference line and a connection line connecting the fourth pixel and the virtual center point are different from each other. 17. A method for driving a display device comprising:
determining a location of a pixel corresponding to an input image signal; setting a first weight value for spatial-temporal division processing for gray data corresponding to a first pixel when the location of the first pixel is not included in the edge region; generating first compensation gray data based on the predetermined first weight value and the gray data corresponding to the first pixel and generating image data based on the gray data corresponding to the first pixel and the first compensation gray data; and bypassing the spatial-temporal division processing for the gray data of a second pixel when a location of the second pixel is included in the edge region. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising
bypassing the spatial-temporal division processing for the gray data corresponding to a third pixel when a location of the third pixel is adjacent to the second pixel. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising
setting a second weight value for spatial-temporal division processing for the gray data corresponding to a third pixel when a location of the third pixel is adjacent to the second pixel, and the second weight value is smaller than the first weight value. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
comparing an aperture ratio difference between sub-pixels configuring the second pixel with a predetermined threshold value; bypassing the gray data corresponding to the second pixel when the aperture ratio difference is the predetermined threshold value or more; and applying spatial-temporal division processing for the gray data corresponding to the second pixel when the aperture ratio difference is smaller than the threshold value. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein
the aperture ratio difference is changed depending on an angle between a reference line which is a connection line connecting a virtual center point and a non-quadrangle edge and a line connecting the virtual center point and the second pixel.
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A display device according to an exemplary embodiment includes: a display panel including a display area which includes at least one non-quadrangle edge and a plurality of pixels; and a signal controller applying spatial-temporal division processing to an image signal corresponding to a first pixel which is not included in the non-quadrangle edge and bypassing the spatial-temporal division processing to an image signal corresponding to a second pixel which is included in the non-quadrangle edge.1. A display device comprising:
a display panel including a display area which includes at least one non-quadrangle edge and a plurality of pixels; and a signal controller configured to apply spatial-temporal division processing to an image signal corresponding to a first pixel which is not included in the non-quadrangle edge and bypass the spatial-temporal division processing to an image signal corresponding to a second pixel which is included in the non-quadrangle edge. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the signal controller divides the image signal corresponding to the second pixel into gray data of sub-pixels configuring the second pixel. 3. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the signal controller generates image data of a third pixel which is disposed adjacent to the second pixel by bypassing the spatial-temporal division processing of an image signal corresponding to a third pixel. 4. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the signal controller applies the spatial-temporal division processing by using a first weight value for the image signal corresponding to the first pixel and applies the spatial-temporal division processing by using a second weight value for an image signal corresponding to a third pixel adjacent to the second pixel among the plurality of pixels, and the second weight value is smaller than the first weight value. 5. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the signal controller bypasses the spatial-temporal division processing corresponding to the second pixel when an aperture ratio difference of the sub-pixels configuring the second pixel is a predetermined threshold value or more and applies the spatial-temporal division processing to an image signal corresponding to a fourth pixel when the aperture ratio difference between the sub-pixels configuring the fourth pixel is smaller than the threshold value. 6. The display device of claim 5, wherein
a first angle formed between a reference line which is a connection line connecting a virtual center point and the non-quadrangle edge and a connection line connecting the second pixel and the virtual center point and a second angle formed between the reference line and a connection connecting the fourth pixel and the virtual center point are different from each other. 7. A display device comprising:
a signal controller; a gate driver; a data driver; and a plurality of pixels connected to the gate driver and the data driver, the plurality of pixels including:
a plurality of edge pixels disposed at an edge region included in a non-quadrangle edge of a display area; and
a plurality of center pixels disposed at a location that is not included in the non-quadrangle edge on the display area,
wherein the signal controller configured to apply at least one among a temporal division driving, a spatial division driving, and a spatial-temporal division driving to an image signal corresponding to the plurality of center pixels and configured not to apply the temporal division driving, the spatial division driving, and the spatial-temporal division driving to an image signal corresponding to the plurality of edge pixel. 8. The display device of claim 7, wherein
the signal controller configured to divide an input image signal into first to third gray data, apply spatial-temporal division processing for the first to third gray data to generate first to third correction gray data when the first to third gray data correspond to one among the plurality of center pixels, and bypass the spatial-temporal division processing for the first to third gray data when the first to third gray data correspond to one among the plurality of edge pixels. 9. The display device of claim 8, wherein
the signal controller arranges the bypass-processed first to third gray data and the first to third correction gray data depending on the location of the plurality of edge pixels and the plurality of center pixels. 10. The display device of claim 8, wherein
the signal controller includes: an RGB classifier configured to receive information for a location of the plurality of pixels and determine whether or not applying the spatial-temporal division processing for the first to third gray data based on the information; and a demultiflexer to receive the first to third gray data of the plurality of center pixels from the RGB classifier and select a spatial-temporal division processing path respectively corresponding to the received first to third gray data, and generates the first to third correction gray data through the path selected by the demultiflexer. 11. The display device of claim 10, wherein
the signal controller further includes: a first gamma controller configured to multiply a weight value corresponding to the received first to third gray data to the first to third gray data received from the demultiflexer to generate compensation gray data and add the compensation gray data to the received first to third gray data to generate correction gray data; and a second gamma controller configured to multiply a weight value corresponding to the received first to third gray data to the first to third gray data received from the demultiflexer to generate compensation gray data and subtract the compensation gray data from the received first to third gray data to generate correction gray data. 12. The display device of claim 11, wherein
the signal controller further includes a generator generating image data, and the demultiflexer receives the first to third gray data from the RGB classifier, the generator receives at least one among the first to third correction gray data from the first gamma controller, receives the rest among the first to third correction gray data from the second gamma controller, and generates the image data according to the location of the plurality of edge pixels based on the received first to third correction gray data. 13. The display device of claim 8, wherein
the signal controller bypasses the first to third gray data corresponding to the plurality of center pixels to a generator which generates image data when the location of the plurality of center pixels among the plurality of pixels is disposed adjacent to one among the plurality of edge pixels. 14. The display device of claim 8, wherein
the signal controller applies spatial-temporal division processing by using a first weight value for the first to third gray data corresponding to pixels not adjacent to the plurality of edge pixels among the plurality of pixels, and applies the spatial-temporal division processing by using a second weight value for the first to third gray data corresponding to a third pixel adjacent to an edge pixel among the plurality of pixels, and the second weight value is smaller than the first weight value. 15. The display device of claim 8, wherein
the signal controller bypass-processes the first to third gray data corresponding to a first edge pixel when an aperture ratio difference between sub-pixels configuring the first edge pixel among the plurality of edge pixels is a predetermined threshold value or more, and applies the spatial-temporal division processing for the first to third gray data corresponding to a second edge pixel when the aperture ratio difference between the sub-pixels configuring the second edge pixel among the plurality of edge pixels is smaller than the threshold value. 16. The display device of claim 15, wherein
a first angle formed between a reference line which is a connection line connecting a virtual center point and the non-quadrangle edge and a connection line connecting the second pixel and the virtual center point and a second angle formed between the reference line and a connection line connecting the fourth pixel and the virtual center point are different from each other. 17. A method for driving a display device comprising:
determining a location of a pixel corresponding to an input image signal; setting a first weight value for spatial-temporal division processing for gray data corresponding to a first pixel when the location of the first pixel is not included in the edge region; generating first compensation gray data based on the predetermined first weight value and the gray data corresponding to the first pixel and generating image data based on the gray data corresponding to the first pixel and the first compensation gray data; and bypassing the spatial-temporal division processing for the gray data of a second pixel when a location of the second pixel is included in the edge region. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising
bypassing the spatial-temporal division processing for the gray data corresponding to a third pixel when a location of the third pixel is adjacent to the second pixel. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising
setting a second weight value for spatial-temporal division processing for the gray data corresponding to a third pixel when a location of the third pixel is adjacent to the second pixel, and the second weight value is smaller than the first weight value. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
comparing an aperture ratio difference between sub-pixels configuring the second pixel with a predetermined threshold value; bypassing the gray data corresponding to the second pixel when the aperture ratio difference is the predetermined threshold value or more; and applying spatial-temporal division processing for the gray data corresponding to the second pixel when the aperture ratio difference is smaller than the threshold value. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein
the aperture ratio difference is changed depending on an angle between a reference line which is a connection line connecting a virtual center point and a non-quadrangle edge and a line connecting the virtual center point and the second pixel.
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Disclosed herein are techniques for fabricating straight or slanted variable-etch-depth gratings. A photoresist material for fabricating a variable-etch-depth grating in a substrate is sensitive to light with a wavelength shorter than 300 nm and has an etch rate comparable to the etch rate of the substrate. A depth of an exposed portion of a photoresist material layer including the photoresist material correlates with the exposure dose. After exposure using a gray-scale mask and development, the photoresist material layer has a non-uniform thickness. The photoresist material layer with the non-uniform thickness and the underlying substrate are etched using a straight etching or slanted etching process to form the straight or slanted variable-etch-depth grating in the substrate. The variable-etch-depth grating is characterized by a non-uniform depth profile corresponding to the non-uniform thickness of the photoresist material layer before etching.
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1. A method comprising:
forming a patterned etch mask on a substrate; depositing a photoresist material layer on the patterned etch mask, the photoresist material layer sensitive to ultra-violet (UV) light; exposing the photoresist material layer to UV light through a variable transparency photomask; developing the photoresist material layer exposed to the UV light to form a patterned photoresist layer having a non-uniform thickness; etching the patterned photoresist layer and the substrate to obtain a grating having a non-uniform etch depth in the substrate, wherein the patterned photoresist layer is characterized by an etch rate comparable to an etch rate of the substrate; and removing the patterned photoresist layer and the patterned etch mask from the substrate. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising at least one of:
depositing, before depositing the photoresist material layer, a first anti-reflective coating layer on the patterned etch mask, or depositing, after depositing the photoresist material layer, a second anti-reflective coating layer on the photoresist material layer. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein etching the patterned photoresist layer and the substrate comprises:
etching the patterned photoresist layer and the substrate at a slant angle greater than 10° with respect to a surface normal of the substrate. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the slant angle is between 30° and 70°. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the photoresist material layer is sensitive to light having a wavelength shorter than 300 nm, 250 nm, 193 nm, or 157 nm. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the etch rate of the patterned photoresist layer is between 0.5 and 5 times of the etch rate of the substrate in a same etching process. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the photoresist material layer is characterized by a linear response to UV light dose such that a depth of an exposed portion of the photoresist material layer is a linear function of the UV light dose. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the photoresist material layer includes a positive-tone photoresist. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the photoresist material layer includes Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sensitized with a photosensitive group. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the photosensitive group includes at least one of:
an acyloximino group; methacrylonitrile; terpolymer of methyl methacrylate; oximino methacrylate; benzoic acids; N-acetylcarbazole; or indenone. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the photoresist material layer includes at least one of:
poly(methyl methacrylate)-r-poly(tert-butyl methacrylate)-r-poly(methyl methacrylate) and a photo acid generator; poly(methyl methacrylate)-r-poly(methacrylic acid); poly(α-methylstyrene-co-methyl chloroacrylate) and an acid generator; polycarbonate and a photo acid or base generator; polylactide and a photo acid or base generator; or polyphthalaldehyde and a photo acid generator. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-uniform etch depth in the substrate includes at least 8 different depth levels. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein a maximum depth of the non-uniform etch depth in the substrate is greater than 100 nm. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein etching the patterned photoresist layer and the substrate includes etching the patterned photoresist layer and the substrate using at least one of:
an oxygen source including O2, N2O, CO2, or CO; a nitrogen source including N2, N2O, or NH3; or ions with an energy between 100-500 eV. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the variable transparency photomask includes a gray-scale photomask. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the gray-scale photomask includes at least 8 different transmissivity levels. 17. A slanted surface-relief structure for waveguide display, the slanted surface-relief structure comprising:
a substrate; and a slanted surface-relief optical grating in the substrate, the slanted surface-relief optical grating including a plurality of grating ridges and a plurality of grating grooves, each of the plurality of grating grooves characterized by a corresponding depth, wherein depths of the plurality of grating grooves include at least 8 different depth levels; and wherein a slant angle of at least one grating ridge in the plurality of grating ridges is greater than 30° with respect to a surface normal of the substrate. 18. The slanted surface-relief structure of claim 17, wherein the depths of the plurality of grating grooves range from 0 nm to greater than 100 nm. 19. The slanted surface-relief structure of claim 17, wherein depths of the plurality of grating grooves vary in one or two directions across the slanted surface-relief optical grating according to a predetermined profile. 20. The slanted surface-relief structure of claim 17, wherein the slanted surface-relief optical grating has different grating duty cycles at different regions of the slanted surface-relief optical grating. 21. The slanted surface-relief structure of claim 20, wherein the slanted surface-relief optical grating is characterized by a duty cycle greater than 70%. 22. The slanted surface-relief structure of claim 20, wherein the slanted surface-relief optical grating is characterized by a duty cycle less than 30%. 23. The slanted surface-relief structure of claim 17, wherein the slanted surface-relief optical grating has different grating periods at different regions of the slanted surface-relief optical grating. 24. A photoresist material for fabricating a variable-etch-depth grating, wherein:
the photoresist material is sensitive to light with a wavelength shorter than 300 nm; the photoresist material is characterized by an etch rate that is between 0.5 and 5 times of an etch rate of a substrate; and the photoresist material is characterized by a linear response to UV light dose such that a depth of an exposed portion of the photoresist material is a linear function of the UV light dose. 25. The photoresist material of claim 24, wherein the photoresist material includes at least one of:
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sensitized with a photosensitive group; poly(methyl methacrylate)-r-poly(tert-butyl methacrylate)-r-poly(methyl methacrylate) and a photo acid generator; poly(methyl methacrylate)-r-poly(methacrylic acid); poly(α-methylstyrene-co-methyl chloroacrylate) and an acid generator; polycarbonate and a photo acid or base generator; polylactide and a photo acid or base generator; or polyphthalaldehyde and a photo acid generator.
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Disclosed herein are techniques for fabricating straight or slanted variable-etch-depth gratings. A photoresist material for fabricating a variable-etch-depth grating in a substrate is sensitive to light with a wavelength shorter than 300 nm and has an etch rate comparable to the etch rate of the substrate. A depth of an exposed portion of a photoresist material layer including the photoresist material correlates with the exposure dose. After exposure using a gray-scale mask and development, the photoresist material layer has a non-uniform thickness. The photoresist material layer with the non-uniform thickness and the underlying substrate are etched using a straight etching or slanted etching process to form the straight or slanted variable-etch-depth grating in the substrate. The variable-etch-depth grating is characterized by a non-uniform depth profile corresponding to the non-uniform thickness of the photoresist material layer before etching.1. A method comprising:
forming a patterned etch mask on a substrate; depositing a photoresist material layer on the patterned etch mask, the photoresist material layer sensitive to ultra-violet (UV) light; exposing the photoresist material layer to UV light through a variable transparency photomask; developing the photoresist material layer exposed to the UV light to form a patterned photoresist layer having a non-uniform thickness; etching the patterned photoresist layer and the substrate to obtain a grating having a non-uniform etch depth in the substrate, wherein the patterned photoresist layer is characterized by an etch rate comparable to an etch rate of the substrate; and removing the patterned photoresist layer and the patterned etch mask from the substrate. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising at least one of:
depositing, before depositing the photoresist material layer, a first anti-reflective coating layer on the patterned etch mask, or depositing, after depositing the photoresist material layer, a second anti-reflective coating layer on the photoresist material layer. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein etching the patterned photoresist layer and the substrate comprises:
etching the patterned photoresist layer and the substrate at a slant angle greater than 10° with respect to a surface normal of the substrate. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the slant angle is between 30° and 70°. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the photoresist material layer is sensitive to light having a wavelength shorter than 300 nm, 250 nm, 193 nm, or 157 nm. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the etch rate of the patterned photoresist layer is between 0.5 and 5 times of the etch rate of the substrate in a same etching process. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the photoresist material layer is characterized by a linear response to UV light dose such that a depth of an exposed portion of the photoresist material layer is a linear function of the UV light dose. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the photoresist material layer includes a positive-tone photoresist. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the photoresist material layer includes Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sensitized with a photosensitive group. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the photosensitive group includes at least one of:
an acyloximino group; methacrylonitrile; terpolymer of methyl methacrylate; oximino methacrylate; benzoic acids; N-acetylcarbazole; or indenone. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the photoresist material layer includes at least one of:
poly(methyl methacrylate)-r-poly(tert-butyl methacrylate)-r-poly(methyl methacrylate) and a photo acid generator; poly(methyl methacrylate)-r-poly(methacrylic acid); poly(α-methylstyrene-co-methyl chloroacrylate) and an acid generator; polycarbonate and a photo acid or base generator; polylactide and a photo acid or base generator; or polyphthalaldehyde and a photo acid generator. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the non-uniform etch depth in the substrate includes at least 8 different depth levels. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein a maximum depth of the non-uniform etch depth in the substrate is greater than 100 nm. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein etching the patterned photoresist layer and the substrate includes etching the patterned photoresist layer and the substrate using at least one of:
an oxygen source including O2, N2O, CO2, or CO; a nitrogen source including N2, N2O, or NH3; or ions with an energy between 100-500 eV. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the variable transparency photomask includes a gray-scale photomask. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the gray-scale photomask includes at least 8 different transmissivity levels. 17. A slanted surface-relief structure for waveguide display, the slanted surface-relief structure comprising:
a substrate; and a slanted surface-relief optical grating in the substrate, the slanted surface-relief optical grating including a plurality of grating ridges and a plurality of grating grooves, each of the plurality of grating grooves characterized by a corresponding depth, wherein depths of the plurality of grating grooves include at least 8 different depth levels; and wherein a slant angle of at least one grating ridge in the plurality of grating ridges is greater than 30° with respect to a surface normal of the substrate. 18. The slanted surface-relief structure of claim 17, wherein the depths of the plurality of grating grooves range from 0 nm to greater than 100 nm. 19. The slanted surface-relief structure of claim 17, wherein depths of the plurality of grating grooves vary in one or two directions across the slanted surface-relief optical grating according to a predetermined profile. 20. The slanted surface-relief structure of claim 17, wherein the slanted surface-relief optical grating has different grating duty cycles at different regions of the slanted surface-relief optical grating. 21. The slanted surface-relief structure of claim 20, wherein the slanted surface-relief optical grating is characterized by a duty cycle greater than 70%. 22. The slanted surface-relief structure of claim 20, wherein the slanted surface-relief optical grating is characterized by a duty cycle less than 30%. 23. The slanted surface-relief structure of claim 17, wherein the slanted surface-relief optical grating has different grating periods at different regions of the slanted surface-relief optical grating. 24. A photoresist material for fabricating a variable-etch-depth grating, wherein:
the photoresist material is sensitive to light with a wavelength shorter than 300 nm; the photoresist material is characterized by an etch rate that is between 0.5 and 5 times of an etch rate of a substrate; and the photoresist material is characterized by a linear response to UV light dose such that a depth of an exposed portion of the photoresist material is a linear function of the UV light dose. 25. The photoresist material of claim 24, wherein the photoresist material includes at least one of:
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sensitized with a photosensitive group; poly(methyl methacrylate)-r-poly(tert-butyl methacrylate)-r-poly(methyl methacrylate) and a photo acid generator; poly(methyl methacrylate)-r-poly(methacrylic acid); poly(α-methylstyrene-co-methyl chloroacrylate) and an acid generator; polycarbonate and a photo acid or base generator; polylactide and a photo acid or base generator; or polyphthalaldehyde and a photo acid generator.
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337,933
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An oriented polyester film containing antioxidant and modified polyolefin wax in a surface layer on at least one side thereof, wherein the oriented polyester film is such that the modified polyolefin wax contained in said layer is present in an amount that, as measured based on weight of a composition at said layer, is not less than 0.1 wt % but less than 3.0 wt %, and wherein the modified polyolefin wax is such that acid value thereof is not less than 1 mg KOH/g but less than 50 mg KOH/g, 3 wt % weight loss onset temperature thereof is not less than 300° C., weight-average molecular weight thereof is within a range that is 3,500 to 65,000, and the antioxidant is present in an amount that, as measured based on the weight of the composition, is not less than 0.02 wt % but less than 0.35 wt %.
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1. An oriented polyester film containing antioxidant and modified polyolefin wax in a surface layer on at least one side thereof, wherein the oriented polyester film is such that the modified polyolefin wax contained in said layer is present in an amount that, as measured based on weight of a composition at said layer, is not less than 0.1 wt % but less than 3.0 wt %, and wherein the modified polyolefin wax is such that acid value thereof is not less than 1 mg KOH/g but less than 50 mg KOH/g, 3 wt % weight loss onset temperature thereof is not less than 300° C., weight-average molecular weight thereof is within a range that is 3,500 to 65,000, and the antioxidant is present in an amount that, as measured based on the weight of the composition, is not less than 0.02 wt % but less than 0.35 wt %. 2. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein the modified polyolefin wax contains at least one species selected from among the group consisting of acid-modified polypropylene wax, acid-modified polyethylene wax, polypropylene oxidate wax, and polyethylene oxidate wax. 3. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein the modified polyolefin wax is laminarly dispersed within said layer. 4. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein the modified polyolefin wax possesses at least one species selected from among the group consisting of carboxyl group, ketone group, and hydroxyl group. 5. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein the modified polyolefin wax contains acid-modified polypropylene wax. 6. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein the modified polyolefin wax contains acid-modified polyethylene wax. 7. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein the modified polyolefin wax contains polypropylene oxidate wax. 8. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein the modified polyolefin wax contains polyethylene oxidate wax. 9. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein thickness of the oriented polyester film is within a range that is 10 μm to 200 μm. 10. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein thickness of the oriented polyester film is within a range that is 15 μm to 100 μm. 11. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein polyester is present therein in an amount that is not less than 80 wt % per 100 wt % of the oriented polyester film. 12. The oriented polyester film according to claim 11 wherein the polyester is polyethylene terephthalate. 13. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 having a multilayer structure that includes said layer. 14. The oriented polyester film according to claim 13 wherein the multilayer structure further possesses a layer that contains colorant pigment. 15. The oriented polyester film according to claim 13 wherein the multilayer structure farther possesses a core layer that is laminated to said layer and the core layer contains colorant pigment. 16. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein said layer contains colorant pigment. 17. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 having a single-layer structure that includes said layer. 18. The oriented polyester film according to claim 17 wherein said layer contains colorant pigment. 19. A decorative laminated body having the oriented polyester film according to claim 1, and having at least one functional layer selected from among the group consisting of printing layer, hard coat layer, adhesion layer, and mold release layer provided on at least one face thereof.
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An oriented polyester film containing antioxidant and modified polyolefin wax in a surface layer on at least one side thereof, wherein the oriented polyester film is such that the modified polyolefin wax contained in said layer is present in an amount that, as measured based on weight of a composition at said layer, is not less than 0.1 wt % but less than 3.0 wt %, and wherein the modified polyolefin wax is such that acid value thereof is not less than 1 mg KOH/g but less than 50 mg KOH/g, 3 wt % weight loss onset temperature thereof is not less than 300° C., weight-average molecular weight thereof is within a range that is 3,500 to 65,000, and the antioxidant is present in an amount that, as measured based on the weight of the composition, is not less than 0.02 wt % but less than 0.35 wt %.1. An oriented polyester film containing antioxidant and modified polyolefin wax in a surface layer on at least one side thereof, wherein the oriented polyester film is such that the modified polyolefin wax contained in said layer is present in an amount that, as measured based on weight of a composition at said layer, is not less than 0.1 wt % but less than 3.0 wt %, and wherein the modified polyolefin wax is such that acid value thereof is not less than 1 mg KOH/g but less than 50 mg KOH/g, 3 wt % weight loss onset temperature thereof is not less than 300° C., weight-average molecular weight thereof is within a range that is 3,500 to 65,000, and the antioxidant is present in an amount that, as measured based on the weight of the composition, is not less than 0.02 wt % but less than 0.35 wt %. 2. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein the modified polyolefin wax contains at least one species selected from among the group consisting of acid-modified polypropylene wax, acid-modified polyethylene wax, polypropylene oxidate wax, and polyethylene oxidate wax. 3. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein the modified polyolefin wax is laminarly dispersed within said layer. 4. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein the modified polyolefin wax possesses at least one species selected from among the group consisting of carboxyl group, ketone group, and hydroxyl group. 5. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein the modified polyolefin wax contains acid-modified polypropylene wax. 6. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein the modified polyolefin wax contains acid-modified polyethylene wax. 7. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein the modified polyolefin wax contains polypropylene oxidate wax. 8. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein the modified polyolefin wax contains polyethylene oxidate wax. 9. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein thickness of the oriented polyester film is within a range that is 10 μm to 200 μm. 10. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein thickness of the oriented polyester film is within a range that is 15 μm to 100 μm. 11. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein polyester is present therein in an amount that is not less than 80 wt % per 100 wt % of the oriented polyester film. 12. The oriented polyester film according to claim 11 wherein the polyester is polyethylene terephthalate. 13. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 having a multilayer structure that includes said layer. 14. The oriented polyester film according to claim 13 wherein the multilayer structure further possesses a layer that contains colorant pigment. 15. The oriented polyester film according to claim 13 wherein the multilayer structure farther possesses a core layer that is laminated to said layer and the core layer contains colorant pigment. 16. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 wherein said layer contains colorant pigment. 17. The oriented polyester film according to claim 1 having a single-layer structure that includes said layer. 18. The oriented polyester film according to claim 17 wherein said layer contains colorant pigment. 19. A decorative laminated body having the oriented polyester film according to claim 1, and having at least one functional layer selected from among the group consisting of printing layer, hard coat layer, adhesion layer, and mold release layer provided on at least one face thereof.
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337,934
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The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to systems for purifying proteins and carbohydrate rich products from photosynthetic aquatic species and compositions thereof. In some embodiments, a system for recovering a highly soluble protein product from a biomass comprising a microcrop (e.g., Lemna) may comprise (a) a lysing unit to lyse a first portion of the biomass to form a first portion of lysed biomass, (b) a first separating unit to separate the first portion of lysed biomass to generate a first portion of a juice fraction and a first portion of a solid fraction, (c) a second separating unit to separate the first portion of the juice fraction to generate a first portion of a first juice and a first portion of a first cake, (d) a first filtration unit to filter the first portion of the first juice to generate a first portion of a soluble protein and a first reject stream, (e) a second filtration unit to filter the first portion of the soluble protein to generate a first portion of a second soluble protein and a second reject stream, (f) a dewatering unit to concentrate the first portion of the second soluble protein to generate a first portion of a concentrated soluble protein, and (g) a drying unit to dry the first portion of the concentrated soluble protein to generate a first portion of a dry protein concentrate.
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1.-37. (canceled) 38. A system for recovering a highly soluble protein product from a biomass comprising a microcrop, the system comprising:
a lysing unit configured to lyse a first portion of the biomass to form a first portion of lysed biomass; a first separating unit configured to separate the first portion of lysed biomass to generate a first portion of a juice fraction and a first portion of a solid fraction; a second separating unit configured to separate the first portion of the juice fraction to generate a first portion of a first juice and a first portion of a first cake; a first filtration unit configured to filter the first portion of the first juice to generate a first portion of a soluble protein and a first reject stream, wherein the filtration unit is a microfiltration module and the first reject stream is a retentate; a second filtration unit configured to filter the first portion of the soluble protein to generate a first portion of a second soluble protein and a second reject stream, wherein the second filtration unit is selected from an ultrafiltration module, a diafiltration module, and a nanofiltration module; a dewatering unit configured to concentrate the first portion of the second soluble protein to generate a first portion of a concentrated soluble protein, wherein the dewatering unit is selected from a reverse osmosis filtration module and a nanofiltration module; and a drying unit, configured to dry the first portion of the concentrated soluble protein to generate a first portion of a dry protein concentrate having a protein concentration of at least about 50% by weight and a solubility value (% water soluble nitrogen) of at least 50%. 39. The system of claim 38 further comprising a third separating unit configured to separate the first portion of the solid fraction to generate a first portion of a first solid and a first portion of a second juice. 40. The system of claim 39 further comprising:
a fourth separating unit configured to separate at least one of the first portion of the first cake and the first portion of the second juice to generate a first portion of a second cake and a first portion of a third juice;
a second lysing unit, configured to lyse a second portion of the biomass to form a second portion of a lysed biomass;
a fifth separating unit, configured to separate the second portion of lysed biomass to generate a second portion of the juice fraction and a second portion of the solid fraction;
a sixth separating unit, configured to separate the second portion of the juice fraction to generate a second portion of the first juice and a second portion of the first cake, wherein:
the first portion of the third juice and the second portion of the juice fraction are combined prior to separating the second portion of the juice fraction. 41. The system of claim 39 further comprising:
a fourth separating unit, configured to separate at least one of (1) the first portion of the first cake and (2) the first portion of the second juice, to generate a first portion of a third juice and a first portion of a second cake;
a first combining unit, configured to combine at least one of the first portion of the first solid, the first portion of the first cake, and the first portion of the second cake; and
a processing unit, configured to process the first portion of the solid mixture to generate a carbohydrate-rich product, wherein the carbohydrate-rich product comprises at least one of a dry biocrude and a carbohydrate-rich meal. 42. A system for treating a biomass comprising a microcrop to produce a product comprising soluble microcrop protein, the system comprising:
a first lysing unit configured to lyse a first portion of a biomass to form a first portion of a lysed biomass; a first separating unit configured to separate the first portion of the lysed biomass to generate a first portion of a juice fraction and a first portion of a solid fraction; a second separating unit configured to separate the first portion of the juice fraction to generate a first portion of a first juice and a first portion of a first cake, wherein the first portion of the first juice comprises the soluble microcrop protein; a first filtration unit, comprising a microfiltration module, configured to microfilter the first portion of the first juice to generate a first portion of a first soluble protein and a first reject stream, wherein the first reject stream is a retentate and the microfiltration module comprises a filter having a filter size of 0.5 μm; and a second filtration unit configured to filter the first portion of the first soluble protein to generate a first portion of a second soluble protein and a second reject stream, the second filtration unit comprising at least one of an ultrafiltration module, a diafiltration module, and a nanofiltration module. 43. The system of claim 42 further comprising a dewatering module, configured to concentrate the first portion of the second soluble protein to generate a first portion of a concentrated soluble protein and a permeate, wherein the dewatering module comprises at least one of a reverse osmosis filtering unit and a nanofiltration unit. 44.-63. (canceled) 64. The system of claim 40 further comprising a first washing unit, configured to wash the first portion of the biomass with a first wash solution or to wash the second portion of the biomass with the first wash solution or to wash the first and second portions of the biomass with the first wash solution. 65. The system of claim 64, further comprising:
a second washing unit, configured to wash the first portion of the biomass with a second wash solution or to wash the second portion of the biomass with the second wash solution or to wash the first and second portions of the biomass the second wash solution; and a third washing unit, configured to wash the first portion of the biomass with a third wash solution or to wash the second portion of the biomass with the third wash solution or to wash the first and second portions of the biomass the third wash solution, wherein:
the first wash solution, the second wash solution, and the third wash solution are independently selected from the reject stream, water, or an ozonated solution. 66. The system of claim 38, wherein the ultrafiltration module comprises a filter having a nominal molecular weight cut-off of up to about 10kDa. 67. The system of claim 38, wherein the microfiltration module comprises an ultrafiltration filter comprising a filter having a nominal molecular weight cut-off of about 3 kDa. 68. The system of claim 38, wherein the microcrop comprises Lemna. 69. The system of claim 38, further comprising a washing unit, configured to wash the highly soluble protein product with at least one solvent, the at least one solvent comprising methanol, ethanol, acetone, hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, propanol, isopropanol, glycerol, and any combination thereof. 70. The system of claim 38 further comprising a reducing unit, configured to subject the highly soluble protein product to a polyphenol reduction process to generate a product having a reduced concentration of at least one polyphenol. 71. The system of claim 43, further comprising a first drying unit, configured to dry the portion of the concentrated soluble protein to generate a first portion of a dry protein concentrate. 72. The system of claim 42, wherein the ultrafiltration module comprises a filter having a nominal molecular cut-off weight of up to about 10 kDa. 73. The system of claim 71, further comprising:
a third separating unit, configured to separate the first portion of the solid fraction to generate a first portion of a first solid and a first portion of a second juice; and a processing unit, configured to process the first portion of the first solid to generate a carbohydrate-rich product, wherein the carbohydrate-rich product comprises a dry biocrude or a carbohydrate-rich meal. 74. The system of claim 73, further comprising:
a fourth separating unit, configured to separate at least one of (1) the first portion of the first cake, and (2) the first portion of the second juice, to generate a first portion of a third juice and a first portion of a second cake; a second lysing unit, configured to lyse a second portion of the biomass to form a second portion of lysed biomass; a fifth separating unit, configured to separate the second portion of the lysed biomass to generate a second portion of the juice fraction and a second portion of the solid fraction; a sixth separating unit, configured to separate the second portion of the juice fraction to generate a second portion of the first juice and a second portion of the first cake; a third filtering unit comprising a microfiltration module, configured to microfilter the second portion of the first juice to generate a second portion of the first soluble protein and the first reject stream; and a fourth filtration unit, configured to filter the second portion of the first soluble protein to generate a second portion of the second soluble protein and the second reject stream, wherein the first portion of the third juice and the second portion of the juice fraction are combined prior to separating the second portion of the juice fraction. 75. The system of claim 71, further comprising:
a fourth separating unit, configured to separate at least one of (1) the first portion of the first cake and (2) the first portion of the second juice, to generate a first portion of a third juice and a first portion of a second cake; a combining unit, configured to combine at least one of the first portion of the first solid, the first portion of the first cake, and the first portion of the second cake, to generate a first portion of a solid mixture; and a second processing unit, configured to process the first portion of the solid mixture to generate a carbohydrate-rich product, wherein the carbohydrate-rich product comprises a dry biocrude or a carbohydrate-rich meal. 76. The system of claim 74, further comprising:
a first wash unit, configured to wash the first portion of biomass with a first wash solution or to wash the second portion of the biomass with the first wash solution or to wash the first and second portions of the biomass with the first wash solution. 77. The system of claim 76, further comprising:
a second wash unit, configured to wash the first portion of biomass with a second wash solution or to wash the second portion of the biomass with the second wash solution or to wash the first and second portions of the biomass with the second wash solution; and a third wash unit, configured to wash the first portion of biomass with a third wash solution or to wash the second portion of the biomass with the third wash solution or to wash the first and second portions of the biomass with the third wash solution, wherein:
the first wash solution, the second wash solution, and the third wash solution are independently selected from the reject stream, water, and an ozonated solution. 78. The system of claim 43, further comprising:
a chilling unit, configured to chill at least of the first portion of lysed biomass, the first portion of the juice fraction, the first portion of the first juice, the first portion of the first soluble protein, the first reject stream, the first portion of the second soluble protein fraction, the second reject stream, and the permeate, to form a chilled stream. 79. The system of claim 78, wherein the chilling unit is configured to lower the temperature of at least of the first portion of lysed biomass, the first portion of the juice fraction, the first portion of the first juice, the first portion of the first soluble protein, the first reject stream, the first portion of the second soluble protein fraction, the second reject stream, and the permeate, to about 12 degrees Celsius. 80. The system of claim 78, further comprising:
a directing unit, configured to direct the chilled stream to flow in proximity to a donor stream having thermal energy such that the chilled stream absorbs at least some of the donor stream thermal energy, wherein the donor stream comprises at least one of the first portion of the lysed biomass, the first portion of the juice fraction, and the first portion of the first juice. 81. The system of claim 78, further comprising:
a directing unit, configured to direct a thermal energy from at least one of the drying the concentrated protein and the chilling the flow in proximity to a recipient stream such that the recipient stream absorbs at least some of the thermal energy to form a heated stream, wherein the recipient stream comprises at least one of the first portion of the lysed biomass, the first portion of the juice fraction, the first portion of the first juice, the first portion of the first soluble protein fraction, the first reject stream, the first portion of the second soluble protein fraction, the second reject stream, and the permeate.
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The present disclosure relates, according to some embodiments, to systems for purifying proteins and carbohydrate rich products from photosynthetic aquatic species and compositions thereof. In some embodiments, a system for recovering a highly soluble protein product from a biomass comprising a microcrop (e.g., Lemna) may comprise (a) a lysing unit to lyse a first portion of the biomass to form a first portion of lysed biomass, (b) a first separating unit to separate the first portion of lysed biomass to generate a first portion of a juice fraction and a first portion of a solid fraction, (c) a second separating unit to separate the first portion of the juice fraction to generate a first portion of a first juice and a first portion of a first cake, (d) a first filtration unit to filter the first portion of the first juice to generate a first portion of a soluble protein and a first reject stream, (e) a second filtration unit to filter the first portion of the soluble protein to generate a first portion of a second soluble protein and a second reject stream, (f) a dewatering unit to concentrate the first portion of the second soluble protein to generate a first portion of a concentrated soluble protein, and (g) a drying unit to dry the first portion of the concentrated soluble protein to generate a first portion of a dry protein concentrate.1.-37. (canceled) 38. A system for recovering a highly soluble protein product from a biomass comprising a microcrop, the system comprising:
a lysing unit configured to lyse a first portion of the biomass to form a first portion of lysed biomass; a first separating unit configured to separate the first portion of lysed biomass to generate a first portion of a juice fraction and a first portion of a solid fraction; a second separating unit configured to separate the first portion of the juice fraction to generate a first portion of a first juice and a first portion of a first cake; a first filtration unit configured to filter the first portion of the first juice to generate a first portion of a soluble protein and a first reject stream, wherein the filtration unit is a microfiltration module and the first reject stream is a retentate; a second filtration unit configured to filter the first portion of the soluble protein to generate a first portion of a second soluble protein and a second reject stream, wherein the second filtration unit is selected from an ultrafiltration module, a diafiltration module, and a nanofiltration module; a dewatering unit configured to concentrate the first portion of the second soluble protein to generate a first portion of a concentrated soluble protein, wherein the dewatering unit is selected from a reverse osmosis filtration module and a nanofiltration module; and a drying unit, configured to dry the first portion of the concentrated soluble protein to generate a first portion of a dry protein concentrate having a protein concentration of at least about 50% by weight and a solubility value (% water soluble nitrogen) of at least 50%. 39. The system of claim 38 further comprising a third separating unit configured to separate the first portion of the solid fraction to generate a first portion of a first solid and a first portion of a second juice. 40. The system of claim 39 further comprising:
a fourth separating unit configured to separate at least one of the first portion of the first cake and the first portion of the second juice to generate a first portion of a second cake and a first portion of a third juice;
a second lysing unit, configured to lyse a second portion of the biomass to form a second portion of a lysed biomass;
a fifth separating unit, configured to separate the second portion of lysed biomass to generate a second portion of the juice fraction and a second portion of the solid fraction;
a sixth separating unit, configured to separate the second portion of the juice fraction to generate a second portion of the first juice and a second portion of the first cake, wherein:
the first portion of the third juice and the second portion of the juice fraction are combined prior to separating the second portion of the juice fraction. 41. The system of claim 39 further comprising:
a fourth separating unit, configured to separate at least one of (1) the first portion of the first cake and (2) the first portion of the second juice, to generate a first portion of a third juice and a first portion of a second cake;
a first combining unit, configured to combine at least one of the first portion of the first solid, the first portion of the first cake, and the first portion of the second cake; and
a processing unit, configured to process the first portion of the solid mixture to generate a carbohydrate-rich product, wherein the carbohydrate-rich product comprises at least one of a dry biocrude and a carbohydrate-rich meal. 42. A system for treating a biomass comprising a microcrop to produce a product comprising soluble microcrop protein, the system comprising:
a first lysing unit configured to lyse a first portion of a biomass to form a first portion of a lysed biomass; a first separating unit configured to separate the first portion of the lysed biomass to generate a first portion of a juice fraction and a first portion of a solid fraction; a second separating unit configured to separate the first portion of the juice fraction to generate a first portion of a first juice and a first portion of a first cake, wherein the first portion of the first juice comprises the soluble microcrop protein; a first filtration unit, comprising a microfiltration module, configured to microfilter the first portion of the first juice to generate a first portion of a first soluble protein and a first reject stream, wherein the first reject stream is a retentate and the microfiltration module comprises a filter having a filter size of 0.5 μm; and a second filtration unit configured to filter the first portion of the first soluble protein to generate a first portion of a second soluble protein and a second reject stream, the second filtration unit comprising at least one of an ultrafiltration module, a diafiltration module, and a nanofiltration module. 43. The system of claim 42 further comprising a dewatering module, configured to concentrate the first portion of the second soluble protein to generate a first portion of a concentrated soluble protein and a permeate, wherein the dewatering module comprises at least one of a reverse osmosis filtering unit and a nanofiltration unit. 44.-63. (canceled) 64. The system of claim 40 further comprising a first washing unit, configured to wash the first portion of the biomass with a first wash solution or to wash the second portion of the biomass with the first wash solution or to wash the first and second portions of the biomass with the first wash solution. 65. The system of claim 64, further comprising:
a second washing unit, configured to wash the first portion of the biomass with a second wash solution or to wash the second portion of the biomass with the second wash solution or to wash the first and second portions of the biomass the second wash solution; and a third washing unit, configured to wash the first portion of the biomass with a third wash solution or to wash the second portion of the biomass with the third wash solution or to wash the first and second portions of the biomass the third wash solution, wherein:
the first wash solution, the second wash solution, and the third wash solution are independently selected from the reject stream, water, or an ozonated solution. 66. The system of claim 38, wherein the ultrafiltration module comprises a filter having a nominal molecular weight cut-off of up to about 10kDa. 67. The system of claim 38, wherein the microfiltration module comprises an ultrafiltration filter comprising a filter having a nominal molecular weight cut-off of about 3 kDa. 68. The system of claim 38, wherein the microcrop comprises Lemna. 69. The system of claim 38, further comprising a washing unit, configured to wash the highly soluble protein product with at least one solvent, the at least one solvent comprising methanol, ethanol, acetone, hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, propanol, isopropanol, glycerol, and any combination thereof. 70. The system of claim 38 further comprising a reducing unit, configured to subject the highly soluble protein product to a polyphenol reduction process to generate a product having a reduced concentration of at least one polyphenol. 71. The system of claim 43, further comprising a first drying unit, configured to dry the portion of the concentrated soluble protein to generate a first portion of a dry protein concentrate. 72. The system of claim 42, wherein the ultrafiltration module comprises a filter having a nominal molecular cut-off weight of up to about 10 kDa. 73. The system of claim 71, further comprising:
a third separating unit, configured to separate the first portion of the solid fraction to generate a first portion of a first solid and a first portion of a second juice; and a processing unit, configured to process the first portion of the first solid to generate a carbohydrate-rich product, wherein the carbohydrate-rich product comprises a dry biocrude or a carbohydrate-rich meal. 74. The system of claim 73, further comprising:
a fourth separating unit, configured to separate at least one of (1) the first portion of the first cake, and (2) the first portion of the second juice, to generate a first portion of a third juice and a first portion of a second cake; a second lysing unit, configured to lyse a second portion of the biomass to form a second portion of lysed biomass; a fifth separating unit, configured to separate the second portion of the lysed biomass to generate a second portion of the juice fraction and a second portion of the solid fraction; a sixth separating unit, configured to separate the second portion of the juice fraction to generate a second portion of the first juice and a second portion of the first cake; a third filtering unit comprising a microfiltration module, configured to microfilter the second portion of the first juice to generate a second portion of the first soluble protein and the first reject stream; and a fourth filtration unit, configured to filter the second portion of the first soluble protein to generate a second portion of the second soluble protein and the second reject stream, wherein the first portion of the third juice and the second portion of the juice fraction are combined prior to separating the second portion of the juice fraction. 75. The system of claim 71, further comprising:
a fourth separating unit, configured to separate at least one of (1) the first portion of the first cake and (2) the first portion of the second juice, to generate a first portion of a third juice and a first portion of a second cake; a combining unit, configured to combine at least one of the first portion of the first solid, the first portion of the first cake, and the first portion of the second cake, to generate a first portion of a solid mixture; and a second processing unit, configured to process the first portion of the solid mixture to generate a carbohydrate-rich product, wherein the carbohydrate-rich product comprises a dry biocrude or a carbohydrate-rich meal. 76. The system of claim 74, further comprising:
a first wash unit, configured to wash the first portion of biomass with a first wash solution or to wash the second portion of the biomass with the first wash solution or to wash the first and second portions of the biomass with the first wash solution. 77. The system of claim 76, further comprising:
a second wash unit, configured to wash the first portion of biomass with a second wash solution or to wash the second portion of the biomass with the second wash solution or to wash the first and second portions of the biomass with the second wash solution; and a third wash unit, configured to wash the first portion of biomass with a third wash solution or to wash the second portion of the biomass with the third wash solution or to wash the first and second portions of the biomass with the third wash solution, wherein:
the first wash solution, the second wash solution, and the third wash solution are independently selected from the reject stream, water, and an ozonated solution. 78. The system of claim 43, further comprising:
a chilling unit, configured to chill at least of the first portion of lysed biomass, the first portion of the juice fraction, the first portion of the first juice, the first portion of the first soluble protein, the first reject stream, the first portion of the second soluble protein fraction, the second reject stream, and the permeate, to form a chilled stream. 79. The system of claim 78, wherein the chilling unit is configured to lower the temperature of at least of the first portion of lysed biomass, the first portion of the juice fraction, the first portion of the first juice, the first portion of the first soluble protein, the first reject stream, the first portion of the second soluble protein fraction, the second reject stream, and the permeate, to about 12 degrees Celsius. 80. The system of claim 78, further comprising:
a directing unit, configured to direct the chilled stream to flow in proximity to a donor stream having thermal energy such that the chilled stream absorbs at least some of the donor stream thermal energy, wherein the donor stream comprises at least one of the first portion of the lysed biomass, the first portion of the juice fraction, and the first portion of the first juice. 81. The system of claim 78, further comprising:
a directing unit, configured to direct a thermal energy from at least one of the drying the concentrated protein and the chilling the flow in proximity to a recipient stream such that the recipient stream absorbs at least some of the thermal energy to form a heated stream, wherein the recipient stream comprises at least one of the first portion of the lysed biomass, the first portion of the juice fraction, the first portion of the first juice, the first portion of the first soluble protein fraction, the first reject stream, the first portion of the second soluble protein fraction, the second reject stream, and the permeate.
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337,935
| 16,799,539
| 3,631
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A transport trailer and a method for transporting an oversize load are provided. In one nonlimiting example, the transport trailer includes a trailer. The trailer includes an elongated body that extends in a length direction and that has an upper base surface. A support assembly is configured to support the oversize load and is pivotably coupled to the trailer to move between a first position and a second position. In the first position, the support assembly extends over the upper base surface and beyond the trailer in a width direction that is transverse to the length direction to define a wide load overhang that extends beyond the trailer in the width direction. In the second position, the support assembly is positioned at an incline relative to the first position to one of reduce and eliminate the wide load overhang.
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1. A transport trailer for carrying an oversize load, the transport trailer comprising:
a trailer comprising an elongated body that extends in a length direction and that has an upper base surface; a support assembly that is configured to support the oversize load and that is pivotably coupled to the trailer to move between a first position and a second position, wherein in the first position, the support assembly extends over the upper base surface and beyond the trailer in a width direction that is transverse to the length direction to define a wide load overhang that extends beyond the trailer in the width direction, and wherein in the second position, the support assembly is positioned at an incline relative to the first position to one of reduce and eliminate the wide load overhang. 2. The transport trailer of claim 1, wherein the support assembly comprises a box that is configured to receive the oversize load when the support assembly is in the first position and to contain the oversize load for transport when the support assembly is in the second position. 3. The transport trailer of claim 2, wherein the box is a substantially “V-shaped” box having an apex portion, a first leg portion, and a second leg portion, and wherein the first and second leg portions flare outwardly from the apex portion in different directions. 4. The transport trailer of claim 3, wherein the trailer has a relief area below the upper base surface, wherein the apex portion, the first leg portion, and the second leg portion are disposed above the upper base surface of the trailer when the support assembly is in the first position, and wherein the apex portion is disposed below the upper base surface and the relief area while the first and second leg portions are disposed above the upper base surface when the support assembly is in the second position. 5. The transport trailer of claim 2, wherein the support assembly further comprises a support structure that comprises a support frame and a support arm and that is coupled to the support frame that supports the box and that is pivotally coupled to the elongated body to move the box between the first and second positions. 6. The transport trailer of claim 5, wherein the box is mounted to the support frame and the support arm is pivotably coupled to the elongated body. 7. The transport trailer of claim 6, further comprising a driver that is coupled to the support assembly and that is configured to move the support assembly between the first and second positions. 8. The transport trailer of claim 7, wherein the driver comprises a hydraulic cylinder that has a first end coupled to the elongated body and a second end that is coupled to the support frame, and wherein the hydraulic cylinder is configured to move the first and second ends relative to each other to move the support assembly between the first and second positions. 9. The transport trailer of claim 6, wherein the support structure further comprises a pivot coupling that pivotably couples the support arm to the elongated body. 10. The transport trailer of claim 6, wherein the support arm has a support arm opening and the elongated body has a body opening that is aligned with the support arm opening when the support structure is in the second position, and wherein the transport trailer further comprises a hitch pin that is configured to be releasably disposed through the body opening and the support arm opening to hold the support structure in the second position. 11. The transport trailer of claim 6, further comprising a safety lock mechanism that is coupled to the support arm and the elongated body and that is configured to releasably lock the support arm in the second position. 12. The transport trailer of claim 6, further comprising at least one pin-bracket attachment component that is configured to extend through a bottom wall of the box and to couple the support frame to the oversize load. 13. The transport trailer of claim 12, wherein the pin-bracket attachment component is configured to releasably couple to the support frame and to the oversize load. 14. The transport trailer of claim 2, wherein the box has a box chamber and comprises a lid that is configured to cover the box chamber. 15. The transport trailer of claim 14, wherein the lid comprises a first lid section and a second lid section that are configured to be disposed adjacent to each other to substantially cover the box chamber. 16. The transport trailer of claim 14, further comprising a lift coupling element and a plurality of cables that couple the lift coupling element to the lid, and wherein the lift coupling element is configured to receive a moveable member for lifting at least a section of the lid to expose the box chamber. 17. The transport trailer of claim 1, wherein in the second position, the support assembly is positioned at an angle of from about 45 to about 75 relative to the first position. 18. The transport trailer of claim 17, wherein in the first position, the support assembly is positioned substantially horizontally. 19. A method for transporting an oversize load, the method comprising the steps of:
coupling a transport trailer that includes a trailer to a prime mover, wherein the trailer comprises an elongated body that extends in a length direction and that has an upper base surface; mounting the oversize load onto a support assembly that is pivotably coupled to the trailer and that is in a first position extending over the upper base surface and beyond the trailer in a width direction that is transverse to the length direction to define a wide load overhang that extends beyond the trailer in the width direction; moving the support assembly to a second position at an incline relative to the first position to one of reduce and eliminate the wide load overhang; and transporting the transport trailer with the prime mover while supporting the oversize load with the support assembly in the second position. 20. A transport trailer for carrying an oversize load, the transport trailer comprising:
a trailer comprising an elongated body that extends in a longitudinal direction and that has an upper base surface; a support assembly that is configured to support the oversize load and that is pivotably coupled to the trailer to move between a first position and a second position, wherein in the first position, the support assembly extends over the upper base surface and beyond the trailer to define an overhang portion that extends beyond the trailer in an outwardly direction, and wherein in the second position, the support assembly is positioned at an incline relative to the first position to one of reduce and eliminate the overhang portion.
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A transport trailer and a method for transporting an oversize load are provided. In one nonlimiting example, the transport trailer includes a trailer. The trailer includes an elongated body that extends in a length direction and that has an upper base surface. A support assembly is configured to support the oversize load and is pivotably coupled to the trailer to move between a first position and a second position. In the first position, the support assembly extends over the upper base surface and beyond the trailer in a width direction that is transverse to the length direction to define a wide load overhang that extends beyond the trailer in the width direction. In the second position, the support assembly is positioned at an incline relative to the first position to one of reduce and eliminate the wide load overhang.1. A transport trailer for carrying an oversize load, the transport trailer comprising:
a trailer comprising an elongated body that extends in a length direction and that has an upper base surface; a support assembly that is configured to support the oversize load and that is pivotably coupled to the trailer to move between a first position and a second position, wherein in the first position, the support assembly extends over the upper base surface and beyond the trailer in a width direction that is transverse to the length direction to define a wide load overhang that extends beyond the trailer in the width direction, and wherein in the second position, the support assembly is positioned at an incline relative to the first position to one of reduce and eliminate the wide load overhang. 2. The transport trailer of claim 1, wherein the support assembly comprises a box that is configured to receive the oversize load when the support assembly is in the first position and to contain the oversize load for transport when the support assembly is in the second position. 3. The transport trailer of claim 2, wherein the box is a substantially “V-shaped” box having an apex portion, a first leg portion, and a second leg portion, and wherein the first and second leg portions flare outwardly from the apex portion in different directions. 4. The transport trailer of claim 3, wherein the trailer has a relief area below the upper base surface, wherein the apex portion, the first leg portion, and the second leg portion are disposed above the upper base surface of the trailer when the support assembly is in the first position, and wherein the apex portion is disposed below the upper base surface and the relief area while the first and second leg portions are disposed above the upper base surface when the support assembly is in the second position. 5. The transport trailer of claim 2, wherein the support assembly further comprises a support structure that comprises a support frame and a support arm and that is coupled to the support frame that supports the box and that is pivotally coupled to the elongated body to move the box between the first and second positions. 6. The transport trailer of claim 5, wherein the box is mounted to the support frame and the support arm is pivotably coupled to the elongated body. 7. The transport trailer of claim 6, further comprising a driver that is coupled to the support assembly and that is configured to move the support assembly between the first and second positions. 8. The transport trailer of claim 7, wherein the driver comprises a hydraulic cylinder that has a first end coupled to the elongated body and a second end that is coupled to the support frame, and wherein the hydraulic cylinder is configured to move the first and second ends relative to each other to move the support assembly between the first and second positions. 9. The transport trailer of claim 6, wherein the support structure further comprises a pivot coupling that pivotably couples the support arm to the elongated body. 10. The transport trailer of claim 6, wherein the support arm has a support arm opening and the elongated body has a body opening that is aligned with the support arm opening when the support structure is in the second position, and wherein the transport trailer further comprises a hitch pin that is configured to be releasably disposed through the body opening and the support arm opening to hold the support structure in the second position. 11. The transport trailer of claim 6, further comprising a safety lock mechanism that is coupled to the support arm and the elongated body and that is configured to releasably lock the support arm in the second position. 12. The transport trailer of claim 6, further comprising at least one pin-bracket attachment component that is configured to extend through a bottom wall of the box and to couple the support frame to the oversize load. 13. The transport trailer of claim 12, wherein the pin-bracket attachment component is configured to releasably couple to the support frame and to the oversize load. 14. The transport trailer of claim 2, wherein the box has a box chamber and comprises a lid that is configured to cover the box chamber. 15. The transport trailer of claim 14, wherein the lid comprises a first lid section and a second lid section that are configured to be disposed adjacent to each other to substantially cover the box chamber. 16. The transport trailer of claim 14, further comprising a lift coupling element and a plurality of cables that couple the lift coupling element to the lid, and wherein the lift coupling element is configured to receive a moveable member for lifting at least a section of the lid to expose the box chamber. 17. The transport trailer of claim 1, wherein in the second position, the support assembly is positioned at an angle of from about 45 to about 75 relative to the first position. 18. The transport trailer of claim 17, wherein in the first position, the support assembly is positioned substantially horizontally. 19. A method for transporting an oversize load, the method comprising the steps of:
coupling a transport trailer that includes a trailer to a prime mover, wherein the trailer comprises an elongated body that extends in a length direction and that has an upper base surface; mounting the oversize load onto a support assembly that is pivotably coupled to the trailer and that is in a first position extending over the upper base surface and beyond the trailer in a width direction that is transverse to the length direction to define a wide load overhang that extends beyond the trailer in the width direction; moving the support assembly to a second position at an incline relative to the first position to one of reduce and eliminate the wide load overhang; and transporting the transport trailer with the prime mover while supporting the oversize load with the support assembly in the second position. 20. A transport trailer for carrying an oversize load, the transport trailer comprising:
a trailer comprising an elongated body that extends in a longitudinal direction and that has an upper base surface; a support assembly that is configured to support the oversize load and that is pivotably coupled to the trailer to move between a first position and a second position, wherein in the first position, the support assembly extends over the upper base surface and beyond the trailer to define an overhang portion that extends beyond the trailer in an outwardly direction, and wherein in the second position, the support assembly is positioned at an incline relative to the first position to one of reduce and eliminate the overhang portion.
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337,936
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A method causes a display device to simultaneously display at least the following: a video depicting an item in a scene and a tag in a first position on the video. The tag is associated with the item depicted in the video. The tag includes text information associated with the item depicted in the video. The method also causes the tag to undergo motion relative to at least a portion of the video scene from the first position to a second position different from the first position, while causing the display device to display the video and the tag on the video.
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1. A method comprising:
causing a display device to simultaneously display at least the following:
a video depicting an item in a scene; and
a tag in a first position on the video, the tag being associated with the item depicted in the video, wherein the tag includes text information associated with the item depicted in the video; and
causing the tag to undergo motion relative to at least a portion of the video scene from the first position to a second position different from the first position, while causing the display device to display the video and the tag on the video. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
causing the display device to display a visually perceptible indicator extending between a proximity where the item is depicted in the video and a proximity of the first position. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
adjusting the visually perceptible indicator while the tag on the video undergoes the motion, while causing the display device to additionally display the visually perceptible indicator while the tag on the video undergoes motion. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the video also depicts a second item, the method further comprising:
causing the display device to display at least the following simultaneously with the video and the tag:
a second tag in an initial position on the video, the second tag being associated with the second item depicted in the video, wherein the second tag includes second text information associated with the second item depicted in the video; and
causing the second tag to undergo motion relative to at least a portion of the video scene from the initial position to a subsequent position different from the initial position, while causing the display device to display the video, the tag, and the second tag on the video. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
causing the display device to display a second visually perceptible indicator extending between a proximity where the second item is depicted in the video and a proximity of the initial position of the second tag. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
adjusting the second visually perceptible indicator while the second tag on the video undergoes the motion, while causing the display device to additionally display the visually perceptible indicator while the second tag on the video undergoes motion. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving from an input device a selection of the tag; and in response to receiving from the input device the selection of the tag, performing a predetermined action to provide additional information relating to the item in the video. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of performing the predetermined action to provide the additional information relating to the item in the video comprises causing the display device to present a web page including the additional information relating to the item. 9-22. (canceled) 23. The method of claim 8, wherein the tag is surrounded by a visually perceptible border defining a tag area and the step of performing the predetermined action to provide the additional information relating to the item depicted in the video comprises causing the display device to expand the tag area so that the additional information can be presented within the tag area along with descriptive information describing the item depicted in the video. 24. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of performing the predetermined action to provide the additional information relating to the item depicted in the video comprises causing the display device to display a new window and causing the display device to present in the new window the additional information relating to the item. 25. An apparatus for use with a video display device, the apparatus comprising:
a hardware processor; and a memory storing instructions that configure the hardware processor to:
cause the video display device to simultaneously display at least the following:
a video depicting an item in a scene; and
a tag in a first position on the video, the tag being associated with the item depicted in the video, wherein the tag includes descriptive text information describing the item depicted in the video; and
cause the tag to undergo motion relative to at least a portion of the video scene from the first position to a second position different from the first position, while causing the video display device to display the video and the tag on the video while the tag on the video undergoes motion with respect to at least a portion of the video scene. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the memory further stores instructions that configure the hardware processor to cause the video display device to simultaneously display at least the following with the video and the tag:
a visually perceptible indicator extending between a proximity where the item is depicted in the video and a proximity of the first position. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to adjust the visually perceptible indicator while the tag on the video undergoes the motion, while causing the video display device to additionally display the visually perceptible indicator while the tag on the video undergoes motion. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the video also depicts a second item, and the hardware processor is further configured to:
cause the video display device to display at least the following simultaneously with the video, the tag, and the visually perceptible indicator:
a second tag in an initial position on the video, the second tag being associated with the second item depicted in the video, wherein the second tag includes second descriptive text information describing the second item depicted in the video; and
a second visually perceptible indicator extending between a proximity where the second item is depicted in the video and a proximity of the initial position; and
cause the second tag to undergo motion relative to at least a portion of the video scene from the initial position to a subsequent position different from the initial position, while causing the video display device to display the video and the second tag on the video while the second tag on the video undergoes motion with respect to at least a portion of the video scene. 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to adjust the second visually perceptible indicator while the second tag on the video undergoes the motion, while causing the video display device to additionally display the visually perceptible indicator while the second tag on the video undergoes motion. 30. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to perform a predetermined action to provide additional information relating to the item in the video in response to a signal denoting a selection of the tag by a user using an input device operatively connected to the hardware processor. 31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the predetermined action comprises causing the video display device to present a web page including the additional information relating to the item. 32. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions comprising:
instructions for causing a display device to simultaneously display at least the following:
a video depicting an item in a scene; and
a tag in a first position on the video, the tag being associated with the item depicted in the video, wherein the tag includes descriptive text information describing the item depicted in the video; and
instructions for causing the tag to undergo motion relative to at least a portion of the video scene from the first position to a second position different from the first position, while causing the display device to display the video and the tag on the video while the tag on the video undergoes motion with respect to at least a portion of the video scene. 33. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 32, wherein the instruction for causing a display device to simultaneously display further includes instructions for causing the display device to simultaneously display the following win the video and the tag:
a visually perceptible indicator extending between a proximity where the item is depicted in the video and a proximity of the first position; and 34. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 33, further comprising:
instructions for adjusting the visually perceptible indicator while the tag on the video undergoes the motion, while causing the display device to additionally display the visually perceptible indicator while the tag on the video undergoes motion. 35. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 33, wherein the video also depicts a second item, the computer-readable medium further comprising:
instructions for causing the display device to display at least the following simultaneously with the video, the tag, and the visually perceptible indicator:
a second tag in an initial position on the video, the second tag being associated with the second item depicted in the video, wherein the second tag includes second descriptive text information describing the second item depicted in the video; and
a second visually perceptible indicator extending between a proximity where the second item is depicted in the video and a proximity of the initial position; and
instructions for causing the second tag to undergo motion relative to at least a portion of the video scene from the initial position to a subsequent position different from the initial position, while causing the display device to display the video and the second tag on the video while the second tag on the video undergoes motion with respect to at least a portion of the video scene. 36. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 35, further comprising:
instructions for adjusting the second visually perceptible indicator while the second tag on the video undergoes the motion, while causing the display device to additionally display the visually perceptible indicator while the second tag on the video undergoes motion. 37. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 33, further comprising:
instructions for performing a predetermined action to provide additional information relating to the item in the video in response to a selection of the tag. 38. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 37, wherein the instructions for performing the predetermined action to provide the additional information relating to the item in the video comprise instructions for causing the display device to present a web page including the additional information relating to the item.
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A method causes a display device to simultaneously display at least the following: a video depicting an item in a scene and a tag in a first position on the video. The tag is associated with the item depicted in the video. The tag includes text information associated with the item depicted in the video. The method also causes the tag to undergo motion relative to at least a portion of the video scene from the first position to a second position different from the first position, while causing the display device to display the video and the tag on the video.1. A method comprising:
causing a display device to simultaneously display at least the following:
a video depicting an item in a scene; and
a tag in a first position on the video, the tag being associated with the item depicted in the video, wherein the tag includes text information associated with the item depicted in the video; and
causing the tag to undergo motion relative to at least a portion of the video scene from the first position to a second position different from the first position, while causing the display device to display the video and the tag on the video. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
causing the display device to display a visually perceptible indicator extending between a proximity where the item is depicted in the video and a proximity of the first position. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
adjusting the visually perceptible indicator while the tag on the video undergoes the motion, while causing the display device to additionally display the visually perceptible indicator while the tag on the video undergoes motion. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the video also depicts a second item, the method further comprising:
causing the display device to display at least the following simultaneously with the video and the tag:
a second tag in an initial position on the video, the second tag being associated with the second item depicted in the video, wherein the second tag includes second text information associated with the second item depicted in the video; and
causing the second tag to undergo motion relative to at least a portion of the video scene from the initial position to a subsequent position different from the initial position, while causing the display device to display the video, the tag, and the second tag on the video. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:
causing the display device to display a second visually perceptible indicator extending between a proximity where the second item is depicted in the video and a proximity of the initial position of the second tag. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising:
adjusting the second visually perceptible indicator while the second tag on the video undergoes the motion, while causing the display device to additionally display the visually perceptible indicator while the second tag on the video undergoes motion. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving from an input device a selection of the tag; and in response to receiving from the input device the selection of the tag, performing a predetermined action to provide additional information relating to the item in the video. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the step of performing the predetermined action to provide the additional information relating to the item in the video comprises causing the display device to present a web page including the additional information relating to the item. 9-22. (canceled) 23. The method of claim 8, wherein the tag is surrounded by a visually perceptible border defining a tag area and the step of performing the predetermined action to provide the additional information relating to the item depicted in the video comprises causing the display device to expand the tag area so that the additional information can be presented within the tag area along with descriptive information describing the item depicted in the video. 24. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of performing the predetermined action to provide the additional information relating to the item depicted in the video comprises causing the display device to display a new window and causing the display device to present in the new window the additional information relating to the item. 25. An apparatus for use with a video display device, the apparatus comprising:
a hardware processor; and a memory storing instructions that configure the hardware processor to:
cause the video display device to simultaneously display at least the following:
a video depicting an item in a scene; and
a tag in a first position on the video, the tag being associated with the item depicted in the video, wherein the tag includes descriptive text information describing the item depicted in the video; and
cause the tag to undergo motion relative to at least a portion of the video scene from the first position to a second position different from the first position, while causing the video display device to display the video and the tag on the video while the tag on the video undergoes motion with respect to at least a portion of the video scene. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the memory further stores instructions that configure the hardware processor to cause the video display device to simultaneously display at least the following with the video and the tag:
a visually perceptible indicator extending between a proximity where the item is depicted in the video and a proximity of the first position. 27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to adjust the visually perceptible indicator while the tag on the video undergoes the motion, while causing the video display device to additionally display the visually perceptible indicator while the tag on the video undergoes motion. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the video also depicts a second item, and the hardware processor is further configured to:
cause the video display device to display at least the following simultaneously with the video, the tag, and the visually perceptible indicator:
a second tag in an initial position on the video, the second tag being associated with the second item depicted in the video, wherein the second tag includes second descriptive text information describing the second item depicted in the video; and
a second visually perceptible indicator extending between a proximity where the second item is depicted in the video and a proximity of the initial position; and
cause the second tag to undergo motion relative to at least a portion of the video scene from the initial position to a subsequent position different from the initial position, while causing the video display device to display the video and the second tag on the video while the second tag on the video undergoes motion with respect to at least a portion of the video scene. 29. The apparatus of claim 28, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to adjust the second visually perceptible indicator while the second tag on the video undergoes the motion, while causing the video display device to additionally display the visually perceptible indicator while the second tag on the video undergoes motion. 30. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the hardware processor is further configured to perform a predetermined action to provide additional information relating to the item in the video in response to a signal denoting a selection of the tag by a user using an input device operatively connected to the hardware processor. 31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the predetermined action comprises causing the video display device to present a web page including the additional information relating to the item. 32. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions comprising:
instructions for causing a display device to simultaneously display at least the following:
a video depicting an item in a scene; and
a tag in a first position on the video, the tag being associated with the item depicted in the video, wherein the tag includes descriptive text information describing the item depicted in the video; and
instructions for causing the tag to undergo motion relative to at least a portion of the video scene from the first position to a second position different from the first position, while causing the display device to display the video and the tag on the video while the tag on the video undergoes motion with respect to at least a portion of the video scene. 33. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 32, wherein the instruction for causing a display device to simultaneously display further includes instructions for causing the display device to simultaneously display the following win the video and the tag:
a visually perceptible indicator extending between a proximity where the item is depicted in the video and a proximity of the first position; and 34. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 33, further comprising:
instructions for adjusting the visually perceptible indicator while the tag on the video undergoes the motion, while causing the display device to additionally display the visually perceptible indicator while the tag on the video undergoes motion. 35. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 33, wherein the video also depicts a second item, the computer-readable medium further comprising:
instructions for causing the display device to display at least the following simultaneously with the video, the tag, and the visually perceptible indicator:
a second tag in an initial position on the video, the second tag being associated with the second item depicted in the video, wherein the second tag includes second descriptive text information describing the second item depicted in the video; and
a second visually perceptible indicator extending between a proximity where the second item is depicted in the video and a proximity of the initial position; and
instructions for causing the second tag to undergo motion relative to at least a portion of the video scene from the initial position to a subsequent position different from the initial position, while causing the display device to display the video and the second tag on the video while the second tag on the video undergoes motion with respect to at least a portion of the video scene. 36. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 35, further comprising:
instructions for adjusting the second visually perceptible indicator while the second tag on the video undergoes the motion, while causing the display device to additionally display the visually perceptible indicator while the second tag on the video undergoes motion. 37. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 33, further comprising:
instructions for performing a predetermined action to provide additional information relating to the item in the video in response to a selection of the tag. 38. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 37, wherein the instructions for performing the predetermined action to provide the additional information relating to the item in the video comprise instructions for causing the display device to present a web page including the additional information relating to the item.
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337,937
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Embodiments describe herein generally pertain to implantable medical device (IMDs), and methods for use therewith, that can be used to automatically switch an IMD from its normal operational mode to an MRI safe mode, and vice versa, within increased specificity. In certain embodiments, a controller of the IMD uses a magnetic field sensor to determine whether a first magnetic field condition is detected, and uses an accelerometer to determine whether a positional condition is detected. In response to the first magnetic field condition being detected, and the positional condition being detected, the controller can use the magnetic field sensor to determine whether a second magnetic field condition is detected, which differs from the first magnetic field condition. The controller can then cause the IMD to enter the MRI safe mode based at least in part on the first and second magnetic field conditions and the positional condition being detected.
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1. A method for use with an implantable medical device (IMD) that is implanted within a patient, wherein the IMD includes a magnetic field sensor and an accelerometer and the IMD is capable of mode switching to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) safe mode, the method comprising:
using the accelerometer to determine whether a positional condition associated with the patient is detected; controlling sampling of the magnetic field sensor or at least one signal output therefrom, based on the positional condition associated with the patient,
wherein the controlling sampling includes
during a first period of time, during which the positional condition is detected, using a first sampling rate is to perform the sampling of the magnetic field sensor or the at least one signal output therefrom, and
during a second period of time, during which the positional condition is not detected, using a second sampling rate that is slower than the first sampling rate to perform the sampling of the magnetic field sensor or the at least one signal output therefrom, to thereby conserve power;
determining, based on results of the sampling, whether a magnetic field condition is detected, which when detected is indicative of the patient likely being within or otherwise exposed to an MRI system; and performing a mode switch to the MRI safe mode in response to determining, based on results of the sampling, that the magnetic field condition is detected. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the positional condition comprises the patient being at least one of supine or stationary. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the positional condition comprises the patient being both supine and stationary. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether the magnetic field condition is detected includes:
determining a measured magnetic field based on results of the sampling; using the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds to which to compare the measured magnetic field;
wherein during the first period of time, during which the positional condition is detected, selecting a first magnetic field threshold, and
wherein during the second period of time, during which the positional condition is not detected, selecting a second magnetic field threshold that is greater than the first magnetic field threshold;
comparing the measured magnetic field to the selected magnetic field threshold; determining that the magnetic field condition is detected based on the measured magnetic field exceeding the selected magnetic field threshold. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the positional condition comprises the patient being at least one of supine or stationary. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the positional condition comprises the patient being both supine and stationary. 7. An implantable medical device (IMD), comprising:
a magnetic field sensor; an accelerometer; and a controller configured to
use the accelerometer to determine whether a positional condition associated with the patient is detected;
control sampling of the magnetic field sensor or at least one signal output therefrom, such that
a first sampling rate is used when the positional condition is detected, and
a second sampling rate, that is slower than the first sampling rate, is used when the positional condition is not detected, to thereby conserve power;
determine, based on results of the sampling, whether a magnetic field condition is detected, which when detected is indicative of the patient likely being within or otherwise exposed to an MRI system; and
perform a mode switch to the MRI safe mode in response to the magnetic field condition being detected based on results of the sampling. 8. The IMD of claim 7, wherein the positional condition comprises one of the following:
the patient being supine; the patient being stationary; or the patient being supine and stationary. 9. The IMD of claim 7, wherein controller is further configured to:
determine a measured magnetic field based on results of the sampling; use the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds to which to compare the measured magnetic field;
wherein when the positional condition is detected, a first magnetic field threshold selected, and
wherein when the positional condition is not detected, a second magnetic field threshold is selected, which is greater than the first magnetic field threshold;
comparing the measured magnetic field to the selected magnetic field threshold; and determining that the magnetic field condition is detected based on the measured magnetic field exceeding the selected magnetic field threshold. 10. The IMD of claim 9, wherein the positional condition comprises one of the following:
the patient being supine; the patient being stationary; or the patient being supine and stationary. 11. A method for use with an implantable medical device (IMD) that is implanted within a patient, wherein the IMD includes a magnetic field sensor and an accelerometer and is capable of mode switching to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) safe mode, the method comprising:
using the magnetic field sensor to determine a measured magnetic field; using the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds, to which to compare the measured magnetic field; comparing the measured magnetic field to the selected magnetic field threshold; determining that the magnetic field condition is detected based on the measured magnetic field exceeding the selected magnetic field threshold; and performing a mode switch to the MRI safe mode in response to determining, based on the measured magnetic field exceeding the selected magnetic field threshold, that the magnetic field condition is detected. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the using the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds, to which to compare the measured magnetic field, comprises:
using the accelerometer to determine when the patient is supine; selecting a first magnetic field threshold when the patient is supine; and selecting a second magnetic field threshold, which is greater than the first magnetic field threshold, when the patient is not supine. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the using the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds, to which to compare the measured magnetic field, comprises:
using the accelerometer to determine when the patient is stationary; selecting a first magnetic field threshold when the patient is stationary; and selecting a second magnetic field threshold, which is greater than the first magnetic field threshold, when the patient is not stationary. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the using the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds, to which to compare the measured magnetic field, comprises:
using the accelerometer to determine when the patient is both supine and stationary; selecting a first magnetic field threshold when the patient is both supine and stationary; and selecting a second magnetic field threshold, which is greater than the first magnetic field threshold, when the patient is not both supine and stationary. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the using the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds, to which to compare the measured magnetic field, comprises:
using the accelerometer to determine when the patient is supine and to determine when the patient stationary; selecting a first magnetic field threshold when the patient is both supine and stationary; selecting a second magnetic field threshold, which is greater than the first magnetic field threshold, when the patient is only one of supine or stationary; and selecting a third magnetic field threshold, which is greater than the second magnetic field threshold, when the patient is neither supine nor stationary. 16. An implantable medical device (IMD), comprising:
a magnetic field sensor; an accelerometer; and a controller configured to
use the magnetic field sensor to determine a measured magnetic field;
use the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds, to which to compare the measured magnetic field;
compare the measured magnetic field to the selected magnetic field threshold;
determine that the magnetic field condition is detected based on the measured magnetic field exceeding the selected magnetic field threshold; and
perform a mode switch to the MRI safe mode in response to determining that the magnetic field condition is detected. 17. The IMD of claim 16, wherein in order to use the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds, to which to compare the measured magnetic field, the controller is configured to:
use the accelerometer to determine when the patient is supine; select a first magnetic field threshold when the patient is supine; and select a second magnetic field threshold, which is greater than the first magnetic field threshold, when the patient is not supine. 18. The IMD of claim 16, wherein in order to use the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds, to which to compare the measured magnetic field, the controller is configured to:
use the accelerometer to determine when the patient is stationary; select a first magnetic field threshold when the patient is stationary; and select a second magnetic field threshold, which is greater than the first magnetic field threshold, when the patient is not stationary. 19. The IMD of claim 16, wherein in order to use the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds, to which to compare the measured magnetic field, the controller is configured to:
use the accelerometer to determine when the patient is both supine and stationary; select a first magnetic field threshold when the patient is both supine and stationary; and select a second magnetic field threshold, which is greater than the first magnetic field threshold, when the patient is not both supine and stationary. 20. The IMD of claim 16, wherein in order to use the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds, to which to compare the measured magnetic field, the controller is configured to:
use the accelerometer to determine when the patient is supine and to determine when the patient stationary; select a first magnetic field threshold when the patient is both supine and stationary; select a second magnetic field threshold, which is greater than the first magnetic field threshold, when the patient is only one of supine or stationary; and select a third magnetic field threshold, which is greater than the second magnetic field threshold, when the patient is neither supine nor stationary.
