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[
"Nathan Trent",
"participant of",
"Eurovision Song Contest"
] | Career
2016–present: Eurovision Song Contest
Trent was born in Innsbruck, Austria, to an Austrian father and an Italian mother. On 18 June 2016, Trent released his debut single "Like It Is". On 19 December 2016, Trent was announced as the Austrian representative in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017. His song, "Running on Air", was released on 28 February 2017. At the time of his selection as the Austrian entrant, Trent was one of the 33 artists that had been shortlisted in Unser Song 2017, the contest to select the German entrant in the Eurovision Song Contest 2017. He was automatically eliminated, as a performer can not represent more than one country in the same year by European Broadcasting Union regulations. He ultimately finished 16th in the contest, with 93 points. | null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"William Hazlett Upson",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Early life
Born at Glen Ridge, New Jersey on September 6, 1891, Upson was the son of William Ford Upson (1857–1930) and Grace (Hazlett) Upson (1861–1911); his older brother was the aeronautics engineer Ralph Hazlett Upson. He graduated from Glen Ridge High School in 1909. Upson attended Cornell University, graduating in 1914. He worked for a short time as a farmer and then served in the United States Army during World War I, after which he was employed as a traveling tractor mechanic by the Caterpillar Tractor Company. | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Addie Waites Hunton",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Addie Waites Hunton (June 11, 1866 – June 22, 1943) was an African-American suffragist, race and gender activist, writer, political organizer, and educator. In 1889, Hunton became the first black woman to graduate from Spencerian College of Commerce. She worked for the Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA), served as the national organizer for the National Association of Colored Women (NACW) from 1906 to 1910, and served in the U.S. Army during World War I. Hunton was a regular participant in the work of the Equal Suffrage League. | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Clark Eichelberger",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Career
In World War I, Eichelberger interrupted his studies to serve in France.In 1922, he became a lecturer for the Radcliffe Chautauqua System.In 1928, Eichelberger became director of the Midwest office of the League of Nations Association (LNA). He served as a consultant to the League of Nations Secretariat. By 1934, he was the national director of the League of Nations Association. In 1945, the association's name changed to the American Association of the United Nations (AAUN), and Eichelberger served as its executive director until 1964, when he became vice president of the United Nations Association of the USA (UNAUSA) through 1968.In 1945, Eichelberger served as consultant to the United States delegation to the San Francisco Conference and was a member of the committee that created the first draft of the UN Charter. Alger Hiss served as acting secretary during that meeting.In 1939, he co-founded and directed the Commission to Study the Organization of Peace (CSOP). In 1964, he became its chairman. In 1968, he became executive director and served 1974.
Eichelberger was a prolific writer and used such occasions to advocated for the United Nations as a means of achieving world peace. In 1939, he wrote: The road to peace for the United States and for the rest of the nations is to be found in a highly developed society of nations. Some future generation may live in a world in which national sovereignty counts for much less than it does today. In it there will be new forms of group loyalty and patriotism.
In 1944, in a review on book about the United Nations, he commented: | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Paul A. Chase",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Early life
Paul Addison Chase was born in Whitingham, Vermont on November 13, 1895, the son of attorney Charles Sumner Chase and Carrie (Brigham) Chase. His siblings included Harrie B. Chase, who served on the Vermont Supreme Court and the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Chase was raised in Brattleboro, and he graduated from Brattleboro High School in 1914. Chase attended Amherst College as a member of the class of 1918, and left during his junior year to join the United States Army for World War I.World War I
First assigned to the 151st Depot Brigade at Camp Devens, Massachusetts, after completing his initial training Chase was assigned to the 304th Infantry Regiment a subordinate command of the 76th Division. By September 1918, Chase was attending the signal school at the 1st Depot Division in France, where he was trained to lay telephone cable and install and operate field telephones and switchboards. Subsequently assigned to the headquarters of the 148th Infantry Regiment, a unit of the 37th Division, he took part in combat during October and November, including the Battle of Saint-Mihiel, and fighting around Avocourt during the Meuse-Argonne Offensive.Chase remained in Europe for post-war occupation duty, and was promoted to corporal in December 1918. He returned to the United States in April 1919, and was discharged at Camp Devens. After the war, he took part in organizing the American Legion in Vermont, and was the state organization's first finance officer.Following his discharge from the Army, Chase joined the Vermont National Guard's 43rd Infantry Division. He was promoted to sergeant, and served until being discharged in 1923. | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Stephen S. Cushing",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Stephen S. Cushing (March 20, 1884 – September 23, 1957) was a Vermont attorney, businessman, judge, and politician. He was a veteran of World War I, and his most notable government service was as an associate justice of the Vermont Supreme Court from 1952 to 1953.Military service
Cushing was a longtime member of the Vermont National Guard. He enlisted in Company B, 1st Vermont Infantry Regiment in 1906, and he advanced to corporal before receiving his commission as a second lieutenant. After settling in St. Albans, he transferred his military membership to Company L. In the years prior to World War I, he advanced through the ranks to major, and served in positions including aide-de-camp to the adjutant general and judge advocate of the Vermont National Guard. Cushing served on active duty for the War Department as the U.S. Property and Disbursing Officer for Vermont and military aide to the governor, assisting to demobilize the National Guard following its Mexican border service during the Pancho Villa Expedition. During World War I, he joined the office of the Army's Provost Marshal General, and his responsibilities included implementation of the Selective Service Act of 1917. After the war he was one of the organizers of the American Legion in Vermont, and was a member of the Military Order of Foreign Wars and the Forty and Eight. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Percival L. Shangraw",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Military career
Shangraw joined the Vermont National Guard's 1st Infantry Regiment shortly before World War I. This unit was federalized as the 57th Pioneer Infantry Regiment, and completed its training at Camp Greene, North Carolina and Camp Wadsworth, South Carolina, and Shangraw advanced through the ranks to become sergeant major of his battalion. Upon arrival in France, the 57th Pioneer Infantry was designated to provide replacement troops for the 83rd Division, and Shangraw completed officer training and received a second lieutenant's commission in early September 1918. Shangraw was promoted to first lieutenant later that month, and was one of a small number of soldiers designated to reconstitute the regiment and prepare it for transfer to the front lines. The war ended before their training was complete, and Shangraw was with the regiment when it was discharged at Camp Devens, Massachusetts in August 1919.During World War II, Shangraw was commissioned as a captain in the Vermont State Guard, which performed home guard duties while the Vermont National Guard served overseas. He commanded Company I, 3rd Battalion, which was based in St. Albans, and he was promoted to major before the end of the war. | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Dennis Hadley Currie",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Personal life and death
Currie was married and had two children, son William Ross Curie and daughter Annie Virginia Currie. He suffered from an illness throughout his life, which delayed his graduation from West Point. This illness also caused his early retirement and eventually contributed to Currie's early death at the age of 53 in Piedmont, California on 26 March 1928. He was buried at the San Francisco National Cemetery three days later. Though a lieutenant colonel at the time of his military retirement, he was posthumously advanced to brigadier general in June 1930 having served temporarily at that rank from October 1918 to June 1919 during World War I. | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Timothy T. Cronin",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Biography
Cronin was born to Timothy and Mary (Swanson) Cronin on June 27, 1884, in Chicago, Illinois. He later moved with his family to Oconomowoc, Wisconsin, and attended what later became the Wisconsin State College of Milwaukee and served as a high school principal in Mukwonago, Wisconsin, before his graduation from the University of Wisconsin Law School in 1914. During World War I, he served in the United States Army. A Roman Catholic, Cronin was a member of the Knights of Columbus and the Society of the Holy Name.
On November 9, 1916, Cronin married Maud F. Clohisy. They had two children. He died in Oconomowoc on September 20, 1955, due to complications from a myocardial infarction and a stroke. | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Joseph Florence Abbott",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Career
Abbott was admitted to the bar in the District of Columbia in 1912.During World War I, he served as a lieutenant in the field artillery in the United States Army.After serving in the military during World War I, he returned to practice law. He served as the General Counsel for the American Sugar Refining Company from 1926 to 1929. He became its President in 1929 and served as such until 1953. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Srbuk",
"participant of",
"Eurovision Song Contest"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Srbuk",
"influenced by",
"Ray Charles"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Srbuk",
"influenced by",
"Stevie Wonder"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Srbuk",
"influenced by",
"Ella Fitzgerald"
] | Influences
Her influences include Aretha Franklin, Etta James, Ella Fitzgerald, Stevie Wonder, Ray Charles and Michael Jackson. | null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"Srbuk",
"influenced by",
"Aretha Franklin"
] | null | null | null | null | 13 |
|
[
"Srbuk",
"influenced by",
"Etta James"
] | null | null | null | null | 14 |
|
[
"Calvert Hinton Arnold",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Military career
During World War I, Arnold enlisted in the Georgia National Guard. In August 1917, he was commissioned in the infantry. From 1922 to 1927, he returned to Mercer University, obtained a Bachelor of Art degree and graduated from the Army Industrial College. Prior to World War II, Arnold graduated from the General Staff School and Army Staff College.During World War II, Arnold was stationed in the Pacific Theater. He was chief signal officer in the Netherlands East Indies and the Southwest Pacific from January 1942 to May 1943. During the middle of the war, he was commandant of the Central Signal Corps from 1943 to 1945. Arnold was promoted to brigadier general in January 1945. As brigadier general, he served in the office of the chief signal officer from 1945 to 1949. For his role, Arnold was awarded the Legion of Merit. | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Payne Midyette",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Payne H. Midyette Sr. (1898–1983) was an American insurance broker, politician and rancher in Tallahassee, Florida. He served one term in the Florida House of Representatives (1945–1947) and established an insurance agency in the tallest building in Tallahassee. Midyette Road in Tallahassee is named for him. With Frank D. Moor as partner, they established in 1931 the insurance firm Midyette-Moor Inc.He served in Europe with 32nd Infantry Division during World War I. | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Mark W. Clark",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Kunimitsu Takahashi",
"participant of",
"Formula One"
] | Car racing
Takahashi participated in one Formula One race, the 1977 Japanese Grand Prix on 23 October 1977, driving the non-works Tyrrell that Kazuyoshi Hoshino had used in the 1976 Japanese Grand Prix. Takahashi finished 9th in his single Grand Prix outing, thus he scored no championship points. From 1987 to 1992, he competed in the Japanese Formula 3000 championship. He also competed in eight 24 Hours of Le Mans races between 1986 and 1996. In the 1995 24 Hours of Le Mans, his team competed with a Honda NSX, winning the GT2 Class and finishing eighth overall.
