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What is IIE’s Higher Education Readiness (HER) program? The Institute of International Education’s Higher Education Readiness program (HER) provides young women in secondary school from underserved communities with a pathway to university. A new three-year pilot project in Ethiopia, HER will provide 100 girls entering the 11th grade with scholarship support combined with innovative leadership and life skills training to help them complete their secondary education and equip them with the tools needed to continue on to university. Why are pathways to university in Ethiopia needed? - 32.4% of girls in Ethiopia enroll in 9th grade (i.e. first cycle). - Only 3.5% of these girls continue to 11th grade (i.e. second cycle) which is the pathway to advance to university. - An even smaller percentage of those girls that graduate from secondary school go on to university. This has a profound impact for workforce development and for the economic advancement of the society as a whole. How will HER make an impact? Experts agree that educating girls and women is critical to economic development. According to a World Bank report on Girls Education in the 21st Century (2.1 MB, PDF), educating girls is one of the most cost-effective ways of spurring development, and it correlates positively with increased economic productivity, more robust labor markets, higher earnings, and improved family and societal health and well-being, a major component of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Education for All (EFA) goals. What is IIE’s commitment? The Institute of International Education is committed to expanding access to higher education globally. Learn more about the program goals
This Ancient Creature Was Discovered In Japan… And It’s Even Older Than the Dinosaurs! You probably already know that crocodiles, sharks and horsehoe crabs have been around since prehistoric times, during the time when dinosaurs still roam the Earth. But what has recently been discovered off the coast of Japan is a "living fossil" of the prehistoric era. The rarely-seen frilled shark, which looks like half-shark and half-eel, is believed to have existed over 80 millions years ago, making them older than the dinosaurs. This “living fossil” changed very little in that time and is truly a remnant of a time long long gone. Watch the incredible footage below. It is important to note that the frilled shark wasn't killed by people. It was barely surviving, and in the shallow waters where it was found it's chances of survival would've been very small. They were attempting to save it. Credit: Rob Dan
Botanical Name : Viola canadensis Family: Violaceae – Violet family Genus : Viola L. – violet Species :Viola canadensis L. – Canadian white violet Kingdom : Plantae – Plants Subkingdom: Tracheobionta – Vascular plants Superdivision: Spermatophyta – Seed plants Division : Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants Class : Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons Order : Violales Synonyms:Viola canadensis Linnaeus var. rugulosa (Greene) C.L. Hitchcock ,Viola canadensis Linnaeus var. canadensis sensu NM authors,Viola canadensis Linnaeus var. neomexicana (Greene) House,Viola rydbergii Greene Common Name : Canada Violet,Canadian white violet, Canada Violet, tall white violet, or white violet. Habitat : It is native to Canada and the eastern United States.Viola canadensis is our most common white violet in the Gila National Forest. It is found along moist streambanks under trees, occasionally in large numbers.It is threatened or endangered in some areas, and abundant in others. There are four varieties. General: perennial with short, thick rootstocks and often with slender stolons. Stems 10-40 cm tall, hairless to Leaves: basal and alternate, the stalks as much as 30 cm long. Leaf blades heart-shaped, abruptly pointed, about 4-8 cm long, from (usually) short-hairy on one or both surfaces to hairless. Stipules lanceolate, 1-2 cm long, entire, hairless to hairy on the edges only. The apex of the leaf is acute. Flowers: one to few from the upper portion of the stem, the stalks shorter than the leaves. The 5 sepals lanceolate, often short-hairy and with hairy edges, the spur short. The 5 petals about 1.5 cm long, white to pinkish, yellow-based, the 3 lower ones purplish-lined, the side bearded, all (but especially the upper pair) more or less purplish-tinged on the outside and sometimes less conspicuously so on the inside. Style head sparsely long-bearded.The throat of the flower is marked with yellow with faint purple guidelines. Flowering time: May-July. Fruits: capsules, 4-5 mm long, granular on the surface to short-hairy, with 3 valves, splitting open explosively and shooting out seeds, the seeds brownish. A tea made from the roots has been used in the treatment of pain in the bladder region. The roots and leaves have traditionally been used to induce vomiting, they have also been poulticed and applied to skin abrasions and boils. The information presented herein is intended for educational purposes only. Individual results may vary, and before using any supplements, it is always advisable to consult with your own health care provider. - Phyllanthus liebmannianus (findmeacure.com) - Blanket Flower (findmeacure.com) - Eryngium aquaticum (findmeacure.com) - Bunchberry (findmeacure.com) - Heleniuim autumnale (findmeacure.com) - Native Plant Sale (perennialgardener.wordpress.com) - Jennifer Garner and Violet Greet the Holiday Weekend With Lemonade (popsugar.com) - $3.00 Birds Eye Viola Coupon (forthemommas.com)
“Laughter is brightest in the place where the food is.” The famous Irish proverb says much what this article purports to say. Food is an inevitable part of our lives. A happy body and happy soul cannot sustain without healthy dining. Whatever you eat leaves its footprints deep in your body. It depends on you, whether you want to savor the good or taste bad. Owing to your greedy taste buds, you might find yourself in the trap of junk foods. These foods hamper your oral health immensely. If you are someone who always gives up your arms seeing a sumptuous platter, then it’s high time you pay heed to what you are eating and how it is affecting your oral health. Sit and relax!! This article is here at your rescue to make you realize what to eat and what not, to keep your smile intact forever!!! - Link between Diet and Tooth Decay - Tooth Decay Factors - How snacks hamper your oral health? - NO-NO Foods for Your Healthy Teeth - Beneficial Foods for the Good Health of your Teeth A Direct Link between Diet and Tooth Decay Your teeth and gums are not only the tools of eating but are also reflectors of your personality. White teeth, odorless mouth, healthy gums are all signs of good oral hygiene. Good oral health gives you the confidence of carrying a beautiful smile on your face always. Your teeth and gums require certain nutrients to remain in good condition. Foods that boast of a high content of calcium, vitamins A and D, phosphorus, along with fiber turn out to be your friends for good dental health. However, certain foods can be very harmful to your teeth. Foods with an acidic pH damages the enamel of the teeth by disintegrating the mineral density of the teeth and hence causes a decay. Whereas pigmented foods are harmful too for your teeth as while biting and chewing on these foods the vicious pigments present in the foods cause the enamel to decolorize and degrades its health to a greater extent. Alarming Factors that Affect Tooth Decay There are several factors which directly affect the incidence of tooth decay in your body. These factors include: - Not only the type of food you eat but also the structure and state of whatever you eat affects your dental health. The foods you ingest can be-liquid, solid, sticky, or slow to dissolve. Different forms of food affect your teeth differently. - The nutritional constituents of the food - The combination of the foods you eat and the manner in which you eat them - How often you satisfy your hunger pangs for sweets and beverages and also foods and drinks involving acid content - Eating disorders and medical conditions such as gastrointestinal reflux How snacks hamper your oral health? Dentists usually advise people to keep a check on eating and drinking in between your meals as mostly these snacks comprise of the harmful sweets and chips. These snacks aggravate the bacteria build-up and harm the gums eventually. The preservatives and emulsifiers present in these snacks make the enamel thin and susceptive to damage. Have you ever wondered what plaque is? Dental plaque refers to the sticky, pale yellow deposit of biofilm on your teeth which eventually hardens by mineral deposits from the saliva and form tartar. Researchers say that nearly 68% of adults have tartar which is a breeding ground for harmful bacteria. The Absolute NO-NO Foods for Your Healthy Teeth - Citrus Fruits - Starchy Carbs - Caffeinated Beverages - Dried Fruits - Sports Drinks - Fruit Juice Who in this world doesn’t love to relish the taste of tasty, sugary confections? But this bundle of happiness is loaded with pure sugar which is harmful to your teeth and gums. Those delicious, sticky candies like gummy bears are very bad for your oral health. These candies get stick onto your teeth and foster bacterial growth. Lollipops are also a boon for the harmful bacteria in your mouth. You spend hours licking your favorite lollipop and the bacteria in your mouth merrily destroy your teeth during the same time. 2. Citrus Fruits Admit it!! We all have a special place in our tummy and heart for all that tanginess that citrus fruits bestow upon us. A wide variety of citrus fruits are available in the market to satisfy your cravings including oranges, lemons, limes, and tangerines. But alas!! All good things have bad sides too!!! These juicy fruits contain high acid content. Acid causes erosion of tooth enamel and also leads to tooth decay and gum diseases. 3. Starchy Carbs A steamy bowl of hot cheesy white sauce pasta is enough to drive you crazy. But do you know that the same pasta hampers your tooth immensely? White bread, pasta, and other starchy carbs pose detrimental effects on your oral health. Starchy carbs start converting to sugar quickly, and as you know sugar and oral health don’t go hand in hand, they harm your teeth. They sweep into the tiny nooks and crannies of your teeth quickly. This property of the starchy foods allows more and more of bacteria to flourish in your mouth. If you go for a movie without a bucket of popcorn, then is your movie date even complete? Munching on popcorn in between the film is a must. This delicious light snack comes with some drawbacks as well. The popcorn husks get stuck in the spaces between your teeth. This situation leads to a gum abscess which indicates a throbbing infection inside your mouth. If left untreated for a long time, the gum abscess can lead to a tooth loss as well. 5. Caffeinated beverages A hot, sweet, and tasty cup of coffee is all to make you happy. However, the same cup of coffee affects the flow of saliva in your mouth in a negative way. These drinks lead to dryness in your mouth which in turn makes your mouth a happy playground for the harmful bacteria. A dry mouth is more vulnerable to the attack of germs and bacteria than a mouth with adequate saliva. Your favorite sandwich topping can also be an enemy to your oral health. Yes, we are talking about the sour-flavored pickles. Pickles require vinegar for preservative purposes as well as to give them the sourness the pickles are famous for but increases its acidity. 7. Dried fruits Dry fruits are rich sources of vitamins and antioxidants which are suitable for your overall health. These dry fruits are also rich in sugar content which is an enemy of your teeth enamel. Dry fruits are rich sources of vitamins and antioxidants which are suitable for your overall health. These dry fruits are also rich in sugar content which is amongst the best companions of the harmful bacteria of your mouth. 8. Sports Drinks Sports drinks might help you get your body in shape, but these drinks are not free from limitations. As per a study conducted in 2009, sports drinks weaken your tooth enamel as they are high in acid and sugar content. These drinks are a combination of both the main constituents of tooth decay-sugar and acid. 9. Fruit Juice Although fruit juices boast of several health benefits, the drinks are indeed not a good choice for oral health. These liquids have a high concentration of sugar in them. The harmful bacteria in your mouth act upon the sugars and produce acid. Some high-acidic fluids include- tomato juice, cranberry juice, and juice from citrus fruits. The saliva in your mouth not only keeps your mouth hydrated but it also boasts of specific proteins and minerals that protect your enamel. Alcohol helps in the drying of mouth by inhibiting the flow of saliva. A dry mouth makes you more susceptible to the attack of infection-causing germs and preventing tooth decay. Beneficial Foods for the Good Health of your Teeth You now know what foods hamper your teeth. Let’s move on to some foods that work tremendously well in keeping your oral health good. This magical green-colored food forces you to chew more. An excess of chewing produces more saliva in your mouth hat also aids in better digestion. Celery also works well in keeping your tissues healthy and prevents the outburst of cavities in your mouth. 2. Coconut oil Apart from being a culinary ingredient, coconut oil is an excellent solution to maintain your oral health. You can indulge in coconut oil-pulling for ten to twenty minutes. Swish a tablespoon of coconut oil in your mouth and rinse after some time. It removes toxins from your mouth and helps to prevent tooth decay. 3. Dairy products Dairy products come with a lot of calcium. So, to keep your teeth and gums healthy it is good to indulge in dairy love. Cheese, yogurt, milk, butter, etc. are some of the products which you can ingest on a daily basis. These products help to prevent decaying of the tooth and in turn keep your oral health fine. Strawberries are a powerhouse of malic acid. This acid acts as a natural teeth whitener. It helps to whiten the teeth enamel and clears the tartar build-up. To make this teeth whitener at home, crush some strawberries and add a little baking soda into it. Mix it properly and apply on your teeth and rinse it after keeping for 3-4 minutes. Rinse your mouth with cold water and floss out the seeds if struck. 5. Green and black tea Green tea and black tea are rich in polyphenols that help to curb the bacteria build-up in the teeth. It also fights against the toxins produced by this bacteria in the teeth. Both the teas are rich in fluoride that keeps up the good health of teeth. Nuts are a good source of phosphorus and calcium. These elements directly work on building barriers against the tooth decay that the harmful bacteria cause to the teeth. The best nuts for enhancing the health of your teeth are brazil nuts, almonds, and cashews. Kefir is a drink made up of fermented milk. It is rich in vitamin A, D, K2 and has a rich fatty acid profile that works the best to enhance the health of your gums and teeth. Its rich content of lactic acid bacteria and yeast are incredibly beneficial for the excellent health of the gut that in turn controls the bleeding problems of the abdomen. It might be hard to believe that this strong flavouring food will help protect your teeth! Yes, it is true. Garlic contains allicin that is rich in potent anti-microbial properties. They fight against the symptoms of tooth decay and is the best to fight periodontal disease. 9. Kale and spinach These leafy greens are rich in folic acid, calcium and potent vitamins that can be the best friends of your teeth. They help protect the enamel and aids to fight against the bacterial decay. Milk is one of the most favorite drink not just for your body but for your teeth too. Its rich content of calcium helps to lower the acid level in the mouth which helps to avert tooth decay. Food is part and parcel of your life. For a healthy living, it is good that your body functions properly. But it is also equally important to maintain the health of your mouth. By paying proper attention to your oral health, you can readily be the owner of a beautiful smile. Apart from brushing and flossing your teeth twice a day, it is also essential to keep a check on what you are eating. After reading this article, you are now well aware of what to eat and what to avoid. However, you don’t have to cut out the foods from your diet completely. You can take them, but be cautious to rinse and brush your teeth after consuming them. If you follow all the oral health procedures, then your teeth and gums will be happy forever.
What are your boundaries? What are boundaries? I define boundaries as the limitations that I set in my personal and romantic relationships that allow me to simultaneously love both myself and the other person. Boundaries are a vital aspect of any relationship, whether it be romantic, platonic, or familial. They help establish what is acceptable behavior in the relationship and what isn’t, providing a clear understanding of what each partner expects from one another. Understanding and respecting each other’s boundaries is essential in maintaining a healthy and happy relationship. They keep the relationship alive. Take a moment to think about what you value in relationships. How do you ensure that those values are respected and honored? After all, it is each individual’s responsibility to ask for what they want and need while respecting each other’s boundaries. Here are some common boundaries in relationships and ways to handle them: - Personal space: Many people value their personal space and time alone. It’s important for each partner to respect the other’s need for alone time. If one partner consistently invades the other’s personal space, it can lead to feelings of frustration and resentment. To avoid this, have an open and honest conversation about personal space and agree on what boundaries to set. - Time management: When partners have different schedules, it can be difficult to coordinate time together. One partner may feel like they’re not receiving enough attention, while the other feels like they’re constantly being bombarded with demands. To avoid this, agree on a schedule that works for both partners and talk regularly about changes that come up. That way, both of you can stay connected and avoid feeling blindsided or out of the loop. - Communication styles: Communication is huge in any relationship, but everyone communicates differently. Some partners may be more direct, while others may be more passive. If one partner consistently communicates in a way that the other finds hurtful or uncomfortable, it’s important to have a conversation about communication styles and work towards a solution that works for both partners. Perhaps each of you might become literate in speaking how the other person listens. - Trust: Trust is arguably one of the most critical aspects of any relationship. When trust is broken, it can be incredibly difficult to rebuild. To avoid trust issues, be open and honest with your partner about your thoughts, feelings, and actions. Work together to rebuild trust if it’s been broken, and take steps to prevent it from happening again. To create a sustainably healthy relationship, it’s so important to work together with your partner to establish clear boundaries and respect each other’s needs. When both partners are on the same page and understand each other’s boundaries, they can maintain a strong, loving relationship. Remember, to talk about what is important to you in relationships. Ask for your needs and wants. Understand each other’s limitations. Perhaps even work toward expanding your capacity to relate and have compassion for your partner’s limitations. If you don’t know already, perhaps you can ask them if there is a story or life experience behind their boundary. Understanding where their boundaries come from can help you empathize with them. If you’re feeling frustrated or upset, have an open and honest conversation with your partner. Together, you can work towards finding a solution that works for both of you.
The engine in your car is designed to run with the right set of fluids, but have you thought about what you're feeding your “engine”? You’re filled with 90 pints of liquid from 22 different fluids. Body fluids provide critical protection, nutrition, cleansing and lubrication, but half of all adults have an imbalance. Learn how to replenish your fluids, prevent retention, and eliminate excess. Dr. Sebi’s Booster Package systematically restores fluid balance in your body. Synergized adaptogenic herbs accelerate cellular rejuvenation and provide the minerals and phytonutrients needed for optimized alkaline health. Fluids of the Body Your body is 60% water and produces many fluids. Minerals, nutrients, and biological substances are combined with water for lots of different functions: - Aqueous humor (fills eyes, creates round shape, protects lens). - Bile (digests fats, detoxes, made in the liver, stored in the gallbladder). - Blood plasma (clear liquid part of blood, 55% of total body fluids). - Cerebrospinal fluid (cushions brain and spine, removes waste). - Chyle (mixture of lymph and digested fats, transports nutrients). - Exudates (discharge from wounds and inflamed tissues, aids healing). - Gastric juice (digestive fluid made in the stomach, dissolves food). - Liquor Puris (pus drains white blood cells and bacteria from infections). - Lymph (carries white blood cells, nourishes cells, removes waste). - Mucus (protective, produced in response to acid, removes toxins) - Pericardial fluid (heart lubricant, prevents chambers sticking together). - Peritoneal fluid (abdominal lubricant, prevents organs from sticking together). - Pleural fluid (lung lubricant, prevents lungs and chest cavity sticking). - Saliva (lubricant for tongue, mouth, and teeth, initiates digestive process). - Serous fluid (fills between organs and their outer protective membranes). - Seminal fluid (protects and nourishes sperm, made in the prostate gland). - Sputum (thick mucus made in the lungs, coughed up to remove debris). - Synovial fluid (thick liquid inside joint cavities, solid under pressure). - Sweat (salty liquid, cools the body, expels toxins, we make 2 pints a day). - Tears (eye lubricant, removes irritants, secretes emotional metabolites). - Urine (removes metabolic waste from the blood, kidneys make 3 pints per day). - Vaginal fluid (cleanses and lubricates, comes from both cervix and vagina). Two more special fluids are produced by women to protect and nourish infants: - Amniotic fluid (supports fetus to grow, and move, in utero) - Breast milk (food for infants, transfers immune protection) Fluids & Leaks You have an internal system that keeps these fluids balanced. Pumps (e.g. heart, sacrum, and detrusor muscle) push fluids down pipes (e.g. blood vessels, veins, and urethra) controlling flow with valves (e.g. hormones, minerals, and immune signals). The ‘pipes’ are at risk of ‘corrosion’ as toxins damage the ‘glue’ sticking cells together. Leaky junctions let fluids seep between cells. Inflamed organs, malnutrition, and hormone disruption also disturb the balance. Swelling (edema) occurs when fluid gets trapped. Try Dr. Sebi’s Booster Package to enhance detoxification, remove accumulated waste, and flush out the stagnant fluids your body has been retaining for so long. The Booster Package enhances your natural cleansing and regenerative processes to expel the accumulated waste dragging you down. Lift your mood, lighten your spirits, drop a few pounds and release a few pints with Dr. Sebi’s Booster Package. Mild symptoms of imbalance include swelling, discomfort, and weight gain. Edema can occur anywhere, and the severity of symptoms depends on the fluid: - Blood Vessels: inflammation elevates blood pressure, plasma leaks into tissues. - Extremities: pooled plasma causes puffy hands, feet, arms or legs, the skin stretches. - Heart: Weak hearts allow blood plasma to leak into the lungs, abdomen swells. - Joints: Acid and inflammation cause pain and prevent synovial fluids from flowing. - Kidney: Inflammation of tubules (nephrons) elevates sodium, fluid accumulates. - Liver: Scarring (called cirrhosis) causes fluid to accumulate in the abdomen and legs. - Lungs: Fluids cause difficulty breathing and pain (pulmonary edema is deadly). - Lymph: Requires movement to pump waste and nutrients, lymph can stagnate. - Veins: Structural damage reduces blood flow and causes plasma pooling in legs. Causes & Complications Fluid regulation has natural variations: - Pregnancy: The body retains water and sodium so there is enough for the baby. - Menstruation: Estrogen induces retention, causing breast tenderness. - Temperature: When it’s hot we sweat more to keep the body cool. It’s also disrupted by lifestyle choices: - Dehydration: Urine output, and blood pressure, reduce when you don’t drink. - Diet: Non-natural foods, high in sodium and toxins, impair fluid regulation. - Disruption: Endocrine toxins, from plastics, mimic estrogen causing retention. - Inflammation: Damaged cells exude fluids and mucus to help themselves heal. - Inactivity: Sedentary lifestyles create stagnation, muscle movement pumps fluids. - Malnutrition: Lack of nutrients causes structures to deteriorate, like rusty pipes. - Medication: Often drugs disrupt the fluid balance, addressing symptoms, not the system. Although early symptoms are mild, if left untreated complications can develop. Prolonged edema results in increasingly painful swelling, difficulty walking, stiffness, stretched itchy skin, circulatory issues, and ulcers. “Changes cannot be accomplished and will not be forthcoming if the diet has not changed.” – Dr. Sebi There are effective ways to help your body manage its fluids, prevent edema, and drain excess: - Hydration: 1 gallon of pure spring water provides naturally ionized water. - Movement: 15 minutes of gentle daily exercise daily, regular stretching breaks. - Elevation: Raise affected areas above the heart (e.g. feet in the air) to drain fluids. - Nutrition: Avocado, banana, garbanzo, walnuts (magnesium and potassium). - Diuretics: Dandelion greens encourage urine production, expelling fluids. - Herbs: Cleansing and purifying herbs reduce inflammation and edema. Dr. Sebi’s Booster Package maximizes your body’s nutritional status while enhancing targeted detoxification. Support the kidneys, bowels, and liver to flow with fluids, keeping you balanced and nourished on the inside. Feed your cells and reverse the damage caused by malnutrition and unnatural foods with Dr. Sebi’s truly transformational Booster Package. If you make sure to keep the proper maintenance on your car up to date, why not give that extra care to your “engine”? Your body is perfectly designed to keep a healthy balance of all your organs and fluids. Make sure to feed it the right fuel and liquids to keep things running smoothly for years to come.
Click here for a print-friendly version A Generous Gift Winter Quarter: Sacred Gifts and Holy Gatherings Unit 1: What We Bring to God Sunday school lesson for the week of December 27, 2015 By Helen & Rev. Sam Rogers Lesson scripture: Matthew 23:1-12; Mark 12:38-44 This last Sunday of the year and the last Sunday in this unit is a good time to take stock and understand where we are and what we have been doing. Remember the title of the quarter’s study, “Sacred Gifts and Holy Gatherings,” which carries us back to both the Old Testament and to Jesus, with glimpses of special moments in Jewish life and His life. The unit has focused on “What We Bring to God.” Fittingly, today we examine giving – both in form and motivation. We examine the key verse in Matthew 23:12 to begin our examination of today’s scripture. “All who exalt themselves will be humbled, and all who humble themselves will be exalted.” This paradoxical statement of Jesus sets the stage for two events in Jesus’ last week before the crucifixion. He has arrived in Jerusalem, where the plot to kill him is far advanced. He spends much of his time in the precincts of the Temple, where confrontation and conflict rule the day. With Pharisees, Sadducees, and Temple officials, he has had discussions on many points of Jewish life and practice. Usually, as he literally did with the tables of the money-changers, he has turned over pet beliefs and sacred practices. The stage is set for his teachings about the scribes (legal experts) and Pharisees who do not practice what they teach. We are far removed from His references to their dress, where fringes and phylacteries are mentioned, but the message is loud and clear about attitude and ego! Jesus urges the people to keep the Law, for, in doing so, the faithful are reflecting the nature of God. There are limits, and he chastises the religious professionals for adding minutiae to their faithful practice. In addition, and more to the point, the leaders “do not practice what they preach!” The leaders are wrapped up in titles, privileges, and status and forget the people they are to lead by word and deed. As these lessons are being written, Pope Francis is visiting the United States. He has spoken to national leaders in Washington at the Congress and to international leaders at the United Nations. In clear words, backed up by his own personal example, he has enunciated what these leaders need to be and to do for the people! His attitude is clearly one that exemplifies the key verse. He sits in the seat of Peter, but his actions are those of a humble human being, aware of the needs of the masses of refugees and the poor of the world. For example, after the address to Congress, he declined a formal meal with the national leaders and went to a soup kitchen in a poor neighborhood in D.C. He practices what he preaches! The phylacteries were small leather boxes attached to the left wrist and to the forehead containing four reminders of the Law. (Exodus 13:16 and Deuteronomy 6:8) The passages were (and are!) Exodus 13:1-10: 13:11-16; Deuteronomy 6:4-9; Deuteronomy 11:13-21. Usually, these are very small, but not so for these guys! Their goal was “to be seen by others.” The fringes were originally added to outer garments as a reminder the wearer was a faithful observant Jew. (See Numbers 15:38-39) The two worn together, phylactery and fringe, proclaimed quietly who the wearer was! Not so the Pharisees! Jesus condemns this ostentation of dress, behavior, and life-style the leaders show to the people, while demanding strict observance of rules that were burdensome and expensive by people who already were struggling just to live. Hypocrisy is a constant threat to the faithful, God-centered life. We easily slip into doing “good deeds” to be seen. Look at the plaques listing givers on walls! Look at the different levels of giving! Look at the list of donors in magazines from colleges, schools, charitable organizations, etc. Are our actions and donations designed to be seen and given recognition? One of the hot topics about revision of the U.S. tax code is to remove many deductions, including those listed as charitable. Would we still give if we didn’t get the deduction? The second scripture for study today again is focused in the Temple during the days just before Good Friday. Mark 12:38-40 begins, like Matthew, with the condemnation of the religious leaders for their demeanor and behavior. In addition to flowing robes and acknowledgement of their importance, the charge is added of “devouring widow’s houses,” or as CEB has it, “cheat widows out of their homes.” We have all heard about the “scams” directed at the elderly preying on fears and causing these susceptible persons to lose their security. The vulnerability of the weak and helpless has opened the door across the years to those who would take advantage of such people. Such actions demand retribution. Jesus promises, “just you wait!” At that moment, while watching people making their gifts in the Temple, an elderly widow came to make her gift. Mark describes the contrast between the donations of the wealthy and her “widow’s mite.” The location of these 13 bronze receptacles shaped like trumpets was between the Court of the Gentiles and the Court of the Women so anyone who came to the Temple could give. Not only give, but make noise in giving, as the sound of metal against metal reverberated around the walls! Jesus is watching – listening! The amount of the gift is never the important factor – not size, but sacrifice! In a financial campaign in one of our churches, the theme was “Not equal gifts but equal sacrifice.” The widow’s mite was a much larger gift than the noisy gifts rattling in the metal trumpets. IRS statistics indicate Americans give away an average of 7.6% of their discretionary income. The average for wealthier people is 4.2%. The poorest give twice as much percentage-wise. The truth is many of us give out of our abundance rather than sacrificially. When we love God with heart, mind, soul and strength and our neighbor as ourselves, the form and the motivation of our giving come together in a perfect unity. Doing so gives God the glory! AMEN. Helen and Rev. Sam Rogers are a retired clergy couple. They can be reached at [email protected].
Union Health and Family Welfare Minister J. P. dda furnished statistics on life expectancy of the people of different States to the Rajya Sabha on Wednesday. Not many people will recall that when India became independent, the overall life expectancy of the country was just 37 years. In those days we did not have State-specific or gender-specific statistics about life expectancy. Fortutely, we have more detailed data these days. One of the encouraging bits of information is that in some of our States, the life expectancy has doubled since Independence. The tiol average is not all that remarkable. The average life expectancy is 68.8 years for men and 71.1 years for women for the period 2016 to 2020. All over the world, the life expectancy for women is generally higher than for men. It is no different for India. It is perhaps because women do more work than men. In India, the best life expectancy for men is for Uttar Pradesh (76.5 years) and for women for Kerala (78.1 years). Regrettably, men from Assam have the lowest life expectancy of 65.6 years. Could it be related to idequate physical exercise or insufficient work? Our Life Expectancy
HUNTERS BAR INFANT SCHOOL Our aim is for all children to be enthused and challenged through an active and first-hand experience in mathematics. At Hunter’s Bar Infants, we teach mathematics so that all pupils develop their understanding and skills across the mathematics curriculum. Mathematics is taught in a structured way following the 2014 National Curriculum. Throughout their time at Hunter’s Bar Infants, children will have the opportunity to explore the mathematics curriculum using a range of resources and methods. All learning is put into a real-life context where possible to help children understand the role of mathematics in the world around them. The national curriculum for mathematics aims to ensure that all pupils: - become fluent in the fundamentals of mathematics, including through varied and frequent practice with increasingly complex problems over time, so that pupils develop conceptual understanding and the ability to recall and apply knowledge rapidly and accurately - reason mathematically by following a line of enquiry, conjecturing relationships and generalisations, and developing an argument, justification or proof using mathematical language - can solve problems by applying their mathematics to a variety of routine and non-routine problems with increasing sophistication, including breaking down problems into a series of simpler steps and persevering in seeking solutions At Hunter’s Bar Infants, we use a variety of teaching and learning styles in our Mathematics lessons. Our principal aim is to develop children’s knowledge, skills and understanding in a practical and skills based manner. Differentiation, Mastery and Special Educational Needs Through differentiated questioning, resources and activities, we ensure that all children are able to access the learning. In all classes there are children of differing mathematical ability. We recognise this fact and provide suitable learning opportunities for all children by matching the challenge of the task to the ability of the child. We achieve this through a range of strategies – in some lessons through differentiated group work and in other lessons by organising the children to work in pairs or groups on open-ended problems or investigations. We use classroom assistants to support some children and to ensure that work is matched to the needs of individuals. Children with specific learning needs in mathematics take part in intervention programs such as ‘Talk 4 Maths’, ‘First Class @ Number’, precision teaching and consolidation groups. These are all run by specialist teachers and teaching assistants. Children are placed in these groups after discussions with the class teacher and SENCo. Each intervention is monitored and tailored to the groups’ specific needs. Additionally, children who do not have English as a first language are pre-taught any specific vocabulary prior to any maths topic. Teaching of Mathematics Mathematics is taught daily throughout the school and includes the teaching of number, calculations, problem solving and weekly investigations. We follow the National Curriculum 2014 to ensure requirements of the programmes of study are covered. We ensure that there is progression throughout each week and year group, as well as throughout the school. Mathematics is taught in the school from Foundation Stage through to Year 2. In Early Years Foundation Stage, plans are taken from the Foundation stage of the National Curriculum. The mathematical aspects of the children’s work are related to the objectives set out in the Early Years Learning Goals. All the children are given the opportunity to develop their understanding of number, measurement, pattern, shape and space through a rich curriculum involving a variety of indoor and outdoor learning, allowing them to explore, enjoy, practice and talk confidently about mathematics. Mathematical language is introduced and encouraged from the beginning of their learning to support their understanding and to help them discuss their own learning. Key Stage One In key Stage One, our medium term plans give the main teaching objectives for each week. They ensure an appropriate balance and distribution of skills across each term, allowing children to progress throughout. The weekly plans list the specific learning objectives and give further details on the coverage in each lesson. Early morning work gives the opportunity for children to practice their arithmetic skills. Displays and Resources There are a wide range of resources to support the teaching and learning in mathematics across the school. All classrooms have a range of apparatus appropriate for the learning they will undertake, with further resources available for the whole school to use. Children are encouraged to select the resources they may need to encourage them to become confident and independent mathematicians. Within each class mathematical vocabulary, relevant to the year group, is displayed and referred to regularly during mathematics lessons. Displays are used to promote a positive and inquisitive attitude towards mathematics in the school. Maths is regularly included in the home learning menu. Tasks will often be linked to the learning from that half term but may also be an opportunity to review and apply skills from previous topics. Assessment and Recording Ongoing formative and summative assessments take place alongside teacher moderation. Teachers meet with the Senior Leadership Team regularly to examine pupil progress. Structured feedback is given to children to both acknowledge their successes and provide extra challenge so that they are clear in their next steps.
This talk brings value to the whole school community. The most successful communities handle social media with a team effort. The community talk allows the parents and schools leaders to talk the same language and truly be on the same team. - Educate them on social media and its impact - Discussion about the negative impact of social media on their children - Discussion on teen suicide and the correlations to their social media - Help them come up with a plan that fits their child and their philosophies - Remind them about the impact on their social media - Challenge them to help us be proactive in all the students’ social media
What is your following distance? This is also known as a ‘separation distance’. It refers to the gap that we leave between our vehicle and the vehicle in front. It’s important that we leave a good gap in case anything suddenly happens in front – it gives us time to react and slow or stop safely. Road traffic collisions are often caused by vehicles following the vehicle in front too closely. It’s essential that drivers are able to judge a good separation distance in all types of conditions – whether it’s bad weather, heavy road traffic, different road conditions etc. Sometimes in heavy, slow-moving traffic, it may not be realistic to leave a large separation distance. This could waste valuable road space especially in queues, and as you’re moving slowly, you will be able to stop quicker anyway. Even so, your separation distance should never be less than your thinking distance. Rule 151 of the Highway Code says In slow-moving traffic. You should: - Reduce the distance between you and the vehicle ahead to maintain traffic flow - Never get so close to the vehicle in front that you cannot stop safely - Leave enough space to be able to manoeuvre if the vehicle in front breaks down or an emergency vehicle needs to get past - Not change lanes to the left to overtake - Allow access into and from side roads, as blocking these will add to congestion - Be aware of cyclists and motorcyclists who may be passing on either side Last week in our ‘Emergency stop’ blog we looked at stopping distances, which is also relevant to our following distances. Your overall stopping distance is made up of your thinking distance and braking distance. Thinking distance – is the time it takes you to think and react to the incident. If you’re feeling tired or unwell, it may take longer for you to process and react. Braking distance – is the time it takes from when you start applying the brakes, to when you actually stop. You need to leave enough space between you and the vehicle in front so that you can slow down or stop safely if the vehicle in front suddenly brakes. Stopping distances can depend on a variety of things, including - How fast you’re going - Whether you’re travelling uphill or downhill - The weather - The conditions of the road - The type and age of your vehicle - The condition of your brakes and tyres - The size and weight of your vehicle - Your ability as a driver, and your reaction times Judging a safe separation distance A good way to judge a safe separation gap is to use the ‘two-second rule’. This is measured by counting two seconds from when the vehicle in front passes a stationary object, to when you pass the same stationary object. If you are still counting to two when you pass the stationary object, this means you are too close to the vehicle in front and you need to drop back to give yourself a safer separation distance. If you have finished counting to two by the time you pass the stationary object, this means you have a good, safe separation gap. You may find it easier to use shadows on the road as the stationary object. Sometimes it can be difficult to count to two properly! This may sound silly, but some people may count to two quickly and some may count slower. A good way to get around this is to use the phrase ‘Only a fool breaks the two-second rule’ – this takes approximately two seconds to say! If the road conditions are wet, you should double the two-second rule, making it four seconds. One phrase for this is ‘Only a fool breaks the two-second rule. When it’s wet on the floor, then make it four!’. (Personally I just say the two-second rule twice). Also, remember spray from the vehicle in front may make visibility even worse – consider leaving an even bigger gap so that you can see clearly ahead. When the conditions are icy or snowy, you should times the two-second rule by ten, making it 20 seconds! We haven’t yet come up with a catchy phrase for this – so brownie points if you can find a good phrase that takes 20 seconds to say! 😊 What can I do if a vehicle is following too closely behind me? When a vehicle is following you too closely (sometimes called “tailgating” or “being a space-invader”), gently ease off your accelerator and gradually increase the gap between you and the vehicle in front. If you have a bigger gap between you and the vehicle in front, should anything happen, you will have even more time to react and can brake more gradually, which will give the vehicle behind time to react too. Pay it forward: If the vehicle behind steals your space, give it to the car infront. Some motorways may have special chevron markings in the centre of the traffic lanes, spaced 40 metres apart. Keeping two chevrons between your vehicle and the one in front will provide a safe separation distance at 70mph. There will be signs advising you to check your distance. Remember to keep your distance from the vehicle that you’re trying to overtake. This will give you a better view of the road ahead – especially if you’re trying to overtake a lorry. Also, remember that large vehicles and motorcycles need a greater distance to stop, so consider leaving extra distance between yourself and them.