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Embodiments describe herein generally pertain to implantable medical device (IMDs), and methods for use therewith, that can be used to automatically switch an IMD from its normal operational mode to an MRI safe mode, and vice versa, within increased specificity. In certain embodiments, a controller of the IMD uses a magnetic field sensor to determine whether a first magnetic field condition is detected, and uses an accelerometer to determine whether a positional condition is detected. In response to the first magnetic field condition being detected, and the positional condition being detected, the controller can use the magnetic field sensor to determine whether a second magnetic field condition is detected, which differs from the first magnetic field condition. The controller can then cause the IMD to enter the MRI safe mode based at least in part on the first and second magnetic field conditions and the positional condition being detected.1. A method for use with an implantable medical device (IMD) that is implanted within a patient, wherein the IMD includes a magnetic field sensor and an accelerometer and the IMD is capable of mode switching to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) safe mode, the method comprising:
using the accelerometer to determine whether a positional condition associated with the patient is detected; controlling sampling of the magnetic field sensor or at least one signal output therefrom, based on the positional condition associated with the patient,
wherein the controlling sampling includes
during a first period of time, during which the positional condition is detected, using a first sampling rate is to perform the sampling of the magnetic field sensor or the at least one signal output therefrom, and
during a second period of time, during which the positional condition is not detected, using a second sampling rate that is slower than the first sampling rate to perform the sampling of the magnetic field sensor or the at least one signal output therefrom, to thereby conserve power;
determining, based on results of the sampling, whether a magnetic field condition is detected, which when detected is indicative of the patient likely being within or otherwise exposed to an MRI system; and performing a mode switch to the MRI safe mode in response to determining, based on results of the sampling, that the magnetic field condition is detected. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the positional condition comprises the patient being at least one of supine or stationary. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the positional condition comprises the patient being both supine and stationary. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether the magnetic field condition is detected includes:
determining a measured magnetic field based on results of the sampling; using the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds to which to compare the measured magnetic field;
wherein during the first period of time, during which the positional condition is detected, selecting a first magnetic field threshold, and
wherein during the second period of time, during which the positional condition is not detected, selecting a second magnetic field threshold that is greater than the first magnetic field threshold;
comparing the measured magnetic field to the selected magnetic field threshold; determining that the magnetic field condition is detected based on the measured magnetic field exceeding the selected magnetic field threshold. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the positional condition comprises the patient being at least one of supine or stationary. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein the positional condition comprises the patient being both supine and stationary. 7. An implantable medical device (IMD), comprising:
a magnetic field sensor; an accelerometer; and a controller configured to
use the accelerometer to determine whether a positional condition associated with the patient is detected;
control sampling of the magnetic field sensor or at least one signal output therefrom, such that
a first sampling rate is used when the positional condition is detected, and
a second sampling rate, that is slower than the first sampling rate, is used when the positional condition is not detected, to thereby conserve power;
determine, based on results of the sampling, whether a magnetic field condition is detected, which when detected is indicative of the patient likely being within or otherwise exposed to an MRI system; and
perform a mode switch to the MRI safe mode in response to the magnetic field condition being detected based on results of the sampling. 8. The IMD of claim 7, wherein the positional condition comprises one of the following:
the patient being supine; the patient being stationary; or the patient being supine and stationary. 9. The IMD of claim 7, wherein controller is further configured to:
determine a measured magnetic field based on results of the sampling; use the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds to which to compare the measured magnetic field;
wherein when the positional condition is detected, a first magnetic field threshold selected, and
wherein when the positional condition is not detected, a second magnetic field threshold is selected, which is greater than the first magnetic field threshold;
comparing the measured magnetic field to the selected magnetic field threshold; and determining that the magnetic field condition is detected based on the measured magnetic field exceeding the selected magnetic field threshold. 10. The IMD of claim 9, wherein the positional condition comprises one of the following:
the patient being supine; the patient being stationary; or the patient being supine and stationary. 11. A method for use with an implantable medical device (IMD) that is implanted within a patient, wherein the IMD includes a magnetic field sensor and an accelerometer and is capable of mode switching to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) safe mode, the method comprising:
using the magnetic field sensor to determine a measured magnetic field; using the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds, to which to compare the measured magnetic field; comparing the measured magnetic field to the selected magnetic field threshold; determining that the magnetic field condition is detected based on the measured magnetic field exceeding the selected magnetic field threshold; and performing a mode switch to the MRI safe mode in response to determining, based on the measured magnetic field exceeding the selected magnetic field threshold, that the magnetic field condition is detected. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the using the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds, to which to compare the measured magnetic field, comprises:
using the accelerometer to determine when the patient is supine; selecting a first magnetic field threshold when the patient is supine; and selecting a second magnetic field threshold, which is greater than the first magnetic field threshold, when the patient is not supine. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the using the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds, to which to compare the measured magnetic field, comprises:
using the accelerometer to determine when the patient is stationary; selecting a first magnetic field threshold when the patient is stationary; and selecting a second magnetic field threshold, which is greater than the first magnetic field threshold, when the patient is not stationary. 14. The method of claim 11, wherein the using the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds, to which to compare the measured magnetic field, comprises:
using the accelerometer to determine when the patient is both supine and stationary; selecting a first magnetic field threshold when the patient is both supine and stationary; and selecting a second magnetic field threshold, which is greater than the first magnetic field threshold, when the patient is not both supine and stationary. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the using the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds, to which to compare the measured magnetic field, comprises:
using the accelerometer to determine when the patient is supine and to determine when the patient stationary; selecting a first magnetic field threshold when the patient is both supine and stationary; selecting a second magnetic field threshold, which is greater than the first magnetic field threshold, when the patient is only one of supine or stationary; and selecting a third magnetic field threshold, which is greater than the second magnetic field threshold, when the patient is neither supine nor stationary. 16. An implantable medical device (IMD), comprising:
a magnetic field sensor; an accelerometer; and a controller configured to
use the magnetic field sensor to determine a measured magnetic field;
use the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds, to which to compare the measured magnetic field;
compare the measured magnetic field to the selected magnetic field threshold;
determine that the magnetic field condition is detected based on the measured magnetic field exceeding the selected magnetic field threshold; and
perform a mode switch to the MRI safe mode in response to determining that the magnetic field condition is detected. 17. The IMD of claim 16, wherein in order to use the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds, to which to compare the measured magnetic field, the controller is configured to:
use the accelerometer to determine when the patient is supine; select a first magnetic field threshold when the patient is supine; and select a second magnetic field threshold, which is greater than the first magnetic field threshold, when the patient is not supine. 18. The IMD of claim 16, wherein in order to use the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds, to which to compare the measured magnetic field, the controller is configured to:
use the accelerometer to determine when the patient is stationary; select a first magnetic field threshold when the patient is stationary; and select a second magnetic field threshold, which is greater than the first magnetic field threshold, when the patient is not stationary. 19. The IMD of claim 16, wherein in order to use the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds, to which to compare the measured magnetic field, the controller is configured to:
use the accelerometer to determine when the patient is both supine and stationary; select a first magnetic field threshold when the patient is both supine and stationary; and select a second magnetic field threshold, which is greater than the first magnetic field threshold, when the patient is not both supine and stationary. 20. The IMD of claim 16, wherein in order to use the accelerometer to select one of a plurality of magnetic field thresholds, to which to compare the measured magnetic field, the controller is configured to:
use the accelerometer to determine when the patient is supine and to determine when the patient stationary; select a first magnetic field threshold when the patient is both supine and stationary; select a second magnetic field threshold, which is greater than the first magnetic field threshold, when the patient is only one of supine or stationary; and select a third magnetic field threshold, which is greater than the second magnetic field threshold, when the patient is neither supine nor stationary.
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The present disclosure relates to methods for forming a golf club head assembly comprising a golf club head body and a high strength faceplate. The high strength faceplate can be heat treated. After welding the faceplate to the club head body, vibrational waves can be used to relive stress in the weld heat affected zones of the golf club body and faceplate.
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1. A method of forming a golf club head assembly, the method comprising:
(a) providing a faceplate formed from a first material, (b) providing a golf club head body formed from a second material, wherein the first material is different than the second material, (c) heating the faceplate under a heat treatment, wherein the faceplate is heated to a temperature that is greater than the solvus temperature of the faceplate for a predetermined amount of time; (d) after heating the faceplate from step (c), allowing the faceplate to cool in an inert gas environment; (e) aligning the faceplate of step (a) with the club head body of step (b) after heating step (c) and cooling step (d); (f) welding the faceplate to the club head body to form a heat affected zone (HAZ) between the faceplate and the club head body to form a golf club head assembly; and (g) relieving the stress of the HAZ of the golf club head assembly by vibrational waves. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein step (g) further comprises the steps of:
(i) applying a mechanical cyclic vibration energy to the golf club assembly over a test frequency range; (ii) monitoring damping effects of energy flowing into the golf club head assembly as a function of frequency and identifying a plurality of orders of harmonic vibration absorption peaks, each consisting of a plurality of vibration absorption resonant peaks; (iii) selecting a particular harmonic vibration absorption peak among said plurality of harmonic vibration absorption peaks as a function of the golf club head assembly; and (iv) applying mechanical cycle vibration energy to the golf club head assembly for an extended period of time at said particular harmonic vibration absorption peak corresponding to a sub-harmonic frequency. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein step (g) further comprises the steps of:
(1) selecting a particular order of harmonics from among said plurality of orders as a function of the golf club head assembly; and (2) identifying a sub-harmonic frequency associated with said particular order of harmonics and corresponding to a vibration amplitude equal to approximately one-third of maximum vibrational amplitude of said particular order, and wherein applying the mechanical cyclic vibration energy to the golf club assembly of step (iv) of claim 2 comprises the step of applying said mechanical cyclic vibration energy to the golf club head assembly at said sub-harmonic frequency identified in step (2). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein welding the faceplate includes a pulse plasma welding process. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treatment of step (c) includes heating the faceplate for between 1 hour and 6 hours. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treatment of step (c) includes heating the faceplate to between 400° C. and 630° C. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treatment of step (c) includes heating the faceplate to between 475° C. and 625° C. for between 1 hour and 6 hours. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the inert gas of step (d) is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen (N), argon (Ar), helium (He), neon (Ne), krypton (Kr), and xenon (Xe) or a compound gas thereof. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the faceplate of step (a) has a minimum thickness of 0.7 mm. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the faceplate is formed from an α-β titanium alloy. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the α-β titanium alloy comprises between 6.5 wt % to 8.5 wt % aluminum (Al), 1.0 wt % to 2.0 wt % vanadium (V), 0.20 wt % or less oxygen (O), and 0.20 wt % or less silicon (Si). 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the α-β titanium alloy further comprises 0.30 wt % or less iron (Fe), 0.08 wt % or less carbon (C), 0.50 wt % or less nitrogen (N), trace molybdenum (Mo), trace tin (Sn), and the remaining weight percent is titanium (Ti). 13. A method of forming an iron type golf club head assembly, the method comprising:
(a) providing a welded portion formed from a first material, wherein the welded portion comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of: a faceplate, a front portion, a back portion, a lower back portion, a bottom portion, and a hosel portion; (b) providing a golf club head body formed from a second material, wherein the first material is different than the second material, (c) heating the welded portion under a first heat treatment, wherein the welded portion is heated to a temperature that is greater than the solvus temperature of the welded portion for a predetermined amount of time; (d) after heating the welded portion from step (c), allowing the welded portion to cool in an inert gas environment; (e) aligning the welded portion of step (a) with the club head body of step (b) after heating step (c), and cooling step (d); (f) welding the welded portion to the club head body after step (e) to form a heat affected zone (HAZ) between the welded portion and the club head body to form a golf club head assembly; and (g) relieving the stress of the HAZ of the golf club head assembly by using vibrational waves. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein step (g) further comprises the steps of:
(i) applying a mechanical cyclic vibration energy to the golf club assembly over a test frequency range; (ii) monitoring damping effects of energy flowing into the golf club head assembly as a function of frequency and identifying a plurality of orders of harmonic vibration absorption peaks, each consisting of a plurality of vibration absorption resonant peaks; (iii) selecting a particular harmonic vibration absorption peak among said plurality of harmonic vibration absorption peaks as a function of the golf club head assembly; and (iv) applying mechanical cycle vibration energy to the golf club head assembly for an extended period of time at said particular harmonic vibration absorption peak corresponding to a sub-harmonic frequency. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein step (g) further comprises the steps of:
(1) selecting a particular order of harmonics from among said plurality of orders as a function of the golf club head assembly; and (2) identifying a sub-harmonic frequency associated with said particular order of harmonics and corresponding to a vibration amplitude equal to approximately one-third of maximum vibrational amplitude of said particular order, and wherein applying the mechanical cyclic vibration energy to the golf club assembly of step (iv) of claim 2 comprises the step of applying said mechanical cyclic vibration energy to the golf club head assembly at said sub-harmonic frequency identified in step (2). 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the heat treatment of step (c) includes heating the faceplate for between 1 hour and 6 hours. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the heat treatment of step (c) includes heating the faceplate to between 400° C. and 630° C. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the heat treatment of step (c) includes heating the faceplate to between 475° C. and 625° C. for between 1 hour and 6 hours. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the inert gas of step (d) is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen (N), argon (Ar), helium (He), neon (Ne), krypton (Kr), and xenon (Xe) or a compound gas thereof. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the faceplate is formed from an α-β titanium alloy that comprises between 6.5 wt % to 8.5 wt % aluminum (Al), 1.0 wt % to 2.0 wt % vanadium (V), 0.20 wt % or less oxygen (O), and 0.20 wt % or less silicon (Si).
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The present disclosure relates to methods for forming a golf club head assembly comprising a golf club head body and a high strength faceplate. The high strength faceplate can be heat treated. After welding the faceplate to the club head body, vibrational waves can be used to relive stress in the weld heat affected zones of the golf club body and faceplate.1. A method of forming a golf club head assembly, the method comprising:
(a) providing a faceplate formed from a first material, (b) providing a golf club head body formed from a second material, wherein the first material is different than the second material, (c) heating the faceplate under a heat treatment, wherein the faceplate is heated to a temperature that is greater than the solvus temperature of the faceplate for a predetermined amount of time; (d) after heating the faceplate from step (c), allowing the faceplate to cool in an inert gas environment; (e) aligning the faceplate of step (a) with the club head body of step (b) after heating step (c) and cooling step (d); (f) welding the faceplate to the club head body to form a heat affected zone (HAZ) between the faceplate and the club head body to form a golf club head assembly; and (g) relieving the stress of the HAZ of the golf club head assembly by vibrational waves. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein step (g) further comprises the steps of:
(i) applying a mechanical cyclic vibration energy to the golf club assembly over a test frequency range; (ii) monitoring damping effects of energy flowing into the golf club head assembly as a function of frequency and identifying a plurality of orders of harmonic vibration absorption peaks, each consisting of a plurality of vibration absorption resonant peaks; (iii) selecting a particular harmonic vibration absorption peak among said plurality of harmonic vibration absorption peaks as a function of the golf club head assembly; and (iv) applying mechanical cycle vibration energy to the golf club head assembly for an extended period of time at said particular harmonic vibration absorption peak corresponding to a sub-harmonic frequency. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein step (g) further comprises the steps of:
(1) selecting a particular order of harmonics from among said plurality of orders as a function of the golf club head assembly; and (2) identifying a sub-harmonic frequency associated with said particular order of harmonics and corresponding to a vibration amplitude equal to approximately one-third of maximum vibrational amplitude of said particular order, and wherein applying the mechanical cyclic vibration energy to the golf club assembly of step (iv) of claim 2 comprises the step of applying said mechanical cyclic vibration energy to the golf club head assembly at said sub-harmonic frequency identified in step (2). 4. The method of claim 1, wherein welding the faceplate includes a pulse plasma welding process. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treatment of step (c) includes heating the faceplate for between 1 hour and 6 hours. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treatment of step (c) includes heating the faceplate to between 400° C. and 630° C. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the heat treatment of step (c) includes heating the faceplate to between 475° C. and 625° C. for between 1 hour and 6 hours. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the inert gas of step (d) is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen (N), argon (Ar), helium (He), neon (Ne), krypton (Kr), and xenon (Xe) or a compound gas thereof. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the faceplate of step (a) has a minimum thickness of 0.7 mm. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the faceplate is formed from an α-β titanium alloy. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the α-β titanium alloy comprises between 6.5 wt % to 8.5 wt % aluminum (Al), 1.0 wt % to 2.0 wt % vanadium (V), 0.20 wt % or less oxygen (O), and 0.20 wt % or less silicon (Si). 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the α-β titanium alloy further comprises 0.30 wt % or less iron (Fe), 0.08 wt % or less carbon (C), 0.50 wt % or less nitrogen (N), trace molybdenum (Mo), trace tin (Sn), and the remaining weight percent is titanium (Ti). 13. A method of forming an iron type golf club head assembly, the method comprising:
(a) providing a welded portion formed from a first material, wherein the welded portion comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of: a faceplate, a front portion, a back portion, a lower back portion, a bottom portion, and a hosel portion; (b) providing a golf club head body formed from a second material, wherein the first material is different than the second material, (c) heating the welded portion under a first heat treatment, wherein the welded portion is heated to a temperature that is greater than the solvus temperature of the welded portion for a predetermined amount of time; (d) after heating the welded portion from step (c), allowing the welded portion to cool in an inert gas environment; (e) aligning the welded portion of step (a) with the club head body of step (b) after heating step (c), and cooling step (d); (f) welding the welded portion to the club head body after step (e) to form a heat affected zone (HAZ) between the welded portion and the club head body to form a golf club head assembly; and (g) relieving the stress of the HAZ of the golf club head assembly by using vibrational waves. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein step (g) further comprises the steps of:
(i) applying a mechanical cyclic vibration energy to the golf club assembly over a test frequency range; (ii) monitoring damping effects of energy flowing into the golf club head assembly as a function of frequency and identifying a plurality of orders of harmonic vibration absorption peaks, each consisting of a plurality of vibration absorption resonant peaks; (iii) selecting a particular harmonic vibration absorption peak among said plurality of harmonic vibration absorption peaks as a function of the golf club head assembly; and (iv) applying mechanical cycle vibration energy to the golf club head assembly for an extended period of time at said particular harmonic vibration absorption peak corresponding to a sub-harmonic frequency. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein step (g) further comprises the steps of:
(1) selecting a particular order of harmonics from among said plurality of orders as a function of the golf club head assembly; and (2) identifying a sub-harmonic frequency associated with said particular order of harmonics and corresponding to a vibration amplitude equal to approximately one-third of maximum vibrational amplitude of said particular order, and wherein applying the mechanical cyclic vibration energy to the golf club assembly of step (iv) of claim 2 comprises the step of applying said mechanical cyclic vibration energy to the golf club head assembly at said sub-harmonic frequency identified in step (2). 16. The method of claim 13, wherein the heat treatment of step (c) includes heating the faceplate for between 1 hour and 6 hours. 17. The method of claim 13, wherein the heat treatment of step (c) includes heating the faceplate to between 400° C. and 630° C. 18. The method of claim 13, wherein the heat treatment of step (c) includes heating the faceplate to between 475° C. and 625° C. for between 1 hour and 6 hours. 19. The method of claim 13, wherein the inert gas of step (d) is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen (N), argon (Ar), helium (He), neon (Ne), krypton (Kr), and xenon (Xe) or a compound gas thereof. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the faceplate is formed from an α-β titanium alloy that comprises between 6.5 wt % to 8.5 wt % aluminum (Al), 1.0 wt % to 2.0 wt % vanadium (V), 0.20 wt % or less oxygen (O), and 0.20 wt % or less silicon (Si).
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A vehicle display device includes a first display unit disposed in a first portion of a vehicle and including a first display panel to display a first image and a first power supply to supply a first power supply voltage to the first display panel, the first power supply configured to detect an abnormality of a signal output to the first display panel to generate a first shut-down control signal; a second display unit disposed in a second portion of the vehicle and including a second display panel to display a second image and a second power supply to supply a second power supply voltage to the second display panel, the second power supply configured to detect an abnormality of a signal output to the second display panel to generate a second shut-down control signal; a third display unit disposed in a third portion of the vehicle and configured to display a third image or at least one of the first and second images; and a controller to receive first image data corresponding to the first image, second image data corresponding to the second image, and third image data corresponding to the third image to provide the received first image data, the received second image data, and the received third image data to the first display unit, the second display unit, and the third display unit, respectively. The controller is configured to supply the first image data to the third display unit in response to the first shut-down control signal, and to supply the second image data to the third display unit in response to the second shut-down control signal.
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1. A vehicle display device comprising:
a first display unit disposed in a first portion of a vehicle and including a first display panel to display a first image and a first power supply to supply a first power supply voltage to the first display panel, the first power supply configured to detect an abnormality of a signal output to the first display panel to generate a first shut-down control signal; a second display unit disposed in a second portion of the vehicle and including a second display panel to display a second image and a second power supply to supply a second power supply voltage to the second display panel, the second power supply configured to detect an abnormality of a signal output to the second display panel to generate a second shut-down control signal; a third display unit disposed in a third portion of the vehicle and configured to display a third image or at least one of the first and second images; and a controller to receive first image data corresponding to the first image, second image data corresponding to the second image, and third image data corresponding to the third image to provide the first image data, the second image data, and the third image data to the first display unit, the second display unit, and the third display unit, respectively, wherein the controller is configured to supply the first image data to the third display unit in response to the first shut-down control signal, and to supply the second image data to the third display unit in response to the second shut-down control signal. 2. The vehicle display device of claim 1, wherein the first power supply comprises:
a first overcurrent protection circuit to detect a current output from the first power supply, and to generate the first shut-down control signal when the detected current is greater than or equal to a reference current; and a first short circuit protection circuit to detect a voltage level output from the first power supply, and to generate the first shut-down control signal when the detected voltage level is less than or equal to a reference voltage level. 3. The vehicle display device of claim 2, wherein the first power supply is configured to output the first shut-down control signal to the controller when the first shut-down control signal is output from at least one of the first overcurrent protection circuit and the first short circuit protection circuit. 4. The vehicle display device of claim 3, wherein the first power supply further comprises a timer to detect a time during which the first shut-down control signal is generated, and
the first power supply is configured to output the first shut-down control signal to the controller when the first shut-down control signal is detected for a predetermined reference time or more. 5. The vehicle display device of claim 1, wherein the second power supply comprises:
a second overcurrent protection circuit to detect a current of the second power supply voltage output, and to generate the second shut-down control signal when the detected current is greater than or equal to a reference current; and a second short circuit protection circuit to detect a voltage level of the second power supply voltage output, and to generate the second shut-down control signal when the detected voltage level is less than or equal to a reference voltage level. 6. The vehicle display device of claim 5, wherein the second power supply is configured to output the second shut-down control signal to the controller when the second shut-down control signal is output from at least one of the second overcurrent protection circuit and the second short circuit protection circuit. 7. The vehicle display device of claim 6, wherein the second power supply further comprises a timer to detect a time during which the second shut-down control signal is generated, and
the second power supply is configured to output the second shut-down control signal to the controller when the second shut-down control signal is detected for a predetermined reference time or more. 8. The vehicle display device of claim 1, wherein the first power supply is configured to shut down based on the first shut-down control signal, and
the second power supply is configured to shut down based on the second shut-down control signal. 9. The vehicle display device of claim 1, wherein the first image corresponds to a left rear image of the vehicle,
the second image corresponds to a right rear image of the vehicle, and the third image corresponds to an informational image of the vehicle. 10. The vehicle display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a first camera disposed on a first side of an exterior of the vehicle, and configured to capture the first image to provide the first image data to the controller; and a second camera disposed on a second side of the exterior of the vehicle, and configured to capture the second image to provide the second image data to the controller. 11. The vehicle display device of claim 1, wherein the first image corresponding to the first image data is displayed on the third display unit when the first shut-down control signal is supplied to the controller. 12. The vehicle display device of claim 1, wherein the second image corresponding to the second image data is displayed on the third display unit when the second shut-down control signal is supplied to the controller. 13. The vehicle display device of claim 1, wherein the first image corresponding to the first image data and the second image corresponding to the second image data are simultaneously displayed on the third display unit when the first shut-down control signal and the second shut-down control signal are simultaneously supplied to the controller. 14. A method of driving a vehicle display device, the method comprising the steps of:
supplying first image data corresponding to a first image to a first display unit disposed in a first portion of a vehicle; supplying second image data corresponding to a second image to a second display unit disposed in a second portion of the vehicle; supplying third image data corresponding to a third image to a third display unit disposed in a third portion of the vehicle; detecting an abnormality of the first display unit to generate a first shut-down control signal; supplying the first image data to the third display unit in response to the first shut-down control signal; detecting an abnormality of the second display unit to generate a second shut-down control signal; and supplying the second image data to the third display unit in response to the second shut-down control signal. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of detecting the abnormality of the first display unit further comprises the steps of:
detecting a current of a first power supply voltage output from a first power supply included in the first display unit; and detecting a voltage level of the first power supply voltage output from the first power supply. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first power supply shuts down based on the first shut-down control signal. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of detecting the abnormality of the second display unit further comprises the steps of:
detecting a current of a second power supply voltage output from a second power supply included in the second display unit; and detecting a voltage level of the second power supply voltage output from the second power supply. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the second power supply shuts down based on the second shut-down control signal. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the first image data is provided by a first camera disposed on a first side of an exterior of the vehicle, and
the second image data is provided by a second camera disposed on a second side of the exterior of the vehicle. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the first image corresponds to a left rear image of the vehicle,
the second image corresponds to a right rear image of the vehicle, and the third image corresponds to an informational image of the vehicle.
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A vehicle display device includes a first display unit disposed in a first portion of a vehicle and including a first display panel to display a first image and a first power supply to supply a first power supply voltage to the first display panel, the first power supply configured to detect an abnormality of a signal output to the first display panel to generate a first shut-down control signal; a second display unit disposed in a second portion of the vehicle and including a second display panel to display a second image and a second power supply to supply a second power supply voltage to the second display panel, the second power supply configured to detect an abnormality of a signal output to the second display panel to generate a second shut-down control signal; a third display unit disposed in a third portion of the vehicle and configured to display a third image or at least one of the first and second images; and a controller to receive first image data corresponding to the first image, second image data corresponding to the second image, and third image data corresponding to the third image to provide the received first image data, the received second image data, and the received third image data to the first display unit, the second display unit, and the third display unit, respectively. The controller is configured to supply the first image data to the third display unit in response to the first shut-down control signal, and to supply the second image data to the third display unit in response to the second shut-down control signal.1. A vehicle display device comprising:
a first display unit disposed in a first portion of a vehicle and including a first display panel to display a first image and a first power supply to supply a first power supply voltage to the first display panel, the first power supply configured to detect an abnormality of a signal output to the first display panel to generate a first shut-down control signal; a second display unit disposed in a second portion of the vehicle and including a second display panel to display a second image and a second power supply to supply a second power supply voltage to the second display panel, the second power supply configured to detect an abnormality of a signal output to the second display panel to generate a second shut-down control signal; a third display unit disposed in a third portion of the vehicle and configured to display a third image or at least one of the first and second images; and a controller to receive first image data corresponding to the first image, second image data corresponding to the second image, and third image data corresponding to the third image to provide the first image data, the second image data, and the third image data to the first display unit, the second display unit, and the third display unit, respectively, wherein the controller is configured to supply the first image data to the third display unit in response to the first shut-down control signal, and to supply the second image data to the third display unit in response to the second shut-down control signal. 2. The vehicle display device of claim 1, wherein the first power supply comprises:
a first overcurrent protection circuit to detect a current output from the first power supply, and to generate the first shut-down control signal when the detected current is greater than or equal to a reference current; and a first short circuit protection circuit to detect a voltage level output from the first power supply, and to generate the first shut-down control signal when the detected voltage level is less than or equal to a reference voltage level. 3. The vehicle display device of claim 2, wherein the first power supply is configured to output the first shut-down control signal to the controller when the first shut-down control signal is output from at least one of the first overcurrent protection circuit and the first short circuit protection circuit. 4. The vehicle display device of claim 3, wherein the first power supply further comprises a timer to detect a time during which the first shut-down control signal is generated, and
the first power supply is configured to output the first shut-down control signal to the controller when the first shut-down control signal is detected for a predetermined reference time or more. 5. The vehicle display device of claim 1, wherein the second power supply comprises:
a second overcurrent protection circuit to detect a current of the second power supply voltage output, and to generate the second shut-down control signal when the detected current is greater than or equal to a reference current; and a second short circuit protection circuit to detect a voltage level of the second power supply voltage output, and to generate the second shut-down control signal when the detected voltage level is less than or equal to a reference voltage level. 6. The vehicle display device of claim 5, wherein the second power supply is configured to output the second shut-down control signal to the controller when the second shut-down control signal is output from at least one of the second overcurrent protection circuit and the second short circuit protection circuit. 7. The vehicle display device of claim 6, wherein the second power supply further comprises a timer to detect a time during which the second shut-down control signal is generated, and
the second power supply is configured to output the second shut-down control signal to the controller when the second shut-down control signal is detected for a predetermined reference time or more. 8. The vehicle display device of claim 1, wherein the first power supply is configured to shut down based on the first shut-down control signal, and
the second power supply is configured to shut down based on the second shut-down control signal. 9. The vehicle display device of claim 1, wherein the first image corresponds to a left rear image of the vehicle,
the second image corresponds to a right rear image of the vehicle, and the third image corresponds to an informational image of the vehicle. 10. The vehicle display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a first camera disposed on a first side of an exterior of the vehicle, and configured to capture the first image to provide the first image data to the controller; and a second camera disposed on a second side of the exterior of the vehicle, and configured to capture the second image to provide the second image data to the controller. 11. The vehicle display device of claim 1, wherein the first image corresponding to the first image data is displayed on the third display unit when the first shut-down control signal is supplied to the controller. 12. The vehicle display device of claim 1, wherein the second image corresponding to the second image data is displayed on the third display unit when the second shut-down control signal is supplied to the controller. 13. The vehicle display device of claim 1, wherein the first image corresponding to the first image data and the second image corresponding to the second image data are simultaneously displayed on the third display unit when the first shut-down control signal and the second shut-down control signal are simultaneously supplied to the controller. 14. A method of driving a vehicle display device, the method comprising the steps of:
supplying first image data corresponding to a first image to a first display unit disposed in a first portion of a vehicle; supplying second image data corresponding to a second image to a second display unit disposed in a second portion of the vehicle; supplying third image data corresponding to a third image to a third display unit disposed in a third portion of the vehicle; detecting an abnormality of the first display unit to generate a first shut-down control signal; supplying the first image data to the third display unit in response to the first shut-down control signal; detecting an abnormality of the second display unit to generate a second shut-down control signal; and supplying the second image data to the third display unit in response to the second shut-down control signal. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of detecting the abnormality of the first display unit further comprises the steps of:
detecting a current of a first power supply voltage output from a first power supply included in the first display unit; and detecting a voltage level of the first power supply voltage output from the first power supply. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the first power supply shuts down based on the first shut-down control signal. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of detecting the abnormality of the second display unit further comprises the steps of:
detecting a current of a second power supply voltage output from a second power supply included in the second display unit; and detecting a voltage level of the second power supply voltage output from the second power supply. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the second power supply shuts down based on the second shut-down control signal. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the first image data is provided by a first camera disposed on a first side of an exterior of the vehicle, and
the second image data is provided by a second camera disposed on a second side of the exterior of the vehicle. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the first image corresponds to a left rear image of the vehicle,
the second image corresponds to a right rear image of the vehicle, and the third image corresponds to an informational image of the vehicle.
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An information processing system includes: an information processing apparatus; and a position indicator configured to input position information to the information processing apparatus. The position indicator includes: a first sensor configured to detect a movement amount of a fingertip of a user, a second sensor configured to detect a tilt of the position indicator, and a transmission section configured to transmit data indicative of the movement amount detected by the first sensor and of the tilt detected by the second sensor. The information processing apparatus includes: a reception section configured to receive the data transmitted from the position indicator, and a first processor configured to control a movement of a display object displayed on a display screen on the basis of the tilt and the movement amount indicated by the data received by the reception section.
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1. An information processing system comprising:
an information processing apparatus; and a position indicator configured to input position information to the information processing apparatus, wherein the position indicator includes
a first sensor configured to detect a movement amount of a fingertip of a user,
a second sensor configured to detect a tilt of the position indicator, and
a transmission section configured to transmit data indicative of the movement amount detected by the first sensor and of the tilt detected by the second sensor, and
the information processing apparatus includes
a reception section configured to receive the data transmitted from the position indicator, and
a first processor configured to control a movement of a display object displayed on a display screen on a basis of the tilt and the movement amount indicated by the data received by the reception section. 2. The information processing system according to claim 1, wherein
the position indicator further includes a second processor configured to operate in one of a first mode and a second mode, the first mode being a mode in which the position indicator inputs position information to the information processing apparatus, the second mode being a mode in which the position indicator controls the information processing apparatus, and when the second processor enters the second mode, the transmission section transmits the data. 3. The information processing system according to claim 2, wherein
the second processor, when entering the first mode, transmits a signal via an electrode attached to a tip of the position indicator. 4. The information processing system according to claim 3, wherein
the transmission section transmits the data by near field communication that differs from communication via the electrode. 5. The information processing system according to claim 2, wherein
the information processing apparatus further includes a sensor controller configured to detect, via a touch sensor, a position pointed by the position indicator, and the second processor enters the second mode when not receiving an uplink signal transmitted from the sensor controller via a capacitive field generated by the touch sensor. 6. The information processing system according to claim 2, wherein
the information processing apparatus further includes a sensor controller configured to detect, via a touch sensor, a position pointed by the position indicator, and the second processor enters the first mode when receiving an uplink signal transmitted from the sensor controller via a capacitive field generated by the touch sensor. 7. The information processing system according to claim 2, wherein
the position indictor further includes a switch that may be operated by the user, and the second processor enters either the first mode or the second mode depending on an operating state of the switch. 8. The information processing system according to claim 2, wherein
when the position pointed by the position indicator is moved into a predetermined region provided in the display screen, the first processor transmits to the position indicator an order to switch to the second mode, and upon receipt of the order to switch to the second mode, the second processor enters the second mode. 9. The information processing system according to claim 8, wherein
when the position pointed by the position indicator is moved out of the predetermined region, the first processor transmits to the position indicator an order to switch to the first mode, and upon receipt of the order to switch to the first mode, the second processor enters the first mode. 10. The information processing system according to claim 1, wherein
the movement of the display object controlled by the first processor involves the first processor selecting the display object based on the tilt indicated by the data received by the reception section, before moving the selected display object by the movement amount indicated by the data received by the reception section. 11. The information processing system according to claim 10, wherein
the first processor changes a direction of the movement of the display object in accordance with a sign of the movement amount. 12. The information processing system according to claim 1, wherein
when the tilt indicated by the data received by the reception section takes a first value, the first processor moves a first scroll bar displayed on the display screen by the movement amount indicated by the data received by the reception section, and when the tilt indicated by the data received by the reception section takes a second value, the first processor moves a second scroll bar different from the first scroll bar by the movement amount indicated by the data received by the reception section. 13. The information processing system according to claim 12, wherein
the first scroll bar is a horizontal scroll bar, the second scroll bar is a vertical scroll bar, the first value falls in a predetermined angular range relative to horizontal, and the second value is outside the predetermined angular range relative to the horizontal. 14. The information processing system according to claim 12, wherein
the first processor executes an application program stored in a memory so as to display on the display screen a graphical user interface that includes the first scroll bar and the second scroll bar. 15. A position indicator for inputting position information to an information processing apparatus, the position indicator comprising:
a first sensor configured to detect a movement amount of a fingertip of a user; a second sensor configured to detect a tilt of the position indicator; and a transmission section configured to transmit data indicative of the movement amount detected by the first sensor and of the tilt detected by the second sensor. 16. The position indicator according to claim 15, further comprising:
a processor configured to operate in one of a first mode and a second mode, the first mode being a mode in which the position indicator inputs position information to the information processing apparatus, the second mode being a mode in which the position indicator controls the information processing apparatus, wherein when the processor enters the second mode, the transmission section transmits the data. 17. The position indicator according to claim 16, wherein
the processor enters the second mode when not receiving an uplink signal transmitted from a sensor controller of the information processing apparatus via a capacitive field generated by a touch sensor of the information processing apparatus. 18. The position indicator according to claim 16, wherein
the processor enters the first mode when receiving an uplink signal transmitted from a sensor controller of the information processing apparatus via a capacitive field generated by a touch sensor of the information processing apparatus. 19. The position indicator according to claim 16, further comprising:
a switch that may be operated by the user, wherein the processor enters either the first mode or the second mode depending on an operating state of the switch. 20. A method for use with an information processing system including an information processing apparatus and a position indicator configured to input position information to the information processing apparatus, the method being devised to control a movement of a display object displayed on a display screen of the information processing apparatus, the method comprising:
causing the position indicator to detect a movement amount of a fingertip of a user; causing the position indicator to detect a tilt of the position indicator; causing the position indicator to transmit data indicative of the detected movement amount and of the detected tilt; causing the information processing apparatus to receive the data transmitted from the position indicator; and
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An information processing system includes: an information processing apparatus; and a position indicator configured to input position information to the information processing apparatus. The position indicator includes: a first sensor configured to detect a movement amount of a fingertip of a user, a second sensor configured to detect a tilt of the position indicator, and a transmission section configured to transmit data indicative of the movement amount detected by the first sensor and of the tilt detected by the second sensor. The information processing apparatus includes: a reception section configured to receive the data transmitted from the position indicator, and a first processor configured to control a movement of a display object displayed on a display screen on the basis of the tilt and the movement amount indicated by the data received by the reception section.1. An information processing system comprising:
an information processing apparatus; and a position indicator configured to input position information to the information processing apparatus, wherein the position indicator includes
a first sensor configured to detect a movement amount of a fingertip of a user,
a second sensor configured to detect a tilt of the position indicator, and
a transmission section configured to transmit data indicative of the movement amount detected by the first sensor and of the tilt detected by the second sensor, and
the information processing apparatus includes
a reception section configured to receive the data transmitted from the position indicator, and
a first processor configured to control a movement of a display object displayed on a display screen on a basis of the tilt and the movement amount indicated by the data received by the reception section. 2. The information processing system according to claim 1, wherein
the position indicator further includes a second processor configured to operate in one of a first mode and a second mode, the first mode being a mode in which the position indicator inputs position information to the information processing apparatus, the second mode being a mode in which the position indicator controls the information processing apparatus, and when the second processor enters the second mode, the transmission section transmits the data. 3. The information processing system according to claim 2, wherein
the second processor, when entering the first mode, transmits a signal via an electrode attached to a tip of the position indicator. 4. The information processing system according to claim 3, wherein
the transmission section transmits the data by near field communication that differs from communication via the electrode. 5. The information processing system according to claim 2, wherein
the information processing apparatus further includes a sensor controller configured to detect, via a touch sensor, a position pointed by the position indicator, and the second processor enters the second mode when not receiving an uplink signal transmitted from the sensor controller via a capacitive field generated by the touch sensor. 6. The information processing system according to claim 2, wherein
the information processing apparatus further includes a sensor controller configured to detect, via a touch sensor, a position pointed by the position indicator, and the second processor enters the first mode when receiving an uplink signal transmitted from the sensor controller via a capacitive field generated by the touch sensor. 7. The information processing system according to claim 2, wherein
the position indictor further includes a switch that may be operated by the user, and the second processor enters either the first mode or the second mode depending on an operating state of the switch. 8. The information processing system according to claim 2, wherein
when the position pointed by the position indicator is moved into a predetermined region provided in the display screen, the first processor transmits to the position indicator an order to switch to the second mode, and upon receipt of the order to switch to the second mode, the second processor enters the second mode. 9. The information processing system according to claim 8, wherein
when the position pointed by the position indicator is moved out of the predetermined region, the first processor transmits to the position indicator an order to switch to the first mode, and upon receipt of the order to switch to the first mode, the second processor enters the first mode. 10. The information processing system according to claim 1, wherein
the movement of the display object controlled by the first processor involves the first processor selecting the display object based on the tilt indicated by the data received by the reception section, before moving the selected display object by the movement amount indicated by the data received by the reception section. 11. The information processing system according to claim 10, wherein
the first processor changes a direction of the movement of the display object in accordance with a sign of the movement amount. 12. The information processing system according to claim 1, wherein
when the tilt indicated by the data received by the reception section takes a first value, the first processor moves a first scroll bar displayed on the display screen by the movement amount indicated by the data received by the reception section, and when the tilt indicated by the data received by the reception section takes a second value, the first processor moves a second scroll bar different from the first scroll bar by the movement amount indicated by the data received by the reception section. 13. The information processing system according to claim 12, wherein
the first scroll bar is a horizontal scroll bar, the second scroll bar is a vertical scroll bar, the first value falls in a predetermined angular range relative to horizontal, and the second value is outside the predetermined angular range relative to the horizontal. 14. The information processing system according to claim 12, wherein
the first processor executes an application program stored in a memory so as to display on the display screen a graphical user interface that includes the first scroll bar and the second scroll bar. 15. A position indicator for inputting position information to an information processing apparatus, the position indicator comprising:
a first sensor configured to detect a movement amount of a fingertip of a user; a second sensor configured to detect a tilt of the position indicator; and a transmission section configured to transmit data indicative of the movement amount detected by the first sensor and of the tilt detected by the second sensor. 16. The position indicator according to claim 15, further comprising:
a processor configured to operate in one of a first mode and a second mode, the first mode being a mode in which the position indicator inputs position information to the information processing apparatus, the second mode being a mode in which the position indicator controls the information processing apparatus, wherein when the processor enters the second mode, the transmission section transmits the data. 17. The position indicator according to claim 16, wherein
the processor enters the second mode when not receiving an uplink signal transmitted from a sensor controller of the information processing apparatus via a capacitive field generated by a touch sensor of the information processing apparatus. 18. The position indicator according to claim 16, wherein
the processor enters the first mode when receiving an uplink signal transmitted from a sensor controller of the information processing apparatus via a capacitive field generated by a touch sensor of the information processing apparatus. 19. The position indicator according to claim 16, further comprising:
a switch that may be operated by the user, wherein the processor enters either the first mode or the second mode depending on an operating state of the switch. 20. A method for use with an information processing system including an information processing apparatus and a position indicator configured to input position information to the information processing apparatus, the method being devised to control a movement of a display object displayed on a display screen of the information processing apparatus, the method comprising:
causing the position indicator to detect a movement amount of a fingertip of a user; causing the position indicator to detect a tilt of the position indicator; causing the position indicator to transmit data indicative of the detected movement amount and of the detected tilt; causing the information processing apparatus to receive the data transmitted from the position indicator; and
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An eyepiece unit for projecting an image to an eye of a viewer includes an eyepiece having a world side and a viewer side opposite the world side. The eyepiece includes an input coupling diffractive optical element, an orthogonal pupil expander diffractive optical element, and an exit pupil expander diffractive optical element. The eyepiece unit also includes a curved cosmetic lens disposed adjacent the world side of the eyepiece and a polarizer disposed adjacent the world side of the eyepiece.
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1. An eyepiece unit for projecting an image to an eye of a viewer, the eyepiece unit comprising:
an eyepiece having a world side and a viewer side opposite the world side, wherein the eyepiece comprises:
an input coupling diffractive optical element;
an orthogonal pupil expander diffractive optical element; and
an exit pupil expander diffractive optical element;
a curved cosmetic lens disposed adjacent the world side of the eyepiece; and a polarizer disposed adjacent the world side of the eyepiece. 2. The eyepiece unit of claim 1 wherein the polarizer comprises a wire grid polarizer including a wire grid. 3. The eyepiece unit of claim 2 wherein the eyepiece, the curved cosmetic lens, and the polarizer are positioned along an optical axis, and wherein the wire grid of the wire grid polarizer is oriented orthogonal to the optical axis. 4. The eyepiece unit of claim 2 further comprising:
a liquid crystal element disposed between the wire grid polarizer and the curved cosmetic lens; and
a dichroic polarizer disposed between the liquid crystal element and the curved cosmetic lens. 5. The eyepiece unit of claim 4 wherein the wire grid polarizer and the dichroic polarizer are operable to transmit light having a first polarization. 6. The eyepiece unit of claim 2 wherein the wire grid polarizer is laminated to the eyepiece. 7. The eyepiece unit of claim 2 wherein the wire grid polarizer is operable to transmit light having a first polarization and reflect light having a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization. 8. The eyepiece unit of claim 7 wherein the eyepiece is characterized by a polarization sensitivity for light at angles of incidence greater than 37 degrees. 9. The eyepiece unit of claim 8 wherein the polarization sensitivity is characterized by a ratio of a coupling efficiency for light having the second polarization to a coupling efficiency for light having the first polarization of greater than one. 10. The eyepiece unit of claim 9 wherein the ratio is greater than 3:1. 11. The eyepiece unit of claim 10 wherein the ratio is greater than 20:1. 12. The eyepiece unit of claim 1 wherein the input coupling diffractive optical element comprises a grating, the orthogonal pupil expander diffractive optical element comprises a grating, and the exit pupil expander diffractive optical element comprises a grating. 13. The eyepiece unit of claim 1 wherein the polarizer comprises an absorptive polarizer. 14. The eyepiece unit of claim 13 wherein the absorptive polarizer is operable to transmit light having a first polarization and absorb light having a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization. 15. The eyepiece unit of claim 13 wherein the absorptive polarizer comprises an dichroic polarizer. 16. The eyepiece unit of claim 1, further comprising a waveplate disposed between the eyepiece and the polarizer. 17. The eyepiece unit of claim 16 wherein the waveplate comprises a quarter waveplate at a visible wavelength at angles of incidence greater than 37 degrees. 18. The eyepiece unit of claim 1 wherein the polarizer is disposed between the eyepiece and the curved cosmetic lens. 19. The eyepiece unit of claim 1 wherein the curved cosmetic lens is characterized by an optical power.
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An eyepiece unit for projecting an image to an eye of a viewer includes an eyepiece having a world side and a viewer side opposite the world side. The eyepiece includes an input coupling diffractive optical element, an orthogonal pupil expander diffractive optical element, and an exit pupil expander diffractive optical element. The eyepiece unit also includes a curved cosmetic lens disposed adjacent the world side of the eyepiece and a polarizer disposed adjacent the world side of the eyepiece.1. An eyepiece unit for projecting an image to an eye of a viewer, the eyepiece unit comprising:
an eyepiece having a world side and a viewer side opposite the world side, wherein the eyepiece comprises:
an input coupling diffractive optical element;
an orthogonal pupil expander diffractive optical element; and
an exit pupil expander diffractive optical element;
a curved cosmetic lens disposed adjacent the world side of the eyepiece; and a polarizer disposed adjacent the world side of the eyepiece. 2. The eyepiece unit of claim 1 wherein the polarizer comprises a wire grid polarizer including a wire grid. 3. The eyepiece unit of claim 2 wherein the eyepiece, the curved cosmetic lens, and the polarizer are positioned along an optical axis, and wherein the wire grid of the wire grid polarizer is oriented orthogonal to the optical axis. 4. The eyepiece unit of claim 2 further comprising:
a liquid crystal element disposed between the wire grid polarizer and the curved cosmetic lens; and
a dichroic polarizer disposed between the liquid crystal element and the curved cosmetic lens. 5. The eyepiece unit of claim 4 wherein the wire grid polarizer and the dichroic polarizer are operable to transmit light having a first polarization. 6. The eyepiece unit of claim 2 wherein the wire grid polarizer is laminated to the eyepiece. 7. The eyepiece unit of claim 2 wherein the wire grid polarizer is operable to transmit light having a first polarization and reflect light having a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization. 8. The eyepiece unit of claim 7 wherein the eyepiece is characterized by a polarization sensitivity for light at angles of incidence greater than 37 degrees. 9. The eyepiece unit of claim 8 wherein the polarization sensitivity is characterized by a ratio of a coupling efficiency for light having the second polarization to a coupling efficiency for light having the first polarization of greater than one. 10. The eyepiece unit of claim 9 wherein the ratio is greater than 3:1. 11. The eyepiece unit of claim 10 wherein the ratio is greater than 20:1. 12. The eyepiece unit of claim 1 wherein the input coupling diffractive optical element comprises a grating, the orthogonal pupil expander diffractive optical element comprises a grating, and the exit pupil expander diffractive optical element comprises a grating. 13. The eyepiece unit of claim 1 wherein the polarizer comprises an absorptive polarizer. 14. The eyepiece unit of claim 13 wherein the absorptive polarizer is operable to transmit light having a first polarization and absorb light having a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization. 15. The eyepiece unit of claim 13 wherein the absorptive polarizer comprises an dichroic polarizer. 16. The eyepiece unit of claim 1, further comprising a waveplate disposed between the eyepiece and the polarizer. 17. The eyepiece unit of claim 16 wherein the waveplate comprises a quarter waveplate at a visible wavelength at angles of incidence greater than 37 degrees. 18. The eyepiece unit of claim 1 wherein the polarizer is disposed between the eyepiece and the curved cosmetic lens. 19. The eyepiece unit of claim 1 wherein the curved cosmetic lens is characterized by an optical power.
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The present disclosure relates to a robotic apparatus and methods for automatic nail polish application on natural or artificial finger or toe nails.
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1. A system for automatically polishing a nail of a user including:
an end-effector having
a cartridge receiving unit,
a cartridge including nail polish, and
a nozzle;
a sensor, to generate target signals from a target location; a nail determination unit, receiving said target signals, to automatically identify the nail of the user in said target location; a motion planning unit, for automatically generating a motion path for said end-effector to position said end-effector such that said nozzle is directed toward said target location; a motion platform, to automatically move said end-effector in accordance with the motion path; and a dispensing unit to automatically dispense nail polish in said cartridge through said nozzle toward said target location. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a safety module, receiving signals from said nail determination unit, to determine when a position of a nail has moved and to stop said dispensing unit from dispensing nail polish if said position of a nail has moved. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein said safety module, determines whether the position of the nail has moved by comparing the position of the nail at a first and second time and identifying that the nail has moved if the position of the nail at said second time is greater that a first threshold distance away from the position of the nail at said first time. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein said dispensing unit includes a pressure application unit to apply a first pressure to said polish to generate a first flow rate of said polish through said nozzle. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein said motion platform moves said end-effector in three dimensions along said motion path. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising
a nail treatment plan input module, for receiving treatment information about the selected type of nail polish treatment and transmitting said treatment information to said dispensing unit. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein said nail treatment input module is positioned on said system for automatically polishing the nail. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein said nail treatment input module is an application that can operate on a remote device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein said remote device is at least one of a phone, watch, computing device, or wearable. 10. The system of claim 6, wherein said polish treatment can include one or more of a single-color coat polish, a two-tone color coat polish, a two-tone vertical split nail art polish, a two tone-horizontal blended nail art polish, a colored tips nail polish, a multi-colored polish on different nails, a French manicure, and a regular lacquer polish. 11. A method for automatically polishing a nail of user including the steps of:
automatically sensing a nail at a target location; automatically moving, along three dimensions, a nozzle that is coupled to a cartridge having first nail polish to a first position such that said nozzle is pointing toward said nail. automatically dispensing said first nail polish on said nail. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of:
determining when a position of a nail has moved, and stopping said dispensing unit from dispensing nail polish if said position of a nail has moved. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein determining whether the position of the nail has moved includes the steps of:
comparing the position of the nail at a first and second time; and identifying that the nail has moved if the position of the nail at said second time is greater that a first threshold distance away from the position of the nail at said first time. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of applying a first pressure to said polish to generate a first flow rate of said polish through said nozzle. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of automatically generating a motion path to said target location. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein said step of automatically moving includes moving said nozzle in three dimensions along the motion path. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising the steps of
receiving treatment information about the selected type of nail polish treatment, and transmitting said treatment information to said dispensing unit. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein said treatment information is received from an application that can operate on a remote device. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said remote device is at least one of a phone, watch, computing device, or wearable. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein said polish treatment can include one or more of a single-color coat polish, a two-tone color coat polish, a two-tone vertical split nail art polish, a two tone-horizontal blended nail art polish, a colored tips nail polish, a multi-colored polish on different nails, a French manicure, and a regular lacquer polish.
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The present disclosure relates to a robotic apparatus and methods for automatic nail polish application on natural or artificial finger or toe nails.1. A system for automatically polishing a nail of a user including:
an end-effector having
a cartridge receiving unit,
a cartridge including nail polish, and
a nozzle;
a sensor, to generate target signals from a target location; a nail determination unit, receiving said target signals, to automatically identify the nail of the user in said target location; a motion planning unit, for automatically generating a motion path for said end-effector to position said end-effector such that said nozzle is directed toward said target location; a motion platform, to automatically move said end-effector in accordance with the motion path; and a dispensing unit to automatically dispense nail polish in said cartridge through said nozzle toward said target location. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a safety module, receiving signals from said nail determination unit, to determine when a position of a nail has moved and to stop said dispensing unit from dispensing nail polish if said position of a nail has moved. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein said safety module, determines whether the position of the nail has moved by comparing the position of the nail at a first and second time and identifying that the nail has moved if the position of the nail at said second time is greater that a first threshold distance away from the position of the nail at said first time. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein said dispensing unit includes a pressure application unit to apply a first pressure to said polish to generate a first flow rate of said polish through said nozzle. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein said motion platform moves said end-effector in three dimensions along said motion path. 6. The system of claim 1, further comprising
a nail treatment plan input module, for receiving treatment information about the selected type of nail polish treatment and transmitting said treatment information to said dispensing unit. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein said nail treatment input module is positioned on said system for automatically polishing the nail. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein said nail treatment input module is an application that can operate on a remote device. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein said remote device is at least one of a phone, watch, computing device, or wearable. 10. The system of claim 6, wherein said polish treatment can include one or more of a single-color coat polish, a two-tone color coat polish, a two-tone vertical split nail art polish, a two tone-horizontal blended nail art polish, a colored tips nail polish, a multi-colored polish on different nails, a French manicure, and a regular lacquer polish. 11. A method for automatically polishing a nail of user including the steps of:
automatically sensing a nail at a target location; automatically moving, along three dimensions, a nozzle that is coupled to a cartridge having first nail polish to a first position such that said nozzle is pointing toward said nail. automatically dispensing said first nail polish on said nail. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of:
determining when a position of a nail has moved, and stopping said dispensing unit from dispensing nail polish if said position of a nail has moved. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein determining whether the position of the nail has moved includes the steps of:
comparing the position of the nail at a first and second time; and identifying that the nail has moved if the position of the nail at said second time is greater that a first threshold distance away from the position of the nail at said first time. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of applying a first pressure to said polish to generate a first flow rate of said polish through said nozzle. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising the step of automatically generating a motion path to said target location. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein said step of automatically moving includes moving said nozzle in three dimensions along the motion path. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising the steps of
receiving treatment information about the selected type of nail polish treatment, and transmitting said treatment information to said dispensing unit. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein said treatment information is received from an application that can operate on a remote device. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said remote device is at least one of a phone, watch, computing device, or wearable. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein said polish treatment can include one or more of a single-color coat polish, a two-tone color coat polish, a two-tone vertical split nail art polish, a two tone-horizontal blended nail art polish, a colored tips nail polish, a multi-colored polish on different nails, a French manicure, and a regular lacquer polish.
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A system and method for dynamically modifying a live image of a subject using an automated interactive system is provided. The system includes a motorized platform including at least one actuator, a control unit including a processor and a storage device, and a payload including one or more sensors and a camera. The method includes (i) collecting sensor data about at least one of the subject and an environment, (ii) moving the camera along or around at least one degree of freedom, (iii) capturing the live image of the subject in at least one position from with the camera, (iv) storing the live image of the subject in the data storage device, (v) sending instructions to physically move the payload, (vi) applying at least one environment modification rule to modify the live image of the subject, and (vii) displaying a modified live image of the subject on a display unit.
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1. An automated interactive system for dynamically modifying a live image of a subject, the automated interactive system comprising:
a motorized platform, wherein the motorized platform includes
at least one actuator that is capable of rotating or translating a payload comprising at least one sensor and a camera, wherein the at least one sensor is adapted to collect sensor data about at least one of the subject and an environment, wherein the camera is adapted to capture the live image of the subject in an at least one position,
wherein the at least one actuator moves the camera along or around at least one degree of freedom that is selected from at least one of (i) rotating the camera around horizontal axis, (ii) rotating the camera around vertical axis, (iii) moving the camera parallel to the vertical axis, and (iv) moving the camera parallel to the horizontal axis; and
a control unit that comprises a processor and a physical data storage device containing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to;
capture the live image of the subject in the at least one position with the camera;
store the live image of the subject in the physical data storage device;
send instructions to the at least one actuator to physically move the payload based at least in part on the sensor data;
apply at least one environment modification rule that is performed by an environment rules engine to dynamically modify the live image of the subject in the at least one position with an at least one layer into a modified live image; and
display the modified live image of the subject on a display unit. 2. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the at least one layer is at least one of (i) a background layer and (ii) a foreground layer of the live image of the subject in the at least one position. 3. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the environment rules engine applies the at least one layer to the live image by,
identifying the subject in the live image of the subject; determining pixels that correspond to the subject in the live image of the subject; determining pixels that correspond to the environment in the live image; removing or replacing the pixels corresponding to the environment of the live image without removing the pixels corresponding to the subject using at least one Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled background removal technique or a Chroma Keying background replacement technique; and applying the at least one layer on the live image of the subject. 4. The automated interactive system of claim 3, wherein the environment rules engine applies the at least one layer on top of pixels that corresponds to at least one of (i) a background and (ii) a foreground of the live image of the subject. 5. The automated interactive system of claim 4, wherein the modified live image comprises at least one of (i) the foreground layer applied on the foreground of the subject, (ii) a live view layer that corresponds to the subject and (iii) the background layer applied on the background of the subject, wherein the foreground layer, the live view layer and the background layer are stacked on top of each other. 6. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein at least some pixels that correspond to the at least one layer are part of at least one transparent region. 7. The automated system of claim 1, wherein the sensor data comprises information of at least one of (i) a distance of the subject from the camera, (ii) a movement, (iii) a position, (iv) a gesture, (v) a pose, (vi) an action, (vii) a sound and (viii) a facial expression of the subject and information about the environment that comprises color, scenery, obstacles, lighting around the subject. 8. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor is selected from a depth sensor, a Red Green Blue (RGB) sensor, a video camera, a RGB camera, a depth and stereo camera, a far infrared sensor, an infrared and ultrasound proximity sensor, a weight sensor, a pressure sensor, a sound sensor, a motion sensor, Global Positioning System (GPS), a global positioning solution, a local positioning solution, a light sensor, a magnetic sensor, and a gyroscope. 9. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the processor to hide or dynamically display the at least one layer on the live image of the subject based at least in part on the sensor data comprises the movement of the subject detected by the at least one sensor. 10. The automated interactive system of claim 2, wherein the instructions cause the processor to change a priority order of the background layer and the foreground layer on the live image of the subject based at least in part on the sensor data comprises the distance of the subject from the camera. 11. The automated interactive system of claim 10, wherein the processor causes the display unit to display the at least one foreground layer that was previously on top of the live image of the subject as the at least one background layer if the distance of the subject detected by the at least one sensor is less from the camera. 12. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the processor to dynamically move the at least one layer relative to the live image based on the position of the subject in a physical environment while using the motorized platform to maintain at least a portion of the live image of the subject in the center of a live view. 13. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the processor to dynamically apply a digital zoom to the at least one layer based on the distance of the subject from the camera while using the motorized platform to maintain at least a portion of the live image of the subject in the center of a live view. 14. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the at least one layer supports a scale mapping function, wherein the scale mapping function decides which portion of the at least one layer is displayed on the live image. 15. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the at least one layer is selected from at least one of an image, an animated image, a video and an Animated Portable Network Graphics (APNG) file. 16. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein if applying the at least one environment modification rule, the control unit processes the sensor data from the at least one sensor to continuously track the position of the subject to maintain at least a portion of the live image of the subject in a center of a frame. 17. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein if the subject moves in at least one direction on a physical scene, the processor moves in the at least one degree of freedom of the motorized platform to track the subject and maintain at least of portion of the live image of the subject in the center of the frame and move the at least one layer in a direction that is opposite to the direction of the subject. 18. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein if the subject moves in the at least one direction on the physical scene, the processor moves in the at least one degree of freedom of the motorized platform to track the subject and maintain at least of portion of the live image of the subject in the center of the frame and move the at least one layer in same direction of the subject. 19. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein display of the at least one layer is controlled by a layer setting selected from at least one of (i) layer tilt motion speed and (ii) layer pan motion speed. 20. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the at least one layer comprises at least one layer mapping function that maps the subject's position in a physical environment to a position of the at least one layer on a screen of the display unit. 21. The automated interactive system of claim 20, wherein the at least one layer mapping function maintains the at least one layer on the screen of the display unit for at least one of (i) a predetermined time and (ii) a predetermined number of photo shooting sessions. 22. The automated interactive system of claim 20, wherein if the subject crosses a predetermined threshold on the physical scene, the at least one layer mapping function displays the at least one layer on the screen of the display unit by at least one of (i) scrolling the at least one layer, and (ii) hiding the at least one layer by displaying a second layer instead of the at least one layer. 23. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the environment rules engine continuously slides each layer on the live image of the subject. 24. The automated interactive system of claim 23, wherein the environment rules engine continuously slides a specific layer and maintains other layers stationary on the live image of the subject. 25. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the camera and the at least one sensor are mounted on a shell that is controlled using the at least one actuator. 26. The automated interactive system of claim 25, wherein the instructions cause the processor to determine a modality of operation of the camera based on at least one of (i) a position of the shell and (i) a subject's position, wherein the modality of operation comprises capturing at least one of (i) a still photo and (ii) a video of the subject. 27. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the camera captures the live image of the subject in the at least one position based at least in part on at least one control indicator that is generated by the control unit. 28. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to control movement of the camera and the payload in a “portrait-landscape” axis using a roll actuator based on a subject's height. 29. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein if the subject moves away from the center of the frame across the horizontal axis, the control unit turns the camera and the payload in the at least one direction using a pan actuator to maintain at least of portion of the live image of the subject in the center of the frame based at least in part on the sensor data from the at least one sensor. 30. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein if the subject moves away from the center of the frame across the vertical axis, the control unit turns the camera and the payload based at least in part on the sensor data from the at least one sensor using the tilt actuator to maintain the subject's face at a predetermined distance from a top of the frame. 31. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the processor to determine a speed of scrolling of a layer image on the live image based on at least one pixel dimension of the layer image corresponding to the at least one layer. 32. A method for dynamically modifying a live image of a subject using an automated interactive system, wherein the automated interactive system comprises a motorized platform and a control unit, wherein the motorized platform comprises at least one actuator that is capable of rotating or translating a payload comprising at least one sensor and a camera, wherein the control unit includes a processor and a physical data storage device containing computer-executable instructions, the method comprising:
collecting, using the at least one sensor, sensor data about at least one of the subject and an environment; moving, using the at least one actuator, the camera along or around at least one degree of freedom that is selected from at least one of (i) rotating the camera around horizontal axis, (ii) rotating the camera around vertical axis, (iii) moving the camera parallel to the vertical axis, and (iv) moving the camera parallel to the horizontal axis; capturing, by the processor, the live image of the subject in at least one position from with the camera; storing, by the processor, the live image of the subject in the data storage device; sending, by the processor, instructions to the at least one actuator to physically move the payload based at least in part on the sensor data; applying, by the processor, at least one environment modification rule performed by an environment rules engine to modify the live image of the subject in the at least one position with at least one environment layer into a modified live image; and displaying, by the processor, the modified live image of the subject on a display unit. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the at least one layer is at least one of (i) a background layer and (ii) a foreground layer of the live image of the subject in the at least one position.
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A system and method for dynamically modifying a live image of a subject using an automated interactive system is provided. The system includes a motorized platform including at least one actuator, a control unit including a processor and a storage device, and a payload including one or more sensors and a camera. The method includes (i) collecting sensor data about at least one of the subject and an environment, (ii) moving the camera along or around at least one degree of freedom, (iii) capturing the live image of the subject in at least one position from with the camera, (iv) storing the live image of the subject in the data storage device, (v) sending instructions to physically move the payload, (vi) applying at least one environment modification rule to modify the live image of the subject, and (vii) displaying a modified live image of the subject on a display unit.1. An automated interactive system for dynamically modifying a live image of a subject, the automated interactive system comprising:
a motorized platform, wherein the motorized platform includes
at least one actuator that is capable of rotating or translating a payload comprising at least one sensor and a camera, wherein the at least one sensor is adapted to collect sensor data about at least one of the subject and an environment, wherein the camera is adapted to capture the live image of the subject in an at least one position,
wherein the at least one actuator moves the camera along or around at least one degree of freedom that is selected from at least one of (i) rotating the camera around horizontal axis, (ii) rotating the camera around vertical axis, (iii) moving the camera parallel to the vertical axis, and (iv) moving the camera parallel to the horizontal axis; and
a control unit that comprises a processor and a physical data storage device containing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to;
capture the live image of the subject in the at least one position with the camera;
store the live image of the subject in the physical data storage device;
send instructions to the at least one actuator to physically move the payload based at least in part on the sensor data;
apply at least one environment modification rule that is performed by an environment rules engine to dynamically modify the live image of the subject in the at least one position with an at least one layer into a modified live image; and
display the modified live image of the subject on a display unit. 2. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the at least one layer is at least one of (i) a background layer and (ii) a foreground layer of the live image of the subject in the at least one position. 3. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the environment rules engine applies the at least one layer to the live image by,
identifying the subject in the live image of the subject; determining pixels that correspond to the subject in the live image of the subject; determining pixels that correspond to the environment in the live image; removing or replacing the pixels corresponding to the environment of the live image without removing the pixels corresponding to the subject using at least one Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled background removal technique or a Chroma Keying background replacement technique; and applying the at least one layer on the live image of the subject. 4. The automated interactive system of claim 3, wherein the environment rules engine applies the at least one layer on top of pixels that corresponds to at least one of (i) a background and (ii) a foreground of the live image of the subject. 5. The automated interactive system of claim 4, wherein the modified live image comprises at least one of (i) the foreground layer applied on the foreground of the subject, (ii) a live view layer that corresponds to the subject and (iii) the background layer applied on the background of the subject, wherein the foreground layer, the live view layer and the background layer are stacked on top of each other. 6. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein at least some pixels that correspond to the at least one layer are part of at least one transparent region. 7. The automated system of claim 1, wherein the sensor data comprises information of at least one of (i) a distance of the subject from the camera, (ii) a movement, (iii) a position, (iv) a gesture, (v) a pose, (vi) an action, (vii) a sound and (viii) a facial expression of the subject and information about the environment that comprises color, scenery, obstacles, lighting around the subject. 8. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the at least one sensor is selected from a depth sensor, a Red Green Blue (RGB) sensor, a video camera, a RGB camera, a depth and stereo camera, a far infrared sensor, an infrared and ultrasound proximity sensor, a weight sensor, a pressure sensor, a sound sensor, a motion sensor, Global Positioning System (GPS), a global positioning solution, a local positioning solution, a light sensor, a magnetic sensor, and a gyroscope. 9. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the processor to hide or dynamically display the at least one layer on the live image of the subject based at least in part on the sensor data comprises the movement of the subject detected by the at least one sensor. 10. The automated interactive system of claim 2, wherein the instructions cause the processor to change a priority order of the background layer and the foreground layer on the live image of the subject based at least in part on the sensor data comprises the distance of the subject from the camera. 11. The automated interactive system of claim 10, wherein the processor causes the display unit to display the at least one foreground layer that was previously on top of the live image of the subject as the at least one background layer if the distance of the subject detected by the at least one sensor is less from the camera. 12. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the processor to dynamically move the at least one layer relative to the live image based on the position of the subject in a physical environment while using the motorized platform to maintain at least a portion of the live image of the subject in the center of a live view. 13. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the processor to dynamically apply a digital zoom to the at least one layer based on the distance of the subject from the camera while using the motorized platform to maintain at least a portion of the live image of the subject in the center of a live view. 14. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the at least one layer supports a scale mapping function, wherein the scale mapping function decides which portion of the at least one layer is displayed on the live image. 15. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the at least one layer is selected from at least one of an image, an animated image, a video and an Animated Portable Network Graphics (APNG) file. 16. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein if applying the at least one environment modification rule, the control unit processes the sensor data from the at least one sensor to continuously track the position of the subject to maintain at least a portion of the live image of the subject in a center of a frame. 17. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein if the subject moves in at least one direction on a physical scene, the processor moves in the at least one degree of freedom of the motorized platform to track the subject and maintain at least of portion of the live image of the subject in the center of the frame and move the at least one layer in a direction that is opposite to the direction of the subject. 18. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein if the subject moves in the at least one direction on the physical scene, the processor moves in the at least one degree of freedom of the motorized platform to track the subject and maintain at least of portion of the live image of the subject in the center of the frame and move the at least one layer in same direction of the subject. 19. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein display of the at least one layer is controlled by a layer setting selected from at least one of (i) layer tilt motion speed and (ii) layer pan motion speed. 20. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the at least one layer comprises at least one layer mapping function that maps the subject's position in a physical environment to a position of the at least one layer on a screen of the display unit. 21. The automated interactive system of claim 20, wherein the at least one layer mapping function maintains the at least one layer on the screen of the display unit for at least one of (i) a predetermined time and (ii) a predetermined number of photo shooting sessions. 22. The automated interactive system of claim 20, wherein if the subject crosses a predetermined threshold on the physical scene, the at least one layer mapping function displays the at least one layer on the screen of the display unit by at least one of (i) scrolling the at least one layer, and (ii) hiding the at least one layer by displaying a second layer instead of the at least one layer. 23. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the environment rules engine continuously slides each layer on the live image of the subject. 24. The automated interactive system of claim 23, wherein the environment rules engine continuously slides a specific layer and maintains other layers stationary on the live image of the subject. 25. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the camera and the at least one sensor are mounted on a shell that is controlled using the at least one actuator. 26. The automated interactive system of claim 25, wherein the instructions cause the processor to determine a modality of operation of the camera based on at least one of (i) a position of the shell and (i) a subject's position, wherein the modality of operation comprises capturing at least one of (i) a still photo and (ii) a video of the subject. 27. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the camera captures the live image of the subject in the at least one position based at least in part on at least one control indicator that is generated by the control unit. 28. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the processor to control movement of the camera and the payload in a “portrait-landscape” axis using a roll actuator based on a subject's height. 29. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein if the subject moves away from the center of the frame across the horizontal axis, the control unit turns the camera and the payload in the at least one direction using a pan actuator to maintain at least of portion of the live image of the subject in the center of the frame based at least in part on the sensor data from the at least one sensor. 30. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein if the subject moves away from the center of the frame across the vertical axis, the control unit turns the camera and the payload based at least in part on the sensor data from the at least one sensor using the tilt actuator to maintain the subject's face at a predetermined distance from a top of the frame. 31. The automated interactive system of claim 1, wherein the instructions cause the processor to determine a speed of scrolling of a layer image on the live image based on at least one pixel dimension of the layer image corresponding to the at least one layer. 32. A method for dynamically modifying a live image of a subject using an automated interactive system, wherein the automated interactive system comprises a motorized platform and a control unit, wherein the motorized platform comprises at least one actuator that is capable of rotating or translating a payload comprising at least one sensor and a camera, wherein the control unit includes a processor and a physical data storage device containing computer-executable instructions, the method comprising:
collecting, using the at least one sensor, sensor data about at least one of the subject and an environment; moving, using the at least one actuator, the camera along or around at least one degree of freedom that is selected from at least one of (i) rotating the camera around horizontal axis, (ii) rotating the camera around vertical axis, (iii) moving the camera parallel to the vertical axis, and (iv) moving the camera parallel to the horizontal axis; capturing, by the processor, the live image of the subject in at least one position from with the camera; storing, by the processor, the live image of the subject in the data storage device; sending, by the processor, instructions to the at least one actuator to physically move the payload based at least in part on the sensor data; applying, by the processor, at least one environment modification rule performed by an environment rules engine to modify the live image of the subject in the at least one position with at least one environment layer into a modified live image; and displaying, by the processor, the modified live image of the subject on a display unit. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the at least one layer is at least one of (i) a background layer and (ii) a foreground layer of the live image of the subject in the at least one position.
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Systems described herein provide techniques for establishing and modifying user plane communications sessions between Long-Term Evolution (“LTE”) User Equipment (“UE”) devices, connected to LTE base stations, and a Fifth Generation (“5G”) core network. An LTE-5G Interworking function (“LTE-5G IWF”) may logically generate a virtual 5G UE and/or 5G base station, map a LTE UE to the virtual 5G UE, and cause the establishment of a Protocol Data Unit (“PDU”) Session, at the 5G core network, with the virtual 5G UE. The LTE-5G IWF may provide PDU Session information to the LTE UE and base station to facilitate the establishment of user plane communications (e.g., via a tunnel) between the LTE UE and the 5G core network. The LTE-5G IWF may also receive modification parameters, such as Quality of Service (“QoS”) parameters, and provide instructions to the 5G core and/or to the LTE UE to handle traffic according to such parameters.
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1. A system, comprising:
one or more processors configured to:
receive a first message associated with a User Equipment (“UE”) that is communicatively coupled to an evolved Node B (“eNB”) of a Long-Term Evolution (“LTE”) radio access network (“RAN”);
determine, based on receiving the first message, that user plane communications, associated with the UE, should be handled by a Fifth Generation (“5G”) core network:
output, to one or more devices of the 5G core network and based on determining that the user plane communications associated with the UE should be handled by the 5G core network, a second message based on which the one or more devices of the 5G core network establish a user plane communication session;
receive, from the one or more devices of the 5G core network, an identifier associated with the user plane communication session; and
output the identifier associated with the user plane communication session to the eNB, wherein outputting the identifier associated with the user plane to the eNB facilitates communication between the UE and the one or more devices of the 5G core network via the user plane communication session. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the UE is a first UE, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
receive a third message from a second UE that is communicatively coupled to the eNB of the LTE RAN; determine, based on the third message, that user plane communications associated with the second UE should be handled by a LTE core network in lieu of the 5G core network; and based on determining that user plane communications associated with the second UE should be handled by the LTE core network, initiate a bearer establishment procedure to establish user plane communications between the second UE and one or more devices of the LTE core network. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first message includes an Attach Request message received from:
the eNB, or a Mobility and Management Entity (“MME”) that is communicatively coupled to the eNB. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the first message is received from a first Mobility and Management Entity (“MME”), that is communicatively to the eNB, by a second MME that is communicatively coupled to:
the first MME, and
an interworking device that is communicatively coupled to an Access and Mobility Management Function (“AMF”) of the 5G core network. 5. The system of claim 1,
wherein determining that user plane communications associated with the UE should be handled by the 5G core network includes:
identifying a plurality of slices of the 5G core network; and
selecting a particular slice, of the plurality of slices, to handle the user plane communications associated with the UE; and
wherein outputting the second message to the one or more devices of the 5G core network includes outputting the second message to one or more devices associated with the selected particular slice of the 5G core network. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein selecting the particular slice of the 5G core network to handle the user plane communications associated with the UE includes:
identifying one or more Quality of Service (“QoS”) levels associated with the UE or with a traffic type indicated in the first message; and identifying that the particular slice corresponds to the identified QoS level. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein selecting the particular slice of the 5G core network to handle the user plane communications associated with the UE includes:
receiving information associated with the UE from a Home Subscriber Server (“HSS”) associated with the LTE core network; and selecting the particular slice based on the information received from the HSS. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable medium, storing a plurality of processor-executable instructions to:
receive a first message associated with a User Equipment (“UE”) that is communicatively coupled to an evolved Node B (“eNB”) of a Long-Term Evolution (“LTE”) radio access network (“RAN”); determine, based on receiving the first message, that user plane communications, associated with the UE, should be handled by a Fifth Generation (“5G”) core network: output, to one or more devices of the 5G core network and based on determining that the user plane communications associated with the UE should be handled by the 5G core network, a second message based on which the one or more devices of the 5G core network establish a user plane communication session; receive, from the one or more devices of the 5G core network, an identifier associated with the user plane communication session; and output the identifier associated with the user plane communication session to the eNB, wherein outputting the identifier associated with the user plane to the eNB facilitates communication between the UE and the one or more devices of the 5G core network via the user plane communication session. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the UE is a first UE, wherein the plurality of processor-executable instructions further include processor-executable instructions to:
receive a third message from a second UE that is communicatively coupled to the eNB of the LTE RAN; determine, based on the third message, that user plane communications associated with the second UE should be handled by a LTE core network in lieu of the 5G core network; and based on determining that user plane communications associated with the second UE should be handled by the LTE core network, initiate a bearer establishment procedure to establish user plane communications between the second UE and one or more devices of the LTE core network. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the first message includes an Attach Request message received from:
the eNB, or a Mobility and Management Entity (“MME”) that is communicatively coupled to the eNB. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the first message is received from a first Mobility and Management Entity (“MME”), that is communicatively to the eNB, by a second MME that is communicatively coupled to:
the first MME, and
an interworking device that is communicatively coupled to an Access and Mobility Management Function (“AMF”) of the 5G core network. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8,
wherein determining that user plane communications associated with the UE should be handled by the 5G core network includes:
identifying a plurality of slices of the 5G core network; and
selecting a particular slice, of the plurality of slices, to handle the user plane communications associated with the UE; and
wherein outputting the second message to the one or more devices of the 5G core network includes outputting the second message to one or more devices associated with the selected particular slice of the 5G core network. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein selecting the particular slice of the 5G core network to handle the user plane communications associated with the UE includes:
identifying one or more Quality of Service (“QoS”) levels associated with the UE or with a traffic type indicated in the first message; and identifying that the particular slice corresponds to the identified QoS level. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein selecting the particular slice of the 5G core network to handle the user plane communications associated with the UE includes:
receiving information associated with the UE from a Home Subscriber Server (“HSS”) associated with the LTE core network; and selecting the particular slice based on the information received from the HSS. 15. A method, comprising:
receiving a first message associated with a User Equipment (“UE”) that is communicatively coupled to an evolved Node B (“eNB”) of a Long-Term Evolution (“LTE”) radio access network (“RAN”); determining, based on receiving the first message, that user plane communications, associated with the UE, should be handled by a Fifth Generation (“5G”) core network: outputting, to one or more devices of the 5G core network and based on determining that the user plane communications associated with the UE should be handled by the 5G core network, a second message based on which the one or more devices of the 5G core network establish a user plane communication session; receiving, from the one or more devices of the 5G core network, an identifier associated with the user plane communication session; and outputting the identifier associated with the user plane communication session to the eNB, wherein outputting the identifier associated with the user plane to the eNB facilitates communication between the UE and the one or more devices of the 5G core network via the user plane communication session. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the UE is a first UE, the method further comprising:
receiving a third message from a second UE that is communicatively coupled to the eNB of the LTE RAN; determining, based on the third message, that user plane communications associated with the second UE should be handled by a LTE core network in lieu of the 5G core network; and based on determining that user plane communications associated with the second UE should be handled by the LTE core network, initiating a bearer establishment procedure to establish user plane communications between the second UE and one or more devices of the LTE core network. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the first message is received from a first Mobility and Management Entity (“MME”), that is communicatively to the eNB, by a second MME that is communicatively coupled to:
the first MME, and
an interworking device that is communicatively coupled to an Access and Mobility Management Function (“AMF”) of the 5G core network. 18. The method of claim 15,
wherein determining that user plane communications associated with the UE should be handled by the 5G core network includes:
identifying a plurality of slices of the 5G core network; and
selecting a particular slice, of the plurality of slices, to handle the user plane communications associated with the UE; and
wherein outputting the second message to the one or more devices of the 5G core network includes outputting the second message to one or more devices associated with the selected particular slice of the 5G core network. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein selecting the particular slice of the 5G core network to handle the user plane communications associated with the UE includes:
identifying one or more Quality of Service (“QoS”) levels associated with the UE or with a traffic type indicated in the first message; and identifying that the particular slice corresponds to the identified QoS level. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein selecting the particular slice of the 5G core network to handle the user plane communications associated with the UE includes:
receiving information associated with the UE from a Home Subscriber Server (“HSS”) associated with the LTE core network; and selecting the particular slice based on the information received from the HSS.
