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[
"2013 World Women's Curling Championship",
"participant",
"Sweden"
] |
Latvia (host country)
Two teams from the Americas zone
Canada
United States (given that no challenges in the Americas zone were issued)
Seven teams from the 2012 European Curling Championships
Russia
Scotland
Sweden
Denmark
Switzerland
Italy
Germany
Two teams from the 2012 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships China
Japan
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"2013 World Women's Curling Championship",
"participant",
"Denmark"
] |
Latvia (host country)
Two teams from the Americas zone
Canada
United States (given that no challenges in the Americas zone were issued)
Seven teams from the 2012 European Curling Championships
Russia
Scotland
Sweden
Denmark
Switzerland
Italy
Germany
Two teams from the 2012 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships China
Japan
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"2013 World Women's Curling Championship",
"participant",
"Italy"
] |
Latvia (host country)
Two teams from the Americas zone
Canada
United States (given that no challenges in the Americas zone were issued)
Seven teams from the 2012 European Curling Championships
Russia
Scotland
Sweden
Denmark
Switzerland
Italy
Germany
Two teams from the 2012 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships China
JapanTeams
With Mirjam Ott's Swiss rink losing in the Swiss Championships, there was no defending team at the 2013 Women's Worlds. Representing Switzerland instead was 1999 World Junior champion Silvana Tirinzoni. Returning from the 2012 World championships was the Margaretha Sigfridsson rink, who won silver in 2012 as well as in 2002 and 2009. The team was selected by the Swedish Curling Association, despite losing to Anette Norberg in the Swedish final, feeling that they would be a better representative. Also returning from 2012 was 2009 World Champion Wang Bingyu of China, 2-time European bronze medalist Lene Nielsen of Denmark, 2006 European silver medalist Diana Gaspari of Italy, reigning European champion Anna Sidorova of Russia and four-time World Junior champion Eve Muirhead of Scotland. Also, two-time world champion Andrea Schöpp of Germany, whose team represented Germany in 2012 is also returning, having missed the 2012 tournament due to a leg injury. Making her seventh appearance at the Worlds is U.S. skip, Erika Brown, who is a two-time world silver medalist. The host Latvian team was skipped by Iveta Staša-Šaršūne who finished last in her lone appearance in 2010. Making their World debuts was Canadian skip Rachel Homan, the 2010 World Junior silver medalist and Japanese skip Satsuki Fujisawa who is a two-time Pacific Junior champion.
The teams are listed as follows:
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"2013 World Women's Curling Championship",
"participant",
"Switzerland"
] |
Latvia (host country)
Two teams from the Americas zone
Canada
United States (given that no challenges in the Americas zone were issued)
Seven teams from the 2012 European Curling Championships
Russia
Scotland
Sweden
Denmark
Switzerland
Italy
Germany
Two teams from the 2012 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships China
Japan
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"2013 World Women's Curling Championship",
"participant",
"Germany"
] |
Latvia (host country)
Two teams from the Americas zone
Canada
United States (given that no challenges in the Americas zone were issued)
Seven teams from the 2012 European Curling Championships
Russia
Scotland
Sweden
Denmark
Switzerland
Italy
Germany
Two teams from the 2012 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships China
JapanTeams
With Mirjam Ott's Swiss rink losing in the Swiss Championships, there was no defending team at the 2013 Women's Worlds. Representing Switzerland instead was 1999 World Junior champion Silvana Tirinzoni. Returning from the 2012 World championships was the Margaretha Sigfridsson rink, who won silver in 2012 as well as in 2002 and 2009. The team was selected by the Swedish Curling Association, despite losing to Anette Norberg in the Swedish final, feeling that they would be a better representative. Also returning from 2012 was 2009 World Champion Wang Bingyu of China, 2-time European bronze medalist Lene Nielsen of Denmark, 2006 European silver medalist Diana Gaspari of Italy, reigning European champion Anna Sidorova of Russia and four-time World Junior champion Eve Muirhead of Scotland. Also, two-time world champion Andrea Schöpp of Germany, whose team represented Germany in 2012 is also returning, having missed the 2012 tournament due to a leg injury. Making her seventh appearance at the Worlds is U.S. skip, Erika Brown, who is a two-time world silver medalist. The host Latvian team was skipped by Iveta Staša-Šaršūne who finished last in her lone appearance in 2010. Making their World debuts was Canadian skip Rachel Homan, the 2010 World Junior silver medalist and Japanese skip Satsuki Fujisawa who is a two-time Pacific Junior champion.
The teams are listed as follows:
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"2013 World Women's Curling Championship",
"participant",
"Russia"
] |
Latvia (host country)
Two teams from the Americas zone
Canada
United States (given that no challenges in the Americas zone were issued)
Seven teams from the 2012 European Curling Championships
Russia
Scotland
Sweden
Denmark
Switzerland
Italy
Germany
Two teams from the 2012 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships China
JapanTeams
With Mirjam Ott's Swiss rink losing in the Swiss Championships, there was no defending team at the 2013 Women's Worlds. Representing Switzerland instead was 1999 World Junior champion Silvana Tirinzoni. Returning from the 2012 World championships was the Margaretha Sigfridsson rink, who won silver in 2012 as well as in 2002 and 2009. The team was selected by the Swedish Curling Association, despite losing to Anette Norberg in the Swedish final, feeling that they would be a better representative. Also returning from 2012 was 2009 World Champion Wang Bingyu of China, 2-time European bronze medalist Lene Nielsen of Denmark, 2006 European silver medalist Diana Gaspari of Italy, reigning European champion Anna Sidorova of Russia and four-time World Junior champion Eve Muirhead of Scotland. Also, two-time world champion Andrea Schöpp of Germany, whose team represented Germany in 2012 is also returning, having missed the 2012 tournament due to a leg injury. Making her seventh appearance at the Worlds is U.S. skip, Erika Brown, who is a two-time world silver medalist. The host Latvian team was skipped by Iveta Staša-Šaršūne who finished last in her lone appearance in 2010. Making their World debuts was Canadian skip Rachel Homan, the 2010 World Junior silver medalist and Japanese skip Satsuki Fujisawa who is a two-time Pacific Junior champion.
The teams are listed as follows:
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"2013 World Women's Curling Championship",
"participant",
"Latvia"
] |
Latvia (host country)
Two teams from the Americas zone
Canada
United States (given that no challenges in the Americas zone were issued)
Seven teams from the 2012 European Curling Championships
Russia
Scotland
Sweden
Denmark
Switzerland
Italy
Germany
Two teams from the 2012 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships China
JapanTeams
With Mirjam Ott's Swiss rink losing in the Swiss Championships, there was no defending team at the 2013 Women's Worlds. Representing Switzerland instead was 1999 World Junior champion Silvana Tirinzoni. Returning from the 2012 World championships was the Margaretha Sigfridsson rink, who won silver in 2012 as well as in 2002 and 2009. The team was selected by the Swedish Curling Association, despite losing to Anette Norberg in the Swedish final, feeling that they would be a better representative. Also returning from 2012 was 2009 World Champion Wang Bingyu of China, 2-time European bronze medalist Lene Nielsen of Denmark, 2006 European silver medalist Diana Gaspari of Italy, reigning European champion Anna Sidorova of Russia and four-time World Junior champion Eve Muirhead of Scotland. Also, two-time world champion Andrea Schöpp of Germany, whose team represented Germany in 2012 is also returning, having missed the 2012 tournament due to a leg injury. Making her seventh appearance at the Worlds is U.S. skip, Erika Brown, who is a two-time world silver medalist. The host Latvian team was skipped by Iveta Staša-Šaršūne who finished last in her lone appearance in 2010. Making their World debuts was Canadian skip Rachel Homan, the 2010 World Junior silver medalist and Japanese skip Satsuki Fujisawa who is a two-time Pacific Junior champion.
The teams are listed as follows:
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"2013 World Women's Curling Championship",
"winner",
"Scotland women's national curling team"
] |
The 2013 World Women's Curling Championship (branded as the Titlis Glacier Mountain World Women's Curling Championship 2013 for sponsorship reasons) was held at the Volvo Sports Centre in Riga, Latvia from March 16 to 24. It marked the first time that Latvia has hosted the World Women's Championship. This event was also a qualifying event for the 2014 Winter Olympics, awarding points to countries based on performance at the worlds.
Scotland's Eve Muirhead won the event, becoming the youngest skip to ever win the women's curling championship at 22 years of age. She edged Sweden's Margaretha Sigfridsson, the previous year's silver medallist, in the final with a score of 6–5. Canada's Rachel Homan won the bronze medal after defeating Erika Brown of the United States with a score of 8–6.
|
winner
| 119 |
[
"champion",
"victor",
"conqueror",
"first place",
"triumph"
] | null | null |
[
"2013 World Men's Curling Championship",
"participant",
"Canada"
] |
Qualification
The following nations qualified to participate in the 2013 World Men's Curling Championship:Canada (host nation)
One team from the Americas zone
United States (given that no challenges in the Americas zone were issued)
Eight teams from the 2012 European Curling Championships
Norway
Sweden
Czech Republic
Denmark
Russia
Switzerland
Scotland
Finland (winner of the World Challenge Games)
Two teams from the 2012 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships China
Japan
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"2013 World Men's Curling Championship",
"participant",
"Japan"
] |
Canada (host nation)
One team from the Americas zone
United States (given that no challenges in the Americas zone were issued)
Eight teams from the 2012 European Curling Championships
Norway
Sweden
Czech Republic
Denmark
Russia
Switzerland
Scotland
Finland (winner of the World Challenge Games)
Two teams from the 2012 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships China
Japan
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"2013 World Men's Curling Championship",
"participant",
"Norway"
] |
Canada (host nation)
One team from the Americas zone
United States (given that no challenges in the Americas zone were issued)
Eight teams from the 2012 European Curling Championships
Norway
Sweden
Czech Republic
Denmark
Russia
Switzerland
Scotland
Finland (winner of the World Challenge Games)
Two teams from the 2012 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships China
Japan
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"2013 World Men's Curling Championship",
"participant",
"United States of America"
] |
Canada (host nation)
One team from the Americas zone
United States (given that no challenges in the Americas zone were issued)
Eight teams from the 2012 European Curling Championships
Norway
Sweden
Czech Republic
Denmark
Russia
Switzerland
Scotland
Finland (winner of the World Challenge Games)
Two teams from the 2012 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships China
Japan
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"2013 World Men's Curling Championship",
"participant",
"Finland"
] |
Canada (host nation)
One team from the Americas zone
United States (given that no challenges in the Americas zone were issued)
Eight teams from the 2012 European Curling Championships
Norway
Sweden
Czech Republic
Denmark
Russia
Switzerland
Scotland
Finland (winner of the World Challenge Games)
Two teams from the 2012 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships China
Japan
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"2013 World Men's Curling Championship",
"participant",
"Sweden"
] |
Qualification
The following nations qualified to participate in the 2013 World Men's Curling Championship:Canada (host nation)
One team from the Americas zone
United States (given that no challenges in the Americas zone were issued)
Eight teams from the 2012 European Curling Championships
Norway
Sweden
Czech Republic
Denmark
Russia
Switzerland
Scotland
Finland (winner of the World Challenge Games)
Two teams from the 2012 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships China
Japan
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"2013 World Men's Curling Championship",
"participant",
"Czech Republic"
] |
Canada (host nation)
One team from the Americas zone
United States (given that no challenges in the Americas zone were issued)
Eight teams from the 2012 European Curling Championships
Norway
Sweden
Czech Republic
Denmark
Russia
Switzerland
Scotland
Finland (winner of the World Challenge Games)
Two teams from the 2012 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships China
Japan
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"2013 World Men's Curling Championship",
"location",
"Save-On-Foods Memorial Centre"
] |
The 2013 World Men's Curling Championship (branded as the Ford World Men's Curling Championship 2013 for sponsorship reasons) was held from March 30 to April 7, 2013 at the Save-On-Foods Memorial Centre in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. This marked the twenty-first time that Canada hosted the World Men's Championship, the fifth time that the province of British Columbia hosted the World Men's Championship, and the second time that Victoria hosted the World Men's Championship. Victoria previously hosted the championships in 2005. The event was also a qualifying event for the 2014 Winter Olympics, awarding points to countries based on performance at this tournament.
|
location
| 29 |
[
"place",
"position",
"site",
"locale",
"spot"
] | null | null |
[
"2013 World Men's Curling Championship",
"instance of",
"sports season"
] |
The 2013 World Men's Curling Championship (branded as the Ford World Men's Curling Championship 2013 for sponsorship reasons) was held from March 30 to April 7, 2013 at the Save-On-Foods Memorial Centre in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. This marked the twenty-first time that Canada hosted the World Men's Championship, the fifth time that the province of British Columbia hosted the World Men's Championship, and the second time that Victoria hosted the World Men's Championship. Victoria previously hosted the championships in 2005. The event was also a qualifying event for the 2014 Winter Olympics, awarding points to countries based on performance at this tournament.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Operation Varsity",
"location",
"Wesel"
] |
Operation Varsity (24 March 1945) was a successful airborne forces operation launched by Allied troops that took place toward the end of World War II. Involving more than 16,000 paratroopers and several thousand aircraft, it was the largest airborne operation in history to be conducted on a single day and in one location.Varsity was part of Operation Plunder, the Anglo-American-Canadian assault under Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery to cross the northern Rhine River and from there enter Northern Germany. Varsity was meant to help the surface river assault troops secure a foothold across the Rhine River in Western Germany by landing two airborne divisions on the eastern bank of the Rhine near the village of Hamminkeln and the town of Wesel.
The plans called for the dropping of two divisions from U.S. XVIII Airborne Corps, under Major General Matthew B. Ridgway, to capture key territory and to generally disrupt German defenses to aid the advance of Allied ground forces. The British 6th Airborne Division was ordered to capture the villages of Schnappenberg and Hamminkeln, clear part of the Diersfordter Wald (Diersfordt Forest) of German forces, and secure three bridges over the River Issel. The U.S. 17th Airborne Division was to capture the village of Diersfordt and clear the rest of the Diersfordter Wald of any remaining German forces. The two divisions would hold the territory they had captured until relieved by advancing units of 21st Army Group, and then join in the general advance into northern Germany.
The airborne forces made several mistakes, most notably when pilot error caused paratroopers from the 513th Parachute Infantry Regiment, a regiment of the U.S. 17th Airborne Division, to miss their drop zone and land on a British drop zone instead. However, the operation was a success, with both divisions capturing Rhine bridges and securing towns that could have been used by Germany to delay the advance of the British ground forces. The two divisions incurred more than 2,000 casualties, but captured about 3,500 German soldiers. The operation was the last large-scale Allied airborne operation of World War II.
|
location
| 29 |
[
"place",
"position",
"site",
"locale",
"spot"
] | null | null |
[
"Operation Varsity",
"participant",
"William M. Miley"
] |
Background
By March 1945, the Allied armies had advanced into Germany and had reached the River Rhine. The Rhine was a formidable natural obstacle to the Allied advance, but if breached would allow the Allies to access the North German Plain and ultimately advance on Berlin and other major cities in Northern Germany. Following the "Broad Front Approach" laid out by General Dwight David Eisenhower, the Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force, it was decided to attempt to breach the Rhine in several areas. Field Marshal Sir Bernard Montgomery, commanding the Anglo-Canadian 21st Army Group, devised a plan, code-named Operation Plunder, that would allow the forces under his command to breach the Rhine, which was subsequently authorized by Eisenhower. Plunder envisioned the British Second Army, under Lieutenant-General Miles C. Dempsey, and the U.S. Ninth Army, under Lieutenant General William Simpson, crossing the Rhine at Rees, Wesel, and an area south of the Lippe Canal.To ensure that the operation was a success, Montgomery insisted that an airborne component be inserted into the plans for the operation, to support the amphibious assaults that would take place; this was code-named Operation Varsity. Three airborne divisions were initially chosen to participate in the operation, these being the British 6th Airborne Division, the U.S. 13th Airborne Division and the U.S. 17th Airborne Division, all of which were assigned to U.S. XVIII Airborne Corps, commanded by Major General Matthew B. Ridgway. One of these airborne formations, the British 6th Airborne Division, commanded by Major-General Eric Bols, was a veteran division; it had taken part in Operation Overlord, the assault on Normandy in June the previous year. However, the U.S. 17th Airborne Division, under Major General William Miley, had been activated only in April 1943 and had arrived in Britain in August 1944, too late to participate in Operation Overlord. The division did not participate in Operation Market Garden. It did, however, participate in the Ardennes campaign but had yet to take part in a combat drop. The U.S. 13th Airborne Division, under Major General Eldridge Chapman, had been activated in August 1943 and was transferred to France in 1945; the formation itself had never seen action, although one of its regiments, the 517th Parachute Infantry, had fought briefly in Italy, and later in Southern France and the Ardennes campaign.