Accustomed to Apostasy by Thomas A. Droleskey Revolutions are meant by the devil to turn the world upside down. The Protestant Revolt, for example, so accustomed those who apostatized to its heresies (the rejection of the truths that Our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ founded a visible, hierarchical society headed on earth by Saint Peter and his true successors, the belief that one is "saved" when making a "profession of faith" in the Holy Name of Jesus and the subsequent rejection of the Sacrament of Confession and of the Real Presence of Our Lord in the Most Blessed Sacrament, the denial of the Mass as the unbloody perpetuation of the Sacrifice of Calvary, the Calvinist heresy that human souls are predestined to Heaven or to Hell by an arbitrary God Who denies free will to His rational creatures) and novelties (new "liturgical rites," the abolition of the altar in favor a table for a "supper," new prayers, the revival of the iconoclasm that was fought by Saint John Damascene, hatred of devotion to the Mother of God and the saints) that those who remained faithful to the Catholic Faith as it had been handed down to them over the centuries without an iota of change were viewed as "crazy" or "schismatic" or "disloyal" or even "unpatriotic." Here is the account in Father Harold Gardiner's book of how Blessed Edmund Campion was paraded through the streets of London following his return to that city after his capture on July 14, 1581, just forty-seven years after King Henry VIII had himself declared Supreme Head of the Church in England and just twenty-three years after Henry's daughter by Anne Boleyn, Queen Elizabeth I, restored England to Protestant after the five-year reign of her half-sister Queen Mary, the daughter of Henry's true wife, Queen Catherine of Aragon: When they started their journey through the city--they were paraded from end to end of it--the crowds laughed, and many hissed and booed the prisoners. They rode with their elbows tied behind them, their hands lashed together in front, and their feet secured underneath their horses' bellies. Father Campion was singled out for further ridicule by having a paper pinned to his hat, which read: "Campion the Seditious Jesuit." As the parade passed a section of London called Cheapside, they trooped before a cross standing in the market place. It had been battered and defaced in the religious troubles, but it was still a cross. Father Campion raised his eyes to it, bowed his head as far as he could and tried to make the sign of the cross on himself with his fettered hands. Some of the crowd pressing close to see the famous captive booed and jeered. "The Papist sign won't save you from the cross that waits you on Tyburn, you traitor." "He'll bow to the stone of the cross, but he won't bend his stiff neck to the Queen." "Haw, haw, but soon he won't have a head on top of his neck to bow with at all." Such were some of the hoots and catcalls, but some of the people looked with respect and sympathy, not to mention shame. Was this England, that an accused man could be treated as though he had already been tried and found guilty? Did he have the ghost of a chance to get a fair trial? What would happen to the country if things like this went on? Could England ever again be thought of as part of Christendom if priests and good Catholics were persecuted and put to death just because they were priests and good Catholics? These thoughts were in many minds, but they remained locked up there because it would have been dangerous to express them. But Father Campion would express them very soon and in a way that gave, even when he was in his last hours, new heart and courage to those he had come to serve. Yes, England could still be thought of as part of Christendom, so long as other Campions would follow to carry on his work. And they did follow. From Campion's day to this, priests have continued to preach Christ and His Church and lay people have continued to follow. Persecutions and martyrdoms would continue for more than a hundred years, but peace would finally come to the Church in England, and with peace, growth and vigor. (Father Harold C. Gardiner, S.J., Edmund Campion: Hero of God's Underground, Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1957, pp. 132-134.) Not even a half century had passed from the time of Henry Tudor's break from the Catholic Church. Not even a quarter century had passed from the time that Elizabeth took England out of the Faith for good. Look at the hatred directed at Father Edmund Campion, S.J., for simply adhering to that which every Englishman believed for nearly a thousand years since the time of Saint Augustine of Canterbury--and which many in Britain, including Saint Helena, had embrace as early as the latter part of the Third Century A.D. as a result of the work of Saint Alban, the Proto-Martyr of England. It was during the closing that of his trial that was to conclude with his being sentenced to death by being drawn and quartered that Father Campion himself noted the irony contained in his being condemned for believing what every ancestor of those who had condemned him had believed for nearly a thousand years: "The only thing I have now to say is, that if m religion makes me a traitor, I am worthy to be condemned. Otherwise I am, and have been, as good a subject as ever the Queen had. "In condemning me you condemn all your own ancestor--all the ancient priests, bishops and kings--all that was once the glory of England, the island of saints, and the most devoted child of the See of Peter. "For what I have taught . . . that they did not teach? To be condemned with these lights--not of England only, but of the world--by their degenerate descendants, is both gladness and joy. "God lives; posterity will live; their judgment is not so liable to corruption as that of those who are now going to sentence me to death." (Father Harold C. Gardiner, S.J., Edmund Campion: Hero of God's Underground, Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1957, pp. 160-161.) The exact same phenomenon has occurred as a result of the conciliar revolution. All but a microscopically small number of Catholics attached to the structures of the counterfeit church of conciliarism have grown to hate most of what is dismissed derisively as the "pre-conciliar church," which was the point of They Like It! eighteen days ago. Those who have no direct memory of the "pre-conciliar church" have been brainwashed by a highly sophisticated campaign of disinformation that helped to create a "false memory" of the past that even wiped out the true memories of those who lived in that "pre-conciliar church" and loved everything about it until they were "taught" that they could not even trust their own memories. A conciliar presbyter, writing under the pseudonym of "Father X," put it well in the original Latin Mass Magazine around 1994 or so when he wrote an article entitled, "They Have Burned What They Once Adored." Even older priests, some of whom, as it turned out, were steeped in unrepentant sins of perversity, came to hate the Immemorial Mass of Tradition. Even men of my own generation who were raised in the Mass of Tradition and catechized by the Baltimore Catechism came to to be full-throated supporters of conciliarism who "enjoyed" the novelties of the Protestant and Masonic Novus Ordo service that is hideous in the sight of God and quite open supporters, if not active participants in, false ecumenism and inter-religious "prayer" services and inter-religious dialogue, coming to love "parish council" meetings and "liturgical committee meetings" and the use of lectors and girl altar boys and extraordinary ministers of what purports to be the Eucharist. A whole new way of parish life, replete with his own sloganistic language ("ministers of greeting," "music ministers," "stewardship ministers," "mission statements," "support communities" for those steeped in unrepentant sins of perversity and for those who are divorced and remarried without even decrees of nullity from conciliar tribunals, etc.), has emerged that is every bit as revolutionary as that which faced Father Edmund Campion, S.J., upon his return to his beloved England in 1580. It has become impossible for most, although certainly not all, Catholics attached to the structures of the counterfeit church of conciliarism to recognize even rank immorality when it is staring them in the face, no less to have any flickering remnants of the sensus Catholicus that would permit them to recognize when the honor and majesty and glory of God are being offended by whoever happens to be the currently reigning antipope as he praises the "values" of false religions, each of which is hated by God, and urges Catholics to "respect" those false religions. Typical of this loss of the sensus Catholicus is the remark made by a thirty-something Novus Ordo Catholic to our friend, Mr. Matthew D. Hardin, who was received into the Catholic Church by His Excellency Bishop Daniel L. Dolan on the Feast of the Transfiguration of Our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ, August 6, 2008, upon learning of Mr. Hardin's conversion to the Faith from Methodism. This is how Mr. Hardin described the encounter in an e-mail to you that I publish with his permission: Your article [Archbishop Who?] on the "virtues proclaimed by Islam" reminds me of a contact I had a few days ago with a novus ordo Catholic. He said that while Methodists should convert, I had erred in leaving behind the "spiritual riches of Methodism." I'm not sure I understand why the word conversion is even (rarely) used at all anymore, since to do so would imply leaving behind the wonderful virtues of false worship. The thirty-something Novus Ordoite, a young man who, Mr. Hardin informs me, works in the tourism industry, "believes in everything the pope says." This is certainly what a Catholic should do if the "pope" believes in everything that is taught by the Catholic Church. That the conciliar "popes" do and say things contrary to the Faith, things that millions upon millions of Catholics gave up their lives rather than even to give the appearance of doing or saying, means nothing to those who are steeped in the apostasies and errors and novelties and blasphemies and sacrileges and abominations of conciliarism. Those who are so steeped in the rot of conciliarism have known nothing else other than what passes for the "norm" in their false church. Much like those devoted to the "truth" of Anglicanism in the Sixteenth Century in just a generation or two or three after King Henry VIII's most bloody and gruesome revolt against the true Church, the Catholic Church, so is it the case today that many Catholics in the conciliar structures who have no memory (or a false memory) of the "pre-conciliar church" have no sense of horror or revulsion when things contrary to the Faith and that violate most flagrantly the First Commandment are said and done by the conciliar "pontiffs" and their "bishops." Thus it is that most Catholics in the world who are attached to the structures of the counterfeit church of conciliarism are utterly without outrage for the honor and glory of God when Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI continues to express his "esteem and respect" for false religions such as Mohammedanism and Talmudic Judaism during his current pilgrimage to Jordan and Israel: The use of scientific knowledge needs the guiding light of ethical wisdom. Such is the wisdom that inspired the Hippocratic Oath, the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Geneva Convention and other laudable international codes of conduct. Hence religious and ethical wisdom, by answering questions of meaning and value, play a central role in professional formation. And consequently, those universities where the quest for truth goes hand in hand with the search for what is good and noble, offer an indispensable service to society. With these thoughts in mind, I encourage in a special way the Christian students of Jordan and the neighboring regions, to dedicate themselves responsibly to a proper professional and moral formation. You are called to be builders of a just and peaceful society composed of peoples of various religious and ethnic backgrounds. These realities – I wish to stress once more – must lead, not to division, but to mutual enrichment. The mission and the vocation of the University of Madaba is precisely to help you participate more fully in this noble task (Blessing of the foundation stone of Madaba University of the Latin Patriarchate May 9, 2009.) "You are called to be builders of a just and peaceful society composed of peoples of various religious and ethnic backgrounds"? No, this is the purpose of Catholic education, as explicated most clearly by Silvio Cardinal Antoniano in the Sixteenth Century and quoted by Pope Pius XI in Divini Illius Magistri, December 31, 1929: The more closely the temporal power of a nation aligns itself with the spiritual, and the more it fosters and promotes the latter, by so much the more it contributes to the conservation of the commonwealth. For it is the aim of the ecclesiastical authority by the use of spiritual means, to form good Christians in accordance with its own particular end and object; and in doing this it helps at the same time to form good citizens, and prepares them to meet their obligations as members of a civil society. This follows of necessity because in the City of God, the Holy Roman Catholic Church, a good citizen and an upright man are absolutely one and the same thing. How grave therefore is the error of those who separate things so closely united, and who think that they can produce good citizens by ways and methods other than those which make for the formation of good Christians. For, let human prudence say what it likes and reason as it pleases, it is impossible to produce true temporal peace and tranquillity by things repugnant or opposed to the peace and happiness of eternity. Is Mohammedanism of its evil nature repugnant or opposed to the peace and happiness of eternity? If it is, as we know to be the case, then how can Catholics be taught by a putative "pope" to build a "just" and "peaceful" society when true justice and authentic peace depend upon an adherence to everything contained in the Deposit of Faith that Our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ has entrusted exclusively to His Catholic Church for Its eternal safekeeping and infallible explication and when it is impossible for men to pursue justice with others when their souls are not in states of Sanctifying Grace? Are the words of Our Lord Himself ("Do not think that I came to send peace upon earth: I came not to send peace, but the sword. For I came to set a man at variance against his father, and the daughter against her mother, and the daughter in law against her mother in law," Mt. 10: 34-35) to be discarded in order not to "divide" by appearing to offend the adherents of the demonic cult known as Mohammedanism? Can Catholics be "enriched" by the beliefs of a false religion? Only one possessed, wittingly or unwittingly of a Judeo-Masonic spirit makes reference to the "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" and the "Geneva Convention" as the products of a religiously indifferentist "ethical wisdom." The Incarnation has occurred. Our Lord has died on the wood of the Holy Cross to redeem us from our sins. He has Risen bodily from the dead. He has established His true Church upon the Rock of Peter, the Pope, to be the true governor of all men and their nations in all that pertains to the greater honor and glory of God and the sanctification and salvation of human souls. It is Catholicism that is the only foundation of personal and social order, nothing else. Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI does not believe this. He believes that a generic sense of "religion" is "good enough" to "build bonds" of "justice" and "peace." He believes in absolute insanity that flies in the face of any elementary understanding of the Catholic Faith and has been condemned repeatedly and most solemnly by the teaching authority of the Catholic Church. And he is shameless about promoting his insane apostasy that so offends the honor and glory and majesty of the Most Blessed Trinity, doing so in a meeting yesterday, Saturday 9, 2009, with Muslim religious leaders, members of the Diplomatic Corps and Rectors of universities in Jordan in front of the mosque al-Hussein bin Talal in Amman): Places of worship, like this splendid Al-Hussein Bin Talal mosque named after the revered late King, stand out like jewels across the earth’s surface. From the ancient to the modern, the magnificent to the humble, they all point to the divine, to the Transcendent One, to the Almighty. And through the centuries these sanctuaries have drawn men and women into their sacred space to pause, to pray, to acknowledge the presence of the Almighty, and to recognize that we are all his creatures. Who is "worshiped" in the "splendid Al-Hussein Bin Talal mosque"? The devil, that's who. The Al-Hussein Bin Talal mosque" stands out like a "jewel" "across the earth's surface"? If Joseph Ratzinger had never said or done anything contrary to the Catholic Faith in his life at any point prior to this, which we know, of course, is not the case (see Ratzinger's War Against Catholicism), this act of apostasy alone would be enough to cause him to fall from the Faith. Joseph Ratzinger is an apostate. He is possessed of evil as it is only the devil who wants Catholics and non-Catholics alike to believe that a mosque, which is a den of diabolical iniquity, is a true place of "worship" that stands out like a "jewel" "across the earth's surface. I defy any priest or presbyter or conciliar apologist in the structures of the counterfeit church of conciliarism to defend these words of apostasy. Oh, yes, some will try, showing themselves to love their status and their donations and their "good standing" in the conciliar structures more than they desire to defend with all of their might--and regardless of the consequences--the honor and glory and majesty of God in the face of this blasphemous utterance by a truly despicable theological revolutionary who has made warfare upon the very nature of God Himself throughout his priesthood by perverting and distorting and misrepresenting the nature of dogmatic truth. Where is the outrage for the greater honor and glory of God, my friends? How can any conciliar presbyter who understands the Catholic Faith continue to the mention the name of this arch-heretic and blasphemer who calls refers to the Al-Hussein Bin Talal mosque as a "splendid" place of "worship" that stands out like a "jewel" "across the earth's surface"? Joseph Ratzinger cannot possibly know Who God is and how much he loathes each and every false religion for him to make the blasphemous statements that he makes over and over and over again. He believes in a "God" of his Modernist projection, not the true God of Revelation. Please spare me the "he had to say this" rationalizations or the protestation that some Mohammedans were not satisfied with the address in which this blasphemy was uttered because he, Ratzinger/Benedict XVI, did not apologize for offending the "Prophet Mohammad," the founder of the diabolical religion that bears his name, in the lecture that he gave at Regensburg University in Regensburg, Germany, on September 12, 2006. No one is under compulsion at any time to say things contrary to the Catholic Faith and that dishonor and blaspheme the true God, and the fact that some Mohammedans were not pleased with the speech does absolutely nothing--let me repeat this: absolutely nothing--to detract in the slightest from the grave offense given to God and the harm caused to souls by calling mosque a "splendid" place of "worship," Anyone who even tries to use this protestation to defend Ratzinger/Benedict would be doing a grave disservice to to Catholics as such a protestation has no relevance at all to the actual fact of the grave offense given to God by this octogenarian blasphemer whose warped, Modernist mind is shaped by the precepts of the "New Theology" that were condemned by Pope Pius XII in Humani Generis, August 12, 1950. No wonder that the leaders of the Society of Saint Pius X, eager to take their place in the pantheon of "movements" within the structures of the One World Ecumenical Church of Conciliarism, make excuses for Ratzinger's sins before the fact of the apostasies he has uttered just in the past two days (see Archbishop Who?). Have we grown as accustomed to apostasy as we have grown accustomed to accepting immodest speech (a subject of Saint Alphonsus's de Liguori's sermon for the Eleventh Sunday After Pentecost) or to to having our children our ourselves associate with bad company (the subject of Saint Alphonsus's Sermon for the Thirteenth Sunday After Pentecost; please click on the hyperlink for the written version of the full text of Saint Alphonsus's Sunday sermons)? Is there not an ounce of apostolic courage and zeal for the honor and glory and majesty of God left in the hearts, souls and minds of any priest or presbyter in the conciliar structures (Motu community, diocesan "clergy" or "clergy" with a religious community attached now to the conciliar structures) to speak up clearly that their putative "pope" is an apostate who thinks nothing of offending God by praising temples of false worship and the false religions practiced therein? No one is under any "obligation" at any time to say things contrary to the Catholic Faith that offend God gravely in order to curry favor with his infidel hearers. One is, however, under an obligation, as Saint Alphonsus de Liguori in his Sixth Sunday After Easter, to eschew such human respect in order to defend the honor and glory of God: Be attentive. Brethren, if we wish to save our souls, we must overcome human respect, and bear the little confusion which may arise from the scoffs of the enemies of the cross of Jesus Christ. "For there is a shame that bringeth sin, and there is a shame that bringeth glory and grace"-Eccl., iv. 25. If we do not suffer this confusion with patience, it will lead us into the pit of sin; but, if we submit to it for God's sake, it will obtain for us the divine grace here, and great glory hereafter. "As," says St. Gregory, "bashfulness is laudable in evil, so it is reprehensible in good"--hom. x., in Ezech. But some of you will say: I attend to my own affairs; I wish to save my soul; why should I be persecuted? But there is no remedy; it is impossible to serve God, and not be persecuted. "The wicked loathe them that are in the right way"--Prov., xxix. 27. Sinners cannot bear the sight of the man who lives according to the Gospel, because his life is a continual censure on their disorderly conduct; and therefore they say: "Let us lie in wait for the just; because he is not for our turn, and he is contrary to our doings, and upbraideth us with transgressions of the law"--Wis., ii. 12. The proud man, who seeks revenge for every insult he receives, would wish that all should avenge the offences that may be offered to him. The avaricious, who grow rich by injustice, wish that all should imitate their fraudulent practices. The drunkard wishes to see others indulge like himself, in intoxication. The immoral, who boast of their impurities, and can scarcely utter a word which does not savour of obscenity, desire that all should act and speak as they do; and those who do not imitate their conduct, they regard as mean, clownish, and intractable--as men without honour and without education. "They are of the world; therefore of the world they speak"--I. John., iv. 5. Worldlings can speak no other language than that of the world. Oh! how great is their poverty and blindness! Sin has blinded them, and therefore they speak profanely. "These things they thought, and were deceived; for their own malice blinded them"--Wis., ii, 21. . . . Wicked friends come to you and say: "What extravagancies are those in which you indulge? Why do you not act like others? Say to them in answer: My conduct is not opposed to that of all men; there are others who lead a holy life. They are indeed few; but I will follow their example; for the Gospel says: "Many are called, but few are chosen"--Matt., xx. 16. "If", says St. John Climacus, "you wish to be saved with the few, live like the few". But, they will add, do you not see that all murmur against you. and condemn your manner of living? Let your answer be: It is enough for me, that God does not censure my conduct. Is it not better to obey God than to obey men? Such was the answer of St. Peter and St. John to the Jewish priests: "If it be just in the sight of God to hear you rather than God, judge yet"--Acts, iv. 19. If they ask you how you can bear an insult? or who, after submitting to it, can you appear among your equals? answer them by saying, that you are a Christian, and that it is enough for you to appear well in the eyes of God. Such should be your answer to all these satellites of Satan: you must despise all their maxims and reproaches. And when it is necessary to reprove those who make little of God's law, you must take courage and correct them publicly. "Then that sin, reprove before all"--I. Tim., v. 20. And when there is question of the divine honour, we should not be frightened by the dignity of the man who offends God; let us say to him openly: This is sinful; it cannot be done. Let us imitate the Baptist, who reproved King Herod for living his brother's wife and said to him: "It is not lawful for thee to have her"--Matt., xiv. 4. Men indeed shall regard us as fools, and turn us into derision; but, on the day of judgment they shall acknowledge that they have been foolish, and we have shall have the glory of being numbered among the saints. They shall say: "These are they whom we had some time in derision. . . . . We fools esteemed their life madness, and their end without honour. Behold how they are numbered among the children of God, and their lot is among the saints"--Wis., v. 3, 4, 5. (Sixth Sunday After Easter: On Human Respect.) Yes, many "men indeed shall regard us as fools, and turn us into derision" for denouncing the apostasy of the octogenarian blasphemer named Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI. Sure, we must pray for the conversion of this old blasphemer, whose life may indeed be in jeopardy from Jewish zealots, people who are as dissatisfied with his "respect" for their false religion as Mohammedan zealots are dissatisfied with his "respect" for theirs, when he is in Israel between Monday, May 11, 2009, and Friday, May 15, 2009. First and foremost, however, we must defend the honor and glory and majesty of God by denouncing Ratzinger/Benedict's multiple apostasies and by calling to the attention of anyone and everyone who loves God as He has revealed Himself to us exclusively thriough His true Church that a person who defects from Faith in one thing defects from It in Its entirety and thus cannot hold ecclesiastical office within the Catholic Church legitimately: The Church, founded on these principles and mindful of her office, has done nothing with greater zeal and endeavour than she has displayed in guarding the integrity of the faith. Hence she regarded as rebels and expelled from the ranks of her children all who held beliefs on any point of doctrine different from her own. The Arians, the Montanists, the Novatians, the Quartodecimans, the Eutychians, did not certainly reject all Catholic doctrine: they abandoned only a certain portion of it. Still who does not know that they were declared heretics and banished from the bosom of the Church? In like manner were condemned all authors of heretical tenets who followed them in subsequent ages. "There can be nothing more dangerous than those heretics who admit nearly the whole cycle of doctrine, and yet by one word, as with a drop of poison, infect the real and simple faith taught by our Lord and handed down by Apostolic tradition" (Auctor Tract. de Fide Orthodoxa contra Arianos). The practice of the Church has always been the same, as is shown by the unanimous teaching of the Fathers, who were wont to hold as outside Catholic communion, and alien to the Church, whoever would recede in the least degree from any point of doctrine proposed by her authoritative Magisterium. Epiphanius, Augustine, Theodore :, drew up a long list of the heresies of their times. St. Augustine notes that other heresies may spring up, to a single one of which, should any one give his assent, he is by the very fact cut off from Catholic unity. "No one who merely disbelieves in all (these heresies) can for that reason regard himself as a Catholic or call himself one. For there may be or may arise some other heresies, which are not set out in this work of ours, and, if any one holds to one single one of these he is not a Catholic" (S. Augustinus, De Haeresibus, n. 88). (Pope Leo XIII, Satis Cognitum, June 29, 1896.) Joseph Ratzinger/Benedict XVI dares to call a place of devil worship a "jewel" on the face of the earth. A jewel? His own words have been prophetically condemned by true popes of the Catholic Church, including Pope Leo XIII in Custodi di Quella Fede, December 8, 1892, who warned about "respect for all religions," and Pope Saint Pius X in Notre Charge Apostolique, August 15, 1910, who noted in a clear contradiction of what Ratzinger/Benedict believes that Catholicism alone is the sole foundation of the just social order, not conciliarism's embrace of "inter-denominationalism" that was of the essence of the philosophy of The Sillon he, Pope Saint Pius X, condemned in no uncertain words: Everyone should avoid familiarity or friendship with anyone suspected of belonging to masonry or to affiliated groups. Know them by their fruits and avoid them. Every familiarity should be avoided, not only with those impious libertines who openly promote the character of the sect, but also with those who hide under the mask of universal tolerance, respect for all religions, and the craving to reconcile the maxims of the Gospel with those of the revolution. These men seek to reconcile Christ and Belial, the Church of God and the state without God. (Pope Leo XIII, Custodi di Quella Fede, December 8, 1892.) Here we have, founded by Catholics, an inter-denominational association that is to work for the reform of civilization, an undertaking which is above all religious in character; for there is no true civilization without a moral civilization, and no true moral civilization without the true religion: it is a proven truth, a historical fact. The new Sillonists cannot pretend that they are merely working on “the ground of practical realities” where differences of belief do not matter. Their leader is so conscious of the influence which the convictions of the mind have upon the result of the action, that he invites them, whatever religion they may belong to, “to provide on the ground of practical realities, the proof of the excellence of their personal convictions.” And with good reason: indeed, all practical results reflect the nature of one’s religious convictions, just as the limbs of a man down to his finger-tips, owe their very shape to the principle of life that dwells in his body. This being said, what must be thought of the promiscuity in which young Catholics will be caught up with heterodox and unbelieving folk in a work of this nature? Is it not a thousand-fold more dangerous for them than a neutral association? What are we to think of this appeal to all the heterodox, and to all the unbelievers, to prove the excellence of their convictions in the social sphere in a sort of apologetic contest? Has not this contest lasted for nineteen centuries in conditions less dangerous for the faith of Catholics? And was it not all to the credit of the Catholic Church? What are we to think of this respect for all errors, and of this strange invitation made by a Catholic to all the dissidents to strengthen their convictions through study so that they may have more and more abundant sources of fresh forces? What are we to think of an association in which all religions and even Free-Thought may express themselves openly and in complete freedom? For the Sillonists who, in public lectures and elsewhere, proudly proclaim their personal faith, certainly do not intend to silence others nor do they intend to prevent a Protestant from asserting his Protestantism, and the skeptic from affirming his skepticism. Finally, what are we to think of a Catholic who, on entering his study group, leaves his Catholicism outside the door so as not to alarm his comrades who, “dreaming of disinterested social action, are not inclined to make it serve the triumph of interests, coteries and even convictions whatever they may be”? Such is the profession of faith of the New Democratic Committee for Social Action which has taken over the main objective of the previous organization and which, they say, “breaking the double meaning which surround the Greater Sillon both in reactionary and anti-clerical circles”, is now open to all men “who respect moral and religious forces and who are convinced that no genuine social emancipation is possible without the leaven of generous idealism.” (Pope Saint Pius X, Notre Charge Apostolique, August 15, 1910.) Pope Leo XIII and Pope Saint Pius X were reiterating immutable truths of the Catholic Faith that Ratzinger/Benedict feels free to ignore by virtue of his inane, logically absurd and dogmatically condemned "hermeneutic of continuity and discontinuity" that makes past expressions of the Faith contingent upon the circumstances in which they were made, a belief that was condemned by the [First] Vatican Council and by Pope Saint Pius X in Pascendi Dominici Gregis, September 8, 1907, and in The Oath Against Modernism, September 1, 1910 (see Ratzinger's War Against Catholicism). Anyone who would attempt to dismiss Pope Leo XIII's and Saint Pius X's direct condemnations of Ratzinger/Benedict's "respect" for false religions and his belief that those false religions can help to "build" a "just" and "peaceful" world by claiming that past statements do not bind a current "pope" are faced with the conundrum of why anyone should follow what their "pope" says as his statements will be "in the past" after he is dead and buried. Is Catholic truth to be determined by the man who claims to be "pope" or is a true pope merely the mouthpiece of what has been taught always and everywhere and believed by everyone without a shadow of change? The Catholic Church teaches that the latter, not the former, is the case. Alas, we have grown so accustomed to apostasy that most Catholics attached to the conciliar structures are as hostile to authentic Catholic truth when it is presented to them as those who had gone over to Anglicanism were to Catholics who worshiped and believed as Catholics had always worshiped and believed in England prior to King Henry VIII. It's the same thing all over again. In the midst of the incredible apostasies taking place before our very eyes, we must, as always, have recourse to Our Lady, especially in this mont of May, as we pray as many Rosaries each day as our states-in-life permit and as we keep her company in the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass and in our time in fervent prayer before her Divine Son's Real Presence in the Most Blessed Sacrament. She will help us to cleave only to true bishops and to true priests who make absolutely no concessions to the abominable apostasies and blasphemies and sacrileges of conciliarism or to the nonexistent legitimacy of its "popes" and "bishops" who offend God so boldly, so openly and so brazenly--and with the full support and admiring approval of most of the world's baptized Catholics. While each person must come to recognize this for himself (it took me long enough to do so; I defended the indefensible for far too long!), we must nevertheless embrace the truth once we do come to recognize and accept it without caring for one moment what anyone else may think about us as we make reparation for our sins and those of the whole world as the consecrated slaves of Our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ through His Most Blessed Mother's Sorrowful and Immaculate Heart. We can never grow accustomed to apostasy. We can never grow accustomed to offenses given to God by the conciliar "popes" and their conciliar "bishops." We must cleave to the Catholic Church, not to the counterfeit church of conciliarism. What are we waiting for? Isn't it time to pray a Rosary now? Immaculate Heart of Mary, triumph soon. Viva Cristo Rey! Vivat Christus Rex! Our Lady of Fatima, pray for us. Saint Joseph, pray for us. Saints Peter and Paul, pray for us. Saint John the Baptist, pray for us. Saint John the Evangelist, pray for us. Saint Michael the Archangel, pray for us. Saint Gabriel the Archangel, pray for us. Saint Raphael the Archangel, pray for us. Saints Joachim and Anne, pray for us. Saints Caspar, Melchior and Balthasar, pray for us. Saint Antoninus, pray for us. Saints Gordian and Epimachus, pray for us. See also: A Litany of Saints
The banjo conjures American musical icons: the overall-clad country band on an old porch, the bluegrass player in a sun-soaked field. Over the past century, famous players like Pete and Mike Seeger have established the instrument as an enduring piece of Americana. Despite the banjo’s firm place in the American folk cannon, though, ethnomusicologist Greg C. Adams wants music fans to appreciate the eclectic, global contexts from which American banjo music grew. Since the instruments’ invention by enslaved Africans in the Caribbean nearly 400 years ago, the banjo has been picked up by a variety of cultures in and outside the Americas, each of which has contributed to the different ways America’s great banjoists have played. For Classic Banjo, out this month on Smithsonian Folkways Recordings, Adams and archivist Jeff Place selected 30 of the past half-century’s best tracks by American banjo players that capture the diversity of American techniques and styles. Adams, who has played the banjo for almost 20 years, recently talked to us about his love of the instrument, its history and what Classic Banjo means for a new generation of banjo enthusiasts. Why make an album of American banjo classics? Smithsonian Folkways is home to some of the most important recordings that reflect the ways the banjo is being used, especially in the 20th century. To have access to those materials, and to make those materials available, is vitally important to the ways in which we think about the broader history of the banjo. By the 1890s and moving forward, the banjo is increasingly used in the music industry. But how do we take what’s happened in the past century and compare it to how we understand the banjo’s broader history, which is a nearly 400-year history? How do we reflect upon the first 300 years of that history and embrace what we can learn from the 20th century forward? That’s why we put this album together. What makes a good banjo track? It’s a mix of the energy behind the performance, learning about the contexts of the performance and then learning who these people are and why they are significant. On the album, Tony Trischka and Bill Evans play the tune “Banjoland” with incredible precision. But you can also listen to “Golden Bell Polka,” by A.L. Camp, who at the time of this recording was a very old man. He’s playing this tune that would be associated with the late 19th and early 20th century, and so while you can tell he’s of an older generation by his performance, there’s still an integrity in his playing that says: ‘Yes, this man knew exactly what he was doing and in his day was an incredible player.’ It’s about appreciating not only the processes people go through as they learn to play the instrument, but how this process ties into the broader banjo tradition. You had more than 300 albums to dig through in your search. How did you decide which tracks ultimately made the final cut? We looked at several things. Who are some of the individuals that would need to be represented? What are some of the specific playing techniques that would need to be there? What kind of repertoire would help to reflect the vibrant nature of banjo music traditions? We have iconic people like Pete Seeger, Hobart Smith, or Mike Seeger, and we focus on playing techniques that are associated with, for example, bluegrass traditions, or with old time music—whether you’re talking about downstroke techniques such as clawhammer or frailing, as well as two- and three-finger picking styles. And then there are also people who are not picking the strings with their fingers, but using flat pics or plectrums. How did these different techniques come about? Different techniques materialize in different ways. In the 19th century, downstroke techniques were associated with the banjo’s commercialization through black-face minstrelsy and instruction books that taught African American techniques. This way of playing the banjo shares the same fundamentals with what we see in old time music circles, so if you see somebody playing clawhammer banjo—they would also call it frailing the banjo or thumping the banjo—you have a fundamental technique that unfolds in different ways, within different geographic locations, within different communities. Nobody’s going to play the banjo in the exact same way. Banjo is increasingly prevalent in popular radio music, like songs by the band Mumford and Sons. What do you hope a young generation of banjo enthusiasts take away from this record? What listeners are hearing people do today ties back to traditions that are hundreds of years old. It’s part of a much larger continuum. What they’re hearing in popular music, and perhaps what they’ll hear on a recording such as Classic Banjo, will inspire them to look deeper beyond just the sound of the instrument to the multicultural contexts in which the banjo exists. My hope is that we can reach as wide a public as possible. What’s the benefit of the banjo’s growing popularity? I feel like with the latest wave of popular awareness, we have a unique opportunity to really deconstruct the banjo’s use over time, coming out of slavery, its popular use though black-face minstrelsy, the way that it’s being gradually commercialized and what brings us to associate it more recently with old time and blue grass traditions. There’s a chance to have more of a conversation about the deeper aspects of this history. The banjo is not just a stereotype anymore. It is a gateway to understanding the American experience.