In 1994, he formed Team Kunimitsu to compete in the inaugural JGTC season, running a Porsche 911 RSR Turbo in the GT1 class alongside Keiichi Tsuchiya. In 1996, with the advent of the GT500 class, Team Kunimitsu switched manufacturers from Porsche to Honda. The next year, Team Kunimitsu cars wore the Raybrig colors for the first time. Takahashi drove for his own team until 1999. He retired at the end of the season to focus on team management. Team Kunimitsu won their first Drivers Championship in 2018 with Naoki Yamamoto and 2009 Formula One champion Jenson Button behind the wheel of the #100 Raybrig Honda. | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Kunimitsu Takahashi",
"participant of",
"24 Hours of Le Mans"
] | Kunimitsu Takahashi (Shinjitai: 高橋 国光, Takahashi Kunimitsu, 29 January 1940 – 16 March 2022) was a Japanese professional motorcycle road racer, racing driver, and team manager. Nicknamed "Kuni-san", he is known as the "father of drifting".
His racing career lasted from 1958 to 1999. He competed on motorcycles between 1958 and 1963, during which he became the first Japanese rider to win a World Grand Prix, taking four world-level wins in total. Injuries sustained in a crash in 1962 led to him switching to four-wheels in 1965, after which he won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in class, become a four-time All-Japan Sports Prototype Champion, and won in Japanese Top Formula, JTC, and JGTC. His final victory as a driver in 1999 came at the age of 59.
His racing team, Team Kunimitsu, has won multiple championships in Super GT. He was the chairman of the GT Association, the organizers of the Super GT series, from 1993 to 2007. | null | null | null | null | 10 |
[
"Frank Buckles",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | null | null | null | null | 5 |
|
[
"Edward Almond",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | World War I
Almond served in France during the latter stages of the war, ending it as a major. He fought in the Meuse–Argonne offensive of late 1918 as the commander of the 12th Machine Gun Battalion of the 4th Division, commanded then by Major General George H. Cameron. During his service in France, he was wounded in action and received a Silver Star Citation (later upgraded to the Silver Star decoration). Of his being wounded, which occurred in early August 1918, he later wrote: | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Murray Leinster",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Murray Leinster",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Murray Leinster"
] | null | null | null | null | 19 |
|
[
"Charles A. Willoughby",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Early life and education
Willoughby is often quoted as being born March 8, 1892, in Heidelberg, Germany, as Adolph Karl Weidenbach, the son of Baron T. Tscheppe-Weidenbach and wife Emma Willoughby Tscheppe-Weidenbach of Baltimore, Maryland. This was disputed by Frank Kluckhohn of The Reporter (New York Journal) in 1952, and there remains uncertainty as to both his birth name and lineage.It is certain, however, that Willoughby emigrated from Germany to the U.S. in 1910, and in October 1910 he enlisted in the U.S. Army, where he served with the 5th Infantry, initially as a private, later rising to the rank of sergeant. He was honorably discharged from the army in 1913.
He then entered Gettysburg College as a senior in 1913 based on his attestations of three years of attendance at the University of Heidelberg and the Sorbonne in Paris before he emigrated to the United States. Although he graduated with a B.A. in 1914, it is disputed whether or not he actually did attend either European university.After graduation from Gettysburg College, Willoughby was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Officers' Volunteer Reserve Corps of the U.S. Army in 1914. He spent three years teaching German and military studies (while serving as a reserve U.S. Army officer) at various prep-schools in the United States. In August 1916, he vacated his position in the reserve to accept a Regular Army commission as a second lieutenant under the name Adolph Charles Weidenbach. He rose to Captain and served in World War I in the American Expeditionary Force.He changed his name at some point between 1910 and 1930 to Charles Andrew Willoughby (a loose translation of Weidenbach, the German for "willow brook"). During his early life, he became fluent in English, Spanish, German, French, and later, Japanese.World War I
Using the name Adolf Charles Weidenbach, Willoughby was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Regular Army on 27 November 1916, and promoted to first lieutenant on the same day. He joined the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in June 1917 and was promoted to captain (permanent) on 30 June 1917, serving initially with the 16th Infantry Regiment (United States), First Division. He later transferred to the U.S. Army Air Corps, where he was trained as a pilot by the French military.Post World War I
After the war, Captain Willoughby/Weidenbach joined the 24th Infantry in New Mexico in 1919. He spent two years at his post before being posted to San Juan, Puerto Rico. He became involved in military intelligence while in San Juan. While serving in Puerto Rico he married Juana Manuela Rodríguez Umpierre who bore him a daughter, Olga. He had served as a Military Attaché in Ecuador. He received the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus from Benito Mussolini's Fascist Italian government. In the 1920s Willoughby was an admirer of Spanish General and future dictator Francisco Franco, calling him the "second greatest general in the world". He met him in Morocco and then delivered a speech to him at a lunch in Madrid. He was toasted by the Secretary General of the Falangist Party.In 1929, Willoughby was assigned to Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas as a student and in 1931 as an instructor. In 1936, Major Willoughby was promoted to lieutenant colonel. | null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"John C. Kleczka",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Hobart Baumann Amstutz",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Robert Alexander (United States Army officer)",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Major General Robert Alexander (October 17, 1863 – August 25, 1941) was a senior United States Army officer. He served in World War I, where he commanded the 77th Infantry Division, in which the famous Lost Battalion served, on the Western Front in 1918.Military career
In 1887, he became the first sergeant of his company, and in 1889 received a promotion to second lieutenant.As he rose through the ranks he took part in the American Indian Wars, served in Puerto Rico during the Spanish–American War. He was with the 11th Infantry in 1901 when it was ordered to the Philippines during the Philippine–American War, and he served at Carigara on the island of Leyte. In 1902, he took part in combat against Filipino insurgents on Leyte and Samar, and in one engagement he was wounded by a bolo. During the Pancho Villa Expedition, Alexander served on the Texas–Mexico. At some point he attended both the United States Army War College and the United States Army Command and General Staff College.When the United States joined the Allied forces in World War I, Alexander proved his valor and was able to rise through the ranks. He was also given the responsibility of inspector general in the Zone of Communications from November 1917 to February 1918. Alexander was promoted to brigadier general in February 1918 and then to major general in August 1918.From the headquarters of the 77th Division in France, Alexander was one of the officers who reported on the Lost Battalion incident. A group of around 500 soldiers, in nine companies, had disappeared after going into the Argonne Forest expecting American and French Allied troops to meet them. This had followed an American attack on German forces and, with Major Charles White Whittlesey leading the group, the men found that the French troops had been stalled. As a result, the battalion was cut off by the Germans who surprised them and suffered large losses with only 197 men coming out of the ravine. In the report he states:"General Order Number 30:
I desire to publish to the command an official recognition of the valor and extraordinary heroism in action of the officers and enlisted men of the following organizations:
Companies A, B, C, E, G, H 308th Infantry
Company K 307th Infantry
Companies C, D 306th Machine Gun Btln.
These organizations, or detachments therefrom, comprised the approximate force of 550 men under command of Major Charles W. Whittlesey, which was cut off from the remainder of the Seventy-Seventh Division and surrounded by a superior number of the enemy near Charlevaux, in the Forest d'Argonne, from the morning of October 3, 1918, to the night of October 7, 1918.
Without food for more than one hundred hours, harassed continuously by machine gun, rifle, trench mortar and grenade fire, Major Whittlesey's command, with undaunted spirit and magnificent courage, successfully met and repulsed daily violent attacks by the enemy. They held the position which had been reached by supreme efforts, under orders received for an advance, until communication was re-established with friendly troops.
When relief finally came, approximately 194 officers and men were able to walk out of the position. Officers and men killed numbered 107.
On the fourth day a written proposition to surrender received from the Germans was treated with the contempt which it deserved.
The officers and men of these organizations during these five days of isolation continually gave unquestionable proof of extraordinary heroism and demonstrated the high standard and ideals of the United States Army.
Robert Alexander, Major General, US Army
Commanding"April 15, 1919
In France, he commanded the 41st Division, 63rd Infantry Brigade, and the 77th Division. He commanded the 77th from August 1918 onwards, including during the Meuse–Argonne offensive, where he was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross (DSC) in October for heroism at Grandpré, Ardennes. The medal's citation reads:The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Major General Robert Alexander, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism in action while serving with 77th Division, A.E.F., near Grand Pre, France, 11 October 1918. During the advance in the Argonne Forest and at a time when his forces were fatigued by the stress of battle and a long period of active front-line service, Major General Alexander visited the units in the front line, cheering and encouraging them to greater efforts. Unmindful of the severe fire to which he was subjected, he continued until he had inspected each group. His utter disregard of danger and inspiring example resulted in the crossing of the Aire and the capture of Grand Pre and St. Juvin.
He was also awarded the Croix de Guerre (France), two citations and was made a Commander of the Legion of Honor (France).After the war, which ended on November 11, 1918, he returned to his permanent rank of colonel and commanded the 3rd Field Artillery Brigade.