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Systems described herein provide techniques for establishing and modifying user plane communications sessions between Long-Term Evolution (“LTE”) User Equipment (“UE”) devices, connected to LTE base stations, and a Fifth Generation (“5G”) core network. An LTE-5G Interworking function (“LTE-5G IWF”) may logically generate a virtual 5G UE and/or 5G base station, map a LTE UE to the virtual 5G UE, and cause the establishment of a Protocol Data Unit (“PDU”) Session, at the 5G core network, with the virtual 5G UE. The LTE-5G IWF may provide PDU Session information to the LTE UE and base station to facilitate the establishment of user plane communications (e.g., via a tunnel) between the LTE UE and the 5G core network. The LTE-5G IWF may also receive modification parameters, such as Quality of Service (“QoS”) parameters, and provide instructions to the 5G core and/or to the LTE UE to handle traffic according to such parameters.1. A system, comprising:
one or more processors configured to:
receive a first message associated with a User Equipment (“UE”) that is communicatively coupled to an evolved Node B (“eNB”) of a Long-Term Evolution (“LTE”) radio access network (“RAN”);
determine, based on receiving the first message, that user plane communications, associated with the UE, should be handled by a Fifth Generation (“5G”) core network:
output, to one or more devices of the 5G core network and based on determining that the user plane communications associated with the UE should be handled by the 5G core network, a second message based on which the one or more devices of the 5G core network establish a user plane communication session;
receive, from the one or more devices of the 5G core network, an identifier associated with the user plane communication session; and
output the identifier associated with the user plane communication session to the eNB, wherein outputting the identifier associated with the user plane to the eNB facilitates communication between the UE and the one or more devices of the 5G core network via the user plane communication session. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the UE is a first UE, wherein the one or more processors are further configured to:
receive a third message from a second UE that is communicatively coupled to the eNB of the LTE RAN; determine, based on the third message, that user plane communications associated with the second UE should be handled by a LTE core network in lieu of the 5G core network; and based on determining that user plane communications associated with the second UE should be handled by the LTE core network, initiate a bearer establishment procedure to establish user plane communications between the second UE and one or more devices of the LTE core network. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the first message includes an Attach Request message received from:
the eNB, or a Mobility and Management Entity (“MME”) that is communicatively coupled to the eNB. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the first message is received from a first Mobility and Management Entity (“MME”), that is communicatively to the eNB, by a second MME that is communicatively coupled to:
the first MME, and
an interworking device that is communicatively coupled to an Access and Mobility Management Function (“AMF”) of the 5G core network. 5. The system of claim 1,
wherein determining that user plane communications associated with the UE should be handled by the 5G core network includes:
identifying a plurality of slices of the 5G core network; and
selecting a particular slice, of the plurality of slices, to handle the user plane communications associated with the UE; and
wherein outputting the second message to the one or more devices of the 5G core network includes outputting the second message to one or more devices associated with the selected particular slice of the 5G core network. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein selecting the particular slice of the 5G core network to handle the user plane communications associated with the UE includes:
identifying one or more Quality of Service (“QoS”) levels associated with the UE or with a traffic type indicated in the first message; and identifying that the particular slice corresponds to the identified QoS level. 7. The system of claim 5, wherein selecting the particular slice of the 5G core network to handle the user plane communications associated with the UE includes:
receiving information associated with the UE from a Home Subscriber Server (“HSS”) associated with the LTE core network; and selecting the particular slice based on the information received from the HSS. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable medium, storing a plurality of processor-executable instructions to:
receive a first message associated with a User Equipment (“UE”) that is communicatively coupled to an evolved Node B (“eNB”) of a Long-Term Evolution (“LTE”) radio access network (“RAN”); determine, based on receiving the first message, that user plane communications, associated with the UE, should be handled by a Fifth Generation (“5G”) core network: output, to one or more devices of the 5G core network and based on determining that the user plane communications associated with the UE should be handled by the 5G core network, a second message based on which the one or more devices of the 5G core network establish a user plane communication session; receive, from the one or more devices of the 5G core network, an identifier associated with the user plane communication session; and output the identifier associated with the user plane communication session to the eNB, wherein outputting the identifier associated with the user plane to the eNB facilitates communication between the UE and the one or more devices of the 5G core network via the user plane communication session. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the UE is a first UE, wherein the plurality of processor-executable instructions further include processor-executable instructions to:
receive a third message from a second UE that is communicatively coupled to the eNB of the LTE RAN; determine, based on the third message, that user plane communications associated with the second UE should be handled by a LTE core network in lieu of the 5G core network; and based on determining that user plane communications associated with the second UE should be handled by the LTE core network, initiate a bearer establishment procedure to establish user plane communications between the second UE and one or more devices of the LTE core network. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the first message includes an Attach Request message received from:
the eNB, or a Mobility and Management Entity (“MME”) that is communicatively coupled to the eNB. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the first message is received from a first Mobility and Management Entity (“MME”), that is communicatively to the eNB, by a second MME that is communicatively coupled to:
the first MME, and
an interworking device that is communicatively coupled to an Access and Mobility Management Function (“AMF”) of the 5G core network. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 8,
wherein determining that user plane communications associated with the UE should be handled by the 5G core network includes:
identifying a plurality of slices of the 5G core network; and
selecting a particular slice, of the plurality of slices, to handle the user plane communications associated with the UE; and
wherein outputting the second message to the one or more devices of the 5G core network includes outputting the second message to one or more devices associated with the selected particular slice of the 5G core network. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein selecting the particular slice of the 5G core network to handle the user plane communications associated with the UE includes:
identifying one or more Quality of Service (“QoS”) levels associated with the UE or with a traffic type indicated in the first message; and identifying that the particular slice corresponds to the identified QoS level. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 12, wherein selecting the particular slice of the 5G core network to handle the user plane communications associated with the UE includes:
receiving information associated with the UE from a Home Subscriber Server (“HSS”) associated with the LTE core network; and selecting the particular slice based on the information received from the HSS. 15. A method, comprising:
receiving a first message associated with a User Equipment (“UE”) that is communicatively coupled to an evolved Node B (“eNB”) of a Long-Term Evolution (“LTE”) radio access network (“RAN”); determining, based on receiving the first message, that user plane communications, associated with the UE, should be handled by a Fifth Generation (“5G”) core network: outputting, to one or more devices of the 5G core network and based on determining that the user plane communications associated with the UE should be handled by the 5G core network, a second message based on which the one or more devices of the 5G core network establish a user plane communication session; receiving, from the one or more devices of the 5G core network, an identifier associated with the user plane communication session; and outputting the identifier associated with the user plane communication session to the eNB, wherein outputting the identifier associated with the user plane to the eNB facilitates communication between the UE and the one or more devices of the 5G core network via the user plane communication session. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the UE is a first UE, the method further comprising:
receiving a third message from a second UE that is communicatively coupled to the eNB of the LTE RAN; determining, based on the third message, that user plane communications associated with the second UE should be handled by a LTE core network in lieu of the 5G core network; and based on determining that user plane communications associated with the second UE should be handled by the LTE core network, initiating a bearer establishment procedure to establish user plane communications between the second UE and one or more devices of the LTE core network. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the first message is received from a first Mobility and Management Entity (“MME”), that is communicatively to the eNB, by a second MME that is communicatively coupled to:
the first MME, and
an interworking device that is communicatively coupled to an Access and Mobility Management Function (“AMF”) of the 5G core network. 18. The method of claim 15,
wherein determining that user plane communications associated with the UE should be handled by the 5G core network includes:
identifying a plurality of slices of the 5G core network; and
selecting a particular slice, of the plurality of slices, to handle the user plane communications associated with the UE; and
wherein outputting the second message to the one or more devices of the 5G core network includes outputting the second message to one or more devices associated with the selected particular slice of the 5G core network. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein selecting the particular slice of the 5G core network to handle the user plane communications associated with the UE includes:
identifying one or more Quality of Service (“QoS”) levels associated with the UE or with a traffic type indicated in the first message; and identifying that the particular slice corresponds to the identified QoS level. 20. The method of claim 18, wherein selecting the particular slice of the 5G core network to handle the user plane communications associated with the UE includes:
receiving information associated with the UE from a Home Subscriber Server (“HSS”) associated with the LTE core network; and selecting the particular slice based on the information received from the HSS.
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A system and method for an accent lighting system is provided. The system includes a plurality of underwater luminaires each having a plurality of light emitting diodes, and a junction box controller housing a plurality of electrical components for generating electrical signals for controlling the plurality of underwater luminaries. The junction box controller can be mounted to an electrical conduit and a plurality of cables can connect the plurality of underwater luminaires with the junction box controller. An underwater luminaire can include a heat sink and a flexible circuit board having a plurality of light emitting diodes mounted on the heat sink. The flexible circuit board transfers heat from the light emitting diodes to the heat sink. The underwater luminaire can also include a wiring harness for connecting the underwater luminaire to a cable. The underwater luminaire can also include a housing having a lens positioned at one end, an end cap mounted to an opposite end of the housing. The housing and the end cap can form a waterproof enclosure for the heatsink, the flexible circuit board, the plurality of light emitting diodes, and the wiring harness.
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1. An underwater luminaire comprising:
a heat sink; a flexible circuit board having a plurality of light emitting diodes mounted thereto, the flexible circuit board mounted to the heat sink and transferring heat from the light emitting diodes to the heat sink; a wiring harness for connecting the underwater luminaire to a cable; a housing having a lens positioned at one end; an end cap mounted to an opposite end of the housing, the housing and the end cap forming a waterproof enclosure for the heatsink, the flexible circuit board, the plurality of light emitting diodes, and the wiring harness; and a compressible ring for facilitating secure installation of the underwater luminaire in a conduit. 2. The underwater luminaire of claim 1, wherein the end cap includes a protrusion and the housing includes a notch for facilitating alignment between the end cap and the housing. 3. The underwater luminaire of claim 1, wherein the plurality of light emitting diodes includes red, green, blue and white light emitting diodes. 4. The underwater luminaire of claim 1, wherein the flexible circuit board is formed from a single flat piece of flexible circuit board material. 5. The underwater luminaire of claim 1, wherein the flexible circuit board is wrapped around a portion of the heatsink. 6. The underwater luminaire of claim 1, wherein the lens is positioned flush against the conduit and protrudes out from the conduit. 7. The underwater luminaire of claim 1, further comprising a spacer component mounted between the heat sink and the lens to facilitate proper fitting of the heat sink within the housing. 8. An underwater luminaire comprising:
a heat sink; a flexible circuit board having a plurality of light emitting diodes mounted thereto, the flexible circuit board being mounted to a front face of the heat sink, wrapped underneath a rear face of the heat sink, and mounted to a rear face of the heat sink opposite the front face of the heat sink and transferring heat from the light emitting diodes to the heat sink; a wiring harness for connecting the underwater luminaire to a cable; a housing having a lens positioned at one end; and an end cap mounted to an opposite end of the housing, the housing and the end cap forming a waterproof enclosure for the heatsink, the flexible circuit board, the plurality of light emitting diodes, and the wiring harness. 9. The underwater luminaire of claim 8, wherein the end cap includes a protrusion and the housing includes a notch for facilitating alignment between the end cap and the housing. 10. The underwater luminaire of claim 8, wherein the plurality of light emitting diodes includes red, green, blue and white light emitting diodes. 11. The underwater luminaire of claim 8, wherein the flexible circuit board is formed from a single flat piece of flexible circuit board material. 12. The underwater luminaire of claim 8, further comprising a compressible ring for facilitating secure installation of the underwater luminaire in a conduit. 13. The underwater luminaire of claim 12, wherein the lens is positioned flush against the conduit and protrudes out from the conduit. 14. The underwater luminaire of claim 8, further comprising a spacer component mounted between the heat sink and the lens to facilitate proper fitting of the heat sink within the housing.
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A system and method for an accent lighting system is provided. The system includes a plurality of underwater luminaires each having a plurality of light emitting diodes, and a junction box controller housing a plurality of electrical components for generating electrical signals for controlling the plurality of underwater luminaries. The junction box controller can be mounted to an electrical conduit and a plurality of cables can connect the plurality of underwater luminaires with the junction box controller. An underwater luminaire can include a heat sink and a flexible circuit board having a plurality of light emitting diodes mounted on the heat sink. The flexible circuit board transfers heat from the light emitting diodes to the heat sink. The underwater luminaire can also include a wiring harness for connecting the underwater luminaire to a cable. The underwater luminaire can also include a housing having a lens positioned at one end, an end cap mounted to an opposite end of the housing. The housing and the end cap can form a waterproof enclosure for the heatsink, the flexible circuit board, the plurality of light emitting diodes, and the wiring harness.1. An underwater luminaire comprising:
a heat sink; a flexible circuit board having a plurality of light emitting diodes mounted thereto, the flexible circuit board mounted to the heat sink and transferring heat from the light emitting diodes to the heat sink; a wiring harness for connecting the underwater luminaire to a cable; a housing having a lens positioned at one end; an end cap mounted to an opposite end of the housing, the housing and the end cap forming a waterproof enclosure for the heatsink, the flexible circuit board, the plurality of light emitting diodes, and the wiring harness; and a compressible ring for facilitating secure installation of the underwater luminaire in a conduit. 2. The underwater luminaire of claim 1, wherein the end cap includes a protrusion and the housing includes a notch for facilitating alignment between the end cap and the housing. 3. The underwater luminaire of claim 1, wherein the plurality of light emitting diodes includes red, green, blue and white light emitting diodes. 4. The underwater luminaire of claim 1, wherein the flexible circuit board is formed from a single flat piece of flexible circuit board material. 5. The underwater luminaire of claim 1, wherein the flexible circuit board is wrapped around a portion of the heatsink. 6. The underwater luminaire of claim 1, wherein the lens is positioned flush against the conduit and protrudes out from the conduit. 7. The underwater luminaire of claim 1, further comprising a spacer component mounted between the heat sink and the lens to facilitate proper fitting of the heat sink within the housing. 8. An underwater luminaire comprising:
a heat sink; a flexible circuit board having a plurality of light emitting diodes mounted thereto, the flexible circuit board being mounted to a front face of the heat sink, wrapped underneath a rear face of the heat sink, and mounted to a rear face of the heat sink opposite the front face of the heat sink and transferring heat from the light emitting diodes to the heat sink; a wiring harness for connecting the underwater luminaire to a cable; a housing having a lens positioned at one end; and an end cap mounted to an opposite end of the housing, the housing and the end cap forming a waterproof enclosure for the heatsink, the flexible circuit board, the plurality of light emitting diodes, and the wiring harness. 9. The underwater luminaire of claim 8, wherein the end cap includes a protrusion and the housing includes a notch for facilitating alignment between the end cap and the housing. 10. The underwater luminaire of claim 8, wherein the plurality of light emitting diodes includes red, green, blue and white light emitting diodes. 11. The underwater luminaire of claim 8, wherein the flexible circuit board is formed from a single flat piece of flexible circuit board material. 12. The underwater luminaire of claim 8, further comprising a compressible ring for facilitating secure installation of the underwater luminaire in a conduit. 13. The underwater luminaire of claim 12, wherein the lens is positioned flush against the conduit and protrudes out from the conduit. 14. The underwater luminaire of claim 8, further comprising a spacer component mounted between the heat sink and the lens to facilitate proper fitting of the heat sink within the housing.
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Techniques for monitoring for control information in sets of downlink control channel resources are described, where multiple sets of downlink control channel resources may overlap. The described techniques include monitoring for one or more search spaces in a set of downlink control channel resources by rate matching downlink control channel resources independently of other sets of downlink control channel resources. Alternatively, overlapping sets of downlink control channel resources may be rate-matched accounting for reference signals of overlapping sets of downlink control channel resources.
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1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
identifying a first control resource set and a second control resource set, wherein resources of the first control resource set at least partially overlap with resources of the second control resource set; monitoring a first search space of the first control resource set, wherein the monitoring the first search space comprises rate-matching first downlink control channel resources of the first control resource set for the first search space independently of the second control resource set; monitoring a second search space of the second control resource set, wherein the monitoring the second search space comprises rate-matching second downlink control channel resources of the second control resource set for the second search space independently of the first control resource set; and communicating with a base station based at least in part on control information identified as a result of the monitoring of the first search space or the monitoring of the second search space.
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Techniques for monitoring for control information in sets of downlink control channel resources are described, where multiple sets of downlink control channel resources may overlap. The described techniques include monitoring for one or more search spaces in a set of downlink control channel resources by rate matching downlink control channel resources independently of other sets of downlink control channel resources. Alternatively, overlapping sets of downlink control channel resources may be rate-matched accounting for reference signals of overlapping sets of downlink control channel resources.1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising:
identifying a first control resource set and a second control resource set, wherein resources of the first control resource set at least partially overlap with resources of the second control resource set; monitoring a first search space of the first control resource set, wherein the monitoring the first search space comprises rate-matching first downlink control channel resources of the first control resource set for the first search space independently of the second control resource set; monitoring a second search space of the second control resource set, wherein the monitoring the second search space comprises rate-matching second downlink control channel resources of the second control resource set for the second search space independently of the first control resource set; and communicating with a base station based at least in part on control information identified as a result of the monitoring of the first search space or the monitoring of the second search space.
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337,947
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A method for receiving profile information by in a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure to solve the above-described problem comprises the steps of: transmitting, to a predetermined server, a first request message including an identifier related to the terminal and information related to a standby server; transmitting, to the standby server, a second request message including identifier information related to the terminal; and receiving, from the standby server, a first response message including server information for profile reception. According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, it is possible to effectively carry out an opening of an eUICC terminal and a device change, and flexibly manage a transfer server for profile download. In addition, it is possible to flexibly install and manage a communication provider's remote installation of a profile in the eUICC terminal.
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1. A method of a terminal in a communication system, the method comprising:
transmitting, to a first server, an identifier associated with an embedded universal integrated circuit card (eUICC) of the terminal; receiving, from the first server, information associated with an address of a second server, retrieved based on the identifier associated with the eUICC; transmitting, to the second server, information for downloading a profile associated with the eUICC based on the information associated with the address of the second server; and receiving, from the second server, the profile associated with the eUICC of the terminal.
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A method for receiving profile information by in a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure to solve the above-described problem comprises the steps of: transmitting, to a predetermined server, a first request message including an identifier related to the terminal and information related to a standby server; transmitting, to the standby server, a second request message including identifier information related to the terminal; and receiving, from the standby server, a first response message including server information for profile reception. According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, it is possible to effectively carry out an opening of an eUICC terminal and a device change, and flexibly manage a transfer server for profile download. In addition, it is possible to flexibly install and manage a communication provider's remote installation of a profile in the eUICC terminal.1. A method of a terminal in a communication system, the method comprising:
transmitting, to a first server, an identifier associated with an embedded universal integrated circuit card (eUICC) of the terminal; receiving, from the first server, information associated with an address of a second server, retrieved based on the identifier associated with the eUICC; transmitting, to the second server, information for downloading a profile associated with the eUICC based on the information associated with the address of the second server; and receiving, from the second server, the profile associated with the eUICC of the terminal.
| 2,400
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The present embodiments relate to elite event NS-B50027-4, seeds and oils obtained from NS-B50027-4, progeny derived from NS-B50027-4, the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of NS-B50027-4, and compositions and methods for the identification of elite event NS-B50027-4. In particular, NS-B50027-4 is a transgenic canola line capable of producing at least 5% DHA in its seed oil.
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1. An oil obtained from seed of an inbred canola line NS-B50027-4 or its progeny, representative seed of said inbred canola line having been deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-123186. 2. The oil of claim 1, wherein the ratio of w-3: w-6 fatty acids in said oil is in the range of about 3 to about 20. 3. A foodstuff for human consumption comprising the oil of claim 1. 4. The foodstuff of claim 3, wherein said foodstuff is cooking oil or salad oil. 5. A foodstuff for animal consumption comprising the oil of claim 1. 6. The foodstuff of claim 5, wherein said foodstuff is an aquaculture feed. 7. A nutritional supplement comprising the oil of claim 1. 8. The nutritional supplement of claim 7, wherein the oil is a refined oil. 9. The oil of claim 1, wherein said oil comprises about 5% to about 16% (wt. % of total fatty acids in oil), inclusive, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). 10. The oil of claim 1, wherein said oil comprises about 5% to 17%, inclusive, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (sum eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and DHA as wt. % of total fatty acids in said oil). 11. A seed meal obtained from seed of an inbred canola line NS-B50027-4 or its progeny, representative seed of said inbred canola line having been deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-123186 12. A foodstuff for animal consumption comprising the seed meal of claim 11. 13. The foodstuff claim 12, wherein said foodstuff is aquaculture feed.
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The present embodiments relate to elite event NS-B50027-4, seeds and oils obtained from NS-B50027-4, progeny derived from NS-B50027-4, the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of NS-B50027-4, and compositions and methods for the identification of elite event NS-B50027-4. In particular, NS-B50027-4 is a transgenic canola line capable of producing at least 5% DHA in its seed oil.1. An oil obtained from seed of an inbred canola line NS-B50027-4 or its progeny, representative seed of said inbred canola line having been deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-123186. 2. The oil of claim 1, wherein the ratio of w-3: w-6 fatty acids in said oil is in the range of about 3 to about 20. 3. A foodstuff for human consumption comprising the oil of claim 1. 4. The foodstuff of claim 3, wherein said foodstuff is cooking oil or salad oil. 5. A foodstuff for animal consumption comprising the oil of claim 1. 6. The foodstuff of claim 5, wherein said foodstuff is an aquaculture feed. 7. A nutritional supplement comprising the oil of claim 1. 8. The nutritional supplement of claim 7, wherein the oil is a refined oil. 9. The oil of claim 1, wherein said oil comprises about 5% to about 16% (wt. % of total fatty acids in oil), inclusive, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). 10. The oil of claim 1, wherein said oil comprises about 5% to 17%, inclusive, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (sum eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, and DHA as wt. % of total fatty acids in said oil). 11. A seed meal obtained from seed of an inbred canola line NS-B50027-4 or its progeny, representative seed of said inbred canola line having been deposited under ATCC Accession No. PTA-123186 12. A foodstuff for animal consumption comprising the seed meal of claim 11. 13. The foodstuff claim 12, wherein said foodstuff is aquaculture feed.
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337,949
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Non-limiting examples described herein relate to ensemble model processing for image recognition that improves precision and recall for image recognition processing as compared with existing solutions. An exemplary ensemble model is configured enhance image recognition processing through aggregate data modeling processing that evaluates image recognition prediction results obtained through processing that comprises: nearest neighbor visual search analysis, categorical image classification analysis and/or categorical instance retrieval analysis. An exemplary ensemble model is scalable, where new segments/categories can be bootstrapped to build deeper learning models and achieve high precision image recognition, while the cost of implementation (including from a bandwidth and resource standpoint) is lower than what is currently available across the industry today. Processing described herein, including implementation of an exemplary ensemble data model, may be exposed as a web service that is standalone or integrated within other applications/services to enhance processing efficiency and productivity applications/services such as productivity applications/services.
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1. A method comprising:
executing visual classification modeling on image content, wherein the executing of the visual classification modeling comprises:
selecting a category-specific classification model to analyze the image content based on an image classification of the image content, and
analyzing the image content using the category-specific classification model;
executing visual search modeling on the image content using the image classification; propagating, to an ensemble model, image recognition results that comprise a first image recognition prediction result of the image content from the executing of the visual classification modeling and a second image recognition prediction result of the image content from the executing of the visual search modeling; generating, using the ensemble model, a ranking for image recognition of the image content based on an analysis of the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result by the ensemble model; and outputting the image recognition for the image content based on the ranking generated by the ensemble model. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the image content is obtained from a visual media object. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first image recognition prediction result comprises confidence scoring assigned by the visual classification modeling and the second image recognition prediction result comprises confidence scoring assigned by the visual search modeling. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the executing of the visual classification modeling further comprises: determining a top-level categorical classification as the image classification and propagating the image content and the top-level categorical classification to the visual search modeling. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting the image recognition for the image content to an application or service for subsequent processing. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the ensemble model is trained using image-entity prediction pairs, and wherein the generating of the ranking further comprises evaluating correctness of the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result based on the image-entity prediction pairs. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the analysis of the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result by the ensemble model comprises:
comparing the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result for a validation of the image recognition, and wherein the image recognition is output based on the validation of the image recognition. 8. A system comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory, operatively connected with the at least one processor, storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to execute a method that comprises:
executing visual classification modeling on image content, wherein the executing of the visual classification modeling comprises:
selecting a category-specific classification model to analyze the image content based on an image classification of the image content, and
analyzing the image content using the category-specific classification model;
executing visual search modeling on the image content using the image classification;
propagating, to an ensemble model, image recognition results that comprise a first image recognition prediction result of the image content from the executing of the visual classification modeling and a second image recognition prediction result of the image content from the executing of the visual search modeling;
generating, using the ensemble model, a ranking for image recognition of the image content based on an analysis of the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result by the ensemble model; and
outputting the image recognition for the image content based on the ranking generated by the ensemble model. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the image content is obtained from a visual media object. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the first image recognition prediction result comprises confidence scoring assigned by the visual classification modeling and the second image recognition prediction result comprises confidence scoring assigned by the visual search modeling. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the executing of the visual classification modeling further comprises: determining a top-level categorical classification as the image classification and propagating the image content and the top-level categorical classification to the visual search modeling. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the method, executed by the at least one processor, further comprises: transmitting the image recognition for the image content to an application or service for subsequent processing. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the ensemble model is trained using image-entity prediction pairs, and wherein the generating of the ranking further comprises evaluating correctness of the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result based on the image-entity prediction pairs. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the analysis of the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result by the ensemble model comprises:
comparing the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result for a validation of the image recognition, and wherein the image recognition is output based on the validation of the image recognition. 15. A method comprising:
executing visual classification modeling on image content, wherein the executing of the visual classification modeling comprises:
selecting a category-specific classification model to analyze the image content based on an image classification of the image content, and
analyzing the image content using the category-specific classification model;
executing visual search modeling on the image content using the image classification; propagating, to an ensemble model, image recognition results that comprise a first image recognition prediction result of the image content from the executing of the visual classification modeling and a second image recognition prediction result of the image content from the executing of the visual search modeling; generating, using the ensemble model, a ranking for image recognition of the image content based on an analysis of the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result by the ensemble model; and transmitting the image recognition for the image content to an application or service for subsequent processing based on the ranking generated by the ensemble model. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the image content is obtained from a visual media object. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the first image recognition prediction result comprises confidence scoring assigned by the visual classification modeling and the second image recognition prediction result comprises confidence scoring assigned by the visual search modeling. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the executing of the visual classification modeling further comprises: determining a top-level categorical classification as the image classification and propagating the image content and the top-level categorical classification to the visual search modeling. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the ensemble model is trained using image-entity prediction pairs, and wherein the generating of the ranking further comprises evaluating correctness of the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result based on the image-entity prediction pairs. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the analysis of the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result by the ensemble model comprises: comparing the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result for a validation of the image recognition, and wherein the image recognition is output based on the validation of the image recognition.
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Non-limiting examples described herein relate to ensemble model processing for image recognition that improves precision and recall for image recognition processing as compared with existing solutions. An exemplary ensemble model is configured enhance image recognition processing through aggregate data modeling processing that evaluates image recognition prediction results obtained through processing that comprises: nearest neighbor visual search analysis, categorical image classification analysis and/or categorical instance retrieval analysis. An exemplary ensemble model is scalable, where new segments/categories can be bootstrapped to build deeper learning models and achieve high precision image recognition, while the cost of implementation (including from a bandwidth and resource standpoint) is lower than what is currently available across the industry today. Processing described herein, including implementation of an exemplary ensemble data model, may be exposed as a web service that is standalone or integrated within other applications/services to enhance processing efficiency and productivity applications/services such as productivity applications/services.1. A method comprising:
executing visual classification modeling on image content, wherein the executing of the visual classification modeling comprises:
selecting a category-specific classification model to analyze the image content based on an image classification of the image content, and
analyzing the image content using the category-specific classification model;
executing visual search modeling on the image content using the image classification; propagating, to an ensemble model, image recognition results that comprise a first image recognition prediction result of the image content from the executing of the visual classification modeling and a second image recognition prediction result of the image content from the executing of the visual search modeling; generating, using the ensemble model, a ranking for image recognition of the image content based on an analysis of the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result by the ensemble model; and outputting the image recognition for the image content based on the ranking generated by the ensemble model. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the image content is obtained from a visual media object. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first image recognition prediction result comprises confidence scoring assigned by the visual classification modeling and the second image recognition prediction result comprises confidence scoring assigned by the visual search modeling. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the executing of the visual classification modeling further comprises: determining a top-level categorical classification as the image classification and propagating the image content and the top-level categorical classification to the visual search modeling. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting the image recognition for the image content to an application or service for subsequent processing. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the ensemble model is trained using image-entity prediction pairs, and wherein the generating of the ranking further comprises evaluating correctness of the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result based on the image-entity prediction pairs. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the analysis of the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result by the ensemble model comprises:
comparing the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result for a validation of the image recognition, and wherein the image recognition is output based on the validation of the image recognition. 8. A system comprising:
at least one processor; and a memory, operatively connected with the at least one processor, storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to execute a method that comprises:
executing visual classification modeling on image content, wherein the executing of the visual classification modeling comprises:
selecting a category-specific classification model to analyze the image content based on an image classification of the image content, and
analyzing the image content using the category-specific classification model;
executing visual search modeling on the image content using the image classification;
propagating, to an ensemble model, image recognition results that comprise a first image recognition prediction result of the image content from the executing of the visual classification modeling and a second image recognition prediction result of the image content from the executing of the visual search modeling;
generating, using the ensemble model, a ranking for image recognition of the image content based on an analysis of the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result by the ensemble model; and
outputting the image recognition for the image content based on the ranking generated by the ensemble model. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the image content is obtained from a visual media object. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the first image recognition prediction result comprises confidence scoring assigned by the visual classification modeling and the second image recognition prediction result comprises confidence scoring assigned by the visual search modeling. 11. The system of claim 8, wherein the executing of the visual classification modeling further comprises: determining a top-level categorical classification as the image classification and propagating the image content and the top-level categorical classification to the visual search modeling. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein the method, executed by the at least one processor, further comprises: transmitting the image recognition for the image content to an application or service for subsequent processing. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the ensemble model is trained using image-entity prediction pairs, and wherein the generating of the ranking further comprises evaluating correctness of the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result based on the image-entity prediction pairs. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the analysis of the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result by the ensemble model comprises:
comparing the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result for a validation of the image recognition, and wherein the image recognition is output based on the validation of the image recognition. 15. A method comprising:
executing visual classification modeling on image content, wherein the executing of the visual classification modeling comprises:
selecting a category-specific classification model to analyze the image content based on an image classification of the image content, and
analyzing the image content using the category-specific classification model;
executing visual search modeling on the image content using the image classification; propagating, to an ensemble model, image recognition results that comprise a first image recognition prediction result of the image content from the executing of the visual classification modeling and a second image recognition prediction result of the image content from the executing of the visual search modeling; generating, using the ensemble model, a ranking for image recognition of the image content based on an analysis of the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result by the ensemble model; and transmitting the image recognition for the image content to an application or service for subsequent processing based on the ranking generated by the ensemble model. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the image content is obtained from a visual media object. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the first image recognition prediction result comprises confidence scoring assigned by the visual classification modeling and the second image recognition prediction result comprises confidence scoring assigned by the visual search modeling. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the executing of the visual classification modeling further comprises: determining a top-level categorical classification as the image classification and propagating the image content and the top-level categorical classification to the visual search modeling. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the ensemble model is trained using image-entity prediction pairs, and wherein the generating of the ranking further comprises evaluating correctness of the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result based on the image-entity prediction pairs. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the analysis of the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result by the ensemble model comprises: comparing the first image recognition prediction result and the second image recognition prediction result for a validation of the image recognition, and wherein the image recognition is output based on the validation of the image recognition.
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337,950
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The present invention also relates to the method of prophylaxis or treatment of 5-HT2A serotonin receptor mediated disorders in combination with a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist such as haloperidol, administered separately or together.
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1.-54. (canceled) 55. A compound of Formula (Im): 56. The compound according to claim 55 wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
1-[3-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-thiourea;
1-Benzoyl-3-[3-(4-bromo-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-urea;
1-Benzyl-3-[3-(4-bromo-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-urea;
1-[3-(4-Fluoro-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-thiourea;
1-Benzyl-3-[3-(4-chloro-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-urea;
1-[3-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-3-{4-chloro-2-[(2-dimethylamino-ethyl)-methyl-amino]-phenyl}-urea;
1-[3-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-3-{4-chloro-2-[(3-dimethylamino-propyl)-methyl-amino]-phenyl}-urea;
1-[3-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-3-(2,2-difluoro-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-urea;
1-(4-Chloro-benzyl)-3-[4-(3-dimethylamino-propoxy)-3-(2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenyl]-urea;
1-(2,2-Difluoro-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-[4-(3-dimethylamino-propoxy)-3-(2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenyl]-urea; and
1-(2,2-Difluoro-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-[4-(2-dimethylamino-ethoxy)-3-(2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenyl]-urea,
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates or solvates thereof. 57. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to claim 55, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 58. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to claim 56, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 59. A method for modulating the activity of a 5HT2A serotonin receptor by contacting the receptor with a compound of claim 55. 60. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of a sleep disorder in an individual comprising administering to said individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 55. 61. The method according to claim 60 wherein said sleep disorder comprises fragmented sleep architecture. 62. The method according to claim 60 wherein said effective amount of the compound promotes sleep consolidation. 63. The method according to claim 60 wherein said effective amount of the compound increases delta power. 64. The method according to claim 60 wherein said sleep disorder is a dyssomnia. 65. The method according to claim 64 wherein said dyssomnia is selected from the group consisting of psychophysiological insomnia, sleep state misperception, idiopathic insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, central sleep apnea syndrome, central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome, periodic limb movement disorder, restless leg syndrome, inadequate sleep hygiene, environmental sleep disorder, altitude insomnia, adjustment sleep disorder, insufficient sleep syndrome, limit-setting sleep disorder, sleep-onset association disorder, nocturnal eating or drinking syndrome, hypnotic dependent sleep disorder, stimulant-dependent sleep disorder, alcohol-dependent sleep disorder, toxin-induced sleep disorder, time zone change (jet lag) syndrome, shift work sleep disorder, irregular sleep-wake pattern, delayed sleep phase syndrome, advanced sleep phase syndrome and non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder. 66. The method according to claim 60 wherein said sleep disorder is a parasomnia. 67. The method according to claim 66 wherein said parasomnia is selected from the group consisting of confusional arousals, sleepwalking and sleep terrors, rhythmic movement disorder, sleep starts, sleep talking and nocturnal leg cramps. 68. The method according to claim 67 wherein said sleep disorder is associated with a medical or psychiatric disorder. 69. A method for treating agitation in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 55. 70. A method for the treatment of agitation or a symptom thereof in a patient suffering from dementia comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 55. 71. The method of claim 70, wherein the dementia is due to a degenerative disease of the nervous system. 72. The method of claim 70, wherein the dementia is selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, Lewy Body, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and dementia due to diseases that affect blood vessels, or any combination thereof. 73. A method of treating agitation or a symptom thereof in a patient in need of such treatment, where the patient is a cognitively intact elderly patient, comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 55. 74. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of platelet aggregation in an individual comprising administering to said individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to claim 55. 75. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of an indication selected from the group consisting of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack, angina, stroke, and atrial fibrillation in an individual comprising administering to said individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to claim 55. 76. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of reducing the risk of blood clot formation in an angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery individual comprising administering to said individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to claim 55. 77. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of reducing the risk of blood clot formation in an individual suffering from atrial fibrillation, comprising administering to said individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to claim 55. 78. A process for preparing a composition comprising admixing a compound according to claim 55 and pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 79. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of diabetic-related disorder in an individual comprising administering to said individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 55. 80. The method of claim 79, wherein the diabetic-related disorder is diabetic peripheral neuropathy. 81. The method of claim 79, wherein the diabetic-related disorder is diabetic nephropathy. 82. The method of claim 79, wherein the diabetic-related disorder is diabetic retinopathy. 83. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of an individual suffering from at least one of the indications selected from the group consisting of behavioral disorder, drug induced psychosis, excitative psychosis, Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, manic disorder, organic or NOS psychosis, psychotic disorder, psychosis, acute schizophrenia, chronic schizophrenia and NOS schizophrenia comprising administering to said individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist and a compound of claim 55. 84. The method of claim 83, wherein the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist is haloperidol. 85. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of an individual with infantile autism, Huntington's chorea, or nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy or chemotherapeutic antibodies comprising administering to said individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist and a compound of claim 55. 86. The method of claim 85, wherein the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist is haloperidol. 87. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of alleviating negative symptoms of schizophrenia induced by the administration of haloperidol to an individual suffering from said schizophrenia, comprising administering to said individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 55. 88. The method of claim 87, wherein the haloperidol and the compound of claim 55 are administered in separate dosage forms. 89. The method of claim 87, wherein the haloperidol and the compound of claim 55 are administered in a single dosage form. 90. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of asthma in an individual comprising administering to said individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 55.
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The present invention also relates to the method of prophylaxis or treatment of 5-HT2A serotonin receptor mediated disorders in combination with a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist such as haloperidol, administered separately or together.1.-54. (canceled) 55. A compound of Formula (Im): 56. The compound according to claim 55 wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:
1-[3-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-3-(4-chloro-phenyl)-thiourea;
1-Benzoyl-3-[3-(4-bromo-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-urea;
1-Benzyl-3-[3-(4-bromo-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-urea;
1-[3-(4-Fluoro-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-3-(4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-thiourea;
1-Benzyl-3-[3-(4-chloro-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-urea;
1-[3-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-3-{4-chloro-2-[(2-dimethylamino-ethyl)-methyl-amino]-phenyl}-urea;
1-[3-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-3-{4-chloro-2-[(3-dimethylamino-propyl)-methyl-amino]-phenyl}-urea;
1-[3-(4-Bromo-2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-4-methoxy-phenyl]-3-(2,2-difluoro-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-urea;
1-(4-Chloro-benzyl)-3-[4-(3-dimethylamino-propoxy)-3-(2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenyl]-urea;
1-(2,2-Difluoro-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-[4-(3-dimethylamino-propoxy)-3-(2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenyl]-urea; and
1-(2,2-Difluoro-benzo[1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-[4-(2-dimethylamino-ethoxy)-3-(2-methyl-2H-pyrazol-3-yl)-phenyl]-urea,
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates or solvates thereof. 57. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to claim 55, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 58. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound according to claim 56, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate or solvate thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 59. A method for modulating the activity of a 5HT2A serotonin receptor by contacting the receptor with a compound of claim 55. 60. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of a sleep disorder in an individual comprising administering to said individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 55. 61. The method according to claim 60 wherein said sleep disorder comprises fragmented sleep architecture. 62. The method according to claim 60 wherein said effective amount of the compound promotes sleep consolidation. 63. The method according to claim 60 wherein said effective amount of the compound increases delta power. 64. The method according to claim 60 wherein said sleep disorder is a dyssomnia. 65. The method according to claim 64 wherein said dyssomnia is selected from the group consisting of psychophysiological insomnia, sleep state misperception, idiopathic insomnia, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, central sleep apnea syndrome, central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome, periodic limb movement disorder, restless leg syndrome, inadequate sleep hygiene, environmental sleep disorder, altitude insomnia, adjustment sleep disorder, insufficient sleep syndrome, limit-setting sleep disorder, sleep-onset association disorder, nocturnal eating or drinking syndrome, hypnotic dependent sleep disorder, stimulant-dependent sleep disorder, alcohol-dependent sleep disorder, toxin-induced sleep disorder, time zone change (jet lag) syndrome, shift work sleep disorder, irregular sleep-wake pattern, delayed sleep phase syndrome, advanced sleep phase syndrome and non-24-hour sleep-wake disorder. 66. The method according to claim 60 wherein said sleep disorder is a parasomnia. 67. The method according to claim 66 wherein said parasomnia is selected from the group consisting of confusional arousals, sleepwalking and sleep terrors, rhythmic movement disorder, sleep starts, sleep talking and nocturnal leg cramps. 68. The method according to claim 67 wherein said sleep disorder is associated with a medical or psychiatric disorder. 69. A method for treating agitation in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 55. 70. A method for the treatment of agitation or a symptom thereof in a patient suffering from dementia comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 55. 71. The method of claim 70, wherein the dementia is due to a degenerative disease of the nervous system. 72. The method of claim 70, wherein the dementia is selected from the group consisting of Alzheimer's disease, Lewy Body, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and dementia due to diseases that affect blood vessels, or any combination thereof. 73. A method of treating agitation or a symptom thereof in a patient in need of such treatment, where the patient is a cognitively intact elderly patient, comprising administering to said patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 55. 74. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of platelet aggregation in an individual comprising administering to said individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to claim 55. 75. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of an indication selected from the group consisting of coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack, angina, stroke, and atrial fibrillation in an individual comprising administering to said individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to claim 55. 76. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of reducing the risk of blood clot formation in an angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery individual comprising administering to said individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to claim 55. 77. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of reducing the risk of blood clot formation in an individual suffering from atrial fibrillation, comprising administering to said individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound according to claim 55. 78. A process for preparing a composition comprising admixing a compound according to claim 55 and pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 79. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of diabetic-related disorder in an individual comprising administering to said individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 55. 80. The method of claim 79, wherein the diabetic-related disorder is diabetic peripheral neuropathy. 81. The method of claim 79, wherein the diabetic-related disorder is diabetic nephropathy. 82. The method of claim 79, wherein the diabetic-related disorder is diabetic retinopathy. 83. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of an individual suffering from at least one of the indications selected from the group consisting of behavioral disorder, drug induced psychosis, excitative psychosis, Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, manic disorder, organic or NOS psychosis, psychotic disorder, psychosis, acute schizophrenia, chronic schizophrenia and NOS schizophrenia comprising administering to said individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist and a compound of claim 55. 84. The method of claim 83, wherein the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist is haloperidol. 85. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of an individual with infantile autism, Huntington's chorea, or nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy or chemotherapeutic antibodies comprising administering to said individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist and a compound of claim 55. 86. The method of claim 85, wherein the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist is haloperidol. 87. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of alleviating negative symptoms of schizophrenia induced by the administration of haloperidol to an individual suffering from said schizophrenia, comprising administering to said individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 55. 88. The method of claim 87, wherein the haloperidol and the compound of claim 55 are administered in separate dosage forms. 89. The method of claim 87, wherein the haloperidol and the compound of claim 55 are administered in a single dosage form. 90. A method for prophylaxis or treatment of asthma in an individual comprising administering to said individual in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of claim 55.
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A mobile terminal for controlling display includes: a frame body including a middle frame; a touch screen provided on a front surface of the frame body and attached onto the middle frame; wherein the touch screen covers whole of the front surface of the frame body, or the touch screen covers a remaining area except a predetermined area on the front surface of the frame body, the predetermined area being an exposure area for additional electronic devices provided on the front surface of the frame body; a touch integrated circuit connected with the touch screen; and a processor connected with the touch integrated circuit. According to the disclosure, the whole front surface of the frame body is covered by the touch screen without providing the upper forehead area and the lower button area thereon.
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1. A mobile terminal, wherein the mobile terminal comprises:
a frame body comprising a middle frame; a touch screen provided on a front surface of the frame body and attached onto the middle frame; a touch integrated circuit connected with the touch screen; and a processor connected with the touch integrated circuit; wherein at least one exposure opening for additional electronic devices is provided in the touch screen, the at least one exposure opening being in nonintersection with an edge of the touch screen; and wherein the touch screen covers the whole of the front surface of the frame body and the at least one exposure opening includes non-through holes with light permeability or sound permeability. 2. The mobile terminal according to claim 1, wherein the additional electronic devices comprise at least one of: a front camera, a speaker, a microphone, a light sensor, a proximity sensor, or a signal light. 3. The mobile terminal according to claim 1, wherein,
the at least one exposure opening corresponds to one of the additional electronic devices; or, the at least one exposure opening corresponds to two or more of the additional electronic devices. 4. The mobile terminal according to claim 1, wherein,
both corners adjoined by at least one edge of the touch screen are formed in right angles. 5. A method for controlling a display in a mobile terminal, the mobile terminal comprising: a frame body comprising a middle frame; a touch screen provided on a front surface of the frame body and attached onto the middle frame; a touch integrated circuit connected with the touch screen; and a processor connected with the touch integrated circuit; wherein at least one exposure opening for additional electronic devices is provided in the touch screen, the at least one exposure opening being in nonintersection with an edge of the touch screen; and wherein the touch screen covers the whole of the front surface of the frame body and the at least one exposure opening includes non-through holes with light permeability or sound permeability, the method comprising:
dividing the touch screen into n display regions, where n≥2; controlling a display status for each display region among the n display regions, the display status comprising an activated state and a screen-off state; and controlling display content of a display region in the activated state. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the dividing the touch screen into n display regions comprises:
dividing the touch screen into the n display regions according to a system default operation manner of the mobile terminal. 7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the controlling a display status for each display region among the n display regions comprises:
enabling at least one of the n display regions into the activated state, when a first preset operation is detected in the at least one of the n display regions; or, enabling the n display regions into the activated state when a second preset operation is detected in at least one of the n display regions. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the controlling display content of a display region in the activated state comprises:
determining a display content type corresponding to the display region in the activated state according to a preset correspondence, the preset correspondence indicating a correspondence between each display region and respective display content type thereof; and providing display content of the display content type as the display content of the display region. 9. The method according to claim 5, wherein the controlling a display status for each display region among the n display regions comprises:
enabling, when unprocessed information is received at the mobile terminal, a display region corresponding to the unprocessed information into the activated state according to a display content type of the unprocessed information and a preset correspondence, the preset correspondence indicating a correspondence between each display region and respective display content type thereof; wherein the unprocessed information comprising either unread short message or notification message. 10. An apparatus for controlling a display in a mobile terminal, the mobile terminal comprising: a frame body comprising a middle frame; a touch screen provided on a front surface of the frame body and attached onto the middle frame; a touch integrated circuit connected with the touch screen; and a processor connected with the touch integrated circuit; wherein at least one exposure opening for additional electronic devices is provided in the touch screen, the at least one exposure opening being in nonintersection with an edge of the touch screen; and wherein the touch screen covers the whole of the front surface of the frame body and the at least one exposure opening includes non-through holes with light permeability or sound permeability, the apparatus comprising:
a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor; wherein the processor is further configured to: divide the touch screen into n display regions, wherein n≥2; control a display status for each display region among the n display regions, the display status comprising an activated state and a screen-off state; and control display content of a display region in the activated state. 11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to divide the touch screen into the n display regions according to a system default operation manner of the mobile terminal. 12. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to enable at least one of the n display regions into the activated state, when a first preset operation is detected in the at least one of the n display regions; or,
the processor is configured to enable the n display regions into the activated state when a second preset operation is detected in at least one of the n display regions. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to determine a display content type corresponding to the display region in the activated state according to a preset correspondence, the preset correspondence indicating a correspondence between each display region and respective display content type thereof; and provide display content of the display content type as the display content of the display region. 14. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein, the processor is configured to, when unprocessed information is received at the mobile terminal, enable a display region corresponding to the unprocessed information into the activated state according to a display content type of the unprocessed information and a preset correspondence, the preset correspondence indicating a correspondence between each display region and respective display content type thereof; wherein the unprocessed information comprising either unread short message or notification message.
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A mobile terminal for controlling display includes: a frame body including a middle frame; a touch screen provided on a front surface of the frame body and attached onto the middle frame; wherein the touch screen covers whole of the front surface of the frame body, or the touch screen covers a remaining area except a predetermined area on the front surface of the frame body, the predetermined area being an exposure area for additional electronic devices provided on the front surface of the frame body; a touch integrated circuit connected with the touch screen; and a processor connected with the touch integrated circuit. According to the disclosure, the whole front surface of the frame body is covered by the touch screen without providing the upper forehead area and the lower button area thereon.1. A mobile terminal, wherein the mobile terminal comprises:
a frame body comprising a middle frame; a touch screen provided on a front surface of the frame body and attached onto the middle frame; a touch integrated circuit connected with the touch screen; and a processor connected with the touch integrated circuit; wherein at least one exposure opening for additional electronic devices is provided in the touch screen, the at least one exposure opening being in nonintersection with an edge of the touch screen; and wherein the touch screen covers the whole of the front surface of the frame body and the at least one exposure opening includes non-through holes with light permeability or sound permeability. 2. The mobile terminal according to claim 1, wherein the additional electronic devices comprise at least one of: a front camera, a speaker, a microphone, a light sensor, a proximity sensor, or a signal light. 3. The mobile terminal according to claim 1, wherein,
the at least one exposure opening corresponds to one of the additional electronic devices; or, the at least one exposure opening corresponds to two or more of the additional electronic devices. 4. The mobile terminal according to claim 1, wherein,
both corners adjoined by at least one edge of the touch screen are formed in right angles. 5. A method for controlling a display in a mobile terminal, the mobile terminal comprising: a frame body comprising a middle frame; a touch screen provided on a front surface of the frame body and attached onto the middle frame; a touch integrated circuit connected with the touch screen; and a processor connected with the touch integrated circuit; wherein at least one exposure opening for additional electronic devices is provided in the touch screen, the at least one exposure opening being in nonintersection with an edge of the touch screen; and wherein the touch screen covers the whole of the front surface of the frame body and the at least one exposure opening includes non-through holes with light permeability or sound permeability, the method comprising:
dividing the touch screen into n display regions, where n≥2; controlling a display status for each display region among the n display regions, the display status comprising an activated state and a screen-off state; and controlling display content of a display region in the activated state. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the dividing the touch screen into n display regions comprises:
dividing the touch screen into the n display regions according to a system default operation manner of the mobile terminal. 7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the controlling a display status for each display region among the n display regions comprises:
enabling at least one of the n display regions into the activated state, when a first preset operation is detected in the at least one of the n display regions; or, enabling the n display regions into the activated state when a second preset operation is detected in at least one of the n display regions. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the controlling display content of a display region in the activated state comprises:
determining a display content type corresponding to the display region in the activated state according to a preset correspondence, the preset correspondence indicating a correspondence between each display region and respective display content type thereof; and providing display content of the display content type as the display content of the display region. 9. The method according to claim 5, wherein the controlling a display status for each display region among the n display regions comprises:
enabling, when unprocessed information is received at the mobile terminal, a display region corresponding to the unprocessed information into the activated state according to a display content type of the unprocessed information and a preset correspondence, the preset correspondence indicating a correspondence between each display region and respective display content type thereof; wherein the unprocessed information comprising either unread short message or notification message. 10. An apparatus for controlling a display in a mobile terminal, the mobile terminal comprising: a frame body comprising a middle frame; a touch screen provided on a front surface of the frame body and attached onto the middle frame; a touch integrated circuit connected with the touch screen; and a processor connected with the touch integrated circuit; wherein at least one exposure opening for additional electronic devices is provided in the touch screen, the at least one exposure opening being in nonintersection with an edge of the touch screen; and wherein the touch screen covers the whole of the front surface of the frame body and the at least one exposure opening includes non-through holes with light permeability or sound permeability, the apparatus comprising:
a memory for storing instructions executable by the processor; wherein the processor is further configured to: divide the touch screen into n display regions, wherein n≥2; control a display status for each display region among the n display regions, the display status comprising an activated state and a screen-off state; and control display content of a display region in the activated state. 11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to divide the touch screen into the n display regions according to a system default operation manner of the mobile terminal. 12. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to enable at least one of the n display regions into the activated state, when a first preset operation is detected in the at least one of the n display regions; or,
the processor is configured to enable the n display regions into the activated state when a second preset operation is detected in at least one of the n display regions. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, wherein the processor is configured to determine a display content type corresponding to the display region in the activated state according to a preset correspondence, the preset correspondence indicating a correspondence between each display region and respective display content type thereof; and provide display content of the display content type as the display content of the display region. 14. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein, the processor is configured to, when unprocessed information is received at the mobile terminal, enable a display region corresponding to the unprocessed information into the activated state according to a display content type of the unprocessed information and a preset correspondence, the preset correspondence indicating a correspondence between each display region and respective display content type thereof; wherein the unprocessed information comprising either unread short message or notification message.
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Rationalization of network predictions using similarity to known connections is provided. In various embodiments, a graph is read. The graph comprises a plurality of nodes. Each of the plurality of nodes corresponds to an entity or property. The plurality of nodes is interconnected by a plurality of edges. Each edge corresponds to a relationship between connected nodes. A new edge in the graph is predicted. The new edge corresponds to a relationship between a first node and a second node. The first node corresponds to an entity and the second node corresponds to an entity or property. One or more additional nodes connected to the second node is located. The one or more additional nodes is scored according to its connections in common with the first node. One or more sources is provided to a user describing the connection between the one or more additional node and the second node.
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1. A method comprising:
reading a graph comprising a plurality of nodes, each of the plurality of nodes corresponding to an entity or property, the plurality of nodes being interconnected by a plurality of edges, each edge corresponding to a relationship between connected nodes; predicting a new edge in the graph, the new edge corresponding to a predicted relationship between a first node and a second node, the first node corresponding to an entity and the second node corresponding to an entity or property; locating one or more additional nodes connected to the second node, thereby determining a set of relationships including the second node's corresponding entity or property; ordering the set of relationships according to their similarity to the predicted relationship; providing to a user one or more sources associated with those of the set of relationships having the highest order. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the entities comprise a gene, a target, a disease condition, or a phenotype. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the relationships comprise acts-on or has-property. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the graph is represented as a matrix. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the matrix is a binary matrix. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
providing to the user one or more extracts of the one or more sources, the extracts describing the connection between the one or more additional node and the second node. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
constructing the graph by textual analysis of existing literature. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein ordering the set of relationships comprises:
computing a probability of random occurance. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein computing the probability comprises computing a chi squared probability. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein computing the probability comprises applying Fisher's exact test. 11. The method of claim 4, wherein predicting the new edge in the graph comprises:
factorizing the matrix and computing a product matrix therefrom. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein scoring the one or more additional nodes comprises:
locating non-zero values in the product matrix. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein factorizing the matrix comprises applying alternating least squares matrix factorization. 14. A system comprising:
a computing node comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor of the computing node to cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
reading a graph comprising a plurality of nodes, each of the plurality of nodes corresponding to an entity or property, the plurality of nodes being interconnected by a plurality of edges, each edge corresponding to a relationship between connected nodes;
predicting a new edge in the graph, the new edge corresponding to a predicted relationship between a first node and a second node, the first node corresponding to an entity and the second node corresponding to an entity or property;
locating one or more additional nodes connected to the second node, thereby determining a set of relationships including the second node's corresponding entity or property;
ordering the set of relationships according to their similarity to the predicted relationship;
providing to a user one or more sources associated with those of the set of relationships having the highest order. 15. A computer program product for providing context for predicted biologic connections, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
reading a graph comprising a plurality of nodes, each of the plurality of nodes corresponding to an entity or property, the plurality of nodes being interconnected by a plurality of edges, each edge corresponding to a relationship between connected nodes; predicting a new edge in the graph, the new edge corresponding to a predicted relationship between a first node and a second node, the first node corresponding to an entity and the second node corresponding to an entity or property; locating one or more additional nodes connected to the second node, thereby determining a set of relationships including the second node's corresponding entity or property; ordering the set of relationships according to their similarity to the predicted relationship; providing to a user one or more sources associated with those of the set of relationships having the highest order.
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Rationalization of network predictions using similarity to known connections is provided. In various embodiments, a graph is read. The graph comprises a plurality of nodes. Each of the plurality of nodes corresponds to an entity or property. The plurality of nodes is interconnected by a plurality of edges. Each edge corresponds to a relationship between connected nodes. A new edge in the graph is predicted. The new edge corresponds to a relationship between a first node and a second node. The first node corresponds to an entity and the second node corresponds to an entity or property. One or more additional nodes connected to the second node is located. The one or more additional nodes is scored according to its connections in common with the first node. One or more sources is provided to a user describing the connection between the one or more additional node and the second node.1. A method comprising:
reading a graph comprising a plurality of nodes, each of the plurality of nodes corresponding to an entity or property, the plurality of nodes being interconnected by a plurality of edges, each edge corresponding to a relationship between connected nodes; predicting a new edge in the graph, the new edge corresponding to a predicted relationship between a first node and a second node, the first node corresponding to an entity and the second node corresponding to an entity or property; locating one or more additional nodes connected to the second node, thereby determining a set of relationships including the second node's corresponding entity or property; ordering the set of relationships according to their similarity to the predicted relationship; providing to a user one or more sources associated with those of the set of relationships having the highest order. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the entities comprise a gene, a target, a disease condition, or a phenotype. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the relationships comprise acts-on or has-property. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the graph is represented as a matrix. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the matrix is a binary matrix. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
providing to the user one or more extracts of the one or more sources, the extracts describing the connection between the one or more additional node and the second node. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
constructing the graph by textual analysis of existing literature. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein ordering the set of relationships comprises:
computing a probability of random occurance. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein computing the probability comprises computing a chi squared probability. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein computing the probability comprises applying Fisher's exact test. 11. The method of claim 4, wherein predicting the new edge in the graph comprises:
factorizing the matrix and computing a product matrix therefrom. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein scoring the one or more additional nodes comprises:
locating non-zero values in the product matrix. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein factorizing the matrix comprises applying alternating least squares matrix factorization. 14. A system comprising:
a computing node comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor of the computing node to cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
reading a graph comprising a plurality of nodes, each of the plurality of nodes corresponding to an entity or property, the plurality of nodes being interconnected by a plurality of edges, each edge corresponding to a relationship between connected nodes;
predicting a new edge in the graph, the new edge corresponding to a predicted relationship between a first node and a second node, the first node corresponding to an entity and the second node corresponding to an entity or property;
locating one or more additional nodes connected to the second node, thereby determining a set of relationships including the second node's corresponding entity or property;
ordering the set of relationships according to their similarity to the predicted relationship;
providing to a user one or more sources associated with those of the set of relationships having the highest order. 15. A computer program product for providing context for predicted biologic connections, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
reading a graph comprising a plurality of nodes, each of the plurality of nodes corresponding to an entity or property, the plurality of nodes being interconnected by a plurality of edges, each edge corresponding to a relationship between connected nodes; predicting a new edge in the graph, the new edge corresponding to a predicted relationship between a first node and a second node, the first node corresponding to an entity and the second node corresponding to an entity or property; locating one or more additional nodes connected to the second node, thereby determining a set of relationships including the second node's corresponding entity or property; ordering the set of relationships according to their similarity to the predicted relationship; providing to a user one or more sources associated with those of the set of relationships having the highest order.
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Some embodiments provide a statistics collection framework that is used to aggregate statistic for interfaces such as logical ports and logical port pairs. Flows that are related with these interfaces are tagged with the identifier of the logical entities for which statistics are being collected. The interface statistics is periodically sent in the background to a statistics aggregator. The read queries for the interface statistics are directed to the statistics aggregator. The statistics aggregator, therefore, acts as a cumulative cache for the interface statistics.
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1-22. (canceled) 23. A method of collecting statistics for a logical interface of a logical forwarding element (LFE), the method comprising:
defining a flow entry for performing operations on packets received at the logical interface; sending the flow entry to a plurality of physical forwarding elements (PFEs) executing on a plurality of computers that implement the LFE and the logical interface; receiving, from the plurality of PFEs, statistical values relating to packets on which operations were performed based on the flow entry; and aggregating the statistical values received from the plurality of PFEs to provide an aggregate statistical value relating to the logical interface implemented by the plurality of PFEs. 24. The method of claim 23 further comprising
defining a tag that identifies the logical interface;
distributing the flow entry with the tag;
wherein receiving the statistical values comprises receiving the statistical values with the tag, and aggregating the statistical values comprises aggregating the statistical values associated with the same tag. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the tag identifier of the interface is a universally unique identifier (UUID) of the particular interface. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the tag identifier that identifies the logical interface comprises an identifier of a port connecting the logical interface to a physical or logical forwarding element. 27. The method of claim 23, wherein the statistical values are received from the physical forwarding elements for a particular time interval. 28. The method of claim 23, wherein aggregating the statistical values comprises adding a difference between new statistic values received for the flow entry and prior statistical values previously received for the flow entry. 29. The method of claim 23, wherein at least a subset of the computers on which at least a subset of PFEs operate are host computers on which data compute nodes associated with the LFE execute. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein an interface in the set of interfaces comprises one of a virtual network interface card (VNIC) connecting a data compute node (DCN) that executes on a host computer to a PFE operating on the host computer, and an uplink interface connecting a physical network interface card (PNIC) to the PFE operating on the host computer. 31. The method of claim 23, wherein a PFE of the computer (1) computes statistical values by matching different packets to the received flow entry, and incrementing a statistic value maintained for the packets matching the flow entry, and (2) provides the incremented statistical values to a data collector on the computer along with the tag identifier to identify the statistics collected for the logical interface. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein receiving the statistic values comprises receiving the statistic values from the data collectors executing on the computers. 33. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing a program that when executed by at least one processing unit collects statistics for a logical interface of a logical forwarding element (LFE), the program comprises sets of instructions for:
defining a flow entry for performing operations on packets received at the logical interface; sending the flow entry to a plurality of physical forwarding elements (PFEs) executing on a plurality of computers that implement the LFE and the logical interface; receiving, from the plurality of PFEs, statistical values relating to packets on which operations were performed based on the flow entry; and aggregating the statistical values received from the plurality of PFEs to provide an aggregate statistical value relating to the logical interface implemented by the plurality of PFEs. 34. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 33, wherein the program further comprises sets of instructions for:
defining a tag that identifies the logical interface; distributing the flow entry with the tag; wherein the set of instructions for receiving the statistical values comprises a set of instructions for receiving the statistical values with the tag, and the set of instructions for aggregating the statistical values comprises a set of instructions for aggregating the statistical values associated with the same tag. 35. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 34, wherein the tag identifier of the interface is a universally unique identifier (UUID) of the particular interface. 36. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 34, wherein the tag identifier that identifies the logical interface comprises an identifier of a port connecting the logical interface to a physical or logical forwarding element. 37. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 33, wherein the statistical values are received from the physical forwarding elements for a particular time interval. 38. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 33, wherein the set of instructions for aggregating the statistical values comprises a set of instructions for adding a difference between new statistic values received for the flow entry and prior statistical values previously received for the flow entry. 39. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 33, wherein at least a subset of the computers on which at least a subset of PFEs operate are host computers on which data compute nodes associated with the LFE execute. 40. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 39, wherein an interface in the set of interfaces comprises one of a virtual network interface card (VNIC) connecting a data compute node (DCN) that executes on a host computer to a PFE operating on the host computer, and an uplink interface connecting a physical network interface card (PNIC) to the PFE operating on the host computer. 41. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 33, wherein a PFE of the computer (1) computes statistical values by matching different packets to the received flow entry, and incrementing a statistic value maintained for the packets matching the flow entry, and (2) provides the incremented statistical values to a data collector on the computer along with the tag identifier to identify the statistics collected for the logical interface. 42. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 41, wherein the set of instructions for receiving the statistic values comprises a set of instructions for receiving the statistic values from the data collectors executing on the computers.
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Some embodiments provide a statistics collection framework that is used to aggregate statistic for interfaces such as logical ports and logical port pairs. Flows that are related with these interfaces are tagged with the identifier of the logical entities for which statistics are being collected. The interface statistics is periodically sent in the background to a statistics aggregator. The read queries for the interface statistics are directed to the statistics aggregator. The statistics aggregator, therefore, acts as a cumulative cache for the interface statistics.1-22. (canceled) 23. A method of collecting statistics for a logical interface of a logical forwarding element (LFE), the method comprising:
defining a flow entry for performing operations on packets received at the logical interface; sending the flow entry to a plurality of physical forwarding elements (PFEs) executing on a plurality of computers that implement the LFE and the logical interface; receiving, from the plurality of PFEs, statistical values relating to packets on which operations were performed based on the flow entry; and aggregating the statistical values received from the plurality of PFEs to provide an aggregate statistical value relating to the logical interface implemented by the plurality of PFEs. 24. The method of claim 23 further comprising
defining a tag that identifies the logical interface;
distributing the flow entry with the tag;
wherein receiving the statistical values comprises receiving the statistical values with the tag, and aggregating the statistical values comprises aggregating the statistical values associated with the same tag. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the tag identifier of the interface is a universally unique identifier (UUID) of the particular interface. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the tag identifier that identifies the logical interface comprises an identifier of a port connecting the logical interface to a physical or logical forwarding element. 27. The method of claim 23, wherein the statistical values are received from the physical forwarding elements for a particular time interval. 28. The method of claim 23, wherein aggregating the statistical values comprises adding a difference between new statistic values received for the flow entry and prior statistical values previously received for the flow entry. 29. The method of claim 23, wherein at least a subset of the computers on which at least a subset of PFEs operate are host computers on which data compute nodes associated with the LFE execute. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein an interface in the set of interfaces comprises one of a virtual network interface card (VNIC) connecting a data compute node (DCN) that executes on a host computer to a PFE operating on the host computer, and an uplink interface connecting a physical network interface card (PNIC) to the PFE operating on the host computer. 31. The method of claim 23, wherein a PFE of the computer (1) computes statistical values by matching different packets to the received flow entry, and incrementing a statistic value maintained for the packets matching the flow entry, and (2) provides the incremented statistical values to a data collector on the computer along with the tag identifier to identify the statistics collected for the logical interface. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein receiving the statistic values comprises receiving the statistic values from the data collectors executing on the computers. 33. A non-transitory machine readable medium storing a program that when executed by at least one processing unit collects statistics for a logical interface of a logical forwarding element (LFE), the program comprises sets of instructions for:
defining a flow entry for performing operations on packets received at the logical interface; sending the flow entry to a plurality of physical forwarding elements (PFEs) executing on a plurality of computers that implement the LFE and the logical interface; receiving, from the plurality of PFEs, statistical values relating to packets on which operations were performed based on the flow entry; and aggregating the statistical values received from the plurality of PFEs to provide an aggregate statistical value relating to the logical interface implemented by the plurality of PFEs. 34. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 33, wherein the program further comprises sets of instructions for:
defining a tag that identifies the logical interface; distributing the flow entry with the tag; wherein the set of instructions for receiving the statistical values comprises a set of instructions for receiving the statistical values with the tag, and the set of instructions for aggregating the statistical values comprises a set of instructions for aggregating the statistical values associated with the same tag. 35. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 34, wherein the tag identifier of the interface is a universally unique identifier (UUID) of the particular interface. 36. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 34, wherein the tag identifier that identifies the logical interface comprises an identifier of a port connecting the logical interface to a physical or logical forwarding element. 37. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 33, wherein the statistical values are received from the physical forwarding elements for a particular time interval. 38. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 33, wherein the set of instructions for aggregating the statistical values comprises a set of instructions for adding a difference between new statistic values received for the flow entry and prior statistical values previously received for the flow entry. 39. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 33, wherein at least a subset of the computers on which at least a subset of PFEs operate are host computers on which data compute nodes associated with the LFE execute. 40. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 39, wherein an interface in the set of interfaces comprises one of a virtual network interface card (VNIC) connecting a data compute node (DCN) that executes on a host computer to a PFE operating on the host computer, and an uplink interface connecting a physical network interface card (PNIC) to the PFE operating on the host computer. 41. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 33, wherein a PFE of the computer (1) computes statistical values by matching different packets to the received flow entry, and incrementing a statistic value maintained for the packets matching the flow entry, and (2) provides the incremented statistical values to a data collector on the computer along with the tag identifier to identify the statistics collected for the logical interface. 42. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 41, wherein the set of instructions for receiving the statistic values comprises a set of instructions for receiving the statistic values from the data collectors executing on the computers.
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| 16,799,518
| 2,471
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Image display apparatus and methods may use a single imaging element such as a digital mirror device (DMD) to spatially modulate plural color channels. A color channel may include a light steering element such as a phase modulator. Steered light from a light steering element may be combined with or replaced by additional light to better display bright images. These technologies may be provided together or applied individually.
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1. An image projector comprising:
a light source operable to emit light having separable first and second components; a beam splitter arranged to divide the light into a first path carrying light having the first component and a second path carrying light having the second component; an optical combiner arranged to combine the light from the first and second paths and to direct the combined light onto an imaging element operative to spatially modulate the combined light; a phase modulator located in the first path between the beam splitter and the optical combiner, the phase modulator operable to provide a phase pattern which causes the light having the first component to be selectively steered to desired locations on the imaging element; and a projection lens operative to project the combined light that has been modulated by the imaging element. 2. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the first component is a first polarization component having a first polarization state and the second component is a second polarization component having a second polarization state. 3. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the imaging element comprises an amplitude modulator. 4. The image projector according to claim 3 wherein the amplitude modulator comprises a DMD. 5. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the phase modulator comprises an LCOS phase modulator. 6. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the light from the first and second paths is incident on the imaging element from the same angle of incidence. 7. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the light source comprises a fiber-coupled light emitting diode. 8. The image projector according to claim 2 wherein the first polarization component is a P-polarized component and the second polarization component is an S-polarized component. 9. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the optical combiner comprises a color beam splitter. 10. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the optical combiner comprises a dichroic mirror. 11. The image projector according to claim 1 comprising an optical homogenizer in the second path between the beam splitter and the imaging element. 12. The image projector according to claim 11 comprising an aperture in the second path between the optical homogenizer and the imaging element, the aperture controllable to adjust the amount of light from the second path incident on the imaging element . 13. The image projector according to claim 12 wherein the optical homogenizer comprises a fly's eye lens array. 14. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the light source comprises a source of blue light. 15. The image projector according to claim 1 comprising a controller operative to control an output of the light source in response to image data. 16. The image projector according to claim 1 comprising a controller configured to process video image data to identify a degree of brightness of a frame and, if the frame is dark to control the phase modulator to steer light from the first path onto the imaging element and to control the imaging element to modulate the steered light to display an image specified for the frame. 17. The image projector according to claim 16 wherein the controller is further configured to, if the frame is bright, cause the imaging element to be illuminated by light that has not been steered by the phase modulator. 18. The image projector according to claim 2 comprising a polarizer mounted for rotation, the polarizer located to polarize light between the light source and the beam splitter. 19. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the imaging element comprises an amplitude modulator configured to restore finer details of a target image 20. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the imaging element is part of a refinement module and the refinement module comprises a de-speckling module. 21. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the imaging element is part of a refinement module and the refinement module comprises a polarization-varying device. 22. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the imaging element is part of a refinement module and the refinement module is operative to provide high spatial frequency detail to a light-field provided by the combined light that has been modulated by the imaging element. 23. The image projector according to claim 22 wherein the refinement module is operative to minimize visual artifacts introduced by the phase modulator into the combined light. 24. The image projector according to claim 23 comprising a unit configured to analyse the light from the first path. 25. The image projector according to claim 1 comprising an array of integration rods in the first path between the phase modulator and the imaging element. 26. A color image projector comprising a plurality of channels, each of the channels comprising:
an imaging element; a light source operable to illuminate the imaging element with light having separable first and second components; a beam splitter arranged to divide the light into a first path carrying light having the first component and a second path carrying light having the second component; a phase modulator located in the first path between the beam splitter and the imaging element, the phase modulator operable to provide a phase pattern which causes the light from the first path to be steered to desired locations on the imaging element; an optical combiner arranged upstream from the imaging element and configured to combine the light from the first path with light from the second path such that the imaging element is illuminated by light of the first component and the light of the second component; the color image projector further comprising:
an optical system including a projection lens, the optical system operative to combine light that has been modulated by the imaging elements of the plurality of channels and to project the combined light. 27. The image projector according to claim 19 wherein the first component is a first polarization component having a first polarization state and the second component is a second polarization component having a second polarization state. 28. The color image projector according to claim 26 wherein the plurality of channels comprise a red channel, a green channel and a blue channel and the light source comprises a red light emitting diode, a green light emitting diode and a blue light emitting diode for the red, green and blue channels respectively.
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Image display apparatus and methods may use a single imaging element such as a digital mirror device (DMD) to spatially modulate plural color channels. A color channel may include a light steering element such as a phase modulator. Steered light from a light steering element may be combined with or replaced by additional light to better display bright images. These technologies may be provided together or applied individually.1. An image projector comprising:
a light source operable to emit light having separable first and second components; a beam splitter arranged to divide the light into a first path carrying light having the first component and a second path carrying light having the second component; an optical combiner arranged to combine the light from the first and second paths and to direct the combined light onto an imaging element operative to spatially modulate the combined light; a phase modulator located in the first path between the beam splitter and the optical combiner, the phase modulator operable to provide a phase pattern which causes the light having the first component to be selectively steered to desired locations on the imaging element; and a projection lens operative to project the combined light that has been modulated by the imaging element. 2. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the first component is a first polarization component having a first polarization state and the second component is a second polarization component having a second polarization state. 3. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the imaging element comprises an amplitude modulator. 4. The image projector according to claim 3 wherein the amplitude modulator comprises a DMD. 5. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the phase modulator comprises an LCOS phase modulator. 6. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the light from the first and second paths is incident on the imaging element from the same angle of incidence. 7. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the light source comprises a fiber-coupled light emitting diode. 8. The image projector according to claim 2 wherein the first polarization component is a P-polarized component and the second polarization component is an S-polarized component. 9. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the optical combiner comprises a color beam splitter. 10. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the optical combiner comprises a dichroic mirror. 11. The image projector according to claim 1 comprising an optical homogenizer in the second path between the beam splitter and the imaging element. 12. The image projector according to claim 11 comprising an aperture in the second path between the optical homogenizer and the imaging element, the aperture controllable to adjust the amount of light from the second path incident on the imaging element . 13. The image projector according to claim 12 wherein the optical homogenizer comprises a fly's eye lens array. 14. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the light source comprises a source of blue light. 15. The image projector according to claim 1 comprising a controller operative to control an output of the light source in response to image data. 16. The image projector according to claim 1 comprising a controller configured to process video image data to identify a degree of brightness of a frame and, if the frame is dark to control the phase modulator to steer light from the first path onto the imaging element and to control the imaging element to modulate the steered light to display an image specified for the frame. 17. The image projector according to claim 16 wherein the controller is further configured to, if the frame is bright, cause the imaging element to be illuminated by light that has not been steered by the phase modulator. 18. The image projector according to claim 2 comprising a polarizer mounted for rotation, the polarizer located to polarize light between the light source and the beam splitter. 19. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the imaging element comprises an amplitude modulator configured to restore finer details of a target image 20. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the imaging element is part of a refinement module and the refinement module comprises a de-speckling module. 21. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the imaging element is part of a refinement module and the refinement module comprises a polarization-varying device. 22. The image projector according to claim 1 wherein the imaging element is part of a refinement module and the refinement module is operative to provide high spatial frequency detail to a light-field provided by the combined light that has been modulated by the imaging element. 23. The image projector according to claim 22 wherein the refinement module is operative to minimize visual artifacts introduced by the phase modulator into the combined light. 24. The image projector according to claim 23 comprising a unit configured to analyse the light from the first path. 25. The image projector according to claim 1 comprising an array of integration rods in the first path between the phase modulator and the imaging element. 26. A color image projector comprising a plurality of channels, each of the channels comprising:
an imaging element; a light source operable to illuminate the imaging element with light having separable first and second components; a beam splitter arranged to divide the light into a first path carrying light having the first component and a second path carrying light having the second component; a phase modulator located in the first path between the beam splitter and the imaging element, the phase modulator operable to provide a phase pattern which causes the light from the first path to be steered to desired locations on the imaging element; an optical combiner arranged upstream from the imaging element and configured to combine the light from the first path with light from the second path such that the imaging element is illuminated by light of the first component and the light of the second component; the color image projector further comprising:
an optical system including a projection lens, the optical system operative to combine light that has been modulated by the imaging elements of the plurality of channels and to project the combined light. 27. The image projector according to claim 19 wherein the first component is a first polarization component having a first polarization state and the second component is a second polarization component having a second polarization state. 28. The color image projector according to claim 26 wherein the plurality of channels comprise a red channel, a green channel and a blue channel and the light source comprises a red light emitting diode, a green light emitting diode and a blue light emitting diode for the red, green and blue channels respectively.
| 2,400
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337,955
| 16,799,609
| 1,654
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The present disclosure generally relates to the use of des-aspartate-angiotensin I and/or its derivatives in medicine. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of des-aspartate-angiotensin I and/or its derivatives for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of inflammatory diseases or pathologies, for inducing anti-inflammatory actions and/or reducing inflammation, and/or for treatment of inflammation-related conditions.
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1-56. (canceled) 57. A method for treatment and/or prevention of inflammatory diseases and pathologies or diseases that are inflammatory in nature in a subject in need of such treatment and/or prevention comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of des-aspartate-angiotensin I or its derivatives. 58. The method of claim 57 wherein the inflammatory diseases and pathologies or diseases that are inflammatory in nature are selected from the group consisting of
1.) diseases resulting from exposure to a vesicant or toxic chemical that causes systemic and/or localized inflammation;
2.) skeletal muscle damage that resulted from unaccustomed or excessive strenuous use or exercise;
3.) heat stroke that resulted from exposure to high ambient temperature or strenuous exercise;
4.) Parkinson's disease or degenerative brain conditions resulting from inflammation;
5.) diseases that are caused by over-expressed proinflammatory cytokines;
6.) diseases that are caused by overproduction of ROS;
7.) diseases that are caused by LPS or gram negative bacteria that produce LPS;
8.) malignant and invasive growth, tumor, tumor metastasis or cancer;
9.) inflammatory diseases that are ameliorated or cured by the agonistic action of des-aspartate-angiotensin I and/or its derivatives on the angiotensin AT1 receptor in which PGE2 and PG12 are produced by COX1. 59. The method according to claim 58, wherein des-aspartate-angiotensin I or its derivatives is administered in conjunction with at least one pharmaceutical agent.
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The present disclosure generally relates to the use of des-aspartate-angiotensin I and/or its derivatives in medicine. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of des-aspartate-angiotensin I and/or its derivatives for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of inflammatory diseases or pathologies, for inducing anti-inflammatory actions and/or reducing inflammation, and/or for treatment of inflammation-related conditions.1-56. (canceled) 57. A method for treatment and/or prevention of inflammatory diseases and pathologies or diseases that are inflammatory in nature in a subject in need of such treatment and/or prevention comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of des-aspartate-angiotensin I or its derivatives. 58. The method of claim 57 wherein the inflammatory diseases and pathologies or diseases that are inflammatory in nature are selected from the group consisting of
1.) diseases resulting from exposure to a vesicant or toxic chemical that causes systemic and/or localized inflammation;
2.) skeletal muscle damage that resulted from unaccustomed or excessive strenuous use or exercise;
3.) heat stroke that resulted from exposure to high ambient temperature or strenuous exercise;
4.) Parkinson's disease or degenerative brain conditions resulting from inflammation;
5.) diseases that are caused by over-expressed proinflammatory cytokines;
6.) diseases that are caused by overproduction of ROS;
7.) diseases that are caused by LPS or gram negative bacteria that produce LPS;
8.) malignant and invasive growth, tumor, tumor metastasis or cancer;
9.) inflammatory diseases that are ameliorated or cured by the agonistic action of des-aspartate-angiotensin I and/or its derivatives on the angiotensin AT1 receptor in which PGE2 and PG12 are produced by COX1. 59. The method according to claim 58, wherein des-aspartate-angiotensin I or its derivatives is administered in conjunction with at least one pharmaceutical agent.
| 1,600
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337,956
| 16,799,536
| 1,654
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Novel siRNA and shRNA nanocapsules and delivery methods are disclosed herein. These siRNA and shRNA nanocapsules and delivery methods are highly robust and effective. This invention provides a platform for RNAi delivery with low toxicity and long intracellular half-life for practical therapeutic applications.