10-8 Translations. (pages 451-454). Indicator G8- Perform translations of two- dimensional figures using a variety of methods. Any time a geometric figure is moved, it is called a transformation . Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. 10-8 Translations (pages 451-454) Indicator G8- Perform translations of two- dimensional figures using a variety of methods Any time a geometric figure is moved, it is called a transformation. When you slide a polygon to a new position without turning it, the sliding motion is called a translation. When translating a figure, every point of the original figure is moved the samedistance and in the same direction! Whenever a figure is translated, use the prime symbols for the vertices in the transformed image. Translation (slide) Transformation/Translation Notation Graph a Translation • Translate 5 units left and 1 unit up. • Move each vertex of the figure 5 units left and 1 unit up. • Label the new vertices A’, B’, and C’. • Connect the vertices to draw the triangle. The coordinates of the vertices of the new figure are • A’ (-4, -1), B’ (-1, 2), and • C’ (0, -1). B’ B A’ C’ A C Note that after the triangle has been translated, the original triangle and the translated triangle (image) are congruent. You can also find the coordinates of a translation by adding or subtracting. Tip- A positiveinteger describes a translation right or up on a coordinate plane. A negativeinteger describes a translation left or down. H I G’ (1, -2) (-4 + 5) (1 – 3) H’ G J I’ H’ (1, 0) (-4 + 5) (3 – 3) (-2 + 5) (3 – 3) I’ (3, 0) G’ J’ (-1 + 5) (1 – 3) J’ (4, -2) You try… The squares below represent the desks in a classroom. Ana is seated at the square marked X. She is moved to the seat marked Y. Describe this translation as an ordered pair. Remember (X,Y). Ana moved 2 places right. (this is +2) And 2 places up. (this is +2) So, the translation can be written (2,2).
What Is A Muscle Strain? A muscle strain is a damaged area of muscle tissue that has suffered micro tearing. Strains typically cause pain in the muscle. Muscle strains are classified according to three degrees. Grade 1: Mild muscle tear and it only affects a few of the muscle fibers. Range of motion remains grossly intact and strength deficits are mild. Grade 2: Moderate muscle tearing that may involve half of the fibers or more. This is accompanied by a decrease in strength and decrease in range of motion. Grade 3: This is a severe strain and indicates complete rupture of the muscle. This may cause swelling, bruising, and loss of muscular strength, as well as muscular defect. What Are The Causes Of A Pulled Muscle? Muscle strain occurs when the muscle can’t handle the demand placed on it and a degree of muscle tearing occurs as a result. What Are The Signs And Symptoms Of A Muscle Tear? Signs and symptoms of a muscle strain include: - Decreased range of motion What Are The Risk Factors Of A Muscle Pull? It is more likely to occur in situations where a person performs an explosive action, like sprinting or jumping, during an eccentric (muscle lengthening action), or during sudden increases in activity. A muscle that crosses two joints or that has a high percentage of type 2 fibers is also more likely to suffer a strain or tear. How Is A Strained Muscle Diagnosed? Muscle strain may be diagnosed by patient history, examination and special testing. MRI may be helpful but is not always necessary. What Are The Possible Treatments For A Muscle Strain? Most muscle strains are typically treated conservatively, with only some severe/complete tears requiring surgical intervention. Initially protection, (relative) rest, ice, compression, and elevation is recommended. Medication may be recommended by a medical doctor. Physical therapy may begin immediately after a muscle strain (or a few weeks later, depending on medical doctors input). Physical therapists will use a variety of techniques to treat strains, including soft tissue mobilization, edema reduction techniques, taping, stretching, joint mobilization, cold laser treatment, patient specific therapeutic exercise, stability training, and neuromuscular re-education (balance training). Are There Preventative Steps To Avoid A Pulled Muscle? Maintaining proper muscle strength, stability, and flexibility is useful in avoiding muscle strains. Proper warm up pre-exercise is also helpful to prepare the muscle for the demands that will be placed on it to aid in avoiding muscle strain. Cool down and stretching post exercise and regular stretching during days where exercise does not occur is also useful in maintaining flexibility and healthy muscle length. What Are The Risks If A Muscle Tear Is Left Untreated? Overtime muscle strains may heal themselves, but without proper muscle function (i.e. strength/range of motion/stability, etc.) a strain may be more likely to occur again Key Takeaways About A Muscle Strain - Muscle strains or muscle “pulls” are tears that occur in the muscle. They may be classified according to three different grades, Grade 1: mild (few fibers tear), grade 2: moderate (many fibers tear), grade 3: severe (complete rupture). - Physical therapy aids in reducing tear related symptoms, like swelling, bruising, and pain. PT focuses on manual techniques, therapeutic exercise, and neuromuscular re-education to improve muscle length/tightness, strength, muscular stability, joint mobility, and range of motion. The goal of PT is to treat the underlying cause of the injury as well as the taking care of the symptoms. - Muscle tearing does not always require imaging to diagnose. Your PT will work with your medical doctor to decide if imaging is appropriate for you. - It is important to focus on eccentric (muscle contraction in a lengthening direction) muscle work in addition to concentric (muscle contraction in shortening direction) activations.
The Danish scientists proved that swimming can be as effective for people to get in shape in the water as on land, Science Nordic reported. The common land-based 4-x-4 interval training, where four sessions of 4 minutes of hard exercise each are interspersed with 2-3 minutes of less intensive training, is not so common in swimming. According to Bjørn Harald Olstad of the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, swimming works many different muscles in a gentle way. “In swimming, you’re also in a horizontal position, which is more favourable for the heart, and the amount of blood that is pumped out of the heart with each beat is quite high,” he said and added that while swimming, people often use shorter intervals to make sure your technique remains strong, and they take shorter breaks since there is not nearly so much strain on your joints. Thus, the heart rate also won’t climb nearly as high in the water as it would on land. Swimming helps to be in top shape without over-training One swimming’s key aspect is to make sure that body is relaxed in the water, both under water and while afloat. Olstad points that many people are too tense when they swim, and this is a problem many people have with the crawl stroke. One professional tip is to always exhale when your face is under water, so you only inhale when your face is out of the water. The second tip is to breathe early in the stroke and avoid lifting your head to breathe. One way to think about the timing is that when the arm that is in the water passes your shoulder, you should start rotating your head to the side to breathe. As for motivation, Olstad suggests something big: “My tip is: set yourself a goal of doing a triathlon!” he said. Thus, the best advice to parents is to teach their kids as early as possible to swim in a proper way, that skill will definitely help people in the further life to be in top shape.
So, here’s another post about roots. This time, I want to talk about how deep soil preparation (double-digging) works to increase the health and yields of plants by giving them room to spread out. Did you know that the average carrot puts down an 8-foot-deep root? It’s true – check out the picture on page 19 of the 9th edition of How to Grow More Vegetables! The more root a plant has, the more nutrients it can take up. More nutrients means healthier plants, higher yields, and more nutritious food for you and your family. Typically, farm soil is only prepared 6-inches deep. However, the Royal Horticultural Society in England performed tests showing that soil prepared 24-inches deep – the same depth that results from the “double-digging” method that Biologically-intensive gardening uses – produced healthier plants and higher yields. When you prepare the soil four times as deep as “normal” (24 inches) you produce four times the root system and four times the nutrient-cycling occurs! See what happens in the soil when it is prepared 10-inches deep (upper image) and 20-inches deep (lower image) in the photographs to the left. These images are from the section “Living Quarters for Plant Roots—A Picture Story of How Soil Conditions Determine Root Development” by Henry C. De Roo. This is from the Brooklyn Botanic Garden out-of-print Handbook on Soils, 1956, which has been reprinted by Ecology Action with its kind permission (also available on Amazon). Which rooting system would you rather have growing your food- and compost-crops? Now, I know that people can be a little doubtful about double-digging, because it seems like “work”. But Biologically-intensive gardening and farming is not really labor intensive…it is actually skill intensive! You do not need to work harder, you just need to think smarter! See p. 30 in HTGMV. Think of double-digging as an investment, that once made, will continue to repay you and your garden to as long as you maintain it correctly. You do not have to continually double-dig. Once good, deep soil preparation has been established for a sufficient time, you only need to surface cultivate 2- to 4-inches deep with a hula hoe. See pp. 14=32 in HTGMV for the overall process. Good soil preparation increases the quality and quantity of your gardening and farming result! Give double digging a try – even if it’s only one bed to start with. You won’t be disappointed, and your plants will love the extra space to sink their roots.
In A Nutshell A legume is typically a pod with multiple seeds that will start to open on its own as it becomes ready for harvesting. A nut is typified by a hard outer shell protecting a single seed that we would call the “nut,” and does not open on its own. A drupe is basically a nut with a pulpy fruit around it. An example of a drupe whose nut seed you wouldn’t eat is a peach; one whose seed we would eat is an almond. The Whole Bushel While many people may know that a peanut is not a nut, you may not know what the distinction is between the different foods. Peanuts are often confused as nuts due to their name and the fact that they’re similar in taste and structure to most nuts available on the market. However, it is indeed technically a legume. Legumes often come in a pod and usual have multiple fruit in one pod. The pods that contain leguminous fruit will usually start to split when they are ready to harvest. Other examples of legumes include peas, carob, and just about any bean you can think of. Nuts, on the other hand, are a different animal. Now, most nuts are presented in the supermarket with their shells already removed, but if we want to know how to classify a nut-like fruit, the shell is one of the most important ways to identify it. Unlike their legume cousins, nuts actually do not split open when they are ready to be picked—they stay shut tight until you force the delicious goodness inside out with a nutcracker, or an increasingly dented set of teeth. This is due to the nuts being surrounded by a hard outer shell. Also, nuts tend to only have one fruit inside as opposed to the several you would get in a legume pod. Examples of nuts that can truly fit the botanical classification are hazelnuts and acorns. A drupe is the most interesting of them all. It turns out that many things we assume to be nuts (such as almonds or walnuts) are actually drupes. A drupe is a fruit that is pulpy on the outside, and has a hard shell on the inside that contains one seed. In most cases you eat the outer fleshy part of the fruit and discard the “stone.” Examples of this are drupes such as the plum, or peach, where you would never imagine eating anything but the flesh. However, in some cases the seed within the fruit, that most people would call a “nut,” is actually the part usually eaten. Of course, when working in the kitchen, very little attention is paid to the botanical differences.
This lesson focuses on two main concepts. 1. Checking if your data fits a normal distribution. 2. Checking if your data is stationary over time and what to do in both cases when they’re not. To understand regression which we will build upon later in time series analysis when using regression, we choose one or more independent variables to help us predict a dependent variable. Independent variables may include market indices, employment numbers, weather forecasts or consumer spending reports. Dependent variables include stock price returns, but may also include electricity consumption or the amount of corn harvested. You can also choose stocks returns as both your independent and dependent variables in a regression. At first glance it looks like you’re using the returns of one stock to predict the returns of another stock. In fact the regression is used to see how two assets or two groups of assets move in relation to each other. This is what we do in statistical arbitrage. Statistical arbitrage is a trading technique that involves simultaneously buying and selling two related assets based on the analysis of how these two assets move in relation to one another. It’s important to keep in mind the signal-to-noise ratio in our data. The signal is the meaningful part of our input data that helps us predict our dependent variable. The noise is the random part of our data that does not help us make better predictions. With financial data, the signal is relatively low and there is a lot of noise. In other words, the signal-to-noise ratio tends to be low. When the signal-to-noise ratio is low, predictive models tend to overfit the data that it’s trained on. This means that when the model is used to make forecasts in real life, they often pay too much attention to aspects of the data that are not actually useful in prediction. This results in predictions that are not accurate enough to be useful. Moreover the relationship between the independent variables and the stock returns can change over time. In other words, their relationships are not stationary in practice. This means that your models become stale after some time and need to be periodically retrained with more recent data. This also means that some independent variables that produced useful predictive signals in the past may not necessarily do so in the future and vice-versa. This is partly why a certain trading strategies fade after a while and become useful again in the future.
Nigeria has the largest number of out-of-school children in the world - Over 13 million children. Unsurprisingly, poverty plays an important role. 72% of the poorest children are out of school, compared to 3% for the richest. Gender and region also play a part, with girls more likely than boys to be out-of-school. And children in the north—the most economically depressed region of the country and focal point of Boko Haram’s insurgency—are out-of-school at higher rates than their southern counterparts. For instance, 55% of school-aged children in Bauchi are out of school; in Anambra, that number is 6%. The North East has a high % of out of school children According to the Universal Basic Education Act of 2004, every Nigerian child is legally entitled to nine years of uninterrupted basic education, including primary schooling and three years of junior secondary school. These out-of-school numbers, however, represent a failure of policy to deliver this entitlement to all children. An intuitive—and necessary—reaction to Nigeria’s out-of-school problem is to call for the government to invest more resources in the country’s education sector. Such investments might include building new schools or adding more seats to existing schools to increase enrollment. It might also mean additional financing for teacher training and making schools more accessible, such as feeding programs and provision of free uniforms and textbooks. While those investments are critical, we must not neglect an important fact: that it is not enough to simply enrol children in school. Policies must go much further to ensure that children learn while they are in school. There is abundant evidence showing that many Nigerian children do not learn much even when they are in school. The latest evidence comes from the recently launched World Bank Human Capital Index (HCI), which measures the amount of human capital that a child born today can expect to attain by age 18. According to the Index, a child born in Nigeria today will acquire, on average, 8.2 years of school by the age of 18. However, when the years of school are adjusted by the quality of learning, we find that Nigerians are learning the equivalent of only 4.3 years of school. Put in more practical terms, this implies that the average child who completes JSS 2 (second grade of Junior Secondary School) would have learned only what a primary 4 student is supposed to learn. What’s more, the index shows that children in Nigerian schools lag behind other African children in terms of learning. Worth noting is the fact that indices such as the HCI might even understate the problem since they only reflect the national picture and are constructed based on a sample of students who actually take standardized tests. When we look at children’s learning outcomes at the state level, we find that students’ learning—their acquisition of literacy and numeracy skills—might have declined in recent years. For instance, one assessment of students learning outcomes in government schools in Enugu, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Kwara, and Lagos states shows that literacy and numeracy scores for grade 2 students have worsened since 2014. Poor performance on such assessments reveals the inability of students to complete basic cognitive tasks such as computing 2 + 3. Nigeria lags African peers in education quality Without a doubt, Nigeria has a learning crisis. Several factors might explain these poor learning outcomes, such as the reality that many teachers do not show up to class, and, even when they do, their teaching is of low quality. Further fueling the lag in learning is the fact that poor children start school with severe nutritional and developmental disadvantages that undermine their preparedness to learn in class. Beyond these factors though, the learning crisis itself plays a role in keeping children out of school in at least two ways. First, it limits students’ ability to progress within the education system. And secondly, it reduces incentives for parents to enrol and support their children in school. Low-quality learning translates to poor performance on important tests such as the primary and junior secondary school-leaving examinations. Consequently, many students are likely to drop out of the system after failing such exams. Further, research suggests that poor parents are less likely to make investments to keep their children in school if they perceive the quality of education to be low. Despite its severity, Nigeria’s learning crisis does not receive the attention it merits. About 90% of the 2018 education budget is allocated for recurrent expenses, leaving too little room for investments in strategies that directly impact students’ experiences in the classroom. There is still hope. it is encouraging to note that the Universal Basic Education Road Map for the 2015 – 2020 strategy period lists as a policy goal the need to “ensure the acquisition of appropriate levels of literacy, numeracy, manipulative, communicative, and life skills needed for laying a solid foundation for life-long learning.” One implication of this policy goal is that policymakers urgently need to deliver stronger learning outcomes for every dollar that is spent on education. Where more clarity is required, though, is on the specific policies and programs that the government can adopt to reach the goal of putting students’ learning first. One promising approach is the Teaching at the Right Level strategy whereby students are grouped into classes according to their learning level as opposed to their age or grade. Instead of focusing on following a rigid curriculum, this approach requires teachers to focus on meeting students’ learning needs by teaching at their current skill levels in math, reading, writing, and comprehension. In India, this approach has led to significant improvements in learning outcomes for children in government schools, and it might hold relevant policy lessons for Nigeria. Regardless of Nigeria’s preferred policy approach, it is clear that building more schools or increasing the size of the education budget alone will not solve the crisis in the education sector. In our legitimate pursuit for more significant investment in education, we must not neglect the importance of learning. Ending the education crisis requires creative policies and programs that will simultaneously pursue the goals of increasing enrollment, limiting drop out rates, and—especially important—improving students’ learning outcomes. In any part of the world, education is supposed to be the primary enabling tool for individuals to rise above poverty and overcome the circumstances of their birth. It ought to serve as the lubricant for upward economic mobility. For Nigerians, the learning crisis threatens to erase any hope of education serving as a way out of poverty. Nigeria’s children deserve better. They deserve not only the chance to go to school but also the high-quality service delivery to ensure that they learn while in school.
In A Nutshell With the death of Margaret Thatcher came a bizarre claim that she was responsible for the development of one of our favorite summer treats: soft-serve ice cream. The problem comes when you consider that soft-serve had been popular in the US for around a decade before Thatcher started her work at J. Lyons & Co. Even when she was there, she was mostly working on soap and pie fillings. The myth was likely started by the British left as a metaphor for her political policies. The Whole Bushel When most people think of Margaret Thatcher, they don’t usually think of hot summer afternoons, endless sun, and the excitement of ice cream. When Thatcher died in 2013, there was an odd idea tossed out almost nonchalantly at her funeral. According to the Bishop of London, Thatcher was partially responsible for the creation of one of the favorite summertime treats of children everywhere: soft-serve ice cream. The claim was that Thatcher, who had gotten her degree in chemistry from the University of Oxford, had worked at J. Lyons & Co., where she had been instrumental in creating the emulsifiers used in soft-serve ice cream, along with the process of injecting air into the mixture to make it even more light and wonderful. Supposedly, it was only after her work on the research team that they succeeded in creating a reliable method to make soft-serve ice cream. That ice cream would be branded Mr Whippy in the UK, and it spread to other parts of the world from there. Her degree was awarded in 1947, the research job came not long after, and she was presently introduced to Denis Thatcher and persuaded to change careers. Seems legit, right? It’s pretty untrue. The biggest strike against the story is that soft-serve was already well-known in the US by the time Thatcher supposedly invented it. It was discovered jointly by J.F. McCullough (who came up with this new kind of ice cream on purpose) and Tom Carvel (who came up with it quite accidentally when his truck broke down and he kept selling the melting ice cream) in 1938. There’s an argument there about when soft-serve became soft-serve and whether or not the earliest versions of the ice cream are legitimate. Regardless of opinions on that, though, we do know that there were a couple of different companies in the UK trying to break into the soft-serve market. J. Lyons, the company Thatcher worked for, did so by buying American soft-serve technology. What followed was a grab for power and popularity between Whippy and Softee, and it wasn’t until the 1960s that machines advanced to the point where they had air pumps in them to create the soft ice cream we all know and love today. A closer look into the work Thatcher did at J. Lyons shows that most of what she researched was in the fields of soap-making and in documenting the quality of pie and cake fillings. So what the heck, Britain? Why was the origin of soft-serve ice cream so wrapped up in someone who doesn’t really evoke the innocence and simplicity of childhood? According to a brief published by the Royal Society two years before Thatcher’s death, the myth and the association might have had some strange political roots. They suggest that it was started by the British left, who could think of no metaphor more appropriate than soft-serve ice cream to point out all that they thought was wrong with Thatcher’s politics. Show Me The Proof Featured image via Wikipedia The Guardian: Was Margaret Thatcher really part of team that invented Mr Whippy? The New Yorker: The Margaret Thatcher Soft-Serve Myth The Telegraph: Margaret Thatcher didn’t invent Mr Whippy
The hosts file is a plain text file on your computer that is used by the operating system to map hostnames to IP addresses. The hosts file could be compared to a telephone directory; you look up a name in the directory and you find a number to call to contact that person. When you type in a hostname in your Internet browser your system first checks its local hosts file to see if it has an IP address that corresponds to the hostname. If the entry exists you are redirected to that IP address otherwise your system checks elsewhere to try to resolve the hostname to an IP address. So if you want to block an internet website, you could simply associate the sites hostname to a safe IP address in your hosts file. For example you could associate www.evil.com with the IP address 127.0.0.1 which is the local address of your computer. FAQ Category: Glossary
A new study using solid-state NMR spectroscopy to analyze intact bone paves the way for atomic-level explorations of how disease and aging affect bone. The research by scientists at the University of Michigan is reported in the Dec. 2 issue of the Journal of the American Chemical Society. "If people think of bone at all---and they usually don't, until they have a fracture---they think of it as an inert material," said Ayyalusamy Ramamoorthy, professor of chemistry and of biophysics. "But like everything else, bone is also made up of molecules whose behavior is reflected in its structure, toughness and mechanical strength, making bone really exciting in terms of its chemistry and its contribution to health and well-being," As scientists strive to understand the human body and its diseases in terms of molecular behavior, bone presents a challenge to most analytical techniques. "However, solid-state NMR spectroscopy is an ideal tool for exploring what goes on inside bone at nanoscopic resolution," Ramamoorthy said. "It is possible to probe the structure and dynamics of individual molecules that constitute bone without any physical damage or chemical modification." But while solid-state NMR spectroscopy is capable of revealing complete nanoscopic details of molecular events from most samples, it often provides so many details that they're difficult to tease apart and analyze. Ramamoorthy, whose children are fans of the Magic School Bus science series, challenged his lab group to find ways of "driving around" to explore the interior of bone, just as characters on the series might in their imaginary world. The researchers' real-world approach involved a different kind of magic. Ramamoorthy and colleagues used a variation of solid-state NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy called magic-angle spinning, a non-invasive technique that makes solid material as amenable to analysis as solutions are. Previous NMR studies have used pulverized bone, but the U-M group's instruments and methods made it possible to analyze a sample of intact cow bone. The bone sample was shaped to just fit the rotor that is spun at the so-called magic angle inside the probe of a solid-state NMR spectrometer. With this technique, the researchers examined changes that occur in bone with water loss. The water content of bone tissue decreases with age, which---by affecting both collagen and minerals---reduces bone's strength and toughness. "We were able to see dynamical structural changes with the main protein, collagen," Ramamoorthy said. "Its characteristic triple helix structure was not completely damaged, but its mobility was altered, in addition to a disorder in the structure." The success of the study makes possible future research into how bone's constituents behave under different conditions. "We'd like to look at how bone changes at the atomic level, as a function of aging," Ramamoorthy said, "and to make comparisons between diseased and healthy bone." Such studies may provide insights into the susceptibility of bone to fracture, especially in the osteoporotic tissues of many elderly people. Ramamoorthy's coauthors on the paper are postdoctoral fellows Peizhi Zhu and Jiadi Xu, graduate student Nadder Sahar, chemistry professor Michael Morris and David Kohn, professor of biomedical engineering and of dentistry. Funding was provided by the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation and the Department of Defense. Cite This Page:
Six Sea Turtles Released After A Year Of Rehabilitation By Jessica Rawden 3 years ago Six sea turtles were released back into the wild on Saturday after spending a year in rehabilitation overcoming injuries. The Institute for Marine Mammal Studies saved one juvenile green turtle and five Kempf’s ridley sea turtles in 2012 during peak stranding season. The turtles spent a year in Gulfport, Mississippi and over the weekend locals, volunteers, and employees showed up to release the turtles back into the Gulf Coast. Rev. Louis Lohan even blessed the turtles before they returned to the wild. One of the turtles, named Chipper, was treated for serious injuries and later was given a satellite transmitter. The transmitter will allow the Institute for Marine Mammal Studies to follow Chipper’s movements in the future, and for the rest of the young turtle’s 70 to 80 year lifespan. According to The Sun Herald, the Kempf’s ridley species is making a comeback after almost becoming extinct several years ago. The BP oil spill certainly hasn’t helped the species and scientists want to keep better tabs on the creature and what will help it grow more capably in the wild. People are pretty aware of the plight of endangered sea turtles. Efforts have been made in the past, as well as this year, to keep people off of beaches during the nesting season in Florida. Other rehabilitation networks exist all across the world to help injured sea turtles in need. Efforts like these take time and effort, but are worth it to save a few species.
There was a refined petroleum product called "petrol" available as far back as 1870 which was used (among other things) to kill lice nits and as a solvent. When internal combustion engines were being developed, this product, unchanged, was found to be an ideal fuel. Why couldn't Doc and Marty have bought some of that to refill the DeLorean? This is all just speculation, but some points to consider: - How many bottles of this “petrol” would be required to get to 88 mph? - To what degree is this “petrol” compatible with combustion engines from 1985? - There were no highways back then, where could you find a place to accelerate to the required speed? (If I remember correctly, flight was not an option.) They were going to try alternative combustible liquids. The first they tried was alcohol. The strongest one the could buy from the local bartender if I remember correctly. With that the intake manifold to blew out and then it would have taken about a month to repair it according to Doc. They didn't have the time for that since they were planning to leave before the next Monday to avoid Doc's death. Probably if they didn't blow the intake manifold they would have tried also Petrol eventually. Petrol wasn't invented until 1870 or 1871 and it seems likely it was a small potatoes British business. While I don't doubt that some of their product made it to the eastern U.S., it seems very unlikely it was well distributed and probably would not have made it to the Wild West, especially California. Even if it was sold in San Francisco, what are the chances it would have made it to Hill Valley? As portrayed, the town had made it to the iron age, but that was about it. Because that wouldn't make a good movie. In reality they could have burned Kerosene that no doubt has a higher octane rating (150) than petrol of the time. With a low octane rating, they wouldn't have gotten to 88mph because the knock sensors would have cut timing and put the car in limp mode. Part of the issue was that they had a time limit. Doc (and then Marty) was going to be murdered in a week. They didn't have time to do much more than try what they had available to them locally. Doc was a scientist. So therefore he should have known gasoline was a by product (useless at the time) of the process of making kerosene. So in theory should have been pretty easy for Doc to cook up. But then again the movie probably wouldn't have been as good.
Sometimes the child is violent, and even a breach can not speak, and can be physically sick. Major medical symptoms to inflammation, infections and severe food allergies. It is often difficult to identify the symptoms of autism, but angry outbursts, inability to learn, break shouting, throwing objects, things, sense of pain and not the temper tantrums. It is very difficult to communicate with patients and parents and children suffer a lot of contacts. If the disease is not enough reason to worry, many have a secret truth behind the misery - a link between autism and vaccinations. It appears that autism is about four times more boys than girls in the United States and the CDC are not able to tell us why. They state simply that there can be many causes for disorders of the autism spectrum. More worrying is that it appears that the rate of disease has increased significantly from an estimate of 10,000 children in the 1970-present Currently spectacular case that they are 150 children with autism. Of course, we must look at the figures of the 70s, in the light of the fact that the understanding of the problems has increased over the coming decades and longer to diagnose the right opportunity. What seems to have happened is that many of the vaccines containing the preservative thimerosal (which contains 50% mercury) was spent in the 90s. Another study showed that children with autism, the presence of significant quantities of mercury have been issued and accepted then another chemical toxicity began to speak and act normally, there no signs of autism. According to numerous studies that have reported cases of autism on the rise, while the mercury in the form of thimerosal continues to operate. The Autism Society of America provides that autism is increasing, in fact, 10 to 17% per year, costing us 90 billion U.S. dollars per year and should grow to 400 billion U.S. dollars in 10 years. Support lifetime is estimated at 3.2 million per person, according to a study by Harvard.
Children love to create and in a Montessori classroom, a work of art is about the process more than the end result – sometimes your child might come home with something that is precious to them and other times children might not feel any connection to their creation. Whatever the outcome of the creative process, there is a practical question that requires an answer: where do we put all of this art work? We have some suggestions for you: - Pinboard – this is the easiest way to display artwork as you can rotate the display, replacing older pieces with newer ones. But the question remains: what do you do with the artwork you’ve removed from the pinboard… - Photographs – take a photo of your child’s art so that it’s preserved in digital format. This is especially useful for pieces that are sculptural. You could create and print a photobook every year as a keepsake. - Recycle – this is especially useful for artwork that is not precious to you or your child, or artwork that you’ve already photographed; explaining to your child that you are helping the environment by disposing of their artwork in this manner is an opportunity to make them feel ethically responsible. - Portfolio/Scrapbook – you can buy a special art portfolio from the shop or create your own one with plastic sleeves as a way of filing artwork that you would like to keep. You could also create an art scrapbook; this is something that your child might like to help you with. - Frame – children will love seeing their artwork in a frame on the wall, and you can interchange pieces as you like. - Post to family – grannies and grandpas most especially love their grandchildren’s artwork, especially if they live in another country and perhaps don’t see their family all that often. - Birthday Cards/Wrapping Paper – paintings and drawings can be used as wrapping paper for size-appropriate gifts. Upscale with ribbon or tissue paper in a bag. You could also make birthday (or other occasion) cards from your child’s art. - Make a soft toy – there are many online sellers who create soft toys from children’s drawings and creations; this could be something you do with a particularly special piece of art. - Arts & Crafts it – you could turn pieces of art into other things, like garlands, lanterns, mosaic cut-outs, mobiles, collages etc. Whilst it might seem easier to sneak discarded art into the bin, fight the urge and include your child in the disposal process – you’ll find that they’re quite reasonable when they understand their options.
Recently, a parent asked me to answer this question. He wanted to understand when his child’s frequent worrying should be evaluated by a mental health practitioner or a primary care provider. In these tense and confusing times, it’s easy to confuse normal feelings of nervousness with more debilitating anxiety. Here are two basic definitions that can clear up any questions you may have. Feeling nervous is different that feeling anxious in terms of intensity, frequency and focus. Nervousness, like anxiety, is experienced cognitively and physically but it doesn’t stop you from doing something. Nervousness is a temporary feeling of insecurity related to specific concerns about a new or stressful situation. Usually these concerns go away once you’ve mastered the tasks associated with that situation or lived through and managed it successfully. You’ll feel nervous with a flutter in your stomach or some perspiration about doing something like getting a flu shot or going to see a friend for the first time in months, but you’ll do these things anyway. Anxiety disorders are more debilitating and persistent, reflecting repeated all or nothing thinking, negative expectations of events and an inability to tolerate uncertainty. They can be related to general or specific fears that don’t go away despite positive experiences of successfully overcoming them. Although anxiety can be adaptive by helping us prepare for real danger, anxiety disorders involve the experience of a natural emotion at an inappropriate time and to an excessive degree. Sometimes there can be episodes of fear or worry in the absence of a genuine threat. Whether it’s a true emergency or a false alarm, anxiety disorders distort your perceptions and create uncomfortable bodily states including racing heart rate and shortness of breath. Most people try to avoid whatever triggers the anxiety which, outside of crisis management, actually makes it worse. Instead, it’s most helpful to identify what triggers your anxiety, your typical, distressful reactions and brainstorm alternative responses. The goal for reducing anxiety is learning how to tolerate the discomfort that comes from uncertainty and realistically assess the safety of a given situation. For example, your child may be very anxious about being stung by a bee, refusing to spend any time outside. You will have to work with her to go outdoors slowly, by increasing the minutes she successfully tolerates the fresh air each day. We want her to learn that she can worry about bee stings and live through her fear. She’ll likely need to create and use self-calming phrases such as “I don’t see any bees around me,” “Bees want pollen” or “A sting will hurt less than getting my ears pierced.” She’s learning to how to manage her anxiety and you are supporting her budding confidence. Whether your child or teen is dealing with nervousness or anxiety, they need to figure out a strategy for self-soothing. You won’t always be there to reassure them that things will be okay. Practice some phrases and calming behaviors outside of challenging situations so they’re familiar enough for kids to summon up when needed.
Dilated Cardiomyopathy is a pretty frightening word, and certainly not one you want to hear associated with the health of your beloved canine. This condition has been in the news a bit lately and can be especially worrisome to hear that certain forms of the condition may be related to diet. It’s worth taking a moment to understand the issue and what you as a pet parent can do to make sure the condition doesn’t affect your dogs. Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a condition in which the left ventricle of the heart becomes enlarged and weakened, leading to poor circulation, more extensive heart damage, and eventually heart failure. Though the condition is often hereditary when observed in dogs, an increasing number of cases have been observed in dogs without any known genetic predisposition. So what has been happening in the last few decades that may account for the increase in affected dogs? It turns out that, as with many modern illnesses in pets, diet may be to blame. In this case, grain-free kibble diets high in potato, pea, etc. starches. First a Bit About Taurine Taurine (aminoethane sulfonic acid) is an essential amino acid, meaning that, though the body may be able to produce small amounts of it on its own, the primary source needs to come from food. Taurine is especially essential because of how vital it is to heart health. It’s an important osmoregulator that stabilizes membranes and mitigates oxidative stress and contractile function. Taurine is also essential to eye health, insulin sensitivity, hearing function, and electrolyte balance. Luckily, taurine is found in high levels in heart and other muscle tissue, which are both often found in pet food. However, it absolutely matters how the meat is treated, and what else the food contains. Raw Food Preserves Intact Amino Acids In other Steve’s Real Food literature, you can read all of the science-y goodness about how and why amino acids are more bioavailable in raw pet food, but the basic idea is this: raw foods retain all of the natural unaltered amino acids in the food. Not only are the amino acids found in naturally high concentrations, but they are in their most basic and usable form, meaning that they are ready for your dog to use directly after digestion. Cooked foods simply do not have much (if any) actually usable amino acids present, after undergoing the high heat process that most kibbles endure. Though many foods include supplemental taurine, it will still never be as good as the real, straight-from-the-source taurine found in raw meats. Starches Can Prevent Amino Acid Absorption Grain-free kibble needs some kind of starch to hold the doughy mixture together through processing, so many companies turned to alternative sources for starch, such as potatoes and peas. According to Dr. Karen Shaw Becker, a possible link between low taurine absorption and high-starch content may be related to a “chemical reaction (called the Maillard Reaction) between taurine and a carbohydrate during the extrusion process that depletes the digestible taurine level in the food”. The high heat processing that causes the interaction of carbohydrates and amino acids also promotes the proliferation of gut bacteria that can further inhibit the absorption and recycling of taurine. So basically, the high carbohydrate content in the food and the high heat process the food undergoes lowers the amount of taurine in the food and makes it harder for your pet to absorb what taurine is present. Ways to Ensure Your Pet Has Adequate Taurine in Their Diet Though we will always recommend raw feeding above all, we realize that this is not ideal for everyone. Luckily, there are ways to add taurine into your pet’s diet, no matter what you choose to feed. Try any of the following methods to make sure your pet has a healthy intake of taurine: - Avoid foods that are high in starches including grains, potatoes, legumes (such as peas or beans), or tapioca - Avoid foods that are processed (extruded) at very high heat; a “lightly baked” or equivalent is a better bet if you are not able to do raw food - Add raw muscle meats (especially heart) into your pet’s current nutritionally balanced diet - Look for pet foods that have supplemental taurine added into the recipe - Add a can or two of canned fish to your pet’s diet per week - Add raw goat milk into your pet’s diet—try our enhance line of products, all made with raw goat milk Taurine is especially high in the following foods, so try to incorporate them into your pet’s diet! Raw is always best, but if you must feed these foods cooked, make sure they are as minimally processed as possible. Remember that variety is the key! - And other animal muscle meats Becker, K. S. (2018, July 9). Are Dogs With DCM Taurine-Deficient? Retrieved from https://healthypets.mercola.com/sites/healthypets/archive/2018/07/09/link-between-dog-food-taurine-deficiency-and-dcm.aspx Lourenco R, Camilo ME: Taurine: a conditionally essential amino acid in humans? An overview in health and disease. Nutr Hosp. 2002, 17: 262-70. Yu, H., Guo, Z., Shen, S., & Shan, W. (2016). Effects of taurine on gut microbiota and metabolism in mice. Amino Acids, 48(7), 1601-1617. doi:10.1007/s00726-016-2219-y
In 1910 Roald Amundsen set off from Oslo toward the North Pole but soon received word that two Americans—Frederick Cook and Robert Peary—each claimed to have reached the Pole ahead of him. Devastated, Amundsen famously went south. For years Cook and Peary tried to convince the world of their claims. Finally the National Geographic Society endorsed Peary, and the matter seemed settled. In May 1926 an American airman, Richard Byrd, flew north in a three-engine plane, and returned with a log showing that he had flow exactly over the geographical North Pole, becoming the third man to reach that mythical spot. National Geographic again supported the claim. However, it is now obvious that Peary claimed distances he could not possibly have achieved, and it is doubtful that Cooke, who had a history of fraud, ever got even close to the pole. Byrd flew further north than anyone before, but he did not have the fuel to have made the journey he claimed—his log was falsified. Just three days after Byrd’s flight, Amundsen reenters the story on an airship traveling across the pole from Svalbard to Alaska, unknowingly passing directly over the pole, becoming the true first to reach it—just as he had been the first at the South Pole. The Great Polar Fraud explores the history of the three men who claimed the pole, their claims, and the subsequent doubts of those claims, effectively rewriting the history of polar exploration and putting Amundsen center stage as the rightful conqueror of both poles.