In 1919, Alexander received the honorary degree of LL.D. from St. John's College of Annapolis, Maryland.Alexander later commanded the 3rd Division and Fort Lewis, Washington. He retired in 1927 at the rank of major general.He authored a memoir, 1931's Memories of the World War, 1917–1918. Also in 1931, Alexander received an honorary LL.D. from the College of Puget Sound.In 1933, Alexander was a delegate to the Washington state convention that ratified the Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution. He was a candidate for chairman of the convention but after a deadlock he withdrew in favor of a compromise choice. On the ratification question, Alexander was in the majority, which voted to enact the Twenty-first amendment by a vote of 94 to 4. | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"S.L.A. Marshall",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Career
Service in WWI and career pre-1942
Marshall enlisted in the US Army on November 28, 1917, joining the 315th Engineer Battalion, part of the 90th Infantry Division. Based initially in Camp Travis, near San Antonio, Texas, his division transferred to France with the American Expeditionary Forces in June 1918 and Marshall was promoted to sergeant. The 315th took part in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Offensive. A 1921 record of the 315th Engineers from formation to the end of 1918 shows that during six weeks of active service, Marshall's company lost nine dead and fifteen wounded out of 165 men.Shortly after the Armistice, Marshall was selected to take the entrance examinations for the United States Military Academy, part of an initiative to promote exceptional soldiers from the ranks. He subsequently attended Officer Candidate School, was commissioned in early 1919, and remained in France to assist with post-war demobilization.After his discharge, he remained in the United States Army Reserve, and attended the Texas College of Mines, now the University of Texas at El Paso. In the early 1920s, he became a newspaper reporter and editor, first with the El Paso Herald, and later The Detroit News. As a reporter, Marshall gained a national reputation for his coverage of Latin American and European military affairs, including the Spanish Civil War. In 1940, he published Blitzkrieg: Armies on Wheels, an analysis of the tactics developed by the Wehrmacht prior to World War II, and used during its invasion of Poland and Czechoslovakia. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Pat Flaherty (actor)",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Biography
Early life
Flaherty was born Edmund Joseph Flaherty in Washington, D.C.; the son of Mary Rose Ella (née Wilson) and Michael Joseph Flaherty. He was the older brother of writer Vincent X. Flaherty. Flaherty had Irish ancestry. Pat attended Eastern High School, and Dean College in Franklin, Massachusetts. After playing baseball, he attended Princeton University and graduated on January 26, 1918. Flaherty served in the U.S. Army during the Pancho Villa Expedition and then as an U.S. Army Air Service pilot in World War I. | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Arthur S. Champeny",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Arthur Seymour Champeny (August 13, 1893 – April 11, 1979) was a United States Army officer, reaching the rank of Brigadier General. He is the only American to earn the Distinguished Service Cross in three different wars. In addition to his three Distinguished Service Crosses, he was awarded the Silver Star, two Legions of Merit, five Purple Hearts, two French Croix de Guerre, the French Legion of Honor, and the Italian Bronze Medal of Military Valor.World War I
Champeny earned his first Distinguished Service Cross in September 1918 for bravery near St.-Mihiel in the northeast of France, while serving as 1st Lieutenant, 356th Infantry Regiment, 89th Infantry Division. His Distinguished Service Cross citation reads:The Distinguished Service Cross is presented to Arthur S. Champeny, Captain, U.S. Army, for extraordinary heroism in action near St. Mihiel, France, September 12, 1918. Assisting the battalion commander, who had been severely wounded in the early fighting, Captain Champeny maintained the liaison personnel, making many journeys himself through heavy shelling. When the battalion commander had been evacuated he assumed command and moved the battalion to its new position. | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Bryant Moore",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Byron Darnton",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Journalism career
Darnton was born November 8, 1897, in Adrian, Michigan. His interest in journalism began in adolescence, when he and his family visited his uncle Charles Darnton, a drama critic for Joseph Pulitzer's Evening World in New York, New York. After leaving high school in 1917, Darnton joined the American Expeditionary Force and served in World War I, before returning to the United States and entering the University of Michigan, where he joined the fraternity of Sigma Phi.The Sandusky Herald in Sandusky, Ohio, provided Darnton's entry to the newspaper industry; he followed this with a stint at The Baltimore Sun. Darnton also provided several short stories to The Smart Set magazine, then edited by H.L. Mencken, who attempted to convince Darnton to shift his attention to writing fiction. Instead, Darnton went on to write for the Philadelphia Bulletin and Philadelphia Evening Ledger, then in 1925 moved to the New York Post, where his work on the rewrite desk earned him the sobriquet, "the all-American rewrite man". Then, after a period as the Associated Press city editor in New York, he joined the staff of The New York Times in 1934. | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Charles J. Biddle (aviator)",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Major Charles John Biddle (13 May 1890 – 22 March 1972) was an American aviator, attorney, and author. He was a flying ace during World War I. Postwar, he launched a career in law and wrote his memoirs.Family and early life
Charles John Biddle was born on 13 May 1890 at Andalusia, the Biddle family estate near Philadelphia.
His father was Charles Biddle (1857–1923) and mother was Letitia Glenn. His grandfather Charles John Biddle (1819–1873) was a soldier in the Union Army and subsequently a member of the United States House of Representatives. Andalusia was the estate of his great-grandfather, banker Nicholas Biddle (1786–1844). He was an hereditary member of the Aztec Club of 1847.
He graduated from Princeton University in 1911, and from Harvard Law School three years later. He was admitted to the Pennsylvania Bar, but interrupted his nascent career to serve in World War I. | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Charles J. Biddle (aviator)",
"different from",
"Charles John Biddle"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Earle E. Partridge",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Biography
Earl Partridge graduated Ashby High School, Ashby, Massachusetts in 1917. Partridge enlisted in the United States Army in July 1918 at Fort Slocum, New York, and was assigned to the 5th Engineer Training Regiment. He went to France in August 1918 to join the 79th Division, participating in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne Offensive. | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Emory Sherwood Adams",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"G. Edward Buxton Jr.",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Gonzalo Edward Buxton Jr. (May 13, 1880 – March 15, 1949) was a colonel in the American Expeditionary Force in World War I and the commanding officer of Sergeant Alvin C. York. In later life he was the first assistant director of the OSS.World War I
Buxton resigned from the National Guard in October, 1916, and was immediately commissioned Major of infantry in the Reserve Corps of the United States Army. He was assigned to active duty at Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia, on May 8, 1917, where he was assigned command of the Second Battalion of the First Officers' Training Camp.
On August 26, 1917, he was assigned to the command of the 2nd Battalion, 328th Infantry Regiment, of the 82nd Division at Camp Gordon, Georgia. It was here where he first met one of his charges, then
Private Alvin Cullum York from the Valley of the Three Forks of the Wolf River in Pall Mall, Tennessee.
During this time York began to communicate and share some of his concerns and doubts about the role of the military and questioned his ability to take the life of another human being. Company Commander Captain Edward Danforth and Buxton were both impressed with York's honesty and willingness to address his moral dilemma, not to mention the promise he showed in his basic training. Alvin began meeting with Major Buxton and Captain Danforth. They discussed the Bible's teachings with York, citing scriptural passages from the Old and New Testaments, with the intent to convince York there are times when the sword is the instrument of peace and divine justice. In addition, Buxton, an American history scholar, shared his perspectives on freedom and the premise of self-determination.
After this discussion, Buxton allowed York a ten-day pass to go home to the mountains of Tennessee in order to sort out his feelings. Upon his return Major Buxton was ready to give York his discharge or reassign him as a non-combatant if he still espoused concerns. In the end, however, York returned refreshed and ready to engage the Germans, reassured by his faith in God. York confided years later about Buxton, "He was the first New Englander I ever knowed… I was kinder surprised at his knowledge of the Bible. It made me happy to know my battalion commander was familiar with the word of God."In November 1917, Buxton was promoted to acting lieutenant-colonel of the regiment though he resumed command of his battalion when the 328th left for overseas duty on April 30, 1918. The regiment continued their training with the British in the Somme Sector, near Abbeyville, France, in the latter part of May and the first two weeks of June. During this period Buxton, always leading by example, spent a week in the front-line trenches before Albert, with the famed British Tenth Essex Battalion (The Essex Regiment, 18th Division) from May 20 to June 18, 1918.From June 20 to August 7 the 328th Regiment was engaged in the Lagny Sector, north of Toul, and from August 15 to September 12 occupied a portion of the Marbache Sector (on Moselle). The 328th participated in the great St. Mihiel offensive, September 12–16, 1918 which straightened out the salient made by the Germans in 1914. Buxton's battalion led the attack of the 328th Infantry along the west bank of the Moselle River, capturing the town of Norroy and the commanding ridge north of that town.
On September 18, 1918, two days after the close of this action, Buxton was appointed to and served as inspector-general of the 82nd Division until January 16, 1919, when he saw continuing action as a commander and combatant in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive from September 25 to November 1. This was the crowning American contribution that brought about the Armistice of November 11, 1918.
On January 16 Buxton was assigned to "special duty" at general headquarters under General Pershing.
On February 28, 1919, Buxton was formally promoted to lieutenant-colonel of the 328th Infantry Regiment and returned to the United States (Camp Upton, New York) on May 8, 1919, where he was discharged from active service.
In 1921, following his return to Rhode Island, Buxton went on the Organized (Inactive) Reserve list and in 1922 was promoted to colonel and officer commanding of the 385th Rhode Island Infantry, 76th Division. He served in that capacity until his retirement from military service in 1932. | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Glenn A. Abbey",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Military service
Abbey served in the United States Army during World War I. He joined the army on 23 February 1918 and became a sergeant. | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"John H. Church",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Major General John Huston Church (June 28, 1892 – November 3, 1953) was a senior officer in the United States Army. He fought in World War I, World War II and in the Korean War. During the latter conflict, he provided assistance to the South Korean Army in the opening days of the war. He later commanded the 24th Infantry Division while it was engaged in the Battle of the Pusan Perimeter.Early life
John Huston Church was born in the town of Glen Iron in Pennsylvania, on June 28, 1892. From 1915 until 1917, he was a student at New York University. After the American entry into World War I, Church volunteered for the United States Army and was commissioned as a second lieutenant. He served on the Western Front with the 28th Infantry Regiment, part of the 1st Division of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF). He was wounded twice, and was awarded a Distinguished Service Cross for heroism in action at the Battle of Cantigny.At the end of the war, Church decided to continue with his service in the army. He was aide-de-camp to Brigadier General F. C. Marshall in 1920 and, having been promoted to captain, a post as an instructor with the National Guard in Maryland followed. From 1933 to 1936, he served in the Philippines. In 1936, and by now a major, he returned to the United States to attend the Command and General Staff School for two years. He later served with the Arizona National Guard as an instructor. In October 1940, he became the assistant chief of staff for operations of the 45th Infantry Division. | null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"Joseph B. Adkison",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Joseph Bernard Adkison (January 4, 1892 – May 23, 1965) was an American soldier serving in the U.S. Army during World War I who received the Medal of Honor for bravery.Biography
Adkison was born in West Tennessee, and entered the Army in 1917 in Memphis. He lived in Atoka, Tennessee when he entered the army. By mid-1918, Adkison and his division were involved in combat in France. On September 29, 1918, near Bellicourt, France, Adkison, by then a Sergeant, found himself and his platoon pinned down by heavy German machine gun fire located fifty yards to their front.
Adkison, acting alone, charged the machine gun nest, kicked it over into the enemy trench, and using the bayonet fixed on his rifle captured the three man machine gun crew, allowing his platoon to advance. He was awarded the Medal of Honor in 1919, and was one of six soldiers from Tennessee to receive that medal for their service during the First World War. Another of the six was Alvin York, subject of the film Sergeant York starring actor Gary Cooper.
Adkison received the Medal of Honor at the Atoka Presbyterian Church. The church had a stone monument made to honor the occasion. The Atoka Board of Mayor and Aldermen named a street in his honor. Adkison Circle passes in front of the property and home his mother bought in 1906. During Tennessee Homecoming '86, the stone from the church was moved to a newly named Adkison Park, also in front of his home in the Town of Atoka.