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"Operation Varsity",
"participant",
"Matthew Ridgway"
] |
Operation Varsity (24 March 1945) was a successful airborne forces operation launched by Allied troops that took place toward the end of World War II. Involving more than 16,000 paratroopers and several thousand aircraft, it was the largest airborne operation in history to be conducted on a single day and in one location.Varsity was part of Operation Plunder, the Anglo-American-Canadian assault under Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery to cross the northern Rhine River and from there enter Northern Germany. Varsity was meant to help the surface river assault troops secure a foothold across the Rhine River in Western Germany by landing two airborne divisions on the eastern bank of the Rhine near the village of Hamminkeln and the town of Wesel.
The plans called for the dropping of two divisions from U.S. XVIII Airborne Corps, under Major General Matthew B. Ridgway, to capture key territory and to generally disrupt German defenses to aid the advance of Allied ground forces. The British 6th Airborne Division was ordered to capture the villages of Schnappenberg and Hamminkeln, clear part of the Diersfordter Wald (Diersfordt Forest) of German forces, and secure three bridges over the River Issel. The U.S. 17th Airborne Division was to capture the village of Diersfordt and clear the rest of the Diersfordter Wald of any remaining German forces. The two divisions would hold the territory they had captured until relieved by advancing units of 21st Army Group, and then join in the general advance into northern Germany.
The airborne forces made several mistakes, most notably when pilot error caused paratroopers from the 513th Parachute Infantry Regiment, a regiment of the U.S. 17th Airborne Division, to miss their drop zone and land on a British drop zone instead. However, the operation was a success, with both divisions capturing Rhine bridges and securing towns that could have been used by Germany to delay the advance of the British ground forces. The two divisions incurred more than 2,000 casualties, but captured about 3,500 German soldiers. The operation was the last large-scale Allied airborne operation of World War II.
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"Operation Varsity",
"instance of",
"military operation"
] |
Operation Varsity (24 March 1945) was a successful airborne forces operation launched by Allied troops that took place toward the end of World War II. Involving more than 16,000 paratroopers and several thousand aircraft, it was the largest airborne operation in history to be conducted on a single day and in one location.Varsity was part of Operation Plunder, the Anglo-American-Canadian assault under Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery to cross the northern Rhine River and from there enter Northern Germany. Varsity was meant to help the surface river assault troops secure a foothold across the Rhine River in Western Germany by landing two airborne divisions on the eastern bank of the Rhine near the village of Hamminkeln and the town of Wesel.
The plans called for the dropping of two divisions from U.S. XVIII Airborne Corps, under Major General Matthew B. Ridgway, to capture key territory and to generally disrupt German defenses to aid the advance of Allied ground forces. The British 6th Airborne Division was ordered to capture the villages of Schnappenberg and Hamminkeln, clear part of the Diersfordter Wald (Diersfordt Forest) of German forces, and secure three bridges over the River Issel. The U.S. 17th Airborne Division was to capture the village of Diersfordt and clear the rest of the Diersfordter Wald of any remaining German forces. The two divisions would hold the territory they had captured until relieved by advancing units of 21st Army Group, and then join in the general advance into northern Germany.
The airborne forces made several mistakes, most notably when pilot error caused paratroopers from the 513th Parachute Infantry Regiment, a regiment of the U.S. 17th Airborne Division, to miss their drop zone and land on a British drop zone instead. However, the operation was a success, with both divisions capturing Rhine bridges and securing towns that could have been used by Germany to delay the advance of the British ground forces. The two divisions incurred more than 2,000 casualties, but captured about 3,500 German soldiers. The operation was the last large-scale Allied airborne operation of World War II.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"G7",
"participant",
"Canada"
] |
2018 Trump conflict over tariffs and Russia
The 2018 meeting in Charlevoix, Canada, was marred by fractious negotiations concerning tariffs and Donald Trump's position that Russia should be reinstated to the G7. The Trump administration had just imposed steel and aluminium tariffs on many countries, including European countries that are fellow members of the G7, and Canada, the host country for the 2018 meeting. Trump expressed dismay at Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau for holding a press conference in which Canada restated its position on tariffs (a public criticism of Trump's economic policy), and directed his representatives at the meeting not to sign the economic section of the joint communiqué that is typically issued at the conclusion of the meeting.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel described Trump's behaviour as a "depressing withdrawal," while French President Emmanuel Macron invited him "to be serious." In the final statement signed by all members except the US, the G7 announced its intention to recall sanctions and to be ready to take further restrictive measures within the next months against the Russian Federation for its failure to completely implement the Minsk Agreement.Trump repeated calls for Russia to be re-admitted to the group at the 2019 meeting in Biarritz, saying it should be included in discussions relating to Iran, Syria, and North Korea. The Italian Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte supported Trump's proposal, Shinzo Abe of Japan was neutral, and the rest of the G7 pushed back against the suggestion, after which the atmosphere allegedly became "tense".
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"G7",
"has part(s)",
"4th G7 summit"
] |
List of summits
Country leaders and EU representatives (as of 2023)
Current leaders
Member country data
The G7 is composed of the seven wealthiest advanced countries. The People's Republic of China, according to its data, would be the second-largest with 17.90% of the world net wealth, but is excluded because of its relatively low net wealth per adult and Human Development Index. As of 2021, Crédit Suisse reports the G7 (without the European Union) represents around 53% of the global net wealth; including the EU, the G7 accounts for over 60% of the global net wealth.
|
has part(s)
| 19 |
[
"contains",
"comprises",
"includes",
"consists of",
"has components"
] | null | null |
[
"G7",
"has part(s)",
"3rd G7 summit"
] |
List of summits
Country leaders and EU representatives (as of 2023)
Current leaders
Member country data
The G7 is composed of the seven wealthiest advanced countries. The People's Republic of China, according to its data, would be the second-largest with 17.90% of the world net wealth, but is excluded because of its relatively low net wealth per adult and Human Development Index. As of 2021, Crédit Suisse reports the G7 (without the European Union) represents around 53% of the global net wealth; including the EU, the G7 accounts for over 60% of the global net wealth.
|
has part(s)
| 19 |
[
"contains",
"comprises",
"includes",
"consists of",
"has components"
] | null | null |
[
"G7",
"has part(s)",
"7th G7 summit"
] |
The International Group of Seven (G7) is an intergovernmental political forum consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States; additionally, the European Union (EU) is a "non-enumerated member". It is officially organized around shared values of pluralism and representative government, with members making up the world's largest IMF advanced economies and liberal democracies. As of 2020, G7 members account for over half of global net wealth (at over $200 trillion), 30 to 43 percent of global gross domestic product, and 10 percent of the world's population (770 million people). Members are great powers in global affairs and maintain mutually close political, economic, diplomatic, and military relations.
Originating from an ad hoc gathering of finance ministers in 1973, the G7 has since become a formal, high-profile venue for discussing and coordinating solutions to major global issues, especially in the areas of trade, security, economics, and climate change. Each member's head of government or state, along with the EU's Commission President and Council President, meet annually at the G7 Summit; other high-ranking officials of the G7 and the EU meet throughout the year. Representatives of other states and international organizations are often invited as guests, with Russia having been a formal member (as part of the Group of Eight) from 1997 to 2014.
The G7 is not based on a treaty and has no permanent secretariat or office. It is organized through a presidency that rotates annually among the member states, with the presiding state setting the group's priorities and hosting and organizing its summit; Japan currently presides for 2023. While lacking a legal or institutional basis, the G7 is widely considered to wield significant international influence; it has catalyzed or spearheaded several major global initiatives, including efforts to combat the HIV/AIDS pandemic, provide financial aid to developing countries, and address climate change through the 2015 Paris Agreement. However, the group has been criticized by observers for its allegedly outdated and limited membership, narrow global representation, and ineffectualness. It is also opposed by anti-globalization groups, which often protest at summits.
|
has part(s)
| 19 |
[
"contains",
"comprises",
"includes",
"consists of",
"has components"
] | null | null |
[
"G7",
"participant",
"Japan"
] |
History
Origins
The concept of a forum for the capitalist world's major industrialized countries emerged before the 1973 oil crisis. On 25 March 1973, the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, George Shultz, convened an informal gathering of finance ministers from West Germany (Helmut Schmidt), France (Valéry Giscard d'Estaing), and the United Kingdom (Anthony Barber) before an upcoming meeting in Washington, D.C. U.S. President Richard Nixon offered the White House as a venue, and the meeting was subsequently held in its library on the ground floor; the original group of four consequently became known as the "Library Group". In mid-1973, at the Spring Meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, Shultz proposed the addition of Japan, which all members accepted. The informal gathering of senior financial officials from the U.S., U.K., West Germany, Japan, and France became known as the "Group of Five".In 1974, all five members endured sudden and often troubled changes in leadership. French President Georges Pompidou abruptly died, leading to a fresh presidential election that was closely won by Valéry Giscard d'Estaing. West German Chancellor Willy Brandt, American President Richard Nixon, and Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka all resigned due to scandals. In the United Kingdom, a hung election led to a minority government whose subsequent instability prompted another election the same year. Consequently, Nixon's successor, Gerald Ford, proposed a retreat the following year for the group's new leaders to learn about one another.
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"G7",
"participant",
"France"
] |
History
Origins
The concept of a forum for the capitalist world's major industrialized countries emerged before the 1973 oil crisis. On 25 March 1973, the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, George Shultz, convened an informal gathering of finance ministers from West Germany (Helmut Schmidt), France (Valéry Giscard d'Estaing), and the United Kingdom (Anthony Barber) before an upcoming meeting in Washington, D.C. U.S. President Richard Nixon offered the White House as a venue, and the meeting was subsequently held in its library on the ground floor; the original group of four consequently became known as the "Library Group". In mid-1973, at the Spring Meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, Shultz proposed the addition of Japan, which all members accepted. The informal gathering of senior financial officials from the U.S., U.K., West Germany, Japan, and France became known as the "Group of Five".In 1974, all five members endured sudden and often troubled changes in leadership. French President Georges Pompidou abruptly died, leading to a fresh presidential election that was closely won by Valéry Giscard d'Estaing. West German Chancellor Willy Brandt, American President Richard Nixon, and Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka all resigned due to scandals. In the United Kingdom, a hung election led to a minority government whose subsequent instability prompted another election the same year. Consequently, Nixon's successor, Gerald Ford, proposed a retreat the following year for the group's new leaders to learn about one another.
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"G7",
"participant",
"United Kingdom"
] |
The International Group of Seven (G7) is an intergovernmental political forum consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States; additionally, the European Union (EU) is a "non-enumerated member". It is officially organized around shared values of pluralism and representative government, with members making up the world's largest IMF advanced economies and liberal democracies. As of 2020, G7 members account for over half of global net wealth (at over $200 trillion), 30 to 43 percent of global gross domestic product, and 10 percent of the world's population (770 million people). Members are great powers in global affairs and maintain mutually close political, economic, diplomatic, and military relations.
Originating from an ad hoc gathering of finance ministers in 1973, the G7 has since become a formal, high-profile venue for discussing and coordinating solutions to major global issues, especially in the areas of trade, security, economics, and climate change. Each member's head of government or state, along with the EU's Commission President and Council President, meet annually at the G7 Summit; other high-ranking officials of the G7 and the EU meet throughout the year. Representatives of other states and international organizations are often invited as guests, with Russia having been a formal member (as part of the Group of Eight) from 1997 to 2014.
The G7 is not based on a treaty and has no permanent secretariat or office. It is organized through a presidency that rotates annually among the member states, with the presiding state setting the group's priorities and hosting and organizing its summit; Japan currently presides for 2023. While lacking a legal or institutional basis, the G7 is widely considered to wield significant international influence; it has catalyzed or spearheaded several major global initiatives, including efforts to combat the HIV/AIDS pandemic, provide financial aid to developing countries, and address climate change through the 2015 Paris Agreement. However, the group has been criticized by observers for its allegedly outdated and limited membership, narrow global representation, and ineffectualness. It is also opposed by anti-globalization groups, which often protest at summits.History
Origins
The concept of a forum for the capitalist world's major industrialized countries emerged before the 1973 oil crisis. On 25 March 1973, the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, George Shultz, convened an informal gathering of finance ministers from West Germany (Helmut Schmidt), France (Valéry Giscard d'Estaing), and the United Kingdom (Anthony Barber) before an upcoming meeting in Washington, D.C. U.S. President Richard Nixon offered the White House as a venue, and the meeting was subsequently held in its library on the ground floor; the original group of four consequently became known as the "Library Group". In mid-1973, at the Spring Meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, Shultz proposed the addition of Japan, which all members accepted. The informal gathering of senior financial officials from the U.S., U.K., West Germany, Japan, and France became known as the "Group of Five".In 1974, all five members endured sudden and often troubled changes in leadership. French President Georges Pompidou abruptly died, leading to a fresh presidential election that was closely won by Valéry Giscard d'Estaing. West German Chancellor Willy Brandt, American President Richard Nixon, and Japanese Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka all resigned due to scandals. In the United Kingdom, a hung election led to a minority government whose subsequent instability prompted another election the same year. Consequently, Nixon's successor, Gerald Ford, proposed a retreat the following year for the group's new leaders to learn about one another.First summit and expansion
At the initiative of Giscard d'Estaing and his German counterpart, Helmut Schmidt, France hosted a three-day summit in November 1975, inviting the Group of Five plus Italy, forming the "Group of Six" (G6). Taking place at the Château de Rambouillet, the meeting focused on several major economic issues, including the oil crisis, the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, and the ongoing global recession. The result was the 15-point "Declaration of Rambouillet", which, among other positions, announced the group's united commitment to promoting free trade, multilateralism, cooperation with the developing world, and rapprochement with the Eastern Bloc. The members also established plans for future gatherings to take place regularly every year.
In 1976, British Prime Minister Harold Wilson, who had participated in the first G6 summit, resigned from office; Schmidt and Ford believed the group needed an English speaker with more political experience, and advocated for inviting Pierre Trudeau, who had been Prime Minister of Canada for eight years – significantly longer than any G6 leader. Canada was also the next largest advanced economy after the G6 members. The summit in Dorado, Puerto Rico later that year became the first of the current Group of Seven (G7).In 1977, the United Kingdom, which hosted that year's summit, invited the European Economic Community to join all G7 summits; beginning in 1981, it had attended every gathering through the president of the European Commission and the leader of the country holding the presidency of the Council of the European Union. Since 2009, the then-newly established position of the President of the European Council, who serves as the Union's principal foreign representative, also regularly attends the summits.
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"G7",
"has part(s)",
"20th G7 summit"
] |
The International Group of Seven (G7) is an intergovernmental political forum consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States; additionally, the European Union (EU) is a "non-enumerated member". It is officially organized around shared values of pluralism and representative government, with members making up the world's largest IMF advanced economies and liberal democracies. As of 2020, G7 members account for over half of global net wealth (at over $200 trillion), 30 to 43 percent of global gross domestic product, and 10 percent of the world's population (770 million people). Members are great powers in global affairs and maintain mutually close political, economic, diplomatic, and military relations.
Originating from an ad hoc gathering of finance ministers in 1973, the G7 has since become a formal, high-profile venue for discussing and coordinating solutions to major global issues, especially in the areas of trade, security, economics, and climate change. Each member's head of government or state, along with the EU's Commission President and Council President, meet annually at the G7 Summit; other high-ranking officials of the G7 and the EU meet throughout the year. Representatives of other states and international organizations are often invited as guests, with Russia having been a formal member (as part of the Group of Eight) from 1997 to 2014.