(This article is sponsored by Copeman Healthcare.) By Amra Dizdarevic, Nurse Practitioner Just because something is legal doesn’t mean it’s healthy. There’s a common misconception that because cannabis is natural—and now legal—it’s also somehow safe. Recent studies show that there’s a growing number of people who aren’t aware of the risks and long-term consequences of using cannabis. Unfortunately, one of the groups most susceptible to lasting damage from cannabis use is also the demographic that uses it the most—adolescents. With legalization in Canada, it’s never been more important to educate adolescents that natural and legal do not mean healthy or safe. Cannabis use is on the rise Canadian adolescents have the highest rate of cannabis use in the developed world. For example, 28 percent of Canadian children aged 11 to 15 admitted to using cannabis at least once in the past year, compared to just 17 percent in the weed-friendly Netherlands. Studies show that when perception of cannabis's risk drops, use of the drug rises quickly. In Canada, the perceived dangers of cannabis have been declining over the last decade. In 2014, less than 40 percent of high school seniors said they believed regular cannabis use was risky, the lowest it’s been since the 1970s. Perhaps unsurprisingly, cannabis use among Canadian adolescents has also been on the rise over the past few decades. Based on the Canadian Community Health Survey, use by Canadians aged 15 years and older almost doubled between 1985 and 2015. There’s also a sizable portion of the nation’s youth who use cannabis on a frequent basis. According to a recent study by the Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse, 10 percent of grade 12 students smoke cannabis every day. Effects of cannabis on the adolescent brain The brain continues to develop until the age of 25 or 26. During this period of neurodevelopment, the brain is thought to be particularly sensitive to damage from drug exposure, making adolescents uniquely susceptible to lasting damage from cannabis use. The last region of the brain to fully develop is the prefrontal cortex, which is critical to planning and judgment. Regular cannabis use during the developmental period has been shown to impair this section of the brain and its functions, such as attention, memory, motor coordination, learning, and decision-making. Numerous studies have associated regular use with a bleak set of life outcomes. These include poor academic performance, increased welfare dependence, greater unemployment, addiction, lower life satisfaction, and achievement. What’s the solution? If we want to see a decline in adolescent cannabis use, schools, parents, and health-care providers all have a responsibility to communicate the risks associated with the plant. Speaking to your children early and often about the hazards of cannabis is key to creating awareness. Ask about their friends and whether they are using cannabis, and then explore your child’s beliefs about it and whether they would use it if offered. Need help broaching the subject? The physicians and nurse practitioners at Copeman Healthcare can offer guidance on this important topic. Copeman Healthcare’s Copeman Kids (CK) for newborns to age 17 and the Young Adults Prevention Program (YAPP) for ages 18 to 24 are designed to create a path to lasting wellness.
Education is important along with other activities these days, where students are devoting their more time in studying along with playing games and goes outing with their friends. For doing such things they are devoting less time in important subjects and concentrating more on other subjects. They should go for some tricks which will help them to manage their time properly by concentrating on each and every subject. Whystudents should move for such tricks? Students should move for tricks because it will help them to concentrate on the difficult subjects more rather than looking for minor subjects. Apart from that they will learn how to manage the time between playing, outing and other activities. They will design such kind of plan where they can put each work on high priority without ignoring other task. It is better for students to move for such kind of tricks where they canÂ divide the time for each work and concentrate more on study part. Tricks helpful for students for studying every subject There are some important tricks which need to be considered by students to manage their time properly among different subjects. Students can make a plan properly first as which task need to be given more preference and which work should be done later. In other words we can say that, students should consider important work like studying should be taken at top priority and consider the less important work like playing and outing later. Students have to make the proper schedule where they can allot different time for different activities.Â They should allot their time after school hours as how much time they should give for study and to which subjects. Like they have total 7 subjects in their course they should make plan in such a way where they can take up one subject every day for study. In this way they can devote their time to every subject. Students should also make flexible plan where in which they can allot more than one subject or three subjects accordingly to their need. If in a particular day student has done his study for the entire subject then in that case he may go for other subjects too which need to be taken into consideration for other days. There should be flexibility in plan which can be changed according to the conditions of the students. Students should make new plan every Monday where the last week plan should be modify in the better way, so that instead of concentrating on single subjects everyday students should revise each and every subject for 10 â€“ 10 minutes each day.Â Then next Monday student can make plan in such away where he takes important subjects only for whole week. This way he can manage their time properly by concentrating on each and every subject. Student should avoid studying with friends as they will not let them to study according to their plan.Â They will not provide motivation as they will study less and talk more without concentrating on study. Thus it is better for students that they should not disclose their important information to their friends which hinder their growth and make their mind divert so that they will not concentrate on study. Student should make up the plan in suchwhere they keep Sunday as the revision day for all subjects. He should only allot 60 minutes a day in all over Sunday where he should revise every subject for a minute and spend few more minutes to recall the previous topic study by them. In this way student can take up their study task in the better way. These are some special tricks which should be designed for the students where they can divide their subjects accordingly along with taking other activities too. In some cases students have no time to plan such activities; in this case they can take the help from online tutors who will do their task in the best manner by preparing the plan properly. They divide all subjects properly so that students can revise every subject properly each day or according to plan designed. What other tricks can be taken by students? Students can also move for 10 secrets to make understanding of difficult subjects easier. In this students can come across with 10 main secrets where they can make their task easier in terms of difficult subjects.Â Students will have to prepare the proper schedule where they can list down the important subjects which are difficult for them. They should note the important areas where they are lacking and makes the notes of concepts and equations which are not followed by them. If students will note in writing which part is important and which areas to be considered first, then he can sum up difficult subjects easily. I want to share one of my experiences when I was in school.Â Due to my tuitions and other activities, I was able to devote less time in major subjects and more time in easy subjects as they can be easily done. Then I plan such types of tricks which makes my task easier. I have also approach tutors for their help who make my work in an easy way by allotting different subjects per day so that I can concentrate on each subject separately. Thus in the end I want to conclude that students should learn these tricks nicely so that they will not going to face any kind of problem in future. They will also learn about time management as how to manage the time in the best way so that students can divide their work and study accordingly without ignoring both aspects.
Training is of great importance to have strong and toned muscles so it is important for twho exercises to plan an adequate routine that allows them to progress adequately. But in order to achieve good results, not only is it sufficient to train, it is also necessary to have an adequate diet, not having excess fat and with the amount of calories and nutrients necessary for the proper functioning of the body. It is necessary that the people who are going to begin to train or are training, make change as far as food and choose a suitable diet that allows having better progress and the energy necessary to be able to train of suitable form. Therefore many people who are training usually have a personal trainer and assist a nutritionist who guides them in an appropriate way. Many people despite the fact that they train making the mistake of consuming much greasy, excess calories and carbohydrates so that they can not lose weight or tone their muscles; This mistake is very common in people who train, as well as there are people who consume sweets in excess so their progress is affected. Protein is very necessary for anyone who wants to have proper nutrition at the time of training; so many athletes often include protein in their diet plan. It is also necessary to understand that hydration plays a very important role for the people who are training; during training the body usually spends a lot of fluids, so it is necessary to consume adequate water. Water also helps improve the digestion of people Importance of good nutrition in training As mentioned above, the diet is very important at the time of training, there is a saying that says you are equal that the food that you eat, more than an athlete or a person in person disciplined train, if you do not have very good food will not achieve the appropriate result. The people that have a proper nutrition is an important part of all training so the diet is fundamental and according to the goal that the people would want get , slimming or gaining muscle mass. In fact, the diet is so important that many people who begin a training usually hire a nutritionist who develops a diet plan that allows consuming the amount of nutrients necessary for the proper performance of the body and obtain the energy needed to allow the best performance during the time to do the training. Such is the importance of nutrition that in sports such as baseball, soccer or basketball, the great teams usually hire nutritionists who design diets to strengthen the muscles of athletes and help prevent injuries. Protein, fiber and carbohydrate As mentioned, having a correct balance between the proteins, fibers and carbohydrates consumed is very necessary. There is a great variety of food that is a source of protein, such as fish, meat, chicken, milk and eggs; this food are rich in protein so they are often consumed by athlete and especially by bodybuilder. Fiber is very necessary for proper digestion, such as peanuts, nuts, oats and vegetables, are sources of fiber that will help keep your stomach healthy. As for carbohydrates even though you should not overeat are also necessary, since they give you energy to train, as is the case, pasta, brown rice, quinoa, certain energy drinks. It is necessary that every athlete is clear that meals close to bedtime should be soft foods because at bedtime the body is at rest and not burn the sufficient calories. Conclusion on diet in training Feeding is a very important factor when the people are training, helps with good performance, muscle development and staying at an adequate weight. It is necessary for everyone who is training to have a nutritional plan with foods that are beneficial to their health and their training.
American youth live in an environment saturated with media. They enjoy increasing access to television, movies, music, games, websites, and advertising—often on pocket-size devices. Given the prominent and growing role that media plays in the lives of U.S. children and adolescents, what effects do these conditions have on their health and well-being? Behavioral scientist Steven Martino explored these very issues on an episode of WQED Pittsburgh's iQ: smartparent titled “Tune In, Tune Out.” Martino sat down with host Angela Santomero, best known as the creator of the children's television show Blue's Clues, and shared some interesting research findings on this topic: - The more sexual content that kids see on television, the earlier they initiate sexual activity, the more likely they are to regret their early sexual experiences, and the more likely they are to have an unplanned teen pregnancy. - There is a strong causal connection between youth exposure to violence in the media and violent or aggressive behavior and thoughts. - Kids are exposed to nearly 300 alcohol commercials per year. Similarly, more than 80 percent of movies depict alcohol use. - The motives movie characters convey for smoking can adversely affect adolescents' real-world smoking risk. Turning to Martino, Santomero joked, “Thank you so much for scaring us.” Given these findings, the situation does sound daunting. However, Martino offered concrete solutions for concerned parents. “You're not going to be able to keep your kids from seeing these things, so you should start having conversations with them very early on.” First, they can restrict how much media their kids, particularly young children, consume. This may mean limiting television hours or internet access. “We'd like to keep [kids] from being exposed to some of [this media] that we know [is] harmful,” Martino said. He went on to acknowledge that this isn't always easy, “especially [for] older teens who have smartphones, who have easy access to the internet all the time, who have friends who have access to these things as well.” The key, then, is establishing clear lines of communication between kids and parents: “You're not going to be able to keep them from seeing these things, so you should start having conversations with them very early on. There are a lot of good resources for topics of conversation on websites like Common Sense Media. They provide fantastic analysis of all of the shows and music that are out there and suggest topics for conversation.” Finally, Martino stressed the need for future research to examine the effects of social media, particularly platforms such as YouTube that combine mass media and content with interpersonal influence (e.g., comment sections, forums, etc.).
These models are currently on display at Jet Age Museum, Staverton, Gloucestershire GL2 9QL courtesy of Mr Robin Kilminster. Designed with an open ash-framed fuselage, the XI became the first heavier than air vehicle to cross the English Channel on 25 July 1909 . In August 1909 Bleriot took another XI to a World air speed record of 46mph and in 1910 Italian examples became the first aircraft to go into combat. The Royal Flying Corps received its first Bleriot XIs in 1912 and used them for bombing, observation and training duties in the opening stages of the Great War. In fact on 4 August 1914 Bleriots were part of the first military force to leave Britain other than by sea when 60 aircraft of 2,3,4 and 5 squadrons of the Royal Flying Corps took off from Dover and flew to Bologne, following the coast to the mouth of the Somme and then upstream to Amiens. However, en route to Dover from Netheravon, Wiltshire, a Bleriot flown by Lieutenant Robert Skene with Air Mechanic Raymond Barlow seated behind him crashed on take off, the two dead men becoming the first casualties of the British Expeditionary Force. MORAINE SAULNIER TYPE N First flown on 22 July 1914, the Type N entered French military service in April 1915 as the MS 5C.1 and later equipped four Royal Flying Corps squadrons as the MS Bullet, the name deriving from the large metal “casserole” propeller spinner which in fact did little to improve streamlining but deflected air from the Le Rhone rotary engine, causing it to overheat. The Type N was armed with a single machine gun firing through the propeller arc and used metal plates on the inside of the blades to deflect bullets. This model represents one of the Type Ns exported to Imperial Russia and carries the Adam’s Head (skull and crossbones) markings of pilot Ivan Smirnov’s unit. A Sesquiplane – or “one and a half winger”, the Nieuport 17 – first flown in January 1916 – had a lower wing thinner than the one above. This made it agile but tended to disintegrate in steep dives. SPAD S VII The first of a series of successful biplane fighters, the S VII was designed for Societe Pour L’Aviation et ses Derives (SPAD) by Marc Birkight of Switzerland around a Hispano-Suiza V8 automobile engine. First flown in April 1916, technical and sub-contracting issues meant that it did not reach the front in large numbers until 1917 when new tactics evolved around its speed and diving ability. This example – now preserved in France – is in the French yellow camouflage used until that year and was at one time flown by ace pilot Georges Guynemer who considered the aircraft a steady mount for its Vickers machine gun synchronised to the propeller. SPAD S XIII Building on the strength of the S VII, the S XIII first flew on 4 April 1917 armed with two Vickers machine guns and an uprated Hispano-Suiza engine. Also one of the most-produced Allied aircraft, this model is the mount of Captain Eddie Rickenbacker of the US 94th Aero Squadron, America’s leading fighter pilot of the Great War.
The overall warming of Earth's northern half could result in cold winters, new research shows. The shrinking of sea-ice in the eastern Arctic causes some regional heating of the lower levels of air -- which may lead to strong anomalies in atmospheric airstreams, triggering an overall cooling of the northern continents, according to a study recently published in the Journal of Geophysical Research. "These anomalies could triple the probability of cold winter extremes in Europe and northern Asia," says Vladimir Petoukhov, lead author of the study and climate scientist at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. "Recent severe winters like last year's or the one of 2005-06 do not conflict with the global warming picture, but rather supplement it." The researchers base their assumptions on simulations with an elaborate computer model of general circulation, ECHAM5, focusing on the Barents-Kara Sea north of Norway and Russia where a drastic reduction of ice was observed in the cold European winter of 2005-06. Those surfaces of the sea lacking the ice cover lose a lot of warmth to the normally cold and windy arctic atmosphere. What the researchers did was to feed the computer with data, gradually reducing the sea ice cover in the eastern Arctic from 100 percent to 1 percent in order to analyse the relative sensitivity of wintertime atmospheric circulation. "Our simulations reveal a rather pronounced nonlinear response of air temperatures and winds to the changes of sea-ice cover," Petoukhov, a physicist, says. "It ranges from warming to cooling to warming again, as sea ice decreases." An abrupt transition between different regimes of the atmospheric circulation in the sub-polar and polar regions may be very likely. Warming of the air over the Barents-Kara Sea seems to bring cold winter winds to Europe. "This is not what one would expect," Petoukhov says. "Whoever thinks that the shrinking of some far away sea-ice won't bother him could be wrong. There are complex teleconnections in the climate system, and in the Barents-Kara Sea we might have discovered a powerful feedback mechanism." Other approaches to the issue of cold winters and global warming referring to reduced sun activity or most recently the gulf stream "tend to exaggerate the effects," Petoukhov says. The correlation between these phenomena and cold winters is relatively weak, compared to the new findings referring to the processes in the Barents-Kara Sea. Petoukhov also points out that during the cold winter of 2005-06 with temperatures of ten degrees below the normal level in Siberia, no anomalies in the north Atlantic oscillation have been observed. These are fluctuations in the difference of atmospheric pressure between the Icelandic low and the Azores high which are commonly associated with temperature anomalies over Europe. But temperatures in the eastern arctic were up to 14 degrees above normal level. However, distinct anomalies in the north Atlantic oscillation could interact with sea-ice decrease, the study concludes. One could amplify the other and more anomalies would be the result. Petoukhov's study is not about tomorrow's weather forecast but about longtime probabilities of climate change. "I suppose nobody knows," he says, "how harsh this year's winter will be." Cite This Page:
By definition, all NPs assess, diagnose, treat, and manage acute episodic conditions and chronic illnesses, regardless of the patient population they are certified to care for. This has left some to wonder, then, what is the difference between an FNP (family nurse practitioner) and ACNP (acute care nurse practitioner)? The short answer is that as primary care providers, FNPs typically work in clinics and other outpatient settings where they may provide treatment to people with acute conditions, as long as the condition is not life-threatening and the patient’s health is not deteriorating. In contrast, ACNPs are found in emergency rooms, inpatient hospitals and ICUs where they deal specifically with treating acute conditions that very often are life-threatening. Still, there’s a lot more to the story than that¦ Simplification Under the Consensus Model ¦ All NPs Need a Patient Population Focus All NPs are experts in health promotion, disease prevention, and treating the whole person. They all have the training to diagnose and treat medical conditions, order and interpret tests, prescribe medications, teach and counsel patients, and often serve as independent providers. But not all NPs are certified and licensed to care for the same patient populations in the same settings. An NP population focus is where the road splits and NPs become experts with patients in specific age ranges and stages of life. Some of the most popular APRN certifications have undergone changes as the certifying agencies that offer these credentials move to align their certificate options with the APRN Consensus Model, a model for regulation that seeks to achieve national uniformity in APRN certification and education, among other things. The APRN Consensus Model undoubtedly put the advanced practice nursing profession on the right track toward uniformity and simplification. Among many other things, the Consensus Model addressed the lack of common definitions for APRN roles and population foci. Of course, under the Model, NPs are identified as one of the four APRN roles (along with nurse anesthetists, nurse-midwives, and clinical nurse specialists) and are required to hold national certification in one or more of six patient population foci: - Family/Individual Across the Lifespan - Women’s Health/Gender-Related - Psychiatric/Mental Health Retiring Certifications Without a Population Focus¦ and Introducing New Ones As a result, certification agencies began to retire certifications that didn’t feature one of the defined population foci, and introduced new certifications that did. One of the biggest changes was felt when the American Nurses Credentialing Center’s (ANCC) Acute Care Nurse Practitioner (ACNP) exam was retired as a primary certification because it did not focus on a specific patient population, but only identified a specialty area (acute care). This means you can pretty much forget about the ACNP cert since it is no longer available and only those grandfathered in with the old credential still identify themselves exclusively as ACNPs. The ANCC also retired its Adult Nurse Practitioner (ANP-BC) exam and its Gerontological Nurse Practitioner (GNP) exam in response to the Consensus Model’s new patient population focus definitions, which combined the adult and gerontology patient population classifications into one: Adult-Gerontology. This was done because changing demographics have forced the nursing community to address the needs of a growing geriatric patient population. These three popular certifications were, however, replaced with the Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner (AGACNP-BC) certification to reflect the newly minted adult-gerontology population focus. The ANCC also introduced the Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioner (AGPCNP-CP) certification for NPs interested in serving in a primary care role. Similarly, the American Association of Critical Care Nurses retired its Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Certification (ACNPC) – Adult and introduced the Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Certification – Adult-Gerontology (ACNPC-AG). To make things even more interesting, dual role (Family NP/Adult-Gerontological Acute Care NP) graduate programs have since become widely available, allowing nurse practitioner students to prepare for both types of certification through the same program at the same time. Changes in Population Focus Meant Changes to Scope of Practice Since the FNP’s scope of practice doesn’t include care for patients with acute or chronic illnesses in deteriorating or life-threatening conditions, the AG-ACNP is the go-to credential for NPs looking to serve adult patients in areas like emergency rooms, trauma units, and intensive care units. Now, only NPs certified to care for a narrower population focus – the adult-gerontology and pediatric patient populations – can select acute care as part of their primary certification. As expected, these changes brought about quite a bit of confusion, leading many aspiring NPs to question the differences between the seemingly similar FNP (Family Nurse Practitioner), AG-ACNP (Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner), and AG-PCNP (Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioner) titles. The Real Question is What is the Difference Between FNP, AG-ACNP, and AG-PCNP Here’s an overview of these three NPs: - The FNP population focus is primary care for family/individuals across the lifespan (infants to older adults), and may include dealing with acute or chronic conditions that are not life threatening. - The AG-ACNP and AG-PCNP have one population focus: adults ages 13 years and older (young, middle, and older adults, including the frail elderly). - The AG-ACNP cares for adults with complex disease states those with new acute conditions or acute exacerbations of chronic conditions. - The AG-PCNP diagnoses and treats episodic illnesses and chronic diseases in adult and geriatric patients. The APRN Consensus Model outlines clear distinctions between the FNP, the AG-ACNP, and the AG-PCNP: The Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) Today’s FNPs provide patient-focused primary care to individuals across the lifespan. Their focus includes delivering preventive healthcare services for both acute and chronic conditions. Therefore, their scope of practice includes diagnosing and treating illnesses, performing routine checkups, health-risk assessments, immunization and screening tests, and counseling services. FNPs are certified and licensed to treat patients of all ages. They very often care for their own patients, although it also not uncommon for them to co-manage their care with other specialists. The term family means that FNPs care for individuals throughout their lifespan from the antepartum period to infancy, childhood, and adolescence and the adult lifespan. FNPs often provide prenatal and postnatal care to mother and baby. It is common for FNPs to collaborate with healthcare and social service professionals in numerous settings, such as schools, workplaces, and community-based organizations. FNPs often provide primary care services in community-based settings to the most underserved and vulnerable populations. Although FNPs, like other NPs, are nationally certified and licensed according to the populations they serve, these APRNs are employed in many settings, including private practices, local health departments, VA outpatient clinics, urgent care centers, and retail clinics. Job opportunities remain strong for FNPs because of their ability to work in a spectrum of clinical settings. FNPs manage acute episodic problems and manage long-term stable chronic diseases. They often specialize their careers in areas like cardiology, neurology, dermatology, endocrinology, women’s health and orthopedics. FNP graduates are eligible to take the family nurse practitioner examinations offered by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) and the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners Certification Board (AANPCB). Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner (AG-ACNP) Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioners (AG-ACNPs) provide care to adults and older adults with complex conditions in acute care and hospital settings. The patient population for AG-ACNPs includes young adults (13+), adults, and older adults, and competencies are based on patient care needs. Their work involves stabilizing patients, providing complex monitoring, ordering and interpreting diagnostic tests, and developing complex treatment plans designed to maximize the health of their patients and prevent complications. They work with patients who are acutely ill (often times with multiple, complex problems), or are highly vulnerable to complications. AG-ACNPs usually work in trauma units, sub-acute care units, emergency rooms, and intensive care units (CICU, MICU, SICU). Their job involves close collaborations with physicians and specialists. In addition to diagnosing and treating medical conditions, ACNPs often provide direct patient management from the time of admission to the time of discharge. It is also typical for these nursing professionals to follow patients to the outpatient setting to ensure their transitional needs are met. Because of the large Baby Boomer population, ACNPs are in high-demand. Their expertise allows them to work in many specialty areas, such as nephrology, cardiology, neurology, and surgery. AG-ACNP graduates are eligible to take the adult-gerontology acute care nurse practitioner examinations offered by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) and the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Corporation. Adult-Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioner (AG-PCNP) The AG-PCNP provides care to adults across the lifespan starting in adolescence, at the age of 13. Similar to FNPs, AG-PCNPs emphasize high-quality, cost-effective care that focuses on disease prevention and health promotion. Counseling, in the form of teaching individuals and their families about maintaining their health and preventing disease, is an important part of the AG-PCNP’s role. In addition to diagnosing and treating acute and episodic illnesses and diseases in adults, the AG-PCNP often orders diagnostic testing, collaborates with other healthcare providers, prescribes medications, and refers patients to appropriate specialists. Different from the FNP, who focuses on patients across the lifespan to include infants, women’s care (including pre- and post-partum care), and children, the AG-PCNP has the added value of being focused on adolescent and geriatric health, including palliative and end-of-life care. They often specialize in an area within adult medical care, such as cardiovascular care, oncology, HIV/AIDS, diabetes, and pulmonary care. AG-PCNP graduates are eligible to take the adult-gerontology primary care nurse practitioner examinations offered by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) and the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners Certification Board (AANPCB). Comparing Salary, Job Outlook, Duties, Settings, Qualifications and Training And the differences between FNPs, and adult-gerontology NPs in either acute or primary care don’t stop with differences in the age and gender of the patients they see and the related scope of practice. The population focus an NP chooses can also affect everything from daily job duties, working hours and work setting, to salary and job outlook. Differences in the kinds of hours FNPs, AG-ACNPs, and AG-PCNPs work depends largely on the setting in which they work. NPs in acute care, because they tend to work in settings like emergency rooms and trauma units, usually have non-traditional work hours that require them to be available to meet the demands of the hospital based on peak emergency hours and unforeseen emergencies. Ordinarily, FNPs, who generally work in primary care outpatient settings, enjoy traditional work hours that mirror doctor office hours. Adult-gerontology NPs in primary care also most often enjoy standard doctor’s office hours; however, those that work in nursing homes and other long-term care settings may work irregular hours. Still, both FNPs and adult-gerontology NPs in primary care can also be certified to work in emergency medicine where they’ll more often work in urgent care settings, though this is less common. Duties and Responsibilities FNP – Family nurse practitioners deliver primary healthcare to individuals across the lifespan (pediatrics to older adults), with an emphasis on family-centered preventive care. Their expertise lies in working with a variety of patients to manage any number of health conditions at various stages of life. In these settings their job duties and responsibilities include: - Diagnosing and managing acute and chronic conditions that are not immediately life-threatening - Promoting healthy lifestyles through education and counseling - Managing patients with chronic health issues Clinical practice for FNPs includes making referrals to specialists, collaborating with other healthcare professionals, and consultation. They are trusted advocates in a constantly changing healthcare environment, and their broad knowledge base makes them widely adaptable, capable of applying theory and research in practice, and developing and implementing nursing strategies that assure quality of care. AG-ACNP – Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioners (AG-ACNP) care for acutely ill patients in acute care settings emergency rooms and trauma units. Their focus is solely on caring for the adult population (young, middle, and older adults, ages 13 and older) with complex diseases. Their expertise lies in providing advanced acute and chronic care services to adults and the elderly, often in high-acuity settings where patient care requirements are complex. In addition to managing patient care, AG-ACNPs are often required to implement invasive procedures to stabilize patients, which could include intubation. These APRNs diagnose and treat medical conditions and provide direct patient management from the time of admission to the time of discharge. In many states, they are allowed to both admit and discharge patients. They are called upon to collaborate with physicians and other members of the healthcare team to ensure comprehensive care to acutely ill patients, many of whom have multiple/complex conditions that are life threatening. AG-PCNP – Adult-gerontology primary care nurse practitioners (AG-PCNP) care for adult patients with acute and chronic illnesses in a primary care setting. Their emphasis is on health promotion, disease prevention, and the management of common acute illnesses and chronic health problems that are not immediately life threatening. They differ from the acute-care NP because their expertise lies in treating adult patients with stabilized chronic conditions. Many adult-gerontology NP programs emphasize providing care to, and advocating for, culturally diverse and high-risk populations. FNP – FNPs generally work in primary care practices including women’s health, family practice, pediatric, and internal medicine clinics. As such, they are often found in outpatient/ambulatory settings like independent and partner practice clinics and community health clinics. Their expertise also makes them valuable contributors to managed care organizations, businesses, and governmental agencies. AG-ACNP – AG-ACNPs assess and manage acutely ill patients in a variety of specialized units within the hospital, and beyond: - Emergency rooms - Trauma units - Intensive care units (ICU) - Acute/sub-acute wards - Specialty clinics (e.g., nephrology, neurology) Many NPs in acute care focus their careers on specific areas of medicine, such as critical care, emergency department/trauma, and cardio-pulmonary, neurosurgery, and oncology. Their expertise is also valued in post-acute settings, including rehabilitation units and cardiac step-down units. Although AG-ACNPs usually work in emergency/urgent care settings, they are also qualified to work in primary care. The role was developed not to limit them from working in certain settings, but to prepare them to care for patients with new, existing, or acute exacerbations of chronic conditions. AG-PCNP – In a primary care setting, AG-PCNPs provide broad, comprehensive clinical healthcare services to adults and their families. However, their job duties and responsibilities extend to consultation, collaboration, coordination, and specialist referral in a variety of settings, including: - Family practices - Internal medicine - Long-term care/skilled nursing facilities - Community clinics - Occupational health - Home care Qualifications and Training As state-licensed and nationally-certified advanced practice registered nurses, FNPs, AG-ACNPs, and AG-PCNPs are registered nurses (RNs) who earned a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN), Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP), or post-master’s certificate with an NP population focus. The national certification they hold in their respective patient population focus would be granted through one of four certifying bodies: - American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) - American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN) Certification Corporation. Salary and Job Outlook According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, the U.S. healthcare system will experience a shortfall of between 15,000 and 35,000 primary care physicians and a shortfall of between 37,000 and 60,000 physician specialists by 2025. As nurse practitioners are given greater autonomy under state laws that are coming into alignment with the APRN Consensus Model, this projected physician shortage and the continual push to bring down the cost of healthcare will contribute to a strong and growing demand for FNPs, AG-ACNPs, and AG-PCNPs for the foreseeable future. According to the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), this shortfall could be reduced by as much as two-thirds by 2020 with a 30 percent increase in the supply of NPs coming into the healthcare system. The HRSA also reports that if NPs and physician assistants were fully integrated into the U.S. healthcare system and allowed to practice to the full extent of their knowledge and training, by 2020 they would be able to handle as much as 28 percent of all primary care services provided in the U.S. According to May 2016 statistics from the U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the annual, average salary for nurse practitioners was $104,610, with the top 10 percent earning $140,930. Although the BLS does not differentiate between NPs in different patient population focus areas, it does break down annual salaries based on work setting. Acute-Care Providers – For example, NPs in specialty hospitals earned some of the highest annual salaries, averaging $117,120, as did NPs in general medical and surgical hospitals, who earned an average salary of $109,030. These top salaries are likely associated with AG-ACNPs, who usually work in these acute care settings. Primary Care Providers – This isn’t to say that AG-PCNPs and FNPs don’t enjoy great pay too, as the BLS reported that NPs working in outpatient care settings earned an annual salary of $107,160. NPs working in physicians’ offices earned an average of $103,030 in 2016, close to the annual average for NPs. NPs working outside of the clinical setting earned considerably more than their clinician-based counterparts. For example, NPs in consulting roles in the scientific and technical industries earned a salary of $132,010.
Scientists have discovered an unexpected fact about bird flu: It might be a sexually-transmitted disease, at least in ducks. And, just as unexpectedly, the key to transmission may be all about penis size and vagina "complexity." New Scientist reports on new research carried out by a team at Budapest's Eötvös Loránd University, which crossreferenced the love lives of ducks with outbreaks of bird flu, and found something surprising: When the researchers compared data on the prevalence of low-pathogenic bird flu strains in different duck species with what is known about the anatomy of duck reproductive parts and mating behaviour, they found that ducks with the smallest penises and tamest sex lives had the highest flu levels. "This is intriguing and a bit counter-intuitive because a long phallus prolongs copulation, and forced copulations characteristic to species with a large phallus should further promote virus transfer," says [head researcher Gergely] Hegyi. The reason behind this may come from the evolutionary process of female ducks, according to Hegyi: Long and elaborate vaginas may hinder unwanted fertilisation but may also make it difficult for viruses acquired during copulation to reach the site of egg formation. With this new information known, two new questions arise: Will this help scientists track the progress of avian flu, and perhaps more immediately, how quickly will someone come up with a joke about birdfucking? First evidence that bird flu is spread sexually [New Scientist]
Stije van der Beek Project: It's a child! By the age of four, a child knows whether it is a boy or girl, and starts to realize the differences between the sexes. Society forces children into distinctive gender roles with particular behavioral expectations for males and females. It is known that pink is for girls and blue is for boys, pink equals sweetness and blue equals being tough. Why do we impose these colors on children before they begin to even identify as boys or girls? Thesis: Walt's world; the American woman depicted in animation film In my thesis I research the position of women in Walt Disney's animated films. A search into sexism, stereotyping and thereby the image Walt Disney teaches young children.