Adkison died in 1965, and is buried at Salem Cemetery next to the Salem Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church near the Town of Atoka, Tennessee. | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Julius Ochs Adler",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Phil S. Gibson",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Early life and education
Gibson was born in Grant City, Missouri on November 28, 1888. He was the son of William Jesse and Mollie (Huntsman) Gibson. He attended the University of Missouri, graduating in 1912 with an A.B. and in 1914 with a LL.B. During college, he served as the secretary to the school's athletic director, Chester Brewer.In June 1914, on his graduation from law school he formed a partnership with David H. Robertson in Mexico, Missouri, and in November 1914 he was elected the Prosecuting Attorney of Worth County, Missouri. In April 1918, during World War I, Gibson was commissioned a Lieutenant in the 137th Infantry of the American Expeditionary Force, and later that year was posted to the front. After the war, he studied at the Inns of Court in London. Discharged from the service in 1920, he joined his brother in Denver, Colorado, and practiced law for two years. | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Ralph Francis Stearley",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Reuben Ellis Jenkins",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Early life
Jenkins was born in Cartersville, Georgia on February 14, 1896. In April 1917, he enlisted as a private in the Georgia National Guard.World War I
In August 1918, Jenkins was commissioned as a second lieutenant. He served throughout World War I, commanding companies in the 31st, 77th and 1st Infantry Divisions. | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Samuel G. Fuqua",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Biography
Samuel was born October 15, 1899, a native of Laddonia, Missouri and entered the United States Naval Academy in July 1919, after a year at the University of Missouri and World War I service in the Army. Following graduation and commissioning in June 1923, he served in the battleship USS Arizona, destroyer USS Macdonough and battleship USS Mississippi before receiving shore duty at San Francisco, California, from 1930 to 1932. Lieutenant Fuqua served in other ships and shore stations during the mid-1930s, and was commanding officer of the minesweeper USS Bittern in the Asiatic Fleet in 1937–39.
After service at the Naval Training Station, Great Lakes, Illinois, from 1939 to 1941, Lieutenant Commander Fuqua returned to Arizona as the ship's Damage Control Officer and first lieutenant, and was on board her during Japan's December 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor. Though knocked unconscious by a bomb that hit the ship's stern early in the attack, he subsequently directed fire fighting and rescue efforts. After the ship's forward magazines exploded, he was her senior surviving officer and was responsible for saving her remaining crewmen. For his actions at that time, he was awarded the Medal of Honor.
During most of 1942, Fuqua was an officer of the cruiser USS Tuscaloosa and was promoted to commander. From 1943 to 1944, he was assigned to duty at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, later attended the Naval War College, and was promoted to the rank of captain.
Captain Fuqua was Operations Officer for Commander Seventh Fleet from January to August 1945, helping to plan and execute several amphibious operations in the Philippines and Borneo area. Following the war, he served in other staff positions, and from 1949 to 1950 commanded the destroyer tender USS Dixie. After service as Chief of Staff of the Eighth Naval District, he retired from active duty in July 1953, receiving at that time the rank of rear admiral on the basis of his combat awards.
He died January 27, 1987, in Decatur, Georgia, and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery, in Arlington, Virginia.Awards
Medal of Honor citation
Lieutenant Commander Fuqua's official Medal of Honor citation reads: | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Samuel Woodfill",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Samuel Woodfill (January 6, 1883 – August 10, 1951) was a major in the United States Army. He was a veteran of the Philippine–American War, World War I, and World War II. Woodfill was one of the most celebrated American soldiers of the early 20th century. General John Pershing called Woodfill the most outstanding soldier in World War I. During an offensive in October 1918, he single-handedly neutralized three German machine gun emplacements while suffering under the effect of mustard gas, and was able to successfully lead his men safely back to the American lines without casualties. Woodfill was considered to be one of America's most decorated soldiers in World War I. He received the Medal of Honor (which General Pershing presented on 9 February 1919), the French Légion d'honneur in the degree of Chevalier, the French Croix de guerre with bronze palm, the Montenegrin Order of Prince Danilo I in the degree of Knight and the Italian Croce al Merito di Guerra among other awards. So legendary was Woodfill's renown, that almost 11 years after the war ended, a Polish Army delegation presented him two medals. The presentation occurred during the 11th Annual National Convention of the American Legion held in Louisville, Kentucky from 30 September - 3 October 1929.After returning home at the end of the war, Woodfill took a number of different jobs before starting a career as an insurance salesman. He was among the three soldiers chosen to dedicate the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in 1921, joining fellow Medal of Honor recipients Charles Whittlesey and Alvin York. At the outbreak of World War II, he was commissioned as a major and spent two years training recruits before resigning from the army after the death of his wife in 1943. Woodfill retired to a farm near Vevay, Indiana, where he lived until his death. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.Military career
The United States was occupying the Philippines when Woodfill was dispatched as a private. Woodfill was involved in a number of conflicts with the Filipino guerilla forces. He remained in the Philippines until 1904 before being transferred to Alaska that same year to serve at Fort Egbert until its closure in 1911. Not wanting to leave Alaska, Woodfill remained and served at Fort Gibbon. In 1912, he was stationed in Fort Thomas, Kentucky.
In 1914 Woodfill was dispatched as part of a force to guard the Mexican American border during the Mexican Civil War. Their presence was sufficient to halt the cross border violence and he saw no action there. In 1917, his company returned to Fort Thomas.
After the United States declared war on Germany and entered World War I in April 1917, the Army greatly expanded. Due to the demand for experienced officers, Woodfill was granted a temporary commission as a second lieutenant on July 11, 1917.
About this time, Woodfill began courting Lorena "Blossom" Wiltshire and the couple married on December 26, 1917. The couple bought a home in the town of Fort Thomas.World War I
After the American entry into World War I, Woodfill's regiment, the 60th Infantry was in late 1917 assigned to the Fifth Infantry Division and deployed to Europe in early 1918 to reinforce the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) under the command of General John J. Pershing. Due to a shortage of experienced officers in the army, Woodfill was promoted to second lieutenant on July 11, 1917, and to first lieutenant on March 2, 1918. His regiment was placed in the defenses between Meuse and the Argonne in France in August 1918.Post war
Woodfill was promoted to captain in the Infantry on March 25, 1919. Unfortunately for Woodfill, the Army was in the process of a major drawdown after the First World War and Woodfill was discharged on October 31, 1919. He re-enlisted as a sergeant on November 24 and was later promoted to master sergeant.
Along with Alvin York and others, Woodfill was picked in 1921 to serve as a pallbearer for the Unknown Soldier. He was regarded as one of the country's great heroes of World War I, but apparently struggled to make a living after the war.Despite his honors, Woodfill—on a sergeant's salary—struggled to pay his bills and to pay off the mortgage on his Fort Thomas home. Woodfill took a job in 1922 as a $6-a-day carpenter working on the Ohio River dam project at Silver Grove. Ned Hastings, manager of the Keith Theater in Cincinnati, sent pictures of Woodfill working at the dam site to New York City. There, a theatrical group involved in charitable work raised money to pay off the mortgage on Woodfill's Fort Thomas home and to pay up an insurance policy.
Woodfill retired from the Army as a master sergeant on December 24, 1923. He was promoted to the rank of captain on the retired list by an act of Congress on May 7, 1932. | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Thomas Francis Hickey (United States Army officer)",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Early life
Hickey was born in South Boston, Massachusetts on April 1, 1898, a son of Lawrence Hickey and Johanna T. (McGrath) Hickey. He graduated from South Boston High School in 1916. Hickey was a prominent high school athlete, and was a member of South Boston's football, basketball, and track teams. South Boston High School also participated in the Boston School Cadets program, which provided military training to the city's male high school students. Hickey served in 2nd Battalion, 5th Regiment and attained the rank of captain.Hickey's desire for a military career was well-known among friends and family, and Hickey enlisted as a private soon after his high school graduation. He was promoted to corporal in 1917 and served in the enlisted ranks until being chosen for officer training. In the summer and fall of 1917, Hickey attended officer training at the Citizens Military Training Camp at Plattsburgh Barracks, claiming an 1897 date of birth and 1915 high school graduation in order to meet the minimum age requirement. In November 1917, Hickey received a Reserve commission as a second lieutenant of Cavalry. | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Thomas W. Herren",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Thomas Wade Herren (August 9, 1895 – June 4, 1985) was a United States Army officer and combat commander whose career spanned from World War I to the post-Korean War era.Early years and World War I
Herren was born in Dadeville, Alabama, on August 9, 1895. He was graduated from Tallapoosa Country High School in 1914 and from the University of Alabama in 1917. After a few months as a high school teacher in Gadsden, Alabama, he enrolled as an officer candidate in the first officers training camp at Fort McPherson, Georgia in May 1917. He was commissioned a provisional second lieutenant in the Regular Army on August 15, 1917 and assigned to the 78th Field Artillery at Fort Bliss, Texas. After a brief course at the Field Artillery School, he accompanied his regiment to France as a battery executive officer and then commander until it was demobilized. | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Walter Leo Weible",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Lieutenant General Walter Leo Weible (June 2, 1896 − February 19, 1980) was a United States Army officer who served in both World War I and World War IIWorld War I
Weible enlisted for World War I as a private in the Army Coast Artillery on December 17, 1917. He served on Long Island until June 25, 1918, when he received his commission as a second lieutenant in the Coast Artillery. | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"William M. Hoge",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | General William Morris Hoge (January 13, 1894 – October 29, 1979) was a highly decorated senior United States Army officer who fought with distinction in World War I, World War II, and the Korean War, with a military career spanning nearly forty years.Early life and military career
William M. Hoge was born on the campus of Kemper Military School in Boonville, Missouri, where his father William McGuffey Hoge served as principal. In 1905, the family moved to Lexington, Missouri, where his father bought an ownership interest and served as principal and superintendent at Wentworth Military Academy. After graduating from Wentworth in 1911 and taking a postgrad year in New York, he received an appointment to the United States Military Academy (USMA) at West Point, New York. He graduated in June 1916, then was commissioned into the Engineer Branch of the United States Army. His fellow graduates were men such as Horace L. McBride, Stanley Eric Reinhart, Fay B. Prickett, Calvin DeWitt Jr., Dwight Johns, Wilhelm D. Styer and Robert Neyland. Hoge commanded a company of the 7th Engineer Regiment, 5th Division, at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas from 1917 to 1918, during World War I.