The G7 is not based on a treaty and has no permanent secretariat or office. It is organized through a presidency that rotates annually among the member states, with the presiding state setting the group's priorities and hosting and organizing its summit; Japan currently presides for 2023. While lacking a legal or institutional basis, the G7 is widely considered to wield significant international influence; it has catalyzed or spearheaded several major global initiatives, including efforts to combat the HIV/AIDS pandemic, provide financial aid to developing countries, and address climate change through the 2015 Paris Agreement. However, the group has been criticized by observers for its allegedly outdated and limited membership, narrow global representation, and ineffectualness. It is also opposed by anti-globalization groups, which often protest at summits.
|
has part(s)
| 19 |
[
"contains",
"comprises",
"includes",
"consists of",
"has components"
] | null | null |
[
"1960 Scotch Cup",
"participant",
"Scotland"
] |
The 1960 Scotch Cup was the second edition of what would later be the men's World Curling Championship. It was hosted in Ayr, Edinburgh and Glasgow, Scotland with Canada and Scotland being the two teams to compete in the competition. In the five game series it was Canada who defeated Scotland 5-0.ReferencesResults from the World Curling Federation
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"1960 Scotch Cup",
"sport",
"curling"
] |
The 1960 Scotch Cup was the second edition of what would later be the men's World Curling Championship. It was hosted in Ayr, Edinburgh and Glasgow, Scotland with Canada and Scotland being the two teams to compete in the competition. In the five game series it was Canada who defeated Scotland 5-0.
|
sport
| 89 |
[
"athletics",
"competitive physical activity",
"physical competition"
] | null | null |
[
"1960 Scotch Cup",
"followed by",
"1961 Scotch Cup"
] |
Teams
Standings
Results
Draw 1
March 18, Ayr
|
followed by
| 17 |
[
"succeeded by",
"later followed by",
"came after"
] | null | null |
[
"1965 Scotch Cup",
"participant",
"United States of America"
] |
The 1965 Scotch Cup was the seventh edition of the Scotch Cup and was held from 15 to 18 March in Perth, Scotland at the Perth Ice Rink.
Six teams entered the competition with the final seeing the United States claim an upset victory over Canada with the team winning the final two ends of the match to record their first title with a 9-6 victory.
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"1964 Scotch Cup",
"country",
"Canada"
] |
The 1964 Scotch Cup was the sixth edition of the Scotch Cup with the tournament being held outside of Scotland for the first time with Calgary, Canada hosting the tournament at the Stampede Corral from March 16–19, 1964.
The tournament was expanded to six teams with Norway and Switzerland debuting in the tournament. This meant a playoff system had to be introduced with the top four teams competing in a knockout format. The final saw Canada claim their sixth title defeating Scotland 12-10 in an extra 13th end. In the extra, with the game tied 10–10, with Canada having hammer, Scottish skip Alex F. Torrance was heavy with his final draw against two Canadian rocks, and Canada skip Lyall Dagg didn't have to throw his last rock.The attendance for the week was 20,242, a record for the time, and included an attendance of 4,370 for the final.
|
country
| 7 |
[
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
[
"1964 Scotch Cup",
"participant",
"Canada"
] |
The 1964 Scotch Cup was the sixth edition of the Scotch Cup with the tournament being held outside of Scotland for the first time with Calgary, Canada hosting the tournament at the Stampede Corral from March 16–19, 1964.
The tournament was expanded to six teams with Norway and Switzerland debuting in the tournament. This meant a playoff system had to be introduced with the top four teams competing in a knockout format. The final saw Canada claim their sixth title defeating Scotland 12-10 in an extra 13th end. In the extra, with the game tied 10–10, with Canada having hammer, Scottish skip Alex F. Torrance was heavy with his final draw against two Canadian rocks, and Canada skip Lyall Dagg didn't have to throw his last rock.The attendance for the week was 20,242, a record for the time, and included an attendance of 4,370 for the final.
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"1964 Scotch Cup",
"participant",
"Scotland"
] |
The 1964 Scotch Cup was the sixth edition of the Scotch Cup with the tournament being held outside of Scotland for the first time with Calgary, Canada hosting the tournament at the Stampede Corral from March 16–19, 1964.
The tournament was expanded to six teams with Norway and Switzerland debuting in the tournament. This meant a playoff system had to be introduced with the top four teams competing in a knockout format. The final saw Canada claim their sixth title defeating Scotland 12-10 in an extra 13th end. In the extra, with the game tied 10–10, with Canada having hammer, Scottish skip Alex F. Torrance was heavy with his final draw against two Canadian rocks, and Canada skip Lyall Dagg didn't have to throw his last rock.The attendance for the week was 20,242, a record for the time, and included an attendance of 4,370 for the final.
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"1964 Scotch Cup",
"participant",
"Switzerland"
] |
The 1964 Scotch Cup was the sixth edition of the Scotch Cup with the tournament being held outside of Scotland for the first time with Calgary, Canada hosting the tournament at the Stampede Corral from March 16–19, 1964.
The tournament was expanded to six teams with Norway and Switzerland debuting in the tournament. This meant a playoff system had to be introduced with the top four teams competing in a knockout format. The final saw Canada claim their sixth title defeating Scotland 12-10 in an extra 13th end. In the extra, with the game tied 10–10, with Canada having hammer, Scottish skip Alex F. Torrance was heavy with his final draw against two Canadian rocks, and Canada skip Lyall Dagg didn't have to throw his last rock.The attendance for the week was 20,242, a record for the time, and included an attendance of 4,370 for the final.
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"1964 Scotch Cup",
"location",
"Stampede Corral"
] |
The 1964 Scotch Cup was the sixth edition of the Scotch Cup with the tournament being held outside of Scotland for the first time with Calgary, Canada hosting the tournament at the Stampede Corral from March 16–19, 1964.
The tournament was expanded to six teams with Norway and Switzerland debuting in the tournament. This meant a playoff system had to be introduced with the top four teams competing in a knockout format. The final saw Canada claim their sixth title defeating Scotland 12-10 in an extra 13th end. In the extra, with the game tied 10–10, with Canada having hammer, Scottish skip Alex F. Torrance was heavy with his final draw against two Canadian rocks, and Canada skip Lyall Dagg didn't have to throw his last rock.The attendance for the week was 20,242, a record for the time, and included an attendance of 4,370 for the final.
|
location
| 29 |
[
"place",
"position",
"site",
"locale",
"spot"
] | null | null |
[
"1959 Scotch Cup",
"location",
"Edinburgh"
] |
The 1959 Scotch Cup was the first World Curling Championship. It was a five-game series between the curling teams of Canada and Scotland. The Scotch Cup was held from the 9-11 March with games being held in Edinburgh, Perth and Falkirk.
The event was a contrast in curling styles, with the Canadians favouring a hitting game and the Scots favouring the draw game. The Scots were also not used to the rubber hack and the Canadian rules allowing a delivery to the length of the near hogline. Scottish rules at that point dictated the rock to be released by the front of the near house. The Canadian rules favoured the Canadian team, which allowed them a more accurate delivery, which benefited them in the hitting game. Canada would win all five matches in their tour of Scotland.
|
location
| 29 |
[
"place",
"position",
"site",
"locale",
"spot"
] | null | null |
[
"1959 Scotch Cup",
"sport",
"curling"
] |
The 1959 Scotch Cup was the first World Curling Championship. It was a five-game series between the curling teams of Canada and Scotland. The Scotch Cup was held from the 9-11 March with games being held in Edinburgh, Perth and Falkirk.
The event was a contrast in curling styles, with the Canadians favouring a hitting game and the Scots favouring the draw game. The Scots were also not used to the rubber hack and the Canadian rules allowing a delivery to the length of the near hogline. Scottish rules at that point dictated the rock to be released by the front of the near house. The Canadian rules favoured the Canadian team, which allowed them a more accurate delivery, which benefited them in the hitting game. Canada would win all five matches in their tour of Scotland.
|
sport
| 89 |
[
"athletics",
"competitive physical activity",
"physical competition"
] | null | null |
[
"New Wave (competition)",
"location",
"Sochi"
] |
Location
For the first 14 years New Wave was held in the Latvian coastal city of Jūrmala, but in 2015 it moved to Sochi, the Russian Federation (other potential locations included Baku, Kaliningrad, Kazan and Crimea). According to organizer Igor Krutoy, the main reason for relocating was performing Russian singers Valeriya, Iosif Kobzon and Oleg Gazmanov being denied entry into Latvia for the 2014 contest by Minister of Foreign Affairs Edgars Rinkēvičs because of their voiced support for Russia's annexation of Crimea.
|
location
| 29 |
[
"place",
"position",
"site",
"locale",
"spot"
] | null | null |
[
"New Wave (competition)",
"founded by",
"Raimonds Pauls"
] |
New Wave (Russian: Новая волна, Novaya volna, Latvian: Jaunais Vilnis) is an international contest for young performers of popular music founded in 2002 by the Russian composer Igor Krutoy and Latvian pianist and composer Raimonds Pauls and later enhanced by the Russian superstar Alla Pugacheva. The contest usually lasts for six days: 3 contest days, 2 special event days and, at the end, the day where the contest's results are announced followed by an ending concert.
|
founded by
| 25 |
[
"established by",
"started by",
"created by",
"initiated by",
"formed by"
] | null | null |
[
"New Wave (competition)",
"instance of",
"music festival"
] |
New Wave (Russian: Новая волна, Novaya volna, Latvian: Jaunais Vilnis) is an international contest for young performers of popular music founded in 2002 by the Russian composer Igor Krutoy and Latvian pianist and composer Raimonds Pauls and later enhanced by the Russian superstar Alla Pugacheva. The contest usually lasts for six days: 3 contest days, 2 special event days and, at the end, the day where the contest's results are announced followed by an ending concert.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"New Wave (competition)",
"founded by",
"Igor Krutoy"
] |
New Wave (Russian: Новая волна, Novaya volna, Latvian: Jaunais Vilnis) is an international contest for young performers of popular music founded in 2002 by the Russian composer Igor Krutoy and Latvian pianist and composer Raimonds Pauls and later enhanced by the Russian superstar Alla Pugacheva. The contest usually lasts for six days: 3 contest days, 2 special event days and, at the end, the day where the contest's results are announced followed by an ending concert.
|
founded by
| 25 |
[
"established by",
"started by",
"created by",
"initiated by",
"formed by"
] | null | null |
[
"North Russia intervention",
"participant",
"United States of America"
] |
United States
North Russia Expeditionary Force (also known as the Polar Bear Expedition): approximately 5,000 personnel from the US Army, including the:
310th Engineers,
339th Infantry,
337th Field Hospital,
and 337th Ambulance Company.
Also the 167th and 168th Railroad Companies, which were sent to Murmansk to operate the Murmansk to Petrograd line. US Navy: the cruiser USS Olympia during August and September 1918 (including 53 personnel attached to British naval units)
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"North Russia intervention",
"instance of",
"military intervention"
] |
The North Russia intervention, also known as the Northern Russian expedition, the Archangel campaign, and the Murman deployment, was part of the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War after the October Revolution. The intervention brought about the involvement of foreign troops in the Russian Civil War on the side of the White movement. The movement was ultimately defeated, while the British-led Allied forces withdrew from Northern Russia after fighting a number of defensive actions against the Bolsheviks, such as the Battle of Bolshie Ozerki. The campaign lasted from March 1918, during the final months of World War I, to October 1919.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"North Russia intervention",
"participant",
"White movement"
] |
The North Russia intervention, also known as the Northern Russian expedition, the Archangel campaign, and the Murman deployment, was part of the Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War after the October Revolution. The intervention brought about the involvement of foreign troops in the Russian Civil War on the side of the White movement. The movement was ultimately defeated, while the British-led Allied forces withdrew from Northern Russia after fighting a number of defensive actions against the Bolsheviks, such as the Battle of Bolshie Ozerki. The campaign lasted from March 1918, during the final months of World War I, to October 1919.Russia
"White Russian" forces included the Northern Army (previously the army of Alexander Kerensky's provisional Russian government, led by General Evgenii Miller)
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"North Russia intervention",
"participant",
"Yevgeny Miller"
] |
Russia
"White Russian" forces included the Northern Army (previously the army of Alexander Kerensky's provisional Russian government, led by General Evgenii Miller)
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"North Russia intervention",
"participant",
"Frederick Cuthbert Poole"
] |
International contingent
Lieutenant General Frederick C. Poole, who had previously spent two years in Russia, was appointed by the British Secretary of State for War, Lord Milner, to lead the expedition to Archangel.The international force included:
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"North Russia intervention",
"participant",
"George Evans Stewart"
] |
Landing at Archangelsk
On 2 August 1918, anti-Bolshevik forces, led by Tsarist Captain Georgi Chaplin, staged a coup against the local Soviet government at Archangelsk. British diplomats had traveled to the city in preparation of the invasion, and General Poole had coordinated the coup with Chaplin. Allied warships sailed into the port from the White Sea. There was some resistance at first and Allied ships were fired on, but 1500 French and British troops soon occupied the city. The Northern Region Government was established by Chaplin and popular revolutionary Nikolai Tchaikovsky; to all intents and purposes, however, General Poole ran Archangelsk, declaring martial law and banning the red flag, despite the decision of the Northern Region Government to fly it.It was reported in the British press in early August that the Allied Powers had occupied Arkhangelsk, although not officially confirmed by the British authorities at the time. By 17 August it was being reported that the Allies had advanced to the shores of Onega Bay.The lines of communications south from Arkhangelsk were the Northern Dvina in the east, Vaga River, Arkhangelsk Railway, the Onega River in the west, and the Yomtsa River providing a line of communication between the Vaga River and the railway in the centre.
As soon as Archangel had been captured, preparations were made for a push southwards along the Archangel-Vologda railway. An armoured train was commissioned to support the advance, and a battle took place between Allied and Bolshevik armoured trains on 18 August.In September 1918, the Allied Powers took Obozerskaya, around 100 miles (160 km) south of Archangel. During the attack, the RAF provided air support to the advancing Allied infantry, conducting bombing and strafing runs.On 4 September 1918 the promised American forces arrived. Three battalions of troops, supported by engineers and under the command of Colonel George Stewart, landed in Archangel. This force numbered 4,500 troops. In early September also an RAF squadron was set up specifically for service at Archangel, equipped with obsolete RE8 reconnaissance-bomber aircraft.
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"2006 World Men's Curling Championship",
"participant",
"Canada"
] |
The 2006 World Men's Curling Championship was held April 1–9, 2006 at the Tsongas Center at UMass Lowell in Lowell, Massachusetts, United States. Scotland, skipped by David Murdoch, won the tournament defeating Canada in the final.
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"2006 World Men's Curling Championship",
"sport",
"curling"
] |
The 2006 World Men's Curling Championship was held April 1–9, 2006 at the Tsongas Center at UMass Lowell in Lowell, Massachusetts, United States. Scotland, skipped by David Murdoch, won the tournament defeating Canada in the final.Teams
*** Finnish skip Markku Uusipaavalniemi missed the first three games with a wrist injury; Kiiskinen skipped in his place. Markku returned April 3; threw second rocks in the early draw and third stones in the remainder of the competition.
|
sport
| 89 |
[
"athletics",
"competitive physical activity",
"physical competition"
] | null | null |
[
"2006 World Men's Curling Championship",
"location",
"Tsongas Center"
] |
The 2006 World Men's Curling Championship was held April 1–9, 2006 at the Tsongas Center at UMass Lowell in Lowell, Massachusetts, United States. Scotland, skipped by David Murdoch, won the tournament defeating Canada in the final.
|
location
| 29 |
[
"place",
"position",
"site",
"locale",
"spot"
] | null | null |
[
"2009 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship",
"location",
"Cortina d'Ampezzo"
] |
The 2009 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship was held April 18–25, 2009 in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy at the Cortina d'Ampezzo Curling Arena.
|
location
| 29 |
[
"place",
"position",
"site",
"locale",
"spot"
] | null | null |
[
"1979 Royal Bank of Scotland World Women's Curling Championship",
"participant",
"Canada"
] |
The 1979 Royal Bank of Scotland World Women's Curling Championship also known as the Women's World Invitational Curling Championship or The Royal Bank Ladies World Curling Championship was the first ever women's world championship. It was held at the Perth Ice Rink in Perth, Scotland from 17 March to 23 March 1979.