Trees, landfills and the environment: How we're partnering with customers to address sustainability We sit down with senior portfolio manager, Dorothy Mashburn, at our Sustainability Solutions division to learn how its programs positively impact the environment and communities we serve. According to a recent article in Forbes, landfills in the U.S. are estimated to reach capacity by the year 20361. What is the Sustainability Solutions division doing to divert waste from landfills? Dorothy: In the last three years we’ve helped divert just shy of 40 million pounds of waste from landfills.2 We do this by safely reprocessing products which might typically be single-use. This allows them to be reused and extends the lifecycle of the product lines. The reprocessed devices are regulated for safety under the FDA in the U.S., and customers know they’re receiving a product which meets our quality standards. In addition to reprocessing, we partner with a waste-to-energy company to convert end-of-life devices from our Phoenix location into synthetic gas. Through this partnership we will divert around 25,000 lbs. per month of waste from the landfills. 75% of adults in the U.S. are particularly concerned about helping the environment3. Do you find this plays a role in a facility’s choice to partner with us? Dorothy: Yes. We make it simple. Our solutions help hospitals reduce waste through reprocessing and remanufacturing. Our Save Simply program increases the return on the partnership for our customers through streamlined ordering, which bundles the reprocessed devices with new devices. Save Simply offers the peace-of-mind that you’re making a choice which helps the environment, while also reducing supply expenses. Stryker recently donated more than 14,000 trees to the National Forest Foundation. Why? Dorothy: Our Products for the Planet program provides hospitals with the opportunity to contribute to the restoration of National Forests by achieving annual collection goals for certain single-use devices. We partner with the National Forest Foundation to plant trees in areas that are in the most need, based on environmental concerns. This past year the program grew over 22% and we are on track to plant 80,000 trees in 2019. How does your team bring together Stryker’s mission with the sustainability goals of healthcare providers? Dorothy: Our mission is to make healthcare better by working with our customers to make the world better for patients, caregivers, employees and the environment. Our customers told us they needed a way to reduce and reuse without sacrificing outcomes. We deliver solutions that address this need through reprocessing that puts quality first. SYK CORP 2019-06-07
Any procedure that involves the heart or a person’s heart rhythm comes with a risk of injury or death. Pacemaker implantation is one such procedure. Complications that arise from implanting a pacemaker usually aren’t attributed to product defects, negligence, or malpractice, but some are. In that situation, you may be able to bring a lawsuit against the responsible parties. Pacemaker implantation is a surgical procedure in which an electronic device is implanted into a patient’s chest to regulate electrical properties of the heart. It is typically placed right below the collarbone, with leads running through the large veins directly into the heart. The electrodes at the end of the leads send small levels of current to the heart to treat irregular heartbeats. When the heart falls out of rhythm, the pacemaker begins to work, regulating the heartbeat. If the heart rate is too slow, it is forced back into a regular rhythm, while if it’s too fast, the pacemaker monitors and collects information for doctors to review. Cardiologists recommend pacemakers to treat several heart conditions, including tachybrady syndrome (a heartbeat that is alternately too slow and too fast), bradycardia (slow heartbeat), and heart blocks (when the electrical signals are delayed or blocked). Of course, there are some inherent risks with pacemaker implantation procedures, as with any surgery. For example, risks like excessive bleeding and infection are present in most surgeries. In addition, during pacemaker implantation, there is also a risk that blood vessels will be damaged or that a pneumothorax (when air is trapped between the interior of the lung and the chest wall) will occur if the lung is punctured. However, doctors are typically prepared for those complications because they are common. Medical malpractice cases that involve pacemaker implantations hinge on medical professionals’ duty to provide patients with the accepted standard of care. If the standard of care is violated and a patient suffers injury as a result, a medical malpractice case may be brought against the responsible medical provider. Several complications may indicate that the standard of care has been breached. For example, suppose a surgeon punctures a patient’s lung or damages the heart during pacemaker implantation. In that case, it may be considered a breach, and the patient (or the family, if the patient dies) can sue for damages. If the pacemaker is implanted incorrectly, the patient may experience lightheadedness, fainting, and severe heart palpitations, affecting the patient’s recovery, ability to work, and daily life. Doctors who perform pacemaker implantation surgeries must monitor and react to the patient’s condition during the procedure. If an adverse symptom arises, the standard of care requires that the doctor recognize the condition and modify or cease the treatment appropriately. Failure to do so may be grounds for a medical malpractice lawsuit. Pacemaker implantation complications may also stem from defective devices. However, because there have been many defective pacemaker lawsuits, doctors have access to lists of brands and batches of pacemakers that have been found to be defective. They are required to confirm the device’s serial number, its fitness for use, and are forbidden to implant any device deemed defective. Failure to meet those requirements may result in a medical malpractice claim being filed, and in some cases, a product liability claim as well. Unfortunately, improper pacemaker implantation can also lead to death. In that situation, the victim's family may be able to sue for the wrongful death of their loved one. While most pacemaker implants go smoothly and patients’ conditions improve, giving them a better quality of life, some don’t. When complications happen during an implantation procedure, it may be the fault of a medical professional or a product defect. In those cases, you may be able to file a claim against the responsible healthcare provider or product manufacturer. Whether you believe you have a medical malpractice or product liability lawsuit, the experienced attorneys at Ross Feller Casey are qualified to help you with your case. We have successfully settled cases and won large, record-setting verdicts for clients just like you. So let us get in your corner and fight for your best interests. We offer free initial consultations where we will review your case and discuss your legal options. If we proceed with your claim, you will not have to pay until you obtain a financial recovery. Disclaimer: Ross Feller Casey, LLP provides legal advice only after an attorney-client relationship is formed. Our website is an introduction to the firm and does not create a relationship between our attorneys and clients. An attorney-client relationship is formed only after a written agreement is signed by the client and the firm. Because every case is unique, the description of awards and summary of cases successfully handled are not intended to imply or guarantee that same success in other cases. Ross Feller Casey, LLP represents catastrophically injured persons and their families in injury and wrongful death cases, providing legal representation in Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
Parasites are a lot of prevalent than we expect. Affecting travellers and non-travellers alike, they could rob us of energy and harm our biological process functions. Parasites occur not solely in developing countries or in people who have traveled extensively. 85 % of North Americans have a minimum of one kind of parasite and authorities believe that the accurate figure could also be as high as 95%. This implies nobody is totally immune from parasitic infestation. What precisely constitutes a parasite? A parasite is outlined as any organism that can live on, or inside the body of another organism. In humans, parasites can prey on our cells, the food we eat, and even on the supplements we tend to take. They vary in size from microscopic noncellular organisms to tapeworms that may be up to twelve metres long. No matter the size of the parasite, all could cause harm to the human body. Typical Symptoms and Possible Sources Parasites typically mimic different disorders or yield no noticeable symptoms in any respect. once they do cause symptoms, a large range could be displayed. the foremost common symptoms include: - gas, bloating, and cramps - rectal itchiness - persistent skin issues - dark circles beneath the eyes - feeling tired - disturbed sleep - muscle cramps - post-nasal drip Parasites could have an effect on tissue anywhere in the body. several disorders are related to them, including arthritis, appendicitis, weight issues, cancer, and epilepsy. Parasites could enter the blood, so that they are able to travel to any organ in the body. This could cause issues that are usually unrecognized as parasite-related and might lead to an incorrect diagnosis. Parasites cause harm not only once they prey on our cells, but also after they discharge their waste in our bodies. This waste then poisons the body and weakens the immune system. Parasites will enter the body through the mouth, the nose, or be absorbed through the skin. they’ll even be transmitted via insect carriers. Because exposure to those carriers may also cause a condition referred to as candida (an overgrowth of yeast within the enteric tract), candida and parasites usually tend to appear with each other. Parasites can survive in a non-healthy internal environment. For our intestinal tract and colon to remain healthy, there should be a balance of “bad” and “good” bacteria. Once the optimal quantitative relation (80:20) is disrupted, the intestinal setting becomes prone to parasite infestation. Factors that contribute the imbalance vary from chemicals such as antibiotics, steroids and others, to a diet too high in refined carbohydrates. So the question now is, how could we get rid of parasites and what can we do to stay safe? Our first recommendation is to always take care on what you eat. Another thing you can do is to take the right precautions when traveling to a destination that is known of “hosting” specific types of parasites. Lastly, ensure that you boost your immune system by having a balanced and nutritious diet!
By Andria Caruthers, Smith/Patterson Fellow What could ninjas and public health possibly have in common? Besides being pretty cool, both operate in similar ways. Ninjas battle the grimy and unsavory characters that threaten an unaware public. Their actions are mostly unseen and usually, you only notice them if something goes wrong. Equipped with the right tools and weapons, public health defends the public in the same way. Vaccines have been one of the most powerful and effective weapons used to defend the public’s health. Heard of anyone suffering from scurvy lately? Polio? Probably not. Just a few decades ago diseases like polio and scurvy brought illness, death, and havoc on populations. They are so uncommon in America now, that those decades of disease have been essentially wiped from the public’s memory. How do vaccines work, anyway? You can think of vaccines as effective, tiny con artists. The little tricksters are injected into the body as a weakened version of a specific germ (i.e. polio), but our body’s defense system is having none of it! Once in the body, the immune system responds by sending in the ninjas – the skilled attackers that are made to defeat this specific germ. If the actual, big bad germ ever enters the body, the immune system will remember its first battle with the con artists and send in the same ninjas to destroy the infection. And just like that, you never even knew you were in danger. That’s why doctors, nurses and other public health leaders say it is so important to have kids vaccinated. Their little bodies have not had the chance to build up defenders to the countless germs they encounter. With vaccinated kids and adults, we can stop individual disease and the spread of some rather nasty, killer germs. In public health, it’s often those little things you can’t see that make the big difference: the handy tools and weapons public health professionals rely on to protect us from unseen threats and the unsung achievements made on the public’s behalf. Once you think about it, drawing comparisons between public health and ninjas isn’t far-fetched at all. It simply comes down to ending threats and having the skill to respond, something public health (and ninjas) have been doing for centuries. Stay tuned for more insight on vaccines next week…
technical article from Lowrance What Is GPS? The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a space age navigational system that can pinpoint your position anywhere on the globe, usually within a few yards or meters. This amazing technology is available to everyone, everywhere, day and night, and best of all, at no cost for use of the navigational data. GPS uses a constellation of 24 satellites in precise orbits approximately 11,000 miles above the earth. The satellites transmit data via high frequency radio waves back to Earth and, by locking onto these signals, a GPS receiver can process this data to triangulate its precise location on the globe. GPS operates 24 hours a day, in all weather conditions, and can be used worldwide for precise navigation on land, on water and even in the air. Some of its many current applications include: boating, fishing, hunting, scouting on land or from the air, hiking, camping, biking, rafting, pack trips by horseback, hot air ballooning, general aviation, snowmobiling and skiing, search and rescue, emergency vehicle tracking, 4 wheeling, highway driving and a host of other outdoor activities where accurate positioning is required. How GPS Determines Your Position satellite ranging to triangulate your position. In other words, the GPS unit simply measures the travel time of the signals transmitted from the satellites, then multiplies them by the speed of light to determine exactly how far the unit is from every satellite it's sampling. By locking onto the signals from a minimum of three different satellites, a GPS receiver can calculate a 2D (two-dimensional) positional fix, consisting of your latitude and longitude. By locking onto a fourth satellite, the GPS can compute a 3D (three-dimensional) fix, calculating your altitude as well as your latitude/longitude position. In order to do this Lowrance uses a 12 parallel-channel receiver in all of its current products. Three of the channels lock on to satellites for triangulation. Another channel locks on to a fourth satellite for 3D navigation, which lets the unit calculate altitude in addition to latitude and longitude. These four channels continuously and simultaneously track the four satellites in the best geometrical positions relative to you. The additional eight channels track all other visible satellites, then add this data to the data from the original four satellites. The unit then over-resolves a solution, creating an accuracy-enhanced reading. The additional channels also ensure reliable, continuous and uninterrupted navigation, even in adverse conditions such as valleys or dense woods. GPS was conceived in the 1970s, and is controlled by the United States Department of Defense. Although GPS was initially envisioned for military use, the Government realized early on that there would be numerous civilian applications as well. Subsequently, the Department of Defense (DOD) created two transmission codes; the P code (Precision code) for military use, and the C/A code (Civilian Access code) for civilian use. The highest accuracy levels were to be reserved for the military so as to prevent hostile enemy attacks against the U.S. using our own navigational system. However, once in operation, the civilian GPS receivers using the C/A code proved to be more accurate than the DOD had intended. Consequently, the military developed a system for randomly degrading the accuracy of the signals being transmitted to civilian GPS receivers. This intentional degradation in accuracy is called Selective Availability or S/A. This reduced the civilian GPS accuracy levels to being within 100 meters or less, 95% of the time. However, typical accuracy for most users averaged between 20 and 50 meters the majority of the time. You could easily see the effects of S/A on a GPS receiver when you were not moving. Typically, there would be random movements in speed, altitude and position readings, along with slow position "wandering" on the plotter trail. This was easily seen when you were on a .1 or .2 mile zoom range and not moving. For example, while parked at the dock in your boat, you would see unexplainable changes in your digital speed readings up to a few miles per hour, even though you were not moving. Plot of position accuracy using standard Lowrance GPS receiver (stationary). Note the differences in scale. 5.5 hour period immediately prior to shutoff of selective availability 8 hour period immediately after shutoff of selective availability longitude meters \| longitude meters Effective May 2, 2000 selective availability (S/A) has been eliminated. The United States Department of Defense now has the technology to localize the control system to deny GPS signals to selected areas. It is not often that your electronics products increase in value after you've purchased them. Now boaters, aviators, drivers, hikers, hunters, and outdoor enthusiasts of all types can locate their position up to ten times more precisely (within 10 to 20 meters) and navigate their way through unfamiliar terrain. Anglers can now return to their favorite spot on a lake or river instead of just their favorite area. A Lowrance GPS receiver in combination with advanced technology of today's GPS management will take you anywhere you want to go. The decision to allow civilians so much accuracy in location information was finally made because GPS is continually playing a more important role in the lives of people around the world - it's becoming a national utility. GPS is the global standard in navigation because it is completely free of charge to the Differential GPS (DGPS) Differential GPS, or DGPS, has been developed to improve GPS accuracy to within a few meters. DGPS was originally initiated by the U.S. Coast Guard to counter the accuracy degradation caused by Selective Availability. Even with S/A now eliminated, DGPS continues to be a key tool for highly precise navigation on land and sea. DGPS technology adds a land-based reference receiver – located at an accurately surveyed site – to the other GPS components. This non-moving DGPS reference station knows where the satellites are located in space at any given moment, as well as its own exact location. This allows the station to compute theoretical distance and signal travel times between itself and each satellite. When those theoretical measurements are compared to actual satellite transmissions, any differences represent the error in the satellite's signal. All the DGPS reference station has to do is transmit the error factors to your DGPS receiver, which gives the information to the GPS receiver so it can use the data to correct its own measurements and calculations. The two most common sources of corrective DGPS signals currently are: (1) Coast Guard, land-based beacon transmitters, broadcasting the data at no charge to the public, covering all coastal areas and much of the inland USA as well; and (2) FM radio sub carrier transmissions available both in coastal and inland areas, but limited to paid subscribers. In order to receive DGPS correction data from Coast Guard beacon transmitters, a mobile GPS unit requires a separate beacon receiver. And to receive FM sub carrier DGPS signals from local subscriber radio stations, the GPS unit requires a separate FM receiver, normally the size of a pager. Naturally, your GPS unit must have the capability to both receive and process DGPS Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) GPS is plenty accurate for route navigation, but the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration has special need for aircraft traffic control that go beyond basic GPS. The FAA has a plan under way to boost GPS performance even further with its Wide Area Augmentation System, or WAAS. This GPS add-on will include a time control element that will help airliners fly closer together while avoiding collisions. In addition to carefully spacing airplanes along travel corridors, WAAS will eventually make instrument landings and takeoffs more accurate as it replaces existing aviation navigation systems. Non aviators can use WAAS signals to make their GPS navigation even more accurate. However, WAAS has some limits you should know First, the U.S. government has not completed construction of the WAAS system, so it is not yet fully operational. The ground stations are in place, but only a few of the needed WAAS satellites have been launched. WAAS can boost the accuracy of land GPS navigation, but the system is designed for aircraft. The satellites are in a fixed orbit around the Equator, so they appear very low in the sky to someone on the ground in North America. Aircraft and vessels on open water can get consistently good WAAS reception, but terrain, foliage or even large man-made structures frequently block the WAAS signal from ground receivers. You'll find that using your GPS receiver without WAAS is both easy and amazingly accurate. It's easily the most accurate method of electronic navigation available to the general public today. Remember, however, that this receiver is only a tool. Always have another method of navigation available, such as a map or chart and a compass. GPS Navigation 101 Power To turn on your Lowrance GPS unit, press the PWR key. Read the message which appears on the screen, then press the EXIT key to erase it. Your Lowrance GPS unit is now ready for use. To turn your Lowrance GPS unit off, press and hold the PWR key for three seconds. A countdown until shutoff will appear on the screen. New GPS Receiver Initialization your unit is turned on for the first time, it does not know where it is, the date or the time. To initialize a GPS unit is to basically tell the receiver where it is, what the date is, and what the time is. This allows it to know which satellites should be overhead, so it can start searching for them to lock onto them. When a new GPS receiver is first powered-up, even if it is not initialized, it can still determine its position after a few minutes. It will however, achieve a much faster satellite lock-on if it is initialized. To lock onto satellites, a GPS receiver must first find them. If you simply turn on the GPS receiver and wait, it may take more than two minutes to find and lock onto the appropriate satellites. That's referred to as a cold start. In contrast, when initialized by the user, the GPS receiver typically takes only a few seconds to lock onto the satellites. The GPS receiver should have a clear view of the sky during initialization. Initialization requires that you provide the GPS receiver up to 3 pieces of information: - Your approximate present position in - Your approximate elevation, or altitude: and - The current local time and date. Normally, initialization is necessary only once, provided each subsequent time the GPS receiver is turned on it's within approximately 300 miles of where it was last turned off. Regardless of which start up method is chosen, initialization or cold start, once the GPS receiver has achieved satellite lock on, it will typically begin tracking much faster the next time it's turned on, often Satellite Information Screen A simplified screen displays this satellite information by putting it into a graphical format (see screen). For each of the 12 channels a SAT number (satellite number) is shown along with a bar graph showing the relative strength of the signal. A circular overhead view of the satellite position in the sky is above this information. The center of the circle corresponds to a satellite position directly overhead. The edges of the circle are at the horizon. The top of the circle is North. If the satellite number is highlighted, it is being tracked and data is being measured from it. The display also shows the EPE (estimated position error) in feet or meters. This will be in the upper right hand corner of the screen once it locks on. This is an estimate of the accuracy of your position. It depends on the geometry of the location of the satellites tracked, and other factors. The vertical bar on the bottom of the screen is the battery life left (on portable models only). Saving Waypoints in Memory A waypoint is a position you wish to save and return to later. GPS receivers typically offer two methods to store waypoints in memory: 1. The Quick Save method, which uses the coordinates from either your present position, or those from the cursor position in the plotter mode. In this method, the waypoint is automatically identified with the next available waypoint number in the list; 2. The View & Save method, which lets you pick the specific waypoint number under which you want to store the new waypoint. You can also name the waypoint during the same procedure. Using GPS to Navigate to a Waypoint There are three basic methods you can use to navigate to a waypoint: 1. If it's already stored in memory, the waypoint can simply be recalled and the unit instructed to navigate to the waypoint; or 2. If it's determined from a navigational chart or communicated by some other means, the waypoint can be entered using the unit's keypad, then navigated to; and 3. On the plotter, the cursor can be used to pinpoint the location of a waypoint, then the unit instructed to navigate to the cursor position. All three techniques employ easy-to-understand, on-screen menus, guiding the user through every step. Straight Line Navigation GPS products use what is called "straight line" navigation. The units, when commanded to navigate to a waypoint, draw a straight line from their present position to the destination waypoint. The straight line represents the shortest, most direct route to the One very important point must be made about "straight line" navigation: It does not take into account any obstacles in the path (on land, in the air or in the water). Consequently, it may be necessary in some situations to record interim waypoints that alter the course to navigate around obstacles. These additional minisegments of the journey will each represent straight line routes. New GPS users should be cautioned to take these considerations seriously, and to never rely solely on a single navigation aid.Using a Route to Bypass Since GPS products use straight line navigation, it is necessary to use a waypoint at each place you need to turn when you are navigating around an obstacle such as a cliff, or navigating down a highway or river channel. By connecting each of these waypoints in a chain, you form a "Route". This provides the automatic capability to navigate through several waypoints in order, without having to manually recall another waypoint in the unit. Once programmed into a GPS unit, a route provides the option of navigating forward through the waypoints, or navigating in reverse in order to go either direction through the route. Using Plot Trails to Find Your Way Back One of the most important features in a Lowrance GPS unit is the ability to display, save and navigate plot trails. This is the feature that allows you to retrace your steps or repeat a journey at a later date, and it's especially useful when navigating in roadless areas. A plot trail is a line plotted or drawn on the screen tracing the path you've taken, from your starting point to your present position. A plot trail appears on your GPS screen as a line that flashes once per second, for easy viewing. Your GPS plots a trail by placing a position marker dot on the screen every three seconds as you travel. (This can be adjusted from one dot per second to one dot per 30 minutes, or you can update your trail by distance instead of time.) With menu commands, you can save, recall and navigate a trail (forward or backward) just as you would a route. Navigation steering information is provided in either a compass rose display (with an arrow pointing out the correct travel direction) or as a dotted line on a unit's map display. Or, you can skip the navigation commands and simply retrace your path following the flashing plot trail on the map display. GPS NMEA Interface with Other Electronics NMEA is an abbreviation for the National Marine Electronics Association, the group that establishes the data protocol and wiring standards for the marine electronics industry. As previously discussed, some GPS units can receive DGPS data from beacon and FM receivers. GPS receivers must also be able to send standard positioning and navigational information to a variety of listener devices such as charting instruments, autopilots and others. Most quality built GPS products permit their users to select from two different NMEA data protocols that transmit data output sentences. The first protocol is NMEA 0180, which is reserved strictly for sending steering information, primarily to marine auto pilots. The second protocol, NMEA 0183, sends latitude/longitude position, steering, speed and other navigational data. Depending on the specific GPS product, these NMEA protocols are in code versions 1.5 and/or 2.0. Original article from Lowrance
Chernobyl (Routledge Revivals) The Long Shadow First published in 1989, Chernobyl: The Long Shadow offers a balanced review of what happened there, why and how it happened, and what the main lessons and implications of the accident are. It looks back on events during and after the disaster, in particular reviewing how it and the radiation fallout were dealt with in different countries and looks forward to how the incident might affect the nuclear power industry around the world. The book explores the significance of the accident within the Soviet Union, considers its impact on public confidence in nuclear power, and reviews what improvements are necessary in emergency planning throughout the rest of the world. It is written from an inter-disciplinary perspective; based on detailedscienctific research, which is described in non-specialist terms, it considers themes like attitudes to nuclear power and political reaction to the accident itself. It sets the Chernobyl accident into a proper context. Chernobyl: The Long Shadow will appeal to students and teachers of geography, environmental science, international politics, nuclear physics, and to anyone interested in current affairs and environmental problems. 1. Alarm Bells Ring 2. Radiation and Health 3. Struggle for Containment 4. Immediate Problems for Humans 5. Under the Shadow – The Radiation Cloud 6. Reactions in Britain 7. What Really Happened – The Russian Report 8. Long – Term Problems and Lessons 9. It Can’t Happen Here... 10. Public Confidence in Nuclear Power?
- Posted July 18, 2011 by Alarming find: No sea life off FL panhandle seafloor During scuba assessments on July 12th 2011, the Florida panhandle shallow seafloor sediment shows signs of widespread presence of dispersed oil. A team of research divers scoured the Florida panhandle looking for signs of BP oil. What they did find was a desolate seafloor, with few signs of life. The sand should be tan or white and look like a desert floor with ripples and ridges of tan sand. Marine life should be attracted to the disturbance of bottom sediments, with small fish darting into the cloud of silt and crabs scurrying away to bury themselves in hiding. Rays and starfish should be abundant. What they filmed was a scene of dark desolate bottom sediment where dark sediment ejected from the animal burrows sat in piles of contrasting colors caused by contamination from the BP oil spill. The environmental consultant who has been researching the DWH disaster for the past year was alarmed by the lack of living things in the northwest Florida waters. Another was shocked by the absence of bait fish during the 6 dives. As the dives progressed from east to west, the sediment conditions deteriorated considerably. The sediment samples have been sent to a certified lab for chemical analysis and results will be back within a month. That's when we will know definitely what is lurking off the shores of the Florida panhandle. In the meantime, ask your local representatives why BP isn't doing this kind of research to assure that the children and animals along the Gulf of Mexico are safe.
Heinz Baldermann is a bearded 40-something man in wire rimmed glasses who sports an unusual blue-and-white sweat shirt. On the sweat shirt is a design of tiny Hebrew letters, with the word “Haskala” in both Hebrew and Latin characters superimposed on it. Haskala was the name of the Jewish Enlightment movement started more than two centuries ago by the great 18th century Jewish scholar Moses Mendelssohn. Haskala is also the name of a new German Jewish cultural action group that Baldermann helped found in the northwestern German city of Hanover as a means for strengthening knowledge of the Jewish experience, both past and present, and for fostering a firm sense of multiculturalism in Germany. He also helped found Haskala, he said, in order to help overcome what he and his fellow Jewish friends saw as a serious problem among Jews in Germany: basing their Jewish identity on the destruction of the Holocaust and largely ignoring Judaism’s rich and lively cultural heritage and contribution. “I’m Jewish, and I’m part of the first post-Shoah generation,” said Baldermann, using the Hebrew term for the Holocaust. “My problem was the Jewishness for me was always sad – there was always the emphasis on Auschwitz and Majdanek. I have a daughter, and she says that if Jewishness is only sadness, then she doesn’t want to be Jewish,” said Baldermann, who directs and adult education program near Hanover. “Many of my friends have the same problem,” he added. “We Jews of the Diaspora have to remember where our sources are – in the Holocaust and recognition of the Holocaust, or in Torah and Jewish tradition?” he said. If Jews see their tradition only in the Holocaust, then Hitler invented the religion,” he said. Baldermann stressed that Auschwitz and the Shoah must never be forgotten – but neither should Jewish life, both per- and post-Holocaust. He said it was also important to broaden knowledge of Jewish life and culture among non-Jewish Germans. The results of these needs led to last year’s founding of Haskala, “consciously putting ourselves in the tradition of Mendelssohn,” he said. One of its aims is to give Jewish actors, composers, artists, musicians and performers the chance to present their work to a broader public. During the past year, he said, Haskala has sponsored theater performances, classical concerts, literary evenings, debates and klezmer concerts. Baldermann, whose family comes from Poznan, a city now in Poland but before World War I was a Germany, was also involved in the organization of the weeklong workshop on klezmer music and Yiddish culture for 40 mainly German, non-Jewish participants. The workshop, held earlier this month in nearby bad Pyrmont, was led by the American klezmer group Brave Old World and other performers. A Haskala- sponsored public concert by Brave Old World drew a full house. Most of the 40,000 to 50,000 Jews who lie in Germany today came to Germany after World War II. This includes a large influx of Russian Jews who have come in recent years. “Before 1990, about 300 Jews lived in Hanover,” Baldermann said. “Now there are 800, thanks to the arrival of 500 people from Russia.” Baldermann, who also runs Jewish events and courses through his adult education program, said he and his Haskala friends are committed to building Jewish life in the Diaspora. “We don’t want to go to Israel,” he said. “We want to stay in Germany as log as we can stand being in Germany in order to work on our identity as a permanent process.” In addition to his work with Haskala, he is involved with the religious community in Hanover, where he functions as a kosher cook. Baldermann said his attempt to use Jewish culture as a means of fostering dialogue has had unforeseen results. “Five years ago, I used to get anonymous threats,” he said. “Now I still get threats – but they are signed. “I see something positive in this,” he added. “I know who is my enemy. My offer of conflict – or dialogue – is accepted.”
RECENT SCAMS: WATCH OUT FOR TECH SUPPORT SCAMS Nowadays, you should be on high alert whenever you're browsing the web. The cyber scammers are counting on you to have an average (or below-average) level of knowledge about cybersecurity threats so they can trick you into downloading malicious applications. The attack usually goes like this: First, you receive a fake Windows Alert pop-up message claiming "Your PC might be infected" and to "click OK to do a quick 10-second scan". When you click OK, a very realistic-looking-but very fake-"system scan" runs within your browser. The scan looks almost identical to your antivirus software's real system scans. Once the "scan" ends, you're told that your PC is indeed infected and that you need to download and install an update to the antivirus software. Don't do it! This "update" is actually an unwanted application that will install onto your computer. Consider the following to protect yourself from this type of scam: - Never trust internet pop-ups. They often use scare tactics to get you to call a number for tech support or download an application to "fix" the problem. - Go to your IT administrator (if at work) or a reputable computer repair company (if at home) if you think something is wrong with your computer. Stay safe out there!
Authors: Kirti Vyas, Bridget Allen O’Neil, Angela Dittrich Prime Minister Justin Trudeau assured journalists at the fifteenth Conference of the Parties (COP15) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) that Canada will meet its “25 by 25 target.” Protecting 25 percent of Canada’s lands and oceans by 2025 is a promising step towards the more ambitious international goal of preserving 30 percent of the Earth’s lands and waters by 2030, also known as the ‘30x30’ initiative. But how will Canada meet such a bold target? Canada emphasizes partnerships with Indigenous peoples, specifically, supporting Indigenous Protected and Conserved Areas (IPCAs) when affirming their commitment to this goal. The Indigenous Circle of Experts (ICE) defines IPCAs as lands and waters governed and managed by Indigenous communities for the purposes of protecting ecosystems through their laws, governance models, and knowledge systems. The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework adopted at COP15 recognizes the importance of IPCAs in achieving the 30x30 target. Despite this acknowledgment, key concerns have been raised regarding Canada’s ability to effectively meet its commitment through IPCAs. Canada should learn from IPCA models established globally to advance meaningful reconciliation in line with the United Nations Declaration of Indigenous Peoples Act (UNDRIP) while fulfilling its international obligations. Canada’s Approach to IPCAs IPCAs are established in one of three ways: - Under Crown authority, - Self-declared Indigenous authority or - Joint co-management processes. In Canada, IPCAs are mainly initiated with federal funding. For example, through the “Indigenous Guardians” project, Canada invested $25 million to support 80 Indigenous-led projects from 2018 to 2022. Its Target 1 Challenge also funds projects that increase Canada’s protected areas to achieve biodiversity goals. Following ICE’s 2018 report advocating for the establishment of IPCAs, the federal government co-established its first IPCA in 2018, eventually supporting an additional 62 IPCAs. This support, however, has been deemed insufficient by Indigenous communities, who have called on the federal government to provide long-term funding and help communities establish an institutional model that paves the way for financial independence, to support jurisdictional claims and independent governance. Indigenous communities identify a lack of provincial endorsement for IPCAs and the historical failure of colonial powers to uphold their co-governance promises as issues they wish to see resolved moving forward. Australian IPAs – A Meaningful Model for Canada? Following Australia’s model (referred to as IPAs) could assist Canada in meeting its international commitments to preserve nature. Scholars have compared Canada and Australia’s models, with analysts noting that both are former British colonies with similar patterns of settler colonialism and Indigenous-led resistance. In 1997, the Australian government established an IPA program that permits areas under Indigenous governance, or other conservation areas, to be voluntarily recognized and supported by the National Reserve System. Similar to Canada, the federal government allocates funding to Indigenous communities to establish IPAs. The Australian government, however, continues to fund management activities under the IPA once a management plan and IPA has been recognized by the government. The lands are either co-managed or managed entirely by Indigenous communities. Priorities for the land are set in the IPA Agreement/Management plan and are territory-specific rather than being set out in colonial federal or provincial legislation. This respects diverse Indigenous values and Indigenous authority to govern the land, while creating legal flexibility that allows the model to function in multiple settler law contexts (especially in different Australian states). Through this approach, IPAs constitute 49% of the country’s National Reserve system. Indigenous communities have actively challenged this division through the IPA process, governing water and land in one system. For example, in the Bardi Jawi Indigenous Protected Area, the community receives funding to manage and monitor land and sea territory as an integrated whole. The Clock is Ticking Australia’s IPA approach has been endorsed by the international community, in line with achieving its CBD targets. Adopting such an approach in Canada, which respects the ability of Indigenous communities to protect the environment and their resources under their own jurisdictional authority, would support the implementation of Article 29 of UNDRIP and Canada’s 25x25 target. As the clock inches closer to the world’s seven-year deadline to protect its resources, and climate change’s impacts continue to worsen, it is important now, more than ever, for Canada to honour the authority of, and be responsive to First Nations to achieve the 30x30 target.
PDF (Acrobat) Document File Be sure that you have an application to open this file type before downloading and/or purchasing. This informational text structure project and comparison activity is great for RI.4.5, RI.5.5, RI.6.5, RI.7.5, RI.8.5! It merges social studies with ELA standards beautifully, and your students will have fun with the challenge of creating writing pieces that inform about different Revolutionary War topics. Students will create writing about a topic related to the Revolutionary war, in a specific structure. Students must be well-versed in informational text structures to complete this project. Instruction and knowledge about the Revolutionary War is also very helpful to students. When students have written a sample of each structure, they can compare their writing with a classmate's, discussing and analyzing the effect that each structure has on the author's message. If you would like to view more products from my store regarding the American Revolution, you may be interested in: If you would like a similar project about a different topic, you may be interested in:
Feeling anxious about certain situations is normal, especially throughout pregnancy, when many aspects of the body change. Alongside this, having a baby means changes to the family, which may induce some anxiety. However, if the worry significantly affects day-to-day activities and is excessive on most days then it could be an anxiety disorder that is being experienced. Antenatal anxiety is basically anxiety during pregnancy, but it is important to know that anxiety can occur before pregnancy and after the baby is born. Symptoms include recurring worrying thoughts, panic attacks, feeling restless/irritable and feeling tense. Previous anxiety disorders may return or become worse during pregnancy, which is why any historical mental health disorders should be discussed with a healthcare professional, so they can provide support. These symptoms can often be overlooked as general symptoms of pregnancy; however, this is not the case if the anxious thoughts are hindering normal day-to-day activities. Sleep can be difficult to catch up on once having a baby, but it is always important to ensure that a healthy amount of sleep is maintained. Lack of sleep can antagonise the symptoms of anxiety, so any naps when the baby is sleeping will be much appreciated by your body! Importantly, there are effective treatments available for antenatal anxiety, including cognitive behavioural therapy, more commonly known as CBT. This type of talking treatment can teach individuals coping skills for dealing with different problems, encompassing thoughts, beliefs and attitudes that can affect feelings and behaviours. Taking a moment to stop and challenge negative thinking patterns could enable future experiences to be less anxiety-provoking. Other treatments are available depending on the severity of the anxiety, but healthcare professionals are able to assess and suggest appropriate treatments/groups that could help. Antenatal classes can provide a space for expectant parents to get together and ask questions, as well as interacting with other parents-to-be where they can share any anxieties that may be felt. Often reaching out for help or advice can be the first step towards improving mental health, and you will be surprised at how many people want to help. Remember, you are not alone.