During the war, Hoge served overseas in France, where he received the Distinguished Service Cross personally from General John J. Pershing, Commander-in-chief of the American Expeditionary Forces on the Western Front, for heroic action under fire as a battalion commander during the Meuse–Argonne offensive. The citation for his DSC reads:The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Major (Corps of Engineers) William Morris Hoge, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism in action while serving with 7th Engineers, 5th Division, A.E.F., near Brieulles, France, 4 November 1918. After personally and voluntarily reconnoitering the site of a pontoon bridge over the Meuse, in daylight and under direct shell fire, Major Hoge commanded the movement of a train of heavy wagons, under enemy observation, to this location. Major Hoge then supervised the construction of the bridge and the successful crossing of the train.
He was also awarded the Silver Star, "for gallantry in action", during the war.During the interwar years, Hoge graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and from the United States Army Command and General Staff College. | null | null | null | null | 3 |
[
"Henry Aurand",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Lieutenant General Henry Spiese Aurand (April 21, 1894 – June 18, 1980) was a United States Army career officer. He was a veteran of World War I, World War II and the Korean War. A graduate of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, Aurand was ranked 20th in the class of 1915, known as "the class the stars fell on" because no fewer than 59 of the 164 members of the class who graduated became generals. His classmates included Dwight D. Eisenhower and Omar Bradley, both of whom later achieved five-star rank. He was commissioned in the Coast Artillery Corps, but later transferred to the Ordnance Department.
During World War I he served on the Mexican border during the Pancho Villa Expedition, was an assistant to the officer in charge of the design and construction of the Aberdeen Proving Ground, and was at the Sandy Hook Proving Ground from 1917 to 1919. Between the wars Aurand attended Ordnance School at the Watertown Arsenal in 1921–1922, the Army Command and Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 1927–1928, the Army War College in 1930–1931, and the Army Industrial College in 1939–1940. He served in the Philippines from 1925 to 1927, and on the faculty of the Ordnance School at Watertown Arsenal from 1929 to 1930. From 1933 to 1937, he was an instructor in logistics at the Army War College.
During World War II Aurand was the Director of Defense Aid, the program that sent Lend Lease materials to the Allies. He became the Chief of the International Division, Army Service Forces in 1942 and later that year the secretary of the Combined Production and Resources Board. In September 1942 he became the Commanding General of the Sixth Service Command, based in Chicago, Illinois. In 1944, Aurand was assigned as the Assistant Chief Ordnance Officer, European Theater of Operations, United States Army (ETOUSA) and Communications Zone (COMZ). He become the Commanding General, Normandy Base Section, in December 1944. In May 1945, he went to the China Theater as the Commanding General, United States Army Services of Supply there.
Aurand returned to the United States as the Commanding General of the Sixth Service Command, and he was commander of the Africa-Middle East Theater in 1946. In June 1946, he became the last Director of Research and Development, War Department. In 1948, he became the Director of Logistics, Department of the Army. His final assignment was as Commanding General, United States Army, Pacific, a position he held until his retirement in 1952.World War I
Aurand's first posting was to the 169th Company at Fort Monroe, Virginia, from September 11, 1915, to April 15, 1916. He then went to Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia, but on June 2 was sent to El Paso, Texas, where he was in charge of civilian truck companies supporting the Pancho Villa Expedition in Mexico. He was promoted to first lieutenant on July 1. While there, he married Margaret John (Peggy) Decker, the sister of a fellow officer, in San Antonio, Texas, on July 13, 1916. Her father, Davis Evan Decker, was a Texas state senator and judge; her grandmother, Nancy Elizabeth Morrow, was the oldest daughter of Sam Houston. They had two children: Evan Peter Aurand, who graduated from the United States Naval Academy with the class of 1938, and eventually rose to the rank of vice admiral; and Henry (Hank) Spiese Aurand Jr., who graduated from West Point with the class of 1944.From October 3, 1916, to November 1, 1917, Aurand was a student officer at the Ordnance School at the Sandy Hook Proving Ground. He was promoted to captain on July 25, 1917. His first assignment with the Ordnance Department was an assistant to the officer in charge of the design and
construction of the Aberdeen Proving Ground, Major William R. King. He was promoted to major in the Ordnance Department on January 14, 1918. He returned to the Sandy Hook Proving Ground, where he spent the rest of World War I working with civilian scientists on the development of flashless propellant.Between the wars
After the war ended, Aurand returned to Fort Monroe on April 7, 1919, as the ordnance officer at the Coast Artillery Training Center. On March 21, 1920, he reported to Fort Sam Houston, Texas, as Assistant Ordnance Officer of the Southern Department. He reverted to his substantive rank of captain on May 17. Two days later he became the Adjutant and Disbursing Officer at the San Antonio Arsenal. His wife Peggy left him, and divorced him. He formally transferred to the Ordnance Department on July 1, 1920, with the rank of major, but reverted to captain again on November 4, 1922.From September 10, 1921, to November 6, 1922, Aurand was a student officer at the Ordnance School at the Watertown Arsenal in Massachusetts, and took a summer course at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He differed with the senior instructor at the Watertown Arsenal, arguing that ordnance officers should be trained in field repairs, leaving the complex tasks to civilians. As a result, he received an adverse efficiency report that rated him as being deficient in military bearing, neatness, tact and judgement, and recommended that he be given field service assignments only. This ended any prospect of his being given a mechanical engineering position. In November he remarried Peggy; their son Peter was a ring bearer at the wedding.
On November 6, 1922, Aurand became the Ordnance Officer for the V Corps Area at Fort Hayes, Ohio. In this role he supervised the training of National Guard units from Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio and West Virginia, and in November 1923 he prepared mobilization plans for the Corps Area. | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"William O. Brice",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"William H. Abendroth",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Early life
William Henry Abendroth, Jr., nicknamed Harry, was the son of a career soldier who served in the American Indian Wars and the Spanish–American War before retiring as a First Sergeant and becoming an instructor in military studies at the University of Idaho. The younger Abendroth was born in Fort Meade, South Dakota, on December 24, 1895. He enlisted in the Idaho National Guard in 1913, and served as a member of Company H, 2nd Idaho Infantry Regiment on the Mexican border during the Pancho Villa Expedition.Abendroth served with the army in France during World War I, first in an Infantry company, and later with an Engineer unit. He achieved the rank of first sergeant by the end of the war, and was discharged in 1919. | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Eugene M. Landrum",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Ieva Januškevičiūtė",
"participant of",
"FIS Alpine Ski World Cup"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
|
[
"Ieva Januškevičiūtė",
"participant of",
"2014 Winter Olympics"
] | Biography
Januškevičiūtė first stood on skis on a family trip to the Tatra mountains at age five. She began ski racing at the age of 12 as a member of the "Kalnų ereliai" (Mountain Eagles) ski club, based at "Žiemos trasa" on Liepkalnis in Januškevičiūtė's hometown of Vilnius. Her first coach was Lithuanian-American Jennifer Virskus. At the age of 13, she was interviewed by Trans World Sport as part of a feature about the Kalnų ereliai ski team. She later joined Kronplatz Racing Centre in Italy and was coached by Nicola Paulon.In 2012 at the age of 18 she broke Lithuanian national records of women's alpine skiing FIS points.In 2013, she competed at FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2013: 81st in giant slalom, did not finish in slalom.In 2014 Januškevičiūtė was selected to represent Lithuania in 2014 Winter Olympic Games. She attracted a lot of local media attention as being the first Lithuanian female alpine skier that qualified for the Olympics.In 2014 Winter Olympics she participated in two events. Januškevičiūtė finished 71st at the first run of giant slalom, but did not finish the second one. During the slalom, one of her skies detached, and she could not finish the course.In 2015, she represented Lithuania at the 2015 FIS Alpine World Ski Championships at Beaver Creek, Colorado.In 2018 Januškevičiūtė was selected to represent Lithuania at the 2018 Winter Olympic Games. She finished 54th in giant slalom and 43rd in the women's slalom event. | null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"Ieva Januškevičiūtė",
"participant of",
"2018 Winter Olympics"
] | Ieva Januškevičiūtė (born 22 September 1994) is a Lithuanian alpine skier and two-time Winter Olympian. She is the first Lithuanian woman to compete in the Winter Olympics in alpine skiing. She is currently the head coach of the "Snow Bees" ski club and a personal trainer based in Vilnius.Biography
Januškevičiūtė first stood on skis on a family trip to the Tatra mountains at age five. She began ski racing at the age of 12 as a member of the "Kalnų ereliai" (Mountain Eagles) ski club, based at "Žiemos trasa" on Liepkalnis in Januškevičiūtė's hometown of Vilnius. Her first coach was Lithuanian-American Jennifer Virskus. At the age of 13, she was interviewed by Trans World Sport as part of a feature about the Kalnų ereliai ski team. She later joined Kronplatz Racing Centre in Italy and was coached by Nicola Paulon.In 2012 at the age of 18 she broke Lithuanian national records of women's alpine skiing FIS points.In 2013, she competed at FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2013: 81st in giant slalom, did not finish in slalom.In 2014 Januškevičiūtė was selected to represent Lithuania in 2014 Winter Olympic Games. She attracted a lot of local media attention as being the first Lithuanian female alpine skier that qualified for the Olympics.In 2014 Winter Olympics she participated in two events. Januškevičiūtė finished 71st at the first run of giant slalom, but did not finish the second one. During the slalom, one of her skies detached, and she could not finish the course.In 2015, she represented Lithuania at the 2015 FIS Alpine World Ski Championships at Beaver Creek, Colorado.In 2018 Januškevičiūtė was selected to represent Lithuania at the 2018 Winter Olympic Games. She finished 54th in giant slalom and 43rd in the women's slalom event. | null | null | null | null | 6 |
[
"Ieva Januškevičiūtė",
"participant of",
"FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2015 – women's slalom"
] | null | null | null | null | 10 |
|
[
"Ieva Januškevičiūtė",
"participant of",
"FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2015 – women's giant slalom"
] | Biography
Januškevičiūtė first stood on skis on a family trip to the Tatra mountains at age five. She began ski racing at the age of 12 as a member of the "Kalnų ereliai" (Mountain Eagles) ski club, based at "Žiemos trasa" on Liepkalnis in Januškevičiūtė's hometown of Vilnius. Her first coach was Lithuanian-American Jennifer Virskus. At the age of 13, she was interviewed by Trans World Sport as part of a feature about the Kalnų ereliai ski team. She later joined Kronplatz Racing Centre in Italy and was coached by Nicola Paulon.In 2012 at the age of 18 she broke Lithuanian national records of women's alpine skiing FIS points.In 2013, she competed at FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2013: 81st in giant slalom, did not finish in slalom.In 2014 Januškevičiūtė was selected to represent Lithuania in 2014 Winter Olympic Games. She attracted a lot of local media attention as being the first Lithuanian female alpine skier that qualified for the Olympics.In 2014 Winter Olympics she participated in two events. Januškevičiūtė finished 71st at the first run of giant slalom, but did not finish the second one. During the slalom, one of her skies detached, and she could not finish the course.In 2015, she represented Lithuania at the 2015 FIS Alpine World Ski Championships at Beaver Creek, Colorado.In 2018 Januškevičiūtė was selected to represent Lithuania at the 2018 Winter Olympic Games. She finished 54th in giant slalom and 43rd in the women's slalom event. | null | null | null | null | 11 |