Canada and the USA joined the nine teams that played in the 1978 European Curling Championships. The Championship was won by Switzerland, who beat Sweden 13-5 in the final.
The event was billed as the women's world championship, but was not sanctioned by the International Curling Federation at the time.
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"1979 Royal Bank of Scotland World Women's Curling Championship",
"participant",
"Sweden"
] |
The 1979 Royal Bank of Scotland World Women's Curling Championship also known as the Women's World Invitational Curling Championship or The Royal Bank Ladies World Curling Championship was the first ever women's world championship. It was held at the Perth Ice Rink in Perth, Scotland from 17 March to 23 March 1979.
Canada and the USA joined the nine teams that played in the 1978 European Curling Championships. The Championship was won by Switzerland, who beat Sweden 13-5 in the final.
The event was billed as the women's world championship, but was not sanctioned by the International Curling Federation at the time.
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"1979 Royal Bank of Scotland World Women's Curling Championship",
"participant",
"Switzerland"
] |
The 1979 Royal Bank of Scotland World Women's Curling Championship also known as the Women's World Invitational Curling Championship or The Royal Bank Ladies World Curling Championship was the first ever women's world championship. It was held at the Perth Ice Rink in Perth, Scotland from 17 March to 23 March 1979.
Canada and the USA joined the nine teams that played in the 1978 European Curling Championships. The Championship was won by Switzerland, who beat Sweden 13-5 in the final.
The event was billed as the women's world championship, but was not sanctioned by the International Curling Federation at the time.
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"1979 Royal Bank of Scotland World Women's Curling Championship",
"sport",
"curling"
] |
The 1979 Royal Bank of Scotland World Women's Curling Championship also known as the Women's World Invitational Curling Championship or The Royal Bank Ladies World Curling Championship was the first ever women's world championship. It was held at the Perth Ice Rink in Perth, Scotland from 17 March to 23 March 1979.
Canada and the USA joined the nine teams that played in the 1978 European Curling Championships. The Championship was won by Switzerland, who beat Sweden 13-5 in the final.
The event was billed as the women's world championship, but was not sanctioned by the International Curling Federation at the time.
|
sport
| 89 |
[
"athletics",
"competitive physical activity",
"physical competition"
] | null | null |
[
"1967 Scotch Cup",
"participant",
"Scotland"
] |
The 1967 Scotch Cup was the eighth edition of the Scotch Cup. It was held in Perth, Scotland at the Perth Ice Rink from March 20–23, 1967. Eight teams competed at the tournament with Germany competing in the Scotch Cup for the first time. In the final, Scotland took home their first Scotch Cup defeating Sweden 8-5 in the final with Canada not getting a medal for the first time as the United States finished third.Teams
Standings
Results
Draw 1
Draw 2
Draw 3
Draw 4
Draw 5
Draw 6
Draw 7
Playoffs
Semifinals
Final
References
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"1967 Scotch Cup",
"participant",
"Sweden"
] |
The 1967 Scotch Cup was the eighth edition of the Scotch Cup. It was held in Perth, Scotland at the Perth Ice Rink from March 20–23, 1967. Eight teams competed at the tournament with Germany competing in the Scotch Cup for the first time. In the final, Scotland took home their first Scotch Cup defeating Sweden 8-5 in the final with Canada not getting a medal for the first time as the United States finished third.Teams
Standings
Results
Draw 1
Draw 2
Draw 3
Draw 4
Draw 5
Draw 6
Draw 7
Playoffs
Semifinals
Final
References
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"1967 Scotch Cup",
"participant",
"Germany"
] |
The 1967 Scotch Cup was the eighth edition of the Scotch Cup. It was held in Perth, Scotland at the Perth Ice Rink from March 20–23, 1967. Eight teams competed at the tournament with Germany competing in the Scotch Cup for the first time. In the final, Scotland took home their first Scotch Cup defeating Sweden 8-5 in the final with Canada not getting a medal for the first time as the United States finished third.
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"1967 Scotch Cup",
"sport",
"curling"
] |
The 1967 Scotch Cup was the eighth edition of the Scotch Cup. It was held in Perth, Scotland at the Perth Ice Rink from March 20–23, 1967. Eight teams competed at the tournament with Germany competing in the Scotch Cup for the first time. In the final, Scotland took home their first Scotch Cup defeating Sweden 8-5 in the final with Canada not getting a medal for the first time as the United States finished third.Teams
Standings
Results
Draw 1
Draw 2
Draw 3
Draw 4
Draw 5
Draw 6
Draw 7
Playoffs
Semifinals
Final
References
|
sport
| 89 |
[
"athletics",
"competitive physical activity",
"physical competition"
] | null | null |
[
"1967 Scotch Cup",
"instance of",
"sports season"
] |
The 1967 Scotch Cup was the eighth edition of the Scotch Cup. It was held in Perth, Scotland at the Perth Ice Rink from March 20–23, 1967. Eight teams competed at the tournament with Germany competing in the Scotch Cup for the first time. In the final, Scotland took home their first Scotch Cup defeating Sweden 8-5 in the final with Canada not getting a medal for the first time as the United States finished third.Teams
Standings
Results
Draw 1
Draw 2
Draw 3
Draw 4
Draw 5
Draw 6
Draw 7
Playoffs
Semifinals
Final
References
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
"example of",
"manifestation of",
"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"1970 Air Canada Silver Broom",
"sport",
"curling"
] |
The 1970 Air Canada Silver Broom, the men's world curling championship, was held at the Utica Memorial Auditorium in Utica, New York, United States between 18 and 22 March 1970.
The event was sparsely attended with only 200-300 fans for some of the afternoon games to about 2,000 for the final. In one draw, bored high school students began booing and cheering shots before resulting to throwing paperclips onto the ice "caused havoc with a number of shots."
|
sport
| 89 |
[
"athletics",
"competitive physical activity",
"physical competition"
] | null | null |
[
"1971 Air Canada Silver Broom",
"sport",
"curling"
] |
The 1971 Air Canada Silver Broom, the men's world curling championship, was held from March 16 to 21 at the Palais de Sports in Megève, France.Standings
Results
Draw 1
Draw 2
Draw 3
Draw 4
Draw 5
Draw 6
Draw 7
Tiebreaker
Playoffs
Semifinals
Final
References
"Air Canada Silver Broom 1971". World Curling Federation. Archived from the original on 2012-05-13. Retrieved 2010-05-11.
|
sport
| 89 |
[
"athletics",
"competitive physical activity",
"physical competition"
] | null | null |
[
"1971 Air Canada Silver Broom",
"location",
"Megève"
] |
The 1971 Air Canada Silver Broom, the men's world curling championship, was held from March 16 to 21 at the Palais de Sports in Megève, France.
|
location
| 29 |
[
"place",
"position",
"site",
"locale",
"spot"
] | null | null |
[
"1968 Air Canada Silver Broom",
"sport",
"curling"
] |
The 1968 Air Canada Silver Broom, the men's world curling championship, was held in Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada at the Pointe Claire Arena.Teams
*Throws second stones.**Throws third stones.Standings
Results
Draw 1
Draw 2
Draw 3
Draw 4
Draw 5
Draw 6
Draw 7
Playoffs
Brackets
Semifinals
Final
References
Results from the World Curling Federation
|
sport
| 89 |
[
"athletics",
"competitive physical activity",
"physical competition"
] | null | null |
[
"1973 Air Canada Silver Broom",
"participant",
"Sweden"
] |
The 1973 Air Canada Silver Broom was held at the Regina Exhibition Stadium in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada from March 19–24, 1973. The tournament was won by Sweden, with a team from Djursholms CK.
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"1973 Air Canada Silver Broom",
"sport",
"curling"
] |
The 1973 Air Canada Silver Broom was held at the Regina Exhibition Stadium in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada from March 19–24, 1973. The tournament was won by Sweden, with a team from Djursholms CK.Teams
Standings
Results
Draw 1
Draw 2
Draw 3
Draw 4
Draw 5
Draw 6
Draw 7
Draw 8
Draw 9
Playoffs
Semifinals
Final
References
|
sport
| 89 |
[
"athletics",
"competitive physical activity",
"physical competition"
] | null | null |
[
"2011 World Wheelchair Curling Championship",
"participant",
"Canada"
] |
Qualification
Czech Republic (Host country)
Top seven finishers from the 2009 World Wheelchair Curling Championship:
Canada
Germany
Norway
Scotland
South Korea
Sweden
United States
Top teams from qualifying event:
China
Russia
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"2011 World Wheelchair Curling Championship",
"participant",
"Norway"
] |
Qualification
Czech Republic (Host country)
Top seven finishers from the 2009 World Wheelchair Curling Championship:
Canada
Germany
Norway
Scotland
South Korea
Sweden
United States
Top teams from qualifying event:
China
Russia
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"2011 World Wheelchair Curling Championship",
"participant",
"Scotland"
] |
Qualification
Czech Republic (Host country)
Top seven finishers from the 2009 World Wheelchair Curling Championship:
Canada
Germany
Norway
Scotland
South Korea
Sweden
United States
Top teams from qualifying event:
China
Russia
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"2011 World Wheelchair Curling Championship",
"participant",
"Germany"
] |
Qualification
Czech Republic (Host country)
Top seven finishers from the 2009 World Wheelchair Curling Championship:
Canada
Germany
Norway
Scotland
South Korea
Sweden
United States
Top teams from qualifying event:
China
Russia
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"2011 World Wheelchair Curling Championship",
"country",
"Czech Republic"
] |
The 2011 World Wheelchair Curling Championship was held in Prague, Czech Republic from February 22 - March 1, 2011. Ten mixed gender teams competed for four playoff spots. In the final, Canada's Jim Armstrong defeated Scotland's Aileen Neilson in the final in 7 ends. Teams also gained qualification points from this event for the 2014 Winter Paralympic Games in Sochi.Qualification
Czech Republic (Host country)
Top seven finishers from the 2009 World Wheelchair Curling Championship:
Canada
Germany
Norway
Scotland
South Korea
Sweden
United States
Top teams from qualifying event:
China
Russia
|
country
| 7 |
[
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
[
"2011 World Wheelchair Curling Championship",
"participant",
"South Korea"
] |
Qualification
Czech Republic (Host country)
Top seven finishers from the 2009 World Wheelchair Curling Championship:
Canada
Germany
Norway
Scotland
South Korea
Sweden
United States
Top teams from qualifying event:
China
Russia
|
participant
| 118 |
[
"contributor",
"member",
"participant",
"player",
"agent"
] | null | null |
[
"2011 World Wheelchair Curling Championship",
"location",
"Prague"
] |
The 2011 World Wheelchair Curling Championship was held in Prague, Czech Republic from February 22 - March 1, 2011. Ten mixed gender teams competed for four playoff spots. In the final, Canada's Jim Armstrong defeated Scotland's Aileen Neilson in the final in 7 ends. Teams also gained qualification points from this event for the 2014 Winter Paralympic Games in Sochi.Qualification
Czech Republic (Host country)
Top seven finishers from the 2009 World Wheelchair Curling Championship:
Canada
Germany
Norway
Scotland
South Korea
Sweden
United States
Top teams from qualifying event:
China
Russia
|
location
| 29 |
[
"place",
"position",
"site",
"locale",
"spot"
] | null | null |
[
"2011 World Wheelchair Curling Championship",
"sport",
"curling"
] |
The 2011 World Wheelchair Curling Championship was held in Prague, Czech Republic from February 22 - March 1, 2011. Ten mixed gender teams competed for four playoff spots. In the final, Canada's Jim Armstrong defeated Scotland's Aileen Neilson in the final in 7 ends. Teams also gained qualification points from this event for the 2014 Winter Paralympic Games in Sochi.
|
sport
| 89 |
[
"athletics",
"competitive physical activity",
"physical competition"
] | null | null |
[
"2011 World Wheelchair Curling Championship",
"sport",
"wheelchair curling"
] |
The 2011 World Wheelchair Curling Championship was held in Prague, Czech Republic from February 22 - March 1, 2011. Ten mixed gender teams competed for four playoff spots. In the final, Canada's Jim Armstrong defeated Scotland's Aileen Neilson in the final in 7 ends. Teams also gained qualification points from this event for the 2014 Winter Paralympic Games in Sochi.
|
sport
| 89 |
[
"athletics",
"competitive physical activity",
"physical competition"
] | null | null |
[
"2009 World Wheelchair Curling Championship",
"country",
"Canada"
] |
The 2009 World Wheelchair Curling Championship was held from February 21–28 at the Vancouver Paralympic Centre in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. In the final
Teams participating in the 2009 World Wheelchair Curling Championship earned qualification points from this event for the Winter Paralympic Games in Vancouver in 2010.Qualification
Canada (Host country)
Top seven finishers from the 2008 World Wheelchair Curling Championship (not including host):
South Korea
Norway
United States
Italy
Sweden
Scotland
Switzerland
Top teams from qualifying event:
Germany
China
|
country
| 7 |
[
"Nation",
"State",
"Land",
"Territory"
] | null | null |
[
"2009 World Wheelchair Curling Championship",
"location",
"Vancouver Olympic/Paralympic Centre"
] |
The 2009 World Wheelchair Curling Championship was held from February 21–28 at the Vancouver Paralympic Centre in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. In the final
Teams participating in the 2009 World Wheelchair Curling Championship earned qualification points from this event for the Winter Paralympic Games in Vancouver in 2010.Qualification
Canada (Host country)
Top seven finishers from the 2008 World Wheelchair Curling Championship (not including host):
South Korea
Norway
United States
Italy
Sweden
Scotland
Switzerland
Top teams from qualifying event:
Germany
China
|
location
| 29 |
[
"place",
"position",
"site",
"locale",
"spot"
] | null | null |
[
"Davido",
"ethnic group",
"Yoruba people"
] |
David Adedeji Adeleke (born November 21, 1992), who is professionally known as Davido, is an American-born Nigerian singer, songwriter and record producer. Davido was born in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, and raised in Lagos, Nigeria; he made his music debut as a member of the group KB International. Davido studied business administration at Oakwood University before dropping out to make beats and record vocal references. He rose to fame after releasing "Dami Duro", the second single from his debut studio album Omo Baba Olowo (2012), from which six additional singles—"Back When", "Ekuro", "Overseas", "All of You", "Gbon Gbon" and "Feel Alright"—were taken. In 2012, Davido won the Next Rated award at The Headies. Between 2013 and 2015, he released the hit singles "Gobe", "One of a Kind", "Skelewu", "Aye", "Tchelete (Goodlife)", "Naughty", "Owo Ni Koko", "The Sound" and "The Money".
In January 2016, Davido announced on Twitter he had signed a record deal with Sony Music and a few months later, he founded the record label Davido Music Worldwide, to which acts Dremo, Yonda and Peruzzi are currently signed. In July 2016, Davido signed a record deal with Sony's RCA Records and in October the same year, he released the five-track Extended Play (EP) Son of Mercy, which was supported by the singles "Gbagbe Oshi", "How Long" and "Coolest Kid in Africa". In April 2017, Davido re-negotiated his contract with Sony due to creative control issues and later that year, he released five singles including "If" and "Fall". "If" generated worldwide social-media activity while "Fall" became the longest-charting Nigerian pop song in Billboard history. Davido released his second studio album A Good Time in November 2019; it was supported by the previously released singles "If", "Fall", "Assurance", "Blow My Mind" and "Risky".