- Canopy Walkway - Chimpanzees trekking - Community based Tourism - Hiking Trails - Other Primates The Nyungwe rainforest is located in southwestern Rwanda, at the border with Burundi, to the south, and Lake Kivu and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. The Nyungwe rainforest is probably the best preserved montane rainforest in Central Africa. It has a wide diversity of animal species, making it a priority for conservation in Africa. This majestic rainforest is filled with nature and wildlife experiences for you to emerge yourself in. Hiking or even biking the beautiful terrain, tracking the famous chimpanzees, experiencing the canopy walk, witnessing beautiful birds, relaxing by waterfalls are just a glimpse of activities that Nyungwe offers. Visitors to Nyungwe National Park can experience the rainforest from a new perspective: the Canopy Walkway. Hanging 60 meters above the forest floor between giant trees and towers, East Africa’s only Canopy Walkway provides a stunning view of the park’s amazing wildlife and nature. The Walkway is accessible as part of a specialized guided tour along the Igishigishigi trail or if you’re not part of a tour, hiking the Imbaraga or Umuyove trails. The home of roughly 400 species of chimpanzees, Nyungwe is home to one of East Africa’s last intact populations and boasts two wild chimp communities that welcome guests (one in Cyamdungo and other around Uwinka). Thus, it’s not surprising that chimpanzee tracking is a popular activity in Nyungwe (especially when the park’s trees are in full bloom during the summer) as well-trained guides often lead visitors through the park’s forests. And while actually viewing chimpanzees is not guaranteed, you’ll enjoy learning about these creatures and their natural habitats from your guides. But you’ll probably have to get up around four a.m. to succeed in this very challenging activity as chimps are mostly likely to be seen early in the morning. Described by Birdlife International as “the most important site for biodiversity conservation in Rwanda,” the Nyungwe National Park is home to roughly 310 bird species, 27 of which are endemic to the Albertine Rift. Although actually spotting birds in the park’s forests may be challenging, the bird songs you’ll hear during the trek will surely make it more enjoyable. If you would like to learn about birds you might see and hear. The guides so knowledgeable about birdlife in Nyungwe they can identify birds by ear, such as the rwenzori turaco and grey-chested kakamega. Numerous community based tourism initiatives have been launched in the Nyungwe National Park to enhance the preservation of Rwandan culture, and one such project is the Kitabi Cultural Village. Situated at the eastern edge of the park, the cultural village features a campsite, a restaurant and for those interested in Rwandan history, a model of the king’s palace. The Village also offers three different day trips that bring traditional Rwandan culture to life for visitors with activities such as a dance ceremony, banana beer production and bow-and-target shooting. And you can stay in traditional Rwandan thatched hut accommodation. Another location in the Nyungwe National Park offering a community-based tourism product is the Banda Village. Located in the heart of the park and easily accessible via a downhill hike from the end of the Canopy Walk, the village provides visitors the opportunity to learn more about Rwandan culture through community walks where activities such as traditional medicine making and maize-grinding are performed and taught. And if you book an overnight trip, you’ll be treated to a special fire-making ceremony and dance reserved for overnight visitors. Nyungwe’s steep landscape makes it as an ideal destination for hikers – whether they’re novices or experienced – as the park boasts an extensive network of hiking trails. The trails are blessed with an amazingly diverse landscape and represent the most scenic way of exploring the forest. The ones listed below are a must for travelers seeking a challenging, yet enjoyable experience Chimpanzees are far from the only creature that will fascinate wildlife lovers in Nyungwe as with thirteen recorded species, the park is home to East Africa’s most diverse primate population. Nyungwe is the only location in Africa where you’ll find “supergroups” of more than 300 Colobus monkeys and one of the few places worldwide where you’ll see L’Hoest’s monkeys (primarily on the main round near Uwinka). Another rare animal you might also run into is the owl-faced monkey, an Albertine Rift endemic that inhabits Nyungwe’s southern forests. In fact, most of the monkey species found in the park are endemic. The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) has collaborated throughout the years with local communities and leaders to find ways of conserving the beauty of Nyungwe through tourism development, awareness campaigns and policy development. In large part because of the hard work of many parties, Nyungwe was designated Rwanda’s third national park. The WCS and its partners have since created a network of moderate hiking trails, a canopy walkway and the region’s first interpretation center. The Rwandan government has also expressed its commitment to preservation by developing a park management plan with WCS that regulaties zoning for conservation, tourism and sustainable harvesting. Home of the largest block of montane forest in East Africa, the Nyungwe National Park boasts more than 200 different types of trees and 140 species of orchids (including eight that are endemic). The park contains numerous medicinal plants that have served as remedies for centuries, such as East African satinwood and California Bayberry. As wonderful as exploring the diverse ecosystem of the Nyungwe National Park is, you really won’t get a feel for the area until you discover its rich culture. The region’s song, dance, music and cuisine are all integral parts of Nyungwe’s culture and walking tours of Banda Village – located 15 km down the mountain from the Uwinka Visitors Centre – represent the perfect setting for learning about an area where people have lived for more than 50,000 years. The tours provide guests the opportunity to participate in activities such as local food tasting and basket weaving and if you’re fortunate, you might able to attend a traditional wedding ceremony and learn about traditional medicine. Nomination: Nyungwe Forest National Park Location: 4hours from kigali
Submitted by Abby Nelson There’s hardly a phrase more confusing in nanny lingo than that of “light housekeeping,” yet it’s a phrase that is widely and consistently used in job descriptions and work agreements all of the time. In the nanny world, light housekeeping typically means leaving the home in the same condition it was in when the nanny arrived. If there were no dishes in the sink in the morning when the parents left for work, there should be no dishes in the sink when they return home. If a nanny arrived in the morning and the floors were sparkling clean, and then she and her charge tracked in mud after playing outside, it would be reasonable and expected for her to clean up the mess and restore the floor to its original morning condition prior to the end of her workday. In addition to childcare, nannies are also generally responsible for undertaking all tasks related to providing care for the children. While each job will vary slightly, depending on the family’s needs and if a housekeeper is also employed, most nanny jobs require that the nanny do the same household tasks as they relate to providing childcare. Nannies typically: do the children’s laundry, launder the children’s linens, keep the children’s areas neat and tidy, sanitize and disinfect toys, sterilize and clean bottles, prepare nutritious meals and snacks for the children, pick up after activities and arts and crafts, pick up after themselves and the children, keep the family provided vehicle clean, organize the children’s toys, and organize the children’s closets. Some nannies may also take on additional household related tasks. They may do the children’s grocery and clothes shopping, as well as purchase the supplies needed to properly stock the nursery. In some cases, nannies may also be responsible for ordering age-appropriate supplies, toys, and arts and crafts, depending on the arrangement that was made. Nannies typically do not: do the parent’s laundry, clean the bathrooms, mop the floors, dust the furniture, or prepare family meals regularly. In each family and nanny work arrangement, light housekeeping should be clearly defined. It’s what is in the contract that will dictate what the family’s housekeeping expectations are and what the nanny’s housekeeping responsibilities are. Instead of, or in addition to, using the term “light housekeeping” an employer’s definition of what light housekeeping means should be defined. Many nannies do agree to take on additional non-childcare related housekeeping tasks. They may do this because the children spend mornings in school or they simply enjoy cleaning and would gladly take on the housekeeping tasks in exchange for increased compensation. If your nanny agrees to take on additional housekeeping tasks, she should be provided additional compensation for them and allowed adequate time to complete them when childcare is not her responsibility. For these nannies/housekeepers, it should be stressed that when the children are in her care, childcare should be her main responsibility. Often times a nanny will go above and beyond the call of duty simply out of practicality. If a nanny is doing the dishes from lunch and her employer left a knife and dish in the sink after breakfast, for example, she’s likely going to wash them too, rather than simply leave them sitting there in the sink. If a nanny is preparing one of her favorite homemade pasta recipes for the children’s dinner, she may make enough for the entire family, since it’s easier than tweaking the recipe for smaller portions. When these random acts of kindness become expected by employers through, resentment and relationship problems in the nanny relationship can occur. Light housekeeping is going to mean different things to different people. Clearly articulating the duties and responsibilities that meet an employer’s definition of light housekeeping will help to prevent job creep and miscommunication over housekeeping related expectations.
During the twentieth century many religious leaders used the phrase ecumenical movement to describe various activities aimed at uniting churches and denominations. The ultimate goal of this union is to unite all professing Christians in the world. Some proponents even called for the union of all world religions. The most significant force in this movement is a federation, the World Council of Churches (WCC) and its U.S. arm, the National Council of Churches. The magazine The Christian Century is closely associated with the ecumenical movement. While the goal is laudable (and indeed inevitable before the Second Coming, according to Revelation), the ecumenical movement on the whole tends toward modernist views on the Bible and as such is criticized by fundamentalists. Leaders of the Ecumenical Movement stress cooperation between Christians of different denominations. They translate the Bible more creatively and less specifically. Any possibly divisive terms are softened and made meaningless.
by HANNAH DURBIN '19 In late December, when Christmas is just about all wrapped up for the year, many people take their Christmas trees down before the actual season is even over. The actual season of Christmas begins on December 25 and ends on the Baptism of Jesus, January 6. A lot of people take their trees down the day after Christmas. I wanted to see when people put their trees away for the year, since it's not done until January 6 based on tradition. The tradition of putting up a tree for Christmas actually began in Germany. The German people decorated them with apples as a symbol of the Garden of Eden. An evergreen tree was chosen because it represented God's eternal love. The tradition began in the 16th century but it wasn't until the 1890s that Christmas trees were widely accepted in America, due to the Puritan feeling that they made fun of the sacred holiday. Today Christmas trees are grown in all 50 states and are a trademark of the holiday. Artificial Christmas trees seem to consistently be on the rise in popularity. People are attracted to their simplicity. All that’s necessary is to bring them out of storage and they are ready to go. The fake trees are also preferable for those that have allergies. They lack the pine aroma that so many people positively associate with the season, but that smell can be a nightmare for a person with allergies. Manufacturers make the trees with a fire retardant material that can be another plus. An unfortunate part of them though is that once you do throw them away, they sit in a landfill forever. Artificial trees are non-biodegradable and can't be recycled. Real Christmas trees on the other hand are biodegradable and many of them are recycled. Almost all of the live Christmas trees purchased are grown here on American soil. They are grown on farms that contain soil not suitable for other plants. After the tree is cut, sometimes up to three more are planted in its place to keep the cycle going. Some people may not want a real tree due to the fact that they do burn quite easily and need to be kept away from the warm fireplace. They also drop needles and sap and are notorious for making quite a mess. The upkeep that they require is a turnoff for some people because if they are not properly watered, they will be dead before the big day even arrives. I asked several people when they took their trees down and was a little surprised with the results. Ms. Garcia took her tree down January 18, Madison Booseveld '19 took hers down December 30, and Lizzie Jira '19 took hers down January 14. Maura Mittermeyer '17 took hers down January 10 and my family took ours down January 20. Many people kept their tree up well into January, saying that the amount of time it requires to take the tree down pushes the day when they take it down back. All in all, Christmas trees evoke a cheerfulness that seems to be missing during the rest of the year. If you go back to the very beginning, they were put up as a way to celebrate Christ's birth. It's rooted in tradition to leave them up until January 6. Let's remember that for the coming year.
The Eiffel Tower (French: La Tour Eiffel, nickname La dame de fer, the iron lady) is a puddle iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris. Built in 1889, it has become both a global icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world. The tower is the tallest building in Paris and the most-visited paid monument in the world; millions of people ascend it every year. Named after its designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel, the tower was built as the entrance arch to the 1889 World’s Fair. The tower stands 324 metres (1,063 ft) tall, about the same height as an 81-storey building Read the rest of this entry The Brooklyn Bridge is one of the oldest suspension bridges in the United States. Completed in 1883, it connects the New York City boroughs of Manhattan and Brooklyn by spanning the East River. With a main span of 1,595.5 feet (486.3 m), it was the longest suspension bridge in the world from its opening until 1903, and the first steel-wire suspension bridge. Originally referred to as the New York and Brooklyn Bridge and as the East River Bridge, it was dubbed the Brooklyn Bridge, a name from an earlier January 25, 1867 letter to the editor of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, and formally so named by the city government in 1915. Since its opening, it has become an icon of New York City, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964 and a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1972. Read the rest of this entry The State Historical Museum of Russiais a museum of Russian history wedged between Red Square and Manege Square in Moscow. Its exhibitions range from relics of the prehistoric tribes inhabiting present-day Russia, through priceless artworks acquired by members of the Romanov dynasty. The total number of objects in the museum’s collection numbers in the millions. The spot where the museum now stands was formerly occupied by the Principal Medicine Store, built on the order of Peter the Great in the Moscow baroque style. Several rooms in that building housed royal collections of antiquities. Other rooms were occupied by the Moscow University, founded by Mikhail Lomonosov in 1755. Read the rest of this entry The Musée du Louvre, in English, the Louvre Museum or simply the Louvre – is one of the world’s largest museums, the most visited art museum in the world and a historic monument. A central landmark of Paris, it is located on the Right Bank of the Seine in the 1st arrondissement (district). Nearly 35,000 objects from prehistory to the 19th century are exhibited over an area of 60,600 square metres (652,300 square feet). The museum is housed in the Louvre Palace (Palais du Louvre) which began as a fortress built in the late 12th century under Philip II. Remnants of the fortress are visible in the basement of the museum. The building was extended many times to form the present Louvre Palace. In 1682, Louis XIV chose the Palace of Versailles for his household, leaving the Louvre primarily as a place to display the royal collection, including, from 1692, a collection of antique sculpture. Read the rest of this entry The Empire State Building is a 102-story landmark skyscraper and American cultural icon in New York City at the intersection of Fifth Avenue and West 34th Street. It has a roof height of 1,250 feet (381 meters), and with its antenna spire included, it stands a total of 1,454 ft (443.2 m) high. Its name is derived from the nickname for New York, the Empire State. It stood as the world’s tallest building for 40 years, from its completion in 1931 until construction of the World Trade Center’s North Tower was completed in 1972. Following the destruction of the World Trade Center in 2001, the Empire State Building once again became the tallest building in New York. The Empire State Building is designed in the distinctive Art Deco style, and has been named by the American Society of Civil Engineers as one of the Seven Wonders of the Modern World. Read the rest of this entry The Abraj Al-Bait Towers, also known as the Mecca Royal Hotel Clock Tower, is a building complex in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The complex holds several world records, including the tallest hotel in the world, the tallest clock tower in the world, the world’s largest clock face, and the world’s largest building floor area. The complex’s hotel tower will become the second tallest building in the world upon its completion in 2011, surpassed only by Dubai’s Burj Khalifa. The building complex is meters away from the world’s largest mosque and Islam’s most sacred site, the Masjid al Haram. The developer and contractor of the complex is the Saudi Binladin Group, the Kingdom’s largest construction company. The tallest tower in the complex stands as the tallest building in Saudi Arabia, and the tallest and largest hotel in the world, with a height of 601 metres (1,972 feet). It is the fourth tallest building under construction. Upon its official opening the structure would surpass Dubai International Airport having the largest floor area of any structure in the world with 1,500,000 m2 (16,150,000 sq ft) of floorspace. It will also surpass the Emirates Park Towers in Dubai as the world’s tallest hotel. Read the rest of this entry Burj Khalifa (“Khalifa Tower”), known as Burj Dubai prior to its inauguration, is a skyscraper in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, and is currently the tallest structure in the world, at 829.84 m (2,723 ft). Construction began on 21 September 2004, with the exterior of the structure completed on 1 October 2009. The building officially opened on 4 January 2010, and is part of the new 2 km2 (490-acre) flagship development called Downtown Dubai at the ‘First Interchange’ along Sheikh Zayed Road, near Dubai’s main business district. The tower’s architecture and engineering were performed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill of Chicago, with Adrian Smith as chief architect, and Bill Baker as chief structural engineer. The primary contractor was Samsung C&T of South Korea. Read the rest of this entry Lima is the capital and largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, in the central part of the country, on a desert coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima Metropolitan Area. With a population fast approaching 9 million, Lima is the fifth largest city in Latin America, behind Mexico City, São Paulo, Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro. Lima is home to one of the largest financial hubs in Latin America. It has been defined as a beta world city by GaWC international ranking. Lima was founded by Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro on January 18, 1535, as la Ciudad de los Reyes, or “the City of Kings”. It became the capital and most important city in the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru. Following the Peruvian War of Independence, it became the capital of the Republic of Peru. Today, around one-third of the Peruvian population lives in the metropolitan area. Read the rest of this entry Chicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the USA, after New York City and Los Angeles. Its metropolitan area, sometimes called “Chicagoland,” is the third largest in the United States, the largest in the Great Lakes Megalopolis, and the 27th most populous urban agglomeration in the world, with an estimated 9.8 million people in the three US states of Illinois, Wisconsin, and Indiana. Chicago is the county seat of Cook County, the second most populous county in the United States, after Los Angeles County, California. Chicago was incorporated as a town in 1833, near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed. Today, the city retains its status as a major hub for industry, telecommunications and infrastructure, with O’Hare International Airport being the second busiest airport in the world in terms of traffic movements. Read the rest of this entry Florence (Italian: Firenz, alternate obsolete form: Fiorenza; Latin: Florentia) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with c. 370,000 inhabitants (1,500,000 in the metropolitan area). The city lies on the River Arno; it is known for its history and its importance in the Middle Ages and in the Renaissance, especially for its art and architecture and, more generally, for its cultural heritage. A centre of medieval European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of the time, Florence is considered the birthplace of the Renaissance; it has been called the Athens of the Middle Ages. A turbulent political history included periods of rule by the powerful Medici family, religious and republican revolution. From 1865 to 1870 the city was also the capital of the recently established Kingdom of Italy. Read the rest of this entry
Cream is a term with different meanings. First of all, it indicates a sweet preparation, based on eggs, sugar and milk; it can be eaten alone or used to fill cakes and various pastries as well as to accompany ice cream or puddings. This type of preparation is divided into two large classes: cooked creams and raw creams. The former are made with the ingredients listed above and then cooked for a fairly short time; the raw ones are based on whipped butter with the addition of sugar and eggs, and are used to decorate or fill cakes. The same term also defines savory preparations, i.e. vegetable, fish or meat purées, which require also the addition of bechamel, flour or cream. The ingredients must be sieved (for this reason this type of preparation is sometimes called "puree"), or blended with a mixer, so that they take on a soft and uniform texture. Recipes made in Italy by Italians in Italian. Translated for You with Love
Algebra 2 Multiplying And Dividing Radical Expressions Worksheet – Have your children requested you for support on the algebra research, and you also haven’t completed algebra because Mrs. Flores sixth time period algebra school in high school, or you have a big algebra examination developing and you just can’t receive the suspend of it. Properly, don’t tension out a lot of, since you can now find algebra worksheets, algebra calculators and popular algebra solvers on the internet, that will help you thru the challenging learning approach. Grab the Algebra 2 Multiplying And Dividing Radical Expressions Worksheet Listed Below An algebra worksheet such as Algebra 2 Multiplying And Dividing Radical Expressions Worksheet is the best way to hone your math abilities, and practice for the forthcoming math analyze, or maybe find some good useful algebra suggestions. Algebra worksheets normally consist of thousands of problems and equations that can be used to check on your own. Normally, the internet site supplying the algebra worksheets will quality your answers to suit your needs, or present an solution key. For algebra application equipment that can help resolve algebra equations, algebra calculators may be the answer you would like. Algebra calculators will assist you to while you are caught over a problem, you can’t discover. The online calculators will resolve equations, in most cases, provide you with a detailed outline in the problem, that can not just give you the response, but show you just how the equations had been resolved, phase-by-stage. You can find several calculators on-line which use many different methods to achieve the solution to the issue. Some calculator software program will solve equations by factoring, doing the square cause of the number or just by making use of other approaches required in responding to algebra concerns. You can even find graphing calculators, which plan equations. These calculators utilize modern technology that permits you to change your plotted graphs 360 diplomas, supplying a far more well-round understanding of the situation. Another excellent extra tool for understanding algebra will be the preferred algebra solvers, you will discover on numerous internet sites. Similar to the algebra calculator, these applications offer answers to tough algebra equations. All you have to do is enter your algebra dilemma and the software does others. This brilliant algebra instrument helps to supply a tutor whenever you and your child requirements 1, helping you to avoid the high fees and long hours that include working with a teacher.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Symptoms & Treatment Squamous cell carcinoma extends in the external layer of the skin (the epithelium). Some squamous cell carcinomas occur from diminutive sandpaper-like lesions called solar (sun) or actinic keratosis. It is probable for squamous cell carcinoma to extend to other areas of the body; thus, early treatment is imperative. Occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma differs with age, gender, race, geography, and genetics. The occurrence of SCC enlarges with age and the peak incidences are usually around 66 years old. Males are affected among SCC at a ratio of 2:1 in comparison to females. Squamous cell carcinomas generally emerge as crusted or scaly patches on the skin with a red, swollen base, a growing tumor, or a non-healing ulcer. Caucasians are more probable to be affected, mainly those with fair Celtic skin, if chronically exposed to UV radiation. Squamous cell carcinomas can arise on any part of your body, but are normally on areas that are exposed to the sun, for instance your head and the backs of your hands. Because squamous cell carcinomas that reappear have a potential to extend to other parts of the body, it is very imperative that they be adequately treated the first time. But if they are left untreated for too long, a few may extend to further parts of the body, and this can be severe and tender. Causes of Squamous cell carcinoma Some causes & risk factors of Squamous cell carcinoma are as follows: - Contact to ultraviolet radiation. - A premalignant form known as actinic keratosis or solar keratosis. - Thermal burn scars. - Revelation to cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in tar, soot, or shale. - An unusual hereditary disease called xeroderma pigmentosa. Symptoms of Squamous cell carcinoma The possible symptoms of Squamous cell carcinoma includes: - Ulcer or reddish skin sign that is measured growing. - Sign of chronic skin photodamage, for example various actinic keratoses (solar keratoses). - Frequently the tumor presents the same as an ulcerated wound with hard, raised edges. - The tumor grows quite leisurely. - On the lip, the tumor forms a tiny ulcer, which fails to cure and bleeds irregularly. Treatments of Squamous cell carcinoma The type of squamous cell carcinoma treatment generally depends on the size, location and assertiveness of the tumor. The tumor will repeatedly remove surgically. Mohs micrographic surgery may be required for large, ill-defined, deep or recurring tumors. Radiotherapy (dealing with X-rays) may be used if the squamous cell carcinoma is large or in an embarrassed place. Radiotherapy may too be used to alleviate symptoms when a squamous cell carcinoma has increase to different parts of the body. Chemotherapy is used for difficult periods of squamous cell carcinoma. The form of chemotherapy utilized is 13-cis-Retinoic acid and interferon-2A.
The coronavirus pandemic has turned every child’s life upside down. It is threatening children’s rights, disrupting their education, health care, mental health and well-being. The long-term impacts of COVID-19 will hit the most vulnerable the hardest, including remote Indigenous communities in Canada, and children living in warzones and refugee camps. That’s why we’ve created Save with Stories. First launched in the US by Jennifer Garner and Amy Adams, every donation will help children and families affected by the coronavirus crisis, both here at home and around the world. We’ll regularly share videos of your favourite people reading beautiful children’s books – perfect for firing up kids’ imaginations and giving grown-ups the chance to take a breath while they’re stuck at home. Follow Along with #SAVEWITHSTORIES Check out all our stories on our Instagram. Please give a helping hand Your donation could make a big difference to children facing increasing hardship during the coronavirus crisis in Canada and around the world. We’re working to address the most urgent needs of Indigenous families in Canada by training frontline health workers and caregivers on how to safeguard children and respond to their unique needs in a crisis. We’re providing mental health and psychosocial support for children experiencing stress and anxiety. We’re also providing learning resources like books and toys so children can continue their learning while at home. Your support also helps deliver personal protective equipment to Indigenous communities to help reduce the spread of COVID-19. Our teams are helping children around the world too, making sure they’re safe, healthy and can keep learning, no matter where they are. Together, we can help families get through this. Please support our COVID-19 appeal here. A big thank you to our publishing partners for all their support.
Juvenon Health Journal volume 7 number 10 July 2014 By Benjamin V. Treadwell, Ph.D. What immediately comes to mind when someone mentions exercise? Guilt? Rationalizing? (I’m still pretty healthy even though I don’t exercise. A lot of my friends don’t exercise and they seem healthy.) Of course, not everyone should run miles at a time or lift massive weights. But there is compelling evidence to support the significant health benefits, both physical and mental, from a daily regimen of exercise appropriate for you. One form of exercise, endurance training, was the subject of a recent study at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) laboratory, located at Yale University School of medicine. For decades, scientists have known that physical activity like running and swimming, which increases heart rate and breathing, results in significant physiological changes or adaptations to improve muscle function. For the first time with living human subjects, research demonstrated another beneficial effect of this type of exercise. What are the effects of endurance training on the mitochondria of muscle cells? That is an important question that scientists have only recently answered. Prior to that, scientists knew that with endurance training, changes in muscle tissue might include increased production of new blood vessels and greater capacity of cells to store energy. Endurance training also increases sensitivity to insulin so that glucose, as fuel, can enter cells more readily. All of these changes are directed toward improving the delivery of nutrients and fuel to satisfy the increased energy demands of the exercising muscle. Beyond better fuel delivery, earlier animal and in vitro (cell culture) studies revealed something intriguing—an increased capacity of the cells that comprise the working muscles to burn fuel, especially fat, and thus to convert that fuel into energy. Moreover, endurance-conditioned cells continue to burn fuel, including fat—even when at rest. But why? Exercise initiates a series of complex biochemical events in the muscle cells. One of these, the production of a substance known as AMPK, activates a cellular tool called PGC-1 alpha. This tool, in turn, enters the control center of the cell, the nucleus, where it homes in on the on/off switches of specific genes to turn them on. The activated genes produce proteins required to construct new fuel-burning organelles, the mitochondria. This explains why, as earlier research had shown, muscle cells isolated from an endurance-trained animal had a greater capacity to produce energy than cells isolated from a sedentary counterpart. Simply put, more exercise produced more mitochondria/cell “furnaces” for more energy to make the exercise easier. The effects of endurance training on the mitochondria of muscle cells was clearly beneficial. Animals to Humans The early studies laid the groundwork for the team at the HHMI lab at Yale. They wanted to determine whether the same or similar changes occurred with humans, in particular, the effect endurance exercise has on the mitochondria in our skeletal muscle. Faced with difficulties in applying the same techniques used with animals and cultured cells, the investigators realized a newly developed, non-invasive tool could yield similar information if applied to humans. The technique involved using a magnetic resonance spectrometer (MRS). This technology can accurately measure the amount of a nutrient containing a tag (13C-acetate) that is metabolized in the energy-producing cycle (the Krebs cycle or TCA cycle). Two groups of human subjects were chosen for the study. Seven healthy males of normal weight who exercised in running-based sports a minimum of four hours a week were in one group. The second group included eight males of similar age, weight and overall health, but who did not participate in endurance training. Both groups were injected with the 13C-acetate nutrient. After a fixed period of time and under non-working (resting) conditions, the muscle of the right calf was scanned with the MRS instrument. Because the 13C-acetate is essentially converted to substances that are burned as fuel, the scans provided the investigators with information on the rate at which the tag was being metabolized (oxidized into other compounds during the production of energy) in the cell’s mitochondria. More Fuel Burned Without More Work The results showed 54% more fuel burned in the TCA cycle in the endurance-trained group as compared to the sedentary controls. Interestingly, this burned fuel did not represent an increase in the production of ATP, the cellular chemical utilized by the muscle to do work (contract muscle). The amount of measured ATP in both groups was virtually identical. On the one hand, this is not too surprising as the measurements were taken at rest, when little muscle contraction is occurring and, therefore, little of the energy molecule, ATP, is necessary. But on the other hand, the normal coupled reaction between fuel-burning and ATP production seems to have been disrupted in the endurance-trained subjects. In other words, the muscle of the endurance-trained group was still burning more calories (released as heat and not converted to ATP), even while at rest. Getting The Fat Out Modern man/woman is exposed to excessive amounts of energy-rich foods. As a consequence, we are more likely to develop diabetes, heart disease and other age-related conditions. Previous animal and cell-culture studies have shown that exercise improves insulin sensitivity, guarding against insulin resistance, the precursor to diabetes. The recent HHMI research gives us even more insight into the potential long-lasting effects and benefits of exercise, specifically in relation to the fat-laden cells, including muscle cells, that have been associated with many health concerns. Endurance exercise, as demonstrated by the Yale team, activates cellular tools. They, in turn, increase the production of the cellular fuel-burning machinery (mitochondria) necessary to remove excess fat from cells…even while we sleep. A group of investigators from a number of Pacific institutions recently published, “FOXO3A genotype is strongly associated with human longevity,” in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS). They reported on their findings regarding a specific genetic variation of FOXO3A. This gene was investigated as a possible link to human aging based on previous work with lower forms of life (worm and fly), which identified a gene that, when mutated, seemed to confer longer life on the organism. The longevity-associated gene is involved in the regulation of insulin signaling pathways. Known as DAF-16 in the worm C. elegans, it is the counterpart of the human gene, FOXO3A, also associated with metabolic pathways regulated by insulin signals. The investigators hypothesized a correlation between a similar mutation in the human FOXO3A gene and longevity in humans. They set out to test their theory by examining the frequency of a mutation in FOXO3A in a population of Japanese-American men living in Hawaii. The subjects were divided into two pools, those who died before the age of 81, mean age 79 years (402 subjects), and those who lived 95 years or longer (213 subjects). Genetic material (DNA) was extracted from the blood cells of both groups and the FOXO3A gene was examined for specific genetic variation (mutations known as SNP). The results of the gene analysis established a strong association between a specific SNP and longevity. This would seem to indicate that, like the worm and fly genes, the FOXO3A gene is, at least partially, responsible for longer life. This Research Update column highlights articles related to recent scientific inquiry into the process of human aging. It is not intended to promote any specific ingredient, regimen, or use and should not be construed as evidence of the safety, effectiveness, or intended uses of the Juvenon product. The Juvenon label should be consulted for intended uses and appropriate directions for use of the product. Dr. Treadwell answers your questions about Juvenon™ Cellular Health Supplement question: A friend claims that many people don’t even digest vitamins and that chewing up vitamins or using liquid vitamins is the only way to have effective delivery. This is his claim but I know of no data to support it. What is the most effective way to take Juvenon and other examples of Dr Bruce Ames’ supplements?– D answer: Some people may find that taking vitamins in liquid form is more effective than tablet form. However, in general, tablets dissolve readily and should be absorbed as well, or almost as well, as a liquid. I suggest taking the tablets with water or juice. If you find it difficult to swallow a tablet, try taking it with a thicker drink, such as low-sodium tomato juice, or a food such as yogurt. As to the most effective way and time to take the various Juvenon supplements, here’s what I recommend: – Juvenon Cellular Health Supplement. Take one tablet at breakfast and a second at lunch. – Juvenon Resveratrol Supplement. Take one capsule at breakfast. – Juvenon Multivitamin, Q-Veratrol, Calcium Magnesium, and Omega-3. Take one tablet of each at breakfast and a second at dinner. Benjamin V. Treadwell, Ph.D., is a former Harvard Medical School associate professor.