[
"Ieva Januškevičiūtė",
"participant of",
"FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2017 – women's giant slalom"
] | null | null | null | null | 12 |
|
[
"Ieva Januškevičiūtė",
"participant of",
"FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2017 – women's slalom"
] | null | null | null | null | 13 |
|
[
"Ieva Januškevičiūtė",
"participant of",
"FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2013 – women's giant slalom"
] | Biography
Januškevičiūtė first stood on skis on a family trip to the Tatra mountains at age five. She began ski racing at the age of 12 as a member of the "Kalnų ereliai" (Mountain Eagles) ski club, based at "Žiemos trasa" on Liepkalnis in Januškevičiūtė's hometown of Vilnius. Her first coach was Lithuanian-American Jennifer Virskus. At the age of 13, she was interviewed by Trans World Sport as part of a feature about the Kalnų ereliai ski team. She later joined Kronplatz Racing Centre in Italy and was coached by Nicola Paulon.In 2012 at the age of 18 she broke Lithuanian national records of women's alpine skiing FIS points.In 2013, she competed at FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2013: 81st in giant slalom, did not finish in slalom.In 2014 Januškevičiūtė was selected to represent Lithuania in 2014 Winter Olympic Games. She attracted a lot of local media attention as being the first Lithuanian female alpine skier that qualified for the Olympics.In 2014 Winter Olympics she participated in two events. Januškevičiūtė finished 71st at the first run of giant slalom, but did not finish the second one. During the slalom, one of her skies detached, and she could not finish the course.In 2015, she represented Lithuania at the 2015 FIS Alpine World Ski Championships at Beaver Creek, Colorado.In 2018 Januškevičiūtė was selected to represent Lithuania at the 2018 Winter Olympic Games. She finished 54th in giant slalom and 43rd in the women's slalom event. | null | null | null | null | 14 |
[
"Ieva Januškevičiūtė",
"participant of",
"FIS Alpine World Ski Championships 2013 – women's slalom"
] | null | null | null | null | 15 |
|
[
"Andrew C. Tychsen",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Andrew Christian Tychsen (June 27, 1893 – July 3, 1986) was a United States Army brigadier general. He served in World War I as a company commander and by the end of World War II, was commanding the 100th Infantry Division. Later, during the Korean War, he served as Chief of Staff of the IX Corps. He retired from the army in 1953.Early years
Tychsen was born on June 27, 1893, in Hoboken, New Jersey. During World War I, Tychsen enlisted as a private in the Minnesota National Guard in April 1914 and was assigned to Company A of the 1st Infantry. In this capacity, Tychsen served on Mexican border during the Pancho Villa Expedition. He rose to the rank of first sergeant and was posted to the First Reserve Officers Training Camp at Fort Snelling on March 25, 1917.In August 1917, Tychsen was sent to France with the 88th Infantry Division and participated in the fighting near Belfort and Epinal. Tychsen was promoted to the rank of captain and Commanding Officer of Company C, 339th Machine Gun Battalion.
After his return to the States in 1919, Tychsen was commissioned as a captain in the Regular army and attended the United States Army Infantry School at Fort Benning in 1921. During 1921–1925, he served as Assistant Professor of Military Science and Tactics at University of Minnesota. Subsequently, he served as Professor of Military Science and Tactics at St. Thomas Military Academy until 1932, when he was transferred to Hawaii, where he served at Schofield Barracks with the 27th Infantry Regiment. On August 1, 1935, Tychsen was promoted to the rank of major and was detached to the Command and General Staff School at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. He graduated there a year later and then was transferred to Jefferson Barracks in Missouri, where he served with the 6th Infantry Regiment. In 1938, Tychsen was transferred to the Camden, New Jersey, where he was appointed as an Executive officer of the Camden Military District. In this capacity, he was in command of Organized Reserves. | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Murdock A. Campbell",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | World War I
He joined the 57th Pioneer Infantry Regiment and deployed to France for World War I. Enlisting as a private, he rose to sergeant major before receiving his commission in September, 1918. He served in France from September 1918 to June 1919 and was discharged in July 1919.Post-World War I
Following the war, Campbell resumed studying law. In 1925, he received his LL.B. degree from National University School of Law (now George Washington University Law School). In 1926, he received a Master of Laws (LL.M.) and a Master of Patent Law (M.P.L) from National University.He practiced law in Northfield in partnership with Frank Plumley and Charles Albert Plumley. A Republican, he served as Assistant Secretary of the Vermont State Senate from 1927 to 1931 and Secretary from 1931 to 1933. During his term as Secretary, his assistant was Ernest W. Gibson, Jr., with whom Campbell also served in the Vermont National Guard.From 1933 to 1941, Campbell was Vermont’s Commissioner of the Department of Motor Vehicles.Campbell continued his military service after World War I and rose through the ranks to colonel and commander of the 172nd Infantry Regiment, a unit of the 43rd Infantry Division.Campbell later took a reduction in rank to lieutenant colonel and a position on the division staff, which enabled Leonard F. Wing to receive promotion to colonel and command of the regiment. | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Bidwell Adam",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Biography
Cayton Bidwell Adam was born on January 12, 1894, in Mobile, Alabama. He was the son of Emile J. Adam, who served as a county supervisor and justice of the peace, and his wife, Mattie (Capers) Adam. He grew up in Pass Christian, Mississippi. He then graduated from Millsaps College in 1913. Adam was then elected to the Pass Christian city council. He resigned to fight in World War I, and served in the 152nd Infantry, Company G, in France. In 1920, Adam was elected to the Board of Supervisors of Harrison County, Mississippi. In 1927, at the age of 33, Adam was elected to the office of Lieutenant Governor of Mississippi. He held this office from 1928 to 1932. Starting in 1934, Adam was the chairman of the Harrison County Democratic Executive Committee, and Adam held this office for 36 years. From 1956 to 1968, Adam was also the Chairman of the Mississippi State Democratic Executive Committee. Adam died on the night of December 20, 1982, at his home in Gulfport, Mississippi. | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"A. Arnim White",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | null | null | null | null | 2 |
|
[
"Onslow S. Rolfe",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Start of career
Rolfe was admitted to West Point in 1914; his classmates nicknamed him "Pinkey" because of his red hair and flushed complexion, and the nickname stuck with him for the rest of his career. He graduated in August 1917, ranked 109th of 151 students. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant of Infantry, and was assigned to the 7th Infantry Regiment. He was promoted to first lieutenant on August 30.In October 1917 Rolfe joined his regiment in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. In late October and November, he attended the Infantry School of Arms at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. He then joined his regiment at Camp Greene, North Carolina, and took part in pre-deployment training prior to going overseas. The regiment departed for France in March 1918.World War I
After arriving in France the regiment took part in combat operations as part of the 3rd Division. Rolfe was a participant in the Second Battle of the Marne in July and August 1918, and received the Distinguished Service Cross for heroism while moving and positioning 3rd Division reinforcements during a critical juncture in the battle. He was promoted to captain in September 1918, and took part in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive. Rolfe was wounded as the result of a gas attack in October, for which he received the Purple Heart. He convalesced at a hospital in France until January 1919. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Louis Chapin Covell",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Louis Chapin Covell (June 22, 1875 – August 26, 1952) was a United States army officer and business. He served in the Spanish–American War and World War I, and later worked for several automotive companies, including General Motors.Military career
Covell enlisted in the Michigan National Guard on April 6, 1892. On June 26, 1895, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant. Covell served as a captain in the Spanish–American War, advanced to major in 1900 and was promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1911. Covell became a brigadier general in the National Guard on February 7, 1917, and the National Army on August 5, 1917. He served during WWI in the American Expeditionary Force, commanding the 63rd Infantry Brigade. Covell received the French Croix de Guerre for his service and was discharged on February 17, 1919. | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"James L. Hicks",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Stephen J. Herben",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | null | null | null | null | 3 |
|
[
"Daniel Frank Craig",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Military career
On 18 May 1898 Craig became first lieutenant of the 20th Kansas Infantry, advancing to captain the following year. Not long after being honorably discharged on 12 June 1899, he was recommissioned as captain of the 36th United States Volunteer Infantry, where he served until being honorably mustered out on 16 March 1901. Craig was commissioned second lieutenant of the Artillery Corps on 8 May 1901, promoted to first lieutenant on 28 July 1903 and again promoted to captain, this time of the Fourth Field Artillery Brigade, on 25 Jan 1907. During this time Craig served in the Philippines between 1898 and 1901 and 1904–1907. Craig later served in Mexico at Veracruz (1914) and in the Punitive Expedition against Pancho Villa (1916). After serving in Mexico, Craig became part of the General Staff Corps on 25 Nov 1916, acting as chief of staff of the 12th Infantry Division until becoming the assistant chief of staff of the Southern Department on 24 March 1917. He later become part of the War College Division as General Staff in Washington, D.C., from April to June 1917, during which he was promoted to major on 15 May 1917. In August 1917 he went to France as a colonel in the National Army. During World War I, Craig served as a commanding officer of various artillery brigades, ultimately becoming brigadier general in October 1918. He commanded the 302nd Regimented Field Artillery, 151st Brigade, 76th Division and the 157th Field Artillery Brigade in 1918 and later the 158th, 2nd and 5th Field Artillery Brigades in 1919. For his service during the war, Craig received the U.S. Distinguished Service Medal and a French Silver Plaque. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Edwin Eugene Aldrin Sr.",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | World War I
On 16 November 1917, with the United States at war during World War I, he was commissioned in the United States Army as a second lieutenant in the Coast Artillery Corps. After training at the Coast Artillery School at Fort Monroe, Virginia, he was posted to the 11th Coast Artillery Company at Fort McKinley, Maine, in April 1918, and then to the 72nd Coast Artillery Company at Fort Preble, Maine, in May 1918.In June 1918, Aldrin went to the School of Aeronautical Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), where he was awarded an M.S. degree in aeronautical engineering in 1918, writing his thesis on an "Investigation of behavior of electrically heated wires with varying inclination to wind stream as applied to anemometer development" and the "Relationship of telephone transmitter resistance with diaphragm displacement - particularly to ascertain applicability as indicator for internal combustion engines", under the supervision of Arthur E. Kennelly. | null | null | null | null | 4 |