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1. A method of treating a subject having a disease or disorder or at risk of developing a disease or disorder, wherein the disease or disorder is characterized by over expression of a gene, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, a polymer nanocapsule comprising a polymer shell and a nucleic acid selected from the group consisting of: an siRNA, an shRNA expression DNA cassette, and a dsRNA, 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the siRNA, shRNA expression DNA cassette, or dsRNA knocks down or decreases expression of the gene. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more crosslinkers comprise:
a. a degradable crosslinker selected from the group consisting of: 1,3-glycerol dimethacrylate, glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate diacrylate, N,N′-bis(acryloyl)cystamine, bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]phosphate and bisacryloylated polypeptide; and b. a non-degradable crosslinker, wherein the non-degradable cross linker is N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, 4. The method of claim 1, wherein all of the crosslinkers are selected from the group consisting of: 1,3-glycerol dimethacrylate, glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate diacrylate, N,N′-bis(acryloyl)cystamine, bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]phosphate and bisacryloylated polypeptide. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more positively charged monomers is selected from the group comprising N-(3-((4-((3-aminopropyl)amino)butyl)amino)propyl)methacrylamide, N-(3-((4-aminobutyl)amino)propyl)acrylamide, N-(3-((4-aminobutyl)amino)propyl)methacrylamide, N-(2-((2-aminoethyl)(methyl)amino)ethyl)acrylamide, N-(2-((2-aminoethyl)(methyl)amino)ethyl) methacrylamide, N-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)acrylamide, N-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)methacrylamide, N-(2-(bis(2-aminoethyl)amino)ethyl)acrylamide, and N-(2-(bis(2-aminoethyl)amino)ethyl)methacrylamide. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer shell comprises N-(3-((4-((3-aminopropyl)amino)butyl)amino)propyl)acrylamide; 1,3-glycerol dimethacrylate; and N-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-2-yl)acrylamide. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer shell comprises N-(3-((4-((3-aminopropyl)amino)butyl)amino)propyl)acrylamide; glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate diacrylate; and acrylamide. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer shell comprises N-(3-((4-((3-aminopropyl)amino)butyl)amino)propyl)acrylamide; 1,3-glycerol dimethacrylate; and N-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-2-yl)acrylamide. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer shell comprises N-(3-((4-((3-aminopropyl)amino)butyl)amino)propyl)acrylamide; glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate diacrylate; and acrylamide. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer shell has a diameter of approximately 20 nm to 250 nm. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer nanocapsule is conjugated to a targeting agent. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease or disorder is a cellular proliferative and/or differentiative disorder, an immune or immunodeficiency disorder, a viral infection, a neurological or neurodegenerative disorder. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the disease or disorder is cancer, pachyonychia congenital, age-related macular degeneration, choroidal neovascularization, metastatic melanoma, metastatic melanoma without CNS metastases, chronic myeloid leukemia, solid tumors, advanced solid tumors, optic atrophy, non-arteric anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, diavetic macular edema, hypercholesterolemia, colorectal cancer with hepatic metastases, pancreatic cancer with hepatic metastases, gastric cancer with hepatic metastases, breast cancer with hepatic metastases ovarian cancer with hepatic metastases, preeclampsia, neuroblastoma, ocular hypertension, open angle glaucoma, glaucoma, ocular pain, dry eye syndrome, kidney injury, acute renal failure, delayed graft function, complications of kidney transplant, TBX3 overexpression, and diabetic retinopathy. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease or disorder is cancer. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease or disorder is a viral infection. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the viral infection is a retroviral viral infection. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the retroviral infection is HIV or AIDS infection.
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Novel siRNA and shRNA nanocapsules and delivery methods are disclosed herein. These siRNA and shRNA nanocapsules and delivery methods are highly robust and effective. This invention provides a platform for RNAi delivery with low toxicity and long intracellular half-life for practical therapeutic applications.1. A method of treating a subject having a disease or disorder or at risk of developing a disease or disorder, wherein the disease or disorder is characterized by over expression of a gene, the method comprising administering to a subject in need thereof, a polymer nanocapsule comprising a polymer shell and a nucleic acid selected from the group consisting of: an siRNA, an shRNA expression DNA cassette, and a dsRNA, 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the siRNA, shRNA expression DNA cassette, or dsRNA knocks down or decreases expression of the gene. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more crosslinkers comprise:
a. a degradable crosslinker selected from the group consisting of: 1,3-glycerol dimethacrylate, glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate diacrylate, N,N′-bis(acryloyl)cystamine, bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]phosphate and bisacryloylated polypeptide; and b. a non-degradable crosslinker, wherein the non-degradable cross linker is N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, 4. The method of claim 1, wherein all of the crosslinkers are selected from the group consisting of: 1,3-glycerol dimethacrylate, glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate diacrylate, N,N′-bis(acryloyl)cystamine, bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]phosphate and bisacryloylated polypeptide. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more positively charged monomers is selected from the group comprising N-(3-((4-((3-aminopropyl)amino)butyl)amino)propyl)methacrylamide, N-(3-((4-aminobutyl)amino)propyl)acrylamide, N-(3-((4-aminobutyl)amino)propyl)methacrylamide, N-(2-((2-aminoethyl)(methyl)amino)ethyl)acrylamide, N-(2-((2-aminoethyl)(methyl)amino)ethyl) methacrylamide, N-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)acrylamide, N-(piperazin-1-ylmethyl)methacrylamide, N-(2-(bis(2-aminoethyl)amino)ethyl)acrylamide, and N-(2-(bis(2-aminoethyl)amino)ethyl)methacrylamide. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer shell comprises N-(3-((4-((3-aminopropyl)amino)butyl)amino)propyl)acrylamide; 1,3-glycerol dimethacrylate; and N-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-2-yl)acrylamide. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer shell comprises N-(3-((4-((3-aminopropyl)amino)butyl)amino)propyl)acrylamide; glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate diacrylate; and acrylamide. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer shell comprises N-(3-((4-((3-aminopropyl)amino)butyl)amino)propyl)acrylamide; 1,3-glycerol dimethacrylate; and N-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-2-yl)acrylamide. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer shell comprises N-(3-((4-((3-aminopropyl)amino)butyl)amino)propyl)acrylamide; glycerol 1,3-diglycerolate diacrylate; and acrylamide. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer shell has a diameter of approximately 20 nm to 250 nm. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the polymer nanocapsule is conjugated to a targeting agent. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease or disorder is a cellular proliferative and/or differentiative disorder, an immune or immunodeficiency disorder, a viral infection, a neurological or neurodegenerative disorder. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the disease or disorder is cancer, pachyonychia congenital, age-related macular degeneration, choroidal neovascularization, metastatic melanoma, metastatic melanoma without CNS metastases, chronic myeloid leukemia, solid tumors, advanced solid tumors, optic atrophy, non-arteric anterior ischemic optic neuropathy, pancreatic cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, diavetic macular edema, hypercholesterolemia, colorectal cancer with hepatic metastases, pancreatic cancer with hepatic metastases, gastric cancer with hepatic metastases, breast cancer with hepatic metastases ovarian cancer with hepatic metastases, preeclampsia, neuroblastoma, ocular hypertension, open angle glaucoma, glaucoma, ocular pain, dry eye syndrome, kidney injury, acute renal failure, delayed graft function, complications of kidney transplant, TBX3 overexpression, and diabetic retinopathy. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease or disorder is cancer. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the disease or disorder is a viral infection. 16. The method of claim 15 wherein the viral infection is a retroviral viral infection. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the retroviral infection is HIV or AIDS infection.
| 1,600
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337,957
| 16,799,598
| 1,654
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The technology disclosed relates to determining positional information of an object in a field of view. In particular, it relates to measuring, using a light sensitive sensor, one or more differences in an intensity of returning light that is (i) emitted from respective directionally oriented non-coplanar light sources of a plurality of directionally oriented light sources that have at least some overlapping fields of illumination and (ii) reflected from the target object as the target object moves through a region of space monitored by the light sensitive sensor, and recognizing signals in response to (i) positional information of the target object determined based on, a first position in space at a first time t0 and a second position in space at a second time t1 sensed using the measured one or more differences in the intensity of the returning light and (ii) a non-coplanar movement of the target object.
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1. A method of determining positional information of a target object in a region of space within range of a light sensitive sensor, the method including:
measuring, using a light sensitive sensor, one or more differences in an intensity of returning light that is (i) emitted from respective directionally oriented non-coplanar light sources of a plurality of directionally oriented light sources that have at least some overlapping fields of illumination and (ii) reflected from the target object as the target object moves through a region of space monitored by the light sensitive sensor; and recognizing signals in response to (i) positional information of the target object determined based on at least, a first position in space at a first time t0 and a second position in space at a second time t1 sensed using the measured one or more differences in the intensity of the returning light and (ii) a non-coplanar movement of the target object. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the light sensitive sensor is internally or externally mounted to an automobile and the target object is an external automobile that is external to the automobile and the light sensitive sensor is internally or externally mounted to another automobile. 3. The method of claim 1, further including the light sensitive sensor scanning the region of space using a scanning mirror and a photo detector that rasterizes the region of space within the range of the light sensitive sensor. 4. The method of claim 1, further including distinguishing among the respective directionally oriented non-coplanar light sources based on different frequencies of the respective directionally oriented non-coplanar light sources. 5. The method of claim 1 further including determining one or more angles for the returning light reflected from the target object, with respect to the light sensitive sensor by mapping pixels of a camera array that captured the returning light reflected from the target object to the one or more angles. 6. The method of claim 1,
wherein the light sensitive sensor is positioned apart from the plurality of directionally oriented light sources and not between any two directionally oriented light sources of the plurality of directionally oriented light sources, and wherein the method further includes determining an angle between the plurality of directionally oriented light sources and the target object. 7. The method of claim 6, further including determining a distance of the target object from the plurality of directionally oriented light sources or the light sensitive sensor using:
an angle between at least one directionally oriented light source of the plurality of directionally oriented light sources and the target object; and a second angle between the light sensitive sensor and the target object. 8. A method of determining positional information of a target object in a region of space within range of a light sensitive sensor, the method including:
measuring, using a light sensitive sensor, one or more differences in a property of returning light that is (i) emitted from respective directionally oriented non-coplanar light sources of a plurality of directionally oriented light sources that have at least some overlapping fields of illumination and (ii) reflected from the target object as the target object moves through a region of space monitored by the light sensitive sensor; and recognizing signals in response to (i) positional information of the target object determined based on at least, a first position in space at a first time t0 and a second position in space at a second time t1 sensed using the measured one or more differences in the property of the returning light and (ii) a non-coplanar movement of the target object. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the light sensitive sensor is internally or externally mounted to an automobile and the target object is an external automobile that is external to the automobile and the light sensitive sensor is internally or externally mounted to another automobile. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the property is an intensity of light. 11. A method of determining positional information of an object in a region of space within range of a light sensitive sensor, the method including:
detecting, using a light sensitive sensor, illumination in the region of space including illumination (i) generated by directionally controllable illumination from directionally oriented non-coplanar illumination sources that have at least some overlapping fields of view and (ii) reflected by non-coplanar movement of the object as the object moves through the region of space; determining a difference in a property of the illumination received for two or more points; determining positional information of the object to identify the non-coplanar movement of the object; and generating, by a computer system, a three-dimensional model of the object. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the light sensitive sensor is internally or externally mounted to an automobile and the object is an external automobile that is external to the automobile and the light sensitive sensor is internally or externally mounted to another automobile.
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The technology disclosed relates to determining positional information of an object in a field of view. In particular, it relates to measuring, using a light sensitive sensor, one or more differences in an intensity of returning light that is (i) emitted from respective directionally oriented non-coplanar light sources of a plurality of directionally oriented light sources that have at least some overlapping fields of illumination and (ii) reflected from the target object as the target object moves through a region of space monitored by the light sensitive sensor, and recognizing signals in response to (i) positional information of the target object determined based on, a first position in space at a first time t0 and a second position in space at a second time t1 sensed using the measured one or more differences in the intensity of the returning light and (ii) a non-coplanar movement of the target object.1. A method of determining positional information of a target object in a region of space within range of a light sensitive sensor, the method including:
measuring, using a light sensitive sensor, one or more differences in an intensity of returning light that is (i) emitted from respective directionally oriented non-coplanar light sources of a plurality of directionally oriented light sources that have at least some overlapping fields of illumination and (ii) reflected from the target object as the target object moves through a region of space monitored by the light sensitive sensor; and recognizing signals in response to (i) positional information of the target object determined based on at least, a first position in space at a first time t0 and a second position in space at a second time t1 sensed using the measured one or more differences in the intensity of the returning light and (ii) a non-coplanar movement of the target object. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the light sensitive sensor is internally or externally mounted to an automobile and the target object is an external automobile that is external to the automobile and the light sensitive sensor is internally or externally mounted to another automobile. 3. The method of claim 1, further including the light sensitive sensor scanning the region of space using a scanning mirror and a photo detector that rasterizes the region of space within the range of the light sensitive sensor. 4. The method of claim 1, further including distinguishing among the respective directionally oriented non-coplanar light sources based on different frequencies of the respective directionally oriented non-coplanar light sources. 5. The method of claim 1 further including determining one or more angles for the returning light reflected from the target object, with respect to the light sensitive sensor by mapping pixels of a camera array that captured the returning light reflected from the target object to the one or more angles. 6. The method of claim 1,
wherein the light sensitive sensor is positioned apart from the plurality of directionally oriented light sources and not between any two directionally oriented light sources of the plurality of directionally oriented light sources, and wherein the method further includes determining an angle between the plurality of directionally oriented light sources and the target object. 7. The method of claim 6, further including determining a distance of the target object from the plurality of directionally oriented light sources or the light sensitive sensor using:
an angle between at least one directionally oriented light source of the plurality of directionally oriented light sources and the target object; and a second angle between the light sensitive sensor and the target object. 8. A method of determining positional information of a target object in a region of space within range of a light sensitive sensor, the method including:
measuring, using a light sensitive sensor, one or more differences in a property of returning light that is (i) emitted from respective directionally oriented non-coplanar light sources of a plurality of directionally oriented light sources that have at least some overlapping fields of illumination and (ii) reflected from the target object as the target object moves through a region of space monitored by the light sensitive sensor; and recognizing signals in response to (i) positional information of the target object determined based on at least, a first position in space at a first time t0 and a second position in space at a second time t1 sensed using the measured one or more differences in the property of the returning light and (ii) a non-coplanar movement of the target object. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the light sensitive sensor is internally or externally mounted to an automobile and the target object is an external automobile that is external to the automobile and the light sensitive sensor is internally or externally mounted to another automobile. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the property is an intensity of light. 11. A method of determining positional information of an object in a region of space within range of a light sensitive sensor, the method including:
detecting, using a light sensitive sensor, illumination in the region of space including illumination (i) generated by directionally controllable illumination from directionally oriented non-coplanar illumination sources that have at least some overlapping fields of view and (ii) reflected by non-coplanar movement of the object as the object moves through the region of space; determining a difference in a property of the illumination received for two or more points; determining positional information of the object to identify the non-coplanar movement of the object; and generating, by a computer system, a three-dimensional model of the object. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the light sensitive sensor is internally or externally mounted to an automobile and the object is an external automobile that is external to the automobile and the light sensitive sensor is internally or externally mounted to another automobile.
| 1,600
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337,958
| 16,799,589
| 1,654
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A system and method for testing a gas sensor with a test gas and that recovers the test gas after testing. The test gas is stored in a test gas source, and delivered to the gas sensor through a supply circuit. After the test is completed, gas is withdrawn from the supply circuit into a recycle circuit. A compressor in the recycle circuit pulls the test gas into the recycle circuit, pressurizes the test gas and discharges the pressurized test gas back into the test gas source. Valves are in the supply and recycle circuits, which when selectively opened and closed changes between testing and recycle configurations. The recycle flow is filtered to prevent air and other non-test gas substances from being introduced into the test gas source.
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1. A system for testing a gas sensor comprising:
a test gas source; a supply circuit in selective communication with test gas from the test gas source, the supply circuit comprising,
supply tubing, and
a test cap on an end of the supply tubing that selectively mounts to a sensor inlet on the gas sensor; and
a recycle circuit comprising a compressor having a compressor inlet that is in selective communication with the supply circuit. 2. The system of claim 1, where the compressor has a compressor discharge that is in communication with the test gas source. 3. The system of claim 1, where the supply circuit is in communication with the test gas from the test gas source through a connection coupled with the test gas source. 4. The system of claim 1, the supply circuit further comprising a supply valve that is selectively opened and closed and that is between the test gas source and an intersection between the supply circuit and the recycle circuit. 5. The system of claim 1, the recycle circuit further comprising a recycle valve that is selectively opened and closed and that is between the compressor and an intersection between the supply circuit and the recycle circuit. 6. The system of claim 1, where the supply circuit is in selective communication with the test gas through a manifold type fitting having multiple openings, and where the fitting is coupled with the test gas source. 7. The system of claim 6, where the compressor comprises a discharge that is in communication with the test gas in the test gas source through the fitting. 8. The system of claim 1, where the test gas source comprises a portable bottle. 9. The system of claim 8, where the compressor is mounted to an exterior of the bottle. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a filter in the supply circuit that contains an air blocking material. 11. The system of claim 1, where the test cap comprises a chamber that receives the sensor inlet, and seals on the inner surface of the chamber that define a pressure barrier between the test gas in the supply circuit and ambient. 12. A method of gas sensor testing comprising:
exposing a gas sensor to an amount of test gas from a test gas source; and recapturing the amount of the test gas. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising monitoring a response of the gas sensor. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising directing the amount of test gas that is recaptured back to the test gas source. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising testing another gas sensor by directing another amount of test gas from the test gas source to the another gas sensor, and recapturing the another amount of test gas. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the amount test gas is directed to a gas sensor inlet on the gas sensor and through a supply circuit that is in communication with the test gas source, and where the step of recapturing the amount test gas comprises drawing the amount of test gas into a recycle circuit. 17. The method of claim 16, where a compressor is disposed in the recycle circuit and which is activated to draw the amount of test gas into the recycle circuit, and where a discharge of the compressor directs the amount of test gas back to the test gas source. 18. The method of claim 17, where the test gas source comprises a portable bottle, and where the compressor mounts to the bottle. 19. The method of claim 18, where the test gas source, compressor, supply circuit, and recycle circuit comprise a gas sensor testing system, the method further comprising moving the gas sensor testing system to another gas sensor, exposing the another gas sensor to another amount of test gas, recapturing the another amount of test gas. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising filtering non-test gas substances that have mixed with the amount of test gas during the step of recapturing the amount of test gas.
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A system and method for testing a gas sensor with a test gas and that recovers the test gas after testing. The test gas is stored in a test gas source, and delivered to the gas sensor through a supply circuit. After the test is completed, gas is withdrawn from the supply circuit into a recycle circuit. A compressor in the recycle circuit pulls the test gas into the recycle circuit, pressurizes the test gas and discharges the pressurized test gas back into the test gas source. Valves are in the supply and recycle circuits, which when selectively opened and closed changes between testing and recycle configurations. The recycle flow is filtered to prevent air and other non-test gas substances from being introduced into the test gas source.1. A system for testing a gas sensor comprising:
a test gas source; a supply circuit in selective communication with test gas from the test gas source, the supply circuit comprising,
supply tubing, and
a test cap on an end of the supply tubing that selectively mounts to a sensor inlet on the gas sensor; and
a recycle circuit comprising a compressor having a compressor inlet that is in selective communication with the supply circuit. 2. The system of claim 1, where the compressor has a compressor discharge that is in communication with the test gas source. 3. The system of claim 1, where the supply circuit is in communication with the test gas from the test gas source through a connection coupled with the test gas source. 4. The system of claim 1, the supply circuit further comprising a supply valve that is selectively opened and closed and that is between the test gas source and an intersection between the supply circuit and the recycle circuit. 5. The system of claim 1, the recycle circuit further comprising a recycle valve that is selectively opened and closed and that is between the compressor and an intersection between the supply circuit and the recycle circuit. 6. The system of claim 1, where the supply circuit is in selective communication with the test gas through a manifold type fitting having multiple openings, and where the fitting is coupled with the test gas source. 7. The system of claim 6, where the compressor comprises a discharge that is in communication with the test gas in the test gas source through the fitting. 8. The system of claim 1, where the test gas source comprises a portable bottle. 9. The system of claim 8, where the compressor is mounted to an exterior of the bottle. 10. The system of claim 1, further comprising a filter in the supply circuit that contains an air blocking material. 11. The system of claim 1, where the test cap comprises a chamber that receives the sensor inlet, and seals on the inner surface of the chamber that define a pressure barrier between the test gas in the supply circuit and ambient. 12. A method of gas sensor testing comprising:
exposing a gas sensor to an amount of test gas from a test gas source; and recapturing the amount of the test gas. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising monitoring a response of the gas sensor. 14. The method of claim 12, further comprising directing the amount of test gas that is recaptured back to the test gas source. 15. The method of claim 12, further comprising testing another gas sensor by directing another amount of test gas from the test gas source to the another gas sensor, and recapturing the another amount of test gas. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein the amount test gas is directed to a gas sensor inlet on the gas sensor and through a supply circuit that is in communication with the test gas source, and where the step of recapturing the amount test gas comprises drawing the amount of test gas into a recycle circuit. 17. The method of claim 16, where a compressor is disposed in the recycle circuit and which is activated to draw the amount of test gas into the recycle circuit, and where a discharge of the compressor directs the amount of test gas back to the test gas source. 18. The method of claim 17, where the test gas source comprises a portable bottle, and where the compressor mounts to the bottle. 19. The method of claim 18, where the test gas source, compressor, supply circuit, and recycle circuit comprise a gas sensor testing system, the method further comprising moving the gas sensor testing system to another gas sensor, exposing the another gas sensor to another amount of test gas, recapturing the another amount of test gas. 20. The method of claim 12, further comprising filtering non-test gas substances that have mixed with the amount of test gas during the step of recapturing the amount of test gas.
| 1,600
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337,959
| 16,799,588
| 1,654
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Methods and processes for manufacture of an image product from a digital image. An object in the digital image is detected and recognized. Object metadata is assigned to the object, the object metadata linking sound to the object in the digital image which produced the sound. At least one cryptographic hash of the object metadata is generated, and the hash is written to a node of a transaction processing network.
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1. An apparatus comprising a non-volatile machine-readable medium storing a program having instructions which when executed by a processor will cause the processor to manufacture an image product from a digital image, the instructions of the program for:
detecting an object in the digital image; recognizing the object; assigning object metadata to the object, the object metadata linking sound to the object in the digital image which produced the sound; generating at least one cryptographic hash of the object metadata; and writing the hash to a node of a transaction processing network. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising assigning image metadata to the digital image, the image metadata including an identification of the digital image and provenance of the digital image. 3. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising generating at least one other cryptographic hash of the image metadata. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the digital image is an image from a video. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the digital image is a still image. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the digital image is a scan of an analog image. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the object is a person, an animal or a good. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein, when the object is a person, the object metadata comprises the person's name. 9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the transaction processing network is a blockchain ledger. 10. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising adding a watermark to the hash value before it is written to the node. 11. A process for manufacturing an image product from a digital image, the process comprising:
detecting an object in the digital image; recognizing the object; assigning object metadata to the object, the object metadata linking sound to the object in the digital image which produced the sound; generating at least one cryptographic hash of the object metadata; and writing the hash to a node of a transaction processing network. 12. The process of claim 11 further comprising assigning image metadata to the digital image, the image metadata including an identification of the digital image and provenance of the digital image. 13. The process of claim 12 further comprising generating at least one other cryptographic hash of the image metadata. 14. The process of claim 11, wherein the digital image is an image from a video. 15. The process of claim 11, wherein the digital image is a still image. 16. The process of claim 11, wherein the digital image is a scan of an analog image. 17. The process of claim 11, wherein the object is a person, an animal or a good. 18. The process of claim 17, wherein, when the object is a person, the object metadata comprises the person's name. 19. The process of claim 11, wherein the transaction processing network is a blockchain ledger. 20. The process of claim 11 further comprising adding a watermark to the hash value before it is written to the node.
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Methods and processes for manufacture of an image product from a digital image. An object in the digital image is detected and recognized. Object metadata is assigned to the object, the object metadata linking sound to the object in the digital image which produced the sound. At least one cryptographic hash of the object metadata is generated, and the hash is written to a node of a transaction processing network.1. An apparatus comprising a non-volatile machine-readable medium storing a program having instructions which when executed by a processor will cause the processor to manufacture an image product from a digital image, the instructions of the program for:
detecting an object in the digital image; recognizing the object; assigning object metadata to the object, the object metadata linking sound to the object in the digital image which produced the sound; generating at least one cryptographic hash of the object metadata; and writing the hash to a node of a transaction processing network. 2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising assigning image metadata to the digital image, the image metadata including an identification of the digital image and provenance of the digital image. 3. The apparatus of claim 2 further comprising generating at least one other cryptographic hash of the image metadata. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the digital image is an image from a video. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the digital image is a still image. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the digital image is a scan of an analog image. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the object is a person, an animal or a good. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein, when the object is a person, the object metadata comprises the person's name. 9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the transaction processing network is a blockchain ledger. 10. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising adding a watermark to the hash value before it is written to the node. 11. A process for manufacturing an image product from a digital image, the process comprising:
detecting an object in the digital image; recognizing the object; assigning object metadata to the object, the object metadata linking sound to the object in the digital image which produced the sound; generating at least one cryptographic hash of the object metadata; and writing the hash to a node of a transaction processing network. 12. The process of claim 11 further comprising assigning image metadata to the digital image, the image metadata including an identification of the digital image and provenance of the digital image. 13. The process of claim 12 further comprising generating at least one other cryptographic hash of the image metadata. 14. The process of claim 11, wherein the digital image is an image from a video. 15. The process of claim 11, wherein the digital image is a still image. 16. The process of claim 11, wherein the digital image is a scan of an analog image. 17. The process of claim 11, wherein the object is a person, an animal or a good. 18. The process of claim 17, wherein, when the object is a person, the object metadata comprises the person's name. 19. The process of claim 11, wherein the transaction processing network is a blockchain ledger. 20. The process of claim 11 further comprising adding a watermark to the hash value before it is written to the node.
| 1,600
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337,960
| 16,799,519
| 1,654
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An electronic cigarette includes an atomizer having a coil-less heating element having a heating section, two leads electrically connected to the heating section, and a liquid guiding structure. The liquid guiding structure includes two pads, a first pad and a second pad sandwiching at least a portion of the heating section. A gasket may be placed between a liquid supply and the first pad such that liquid is conducted from the liquid supply to the first pad.
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1. An atomizer for use in an electronic vaporizing device, comprising:
a plurality of electrically conductive fibers having a heating section, a first conductive section and a second conductive section, the heating section between the first and second conductive sections; and the heating section in contact with a first pad, the first pad, the first pad comprising a liquid-conducting electrically insulating material. 2. The atomizer of claim 1 further including a second pad comprising a liquid-conducting, electrically insulating material, a portion of the plurality of electrically conductive fibers in between the first and second pads, and the heating section in contact with the first and second pads, for conducting liquid to the heating section. 3. The atomizer of claim 2 with the first conductive section joined to a first electrical metal lead and the second conductive section joined to a second electrical metal lead. 4. The atomizer of claim 1 with the heating section having an electrical resistance greater than either of the first and second conductive sections. 5. The atomizer of claim 1 wherein the first pad is perpendicular to the plurality of electrically conductive fibers. 6. An atomizer for use in an electronic vaporizing device, comprising:
a plurality of electrically conductive fibers having a heating section between first and second conductive sections, the heating section having an electrical resistance greater than either of the first and second conductive sections; at least a portion of the plurality of electrically conductive fibers extending between a first pad and a second pad, the first pad and the second pad each comprising a liquid-conducting electrically insulating material; and the heating section in contact with the first pad and the second pad. 7. The atomizer of claim 6 wherein the first and second pads are perpendicular to the plurality of electrically conductive fibers. 8. The atomizer of claim 6 wherein the first and second pads comprise an electrical insulating material. 9. The atomizer of claim 8 wherein the first and second pads comprise glass fiber. 10. The atomizer of claim 8 wherein the conductive fibers comprise carbon fiber. 11. The atomizer of claim 8 with the first conductive section joined to a first electrical metal lead and the second conductive section joined to a second electrical metal lead. 12. The atomizer of claim 11 wherein the first and second electrical metal leads are perpendicular to the conductive fibers. 13. The atomizer of claim 8 wherein the first and second conductive sections have a coating of a resistance reducing conductive material. 14. The atomizer of claim 8 with the conductive fibers supported on a board having a through-hole aligned with the heating section. 15. An electronic vaporizing device comprising:
a liquid supply and a battery; an atomizer including a plurality of electrically conductive fibers having a heating section between first and second conductive sections electrically connected to the battery; the heating section having an electrical resistance higher than first conductive section or the second conductive section; the heating section in contact with a first pad and a second pad, at least one of the first pad and the second pad conducting liquid from the liquid supply to the heating section, and the first pad and the second pad comprising a liquid conducting electrically insulating material. 16. The electronic smoking device of claim 15 wherein the first conductive section is joined to a first electrical metal lead electrically connected to the battery and the second conductive section is joined to a second electrical metal lead electrically connected to the battery. 17. The electronic smoking device of claim 15 further comprising a first housing and a second housing, the battery in the first housing and the atomizer and the liquid supply in the second housing. 18. The electronic smoking device of claim 15 with a first surface of a gasket contacting the liquid supply and a second surface of the gasket contacting the first pad. 19. The electronic smoking device of claim 15 wherein the first and second conductive sections include a coating of a resistance reducing conductive material. 20. The electronic smoking device of claim 15 wherein the conductive fibers are supported on a board, and a through-hole in the board is aligned with heating section.
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An electronic cigarette includes an atomizer having a coil-less heating element having a heating section, two leads electrically connected to the heating section, and a liquid guiding structure. The liquid guiding structure includes two pads, a first pad and a second pad sandwiching at least a portion of the heating section. A gasket may be placed between a liquid supply and the first pad such that liquid is conducted from the liquid supply to the first pad.1. An atomizer for use in an electronic vaporizing device, comprising:
a plurality of electrically conductive fibers having a heating section, a first conductive section and a second conductive section, the heating section between the first and second conductive sections; and the heating section in contact with a first pad, the first pad, the first pad comprising a liquid-conducting electrically insulating material. 2. The atomizer of claim 1 further including a second pad comprising a liquid-conducting, electrically insulating material, a portion of the plurality of electrically conductive fibers in between the first and second pads, and the heating section in contact with the first and second pads, for conducting liquid to the heating section. 3. The atomizer of claim 2 with the first conductive section joined to a first electrical metal lead and the second conductive section joined to a second electrical metal lead. 4. The atomizer of claim 1 with the heating section having an electrical resistance greater than either of the first and second conductive sections. 5. The atomizer of claim 1 wherein the first pad is perpendicular to the plurality of electrically conductive fibers. 6. An atomizer for use in an electronic vaporizing device, comprising:
a plurality of electrically conductive fibers having a heating section between first and second conductive sections, the heating section having an electrical resistance greater than either of the first and second conductive sections; at least a portion of the plurality of electrically conductive fibers extending between a first pad and a second pad, the first pad and the second pad each comprising a liquid-conducting electrically insulating material; and the heating section in contact with the first pad and the second pad. 7. The atomizer of claim 6 wherein the first and second pads are perpendicular to the plurality of electrically conductive fibers. 8. The atomizer of claim 6 wherein the first and second pads comprise an electrical insulating material. 9. The atomizer of claim 8 wherein the first and second pads comprise glass fiber. 10. The atomizer of claim 8 wherein the conductive fibers comprise carbon fiber. 11. The atomizer of claim 8 with the first conductive section joined to a first electrical metal lead and the second conductive section joined to a second electrical metal lead. 12. The atomizer of claim 11 wherein the first and second electrical metal leads are perpendicular to the conductive fibers. 13. The atomizer of claim 8 wherein the first and second conductive sections have a coating of a resistance reducing conductive material. 14. The atomizer of claim 8 with the conductive fibers supported on a board having a through-hole aligned with the heating section. 15. An electronic vaporizing device comprising:
a liquid supply and a battery; an atomizer including a plurality of electrically conductive fibers having a heating section between first and second conductive sections electrically connected to the battery; the heating section having an electrical resistance higher than first conductive section or the second conductive section; the heating section in contact with a first pad and a second pad, at least one of the first pad and the second pad conducting liquid from the liquid supply to the heating section, and the first pad and the second pad comprising a liquid conducting electrically insulating material. 16. The electronic smoking device of claim 15 wherein the first conductive section is joined to a first electrical metal lead electrically connected to the battery and the second conductive section is joined to a second electrical metal lead electrically connected to the battery. 17. The electronic smoking device of claim 15 further comprising a first housing and a second housing, the battery in the first housing and the atomizer and the liquid supply in the second housing. 18. The electronic smoking device of claim 15 with a first surface of a gasket contacting the liquid supply and a second surface of the gasket contacting the first pad. 19. The electronic smoking device of claim 15 wherein the first and second conductive sections include a coating of a resistance reducing conductive material. 20. The electronic smoking device of claim 15 wherein the conductive fibers are supported on a board, and a through-hole in the board is aligned with heating section.
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337,961
| 16,799,531
| 1,654
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A system and method for analyzing and improving the performance of a body motion of an animal or human subject requires instrumenting a subject with inertial sensors, monitoring a body motion of interest, converting sensor data into motion data and animation, comparing the motion data with existing data for motion related performance parameters, providing a real-time, information rich, animation and data display of the results in color coded displays; and based on the results prescribing a training regime with exercises selected from a library of standardized exercises using standardized tools and training aids.
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1-20. (canceled) 21. A system comprising an exercise database hosted on one or more computing devices comprising non-transitory machine-readable storage media, the exercise database configured to store a plurality of exercise records containing at least one data field identifying an activity category and a set of performance parameters;
an observer device configured to: receive from one or more participant devices sensor data, the sensor data received from each respective participant device generated from the set of one or more sensors in communication with the participant device; determine a diagnostic score for an activity category associated with the motion based upon diagnostic parameters in the sensor data; generate a regime file for a participant device, the regime file comprising data from one or more exercise records selected from the exercise database based upon the diagnostic score and the activity category; transmit the regime file to the participant device; receive from the participant device the sensor data for a first exercise of the regime file; generate in real-time a user interface displaying a real-time visual representation corresponding to the first exercise according to the sensor data received from the participant device; update the regime file based upon the diagnostic score for the activity category, upon determining that the diagnostic score of the activity category exceeds a category threshold value, using the sensor data received from the participant device; and transmit an updated regime file to the participant device, the updated regime file containing an updated set of one or more exercises selected according to the updated diagnostic score. 22. The system according to claim 21, further comprising a participant database hosted on one or more servers comprising non-transitory machine-readable storage media, the participant database configured to store one or more participant records,
wherein each participant record is configured to store sensor data generated from sensors in communication with the participant device of the participant, and one or more diagnostic scores for one or more activities categories. 23. The system according to claim 22, wherein the observer device is further configured to:
store the regime file into the participant record of the participant, and instruct the participant database to transmit the regime file to the participant device. 24. The system according to claim 21, wherein the participant database is further configured to store baseline profile data in each respective participant record;
wherein the observer device is further configured to: determine a diagnostic threshold value for the activity category based upon a profile model corresponding to the baseline profile data in the participant record, and select the one or more exercises for the regime file from the exercise database, based upon a difference between the diagnostic threshold value for the activity category and the diagnostic score for the activity category. 25. The system according to claim 21, wherein the participant device is configured to generate a display of each respective exercise in the regime file, and instruct the set of one or more sensors to capture sensor data comprising at least the diagnostic parameters or performance parameters associated with each exercise, as indicated by a data model associated with the exercise of each respective exercise record.
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A system and method for analyzing and improving the performance of a body motion of an animal or human subject requires instrumenting a subject with inertial sensors, monitoring a body motion of interest, converting sensor data into motion data and animation, comparing the motion data with existing data for motion related performance parameters, providing a real-time, information rich, animation and data display of the results in color coded displays; and based on the results prescribing a training regime with exercises selected from a library of standardized exercises using standardized tools and training aids.1-20. (canceled) 21. A system comprising an exercise database hosted on one or more computing devices comprising non-transitory machine-readable storage media, the exercise database configured to store a plurality of exercise records containing at least one data field identifying an activity category and a set of performance parameters;
an observer device configured to: receive from one or more participant devices sensor data, the sensor data received from each respective participant device generated from the set of one or more sensors in communication with the participant device; determine a diagnostic score for an activity category associated with the motion based upon diagnostic parameters in the sensor data; generate a regime file for a participant device, the regime file comprising data from one or more exercise records selected from the exercise database based upon the diagnostic score and the activity category; transmit the regime file to the participant device; receive from the participant device the sensor data for a first exercise of the regime file; generate in real-time a user interface displaying a real-time visual representation corresponding to the first exercise according to the sensor data received from the participant device; update the regime file based upon the diagnostic score for the activity category, upon determining that the diagnostic score of the activity category exceeds a category threshold value, using the sensor data received from the participant device; and transmit an updated regime file to the participant device, the updated regime file containing an updated set of one or more exercises selected according to the updated diagnostic score. 22. The system according to claim 21, further comprising a participant database hosted on one or more servers comprising non-transitory machine-readable storage media, the participant database configured to store one or more participant records,
wherein each participant record is configured to store sensor data generated from sensors in communication with the participant device of the participant, and one or more diagnostic scores for one or more activities categories. 23. The system according to claim 22, wherein the observer device is further configured to:
store the regime file into the participant record of the participant, and instruct the participant database to transmit the regime file to the participant device. 24. The system according to claim 21, wherein the participant database is further configured to store baseline profile data in each respective participant record;
wherein the observer device is further configured to: determine a diagnostic threshold value for the activity category based upon a profile model corresponding to the baseline profile data in the participant record, and select the one or more exercises for the regime file from the exercise database, based upon a difference between the diagnostic threshold value for the activity category and the diagnostic score for the activity category. 25. The system according to claim 21, wherein the participant device is configured to generate a display of each respective exercise in the regime file, and instruct the set of one or more sensors to capture sensor data comprising at least the diagnostic parameters or performance parameters associated with each exercise, as indicated by a data model associated with the exercise of each respective exercise record.
| 1,600
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337,962
| 16,799,580
| 1,654
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In non-limiting examples of the present disclosure, systems, methods and devices for recommending a shared connection are presented. A set of shared connections between a first application user and a second application user may be identified. A determination may be made that a communication value between the first and second application users is below a recommendation surfacing threshold. A communication value between each application user of the set of shared connections and the first user may be calculated. A communication value between each application user of the set of shared connections and the second user may be calculated. One or both of the calculated communication values may be utilized to rank the shared connections based on importance to the first user, importance to the second user, and/or importance to the first user and the second user. One or more top ranked candidate user profiles may be promoted on a graphical user interface.
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1-20. (canceled) 21. A system comprising:
a processor; and memory storing instructions that when executed by the processor case the system to perform a set of operations comprising:
calculating a first communication value associated with communications between a first user and a second user;
determining that the first communication value is lower than a recommendation surfacing threshold value;
based on the first communication value being lower than the recommendation surfacing threshold value, identifying a candidate set of user profiles to display to the first user, wherein the candidate set of user profiles includes a third user's profile and a fourth user's profile; and
displaying the candidate set of user profiles based on at least:
a second communication value associated with communications between the first user and the third user; and
a third communication value associated with communications between the first user and the fourth user. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein displaying the candidate set of user profiles is further based on a fourth communication value associated with communications between the second user and the third user. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein displaying the candidate set of user profiles is further based on a fifth communication value associated with communications between the second user and the fourth user. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein the candidate set of user profiles are displayed concurrently with a display of a user profile of the second user. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the first communication value is based on communications between the first user and the second user in a first application and a second application. 26. The system of claim 21, wherein the first communication value is based on at least one email between the first user and the second user. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the first communication value is based on at least one of a length of the email, a content of the email, a number of other users that the email has listed in a “to” field, or a number of other users that the email has listed in a “cc” field. 28. A computer-implemented method comprising:
calculating a first communication value associated with communications between a first user and a second user; determining that the first communication value is lower than a recommendation surfacing threshold value; based on the first communication value being lower than the recommendation surfacing threshold value, identifying a candidate set of user profiles to display to the first user, wherein the candidate set of user profiles includes a third user's profile and a fourth user's profile; and displaying the candidate set of user profiles based on at least:
a second communication value associated with communications between the first user and the third user; and
a third communication value associated with communications between the first user and the fourth user. 29. The computer-implemented method of claim 28, wherein displaying the candidate set of user profiles is further based on a fourth communication value associated with communications between the second user and the third user. 30. The computer-implemented method of claim 28, wherein displaying the candidate set of user profiles is further based on a fifth communication value associated with communications between the second user and the fourth user. 31. The computer-implemented method of claim 28, wherein the candidate set of user profiles are displayed concurrently with a display of a user profile of the second user. 32. The computer-implemented method of claim 28, wherein the candidate set of user profiles are displayed concurrently with a display of a user profile of the second user. 33. The computer-implemented method of claim 28, wherein the first communication value is based on communications between the first user and the second user in a first application and a second application. 34. The computer-implemented method of claim 28, wherein the first communication value is based on at least one calendar invite between the first user and the second user. 35. The computer-implemented method of claim 34, wherein the first communication value is based on at least one of a length of a calendar appointment associated with the calendar invite, a content of the calendar invite, or a number of other users included on the calendar invite. 36. A computer-implemented method comprising:
calculating a first communication value associated with communications in a first application between a first user and a second user; calculating a second communication value associated with communications in a second application between a first user and a second user; based on the first communication value and the second communication value, identifying a candidate set of user profiles to display to the first user; and displaying the candidate set of user profiles based on additional communication values between the users of the user profiles in the candidate set and at least one of the first user or the second user. 37. The computer-implemented method of claim 36, wherein the first application is one of an email application, a calendar application, a voice call application, a video call application, or a text communication application. 38. The computer-implemented method of claim 37, wherein the second application is different from the first application, and the second application is one of an email application, a calendar application, a voice call application, a video call application, or a text communication application. 39. The computer-implemented method of claim 36, wherein the additional communication values are based on communications between the first user and the users of the user profiles in the candidate set via at least one of an email application, a calendar application, a voice call application, a video call application, or a text communication application. 40. The computer-implemented method of claim 36, wherein the candidate set of user profiles are displayed concurrently with a user profile of the second user.
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In non-limiting examples of the present disclosure, systems, methods and devices for recommending a shared connection are presented. A set of shared connections between a first application user and a second application user may be identified. A determination may be made that a communication value between the first and second application users is below a recommendation surfacing threshold. A communication value between each application user of the set of shared connections and the first user may be calculated. A communication value between each application user of the set of shared connections and the second user may be calculated. One or both of the calculated communication values may be utilized to rank the shared connections based on importance to the first user, importance to the second user, and/or importance to the first user and the second user. One or more top ranked candidate user profiles may be promoted on a graphical user interface.1-20. (canceled) 21. A system comprising:
a processor; and memory storing instructions that when executed by the processor case the system to perform a set of operations comprising:
calculating a first communication value associated with communications between a first user and a second user;
determining that the first communication value is lower than a recommendation surfacing threshold value;
based on the first communication value being lower than the recommendation surfacing threshold value, identifying a candidate set of user profiles to display to the first user, wherein the candidate set of user profiles includes a third user's profile and a fourth user's profile; and
displaying the candidate set of user profiles based on at least:
a second communication value associated with communications between the first user and the third user; and
a third communication value associated with communications between the first user and the fourth user. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein displaying the candidate set of user profiles is further based on a fourth communication value associated with communications between the second user and the third user. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein displaying the candidate set of user profiles is further based on a fifth communication value associated with communications between the second user and the fourth user. 24. The system of claim 21, wherein the candidate set of user profiles are displayed concurrently with a display of a user profile of the second user. 25. The system of claim 21, wherein the first communication value is based on communications between the first user and the second user in a first application and a second application. 26. The system of claim 21, wherein the first communication value is based on at least one email between the first user and the second user. 27. The system of claim 26, wherein the first communication value is based on at least one of a length of the email, a content of the email, a number of other users that the email has listed in a “to” field, or a number of other users that the email has listed in a “cc” field. 28. A computer-implemented method comprising:
calculating a first communication value associated with communications between a first user and a second user; determining that the first communication value is lower than a recommendation surfacing threshold value; based on the first communication value being lower than the recommendation surfacing threshold value, identifying a candidate set of user profiles to display to the first user, wherein the candidate set of user profiles includes a third user's profile and a fourth user's profile; and displaying the candidate set of user profiles based on at least:
a second communication value associated with communications between the first user and the third user; and
a third communication value associated with communications between the first user and the fourth user. 29. The computer-implemented method of claim 28, wherein displaying the candidate set of user profiles is further based on a fourth communication value associated with communications between the second user and the third user. 30. The computer-implemented method of claim 28, wherein displaying the candidate set of user profiles is further based on a fifth communication value associated with communications between the second user and the fourth user. 31. The computer-implemented method of claim 28, wherein the candidate set of user profiles are displayed concurrently with a display of a user profile of the second user. 32. The computer-implemented method of claim 28, wherein the candidate set of user profiles are displayed concurrently with a display of a user profile of the second user. 33. The computer-implemented method of claim 28, wherein the first communication value is based on communications between the first user and the second user in a first application and a second application. 34. The computer-implemented method of claim 28, wherein the first communication value is based on at least one calendar invite between the first user and the second user. 35. The computer-implemented method of claim 34, wherein the first communication value is based on at least one of a length of a calendar appointment associated with the calendar invite, a content of the calendar invite, or a number of other users included on the calendar invite. 36. A computer-implemented method comprising:
calculating a first communication value associated with communications in a first application between a first user and a second user; calculating a second communication value associated with communications in a second application between a first user and a second user; based on the first communication value and the second communication value, identifying a candidate set of user profiles to display to the first user; and displaying the candidate set of user profiles based on additional communication values between the users of the user profiles in the candidate set and at least one of the first user or the second user. 37. The computer-implemented method of claim 36, wherein the first application is one of an email application, a calendar application, a voice call application, a video call application, or a text communication application. 38. The computer-implemented method of claim 37, wherein the second application is different from the first application, and the second application is one of an email application, a calendar application, a voice call application, a video call application, or a text communication application. 39. The computer-implemented method of claim 36, wherein the additional communication values are based on communications between the first user and the users of the user profiles in the candidate set via at least one of an email application, a calendar application, a voice call application, a video call application, or a text communication application. 40. The computer-implemented method of claim 36, wherein the candidate set of user profiles are displayed concurrently with a user profile of the second user.
| 1,600
|
337,963
| 16,799,590
| 1,654
|
A computer-implemented system and method for providing alerts in an online learning environment is provided. An electronic gradebook is maintained for a teacher of an online learning environment and includes education related data for each student of the teacher. An event in the online learning environment is identified based on receipt of further education related data for one of the students of the teacher for entry into the electronic gradebook. Automatically upon receipt into the electronic gradebook, an alert is generated for the event by identifying a type of the further education related data received and selecting a template for the alert based on the type of the further education related data. The template is filled with the further education related data and recipients of the alert that are associated with the student are identified. The alert is delivered to the identified recipients.
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1. A computer-implemented system for providing alerts in an online learning environment, comprising:
a database to maintain an electronic gradebook for a teacher of an online learning environment, wherein the electronic gradebook comprises education related data for each student of the teacher; a server comprising a central processing unit, memory, an input port to receive further education related data for entry into the electronic gradebook, and an output port to provide the further education related data to the database, comprising:
identify an event in the online learning environment based on receipt of the further education related data for one of the students of the teacher for entry into the electronic gradebook;
automatically upon receipt into the electronic gradebook, generate an alert for the event, comprising:
identify a type of the further education related data received;
select a template for the alert based on the type of the further education related data;
fill in the template with the further education related data; and
identify recipients of the alert that are associated with the student; and
deliver the alert to the identified recipients. 2. A system according to claim 1, wherein the alert is delivered to each recipient through one of a website, email, text message, and instant message 3. A system according to claim 1, wherein the central processing unit associates the alert with an expiration date and upon reaching the expiration date, automatically deletes the alert. 4. A system according to claim 3, wherein the expiration date comprises a period of time that starts from a time the alert is delivered or a time from which one such recipient views the alert. 5. A system according to claim 1, wherein each alert comprises a report of activity or inactivity of the student based on the further education related data. 6. A system according to claim 1, wherein the central processing unit triggers a further event based on the event of the further received education related data received and combines the further event with the event in the alert. 7. A system according to claim 1, wherein the alert comprises one or more of an action button, text recommendation, hyperlink, and image. 8. A system according to claim 1, wherein the central processing unit identifies a preference of alert delivery for each of the recipients and delivers the alert to each recipient via the preferred alert delivery for that recipient. 9. A system according to claim 1, wherein comprehensive education related data comprising the education related data and the further received education related data for one of the students is utilized to track progress of that student in the online learning environment. 10. A system according to claim 9, wherein the alert provides an up-to-date status of the student's progress. 11. A computer-implemented method for providing alerts in an online learning environment, comprising:
maintaining an electronic gradebook for a teacher of an online learning environment, wherein the electronic gradebook comprises education related data for each student of the teacher; identifying an event in the online learning environment based on receipt of further education related data for one of the students of the teacher for entry into the electronic gradebook; automatically upon receipt into the electronic gradebook, generating an alert comprising for the event, comprising:
identifying a type of the further education related data received;
selecting a template for the alert based on the type of the further education related data;
filling in the template with the further education related data; and
identifying recipients of the alert that are associated with the student; and
delivering the alert to the identified recipients. 12. A method according to claim 11, wherein the alert is delivered to each recipient through one of a website, email, text message, and instant message 13. A method according to claim 11, further comprising:
associating the alert with an expiration date; and upon reaching the expiration date, automatically delete the alert. 14. A method according to claim 13, wherein the expiration date comprises a period of time that starts from a time the alert is delivered or a time from which one such recipient views the alert. 15. A method according to claim 11, wherein each alert comprises a report of activity or inactivity of the student based on the further education related data. 16. A method according to claim 11, further comprising:
triggering a further event based on the event of the further received education related data received; and combining the further event with the event in the alert. 17. A method according to claim 11, wherein the alert comprises one or more of an action button, text recommendation, hyperlink, and image. 18. A method according to claim 11, further comprising:
identifying a preference of alert delivery for each of the recipients; and delivering the alert to each recipient via the preferred alert delivery for that recipient. 19. A method according to claim 11, wherein comprehensive education related data comprising the education related data and the further received education related data for one of the students is utilized to track progress of that student in the online learning environment. 20. A method according to claim 19, wherein the alert provides an up-to-date status of the student's progress.
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A computer-implemented system and method for providing alerts in an online learning environment is provided. An electronic gradebook is maintained for a teacher of an online learning environment and includes education related data for each student of the teacher. An event in the online learning environment is identified based on receipt of further education related data for one of the students of the teacher for entry into the electronic gradebook. Automatically upon receipt into the electronic gradebook, an alert is generated for the event by identifying a type of the further education related data received and selecting a template for the alert based on the type of the further education related data. The template is filled with the further education related data and recipients of the alert that are associated with the student are identified. The alert is delivered to the identified recipients.1. A computer-implemented system for providing alerts in an online learning environment, comprising:
a database to maintain an electronic gradebook for a teacher of an online learning environment, wherein the electronic gradebook comprises education related data for each student of the teacher; a server comprising a central processing unit, memory, an input port to receive further education related data for entry into the electronic gradebook, and an output port to provide the further education related data to the database, comprising:
identify an event in the online learning environment based on receipt of the further education related data for one of the students of the teacher for entry into the electronic gradebook;
automatically upon receipt into the electronic gradebook, generate an alert for the event, comprising:
identify a type of the further education related data received;
select a template for the alert based on the type of the further education related data;
fill in the template with the further education related data; and
identify recipients of the alert that are associated with the student; and
deliver the alert to the identified recipients. 2. A system according to claim 1, wherein the alert is delivered to each recipient through one of a website, email, text message, and instant message 3. A system according to claim 1, wherein the central processing unit associates the alert with an expiration date and upon reaching the expiration date, automatically deletes the alert. 4. A system according to claim 3, wherein the expiration date comprises a period of time that starts from a time the alert is delivered or a time from which one such recipient views the alert. 5. A system according to claim 1, wherein each alert comprises a report of activity or inactivity of the student based on the further education related data. 6. A system according to claim 1, wherein the central processing unit triggers a further event based on the event of the further received education related data received and combines the further event with the event in the alert. 7. A system according to claim 1, wherein the alert comprises one or more of an action button, text recommendation, hyperlink, and image. 8. A system according to claim 1, wherein the central processing unit identifies a preference of alert delivery for each of the recipients and delivers the alert to each recipient via the preferred alert delivery for that recipient. 9. A system according to claim 1, wherein comprehensive education related data comprising the education related data and the further received education related data for one of the students is utilized to track progress of that student in the online learning environment. 10. A system according to claim 9, wherein the alert provides an up-to-date status of the student's progress. 11. A computer-implemented method for providing alerts in an online learning environment, comprising:
maintaining an electronic gradebook for a teacher of an online learning environment, wherein the electronic gradebook comprises education related data for each student of the teacher; identifying an event in the online learning environment based on receipt of further education related data for one of the students of the teacher for entry into the electronic gradebook; automatically upon receipt into the electronic gradebook, generating an alert comprising for the event, comprising:
identifying a type of the further education related data received;
selecting a template for the alert based on the type of the further education related data;
filling in the template with the further education related data; and
identifying recipients of the alert that are associated with the student; and
delivering the alert to the identified recipients. 12. A method according to claim 11, wherein the alert is delivered to each recipient through one of a website, email, text message, and instant message 13. A method according to claim 11, further comprising:
associating the alert with an expiration date; and upon reaching the expiration date, automatically delete the alert. 14. A method according to claim 13, wherein the expiration date comprises a period of time that starts from a time the alert is delivered or a time from which one such recipient views the alert. 15. A method according to claim 11, wherein each alert comprises a report of activity or inactivity of the student based on the further education related data. 16. A method according to claim 11, further comprising:
triggering a further event based on the event of the further received education related data received; and combining the further event with the event in the alert. 17. A method according to claim 11, wherein the alert comprises one or more of an action button, text recommendation, hyperlink, and image. 18. A method according to claim 11, further comprising:
identifying a preference of alert delivery for each of the recipients; and delivering the alert to each recipient via the preferred alert delivery for that recipient. 19. A method according to claim 11, wherein comprehensive education related data comprising the education related data and the further received education related data for one of the students is utilized to track progress of that student in the online learning environment. 20. A method according to claim 19, wherein the alert provides an up-to-date status of the student's progress.
| 1,600
|
337,964
| 16,799,596
| 1,654
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A method for resource search and related products are provided. The method is applicable to a server and includes the following. A search request is received from a mobile terminal, where the search request includes a target search term. Search for a target search result set from a preset application library according to the target search term. The target search result set is pushed to the mobile terminal and the mobile terminal is instructed to display the target search result set, when the target search result set has a conversion rate greater than a first threshold value, where the target search result set is displayed with preset display contents, and the preset display contents at least include a conversion rate.
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1. A method for resource search, the method being applicable to a server and the method comprising:
receiving a search request from a mobile terminal, wherein the search request comprises a target search term; searching for a target search result set from a preset application library according to the target search term; and pushing the target search result set to the mobile terminal and instructing the mobile terminal to display the target search result set, when the target search result set has a conversion rate greater than a first threshold value, wherein the target search result set is displayed with preset display contents, and the preset display contents at least comprise a conversion rate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein searching for the target search result set from the preset application library according to the target search term comprises:
determining associated terms corresponding to the target search term, and obtaining a search term set according to the target search term and the associated terms; and searching for the target search result set from the preset application library according to the search term set. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the associated terms corresponding to the target search term, and obtaining the search term set according to the target search term and the associated terms comprises:
determining a synonym, a related term, and an antonym corresponding to the target search term; and obtaining the search term set according to the target search term and the synonym, the related term, and the antonym corresponding to the target search term. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the synonym, the related term, and the antonym corresponding to the target search term comprises:
parsing the target search term to obtain at least one keyword; determining, according to a preset keyword library, a synonym, a related term, and an antonym corresponding to the at least one keyword; and determining the synonym, the related term, and the antonym corresponding to the at least one keyword as the synonym, the related term, and the antonym corresponding to the target search term. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein searching for the target search result set from the preset application library according to the search term set comprises:
searching, according to the target search term and the synonym and the related term corresponding to the target search term, the preset application library, to obtain a first search result set; searching, according to the antonym corresponding to the target search term, the preset application library, to obtain a second search result set; determining an intersection between the first search result set and the second search result set as a third search result set; and determining the target search result set by subtracting the third search result set from the first search result set. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein pushing the target search result set to the mobile terminal and instructing the mobile terminal to display the target search result set comprises:
selecting, from the target search result set, P search results each having a conversion rate greater than a second threshold value, wherein P is a positive integer; acquiring a download record of a user corresponding to the mobile terminal; determining, according to the download record, preference of the user for application types, to obtain Q preference values, wherein the preference value is a ratio of a number of downloaded application resources corresponding to each application type to a total number of downloaded application resources; determining, for each of the P search results, a score according to the Q preference values and the conversion rate of each of the P search results, to obtain P scores, wherein the conversion rate of each of the P search results is a ratio of a number of times an application resource corresponding to the search result is downloaded to a number of times the application resource is searched; determining, for the P search results, a display order according to the P scores; and pushing the display order and the P search results to the mobile terminal, and instructing the mobile terminal to display the P search results, wherein the P search results are displayed with the preset display contents and the display order. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sending alarm information to a designated mailbox, when the conversion rate of the target search result set is less than or equal to the first preset threshold and a number of search results of the target search result set is less than a third preset threshold, wherein the alarm information comprises the target search term. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the preset display contents further comprise at least an application icon, a version number, the number of downloads, or an overview of each search result. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the conversion rate of the target search result set is an average conversion rate or a maximum conversion rate of first K search results of the target search result set, wherein K is a positive integer. 10. A server, comprising:
at least one processor; and a computer readable storage, coupled to the at least one processor and storing at least one computer executable instruction thereon which, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to:
receive a search request from a mobile terminal, wherein the search request comprises a target search term;
search for a target search result set from a preset application library according to the target search term; and
push the target search result set to the mobile terminal and instruct the mobile terminal to display the target search result set, when the target search result set has a conversion rate greater than a first threshold value, wherein the target search result set is displayed with preset display contents, and the preset display contents at least comprise a conversion rate. 11. The server of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor configured to search for the target search result set from the preset application library according to the target search term is configured to:
determine associated terms corresponding to the target search term, and obtain a search term set according to the target search term and the associated terms; and search for the target search result set from the preset application library according to the search term set. 12. The server of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor configured to determine the associated terms corresponding to the target search term, and obtain the search term set according to the target search term and the associated terms is configured to:
determine a synonym, a related term, and an antonym corresponding to the target search term; and obtain the search term set according to the target search term and the synonym, the related term, and the antonym corresponding to the target search term. 13. The server of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor configured to determine the synonym, the related term, and the antonym corresponding to the target search term is configured to:
parse the target search term to obtain at least one keyword; determine, according to a preset keyword library, a synonym, a related term, and an antonym corresponding to the at least one keyword; and determine the synonym, the related term, and the antonym corresponding to the at least one keyword as the synonym, the related term, and the antonym corresponding to the target search term. 14. The server of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor configured to search for the target search result set from the preset application library according to the search term set is configured to:
search, according to the target search term and the synonym and the related term corresponding to the target search term, the preset application library, to obtain a first search result set; search, according to the antonym corresponding to the target search term, the preset application library, to obtain a second search result set; determine an intersection between the first search result set and the second search result set as a third search result set; and determine the target search result set by subtracting the third search result set from the first search result set. 15. The server of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor configured to push the target search result set to the mobile terminal and instruct the mobile terminal to display the target search result set is configured to:
select, from the target search result set, P search results each having a conversion rate greater than a second threshold value, wherein P is a positive integer; acquire a download record of a user corresponding to the mobile terminal; determine, according to the download record, preference of the user for application types to obtain Q preference values, to determine, for each of the P search results, a score according to the Q preference values and the conversion rate of each of the P search results, to obtain P scores, and to determine, for the P search results, a display order according to the P scores; and push the display order and the P search results to the mobile terminal, and instruct the mobile terminal to display the P search results, wherein the P search results are displayed with the preset display contents and the display order. 16. The server of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
send alarm information to a designated mailbox, when the conversion rate of the target search result set is less than or equal to the first preset threshold and the number of search results of the target search result set is less than a third preset threshold, wherein the alarm information comprises the target search term. 17. The server of claim 10, wherein the preset display contents further comprise at least an application icon, a version number, the number of downloads, or an overview of each search result. 18. The server of claim 10, wherein the conversion rate of the target search result set is an average conversion rate or a maximum conversion rate of first K search results of the target search result set, wherein K is a positive integer. 19. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to:
receive a search request from a mobile terminal, wherein the search request comprises a target search term; search for a target search result set from a preset application library according to the target search term; and push the target search result set to the mobile terminal and instruct the mobile terminal to display the target search result set, when the target search result set has a conversion rate greater than a first threshold value, wherein the target search result set is displayed with preset display contents, and the preset display contents at least comprise a conversion rate. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the computer program executed by the processor to search for the target search result set from the preset application library according to the target search term is executed by the processor to:
determine associated terms corresponding to the target search term, and obtain a search term set according to the target search term and the associated terms; and search for the target search result set from the preset application library according to the search term set.
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A method for resource search and related products are provided. The method is applicable to a server and includes the following. A search request is received from a mobile terminal, where the search request includes a target search term. Search for a target search result set from a preset application library according to the target search term. The target search result set is pushed to the mobile terminal and the mobile terminal is instructed to display the target search result set, when the target search result set has a conversion rate greater than a first threshold value, where the target search result set is displayed with preset display contents, and the preset display contents at least include a conversion rate.1. A method for resource search, the method being applicable to a server and the method comprising:
receiving a search request from a mobile terminal, wherein the search request comprises a target search term; searching for a target search result set from a preset application library according to the target search term; and pushing the target search result set to the mobile terminal and instructing the mobile terminal to display the target search result set, when the target search result set has a conversion rate greater than a first threshold value, wherein the target search result set is displayed with preset display contents, and the preset display contents at least comprise a conversion rate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein searching for the target search result set from the preset application library according to the target search term comprises:
determining associated terms corresponding to the target search term, and obtaining a search term set according to the target search term and the associated terms; and searching for the target search result set from the preset application library according to the search term set. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the associated terms corresponding to the target search term, and obtaining the search term set according to the target search term and the associated terms comprises:
determining a synonym, a related term, and an antonym corresponding to the target search term; and obtaining the search term set according to the target search term and the synonym, the related term, and the antonym corresponding to the target search term. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the synonym, the related term, and the antonym corresponding to the target search term comprises:
parsing the target search term to obtain at least one keyword; determining, according to a preset keyword library, a synonym, a related term, and an antonym corresponding to the at least one keyword; and determining the synonym, the related term, and the antonym corresponding to the at least one keyword as the synonym, the related term, and the antonym corresponding to the target search term. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein searching for the target search result set from the preset application library according to the search term set comprises:
searching, according to the target search term and the synonym and the related term corresponding to the target search term, the preset application library, to obtain a first search result set; searching, according to the antonym corresponding to the target search term, the preset application library, to obtain a second search result set; determining an intersection between the first search result set and the second search result set as a third search result set; and determining the target search result set by subtracting the third search result set from the first search result set. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein pushing the target search result set to the mobile terminal and instructing the mobile terminal to display the target search result set comprises:
selecting, from the target search result set, P search results each having a conversion rate greater than a second threshold value, wherein P is a positive integer; acquiring a download record of a user corresponding to the mobile terminal; determining, according to the download record, preference of the user for application types, to obtain Q preference values, wherein the preference value is a ratio of a number of downloaded application resources corresponding to each application type to a total number of downloaded application resources; determining, for each of the P search results, a score according to the Q preference values and the conversion rate of each of the P search results, to obtain P scores, wherein the conversion rate of each of the P search results is a ratio of a number of times an application resource corresponding to the search result is downloaded to a number of times the application resource is searched; determining, for the P search results, a display order according to the P scores; and pushing the display order and the P search results to the mobile terminal, and instructing the mobile terminal to display the P search results, wherein the P search results are displayed with the preset display contents and the display order. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sending alarm information to a designated mailbox, when the conversion rate of the target search result set is less than or equal to the first preset threshold and a number of search results of the target search result set is less than a third preset threshold, wherein the alarm information comprises the target search term. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the preset display contents further comprise at least an application icon, a version number, the number of downloads, or an overview of each search result. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the conversion rate of the target search result set is an average conversion rate or a maximum conversion rate of first K search results of the target search result set, wherein K is a positive integer. 10. A server, comprising:
at least one processor; and a computer readable storage, coupled to the at least one processor and storing at least one computer executable instruction thereon which, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to:
receive a search request from a mobile terminal, wherein the search request comprises a target search term;
search for a target search result set from a preset application library according to the target search term; and
push the target search result set to the mobile terminal and instruct the mobile terminal to display the target search result set, when the target search result set has a conversion rate greater than a first threshold value, wherein the target search result set is displayed with preset display contents, and the preset display contents at least comprise a conversion rate. 11. The server of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor configured to search for the target search result set from the preset application library according to the target search term is configured to:
determine associated terms corresponding to the target search term, and obtain a search term set according to the target search term and the associated terms; and search for the target search result set from the preset application library according to the search term set. 12. The server of claim 11, wherein the at least one processor configured to determine the associated terms corresponding to the target search term, and obtain the search term set according to the target search term and the associated terms is configured to:
determine a synonym, a related term, and an antonym corresponding to the target search term; and obtain the search term set according to the target search term and the synonym, the related term, and the antonym corresponding to the target search term. 13. The server of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor configured to determine the synonym, the related term, and the antonym corresponding to the target search term is configured to:
parse the target search term to obtain at least one keyword; determine, according to a preset keyword library, a synonym, a related term, and an antonym corresponding to the at least one keyword; and determine the synonym, the related term, and the antonym corresponding to the at least one keyword as the synonym, the related term, and the antonym corresponding to the target search term. 14. The server of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor configured to search for the target search result set from the preset application library according to the search term set is configured to:
search, according to the target search term and the synonym and the related term corresponding to the target search term, the preset application library, to obtain a first search result set; search, according to the antonym corresponding to the target search term, the preset application library, to obtain a second search result set; determine an intersection between the first search result set and the second search result set as a third search result set; and determine the target search result set by subtracting the third search result set from the first search result set. 15. The server of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor configured to push the target search result set to the mobile terminal and instruct the mobile terminal to display the target search result set is configured to:
select, from the target search result set, P search results each having a conversion rate greater than a second threshold value, wherein P is a positive integer; acquire a download record of a user corresponding to the mobile terminal; determine, according to the download record, preference of the user for application types to obtain Q preference values, to determine, for each of the P search results, a score according to the Q preference values and the conversion rate of each of the P search results, to obtain P scores, and to determine, for the P search results, a display order according to the P scores; and push the display order and the P search results to the mobile terminal, and instruct the mobile terminal to display the P search results, wherein the P search results are displayed with the preset display contents and the display order. 16. The server of claim 10, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
send alarm information to a designated mailbox, when the conversion rate of the target search result set is less than or equal to the first preset threshold and the number of search results of the target search result set is less than a third preset threshold, wherein the alarm information comprises the target search term. 17. The server of claim 10, wherein the preset display contents further comprise at least an application icon, a version number, the number of downloads, or an overview of each search result. 18. The server of claim 10, wherein the conversion rate of the target search result set is an average conversion rate or a maximum conversion rate of first K search results of the target search result set, wherein K is a positive integer. 19. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to:
receive a search request from a mobile terminal, wherein the search request comprises a target search term; search for a target search result set from a preset application library according to the target search term; and push the target search result set to the mobile terminal and instruct the mobile terminal to display the target search result set, when the target search result set has a conversion rate greater than a first threshold value, wherein the target search result set is displayed with preset display contents, and the preset display contents at least comprise a conversion rate. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the computer program executed by the processor to search for the target search result set from the preset application library according to the target search term is executed by the processor to:
determine associated terms corresponding to the target search term, and obtain a search term set according to the target search term and the associated terms; and search for the target search result set from the preset application library according to the search term set.
| 1,600
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337,965
| 16,799,581
| 1,654
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Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method, device and computer program product for managing backup data. The method comprising: obtaining historical information of a plurality of historical operations on target data in a backup storage device during a first time period, the historical information indicating at least types and time of occurrences of the plurality of historical operations; determining, based on the historical information, whether the target data is to be rewritten to the backup storage device within a second time period after the first time period; and in response to determining that the target data is to be written to the backup storage device within the second time period, adjusting an expiration time of the target data in the backup storage device. Based on such a manner, efficiency of the backup system can be increased.
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1. A method of managing backup data, comprising:
obtaining historical information of a plurality of historical operations on target data in a backup storage device during a first time period, the historical information indicating at least types and time of occurrences of the plurality of historical operations; determining, based on the historical information, whether the target data is to be rewritten to the backup storage device within a second time period after the first time period; and in response to determining that the target data is to be written to the backup storage device within the second time period, adjusting an expiration time of the target data in the backup storage device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the historical information comprises:
in response to a historical operation on the target data during the first time period, determining a hash value of the target data; and storing a type and time of an occurrence of the historical operation in association with the hash value. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the target data is to be rewritten to a backup storage device within a second time period comprises:
determining a metric for the target data based on the historical information, the metric including at least one of the following: a number of times that the target data is written in the first time period, a time interval at which the target data are written in the first time period, a frequency at which the target data is written during a specific time period within the first time period, and a time interval at which the target data is deleted in the first time period; and determining, based on the metric, whether the target data is to be rewritten to the backup storage device within the second time period. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining, based on the metric, whether the target data is to be written to the backup storage device within the second time period comprises:
processing the metric with a machine learning model to determine whether the target data is to be written to the backup storage device within the second time period, wherein the machine learning model is trained based on at least one of: a reference metric determined based on a plurality of historical operations on reference data during a third time period, and an indication of whether the reference data are written to the backup storage device within a fourth time period after the third time period. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the expiration time comprises:
determining a set of time intervals between a plurality of write operations of the target data within the first time period based on the historical information; and determining the expiration time of the target data based on the set of time intervals. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the expiration time comprises:
determining at least one time interval from the set of time intervals based on a degree of change between two adjacent time intervals in the set of time intervals; and determining the expiration time of the target data in the backup storage device based on the at least one time interval. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the expiration time comprising:
in response to determining that the target data has been deleted from the backup storage device, rewriting the target data to the backup storage device based on a request to write the target data; and modifying the expiration time of the target data in the backup storage device. 8. An electronic device, comprising:
at least one processing unit; at least one memory coupled to the at least one processing unit and storing instructions executable by the at least one processing unit, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processing unit, causing the device to perform acts comprising:
obtaining historical information of a plurality of historical operations on target data in a backup storage device during a first time period, the historical information indicating at least types and time of occurrences of the plurality of historical operations;
determining, based on the historical information, whether the target data is to be rewritten to the backup storage device within a second time period after the first time period; and
in response to determining that the target data is to be written to the backup storage device within the second time period, adjusting an expiration time of the target data in the backup storage device. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein obtaining the historical information comprises:
in response to a historical operation on the target data during the first time period, determining a hash value of the target data; and storing a type and time of an occurrence of the historical operation in association with the hash value. 10. The device of claim 8, wherein determining whether the target data is to be rewritten to a backup storage device within a second time period comprises:
determining a metric for the target data based on the historical information, the metric including at least one of the following: a number of times that the target data is written in the first time period, a time interval at which the target data are written in the first time period, a frequency at which the target data is written during a specific time period within the first time period, and a time interval at which the target data is deleted in the first time period; and determining, based on the metric, whether the target data is to be rewritten to the backup storage device within the second time period. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein determining, based on the metric, whether the target data is to be written to the backup storage device within the second time period comprises:
processing the metric with a machine learning model to determine whether the target data is to be written to the backup storage device within the second time period, wherein the machine learning model is trained based on at least one of: a reference metric determined based on a plurality of historical operations on reference data during a third time period, and an indication of whether the reference data are written to the backup storage device within a fourth time period after the third time period. 12. The device of claim 8, wherein adjusting the expiration time comprises:
determining a set of time intervals between a plurality of write operations of the target data within the first time period based on the historical information; and determining the expiration time of the target data based on the set of time intervals. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein determining the expiration time comprises:
determining at least one time interval from the set of time intervals based on a degree of change between two adjacent time intervals in the set of time intervals; and determining the expiration time of the target data in the backup storage device based on the at least one time interval. 14. The device of claim 8, wherein adjusting the expiration time comprising:
in response to determining that the target data has been deleted from the backup storage device, rewriting the target data to the backup storage device based on a request to write the target data; and modifying the expiration time of the target data in the backup storage device. 15. A computer program product being tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium and comprising machine-executable instructions which, when executed in a device, cause the device to perform operations, the operations comprising:
obtaining historical information of a plurality of historical operations on target data in a backup storage device during a first time period, the historical information indicating at least types and time of occurrences of the plurality of historical operations; determining, based on the historical information, whether the target data is to be rewritten to the backup storage device within a second time period after the first time period; and in response to determining that the target data is to be written to the backup storage device within the second time period, adjusting an expiration time of the target data in the backup storage device. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein obtaining the historical information comprises:
in response to a historical operation on the target data during the first time period, determining a hash value of the target data; and storing a type and time of an occurrence of the historical operation in association with the hash value. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein determining whether the target data is to be rewritten to a backup storage device within a second time period comprises:
determining a metric for the target data based on the historical information, the metric including at least one of the following: a number of times that the target data is written in the first time period, a time interval at which the target data are written in the first time period, a frequency at which the target data is written during a specific time period within the first time period, and a time interval at which the target data is deleted in the first time period; and determining, based on the metric, whether the target data is to be rewritten to the backup storage device within the second time period. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein determining, based on the metric, whether the target data is to be written to the backup storage device within the second time period comprises:
processing the metric with a machine learning model to determine whether the target data is to be written to the backup storage device within the second time period, wherein the machine learning model is trained based on at least one of: a reference metric determined based on a plurality of historical operations on reference data during a third time period, and an indication of whether the reference data are written to the backup storage device within a fourth time period after the third time period. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein adjusting the expiration time comprises:
determining a set of time intervals between a plurality of write operations of the target data within the first time period based on the historical information; and determining the expiration time of the target data based on the set of time intervals. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, wherein determining the expiration time comprises:
determining at least one time interval from the set of time intervals based on a degree of change between two adjacent time intervals in the set of time intervals; and determining the expiration time of the target data in the backup storage device based on the at least one time interval.
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Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method, device and computer program product for managing backup data. The method comprising: obtaining historical information of a plurality of historical operations on target data in a backup storage device during a first time period, the historical information indicating at least types and time of occurrences of the plurality of historical operations; determining, based on the historical information, whether the target data is to be rewritten to the backup storage device within a second time period after the first time period; and in response to determining that the target data is to be written to the backup storage device within the second time period, adjusting an expiration time of the target data in the backup storage device. Based on such a manner, efficiency of the backup system can be increased.1. A method of managing backup data, comprising:
obtaining historical information of a plurality of historical operations on target data in a backup storage device during a first time period, the historical information indicating at least types and time of occurrences of the plurality of historical operations; determining, based on the historical information, whether the target data is to be rewritten to the backup storage device within a second time period after the first time period; and in response to determining that the target data is to be written to the backup storage device within the second time period, adjusting an expiration time of the target data in the backup storage device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein obtaining the historical information comprises:
in response to a historical operation on the target data during the first time period, determining a hash value of the target data; and storing a type and time of an occurrence of the historical operation in association with the hash value. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the target data is to be rewritten to a backup storage device within a second time period comprises:
determining a metric for the target data based on the historical information, the metric including at least one of the following: a number of times that the target data is written in the first time period, a time interval at which the target data are written in the first time period, a frequency at which the target data is written during a specific time period within the first time period, and a time interval at which the target data is deleted in the first time period; and determining, based on the metric, whether the target data is to be rewritten to the backup storage device within the second time period. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining, based on the metric, whether the target data is to be written to the backup storage device within the second time period comprises:
processing the metric with a machine learning model to determine whether the target data is to be written to the backup storage device within the second time period, wherein the machine learning model is trained based on at least one of: a reference metric determined based on a plurality of historical operations on reference data during a third time period, and an indication of whether the reference data are written to the backup storage device within a fourth time period after the third time period. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the expiration time comprises:
determining a set of time intervals between a plurality of write operations of the target data within the first time period based on the historical information; and determining the expiration time of the target data based on the set of time intervals. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the expiration time comprises:
determining at least one time interval from the set of time intervals based on a degree of change between two adjacent time intervals in the set of time intervals; and determining the expiration time of the target data in the backup storage device based on the at least one time interval. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein adjusting the expiration time comprising:
in response to determining that the target data has been deleted from the backup storage device, rewriting the target data to the backup storage device based on a request to write the target data; and modifying the expiration time of the target data in the backup storage device. 8. An electronic device, comprising:
at least one processing unit; at least one memory coupled to the at least one processing unit and storing instructions executable by the at least one processing unit, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processing unit, causing the device to perform acts comprising:
obtaining historical information of a plurality of historical operations on target data in a backup storage device during a first time period, the historical information indicating at least types and time of occurrences of the plurality of historical operations;
determining, based on the historical information, whether the target data is to be rewritten to the backup storage device within a second time period after the first time period; and
in response to determining that the target data is to be written to the backup storage device within the second time period, adjusting an expiration time of the target data in the backup storage device. 9. The device of claim 8, wherein obtaining the historical information comprises:
in response to a historical operation on the target data during the first time period, determining a hash value of the target data; and storing a type and time of an occurrence of the historical operation in association with the hash value. 10. The device of claim 8, wherein determining whether the target data is to be rewritten to a backup storage device within a second time period comprises:
determining a metric for the target data based on the historical information, the metric including at least one of the following: a number of times that the target data is written in the first time period, a time interval at which the target data are written in the first time period, a frequency at which the target data is written during a specific time period within the first time period, and a time interval at which the target data is deleted in the first time period; and determining, based on the metric, whether the target data is to be rewritten to the backup storage device within the second time period. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein determining, based on the metric, whether the target data is to be written to the backup storage device within the second time period comprises:
processing the metric with a machine learning model to determine whether the target data is to be written to the backup storage device within the second time period, wherein the machine learning model is trained based on at least one of: a reference metric determined based on a plurality of historical operations on reference data during a third time period, and an indication of whether the reference data are written to the backup storage device within a fourth time period after the third time period. 12. The device of claim 8, wherein adjusting the expiration time comprises:
determining a set of time intervals between a plurality of write operations of the target data within the first time period based on the historical information; and determining the expiration time of the target data based on the set of time intervals. 13. The device of claim 12, wherein determining the expiration time comprises:
determining at least one time interval from the set of time intervals based on a degree of change between two adjacent time intervals in the set of time intervals; and determining the expiration time of the target data in the backup storage device based on the at least one time interval. 14. The device of claim 8, wherein adjusting the expiration time comprising:
in response to determining that the target data has been deleted from the backup storage device, rewriting the target data to the backup storage device based on a request to write the target data; and modifying the expiration time of the target data in the backup storage device. 15. A computer program product being tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium and comprising machine-executable instructions which, when executed in a device, cause the device to perform operations, the operations comprising:
obtaining historical information of a plurality of historical operations on target data in a backup storage device during a first time period, the historical information indicating at least types and time of occurrences of the plurality of historical operations; determining, based on the historical information, whether the target data is to be rewritten to the backup storage device within a second time period after the first time period; and in response to determining that the target data is to be written to the backup storage device within the second time period, adjusting an expiration time of the target data in the backup storage device. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein obtaining the historical information comprises:
in response to a historical operation on the target data during the first time period, determining a hash value of the target data; and storing a type and time of an occurrence of the historical operation in association with the hash value. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein determining whether the target data is to be rewritten to a backup storage device within a second time period comprises:
determining a metric for the target data based on the historical information, the metric including at least one of the following: a number of times that the target data is written in the first time period, a time interval at which the target data are written in the first time period, a frequency at which the target data is written during a specific time period within the first time period, and a time interval at which the target data is deleted in the first time period; and determining, based on the metric, whether the target data is to be rewritten to the backup storage device within the second time period. 18. The computer program product of claim 17, wherein determining, based on the metric, whether the target data is to be written to the backup storage device within the second time period comprises:
processing the metric with a machine learning model to determine whether the target data is to be written to the backup storage device within the second time period, wherein the machine learning model is trained based on at least one of: a reference metric determined based on a plurality of historical operations on reference data during a third time period, and an indication of whether the reference data are written to the backup storage device within a fourth time period after the third time period. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein adjusting the expiration time comprises:
determining a set of time intervals between a plurality of write operations of the target data within the first time period based on the historical information; and determining the expiration time of the target data based on the set of time intervals. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, wherein determining the expiration time comprises:
determining at least one time interval from the set of time intervals based on a degree of change between two adjacent time intervals in the set of time intervals; and determining the expiration time of the target data in the backup storage device based on the at least one time interval.
| 1,600
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337,966
| 16,799,617
| 3,651
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A lateral gripper includes a gripper mount, and two gripper jaw modules assembled on the gripper mount. Each gripper jaw module includes a sliding block and a gripper jaw. The sliding block drives the gripper jaw to slide on the gripper mount. The gripper jaw is configured to grip a drill box by multi-point contact, so that the freedom of the drill box is restricted, and the drill box can be stably carried by the gripper jaw modules.