In 2019, New African magazine listed Davido as one of the 100 most-influential Africans. His third studio album A Better Time was released on November 13, 2020, and in February 2021, he appeared on Time magazine's Time 100 Next List. Davido released Timeless, his fourth studio album, on March 31, 2023. He is a cultural ambassador for Nigeria and a prominent voice of human rights in Africa. He is also one of the most-followed African artists on Instagram and Twitter.
|
ethnic group
| 107 |
[
"ethnicity",
"race",
"cultural group",
"people group",
"nationality"
] | null | null |
[
"Davido",
"notable work",
"Dami Duro"
] |
David Adedeji Adeleke (born November 21, 1992), who is professionally known as Davido, is an American-born Nigerian singer, songwriter and record producer. Davido was born in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, and raised in Lagos, Nigeria; he made his music debut as a member of the group KB International. Davido studied business administration at Oakwood University before dropping out to make beats and record vocal references. He rose to fame after releasing "Dami Duro", the second single from his debut studio album Omo Baba Olowo (2012), from which six additional singles—"Back When", "Ekuro", "Overseas", "All of You", "Gbon Gbon" and "Feel Alright"—were taken. In 2012, Davido won the Next Rated award at The Headies. Between 2013 and 2015, he released the hit singles "Gobe", "One of a Kind", "Skelewu", "Aye", "Tchelete (Goodlife)", "Naughty", "Owo Ni Koko", "The Sound" and "The Money".
In January 2016, Davido announced on Twitter he had signed a record deal with Sony Music and a few months later, he founded the record label Davido Music Worldwide, to which acts Dremo, Yonda and Peruzzi are currently signed. In July 2016, Davido signed a record deal with Sony's RCA Records and in October the same year, he released the five-track Extended Play (EP) Son of Mercy, which was supported by the singles "Gbagbe Oshi", "How Long" and "Coolest Kid in Africa". In April 2017, Davido re-negotiated his contract with Sony due to creative control issues and later that year, he released five singles including "If" and "Fall". "If" generated worldwide social-media activity while "Fall" became the longest-charting Nigerian pop song in Billboard history. Davido released his second studio album A Good Time in November 2019; it was supported by the previously released singles "If", "Fall", "Assurance", "Blow My Mind" and "Risky".
In 2019, New African magazine listed Davido as one of the 100 most-influential Africans. His third studio album A Better Time was released on November 13, 2020, and in February 2021, he appeared on Time magazine's Time 100 Next List. Davido released Timeless, his fourth studio album, on March 31, 2023. He is a cultural ambassador for Nigeria and a prominent voice of human rights in Africa. He is also one of the most-followed African artists on Instagram and Twitter.Life and career
1992–2012: Early life, education and Omo Baba Olowo
David Adedeji Adeleke was born on November 21, 1992, in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. His father Adedeji Adeleke is a business magnate and his mother Vero Adeleke was a university lecturer. Davido is the youngest of five siblings and his father's second-born son. He attended the British International School in Lagos, and at the age of 16, he returned to the U.S. to study business administration at Oakwood University, Alabama.While at Oakwood, Davido bought musical equipment and started making beats. He also formed the music act KB International with his cousins B-Red and Sina Rambo. Davido dropped out of Oakwood University to pursue music full-time and relocated to London, where he worked on his vocals. After returning to Nigeria in 2011, Davido paused his music career and agreed to honor his father by enrolling at Babcock University, from which he graduated in July 2015, with a degree in music after his father paid the university to start a music department for an inaugural class of one student.in 2011, Davido started working on his debut studio album Omo Baba Olowo, which is a mixture of Afrobeats and hip hop. Davido worked with Jay Sleek, Maleek Berry, GospelOnDeBeatz, Spellz, Dokta Frabz, Mr. Chidoo, Theory Soundz and Shizzi to produce the album. Omo Baba Olowo features guest appearances from Naeto C, Sina Rambo, B-Red, Kayswitch, Ice Prince and 2 Face Idibia. It received generally negative reviews from music critics, who panned its lyrical content and Davido's songwriting. The album won Best R&B/Pop Album and received a nomination for Album of the Year at The Headies 2013, and for Best Album of the Year at the 2013 Nigeria Entertainment Awards.The Naeto C-assisted track "Back When" was released as the album's lead single on May 7, 2011. It was produced in London by Davido and received frequent airplay. The Clarence Peters-directed music video for "Back When" was uploaded to YouTube on May 9, 2011. Davido and Shizzi produced the album's second single "Dami Duro", which was released on October 30, 2011. In an interview posted on the NotJustOk website, Davido said he recorded the song in August of that year. The song was leaked three months after he sent it to some of his friends. The accompanying music video for "Dami Duro" was released on January 8, 2012, during the Occupy Nigeria protests.The album's third single "Ekuro" was released on January 25, 2012. Its music video was recorded and directed in Miami by Antwan Smith. Nigerian singer Aramide released a soulful cover of the song. The album's fourth single "Overseas" was released on May 6, 2012; an unfinished version of the song was leaked prior to its official release. The GospelOnDeBeatz-produced track "All of You" was released as the album's fifth single on September 28, 2012; Davido said he recorded the song with GospelOnDeBeatz' whom he met at a mall.
|
notable work
| 73 |
[
"masterpiece",
"landmark",
"tour de force",
"most significant work",
"famous creation"
] | null | null |
[
"Davido",
"father",
"Adedeji Adeleke"
] |
Life and career
1992–2012: Early life, education and Omo Baba Olowo
David Adedeji Adeleke was born on November 21, 1992, in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. His father Adedeji Adeleke is a business magnate and his mother Vero Adeleke was a university lecturer. Davido is the youngest of five siblings and his father's second-born son. He attended the British International School in Lagos, and at the age of 16, he returned to the U.S. to study business administration at Oakwood University, Alabama.While at Oakwood, Davido bought musical equipment and started making beats. He also formed the music act KB International with his cousins B-Red and Sina Rambo. Davido dropped out of Oakwood University to pursue music full-time and relocated to London, where he worked on his vocals. After returning to Nigeria in 2011, Davido paused his music career and agreed to honor his father by enrolling at Babcock University, from which he graduated in July 2015, with a degree in music after his father paid the university to start a music department for an inaugural class of one student.in 2011, Davido started working on his debut studio album Omo Baba Olowo, which is a mixture of Afrobeats and hip hop. Davido worked with Jay Sleek, Maleek Berry, GospelOnDeBeatz, Spellz, Dokta Frabz, Mr. Chidoo, Theory Soundz and Shizzi to produce the album. Omo Baba Olowo features guest appearances from Naeto C, Sina Rambo, B-Red, Kayswitch, Ice Prince and 2 Face Idibia. It received generally negative reviews from music critics, who panned its lyrical content and Davido's songwriting. The album won Best R&B/Pop Album and received a nomination for Album of the Year at The Headies 2013, and for Best Album of the Year at the 2013 Nigeria Entertainment Awards.The Naeto C-assisted track "Back When" was released as the album's lead single on May 7, 2011. It was produced in London by Davido and received frequent airplay. The Clarence Peters-directed music video for "Back When" was uploaded to YouTube on May 9, 2011. Davido and Shizzi produced the album's second single "Dami Duro", which was released on October 30, 2011. In an interview posted on the NotJustOk website, Davido said he recorded the song in August of that year. The song was leaked three months after he sent it to some of his friends. The accompanying music video for "Dami Duro" was released on January 8, 2012, during the Occupy Nigeria protests.The album's third single "Ekuro" was released on January 25, 2012. Its music video was recorded and directed in Miami by Antwan Smith. Nigerian singer Aramide released a soulful cover of the song. The album's fourth single "Overseas" was released on May 6, 2012; an unfinished version of the song was leaked prior to its official release. The GospelOnDeBeatz-produced track "All of You" was released as the album's fifth single on September 28, 2012; Davido said he recorded the song with GospelOnDeBeatz' whom he met at a mall.
|
father
| 57 |
[
"dad",
"daddy",
"papa",
"pop",
"sire"
] | null | null |
[
"Davido",
"educated at",
"Babcock University"
] |
Life and career
1992–2012: Early life, education and Omo Baba Olowo
David Adedeji Adeleke was born on November 21, 1992, in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. His father Adedeji Adeleke is a business magnate and his mother Vero Adeleke was a university lecturer. Davido is the youngest of five siblings and his father's second-born son. He attended the British International School in Lagos, and at the age of 16, he returned to the U.S. to study business administration at Oakwood University, Alabama.While at Oakwood, Davido bought musical equipment and started making beats. He also formed the music act KB International with his cousins B-Red and Sina Rambo. Davido dropped out of Oakwood University to pursue music full-time and relocated to London, where he worked on his vocals. After returning to Nigeria in 2011, Davido paused his music career and agreed to honor his father by enrolling at Babcock University, from which he graduated in July 2015, with a degree in music after his father paid the university to start a music department for an inaugural class of one student.in 2011, Davido started working on his debut studio album Omo Baba Olowo, which is a mixture of Afrobeats and hip hop. Davido worked with Jay Sleek, Maleek Berry, GospelOnDeBeatz, Spellz, Dokta Frabz, Mr. Chidoo, Theory Soundz and Shizzi to produce the album. Omo Baba Olowo features guest appearances from Naeto C, Sina Rambo, B-Red, Kayswitch, Ice Prince and 2 Face Idibia. It received generally negative reviews from music critics, who panned its lyrical content and Davido's songwriting. The album won Best R&B/Pop Album and received a nomination for Album of the Year at The Headies 2013, and for Best Album of the Year at the 2013 Nigeria Entertainment Awards.The Naeto C-assisted track "Back When" was released as the album's lead single on May 7, 2011. It was produced in London by Davido and received frequent airplay. The Clarence Peters-directed music video for "Back When" was uploaded to YouTube on May 9, 2011. Davido and Shizzi produced the album's second single "Dami Duro", which was released on October 30, 2011. In an interview posted on the NotJustOk website, Davido said he recorded the song in August of that year. The song was leaked three months after he sent it to some of his friends. The accompanying music video for "Dami Duro" was released on January 8, 2012, during the Occupy Nigeria protests.The album's third single "Ekuro" was released on January 25, 2012. Its music video was recorded and directed in Miami by Antwan Smith. Nigerian singer Aramide released a soulful cover of the song. The album's fourth single "Overseas" was released on May 6, 2012; an unfinished version of the song was leaked prior to its official release. The GospelOnDeBeatz-produced track "All of You" was released as the album's fifth single on September 28, 2012; Davido said he recorded the song with GospelOnDeBeatz' whom he met at a mall.
|
educated at
| 56 |
[
"studied at",
"graduated from",
"attended",
"enrolled at",
"completed education at"
] | null | null |
[
"Davido",
"educated at",
"Oakwood University"
] |
Life and career
1992–2012: Early life, education and Omo Baba Olowo
David Adedeji Adeleke was born on November 21, 1992, in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. His father Adedeji Adeleke is a business magnate and his mother Vero Adeleke was a university lecturer. Davido is the youngest of five siblings and his father's second-born son. He attended the British International School in Lagos, and at the age of 16, he returned to the U.S. to study business administration at Oakwood University, Alabama.While at Oakwood, Davido bought musical equipment and started making beats. He also formed the music act KB International with his cousins B-Red and Sina Rambo. Davido dropped out of Oakwood University to pursue music full-time and relocated to London, where he worked on his vocals. After returning to Nigeria in 2011, Davido paused his music career and agreed to honor his father by enrolling at Babcock University, from which he graduated in July 2015, with a degree in music after his father paid the university to start a music department for an inaugural class of one student.in 2011, Davido started working on his debut studio album Omo Baba Olowo, which is a mixture of Afrobeats and hip hop. Davido worked with Jay Sleek, Maleek Berry, GospelOnDeBeatz, Spellz, Dokta Frabz, Mr. Chidoo, Theory Soundz and Shizzi to produce the album. Omo Baba Olowo features guest appearances from Naeto C, Sina Rambo, B-Red, Kayswitch, Ice Prince and 2 Face Idibia. It received generally negative reviews from music critics, who panned its lyrical content and Davido's songwriting. The album won Best R&B/Pop Album and received a nomination for Album of the Year at The Headies 2013, and for Best Album of the Year at the 2013 Nigeria Entertainment Awards.The Naeto C-assisted track "Back When" was released as the album's lead single on May 7, 2011. It was produced in London by Davido and received frequent airplay. The Clarence Peters-directed music video for "Back When" was uploaded to YouTube on May 9, 2011. Davido and Shizzi produced the album's second single "Dami Duro", which was released on October 30, 2011. In an interview posted on the NotJustOk website, Davido said he recorded the song in August of that year. The song was leaked three months after he sent it to some of his friends. The accompanying music video for "Dami Duro" was released on January 8, 2012, during the Occupy Nigeria protests.The album's third single "Ekuro" was released on January 25, 2012. Its music video was recorded and directed in Miami by Antwan Smith. Nigerian singer Aramide released a soulful cover of the song. The album's fourth single "Overseas" was released on May 6, 2012; an unfinished version of the song was leaked prior to its official release. The GospelOnDeBeatz-produced track "All of You" was released as the album's fifth single on September 28, 2012; Davido said he recorded the song with GospelOnDeBeatz' whom he met at a mall.
|
educated at
| 56 |
[
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] | null | null |
[
"Davido",
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"singer-songwriter"
] |
David Adedeji Adeleke (born November 21, 1992), who is professionally known as Davido, is an American-born Nigerian singer, songwriter and record producer. Davido was born in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, and raised in Lagos, Nigeria; he made his music debut as a member of the group KB International. Davido studied business administration at Oakwood University before dropping out to make beats and record vocal references. He rose to fame after releasing "Dami Duro", the second single from his debut studio album Omo Baba Olowo (2012), from which six additional singles—"Back When", "Ekuro", "Overseas", "All of You", "Gbon Gbon" and "Feel Alright"—were taken. In 2012, Davido won the Next Rated award at The Headies. Between 2013 and 2015, he released the hit singles "Gobe", "One of a Kind", "Skelewu", "Aye", "Tchelete (Goodlife)", "Naughty", "Owo Ni Koko", "The Sound" and "The Money".
In January 2016, Davido announced on Twitter he had signed a record deal with Sony Music and a few months later, he founded the record label Davido Music Worldwide, to which acts Dremo, Yonda and Peruzzi are currently signed. In July 2016, Davido signed a record deal with Sony's RCA Records and in October the same year, he released the five-track Extended Play (EP) Son of Mercy, which was supported by the singles "Gbagbe Oshi", "How Long" and "Coolest Kid in Africa". In April 2017, Davido re-negotiated his contract with Sony due to creative control issues and later that year, he released five singles including "If" and "Fall". "If" generated worldwide social-media activity while "Fall" became the longest-charting Nigerian pop song in Billboard history. Davido released his second studio album A Good Time in November 2019; it was supported by the previously released singles "If", "Fall", "Assurance", "Blow My Mind" and "Risky".
In 2019, New African magazine listed Davido as one of the 100 most-influential Africans. His third studio album A Better Time was released on November 13, 2020, and in February 2021, he appeared on Time magazine's Time 100 Next List. Davido released Timeless, his fourth studio album, on March 31, 2023. He is a cultural ambassador for Nigeria and a prominent voice of human rights in Africa. He is also one of the most-followed African artists on Instagram and Twitter.
|
occupation
| 48 |
[
"job",
"profession",
"career",
"vocation",
"employment"
] | null | null |
[
"Davido",
"spouse",
"Chioma"
] |
Personal life
Davido has four children; two boys and two girls. He confirmed his marriage to his partner Chioma Rowland in March 2023.On October 31, 2022, Peoples Gazette newspaper reported the death of Davido's oldest son and third child David Ifeanyi Adeleke Jr., who drowned in a swimming pool at his father's Banana Island residence; he was three years old at the time of his death. Police questioned members of Davido's household staff. Eight domestic workers were invited to the police station for questioning after one had reported the drowning accident to the police station. Following the police investigation, six workers were released and two remained in detention.
|
spouse
| 51 |
[
"partner"
] | null | null |
[
"Davido",
"place of birth",
"Atlanta"
] |
David Adedeji Adeleke (born November 21, 1992), who is professionally known as Davido, is an American-born Nigerian singer, songwriter and record producer. Davido was born in Atlanta, Georgia, United States, and raised in Lagos, Nigeria; he made his music debut as a member of the group KB International. Davido studied business administration at Oakwood University before dropping out to make beats and record vocal references. He rose to fame after releasing "Dami Duro", the second single from his debut studio album Omo Baba Olowo (2012), from which six additional singles—"Back When", "Ekuro", "Overseas", "All of You", "Gbon Gbon" and "Feel Alright"—were taken. In 2012, Davido won the Next Rated award at The Headies. Between 2013 and 2015, he released the hit singles "Gobe", "One of a Kind", "Skelewu", "Aye", "Tchelete (Goodlife)", "Naughty", "Owo Ni Koko", "The Sound" and "The Money".