[
"Edwin Eugene Aldrin Sr.",
"different from",
"Buzz Aldrin"
] | null | null | null | null | 7 |
|
[
"Harold Macy",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | null | null | null | null | 1 |
|
[
"Donald Armstrong",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Military career
On September 10, 1910, Armstrong was commissioned in the Coast Artillery Corps. During World War I, he was stationed in France. He participated during the Champagne and Meuse-Argonne offensives. In 1919, Armstrong was assistant military attaché to the United States Embassy in Paris. In 1927, he graduated from the Army Industrial College.During World War II, Armstrong was promoted to brigadier general. From 1942 to 1944, he commanded the Tank Automotive Center and the Ordnance Replacement Training Center. From 1944 to 1946, Armstrong was commandant of the Army Industrial College. In October 1946, Armstrong retired from the Army. For his role in World War II, Armstrong was award with the Army Distinguished Service Medal and the Legion of Merit. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Joseph A. McNamara",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Military service
McNamara joined the United States Army in May 1918. After his initial training at the University of Vermont he was assigned to Company D, 312th Supply Train, a unit of the 87th Division.McNamara completed his organization and training in the summer of 1918 and sailed for France, arriving on September 11. The 87th Division had not completed its final pre-combat training before the war ended in November, so its members were used as replacements for soldiers in other units who had been killed or wounded, and to construct roads, bases and other facilities. McNamara attained the rank of sergeant, and was discharged from the military in June 1919. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Charles Morris Ankcorn",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Early life and career
Charles M. Ankcorn was born on September 11, 1893 in Palouse, Washington. Prior to military service, Ankcorn attended the University of Idaho and Ohio State University. During World War I, he was assigned to the infantry during 1917. Following the war, he was professor of military science and tactics at State College of Washington from 1924 to 1929. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Byron A. Stover",
"participant of",
"World War I"
] | Businessman
Stover moved to Bend, Oregon in 1914. In Bend, Stover found a job with the Bend Company, which operated a sawmill on the west bank of the Deschutes River. However, he soon secured a position as a bank teller with the First National Bank. He stayed with the bank until the United States entered World War I.When America entered World War I, Stover volunteered for military service. He was accepted into the United States Army officer training program and received his training at the Presidio in San Francisco, California. When he finished his training, Stover was commissioned as a second lieutenant. He served in France with the 17th Field Artillery Regiment. While in Europe, he participated in the Battle of Chateau Thierry, spending six weeks on the front lines. After his combat tour, he was sent to train troops in South Carolina for three months before being sent back to France.After the war, Stover spent several years in Seattle, Washington. While living there, he began his career in marketing and exhibited motion pictures. In 1923, he moved back to Bend and purchased the Capitol Theatre there. A year later, he married Ruth Cushing and she joined him in Bend.Over the years, Stover became one of Bend's most prominent businessmen. After purchasing the Capitol Theatre, he went on to buy the adjacent Liberty Theatre and several other movie theatres in and around Bend. He was well known in the Bend community for treating local children to a free movie every year on his birthday and on Christmas Day as well. He also gave free tickets to local high school athletes. He remained in the theatre business until 1946. After retiring from the theatre business, Stover became a partner in a men’s clothing store in downtown Bend. However, he continued to own and operate a theatre in Gilchrist (a small community south of Bend) until 1964.In addition to his business interests, Stover was always active in civic affairs. In 1931, he was elected president of Bend’s Kiwanis club. Over the years, Stover served as president of the Bend Golf Club, the Bend Stampede, and the Bend Water Pageant. He was also chairman of two Red Cross fund raising campaigns. He was president of Bend Chamber of Commerce for two years and then became president of the Central Oregon Chamber of Commerce. He was a member of the city’s parks advisory board for many years. In addition, he was a member of American Legion and local Elks Lodge. Stover was also a devoted fan and volunteer coach of local sports teams. In 1944, he headed a community war bond drive. To encourage people to buy bonds, he gave free movie tickets to everyone who bought a bond. When the Bend Industrial Fund was created in 1945 to promote economic growth in the Bend area, Stover was elected to the Fund’s board of directors. In recognition of his extensive and significant contributions to the Bend community, Stover was selected as Bend’s Senior Citizen of the Year in 1951. | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Walter Blume (SS officer)",
"different from",
"Walter Blume"
] | null | null | null | null | 0 |
|
[
"Walter Blume (SS officer)",
"participant of",
"The Holocaust"
] | Walter Blume (23 July 1906 – 13 November 1974) was a mid-ranking SS commander and leader of Sonderkommando 7a, part of the extermination commando group Einsatzgruppe B. The unit perpetrated the killings of thousands of Jews in Belarus and Russia. Blume was also responsible for helping organize the deportation of over 46,000 Greek Jews to Auschwitz. Although imprisoned in 1945 and sentenced to death for war crimes in 1948, his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment in 1951 by the "Peck Panel" and he was released in 1955. | null | null | null | null | 8 |
[
"Walter Blume (SS officer)",
"participant of",
"Einsatzgruppen Trial"
] | Walter Blume (23 July 1906 – 13 November 1974) was a mid-ranking SS commander and leader of Sonderkommando 7a, part of the extermination commando group Einsatzgruppe B. The unit perpetrated the killings of thousands of Jews in Belarus and Russia. Blume was also responsible for helping organize the deportation of over 46,000 Greek Jews to Auschwitz. Although imprisoned in 1945 and sentenced to death for war crimes in 1948, his sentence was commuted to life imprisonment in 1951 by the "Peck Panel" and he was released in 1955.Nuremberg conviction
In 1945, Blume was captured in Salzburg by the Americans and brought to Landsberg Prison. He was tried at the Einsatzgruppen Trial for his crimes, including crimes against humanity, war crimes and membership of three criminal organizations, the SS, SD and Gestapo. The indictment specified Blume's direct responsibility for the murder of 996 people between June and August 1941.Concerning his motivation for helping to perpetrate the Holocaust, Blume said that he admired, adored, and worshipped Hitler because Hitler was successful not only in the domestic rehabilitation of Germany, as Blume interpreted it, but successful in defeating Poland, France, Belgium, Belarus, Bulgaria, the Netherlands, Norway, Yugoslavia, Greece, Luxembourg, Lithuania, Russia, and other countries. To Blume these successes were evidence of great virtue in Hitler. Blume believed that Adolf Hitler "had a great mission for the German people."
Dr. Günther Lummert, Blume's lawyer, collected affidavits on Blume's character describing Blume's honesty, good nature, kindness, tolerance, and sense of justness. The Tribunal expressed "regret that a person of such excellent moral qualities should have fallen under the influence of Adolf Hitler."On 10 April 1948, Blume was sentenced to death by hanging, but his sentence was commuted to 25 years in a 1951 amnesty hearing, based on the "Peck Panel" recommendation. Blume was released from prison in 1955 after serving only ten years of his sentence. | null | null | null | null | 12 |
[
"Franz Stangl",
"participant of",
"The Holocaust"
] | Franz Paul Stangl (German: [ˈʃtaŋl̩]; 26 March 1908 – 28 June 1971) was an Austrian-born police officer and commandant of the Nazi extermination camps Sobibor and Treblinka. Stangl, an employee of the T-4 Euthanasia Program and an SS commander in Nazi Germany, became commandant of the camps during the Operation Reinhard phase of the Holocaust. He worked for Volkswagen do Brasil and was arrested in Brazil in 1967, extradited to West Germany and tried for the mass murder of one million people. In 1970, he was found guilty and sentenced to the maximum penalty, life imprisonment. He died of heart failure six months later. | null | null | null | null | 5 |
[
"Franz Stangl",
"significant event",
"arrest"
] | Arrest, trial and death
Although Stangl's role in the mass murder of men, women and children was known to the Austrian authorities, a warrant for his arrest was not issued until 1961. Despite being registered under his real name at the Austrian consulate in São Paulo, it took another six years before he was tracked by Nazi hunter Simon Wiesenthal and arrested by Brazilian federal police on 28 February 1967. He never used an assumed name during his escape, and it is not clear why it took so long to apprehend him. After his extradition to West Germany by Brazilian authorities, he was tried for the deaths of around 1,000,000 people. He admitted to these killings but argued: "My conscience is clear. I was simply doing my duty..."Stangl's attempt to justify his actions as non-criminal in the face of German law was quoted by Arad: | null | null | null | null | 18 |
[
"Franz Stangl",
"significant event",
"escape"
] | Post-war escape, 1945–1961
At the end of the war, Stangl fled without concealing his name. He was detained by the United States Army in 1945 and was briefly imprisoned in Linz, Austria, in 1947, pending investigation. He was suspected of complicity in the T-4 euthanasia programme.On 30 May 1948, he escaped to Italy with his colleague from Sobibor, SS sergeant Gustav Wagner. Austrian Roman Catholic Bishop Alois Hudal, a Nazi sympathizer, forced to resign by the Vatican in 1952, helped Stangl to escape through a "ratline", and he reached Syria using a Red Cross passport.Stangl was joined by his wife and family, and lived in Syria for three years. In 1951, they moved to Brazil. After years in other jobs, he found work with the help of friends, at the Volkswagen do Brasil plant in São Bernardo do Campo, still using his own name. | null | null | null | null | 26 |
[
"Franz Stangl",
"participant of",
"Aktion T4"
] | null | null | null | null | 27 |
|
[
"Bruno Tesch",
"participant of",
"The Holocaust"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Ion Antonescu",
"significant person",
"Adolf Hitler"
] | Ion Antonescu (; Romanian: [i'on antoˈnesku] (listen); 14 June [O.S. 2 June] 1882 – 1 June 1946) was a Romanian military officer and marshal who presided over two successive wartime dictatorships as Prime Minister and Conducător during most of World War II. Having been responsible for facilitating the Holocaust in Romania, he was tried for war crimes and executed in 1946.
A Romanian Army career officer who made his name during the 1907 peasants' revolt and the World War I Romanian Campaign, the antisemitic Antonescu sympathized with the far-right and fascist National Christian and Iron Guard groups for much of the interwar period. He was a military attaché to France and later Chief of the General Staff, briefly serving as Defense Minister in the National Christian cabinet of Octavian Goga as well as the subsequent First Cristea cabinet, in which he also served as Air and Marine Minister. During the late 1930s, his political stance brought him into conflict with King Carol II and led to his detainment. Antonescu nevertheless rose to political prominence during the political crisis of 1940, and established the National Legionary State, an uneasy partnership with the Iron Guard's leader Horia Sima. After entering Romania into an alliance with Nazi Germany and ensuring Adolf Hitler's confidence, he eliminated the Guard during the Legionary Rebellion of 1941. In addition to being Prime Minister, he served as his own Foreign Minister and Defense Minister. Soon after Romania joined the Axis in Operation Barbarossa, recovering Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, Antonescu also became Marshal of Romania.