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1. A lateral gripper, comprising:
a gripper mount comprising a transversely arranged linear sliding groove; two gripper jaw modules coupled to said linear sliding groove of said gripper mount and drivable by a driving device to move along said linear sliding groove relative to each other between a close position and an open position, each said gripper jaw module comprising a sliding block and a gripper jaw, said sliding block being a T-shaped block, said sliding block comprising a sliding end and a connecting surface, said sliding end being slidably coupled to said linear sliding groove, said gripper jaw being a L-shaped jaw mounted on said connecting surface, said gripper jaw comprising a mounting portion, an abutment surface and a gripping surface, said mounting portion corresponding to said connecting surface and combining said sliding block with said gripper jaw by fastening means, said abutment surface and said gripping surface being connected at right angles, said gripping surface comprising a plurality of mounting holes, said abutment surfaces and said gripping surfaces of said two gripper jaw modules defining a gripping space for gripping an object; and a plurality of positioning devices symmetrically mounted in said mounting holes on said gripping surfaces of said gripper jaws of said two gripper jaw modules. 2. The lateral gripper as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gripper mount further comprising a connection unit, said connection unit having one end thereof connected to a driving device and an opposite end thereof connected to said sliding blocks of said two gripper jaw modules for allowing said driving device to drive said blocks of said two gripper jaw modules to move along said linear sliding groove relative to each other between said close position and said open position. 3. The lateral gripper as claimed in claim 1, wherein each said positioning device comprises a spring mounted in one said mounting hole of one said gripper jaw module, a steel ball supported on said spring, and a limiter for position-limiting said steel ball to said spring. 4. The lateral gripper as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of said positioning devices are mounted in said mounting holes on said gripping surface of said gripper jaw of each of said two gripper jaw modules and arranged in a row. 5. The lateral gripper as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of said positioning devices are mounted in said mounting holes on said gripping surface of said gripper jaw of each of said two gripper jaw modules and arranged in two rows. 6. The lateral gripper as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gripper mount is mounted in an automatic handling device and said an automatic handling device is a robotic arm.
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A lateral gripper includes a gripper mount, and two gripper jaw modules assembled on the gripper mount. Each gripper jaw module includes a sliding block and a gripper jaw. The sliding block drives the gripper jaw to slide on the gripper mount. The gripper jaw is configured to grip a drill box by multi-point contact, so that the freedom of the drill box is restricted, and the drill box can be stably carried by the gripper jaw modules.1. A lateral gripper, comprising:
a gripper mount comprising a transversely arranged linear sliding groove; two gripper jaw modules coupled to said linear sliding groove of said gripper mount and drivable by a driving device to move along said linear sliding groove relative to each other between a close position and an open position, each said gripper jaw module comprising a sliding block and a gripper jaw, said sliding block being a T-shaped block, said sliding block comprising a sliding end and a connecting surface, said sliding end being slidably coupled to said linear sliding groove, said gripper jaw being a L-shaped jaw mounted on said connecting surface, said gripper jaw comprising a mounting portion, an abutment surface and a gripping surface, said mounting portion corresponding to said connecting surface and combining said sliding block with said gripper jaw by fastening means, said abutment surface and said gripping surface being connected at right angles, said gripping surface comprising a plurality of mounting holes, said abutment surfaces and said gripping surfaces of said two gripper jaw modules defining a gripping space for gripping an object; and a plurality of positioning devices symmetrically mounted in said mounting holes on said gripping surfaces of said gripper jaws of said two gripper jaw modules. 2. The lateral gripper as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gripper mount further comprising a connection unit, said connection unit having one end thereof connected to a driving device and an opposite end thereof connected to said sliding blocks of said two gripper jaw modules for allowing said driving device to drive said blocks of said two gripper jaw modules to move along said linear sliding groove relative to each other between said close position and said open position. 3. The lateral gripper as claimed in claim 1, wherein each said positioning device comprises a spring mounted in one said mounting hole of one said gripper jaw module, a steel ball supported on said spring, and a limiter for position-limiting said steel ball to said spring. 4. The lateral gripper as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of said positioning devices are mounted in said mounting holes on said gripping surface of said gripper jaw of each of said two gripper jaw modules and arranged in a row. 5. The lateral gripper as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of said positioning devices are mounted in said mounting holes on said gripping surface of said gripper jaw of each of said two gripper jaw modules and arranged in two rows. 6. The lateral gripper as claimed in claim 1, wherein said gripper mount is mounted in an automatic handling device and said an automatic handling device is a robotic arm.
| 3,600
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337,967
| 16,799,600
| 3,651
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Aspects described herein include an end effector capable of prehending items using impactive and astrictive forces. The end effector includes an interface system having a deformable mounting plate and a pliable body member attached to the mounting plate. The end effector further includes a linkage system between a plurality of actuators and the interface system. The linkage system connects to lateral portions of the mounting plate.
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1. An end effector capable of prehending items using impactive and astrictive forces, the end effector comprising:
a central structural member arranged around a central axis of the end effector; a plurality of actuators; an interface system comprising:
a deformable mounting plate; and
a pliable body member attached to the mounting plate, the pliable body member having, at a distal end, a sealing surface configured to seal with items brought into proximity with the end effector, the pliable body member at least partially defining an inner recess;
a vacuum port in fluid communication with the inner recess and arranged around the central axis; and a linkage system between the plurality of actuators and the interface system, the linkage system comprising, for each actuator of the plurality of actuators:
a first link connected with:
an end of the actuator at a first joint, the first joint at a first radial distance from the central axis; and
the central structural member via a second joint, the second joint at a second radial distance less than the first radial distance; and
a second link connected with:
the first link at a third joint, the third joint at a third radial distance greater than the first radial distance; and
a lateral portion of the mounting plate at a fourth joint, the fourth joint at a fourth radial distance greater than the third radial distance. 2. The end effector of claim 1, wherein the plurality of actuators comprises:
a first pair of opposing linear actuators within a first plane; and a second pair of opposing linear actuators within a second plane orthogonal to the first plane. 3. The end effector of claim 1, wherein at least one component of the linkage system is rotatable about a rotation axis to cause the mounting plate to rotate about the central axis. 4. The end effector of claim 3, wherein the first link comprises:
a first link component; and a second link component rotatable relative to the first link component. 5. The end effector of claim 3, wherein the linkage system further comprises, for each actuator of the plurality of actuators:
an intermediate member connected with the first link at the second joint, wherein the intermediate member is rotatable relative to the central structural member. 6. A method of prehending an item using an end effector, the method comprising:
bringing the item into proximity of a sealing surface at a distal end of a pliable body member; applying a suction force to an inner recess defined within the pliable body member, thereby causing the end effector to apply an astrictive force to the item; and applying, using a plurality of actuators connected with lateral portions of a deformable plate through a linkage system, at least a first force to deform the deformable plate and cause the end effector to apply an impactive force to the item. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the end effector applies the impactive force to the item prior to applying the suction force to the inner recess. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
prior to contacting the item with the sealing surface, applying at least a second force using the plurality of actuators to deform the deformable plate and alter a geometry of the sealing surface. 9. The method of claim 6,
wherein at least one component of the linkage system is rotatable about a rotation axis to cause the deformable plate to rotate about a central axis of the end effector, and wherein contacting the item with the sealing surface causes the at least one component to rotate such the sealing surface is more closely aligned with a geometry of the item. 10. The method of claim 6,
wherein the plurality of actuators comprises linear actuators, wherein applying the one or more first forces comprises extending a first linear actuator of the plurality of actuators to apply the first force to a first joint of a first link, wherein applying the first force causes the first link to rotate about a second joint that connects the linkage system with a central structural member of the end effector, wherein rotating the first link about the second joint causes a second force to be applied to a third joint connecting the first link with a second link, and wherein applying the second force to the third joint causes a third force to be applied to a fourth joint connecting the second link with a first lateral portion of the lateral portions. 11. The method of claim 10,
wherein the first joint is at a first radial distance from a central axis of the end effector, wherein the second joint is at a second radial distance less than the first radial distance, wherein the third joint is at a third radial distance greater than the first radial distance, and wherein the fourth joint is at a fourth radial distance greater than the third radial distance. 12. An end effector for prehending items, the end effector comprising:
a plurality of actuators; an interface system comprising a deformable plate; and a linkage system between the plurality of actuators and the interface system, the linkage system comprising, for each actuator of the plurality of actuators:
a first link connected with:
an end of the actuator at a first joint, the first joint at a first radial distance from a central axis of the end effector; and
a central structural member via a second joint, the second joint at a second radial distance less than the first radial distance; and
a second link connected with:
the first link at a third joint, the third joint at a third radial distance greater than the first radial distance; and
a lateral portion of the deformable plate at a fourth joint, the fourth joint at a fourth radial distance greater than the third radial distance,
wherein at least one component of the linkage system is rotatable about a rotation axis to cause the deformable plate to rotate about the central axis. 13. The end effector of claim 12,
wherein the plurality of actuators comprises linear actuators, wherein extending at least two opposing linear actuators of the plurality of actuators causes the deformable plate to deform, and wherein the deformable plate, when deformed, causes the end effector to apply an impactive force to an item. 14. The end effector of claim 13, wherein the interface system further comprises:
a pliable body member attached to the deformable plate and having a sealing surface at its distal end configured to seal with items brought into proximity with the end effector, the pliable body member at least partially defining an inner recess, and wherein the end effector further comprises a vacuum port in fluid communication with the inner recess. 15. The end effector of claim 14, wherein the vacuum port is arranged around the central axis. 16. The end effector of claim 12, wherein the linkage system further comprises, for each actuator of the plurality of actuators:
an intermediate member connected with:
the first link at the second joint;
an exterior of the actuator via a fifth joint, the fifth joint at a fifth radial distance greater than the second radial distance; and
the central structural member via a sixth joint,
wherein the rotation axis is the rotation axis of the sixth joint. 17. The end effector of claim 16, wherein the fifth joint is at a sleeve arranged around the actuator, the sleeve configured to rotate about the actuator. 18. The end effector of claim 16, wherein the rotation axis of the sixth joint is substantially parallel to the central axis of the end effector. 19. The end effector of claim 16,
wherein each intermediate member defines an opening through which the respective actuator passes, and wherein the opening limits a range of motion of the respective actuator when the intermediate member is rotated about the rotation axis. 20. The end effector of claim 16, wherein the central structural member comprises:
one or more stop features that limit a range of rotation of the intermediate member about the rotation axis. 21. The end effector of claim 12, wherein the first link comprises:
a first link component connected with:
the end of the actuator of the first joint; and
the central structural member at the second joint; and
a second link component connected with:
the second link at the third joint; and
the first link component at a fourth joint,
wherein the rotation axis is the rotation axis of the fourth joint. 22. The end effector of claim 12, wherein the central structural member is included in a structural assembly further comprising:
a second central structural member spaced apart from, and rigidly connected with, the central structural member, wherein each actuator of the plurality of actuators is connected with the second structural member at a respective second end that is opposite the end connected with the first link; and a third central structural member connected with one of the central structural member and the second central structural member, wherein the structural assembly is rotatable about a second rotation axis extending through the third central structural member. 23. The end effector of claim 22, further comprising:
a first sprocket connected with a motor; and a second sprocket connected with the first sprocket via a toothed belt, and with the third central structural member. 24. The end effector of claim 23, wherein an opening extends through the second sprocket, wherein the interface system further comprises:
a pliable body member attached to the deformable plate and having a sealing surface at its distal end configured to seal with items brought into proximity with the end effector, the pliable body member at least partially defining an inner recess, and wherein the end effector further comprises a vacuum port in fluid communication with the inner recess through the opening and through the third central structural member.
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Aspects described herein include an end effector capable of prehending items using impactive and astrictive forces. The end effector includes an interface system having a deformable mounting plate and a pliable body member attached to the mounting plate. The end effector further includes a linkage system between a plurality of actuators and the interface system. The linkage system connects to lateral portions of the mounting plate.1. An end effector capable of prehending items using impactive and astrictive forces, the end effector comprising:
a central structural member arranged around a central axis of the end effector; a plurality of actuators; an interface system comprising:
a deformable mounting plate; and
a pliable body member attached to the mounting plate, the pliable body member having, at a distal end, a sealing surface configured to seal with items brought into proximity with the end effector, the pliable body member at least partially defining an inner recess;
a vacuum port in fluid communication with the inner recess and arranged around the central axis; and a linkage system between the plurality of actuators and the interface system, the linkage system comprising, for each actuator of the plurality of actuators:
a first link connected with:
an end of the actuator at a first joint, the first joint at a first radial distance from the central axis; and
the central structural member via a second joint, the second joint at a second radial distance less than the first radial distance; and
a second link connected with:
the first link at a third joint, the third joint at a third radial distance greater than the first radial distance; and
a lateral portion of the mounting plate at a fourth joint, the fourth joint at a fourth radial distance greater than the third radial distance. 2. The end effector of claim 1, wherein the plurality of actuators comprises:
a first pair of opposing linear actuators within a first plane; and a second pair of opposing linear actuators within a second plane orthogonal to the first plane. 3. The end effector of claim 1, wherein at least one component of the linkage system is rotatable about a rotation axis to cause the mounting plate to rotate about the central axis. 4. The end effector of claim 3, wherein the first link comprises:
a first link component; and a second link component rotatable relative to the first link component. 5. The end effector of claim 3, wherein the linkage system further comprises, for each actuator of the plurality of actuators:
an intermediate member connected with the first link at the second joint, wherein the intermediate member is rotatable relative to the central structural member. 6. A method of prehending an item using an end effector, the method comprising:
bringing the item into proximity of a sealing surface at a distal end of a pliable body member; applying a suction force to an inner recess defined within the pliable body member, thereby causing the end effector to apply an astrictive force to the item; and applying, using a plurality of actuators connected with lateral portions of a deformable plate through a linkage system, at least a first force to deform the deformable plate and cause the end effector to apply an impactive force to the item. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the end effector applies the impactive force to the item prior to applying the suction force to the inner recess. 8. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
prior to contacting the item with the sealing surface, applying at least a second force using the plurality of actuators to deform the deformable plate and alter a geometry of the sealing surface. 9. The method of claim 6,
wherein at least one component of the linkage system is rotatable about a rotation axis to cause the deformable plate to rotate about a central axis of the end effector, and wherein contacting the item with the sealing surface causes the at least one component to rotate such the sealing surface is more closely aligned with a geometry of the item. 10. The method of claim 6,
wherein the plurality of actuators comprises linear actuators, wherein applying the one or more first forces comprises extending a first linear actuator of the plurality of actuators to apply the first force to a first joint of a first link, wherein applying the first force causes the first link to rotate about a second joint that connects the linkage system with a central structural member of the end effector, wherein rotating the first link about the second joint causes a second force to be applied to a third joint connecting the first link with a second link, and wherein applying the second force to the third joint causes a third force to be applied to a fourth joint connecting the second link with a first lateral portion of the lateral portions. 11. The method of claim 10,
wherein the first joint is at a first radial distance from a central axis of the end effector, wherein the second joint is at a second radial distance less than the first radial distance, wherein the third joint is at a third radial distance greater than the first radial distance, and wherein the fourth joint is at a fourth radial distance greater than the third radial distance. 12. An end effector for prehending items, the end effector comprising:
a plurality of actuators; an interface system comprising a deformable plate; and a linkage system between the plurality of actuators and the interface system, the linkage system comprising, for each actuator of the plurality of actuators:
a first link connected with:
an end of the actuator at a first joint, the first joint at a first radial distance from a central axis of the end effector; and
a central structural member via a second joint, the second joint at a second radial distance less than the first radial distance; and
a second link connected with:
the first link at a third joint, the third joint at a third radial distance greater than the first radial distance; and
a lateral portion of the deformable plate at a fourth joint, the fourth joint at a fourth radial distance greater than the third radial distance,
wherein at least one component of the linkage system is rotatable about a rotation axis to cause the deformable plate to rotate about the central axis. 13. The end effector of claim 12,
wherein the plurality of actuators comprises linear actuators, wherein extending at least two opposing linear actuators of the plurality of actuators causes the deformable plate to deform, and wherein the deformable plate, when deformed, causes the end effector to apply an impactive force to an item. 14. The end effector of claim 13, wherein the interface system further comprises:
a pliable body member attached to the deformable plate and having a sealing surface at its distal end configured to seal with items brought into proximity with the end effector, the pliable body member at least partially defining an inner recess, and wherein the end effector further comprises a vacuum port in fluid communication with the inner recess. 15. The end effector of claim 14, wherein the vacuum port is arranged around the central axis. 16. The end effector of claim 12, wherein the linkage system further comprises, for each actuator of the plurality of actuators:
an intermediate member connected with:
the first link at the second joint;
an exterior of the actuator via a fifth joint, the fifth joint at a fifth radial distance greater than the second radial distance; and
the central structural member via a sixth joint,
wherein the rotation axis is the rotation axis of the sixth joint. 17. The end effector of claim 16, wherein the fifth joint is at a sleeve arranged around the actuator, the sleeve configured to rotate about the actuator. 18. The end effector of claim 16, wherein the rotation axis of the sixth joint is substantially parallel to the central axis of the end effector. 19. The end effector of claim 16,
wherein each intermediate member defines an opening through which the respective actuator passes, and wherein the opening limits a range of motion of the respective actuator when the intermediate member is rotated about the rotation axis. 20. The end effector of claim 16, wherein the central structural member comprises:
one or more stop features that limit a range of rotation of the intermediate member about the rotation axis. 21. The end effector of claim 12, wherein the first link comprises:
a first link component connected with:
the end of the actuator of the first joint; and
the central structural member at the second joint; and
a second link component connected with:
the second link at the third joint; and
the first link component at a fourth joint,
wherein the rotation axis is the rotation axis of the fourth joint. 22. The end effector of claim 12, wherein the central structural member is included in a structural assembly further comprising:
a second central structural member spaced apart from, and rigidly connected with, the central structural member, wherein each actuator of the plurality of actuators is connected with the second structural member at a respective second end that is opposite the end connected with the first link; and a third central structural member connected with one of the central structural member and the second central structural member, wherein the structural assembly is rotatable about a second rotation axis extending through the third central structural member. 23. The end effector of claim 22, further comprising:
a first sprocket connected with a motor; and a second sprocket connected with the first sprocket via a toothed belt, and with the third central structural member. 24. The end effector of claim 23, wherein an opening extends through the second sprocket, wherein the interface system further comprises:
a pliable body member attached to the deformable plate and having a sealing surface at its distal end configured to seal with items brought into proximity with the end effector, the pliable body member at least partially defining an inner recess, and wherein the end effector further comprises a vacuum port in fluid communication with the inner recess through the opening and through the third central structural member.
| 3,600
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337,968
| 16,799,586
| 3,651
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Disclosed embodiments relate to an accelerator for sparse-dense matrix instructions. In one example, a processor to execute a sparse-dense matrix multiplication instruction, includes fetch circuitry to fetch the sparse-dense matrix multiplication instruction having fields to specify an opcode, a dense output matrix, a dense source matrix, and a sparse source matrix having a sparsity of non-zero elements, the sparsity being less than one, decode circuitry to decode the fetched sparse-dense matrix multiplication instruction, execution circuitry to execute the decoded sparse-dense matrix multiplication instruction to, for each non-zero element at row M and column K of the specified sparse source matrix generate a product of the non-zero element and each corresponding dense element at row K and column N of the specified dense source matrix, and generate an accumulated sum of each generated product and a previous value of a corresponding output element at row M and column N of the specified dense output matrix.
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1.-20. (canceled) 21. A processor comprising:
local data storage circuitry to store matrix data including at least a portion of a first source matrix and at least a portion of a second source matrix, wherein the first source matrix comprises a sparse matrix stored in a compressed sparse matrix format; matrix multiply circuitry to perform multiply-accumulate operations with data elements from the first source matrix and the second source matrix to generate a result matrix, the matrix multiply circuitry comprising: source identification circuitry to interpret the compressed sparse matrix format to identify matrix coordinates of non-zero data elements in the first source matrix and to identify intersections between the matrix coordinates and corresponding coordinates of data elements in the second source matrix, the matrix multiply circuitry comprising: an array of multiply-accumulate processing units to multiply the non-zero data elements of the first source matrix by the data elements in the second source matrix identified based on the matrix coordinates to generate a plurality of products and to add the plurality of products to a plurality of accumulated values to generate one or more data elements of the result matrix. 22. The processor of claim 21 wherein each matrix coordinate of a non-zero data element in the first source matrix is to be used to identify a row and/or column in the second source matrix comprising a plurality of data elements, wherein the array of multiply-accumulate processing units are to multiply the non-zero data element in the first matrix by each of the plurality of data elements to generate a corresponding plurality of products. 23. The processor of claim 21 wherein the second source matrix comprises a dense matrix. 24. The processor of claim 21 wherein the compressed sparse matrix format comprises a compressed sparse row (CSR) format or a compressed sparse column (CSC) format. 25. The processor of claim 23 further comprising an instruction decoder to decode a dense-sparse matrix multiply-accumulate instruction and an execution unit comprising the matrix multiply-accumulate circuitry to execute the dense-sparse matrix multiply-accumulate instruction. 26. The processor of claim 25 wherein the dense-sparse matrix multiply-accumulate instruction comprises a plurality of fields including a first field to specify an opcode, a second field to identify the result matrix, a third field to identify the first source matrix, and a fourth field to identify the second source matrix. 27. The processor of claim 21 wherein the first source matrix and the second source matrix comprise an activation matrix and/or a weight vector in a machine-learning implementation.
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Disclosed embodiments relate to an accelerator for sparse-dense matrix instructions. In one example, a processor to execute a sparse-dense matrix multiplication instruction, includes fetch circuitry to fetch the sparse-dense matrix multiplication instruction having fields to specify an opcode, a dense output matrix, a dense source matrix, and a sparse source matrix having a sparsity of non-zero elements, the sparsity being less than one, decode circuitry to decode the fetched sparse-dense matrix multiplication instruction, execution circuitry to execute the decoded sparse-dense matrix multiplication instruction to, for each non-zero element at row M and column K of the specified sparse source matrix generate a product of the non-zero element and each corresponding dense element at row K and column N of the specified dense source matrix, and generate an accumulated sum of each generated product and a previous value of a corresponding output element at row M and column N of the specified dense output matrix.1.-20. (canceled) 21. A processor comprising:
local data storage circuitry to store matrix data including at least a portion of a first source matrix and at least a portion of a second source matrix, wherein the first source matrix comprises a sparse matrix stored in a compressed sparse matrix format; matrix multiply circuitry to perform multiply-accumulate operations with data elements from the first source matrix and the second source matrix to generate a result matrix, the matrix multiply circuitry comprising: source identification circuitry to interpret the compressed sparse matrix format to identify matrix coordinates of non-zero data elements in the first source matrix and to identify intersections between the matrix coordinates and corresponding coordinates of data elements in the second source matrix, the matrix multiply circuitry comprising: an array of multiply-accumulate processing units to multiply the non-zero data elements of the first source matrix by the data elements in the second source matrix identified based on the matrix coordinates to generate a plurality of products and to add the plurality of products to a plurality of accumulated values to generate one or more data elements of the result matrix. 22. The processor of claim 21 wherein each matrix coordinate of a non-zero data element in the first source matrix is to be used to identify a row and/or column in the second source matrix comprising a plurality of data elements, wherein the array of multiply-accumulate processing units are to multiply the non-zero data element in the first matrix by each of the plurality of data elements to generate a corresponding plurality of products. 23. The processor of claim 21 wherein the second source matrix comprises a dense matrix. 24. The processor of claim 21 wherein the compressed sparse matrix format comprises a compressed sparse row (CSR) format or a compressed sparse column (CSC) format. 25. The processor of claim 23 further comprising an instruction decoder to decode a dense-sparse matrix multiply-accumulate instruction and an execution unit comprising the matrix multiply-accumulate circuitry to execute the dense-sparse matrix multiply-accumulate instruction. 26. The processor of claim 25 wherein the dense-sparse matrix multiply-accumulate instruction comprises a plurality of fields including a first field to specify an opcode, a second field to identify the result matrix, a third field to identify the first source matrix, and a fourth field to identify the second source matrix. 27. The processor of claim 21 wherein the first source matrix and the second source matrix comprise an activation matrix and/or a weight vector in a machine-learning implementation.
| 3,600
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337,969
| 16,799,595
| 3,651
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In an aspect, a battery module is assembly by mounting first and second jig towers (e.g., monolithic or modular/stackable jig towers) on a surface. Battery cell(s) are arranged between the jig towers and fixed in position based in part on battery cell fixation elements arranged in the respective jig towers. At least one magnetic-based supplemental fixation element is used to apply magnetic force (e.g., attractive and/or repulsive magnetic force) so as to direct the battery cell(s) towards the first jig tower and away from the second jig tower (e.g., so that battery cells in respective rows will be flush with each other).
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1. A method of battery module assembly, comprising:
mounting a first jig tower on a surface; mounting a second jig tower on the surface; arranging a set of battery cells arranged between a first part of the first jig tower that includes a first set of battery cell fixation elements and a second part of the second jig tower that opposes the first part of the first jig tower and is arranged with a second set of battery cell fixation elements, the set of battery cells each being fixed in position at least in part by the first and second sets of fixation elements; and applying magnetic force to each battery cell in the set of battery cells in a direction that is towards the first jig tower and away from the second jig tower. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second sets of fixation elements comprise pins. 3. The method of claim 1,
wherein the first jig tower comprises a first set of stackable jigs, and wherein the second jig tower comprises a second set of stackable jigs. 4. The method of claim 1,
wherein the first jig tower comprises a first side plate arranged with multiple sets of battery cell fixation elements at different heights of the first side plate so as to provide fixation for rows of battery cells arranged at different heights of the first side plate, and wherein the second jig tower comprises a second side plate arranged with multiple sets of battery cell fixation elements at different heights of the second side plate so as to provide fixation for the different rows of battery cells. 5. The method of claim 1,
wherein one of the first and second jig towers comprises a set of stackable jigs, and wherein the other of the first and second jig towers comprises a side plate arranged with multiple sets of battery cell fixation elements at different heights of the side plate so as to provide fixation for different rows of battery cells. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the magnetic force is an attractive force that pulls each battery cell in the set of battery cells towards the first jig tower. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the magnetic force is a repulsive force that pushes each battery cell in the set of battery cells away from the second jig tower. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
applying glue to permanently fix the set of battery cells into position while the magnetic force is being applied. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
ceasing the application of the magnetic force after the glue has cured. 10. The method of claim 9,
wherein the applying includes switching on at least one electric magnet, and wherein the ceasing includes switching off the at least one electric magnet. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the applying includes switching on at least one electric magnet. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the applying applies the magnetic force via at least one permanent magnet. 13. A battery module assembly arrangement, comprising:
a first jig tower mounted on a surface; a second jig tower mounted on the surface; a set of battery cells arranged between a first part of the first jig tower that includes a first set of battery cell fixation elements and a second part of the second jig tower that opposes the first stackable jig and is arranged with a second set of battery cell fixation elements, the set of battery cells each being fixed in position at least in part by the first and second sets of fixation elements; and at least one magnetic-based supplemental fixation element configured to apply magnetic force to each battery cell in the set of battery cells in a direction that is towards the first jig tower and away from the second jig tower. 14. The battery module assembly arrangement of claim 13, wherein the first and second sets of fixation elements comprise pins. 15. The battery module assembly arrangement of claim 13,
wherein the first jig tower comprises a first set of stackable jigs, and wherein the second jig tower comprises a second set of stackable jigs. 16. The battery module assembly arrangement of claim 13,
wherein the first jig tower comprises a first side plate arranged with multiple sets of battery cell fixation elements at different heights of the first side plate so as to provide fixation for different rows of battery cells, and wherein the second jig tower comprises a second side plate arranged with multiple sets of battery cell fixation elements at different heights of the second side plate so as to provide fixation for the different rows of battery cells. 17. The battery module assembly arrangement of claim 13,
wherein one of the first and second jig towers comprises a set of stackable jigs, and wherein the other of the first and second jig towers comprises a side plate arranged with multiple sets of battery cell fixation elements at different heights of the side plate so as to provide fixation for different rows of battery cells. 18. The battery module assembly arrangement of claim 13, wherein the magnetic force is an attractive force that pulls each battery cell in the set of battery cells towards the first jig tower. 19. The battery module assembly arrangement of claim 13, wherein the magnetic force is a repulsive force that pushes each battery cell in the set of battery cells away from the second jig tower. 20. The battery module assembly arrangement of claim 13, further comprising:
glue in a non-cured, partially cured or fully cured state that is configured to permanently fix the set of battery cells into position when fully cured. 21. The battery module assembly arrangement of claim 13, wherein the at least one magnetic-based supplemental fixation element includes at least one electric magnet that is switched on. 22. The battery module assembly arrangement of claim 13, wherein the at least one magnetic-based supplemental fixation element includes at least one permanent magnet.
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In an aspect, a battery module is assembly by mounting first and second jig towers (e.g., monolithic or modular/stackable jig towers) on a surface. Battery cell(s) are arranged between the jig towers and fixed in position based in part on battery cell fixation elements arranged in the respective jig towers. At least one magnetic-based supplemental fixation element is used to apply magnetic force (e.g., attractive and/or repulsive magnetic force) so as to direct the battery cell(s) towards the first jig tower and away from the second jig tower (e.g., so that battery cells in respective rows will be flush with each other).1. A method of battery module assembly, comprising:
mounting a first jig tower on a surface; mounting a second jig tower on the surface; arranging a set of battery cells arranged between a first part of the first jig tower that includes a first set of battery cell fixation elements and a second part of the second jig tower that opposes the first part of the first jig tower and is arranged with a second set of battery cell fixation elements, the set of battery cells each being fixed in position at least in part by the first and second sets of fixation elements; and applying magnetic force to each battery cell in the set of battery cells in a direction that is towards the first jig tower and away from the second jig tower. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second sets of fixation elements comprise pins. 3. The method of claim 1,
wherein the first jig tower comprises a first set of stackable jigs, and wherein the second jig tower comprises a second set of stackable jigs. 4. The method of claim 1,
wherein the first jig tower comprises a first side plate arranged with multiple sets of battery cell fixation elements at different heights of the first side plate so as to provide fixation for rows of battery cells arranged at different heights of the first side plate, and wherein the second jig tower comprises a second side plate arranged with multiple sets of battery cell fixation elements at different heights of the second side plate so as to provide fixation for the different rows of battery cells. 5. The method of claim 1,
wherein one of the first and second jig towers comprises a set of stackable jigs, and wherein the other of the first and second jig towers comprises a side plate arranged with multiple sets of battery cell fixation elements at different heights of the side plate so as to provide fixation for different rows of battery cells. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the magnetic force is an attractive force that pulls each battery cell in the set of battery cells towards the first jig tower. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the magnetic force is a repulsive force that pushes each battery cell in the set of battery cells away from the second jig tower. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
applying glue to permanently fix the set of battery cells into position while the magnetic force is being applied. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
ceasing the application of the magnetic force after the glue has cured. 10. The method of claim 9,
wherein the applying includes switching on at least one electric magnet, and wherein the ceasing includes switching off the at least one electric magnet. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the applying includes switching on at least one electric magnet. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the applying applies the magnetic force via at least one permanent magnet. 13. A battery module assembly arrangement, comprising:
a first jig tower mounted on a surface; a second jig tower mounted on the surface; a set of battery cells arranged between a first part of the first jig tower that includes a first set of battery cell fixation elements and a second part of the second jig tower that opposes the first stackable jig and is arranged with a second set of battery cell fixation elements, the set of battery cells each being fixed in position at least in part by the first and second sets of fixation elements; and at least one magnetic-based supplemental fixation element configured to apply magnetic force to each battery cell in the set of battery cells in a direction that is towards the first jig tower and away from the second jig tower. 14. The battery module assembly arrangement of claim 13, wherein the first and second sets of fixation elements comprise pins. 15. The battery module assembly arrangement of claim 13,
wherein the first jig tower comprises a first set of stackable jigs, and wherein the second jig tower comprises a second set of stackable jigs. 16. The battery module assembly arrangement of claim 13,
wherein the first jig tower comprises a first side plate arranged with multiple sets of battery cell fixation elements at different heights of the first side plate so as to provide fixation for different rows of battery cells, and wherein the second jig tower comprises a second side plate arranged with multiple sets of battery cell fixation elements at different heights of the second side plate so as to provide fixation for the different rows of battery cells. 17. The battery module assembly arrangement of claim 13,
wherein one of the first and second jig towers comprises a set of stackable jigs, and wherein the other of the first and second jig towers comprises a side plate arranged with multiple sets of battery cell fixation elements at different heights of the side plate so as to provide fixation for different rows of battery cells. 18. The battery module assembly arrangement of claim 13, wherein the magnetic force is an attractive force that pulls each battery cell in the set of battery cells towards the first jig tower. 19. The battery module assembly arrangement of claim 13, wherein the magnetic force is a repulsive force that pushes each battery cell in the set of battery cells away from the second jig tower. 20. The battery module assembly arrangement of claim 13, further comprising:
glue in a non-cured, partially cured or fully cured state that is configured to permanently fix the set of battery cells into position when fully cured. 21. The battery module assembly arrangement of claim 13, wherein the at least one magnetic-based supplemental fixation element includes at least one electric magnet that is switched on. 22. The battery module assembly arrangement of claim 13, wherein the at least one magnetic-based supplemental fixation element includes at least one permanent magnet.
| 3,600
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337,970
| 16,799,544
| 3,651
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Techniques to enable near field communication using electric field (E-field) are proposed. When the wavelength of a signal is long relative to the human body, the human body can behave as a conductive hollow cylinder. By capacitively coupling the human body with a transmitter and/or a receiver, the human body itself can be used as a communication medium.
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1. An apparatus configured to perform near field communications, the apparatus comprising:
a transceiver; a memory; and a processor operatively coupled with the transceiver and/or the memory, wherein the processor, the memory, and/or the transceiver are configured to receive a first signal from a remote apparatus, the first signal being an electrical signal, the electrical signal being a voltage signal on a human body or an electric field (E-field) signal present on or emanating from the human body. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a wavelength of the first signal is 3 m or longer. 3. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the transceiver includes a receiver (RX) comprising a field receiver configured to capacitively couple with the human body, and wherein the processor, the memory, and/or the transceiver are configured to receive the first signal when the field receiver is capacitively coupled with the human body. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the field receiver is in contact with the human body. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the field receiver is in contact with the human body when a transmitter of the remote apparatus is not in contact with the human body. 6. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the field receiver is not in contact with the human body when a transmitter of the remote apparatus is in contact with the human body. 7. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the field receiver comprises a planar antenna coil (antcoil), a plane plate, or a combination thereof. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor, the memory, and/or the transceiver are further configured to transmit a second signal to the remote apparatus or to a different remote apparatus, the second signal being an electrical signal or a magnetic signal. 9. The apparatus of claim 8,
wherein the second signal is an electrical signal, wherein the transceiver includes a transmitter (TX) comprising a field producer configured to capacitively couple with the human body, and wherein the processor, the memory, and/or the transceiver are configured to transmit the second signal when the field producer is capacitively coupled with the human body. 10. The apparatus of claim 8,
wherein the second signal is a magnetic signal, and wherein a frequency band of the first signal overlaps, at least in part, with a frequency band of the second signal. 11. The apparatus of claim 8,
wherein the second signal is a magnetic signal, and wherein a frequency band of the first signal is higher than a frequency band of the second signal. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first signal is a near ultra low energy field (NULEF) signal. 13. An apparatus configured to perform near field communications, the apparatus comprising:
a transceiver; a memory; and a processor operatively coupled with the transceiver and/or the memory, transmit a first signal to remote apparatus, the first signal being an electrical signal, the electrical signal being a voltage signal induced onto a human body or an electric field (E-field) signal provided to the human body. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein a wavelength of the first signal is 3 m or longer. 15. The apparatus of claim 13,
wherein the apparatus includes a transmitter (TX) comprising a field producer configured to capacitively couple with the human body, and wherein the first signal is transmitted when the field transmitter is capacitively coupled with the human body. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the field producer is in contact with the human body. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the field transmitter is in contact with the human body when a receiver of the remote apparatus is not in contact with the human body. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the field transmitter is not in contact with the human body when a receiver of the remote apparatus is in contact with the human body. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the field receiver comprises a planar antenna coil (antcoil), a plane plate, or a combination thereof. 20. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
transmitting a second signal to the remote apparatus or a different remote apparatus, the second signal being an electrical signal or a magnetic signal. 21. The apparatus of claim 20,
wherein the second signal is an electrical signal, wherein the apparatus includes a receiver (RX) comprising a field receiver configured to capacitively couple with the human body, and wherein the processor, the memory, and/or the transceiver are configured to receive the second signal when the field receiver is capacitively coupled with the human body. 22. The apparatus of claim 20,
wherein the second signal is a magnetic signal, and wherein a frequency band of the first signal overlaps, at least in part, with a frequency band of the second signal. 23. The apparatus of claim 20,
wherein the second signal is a magnetic signal, and wherein a frequency band of the first signal is higher than a frequency band of the second signal. 24. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first signal is a near ultra low energy field (NULEF) signal. 25. A method of an apparatus configured to perform near field communications, the method comprising:
receiving a first signal from a remote apparatus, the first signal being an electrical signal, the electrical signal being a voltage signal on a human body or an electric field (E-field) signal present on or emanating from the human body. 26. The method of claim 25,
wherein the apparatus includes a receiver (RX) comprising a field receiver configured to capacitively couple with the human body, and wherein the first signal is received when the field receiver is capacitively coupled with the human body. 27. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
transmitting a second signal to the remote apparatus or to a different remote apparatus, the second signal being an electrical signal or a magnetic signal. 28. A method of an apparatus configured to perform near field communications, the method comprising:
transmitting a first signal to remote apparatus, the first signal being an electrical signal, the electrical signal being a voltage signal induced onto a human body or an electric field (E-field) signal provided to the human body. 29. The method of claim 28,
wherein the apparatus includes a transmitter (TX) comprising a field receiver configured to capacitively couple with the human body, and wherein the first signal is transmitted when the field producer is capacitively coupled with the human body. 30. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
receiving a second signal from the remote apparatus or from a different remote apparatus, the second signal being an electrical signal or a magnetic signal.
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Techniques to enable near field communication using electric field (E-field) are proposed. When the wavelength of a signal is long relative to the human body, the human body can behave as a conductive hollow cylinder. By capacitively coupling the human body with a transmitter and/or a receiver, the human body itself can be used as a communication medium.1. An apparatus configured to perform near field communications, the apparatus comprising:
a transceiver; a memory; and a processor operatively coupled with the transceiver and/or the memory, wherein the processor, the memory, and/or the transceiver are configured to receive a first signal from a remote apparatus, the first signal being an electrical signal, the electrical signal being a voltage signal on a human body or an electric field (E-field) signal present on or emanating from the human body. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a wavelength of the first signal is 3 m or longer. 3. The apparatus of claim 1,
wherein the transceiver includes a receiver (RX) comprising a field receiver configured to capacitively couple with the human body, and wherein the processor, the memory, and/or the transceiver are configured to receive the first signal when the field receiver is capacitively coupled with the human body. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the field receiver is in contact with the human body. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the field receiver is in contact with the human body when a transmitter of the remote apparatus is not in contact with the human body. 6. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the field receiver is not in contact with the human body when a transmitter of the remote apparatus is in contact with the human body. 7. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the field receiver comprises a planar antenna coil (antcoil), a plane plate, or a combination thereof. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor, the memory, and/or the transceiver are further configured to transmit a second signal to the remote apparatus or to a different remote apparatus, the second signal being an electrical signal or a magnetic signal. 9. The apparatus of claim 8,
wherein the second signal is an electrical signal, wherein the transceiver includes a transmitter (TX) comprising a field producer configured to capacitively couple with the human body, and wherein the processor, the memory, and/or the transceiver are configured to transmit the second signal when the field producer is capacitively coupled with the human body. 10. The apparatus of claim 8,
wherein the second signal is a magnetic signal, and wherein a frequency band of the first signal overlaps, at least in part, with a frequency band of the second signal. 11. The apparatus of claim 8,
wherein the second signal is a magnetic signal, and wherein a frequency band of the first signal is higher than a frequency band of the second signal. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first signal is a near ultra low energy field (NULEF) signal. 13. An apparatus configured to perform near field communications, the apparatus comprising:
a transceiver; a memory; and a processor operatively coupled with the transceiver and/or the memory, transmit a first signal to remote apparatus, the first signal being an electrical signal, the electrical signal being a voltage signal induced onto a human body or an electric field (E-field) signal provided to the human body. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein a wavelength of the first signal is 3 m or longer. 15. The apparatus of claim 13,
wherein the apparatus includes a transmitter (TX) comprising a field producer configured to capacitively couple with the human body, and wherein the first signal is transmitted when the field transmitter is capacitively coupled with the human body. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the field producer is in contact with the human body. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the field transmitter is in contact with the human body when a receiver of the remote apparatus is not in contact with the human body. 18. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the field transmitter is not in contact with the human body when a receiver of the remote apparatus is in contact with the human body. 19. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the field receiver comprises a planar antenna coil (antcoil), a plane plate, or a combination thereof. 20. The apparatus of claim 13, further comprising:
transmitting a second signal to the remote apparatus or a different remote apparatus, the second signal being an electrical signal or a magnetic signal. 21. The apparatus of claim 20,
wherein the second signal is an electrical signal, wherein the apparatus includes a receiver (RX) comprising a field receiver configured to capacitively couple with the human body, and wherein the processor, the memory, and/or the transceiver are configured to receive the second signal when the field receiver is capacitively coupled with the human body. 22. The apparatus of claim 20,
wherein the second signal is a magnetic signal, and wherein a frequency band of the first signal overlaps, at least in part, with a frequency band of the second signal. 23. The apparatus of claim 20,
wherein the second signal is a magnetic signal, and wherein a frequency band of the first signal is higher than a frequency band of the second signal. 24. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the first signal is a near ultra low energy field (NULEF) signal. 25. A method of an apparatus configured to perform near field communications, the method comprising:
receiving a first signal from a remote apparatus, the first signal being an electrical signal, the electrical signal being a voltage signal on a human body or an electric field (E-field) signal present on or emanating from the human body. 26. The method of claim 25,
wherein the apparatus includes a receiver (RX) comprising a field receiver configured to capacitively couple with the human body, and wherein the first signal is received when the field receiver is capacitively coupled with the human body. 27. The method of claim 25, further comprising:
transmitting a second signal to the remote apparatus or to a different remote apparatus, the second signal being an electrical signal or a magnetic signal. 28. A method of an apparatus configured to perform near field communications, the method comprising:
transmitting a first signal to remote apparatus, the first signal being an electrical signal, the electrical signal being a voltage signal induced onto a human body or an electric field (E-field) signal provided to the human body. 29. The method of claim 28,
wherein the apparatus includes a transmitter (TX) comprising a field receiver configured to capacitively couple with the human body, and wherein the first signal is transmitted when the field producer is capacitively coupled with the human body. 30. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
receiving a second signal from the remote apparatus or from a different remote apparatus, the second signal being an electrical signal or a magnetic signal.
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337,971
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| 3,651
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In one embodiment, a request to join an electronic chat room is received from a requester. A selection of an access control level for the requester is received via a user interface in order to grant the requester access to the electronic chat room according to a condition for granting access. The user interface is used to assign a selected access control level to the requester, thereupon granting access to the requester. The requester's access to content available in the electronic chat room being limited based on the selected access control level. Related methods, apparatus, and systems are also described.
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1. A method comprising:
enabling a moderator to control access of a user to content of an electronic chat room via a plurality of access levels; receiving a selection, by the moderator, of one of the plurality of access levels; and assigning the one of the plurality of access levels to the user to limit the access of the user to the content based on a certain date. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of access levels is associated with a plurality of conditions for granting access, the plurality of conditions including a veto condition, a majority condition, and a moderator approval condition. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the veto condition requires granting of access to be approved by all participants in the electronic chat room prior to granting access. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the majority condition requires approval of a majority of all participants in the electronic chat room prior to granting access. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
limiting the access to at least one of messages or files posted in the electronic chat room prior to the certain date. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
limiting the access to at least one of messages or files posted in the electronic chat room after the certain date. 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
limiting the access to at least one of messages or files posted in the electronic chat room between a first date and a second date. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
limiting the access to the content available in the electronic chat room comprises allowing full access to one of messages or files available in the electronic chat room. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the content available in the electronic chat room comprises messages available in the electronic chat room. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the content available in the electronic chat room comprises files available in the electronic chat room. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the content available in the electronic chat room is stored on a remote server. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the content stored on the remote server is stored with associated metadata tags. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein a view of the electronic chat room available to the user is determined, at least in part, by the access granted to the user. 14. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a request to join the electronic chat room by a non-participant of the electronic chat room. 15. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a request to join the electronic chat room by a participant of the electronic chat room on behalf of a non-participant of the electronic chat room. 16. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
extending the access beyond the one of the plurality of access levels to a new access control level which exceeds the one of the plurality of access levels. 17. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
limiting access to new content which is added to the electronic chat room on a per participant basis. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the limiting of the access to the new content is performed by the moderator. 19. The method according to claim 17, wherein the limiting of the access to the new content is performed by a poster of the new content. 20. A user interface system for controlling access to a chat room, the user interface system comprising:
a computer-readable memory with software which, when executed, cause the user interface system to:
enable a moderator to control access of a user to content of an electronic chat room via a plurality of access levels;
receive a selection, by the moderator, of one of the plurality of access levels; and
assign the one of the plurality of access levels to the user to limit the access of the user to the content based on a certain date.
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In one embodiment, a request to join an electronic chat room is received from a requester. A selection of an access control level for the requester is received via a user interface in order to grant the requester access to the electronic chat room according to a condition for granting access. The user interface is used to assign a selected access control level to the requester, thereupon granting access to the requester. The requester's access to content available in the electronic chat room being limited based on the selected access control level. Related methods, apparatus, and systems are also described.1. A method comprising:
enabling a moderator to control access of a user to content of an electronic chat room via a plurality of access levels; receiving a selection, by the moderator, of one of the plurality of access levels; and assigning the one of the plurality of access levels to the user to limit the access of the user to the content based on a certain date. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of access levels is associated with a plurality of conditions for granting access, the plurality of conditions including a veto condition, a majority condition, and a moderator approval condition. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the veto condition requires granting of access to be approved by all participants in the electronic chat room prior to granting access. 4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the majority condition requires approval of a majority of all participants in the electronic chat room prior to granting access. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
limiting the access to at least one of messages or files posted in the electronic chat room prior to the certain date. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
limiting the access to at least one of messages or files posted in the electronic chat room after the certain date. 7. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
limiting the access to at least one of messages or files posted in the electronic chat room between a first date and a second date. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
limiting the access to the content available in the electronic chat room comprises allowing full access to one of messages or files available in the electronic chat room. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the content available in the electronic chat room comprises messages available in the electronic chat room. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the content available in the electronic chat room comprises files available in the electronic chat room. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the content available in the electronic chat room is stored on a remote server. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the content stored on the remote server is stored with associated metadata tags. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein a view of the electronic chat room available to the user is determined, at least in part, by the access granted to the user. 14. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a request to join the electronic chat room by a non-participant of the electronic chat room. 15. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a request to join the electronic chat room by a participant of the electronic chat room on behalf of a non-participant of the electronic chat room. 16. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
extending the access beyond the one of the plurality of access levels to a new access control level which exceeds the one of the plurality of access levels. 17. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
limiting access to new content which is added to the electronic chat room on a per participant basis. 18. The method according to claim 17, wherein the limiting of the access to the new content is performed by the moderator. 19. The method according to claim 17, wherein the limiting of the access to the new content is performed by a poster of the new content. 20. A user interface system for controlling access to a chat room, the user interface system comprising:
a computer-readable memory with software which, when executed, cause the user interface system to:
enable a moderator to control access of a user to content of an electronic chat room via a plurality of access levels;
receive a selection, by the moderator, of one of the plurality of access levels; and
assign the one of the plurality of access levels to the user to limit the access of the user to the content based on a certain date.
| 3,600
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337,972
| 16,799,508
| 3,651
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Provided is an enclosure with an integrated hydrant. The enclosure includes a fluid flow conduit that transfers fluid from a fluid supply tube to a fluid outlet, which may be associated with the backflow preventer. The enclosure has a conduit that carries water from the fluid supply tube to the backflow preventer. Thus, a lower profile, lighter, and more aesthetically pleasing enclosure is provided.
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1.-16. (canceled) 17. A hydrant comprising:
a housing; a fluid supply and control tube coupled to the housing, and wherein the fluid supply and control tube comprises a valve for controlling fluid flow therethrough; a plate having a perimeter edge coupled to the housing opposite of the fluid supply and control tube; a hinge plate coupled to plate; and a door coupled to the hinge plate and disposed opposite of the housing, wherein the door comprises a door plate having a lip extending at least partially around a perimeter of the door plate, and wherein when the door is in a closed position, the door plate is substantially parallel to and spaced from the plate, and the lip conceals at least a portion of the perimeter edge of the plate. 18. The hydrant of claim 17, wherein the hinge plate is integral with the plate. 19. The hydrant of claim 17, wherein a plurality of fasteners couple the plate to the housing. 20. The hydrant of claim 19, wherein the hinge plate is coupled to the plate via one or more of the plurality of fasteners. 21. The hydrant of claim 17, wherein the door comprises a lock. 22. The hydrant of claim 17, further comprising a backflow preventer extending from the plate, wherein when the door is in the closed position, the backflow preventer is disposed within the spaced defined between the door plate and the plate. 23. The hydrant of claim 17, further comprising a stem screw assembly disposed at least partially within the fluid supply and control tube. 24. A hydrant comprising:
a substantially flat plate comprising a first surface and an opposite second surface, and wherein the substantially flat pate is substantially rectangular-shaped and comprises opposing first and second edges, and opposing first and second lateral edges, a housing for a fluid supply and control tube coupled to the second surface of the substantially flat plate; a hinge plate coupled to one of the first and second edges or the first and second lateral edges of the substantially flat plate; and a door hingedly coupled to the hinge plate and disposed adjacent the first surface, wherein the door comprises a door plate having a lip, and wherein when the door is in a closed position, the lip spaces the door plate from the substantially flat plate, and the lip conceals at least one of the first and second edges and the first and second lateral edges of the substantially flat plate. 25. The hydrant of claim 24, wherein the hinge plate is integral with one of the first and second lateral edges of the substantially flat plate. 26. The hydrant of claim 24, wherein the hinge plate is disposed along one of the first and second lateral edges of the substantially flat plate and is coupled to the substantially flat plate via one or more fasteners. 27. The hydrant of claim 24, wherein the lip conceals both the first and second edges and one of the first and second lateral edges of the substantially flat plate. 28. The hydrant of claim 24, further comprising a fluid supply and control tube coupled to the housing. 29. The hydrant of claim 24, further comprising a backflow preventer extending from the first surface of the substantially flat plate. 30. The hydrant of claim 24, wherein the door comprises a lock. 31. A hydrant enclosure comprising:
a plate comprising a first surface and an opposite second surface, and wherein the second surface is configured to receive a housing for a fluid supply and control tube; a first aperture defined in the plate and configured to at least partially receive a stem screw assembly; a second aperture defined in the plate and configured to at least partially receive a backflow preventer; and a door hingedly coupled to the plate and disposed adjacent the first surface, wherein the door comprises a door plate having a lip, and wherein when the door is in a closed position, the door plate is substantially parallel to and spaced from the plate with the lip extending towards the first surface of the plate. 32. The hydrant enclosure of claim 31, further comprising a hinge plate coupling the door to the plate. 33. The hydrant enclosure of claim 32, wherein the hinge plate is integral to the plate. 34. The hydrant enclosure of claim 32, wherein the hinge plate is removable from the plate. 35. The hydrant enclosure of claim 32, wherein the hinge plate is associated with a lateral edge of the plate. 36. The hydrant enclosure of claim 31, wherein the door comprises a lock.
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Provided is an enclosure with an integrated hydrant. The enclosure includes a fluid flow conduit that transfers fluid from a fluid supply tube to a fluid outlet, which may be associated with the backflow preventer. The enclosure has a conduit that carries water from the fluid supply tube to the backflow preventer. Thus, a lower profile, lighter, and more aesthetically pleasing enclosure is provided.1.-16. (canceled) 17. A hydrant comprising:
a housing; a fluid supply and control tube coupled to the housing, and wherein the fluid supply and control tube comprises a valve for controlling fluid flow therethrough; a plate having a perimeter edge coupled to the housing opposite of the fluid supply and control tube; a hinge plate coupled to plate; and a door coupled to the hinge plate and disposed opposite of the housing, wherein the door comprises a door plate having a lip extending at least partially around a perimeter of the door plate, and wherein when the door is in a closed position, the door plate is substantially parallel to and spaced from the plate, and the lip conceals at least a portion of the perimeter edge of the plate. 18. The hydrant of claim 17, wherein the hinge plate is integral with the plate. 19. The hydrant of claim 17, wherein a plurality of fasteners couple the plate to the housing. 20. The hydrant of claim 19, wherein the hinge plate is coupled to the plate via one or more of the plurality of fasteners. 21. The hydrant of claim 17, wherein the door comprises a lock. 22. The hydrant of claim 17, further comprising a backflow preventer extending from the plate, wherein when the door is in the closed position, the backflow preventer is disposed within the spaced defined between the door plate and the plate. 23. The hydrant of claim 17, further comprising a stem screw assembly disposed at least partially within the fluid supply and control tube. 24. A hydrant comprising:
a substantially flat plate comprising a first surface and an opposite second surface, and wherein the substantially flat pate is substantially rectangular-shaped and comprises opposing first and second edges, and opposing first and second lateral edges, a housing for a fluid supply and control tube coupled to the second surface of the substantially flat plate; a hinge plate coupled to one of the first and second edges or the first and second lateral edges of the substantially flat plate; and a door hingedly coupled to the hinge plate and disposed adjacent the first surface, wherein the door comprises a door plate having a lip, and wherein when the door is in a closed position, the lip spaces the door plate from the substantially flat plate, and the lip conceals at least one of the first and second edges and the first and second lateral edges of the substantially flat plate. 25. The hydrant of claim 24, wherein the hinge plate is integral with one of the first and second lateral edges of the substantially flat plate. 26. The hydrant of claim 24, wherein the hinge plate is disposed along one of the first and second lateral edges of the substantially flat plate and is coupled to the substantially flat plate via one or more fasteners. 27. The hydrant of claim 24, wherein the lip conceals both the first and second edges and one of the first and second lateral edges of the substantially flat plate. 28. The hydrant of claim 24, further comprising a fluid supply and control tube coupled to the housing. 29. The hydrant of claim 24, further comprising a backflow preventer extending from the first surface of the substantially flat plate. 30. The hydrant of claim 24, wherein the door comprises a lock. 31. A hydrant enclosure comprising:
a plate comprising a first surface and an opposite second surface, and wherein the second surface is configured to receive a housing for a fluid supply and control tube; a first aperture defined in the plate and configured to at least partially receive a stem screw assembly; a second aperture defined in the plate and configured to at least partially receive a backflow preventer; and a door hingedly coupled to the plate and disposed adjacent the first surface, wherein the door comprises a door plate having a lip, and wherein when the door is in a closed position, the door plate is substantially parallel to and spaced from the plate with the lip extending towards the first surface of the plate. 32. The hydrant enclosure of claim 31, further comprising a hinge plate coupling the door to the plate. 33. The hydrant enclosure of claim 32, wherein the hinge plate is integral to the plate. 34. The hydrant enclosure of claim 32, wherein the hinge plate is removable from the plate. 35. The hydrant enclosure of claim 32, wherein the hinge plate is associated with a lateral edge of the plate. 36. The hydrant enclosure of claim 31, wherein the door comprises a lock.
| 3,600
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337,973
| 16,799,537
| 3,651
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In some embodiments, a non-transitory processor-readable medium includes code to cause a processor to send a signal representing a first question and a set of pictogram answers associated with the first question and a second question, different from the first question, and a set of pictogram answers associated with the second question. The first question and the second question can define a health-related survey such as a health-risk assessment. The non-transitory processor-readable medium includes code to receive a user selection of a pictogram answer associated with the first question and receive a user selection of a pictogram answer associated with the second question. The non-transitory processor-readable medium includes code to define a health-related user profile based on the user selection to the first question and the second question.
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1.-20. (canceled) 21. A method, comprising:
presenting, via a graphical user interface (GUI), a first question and a plurality of pictogram answers for the first question including a first pictogram answer associated with a first numerical value and a second pictogram answer associated with a second numerical value larger than the first numerical value, the first question and the plurality of pictogram answers for the first question being presented via the GUI such that a user of the user device can select a first pictogram answer independent from any other individual; receiving, via the GUI, a user selection of the first pictogram answer from the plurality of pictogram answers for the first question; defining a health-related user profile based on the user selection for the first question; determining, by a processor operably coupled to the GUI, that a second question is relevant to the health-related user profile of the user based on the selection of the first pictogram answer by the user, and that a third question is not relevant to the health related user profile based on the selection of the first pictogram answer, the third question being (1) different from the second question and (2) designated for selection when the user selects the second pictogram answer; automatically presenting, via the GUI, the second question and a plurality of pictogram answers for the second question based on the determination that the second question is relevant to the health-related user profile, the second question being different from the first question, the plurality of pictogram answers for the second question being different from the plurality of pictogram answers for the first questions, the first question and the second question collectively defining at least portion of a health-related survey, the plurality of pictogram answers for the first question and the plurality of pictogram answers for the second answer configured to engage the user more than text-only answers; receiving, via the GUI, a user selection of a pictogram answer from the plurality of pictogram answers for the second question; and automatically updating the health-related user profile based on the user selection for the first question and the user selection for the second question.
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In some embodiments, a non-transitory processor-readable medium includes code to cause a processor to send a signal representing a first question and a set of pictogram answers associated with the first question and a second question, different from the first question, and a set of pictogram answers associated with the second question. The first question and the second question can define a health-related survey such as a health-risk assessment. The non-transitory processor-readable medium includes code to receive a user selection of a pictogram answer associated with the first question and receive a user selection of a pictogram answer associated with the second question. The non-transitory processor-readable medium includes code to define a health-related user profile based on the user selection to the first question and the second question.1.-20. (canceled) 21. A method, comprising:
presenting, via a graphical user interface (GUI), a first question and a plurality of pictogram answers for the first question including a first pictogram answer associated with a first numerical value and a second pictogram answer associated with a second numerical value larger than the first numerical value, the first question and the plurality of pictogram answers for the first question being presented via the GUI such that a user of the user device can select a first pictogram answer independent from any other individual; receiving, via the GUI, a user selection of the first pictogram answer from the plurality of pictogram answers for the first question; defining a health-related user profile based on the user selection for the first question; determining, by a processor operably coupled to the GUI, that a second question is relevant to the health-related user profile of the user based on the selection of the first pictogram answer by the user, and that a third question is not relevant to the health related user profile based on the selection of the first pictogram answer, the third question being (1) different from the second question and (2) designated for selection when the user selects the second pictogram answer; automatically presenting, via the GUI, the second question and a plurality of pictogram answers for the second question based on the determination that the second question is relevant to the health-related user profile, the second question being different from the first question, the plurality of pictogram answers for the second question being different from the plurality of pictogram answers for the first questions, the first question and the second question collectively defining at least portion of a health-related survey, the plurality of pictogram answers for the first question and the plurality of pictogram answers for the second answer configured to engage the user more than text-only answers; receiving, via the GUI, a user selection of a pictogram answer from the plurality of pictogram answers for the second question; and automatically updating the health-related user profile based on the user selection for the first question and the user selection for the second question.
| 3,600
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337,974
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Apparatuses and methods for setting a duty cycler adjuster for improving, clock duty cycle are disclosed. The duty cycle adjuster may be adjusted by different amounts, at least one smaller than another. Determining when to use the smaller adjustment may be based on duty cycle results. A duty cycle monitor may have an offset. A duty cycle code for the duty cycle adjuster may be set to an intermediate value of a duty cycle monitor offset. The duty cycle monitor offset may be determined by identifying duty cycle codes for an upper and for a lower boundary of the duty cycle monitor offset.
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1. A method, comprising:
changing a duty cycle adjuster code by a first step size to set a duty cycle adjuster circuit to a first duty cycle adjuster code; issuing commands to perform a first duty cycle monitor sequence with a setting of the first duty cycle adjuster code; evaluating first duty cycle results from the first duty cycle monitor sequence; changing the duty cycle adjuster code by the first step size to set the duty cycle adjuster circuit to a second duty cycle adjuster code; issuing commands to perform a second duty cycle monitor sequence with a setting of the second duty cycle adjuster code; evaluating second duty cycle results from the second duty cycle monitor sequence; determining whether to change the duty cycle adjuster code by the first step size or by a second step size, wherein the second step size is less than the first step size; and changing the duty cycle adjuster code based at least in part on the determination. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein determining whether to change the duty cycle adjuster code by the first step size or by a second step size comprises determining to change the duty cycle adjuster code by the second step size responsive to the second duty cycle results indicating a high duty cycle condition that is opposite of the high duty cycle condition indicated by the first duty cycle results. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein changing the duty cycle adjuster code based at least in part on the determination comprises changing the duty cycle adjuster code by the second step size in a first direction to set the duty cycle adjuster circuit to a third duty cycle adjuster code, wherein, the first direction is opposite of a second direction for changing the duty cycle adjuster code by the first step size to set the duty cycle adjuster circuit to a second duty cycle adjuster code. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the third duty cycle adjuster code is between the first and second duty cycle adjuster codes. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the third duty cycle adjuster code results in indeterminate DCM results. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein determining whether to change the duty cycle adjuster code by the first step size or by a second step size comprises determining to change the duty cycle adjuster code by the second step size based on a history of duty cycle results including the first duty cycle results. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein issuing commands to perform a first duty cycle monitor sequence comprises:
issuing a first mode register write command to change a first opcode to start the first duty cycle monitor sequence;
issuing a second mode register write command to change a second opcode to flip an input condition for a duty cycle monitor circuit; and
issuing a third mode register write command to change the first opcode to stop the first duty cycle monitor sequence. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein evaluating first duty cycle results from the first duty cycle monitor sequence comprises issuing a mode register read command to read a mode register opcode corresponding; to the first duty cycle results. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the first step size comprises two steps of a duty cycle adjuster circuit adjustment range and the second step size comprises one step of the duty cycle adjuster circuit adjustment range. 10. A method, comprising:
changing a duty cycle adjuster code for a DCA circuit by a first step size in a first direction until duty cycle results for a current duty cycle adjuster code indicates a change in direction of adjustment for the DCA circuit; and changing the duty cycle adjuster code by a second step size in a second direction when the current duty cycle adjuster code indicates a change in direction of adjustment for the DCA circuit, wherein the second step size is less than the first step size. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
changing the duty cycle adjuster code by the first step size in the second direction until duty cycle results for a current duty cycle adjuster code indicates a change in direction of adjustment for the DCA circuit; and changing the duty cycle adjuster code by the second step size in the first direction when the current duty cycle adjuster code indicates a change in direction of adjustment for the DCA circuit. 12. The method of claim 10 wherein the first direction increases a setting for the DCA circuit to increase a high duty cycle and wherein the second direction decreases the setting for the DCA circuit to decrease a high duty cycle. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising changing the duty cycle adjuster code by the second step size in the second direction further based on a history of previous duty cycle results. 14. The method of claim 10 whet the second step size is half of the first step size. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising issuing commands to perform a duty cycle monitor sequence with a setting of the current duty cycle adjuster code, and changing the duty cycle adjuster code by the first step size based on results from the duty cycle monitor sequence. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising issuing commands to switch inputs to a duty cycle monitor circuit performing the duty cycle monitor sequence. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising setting the duty cycle adjuster code for the DCA circuit to provide indeterminate results from the duty cycle monitor sequence. 18. The method of claim 10 wherein the current duty cycle adjuster code indicates a change in direction of adjustment for the DCA circuit when duty cycle adjustment results change from indicating a high duty cycle of less than 50% for a previous duty cycle adjuster code to indicating a high duty cycle of greater than 50% for the current duty cycle adjuster code. 19. An apparatus, comprising:
a memory: a command/address bus; a data bus; clock bus: and a memory controller coupled to the memory through the command/address bus, the data bus, and the clock bus, the memory controller configured to: change a duty cycle adjuster code by a first step size to set a duty cycle adjuster circuit to a first duty cycle adjuster code; issue commands to perform a first duty cycle monitor sequence with a setting of the first duty cycle adjuster code; evaluate first duty cycle results from the first duty cycle monitor sequence; change the duty cycle adjuster code by the first step size to set the duty cycle adjuster circuit to a second duty cycle adjuster code; issue con hands to perform a second duty cycle monitor sequence with a setting of the second duty cycle adjuster code; evaluate second duty cycle results from the second duty cycle monitor sequence; determine whether to change the duty cycle adjuster code by the first step size or by a second step size, wherein the second step size is less than the first step size; and change the duty cycle adjuster code based at least in part on the determination. 20. An apparatus, comprising:
a memory; a command/address bus; a data bus; clock bus; and a memory controller coupled to the memory through the command/address bus, the data bus, and the clock bus, the memory controller configured to: change a duty cycle adjuster code for a DCA circuit by a first step size in a first direction until duty cycle results for a current duty cycle adjuster code indicates a change in direction of adjustment for the DCA circuit; and change the duty cycle adjuster code by a second step size in a second direction when the current duty cycle adjuster code indicates a change in direction of adjustment for the DCA circuit, wherein the second step size is less than the first step size.
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Apparatuses and methods for setting a duty cycler adjuster for improving, clock duty cycle are disclosed. The duty cycle adjuster may be adjusted by different amounts, at least one smaller than another. Determining when to use the smaller adjustment may be based on duty cycle results. A duty cycle monitor may have an offset. A duty cycle code for the duty cycle adjuster may be set to an intermediate value of a duty cycle monitor offset. The duty cycle monitor offset may be determined by identifying duty cycle codes for an upper and for a lower boundary of the duty cycle monitor offset.1. A method, comprising:
changing a duty cycle adjuster code by a first step size to set a duty cycle adjuster circuit to a first duty cycle adjuster code; issuing commands to perform a first duty cycle monitor sequence with a setting of the first duty cycle adjuster code; evaluating first duty cycle results from the first duty cycle monitor sequence; changing the duty cycle adjuster code by the first step size to set the duty cycle adjuster circuit to a second duty cycle adjuster code; issuing commands to perform a second duty cycle monitor sequence with a setting of the second duty cycle adjuster code; evaluating second duty cycle results from the second duty cycle monitor sequence; determining whether to change the duty cycle adjuster code by the first step size or by a second step size, wherein the second step size is less than the first step size; and changing the duty cycle adjuster code based at least in part on the determination. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein determining whether to change the duty cycle adjuster code by the first step size or by a second step size comprises determining to change the duty cycle adjuster code by the second step size responsive to the second duty cycle results indicating a high duty cycle condition that is opposite of the high duty cycle condition indicated by the first duty cycle results. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein changing the duty cycle adjuster code based at least in part on the determination comprises changing the duty cycle adjuster code by the second step size in a first direction to set the duty cycle adjuster circuit to a third duty cycle adjuster code, wherein, the first direction is opposite of a second direction for changing the duty cycle adjuster code by the first step size to set the duty cycle adjuster circuit to a second duty cycle adjuster code. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the third duty cycle adjuster code is between the first and second duty cycle adjuster codes. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein the third duty cycle adjuster code results in indeterminate DCM results. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein determining whether to change the duty cycle adjuster code by the first step size or by a second step size comprises determining to change the duty cycle adjuster code by the second step size based on a history of duty cycle results including the first duty cycle results. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein issuing commands to perform a first duty cycle monitor sequence comprises:
issuing a first mode register write command to change a first opcode to start the first duty cycle monitor sequence;
issuing a second mode register write command to change a second opcode to flip an input condition for a duty cycle monitor circuit; and
issuing a third mode register write command to change the first opcode to stop the first duty cycle monitor sequence. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein evaluating first duty cycle results from the first duty cycle monitor sequence comprises issuing a mode register read command to read a mode register opcode corresponding; to the first duty cycle results. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the first step size comprises two steps of a duty cycle adjuster circuit adjustment range and the second step size comprises one step of the duty cycle adjuster circuit adjustment range. 10. A method, comprising:
changing a duty cycle adjuster code for a DCA circuit by a first step size in a first direction until duty cycle results for a current duty cycle adjuster code indicates a change in direction of adjustment for the DCA circuit; and changing the duty cycle adjuster code by a second step size in a second direction when the current duty cycle adjuster code indicates a change in direction of adjustment for the DCA circuit, wherein the second step size is less than the first step size. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
changing the duty cycle adjuster code by the first step size in the second direction until duty cycle results for a current duty cycle adjuster code indicates a change in direction of adjustment for the DCA circuit; and changing the duty cycle adjuster code by the second step size in the first direction when the current duty cycle adjuster code indicates a change in direction of adjustment for the DCA circuit. 12. The method of claim 10 wherein the first direction increases a setting for the DCA circuit to increase a high duty cycle and wherein the second direction decreases the setting for the DCA circuit to decrease a high duty cycle. 13. The method of claim 10, further comprising changing the duty cycle adjuster code by the second step size in the second direction further based on a history of previous duty cycle results. 14. The method of claim 10 whet the second step size is half of the first step size. 15. The method of claim 10, further comprising issuing commands to perform a duty cycle monitor sequence with a setting of the current duty cycle adjuster code, and changing the duty cycle adjuster code by the first step size based on results from the duty cycle monitor sequence. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising issuing commands to switch inputs to a duty cycle monitor circuit performing the duty cycle monitor sequence. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising setting the duty cycle adjuster code for the DCA circuit to provide indeterminate results from the duty cycle monitor sequence. 18. The method of claim 10 wherein the current duty cycle adjuster code indicates a change in direction of adjustment for the DCA circuit when duty cycle adjustment results change from indicating a high duty cycle of less than 50% for a previous duty cycle adjuster code to indicating a high duty cycle of greater than 50% for the current duty cycle adjuster code. 19. An apparatus, comprising:
a memory: a command/address bus; a data bus; clock bus: and a memory controller coupled to the memory through the command/address bus, the data bus, and the clock bus, the memory controller configured to: change a duty cycle adjuster code by a first step size to set a duty cycle adjuster circuit to a first duty cycle adjuster code; issue commands to perform a first duty cycle monitor sequence with a setting of the first duty cycle adjuster code; evaluate first duty cycle results from the first duty cycle monitor sequence; change the duty cycle adjuster code by the first step size to set the duty cycle adjuster circuit to a second duty cycle adjuster code; issue con hands to perform a second duty cycle monitor sequence with a setting of the second duty cycle adjuster code; evaluate second duty cycle results from the second duty cycle monitor sequence; determine whether to change the duty cycle adjuster code by the first step size or by a second step size, wherein the second step size is less than the first step size; and change the duty cycle adjuster code based at least in part on the determination. 20. An apparatus, comprising:
a memory; a command/address bus; a data bus; clock bus; and a memory controller coupled to the memory through the command/address bus, the data bus, and the clock bus, the memory controller configured to: change a duty cycle adjuster code for a DCA circuit by a first step size in a first direction until duty cycle results for a current duty cycle adjuster code indicates a change in direction of adjustment for the DCA circuit; and change the duty cycle adjuster code by a second step size in a second direction when the current duty cycle adjuster code indicates a change in direction of adjustment for the DCA circuit, wherein the second step size is less than the first step size.
| 3,600
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337,975
| 16,799,578
| 3,651
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A separation system includes an elongated separator vessel having an inlet, a heating section which is located downstream of the inlet, an oil accumulation section which is located downstream of the heating section, and an oil outlet which is connected to the oil accumulation section. The heating section includes an immersed plate heater which is fluidly connected to a heating medium heater that is located externally of the separator vessel. In operation, a heating fluid which is heated in the heating medium heater is circulated through the immersed plate heater to heat the multiphase fluid.
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1. A separation system comprising:
an elongated separator vessel which includes an inlet, a heating section which is located downstream of the inlet, an oil accumulation section which is located downstream of the heating section, and an oil outlet which is connected to the oil accumulation section; an immersed plate heater which is positioned in the heating section; and a heating medium heater which is located externally of the separator vessel and is fluidly connected to the immersed plate heater; wherein a heating fluid which is heated in the heating medium heater is circulated through the immersed plate heater to heat the multiphase fluid. 2. The separation system of claim 1, wherein the immersed plate heater comprises an immersed plate heater bank. 3. The separation system of claim 2, wherein the immersed plate heater bank comprises a plurality of generally rectangular, generally parallel, spaced apart heat exchanger plates. 4. The separation system of claim 3, wherein the heat exchanger plates are oriented generally vertically in the heating section generally parallel with a longitudinal axis of the separator vessel. 5. The separation system of claim 1, wherein the heating medium heater comprises a thermal fluid system. 6. The separation system of claim 1, wherein the separator vessel includes an upstream section which is located downstream of the inlet and upstream of the heating section. 7. The separation system of claim 6, wherein the upstream section is separated from the heating section by at least one partially perforated baffle plate, the partially perforated baffle plate including a solid upper portion and a perforated lower portion which comprises a plurality of through holes. 8. The separation system of claim 6, wherein the separator vessel includes a separation section which is located downstream of the heating section and upstream of the oil accumulation section, the separation section being separated from the oil accumulation section by an overflow weir. 9. The separation system of claim 8, wherein the heating section is separated from the separation section by at least one fully perforated baffle plate. 10. The separation system of claim 8, further comprising a plate pack coalescer which is positioned in the separation section. 11. The separation system of claim 6, further comprising an inlet device which is positioned between the inlet and the upstream section. 12. The separation system of claim 11, further comprising a run-off plate which extends from the inlet device to the upstream section. 13. The separation system of claim 12, wherein the run-off plate is connected to the partially perforated baffle plate. 14. A method for treating a hydrocarbon flowstream, the method comprising:
directing the hydrocarbon flowstream into an elongated separator vessel which includes at least a heating section and a separation section, the separation section being located downstream of the heating section; directing at least a portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream into the heating section; and heating said portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream with an immersed plate heater which is positioned in the heating section and is fluidly connected to a heating medium heater which is located externally of the separator vessel. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the immersed plate heater comprises an immersed plate heater bank. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the heating medium heater comprises a thermal fluid system. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the separator vessel includes an upstream section which is located upstream of the heating section and the method further comprises:
directing said portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream into the upstream section; and then directing said portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream from the upstream section into a lower portion of the heating section to thereby cause the flowstream to progress both horizontally and vertically through the immersed plate heater. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the separator vessel includes a separation section which is located downstream of the heating section, said portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream includes at least a water fraction and an oil fraction, said oil fraction comprises a number of light end hydrocarbons, and the method further comprises:
directing said portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream from the heating section into the separation section; wherein the water fraction and/or the light end hydrocarbons separate from the oil fraction in the separation section. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the separator vessel includes an oil accumulation section which is located downstream of the separation section and the method further comprises:
directing the oil fraction from the separation section into the oil accumulation section.
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A separation system includes an elongated separator vessel having an inlet, a heating section which is located downstream of the inlet, an oil accumulation section which is located downstream of the heating section, and an oil outlet which is connected to the oil accumulation section. The heating section includes an immersed plate heater which is fluidly connected to a heating medium heater that is located externally of the separator vessel. In operation, a heating fluid which is heated in the heating medium heater is circulated through the immersed plate heater to heat the multiphase fluid.1. A separation system comprising:
an elongated separator vessel which includes an inlet, a heating section which is located downstream of the inlet, an oil accumulation section which is located downstream of the heating section, and an oil outlet which is connected to the oil accumulation section; an immersed plate heater which is positioned in the heating section; and a heating medium heater which is located externally of the separator vessel and is fluidly connected to the immersed plate heater; wherein a heating fluid which is heated in the heating medium heater is circulated through the immersed plate heater to heat the multiphase fluid. 2. The separation system of claim 1, wherein the immersed plate heater comprises an immersed plate heater bank. 3. The separation system of claim 2, wherein the immersed plate heater bank comprises a plurality of generally rectangular, generally parallel, spaced apart heat exchanger plates. 4. The separation system of claim 3, wherein the heat exchanger plates are oriented generally vertically in the heating section generally parallel with a longitudinal axis of the separator vessel. 5. The separation system of claim 1, wherein the heating medium heater comprises a thermal fluid system. 6. The separation system of claim 1, wherein the separator vessel includes an upstream section which is located downstream of the inlet and upstream of the heating section. 7. The separation system of claim 6, wherein the upstream section is separated from the heating section by at least one partially perforated baffle plate, the partially perforated baffle plate including a solid upper portion and a perforated lower portion which comprises a plurality of through holes. 8. The separation system of claim 6, wherein the separator vessel includes a separation section which is located downstream of the heating section and upstream of the oil accumulation section, the separation section being separated from the oil accumulation section by an overflow weir. 9. The separation system of claim 8, wherein the heating section is separated from the separation section by at least one fully perforated baffle plate. 10. The separation system of claim 8, further comprising a plate pack coalescer which is positioned in the separation section. 11. The separation system of claim 6, further comprising an inlet device which is positioned between the inlet and the upstream section. 12. The separation system of claim 11, further comprising a run-off plate which extends from the inlet device to the upstream section. 13. The separation system of claim 12, wherein the run-off plate is connected to the partially perforated baffle plate. 14. A method for treating a hydrocarbon flowstream, the method comprising:
directing the hydrocarbon flowstream into an elongated separator vessel which includes at least a heating section and a separation section, the separation section being located downstream of the heating section; directing at least a portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream into the heating section; and heating said portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream with an immersed plate heater which is positioned in the heating section and is fluidly connected to a heating medium heater which is located externally of the separator vessel. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the immersed plate heater comprises an immersed plate heater bank. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the heating medium heater comprises a thermal fluid system. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the separator vessel includes an upstream section which is located upstream of the heating section and the method further comprises:
directing said portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream into the upstream section; and then directing said portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream from the upstream section into a lower portion of the heating section to thereby cause the flowstream to progress both horizontally and vertically through the immersed plate heater. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the separator vessel includes a separation section which is located downstream of the heating section, said portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream includes at least a water fraction and an oil fraction, said oil fraction comprises a number of light end hydrocarbons, and the method further comprises:
directing said portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream from the heating section into the separation section; wherein the water fraction and/or the light end hydrocarbons separate from the oil fraction in the separation section. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the separator vessel includes an oil accumulation section which is located downstream of the separation section and the method further comprises:
directing the oil fraction from the separation section into the oil accumulation section.
| 3,600
|
337,976
| 16,799,629
| 3,651
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A separation system includes an elongated separator vessel having an inlet, a heating section which is located downstream of the inlet, an oil accumulation section which is located downstream of the heating section, and an oil outlet which is connected to the oil accumulation section. The heating section includes an immersed plate heater which is fluidly connected to a heating medium heater that is located externally of the separator vessel. In operation, a heating fluid which is heated in the heating medium heater is circulated through the immersed plate heater to heat the multiphase fluid.