In January 2016, Davido announced on Twitter he had signed a record deal with Sony Music and a few months later, he founded the record label Davido Music Worldwide, to which acts Dremo, Yonda and Peruzzi are currently signed. In July 2016, Davido signed a record deal with Sony's RCA Records and in October the same year, he released the five-track Extended Play (EP) Son of Mercy, which was supported by the singles "Gbagbe Oshi", "How Long" and "Coolest Kid in Africa". In April 2017, Davido re-negotiated his contract with Sony due to creative control issues and later that year, he released five singles including "If" and "Fall". "If" generated worldwide social-media activity while "Fall" became the longest-charting Nigerian pop song in Billboard history. Davido released his second studio album A Good Time in November 2019; it was supported by the previously released singles "If", "Fall", "Assurance", "Blow My Mind" and "Risky".
In 2019, New African magazine listed Davido as one of the 100 most-influential Africans. His third studio album A Better Time was released on November 13, 2020, and in February 2021, he appeared on Time magazine's Time 100 Next List. Davido released Timeless, his fourth studio album, on March 31, 2023. He is a cultural ambassador for Nigeria and a prominent voice of human rights in Africa. He is also one of the most-followed African artists on Instagram and Twitter.
|
place of birth
| 42 |
[
"birthplace",
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"homeland",
"birth city"
] | null | null |
[
"Jesus",
"present in work",
"Jesus Christus"
] |
In Matthew, Joseph is troubled because Mary, his betrothed, is pregnant, but in the first of Joseph's four dreams an angel assures him not to be afraid to take Mary as his wife, because her child was conceived by the Holy Spirit. In Matthew 2:1–12, wise men or Magi from the East bring gifts to the young Jesus as the King of the Jews. They find him in a house in Bethlehem. Matthew focuses on an event after the Luke Nativity where Jesus was an infant. In Matthew Herod the Great hears of Jesus' birth and, wanting him killed, orders the murders of male infants in Bethlehem under age of 2. But an angel warns Joseph in his second dream, and the family flees to Egypt—later to return and settle in Nazareth.In Luke 1:31–38, Mary learns from the angel Gabriel that she will conceive and bear a child called Jesus through the action of the Holy Spirit. When Mary is due to give birth, she and Joseph travel from Nazareth to Joseph's ancestral home in Bethlehem to register in the census ordered by Caesar Augustus. While there Mary gives birth to Jesus, and as they have found no room in the inn, she places the newborn in a manger. An angel announces the birth to a group of shepherds, who go to Bethlehem to see Jesus, and subsequently spread the news abroad. Luke 2:21 tells how Joseph and Mary have their baby circumcised on the eighth day after birth, and name him Jesus, as Gabriel had commanded Mary. After the presentation of Jesus at the Temple, Joseph, Mary and Jesus return to Nazareth.
|
present in work
| 69 |
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[
"Jesus",
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"crucifixion"
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Chronology
Jesus was a Galilean Jew, born around the beginning of the 1st century, who died in 30 or 33 AD in Judea. The general scholarly consensus is that Jesus was a contemporary of John the Baptist and was crucified as ordered by the Roman governor Pontius Pilate, who held office from 26 to 36 AD.The Gospels offer several indications concerning the year of Jesus' birth. Matthew 2:1 associates the birth of Jesus with the reign of Herod the Great, who died around 4 BC, and Luke 1:5 mentions that Herod was on the throne shortly before the birth of Jesus, although this gospel also associates the birth with the Census of Quirinius which took place ten years later. Luke 3:23 states that Jesus was "about thirty years old" at the start of his ministry, which according to Acts 10:37–38 was preceded by John the Baptist's ministry, which was recorded in Luke 3:1–2 to have begun in the 15th year of Tiberius's reign (28 or 29 AD). By collating the gospel accounts with historical data and using various other methods, most scholars arrive at a date of birth for Jesus between 6 and 4 BC, but some propose estimates that include a wider range.The date range for Jesus' ministry has been estimated using several different approaches. One of these applies the reference in Luke 3:1–2, Acts 10:37–38, and the dates of Tiberius's reign, which are well known, to give a date of around 28–29 AD for the start of Jesus' ministry. Another approach estimates a date around 27–29 AD by using the statement about the temple in John 2:13–20, which asserts that the temple in Jerusalem was in its 46th year of construction at the start of Jesus' ministry, together with Josephus's statement that the temple's reconstruction was started by Herod the Great in the 18th year of his reign. A further method uses the date of the death of John the Baptist and the marriage of Herod Antipas to Herodias, based on the writings of Josephus, and correlates it with Matthew 14:4 and Mark 6:18. Given that most scholars date the marriage of Herod and Herodias as AD 28–35, this yields a date about 28–29 AD.A number of approaches have been used to estimate the year of the crucifixion of Jesus. Most scholars agree that he died in 30 or 33 AD. The Gospels state that the event occurred during the prefecture of Pilate, the Roman governor of Judea from 26 to 36 AD. The date for the conversion of Paul (estimated to be 33–36 AD) acts as an upper bound for the date of Crucifixion. The dates for Paul's conversion and ministry can be determined by analyzing the Pauline epistles and the Acts of the Apostles. Astronomers have tried to estimate the precise date of the Crucifixion by analyzing lunar motion and calculating historic dates of Passover, a festival based on the lunisolar Hebrew calendar. The most widely accepted dates derived from this method are 7 April 30 AD, and 3 April 33 AD (both Julian).
|
cause of death
| 43 |
[
"manner of death",
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"factors leading to death"
] | null | null |
[
"Jesus",
"said to be the same as",
"Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam"
] |
Ahmadiyya Islam
The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has several distinct teachings about Jesus. Ahmadis believe that he was a mortal man who survived his crucifixion and died a natural death at the age of 120 in Kashmir, India, and is buried at Roza Bal.
|
said to be the same as
| 149 |
[
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[
"Jesus",
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"Nazareth"
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Early life, family, and profession
Jesus' childhood home is identified in the Gospels of Luke and Matthew as the town of Nazareth in Galilee, where he lived with his family. Although Joseph appears in descriptions of Jesus' childhood, no mention is made of him thereafter. His other family members—his mother, Mary, his brothers James, Joses (or Joseph), Judas and Simon and his unnamed sisters—are mentioned in the Gospels and other sources. Jesus' maternal grandparents are named Joachim and Anne in the Gospel of James. The Gospel of Luke records that Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, the mother of John the Baptist. Non-biblical contemporary sources consider Jesus and John the Baptist to be second cousins through the belief that Elizabeth was the daughter of Sobe, the sister of Anne.The Gospel of Mark reports that at the beginning of his ministry, Jesus comes into conflict with his neighbors and family. Jesus' mother and brothers come to get him because people are saying that he is crazy. Jesus responds that his followers are his true family. In the Gospel of John, Jesus and his mother attend a wedding at Cana, where he performs his first miracle at her request. Later, she follows him to his crucifixion, and he expresses concern over her well-being.Jesus is called a τέκτων (tektōn) in Mark 6:3, traditionally understood as carpenter but it could cover makers of objects in various materials, including builders. The Gospels indicate that Jesus could read, paraphrase, and debate scripture, but this does not necessarily mean that he received formal scribal training.When Jesus is presented as a baby in the Temple in Jerusalem per Jewish Law, a man named Simeon says to Mary and Joseph that Jesus "shall stand as a sign of contradiction, while a sword will pierce your own soul. Then the secret thoughts of many will come to light." When Jesus, at the age of twelve, goes missing on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, his parents find him in the temple sitting among the teachers, listening to them and asking questions, and the people are amazed at his understanding and answers; Mary scolds Jesus for going missing, to which Jesus replies that he must "be in his father's house".Family
Many scholars agree that Joseph, Jesus' father, died before Jesus began his ministry. Joseph is not mentioned at all in the Gospels during Jesus' ministry. Joseph's death would explain why in Mark 6:3, Jesus' neighbors refer to Jesus as the "son of Mary" (sons were usually identified by their fathers).According to Theissen and Merz, it is common for extraordinary charismatic leaders, such as Jesus, to come into conflict with their ordinary families. In Mark, Jesus' family comes to get him, fearing that he is mad (Mark 3:20–34), and this account is thought to be historical because early Christians would likely not have invented it. After Jesus' death, many members of his family joined the Christian movement. Jesus' brother James became a leader of the Jerusalem Church.Géza Vermes says that the doctrine of the virgin birth of Jesus arose from theological development rather than from historical events.
Despite the widely held view that the authors of the Synoptic Gospels drew upon each other (the so-called synoptic problem), other scholars take it as significant that the virgin birth is attested by two separate gospels, Matthew and Luke.According to E. P. Sanders, the birth narratives in the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke are the clearest case of invention in the Gospel narratives of Jesus' life. Both accounts have Jesus born in Bethlehem, in accordance with Jewish salvation history, and both have him growing up in Nazareth. But Sanders points that the two Gospels report completely different and irreconcilable explanations for how that happened. Luke's account of a census in which everyone returned to their ancestral cities is not plausible. Matthew's account is more plausible, but the story reads as though it was invented to identify Jesus as like a new Moses, and the historian Josephus reports Herod the Great's brutality without ever mentioning that he massacred little boys. The contradictions between the two Gospels were probably apparent to the early Christians already, since attempts to harmonize the two narratives are already present in the earlier apocryphal infancy gospels (the Infancy Gospel of Thomas and the Gospel of James), which are dated to the 2nd century CE.Sanders says that the genealogies of Jesus are based not on historical information but on the authors' desire to show that Jesus was the universal Jewish savior. In any event, once the doctrine of the virgin birth of Jesus became established, that tradition superseded the earlier tradition that he was descended from David through Joseph. The Gospel of Luke reports that Jesus was a blood relative of John the Baptist, but scholars generally consider this connection to be invented.
|
residence
| 49 |
[
"living place",
"dwelling",
"abode",
"habitat",
"domicile"
] | null | null |
[
"Jesus",
"native language",
"Galilean dialect"
] |
Language, ethnicity, and appearance
Jesus grew up in Galilee and much of his ministry took place there. The languages spoken in Galilee and Judea during the 1st century AD include Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Hebrew, and Greek, with Aramaic being predominant. There is substantial consensus that Jesus gave most of his teachings in Aramaic in the Galilean dialect.Modern scholars agree that Jesus was a Jew of 1st-century Palestine. Ioudaios in New Testament Greek is a term which in the contemporary context may refer to religion (Second Temple Judaism), ethnicity (of Judea), or both. In a review of the state of modern scholarship, Amy-Jill Levine writes that the entire question of ethnicity is "fraught with difficulty", and that "beyond recognizing that 'Jesus was Jewish', rarely does the scholarship address what being 'Jewish' means".The New Testament gives no description of the physical appearance of Jesus before his death—it is generally indifferent to racial appearances and does not refer to the features of the people it mentions. Jesus probably looked like a typical Jewish man of his time and place; standing around 166 cm (5 ft 5 in) tall with a thin but fit build, olive-brown skin, brown eyes and short, dark hair. He also likely had a beard that was not particularly long or heavy. His clothing may have suggested poverty consisting of a mantle (shawl) with tassels, a knee-length basic tunic and sandals.
|
native language
| 46 |
[
"mother tongue",
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"mother language",
"primary language",
"L1"
] | null | null |
[
"Jesus",
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"tektōn"
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Early life, family, and profession
Jesus' childhood home is identified in the Gospels of Luke and Matthew as the town of Nazareth in Galilee, where he lived with his family. Although Joseph appears in descriptions of Jesus' childhood, no mention is made of him thereafter. His other family members—his mother, Mary, his brothers James, Joses (or Joseph), Judas and Simon and his unnamed sisters—are mentioned in the Gospels and other sources. Jesus' maternal grandparents are named Joachim and Anne in the Gospel of James. The Gospel of Luke records that Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, the mother of John the Baptist. Non-biblical contemporary sources consider Jesus and John the Baptist to be second cousins through the belief that Elizabeth was the daughter of Sobe, the sister of Anne.The Gospel of Mark reports that at the beginning of his ministry, Jesus comes into conflict with his neighbors and family. Jesus' mother and brothers come to get him because people are saying that he is crazy. Jesus responds that his followers are his true family. In the Gospel of John, Jesus and his mother attend a wedding at Cana, where he performs his first miracle at her request. Later, she follows him to his crucifixion, and he expresses concern over her well-being.Jesus is called a τέκτων (tektōn) in Mark 6:3, traditionally understood as carpenter but it could cover makers of objects in various materials, including builders. The Gospels indicate that Jesus could read, paraphrase, and debate scripture, but this does not necessarily mean that he received formal scribal training.When Jesus is presented as a baby in the Temple in Jerusalem per Jewish Law, a man named Simeon says to Mary and Joseph that Jesus "shall stand as a sign of contradiction, while a sword will pierce your own soul. Then the secret thoughts of many will come to light." When Jesus, at the age of twelve, goes missing on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, his parents find him in the temple sitting among the teachers, listening to them and asking questions, and the people are amazed at his understanding and answers; Mary scolds Jesus for going missing, to which Jesus replies that he must "be in his father's house".
|
occupation
| 48 |
[
"job",
"profession",
"career",
"vocation",
"employment"
] | null | null |
[
"Jesus",
"place of burial",
"tomb of Jesus"
] |
Crucifixion and entombment
Jesus' crucifixion is described in all four canonical gospels. After the trials, Jesus is led to Calvary carrying his cross; the route traditionally thought to have been taken is known as the Via Dolorosa. The three Synoptic Gospels indicate that Simon of Cyrene assists him, having been compelled by the Romans to do so. In Luke 23:27–28, Jesus tells the women in the multitude of people following him not to weep for him but for themselves and their children. At Calvary, Jesus is offered a sponge soaked in a concoction usually offered as a painkiller. According to Matthew and Mark, he refuses it.The soldiers then crucify Jesus and cast lots for his clothes. Above Jesus' head on the cross is Pilate's inscription, "Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews". Soldiers and passersby mock him about it. Two convicted thieves are crucified along with Jesus. In Matthew and Mark, both thieves mock Jesus. In Luke, one of them rebukes Jesus, while the other defends him. Jesus tells the latter: "today you will be with me in Paradise." The four gospels mention the presence of a group of female disciples of Jesus at the crucifixion. In John, Jesus sees his mother Mary and the beloved disciple and tells him to take care of her.In John 19:33-34, Roman soldiers break the two thieves' legs to hasten their death, but not those of Jesus, as he is already dead. Instead, one soldier pierces Jesus' side with a lance, and blood and water flow out. The Synoptics report a period of darkness, and the heavy curtain in the Temple is torn when Jesus dies. In Matthew 27:51–54, an earthquake breaks open tombs. In Matthew and Mark, terrified by the events, a Roman centurion states that Jesus was the Son of God.On the same day, Joseph of Arimathea, with Pilate's permission and with Nicodemus's help, removes Jesus' body from the cross, wraps him in a clean cloth, and buries him in his new rock-hewn tomb. In Matthew 27:62–66, on the following day the chief Jewish priests ask Pilate for the tomb to be secured, and with Pilate's permission the priests place seals on the large stone covering the entrance.
|
place of burial
| 58 |
[
"final resting place",
"burial site",
"last resting place",
"grave site",
"interment location"
] | null | null |
[
"Jesus",
"instance of",
"human"
] |
Christian
Jesus is the central figure of Christianity. Although Christian views of Jesus vary, it is possible to summarize the key beliefs shared among major denominations, as stated in their catechetical or confessional texts. Christian views of Jesus are derived from the texts of the New Testament, including the canonical gospels and letters such as the Pauline epistles and the Johannine writings. These documents outline the key beliefs held by Christians about Jesus, including his divinity, humanity, and earthly life, and that he is the Christ and the Son of God. Despite their many shared beliefs, not all Christian denominations agree on all doctrines, and both major and minor differences on teachings and beliefs have persisted throughout Christianity for centuries.The New Testament states that the resurrection of Jesus is the foundation of the Christian faith. Christians believe that through his sacrificial death and resurrection, humans can be reconciled with God and are thereby offered salvation and the promise of eternal life. Recalling the words of John the Baptist in the gospel of John, these doctrines sometimes refer to Jesus as the Lamb of God, who was crucified to fulfill his role as the servant of God. Jesus is thus seen as the new and last Adam, whose obedience contrasts with Adam's disobedience. Christians view Jesus as a role model, whose God-focused life believers are encouraged to imitate.At present, most Christians believe that Jesus is both human and the Son of God. While there has been theological debate over his nature, Trinitarian Christians generally believe that Jesus is the Logos, God's incarnation and God the Son, both fully divine and fully human. However, the doctrine of the Trinity is not universally accepted among Christians. With the Reformation, Christians such as Michael Servetus and the Socinians started questioning the ancient creeds that had established Jesus' two natures. Nontrinitarian Christian groups include the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Unitarians and Jehovah's Witnesses.Christians revere not only Jesus himself, but also his name. Devotions to the Holy Name of Jesus go back to the earliest days of Christianity. These devotions and feasts exist in both Eastern and Western Christianity.
|
instance of
| 5 |
[
"type of",
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"representation of"
] | null | null |
[
"Jesus",
"mother",
"Virgin Mary"
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Jesus (c. 4 BC – AD 30 or 33), also referred to as Jesus Christ or Jesus of Nazareth (among other names and titles), was a first-century Jewish preacher and religious leader. He is the central figure of Christianity, the world's largest religion. Most Christians believe he is the incarnation of God the Son and the awaited Messiah (the Christ) prophesied in the Hebrew Bible.