This year's shark week just ended, but why not dredge up another cool shark story? Marine biologists from Stanford University found an unlikely surfer to help them track the migration routes of Great White Sharks: the Wave Glider robot. What will those brainy Stanford Trees think of next?! The Stanford team had been tracking Great Whites for 12 years, and had tagged a number of the big fish to map their migratory routes between Northern California, Hawaii, and Northern Mexico. They recently integrated the latest communication technology into their study to provide realtime data updates. The Wave Gliders are like other shark tag receivers in that they pick up and record signals from the tags when they come within 1,500 feet. But that's where the similarities end. The sleek robot-mariner can also follow the sharks somewhat more stealthily than a boat full of babbling humans. To reach out to the shark fearing non-academic population, Stanford's marine biologists have created an iPhone app that will tell users where Great Whites are most likely hanging out. This sounds great for swimmers and surfers, but hopefully this won't fan people's natural terror of the ocean's greatest predator into hysteria. Shark numbers are dropping off worldwide, mostly because of the increasingly illegal practice of finning. Having been a beach guy all of my life (except for the current Colorado bit), I always figured they're out there, swimming around in their ocean. I'd rather not know where they are, but am glad scientists do. Photo credit: Liquid Robotics
Meteorologists at Freie Universität have found a correlation between warming in the stratosphere and cold or warm winter periods. They observed that there is an increased number of stratospheric warmings, when the heat flow from the North Atlantic into the atmosphere is increased. Trends for winter temperatures can be derived from these new findings. "This could mean that in Europe there will increasingly be periods lasting several decades with predominantly colder winters alternating with periods of warmer winters," says Semjon Schimanke, who led the research, reported in the journal Geophysical Research Letters. The meteorologists expect that in the long term their research will help weather forecasters make more accurate predictions. The phenomenon of stratospheric warming was first discovered in 1952 by Professor Richard Scherhag at the Institute of Meteorology, Freie Universität Berlin. It appeared in the scientific literature as the "Berlin phenomenon." In the meantime, these events are referred to as "sudden stratospheric warmings," and 30 have been registered so far. On average, sudden stratospheric warmings occur in every second winter, and they are very unevenly distributed over the observation period. Only a single stratospheric warming occurred between the winters of 1988/1989 and 1997/1998, while nine have been registered since the beginning of this millennium. So far there has been no explanation. With their new research, the meteorologists at Freie Universität have shown that the intermittent sudden stratospheric warmings are a consequence of the interaction between the North Atlantic, the troposphere, and the stratosphere. They found that an increased number of sudden stratospheric warmings occur when the heat flux from the North Atlantic into the atmosphere is increased. During the winter months in the lower polar stratosphere, which lies approximately 20 kilometers above the Earth's surface, temperatures on average are below minus 70 degrees Celsius. The cold temperatures are combined with strong westerly winds that form the southern boundary of the so-called stratospheric polar vortex. This dominant structure is disrupted in some winters or even reversed. Under these conditions the temperatures in the lower stratosphere rise within a few days by more than 50 degrees, and the polar region is warmer than southerly latitudes. This implies a reversal in the west-east winds and the collapse of the polar vortex. Using models and observations, it was possible to show that such sudden stratospheric warmings are initially excited from the troposphere, but then also have a strong influence on tropospheric circulation. After a sudden stratospheric warming, among other things the differences in pressure between the Icelandic Low and the Azores High are reduced. This pressure difference determines the prevailing wind direction for Central Europe and thus determines whether the European winter turns cold or warm. Thus, for example, the 2009/2010 winter was characterized by a highly disturbed polar vortex, and in many parts of the Northern Hemisphere there was a severe and snowy winter. Cite This Page:
The information about alterations in cerebral perfusion is of crucial importance in treatment of patients with severe neurological injuries. The medical equipment used in clinics does not allow, however, for continuous measuring of brain activity in critically ill patients. This may change -- due to an instrument allowing for assessment of brain perfusion with light that is being developed at the Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Light will enable physicians to gain information about alterations in brain perfusion in critically ill patients, as follows from the research conducted at the Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IBBE PAS) in Warsaw. Earlier work on optical methods for brain perfusion analysis, carried out in clinics worldwide, yielded ambiguous outcome. „The results of our research have been obtained with advanced optoelectronic equipment are more convincing," says Dr Adam Liebert, professor at the IBBE PAS. The work on the instrument for brain perfusion assessment has been initiated at the IBBE PAS by Prof. Roman Maniewski as early as in the 1990s. At present, the research is continued by the team headed by Prof. Liebert. Optical methods for brain monitoring make use of the fact that skull bones are to some extent transparent for light, in particular from the near infrared range, with wavelengths between 650 and 850 nanometer. The properties of hemoglobin are of essential importance here, and especially the fact that oxygenated form of hemoglobin interacts with light differently than the reduced form. The phenomenon allows for estimating the degree of oxygenation in the observed region of the body by analysing the intensity of light penetrating the tissue. The essential elements of optical diagnostic devices are small light sources (laser diodes) and highly-sensitive detectors. The sources and detectors, usually placed at a distance of 2-5 cm from each other, are paired. Simultaneously, from a few to over a dozen of such pairs can be put at the patient's head, which potentially allows for examining a substantial part of human brain. Signals recorded by the detectors are transmitted via optical fibres to photomultipliers. After amplification, they are transmitted to a PC equipped with cards allowing for counting single photons. „The volume penetrated by light inside the skull resembles a banana in shape, with one end at the light source, and the other at the detector. At the place where the depth of photon penetration in the skull is at its maximum, we reach the cerebral cortex. This means that a fraction of recorded photons has interacted with hemoglobin from the blood circulating in blood vessels of the external layers of the brain," explains Prof. Liebert. The researchers have recently carried out measurements for a record-breaking distance between the light source and the detector, equal to 9 cm. The brain perfusion was assessed using indocyanine green -- a low-toxic optical contrast agent, well known in the clinical environment. The contrast agent was administered in patients by intravenous injection during the measurement. Optical signals recorded during the monitoring of brain activity not only provide information on what's going on in the cerebral cortex, but are also contaminated by data originating from perfusion of extracerebral tissues, including skin. There are a few methods for separating the information originating from intracerebral tissues from undesired interference signals. The instrument from the IBBE PAS is among the most technologically advanced devices, recording the time of flight of single photons in the tissue. In this technique, the light source emits many short (picosecond) light pulses. The longer time between photon emission and detection means the higher chance that the photon has interacted with deeper intracranial tissue structures -- and so with the cerebral cortex. „In the highest resolution, the images of both brain hemispheres obtained with our instrument consist of 32 pixels corresponding to source-detector pairs on the surface of the head," says Daniel Milej, a PhD student at the IBBE PAS, and explains: „A not high spatial resolution is due to physical constraints. In optical observations of the brain, the phenomena related to light scattering dominate those resulting from light absorption. That's why the resolution of these images is significantly lower than that of tomography-based medical imaging methods." It is, however, not only the image resolution that decides about the usefulness of the equipment. The primary advantage of the instrument from the IBBE PAS is that the measurements are non-invasive. Light emitted by laser diodes is absolutely safe and does not induce changes in tissues. Equally important is the simplicity of examinations. The measurement requires only that a cap with fixed optical fibres is placed on the patient's head and the patient is injected with a small dose of a contrast agent. The very examination lasts for a few minutes only and can be repeatedly carried out during the day. Moreover, the size of the measurement equipment in a lab, and so in a still non-miniaturised version, resembles a refrigerator. It is mobile and applicable at the bedside, even in critically ill patients treated in intensive care unit environment. It can also be used in an operating room. The advantages of optical methods of brain observation are obvious when compared with other imaging techniques used in hospitals. Computer tomography and magnetic resonance require large, stationary equipment. The patient must be transported to special diagnostic rooms, which often results in necessary disconnection from other medical equipment. In addition, the patient must be immobilised and the examination is expensive. In practice, the hospitals do not have any equipment that would allow for a continuous bedside monitoring of alterations in cerebral microperfusion. In collaboration with the Medical University of Warsaw and the Praski Hospital Department of Intensive Care in Warsaw, the researchers from the IBBE PAS have recently carried out optical measurements of brain perfusion in patients with post-traumatic brain injuries. Patients with cerebral edema and subcortical hematoma were included in the study. In both cases, differences with respect to signals collected in healthy volunteers have been observed. The results of the research have been recently published in the journal NeuroImage. „The possibility of continuous monitoring of the brain perfusion parameters may be of key importance in treatment of patients with severe neurological injuries. The results of our work suggest that the optical method can be useful in clinical practice," says Dr Wojciech Weigl, an anaesthesiologist who coordinated clinical studies on the new measurement method. Further studies are, however, needed before the instrument from the IBBE PAS could be delivered to hospitals and clinics. The research on the non-invasive methods for optical brain monitoring at the IBBE PAN has been and still is supported by grants from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Science Centre, and by the EU-funded nEUROPt project. The above post is reprinted from materials provided by Nałęcz Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences. Note: Content may be edited for style and length. Cite This Page:
Are dietary patterns in childhood associated with IQ at 8 years of age? A population-based cohort study - 1School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK - 2Department of Oral and Dental Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK - 3Rotman Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada - 4Brain & Body Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK - 5Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada - Correspondence to Dr Kate Northstone, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Clifton, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK: - Accepted 21 December 2010 - Published Online First 7 February 2011 Background Little is known about the effects of overall diet in childhood and intelligence later in life. Methods The current study, based on the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, uses data on children's diet reported by parents in food-frequency questionnaires at 3, 4, 7 and 8.5 years of age. Dietary patterns were identified using principal-components analysis and scores computed at each age. IQ was assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children at 8.5 years. Data on a number of confounders were collected, and complete data were available for 3966 children. Results After adjustment, the ‘processed’ (high fat and sugar content) pattern of diet at 3 years of age was negatively associated with IQ assessed at 8.5 years of age—a 1 SD increase in dietary pattern score was associated with a 1.67 point decrease in IQ (95% CI −2.34 to −1.00; p<0.0001). The ‘health-conscious’ (salad, rice, pasta, fish, fruit) pattern at 8.5 years was positively associated with IQ: a 1 SD increase in pattern score led to a 1.20 point increase in IQ (95% CI 0.52 to 1.88; p=0.001). Conclusion There is evidence that a poor diet associated with high fat, sugar and processed food content in early childhood may be associated with small reductions in IQ in later childhood, while a healthy diet, associated with high intakes of nutrient rich foods described at about the time of IQ assessment may be associated with small increases in IQ. Funding The UK Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust and the University of Bristol currently provide core support for ALSPAC. Competing interests None Ethics approval Ethics approval was provided by the ALSPAC Law and Ethics committee and the three local research-ethics committees. Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Painter, sculptor, inventor, anatomist—Leonardo da Vinci embodied the intelligence and creativity that informed the Renaissance. In this biography, the author of The Lodger Shakespeare traces da Vinci's journey from his beginnings as an illegitimate child in Tuscany through his apprenticeship with Verrocchio to his service with some of the most powerful families of Europe. By delving into da Vinci's notebooks, Charles Nicholl looks for clues regarding possible Shakespeare's bisexuality and the identity of the Mona Lisa, and fleshes out this larger-than-life artist as he does so. The book features 16 pages of color reproductions, as well as dozens of black-and-white illustrations. "Charles Nicholl's Leonardo da Vinci isn't merely a lovely book, it's Leonardoesque. Leonardo knew how to make drawings and paintings glow with lyrical mystery. At its best, Nicholl's book glows too."—NYTBR
Thursday, October 11, 2012 Did Jesus Ever Mention The Rapture? A. While Jesus gave us a few hints about the rapture, He never taught openly about it and I don’t think we would have seen His hints if we didn’t already know about the rapture from Paul’s teaching. In 1 Thes. 1:10 Paul made the first direct mention of the rapture, following up with more detail in 1 Thes. 4:16-17 and 1 Cor 15:51-52. These letters were written about 20 years after the cross. One of the Lord’s hints was in the reference to the days of Noah and Lot in Luke 17:26-29. After speaking of of the days of Noah where the faithful were preserved through the judgment, He then brought up the days of Lot where the judgment could not come until Lot was first taken away from the time and place of its occurrence (Genesis 19:15-22). In these two examples He was saying that some (Israel) would be preserved through the end times judgments while others (the Church) would be removed from the time and place before they begin. Another hint came in John 11:25-26. Speaking of the last days, Jesus told Martha that believers who die will live again and those who are alive will never die. In other words there would be one generation of believers who would not die but would go straight from this life into the next one. With hindsight we can tell He was speaking of the rapture because those who survive the end times judgments and go live into the Millennial Kingdom will still be in their natural states and will eventually die. Only those taken in the rapture will never die. But as I said, if you didn’t already know about the rapture from Paul’s teaching you probably wouldn’t see these hints. After Paul revealed the rapture, Jesus confirmed it in His letter to the Church in Philadelphia, saying, “Since you have kept my command to endure patiently, I will also keep you from the hour of trial that is going to come upon the whole world to test those who live on the earth” (Rev. 3:10) The Greek word translated from in this verse means we’ll be kept out of the place, time, or cause of the hour of trial. Joh 11: 23-27, KJV 23 Jesus saith unto her, Thy brother shall rise again. 24 Martha saith unto him, I know that he shall rise again in the resurrection at the last day. 25 Jesus said unto her, I am the resurrection, and the life: he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: (The first resurrection for the dead in Christ before the rapture) 26 And whosoever liveth and believeth in me shall never die. Believest thou this? (The rapture of the church) 27 She saith unto him, Yea, Lord: I believe that thou art the Christ, the Son of God, which should come into the world. UNDERSTANDING IN MATT 24 : THE ONE IN MATT 24: 26-31, IS ABOUT JESUS SECOND COMING/ HIS JUDGMENT AT SECOND COMING NOT ABOUT THE RAPTURE . IN THESE VERSES IN MATT 24 TALK ABOUT SEVERAL THINGS, END TIMES SIGNS, SECOND COMING/ GOD'S JUDGMENT AT SECOND COMING AND THE RAPTURE; Matt 24:26-31, KJV 26 Wherefore if they shall say unto you, Behold, he is in the desert; go not forth: behold, he is in the secret chambers; believe it not. (JESUS IS IN THE SECRET CHAMBERS (HEAVEN) WITH HIS BRIDE , THE RAPTURED CHURCH DURING 7 YRS TRIBULATION) 27 For as the lightning cometh out of the east, and shineth even unto the west; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. 28 For wheresoever the carcase is, there will the eagles be gathered together. (MANY THE DEAD BODIES BOTH MEN AND ANIMALS, DURING THE 7 YRS TRIBULATION AND BY THE END OF TRIBULATION AND WHERE THE EAGLES EAT OR TAKE IT) 29 Immediately after the tribulation of those days shall the sun be darkened, and the moon shall not give her light, and the stars shall fall from heaven, and the powers of the heavens shall be shaken: (AFTER THE TRIBULATION FOR 7 YRS IS OVER) 30 And then shall appear the sign of the Son of man in heaven: and then shall all the tribes of the earth mourn, and they shall see the Son of man coming in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory. 31 And he shall send his angels with a great sound of a trumpet, and they shall gather together his elect from the four winds, from one end of heaven to the other. (JESUS WILL GATHER HIS ELECTS, THE ELECTS ARE THE SAVED PEOPLE WHO SURVIVE DURING 7 YRS TRIBULATION PERIOD, Surviving believers will be received into the Kingdom to help re-populate the EARTH while unbelievers will be sent away for judgment.) Taken left in Matt 24 is about the Rapture.. although it does not tell the word rapture. Verses 37-42 is about THE RAPTURE, YOU SHOULD READ THE WORD OF GOD IN CONTEXT, DO NOT TAKE IT OUT OF THE CONTEXT, LET'S READ IN THE WHOLE CONTEXT , Matt 24:37-42, KJV 37 But as the days of Noah were, so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. (THE DAYS OF NOAH IS RIGHT NOW, NOT DURING THE TRIBULATION PERIOD WHEN PEOPLE DRINKING, EATING AND MARRYING) 38 For as in the days that were before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noe entered into the ark, 39 And knew not until the flood came, and took them all away; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be.(THE FLOOD, GOD'S WRATH'S COMING, WHEN< THE TIME IS JUST LIKE THE DAYS OF NOAH) 40 Then shall two be in the field; the one shall be taken, and the other left. (THE RAPTURE OF THE CHURCH) 41 Two women shall be grinding at the mill; the one shall be taken, and the other left. (THE RAPTURE OF THE CHURCH) 42 Watch therefore: for ye know not what hour your Lord doth come.(YOU CANNOT KNOW THE EXACTLY THE DAY AND THE HOUR DURING THIS PRESENT TIME, IF THE RAPTURE HAPPENS DURING THE TRIBULATION PERIOD OR AT THE END OF THE TRIBULATION, WE KNOW THE TIME ALREADY, 3 1/2 YRS AFTER THE TRIBULATION STARTS (MID TRIB) AND 7 YRS LATER AFTER THE TRIBULATION STARTS (POST TRIB) When we looked at Matthew 24 and the subject was the rapture and Israel. Matthew 24 is the greatest prophetic word from Jesus himself in all the Bible. This is the greatest statement. The parallel gospel to this is Luke chapter 21. So both in Matthew 24 and Luke 21 Jesus gave us his lesson on Bible prophecy. Now, he went on in Matthew and gave us Matthew 25. He also has Matthew 25, additional things to say about prophecy. Matthew 24 is considered to be the greatest word Jesus said about prophecy. So I believe the best way to understand Matthew 24 is not chronologically because we get lost when we try to understand it chronologically. There are and it will be had many events happening and it doesn't seem that they fit chronologically. The best way to understand it is how these events affect different periods of time, different people groups on the earth. So if we look at it like that it seems like the first part of it is a general word speaking to the gentile nations. Part one we looked at Jesus= words to the gentile nations about the end of the world. For the second part we began last week looking at Jesus= words to Israel about the end of the world. These Bible passages clearly talking about the rapture, before the tribulation period starts : 28 Likewise also as it was in the days of Lot; they did eat, they drank, they bought, they sold, they planted, they builded; (the rapture happens on normal , usual day, not during tribulation for 7 yrs) 29 But the same day that Lot went out of Sodom it rained fire and brimstone from heaven, and destroyed them all. 30 Even thus shall it be in the day when the Son of man is revealed. 31 In that day, he which shall be upon the housetop, and his stuff in the house, let him not come down to take it away: and he that is in the field, let him likewise not return back. 32 Remember Lot's wife. 33 Whosoever shall seek to save his life shall lose it; and whosoever shall lose his life shall preserve it. 34 I tell you, in that night there shall be two men in one bed; the one shall be taken, and the other shall be left. (rapture event,, people will be raptured and the others will be left behind) 35 Two women shall be grinding together; the one shall be taken, and the other left. (rapture event,, people will be raptured and the others will be left behind) 36 Two men shall be in the field; the one shall be taken, and the other left.(rapture event,, people will be raptured and the others will be left behind) Matt 24:37-44, KJV 37 But as the days of Noah were, so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. 38 For as in the days that were before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day that Noe entered into the ark, (the rapture happens on normal , usual day, not during tribulation for 7 yrs, many places in this world during the tribulation are already destroyed, majority people cannot afford to buy food, even partying, there will be famine and dead people and animals everywhere, if the rapture happens then, it does not make any sense with these verses) 39 And knew not until the flood came, and took them all away; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. 40 Then shall two be in the field; the one shall be taken, and the other left. (rapture event,, people will be raptured and the others will be left behind) 41 Two women shall be grinding at the mill; the one shall be taken, and the other left. (rapture event,, people will be raptured and the others will be left behind) 42 Watch therefore: for ye know not what hour your Lord doth come. (*The only one of the rapture that we cannot know the day and the hour is pre trib rapture, while the mid and post trib rapture, people can guess the time of the rapture, mid trib rapture , the rapture will happen 3 1/2 yrs later, post trib rapture the rapture will happen 7 yrs after the tribulation period starts) 43 But know this, that if the goodman of the house had known in what watch the thief would come, he would have watched, and would not have suffered his house to be broken up. 44 Therefore be ye also ready: for in such an hour as ye think not the Son of man cometh. THE DECISION YOU CAN MAKE RIGHT NOW, BE READY FOR THE RAPTURE OR FACING/ ENDURING GOD'S WRATH/ THE DAY OF THE LORD/ JACOB TROUBLE/ 7 YRS TRIBULATION IF YOU ARE LEFT BEHIND : Isa 13: 6-13, KJV 6 Howl ye; for the day of the Lord is at hand; it shall come as a destruction from the Almighty. 7 Therefore shall all hands be faint, and every man's heart shall melt: 8 And they shall be afraid: pangs and sorrows shall t ake hold of them; they shall be in pain as a woman that travaileth: they shall be amazed one at another; their faces shall be as flames. 9 Behold, the day of the Lord cometh, cruel both with wrath and fierce anger, to lay the land desolate: and he shall destroy the sinners thereof out of it. 10 For the stars of heaven and the constellations thereof shall not give their light: the sun shall be darkened in his going forth, and the moon shall not cause her light to shine. 11 And I will punish the world for their evil, and the wicked for their iniquity; and I will cause the arrogancy of the proud to cease, and will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible. 12 I will make a man more precious than fine gold; even a man than the golden wedge of Ophir. 13 Therefore I will shake the heavens, and the earth shall remove out of her place, in the wrath of the Lord of hosts, and in the day of his fierce anger. Zeph 2:1-3, KJV 1Gather yourselves together, yea, gather together, O nation not desired; 2 Before the decree bring forth, before the day pass as the chaff, before the fierce anger of the Lord come upon you, before the day of the Lord's anger come upon you. 3 Seek ye the Lord, all ye meek of the earth, which have wrought his judgment; seek righteousness, seek meekness: it may be ye shall be hid in the day of the Lord's anger. Psalm 27:5, KJV For in the time of trouble he shall hide me in his pavilion: in the secret of his tabernacle shall he hide me; he shall set me up upon a rock. Isa 26:17-21, KJV 17 Like as a woman with child, that draweth near the time of her delivery, is in pain, and crieth out in her pangs; so have we been in thy sight, O Lord. 18 We have been with child, we have been in pain, we have as it were brought forth wind; we have not wrought any deliverance in the earth; neither have the inhabitants of the world fallen. 19 Thy dead men shall live, together with my dead body shall they arise. Awake and sing, ye that dwell in dust: for thy dew is as the dew of herbs, and the earth shall cast out the dead. 20 Come, my people, enter thou into thy chambers, and shut thy doors about thee: hide thyself as it were for a little moment, until the indignation be overpast. 21 For, behold, the Lord cometh out of his place to punish the inhabitants of the earth for their iniquity: the earth also shall disclose her blood, and shall no more cover her slain. Rev 3:10-11, KJV 10 Because thou hast kept the word of my patience, I also will keep thee from the hour of temptation, which shall come upon all the world, to try them that dwell upon the earth. 11 Behold, I come quickly: hold that fast which thou hast, that no man take thy crown. UNFORTUNATELY MANY CHRISTIANS (I'M NOT TALKING ABOUT NON CHRISTIANS) WHO HATE THE RAPTURE, THEY DON'T LIKE TO HEAR ABOUT THAT, EVEN ATTACKING, SCOFFING AND MOCKING THE RAPTURE (PRE TRIB RAPTURE ) , IN THE REALITY IT'S CRYSTAL CLEAR THE BIBLE MENTIONS ABOUT THE CHURCH (BORN AGAIN BELIEVERS/ THE HOLY SPIRIT FILLED CHRISTIANS) WON'T BE HERE ON EARTH DURING 7 YRS TRIBULATION ! 2 Peter 3: 3-9, KJV 3 Knowing this first, that there shall come in the last days scoffers, walking after their own lusts, 4 And saying, Where is the promise of his coming? for since the fathers fell asleep, all things continue as they were from the beginning of the creation. 5 For this they willingly are ignorant of, that by the word of God the heavens were of old, and the earth standing out of the water and in the water: 6 Whereby the world that then was, being overflowed with water, perished: 7 But the heavens and the earth, which are now, by the same word are kept in store, reserved unto fire against the day of judgment and perdition of ungodly men. 8 But, beloved, be not ignorant of this one thing, that one day is with the Lord as a thousand years, and a thousand years as one day. 9 The Lord is not slack concerning his promise, as some men count slackness; but is longsuffering to us-ward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance. It is very clear in Rev 3:10 Rev 3:10 KJV Because thou hast kept the word of my patience, I also will keep thee from the hour of temptation, which shall come upon all the world, to try them that dwell upon the earth. Stephens 1550 Textus Receptus hoti eteresas ton logon tes upomones mou kago se tereso ek tes oras tou peirasmou tes mellouses ercesthai epi tes oikoumenes oles peirasai tous katoikountas epi tes ges Rev 3:10 GNT ὅτι ἐτήρησας τὸν λόγον τῆς ὑπομονῆς μου, κἀγώ σε τηρήσω ἐκ τῆς ὥρας τοῦ πειρασμοῦ τῆς μελλούσης ἔρχεσθαι ἐπὶ τῆς οἰκουμένης ὅλης, πειράσαι τοὺς κατοικοῦντας ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς. Thayer's Greek Definition : ἐκ / ἐξ ek / ex 1) out of, from, by, away from Part of Speech: preposition. ἐκ as preposition had been use hundred of times as the meaning of out of. Mat 2:15 KJV And was there until the death of Herod: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the prophet, saying, Out of Egypt have I called my son. Stephens 1550 Textus Receptus kai en ekei eos tes teleutes erodou ina plerothe to rethen upo tou kuriou dia tou prophetou legontos ex aiguptou ekalesa ton uion mou Mat 2:15 HNT καὶ ἦν ἐκεῖ ἕως τῆς τελευτῆς ῾Ηρῴδου, ἵνα πληρωθῇ τὸ ῥηθὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ Κυρίου διὰ τοῦ προφήτου λέγοντος· ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ἐκάλεσα τὸν υἱόν μου. Mat 7:5 KJV Thou hypocrite, first cast out the beam out of [ἐκ] thine own eye; and then shalt thou see clearly to cast out the mote out of thy brother's eye. Mat 15:19 KJV For out of [ἐξ] the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies: Mat 27:53 KJV And came out of [ἐκ] the graves after his resurrection, and went into the holy city, and appeared unto many. Rev 3:16 KJV So then because thou art lukewarm, and neither cold nor hot, I will spew thee out of [ἐκ] my mouth. If Lord Jesus says Rev 3:10 Rev 3:10 KJV Because thou hast kept the word of my patience, I also will keep thee from [ἐκ] the hour of temptation, which shall come upon all the world, to try them that dwell upon the earth. It means the true Christians will be out of 7 years Tribulation. We know some guys who are carrying Post Tribulation teaching or don't believe the rapture at all, and truly he does not understand what the word ἐκ means in Rev 3:10. More info :
Austin and Max Leclaire are brothers. Austin is older, Max is younger. Like most siblings, they have many things in common and just as many that set them apart. For now, though, their strongest bond is over something they share — Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common lethal genetic disorder among children. Duchenne’s hallmark is increasing muscle weakness that eventually makes it hard to breathe and confines kids to wheelchairs, which is where Austin finds himself these days. Now 14, he lost the ability to walk four years ago, a development that helps explain why the disease looks so different in the two brothers today. Because Max, 11, was still able to put one foot in front of another in the summer of 2011, he was eligible to enroll in a drug trial for Eteplirsen, which is designed for children like the Leclaire brothers who have trouble producing a protein called dystrophin. It’s likely that you’ve never heard of dystrophin, but it’s responsible for reinforcing and strengthening muscle fibers to gird them against wear and tear. Without it, normal activity strains the muscles, including the heart and lungs. Without it, kids with DMD die. Eteplirsen helps affected children make small amounts of the protein, which moderates the breakdown of muscles so when the fibers contract, they’re not as damaged or inflamed. Eteplirsen doesn’t restore muscle so it can’t help a child like Austin walk again, but it does seem to slow, even stop, the progression of disease. That’s important since most kids with DMD don’t make it past their 25th birthday. It could be the reason that Max is still walking and Austin is not. And that’s why their mom, Jenn McNary, 32, has added the title of “activist” to her already exhausting list of responsibilities. Austin and Max are just two of McNary’s kids; she has four others. They all need a mother advocating for them, but Austin needs her most of all. It’s a cliché of parenthood that a mother would do anything for her child. McNary is trying. From her home in Saxtons River, Vt., a quaint village that spans half a square mile, she is taking on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), petitioning them to apply a new federal law that reinforces the agency’s ability, in certain situations, to accelerate a drug’s approval. When the FDA, which approves pharmaceuticals, does agree to expedite temporary approval — it doesn’t do so often — the permanent green light ultimately follows, pending completion of years-long clinical trials. A nod from the FDA would mean more patients, Austin included, could potentially take the drug. “I am telling them, Hey guys, here’s this drug, it fits that law,” says McNary. “Here are these kids who are on the drug and doing well. Here’s my son who’s not. I’m saying, Please make this drug available and give it accelerated approval.” Preliminary trials have showed that Eteplirsen does what it’s designed to do with no adverse effects. Shouldn’t children who could benefit be able to access it before they get even weaker? When companies study drug candidates in trials, they set strict criteria for which patients they test. In some cases, they’ll focus on the least affected patients because they might have the best chance of responding to a new treatment; more severely affected patients may be beyond help. Eteplirsen has not been studied in kids like Austin who can’t walk because focusing on those who can appears to be the speediest path to drug approval. But Chris Garabedian, CEO of Sarepta Therapeutics, which makes Eteplirsen, believes the drug will help kids with DMD across the spectrum. If the drug were to receive temporary approval, doctors could prescribe to anyone they believe might benefit.“With a disease like Duchenne’s, where every year they have progressive muscle deterioration, waiting two or three additional years to just feel like we have a little more information doesn’t make sense,” says Garabedian. “These kids are dying.” Garabedian recently requested a meeting with the FDA to make his company’s case that its drug is eligible to be considered for accelerated approval. He’ll share studies conducted both in the U.S. and in Europe. “Why do we subject families to waiting several more years to get confirmatory study results when there is early evidence that the drug works and it’s safe?” he says. Eteplirsen is considered an orphan drug by the FDA, which means it treats a disease that affects fewer than 200,000 patients. With less than 15,000 children living with DMD in the U.S., Eteplirsen actually falls into an even rarer category: it’s called an “ultra orphan drug” because the mechanism by which it works will have an effect on less than 2,000 children with the disease. Historically, the FDA has used its ability to accelerate approval sparingly. In 2011, just 10% of 30 new drugs qualified under the agency’s accelerated approval program; in 2012, only four made the cut. The agency is under heavy scrutiny to make sure that drugs are safe before they’re made widely available. The pressure may be even more intense when it comes to drugs for children, whose developing bodies are still developing. “There are special protections in place for children who participate in research,” wrote Sandy Walsh, team leader for medical products and tobacco in the FDA Office of Public Affairs, in an email response to questions about the process. In July, Congress passed new legislation called the FDA Safety and Innovation Act; it included a new designation known as “breakthrough” therapy that joins three other programs to speed the development and availability of “potentially really beneficial” drugs, says Erica Jefferson, deputy director of the FDA Office of Public Affairs. The new legislation is not very different from existing laws that allow for accelerated approval, which were applied to bring AIDS drugs to dying patients as quickly as possible. Accelerated approval grants a conditional thumbs-up contingent upon further studies. Since 1993, accelerated approvals have shaved an average of six to seven months off the traditional processing time. “We don’t want to introduce anything that is not going to work and does more harm than good,” says Jefferson, who is prohibited from discussing the specifics of any drug under review. “But this is an acknowledgment that there are treatments out there that can be potential game-changers.” The Leclaire boys, as do all kids with DMD, need nothing short of a game-changer. For Max, Eteplirsen has been just that. He’s regained 60% of normal dystrophin production, up from 0% when he began the trial in 2011 with 11 other kids. When he enrolled, he could walk but got so exhausted that he often collapsed into a wheelchair. But last year, he joined a soccer team. He now climbs stairs; in December he was able for the first time to join his class on a field trip to a nearby farm, ascending the steps on a regular schoolbus. “I don’t look at Max and think Duchenne’s any more,” says McNary. “His stamina is less than other kids and he gets more tired, but he really doesn’t have a whole lot of limitations.” Austin, on the other hand, is failing. It’s excruciating to watch the divide between the two brothers widen. In October, Max marched in a Halloween parade, dressed as a skeleton. Austin was confined to his wheelchair, impersonating a hot dog cart. Max is growing in independence, able to twist or pop open his own food containers and carry a full-sized backpack to school. Meanwhile, Austin can barely pick up a glass of water. Max is running again, hiking up a sledding hill; Austin struggles to sit up. Austin can no longer put on his own jacket without help. He can’t roll over in bed on his own. With Max looking toward the future, his older brother can barely survive the present. Austin was diagnosed a few months after Max was born. A late bloomer, Austin had trouble scooting up stairs; his pediatrician thought McNary was babying her first-born, carrying him too much. When Austin was 3, McNary took him to a physical therapist, who surmised that he had DMD. McNary was told not to worry; there was no way Max had it also. Then he was diagnosed too. And so began a crash course in a disease McNary had never heard of. She can now spout off technical explanations about the exon, the segment of DNA that codes for a protein, that her boys are missing — exon 52. Eteplirsen helps compensate for its absence, hopscotching over the missing genetic material so that Max makes some dystrophin. McNary lays all this out in neat graphics on her website, DMDhero. “It’s not a cure,” says McNary, “but it’s enough.” If it’s enough to make field trips and Halloween parades possible, that’s enough to motivate McNary to lobby the FDA to make the drug available to all children who could potentially benefit. McNary’s petition on Change.org asks the FDA director to “approve the medicine my boys need to survive — both my sons deserve to live.” She plans to present the document, which has garnered more than 170,000 signatures, on Feb. 13 in Washington, D.C., following meetings with members of Congress by hundreds of families who have children with DMD. Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy and the National Organization for Rare Disorders will be there too. McNary hopes to meet with senior FDA officials. Should she get an audience, she’ll speak on behalf of all DMD parents when she conveys what it’s like to watch one son get better while the other gets worse: “We all know,” McNary will tell them, “that our kids are going to die if they don’t get something.”
Wash Your Hands Often Hand washing is one of the most effective ways to reduce your risk of getting a cold or the flu. Wash your hands often, especially when you come in contact with someone who is sick. Even if someone in your house has the flu, you can reduce your risk of getting sick by washing your hands. Effective ways to prevent respiratory infections include: - Washing your hands thoroughly (15-20 seconds) with soap and water - Avoiding hand-to-hand passage of germs and droplet sprays from sneezing and coughing - Using alcohol-based hand gels when washing is not possible Wear a Face Mask If you have to be in close contact with a sick person, wear a face mask or a disposable respirator. Wearing a face mask and washing your hands can help to reduce your risk of getting the flu. Do Not Share Items Do not share drinks or personal items. Keep Your Hands Away From Your Face Do not bite your nails or put your hands near your eyes, mouth, or nose. Avoid Crowds During Influenza Season This may not be a very practical suggestion for everyone. However, if you are at high risk of catching a cold or influenza or are at risk for developing complications from these infections, try to avoid crowded areas or people who are obviously sick during the flu season. Get a Flu Vaccine Each year, the World Health Organization (WHO) tries to determine which strains of the influenza virus will be most dangerous in the upcoming influenza season. Vaccines are developed for these strains. Flu vaccines are available and recommended for most people aged 6 months and older. There is a vaccine against the avian flu , but it is not available to the general public. The seasonal flu vaccine has been associated with fewer hospitalizations and deaths from influenza or pneumonia among the elderly living in a community. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that anyone aged 6 months and older should get a yearly flu vaccine. Children 6 months to 8 years of age will need 2 doses of the vaccine to help build immunity to the virus. There are two types of seasonal flu vaccines: - Flu shot—This is for people aged 6 months and older. The shot is made from an inactivated, killed virus. It is given by injection, usually into the arm. - Nasal spray flu vaccine—This is approved for healthy people aged 2-49 years who are not pregnant. It is made from live, weakened flu viruses. It is the preferred vaccine for healthy children who are 2 to 8 years of age. A possible side effect is a mild "flu-like" reaction, including fever, aches, and fatigue. Up to 5% of people experience these symptoms after getting the seasonal influenza vaccine. Flu vaccines are available at doctors' offices, hospitals, local public health offices, and at some workplaces, stores, and shopping malls. Most people do not need to take antiviral medicines. But, you may want to talk to your doctor about taking these medicines to lower your risk of getting the flu if you: - Are exposed to the flu, and - Are at high risk of having complications If you have the flu and live with someone who is at risk for complications (for example, elderly, babies, someone with cancer), that person may need to take antiviral medicines to prevent getting the flu from you. Remember that these medicines are not a substitute for getting vaccinated. Vaccination is still the best way to prevent the flu. There are a number of alternative treatments that have been studied as potential ways to prevent colds and the flu. Some that may have protective benefits include: - Zinc —Taking a daily zinc supplement may reduce your risk of getting sick. - Andrographis (also called "Indian echinacea")—This herb may increase your resistance to colds. - Vitamin C —A daily dose of this vitamin may also help you to stay healthy. While echinacea is often labeled as a "cold fighter," the overall evidence is not very strong to support this herb's preventive effects. Remember to talk to your doctor before taking any herbs or supplements. They can interact with other medicines you are taking or worsen a condition that you have. - Reviewer: David L. Horn, MD, FACP - Review Date: 09/2014 - - Update Date: 09/17/2014 -
Dr. McCreery is an associate director of audiology and staff scientist at Boys Town National Research Hospital in Omaha, NE. “How much does s/he wear the hearing aid each day?” This is the question I used to ask parents of their infants or young children who were deaf or hard of hearing and wore a hearing aid. Table. Asking parent...Image Tools “All the time.” “Whenever s/he is awake.” “From morning until bedtime.” These were the most common replies. I was quite content with them, since full-time hearing aid use was our goal. Until recently, it was rare for me to probe further into the issue. Then several important developments changed my perspective and forced me to think about new ways to support parents and caregivers and to encourage consistent hearing aid use. Figure. Ryan McCreer...Image Tools The first major development was the widespread availability of data-logging systems in hearing aids. In addition to tracking other interesting pieces of information, many hearing aids calculate the average amount of time they're used each day, a metric that can be monitored through the manufacturer's programming software. Oftentimes, parent or caregiver reports of hearing aid use in our clinic were consistent with the information collected by the hearing aid data logging. In other cases, however, there was a large disparity between the two, with parents or caregivers reporting full-time use and data logging suggesting only limited use. We know that hearing aids provide critical access to the acoustic cues needed to promote speech and language development, and we would repeatedly convey this fact to parents during counseling sessions and hearing aid appointments. Two recent research studies have helped redefine our expectations for hearing aid use in children and shed light on the factors that can influence how much these young patients wear the devices. Work by Jones and Launer, for example, suggested that approximately 40 percent of children used their hearing aids for four hours or less per day (paper presented at: A Sound Foundation Through Early Amplification; Nov. 8-10, 2010; Chicago). This figure is based on data from 5,000 children with hearing loss. The number of hours of hearing aid use increased with age, which is consistent with clinical experience; compared with older children, getting infants and toddlers to keep their hearing aids in their ears is more of a challenge. However, clinicians would likely raise concerns if their pediatric patients were using their hearing aids for four hours or less per day. A study by Walker and colleagues found reasonable agreement between parent reports and data logging, with the former exceeding the latter by an average of two hours (Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2013;44:73-88). However, when parents reported 12 hours of daily use, the data-logging value ranged from two to 15 hours. This variability indicates that while many parents are reliable reporters of their children's hearing aid use, others may be reporting what they think the audiologist wants to hear. Both studies suggest that there may be a significant gap between clinician and parent expectations of hearing aid use in children. FOCUS ON SPECIFIC SITUATIONS How can audiologists more accurately estimate hearing aid use and encourage parents and caregivers to support consistent wear without becoming the data-logging police? The first step is to build rapport and provide support for parents and caregivers by setting realistic expectations. While full-time use should always be our ultimate goal, we should start by acknowledging the difficulty of promoting hearing aid wear in children. This acknowledgement can spark conversations about these challenges and strategies to address them. Data logging should be clearly presented to parents and families as a way to help monitor the function and effectiveness of hearing aids. Parents may express concerns about privacy; however, a demonstration of the type of information that is available from the system can assure them that the data is aggregated over many hours of use and that the information received by the hearing aid is not being recorded. The option to disable data logging should be provided if there are persistent concerns. Additionally, a discussion of the differences between parent report and data logging should be handled carefully, as the validity of specific data-logging systems has not been established. Changing the questions we ask parents and caregivers about hearing aid use can help better reveal successes and challenges. Moeller and colleagues (Am J Audiol 2009;18:14-23) asked parents about hearing aid use in different listening situations, such as while the child is having a meal, riding in the car, or playing. Identifying situations where hearing aid use is successful and confirming situations that are more challenging is an alternative to simply asking about the amount of hearing aid use (see the table on page 16). This approach allows clinicians to highlight the importance of using hearing aids during highly communicative situations, such as when reading a book with the child, and to work with parents to develop strategies for facilitating hearing aid use in the difficult situations. Importantly, addressing specific situations gives the clinician an opportunity to emphasize the positive steps parents and caregivers have made toward achieving consistent hearing aid use. The best-fit hearing aid is not beneficial if the child never uses it. Discussing the particular listening situations where hearing aid use is successful and most challenging can be much more informative than simply asking how much time the child is able to wear the device. © 2013 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.