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1. A separation system comprising:
an elongated separator vessel which includes an inlet, a heating section which is located downstream of the inlet, an oil accumulation section which is located downstream of the heating section, and an oil outlet which is connected to the oil accumulation section; an immersed plate heater which is positioned in the heating section; and a heating medium heater which is located externally of the separator vessel and is fluidly connected to the immersed plate heater; wherein a heating fluid which is heated in the heating medium heater is circulated through the immersed plate heater to heat the multiphase fluid. 2. The separation system of claim 1, wherein the immersed plate heater comprises an immersed plate heater bank. 3. The separation system of claim 2, wherein the immersed plate heater bank comprises a plurality of generally rectangular, generally parallel, spaced apart heat exchanger plates. 4. The separation system of claim 3, wherein the heat exchanger plates are oriented generally vertically in the heating section generally parallel with a longitudinal axis of the separator vessel. 5. The separation system of claim 1, wherein the heating medium heater comprises a thermal fluid system. 6. The separation system of claim 1, wherein the separator vessel includes an upstream section which is located downstream of the inlet and upstream of the heating section. 7. The separation system of claim 6, wherein the upstream section is separated from the heating section by at least one partially perforated baffle plate, the partially perforated baffle plate including a solid upper portion and a perforated lower portion which comprises a plurality of through holes. 8. The separation system of claim 6, wherein the separator vessel includes a separation section which is located downstream of the heating section and upstream of the oil accumulation section, the separation section being separated from the oil accumulation section by an overflow weir. 9. The separation system of claim 8, wherein the heating section is separated from the separation section by at least one fully perforated baffle plate. 10. The separation system of claim 8, further comprising a plate pack coalescer which is positioned in the separation section. 11. The separation system of claim 6, further comprising an inlet device which is positioned between the inlet and the upstream section. 12. The separation system of claim 11, further comprising a run-off plate which extends from the inlet device to the upstream section. 13. The separation system of claim 12, wherein the run-off plate is connected to the partially perforated baffle plate. 14. A method for treating a hydrocarbon flowstream, the method comprising:
directing the hydrocarbon flowstream into an elongated separator vessel which includes at least a heating section and a separation section, the separation section being located downstream of the heating section; directing at least a portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream into the heating section; and heating said portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream with an immersed plate heater which is positioned in the heating section and is fluidly connected to a heating medium heater which is located externally of the separator vessel. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the immersed plate heater comprises an immersed plate heater bank. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the heating medium heater comprises a thermal fluid system. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the separator vessel includes an upstream section which is located upstream of the heating section and the method further comprises:
directing said portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream into the upstream section; and then directing said portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream from the upstream section into a lower portion of the heating section to thereby cause the flowstream to progress both horizontally and vertically through the immersed plate heater. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the separator vessel includes a separation section which is located downstream of the heating section, said portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream includes at least a water fraction and an oil fraction, said oil fraction comprises a number of light end hydrocarbons, and the method further comprises:
directing said portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream from the heating section into the separation section; wherein the water fraction and/or the light end hydrocarbons separate from the oil fraction in the separation section. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the separator vessel includes an oil accumulation section which is located downstream of the separation section and the method further comprises:
directing the oil fraction from the separation section into the oil accumulation section.
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A separation system includes an elongated separator vessel having an inlet, a heating section which is located downstream of the inlet, an oil accumulation section which is located downstream of the heating section, and an oil outlet which is connected to the oil accumulation section. The heating section includes an immersed plate heater which is fluidly connected to a heating medium heater that is located externally of the separator vessel. In operation, a heating fluid which is heated in the heating medium heater is circulated through the immersed plate heater to heat the multiphase fluid.1. A separation system comprising:
an elongated separator vessel which includes an inlet, a heating section which is located downstream of the inlet, an oil accumulation section which is located downstream of the heating section, and an oil outlet which is connected to the oil accumulation section; an immersed plate heater which is positioned in the heating section; and a heating medium heater which is located externally of the separator vessel and is fluidly connected to the immersed plate heater; wherein a heating fluid which is heated in the heating medium heater is circulated through the immersed plate heater to heat the multiphase fluid. 2. The separation system of claim 1, wherein the immersed plate heater comprises an immersed plate heater bank. 3. The separation system of claim 2, wherein the immersed plate heater bank comprises a plurality of generally rectangular, generally parallel, spaced apart heat exchanger plates. 4. The separation system of claim 3, wherein the heat exchanger plates are oriented generally vertically in the heating section generally parallel with a longitudinal axis of the separator vessel. 5. The separation system of claim 1, wherein the heating medium heater comprises a thermal fluid system. 6. The separation system of claim 1, wherein the separator vessel includes an upstream section which is located downstream of the inlet and upstream of the heating section. 7. The separation system of claim 6, wherein the upstream section is separated from the heating section by at least one partially perforated baffle plate, the partially perforated baffle plate including a solid upper portion and a perforated lower portion which comprises a plurality of through holes. 8. The separation system of claim 6, wherein the separator vessel includes a separation section which is located downstream of the heating section and upstream of the oil accumulation section, the separation section being separated from the oil accumulation section by an overflow weir. 9. The separation system of claim 8, wherein the heating section is separated from the separation section by at least one fully perforated baffle plate. 10. The separation system of claim 8, further comprising a plate pack coalescer which is positioned in the separation section. 11. The separation system of claim 6, further comprising an inlet device which is positioned between the inlet and the upstream section. 12. The separation system of claim 11, further comprising a run-off plate which extends from the inlet device to the upstream section. 13. The separation system of claim 12, wherein the run-off plate is connected to the partially perforated baffle plate. 14. A method for treating a hydrocarbon flowstream, the method comprising:
directing the hydrocarbon flowstream into an elongated separator vessel which includes at least a heating section and a separation section, the separation section being located downstream of the heating section; directing at least a portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream into the heating section; and heating said portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream with an immersed plate heater which is positioned in the heating section and is fluidly connected to a heating medium heater which is located externally of the separator vessel. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the immersed plate heater comprises an immersed plate heater bank. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the heating medium heater comprises a thermal fluid system. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the separator vessel includes an upstream section which is located upstream of the heating section and the method further comprises:
directing said portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream into the upstream section; and then directing said portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream from the upstream section into a lower portion of the heating section to thereby cause the flowstream to progress both horizontally and vertically through the immersed plate heater. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein the separator vessel includes a separation section which is located downstream of the heating section, said portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream includes at least a water fraction and an oil fraction, said oil fraction comprises a number of light end hydrocarbons, and the method further comprises:
directing said portion of the hydrocarbon flowstream from the heating section into the separation section; wherein the water fraction and/or the light end hydrocarbons separate from the oil fraction in the separation section. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the separator vessel includes an oil accumulation section which is located downstream of the separation section and the method further comprises:
directing the oil fraction from the separation section into the oil accumulation section.
| 3,600
|
337,977
| 16,799,608
| 3,651
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A system and method for characterization and/or calibration of performance of a multispectral imaging (MSI) system equipping the MSI system for use with a multitude of different fluorescent specimens while being independent on optical characteristics of a specified specimen and providing an integrated system level test for the MSI system. A system and method are adapted to additionally evaluate and express operational parameters performance of the MSI system in terms of standardized units and/or to determine the acceptable detection range of the MSI system.
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1. A method comprising:
generating, using an imaging system, a first set of image data corresponding to a tissue sample, wherein the first set of image data is generated based on one or more images captured by the imaging system at a maximum light level of a dynamic range indicated by a sensor of the imaging system at a predetermined exposure time; generating, using the imaging system, a second set of image data corresponding to the tissue sample, wherein the second set of image data is generated based on one or more images captured by the imaging system at a minimum light level of the dynamic range indicated by the sensor of the imaging system at the predetermined exposure time; generating, using the imaging system, a third set of image data corresponding to the tissue sample, wherein the third set of image data is generated based on one or more images captured by the imaging system at a medium light level within the dynamic range indicated by the sensor at the predetermined exposure time, and wherein the medium light level is between the maximum light level and the minimum light level; determining a linear regression value for each of the first, second, and third sets of image data; identifying, based on the determined linear regression values, an estimated degree of linearity corresponding to the imaging system, wherein the estimated degree of linearity indicates a ratio between signal output of the imaging system and an amount of light received by the imaging system; and calibrating one or more components of the imaging system based at least in part on the estimated degree of linearity. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
a first image of the one or more images captured by the imaging system at the maximum light level is captured at a first predetermined wavelength; and a second image of the one or more images captured by the imaging system at the maximum light level is captured at a second predetermined wavelength, wherein the first predetermined wavelength is different from the second predetermined wavelength. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a first set of pixel intensity values from the first set of image data; determining a first set of statistical data of the first set of pixel intensity values; and determining, based on the first set of statistical data, the linear regression value for the first set of image data. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the linear regression value for the first set of image data further comprises:
generating a graph corresponding to the first set of image data, wherein:
a first axis of the graph indicates a variance value of the first set of statistical data; and
a second axis of the graph indicates a mode value of the first set of statistical data. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the linear regression value for each of the first, second, and third sets of image data further comprises generating a conversion value for each of the first, second, and third sets of image data, wherein the conversion value indicates an estimated number of electrons recorded by the sensor of the imaging system at each pixel of a respective image. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor is a charge-coupled device sensor that converts photons characterized as an analog signal to an digital signal. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the dynamic range indicates a ratio of maximum and minimum light intensity values that the imaging system is capable of converting from an analog signal to a digital signal. 8. A system comprising:
a processing unit comprising one or more processors; and memory coupled with and readable by the processing unit and storing therein a set of instructions which, when executed by the processing unit, causes the system to perform one or more operations comprising:
generating, using an imaging system, a first set of image data corresponding to a tissue sample, wherein the first set of image data is generated based on one or more images captured by the imaging system at a maximum light level of a dynamic range indicated by a sensor of the imaging system at a predetermined exposure time;
generating, using the imaging system, a second set of image data corresponding to the tissue sample, wherein the second set of image data is generated based on one or more images captured by the imaging system at a minimum light level of the dynamic range indicated by the sensor of the imaging system at the predetermined exposure time;
generating, using the imaging system, a third set of image data corresponding to the tissue sample, wherein the third set of image data is generated based on one or more images captured by the imaging system at a medium light level within the dynamic range indicated by the sensor at the predetermined exposure time, and wherein the medium light level is between the maximum light level and the minimum light level;
determining a linear regression value for each of the first, second, and third sets of image data;
identifying, based on the determined linear regression values, an estimated degree of linearity corresponding to the imaging system, wherein the estimated degree of linearity indicates a ratio between signal output of the imaging system and an amount of light received by the imaging system; and
calibrating one or more components of the imaging system based at least in part on the estimated degree of linearity. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein:
a first image of the one or more images captured by the imaging system at the maximum light level is captured at a first predetermined wavelength; and a second image of the one or more images captured by the imaging system at the maximum light level is captured at a second predetermined wavelength, wherein the first predetermined wavelength is different from the second predetermined wavelength. 10. The system of claim 8, the memory storing therein additional instructions which, when executed by the processing unit, causes the system to perform one or more operations comprising:
identifying a first set of pixel intensity values from the first set of image data; determining a first set of statistical data of the first set of pixel intensity values; and determining, based on the first set of statistical data, the linear regression value for the first set of image data. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein determining the linear regression value for the first set of image data further comprises:
generating a graph corresponding to the first set of image data, wherein:
a first axis of the graph indicates a variance value of the first set of statistical data; and
a second axis of the graph indicates a mode value of the first set of statistical data. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein determining the linear regression value for each of the first, second, and third sets of image data further comprises generating a conversion value for each of the first, second, and third sets of image data, wherein the conversion value indicates an estimated number of electrons recorded by the sensor of the imaging system at each pixel of a respective image. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the sensor is a charge-coupled device sensor that converts photons characterized as an analog signal to an digital signal. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the dynamic range indicates a ratio of maximum and minimum light intensity values that the imaging system is capable of converting from an analog signal to a digital signal. 15. A computer-program product tangibly embodied in a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium, including instructions configured to cause one or more data processors to perform operations comprising:
generating, using an imaging system, a first set of image data corresponding to a tissue sample, wherein the first set of image data is generated based on one or more images captured by the imaging system at a maximum light level of a dynamic range indicated by a sensor of the imaging system at a predetermined exposure time; generating, using the imaging system, a second set of image data corresponding to the tissue sample, wherein the second set of image data is generated based on one or more images captured by the imaging system at a minimum light level of the dynamic range indicated by the sensor of the imaging system at the predetermined exposure time; generating, using the imaging system, a third set of image data corresponding to the tissue sample, wherein the third set of image data is generated based on one or more images captured by the imaging system at a medium light level within the dynamic range indicated by the sensor at the predetermined exposure time, and wherein the medium light level is between the maximum light level and the minimum light level; determining a linear regression value for each of the first, second, and third sets of image data; identifying, based on the determined linear regression values, an estimated degree of linearity corresponding to the imaging system, wherein the estimated degree of linearity indicates a ratio between signal output of the imaging system and an amount of light received by the imaging system; and calibrating one or more components of the imaging system based at least in part on the estimated degree of linearity. 16. The computer-program product of claim 15, wherein:
a first image of the one or more images captured by the imaging system at the maximum light level is captured at a first predetermined wavelength; and a second image of the one or more images captured by the imaging system at the maximum light level is captured at a second predetermined wavelength, wherein the first predetermined wavelength is different from the second predetermined wavelength. 17. The computer-program product of claim 15, including further instructions configured to cause the one or more data processors to perform operations comprising:
identifying a first set of pixel intensity values from the first set of image data; determining a first set of statistical data of the first set of pixel intensity values; and determining, based on the first set of statistical data, the linear regression value for the first set of image data. 18. The computer-program product of claim 17, including further instructions configured to cause the one or more data processors to perform operations comprising:
generating a graph corresponding to the first set of image data, wherein:
a first axis of the graph indicates a variance value of the first set of statistical data; and
a second axis of the graph indicates a mode value of the first set of statistical data. 19. The computer-program product of claim 15, wherein determining the linear regression value for each of the first, second, and third sets of image data further comprises generating a conversion value for each of the first, second, and third sets of image data, wherein the conversion value indicates an estimated number of electrons recorded by the sensor of the imaging system at each pixel of a respective image. 20. The computer-program product of claim 15, wherein the sensor is a charge-coupled device sensor that converts photons characterized as an analog signal to an digital signal.
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A system and method for characterization and/or calibration of performance of a multispectral imaging (MSI) system equipping the MSI system for use with a multitude of different fluorescent specimens while being independent on optical characteristics of a specified specimen and providing an integrated system level test for the MSI system. A system and method are adapted to additionally evaluate and express operational parameters performance of the MSI system in terms of standardized units and/or to determine the acceptable detection range of the MSI system.1. A method comprising:
generating, using an imaging system, a first set of image data corresponding to a tissue sample, wherein the first set of image data is generated based on one or more images captured by the imaging system at a maximum light level of a dynamic range indicated by a sensor of the imaging system at a predetermined exposure time; generating, using the imaging system, a second set of image data corresponding to the tissue sample, wherein the second set of image data is generated based on one or more images captured by the imaging system at a minimum light level of the dynamic range indicated by the sensor of the imaging system at the predetermined exposure time; generating, using the imaging system, a third set of image data corresponding to the tissue sample, wherein the third set of image data is generated based on one or more images captured by the imaging system at a medium light level within the dynamic range indicated by the sensor at the predetermined exposure time, and wherein the medium light level is between the maximum light level and the minimum light level; determining a linear regression value for each of the first, second, and third sets of image data; identifying, based on the determined linear regression values, an estimated degree of linearity corresponding to the imaging system, wherein the estimated degree of linearity indicates a ratio between signal output of the imaging system and an amount of light received by the imaging system; and calibrating one or more components of the imaging system based at least in part on the estimated degree of linearity. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
a first image of the one or more images captured by the imaging system at the maximum light level is captured at a first predetermined wavelength; and a second image of the one or more images captured by the imaging system at the maximum light level is captured at a second predetermined wavelength, wherein the first predetermined wavelength is different from the second predetermined wavelength. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a first set of pixel intensity values from the first set of image data; determining a first set of statistical data of the first set of pixel intensity values; and determining, based on the first set of statistical data, the linear regression value for the first set of image data. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the linear regression value for the first set of image data further comprises:
generating a graph corresponding to the first set of image data, wherein:
a first axis of the graph indicates a variance value of the first set of statistical data; and
a second axis of the graph indicates a mode value of the first set of statistical data. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the linear regression value for each of the first, second, and third sets of image data further comprises generating a conversion value for each of the first, second, and third sets of image data, wherein the conversion value indicates an estimated number of electrons recorded by the sensor of the imaging system at each pixel of a respective image. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor is a charge-coupled device sensor that converts photons characterized as an analog signal to an digital signal. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the dynamic range indicates a ratio of maximum and minimum light intensity values that the imaging system is capable of converting from an analog signal to a digital signal. 8. A system comprising:
a processing unit comprising one or more processors; and memory coupled with and readable by the processing unit and storing therein a set of instructions which, when executed by the processing unit, causes the system to perform one or more operations comprising:
generating, using an imaging system, a first set of image data corresponding to a tissue sample, wherein the first set of image data is generated based on one or more images captured by the imaging system at a maximum light level of a dynamic range indicated by a sensor of the imaging system at a predetermined exposure time;
generating, using the imaging system, a second set of image data corresponding to the tissue sample, wherein the second set of image data is generated based on one or more images captured by the imaging system at a minimum light level of the dynamic range indicated by the sensor of the imaging system at the predetermined exposure time;
generating, using the imaging system, a third set of image data corresponding to the tissue sample, wherein the third set of image data is generated based on one or more images captured by the imaging system at a medium light level within the dynamic range indicated by the sensor at the predetermined exposure time, and wherein the medium light level is between the maximum light level and the minimum light level;
determining a linear regression value for each of the first, second, and third sets of image data;
identifying, based on the determined linear regression values, an estimated degree of linearity corresponding to the imaging system, wherein the estimated degree of linearity indicates a ratio between signal output of the imaging system and an amount of light received by the imaging system; and
calibrating one or more components of the imaging system based at least in part on the estimated degree of linearity. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein:
a first image of the one or more images captured by the imaging system at the maximum light level is captured at a first predetermined wavelength; and a second image of the one or more images captured by the imaging system at the maximum light level is captured at a second predetermined wavelength, wherein the first predetermined wavelength is different from the second predetermined wavelength. 10. The system of claim 8, the memory storing therein additional instructions which, when executed by the processing unit, causes the system to perform one or more operations comprising:
identifying a first set of pixel intensity values from the first set of image data; determining a first set of statistical data of the first set of pixel intensity values; and determining, based on the first set of statistical data, the linear regression value for the first set of image data. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein determining the linear regression value for the first set of image data further comprises:
generating a graph corresponding to the first set of image data, wherein:
a first axis of the graph indicates a variance value of the first set of statistical data; and
a second axis of the graph indicates a mode value of the first set of statistical data. 12. The system of claim 8, wherein determining the linear regression value for each of the first, second, and third sets of image data further comprises generating a conversion value for each of the first, second, and third sets of image data, wherein the conversion value indicates an estimated number of electrons recorded by the sensor of the imaging system at each pixel of a respective image. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein the sensor is a charge-coupled device sensor that converts photons characterized as an analog signal to an digital signal. 14. The system of claim 8, wherein the dynamic range indicates a ratio of maximum and minimum light intensity values that the imaging system is capable of converting from an analog signal to a digital signal. 15. A computer-program product tangibly embodied in a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium, including instructions configured to cause one or more data processors to perform operations comprising:
generating, using an imaging system, a first set of image data corresponding to a tissue sample, wherein the first set of image data is generated based on one or more images captured by the imaging system at a maximum light level of a dynamic range indicated by a sensor of the imaging system at a predetermined exposure time; generating, using the imaging system, a second set of image data corresponding to the tissue sample, wherein the second set of image data is generated based on one or more images captured by the imaging system at a minimum light level of the dynamic range indicated by the sensor of the imaging system at the predetermined exposure time; generating, using the imaging system, a third set of image data corresponding to the tissue sample, wherein the third set of image data is generated based on one or more images captured by the imaging system at a medium light level within the dynamic range indicated by the sensor at the predetermined exposure time, and wherein the medium light level is between the maximum light level and the minimum light level; determining a linear regression value for each of the first, second, and third sets of image data; identifying, based on the determined linear regression values, an estimated degree of linearity corresponding to the imaging system, wherein the estimated degree of linearity indicates a ratio between signal output of the imaging system and an amount of light received by the imaging system; and calibrating one or more components of the imaging system based at least in part on the estimated degree of linearity. 16. The computer-program product of claim 15, wherein:
a first image of the one or more images captured by the imaging system at the maximum light level is captured at a first predetermined wavelength; and a second image of the one or more images captured by the imaging system at the maximum light level is captured at a second predetermined wavelength, wherein the first predetermined wavelength is different from the second predetermined wavelength. 17. The computer-program product of claim 15, including further instructions configured to cause the one or more data processors to perform operations comprising:
identifying a first set of pixel intensity values from the first set of image data; determining a first set of statistical data of the first set of pixel intensity values; and determining, based on the first set of statistical data, the linear regression value for the first set of image data. 18. The computer-program product of claim 17, including further instructions configured to cause the one or more data processors to perform operations comprising:
generating a graph corresponding to the first set of image data, wherein:
a first axis of the graph indicates a variance value of the first set of statistical data; and
a second axis of the graph indicates a mode value of the first set of statistical data. 19. The computer-program product of claim 15, wherein determining the linear regression value for each of the first, second, and third sets of image data further comprises generating a conversion value for each of the first, second, and third sets of image data, wherein the conversion value indicates an estimated number of electrons recorded by the sensor of the imaging system at each pixel of a respective image. 20. The computer-program product of claim 15, wherein the sensor is a charge-coupled device sensor that converts photons characterized as an analog signal to an digital signal.
| 3,600
|
337,978
| 16,799,597
| 3,651
|
Examples are disclosed that relate to the restoration of degraded images acquired via a behind-display camera. One example provides a method of training a machine learning model, the method comprising inputting training image pairs into the machine learning model, each training image pair comprising an undegraded image and a degraded image that represents an appearance of the undegraded image to a behind-display camera, and training the machine learning model using the training image pairs to generate frequency information that is missing from the degraded images.
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1. A method of training a machine learning model, the method comprising:
inputting training image pairs into the machine learning model, each training image pair comprising an undegraded image and a degraded image that represents an appearance of the undegraded image to a behind-display camera; and training the machine learning model using the training image pairs to generate frequency information that is missing from the degraded images. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein providing training image pairs to the machine learning model comprises providing the image pairs to a convolutional neural network. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein providing training image pairs to the machine learning model comprises providing the image pairs to a U-shaped neural network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the undegraded training image comprises an average of a plurality of repeated captured frames. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising acquiring each degraded image via a camera positioned behind a mask. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the degraded image comprises an image acquired via a camera array. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the training image pair is a part of three or more corresponding training images. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after training the machine learning model, implementing the machine learning model in a computing device for imaging via a behind-display camera. 9. A method of obtaining a restored image, the method comprising:
acquiring a degraded image through a display via a behind-display camera, the degraded image comprising missing frequency information in a frequency region due to having been acquired through a display; providing the degraded image as input to a machine learning model; and receiving an output from the machine learning model, the output comprising a restored image comprising generated frequency information in the frequency region. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein providing the degraded image as input to the machine learning model comprises sending the image to a remote service hosting the machine learning model. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein providing the degraded image as input to the machine learning model comprises executing the machine learning model locally. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein acquiring the degraded image through the display comprises acquiring the degraded image via a camera array. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the restored image is provided to a video application. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein providing the degraded image into the machine learning model comprises providing the degraded image into a convolutional neural network. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein providing the degraded image into the machine learning model comprises providing the degraded image into a U-shaped neural network. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the U-shaped neural network comprises two or more sub-encoders. 17. A computing device, comprising:
a logic subsystem; and a storage subsystem storing instructions executable by the logic subsystem to:
receive a degraded image acquired via a behind-display camera, the degraded image comprising missing frequency information in a frequency region due to having been acquired through a display;
provide the image as input into a machine learning model; and
receive an output from the machine learning model of a restored image, the restored image comprising generated frequency information in the frequency region. 18. The computing device of claim 17 further comprising the display and the behind-display camera, and wherein the display comprises an array of openings. 19. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the behind-display camera comprises a camera array. 20. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the computing device is remote from the behind-display camera.
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Examples are disclosed that relate to the restoration of degraded images acquired via a behind-display camera. One example provides a method of training a machine learning model, the method comprising inputting training image pairs into the machine learning model, each training image pair comprising an undegraded image and a degraded image that represents an appearance of the undegraded image to a behind-display camera, and training the machine learning model using the training image pairs to generate frequency information that is missing from the degraded images.1. A method of training a machine learning model, the method comprising:
inputting training image pairs into the machine learning model, each training image pair comprising an undegraded image and a degraded image that represents an appearance of the undegraded image to a behind-display camera; and training the machine learning model using the training image pairs to generate frequency information that is missing from the degraded images. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein providing training image pairs to the machine learning model comprises providing the image pairs to a convolutional neural network. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein providing training image pairs to the machine learning model comprises providing the image pairs to a U-shaped neural network. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the undegraded training image comprises an average of a plurality of repeated captured frames. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising acquiring each degraded image via a camera positioned behind a mask. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the degraded image comprises an image acquired via a camera array. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the training image pair is a part of three or more corresponding training images. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after training the machine learning model, implementing the machine learning model in a computing device for imaging via a behind-display camera. 9. A method of obtaining a restored image, the method comprising:
acquiring a degraded image through a display via a behind-display camera, the degraded image comprising missing frequency information in a frequency region due to having been acquired through a display; providing the degraded image as input to a machine learning model; and receiving an output from the machine learning model, the output comprising a restored image comprising generated frequency information in the frequency region. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein providing the degraded image as input to the machine learning model comprises sending the image to a remote service hosting the machine learning model. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein providing the degraded image as input to the machine learning model comprises executing the machine learning model locally. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein acquiring the degraded image through the display comprises acquiring the degraded image via a camera array. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the restored image is provided to a video application. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein providing the degraded image into the machine learning model comprises providing the degraded image into a convolutional neural network. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein providing the degraded image into the machine learning model comprises providing the degraded image into a U-shaped neural network. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the U-shaped neural network comprises two or more sub-encoders. 17. A computing device, comprising:
a logic subsystem; and a storage subsystem storing instructions executable by the logic subsystem to:
receive a degraded image acquired via a behind-display camera, the degraded image comprising missing frequency information in a frequency region due to having been acquired through a display;
provide the image as input into a machine learning model; and
receive an output from the machine learning model of a restored image, the restored image comprising generated frequency information in the frequency region. 18. The computing device of claim 17 further comprising the display and the behind-display camera, and wherein the display comprises an array of openings. 19. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the behind-display camera comprises a camera array. 20. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the computing device is remote from the behind-display camera.
| 3,600
|
337,979
| 16,799,631
| 3,785
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An accessory device for delivering medications from attached press-and-breathe metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), including those medications containing hydrofluoroalkane propellants. The device includes a collapsible flexible bag to which is attached a bidirectional mouthpiece and an adaptor that receives the MDI. The mouthpiece contains a reed that functions as an audible signal. The adaptor positions the MDI at an angle to direct the aerosol spray toward the center of the bag. When triggered, the MDI discharges the aerosolized medication into the center of the bag, which medication may then be inhaled by the user through the mouthpiece. The user's inhalation causes the bag to collapse. The reed emits an audible sound if the user inhales above a pre-determined flow rate. A cap seals a gap between the adaptor and an attached canister, making the device in combination with the MDI into a closed-bag system.
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1. An accessory delivery device for a press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler (MDI), the MDI having a pressurized canister inserted in an actuator, the device comprising:
a flexible collapsible bag having an open top end and a closed bottom end; a top end cap having a top surface, and having a first opening and a second opening in the top surface, the top end cap being connected to the open top end of the flexible collapsible bag; a tubular mouthpiece having a proximal end suitable to place in a user's mouth, and a distal end mounted in the first opening of said top surface, the tubular mouthpiece in fluid communication with the flexible collapsible bag; a warning indicator constructed and adapted to provide an audible signal based on a predetermined inhalation flow rate through the tubular mouthpiece is exceeded; an upstanding collar in the second opening in the top end cap, the upstanding collar being disposed at a fixed angle offset from perpendicular to the top surface of the top end cap; an adaptor mounted on the upstanding collar, the adaptor having a centrally disposed flexible member, an opening in the centrally disposed flexible member adapted to receive a first portion of the actuator of the press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler; and a cap constructed and adapted to seal a gap between an inner wall of the actuator and the canister, wherein, when activated, the press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler dispenses an aerosol spray containing a drug through the adaptor in a direction away from the top end cap and into the flexible collapsible bag. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein, when attached to the MDI, the cap prevents air flow through the gap between the inner wall of the actuator and the canister. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein, when attached to the MDI, the cap provides access to a top portion of the canister to allow user activation of the MDI. 4. The device of claim 1, further comprising a tether attached to the cap at a first end of the tether, wherein the tether comprises a ring at a seconds end thereof, said ring connecting said tether to said collar. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein tubular mouthpiece protrudes vertically from the top surface of the top end cap. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the adaptor is constructed and adapted to fit multiple different sized inhaler actuators. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the fixed angle is offset from perpendicular to the top surface of the top end cap when the device is in use. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the actuator comprises an actuator exit tube of the actuator. 9. The device of claim 1, and further comprising a flexible sealing member mounted in the centrally disposed flexible member having a slot to receive the press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler in fluid tight engagement. 10. The device of claim 1, and further comprising a bottom end cap sealing the bottom end of the flexible collapsible bag. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the top end cap and bottom end cap comprise high density polyethylene. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein the warning indicator is mounted in the tubular mouthpiece. 13. The device of claim 1, wherein said warning indicator produces an audible sound when a flow rate of air passing through the tubular mouthpiece exceeds the predetermined inhalation flow rate. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the warning indicator comprises a reed that vibrates to produce said audible sound when a flow rate of air passing through the tubular mouthpiece exceeds the predetermined inhalation flow rate. 15. The device of claim 13, wherein said warning indicator produces a whistling sound when the flow rate of air passing through the tubular mouthpiece from the flexible collapsible bag exceeds the predetermined inhalation flow rate. 16. The device of claim 1, wherein the flexible collapsible bag comprises low density polyethylene. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the flexible collapsible bag comprises is metallocene low density polyethylene. 18. The device of claim 1, wherein the flexible collapsible bag provides a visual indication that an appropriate amount of the aerosol spray containing the drug has been inhaled when the flexible collapsible bag is collapsed. 19. The device of claim 1, and further comprising a channel in the press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler adaptor that receives the collar to securely attach the press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler adaptor to the collar. 20. (canceled) 21. The device of claim 1, wherein the fixed angle of the collar to the top surface of the top end cap is between 8 to 18 degrees. 22. The device of claim 1, wherein an airtight seal is provided between the top end cap and the open top end of the flexible collapsible bag. 23. The device of claim 22, wherein the airtight seal is provided by a seal surrounding the top end cap. 24. The device of claim 1, wherein the bottom end of the flexible collapsible bag is sealed to prevent passage of air into or out from the flexible collapsible bag from the bottom end. 25. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a filter within the tubular mouthpiece.
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An accessory device for delivering medications from attached press-and-breathe metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), including those medications containing hydrofluoroalkane propellants. The device includes a collapsible flexible bag to which is attached a bidirectional mouthpiece and an adaptor that receives the MDI. The mouthpiece contains a reed that functions as an audible signal. The adaptor positions the MDI at an angle to direct the aerosol spray toward the center of the bag. When triggered, the MDI discharges the aerosolized medication into the center of the bag, which medication may then be inhaled by the user through the mouthpiece. The user's inhalation causes the bag to collapse. The reed emits an audible sound if the user inhales above a pre-determined flow rate. A cap seals a gap between the adaptor and an attached canister, making the device in combination with the MDI into a closed-bag system.1. An accessory delivery device for a press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler (MDI), the MDI having a pressurized canister inserted in an actuator, the device comprising:
a flexible collapsible bag having an open top end and a closed bottom end; a top end cap having a top surface, and having a first opening and a second opening in the top surface, the top end cap being connected to the open top end of the flexible collapsible bag; a tubular mouthpiece having a proximal end suitable to place in a user's mouth, and a distal end mounted in the first opening of said top surface, the tubular mouthpiece in fluid communication with the flexible collapsible bag; a warning indicator constructed and adapted to provide an audible signal based on a predetermined inhalation flow rate through the tubular mouthpiece is exceeded; an upstanding collar in the second opening in the top end cap, the upstanding collar being disposed at a fixed angle offset from perpendicular to the top surface of the top end cap; an adaptor mounted on the upstanding collar, the adaptor having a centrally disposed flexible member, an opening in the centrally disposed flexible member adapted to receive a first portion of the actuator of the press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler; and a cap constructed and adapted to seal a gap between an inner wall of the actuator and the canister, wherein, when activated, the press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler dispenses an aerosol spray containing a drug through the adaptor in a direction away from the top end cap and into the flexible collapsible bag. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein, when attached to the MDI, the cap prevents air flow through the gap between the inner wall of the actuator and the canister. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein, when attached to the MDI, the cap provides access to a top portion of the canister to allow user activation of the MDI. 4. The device of claim 1, further comprising a tether attached to the cap at a first end of the tether, wherein the tether comprises a ring at a seconds end thereof, said ring connecting said tether to said collar. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein tubular mouthpiece protrudes vertically from the top surface of the top end cap. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the adaptor is constructed and adapted to fit multiple different sized inhaler actuators. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the fixed angle is offset from perpendicular to the top surface of the top end cap when the device is in use. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the actuator comprises an actuator exit tube of the actuator. 9. The device of claim 1, and further comprising a flexible sealing member mounted in the centrally disposed flexible member having a slot to receive the press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler in fluid tight engagement. 10. The device of claim 1, and further comprising a bottom end cap sealing the bottom end of the flexible collapsible bag. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the top end cap and bottom end cap comprise high density polyethylene. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein the warning indicator is mounted in the tubular mouthpiece. 13. The device of claim 1, wherein said warning indicator produces an audible sound when a flow rate of air passing through the tubular mouthpiece exceeds the predetermined inhalation flow rate. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the warning indicator comprises a reed that vibrates to produce said audible sound when a flow rate of air passing through the tubular mouthpiece exceeds the predetermined inhalation flow rate. 15. The device of claim 13, wherein said warning indicator produces a whistling sound when the flow rate of air passing through the tubular mouthpiece from the flexible collapsible bag exceeds the predetermined inhalation flow rate. 16. The device of claim 1, wherein the flexible collapsible bag comprises low density polyethylene. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the flexible collapsible bag comprises is metallocene low density polyethylene. 18. The device of claim 1, wherein the flexible collapsible bag provides a visual indication that an appropriate amount of the aerosol spray containing the drug has been inhaled when the flexible collapsible bag is collapsed. 19. The device of claim 1, and further comprising a channel in the press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler adaptor that receives the collar to securely attach the press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler adaptor to the collar. 20. (canceled) 21. The device of claim 1, wherein the fixed angle of the collar to the top surface of the top end cap is between 8 to 18 degrees. 22. The device of claim 1, wherein an airtight seal is provided between the top end cap and the open top end of the flexible collapsible bag. 23. The device of claim 22, wherein the airtight seal is provided by a seal surrounding the top end cap. 24. The device of claim 1, wherein the bottom end of the flexible collapsible bag is sealed to prevent passage of air into or out from the flexible collapsible bag from the bottom end. 25. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a filter within the tubular mouthpiece.
| 3,700
|
337,980
| 16,799,621
| 3,636
|
An accessory device for delivering medications from attached press-and-breathe metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), including those medications containing hydrofluoroalkane propellants. The device includes a collapsible flexible bag to which is attached a bidirectional mouthpiece and an adaptor that receives the MDI. The mouthpiece contains a reed that functions as an audible signal. The adaptor positions the MDI at an angle to direct the aerosol spray toward the center of the bag. When triggered, the MDI discharges the aerosolized medication into the center of the bag, which medication may then be inhaled by the user through the mouthpiece. The user's inhalation causes the bag to collapse. The reed emits an audible sound if the user inhales above a pre-determined flow rate. A cap seals a gap between the adaptor and an attached canister, making the device in combination with the MDI into a closed-bag system.
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1. An accessory delivery device for a press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler (MDI), the MDI having a pressurized canister inserted in an actuator, the device comprising:
a flexible collapsible bag having an open top end and a closed bottom end; a top end cap having a top surface, and having a first opening and a second opening in the top surface, the top end cap being connected to the open top end of the flexible collapsible bag; a tubular mouthpiece having a proximal end suitable to place in a user's mouth, and a distal end mounted in the first opening of said top surface, the tubular mouthpiece in fluid communication with the flexible collapsible bag; a warning indicator constructed and adapted to provide an audible signal based on a predetermined inhalation flow rate through the tubular mouthpiece is exceeded; an upstanding collar in the second opening in the top end cap, the upstanding collar being disposed at a fixed angle offset from perpendicular to the top surface of the top end cap; an adaptor mounted on the upstanding collar, the adaptor having a centrally disposed flexible member, an opening in the centrally disposed flexible member adapted to receive a first portion of the actuator of the press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler; and a cap constructed and adapted to seal a gap between an inner wall of the actuator and the canister, wherein, when activated, the press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler dispenses an aerosol spray containing a drug through the adaptor in a direction away from the top end cap and into the flexible collapsible bag. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein, when attached to the MDI, the cap prevents air flow through the gap between the inner wall of the actuator and the canister. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein, when attached to the MDI, the cap provides access to a top portion of the canister to allow user activation of the MDI. 4. The device of claim 1, further comprising a tether attached to the cap at a first end of the tether, wherein the tether comprises a ring at a seconds end thereof, said ring connecting said tether to said collar. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein tubular mouthpiece protrudes vertically from the top surface of the top end cap. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the adaptor is constructed and adapted to fit multiple different sized inhaler actuators. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the fixed angle is offset from perpendicular to the top surface of the top end cap when the device is in use. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the actuator comprises an actuator exit tube of the actuator. 9. The device of claim 1, and further comprising a flexible sealing member mounted in the centrally disposed flexible member having a slot to receive the press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler in fluid tight engagement. 10. The device of claim 1, and further comprising a bottom end cap sealing the bottom end of the flexible collapsible bag. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the top end cap and bottom end cap comprise high density polyethylene. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein the warning indicator is mounted in the tubular mouthpiece. 13. The device of claim 1, wherein said warning indicator produces an audible sound when a flow rate of air passing through the tubular mouthpiece exceeds the predetermined inhalation flow rate. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the warning indicator comprises a reed that vibrates to produce said audible sound when a flow rate of air passing through the tubular mouthpiece exceeds the predetermined inhalation flow rate. 15. The device of claim 13, wherein said warning indicator produces a whistling sound when the flow rate of air passing through the tubular mouthpiece from the flexible collapsible bag exceeds the predetermined inhalation flow rate. 16. The device of claim 1, wherein the flexible collapsible bag comprises low density polyethylene. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the flexible collapsible bag comprises is metallocene low density polyethylene. 18. The device of claim 1, wherein the flexible collapsible bag provides a visual indication that an appropriate amount of the aerosol spray containing the drug has been inhaled when the flexible collapsible bag is collapsed. 19. The device of claim 1, and further comprising a channel in the press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler adaptor that receives the collar to securely attach the press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler adaptor to the collar. 20. (canceled) 21. The device of claim 1, wherein the fixed angle of the collar to the top surface of the top end cap is between 8 to 18 degrees. 22. The device of claim 1, wherein an airtight seal is provided between the top end cap and the open top end of the flexible collapsible bag. 23. The device of claim 22, wherein the airtight seal is provided by a seal surrounding the top end cap. 24. The device of claim 1, wherein the bottom end of the flexible collapsible bag is sealed to prevent passage of air into or out from the flexible collapsible bag from the bottom end. 25. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a filter within the tubular mouthpiece.
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An accessory device for delivering medications from attached press-and-breathe metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), including those medications containing hydrofluoroalkane propellants. The device includes a collapsible flexible bag to which is attached a bidirectional mouthpiece and an adaptor that receives the MDI. The mouthpiece contains a reed that functions as an audible signal. The adaptor positions the MDI at an angle to direct the aerosol spray toward the center of the bag. When triggered, the MDI discharges the aerosolized medication into the center of the bag, which medication may then be inhaled by the user through the mouthpiece. The user's inhalation causes the bag to collapse. The reed emits an audible sound if the user inhales above a pre-determined flow rate. A cap seals a gap between the adaptor and an attached canister, making the device in combination with the MDI into a closed-bag system.1. An accessory delivery device for a press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler (MDI), the MDI having a pressurized canister inserted in an actuator, the device comprising:
a flexible collapsible bag having an open top end and a closed bottom end; a top end cap having a top surface, and having a first opening and a second opening in the top surface, the top end cap being connected to the open top end of the flexible collapsible bag; a tubular mouthpiece having a proximal end suitable to place in a user's mouth, and a distal end mounted in the first opening of said top surface, the tubular mouthpiece in fluid communication with the flexible collapsible bag; a warning indicator constructed and adapted to provide an audible signal based on a predetermined inhalation flow rate through the tubular mouthpiece is exceeded; an upstanding collar in the second opening in the top end cap, the upstanding collar being disposed at a fixed angle offset from perpendicular to the top surface of the top end cap; an adaptor mounted on the upstanding collar, the adaptor having a centrally disposed flexible member, an opening in the centrally disposed flexible member adapted to receive a first portion of the actuator of the press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler; and a cap constructed and adapted to seal a gap between an inner wall of the actuator and the canister, wherein, when activated, the press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler dispenses an aerosol spray containing a drug through the adaptor in a direction away from the top end cap and into the flexible collapsible bag. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein, when attached to the MDI, the cap prevents air flow through the gap between the inner wall of the actuator and the canister. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein, when attached to the MDI, the cap provides access to a top portion of the canister to allow user activation of the MDI. 4. The device of claim 1, further comprising a tether attached to the cap at a first end of the tether, wherein the tether comprises a ring at a seconds end thereof, said ring connecting said tether to said collar. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein tubular mouthpiece protrudes vertically from the top surface of the top end cap. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the adaptor is constructed and adapted to fit multiple different sized inhaler actuators. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the fixed angle is offset from perpendicular to the top surface of the top end cap when the device is in use. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the actuator comprises an actuator exit tube of the actuator. 9. The device of claim 1, and further comprising a flexible sealing member mounted in the centrally disposed flexible member having a slot to receive the press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler in fluid tight engagement. 10. The device of claim 1, and further comprising a bottom end cap sealing the bottom end of the flexible collapsible bag. 11. The device of claim 10, wherein the top end cap and bottom end cap comprise high density polyethylene. 12. The device of claim 1, wherein the warning indicator is mounted in the tubular mouthpiece. 13. The device of claim 1, wherein said warning indicator produces an audible sound when a flow rate of air passing through the tubular mouthpiece exceeds the predetermined inhalation flow rate. 14. The device of claim 13, wherein the warning indicator comprises a reed that vibrates to produce said audible sound when a flow rate of air passing through the tubular mouthpiece exceeds the predetermined inhalation flow rate. 15. The device of claim 13, wherein said warning indicator produces a whistling sound when the flow rate of air passing through the tubular mouthpiece from the flexible collapsible bag exceeds the predetermined inhalation flow rate. 16. The device of claim 1, wherein the flexible collapsible bag comprises low density polyethylene. 17. The device of claim 16, wherein the flexible collapsible bag comprises is metallocene low density polyethylene. 18. The device of claim 1, wherein the flexible collapsible bag provides a visual indication that an appropriate amount of the aerosol spray containing the drug has been inhaled when the flexible collapsible bag is collapsed. 19. The device of claim 1, and further comprising a channel in the press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler adaptor that receives the collar to securely attach the press-and-breathe metered dose inhaler adaptor to the collar. 20. (canceled) 21. The device of claim 1, wherein the fixed angle of the collar to the top surface of the top end cap is between 8 to 18 degrees. 22. The device of claim 1, wherein an airtight seal is provided between the top end cap and the open top end of the flexible collapsible bag. 23. The device of claim 22, wherein the airtight seal is provided by a seal surrounding the top end cap. 24. The device of claim 1, wherein the bottom end of the flexible collapsible bag is sealed to prevent passage of air into or out from the flexible collapsible bag from the bottom end. 25. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a filter within the tubular mouthpiece.
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A method for downloading application resources and related products are provided. The method includes the following. An application server receives an application resource search request carrying a first search term from a mobile terminal. The application server determines a search result for the first search term and a synonym list for the first search term, and sends the search result for the first search term to the mobile terminal. The application server receives an application resource search request carrying a second search term from the mobile terminal. The application server determines whether the second search term is a synonym of the first search term according to the synonym list. If so, the application server determines the search result for the first search term as a search result for the second search term and sends the search result for the second search term to the mobile terminal.
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1. A method for processing application resources, applicable to an application server configured to push the application resources to a mobile terminal, the method comprising:
receiving, from the mobile terminal, an application resource search request carrying a first search term; determining a search result for the first search term and a synonym list for the first search term, and sending the search result for the first search term to the mobile terminal; receiving, from the mobile terminal, an application resource search request carrying a second search term; determining whether the second search term is a synonym of the first search term according to the synonym list for the first search term; and determining the search result for the first search term as a search result for the second search term and sending the search result for the second search term to the mobile terminal, based on a determination that the second search term is a synonym of the first search term. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the search result for the first search term comprises:
querying for at least one application resource from an application resource library, wherein a matching degree between a name of each of the at least one application resource and the first search term is greater than a preset matching degree; generating a push sequence for the at least one application resource; and determining the push sequence as the search result for the first search term. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the push sequence comprises resource information and a display order of the at least one application resource, and the resource information at least comprises a name, a size, a number of installations, and popularity of the at least one application resource. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the synonym list for the first search term comprises one of:
querying a pre-stored synonym library by using the first search term as a query identity, and determining a synonym list containing the first search term as the synonym list for the first search term; or querying for search terms from the pre-stored synonym library and establishing the synonym list for the first search term according to the search terms, wherein for each of the search terms, a name thereof has n same words as the first search term, and n is greater than or equal to a preset threshold. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether a name of a new application resource is a synonym of the first search term when the new application resource is added to an application resource library; and adding the name of the new application resource to the synonym list for the first search term based on a determination that the name of the new application resource is a synonym of the first search term. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the second search term is a synonym of the first search term according to the synonym list for the first search term comprises one of:
determining whether the second search term is a term in the synonym list for the first search term; or determining whether a synonym list for the second search term is the same as the synonym list for the first search term, wherein the first search term is in the synonym list for the first search term and the second search term is in the synonym list for the second search term. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the search result for the first search term comprises application resources corresponding to synonyms in the synonym list for the first search term. 8. An application server, comprising:
at least one processor; and a computer readable storage, coupled to the at least one processor and storing at least one computer executable instruction thereon which, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to:
receive, from a mobile terminal, an application resource search request carrying a first search term and an application resource search request carrying a second search term;
determine a search result for the first search term and a synonym list for the first search term, and send the search result for the first search term to the mobile terminal;
determine whether the second search term is a synonym of the first search term according to the synonym list for the first search term; and
determine the search result for the first search term as a search result for the second search term and send the search result for the second search term to the mobile terminal when the second search term is a synonym of the first search term. 9. The application server of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor configured to determine the search result for the first search term is configured to:
query for at least one application resource from an application resource library, wherein a matching degree between a name of each of the at least one application resource and the first search term is greater than a preset matching degree; generate a push sequence for the at least one application resource; and determine the push sequence as the search result for the first search term. 10. The application server of claim 9, wherein the push sequence comprises resource information and a display order of the at least one application resource, and the resource information at least comprises a name, a size, a number of installations, and popularity of the at least one application resource. 11. The application server of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor configured to determine the synonym list for the first search term is configured to:
query a pre-stored synonym library by using the first search term as a query identity, and determine a synonym list containing the first search term as the synonym list for the first search term; or query for search terms from the pre-stored synonym library and establish the synonym list for the first search term according to the search terms, wherein for each of the search terms, a name thereof has n same words as the first search term, and n is greater than or equal to a preset threshold. 12. The application server of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
determine whether a name of a new application resource is a synonym of the first search term when the new application resource is added to an application resource library; and add the name of the new application resource to the synonym list for the first search term when the name of the new application resource is a synonym of the first search term. 13. The application server of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor configured to determine whether the second search term is a synonym of the first search term according to the synonym list for the first search term is configured to:
determine whether the second search term is a term in the synonym list for the first search term; or determine whether a synonym list for the second search term is the same as the synonym list for the first search term, the first search term is a term in the synonym list for the first search term, and the second search term is a term in the synonym list for the second search term. 14. The application server of claim 8, wherein the search result for the first search term comprises application resources corresponding to synonyms in the synonym list for the first search term. 15. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to:
receive, from a mobile terminal, an application resource search request carrying a first search term and an application resource search request carrying a second search term; determine a search result for the first search term and a synonym list for the first search term, and send the search result for the first search term to the mobile terminal; determine whether the second search term is a synonym of the first search term according to the synonym list for the first search term; and determine the search result for the first search term as a search result for the second search term and send the search result for the second search term to the mobile terminal when the second search term is a synonym of the first search term. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the computer program executed by the processor to determine the search result for the first search term is executed by the processor to:
query for at least one application resource from an application resource library, wherein a matching degree between a name of each of the at least one application resource and the first search term is greater than a preset matching degree; generate a push sequence for the at least one application resource; and determine the push sequence as the search result for the first search term. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the push sequence comprises resource information and a display order of the at least one application resource, and the resource information at least comprises a name, a size, a number of installations, and popularity of the at least one application resource.. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the computer program executed by the processor to determine the synonym list for the first search term is executed by the processor to:
query a pre-stored synonym library by using the first search term as a query identity, and determine a synonym list containing the first search term as the synonym list for the first search term; or query for search terms from the pre-stored synonym library and establish the synonym list for the first search term according to the search terms, wherein for each of the search terms, a name thereof has n same words as the first search term, and n is greater than or equal to a preset threshold. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, further causes the processor to:
determine whether a name of a new application resource is a synonym of the first search term when the new application resource is added to an application resource library; and add the name of the new application resource to the synonym list for the first search term when the name of the new application resource is a synonym of the first search term. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the computer program executed by the processor to determine whether the second search term is a synonym of the first search term according to the synonym list for the first search term is executed by the processor to:
determine whether the second search term is a term in the synonym list for the first search term; or determine whether a synonym list for the second search term is the same as the synonym list for the first search term, the first search term is a term in the synonym list for the first search term, and the second search term is a term in the synonym list for the second search term.
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A method for downloading application resources and related products are provided. The method includes the following. An application server receives an application resource search request carrying a first search term from a mobile terminal. The application server determines a search result for the first search term and a synonym list for the first search term, and sends the search result for the first search term to the mobile terminal. The application server receives an application resource search request carrying a second search term from the mobile terminal. The application server determines whether the second search term is a synonym of the first search term according to the synonym list. If so, the application server determines the search result for the first search term as a search result for the second search term and sends the search result for the second search term to the mobile terminal.1. A method for processing application resources, applicable to an application server configured to push the application resources to a mobile terminal, the method comprising:
receiving, from the mobile terminal, an application resource search request carrying a first search term; determining a search result for the first search term and a synonym list for the first search term, and sending the search result for the first search term to the mobile terminal; receiving, from the mobile terminal, an application resource search request carrying a second search term; determining whether the second search term is a synonym of the first search term according to the synonym list for the first search term; and determining the search result for the first search term as a search result for the second search term and sending the search result for the second search term to the mobile terminal, based on a determination that the second search term is a synonym of the first search term. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the search result for the first search term comprises:
querying for at least one application resource from an application resource library, wherein a matching degree between a name of each of the at least one application resource and the first search term is greater than a preset matching degree; generating a push sequence for the at least one application resource; and determining the push sequence as the search result for the first search term. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the push sequence comprises resource information and a display order of the at least one application resource, and the resource information at least comprises a name, a size, a number of installations, and popularity of the at least one application resource. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the synonym list for the first search term comprises one of:
querying a pre-stored synonym library by using the first search term as a query identity, and determining a synonym list containing the first search term as the synonym list for the first search term; or querying for search terms from the pre-stored synonym library and establishing the synonym list for the first search term according to the search terms, wherein for each of the search terms, a name thereof has n same words as the first search term, and n is greater than or equal to a preset threshold. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining whether a name of a new application resource is a synonym of the first search term when the new application resource is added to an application resource library; and adding the name of the new application resource to the synonym list for the first search term based on a determination that the name of the new application resource is a synonym of the first search term. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the second search term is a synonym of the first search term according to the synonym list for the first search term comprises one of:
determining whether the second search term is a term in the synonym list for the first search term; or determining whether a synonym list for the second search term is the same as the synonym list for the first search term, wherein the first search term is in the synonym list for the first search term and the second search term is in the synonym list for the second search term. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the search result for the first search term comprises application resources corresponding to synonyms in the synonym list for the first search term. 8. An application server, comprising:
at least one processor; and a computer readable storage, coupled to the at least one processor and storing at least one computer executable instruction thereon which, when executed by the at least one processor, causes the at least one processor to:
receive, from a mobile terminal, an application resource search request carrying a first search term and an application resource search request carrying a second search term;
determine a search result for the first search term and a synonym list for the first search term, and send the search result for the first search term to the mobile terminal;
determine whether the second search term is a synonym of the first search term according to the synonym list for the first search term; and
determine the search result for the first search term as a search result for the second search term and send the search result for the second search term to the mobile terminal when the second search term is a synonym of the first search term. 9. The application server of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor configured to determine the search result for the first search term is configured to:
query for at least one application resource from an application resource library, wherein a matching degree between a name of each of the at least one application resource and the first search term is greater than a preset matching degree; generate a push sequence for the at least one application resource; and determine the push sequence as the search result for the first search term. 10. The application server of claim 9, wherein the push sequence comprises resource information and a display order of the at least one application resource, and the resource information at least comprises a name, a size, a number of installations, and popularity of the at least one application resource. 11. The application server of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor configured to determine the synonym list for the first search term is configured to:
query a pre-stored synonym library by using the first search term as a query identity, and determine a synonym list containing the first search term as the synonym list for the first search term; or query for search terms from the pre-stored synonym library and establish the synonym list for the first search term according to the search terms, wherein for each of the search terms, a name thereof has n same words as the first search term, and n is greater than or equal to a preset threshold. 12. The application server of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:
determine whether a name of a new application resource is a synonym of the first search term when the new application resource is added to an application resource library; and add the name of the new application resource to the synonym list for the first search term when the name of the new application resource is a synonym of the first search term. 13. The application server of claim 8, wherein the at least one processor configured to determine whether the second search term is a synonym of the first search term according to the synonym list for the first search term is configured to:
determine whether the second search term is a term in the synonym list for the first search term; or determine whether a synonym list for the second search term is the same as the synonym list for the first search term, the first search term is a term in the synonym list for the first search term, and the second search term is a term in the synonym list for the second search term. 14. The application server of claim 8, wherein the search result for the first search term comprises application resources corresponding to synonyms in the synonym list for the first search term. 15. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium storing a computer program which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to:
receive, from a mobile terminal, an application resource search request carrying a first search term and an application resource search request carrying a second search term; determine a search result for the first search term and a synonym list for the first search term, and send the search result for the first search term to the mobile terminal; determine whether the second search term is a synonym of the first search term according to the synonym list for the first search term; and determine the search result for the first search term as a search result for the second search term and send the search result for the second search term to the mobile terminal when the second search term is a synonym of the first search term. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the computer program executed by the processor to determine the search result for the first search term is executed by the processor to:
query for at least one application resource from an application resource library, wherein a matching degree between a name of each of the at least one application resource and the first search term is greater than a preset matching degree; generate a push sequence for the at least one application resource; and determine the push sequence as the search result for the first search term. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 16, wherein the push sequence comprises resource information and a display order of the at least one application resource, and the resource information at least comprises a name, a size, a number of installations, and popularity of the at least one application resource.. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the computer program executed by the processor to determine the synonym list for the first search term is executed by the processor to:
query a pre-stored synonym library by using the first search term as a query identity, and determine a synonym list containing the first search term as the synonym list for the first search term; or query for search terms from the pre-stored synonym library and establish the synonym list for the first search term according to the search terms, wherein for each of the search terms, a name thereof has n same words as the first search term, and n is greater than or equal to a preset threshold. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the computer program, when executed by the processor, further causes the processor to:
determine whether a name of a new application resource is a synonym of the first search term when the new application resource is added to an application resource library; and add the name of the new application resource to the synonym list for the first search term when the name of the new application resource is a synonym of the first search term. 20. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 15, wherein the computer program executed by the processor to determine whether the second search term is a synonym of the first search term according to the synonym list for the first search term is executed by the processor to:
determine whether the second search term is a term in the synonym list for the first search term; or determine whether a synonym list for the second search term is the same as the synonym list for the first search term, the first search term is a term in the synonym list for the first search term, and the second search term is a term in the synonym list for the second search term.
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According to various disclosed embodiments, a method for setting a date and time by an electronic device may include: displaying a user interface that includes a plurality of time points arranged at regular intervals along a circumferential direction in an edge area of a substantially circular dial and including a date change point, a first icon positioned at a first point among the plurality of time points, and a second icon positioned at a second point among the plurality of time points; receiving an input for at least one of the first icon and the second icon; displaying movement of the at least one of the first icon and the second icon on the plurality of time points based on the received input; and displaying a date and time corresponding to a movement direction and movement location of the at least one of the first icon and the second icon.
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1. A multifunction electronic device comprising:
a touch-sensitive display;
a memory configured to store executable instructions for inputting, using the touch-sensitive display, time period information; and
one or more processors configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to enable inputting of the time period information by operations comprising:
displaying, on the touch-sensitive display, visual display elements comprising time points and an indicator representing a duration of a time period, the indicator comprising a first icon at one end region of the indicator corresponding to a start time of the time period and a second icon at the other end region of the indicator corresponding to an end time of the time period;
displaying, concurrently with the visual display elements, a numerical value for the start time, a numerical value for the end time and a numerical value for the duration;
based on a first touch input to the first icon for moving the first icon to a first time point, adjusting the start time and duration of the time period, and displaying a numerical value for the start time adjusted by moving the first icon and a numerical value for the duration adjusted by moving the first icon;
based on a second touch input to the second icon for moving the second icon to a second time point, adjusting the end time and duration of the time period, and displaying a numerical value for the end time adjusted by moving the second icon and a numerical value for the duration adjusted by moving the second icon;
based on a third touch input on a line connected between the first icon and the second icon in a clockwise direction, simultaneously rotating the first icon, the line and the second icon in the clockwise direction while maintaining a same duration of the time period; and
based on a fourth touch input on the line connected between the first icon and the second icon in a counterclockwise direction, simultaneously rotating the first icon, the line and the second icon in the counterclockwise direction while maintaining the same duration of the time period,
wherein a first image within the first icon is different from a second image within the second icon. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the time points are arranged along a circumferential direction of a substantially circular dial, the first icon is movable along the circular dial for setting a sleep start time based on the first touch input, and the second icon is movable along the circular dial for setting a sleep end time based on the second touch input. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the sleep start time is settable to a date that is different from a date of the sleep end time by moving one or both of the first icon and the second icon along the circular dial. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the time period is settable within a 24-hour time range. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the time period corresponds to a sleep time period. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the first icon is for setting a sleep start time, and has a preset appearance. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the second icon is for setting a sleep end time, and has a preset appearance. 8. An electronic device comprising:
a touch-sensitive display; a memory configured to store executable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to: display, on the touch-sensitive display, a user interface including a plurality of time points arranged along a circumferential direction of a substantially circular dial, a visual indicator representing a duration of a time period, a first icon at one end region of the visual indicator corresponding to a start time of the time period and a second icon at the other end region of the visual indicator corresponding to an end time of the time period, based on a first touch input to the first icon for moving the first icon to a first time point along the circular dial, adjust the start time and a duration of the time period according to the adjusted start time, wherein a length of the visual indicator changes according to the adjusted duration, based on a second touch input to the second icon for moving the second icon to a second time point along the circular dial, adjust the end time and a duration of the time period according to the adjusted end time, wherein a length of the visual indicator changes according to the adjusted duration, based on a third touch input on a line connected between the first icon and the second icon in a clockwise direction, simultaneously rotate the first icon, the line and the second icon in the clockwise direction while maintaining a same duration of the time period, and based on a fourth touch input on the line connected between the first icon and the second icon in a counterclockwise direction, simultaneously rotate the first icon, the line and the second icon in the counterclockwise direction while maintaining the same duration of the time period, wherein a first image within the first icon is different from a second image within the second icon. 9. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the first icon is movable along the circular dial for setting a sleep start time based on the first touch input, and the second icon is movable along the circular dial for setting a sleep end time based on the second touch input. 10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the sleep start time is settable to a date that is different from a date of the sleep end time by moving one or both of the first icon and the second icon along the circular dial. 11. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the time period is settable within a 24-hour time range. 12. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the time period corresponds to a sleep time period. 13. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the first icon is for setting a sleep start time, and has a preset appearance. 14. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the second icon is for setting a sleep end time, and has a preset appearance. 15. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instructions to display a numerical value of the start time corresponding to a location of the first icon along the circular dial, and a numerical value of the end time corresponding to the location of the second icon along the circular dial, wherein the numerical values of the start time and the end time are changed according to the locations of the first icon and the second icon along the circular dial, respectively. 16. An electronic device, comprising:
a memory storing instructions; a touchscreen display; and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions to: display, on the touchscreen display, a user interface including a plurality of time points, a first icon positionable at a first point among the plurality of time points based on a touch input thereto, and a second icon positionable at a second point among the plurality of time points based on a touch input thereto, receive, via the touchscreen display, an input to at least one of the first icon or the second icon for changing a location of the at least one of the first icon or the second icon, display, on the touchscreen display, a duration time of a time period from a first time corresponding to a first location of the first icon to a second time corresponding to a second location of the second icon, based on a touch input on a line connected between the first icon and the second icon in a clockwise direction, simultaneously rotate the first icon, the line and the second icon in the clockwise direction while maintaining a same duration of the time period, and based on a touch input on the line connected between the first icon and the second icon in a counterclockwise direction, simultaneously rotate the first icon, the line and the second icon in the counterclockwise direction while maintaining the same duration of the time period, wherein a first image within the first icon is different from a second image within the second icon. 17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the plurality of time points are arranged along a circumferential direction of a substantially circular dial, the first icon is movable along the circular dial for setting a sleep start time based on a first touch input, and the second icon is movable along the circular dial for setting a sleep end time based on a second touch input. 18. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein the user interface is configured to enable setting of a date of the sleep start time that is different from a date of the sleep end time by moving one or both of the first icon and the second icon along the circular dial. 19. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the duration time is settable within a 24-hour time range. 20. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the duration time corresponds to a sleep time period. 21. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the first icon is for setting a sleep start time, and has a preset appearance. 22. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the second icon is for setting a sleep end time, and has a preset appearance. 23. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the instructions to display a numerical value for the first time corresponding to the first location of the first icon, and a numerical value of the second time corresponding to the second location of the second icon, wherein the numerical values of the first time and the second time are changed according to the locations of the first icon and the second icon, respectively. 24. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions for inputting time period information to a multifunction electronic device comprising a touch-sensitive display and one or more processors, the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, controlling the electronic device to at least:
display, on the touch-sensitive display, visual display elements comprising time points and an indicator representing a duration of a time period, the indicator comprising a first icon at one end region of the indicator corresponding to a start time of the time period and a second icon at the other end region of the indicator corresponding to an end time of the time period; display, concurrently with the visual display elements, a numerical value for the start time, a numerical value for the end time and a numerical value for the duration; based on a first touch input to the first icon for moving the first icon to a first time point, adjust the start time and duration of the time period, and display a numerical value for the start time adjusted by moving the first icon and a numerical value for the duration adjusted by moving the first icon; based on a second touch input to the second icon for moving the second icon to a second time point, adjust the end time and duration of the time period, and display a numerical value for the end time adjusted by moving the second icon and a numerical value for the duration adjusted by moving the second icon; based on a third touch input on a line connected between the first icon and the second icon in a clockwise direction, simultaneously rotate the first icon, the line and the second icon in the clockwise direction while maintaining a same duration of the time period; and based on a fourth touch input on the line connected between the first icon and the second icon in a counterclockwise direction, simultaneously rotate the first icon, the line and the second icon in the counterclockwise direction while maintaining the same duration of the time period, wherein a first image within the first icon is different from a second image within the second icon.
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According to various disclosed embodiments, a method for setting a date and time by an electronic device may include: displaying a user interface that includes a plurality of time points arranged at regular intervals along a circumferential direction in an edge area of a substantially circular dial and including a date change point, a first icon positioned at a first point among the plurality of time points, and a second icon positioned at a second point among the plurality of time points; receiving an input for at least one of the first icon and the second icon; displaying movement of the at least one of the first icon and the second icon on the plurality of time points based on the received input; and displaying a date and time corresponding to a movement direction and movement location of the at least one of the first icon and the second icon.1. A multifunction electronic device comprising:
a touch-sensitive display;
a memory configured to store executable instructions for inputting, using the touch-sensitive display, time period information; and
one or more processors configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to enable inputting of the time period information by operations comprising:
displaying, on the touch-sensitive display, visual display elements comprising time points and an indicator representing a duration of a time period, the indicator comprising a first icon at one end region of the indicator corresponding to a start time of the time period and a second icon at the other end region of the indicator corresponding to an end time of the time period;
displaying, concurrently with the visual display elements, a numerical value for the start time, a numerical value for the end time and a numerical value for the duration;
based on a first touch input to the first icon for moving the first icon to a first time point, adjusting the start time and duration of the time period, and displaying a numerical value for the start time adjusted by moving the first icon and a numerical value for the duration adjusted by moving the first icon;
based on a second touch input to the second icon for moving the second icon to a second time point, adjusting the end time and duration of the time period, and displaying a numerical value for the end time adjusted by moving the second icon and a numerical value for the duration adjusted by moving the second icon;
based on a third touch input on a line connected between the first icon and the second icon in a clockwise direction, simultaneously rotating the first icon, the line and the second icon in the clockwise direction while maintaining a same duration of the time period; and
based on a fourth touch input on the line connected between the first icon and the second icon in a counterclockwise direction, simultaneously rotating the first icon, the line and the second icon in the counterclockwise direction while maintaining the same duration of the time period,
wherein a first image within the first icon is different from a second image within the second icon. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the time points are arranged along a circumferential direction of a substantially circular dial, the first icon is movable along the circular dial for setting a sleep start time based on the first touch input, and the second icon is movable along the circular dial for setting a sleep end time based on the second touch input. 3. The electronic device of claim 2, wherein the sleep start time is settable to a date that is different from a date of the sleep end time by moving one or both of the first icon and the second icon along the circular dial. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the time period is settable within a 24-hour time range. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the time period corresponds to a sleep time period. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the first icon is for setting a sleep start time, and has a preset appearance. 7. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the second icon is for setting a sleep end time, and has a preset appearance. 8. An electronic device comprising:
a touch-sensitive display; a memory configured to store executable instructions; and a processor configured to execute the instructions stored in the memory to: display, on the touch-sensitive display, a user interface including a plurality of time points arranged along a circumferential direction of a substantially circular dial, a visual indicator representing a duration of a time period, a first icon at one end region of the visual indicator corresponding to a start time of the time period and a second icon at the other end region of the visual indicator corresponding to an end time of the time period, based on a first touch input to the first icon for moving the first icon to a first time point along the circular dial, adjust the start time and a duration of the time period according to the adjusted start time, wherein a length of the visual indicator changes according to the adjusted duration, based on a second touch input to the second icon for moving the second icon to a second time point along the circular dial, adjust the end time and a duration of the time period according to the adjusted end time, wherein a length of the visual indicator changes according to the adjusted duration, based on a third touch input on a line connected between the first icon and the second icon in a clockwise direction, simultaneously rotate the first icon, the line and the second icon in the clockwise direction while maintaining a same duration of the time period, and based on a fourth touch input on the line connected between the first icon and the second icon in a counterclockwise direction, simultaneously rotate the first icon, the line and the second icon in the counterclockwise direction while maintaining the same duration of the time period, wherein a first image within the first icon is different from a second image within the second icon. 9. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the first icon is movable along the circular dial for setting a sleep start time based on the first touch input, and the second icon is movable along the circular dial for setting a sleep end time based on the second touch input. 10. The electronic device of claim 9, wherein the sleep start time is settable to a date that is different from a date of the sleep end time by moving one or both of the first icon and the second icon along the circular dial. 11. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the time period is settable within a 24-hour time range. 12. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the time period corresponds to a sleep time period. 13. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the first icon is for setting a sleep start time, and has a preset appearance. 14. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the second icon is for setting a sleep end time, and has a preset appearance. 15. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the processor is further configured to execute the instructions to display a numerical value of the start time corresponding to a location of the first icon along the circular dial, and a numerical value of the end time corresponding to the location of the second icon along the circular dial, wherein the numerical values of the start time and the end time are changed according to the locations of the first icon and the second icon along the circular dial, respectively. 16. An electronic device, comprising:
a memory storing instructions; a touchscreen display; and one or more processors configured to execute the instructions to: display, on the touchscreen display, a user interface including a plurality of time points, a first icon positionable at a first point among the plurality of time points based on a touch input thereto, and a second icon positionable at a second point among the plurality of time points based on a touch input thereto, receive, via the touchscreen display, an input to at least one of the first icon or the second icon for changing a location of the at least one of the first icon or the second icon, display, on the touchscreen display, a duration time of a time period from a first time corresponding to a first location of the first icon to a second time corresponding to a second location of the second icon, based on a touch input on a line connected between the first icon and the second icon in a clockwise direction, simultaneously rotate the first icon, the line and the second icon in the clockwise direction while maintaining a same duration of the time period, and based on a touch input on the line connected between the first icon and the second icon in a counterclockwise direction, simultaneously rotate the first icon, the line and the second icon in the counterclockwise direction while maintaining the same duration of the time period, wherein a first image within the first icon is different from a second image within the second icon. 17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the plurality of time points are arranged along a circumferential direction of a substantially circular dial, the first icon is movable along the circular dial for setting a sleep start time based on a first touch input, and the second icon is movable along the circular dial for setting a sleep end time based on a second touch input. 18. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein the user interface is configured to enable setting of a date of the sleep start time that is different from a date of the sleep end time by moving one or both of the first icon and the second icon along the circular dial. 19. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the duration time is settable within a 24-hour time range. 20. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the duration time corresponds to a sleep time period. 21. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the first icon is for setting a sleep start time, and has a preset appearance. 22. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the second icon is for setting a sleep end time, and has a preset appearance. 23. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein the one or more processors are configured to execute the instructions to display a numerical value for the first time corresponding to the first location of the first icon, and a numerical value of the second time corresponding to the second location of the second icon, wherein the numerical values of the first time and the second time are changed according to the locations of the first icon and the second icon, respectively. 24. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions for inputting time period information to a multifunction electronic device comprising a touch-sensitive display and one or more processors, the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, controlling the electronic device to at least:
display, on the touch-sensitive display, visual display elements comprising time points and an indicator representing a duration of a time period, the indicator comprising a first icon at one end region of the indicator corresponding to a start time of the time period and a second icon at the other end region of the indicator corresponding to an end time of the time period; display, concurrently with the visual display elements, a numerical value for the start time, a numerical value for the end time and a numerical value for the duration; based on a first touch input to the first icon for moving the first icon to a first time point, adjust the start time and duration of the time period, and display a numerical value for the start time adjusted by moving the first icon and a numerical value for the duration adjusted by moving the first icon; based on a second touch input to the second icon for moving the second icon to a second time point, adjust the end time and duration of the time period, and display a numerical value for the end time adjusted by moving the second icon and a numerical value for the duration adjusted by moving the second icon; based on a third touch input on a line connected between the first icon and the second icon in a clockwise direction, simultaneously rotate the first icon, the line and the second icon in the clockwise direction while maintaining a same duration of the time period; and based on a fourth touch input on the line connected between the first icon and the second icon in a counterclockwise direction, simultaneously rotate the first icon, the line and the second icon in the counterclockwise direction while maintaining the same duration of the time period, wherein a first image within the first icon is different from a second image within the second icon.
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337,983
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Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for autonomous packet duplication and retransmission. One apparatus includes a processor that generates a first PDU for a first uplink grant associated with a first HARQ process and generates a second MAC PDU for a second uplink grant associated with a second HARQ process. Here, the first uplink grant is a configured grant, the second uplink grant has overlapping PUSCH resources with the first uplink grant, and the second uplink grant has a higher priority than the first uplink grant. The apparatus includes a transceiver that transmits the second MAC PDU according to the second uplink grant and does not transmit the first MAC PDU according to the first uplink grant. The processor autonomously triggers a retransmission of the first MAC PDU for the first HARQ process without receiving network signaling for the retransmission.
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1. An apparatus comprising:
a processor that: generates a first medium access control (“MAC”) protocol data unit (“PDU”) for a first uplink grant associated with a first hybrid automatic repeat request (“HARQ”) process, wherein the first uplink grant is a configured grant; and generates a second MAC PDU for a second uplink grant associated with a second HARQ process having overlapping physical uplink shared channel (“PUSCH”) resources with the first uplink grant, wherein the second uplink grant has a higher priority than the first uplink grant; and a transceiver that transmits the second MAC PDU according to the second uplink grant and does not transmit the first MAC PDU according to the first uplink grant, wherein the processor autonomously triggers a retransmission of the first MAC PDU for the first HARQ process without receiving network signaling for the retransmission. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein autonomously triggering the retransmission of the first MAC PDU for the first HARQ process comprises transmitting the first MAC PDU on a subsequent uplink configured grant resource of the first uplink grant on the first HARQ process. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein autonomously triggering the retransmission of the first MAC PDU comprises stopping a timer associated with a HARQ process of the first MAC PDU. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second uplink grant is received later than the first uplink grant. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first HARQ process and the second HARQ process correspond to different HARQ processes. 6. A method comprising:
generating, at a user equipment device (“UE”) a first medium access control (“MAC”) protocol data unit (“PDU”) for a first uplink grant associated with a first hybrid automatic repeat request (“HARQ”) process, wherein the first uplink grant is a configured grant; generating at the user equipment device (“UE”) a second MAC PDU for a second uplink grant associated with a second HARQ process having overlapping physical uplink shared channel (“PUSCH”) resources with the first uplink grant, wherein the second uplink grant has a higher priority than the first uplink grant, transmitting the second MAC PDU according to the second uplink grant and not transmitting the first MAC PDU according to the first uplink grant; and autonomously triggering a retransmission of the first MAC PDU for the first HARQ process, wherein autonomously triggering the retransmission comprises triggering the retransmission without receiving network signaling for the retransmission. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein autonomously triggering the retransmission of the first MAC PDU for the first HARQ process comprises transmitting the first MAC PDU on a subsequent uplink configured grant resource of the first uplink grant on the first HARQ process. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein autonomously triggering the retransmission of the first MAC PDU comprises stopping a timer associated with a HARQ process of the first MAC PDU. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the second uplink grant is received later than the first uplink grant. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the first HARQ process and the second HARQ process correspond to different HARQ processes. 11. An apparatus comprising:
a processor that duplicates an initial packet data convergence protocol (“PDCP”) protocol data unit (“PDU”) prior to detecting a trigger for activating PDCP duplication; and stores the duplicated PDCP PDU in a buffer without transmitting; and a transceiver that transmits the initial PDCP PDU to a recipient; and transmits the duplicated PDCP PDU in response to detecting the trigger for activating PDCP duplication, wherein the processor discards the duplicated PDCP PDU without transmitting in response to receiving a positive acknowledgement (“ACK”) corresponding to the initial PDCP PDU. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the trigger for activating PDCP duplication comprises receiving a predetermined number of negative acknowledgement (“NACK”) from the recipient. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the trigger for activating PDCP duplication comprises receiving downlink control information (“DCI”) scheduling a retransmission of the initial PDCP PDU. 14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the transceiver retransmits the initial PDCP PDU in response to receiving a negative acknowledgement (“NACK”) for the initial PDCP PDU, wherein the initial transmission and the retransmission are sent on a primary logical channel, wherein the duplicated PDCP PDU is sent on a secondary logical channel. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processor submits the duplicated PDCP PDU to a radio link control (“RLC”) entity associated with the secondary logical channel prior to prior to detecting the trigger for activating PDCP duplication. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processor renumbers radio link control (“RLC”) sequence numbers for PDUs in the secondary logical channel in response to discarding the duplicated PDCP PDU. 17. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the apparatus is configured with multiple serving cells, wherein transmitting the initial PDCP PDU comprises transmitting on a first serving cell and wherein transmitting the duplicated PDCP PDU comprises transmitting on a second serving cell different than the first serving cell. 18. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor ignores the duplicated PDCP PDU for buffer status reporting while the trigger for activating PDCP duplication is not detected. 19. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein transmitting the duplicated PDCP PDU comprises transmitting with increased power compared to the initial transmission. 20. A method comprising:
duplicating, at a user equipment device (“UE”), an initial packet data convergence protocol (“PDCP”) protocol data unit (“PDU”) prior to detecting a trigger for activating PDCP duplication; storing the duplicated PDCP PDU in a buffer without transmitting; transmitting the initial PDCP PDU to a recipient; discarding the duplicated PDCP PDU without transmitting in response to receiving a positive acknowledgement (“ACK”) corresponding to the initial PDCP PDU; and transmitting the duplicated PDCP PDU in response to detecting the trigger for activating PDCP duplication.