Virtually all modern scholars of antiquity agree that Jesus existed historically. Accounts of Jesus' life are contained in the Gospels, especially the four canonical Gospels in the New Testament. Academic research has yielded uncertainty on the historical reliability of the Gospels and how closely they reflect the historical Jesus. Jesus was a Galilean Jew who was circumcised, was baptized by John the Baptist, began his own ministry, and was often referred to as "rabbi". Jesus debated with fellow Jews on how to best follow God, engaged in healings, taught in parables, and gathered followers. He was arrested in Jerusalem and tried by the Jewish authorities, turned over to the Roman government, and crucified on the order of Pontius Pilate, the Roman prefect of Judea. After his death, his followers believed he rose from the dead, and the community they formed eventually became the early Christian Church. Accounts of his teachings and life were initially conserved by oral transmission, which was the source of the written Gospels.Christian theology includes the beliefs that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit, was born of a virgin named Mary, performed miracles, founded the Christian Church, died by crucifixion as a sacrifice to achieve atonement for sin, rose from the dead, and ascended into Heaven, from where he will return. Commonly, Christians believe Jesus enables people to be reconciled to God. The Nicene Creed asserts that Jesus will judge the living and the dead, either before or after their bodily resurrection, an event tied to the Second Coming of Jesus in Christian eschatology. The great majority of Christians worship Jesus as the incarnation of God the Son, the second of three persons of the Trinity. The birth of Jesus is celebrated annually on 25 December as Christmas. His crucifixion is honored on Good Friday and his resurrection on Easter Sunday. The world's most widely used calendar era—in which the current year is AD 2023 (or 2023 CE)—is based on the approximate birthdate of Jesus.Jesus is also revered in the Baha'i faith, the Druze faith, Islam and Manichaeism. In Islam, Jesus (often referred to by his Quranic name ʿĪsā) is considered the penultimate prophet of God and the messiah, who will return before the Day of Judgement. Muslims believe Jesus was born of the virgin Mary but was neither God nor a son of God. Most Muslims do not believe that he was killed or crucified but that God raised him into Heaven while he was still alive. In contrast, Judaism rejects the belief that Jesus was the awaited messiah, arguing that he did not fulfill messianic prophecies, was not lawfully anointed and was neither divine nor resurrected.Genealogy and nativity
Jesus was Jewish, born to Mary, wife of Joseph. The Gospels of Matthew and Luke offer two accounts of his genealogy. Matthew traces Jesus' ancestry to Abraham through David. Luke traces Jesus' ancestry through Adam to God. The lists are identical between Abraham and David, but differ radically from that point. Matthew has 27 generations from David to Joseph, whereas Luke has 42, with almost no overlap between the names on the two lists. Various theories have been put forward to explain why the two genealogies are so different.Matthew and Luke each describe Jesus' birth, especially that Jesus was born to a virgin named Mary in Bethlehem in fulfillment of prophecy. Luke's account emphasizes events before the birth of Jesus and centers on Mary, while Matthew's mostly covers those after the birth and centers on Joseph. Both accounts state that Jesus was born to Joseph and Mary, his betrothed, in Bethlehem, and both support the doctrine of the virgin birth of Jesus, according to which Jesus was miraculously conceived by the Holy Spirit in Mary's womb when she was still a virgin. At the same time, there is evidence, at least in the Lukan Acts of the Apostles, that Jesus was thought to have had, like many figures in antiquity, a dual paternity, since there it is stated he descended from the seed or loins of David. By taking him as his own, Joseph will give him the necessary Davidic descent.Early life, family, and profession
Jesus' childhood home is identified in the Gospels of Luke and Matthew as the town of Nazareth in Galilee, where he lived with his family. Although Joseph appears in descriptions of Jesus' childhood, no mention is made of him thereafter. His other family members—his mother, Mary, his brothers James, Joses (or Joseph), Judas and Simon and his unnamed sisters—are mentioned in the Gospels and other sources. Jesus' maternal grandparents are named Joachim and Anne in the Gospel of James. The Gospel of Luke records that Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, the mother of John the Baptist. Non-biblical contemporary sources consider Jesus and John the Baptist to be second cousins through the belief that Elizabeth was the daughter of Sobe, the sister of Anne.The Gospel of Mark reports that at the beginning of his ministry, Jesus comes into conflict with his neighbors and family. Jesus' mother and brothers come to get him because people are saying that he is crazy. Jesus responds that his followers are his true family. In the Gospel of John, Jesus and his mother attend a wedding at Cana, where he performs his first miracle at her request. Later, she follows him to his crucifixion, and he expresses concern over her well-being.Jesus is called a τέκτων (tektōn) in Mark 6:3, traditionally understood as carpenter but it could cover makers of objects in various materials, including builders. The Gospels indicate that Jesus could read, paraphrase, and debate scripture, but this does not necessarily mean that he received formal scribal training.When Jesus is presented as a baby in the Temple in Jerusalem per Jewish Law, a man named Simeon says to Mary and Joseph that Jesus "shall stand as a sign of contradiction, while a sword will pierce your own soul. Then the secret thoughts of many will come to light." When Jesus, at the age of twelve, goes missing on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, his parents find him in the temple sitting among the teachers, listening to them and asking questions, and the people are amazed at his understanding and answers; Mary scolds Jesus for going missing, to which Jesus replies that he must "be in his father's house".
|
mother
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Genealogy and nativity
Jesus was Jewish, born to Mary, wife of Joseph. The Gospels of Matthew and Luke offer two accounts of his genealogy. Matthew traces Jesus' ancestry to Abraham through David. Luke traces Jesus' ancestry through Adam to God. The lists are identical between Abraham and David, but differ radically from that point. Matthew has 27 generations from David to Joseph, whereas Luke has 42, with almost no overlap between the names on the two lists. Various theories have been put forward to explain why the two genealogies are so different.Matthew and Luke each describe Jesus' birth, especially that Jesus was born to a virgin named Mary in Bethlehem in fulfillment of prophecy. Luke's account emphasizes events before the birth of Jesus and centers on Mary, while Matthew's mostly covers those after the birth and centers on Joseph. Both accounts state that Jesus was born to Joseph and Mary, his betrothed, in Bethlehem, and both support the doctrine of the virgin birth of Jesus, according to which Jesus was miraculously conceived by the Holy Spirit in Mary's womb when she was still a virgin. At the same time, there is evidence, at least in the Lukan Acts of the Apostles, that Jesus was thought to have had, like many figures in antiquity, a dual paternity, since there it is stated he descended from the seed or loins of David. By taking him as his own, Joseph will give him the necessary Davidic descent.In Matthew, Joseph is troubled because Mary, his betrothed, is pregnant, but in the first of Joseph's four dreams an angel assures him not to be afraid to take Mary as his wife, because her child was conceived by the Holy Spirit. In Matthew 2:1–12, wise men or Magi from the East bring gifts to the young Jesus as the King of the Jews. They find him in a house in Bethlehem. Matthew focuses on an event after the Luke Nativity where Jesus was an infant. In Matthew Herod the Great hears of Jesus' birth and, wanting him killed, orders the murders of male infants in Bethlehem under age of 2. But an angel warns Joseph in his second dream, and the family flees to Egypt—later to return and settle in Nazareth.In Luke 1:31–38, Mary learns from the angel Gabriel that she will conceive and bear a child called Jesus through the action of the Holy Spirit. When Mary is due to give birth, she and Joseph travel from Nazareth to Joseph's ancestral home in Bethlehem to register in the census ordered by Caesar Augustus. While there Mary gives birth to Jesus, and as they have found no room in the inn, she places the newborn in a manger. An angel announces the birth to a group of shepherds, who go to Bethlehem to see Jesus, and subsequently spread the news abroad. Luke 2:21 tells how Joseph and Mary have their baby circumcised on the eighth day after birth, and name him Jesus, as Gabriel had commanded Mary. After the presentation of Jesus at the Temple, Joseph, Mary and Jesus return to Nazareth.Early life, family, and profession
Jesus' childhood home is identified in the Gospels of Luke and Matthew as the town of Nazareth in Galilee, where he lived with his family. Although Joseph appears in descriptions of Jesus' childhood, no mention is made of him thereafter. His other family members—his mother, Mary, his brothers James, Joses (or Joseph), Judas and Simon and his unnamed sisters—are mentioned in the Gospels and other sources. Jesus' maternal grandparents are named Joachim and Anne in the Gospel of James. The Gospel of Luke records that Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, the mother of John the Baptist. Non-biblical contemporary sources consider Jesus and John the Baptist to be second cousins through the belief that Elizabeth was the daughter of Sobe, the sister of Anne.The Gospel of Mark reports that at the beginning of his ministry, Jesus comes into conflict with his neighbors and family. Jesus' mother and brothers come to get him because people are saying that he is crazy. Jesus responds that his followers are his true family. In the Gospel of John, Jesus and his mother attend a wedding at Cana, where he performs his first miracle at her request. Later, she follows him to his crucifixion, and he expresses concern over her well-being.Jesus is called a τέκτων (tektōn) in Mark 6:3, traditionally understood as carpenter but it could cover makers of objects in various materials, including builders. The Gospels indicate that Jesus could read, paraphrase, and debate scripture, but this does not necessarily mean that he received formal scribal training.When Jesus is presented as a baby in the Temple in Jerusalem per Jewish Law, a man named Simeon says to Mary and Joseph that Jesus "shall stand as a sign of contradiction, while a sword will pierce your own soul. Then the secret thoughts of many will come to light." When Jesus, at the age of twelve, goes missing on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, his parents find him in the temple sitting among the teachers, listening to them and asking questions, and the people are amazed at his understanding and answers; Mary scolds Jesus for going missing, to which Jesus replies that he must "be in his father's house".Family
Many scholars agree that Joseph, Jesus' father, died before Jesus began his ministry. Joseph is not mentioned at all in the Gospels during Jesus' ministry. Joseph's death would explain why in Mark 6:3, Jesus' neighbors refer to Jesus as the "son of Mary" (sons were usually identified by their fathers).According to Theissen and Merz, it is common for extraordinary charismatic leaders, such as Jesus, to come into conflict with their ordinary families. In Mark, Jesus' family comes to get him, fearing that he is mad (Mark 3:20–34), and this account is thought to be historical because early Christians would likely not have invented it. After Jesus' death, many members of his family joined the Christian movement. Jesus' brother James became a leader of the Jerusalem Church.Géza Vermes says that the doctrine of the virgin birth of Jesus arose from theological development rather than from historical events.
Despite the widely held view that the authors of the Synoptic Gospels drew upon each other (the so-called synoptic problem), other scholars take it as significant that the virgin birth is attested by two separate gospels, Matthew and Luke.According to E. P. Sanders, the birth narratives in the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke are the clearest case of invention in the Gospel narratives of Jesus' life. Both accounts have Jesus born in Bethlehem, in accordance with Jewish salvation history, and both have him growing up in Nazareth. But Sanders points that the two Gospels report completely different and irreconcilable explanations for how that happened. Luke's account of a census in which everyone returned to their ancestral cities is not plausible. Matthew's account is more plausible, but the story reads as though it was invented to identify Jesus as like a new Moses, and the historian Josephus reports Herod the Great's brutality without ever mentioning that he massacred little boys. The contradictions between the two Gospels were probably apparent to the early Christians already, since attempts to harmonize the two narratives are already present in the earlier apocryphal infancy gospels (the Infancy Gospel of Thomas and the Gospel of James), which are dated to the 2nd century CE.Sanders says that the genealogies of Jesus are based not on historical information but on the authors' desire to show that Jesus was the universal Jewish savior. In any event, once the doctrine of the virgin birth of Jesus became established, that tradition superseded the earlier tradition that he was descended from David through Joseph. The Gospel of Luke reports that Jesus was a blood relative of John the Baptist, but scholars generally consider this connection to be invented.
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place of birth
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Islam
A major figure in Islam, Jesus (often referred to by his Quranic name ʿĪsā) is considered to be a messenger of God (Allāh) and the messiah (al-Masīḥ) who was sent to guide the Children of Israel (Banī Isrāʾīl) with a new scripture, the Gospel (referred to in Islam as Injīl). Muslims regard the gospels' accounts in the New Testament as partially authentic, and believe that Jesus' original message was altered (taḥrīf) and that Muhammad came later to revive it. Belief in Jesus (and all other messengers of God) is a requirement for being a Muslim. The Quran mentions Jesus by name 25 times—more often than Muhammad—and emphasizes that Jesus was a mortal human who, like all other prophets, had been divinely chosen to spread God's message. While the Quran affirms the Virgin birth of Jesus, he is considered to be neither an incarnation nor a son of God. Islamic texts emphasize a strict notion of monotheism (tawḥīd) and forbid the association of partners with God, which would be idolatry.The Quran describes the annunciation to Mary (Maryam) by the Holy Spirit that she is to give birth to Jesus while remaining a virgin. It calls the virgin birth a miracle that occurred by the will of God. The Quran (Q21:91 and Q66:12) states that God breathed his spirit into Mary while she was chaste. Jesus is called a "spirit from God" because he was born through the action of the Spirit, but that belief does not imply his pre-existence.To aid in his ministry to the Jewish people, Jesus was given the ability to perform miracles, by permission of God rather than by his own power. Through his ministry, Jesus is seen as a precursor to Muhammad. In the Quran (Q4:157–159) it is said that Jesus was not killed but was merely made to appear that way to unbelievers, and that he was raised into the heavens while still alive by God. According to most classic Sunni and Twelver Shi'ite interpretations of these verses, the likeness of Jesus was cast upon a substitute (most often one of the apostles), who was crucified in Jesus' stead. However, some medieval Muslims (among others, the ghulāt writing under the name of al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi, the Brethren of Purity, various Isma'ili philosophers, and the Sunni mystic al-Ghazali) affirmed the historicity of Jesus' crucifixion. These thinkers held the docetic view that, although Jesus' human form (his body) had died on the cross, his true divine nature (his spirit) had survived and ascended into heaven, so that his death was only an appearance. Nevertheless, to Muslims it is the ascension rather than the crucifixion that constitutes a major event in the life of Jesus. There is no mention of his resurrection on the third day, and his death plays no special role in Islamic theories of salvation. However, Jesus is a central figure in Islamic eschatology: Muslims believe that he will return to Earth at the end of time and defeat the Antichrist (ad-Dajjal) by killing him.According to the Quran, the coming of Muhammad was predicted by Jesus: "And remember, Jesus, the son of Mary, said: 'O children of Israel! I am God's messenger to you, confirming the law (which came) before me, and giving glad tidings of a messenger to come after me, whose name shall be Ahmad'" (Quran 61:6). Through this verse, early Arab Muslims claimed legitimacy for their new faith in the existing religious traditions and the alleged predictions of Jesus.