An atypical figure among Holocaust perpetrators, Antonescu enforced policies independently responsible for the deaths of as many as 400,000 people, most of them Bessarabian, Ukrainian and Romanian Jews, as well as Romanian Romani. The regime's complicity in the Holocaust combined pogroms and mass murders such as the Odessa massacre with ethnic cleansing, and systematic deportations to occupied Transnistria. The system in place was nevertheless characterized by singular inconsistencies, prioritizing plunder over killing, showing leniency toward most Jews in the Old Kingdom, and ultimately refusing to adopt the Final Solution as applied throughout Nazi-occupied Europe. This was made possible by the fact that Romania, as a junior ally of Nazi Germany, was able to avoid being occupied by the Wehrmacht and preserve a degree of political autonomy.
Aerial attacks on Romania by the Allies occurred in 1944 and Romanian troops suffered heavy casualties on the Eastern Front, prompting Antonescu to open peace negotiations with the Allies, ending with inconclusive results. On 23 August 1944, the king Michael I led a coup d'état against Antonescu, who was arrested; after the war he was convicted of war crimes, and executed in June 1946. His involvement in the Holocaust was officially reasserted and condemned following the 2003 Wiesel Commission report. | null | null | null | null | 1 |
[
"Ion Antonescu",
"significant event",
"The Holocaust"
] | null | null | null | null | 8 |
|
[
"Ion Antonescu",
"participant of",
"The Holocaust"
] | Wiesel Commission and aftermath
In 2003, after a period in which his own equivocal stance on the matter had drawn controversy, Constantinescu's successor Ion Iliescu established the Wiesel Commission, an international group of expert historians whose mission was the study of the Holocaust in Romania, later succeeded by the Elie Wiesel National Institute. The Final Report compiled by the Commission brought the official recognition of Ion Antonescu's participation in the Holocaust. After that moment, public displays of support for Antonescu became illegal. Antonescu's SMERSH interrogations were recovered from the Russian archives and published in 2006. Despite the renewed condemnation and exposure, Antonescu remained a popular figure: as a result of the 2006 Mari Români series of polls conducted by the national station TVR 1, viewers nominated Antonescu as the 6th greatest Romanian ever. The vote's knockout phase included televised profiles of the ten most popular figures, and saw historian Adrian Cioroianu using the portion dedicated to Antonescu to expose and condemn him, giving voters reasons not to see the dictator as a great Romanian. The approach resulted in notable controversy after Ziua newspaper criticized Cioroianu, who defended himself by stating he had an obligation to tell the truth.The same year, on 5 December, the Bucharest Court of Appeals overturned Antonescu's conviction for certain crimes against peace, on the grounds that the objective conditions of 1940 justified a preventive war against the Soviet Union, which would make Article 3 of the 1933 Convention for the Definition of Aggression inapplicable in his case (as well as in those of Alexianu, Constantin Pantazi, Constantin Vasiliu, Sima and various Iron Guard politicians). This act raised official protests in Moldova, the independent state formed in Bessarabia upon the breakup of the Soviet Union, and in Russia, the Soviet successor state, as well as criticism by historians of the Holocaust. The Court of Appeals decision was overturned by the Romanian Supreme Court in May 2008. The same year, Maria Antonescu's collateral inheritors advanced a claim on a Predeal villa belonging to the couple, but a Brașov tribunal rejected their request, citing laws which confiscated the property of war criminals. | null | null | null | null | 9 |
[
"Ion Antonescu",
"topic's main category",
"Category:Ion Antonescu"
] | null | null | null | null | 40 |
|
[
"Ion Antonescu",
"significant event",
"November 20, 1940, Romania formally joined the Axis alliance (Germany, Italy, and Japan)"
] | null | null | null | null | 42 |
|
[
"Jean Leguay",
"participant of",
"The Holocaust"
] | Jean Leguay (29 November 1909 – 2 July 1989) was the second-in-command of the French National Police during the Nazi Occupation of France. He was complicit in the 1942 roundup of Jews in Paris and their deportation from France to Nazi extermination camps, which resulted in the murders of thousands of people, both adults and children.World War II
During Vichy France, Leguay was second-in-command to René Bousquet, the general secretary of the National Police in Paris. Leguay participated in organising the Vel' d'Hiv Roundup (Rafle du Vel' d'Hiv), the mass arrest of more than 13,000 Jews on 16 and 17 July 1942 in Paris. They were deported to extermination camps in Eastern Europe, where most were killed. | null | null | null | null | 9 |
[
"Jean Leguay",
"participant of",
"WWII Axis collaboration in France"
] | Jean Leguay (29 November 1909 – 2 July 1989) was the second-in-command of the French National Police during the Nazi Occupation of France. He was complicit in the 1942 roundup of Jews in Paris and their deportation from France to Nazi extermination camps, which resulted in the murders of thousands of people, both adults and children.World War II
During Vichy France, Leguay was second-in-command to René Bousquet, the general secretary of the National Police in Paris. Leguay participated in organising the Vel' d'Hiv Roundup (Rafle du Vel' d'Hiv), the mass arrest of more than 13,000 Jews on 16 and 17 July 1942 in Paris. They were deported to extermination camps in Eastern Europe, where most were killed.Postwar
After the war, Leguay became president of Warner-Lambert, Inc. of London, which is now merged with Pfizer. Later, he became president of Substantia Laboratories in Paris.In 1979, Leguay was charged with crimes against humanity for his role in the organisation of the Vel' d'Hiv Roundup, the mass arrest of more than 13,000 Jews on 16 and 17 July 1942 in Paris. | null | null | null | null | 21 |
[
"Jean Leguay",
"participant of",
"Vel' d'Hiv Roundup"
] | Jean Leguay (29 November 1909 – 2 July 1989) was the second-in-command of the French National Police during the Nazi Occupation of France. He was complicit in the 1942 roundup of Jews in Paris and their deportation from France to Nazi extermination camps, which resulted in the murders of thousands of people, both adults and children.World War II
During Vichy France, Leguay was second-in-command to René Bousquet, the general secretary of the National Police in Paris. Leguay participated in organising the Vel' d'Hiv Roundup (Rafle du Vel' d'Hiv), the mass arrest of more than 13,000 Jews on 16 and 17 July 1942 in Paris. They were deported to extermination camps in Eastern Europe, where most were killed.Postwar
After the war, Leguay became president of Warner-Lambert, Inc. of London, which is now merged with Pfizer. Later, he became president of Substantia Laboratories in Paris.In 1979, Leguay was charged with crimes against humanity for his role in the organisation of the Vel' d'Hiv Roundup, the mass arrest of more than 13,000 Jews on 16 and 17 July 1942 in Paris. | null | null | null | null | 31 |
[
"Dries Riphagen",
"participant of",
"The Holocaust"
] | Bernardus Andreas "Dries" Riphagen (7 September 1909 – 13 May 1973) was a Dutch gangster and Nazi collaborator who is best known in the Netherlands for collaborating with the Nazi Sicherheitsdienst (SD) to locate as many Dutch Jews as possible and have them delivered to Nazi concentration camps during the occupation.
Riphagen would gain the trust of Jews by promising to safeguard their belongings, primarily jewellery, until the conclusion of the war, only to defraud them of their belongings and notify the SD of their location. After the end of war in Europe, he faked his death and went into hiding. He deposited the stolen Jewish belongings and money in an undetermined bank in neutral Switzerland and fled to Argentina, as had many Nazi officers.
He secretly returned to Europe at some point between 1950 and 1970, to withdraw the ill-gotten jewellery. Dutch authorities issued an arrest warrant and bounty on Riphagen in 1988 but it later transpired that he had died at a Swiss private clinic in Montreux in 1973. | null | null | null | null | 2 |
[
"Dries Riphagen",
"significant person",
"Juan Perón"
] | After the war
After the war Dries Riphagen was wanted by the police for the betrayal of Jews as well as treason and the public prosecutor considered him responsible for the death of at least 200 people. Riphagen contacted the former resistance fighter and head of police in Enschede, Willem Evert Sanders, who wanted to do a deal with him. Riphagen was not handed over to the authorities but was placed under house-arrest as a "private" prisoner in exchange of information on collaborators and German-friendly networks. In February 1946 he escaped; according to rumours, he was helped across the border by his underworld friends in a casket inside a hearse but according to more recent findings, the escape was organized by two staff members of the Dutch secret service Bureau voor Nationale Veiligheid, Frits and Piet Kerkhoven. From Belgium he spent three months travelling to Spain by bicycle, according to his son Rob.In May 1946, Riphagen was held in Huesca, Spain, because he lacked the necessary personal papers. He was imprisoned but on the intervention of a Jesuit priest he was released on bail, under the order to get his papers rectified. He obtained a Nansen passport and Frits Kerkhoven provided him with clothes and shoes in which diamonds that he had deposited with Kerkhoven were hidden. When he was about to be extradited to the Netherlands — he was now living in Madrid — he flew to Argentina on 21 March 1948 with a friend. His contact address there was also that of a Jesuit priest but nothing is known of any connection with the ratlines. The Dutch Ambassador in Buenos Aires, Floris Carcilius Anne Baron van Pallandt, made a request for extradition, based on lesser offences such as vehicle theft and robbery and which, according to the Argentine judiciary, were already time-barred and for which the submitted evidence was inadequate.That Riphagen was not handed over to the Netherlands was most likely due to his good connections. He was friends with a member of the Supreme Court of Argentina, Rodolfo Valenzuela, who also served as secretary to President Juan Perón. He became acquainted with the Presidential couple and remained in contact with Perón until his death. He settled in Belgrano, a district of Buenos Aires, where he ran a photography press office and worked for Perón's secret service as an instructor in anti-communist tactics, imparting whatever knowledge he acquired working for Germany during the war. He also organized boxing competitions at the Luna Park for Jan Olij, his old friend from Amsterdam.After the Revolucion Libertadora, where Perón was overthrown, Riphagen returned to Europe and travelled around, mainly in Spain, Germany and Switzerland. He preferred to surround himself with wealthy women, who also maintained him. His last known address was in Madrid. In 1973, Dries Riphagen, the "worst war criminal in Amsterdam", died of cancer in Montreux. | null | null | null | null | 7 |
[
"Jonas Noreika",
"participant of",
"The Holocaust"
] | null | null | null | null | 4 |
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