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Apparatuses, methods, and systems are disclosed for autonomous packet duplication and retransmission. One apparatus includes a processor that generates a first PDU for a first uplink grant associated with a first HARQ process and generates a second MAC PDU for a second uplink grant associated with a second HARQ process. Here, the first uplink grant is a configured grant, the second uplink grant has overlapping PUSCH resources with the first uplink grant, and the second uplink grant has a higher priority than the first uplink grant. The apparatus includes a transceiver that transmits the second MAC PDU according to the second uplink grant and does not transmit the first MAC PDU according to the first uplink grant. The processor autonomously triggers a retransmission of the first MAC PDU for the first HARQ process without receiving network signaling for the retransmission.1. An apparatus comprising:
a processor that: generates a first medium access control (“MAC”) protocol data unit (“PDU”) for a first uplink grant associated with a first hybrid automatic repeat request (“HARQ”) process, wherein the first uplink grant is a configured grant; and generates a second MAC PDU for a second uplink grant associated with a second HARQ process having overlapping physical uplink shared channel (“PUSCH”) resources with the first uplink grant, wherein the second uplink grant has a higher priority than the first uplink grant; and a transceiver that transmits the second MAC PDU according to the second uplink grant and does not transmit the first MAC PDU according to the first uplink grant, wherein the processor autonomously triggers a retransmission of the first MAC PDU for the first HARQ process without receiving network signaling for the retransmission. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein autonomously triggering the retransmission of the first MAC PDU for the first HARQ process comprises transmitting the first MAC PDU on a subsequent uplink configured grant resource of the first uplink grant on the first HARQ process. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein autonomously triggering the retransmission of the first MAC PDU comprises stopping a timer associated with a HARQ process of the first MAC PDU. 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second uplink grant is received later than the first uplink grant. 5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first HARQ process and the second HARQ process correspond to different HARQ processes. 6. A method comprising:
generating, at a user equipment device (“UE”) a first medium access control (“MAC”) protocol data unit (“PDU”) for a first uplink grant associated with a first hybrid automatic repeat request (“HARQ”) process, wherein the first uplink grant is a configured grant; generating at the user equipment device (“UE”) a second MAC PDU for a second uplink grant associated with a second HARQ process having overlapping physical uplink shared channel (“PUSCH”) resources with the first uplink grant, wherein the second uplink grant has a higher priority than the first uplink grant, transmitting the second MAC PDU according to the second uplink grant and not transmitting the first MAC PDU according to the first uplink grant; and autonomously triggering a retransmission of the first MAC PDU for the first HARQ process, wherein autonomously triggering the retransmission comprises triggering the retransmission without receiving network signaling for the retransmission. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein autonomously triggering the retransmission of the first MAC PDU for the first HARQ process comprises transmitting the first MAC PDU on a subsequent uplink configured grant resource of the first uplink grant on the first HARQ process. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein autonomously triggering the retransmission of the first MAC PDU comprises stopping a timer associated with a HARQ process of the first MAC PDU. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the second uplink grant is received later than the first uplink grant. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein the first HARQ process and the second HARQ process correspond to different HARQ processes. 11. An apparatus comprising:
a processor that duplicates an initial packet data convergence protocol (“PDCP”) protocol data unit (“PDU”) prior to detecting a trigger for activating PDCP duplication; and stores the duplicated PDCP PDU in a buffer without transmitting; and a transceiver that transmits the initial PDCP PDU to a recipient; and transmits the duplicated PDCP PDU in response to detecting the trigger for activating PDCP duplication, wherein the processor discards the duplicated PDCP PDU without transmitting in response to receiving a positive acknowledgement (“ACK”) corresponding to the initial PDCP PDU. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the trigger for activating PDCP duplication comprises receiving a predetermined number of negative acknowledgement (“NACK”) from the recipient. 13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the trigger for activating PDCP duplication comprises receiving downlink control information (“DCI”) scheduling a retransmission of the initial PDCP PDU. 14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the transceiver retransmits the initial PDCP PDU in response to receiving a negative acknowledgement (“NACK”) for the initial PDCP PDU, wherein the initial transmission and the retransmission are sent on a primary logical channel, wherein the duplicated PDCP PDU is sent on a secondary logical channel. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processor submits the duplicated PDCP PDU to a radio link control (“RLC”) entity associated with the secondary logical channel prior to prior to detecting the trigger for activating PDCP duplication. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processor renumbers radio link control (“RLC”) sequence numbers for PDUs in the secondary logical channel in response to discarding the duplicated PDCP PDU. 17. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the apparatus is configured with multiple serving cells, wherein transmitting the initial PDCP PDU comprises transmitting on a first serving cell and wherein transmitting the duplicated PDCP PDU comprises transmitting on a second serving cell different than the first serving cell. 18. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processor ignores the duplicated PDCP PDU for buffer status reporting while the trigger for activating PDCP duplication is not detected. 19. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein transmitting the duplicated PDCP PDU comprises transmitting with increased power compared to the initial transmission. 20. A method comprising:
duplicating, at a user equipment device (“UE”), an initial packet data convergence protocol (“PDCP”) protocol data unit (“PDU”) prior to detecting a trigger for activating PDCP duplication; storing the duplicated PDCP PDU in a buffer without transmitting; transmitting the initial PDCP PDU to a recipient; discarding the duplicated PDCP PDU without transmitting in response to receiving a positive acknowledgement (“ACK”) corresponding to the initial PDCP PDU; and transmitting the duplicated PDCP PDU in response to detecting the trigger for activating PDCP duplication.
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337,984
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Embodiments of systems, methods, computer-readable media and article of manufacture related to measuring, analyzing, and sharing golf swing and ball motion characteristics are generally described herein. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.
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1. A method comprising:
utilizing a plurality of sensors comprising a plurality of accelerometers and/or gyroscopes to record in a software application acceleration and movement data of a putter-type golf club before, during, and after a plurality of putter strokes; wherein a putter-type golf club comprises a putter grip, a putter shaft, and a putter head; wherein the plurality of sensors are attached to the putter-type golf club; analyzing the recorded acceleration and movement data of the putter-type golf club to determine at least one of a closing angle, an impact angle, a stroke tempo, an impact lie angle, a shaft lie angle, and a shaft loft angle. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of user and session information is entered into the software application;
wherein the plurality of user and session information is a least one of user handedness, a user handicap, user height, a user wrist to floor distance, a user address stance type, a fitting green speed, and putter shot miss pattern type. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a recommended putter head relative weight recommendation is made from a group consisting of heavier, lighter, counter balanced, or same. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
the stroke tempo is designated as one of the group consisting of: quick, medium, and slow; the stroke tempo is defined by a ratio of a backswing time to a downswing time of a putter stroke; the quick stroke tempo is designated when the ratio is 1.8 or less; the medium stroke tempo is designated when the ratio is greater than 1.8 and less than or equal to 2.2; and the slow stroke tempo is designated when the ratio is greater that 2.2. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
for an equal miss-hit frequency on short and long putts:
when a quick stroke tempo is designated, the recommended putter head relative weight is lighter;
when a medium stroke tempo is designated, the recommended putter head relative weight is selected from the group consisting of: heavy and same; and
when a slow stroke tempo is designated, the recommended putter head relative weight is heavier. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein:
for a higher miss-hit frequency on short putts than long putts:
when a quick stroke tempo is designated, the recommended putter head relative weight is heavier;
when a medium stroke tempo is designated, the recommended putter head relative weight is selected from the group consisting of heavier and counter balanced; and
when a slow stroke tempo is designated, the recommended putter head relative weight is selected from the group consisting of heavier and counter balanced. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein:
for a higher miss-hit frequency on long putts than short putts:
when a quick stroke tempo is designated, the recommended putter head relative weight is selected from the group consisting of lighter and same;
when a medium stroke tempo is designated, the recommended putter head relative weight is lighter; and
when a slow stroke tempo is designated, the recommended putter head relative weight is selected from the group consisting of heavier or same. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of putter strokes comprises three putter strokes. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of putter strokes comprises five putter strokes. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors is located within a portable electronic device and the software application runs on said portable electronic device. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the method further comprises attaching a portable electronic device holder to the putter shaft and securing the portable electronic device into the portable electronic device holder prior to utilizing the plurality of sensors to collect data. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein when a closing angle is determined, a putter stroke arc type is calculated and categorized from a group consisting of a straight stroke arc type, a slight arc stroke type, or a strong arc stroke type. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the putter stroke arc type is used to recommend a putter or a putter configuration. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the closing angle, the impact angle, the stroke tempo, the impact lie angle, and the shaft lie and loft angles of a first putter stroke of the plurality of putter strokes is compared to at least one of the closing angle, the impact angle, the stroke tempo, the impact lie angle, and the shaft the shaft lie and loft angles of a second putter stroke of the plurality of putter strokes. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the software application is configured to display a plurality of function options on a user interface. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the plurality of function options comprises at least a first function option and a second function option; upon selection and use of the first function option, a putter stroke arc type is calculated and categorized from a group consisting of a straight stroke arc type, a slight arc stroke type, or a strong arc stroke type; and upon selection and use of the second function option, a recommended putter head relative weight recommendation is made from a group consisting of heavier, lighter, counter balanced, or same. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the plurality of function options comprises at least a first function option and a second function option; and the plurality of putter strokes is greater within the second function option than the first function option. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the plurality of function options comprises at least a first function option, a second function option, and a third function option; the third function option allows comparison of a first putter stroke of the plurality of putter strokes to a second putter stroke of the plurality of putter strokes.
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Embodiments of systems, methods, computer-readable media and article of manufacture related to measuring, analyzing, and sharing golf swing and ball motion characteristics are generally described herein. Other embodiments may be described and claimed.1. A method comprising:
utilizing a plurality of sensors comprising a plurality of accelerometers and/or gyroscopes to record in a software application acceleration and movement data of a putter-type golf club before, during, and after a plurality of putter strokes; wherein a putter-type golf club comprises a putter grip, a putter shaft, and a putter head; wherein the plurality of sensors are attached to the putter-type golf club; analyzing the recorded acceleration and movement data of the putter-type golf club to determine at least one of a closing angle, an impact angle, a stroke tempo, an impact lie angle, a shaft lie angle, and a shaft loft angle. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a plurality of user and session information is entered into the software application;
wherein the plurality of user and session information is a least one of user handedness, a user handicap, user height, a user wrist to floor distance, a user address stance type, a fitting green speed, and putter shot miss pattern type. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein a recommended putter head relative weight recommendation is made from a group consisting of heavier, lighter, counter balanced, or same. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein:
the stroke tempo is designated as one of the group consisting of: quick, medium, and slow; the stroke tempo is defined by a ratio of a backswing time to a downswing time of a putter stroke; the quick stroke tempo is designated when the ratio is 1.8 or less; the medium stroke tempo is designated when the ratio is greater than 1.8 and less than or equal to 2.2; and the slow stroke tempo is designated when the ratio is greater that 2.2. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein:
for an equal miss-hit frequency on short and long putts:
when a quick stroke tempo is designated, the recommended putter head relative weight is lighter;
when a medium stroke tempo is designated, the recommended putter head relative weight is selected from the group consisting of: heavy and same; and
when a slow stroke tempo is designated, the recommended putter head relative weight is heavier. 6. The method of claim 4, wherein:
for a higher miss-hit frequency on short putts than long putts:
when a quick stroke tempo is designated, the recommended putter head relative weight is heavier;
when a medium stroke tempo is designated, the recommended putter head relative weight is selected from the group consisting of heavier and counter balanced; and
when a slow stroke tempo is designated, the recommended putter head relative weight is selected from the group consisting of heavier and counter balanced. 7. The method of claim 4, wherein:
for a higher miss-hit frequency on long putts than short putts:
when a quick stroke tempo is designated, the recommended putter head relative weight is selected from the group consisting of lighter and same;
when a medium stroke tempo is designated, the recommended putter head relative weight is lighter; and
when a slow stroke tempo is designated, the recommended putter head relative weight is selected from the group consisting of heavier or same. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of putter strokes comprises three putter strokes. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of putter strokes comprises five putter strokes. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors is located within a portable electronic device and the software application runs on said portable electronic device. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the method further comprises attaching a portable electronic device holder to the putter shaft and securing the portable electronic device into the portable electronic device holder prior to utilizing the plurality of sensors to collect data. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein when a closing angle is determined, a putter stroke arc type is calculated and categorized from a group consisting of a straight stroke arc type, a slight arc stroke type, or a strong arc stroke type. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the putter stroke arc type is used to recommend a putter or a putter configuration. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the closing angle, the impact angle, the stroke tempo, the impact lie angle, and the shaft lie and loft angles of a first putter stroke of the plurality of putter strokes is compared to at least one of the closing angle, the impact angle, the stroke tempo, the impact lie angle, and the shaft the shaft lie and loft angles of a second putter stroke of the plurality of putter strokes. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the software application is configured to display a plurality of function options on a user interface. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the plurality of function options comprises at least a first function option and a second function option; upon selection and use of the first function option, a putter stroke arc type is calculated and categorized from a group consisting of a straight stroke arc type, a slight arc stroke type, or a strong arc stroke type; and upon selection and use of the second function option, a recommended putter head relative weight recommendation is made from a group consisting of heavier, lighter, counter balanced, or same. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the plurality of function options comprises at least a first function option and a second function option; and the plurality of putter strokes is greater within the second function option than the first function option. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the plurality of function options comprises at least a first function option, a second function option, and a third function option; the third function option allows comparison of a first putter stroke of the plurality of putter strokes to a second putter stroke of the plurality of putter strokes.
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337,985
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A system, method, and machine-readable storage medium for providing a set of recommended quality of service (QoS) settings are provided. In some embodiments, providing the recommendation includes receiving a set of QoS settings of a volume for a client, a set of measured QoS metrics of the volume for the client, and a measure of load for a slice service corresponding to the volume. Providing the recommendation further includes determining a predicted QoS metric of the volume and a predicted load of the slice service. Providing the recommendation also includes determining, based on the predicted QoS metric, the predicted load, and the set of QoS settings, a set of recommended QoS settings to the client. The set of QoS settings of the volume for the client is then updated with the set of recommended QoS settings.
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1. A method comprising:
receiving a set of quality of service (QoS) settings of a volume for a client, a set of measured QoS metrics of the volume for the client, and a load for a slice service corresponding to the volume; determining, based on one or more workload characteristics of the volume, an application workload type associated with the volume; determining, based on the application workload type, the set of measured QoS metrics of the volume for the client, and the load for the slice service, a predicted QoS metric of the volume and a predicted load of the slice service; determining, based on the predicted QoS metric, the predicted load, and the set of QoS settings, a set of recommended QoS settings to the client; and updating the set of QoS settings of the volume for the client with the set of recommended QoS settings. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of QoS settings includes at least one of a minimum input/output operations per second (IOPS) value assigned to the volume, a maximum IOPS value assigned to the volume, or a burst IOPS value assigned to the volume. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of measured QoS metrics includes IOPS. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the application workload type includes performing time series shape characteristic matching through an unsupervised learning function to identify curve shapes of time series associated with workloads processed on the volume and a set of shapes of time series associated with one or more application workload types. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
tagging the volume based on the application workload type. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, based on the set of measured QoS metrics and a set of trained neural networks associated with the one or more workload characteristics of the volume, the predicted QoS metric of the volume. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, based on the load for the slice service and a set of trained neural networks associated with the one or more workload characteristics, the predicted load of the slice service. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a request from the client to update the set of QoS settings of the volume for the client with the set of recommended QoS settings. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
applying a set of weights to a set of optimal current QoS settings, the set of recommended QoS settings including the set of optimal current QoS settings after the applying the set of weights. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
applying a set of weights to a set of optimal predicted QoS settings, the set of recommended QoS settings including the set of optimal predicted QoS settings after the applying the set of weights. 11. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having stored thereon instructions for performing a method of performing a method of updating a set of QoS settings, comprising machine executable code which when executed by at least one machine, causes the machine to:
receive a set of quality of service (QoS) settings of a volume for a client, a set of measured QoS metrics of the volume for the client, and a load for a slice service corresponding to the volume; determine, based on the load for the slice service and a first set of neural networks trained for the load, a predicted load; determine, based on the set of measured QoS metrics of the volume and a second set of neural networks trained for a target QoS metric, a predicted QoS metric of the volume; determine, based on the predicted QoS metric, the predicted load, and the set of QoS settings, a set of recommended QoS settings to the client; and update the set of QoS settings of the volume for the client with the set of recommended QoS settings. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the set of QoS settings includes at least one of a minimum input/output operations per second (IOPS) value assigned to the volume, a maximum IOPS value assigned to the volume, or a burst IOPS value assigned to the volume. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, further comprising code, which causes the machine to:
determine an application workload type associated with the volume by performing time series shape characteristic matching through an unsupervised learning function to identify curve shapes of time series associated with a workload processed on the volume and a set of shapes of time series associated with the application workload type. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, further comprising code, which causes the machine to:
determine, based on one or more workload characteristics of the volume, an application workload type associated with the volume, wherein the predicted QoS metric of the volume and the predicted load of the slice service is based on the application workload type. 15. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, further comprising code, which causes the machine to:
determine, based on a minimized load that is not greater than the load, a set of optimal current QoS settings and a set of optimal predicted QoS settings, wherein the set of recommended QoS settings includes a weighted set of optimal current QoS settings and a weighted set of optimal predicted QoS settings. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, further comprising code, which causes the machine to:
transform at least one of the set of QoS settings of the volume for the client or the set of measured QoS metrics of the volume for the client into a set of normalized values for determining the predicted QoS metric and the predicted load. 17. A computing device comprising:
a memory containing a machine-readable medium comprising machine executable code having stored thereon instructions for performing a method of updating a set of QoS settings of a volume; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor configured to execute the machine executable code to:
determine, based on one or more workload characteristics of a volume for a client, an application workload type associated with the volume, wherein the volume is assigned a set of quality of service (QoS) settings for a client, the volume is associated with a set of measured QoS metrics for the client, and a slice service corresponding to the volume has a load;
determine, based on the application workload type, the set of measured QoS metrics of the volume for the client, and the load for the slice service, a predicted QoS metric of the volume and a predicted load of the slice service;
determine, based on the predicted QoS metric, the predicted load, and the set of QoS settings, a set of recommended QoS settings to the client; and
update the set of QoS settings of the volume for the client with the set of recommended QoS settings. 18. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the set of QoS settings includes at least one of a minimum input/output operations per second (IOPS) value assigned to the volume, a maximum IOPS value assigned to the volume, or a burst IOPS value assigned to the volume. 19. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the set of measured QoS metrics includes IOPS. 20. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the processor is configured to execute the machine executable code to:
invoking a set of application programming interfaces (APIs) to receive the set of QoS settings of the volume for the client, the set of measured QoS metrics of the volume for the client, and the load.
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A system, method, and machine-readable storage medium for providing a set of recommended quality of service (QoS) settings are provided. In some embodiments, providing the recommendation includes receiving a set of QoS settings of a volume for a client, a set of measured QoS metrics of the volume for the client, and a measure of load for a slice service corresponding to the volume. Providing the recommendation further includes determining a predicted QoS metric of the volume and a predicted load of the slice service. Providing the recommendation also includes determining, based on the predicted QoS metric, the predicted load, and the set of QoS settings, a set of recommended QoS settings to the client. The set of QoS settings of the volume for the client is then updated with the set of recommended QoS settings.1. A method comprising:
receiving a set of quality of service (QoS) settings of a volume for a client, a set of measured QoS metrics of the volume for the client, and a load for a slice service corresponding to the volume; determining, based on one or more workload characteristics of the volume, an application workload type associated with the volume; determining, based on the application workload type, the set of measured QoS metrics of the volume for the client, and the load for the slice service, a predicted QoS metric of the volume and a predicted load of the slice service; determining, based on the predicted QoS metric, the predicted load, and the set of QoS settings, a set of recommended QoS settings to the client; and updating the set of QoS settings of the volume for the client with the set of recommended QoS settings. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of QoS settings includes at least one of a minimum input/output operations per second (IOPS) value assigned to the volume, a maximum IOPS value assigned to the volume, or a burst IOPS value assigned to the volume. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the set of measured QoS metrics includes IOPS. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the application workload type includes performing time series shape characteristic matching through an unsupervised learning function to identify curve shapes of time series associated with workloads processed on the volume and a set of shapes of time series associated with one or more application workload types. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
tagging the volume based on the application workload type. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, based on the set of measured QoS metrics and a set of trained neural networks associated with the one or more workload characteristics of the volume, the predicted QoS metric of the volume. 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
determining, based on the load for the slice service and a set of trained neural networks associated with the one or more workload characteristics, the predicted load of the slice service. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving a request from the client to update the set of QoS settings of the volume for the client with the set of recommended QoS settings. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
applying a set of weights to a set of optimal current QoS settings, the set of recommended QoS settings including the set of optimal current QoS settings after the applying the set of weights. 10. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
applying a set of weights to a set of optimal predicted QoS settings, the set of recommended QoS settings including the set of optimal predicted QoS settings after the applying the set of weights. 11. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having stored thereon instructions for performing a method of performing a method of updating a set of QoS settings, comprising machine executable code which when executed by at least one machine, causes the machine to:
receive a set of quality of service (QoS) settings of a volume for a client, a set of measured QoS metrics of the volume for the client, and a load for a slice service corresponding to the volume; determine, based on the load for the slice service and a first set of neural networks trained for the load, a predicted load; determine, based on the set of measured QoS metrics of the volume and a second set of neural networks trained for a target QoS metric, a predicted QoS metric of the volume; determine, based on the predicted QoS metric, the predicted load, and the set of QoS settings, a set of recommended QoS settings to the client; and update the set of QoS settings of the volume for the client with the set of recommended QoS settings. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, wherein the set of QoS settings includes at least one of a minimum input/output operations per second (IOPS) value assigned to the volume, a maximum IOPS value assigned to the volume, or a burst IOPS value assigned to the volume. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, further comprising code, which causes the machine to:
determine an application workload type associated with the volume by performing time series shape characteristic matching through an unsupervised learning function to identify curve shapes of time series associated with a workload processed on the volume and a set of shapes of time series associated with the application workload type. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, further comprising code, which causes the machine to:
determine, based on one or more workload characteristics of the volume, an application workload type associated with the volume, wherein the predicted QoS metric of the volume and the predicted load of the slice service is based on the application workload type. 15. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, further comprising code, which causes the machine to:
determine, based on a minimized load that is not greater than the load, a set of optimal current QoS settings and a set of optimal predicted QoS settings, wherein the set of recommended QoS settings includes a weighted set of optimal current QoS settings and a weighted set of optimal predicted QoS settings. 16. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 11, further comprising code, which causes the machine to:
transform at least one of the set of QoS settings of the volume for the client or the set of measured QoS metrics of the volume for the client into a set of normalized values for determining the predicted QoS metric and the predicted load. 17. A computing device comprising:
a memory containing a machine-readable medium comprising machine executable code having stored thereon instructions for performing a method of updating a set of QoS settings of a volume; and a processor coupled to the memory, the processor configured to execute the machine executable code to:
determine, based on one or more workload characteristics of a volume for a client, an application workload type associated with the volume, wherein the volume is assigned a set of quality of service (QoS) settings for a client, the volume is associated with a set of measured QoS metrics for the client, and a slice service corresponding to the volume has a load;
determine, based on the application workload type, the set of measured QoS metrics of the volume for the client, and the load for the slice service, a predicted QoS metric of the volume and a predicted load of the slice service;
determine, based on the predicted QoS metric, the predicted load, and the set of QoS settings, a set of recommended QoS settings to the client; and
update the set of QoS settings of the volume for the client with the set of recommended QoS settings. 18. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the set of QoS settings includes at least one of a minimum input/output operations per second (IOPS) value assigned to the volume, a maximum IOPS value assigned to the volume, or a burst IOPS value assigned to the volume. 19. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the set of measured QoS metrics includes IOPS. 20. The computing device of claim 17, wherein the processor is configured to execute the machine executable code to:
invoking a set of application programming interfaces (APIs) to receive the set of QoS settings of the volume for the client, the set of measured QoS metrics of the volume for the client, and the load.
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337,986
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| 3,715
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A system for delivering bone cement into a bone is provided. The system can include a hydraulic system actuatable to deliver a bone cement mixture from a bone cement container, through a cannula and into a bone. The hydraulic system can have more than one pressure relief mechanism for decreasing pressure in the hydraulic system to cease delivery (e.g., substantially instantaneously) of the bone cement into the bone.
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1-10. (canceled) 11. A method for injecting bone cement into a bone, comprising:
inserting at least a distal portion of a cannula percutaneously into a bone; manually actuating a master-slave hydraulic assembly to deliver a bone cement mixture from a bone cement container through the cannula and into the bone; and manually actuating a pressure release mechanism of the hydraulic assembly to reduce pressure in the master-slave hydraulic assembly to cease delivery of bone cement from the cannula substantially instantaneously. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein actuating the pressure release mechanism comprises actuating one or both of a) a bypass valve that causes a decrease of pressure in the hydraulic assembly and causes a slave piston to move proximally within the bone cement container and b) actuating an actuator operably coupled to the master-slave hydraulic assembly to decrease pressure in the hydraulic assembly in a non-incremental manner to cause the slave piston to move proximally. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the master-slave hydraulic assembly comprises:
a distal hydraulic fluid container removably coupled to a proximal end of the bone cement container; a slave piston having a proximal end disposed and slidably movable in the distal hydraulic fluid container and a distal end disposed and slidably movable in the bone cement container, the distal end of the slave piston and a distal end of the bone cement container defining a first chamber configured to hold the bone cement mixture therein and the proximal end of the slave piston and proximal end of the distal hydraulic fluid container defining a second chamber configured to hold a hydraulic fluid therein; a hydraulic line operably coupled to the proximal end of the distal hydraulic fluid container; a proximal hydraulic fluid container removably coupled to and in fluid communication with a proximal end of the hydraulic line, the proximal hydraulic fluid container defining a third chamber configured to hold the hydraulic fluid therein; and an actuator movably coupled to the proximal hydraulic fluid container, the actuator having a master piston and a control mechanism selectively actuatable to move the master piston incrementally within the third chamber or to slidably move the master piston within the third chamber, wherein actuation of the actuator to move the master piston distally in the third chamber causes hydraulic fluid to flow from the third chamber to the second chamber, causing the slave piston to move distally to eject bone cement from the first chamber, through the cannula and into the bone. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the hydraulic line is operably coupled to the proximal end of the distal hydraulic fluid container via a 3-way stopcock valve selectively acutatable to fluidly communicate the hydraulic line with the second chamber or isolate the hydraulic line from the second chamber, and wherein actuation of the actuator to move the master piston distally in the third chamber causes hydraulic fluid to flow from the third chamber to the second chamber when the stopcock valve is positioned to fluidly communicate the hydraulic line with the second chamber. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the actuator comprises a shaft having a surface with a plurality of teeth along a length of the shaft, the teeth configured to engage a threaded bore in a proximal portion of the proximal hydraulic fluid container, wherein the teeth are movable by the control mechanism between a first position where they engage the threaded bore to allow incremental movement of the master piston in the third chamber and a second position where they do not engage the threaded bore to allow non-incremental free sliding movement of the master piston in the third chamber. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein in the first position the master piston is incrementally moved in the third chamber upon rotation of the control mechanism, and wherein in the second position the master piston is freely slid within the third chamber upon translation of the control mechanism. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the control mechanism comprises a ratchet and a pawl. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein in the first position the pawl engages the ratchet to permit incremental changes in pressure upon translation of the control mechanism, and wherein in the second position the pawl disengages the ratchet to permit greater than the incremental changes in pressure upon translation of the control mechanism. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein in the first position the pawl engages the ratchet to permit only incremental increases in pressure in the second chamber. 20. A method for injecting bone cement into a bone, comprising:
inserting at least a distal portion of a cannula percutaneously into a bone; actuating a master-slave hydraulic assembly to deliver a bone cement mixture from a bone cement container through the cannula and into the bone; and actuating a pressure release mechanism of the hydraulic assembly to reduce pressure in the master-slave hydraulic assembly to cease delivery of bone cement from the cannula substantially instantaneously, wherein actuating the pressure release mechanism comprises actuating one or both of a) a bypass valve that causes a decrease of pressure in the hydraulic assembly and causes a slave piston to move proximally within the bone cement container and b) actuating an actuator operably coupled to the master-slave hydraulic assembly to decrease pressure in the hydraulic assembly in a non-incremental manner to cause the slave piston to move proximally. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the master-slave hydraulic assembly comprises:
a distal hydraulic fluid container removably coupled to a proximal end of the bone cement container, the slave piston having a proximal end disposed and slidably movable in the distal hydraulic fluid container and a distal end disposed and slidably movable in the bone cement container, the distal end of the slave piston and a distal end of the bone cement container defining a first chamber configured to hold the bone cement mixture therein and the proximal end of the slave piston and proximal end of the distal hydraulic fluid container defining a second chamber configured to hold a hydraulic fluid therein; a hydraulic line operably coupled to the proximal end of the distal hydraulic fluid container; a proximal hydraulic fluid container removably coupled to and in fluid communication with a proximal end of the hydraulic line, the proximal hydraulic fluid container defining a third chamber configured to hold the hydraulic fluid therein, the actuator movably coupled to the proximal hydraulic fluid container, the actuator having a master piston and a control mechanism selectively actuatable to move the master piston incrementally within the third chamber or to slidably move the master piston within the third chamber, wherein actuation of the actuator to move the master piston distally in the third chamber causes hydraulic fluid to flow from the third chamber to the second chamber, causing the slave piston to move distally to eject bone cement from the first chamber, through the cannula and into the bone. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the hydraulic line is operably coupled to the proximal end of the distal hydraulic fluid container via the bypass valve selectively acutatable to fluidly communicate the hydraulic line with the second chamber or isolate the hydraulic line from the second chamber, and wherein actuation of the actuator to move the master piston distally in the third chamber causes hydraulic fluid to flow from the third chamber to the second chamber when the bypass valve is positioned to fluidly communicate the hydraulic line with the second chamber. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the actuator comprises a shaft having a surface with a plurality of teeth along a length of the shaft, the teeth configured to engage a threaded bore in a proximal portion of the proximal hydraulic fluid container, wherein the teeth are movable by the control mechanism between a first position where they engage the threaded bore to allow incremental movement of the master piston in the third chamber and a second position where they do not engage the threaded bore to allow non-incremental free sliding movement of the master piston in the third chamber. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein in the first position the master piston is incrementally moved in the third chamber upon rotation of the control mechanism, and wherein in the second position the master piston is freely slid within the third chamber upon translation of the control mechanism. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the control mechanism comprises a ratchet and a pawl. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein in the first position the pawl engages the ratchet to permit incremental changes in pressure upon translation of the control mechanism, and wherein in the second position the pawl disengages the ratchet to permit greater than the incremental changes in pressure upon translation of the control mechanism. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein in the first position the pawl engages the ratchet to permit only incremental increases in pressure in the second chamber. 28. A method for injecting bone cement into a bone, comprising:
inserting at least a distal portion of a cannula percutaneously into a bone; actuating a master-slave hydraulic assembly to deliver a bone cement mixture from a bone cement container through the cannula and into the bone, wherein the master-slave hydraulic assembly comprises:
a distal hydraulic fluid container removably coupled to a proximal end of the bone cement container;
a slave piston having a proximal end disposed and slidably movable in the distal hydraulic fluid container and a distal end disposed and slidably movable in the bone cement container, the distal end of the slave piston and a distal end of the bone cement container defining a first chamber configured to hold the bone cement mixture therein and the proximal end of the slave piston and proximal end of the distal hydraulic fluid container defining a second chamber configured to hold a hydraulic fluid therein;
a hydraulic line operably coupled to the proximal end of the distal hydraulic fluid container;
a proximal hydraulic fluid container removably coupled to and in fluid communication with a proximal end of the hydraulic line, the proximal hydraulic fluid container defining a third chamber configured to hold the hydraulic fluid therein; and
an actuator movably coupled to the proximal hydraulic fluid container, the actuator having a master piston and a control mechanism selectively actuatable to move the master piston incrementally within the third chamber or to slidably move the master piston within the third chamber; and
actuating a pressure release mechanism of the hydraulic assembly to reduce pressure in the master-slave hydraulic assembly to cease delivery of bone cement from the cannula substantially instantaneously, wherein actuating the pressure release mechanism comprises actuating one or both of a) a bypass valve that causes a decrease of pressure in the hydraulic assembly and causes the slave piston to move proximally within the bone cement container and b) actuating the actuator to decrease pressure in the hydraulic assembly in a non-incremental manner to cause the slave piston to move proximally. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the hydraulic line is operably coupled to the proximal end of the distal hydraulic fluid container via the bypass valve selectively acutatable to fluidly communicate the hydraulic line with the second chamber or isolate the hydraulic line from the second chamber, and wherein actuation of the actuator to move the master piston distally in the third chamber causes hydraulic fluid to flow from the third chamber to the second chamber when the bypass valve is positioned to fluidly communicate the hydraulic line with the second chamber. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the actuator comprises a shaft having a surface with a plurality of teeth along a length of the shaft, the teeth configured to engage a threaded bore in a proximal portion of the proximal hydraulic fluid container, wherein the teeth are movable by the control mechanism between a first position where they engage the threaded bore to allow incremental movement of the master piston in the third chamber and a second position where they do not engage the threaded bore to allow non-incremental free sliding movement of the master piston in the third chamber.
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A system for delivering bone cement into a bone is provided. The system can include a hydraulic system actuatable to deliver a bone cement mixture from a bone cement container, through a cannula and into a bone. The hydraulic system can have more than one pressure relief mechanism for decreasing pressure in the hydraulic system to cease delivery (e.g., substantially instantaneously) of the bone cement into the bone.1-10. (canceled) 11. A method for injecting bone cement into a bone, comprising:
inserting at least a distal portion of a cannula percutaneously into a bone; manually actuating a master-slave hydraulic assembly to deliver a bone cement mixture from a bone cement container through the cannula and into the bone; and manually actuating a pressure release mechanism of the hydraulic assembly to reduce pressure in the master-slave hydraulic assembly to cease delivery of bone cement from the cannula substantially instantaneously. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein actuating the pressure release mechanism comprises actuating one or both of a) a bypass valve that causes a decrease of pressure in the hydraulic assembly and causes a slave piston to move proximally within the bone cement container and b) actuating an actuator operably coupled to the master-slave hydraulic assembly to decrease pressure in the hydraulic assembly in a non-incremental manner to cause the slave piston to move proximally. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the master-slave hydraulic assembly comprises:
a distal hydraulic fluid container removably coupled to a proximal end of the bone cement container; a slave piston having a proximal end disposed and slidably movable in the distal hydraulic fluid container and a distal end disposed and slidably movable in the bone cement container, the distal end of the slave piston and a distal end of the bone cement container defining a first chamber configured to hold the bone cement mixture therein and the proximal end of the slave piston and proximal end of the distal hydraulic fluid container defining a second chamber configured to hold a hydraulic fluid therein; a hydraulic line operably coupled to the proximal end of the distal hydraulic fluid container; a proximal hydraulic fluid container removably coupled to and in fluid communication with a proximal end of the hydraulic line, the proximal hydraulic fluid container defining a third chamber configured to hold the hydraulic fluid therein; and an actuator movably coupled to the proximal hydraulic fluid container, the actuator having a master piston and a control mechanism selectively actuatable to move the master piston incrementally within the third chamber or to slidably move the master piston within the third chamber, wherein actuation of the actuator to move the master piston distally in the third chamber causes hydraulic fluid to flow from the third chamber to the second chamber, causing the slave piston to move distally to eject bone cement from the first chamber, through the cannula and into the bone. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the hydraulic line is operably coupled to the proximal end of the distal hydraulic fluid container via a 3-way stopcock valve selectively acutatable to fluidly communicate the hydraulic line with the second chamber or isolate the hydraulic line from the second chamber, and wherein actuation of the actuator to move the master piston distally in the third chamber causes hydraulic fluid to flow from the third chamber to the second chamber when the stopcock valve is positioned to fluidly communicate the hydraulic line with the second chamber. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the actuator comprises a shaft having a surface with a plurality of teeth along a length of the shaft, the teeth configured to engage a threaded bore in a proximal portion of the proximal hydraulic fluid container, wherein the teeth are movable by the control mechanism between a first position where they engage the threaded bore to allow incremental movement of the master piston in the third chamber and a second position where they do not engage the threaded bore to allow non-incremental free sliding movement of the master piston in the third chamber. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein in the first position the master piston is incrementally moved in the third chamber upon rotation of the control mechanism, and wherein in the second position the master piston is freely slid within the third chamber upon translation of the control mechanism. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the control mechanism comprises a ratchet and a pawl. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein in the first position the pawl engages the ratchet to permit incremental changes in pressure upon translation of the control mechanism, and wherein in the second position the pawl disengages the ratchet to permit greater than the incremental changes in pressure upon translation of the control mechanism. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein in the first position the pawl engages the ratchet to permit only incremental increases in pressure in the second chamber. 20. A method for injecting bone cement into a bone, comprising:
inserting at least a distal portion of a cannula percutaneously into a bone; actuating a master-slave hydraulic assembly to deliver a bone cement mixture from a bone cement container through the cannula and into the bone; and actuating a pressure release mechanism of the hydraulic assembly to reduce pressure in the master-slave hydraulic assembly to cease delivery of bone cement from the cannula substantially instantaneously, wherein actuating the pressure release mechanism comprises actuating one or both of a) a bypass valve that causes a decrease of pressure in the hydraulic assembly and causes a slave piston to move proximally within the bone cement container and b) actuating an actuator operably coupled to the master-slave hydraulic assembly to decrease pressure in the hydraulic assembly in a non-incremental manner to cause the slave piston to move proximally. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the master-slave hydraulic assembly comprises:
a distal hydraulic fluid container removably coupled to a proximal end of the bone cement container, the slave piston having a proximal end disposed and slidably movable in the distal hydraulic fluid container and a distal end disposed and slidably movable in the bone cement container, the distal end of the slave piston and a distal end of the bone cement container defining a first chamber configured to hold the bone cement mixture therein and the proximal end of the slave piston and proximal end of the distal hydraulic fluid container defining a second chamber configured to hold a hydraulic fluid therein; a hydraulic line operably coupled to the proximal end of the distal hydraulic fluid container; a proximal hydraulic fluid container removably coupled to and in fluid communication with a proximal end of the hydraulic line, the proximal hydraulic fluid container defining a third chamber configured to hold the hydraulic fluid therein, the actuator movably coupled to the proximal hydraulic fluid container, the actuator having a master piston and a control mechanism selectively actuatable to move the master piston incrementally within the third chamber or to slidably move the master piston within the third chamber, wherein actuation of the actuator to move the master piston distally in the third chamber causes hydraulic fluid to flow from the third chamber to the second chamber, causing the slave piston to move distally to eject bone cement from the first chamber, through the cannula and into the bone. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the hydraulic line is operably coupled to the proximal end of the distal hydraulic fluid container via the bypass valve selectively acutatable to fluidly communicate the hydraulic line with the second chamber or isolate the hydraulic line from the second chamber, and wherein actuation of the actuator to move the master piston distally in the third chamber causes hydraulic fluid to flow from the third chamber to the second chamber when the bypass valve is positioned to fluidly communicate the hydraulic line with the second chamber. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the actuator comprises a shaft having a surface with a plurality of teeth along a length of the shaft, the teeth configured to engage a threaded bore in a proximal portion of the proximal hydraulic fluid container, wherein the teeth are movable by the control mechanism between a first position where they engage the threaded bore to allow incremental movement of the master piston in the third chamber and a second position where they do not engage the threaded bore to allow non-incremental free sliding movement of the master piston in the third chamber. 24. The method of claim 23, wherein in the first position the master piston is incrementally moved in the third chamber upon rotation of the control mechanism, and wherein in the second position the master piston is freely slid within the third chamber upon translation of the control mechanism. 25. The method of claim 23, wherein the control mechanism comprises a ratchet and a pawl. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein in the first position the pawl engages the ratchet to permit incremental changes in pressure upon translation of the control mechanism, and wherein in the second position the pawl disengages the ratchet to permit greater than the incremental changes in pressure upon translation of the control mechanism. 27. The method of claim 25, wherein in the first position the pawl engages the ratchet to permit only incremental increases in pressure in the second chamber. 28. A method for injecting bone cement into a bone, comprising:
inserting at least a distal portion of a cannula percutaneously into a bone; actuating a master-slave hydraulic assembly to deliver a bone cement mixture from a bone cement container through the cannula and into the bone, wherein the master-slave hydraulic assembly comprises:
a distal hydraulic fluid container removably coupled to a proximal end of the bone cement container;
a slave piston having a proximal end disposed and slidably movable in the distal hydraulic fluid container and a distal end disposed and slidably movable in the bone cement container, the distal end of the slave piston and a distal end of the bone cement container defining a first chamber configured to hold the bone cement mixture therein and the proximal end of the slave piston and proximal end of the distal hydraulic fluid container defining a second chamber configured to hold a hydraulic fluid therein;
a hydraulic line operably coupled to the proximal end of the distal hydraulic fluid container;
a proximal hydraulic fluid container removably coupled to and in fluid communication with a proximal end of the hydraulic line, the proximal hydraulic fluid container defining a third chamber configured to hold the hydraulic fluid therein; and
an actuator movably coupled to the proximal hydraulic fluid container, the actuator having a master piston and a control mechanism selectively actuatable to move the master piston incrementally within the third chamber or to slidably move the master piston within the third chamber; and
actuating a pressure release mechanism of the hydraulic assembly to reduce pressure in the master-slave hydraulic assembly to cease delivery of bone cement from the cannula substantially instantaneously, wherein actuating the pressure release mechanism comprises actuating one or both of a) a bypass valve that causes a decrease of pressure in the hydraulic assembly and causes the slave piston to move proximally within the bone cement container and b) actuating the actuator to decrease pressure in the hydraulic assembly in a non-incremental manner to cause the slave piston to move proximally. 29. The method of claim 28, wherein the hydraulic line is operably coupled to the proximal end of the distal hydraulic fluid container via the bypass valve selectively acutatable to fluidly communicate the hydraulic line with the second chamber or isolate the hydraulic line from the second chamber, and wherein actuation of the actuator to move the master piston distally in the third chamber causes hydraulic fluid to flow from the third chamber to the second chamber when the bypass valve is positioned to fluidly communicate the hydraulic line with the second chamber. 30. The method of claim 28, wherein the actuator comprises a shaft having a surface with a plurality of teeth along a length of the shaft, the teeth configured to engage a threaded bore in a proximal portion of the proximal hydraulic fluid container, wherein the teeth are movable by the control mechanism between a first position where they engage the threaded bore to allow incremental movement of the master piston in the third chamber and a second position where they do not engage the threaded bore to allow non-incremental free sliding movement of the master piston in the third chamber.
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337,987
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Protective dielectrics are discussed generally herein. In one or more embodiments, a three-dimensional vertical memory may include a protective dielectric material. A device may include an etch stop material, a first control gate (CG) over the etch stop material, a first CG recess adjacent the first CG, a trench adjacent the first CG recess, and an at least partially oxidized polysilicon on at least a portion of the etch stop material. The at least partially oxidized polysilicon may line a sidewall of the trench and may line the first CG recess.
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1. (canceled) 2. A method, comprising:
forming an etch stop material over a substrate; forming alternating conductive tiers and dielectric tiers above the etch stop material; forming a trench extending through the alternating conductive tiers and dielectric tiers to the etch stop material; forming polysilicon extending within the trench and contacting the etch stop material; at least partially oxidizing the polysilicon within the trench; and removing at least a portion of the oxidized polysilicon contacting the etch stop material. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
recessing the conductive tiers relative to the dielectric tiers to form recesses in which the remaining material of the conductive tiers forms respective memory cell control gates, wherein the formed polysilicon extends within the recesses as well as in contact with the etch stop material. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
forming a nitride material on the at least partially oxidized polysilicon; and removing at least a portion of the nitride material to form a nitride structure within the recesses. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the etch stop material comprises a metal oxide. 6. The method of claim 5, where the metal oxide is selected from aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, silver oxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, titanium oxide, copper oxide, and zinc oxide. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein oxidizing the polysilicon within the trench comprises performing an in-situ steam generation oxidation process to oxidize exposed polysilicon within the trench. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the remaining oxidized polysilicon forms at least part of an inter-poly dielectric layer of a memory cell and contacts at least a portion of the etch stop material. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
recessing the conductive tiers relative to the dielectric tiers to form recesses in which the remaining material of the conductive tiers forms respective memory cell control gates; wherein the formed polysilicon extends within the recesses as well as in contact with the etch stop material. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
forming a nitride material on the at least partially oxidized polysilicon; and removing at least a portion of the nitride material to form nitride structures within the recesses, wherein the oxidized polysilicon protects the etch stop layer from damage during the removal of the nitride material. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the etch stop layer is metal oxide and removing at least a portion of the nitride material comprises performing an acid etch. 12. The method of claim 11, where the metal oxide is selected from aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, silver oxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, titanium oxide, copper oxide, and zinc oxide. 13. The method of claim 10 wherein removing at least a portion of the nitride material comprises performing an acid etch. 14. A method, comprising:
forming a metal oxide etch stop material over a substrate; forming alternating conductive tiers and dielectric tiers above the metal oxide etch stop material; forming a trench extending vertically through the alternating conductive tiers and dielectric tiers and at least partially into the etch stop material; horizontally recessing the conductive tiers relative to the dielectric tiers to form recesses in which the remaining material of the conductive tiers forms respective memory cell control gates; forming a layer of polysilicon extending within the trench and contacting exposed etch stop material within the trench, wherein the formed polysilicon extends within the recesses as well as in contact with the etch stop material; at least partially oxidizing the polysilicon within the trench to form a layer of oxidized polysilicon vertically above the exposed etch stop layer; forming a nitride material on the at least partially oxidized polysilicon, wherein the formed nitride material extends within the recesses; removing at least a portion of the nitride material using acid to form a nitride structures within the recesses, wherein the layer of oxidized polysilicon protects the metal oxide etch stop layer from the acid during the removal of the nitride material; and removing at least a portion of the oxidized polysilicon contacting the metal oxide etch stop material and the underlying metal oxide layer to expose the substrate. 15. The method of claim 14 where removing the portion of the nitride material uses a hot phosphoric acid. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the remaining oxidized polysilicon within the recesses and the nitride structures within the recesses form at least part of an inter-poly dielectric layer of a memory cell, and wherein the remaining oxidized polysilicon extends through the trench to contact at least a portion of the etch stop material. 17. The method of claim 14, where the metal oxide is selected from aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, silver oxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, titanium oxide, copper oxide, and zinc oxide. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein oxidizing the polysilicon within the trench comprises performing an in-situ steam generation oxidation process to oxidize exposed polysilicon within the trench.
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Protective dielectrics are discussed generally herein. In one or more embodiments, a three-dimensional vertical memory may include a protective dielectric material. A device may include an etch stop material, a first control gate (CG) over the etch stop material, a first CG recess adjacent the first CG, a trench adjacent the first CG recess, and an at least partially oxidized polysilicon on at least a portion of the etch stop material. The at least partially oxidized polysilicon may line a sidewall of the trench and may line the first CG recess.1. (canceled) 2. A method, comprising:
forming an etch stop material over a substrate; forming alternating conductive tiers and dielectric tiers above the etch stop material; forming a trench extending through the alternating conductive tiers and dielectric tiers to the etch stop material; forming polysilicon extending within the trench and contacting the etch stop material; at least partially oxidizing the polysilicon within the trench; and removing at least a portion of the oxidized polysilicon contacting the etch stop material. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising:
recessing the conductive tiers relative to the dielectric tiers to form recesses in which the remaining material of the conductive tiers forms respective memory cell control gates, wherein the formed polysilicon extends within the recesses as well as in contact with the etch stop material. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
forming a nitride material on the at least partially oxidized polysilicon; and removing at least a portion of the nitride material to form a nitride structure within the recesses. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the etch stop material comprises a metal oxide. 6. The method of claim 5, where the metal oxide is selected from aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, silver oxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, titanium oxide, copper oxide, and zinc oxide. 7. The method of claim 2, wherein oxidizing the polysilicon within the trench comprises performing an in-situ steam generation oxidation process to oxidize exposed polysilicon within the trench. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein the remaining oxidized polysilicon forms at least part of an inter-poly dielectric layer of a memory cell and contacts at least a portion of the etch stop material. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
recessing the conductive tiers relative to the dielectric tiers to form recesses in which the remaining material of the conductive tiers forms respective memory cell control gates; wherein the formed polysilicon extends within the recesses as well as in contact with the etch stop material. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
forming a nitride material on the at least partially oxidized polysilicon; and removing at least a portion of the nitride material to form nitride structures within the recesses, wherein the oxidized polysilicon protects the etch stop layer from damage during the removal of the nitride material. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the etch stop layer is metal oxide and removing at least a portion of the nitride material comprises performing an acid etch. 12. The method of claim 11, where the metal oxide is selected from aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, silver oxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, titanium oxide, copper oxide, and zinc oxide. 13. The method of claim 10 wherein removing at least a portion of the nitride material comprises performing an acid etch. 14. A method, comprising:
forming a metal oxide etch stop material over a substrate; forming alternating conductive tiers and dielectric tiers above the metal oxide etch stop material; forming a trench extending vertically through the alternating conductive tiers and dielectric tiers and at least partially into the etch stop material; horizontally recessing the conductive tiers relative to the dielectric tiers to form recesses in which the remaining material of the conductive tiers forms respective memory cell control gates; forming a layer of polysilicon extending within the trench and contacting exposed etch stop material within the trench, wherein the formed polysilicon extends within the recesses as well as in contact with the etch stop material; at least partially oxidizing the polysilicon within the trench to form a layer of oxidized polysilicon vertically above the exposed etch stop layer; forming a nitride material on the at least partially oxidized polysilicon, wherein the formed nitride material extends within the recesses; removing at least a portion of the nitride material using acid to form a nitride structures within the recesses, wherein the layer of oxidized polysilicon protects the metal oxide etch stop layer from the acid during the removal of the nitride material; and removing at least a portion of the oxidized polysilicon contacting the metal oxide etch stop material and the underlying metal oxide layer to expose the substrate. 15. The method of claim 14 where removing the portion of the nitride material uses a hot phosphoric acid. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the remaining oxidized polysilicon within the recesses and the nitride structures within the recesses form at least part of an inter-poly dielectric layer of a memory cell, and wherein the remaining oxidized polysilicon extends through the trench to contact at least a portion of the etch stop material. 17. The method of claim 14, where the metal oxide is selected from aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, silver oxide, iron oxide, chromium oxide, titanium oxide, copper oxide, and zinc oxide. 18. The method of claim 14, wherein oxidizing the polysilicon within the trench comprises performing an in-situ steam generation oxidation process to oxidize exposed polysilicon within the trench.
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Described herein are anti-PCSK9 antibody crystals, methods of making such antibody crystals and formulations comprising the antibody crystals.
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1. A crystal of an anti-PCSK9 IgG antibody comprising a light chain complementarity region (CDR) of the CDRL1 sequence in SEQ ID NO:9, a CDRL2 of the CDRL2 sequence in SEQ ID NO:9, and a CDRL3 of the CDRL3 sequence in SEQ ID NO:9, and a heavy chain complementarity determining region (CDR) of the CDRH1 sequence in SEQ ID NO:5, a CDRH2 of the CDRH2 sequence in SEQ ID NO:5, and a CDRH3 of the CDRH3 sequence in SEQ ID NO:5. 2. The crystal of claim 1, wherein the anti-PCSK9 IgG antibody comprises a light chain variable region that is at least 90% identical to that of SEQ ID NO:9 or SEQ ID NO:11 and a heavy chain variable region that is at least 90% identical to that of SEQ ID NO:5 or SEQ ID NO:7. 3. The crystal of claim 2, wherein the anti-PCSK9 IgG antibody comprises a light chain variable region having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:9 or SEQ ID NO:11 and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5 or SEQ ID NO:7. 4. The crystal of claim 1, wherein the crystal has a length of about 100 μM to about 500 μM. 5. The crystal of claim 1 wherein the crystal has a shape selected from the group consisting of hexagonal rods and blocks. 6. The crystal of claim 1, wherein the crystal comprises a salt selected from the group consisting of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, di-potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate, potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, tacsimate, sodium citrate dihydrate, sodium acetate trihydrate, di-ammonium tartrate, sodium malonate, acetate, calcium acetate, cacodylate, CHES, lithium sulfate, magnesium chloride, zinc acetate, cesium chloride, ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium fluoride, potassium iodide, sodium idodide, ammonium iodide, sodium thiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate, sodium formate, potassium formate and ammonium formate. 7. A method of making a crystal of antibody 21B12 comprising combining a solution of antibody 21B12 with a crystallization reagent comprising a salt selected from the group consisting of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, di-potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate, potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, tacsimate, sodium citrate dihydrate, sodium acetate trihydrate, di-ammonium tartrate, sodium malonate, acetate, calcium acetate, cacodylate, CHES, lithium sulfate, magnesium chloride, zin acetate, cesium chloride, ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium fluoride, potassium iodide, sodium idodide, ammonium iodide, sodium thiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate, sodium formate, potassium formate and ammonium formate optionally at pH of about 6 to about 8. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the concentration of salt in the crystallization buffer is from about 0.1M to about 10M. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the crystallization buffer further comprises 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol (MPD) or polyethylene glycol (PEG). 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the MPD is present at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 50%. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the PEG has a molecular weight of about 400 kDa to about 20,000 kDa. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the PEG is present at a concentration of 0.1% to about 50%. 13. The method of claim 7, further comprising removing at least a portion of the crystallization buffer after crystals have formed. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the portion of crystallization buffer is removed by centrifugation. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the crystals are placed in a solution containing an organic additive. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising the addition of an excipient to the solution. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the excipient is selected from the group consisting of sucrose, trehalose, and sorbitol. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the organic additive is ethanol or isopropanol. 19. The method of claim 7, further comprising drying crystals that have formed. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the crystals are dried by exposure to air, or by exposure to a vacuum, or by exposure to nitrogen gas. 21. A 21B120 antibody crystal produced by the method of claim 7. 22. A crystalline formulation of antibody 21B12. 23. A liquid crystalline formulation of antibody 21B12 at a protein concentration of 100 mg/ml or greater. 24. The crystalline formulation of claim 22, wherein the crystal comprises a salt selected from the group consisting of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, di-potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate, potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, tacsimate, sodium citrate dihydrate, sodium di-hydrogen phosphate, sodium acetate trihydrate, di-ammonium tartrate, sodium malonate, acetate, calcium acetate, cacodylate, CHES, lithium sulfate, magnesium chloride, zin acetate, cesium chloride, ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium fluoride, potassium iodide, sodium idodide, ammonium iodide, sodium thiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate, sodium formate, potassium formate and ammonium formate. 25. The crystalline formulation of claim 24, wherein the crystals have a length of about 20 μm to about 1 mm and a morphology selected from the group consisting of hexagonal rod shapes, block shapes or a mixture thereof. 26. The crystalline formulation of claim 22 comprising a crystal of any one of claims 1-6. 27. The crystalline formulation of claim 22 comprising at least 20% PEG3350 precipitant. 28. The crystalline formulation of claim 27, wherein the osmolality of the formulation ranges from about 180 to about 420 mOsm/kg. 29. A container comprising at least 100 to about 450 mg or more of 21B12 crystals for reconstitution in a volume of 0.5-2 mL. 30. A container comprising 21B12 crystalline formulation at a concentration of at least 100 mg/ml. 31. The container of any one of claims 29-30, wherein the container is a vial, syringe or injection device. 32. A method of reconstituting the crystalline formulation of claim 22, comprising contacting the powder with about 0.5-2 mL of sterile diluent. 33. A method of lowering serum LDL cholesterol or treating a disorder associated with increased levels of serum LDL cholesterol in a mammalian subject comprising administering the crystal or crystalline formulation of any of the preceding claims in an amount effective to lower serum LDL cholesterol levels in the subject as compared to a predose serum LDL cholesterol level.
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Described herein are anti-PCSK9 antibody crystals, methods of making such antibody crystals and formulations comprising the antibody crystals.1. A crystal of an anti-PCSK9 IgG antibody comprising a light chain complementarity region (CDR) of the CDRL1 sequence in SEQ ID NO:9, a CDRL2 of the CDRL2 sequence in SEQ ID NO:9, and a CDRL3 of the CDRL3 sequence in SEQ ID NO:9, and a heavy chain complementarity determining region (CDR) of the CDRH1 sequence in SEQ ID NO:5, a CDRH2 of the CDRH2 sequence in SEQ ID NO:5, and a CDRH3 of the CDRH3 sequence in SEQ ID NO:5. 2. The crystal of claim 1, wherein the anti-PCSK9 IgG antibody comprises a light chain variable region that is at least 90% identical to that of SEQ ID NO:9 or SEQ ID NO:11 and a heavy chain variable region that is at least 90% identical to that of SEQ ID NO:5 or SEQ ID NO:7. 3. The crystal of claim 2, wherein the anti-PCSK9 IgG antibody comprises a light chain variable region having the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:9 or SEQ ID NO:11 and a heavy chain variable region comprising the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO:5 or SEQ ID NO:7. 4. The crystal of claim 1, wherein the crystal has a length of about 100 μM to about 500 μM. 5. The crystal of claim 1 wherein the crystal has a shape selected from the group consisting of hexagonal rods and blocks. 6. The crystal of claim 1, wherein the crystal comprises a salt selected from the group consisting of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, di-potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate, potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, tacsimate, sodium citrate dihydrate, sodium acetate trihydrate, di-ammonium tartrate, sodium malonate, acetate, calcium acetate, cacodylate, CHES, lithium sulfate, magnesium chloride, zinc acetate, cesium chloride, ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium fluoride, potassium iodide, sodium idodide, ammonium iodide, sodium thiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate, sodium formate, potassium formate and ammonium formate. 7. A method of making a crystal of antibody 21B12 comprising combining a solution of antibody 21B12 with a crystallization reagent comprising a salt selected from the group consisting of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, di-potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate, potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, tacsimate, sodium citrate dihydrate, sodium acetate trihydrate, di-ammonium tartrate, sodium malonate, acetate, calcium acetate, cacodylate, CHES, lithium sulfate, magnesium chloride, zin acetate, cesium chloride, ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium fluoride, potassium iodide, sodium idodide, ammonium iodide, sodium thiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate, sodium formate, potassium formate and ammonium formate optionally at pH of about 6 to about 8. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the concentration of salt in the crystallization buffer is from about 0.1M to about 10M. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the crystallization buffer further comprises 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol (MPD) or polyethylene glycol (PEG). 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the MPD is present at a concentration of about 0.1% to about 50%. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the PEG has a molecular weight of about 400 kDa to about 20,000 kDa. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the PEG is present at a concentration of 0.1% to about 50%. 13. The method of claim 7, further comprising removing at least a portion of the crystallization buffer after crystals have formed. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the portion of crystallization buffer is removed by centrifugation. 15. The method of claim 13, wherein the crystals are placed in a solution containing an organic additive. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising the addition of an excipient to the solution. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the excipient is selected from the group consisting of sucrose, trehalose, and sorbitol. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the organic additive is ethanol or isopropanol. 19. The method of claim 7, further comprising drying crystals that have formed. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the crystals are dried by exposure to air, or by exposure to a vacuum, or by exposure to nitrogen gas. 21. A 21B120 antibody crystal produced by the method of claim 7. 22. A crystalline formulation of antibody 21B12. 23. A liquid crystalline formulation of antibody 21B12 at a protein concentration of 100 mg/ml or greater. 24. The crystalline formulation of claim 22, wherein the crystal comprises a salt selected from the group consisting of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, di-potassium hydrogen phosphate, sodium chloride, ammonium sulfate, potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, tacsimate, sodium citrate dihydrate, sodium di-hydrogen phosphate, sodium acetate trihydrate, di-ammonium tartrate, sodium malonate, acetate, calcium acetate, cacodylate, CHES, lithium sulfate, magnesium chloride, zin acetate, cesium chloride, ammonium phosphate, sodium phosphate, potassium phosphate, sodium fluoride, potassium iodide, sodium idodide, ammonium iodide, sodium thiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate, sodium formate, potassium formate and ammonium formate. 25. The crystalline formulation of claim 24, wherein the crystals have a length of about 20 μm to about 1 mm and a morphology selected from the group consisting of hexagonal rod shapes, block shapes or a mixture thereof. 26. The crystalline formulation of claim 22 comprising a crystal of any one of claims 1-6. 27. The crystalline formulation of claim 22 comprising at least 20% PEG3350 precipitant. 28. The crystalline formulation of claim 27, wherein the osmolality of the formulation ranges from about 180 to about 420 mOsm/kg. 29. A container comprising at least 100 to about 450 mg or more of 21B12 crystals for reconstitution in a volume of 0.5-2 mL. 30. A container comprising 21B12 crystalline formulation at a concentration of at least 100 mg/ml. 31. The container of any one of claims 29-30, wherein the container is a vial, syringe or injection device. 32. A method of reconstituting the crystalline formulation of claim 22, comprising contacting the powder with about 0.5-2 mL of sterile diluent. 33. A method of lowering serum LDL cholesterol or treating a disorder associated with increased levels of serum LDL cholesterol in a mammalian subject comprising administering the crystal or crystalline formulation of any of the preceding claims in an amount effective to lower serum LDL cholesterol levels in the subject as compared to a predose serum LDL cholesterol level.
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Systems, remote servers, devices, and methods for an intelligent augmented reality (IAR) platform-based communications are disclosed. During a communication, real-time audio, video and/or sensor data are captured in real-time; and scene analysis and data analytics are also performed in real-time to extract information from raw data. The extracted information can be further analyzed to provide knowledge. Real-time AR data can be generated by integrating the raw data, AR input data, information input, and knowledge input, based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, an integration parameter, a characteristic of an object or a scene of the raw data, an interactive user control, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, information and knowledge can be obtained by incorporating Big Data in the analysis.
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1. A method for providing real-time augmented reality (AR) data, the method comprising:
receiving, in real-time at a remote server, a stream of visual data: generating the real-time AR data by integrating the stream of received visual data, AR input data, information input, and knowledge input, based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, an integration parameter, a characteristic of an object or a scene of the stream of visual data, an interactive user control, or a combination thereof, wherein:
the information input comprises a real time extracted portion of the stream of visual data, extracted in real-time as the stream of visual data is being received, at a plurality of time points based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, an integration parameter, a characteristic of an object or a scene of the stream of visual data, an interactive user control, or a combination thereof;
the knowledge input is learned cumulatively based on the information extracted from the visual data at the plurality of time points and a user's behavior learned from the real-time extracted portion of the visual data;
the real-time AR data comprise information data corresponding to the information input, the received visual data, and knowledge data corresponding to the knowledge input; and
representing at least a portion of the information data or knowledge data of the real-time AR data, including replacing a background image data by AR data based on the information data or knowledge data, with a plurality sets of data parameters, wherein each set of data parameters comprises text, one or more codes, one or more numbers, one or more matrixes, one or more images, one or more audio signals, one or more sensor signals: or combinations thereof, wherein said representing comprising making a personalized decision based on the learned knowledge input. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
removing unwanted data from the stream of visual data or a variant thereof, the unwanted data comprising unwanted environment scene data, data that are determined to be irrelevant based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, a characteristic of an object or scene from the stream of visual data, selected data from which information has been extracted, selected information from which knowledge has been learned, or a combination thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one set of data parameters representing the at least a portion of the information data or the knowledge data is of a different type from the data parameters in the stream of visual data that correspond to the information input or the knowledge input. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more criteria for extracting the information input further comprises at least one criterion based on big data. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the knowledge input is learned based on the information extracted at the plurality of time points based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, a characteristic of an object or scene from the stream of visual data, an integration parameter, an interactive user control, at least one criterion based on big data, or a combination thereof. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selectively compressing at least a portion of the real-time AR data. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the stream of visual data is received at the remote server from another remote server. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein, the receiving step further comprises:
receiving, in real-time at the remote server, existing AR-data from the other remote server, the existing AR-data comprising existing information data and existing knowledge data. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the existing information data and existing knowledge data are used to integrate the stream of visual data to render a reconstructed variant of the stream of visual data. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
extracting the information input based on the reconstructed variant of the stream of visual data at the plurality of time points based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, at least one criterion based on big data, the existing information data, or a combination thereof. 11. A system for providing real-time augmented reality (AR) data, the system comprising:
one or more processors; and a nontransitory computer readable medium, the nontransitory computer-readable medium including one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: receiving, in real-time at a remote server, a stream of visual data: generating the real-time AR data by integrating the stream of received visual data. AR input data, information input, and knowledge input, based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, an integration parameter, a characteristic of an object or a scene of the stream of visual data, an interactive user control, or a combination thereof, wherein:
the information input is extracted in real-time from the stream of visual data at a plurality of time points based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, an integration parameter, a characteristic of an object or a scene of the stream of visual data, an interactive user control, or a combination thereof,
the knowledge input is learned cumulatively based on the information extracted from the visual data at the plurality of time points and a user's behavior learned from the real-time extracted portion of the visual data, and
the real-time AR data comprise information data corresponding to the information input, the received visual data, and knowledge data corresponding to the knowledge input: and
representing at least a portion of the information data or knowledge data of the real-time AR data, including replacing a background image data by AR data based on the information data or knowledge data, with a plurality sets of data parameters, wherein each set of data parameters comprises text, one or more codes, one or more numbers, one or more matrixes, one or more images, one or more audio signals, one or more sensor signals: or combinations thereof, wherein said representing comprising making a personalized decision based on the learned knowledge input. 12. The system of claim 11, further comprising:
a data input and output component comprises a microphone, a camera or video capturing device, a display, a sensor, or a combination thereof. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the camera or video capturing device comprises a 2D camera, a 3D camera. a 4D camera, a color camera, a near infrared camera, an infrared camera, a thermal camera, a multi-spectra camera, a hyperspectral camera, or a combination thereof. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one set of data parameters representing the at least a portion of the information data or the knowledge data is of a different type from the data parameters in the stream of visual data that correspond to the information input or the knowledge input. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more criteria for extracting the information input further comprises at least one criterion based on big data. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise: selectively compressing at least a portion of the real-time AR data. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the stream of visual data is received at the remote server from another remote server. 18. A non-transitory computer-readable medium including one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving, in real-time at a remote server, a stream of visual data: generating the real-time AR data by integrating the stream of received visual data. AR input data, information input, and knowledge input, based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, an integration parameter, a characteristic of an object or a scene of the stream of visual data, an interactive user control, or a combination thereof, wherein:
the information input comprises a real time extracted portion of the stream of visual data, extracted in real-time as the stream of visual data is being received, at a plurality of time points based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, an integration parameter, a characteristic of an object or a scene of the stream of visual data, an interactive user control, or a combination thereof,
the knowledge input is learned cumulatively based on the information extracted from the visual data at the plurality of time points and a user's behavior learned from the real-time extracted portion of the visual data,
the real-time AR data comprise information data corresponding to the information input, the received visual data, and knowledge data corresponding to the knowledge input: and
representing at least a portion of the information data or knowledge data of the real-time AR data, including replacing a background image data by AR data based on the information data or knowledge data, with a plurality sets of data parameters, wherein each set of data parameters comprises text, one or more codes, one or more numbers, one or more matrixes, one or more images, one or more audio signals, one or more sensor signals, or combinations thereof, wherein said representing comprising making a personalized decision based on the learned knowledge input. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, further comprising:
removing unwanted data from the stream of visual data or a variant thereof, the unwanted data comprising unwanted environment scene data, data that are determined to be irrelevant based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, a characteristic of an object or scene from the stream of visual data, selected data from which information has been extracted, selected information from which knowledge has been learned, or a combination thereof. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the at least one set of data parameters representing the at least a portion of the information data or the knowledge data is of a different type from the data parameters in the stream of visual data that correspond to the information input or the knowledge input. 21. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the one or more criteria for extracting the information input further comprises at least one criterion based on big data. 22. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the knowledge input is learned based on information extracted at multiple time points based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, a characteristic of an object or scene from the stream of visual data, an integration parameter, an interactive user control, at least one criterion based on big data, or a combination thereof. 23. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, further comprising:
selectively compressing at least a portion of the real-time AR data. 24. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the stream of visual data is received at the remote server from another remote server. 25. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 24, wherein, the receiving step further comprises:
receiving, in real-time at the remote server, existing AR-data from the other remote server, the existing AR-data comprising existing information data and existing knowledge data. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the existing information data and existing knowledge data are used to integrate the stream of visual data to render a reconstructed variant of the stream of visual data. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
extracting the information input based on the reconstructed variant of the stream of visual data at the one or more time points based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, at least one criterion based on big data, the existing information data, or a combination thereof.
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Systems, remote servers, devices, and methods for an intelligent augmented reality (IAR) platform-based communications are disclosed. During a communication, real-time audio, video and/or sensor data are captured in real-time; and scene analysis and data analytics are also performed in real-time to extract information from raw data. The extracted information can be further analyzed to provide knowledge. Real-time AR data can be generated by integrating the raw data, AR input data, information input, and knowledge input, based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, an integration parameter, a characteristic of an object or a scene of the raw data, an interactive user control, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, information and knowledge can be obtained by incorporating Big Data in the analysis.1. A method for providing real-time augmented reality (AR) data, the method comprising:
receiving, in real-time at a remote server, a stream of visual data: generating the real-time AR data by integrating the stream of received visual data, AR input data, information input, and knowledge input, based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, an integration parameter, a characteristic of an object or a scene of the stream of visual data, an interactive user control, or a combination thereof, wherein:
the information input comprises a real time extracted portion of the stream of visual data, extracted in real-time as the stream of visual data is being received, at a plurality of time points based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, an integration parameter, a characteristic of an object or a scene of the stream of visual data, an interactive user control, or a combination thereof;
the knowledge input is learned cumulatively based on the information extracted from the visual data at the plurality of time points and a user's behavior learned from the real-time extracted portion of the visual data;
the real-time AR data comprise information data corresponding to the information input, the received visual data, and knowledge data corresponding to the knowledge input; and
representing at least a portion of the information data or knowledge data of the real-time AR data, including replacing a background image data by AR data based on the information data or knowledge data, with a plurality sets of data parameters, wherein each set of data parameters comprises text, one or more codes, one or more numbers, one or more matrixes, one or more images, one or more audio signals, one or more sensor signals: or combinations thereof, wherein said representing comprising making a personalized decision based on the learned knowledge input. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
removing unwanted data from the stream of visual data or a variant thereof, the unwanted data comprising unwanted environment scene data, data that are determined to be irrelevant based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, a characteristic of an object or scene from the stream of visual data, selected data from which information has been extracted, selected information from which knowledge has been learned, or a combination thereof. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one set of data parameters representing the at least a portion of the information data or the knowledge data is of a different type from the data parameters in the stream of visual data that correspond to the information input or the knowledge input. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more criteria for extracting the information input further comprises at least one criterion based on big data. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the knowledge input is learned based on the information extracted at the plurality of time points based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, a characteristic of an object or scene from the stream of visual data, an integration parameter, an interactive user control, at least one criterion based on big data, or a combination thereof. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selectively compressing at least a portion of the real-time AR data. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the stream of visual data is received at the remote server from another remote server. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein, the receiving step further comprises:
receiving, in real-time at the remote server, existing AR-data from the other remote server, the existing AR-data comprising existing information data and existing knowledge data. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the existing information data and existing knowledge data are used to integrate the stream of visual data to render a reconstructed variant of the stream of visual data. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
extracting the information input based on the reconstructed variant of the stream of visual data at the plurality of time points based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, at least one criterion based on big data, the existing information data, or a combination thereof. 11. A system for providing real-time augmented reality (AR) data, the system comprising:
one or more processors; and a nontransitory computer readable medium, the nontransitory computer-readable medium including one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising: receiving, in real-time at a remote server, a stream of visual data: generating the real-time AR data by integrating the stream of received visual data. AR input data, information input, and knowledge input, based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, an integration parameter, a characteristic of an object or a scene of the stream of visual data, an interactive user control, or a combination thereof, wherein:
the information input is extracted in real-time from the stream of visual data at a plurality of time points based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, an integration parameter, a characteristic of an object or a scene of the stream of visual data, an interactive user control, or a combination thereof,
the knowledge input is learned cumulatively based on the information extracted from the visual data at the plurality of time points and a user's behavior learned from the real-time extracted portion of the visual data, and
the real-time AR data comprise information data corresponding to the information input, the received visual data, and knowledge data corresponding to the knowledge input: and
representing at least a portion of the information data or knowledge data of the real-time AR data, including replacing a background image data by AR data based on the information data or knowledge data, with a plurality sets of data parameters, wherein each set of data parameters comprises text, one or more codes, one or more numbers, one or more matrixes, one or more images, one or more audio signals, one or more sensor signals: or combinations thereof, wherein said representing comprising making a personalized decision based on the learned knowledge input. 12. The system of claim 11, further comprising:
a data input and output component comprises a microphone, a camera or video capturing device, a display, a sensor, or a combination thereof. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the camera or video capturing device comprises a 2D camera, a 3D camera. a 4D camera, a color camera, a near infrared camera, an infrared camera, a thermal camera, a multi-spectra camera, a hyperspectral camera, or a combination thereof. 14. The system of claim 11, wherein the at least one set of data parameters representing the at least a portion of the information data or the knowledge data is of a different type from the data parameters in the stream of visual data that correspond to the information input or the knowledge input. 15. The system of claim 11, wherein the one or more criteria for extracting the information input further comprises at least one criterion based on big data. 16. The system of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise: selectively compressing at least a portion of the real-time AR data. 17. The system of claim 11, wherein the stream of visual data is received at the remote server from another remote server. 18. A non-transitory computer-readable medium including one or more sequences of instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the processors to perform operations comprising:
receiving, in real-time at a remote server, a stream of visual data: generating the real-time AR data by integrating the stream of received visual data. AR input data, information input, and knowledge input, based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, an integration parameter, a characteristic of an object or a scene of the stream of visual data, an interactive user control, or a combination thereof, wherein:
the information input comprises a real time extracted portion of the stream of visual data, extracted in real-time as the stream of visual data is being received, at a plurality of time points based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, an integration parameter, a characteristic of an object or a scene of the stream of visual data, an interactive user control, or a combination thereof,
the knowledge input is learned cumulatively based on the information extracted from the visual data at the plurality of time points and a user's behavior learned from the real-time extracted portion of the visual data,
the real-time AR data comprise information data corresponding to the information input, the received visual data, and knowledge data corresponding to the knowledge input: and
representing at least a portion of the information data or knowledge data of the real-time AR data, including replacing a background image data by AR data based on the information data or knowledge data, with a plurality sets of data parameters, wherein each set of data parameters comprises text, one or more codes, one or more numbers, one or more matrixes, one or more images, one or more audio signals, one or more sensor signals, or combinations thereof, wherein said representing comprising making a personalized decision based on the learned knowledge input. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, further comprising:
removing unwanted data from the stream of visual data or a variant thereof, the unwanted data comprising unwanted environment scene data, data that are determined to be irrelevant based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, a characteristic of an object or scene from the stream of visual data, selected data from which information has been extracted, selected information from which knowledge has been learned, or a combination thereof. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the at least one set of data parameters representing the at least a portion of the information data or the knowledge data is of a different type from the data parameters in the stream of visual data that correspond to the information input or the knowledge input. 21. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the one or more criteria for extracting the information input further comprises at least one criterion based on big data. 22. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the knowledge input is learned based on information extracted at multiple time points based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, a characteristic of an object or scene from the stream of visual data, an integration parameter, an interactive user control, at least one criterion based on big data, or a combination thereof. 23. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, further comprising:
selectively compressing at least a portion of the real-time AR data. 24. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, wherein the stream of visual data is received at the remote server from another remote server. 25. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 24, wherein, the receiving step further comprises:
receiving, in real-time at the remote server, existing AR-data from the other remote server, the existing AR-data comprising existing information data and existing knowledge data. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the existing information data and existing knowledge data are used to integrate the stream of visual data to render a reconstructed variant of the stream of visual data. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising:
extracting the information input based on the reconstructed variant of the stream of visual data at the one or more time points based on one or more criteria comprising a user preference, a system setting, at least one criterion based on big data, the existing information data, or a combination thereof.
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337,990
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An instrument for processing a biological sample includes a chassis. Connected to the chassis is a tape path along which a tape with a matrix of wells can be automatically advanced through the instrument, a dispensing assembly for dispensing the biological sample and a reagent into the matrix of wells of the tape to form a biological sample and reagent mixture, a sealing assembly for sealing the biological sample and reagent mixture in the tape, and an amplification and detection assembly for detecting a signal from the biological sample and reagent mixture in the matrix of wells in the tape.
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1. A dispensing assembly comprising:
a gantry with an x-axis track and a y-axis track, the y-axis track of the gantry configured to move along the x-axis track of the gantry; a dispensing head attached to the y-axis track of the gantry below the y-axis track of the gantry, the dispensing head comprising: a contact dispensing unit; and a non-contact dispensing unit with a jet tip for dispensing a liquid; a dispensing enclosure attached to the y-axis track of the gantry on top of the y-axis track of the gantry, the dispensing enclosure having a pressure reservoir; and a tube connecting the jet tip of the non-contact dispensing unit to the pressure reservoir of the dispensing enclosure; wherein the contact dispensing unit is attached to the y-axis track of the gantry with a first z-axis track; and wherein the non-contact dispensing unit is attached to the contact dispensing unit with a second z-axis track. 2. The dispensing assembly of claim 1, wherein the dispensing head and the dispensing enclosure are configured to move simultaneously along the x-axis track and y-axis track of the gantry to minimize relative motion between the dispensing enclosure and the jet tip. 3. The dispensing assembly of claim 1, wherein the contact dispensing unit comprises a pipette tip. 4. The dispensing assembly of claim 1, wherein the contact dispensing unit comprises a plurality of pipette tips. 5. The dispensing assembly of claim 1, wherein the dispensing enclosure further comprises a metering pump for pressurizing the pressure reservoir to provide a constant pressure for dispensing. 6. The dispensing assembly of claim 1, wherein the non-contact dispensing unit comprises a plurality of jet tips. 7. The dispensing assembly of claim 6, wherein the second z-axis track comprises a plurality of independent z-axis tracks, each of the plurality of jet tips attached to one of the plurality of independent z-axis tracks. 8. A method of operating a dispensing assembly, the method comprising:
moving a dispensing head along an x-axis track and a y-axis track of a gantry into a first aspiration position; aspirating a first liquid with at least one pipette tip of a contact dispensing unit of the dispensing head; moving the dispensing head along the x-axis track and the y-axis track of the gantry into a second aspiration position; aspirating a second liquid with at least one jet tip of a non-contact dispensing unit of the dispensing head; moving the dispensing head along the x-axis track and the y-axis track of the gantry into a first dispensing position; dispensing the first liquid into at least one well of a tape with a matrix of wells with the at least one pipette tip of the contact dispensing unit; moving the dispensing head along the x-axis track and the y-axis track of the gantry into a second dispensing position; and dispensing the second liquid into at least one well of the tape with a matrix of wells with the at least one jet tip of the non-contact dispensing unit; wherein the contact dispensing unit of the dispensing head extends and retracts along a first z-axis track, the first z-axis track connected to the y-axis track of the gantry; and wherein the non-contact dispensing unit of the dispensing head extends and retracts along a second z-axis track connected to the contact dispensing unit. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the y-axis track of the gantry is connected to and moves along the x-axis track of the gantry. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein dispensing the second liquid includes pressurizing the at least one jet tip and opening at least one valve connected to the at least one jet tip to release pressure in the at least one jet tip to force the second liquid out of the at least one jet tip.