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present in work
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Authorship, date, reliability
The canonical gospels are four accounts, each by a different author. The authors of the Gospels are all anonymous, attributed by tradition to the four evangelists, each with close ties to Jesus: Mark by John Mark, an associate of Peter; Matthew by one of Jesus' disciples; Luke by a companion of Paul mentioned in a few epistles; and John by another of Jesus' disciples, the "beloved disciple".According to the Marcan priority, the first to be written was the Gospel of Mark (written AD 60–75), followed by the Gospel of Matthew (AD 65–85), the Gospel of Luke (AD 65–95), and the Gospel of John (AD 75–100). Most scholars agree that the authors of Matthew and Luke used Mark as a source for their gospels. Since Matthew and Luke also share some content not found in Mark, many scholars assume that they used another source (commonly called the "Q source") in addition to Mark.One important aspect of the study of the Gospels is the literary genre under which they fall. Genre "is a key convention guiding both the composition and the interpretation of writings". Whether the gospel authors set out to write novels, myths, histories, or biographies has a tremendous impact on how they ought to be interpreted. Some recent studies suggest that the genre of the Gospels ought to be situated within the realm of ancient biography. Although not without critics, the position that the Gospels are a type of ancient biography is the consensus among scholars today.Concerning the accuracy of the accounts, viewpoints run the gamut from considering them inerrant descriptions of Jesus' life, to doubting whether they are historically reliable on a number of points, to considering them to provide very little historical information about his life beyond the basics. According to a broad scholarly consensus, the Synoptic Gospels (the first three—Matthew, Mark, and Luke) are the most reliable sources of information about Jesus.Comparative structure and content
Matthew, Mark, and Luke are known as the Synoptic Gospels, from the Greek σύν (syn "together") and ὄψις (opsis "view"), because they are similar in content, narrative arrangement, language and paragraph structure, and one can easily set them next to each other and synoptically compare what is in them. Scholars generally agree that it is impossible to find any direct literary relationship between the Synoptic Gospels and the Gospel of John. While the flow of many events (e.g., Jesus' baptism, transfiguration, crucifixion and interactions with his apostles) are shared among the Synoptic Gospels, incidents such as the transfiguration and Jesus' exorcizing demons do not appear in John, which also differs on other matters, such as the Cleansing of the Temple.The Synoptics emphasize different aspects of Jesus. In Mark, Jesus is the Son of God whose mighty works demonstrate the presence of God's Kingdom. He is a tireless wonder worker, the servant of both God and man. This short gospel records few of Jesus' words or teachings. The Gospel of Matthew emphasizes that Jesus is the fulfillment of God's will as revealed in the Old Testament, and the Lord of the Church. He is the "Son of David", a "king", and the messiah. Luke presents Jesus as the divine-human savior who shows compassion to the needy. He is the friend of sinners and outcasts, come to seek and save the lost. This gospel includes well-known parables, such as the Good Samaritan and the Prodigal Son.The prologue to the Gospel of John identifies Jesus as an incarnation of the divine Word (Logos). As the Word, Jesus was eternally present with God, active in all creation, and the source of humanity's moral and spiritual nature. Jesus is not only greater than any past human prophet but greater than any prophet could be. He not only speaks God's Word; he is God's Word. In the Gospel of John, Jesus reveals his divine role publicly. Here he is the Bread of Life, the Light of the World, the True Vine and more.In general, the authors of the New Testament showed little interest in an absolute chronology of Jesus or in synchronizing the episodes of his life with the secular history of the age. As stated in John 21:25, the Gospels do not claim to provide an exhaustive list of the events in Jesus' life. The accounts were primarily written as theological documents in the context of early Christianity, with timelines as a secondary consideration. In this respect, it is noteworthy that the Gospels devote about one third of their text to the last week of Jesus' life in Jerusalem, referred to as the Passion. The Gospels do not provide enough details to satisfy the demands of modern historians regarding exact dates, but it is possible to draw from them a general picture of Jesus' life story.In Matthew, Joseph is troubled because Mary, his betrothed, is pregnant, but in the first of Joseph's four dreams an angel assures him not to be afraid to take Mary as his wife, because her child was conceived by the Holy Spirit. In Matthew 2:1–12, wise men or Magi from the East bring gifts to the young Jesus as the King of the Jews. They find him in a house in Bethlehem. Matthew focuses on an event after the Luke Nativity where Jesus was an infant. In Matthew Herod the Great hears of Jesus' birth and, wanting him killed, orders the murders of male infants in Bethlehem under age of 2. But an angel warns Joseph in his second dream, and the family flees to Egypt—later to return and settle in Nazareth.In Luke 1:31–38, Mary learns from the angel Gabriel that she will conceive and bear a child called Jesus through the action of the Holy Spirit. When Mary is due to give birth, she and Joseph travel from Nazareth to Joseph's ancestral home in Bethlehem to register in the census ordered by Caesar Augustus. While there Mary gives birth to Jesus, and as they have found no room in the inn, she places the newborn in a manger. An angel announces the birth to a group of shepherds, who go to Bethlehem to see Jesus, and subsequently spread the news abroad. Luke 2:21 tells how Joseph and Mary have their baby circumcised on the eighth day after birth, and name him Jesus, as Gabriel had commanded Mary. After the presentation of Jesus at the Temple, Joseph, Mary and Jesus return to Nazareth.Early life, family, and profession
Jesus' childhood home is identified in the Gospels of Luke and Matthew as the town of Nazareth in Galilee, where he lived with his family. Although Joseph appears in descriptions of Jesus' childhood, no mention is made of him thereafter. His other family members—his mother, Mary, his brothers James, Joses (or Joseph), Judas and Simon and his unnamed sisters—are mentioned in the Gospels and other sources. Jesus' maternal grandparents are named Joachim and Anne in the Gospel of James. The Gospel of Luke records that Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, the mother of John the Baptist. Non-biblical contemporary sources consider Jesus and John the Baptist to be second cousins through the belief that Elizabeth was the daughter of Sobe, the sister of Anne.The Gospel of Mark reports that at the beginning of his ministry, Jesus comes into conflict with his neighbors and family. Jesus' mother and brothers come to get him because people are saying that he is crazy. Jesus responds that his followers are his true family. In the Gospel of John, Jesus and his mother attend a wedding at Cana, where he performs his first miracle at her request. Later, she follows him to his crucifixion, and he expresses concern over her well-being.Jesus is called a τέκτων (tektōn) in Mark 6:3, traditionally understood as carpenter but it could cover makers of objects in various materials, including builders. The Gospels indicate that Jesus could read, paraphrase, and debate scripture, but this does not necessarily mean that he received formal scribal training.When Jesus is presented as a baby in the Temple in Jerusalem per Jewish Law, a man named Simeon says to Mary and Joseph that Jesus "shall stand as a sign of contradiction, while a sword will pierce your own soul. Then the secret thoughts of many will come to light." When Jesus, at the age of twelve, goes missing on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, his parents find him in the temple sitting among the teachers, listening to them and asking questions, and the people are amazed at his understanding and answers; Mary scolds Jesus for going missing, to which Jesus replies that he must "be in his father's house".Baptism and temptation
The synoptic gospels describe Jesus' baptism in the Jordan River and the temptations he received while spending forty days in the Judaean Desert, as a preparation for his public ministry. The accounts of Jesus' baptism are all preceded by information about John the Baptist. They show John preaching penance and repentance for the remission of sins and encouraging the giving of alms to the poor as he baptizes people in the area of the Jordan River around Perea and foretells the arrival of someone "more powerful" than he.In the Gospel of Mark, John the Baptist baptizes Jesus, and as he comes out of the water he sees the Holy Spirit descending to him like a dove and a voice comes from heaven declaring him to be God's Son. This is one of two events described in the Gospels where a voice from Heaven calls Jesus "Son", the other being the Transfiguration. The spirit then drives him into the wilderness where he is tempted by Satan. Jesus then begins his ministry in Galilee after John's arrest.In the Gospel of Matthew, as Jesus comes to him to be baptized, John protests, saying, "I need to be baptized by you." Jesus instructs him to carry on with the baptism "to fulfill all righteousness". Matthew details three temptations that Satan offers Jesus in the wilderness.In the Gospel of Luke, the Holy Spirit descends as a dove after everyone has been baptized and Jesus is praying. Later John implicitly recognizes Jesus from prison after sending his followers to ask about him. Luke also describes three temptations received by Jesus in the wilderness, before starting his ministry in Galilee.The Gospel of John leaves out Jesus' baptism and temptation. Here, John the Baptist testifies that he saw the Spirit descend on Jesus. John publicly proclaims Jesus as the sacrificial Lamb of God, and some of John's followers become disciples of Jesus. Before John is imprisoned, Jesus leads his followers to baptize disciples as well, and they baptize more people than John.In the gospel accounts, Jesus devotes a large portion of his ministry by performing miracles, especially healings. The miracles can be classified into two main categories: healing miracles and nature miracles. The healing miracles include cures for physical ailments, exorcisms, and resurrections of the dead. The nature miracles show Jesus' power over nature, and include turning water into wine, walking on water, and calming a storm, among others. Jesus states that his miracles are from a divine source. When his opponents suddenly accuse him of performing exorcisms by the power of Beelzebul, the prince of demons, Jesus counters that he performs them by the "Spirit of God" (Matthew 12:28) or "finger of God", arguing that all logic suggests that Satan would not let his demons assist the Children of God because it would divide Satan's house and bring his kingdom to desolation; furthermore, he asks his opponents that if he exorcises by Beel'zebub, "by whom do your sons cast them out?" In Matthew 12:31–32, he goes on to say that while all manner of sin, "even insults against God" or "insults against the son of man", shall be forgiven, whoever insults goodness (or "The Holy Spirit") shall never be forgiven; they carry the guilt of their sin forever.
In John, Jesus' miracles are described as "signs", performed to prove his mission and divinity. In the Synoptics, when asked by some teachers of the Law and some Pharisees to give miraculous signs to prove his authority, Jesus refuses, saying that no sign shall come to corrupt and evil people except the sign of the prophet Jonah. Also, in the Synoptic Gospels, the crowds regularly respond to Jesus' miracles with awe and press on him to heal their sick. In John's Gospel, Jesus is presented as unpressured by the crowds, who often respond to his miracles with trust and faith. One characteristic shared among all miracles of Jesus in the gospel accounts is that he performed them freely and never requested or accepted any form of payment. The gospel episodes that include descriptions of the miracles of Jesus also often include teachings, and the miracles themselves involve an element of teaching. Many of the miracles teach the importance of faith. In the cleansing of ten lepers and the raising of Jairus's daughter, for instance, the beneficiaries are told that their healing was due to their faith.Activities in Jerusalem
In the Synoptics, the last week in Jerusalem is the conclusion of the journey through Perea and Judea that Jesus began in Galilee. Jesus rides a young donkey into Jerusalem, reflecting the tale of the Messiah's Donkey, an oracle from the Book of Zechariah in which the Jews' humble king enters Jerusalem this way. People along the way lay cloaks and small branches of trees (known as palm fronds) in front of him and sing part of Psalms 118:25-26.Jesus next expels the money changers from the Second Temple, accusing them of turning it into a den of thieves through their commercial activities. He then prophecies about the coming destruction, including false prophets, wars, earthquakes, celestial disorders, persecution of the faithful, the appearance of an "abomination of desolation", and unendurable tribulations. The mysterious "Son of Man", he says, will dispatch angels to gather the faithful from all parts of the earth. Jesus warns that these wonders will occur in the lifetimes of the hearers. In John, the Cleansing of the Temple occurs at the beginning of Jesus' ministry instead of at the end.Jesus comes into conflict with the Jewish elders, such as when they question his authority and when he criticizes them and calls them hypocrites. Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve apostles, secretly strikes a bargain with the Jewish elders, agreeing to betray Jesus to them for 30 silver coins.The Gospel of John recounts of two other feasts in which Jesus taught in Jerusalem before the Passion Week. In Bethany, a village near Jerusalem, Jesus raises Lazarus from the dead. This potent sign increases the tension with authorities, who conspire to kill him. Mary of Bethany anoints Jesus' feet, foreshadowing his entombment. Jesus then makes his Messianic entry into Jerusalem.
The cheering crowds greeting Jesus as he enters Jerusalem add to the animosity between him and the establishment. In John, Jesus has already cleansed the Second Temple during an earlier Passover visit to Jerusalem. John next recounts Jesus' Last Supper with his disciples.Last Supper
The Last Supper is the final meal that Jesus shares with his twelve apostles in Jerusalem before his crucifixion. The Last Supper is mentioned in all four canonical gospels; Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians also refers to it. During the meal, Jesus predicts that one of his apostles will betray him. Despite each Apostle's assertion that he would not betray him, Jesus reiterates that the betrayer would be one of those present. Matthew 26:23–25 and John 13:26–27 specifically identify Judas as the traitor.In the Synoptics, Jesus takes bread, breaks it, and gives it to the disciples, saying, "This is my body, which is given for you". He then has them all drink from a cup, saying, "This cup that is poured out for you is the new covenant in my blood," The Christian sacrament or ordinance of the Eucharist is based on these events. Although the Gospel of John does not include a description of the bread-and-wine ritual during the Last Supper, most scholars agree that John 6:22–59 (the Bread of Life Discourse) has a eucharistic character and resonates with the institution narratives in the Synoptic Gospels and in the Pauline writings on the Last Supper.In all four gospels, Jesus predicts that Peter will deny knowledge of him three times before the rooster crows the next morning. In Luke and John, the prediction is made during the Supper. In Matthew and Mark, the prediction is made after the Supper; Jesus also predicts that all his disciples will desert him. The Gospel of John provides the only account of Jesus washing his disciples' feet after the meal. John also includes a long sermon by Jesus, preparing his disciples (now without Judas) for his departure. Chapters 14–17 of the Gospel of John are known as the Farewell Discourse and are a significant source of Christological content.Resurrection and ascension
The Gospels do not describe the moment of the resurrection of Jesus. They describe the discovery of his empty tomb and several appearances of Jesus, with distinct differences in each narrative.In the four Gospels, Mary Magdalene goes to the tomb on Sunday morning, alone or with one or several other women. The tomb is empty, with the stone rolled away, and there are one or two angels, depending on the accounts. In the Synoptics, the women are told that Jesus is not here and that he is risen. In Mark and Matthew, the angel also instructs them to tell the disciples to meet Jesus in Galilee. In Luke, Peter visits the tomb after he is told it is empty. In John, he goes there with the beloved disciple. Matthew mentions Roman guards at the tomb, who report to the priests of Jerusalem what happened. The priests bribe them to say that the disciples stole Jesus' body during the night.The four Gospels then describe various appearances of Jesus in his resurrected body. Jesus first reveals himself to Mary Magdalene in Mark 16:9 and John 20:14-17, along with "the other Mary" in Matthew 28:9, while in Luke the first reported appearance is to two disciples heading to Emmaus. Jesus then reveals himself to the eleven disciples, in Jerusalem or in Galilee. In Luke 24:36-43, he eats and shows them his tangible wounds to prove that he is not a spirit. He also shows them to Thomas to end his doubts, in John 20:24-29. In the Synoptics, Jesus commissions the disciples to spread the gospel message to all nations, while in John 21, he tells Peter to take care of his sheep.Jesus' ascension into Heaven is described in Luke 24:50–53, Acts 1:1–11 and mentioned in 1 Timothy 3:16. In the Acts of the Apostles, forty days after the Resurrection, as the disciples look on, "he was lifted up, and a cloud took him out of their sight". 1 Peter 3:22 states that Jesus has "gone into heaven and is at the right hand of God".The Acts of the Apostles describes several appearances of Jesus after his Ascension. In Acts 7:55, Stephen gazes into heaven and sees "Jesus standing at the right hand of God" just before his death. On the road to Damascus, the Apostle Paul is converted to Christianity after seeing a blinding light and hearing a voice saying, "I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting." In Acts 9:10–18, Jesus instructs Ananias of Damascus in a vision to heal Paul. The Book of Revelation includes a revelation from Jesus concerning the last days of Earth.
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present in work
| 69 |
[
"featured in work",
"appears in work",
"mentioned in work",
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"portrayed in work"
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