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An instrument for processing a biological sample includes a chassis. Connected to the chassis is a tape path along which a tape with a matrix of wells can be automatically advanced through the instrument, a dispensing assembly for dispensing the biological sample and a reagent into the matrix of wells of the tape to form a biological sample and reagent mixture, a sealing assembly for sealing the biological sample and reagent mixture in the tape, and an amplification and detection assembly for detecting a signal from the biological sample and reagent mixture in the matrix of wells in the tape.1. A dispensing assembly comprising:
a gantry with an x-axis track and a y-axis track, the y-axis track of the gantry configured to move along the x-axis track of the gantry; a dispensing head attached to the y-axis track of the gantry below the y-axis track of the gantry, the dispensing head comprising: a contact dispensing unit; and a non-contact dispensing unit with a jet tip for dispensing a liquid; a dispensing enclosure attached to the y-axis track of the gantry on top of the y-axis track of the gantry, the dispensing enclosure having a pressure reservoir; and a tube connecting the jet tip of the non-contact dispensing unit to the pressure reservoir of the dispensing enclosure; wherein the contact dispensing unit is attached to the y-axis track of the gantry with a first z-axis track; and wherein the non-contact dispensing unit is attached to the contact dispensing unit with a second z-axis track. 2. The dispensing assembly of claim 1, wherein the dispensing head and the dispensing enclosure are configured to move simultaneously along the x-axis track and y-axis track of the gantry to minimize relative motion between the dispensing enclosure and the jet tip. 3. The dispensing assembly of claim 1, wherein the contact dispensing unit comprises a pipette tip. 4. The dispensing assembly of claim 1, wherein the contact dispensing unit comprises a plurality of pipette tips. 5. The dispensing assembly of claim 1, wherein the dispensing enclosure further comprises a metering pump for pressurizing the pressure reservoir to provide a constant pressure for dispensing. 6. The dispensing assembly of claim 1, wherein the non-contact dispensing unit comprises a plurality of jet tips. 7. The dispensing assembly of claim 6, wherein the second z-axis track comprises a plurality of independent z-axis tracks, each of the plurality of jet tips attached to one of the plurality of independent z-axis tracks. 8. A method of operating a dispensing assembly, the method comprising:
moving a dispensing head along an x-axis track and a y-axis track of a gantry into a first aspiration position; aspirating a first liquid with at least one pipette tip of a contact dispensing unit of the dispensing head; moving the dispensing head along the x-axis track and the y-axis track of the gantry into a second aspiration position; aspirating a second liquid with at least one jet tip of a non-contact dispensing unit of the dispensing head; moving the dispensing head along the x-axis track and the y-axis track of the gantry into a first dispensing position; dispensing the first liquid into at least one well of a tape with a matrix of wells with the at least one pipette tip of the contact dispensing unit; moving the dispensing head along the x-axis track and the y-axis track of the gantry into a second dispensing position; and dispensing the second liquid into at least one well of the tape with a matrix of wells with the at least one jet tip of the non-contact dispensing unit; wherein the contact dispensing unit of the dispensing head extends and retracts along a first z-axis track, the first z-axis track connected to the y-axis track of the gantry; and wherein the non-contact dispensing unit of the dispensing head extends and retracts along a second z-axis track connected to the contact dispensing unit. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the y-axis track of the gantry is connected to and moves along the x-axis track of the gantry. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein dispensing the second liquid includes pressurizing the at least one jet tip and opening at least one valve connected to the at least one jet tip to release pressure in the at least one jet tip to force the second liquid out of the at least one jet tip.
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337,991
| 16,799,643
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A control apparatus includes a processor and a memory storing a program that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to acquire at least one of movement information related to a movement status of a device having a step motor or environment information related to an environment where the device is located, and select one of a plurality of control modes to control the step motor according to the at least one of the movement information or the environment information. The plurality of control modes includes a first control mode and a second control mode. In the second control mode, a number of steps is less than that in the first control mode, and a force to keep a rotor of the step motor at a position is smaller than that in the first control mode or a power consumption is less than that in the first control mode.
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1. A control apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing a program that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to:
acquire at least one of movement information related to a movement status of a device having a step motor or environment information related to an environment where the device is located; and
select one of a plurality of control modes to control the step motor according to the at least one of the movement information or the environment information;
wherein:
the plurality of control modes include a first control mode and a second control mode;
a number of steps of the second control mode is less than a number of steps of the first control mode; and
a force to keep a rotor of the step motor at a position in the second control mode is smaller than a force to keep the rotor at the position in the first control mode, or a power consumption of the second control mode is less than a power consumption of the first control mode. 2. The control apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the movement information includes information related to at least one of an acceleration of the device or a speed of the device; and the program further causes the processor to control the step motor with the first control mode in response to the acceleration of the device being smaller than a predetermined acceleration or the speed of the device being slower than a predetermined speed. 3. The control apparatus of claim 2, wherein the program further causes the processor to control the step motor with the second control mode in response to the acceleration of the device being greater than the predetermined acceleration or the speed of the device being faster than the predetermined speed. 4. The control apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the environment information includes information related to at least one of an altitude of the device, a temperature around the device, or a humidity around the device; and the program further causes the processor to control the step motor with the first control mode in response to the altitude of the device being higher than a predetermined altitude, the temperature around the device being lower than a predetermined temperature, or the humidity around the device being lower than a predetermined humidity. 5. The control apparatus of claim 4, wherein the program further causes the processor to control the step motor with the second control mode in response to the temperature around the device being higher than the predetermined temperature or the humidity around the device being higher than the predetermined humidity. 6. The control apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the device is carried by a mobile body; the movement information includes information related to at least one of an acceleration of the mobile body or a speed of the mobile body; and the program further causes the processor to control the step motor with the first control mode in response to the acceleration of the mobile body being smaller than a predetermined acceleration or the speed of the mobile body being slower than a predetermined speed. 7. The control apparatus of claim 6, wherein the program further causes the processor to control the step motor with the second control mode in response to the acceleration of the mobile body being greater than the predetermined acceleration or the speed of the mobile body being faster than the predetermined speed. 8. The control apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the device is carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); and the program further causes the processor to control the step motor with the first control mode in response to the UAV being in hovering status. 9. The control apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the device is a photographing device; and the program further causes the processor to control the step motor to:
acquire setting information related to photographing setting contents of the photographing device; and
select one of the plurality of control modes according to the setting information. 10. The control apparatus of claim 9, wherein the photographing device further includes an optical component driven by the step motor. 11. The control apparatus of claim 10, wherein the optical component includes at least one of a focusing lens, a zoom lens, an aperture, a shutter, a filter, or a vibration correction mechanism. 12. The control apparatus of claim 9, wherein:
the device is carried by a mobile body; the movement information includes information related to at least one of an acceleration of the mobile body or a speed of the mobile body, and the environment information includes information related to at least one of an altitude of the mobile body, a temperature around the mobile body, or a humidity around the mobile body; and the program further causes the processor to:
control the step motor with the first control mode in response to:
a photographing condition based on the at least one of the movement information, the environment information, or the setting information satisfying a predetermined photographing condition, and
a drive condition of the step motor based on the at least one of the movement information or the environment information satisfying a predetermined drive condition; and control the step motor with the second control mode in response to the photographing condition not satisfying the predetermined photographing condition. 13. The control apparatus of claim 12, wherein the program further causes the processor to:
determine that the photographing condition satisfies the predetermined photographing condition in response to:
an angle between a moving direction of the mobile body and a photographing direction of the photographing device being within a predetermined angle range, or
the photographing device performing photographing while the speed of the mobile body being slower than a first speed; and
determining that the drive condition satisfies the predetermined drive condition in response to:
the acceleration of the mobile body being smaller than a predetermined acceleration,
the speed of the mobile body being slower than a second speed faster than the first speed,
the temperature around the mobile body being lower than a predetermined temperature, or
the humidity around the mobile body being lower than a predetermined humidity. 14. The control apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the number of steps of the first control mode is greater than eight; and the number of steps of the second control mode is smaller than eight. 15. The control apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the first control mode is a micro-step mode; and the second control mode is a one-phase excitation mode, a two-phase excitation mode, or a one-two-phase excitation mode. 16. A photographing device comprising:
the controller of claim 1; the step motor; and an optical component configured to be driven by the step motor. 17. A mobile body comprising the photographing device of claim 16. 18. The mobile body of claim 17, further comprising:
a support mechanism configured to rotatably support the photographing device. 19. A control method comprising:
acquiring at least one of movement information related to a movement status of a device having a step motor or environment information related to an environment where the device is located; and selecting one of a plurality of control modes to control the step motor according to the at least one of the movement information or the environment information; wherein:
the plurality of control modes include a first control mode and a second control mode;
a number of steps of the second control mode is less than a number of steps of the first control mode; and
a force to keep a rotor of the step motor at a position in the second control mode is smaller than a force to keep the rotor at the position in the first control mode, or a power consumption of the second control mode is less than a power consumption of the first control mode. 20. The control method of claim 19, further comprising:
controlling the step motor with the first control mode in response to an acceleration of the device being smaller than a predetermined acceleration or a speed of the device being slower than a predetermined speed, wherein the movement information includes information related to at least one of the acceleration of the device or the speed of the device.
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A control apparatus includes a processor and a memory storing a program that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to acquire at least one of movement information related to a movement status of a device having a step motor or environment information related to an environment where the device is located, and select one of a plurality of control modes to control the step motor according to the at least one of the movement information or the environment information. The plurality of control modes includes a first control mode and a second control mode. In the second control mode, a number of steps is less than that in the first control mode, and a force to keep a rotor of the step motor at a position is smaller than that in the first control mode or a power consumption is less than that in the first control mode.1. A control apparatus comprising:
a processor; and a memory storing a program that, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to:
acquire at least one of movement information related to a movement status of a device having a step motor or environment information related to an environment where the device is located; and
select one of a plurality of control modes to control the step motor according to the at least one of the movement information or the environment information;
wherein:
the plurality of control modes include a first control mode and a second control mode;
a number of steps of the second control mode is less than a number of steps of the first control mode; and
a force to keep a rotor of the step motor at a position in the second control mode is smaller than a force to keep the rotor at the position in the first control mode, or a power consumption of the second control mode is less than a power consumption of the first control mode. 2. The control apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the movement information includes information related to at least one of an acceleration of the device or a speed of the device; and the program further causes the processor to control the step motor with the first control mode in response to the acceleration of the device being smaller than a predetermined acceleration or the speed of the device being slower than a predetermined speed. 3. The control apparatus of claim 2, wherein the program further causes the processor to control the step motor with the second control mode in response to the acceleration of the device being greater than the predetermined acceleration or the speed of the device being faster than the predetermined speed. 4. The control apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the environment information includes information related to at least one of an altitude of the device, a temperature around the device, or a humidity around the device; and the program further causes the processor to control the step motor with the first control mode in response to the altitude of the device being higher than a predetermined altitude, the temperature around the device being lower than a predetermined temperature, or the humidity around the device being lower than a predetermined humidity. 5. The control apparatus of claim 4, wherein the program further causes the processor to control the step motor with the second control mode in response to the temperature around the device being higher than the predetermined temperature or the humidity around the device being higher than the predetermined humidity. 6. The control apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the device is carried by a mobile body; the movement information includes information related to at least one of an acceleration of the mobile body or a speed of the mobile body; and the program further causes the processor to control the step motor with the first control mode in response to the acceleration of the mobile body being smaller than a predetermined acceleration or the speed of the mobile body being slower than a predetermined speed. 7. The control apparatus of claim 6, wherein the program further causes the processor to control the step motor with the second control mode in response to the acceleration of the mobile body being greater than the predetermined acceleration or the speed of the mobile body being faster than the predetermined speed. 8. The control apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the device is carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); and the program further causes the processor to control the step motor with the first control mode in response to the UAV being in hovering status. 9. The control apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the device is a photographing device; and the program further causes the processor to control the step motor to:
acquire setting information related to photographing setting contents of the photographing device; and
select one of the plurality of control modes according to the setting information. 10. The control apparatus of claim 9, wherein the photographing device further includes an optical component driven by the step motor. 11. The control apparatus of claim 10, wherein the optical component includes at least one of a focusing lens, a zoom lens, an aperture, a shutter, a filter, or a vibration correction mechanism. 12. The control apparatus of claim 9, wherein:
the device is carried by a mobile body; the movement information includes information related to at least one of an acceleration of the mobile body or a speed of the mobile body, and the environment information includes information related to at least one of an altitude of the mobile body, a temperature around the mobile body, or a humidity around the mobile body; and the program further causes the processor to:
control the step motor with the first control mode in response to:
a photographing condition based on the at least one of the movement information, the environment information, or the setting information satisfying a predetermined photographing condition, and
a drive condition of the step motor based on the at least one of the movement information or the environment information satisfying a predetermined drive condition; and control the step motor with the second control mode in response to the photographing condition not satisfying the predetermined photographing condition. 13. The control apparatus of claim 12, wherein the program further causes the processor to:
determine that the photographing condition satisfies the predetermined photographing condition in response to:
an angle between a moving direction of the mobile body and a photographing direction of the photographing device being within a predetermined angle range, or
the photographing device performing photographing while the speed of the mobile body being slower than a first speed; and
determining that the drive condition satisfies the predetermined drive condition in response to:
the acceleration of the mobile body being smaller than a predetermined acceleration,
the speed of the mobile body being slower than a second speed faster than the first speed,
the temperature around the mobile body being lower than a predetermined temperature, or
the humidity around the mobile body being lower than a predetermined humidity. 14. The control apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the number of steps of the first control mode is greater than eight; and the number of steps of the second control mode is smaller than eight. 15. The control apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the first control mode is a micro-step mode; and the second control mode is a one-phase excitation mode, a two-phase excitation mode, or a one-two-phase excitation mode. 16. A photographing device comprising:
the controller of claim 1; the step motor; and an optical component configured to be driven by the step motor. 17. A mobile body comprising the photographing device of claim 16. 18. The mobile body of claim 17, further comprising:
a support mechanism configured to rotatably support the photographing device. 19. A control method comprising:
acquiring at least one of movement information related to a movement status of a device having a step motor or environment information related to an environment where the device is located; and selecting one of a plurality of control modes to control the step motor according to the at least one of the movement information or the environment information; wherein:
the plurality of control modes include a first control mode and a second control mode;
a number of steps of the second control mode is less than a number of steps of the first control mode; and
a force to keep a rotor of the step motor at a position in the second control mode is smaller than a force to keep the rotor at the position in the first control mode, or a power consumption of the second control mode is less than a power consumption of the first control mode. 20. The control method of claim 19, further comprising:
controlling the step motor with the first control mode in response to an acceleration of the device being smaller than a predetermined acceleration or a speed of the device being slower than a predetermined speed, wherein the movement information includes information related to at least one of the acceleration of the device or the speed of the device.
| 2,600
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337,992
| 16,799,607
| 2,612
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A display assembly includes a light source, a spatial light modulator (SLM) and a grating. The light source is configured to emit illumination light, the SLM is configured to receive the illumination light and reflect at least a portion of the illumination light. The grating is positioned to redirect the illumination light output from the light source toward the SLM, receive at least a portion of the reflected light from the SLM, redirect first light having a first polarization toward the light source, and transmit through the grating second light having a second polarization that is orthogonal to the first polarization. Also disclosed are operations performed by the display assembly.
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1. A display assembly, comprising:
a light source configured to emit illumination light; a reflective spatial light modulator configured to receive the illumination light and reflect at least a portion of the illumination light; and a grating positioned to:
redirect the illumination light output from the light source toward the reflective spatial light modulator;
receive at least a portion of the reflected light from the reflective spatial light modulator;
redirect first light having a first polarization toward the light source; and
transmit second light having a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization through the grating. 2. The display assembly of claim 1, wherein an optical surface of the grating is non-parallel and non-perpendicular to a surface of the reflective spatial light modulator. 3. The display assembly of claim 1, further comprising a transparent optical element having a first surface and a second surface that is non-parallel to the first surface and parallel to a surface of the reflective spatial light modulator, and the grating is disposed on the first surface of the transparent optical element. 4. The display assembly of claim 3, wherein:
the transparent optical element is disposed between the grating and the reflective spatial light modulator; the transparent optical element has a refractive index that is different from a refractive index of air; and the first surface of the transparent optical element forms an angle with the surface of the reflective spatial light modulator. 5. The display assembly of claim 1, further comprising an absorptive polarizer disposed between the light source and the grating and configured to transmit illumination light having the first polarization. 6. The display assembly of claim 1, further comprising an output assembly configured to receive the second light output from the grating, wherein the grating is disposed between the reflective spatial light modulator and the output assembly. 7. The display assembly of claim 6, further comprising a polarizer configured to transmit the second light having the second polarization. 8. The display assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the reflective spatial light modulator includes a plurality of pixels; and a respective pixel of the plurality of pixels is individually activatable. 9. The display assembly of claim 1, wherein the reflective spatial light modulator includes a reflective surface, a quarter wave plate, and a layer of optically anisotropic molecules disposed between the reflective surface and the quarter wave plate. 10. The display assembly of claim 1, wherein the reflective spatial light modulator is a liquid crystal optical on silicon display. 11. A method, comprising:
receiving illumination light at a grating; redirecting, with the grating, the illumination light toward a reflective spatial light modulator; receiving, at the reflective spatial light modulator, the illumination light redirected by the grating; providing, by the reflective spatial light modulator, first light having a first polarization and second light having a second polarization that is orthogonal to the first polarization; receiving the first light and the second light at the grating; directing, with the grating, the first light toward a first direction; and directing, with the grating, the second light toward a second direction that is different from the first direction. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
outputting initial light from a light source; receiving the initial light at an absorptive polarizer; and transmitting, through the absorptive polarizer, at least a portion of the initial light having the first polarization as the illumination light. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
outputting the illumination light from a light source, wherein the grating is disposed between the light source and the reflective spatial light modulator. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving, at a polarizer, the second light transmitted through the grating; and transmitting, through the polarizer, the second light having the second polarization. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving the second light at an output assembly. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the reflective spatial light modulator includes a plurality of pixels; providing the first light includes reflecting, at a first pixel of the plurality of pixels, at least a portion of the illumination light as the first light while the first pixel is in a first state; and providing the second light includes reflecting, at a second pixel of the plurality of pixels, at least a portion of the illumination light as the second light while the second pixel is in a second state different from the first state. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein an optical surface of the grating is non-parallel and non-perpendicular to a surface of the reflective spatial light modulator. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the grating is disposed on a first surface of a transparent optical element; and the transparent optical element has a second surface that is non-parallel to the first surface and parallel to a surface of the reflective spatial light modulator. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein:
the transparent optical element is disposed between the grating and the reflective spatial light modulator; the transparent optical element has a refractive index that is different from a refractive index of air; the first surface of the transparent optical element forms an acute angle with the surface of the reflective spatial light modulator; and each of the first direction and the second direction is determined at least in part by the refractive index of the transparent optical element and the angle between the first surface of the transparent optical element and the surface of the reflective spatial light modulator. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the reflective spatial light modulator includes a reflective surface and a layer of optically anisotropic molecules disposed over the reflective surface.
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A display assembly includes a light source, a spatial light modulator (SLM) and a grating. The light source is configured to emit illumination light, the SLM is configured to receive the illumination light and reflect at least a portion of the illumination light. The grating is positioned to redirect the illumination light output from the light source toward the SLM, receive at least a portion of the reflected light from the SLM, redirect first light having a first polarization toward the light source, and transmit through the grating second light having a second polarization that is orthogonal to the first polarization. Also disclosed are operations performed by the display assembly.1. A display assembly, comprising:
a light source configured to emit illumination light; a reflective spatial light modulator configured to receive the illumination light and reflect at least a portion of the illumination light; and a grating positioned to:
redirect the illumination light output from the light source toward the reflective spatial light modulator;
receive at least a portion of the reflected light from the reflective spatial light modulator;
redirect first light having a first polarization toward the light source; and
transmit second light having a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization through the grating. 2. The display assembly of claim 1, wherein an optical surface of the grating is non-parallel and non-perpendicular to a surface of the reflective spatial light modulator. 3. The display assembly of claim 1, further comprising a transparent optical element having a first surface and a second surface that is non-parallel to the first surface and parallel to a surface of the reflective spatial light modulator, and the grating is disposed on the first surface of the transparent optical element. 4. The display assembly of claim 3, wherein:
the transparent optical element is disposed between the grating and the reflective spatial light modulator; the transparent optical element has a refractive index that is different from a refractive index of air; and the first surface of the transparent optical element forms an angle with the surface of the reflective spatial light modulator. 5. The display assembly of claim 1, further comprising an absorptive polarizer disposed between the light source and the grating and configured to transmit illumination light having the first polarization. 6. The display assembly of claim 1, further comprising an output assembly configured to receive the second light output from the grating, wherein the grating is disposed between the reflective spatial light modulator and the output assembly. 7. The display assembly of claim 6, further comprising a polarizer configured to transmit the second light having the second polarization. 8. The display assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the reflective spatial light modulator includes a plurality of pixels; and a respective pixel of the plurality of pixels is individually activatable. 9. The display assembly of claim 1, wherein the reflective spatial light modulator includes a reflective surface, a quarter wave plate, and a layer of optically anisotropic molecules disposed between the reflective surface and the quarter wave plate. 10. The display assembly of claim 1, wherein the reflective spatial light modulator is a liquid crystal optical on silicon display. 11. A method, comprising:
receiving illumination light at a grating; redirecting, with the grating, the illumination light toward a reflective spatial light modulator; receiving, at the reflective spatial light modulator, the illumination light redirected by the grating; providing, by the reflective spatial light modulator, first light having a first polarization and second light having a second polarization that is orthogonal to the first polarization; receiving the first light and the second light at the grating; directing, with the grating, the first light toward a first direction; and directing, with the grating, the second light toward a second direction that is different from the first direction. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
outputting initial light from a light source; receiving the initial light at an absorptive polarizer; and transmitting, through the absorptive polarizer, at least a portion of the initial light having the first polarization as the illumination light. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
outputting the illumination light from a light source, wherein the grating is disposed between the light source and the reflective spatial light modulator. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving, at a polarizer, the second light transmitted through the grating; and transmitting, through the polarizer, the second light having the second polarization. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving the second light at an output assembly. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the reflective spatial light modulator includes a plurality of pixels; providing the first light includes reflecting, at a first pixel of the plurality of pixels, at least a portion of the illumination light as the first light while the first pixel is in a first state; and providing the second light includes reflecting, at a second pixel of the plurality of pixels, at least a portion of the illumination light as the second light while the second pixel is in a second state different from the first state. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein an optical surface of the grating is non-parallel and non-perpendicular to a surface of the reflective spatial light modulator. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the grating is disposed on a first surface of a transparent optical element; and the transparent optical element has a second surface that is non-parallel to the first surface and parallel to a surface of the reflective spatial light modulator. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein:
the transparent optical element is disposed between the grating and the reflective spatial light modulator; the transparent optical element has a refractive index that is different from a refractive index of air; the first surface of the transparent optical element forms an acute angle with the surface of the reflective spatial light modulator; and each of the first direction and the second direction is determined at least in part by the refractive index of the transparent optical element and the angle between the first surface of the transparent optical element and the surface of the reflective spatial light modulator. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the reflective spatial light modulator includes a reflective surface and a layer of optically anisotropic molecules disposed over the reflective surface.
| 2,600
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337,993
| 16,799,551
| 2,612
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A display assembly includes a light source, a spatial light modulator (SLM) and a grating. The light source is configured to emit illumination light, the SLM is configured to receive the illumination light and reflect at least a portion of the illumination light. The grating is positioned to redirect the illumination light output from the light source toward the SLM, receive at least a portion of the reflected light from the SLM, redirect first light having a first polarization toward the light source, and transmit through the grating second light having a second polarization that is orthogonal to the first polarization. Also disclosed are operations performed by the display assembly.
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1. A display assembly, comprising:
a light source configured to emit illumination light; a reflective spatial light modulator configured to receive the illumination light and reflect at least a portion of the illumination light; and a grating positioned to:
redirect the illumination light output from the light source toward the reflective spatial light modulator;
receive at least a portion of the reflected light from the reflective spatial light modulator;
redirect first light having a first polarization toward the light source; and
transmit second light having a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization through the grating. 2. The display assembly of claim 1, wherein an optical surface of the grating is non-parallel and non-perpendicular to a surface of the reflective spatial light modulator. 3. The display assembly of claim 1, further comprising a transparent optical element having a first surface and a second surface that is non-parallel to the first surface and parallel to a surface of the reflective spatial light modulator, and the grating is disposed on the first surface of the transparent optical element. 4. The display assembly of claim 3, wherein:
the transparent optical element is disposed between the grating and the reflective spatial light modulator; the transparent optical element has a refractive index that is different from a refractive index of air; and the first surface of the transparent optical element forms an angle with the surface of the reflective spatial light modulator. 5. The display assembly of claim 1, further comprising an absorptive polarizer disposed between the light source and the grating and configured to transmit illumination light having the first polarization. 6. The display assembly of claim 1, further comprising an output assembly configured to receive the second light output from the grating, wherein the grating is disposed between the reflective spatial light modulator and the output assembly. 7. The display assembly of claim 6, further comprising a polarizer configured to transmit the second light having the second polarization. 8. The display assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the reflective spatial light modulator includes a plurality of pixels; and a respective pixel of the plurality of pixels is individually activatable. 9. The display assembly of claim 1, wherein the reflective spatial light modulator includes a reflective surface, a quarter wave plate, and a layer of optically anisotropic molecules disposed between the reflective surface and the quarter wave plate. 10. The display assembly of claim 1, wherein the reflective spatial light modulator is a liquid crystal optical on silicon display. 11. A method, comprising:
receiving illumination light at a grating; redirecting, with the grating, the illumination light toward a reflective spatial light modulator; receiving, at the reflective spatial light modulator, the illumination light redirected by the grating; providing, by the reflective spatial light modulator, first light having a first polarization and second light having a second polarization that is orthogonal to the first polarization; receiving the first light and the second light at the grating; directing, with the grating, the first light toward a first direction; and directing, with the grating, the second light toward a second direction that is different from the first direction. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
outputting initial light from a light source; receiving the initial light at an absorptive polarizer; and transmitting, through the absorptive polarizer, at least a portion of the initial light having the first polarization as the illumination light. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
outputting the illumination light from a light source, wherein the grating is disposed between the light source and the reflective spatial light modulator. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving, at a polarizer, the second light transmitted through the grating; and transmitting, through the polarizer, the second light having the second polarization. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving the second light at an output assembly. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the reflective spatial light modulator includes a plurality of pixels; providing the first light includes reflecting, at a first pixel of the plurality of pixels, at least a portion of the illumination light as the first light while the first pixel is in a first state; and providing the second light includes reflecting, at a second pixel of the plurality of pixels, at least a portion of the illumination light as the second light while the second pixel is in a second state different from the first state. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein an optical surface of the grating is non-parallel and non-perpendicular to a surface of the reflective spatial light modulator. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the grating is disposed on a first surface of a transparent optical element; and the transparent optical element has a second surface that is non-parallel to the first surface and parallel to a surface of the reflective spatial light modulator. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein:
the transparent optical element is disposed between the grating and the reflective spatial light modulator; the transparent optical element has a refractive index that is different from a refractive index of air; the first surface of the transparent optical element forms an acute angle with the surface of the reflective spatial light modulator; and each of the first direction and the second direction is determined at least in part by the refractive index of the transparent optical element and the angle between the first surface of the transparent optical element and the surface of the reflective spatial light modulator. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the reflective spatial light modulator includes a reflective surface and a layer of optically anisotropic molecules disposed over the reflective surface.
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A display assembly includes a light source, a spatial light modulator (SLM) and a grating. The light source is configured to emit illumination light, the SLM is configured to receive the illumination light and reflect at least a portion of the illumination light. The grating is positioned to redirect the illumination light output from the light source toward the SLM, receive at least a portion of the reflected light from the SLM, redirect first light having a first polarization toward the light source, and transmit through the grating second light having a second polarization that is orthogonal to the first polarization. Also disclosed are operations performed by the display assembly.1. A display assembly, comprising:
a light source configured to emit illumination light; a reflective spatial light modulator configured to receive the illumination light and reflect at least a portion of the illumination light; and a grating positioned to:
redirect the illumination light output from the light source toward the reflective spatial light modulator;
receive at least a portion of the reflected light from the reflective spatial light modulator;
redirect first light having a first polarization toward the light source; and
transmit second light having a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization through the grating. 2. The display assembly of claim 1, wherein an optical surface of the grating is non-parallel and non-perpendicular to a surface of the reflective spatial light modulator. 3. The display assembly of claim 1, further comprising a transparent optical element having a first surface and a second surface that is non-parallel to the first surface and parallel to a surface of the reflective spatial light modulator, and the grating is disposed on the first surface of the transparent optical element. 4. The display assembly of claim 3, wherein:
the transparent optical element is disposed between the grating and the reflective spatial light modulator; the transparent optical element has a refractive index that is different from a refractive index of air; and the first surface of the transparent optical element forms an angle with the surface of the reflective spatial light modulator. 5. The display assembly of claim 1, further comprising an absorptive polarizer disposed between the light source and the grating and configured to transmit illumination light having the first polarization. 6. The display assembly of claim 1, further comprising an output assembly configured to receive the second light output from the grating, wherein the grating is disposed between the reflective spatial light modulator and the output assembly. 7. The display assembly of claim 6, further comprising a polarizer configured to transmit the second light having the second polarization. 8. The display assembly of claim 1, wherein:
the reflective spatial light modulator includes a plurality of pixels; and a respective pixel of the plurality of pixels is individually activatable. 9. The display assembly of claim 1, wherein the reflective spatial light modulator includes a reflective surface, a quarter wave plate, and a layer of optically anisotropic molecules disposed between the reflective surface and the quarter wave plate. 10. The display assembly of claim 1, wherein the reflective spatial light modulator is a liquid crystal optical on silicon display. 11. A method, comprising:
receiving illumination light at a grating; redirecting, with the grating, the illumination light toward a reflective spatial light modulator; receiving, at the reflective spatial light modulator, the illumination light redirected by the grating; providing, by the reflective spatial light modulator, first light having a first polarization and second light having a second polarization that is orthogonal to the first polarization; receiving the first light and the second light at the grating; directing, with the grating, the first light toward a first direction; and directing, with the grating, the second light toward a second direction that is different from the first direction. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
outputting initial light from a light source; receiving the initial light at an absorptive polarizer; and transmitting, through the absorptive polarizer, at least a portion of the initial light having the first polarization as the illumination light. 13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
outputting the illumination light from a light source, wherein the grating is disposed between the light source and the reflective spatial light modulator. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving, at a polarizer, the second light transmitted through the grating; and transmitting, through the polarizer, the second light having the second polarization. 15. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
receiving the second light at an output assembly. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the reflective spatial light modulator includes a plurality of pixels; providing the first light includes reflecting, at a first pixel of the plurality of pixels, at least a portion of the illumination light as the first light while the first pixel is in a first state; and providing the second light includes reflecting, at a second pixel of the plurality of pixels, at least a portion of the illumination light as the second light while the second pixel is in a second state different from the first state. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein an optical surface of the grating is non-parallel and non-perpendicular to a surface of the reflective spatial light modulator. 18. The method of claim 11, wherein:
the grating is disposed on a first surface of a transparent optical element; and the transparent optical element has a second surface that is non-parallel to the first surface and parallel to a surface of the reflective spatial light modulator. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein:
the transparent optical element is disposed between the grating and the reflective spatial light modulator; the transparent optical element has a refractive index that is different from a refractive index of air; the first surface of the transparent optical element forms an acute angle with the surface of the reflective spatial light modulator; and each of the first direction and the second direction is determined at least in part by the refractive index of the transparent optical element and the angle between the first surface of the transparent optical element and the surface of the reflective spatial light modulator. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the reflective spatial light modulator includes a reflective surface and a layer of optically anisotropic molecules disposed over the reflective surface.
| 2,600
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337,994
| 16,799,591
| 2,612
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A dependency indication is signaled within the beginning of a packet, that is, within the adjacent of a slice header to be parsed or a parameter set. This is achieved, for example, by including the dependency indication at the beginning of the slice header, preferably after a syntax element identifying the parameter set and before the slice address, by including the dependency indication before the slice address, by providing the dependency indication to a NALU header using a separate message, or by using a special NALU type for NALUs carrying dependent slices.
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1. An image encoding method for encoding a picture, the image encoding method comprising:
encoding a dependent slice enabling flag which indicates that a dependent slice is either enabled for the picture or is not enabled for the picture, wherein the dependent slice is a slice which is encoded at least partially using control information of a slice different from the dependent slice; determining a value indicating whether the picture is a random access picture, and, subsequent to determining that the picture is a random access picture:
encoding, a slice address indicating a starting position of a current slice of the picture; and
only when the dependent slice enabling flag indicates the dependent slice is enabled for the picture, encoding, a dependency indication indicating whether or not the current slice is the dependent slice;
wherein: the dependent slice enabling flag is disposed in a parameter set common to all slices of the picture; the slice address is disposed in a slice header of the current slice; and, the dependency indication is disposed in the slice header of the current slice before the slice address and after a syntax element identifying the parameter set. 2. The image encoding method according to claim 1, wherein the dependent slice enabling flag is disposed at a beginning of the parameter set. 3. The image encoding method according to claim 1, wherein the dependency indication is not included in a slice header of a slice which is processed first for the picture. 4. An image encoding apparatus for encoding a picture, the image encoding apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; at least one memory including computer program code, the memory and the computer program code configured to, working with the at least one processor:
encode a dependent slice enabling flag which indicates that a dependent slice is either enabled for the picture or is not enabled for the picture, wherein the dependent slice is a slice which is encoded at least partially using control information of a slice which is different from the dependent slice;
determine a value indicating whether the picture is a random access picture,
and, subsequent to the determination that the picture is a random access picture:
encode a slice address indicating a starting position of a current slice of the picture; and
only when the dependent slice enabling flag indicates the dependent slice is enabled for the picture, encode, a dependency indication indicating whether or not the current slice is the dependent slice;
wherein: the dependent slice enabling flag is disposed in a parameter set common to all slices of the picture; the slice address is disposed in a slice header of the current slice; and the dependency indication is disposed in the slice header of the current slice before the slice address and after a syntax element identifying the parameter set. 5. The image encoding apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the dependent slice enabling flag is disposed at a beginning of the parameter set. 6. The image encoding apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the dependency indication is not included in a slice header of a slice which is processed first for the picture. 7. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions which, when executed by a processor, perform the acts of:
encoding a dependent slice enabling flag which indicates that a dependent slice is either enabled for the picture or is not enabled for the picture, wherein the dependent slice is a slice which is encoded at least partially using control information of a slice which is different from the dependent slice; determining a value indicating whether the picture is a random access picture, and, subsequent to determining whether the picture is a random access picture:
encoding a slice address indicating a starting position of a current slice of the picture; and
only when the dependent slice enabling flag indicates the dependent slice is enabled for the picture, encoding, a dependency indication indicating whether or not the current slice is the dependent slice;
wherein: the dependent slice enabling flag is disposed in a parameter set common to all slices of the picture; the slice address is disposed in a slice header of the current slice; and the dependency indication is disposed in the slice header of the current slice before the slice address and after a syntax element identifying the parameter set. 8. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 7, wherein the dependent slice enabling flag is disposed at a beginning of the parameter set. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 7, wherein the dependency indication is not included in a slice header of a slice which is processed first for the picture.
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A dependency indication is signaled within the beginning of a packet, that is, within the adjacent of a slice header to be parsed or a parameter set. This is achieved, for example, by including the dependency indication at the beginning of the slice header, preferably after a syntax element identifying the parameter set and before the slice address, by including the dependency indication before the slice address, by providing the dependency indication to a NALU header using a separate message, or by using a special NALU type for NALUs carrying dependent slices.1. An image encoding method for encoding a picture, the image encoding method comprising:
encoding a dependent slice enabling flag which indicates that a dependent slice is either enabled for the picture or is not enabled for the picture, wherein the dependent slice is a slice which is encoded at least partially using control information of a slice different from the dependent slice; determining a value indicating whether the picture is a random access picture, and, subsequent to determining that the picture is a random access picture:
encoding, a slice address indicating a starting position of a current slice of the picture; and
only when the dependent slice enabling flag indicates the dependent slice is enabled for the picture, encoding, a dependency indication indicating whether or not the current slice is the dependent slice;
wherein: the dependent slice enabling flag is disposed in a parameter set common to all slices of the picture; the slice address is disposed in a slice header of the current slice; and, the dependency indication is disposed in the slice header of the current slice before the slice address and after a syntax element identifying the parameter set. 2. The image encoding method according to claim 1, wherein the dependent slice enabling flag is disposed at a beginning of the parameter set. 3. The image encoding method according to claim 1, wherein the dependency indication is not included in a slice header of a slice which is processed first for the picture. 4. An image encoding apparatus for encoding a picture, the image encoding apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; at least one memory including computer program code, the memory and the computer program code configured to, working with the at least one processor:
encode a dependent slice enabling flag which indicates that a dependent slice is either enabled for the picture or is not enabled for the picture, wherein the dependent slice is a slice which is encoded at least partially using control information of a slice which is different from the dependent slice;
determine a value indicating whether the picture is a random access picture,
and, subsequent to the determination that the picture is a random access picture:
encode a slice address indicating a starting position of a current slice of the picture; and
only when the dependent slice enabling flag indicates the dependent slice is enabled for the picture, encode, a dependency indication indicating whether or not the current slice is the dependent slice;
wherein: the dependent slice enabling flag is disposed in a parameter set common to all slices of the picture; the slice address is disposed in a slice header of the current slice; and the dependency indication is disposed in the slice header of the current slice before the slice address and after a syntax element identifying the parameter set. 5. The image encoding apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the dependent slice enabling flag is disposed at a beginning of the parameter set. 6. The image encoding apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the dependency indication is not included in a slice header of a slice which is processed first for the picture. 7. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions which, when executed by a processor, perform the acts of:
encoding a dependent slice enabling flag which indicates that a dependent slice is either enabled for the picture or is not enabled for the picture, wherein the dependent slice is a slice which is encoded at least partially using control information of a slice which is different from the dependent slice; determining a value indicating whether the picture is a random access picture, and, subsequent to determining whether the picture is a random access picture:
encoding a slice address indicating a starting position of a current slice of the picture; and
only when the dependent slice enabling flag indicates the dependent slice is enabled for the picture, encoding, a dependency indication indicating whether or not the current slice is the dependent slice;
wherein: the dependent slice enabling flag is disposed in a parameter set common to all slices of the picture; the slice address is disposed in a slice header of the current slice; and the dependency indication is disposed in the slice header of the current slice before the slice address and after a syntax element identifying the parameter set. 8. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 7, wherein the dependent slice enabling flag is disposed at a beginning of the parameter set. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 7, wherein the dependency indication is not included in a slice header of a slice which is processed first for the picture.
| 2,600
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337,995
| 16,799,648
| 2,612
|
A controller for managing a battery pack includes: a detection terminal, for transmitting an enable signal when values of battery parameters for the battery pack satisfy a sleep condition, where the enable signal enables the detection circuit to detect whether the battery pack is connected to a load and whether the battery pack is connected to the charger; and a receiving terminal, for receiving a detection result transmitted by the detection circuit. The detection result indicates whether the battery pack is connected to at least one of the load and charger. The controller controls the battery pack to enter a sleep mode of the sleep modes based on the detection result. The controller also includes a control terminal, for transmitting a control signal to control an on/off state of a charging switch and/or a discharging switch. The control signal is generated by the controller based on the detection result.
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1. A controller, for managing a battery pack, said controller comprising:
a detection terminal, coupled to a detection circuit, operable for transmitting an enable signal when values of battery parameters for said battery pack satisfy a sleep condition, wherein said enable signal enables said detection circuit to detect whether said battery pack is connected to a load and whether said battery pack is connected to a charger; wherein said sleep condition is for determining whether said battery pack enters a sleep state, and wherein said sleep state comprises a plurality of sleep modes; a receiving terminal, coupled to said detection circuit, operable for receiving a detection result transmitted by said detection circuit, wherein said detection result indicates whether said battery pack is connected to at least one of said load and charger, and wherein said controller is operable for controlling said battery pack to enter a sleep mode of said sleep modes based on said detection result; and a control terminal, operable for transmitting a control signal to control an on/off state of a charging switch and an on/off state of a discharging switch, wherein said control signal is generated by said controller based on said detection result. 2. The controller of claim 1, wherein said controller controls said battery pack to enter a power mode from said sleep mode when a trigger event occurs. 3. The controller of claim 2, wherein said trigger event enables said battery pack to switch from said sleep mode to said power mode. 4. The controller of claim 2, wherein:
said controller comprises a timer, an integrator circuit, and a current comparator; said sleep modes comprise a load sleep mode; and when said battery pack is in said load sleep mode, said trigger events comprise an event selected from the group consisting of: a length of a time period since said battery pack enters said load sleep mode is longer than that of a sleep time period, wherein said time period is measured and recorded by said timer; a sensing voltage indicating a battery current in said battery parameters is greater than a first voltage value, as determined by said current comparator; a voltage value exceeds a second voltage value, wherein said voltage value is acquired by integrating said sensing voltage over an integration time period with said integrator circuit; and said controller is accessed. 5. The controller of claim 2, wherein:
said controller comprises a timer, an integrator circuit, and a current comparator; said sleep modes comprise a charger sleep mode; and when said battery pack is in said charger sleep mode, said trigger events comprise an event selected from the group consisting of: a length of a time period since said battery pack enters said load sleep mode is longer than that of a sleep time period, wherein said time period is measured and recorded by said timer; a sensing voltage indicating a battery current of said battery parameters is greater than a first voltage value, as determined by said current comparator; a voltage value exceeds a second voltage value, wherein said voltage value is acquired by integrating said sensing voltage over an integration time period with said integrator circuit; and said controller is accessed. 6. The controller of claim 2, wherein:
said controller comprises a timer; said sleep modes comprise a non-load sleep mode; when said battery pack is in said non-load sleep mode, said trigger events comprise an event selected from the group consisting of: the length of a time period since said battery pack enters said non-load sleep mode is longer than that of a sleep time period, wherein said time period is measured and recorded by said timer; said battery pack is connected to said load, which is detected by said detection circuit; said battery pack is connected to said charger, which is detected by said detection circuit; and said controller is accessed. 7. The controller of claim 1, wherein:
said sleep modes comprise a non-load sleep mode; said controller comprises a control unit; and if said detection result indicates that said battery pack is not connected to said load and is not connected to said charger, then said control unit controls said battery pack to enter said non-load sleep mode. 8. The controller of claim 7, wherein said control unit is operable for generating said control signal based on said detection result, to turn off said charging switch and said discharging switch. 9. The controller of claim 1, wherein said sleep modes comprise a charger sleep mode; wherein said controller comprises a control unit; and wherein if said detection result is that said battery pack is not connected to said load but is connected to said charger, then said control unit controls said battery pack to enter said charger sleep mode. 10. The controller of claim 9, wherein said control unit is operable for generating said control signal based on said detection result, to turn on said charging switch and to turn off said discharging switch. 11. The controller of claim 1, wherein said sleep modes comprise a load sleep mode; wherein said controller comprises a control unit; and wherein if said detection result is that said battery pack is connected to said load, then said control unit controls said battery pack to enter said load sleep mode. 12. The controller of claim 11, wherein said control unit is operable for generating said control signal based on said detection result, to turn on said charging switch and said discharging switch. 13. The controller of claim 1, wherein said controller comprises a control unit; wherein if said values of said battery parameters satisfy a failure condition, then said control unit controls said battery pack to enter a suspend mode, and generates said control signal to turn off said charging switch and said discharging switch; wherein said failure condition is operable for determining whether a failure event is present in said battery pack. 14. The controller of claim 1, wherein said controller comprises a control unit; wherein if a battery voltage of said battery parameters is lower than a shutdown threshold, then said control unit controls said battery pack to enter a shutdown mode, and generates said control signal to turn off said charging switch and said discharging switch. 15. A battery management method for managing a battery pack, wherein said battery pack comprises a controller and a detection circuit; wherein said battery management method comprises:
determining, using a controller, whether values of battery parameters for said battery pack satisfy a sleep condition for entering a sleep state, wherein said sleep state comprises a plurality of sleep modes; transmitting, using said controller, an enable signal to said detection circuit when said values of said battery parameters satisfy said sleep condition; detecting, using said detection circuit and in response to said enable signal, whether said battery pack is connected to a load and whether said battery pack is connected to a charger, and acquiring a detection result, wherein said detection result indicates whether said battery pack is connected to at least one of said load and charger; and controlling, using said controller, said battery pack to enter a sleep mode of said sleep modes based on said detection result. 16. The battery management method of claim 15, wherein said controlling comprises, if said detection result is that said battery pack is not connected to said load and not connected to said charger, then:
controlling, using said controller, said battery pack to enter a non-load sleep mode of said sleep modes; and generating a control signal to turn off a charging switch and a discharging switch. 17. The battery management method of claim 15, wherein said controlling comprises, if said detection result is that said battery pack is not connected to said load but is connected to said charger, then:
controlling, using said controller, said battery pack to enter a charger sleep mode of said sleep modes; and generating a control signal to turn on a charging switch and to turn off a discharging switch. 18. The battery management method of claim 15, wherein said controlling comprises, if said detection result is that said battery pack is connected to said load, then:
controlling, using said controller, said battery pack to enter a load sleep mode of said sleep modes; and generating a control signal to turn on a charging switch and a discharging switch. 19. The battery management method of claim 15, further comprising, if a battery voltage of said battery parameters is lower than a shutdown threshold, then:
controlling, using said controller, said battery pack to enter a shutdown mode; and generating a control signal to turn off a charging switch and a discharging switch. 20. The system of claim 15, further comprising, if said values of said battery parameters satisfy a failure condition, then:
controlling, using said controller, said battery pack to enter a suspend mode; and generating said control signal to turn off a charging switch and a discharging switch; wherein said failure condition is for determining whether a failure event is present in said battery pack.
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A controller for managing a battery pack includes: a detection terminal, for transmitting an enable signal when values of battery parameters for the battery pack satisfy a sleep condition, where the enable signal enables the detection circuit to detect whether the battery pack is connected to a load and whether the battery pack is connected to the charger; and a receiving terminal, for receiving a detection result transmitted by the detection circuit. The detection result indicates whether the battery pack is connected to at least one of the load and charger. The controller controls the battery pack to enter a sleep mode of the sleep modes based on the detection result. The controller also includes a control terminal, for transmitting a control signal to control an on/off state of a charging switch and/or a discharging switch. The control signal is generated by the controller based on the detection result.1. A controller, for managing a battery pack, said controller comprising:
a detection terminal, coupled to a detection circuit, operable for transmitting an enable signal when values of battery parameters for said battery pack satisfy a sleep condition, wherein said enable signal enables said detection circuit to detect whether said battery pack is connected to a load and whether said battery pack is connected to a charger; wherein said sleep condition is for determining whether said battery pack enters a sleep state, and wherein said sleep state comprises a plurality of sleep modes; a receiving terminal, coupled to said detection circuit, operable for receiving a detection result transmitted by said detection circuit, wherein said detection result indicates whether said battery pack is connected to at least one of said load and charger, and wherein said controller is operable for controlling said battery pack to enter a sleep mode of said sleep modes based on said detection result; and a control terminal, operable for transmitting a control signal to control an on/off state of a charging switch and an on/off state of a discharging switch, wherein said control signal is generated by said controller based on said detection result. 2. The controller of claim 1, wherein said controller controls said battery pack to enter a power mode from said sleep mode when a trigger event occurs. 3. The controller of claim 2, wherein said trigger event enables said battery pack to switch from said sleep mode to said power mode. 4. The controller of claim 2, wherein:
said controller comprises a timer, an integrator circuit, and a current comparator; said sleep modes comprise a load sleep mode; and when said battery pack is in said load sleep mode, said trigger events comprise an event selected from the group consisting of: a length of a time period since said battery pack enters said load sleep mode is longer than that of a sleep time period, wherein said time period is measured and recorded by said timer; a sensing voltage indicating a battery current in said battery parameters is greater than a first voltage value, as determined by said current comparator; a voltage value exceeds a second voltage value, wherein said voltage value is acquired by integrating said sensing voltage over an integration time period with said integrator circuit; and said controller is accessed. 5. The controller of claim 2, wherein:
said controller comprises a timer, an integrator circuit, and a current comparator; said sleep modes comprise a charger sleep mode; and when said battery pack is in said charger sleep mode, said trigger events comprise an event selected from the group consisting of: a length of a time period since said battery pack enters said load sleep mode is longer than that of a sleep time period, wherein said time period is measured and recorded by said timer; a sensing voltage indicating a battery current of said battery parameters is greater than a first voltage value, as determined by said current comparator; a voltage value exceeds a second voltage value, wherein said voltage value is acquired by integrating said sensing voltage over an integration time period with said integrator circuit; and said controller is accessed. 6. The controller of claim 2, wherein:
said controller comprises a timer; said sleep modes comprise a non-load sleep mode; when said battery pack is in said non-load sleep mode, said trigger events comprise an event selected from the group consisting of: the length of a time period since said battery pack enters said non-load sleep mode is longer than that of a sleep time period, wherein said time period is measured and recorded by said timer; said battery pack is connected to said load, which is detected by said detection circuit; said battery pack is connected to said charger, which is detected by said detection circuit; and said controller is accessed. 7. The controller of claim 1, wherein:
said sleep modes comprise a non-load sleep mode; said controller comprises a control unit; and if said detection result indicates that said battery pack is not connected to said load and is not connected to said charger, then said control unit controls said battery pack to enter said non-load sleep mode. 8. The controller of claim 7, wherein said control unit is operable for generating said control signal based on said detection result, to turn off said charging switch and said discharging switch. 9. The controller of claim 1, wherein said sleep modes comprise a charger sleep mode; wherein said controller comprises a control unit; and wherein if said detection result is that said battery pack is not connected to said load but is connected to said charger, then said control unit controls said battery pack to enter said charger sleep mode. 10. The controller of claim 9, wherein said control unit is operable for generating said control signal based on said detection result, to turn on said charging switch and to turn off said discharging switch. 11. The controller of claim 1, wherein said sleep modes comprise a load sleep mode; wherein said controller comprises a control unit; and wherein if said detection result is that said battery pack is connected to said load, then said control unit controls said battery pack to enter said load sleep mode. 12. The controller of claim 11, wherein said control unit is operable for generating said control signal based on said detection result, to turn on said charging switch and said discharging switch. 13. The controller of claim 1, wherein said controller comprises a control unit; wherein if said values of said battery parameters satisfy a failure condition, then said control unit controls said battery pack to enter a suspend mode, and generates said control signal to turn off said charging switch and said discharging switch; wherein said failure condition is operable for determining whether a failure event is present in said battery pack. 14. The controller of claim 1, wherein said controller comprises a control unit; wherein if a battery voltage of said battery parameters is lower than a shutdown threshold, then said control unit controls said battery pack to enter a shutdown mode, and generates said control signal to turn off said charging switch and said discharging switch. 15. A battery management method for managing a battery pack, wherein said battery pack comprises a controller and a detection circuit; wherein said battery management method comprises:
determining, using a controller, whether values of battery parameters for said battery pack satisfy a sleep condition for entering a sleep state, wherein said sleep state comprises a plurality of sleep modes; transmitting, using said controller, an enable signal to said detection circuit when said values of said battery parameters satisfy said sleep condition; detecting, using said detection circuit and in response to said enable signal, whether said battery pack is connected to a load and whether said battery pack is connected to a charger, and acquiring a detection result, wherein said detection result indicates whether said battery pack is connected to at least one of said load and charger; and controlling, using said controller, said battery pack to enter a sleep mode of said sleep modes based on said detection result. 16. The battery management method of claim 15, wherein said controlling comprises, if said detection result is that said battery pack is not connected to said load and not connected to said charger, then:
controlling, using said controller, said battery pack to enter a non-load sleep mode of said sleep modes; and generating a control signal to turn off a charging switch and a discharging switch. 17. The battery management method of claim 15, wherein said controlling comprises, if said detection result is that said battery pack is not connected to said load but is connected to said charger, then:
controlling, using said controller, said battery pack to enter a charger sleep mode of said sleep modes; and generating a control signal to turn on a charging switch and to turn off a discharging switch. 18. The battery management method of claim 15, wherein said controlling comprises, if said detection result is that said battery pack is connected to said load, then:
controlling, using said controller, said battery pack to enter a load sleep mode of said sleep modes; and generating a control signal to turn on a charging switch and a discharging switch. 19. The battery management method of claim 15, further comprising, if a battery voltage of said battery parameters is lower than a shutdown threshold, then:
controlling, using said controller, said battery pack to enter a shutdown mode; and generating a control signal to turn off a charging switch and a discharging switch. 20. The system of claim 15, further comprising, if said values of said battery parameters satisfy a failure condition, then:
controlling, using said controller, said battery pack to enter a suspend mode; and generating said control signal to turn off a charging switch and a discharging switch; wherein said failure condition is for determining whether a failure event is present in said battery pack.
| 2,600
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337,996
| 16,799,656
| 3,793
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Disclosed are methods useful for the treatment of erectile dysfunction through stimulation of regenerative activities in a patient in need of treatment. In one embodiment, the invention provides the administration of extracorporeal shock waves prior to administration of regenerative cells in order to enhance the penile microenvironment in a manner favorable for augmented regenerative activity. In some embodiments said regenerative cells comprise of autologous bone marrow cells. In other embodiments regenerative cells are allogeneic cells. The invention further teaches the use of regenerative cell mobilization combined with administration of extracorporeal shock wave therapy.
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1. A method for the stimulation of penile regeneration, the method comprising: a) associating the corpus cavernosum of a patient in need of therapy with a shockwave generating device; b) applying a shockwave regimen to said corpus cavernosum wherein said shockwave device produces a focal zone comprising at least a portion of the corpus cavernosum; and c) administering a regenerative cell population. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein said shockwave regimen locally promotes at least one or more biological activities chosen from the group consisting of: a) angiogenesis; b) enhanced perfusion of the penis, c) mitogenesis of smooth muscle cells; and d) augmentation of endothelial function. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said shock wave regimen produce a treatment regimen determined based on at least one parameter chosen from the group consisting of shockwave parameters, treatment protocol parameters, and anatomical parameters. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein said shockwave parameters comprise number of shockwaves, frequency of shockwaves and intensity of said shockwave. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein said parameters are selected from of at least one of: shockwave intensity is about from about 50 bar to about 200 bar; shockwave frequency is from about 60 to about 300 shockwaves per min; said number of shockwaves is up to about 3500 per session. 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising coupling said shock wave regimen with a drug or cellular treatment. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein an additional therapeutic agent is administered into the corpus cavernosum. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the additional therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of growth factors, differentiation factors, regenerative cells, and nutritional supplements. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the additional therapeutic agent is a growth factor. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the additional therapeutic agent and the cells are administered into the corpus cavernosum using a carrier. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the carrier is selected from the group consisting of beads, microspheres, nanospheres, hydrogels, gels, polymers, ceramics, collagen and platelet gels. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the additional therapeutic agent is administered simultaneously with administering the cells to the corpus cavernosum. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the additional therapeutic agent is administered prior to administering the cells to the corpus cavernosum. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the additional therapeutic agent is administered after administering the cells to the corpus cavernosum. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the cells are administered into the corpus cavernosum in a formulation with a volume of between about 0.1 ml and about 2 ml. 16. A method of augmenting therapeutic activity of bone marrow cells comprising exposing said bone marrow cells to extracorporeal shock waves. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein said extracorporeal shock waves possess parameters are selected from of at least one of: shockwave intensity is about from about 50 bar to about 200 bar; shockwave frequency is from about 60 to about 300 shockwaves per min; said number of shockwaves is up to about 3500 per session. 18. A method of augmenting therapeutic activity of regenerative cells comprising exposing said bone marrow cells to extracorporeal shock waves. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said extracorporeal shock waves possess parameters are selected from of at least one of: shockwave intensity is about from about 50 bar to about 200 bar; shockwave frequency is from about 60 to about 300 shockwaves per min; said number of shockwaves is up to about 3500 per session. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein said regenerative cells are mesenchymal stem cells.
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Disclosed are methods useful for the treatment of erectile dysfunction through stimulation of regenerative activities in a patient in need of treatment. In one embodiment, the invention provides the administration of extracorporeal shock waves prior to administration of regenerative cells in order to enhance the penile microenvironment in a manner favorable for augmented regenerative activity. In some embodiments said regenerative cells comprise of autologous bone marrow cells. In other embodiments regenerative cells are allogeneic cells. The invention further teaches the use of regenerative cell mobilization combined with administration of extracorporeal shock wave therapy.1. A method for the stimulation of penile regeneration, the method comprising: a) associating the corpus cavernosum of a patient in need of therapy with a shockwave generating device; b) applying a shockwave regimen to said corpus cavernosum wherein said shockwave device produces a focal zone comprising at least a portion of the corpus cavernosum; and c) administering a regenerative cell population. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein said shockwave regimen locally promotes at least one or more biological activities chosen from the group consisting of: a) angiogenesis; b) enhanced perfusion of the penis, c) mitogenesis of smooth muscle cells; and d) augmentation of endothelial function. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein said shock wave regimen produce a treatment regimen determined based on at least one parameter chosen from the group consisting of shockwave parameters, treatment protocol parameters, and anatomical parameters. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein said shockwave parameters comprise number of shockwaves, frequency of shockwaves and intensity of said shockwave. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein said parameters are selected from of at least one of: shockwave intensity is about from about 50 bar to about 200 bar; shockwave frequency is from about 60 to about 300 shockwaves per min; said number of shockwaves is up to about 3500 per session. 6. The method of claim 1 further comprising coupling said shock wave regimen with a drug or cellular treatment. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein an additional therapeutic agent is administered into the corpus cavernosum. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the additional therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of growth factors, differentiation factors, regenerative cells, and nutritional supplements. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the additional therapeutic agent is a growth factor. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the additional therapeutic agent and the cells are administered into the corpus cavernosum using a carrier. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the carrier is selected from the group consisting of beads, microspheres, nanospheres, hydrogels, gels, polymers, ceramics, collagen and platelet gels. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the additional therapeutic agent is administered simultaneously with administering the cells to the corpus cavernosum. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the additional therapeutic agent is administered prior to administering the cells to the corpus cavernosum. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein the additional therapeutic agent is administered after administering the cells to the corpus cavernosum. 15. The method of claim 9, wherein the cells are administered into the corpus cavernosum in a formulation with a volume of between about 0.1 ml and about 2 ml. 16. A method of augmenting therapeutic activity of bone marrow cells comprising exposing said bone marrow cells to extracorporeal shock waves. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein said extracorporeal shock waves possess parameters are selected from of at least one of: shockwave intensity is about from about 50 bar to about 200 bar; shockwave frequency is from about 60 to about 300 shockwaves per min; said number of shockwaves is up to about 3500 per session. 18. A method of augmenting therapeutic activity of regenerative cells comprising exposing said bone marrow cells to extracorporeal shock waves. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein said extracorporeal shock waves possess parameters are selected from of at least one of: shockwave intensity is about from about 50 bar to about 200 bar; shockwave frequency is from about 60 to about 300 shockwaves per min; said number of shockwaves is up to about 3500 per session. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein said regenerative cells are mesenchymal stem cells.
| 3,700
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337,997
| 16,799,613
| 3,793
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The invention is directed to biocompatible composite materials for medical applications such as tissue regeneration. In particular, the present invention is directed to biocompatible composite materials that may be used for the treatment of lost bone or bone defects. According to the invention there is provided an anhydrous biocompatible composite material comprising a biodegradable polymeric material and a granular synthetic material, wherein the polymeric material essentially consists of at least one block copolymer that comprises at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic block.
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1. An anhydrous biocompatible composite material comprising a biodegradable polymeric material and a granular synthetic material, wherein the polymeric material consists essentially of at least one block copolymer, wherein said at least one block copolymer is a polymer of formula (I)
Xn-Bq-Ap-Bq-Xm-[Bq-Ap-Bq]l (I) 2. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, wherein l is 0 and n is m. 3. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, wherein l is 1 and n is 0. 4. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, wherein m is 2 to 10, and/or p is 6 to 100, and/or q is 0 to 50. 5. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, wherein the granular synthetic material is osteoconductive. 6. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, wherein the granular synthetic material comprises calcium phosphate. 7. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, wherein the actual ratio (n+m) to (p+q), as determined by 1H NMR, is less than 0.36. 8. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, wherein m is n; l and q are 0. 9. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, that is an injectable, malleable and/or kneadable no-sticky putty that retains its shape at a typical temperature of 15 to 40° C. 10. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 9, that has been sterilized by γ-rays or electron beams. 11. A method to treat connective tissue and/or bone loss or defect which method comprises administering to a subject in need of such treatment the anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1. 12. A method to sterilize a biodegradable polymeric material consisting essentially of one or more block copolymer comprising at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic block, which method comprises irradiating the biodegradable polymeric material by γ-rays or electron beams. 13. A method to treat bone loss or defect, which method comprises shaping the anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1 into a desired shape and placing said shaped material at the site of bone loss or defect. 14. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, wherein A and B are ethylene oxide or propylene oxide. 15. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, wherein X is a polyester unit. 16. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, wherein X is a hydroxybutyrate, lactic acid, glycolide, γ-butyrolactone, δ-valerolactone or ε-caprolactone. 17. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 16, wherein X is lactic acid. 18. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 4, wherein m is 3 to 7. 19. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 4, wherein p is 40 to 50. 20. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 4, wherein q is 0 to 19. 21. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 5, wherein the granular synthetic material is osteoinductive. 22. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 7, wherein the ratio (n+m) to (p+q), as determined by 1H NMR, is less than 0.30. 23. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 22, wherein the ratio (n+m) to (p+q), as determined by 1H NMR, is between 0.01 and 0.25. 24. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 23, wherein the ratio (n+m) to (p+q), as determined by 1H NMR, is between 0.05 and 0.15. 25. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 7, wherein the ratio (n+m) to (p+q), as determined by 1H NMR, is less than 0.10. 26. A method to engineer tissue to correct a connective tissue and/or bone defect which method comprises providing anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1 to the defect.
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The invention is directed to biocompatible composite materials for medical applications such as tissue regeneration. In particular, the present invention is directed to biocompatible composite materials that may be used for the treatment of lost bone or bone defects. According to the invention there is provided an anhydrous biocompatible composite material comprising a biodegradable polymeric material and a granular synthetic material, wherein the polymeric material essentially consists of at least one block copolymer that comprises at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic block.1. An anhydrous biocompatible composite material comprising a biodegradable polymeric material and a granular synthetic material, wherein the polymeric material consists essentially of at least one block copolymer, wherein said at least one block copolymer is a polymer of formula (I)
Xn-Bq-Ap-Bq-Xm-[Bq-Ap-Bq]l (I) 2. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, wherein l is 0 and n is m. 3. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, wherein l is 1 and n is 0. 4. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, wherein m is 2 to 10, and/or p is 6 to 100, and/or q is 0 to 50. 5. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, wherein the granular synthetic material is osteoconductive. 6. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, wherein the granular synthetic material comprises calcium phosphate. 7. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, wherein the actual ratio (n+m) to (p+q), as determined by 1H NMR, is less than 0.36. 8. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, wherein m is n; l and q are 0. 9. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, that is an injectable, malleable and/or kneadable no-sticky putty that retains its shape at a typical temperature of 15 to 40° C. 10. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 9, that has been sterilized by γ-rays or electron beams. 11. A method to treat connective tissue and/or bone loss or defect which method comprises administering to a subject in need of such treatment the anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1. 12. A method to sterilize a biodegradable polymeric material consisting essentially of one or more block copolymer comprising at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic block, which method comprises irradiating the biodegradable polymeric material by γ-rays or electron beams. 13. A method to treat bone loss or defect, which method comprises shaping the anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1 into a desired shape and placing said shaped material at the site of bone loss or defect. 14. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, wherein A and B are ethylene oxide or propylene oxide. 15. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, wherein X is a polyester unit. 16. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1, wherein X is a hydroxybutyrate, lactic acid, glycolide, γ-butyrolactone, δ-valerolactone or ε-caprolactone. 17. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 16, wherein X is lactic acid. 18. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 4, wherein m is 3 to 7. 19. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 4, wherein p is 40 to 50. 20. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 4, wherein q is 0 to 19. 21. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 5, wherein the granular synthetic material is osteoinductive. 22. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 7, wherein the ratio (n+m) to (p+q), as determined by 1H NMR, is less than 0.30. 23. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 22, wherein the ratio (n+m) to (p+q), as determined by 1H NMR, is between 0.01 and 0.25. 24. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 23, wherein the ratio (n+m) to (p+q), as determined by 1H NMR, is between 0.05 and 0.15. 25. The anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 7, wherein the ratio (n+m) to (p+q), as determined by 1H NMR, is less than 0.10. 26. A method to engineer tissue to correct a connective tissue and/or bone defect which method comprises providing anhydrous biocompatible composite material of claim 1 to the defect.
| 3,700
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337,998
| 16,799,637
| 3,793
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Systems and methods are provided for optimizing parameters of a system across an entire stack, including algorithms layer, toolchain layer, execution or runtime layer, and hardware layer. Results from the layer-specific optimization functions of each domain can be consolidated using one or more consolidation optimization functions to consolidate the layer-specific optimization results, capturing the relationship between the different layers of the stack. Continuous monitoring of the programming model during execution may be implemented and can enable the programming model to self-adjust based on real-time performance metrics. In this way, programmers and system administrators are relieved of the need for domain knowledge and are offered a systematic way for continuous optimization (rather than an ad hoc approach).
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1. A non-transitory machine-readable storage media storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
retrieve a plurality of performance data associated with a system running a programming model; execute an iterative control loop mechanism using the retrieved plurality of performance data; determine when an optimization state is achieved based on the results of the iterative control loop mechanism, wherein executing the iterative control loop mechanism comprises running one or more layer-specific optimization functions at each layer of a plurality of hierarchical layers of the programming model; and run one or more consolidation optimization functions to consolidate optimization results from different layers of the programming model. 2. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein the programming model comprises an algorithms layer, a toolchain layer, a runtime layer, and a hardware layer, and wherein the different layers comprise the algorithms layer, the toolchain layer, the runtime layer, and the hardware layer. 3. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein the performance data includes execution time, power utilization, power drawing, memory usage, utilization efficiency, or temperature sensor readings. 4. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein optimization of an algorithm layer is implemented on an application-by-application basis. 5. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein optimization of an algorithm layer is performed on all applications of the programming model at the same time. 6. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein optimization of a runtime layer is performed by adjusting configuration parameters for a given application. 7. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein running the one or more layer-specific optimization functions at each layer of the plurality of hierarchical layers comprising the system and running the one or more consolidation optimization functions to consolidate optimization results from different layers comprises:
define a weight vector comprising a weight value associated with each of a plurality of plasticity parameters; define a cost function comprising a Lagrangian sum of the weight vector and an objective function associated with an identified programming model; initialize each plasticity parameter; run the identified programming model based on the initialized plasticity parameters; compute a first cost function based on the initialized plasticity parameters; calculate a derivative of the first cost function; subtract the calculated derivative from the initialized plasticity parameters to determine a second set of values for the plasticity parameters; compute a second cost function based on the second set of values for the plasticity parameters; and compare the second cost function and the first cost function. 8. A computer-implemented method comprising:
retrieving a plurality of performance data associated with a system running a programming model; executing an iterative control loop mechanism using the retrieved plurality of performance data; determining when an optimization state is achieved based on the results of the iterative control loop mechanism, wherein executing the iterative control loop mechanism comprises running one or more layer-specific optimization functions at each layer of a plurality of hierarchical layers of the programming model; and running one or more consolidation optimization functions to consolidate optimization results from different layers of the programming model. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the programming model comprises an algorithms layer, a toolchain layer, a runtime layer, and a hardware layer, and wherein the different layers comprise the algorithms layer, the toolchain layer, the runtime layer, and the hardware layer. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the performance data includes execution time, power utilization, power drawing, memory usage, utilization efficiency, or temperature sensor readings. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein optimization of an algorithm layer is implemented on an application-by-application basis. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein optimization of an algorithm layer is performed on all applications of the programming model at the same time. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein optimization of a runtime layer is performed by adjusting configuration parameters for a given application. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein running the one or more layer-specific optimization functions at each layer of the plurality of hierarchical layers of the programming model comprises:
defining a weight vector comprising a weight value associated with each of a plurality of plasticity parameters; defining a cost function comprising a Lagrangian sum of the weight vector and an objective function associated with an identified programming model; initializing each plasticity parameter; running the identified programming model based on the initialized plasticity parameters; computing a first cost function based on the initialized plasticity parameters; calculating a derivative of the first cost function; subtracting the calculated derivative from the initialized plasticity parameters to determine a second set of values for the plasticity parameters; computing a second cost function based on the second set of values for the plasticity parameters; and comparing the second cost function and the first cost function.
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Systems and methods are provided for optimizing parameters of a system across an entire stack, including algorithms layer, toolchain layer, execution or runtime layer, and hardware layer. Results from the layer-specific optimization functions of each domain can be consolidated using one or more consolidation optimization functions to consolidate the layer-specific optimization results, capturing the relationship between the different layers of the stack. Continuous monitoring of the programming model during execution may be implemented and can enable the programming model to self-adjust based on real-time performance metrics. In this way, programmers and system administrators are relieved of the need for domain knowledge and are offered a systematic way for continuous optimization (rather than an ad hoc approach).1. A non-transitory machine-readable storage media storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
retrieve a plurality of performance data associated with a system running a programming model; execute an iterative control loop mechanism using the retrieved plurality of performance data; determine when an optimization state is achieved based on the results of the iterative control loop mechanism, wherein executing the iterative control loop mechanism comprises running one or more layer-specific optimization functions at each layer of a plurality of hierarchical layers of the programming model; and run one or more consolidation optimization functions to consolidate optimization results from different layers of the programming model. 2. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein the programming model comprises an algorithms layer, a toolchain layer, a runtime layer, and a hardware layer, and wherein the different layers comprise the algorithms layer, the toolchain layer, the runtime layer, and the hardware layer. 3. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein the performance data includes execution time, power utilization, power drawing, memory usage, utilization efficiency, or temperature sensor readings. 4. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein optimization of an algorithm layer is implemented on an application-by-application basis. 5. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein optimization of an algorithm layer is performed on all applications of the programming model at the same time. 6. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein optimization of a runtime layer is performed by adjusting configuration parameters for a given application. 7. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein running the one or more layer-specific optimization functions at each layer of the plurality of hierarchical layers comprising the system and running the one or more consolidation optimization functions to consolidate optimization results from different layers comprises:
define a weight vector comprising a weight value associated with each of a plurality of plasticity parameters; define a cost function comprising a Lagrangian sum of the weight vector and an objective function associated with an identified programming model; initialize each plasticity parameter; run the identified programming model based on the initialized plasticity parameters; compute a first cost function based on the initialized plasticity parameters; calculate a derivative of the first cost function; subtract the calculated derivative from the initialized plasticity parameters to determine a second set of values for the plasticity parameters; compute a second cost function based on the second set of values for the plasticity parameters; and compare the second cost function and the first cost function. 8. A computer-implemented method comprising:
retrieving a plurality of performance data associated with a system running a programming model; executing an iterative control loop mechanism using the retrieved plurality of performance data; determining when an optimization state is achieved based on the results of the iterative control loop mechanism, wherein executing the iterative control loop mechanism comprises running one or more layer-specific optimization functions at each layer of a plurality of hierarchical layers of the programming model; and running one or more consolidation optimization functions to consolidate optimization results from different layers of the programming model. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the programming model comprises an algorithms layer, a toolchain layer, a runtime layer, and a hardware layer, and wherein the different layers comprise the algorithms layer, the toolchain layer, the runtime layer, and the hardware layer. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the performance data includes execution time, power utilization, power drawing, memory usage, utilization efficiency, or temperature sensor readings. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein optimization of an algorithm layer is implemented on an application-by-application basis. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein optimization of an algorithm layer is performed on all applications of the programming model at the same time. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein optimization of a runtime layer is performed by adjusting configuration parameters for a given application. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein running the one or more layer-specific optimization functions at each layer of the plurality of hierarchical layers of the programming model comprises:
defining a weight vector comprising a weight value associated with each of a plurality of plasticity parameters; defining a cost function comprising a Lagrangian sum of the weight vector and an objective function associated with an identified programming model; initializing each plasticity parameter; running the identified programming model based on the initialized plasticity parameters; computing a first cost function based on the initialized plasticity parameters; calculating a derivative of the first cost function; subtracting the calculated derivative from the initialized plasticity parameters to determine a second set of values for the plasticity parameters; computing a second cost function based on the second set of values for the plasticity parameters; and comparing the second cost function and the first cost function.
| 3,700
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337,999
| 16,799,620
| 3,793
|
Systems and methods are provided for optimizing parameters of a system across an entire stack, including algorithms layer, toolchain layer, execution or runtime layer, and hardware layer. Results from the layer-specific optimization functions of each domain can be consolidated using one or more consolidation optimization functions to consolidate the layer-specific optimization results, capturing the relationship between the different layers of the stack. Continuous monitoring of the programming model during execution may be implemented and can enable the programming model to self-adjust based on real-time performance metrics. In this way, programmers and system administrators are relieved of the need for domain knowledge and are offered a systematic way for continuous optimization (rather than an ad hoc approach).
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1. A non-transitory machine-readable storage media storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
retrieve a plurality of performance data associated with a system running a programming model; execute an iterative control loop mechanism using the retrieved plurality of performance data; determine when an optimization state is achieved based on the results of the iterative control loop mechanism, wherein executing the iterative control loop mechanism comprises running one or more layer-specific optimization functions at each layer of a plurality of hierarchical layers of the programming model; and run one or more consolidation optimization functions to consolidate optimization results from different layers of the programming model. 2. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein the programming model comprises an algorithms layer, a toolchain layer, a runtime layer, and a hardware layer, and wherein the different layers comprise the algorithms layer, the toolchain layer, the runtime layer, and the hardware layer. 3. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein the performance data includes execution time, power utilization, power drawing, memory usage, utilization efficiency, or temperature sensor readings. 4. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein optimization of an algorithm layer is implemented on an application-by-application basis. 5. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein optimization of an algorithm layer is performed on all applications of the programming model at the same time. 6. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein optimization of a runtime layer is performed by adjusting configuration parameters for a given application. 7. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein running the one or more layer-specific optimization functions at each layer of the plurality of hierarchical layers comprising the system and running the one or more consolidation optimization functions to consolidate optimization results from different layers comprises:
define a weight vector comprising a weight value associated with each of a plurality of plasticity parameters; define a cost function comprising a Lagrangian sum of the weight vector and an objective function associated with an identified programming model; initialize each plasticity parameter; run the identified programming model based on the initialized plasticity parameters; compute a first cost function based on the initialized plasticity parameters; calculate a derivative of the first cost function; subtract the calculated derivative from the initialized plasticity parameters to determine a second set of values for the plasticity parameters; compute a second cost function based on the second set of values for the plasticity parameters; and compare the second cost function and the first cost function. 8. A computer-implemented method comprising:
retrieving a plurality of performance data associated with a system running a programming model; executing an iterative control loop mechanism using the retrieved plurality of performance data; determining when an optimization state is achieved based on the results of the iterative control loop mechanism, wherein executing the iterative control loop mechanism comprises running one or more layer-specific optimization functions at each layer of a plurality of hierarchical layers of the programming model; and running one or more consolidation optimization functions to consolidate optimization results from different layers of the programming model. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the programming model comprises an algorithms layer, a toolchain layer, a runtime layer, and a hardware layer, and wherein the different layers comprise the algorithms layer, the toolchain layer, the runtime layer, and the hardware layer. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the performance data includes execution time, power utilization, power drawing, memory usage, utilization efficiency, or temperature sensor readings. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein optimization of an algorithm layer is implemented on an application-by-application basis. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein optimization of an algorithm layer is performed on all applications of the programming model at the same time. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein optimization of a runtime layer is performed by adjusting configuration parameters for a given application. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein running the one or more layer-specific optimization functions at each layer of the plurality of hierarchical layers of the programming model comprises:
defining a weight vector comprising a weight value associated with each of a plurality of plasticity parameters; defining a cost function comprising a Lagrangian sum of the weight vector and an objective function associated with an identified programming model; initializing each plasticity parameter; running the identified programming model based on the initialized plasticity parameters; computing a first cost function based on the initialized plasticity parameters; calculating a derivative of the first cost function; subtracting the calculated derivative from the initialized plasticity parameters to determine a second set of values for the plasticity parameters; computing a second cost function based on the second set of values for the plasticity parameters; and comparing the second cost function and the first cost function.
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Systems and methods are provided for optimizing parameters of a system across an entire stack, including algorithms layer, toolchain layer, execution or runtime layer, and hardware layer. Results from the layer-specific optimization functions of each domain can be consolidated using one or more consolidation optimization functions to consolidate the layer-specific optimization results, capturing the relationship between the different layers of the stack. Continuous monitoring of the programming model during execution may be implemented and can enable the programming model to self-adjust based on real-time performance metrics. In this way, programmers and system administrators are relieved of the need for domain knowledge and are offered a systematic way for continuous optimization (rather than an ad hoc approach).1. A non-transitory machine-readable storage media storing instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to:
retrieve a plurality of performance data associated with a system running a programming model; execute an iterative control loop mechanism using the retrieved plurality of performance data; determine when an optimization state is achieved based on the results of the iterative control loop mechanism, wherein executing the iterative control loop mechanism comprises running one or more layer-specific optimization functions at each layer of a plurality of hierarchical layers of the programming model; and run one or more consolidation optimization functions to consolidate optimization results from different layers of the programming model. 2. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein the programming model comprises an algorithms layer, a toolchain layer, a runtime layer, and a hardware layer, and wherein the different layers comprise the algorithms layer, the toolchain layer, the runtime layer, and the hardware layer. 3. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein the performance data includes execution time, power utilization, power drawing, memory usage, utilization efficiency, or temperature sensor readings. 4. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein optimization of an algorithm layer is implemented on an application-by-application basis. 5. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein optimization of an algorithm layer is performed on all applications of the programming model at the same time. 6. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein optimization of a runtime layer is performed by adjusting configuration parameters for a given application. 7. The machine-readable storage media of claim 1, wherein running the one or more layer-specific optimization functions at each layer of the plurality of hierarchical layers comprising the system and running the one or more consolidation optimization functions to consolidate optimization results from different layers comprises:
define a weight vector comprising a weight value associated with each of a plurality of plasticity parameters; define a cost function comprising a Lagrangian sum of the weight vector and an objective function associated with an identified programming model; initialize each plasticity parameter; run the identified programming model based on the initialized plasticity parameters; compute a first cost function based on the initialized plasticity parameters; calculate a derivative of the first cost function; subtract the calculated derivative from the initialized plasticity parameters to determine a second set of values for the plasticity parameters; compute a second cost function based on the second set of values for the plasticity parameters; and compare the second cost function and the first cost function. 8. A computer-implemented method comprising:
retrieving a plurality of performance data associated with a system running a programming model; executing an iterative control loop mechanism using the retrieved plurality of performance data; determining when an optimization state is achieved based on the results of the iterative control loop mechanism, wherein executing the iterative control loop mechanism comprises running one or more layer-specific optimization functions at each layer of a plurality of hierarchical layers of the programming model; and running one or more consolidation optimization functions to consolidate optimization results from different layers of the programming model. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the programming model comprises an algorithms layer, a toolchain layer, a runtime layer, and a hardware layer, and wherein the different layers comprise the algorithms layer, the toolchain layer, the runtime layer, and the hardware layer. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the performance data includes execution time, power utilization, power drawing, memory usage, utilization efficiency, or temperature sensor readings. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein optimization of an algorithm layer is implemented on an application-by-application basis. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein optimization of an algorithm layer is performed on all applications of the programming model at the same time. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein optimization of a runtime layer is performed by adjusting configuration parameters for a given application. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein running the one or more layer-specific optimization functions at each layer of the plurality of hierarchical layers of the programming model comprises:
defining a weight vector comprising a weight value associated with each of a plurality of plasticity parameters; defining a cost function comprising a Lagrangian sum of the weight vector and an objective function associated with an identified programming model; initializing each plasticity parameter; running the identified programming model based on the initialized plasticity parameters; computing a first cost function based on the initialized plasticity parameters; calculating a derivative of the first cost function; subtracting the calculated derivative from the initialized plasticity parameters to determine a second set of values for the plasticity parameters; computing a second cost function based on the second set of values for the plasticity parameters; and comparing the second cost function and the first cost function.
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