Web scraping is not a new technique, but it has become more popular in today’s era of big data. Web scraping is incredibly useful for capturing a vast amount of data over a short period of time; it takes the manual work out of collecting information from various online sources. As automated data collection becomes more popular, it is adopted in a wider variety of situations. You can, for instance, use scraping to gather marketing data, collect emails or contact details. A lot of online travel agents use web scraping to collect airline ticket prices or information about hotel rates automatically. Others use web scraping for collecting data about competitors. There are also multitudes of tools available for web scraping. And, while Python has become the probably most used programming language for web scraping in the world, there are a lot of debate about the best Py libraries to use, as scraping professionals constantly debate over using Selenium or whether you can compare Scrapy vs BeautifulSoup. A lot of web scraping tools are made using Python for a number of simple reasons, starting with the fact that Python is a programming language with a large community of developers behind it. Since there are more developers supporting the programming language, there are more ready-made libraries, frameworks, and programming tools available for Python. Python is also relatively easy to use compared to other programming languages. As a coding language, Python is also known to be flexible. You can integrate different libraries and existing frameworks, eliminating the need to code something from scratch when you want to develop new apps using Python. Even better, Python is easy to integrate. A lot of web scraping tools made using Python work really well with additional tools and modules for data processing. For example, you can streamline data collection and processing using multiple tools in a pipeline. As long as the input parameters are correct, the whole process is fully automated. Add the fact that Python codes are optimized, and you get the perfect framework for developing apps like web scraping tools. You don’t need long codes and complex programs to get the results you are searching for. Web Scraping Using Python The process of web scraping happens in four simple steps. First, a URL is crawled, and the page is analyzed. Next, the scraping tool will find the exact data you want to extract based on predetermined parameters. The next part of the process is making sure that the same pattern is found when other pages are crawled so that the process can be repeated. Once relevant details are extracted, the information gets processed and displayed. You can choose to use the information directly or do more processing to refine the insights further. As mentioned before, the entire process can be streamlined using multiple Python libraries. Speaking of Python libraries, there are a quite a few to choose from. Scrapy is perhaps the most popular library for web crawling since it was developed from the ground up as a web spider. The latest version can also handle scraping information from APIs; it can make direct API calls and store information accordingly. Beautiful Soup can be used to parse HTML and XML pages. When combined with a web scraping tool like Scrapy, Beautiful Soup can make information on web pages and other sources easier to extract. It may not have built-in crawlers, but the library is easy to integrate with other tools made using Python. For data analysis, you can use Pandas. This Python library is very popular for analyzing data. It structures the crawled data to make further analysis easier. It also manipulates data based on the parameters you define, which means you can use Pandas to gain relevant insights from a massive data stream. To ensure smooth and effective crawling, it is also a good idea to add a web scraping proxy. A web scraping proxy acts as an intermediary between your computer – the computer running scraping scripts – and the servers you want to crawl. The proxied IP addresses are less prone to security measures like blocking and banning. Scraping with Beautiful Soup and Scrapy As explained before, the best way to get relevant and contextual information through web scraping is by utilizing multiple Python tools. In this case, you can combine Beautiful Soup and Scrapy to effectively collect data from various online sources. Scrapy will handle the crawling part of the equation. The tool is designed to create crawlers that will scour the internet for relevant pages. It will then download and store information, mainly in HTML form, for processing. It is a capable crawling tool, but it has limited ability to parse information on a more advanced level. Start with the scope of your project. Scrapy lets you define the scope using parameters such as allowed_domains and start_urls, so it is easy to limit the scope of the project to certain websites or a cluster of them. This is where Beautiful Soup comes in handy. The HTML parsing tool is equipped with features and functions to extract specific information from web pages. It can also process XML documents, even when the structure of the documents is not properly organized. Beautiful Soup’s ability to be precise and accurate is what makes the combination so effective. Additional modules like urllib2 can also be used to streamline the process further. Using native commands like info(), you can also collect additional information from the pages you crawl. This leads to a more refined scraping process since you can process data based on meta-information rather than the entire content. Configure everything correctly and you will soon get relevant, contextual information from any source on the internet. Turning scraped data into insights will be an even more streamlined process once you start adding extra Python libraries to your workflow. The rest should be easy from there.
A gene therapy designed to fight pulmonary fibrosis (PF) by extending the lifespan of lung cells has been found safe and does not cause or increase the risk of cancer in the lungs, despite some concerns to the contrary, a mouse study shows. Earlier this year, a research team at the Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), led by molecular biologist Maria A. Blasco, PhD, developed a gene therapy for PF that treats the disease as age-related. The therapy is based on the reactivation of the telomerase gene. Activation of the telomerase gene has the potential to promote cancer, which is why CNIO researchers set out to prove this is not the case with their gene therapy. The study, “AAV9-mediated telomerase activation does not accelerate tumorigenesis in the context of oncogenic K-Ras-induced lung cancer,” was published in the journal PLOS Genetics. Telomeres are protein structures located at the end of the tip of chromosomes, and are known as the cell’s clock since they keep track of cell division and lifespan. Specifically, telomeres work as caps that protect the chromosomes from damage, similar to the aglets at the end of shoelaces. As time goes by, though, telomeres are shortened and lose their protective ability. The outcome is that chromosomes are no longer protected and begin to accumulate damages in each cell division. Eventually, the cells stop dividing, halting regeneration and triggering aging. PF is one of the diseases linked to this telomeric shortening, with patients having shorter telomeres. The gene therapy developed by the CNIO researchers activates the enzyme telomerase that works to repair and increase the length of telomeres. In a previous study, they showed that the therapy was able to improve lung function and reduce inflammation and fibrosis in a PF mouse model. To introduce the telomerase gene into lung cells, the gene therapy uses the AAV9 viral vector, a virus modified to be harmless to humans. However, activating telomerase is also one of the mechanisms cancer cells use to be able to grow continuously. The AAV viral vector used is not able to penetrate the cell’s DNA — doing so would allow it to be permanently maintained throughout the cell division process — which means that the telomerase activation is limited to a few rounds of dividing cells. With each cell division, bits of the vector are loss, and after a few rounds it disappears, minimizing the risk for cancer development. However, to really assess the gene therapy’s cancer-associated risk, CNIO researchers have now tested it in a mouse model of human lung cancer, which was generated to completely lack the TP53 gene, one of the most important tumor suppressors in the genome, and to have a cancer-promoting gene (known as oncogenes) called K-RAS activated. “In our research, we were already seeing that this gene therapy does not increase the risk of cancer, but we wanted to conduct what is known as a ‘killer experiment,’ an experiment that creates the worst conditions for your hypothesis to hold true; if it survives even under those circumstances, the hypothesis is truly solid,” Blasco said in a press release. “That is why we chose these mice; they are animals that spontaneously develop a type of lung cancer that is very similar to the human form, which normally never appears in normal mice. We can’t think of any other experiment that would provide a better demonstration of the safety of this therapy,” she said. Mice received one injection of the gene therapy. Results showed that the telomerase-activating gene therapy had no effect (either increased or decreased) on the onset or progression of lung cancer in this mouse model. “These findings suggests that gene therapy with telomerase appears to be safe, even in a pro-tumor context,” Blasco said. Overall, the “findings expand on the safety of AAV-mediated telomerase activation as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diseases associated to short telomeres,” the team concluded in the study.
A Answers (4) I believe the average age for starting to smoke in the United States is a high school senior, age 18, but the range is from age 12 to age 35. It used to be around 14 or 15, kids trying to be cool or trying to show off for other people. Most likely people start smoking when they first recognize people around them smoking which is usually their teenage years. Approximately 80-90 percent of smokers start smoking before the age of 18. This can be from social pressure, stigma to be more like adults, or match popular mentors. As you might have guessed, most smokers try their first cigarette before they are 18 years old. In the 12-17 age group, the average age of first use is 15.1 years. In the 18-25 age group, the average age of first use is 18.9. This is the reason we urge kids to never start. The younger you are when you first start smoking, the greater your risk for developing nicotine dependence and cancer. This content reflects information from various individuals and organizations and may offer alternative or opposing points of view. It should not be used for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. As always, you should consult with your healthcare provider about your specific health needs.
New sunspot group bombards Earth with solar flares - and one blast disrupts radio communications in Europe A violent new sunspot is bombarding the Earth with particles from solar flares - including a blast that affected some radio transmissions across Europe. Nasa's Solar Dynamics Observatory captured an M5.6-class solar flare erupting from the sun's surface starting on July 2, from a huge sunspot called AR1515 in the sun's southern hemisphere. The blast of particles - a 'coronal mass ejection' - was not directed towards Earth, but the charged particles caused brief radio interference across Europe. Scroll down for video NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory saw an active region on the sun, labeled AR1515, sent out an M5.3 class solar flare that peaked on Independence Day July 4th, 2012 This image, captured by the Solar Dynamics Observatory, shows the M5.3 class solar flare that peaked on July 4, 2012 SUMI'ss instruments are designed to study magnetic fields of the sun's chromosphere -- a thin layer of solar atmosphere sandwiched between the visible surface, photosphere and its atmosphere, the corona From a different spot, but on that same day, the sun unleashed a coronal mass ejection (CME) that began at 4:36 AM on Tuesday. Models from the NASA's Space Weather Center at Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md, described the CME at traveling at nearly 700 miles per second, but do not show it heading toward Earth. Sunspots are darker than the surrounding area because they are slightly cooler, which makes them less luminous. They are caused by the sun’s magnetic field becoming twisted – and it’s this twisting dynamic that can produce coronal mass ejections. These contain billions of tons of gases bursting with X-rays and ultraviolet radiation. They are mind-bogglingly hot – around 100,000,000C. The chromosphere is a narrow layer above the photosphere that raises in temperature with height. Normally, it can't be seen by the naked eye because the light from the photosphere of the Sun overpowers it. The coloring of the chromosphere (deep red) is caused by the immense hydrogen supply it contains The Earth is occasionally hit by these ejections, leading to amazing shimmering light shows. They are the result of ionised solar particles becoming imprisoned by Earth’s magnetic field, exciting the gases in the atmosphere and emitting bursts of energy in the form of light. However, these particles can also cause magnetic storms, which in extreme cases have been known to disrupt satellites and electricity grids. In 1989, a CME was held responsible for leaving six million people in Quebec, Canada, without power. Solar activity runs in 11-year cycles, with the current one peaking in 2013, so more violent space weather is on the horizon. Dr Matthew Penn, of the National Solar Observatory in Arizona, said recently: 'Because the sun is becoming more active, it will have an impact on millions of people. Sunspots can cause the biggest and most damaging space storms that occur. 'During the next two years, we are expecting the number of sunspots visible on the sun to reach a maximum. We know that sunspots are the source of a lot of space weather and solar storms, so we expect a larger number of solar storms here at the Earth.’
A dormant volcano which is thought never to have erupted before begun erupting on January the 5th on the island of Kadovar off the northern coast of Papua New Guinea has now resulted in the evacuation of nearly 2,000 people to the wonderful sounding island of Blup Blup. According to Reuters, the volcano exploded on Friday, blasting out glowing red rocks and sulphur dioxide, the Rabaul Volcanological Observatory said in a bulletin. The PNG government then decided to evacuate Blup Blup as well because of issues with supplying people on the island along with the danger from the eruption. The evacuees are being moved to the mainland In the latest bulletin issued on Sunday, the Observatory said a dome of lava on Kadover was visible in the sea at the base of thick white steam clouds that are rising to 600 meters (1,969 feet) above sea level. January has been a remarkable start for volcanic activity in 2018 with many experts claiming this year will be a record year for quakes and eruptions...So far so good. Five volcanoes around the world have erupted or shown activity in the last 24 hours. The Mayon volcano in the Philippines, Bali's Mount Agung, the Stromboli volcano Eolian Islands in Italy and the Tenorio volcano Costa Rica and the 7th in just over a week when we add The Klyuchevskoy Volcano in the Kamchatka Region and the above volcano eruption on Kadovar Island Papua New Guinea.
Students will have fun with addition of decimal problems using my matching card game. Make math fun with this matching card game. It can be used for reviewing or evaluating specific skills. It can also be used as an activating strategy or simply use it on a game day. The game takes approximately 20 minutes or less to play and is quick and easy to grade. Print the worksheet. Card stock is recommended. Card stock will increase the durability of the cards and make them easier to use. Cut the cards apart and save each set of cards in an envelope. Students can work individually or in pairs to play the game. When the game is finished, the cards will form a 3 x 4 grid . Each card contains problems and answers around the edge of the card. The students will match the problem on one card to the correct answer on another card. Students should orient the cards so that the card descriptions are on the bottom of the card. To check to see if the cards have been matched correctly, simply have the student record their answers on my free Matching Game Recording sheet and check to see if the letters in the middle of the cards are in the correct order. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License
If you’re a female-identifying teen and you attend high school, chances are good that you take, or will take, a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math) class. Physics, biology, and chemistry are the usual suspects. We’re writing to share some collective wisdom with you from our own high-school experience. Discouraged from a promising career in science, Eileen Pollack published her 2015 memoir The Only Woman in the Room to unravel the many instances of sexism, large and small, which push women like her out of STEM fields. The first woman proposed for membership in the Royal Society, Hertha Ayrton created inventions from tools architects used for enlarging and reducing drawings to fans that could clear poison gas from mine shafts. Praised by many, including Albert Einstein, as the most important woman in the history of mathematics, Emmy Noether helped develop abstract algebra and crafted a theorem explaining the connection between symmetry and conservation laws in physics. One of only three women physicists certified to teach at the university level before WWII, Hedwig Kohn did research on measuring the intensity of light which was still cited by physicists over a decade after her death. Dr. Feynman fought an uphill battle—she had the smarts and the ability, but she was living in a world that wasn’t able to support or encourage a woman in science. Realizing the realities of the academic culture, she relegated her ambitions to being an assistant to a male physicist. Luckily for all of us—and for the field of theoretical physics—the support of her brother helped her set her goals at being a “high-medium physicist.” One <em>Erev Pesach</em> my grandmother demonstrated physics at the University of Toronto for three hours, went to the radio studio to tape a live broadcast, taped two more broadcasts for the upcoming days of <em>Yom Tov</em>, and came home to make <em>seder</em>. Rosalyn Yalow had two strikes against her in her effort to become a physicist: She was a Jew and a woman. She persevered, and not only earned a career in science and many awards—including a Nobel Prize—but changed the medical world with the introduction of radioimmunoassay. In October 2003 the European Commission published She Figures, a survey on women in science and technology in member countries and associates (including Israel), which cited statistics and other data that provide a basis for measuring the degree of progress towards equality of the sexes in these spheres. Journalist, educator, homemaker, and community stalwart with a Ph.D. in physics, Mattie (née Levi) Rotenberg was born in Toronto to parents who had immigrated as teenagers when Jewish Toronto was a village with a population of barely 2000.
Ethnomusicologymusic in its cultural context, cultural musicology. It can be considered the anthropology or ethnography of music. Jeff Todd Titon has called it the study of "people making music". It is often thought of as a study of non-Western musics, but often includes the study of Western music from an anthropological perspective. While musicology contends to be purely about music itself (almost always western classical music), ethnomusicologists are often interested in putting the music they study into a wider cultural context. Ethnomusicology as it emerged in the late 19th century and early 20th century, practiced by people such as Vinko Zganec, Franjo Ksaver, Carl Stumpf, Erich von Hornbostel, Curt Sachs and Alexander J. Ellis, tended to focus on non-European music of an oral tradition, but in more recent years the field has expanded to embrace all musical styles from all parts of the world. Ethnomusicologists apply theory and methods from cultural anthropology as well as other disciplines in the social sciences and humanities. People who have done well known ethnomusicological work have sometimes been previously trained as anthropologists studying many other aspects of a society as well as their music. A well known example of such a study is Colin Turnbull's study of the Mbuti pygmies. Another example is Jaime de Angulo, a linguist who ended up learning much about the music of the Indians of Northern California (see ). Yet another is Anthony Seeger, professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, who studied the music and society of the Suya people in Mato Grosso, Brazil (see ). Three important centers for ethnomusicological study are the Universities of California at Los Angeles, Santa Barbara and Indiana University, Bloomington,Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Research at University of Zagreb, Croatia.
There are many French words that have slid nicely into everyday English language but a few of them continue to cause the occasional visage rouge when written down. Let’s look at a few gendered ones first, for they present a quandary that most English writers will confront at some point. Then we’ll venture into the complexity of some plural forms for words of foreign origin. So, if you are describing a fair-haired woman of light complexion, she will be blonde. However, her equally light-haired, fair-skinned male companion will be blond. And, when describing their their close friends, a darker-haired couple, the woman would properly be described as brunette and the man as brunet. Yes, you might say, that’s pretty easy to remember when it comes to living beings, but how about a light-coloured wooden cabinet? The English language doesn’t tend to ascribe gender to objects with quite the enthusiasm that several European languages, including French, will do. Well, when it comes to objects of unknown gender – such as the cabinet just mentioned – or mixed multiples, we use the male form, blond. Let’s say our blond couple are engaged. So, he is her fiancé and she is his fiancée. When we speak these words aloud it is almost impossible to detect a difference in pronunciation. When it comes to making foreign words plural, let’s take as an example a Latin word most writers will know: alumni. Staying with our engaged couple – who also happen to be graduates of the same university – they can be described as alumni of that university. However, he is an alumnus and she an alumna. If she met up with a group of other female graduates they would be alumnae. Don’t you just love Latin declensions? Then there are words, such as the delightfully French bureau, which cause writers a bit of fun in the plural. Some news outlets and publishers are happy to go with bureaus, but the correct form is bureaux. So, when our couples arrive in Paris for a joint holiday, they may have several bureaux de change (currency exchanges) to choose from or, perhaps, they will simply use the bureau de change on their arrival at Orly airport to convert their dollars to euros. While they are visiting France, our two couples may nip down to the principality of Monaco just off the fabulous Mediterranean coastline to catch the famous Grand Prix. In years to come, the beaux may insist on watching many grands prix on television together, to recapture that thrilling Formula 1 experience, while the women go shopping at their favourite perfumery for eaux de cologne. Decades down the track we may find, to our dismay, that one of our young couples – having been wed under the Arc de Triomphe at the Western end of the Champs-Élysées – have decided to go their own ways. After their marriage ended, she would then be a divorcée and he a divorcé. My only tip for reporters and writers is to commit these trickier words to memory and, if uncertain, check back here. Bon chance. FOOTNOTE: US writers may find that newsrooms and publishers no longer distinguish between the masculine and feminine versions of French and other foreign words, opting instead to standardise on the masculine form. This is yet to happen in the UK or Australia.
Now the little stream on the city's outskirts is home to frogs, toads and newts; an emblem of Bradford's success in healing the environmental blight caused by its pivotal role in the industrial revolution. The Yorkshire city more associated with dark satanic mills than rolling hills comes top of the environmental impact league table in the Sustainable Cities Index published today by Forum for the Future, the charity founded by Jonathon Porritt. Brighton and Hove came top overall in the index which ranks the 20 largest British cities according to social, economic and environmental performance. Three league tables measure environmental impact, quality of life for residents and "future proofing" - how well the city is addressing issues such as climate change, recycling and biodiversity. Brighton won despite coming 15th in the environmental impact league table, because it was found to have the best quality of life - measured by healthy life expectancy at 65 and satisfaction with green spaces and bus services. Low unemployment coupled and a highly educated population also counted, and the city came top of the future proofing league because of the council's commitment to tackle climate change and recycling. "The fact that Brighton and Hove is in the most affluent part of the country is reflected perhaps in the higher scores for quality of life and the lower score for environment impact," said the report accompanying the index. Edinburgh was judged the second most sustainable city in Britain. The Scottish capital scored highly for air quality, public open spaces, employment, education and healthy life expectancy. London was ranked 10th. Although the capital came sixth for both quality of life and future proofing - with one of the most ambitious civic climate change action plans in the world, pollution brought it down to 17th in the green league table. Liverpool was found to be the least sustainable of the 20 cities surveyed. Poor water quality along with high unemployment, low educational attainment and low healthy life expectancy at age 65 let the city down, as did its failure to plan for a more sustainable future. Berni Turner, Liverpool city council's executive member for environment, said: "I am surprised we did badly on water quality because the river Mersey is cleaner than it has been for generations and now supports cod and salmon, while on the environment we have more green open space than many other cities, which we are committed to improving. We recognise we have a long way to go and this is a useful benchmark, but statistics can never tell the whole story." Despite Bradford's success in the green league table, it fared less well on quality of life and future proofing, pulling it down to ninth place in the overall index. Bradford scored highly in the survey for sustainable waste treatment and the results show in the unexpectedly beautiful surroundings of one of Europe's largest sewage works. This has always been an area of innovation in the city; in the wool days, lanolin was extracted from its stinking waste and sold to cosmetics manufacturers. Today, as Yorkshire Water's asset delivery manager Simon Gibby points out on a tour of the filter beds, byproducts include ash for builders' breeze blocks, electric power (from methane and a sewage-powered turbine) and the city's latest pride and joy - recycled sludge. "A lot of the £70m we're spending here has gone on a scheme which mixes sewage sludge with Bradford's green recycling waste in a huge cake," he says. "We sow this with rye grass, whose roots destroy remaining pollutants, and the result is a rich soil compound which is excellent for 'green' landfill." Residents can see otters and kingfishers within a walk of the once-filthy city centre. "The council's always going on about the environment and so they should be," said Roy Murgatroyd, out for a breath of fresh air in Manningham Park with his wife, Olive. "It was green sheep fields and clean water which got the textile industry started here. It's only right that we should be putting it back in order now that the mills have pretty much gone." Forum for the Future plans to publish the sustainable cities index annually. The charity's chief executive, Peter Madden, said: "We are now a majority urban world and this trend will intensify so we have to learn to live in cities in a more sustainable way. UK cities make claims about being green and eco-friendly without any real objective criteria to back it up. Our index will provide a base line and create healthy competition between cities to encourage sustainable urbanisation."
Antonia Steadman, of Bristol, England, wasn’t even of school age when the German Luftwaffe commenced flying over the cities and towns of Britain and bombing them. Beginning on the night of November 2, 1940, Bristol was hit by six major air raids and more than 70 less intense attacks. Bristol was of particular interest to the Nazi marauders because it was an important English port and a large airplane factory was located there. Over the next five months, Bristol endured 548 air raid alerts. The alerts continued throughout the war. Each time the sirens sounded for the next five years, little Antonia was either carried or walked, unassisted, into the concrete, windowless basement of the home she, her older brother, and her mother shared. During much of that time, her father, Anthony, a major with the Gloucestershire 10th Regiment, fought in the jungles of Burma (now Myanmar). Little Antonia hardly knew that lights could be turned on, either in homes and businesses or on the streets, at night in Bristol. From the onset of the Battle of Britain to the German surrender on May 7th and 8th, 1945, Bristol, like all British cities and towns, was blacked out. The better to avoid detection by Luftwaffe pilots. Nevertheless, the German aviators were able, with the help of moonlight on clear nights, to follow the path of the River Avon right into Bristol’s center. All told, the Germans dropped tens of thousands of bombs on Bristol. Here’s a June 1940 photograph of the bombed-out hulk of Bristol’s St. Mary le Port church: On January 3rd and 4th, 1941, Bristol endured a 12-hour bombing raid. A 12-minute bombing raid must seem an eternity to even the most hardened folks. Imagine how long 12 hours of hiding below ground and listening to the booms above must have seemed to a small child. When Major Anthony Steadman’s regiment was sent to Burma to fight the Japanese, Antonia had only the slightest understanding of why people went to war. Major Steadman sent Antonia a series of letters from the steamy, insect-infested, ceaselessly wet, ever dangerous Southeast Asian jungle. Time and again he assured her he’d return home and they would play at magic tricks and take swims in a nearby lake. He did his best to shield her from the realities of war. And so did the people Antonia’s family was staying with. The woman of the house told Antonia that fairies were moving furniture up above as they huddled in the basement. That explained the booms and crashes the little girl heard night after night. She wondered what huge pieces of furniture might cause such a racket. Dining room tables? Dressers? Armoires? No matter. At least she didn’t have pictures of the death and destruction bombings raids cause running through her imagination. Little Antonia grew up. She married and took her husband’s surname, Matthew. She had five children. Later, she realized she was happier, in her words, “loving women.” She moved to Bloomington, Indiana in 1968. Over the decades, she gained a reputation as a poet, a writer, and a puppeteer. She produced and performed in her Puck Players Puppet Theater for years in and around Bloomington. She ran a writers group called Five Women Poets. She wrote a book chronicling her mother’s battle with Alzheimer’s Disease. And then, Antonia Steadman Matthew decided to write a play based on her father’s letters to her, as well as missives exchanged between him and his wife, his father, and others. It turned out to be a bare-bones play, better suited as an audio production. The Writers Guild at Bloomington (Antonia’s a member), specifically Tony Brewer and Joan Hawkins, got hold of it and were enthralled. The Guild staged a live presentation of it in 2019. Brewer contacted his old pal, radio producer and host Richard Fish, and told him Antonia’s play would make a perfect radio theater piece. Fish agreed and, over the next three years, worked with British radio theater producer and writer John Fryer to record the voice parts. Fryer used the members of his troupe, Political Art, to read the lines. Fish received the last of Fryer’s recordings earlier this year. Then Fish went about the business of adding sound to the dialogue. Brewer, too. Tony Brewer is one of the Midwest’s premiere Foley artists. The two mixed in the sounds of machine guns, sirens, airplanes, Churchill’s voice, contemporary songs, and other sounds to lend color to Antonia script. Not that it needed any help. Fish aired “Antonia’s Home Front” last night on his WFHB radio program Firehouse Theater. It lasted about 80 minutes. Fish plans to cut the thing down to a manageable 57 minutes, perfect for a one-hour public and/or community radio time slot. He’s offering it to NPR and other community radio stations around the country. It’ll also be available via the PRX syndicator. For his part, John Fryer is trying to get the BBC to bite on it as well. I listened to “Antonia’s Home Front” last night. I’d driven out to the peninsula point at Paynetown, overlooking Lake Monroe. I was transfixed. The night was spectacularly clear with a full moon rising in the east and chasing Jupiter across the sky. Toward the end of the broadcast, the voice of the grown-up Antonia tells about remembering the night when, as a little girl, a full moon was so bright that it awakened her in the middle of the night. I turned my head and stared at my own full moon, glinting off the placid waters of the lake, the same moon that Nazi pilots used to guide them to their Bristol bombing runs, the same that stirred little Antonia one night so many years ago. I sent Antonia an email telling her how much I enjoyed the play and relating my moon story. Here’s what she said in response: Oh, Michael, I’m so glad you loved the program. When you said that the full moon was the same one that woke Antonia up, I had tears in my eyes. I like to think of you out by the lake, you and the moon, listening together….
Riva-OD is a supplement in the form of capsule that comprises methylcobalamine, alpha lipoic acid, folic acid, vitamin B1 & B6. The form of vitamin B12 known as methylcobalamine or mecobalamin, naturally produced by bacteria is often found in the human body in very low amounts. This water soluble compound plays an important role in brain function and blood formation. The drug is used to treat anemia, neuropathy, and arakawa's syndrome The water soluble compound folate is not directly biologically active, but its biological significance comes from tetrahydrofolate and other derivatives after its conversion to dihydrofolic acid in the liver. The body nuses folate to synthesize DNA, repair DNA, and methylate DNA. It also serves as a cofactor for certain biological reactions. The body naturally produces the fatty acid alpha lipoic acid. Aside from being an antioxidant, it also neutralizes harmful substances known as free radicals. Pyridoxine, also known as vitamin B6, is a co-enzyme involved with protein metabolism, creation of insulin, red blood cells, white blood cells, and the production of neurotransmitters, enzymes, and prostaglandins. Thiamine, or vitamin B1, helps the body convert food into energy. Body uses it to create ATP, which gives cells their energy.
Artists and Makers: Summer of STEM (Week 4) Join Science Buddies this summer for virtual summer camp! Each week, we'll have a fun STEM theme for kids of all ages, suggestions for simple hands-on activities, book picks, and more. With our Summer of STEM, we'll keep you and your kids inspired all summer with creative and innovative science and engineering activities — for free. This week: creative activities for artists, makers, and innovators! Artists & Makers Week 4 is for artists, makers, creators, and innovators of all ages! The activities this week are great for kids who like to make art, write stories, decorate and customize items, or invent things! The line between art and science is maybe smaller than kids think, and this week, we celebrate the creative spirit as well as the science and engineering involved in exploring, explaining, and inventing techniques and mediums used to make art. For kids who love to draw, paint, tell stories, or do craft projects, we have colorful and creative activities they can do to use science to make art. For young makers and inventors, we encourage an appreciation of creativity as an important part of engineering. Creativity has a role in problem-solving, troubleshooting, designing new products, and brainstorming new ideas or ways to improve things. Tip: This downloadable PDF contains a summary of the ideas for Week 4. Print this out and use it as a check-list for activities you try this week! You can also print and use our simple activity log (PDF) if you want to encourage your younger students to reflect on their activities. ASK: Science Questions for Week 4 Use these questions to prompt conversation and reflection this week about the science behind the Artists & Makers science activities: - What are some of the differences between art and science? - What are some of the similarities between art and science? - Why would an artist need to understand science? Can you think of an example? - Can you think of an experiment you could do to test and compare two approaches to making your favorite kind of art? - Which science or engineering activity did you try? How did art and science combine in the activity? - What do you enjoy most about science and engineering activities that also involve art? - What kinds of STEM jobs are related to the creative Artists & Makers activities you explored this week? DO & EXPLORE: Artists & Makers Activities - The Science of Frescoes: fresco painting involves painting directly onto a wet layer of plaster. This technique has been around for thousands of years and was popular during the Renaissance. With this activity, kids compare painting on Oobleck to painting on wet paper to simulate the difference between fresco and other types of painting. Which technique creates the most vivid paintings? - Make Tie-Dye T-shirts with Permanent Markers: use permanent markers and isopropyl alcohol to make a special, colorful kind of art that looks like classic tie-dye. Draw your design first and then see what happens when you drip alcohol onto the colored fabric. What patterns can you make? What fabrics work best? What happens if you try other surfaces, like a plastic lid? (For added inspiration, see how we used this process to make ornaments.) - Balance the Forces Within a Mobile: use your own art, magazine cut-outs, or photos to make a custom hanging mobile. Pick a favorite theme, story, or character for your mobile and use straws, thread, and physics to make it balance. How many objects can you balance? How tall can your mobile be? (This student turned her love of fantastic beasts into a colorful and very cool mobile that was almos[ as tall as the front door when she finished!) - Apparent Motion in Flipbooks: use a stack of index cards to illustrate a simple story in a way that will appear to "move" when you flip through the cards. You can start with a simple bouncing dot (see the video below), but after that, kids can see if they can animate a character or object with a flipbook! - Make a Paper Circuit: use copper tape and LEDs to make paper circuits to add light-up effects to a creative diorama or to a simple city scene or playscape (like this one) for imaginative play. (Paper circuits are also great for special, one-of-a-kind greeting or thank you cards as long as you can hand-deliver them.) - Paper Airplanes: Why Flaps and Folds Matter: explore different features of a paper airplane to find the combination that works best for the kind of plane you want to make. You can decorate the plane to customize it, but be careful to keep the overall weight in mind. How might you decorate a stunt plane versus a jet plane? - Make Marbled Cards Using Science!: use shaving cream and food coloring for a fun paper marbling effect to make wall art or cards. Tip: make full-size marbled art on cardstock or art paper and, after it dries, cut it into strips for bookmarks. You'll end up with multiple awesome bookmarks you can share! (For a look at how different color combinations work, see this family's paper marbling exploration.) - Design a Cell Phone Stand: use simple materials to build a handy cell phone stand — or any other stand that might fill a specific need! With the basic idea in mind, it's up to you how to design it! - DIY Face Mask: for kids interested in sewing or fabric arts, making face masks at home is a good way to make something that is useful as well as unique. With this activity, kids can try different types of face masks recommended by the CDC and then experiment to see if there are ways to improve their homemade masks for the best comfort, individual fit, and effectiveness. - Make Cardboard Automata: use cardboard and craft materials to make a multi-segment automaton that moves in a certain way as you turn hand controls that rotate the axle. What character will you bring to life this way? This activity is a good challenge for older kids! - Junkbots: Robots from Recycled Materials: this free-form robotics activity gives kids the chance to design their own simple robots. These robots use an introductory circuit that requires a few specialty parts (available in the Bristlebot kit), but what the robots look like is completely up to the maker! (Vibrobots are another creative type of robot kids can explore. Note: click to the background tab of the project to see a bunch of cute and innovative examples.) For JunkBot inspiration, see our Special Delivery Robot.) - LED Patch: there isn't a simplified activity version of this project, but for older kids with an interest in sewing and electronics, using the principles of wearable electronics and e-textiles to create a light-up patch is a fantastic way to customize a backpack, denim jacket, or bag. You'll need special thread and some simple electronics. This post can help get your maker started. WATCH: Videos for Week 4 These videos demonstrate activities highlighted for Week 4's Artists & Makers theme: These videos are not from Science Buddies but tie in with this week's Artists & Makers theme: - Science Today: The Intersection of Art and Science (California Academy of Sciences) - Audubon's Birds of America book (Lost Bird Project) - What is a Scientific Illustrator? (In Situ Science) - How to Sketch Birds (John Muir Laws) - Great Minds: Leonardo da Vinci (SciShow) - How to sketch Wildflowers and Plants (John Muir Laws) EXPLORE with KITS The following Science Buddies Kits fit in with this week's Artists & Makers theme. These science and engineering kits provide the specialty materials kids need for a variety of fun explorations, including robotics, computer programming, and electronics: - Bristlebot Kit: the ArtBot is one of three different introductory robots you can build with the Bristlebot Kit. (You can also design your own Junkbot robots using recycled materials!) The ArtBot fits right in this week because this robot has markers for legs. As it shuffles around on a piece of paper, it draws! Kids can have fun building and decorating this simple robot and then experimenting to see what it creates. How could you help the ArtBot make its marks in a certain shape (like a circle or a heart)? Could it have more legs? - Electric Play Dough Kit: by using conductive and insulating dough, kids can design their own 2D electric play dough designs with LEDs that light up. As they learn more about circuits, they can move on to try more challenging 3D sculptures! How many LEDs can be used successfully and how does the number of LEDs change what happens? - Candy Chromatography Kit: kids interested in exploring chemistry and color can use the Candy Chromatography Kit to analyze the dyes that make up candy coatings, leaves, or markers. See this example using colorful candies. - Raspberry Pi Projects Kit: creating a custom piece of artwork with LEDs that light up when a room darkens is one of a series of 8 creative, interactive activities kids can do with the Raspberry Pi Projects kit. For a look at the kinds of light-up fun kids can have combining electronics and programming with Raspberry Pi and Scratch, see the star these kids built and coded to light up at night. For more inspiration, view the progressive series of 8 projects. (Note: if you already own a Raspberry Pi, see the Circuit Building Kit for Raspberry Pi.) Learn more about Science Buddies Kits and see our 12 Science Kits for Summer Science Experiments and Discovery recommendations. READ: Books to Pair with Week 4's Artists & Makers Theme - 30-Minute Sustainable Science Projects (30-Minute Makers) by Loren Bailey - 30-Minute Chemistry Projects (30-Minute Makers) by Anna Leigh - Iggy Peck, Architect by Andrea Beaty (Author), David Roberts (Illustrator) - The Dot by Peter H Reynolds - The Boy Who Drew Birds: A Story of John James Audubon by Jacqueline Davies (Author), Melissa Sweet (Illustrator) - Rosie Revere, Engineer by Andrea Beaty (Author), David Roberts (Illustrator) - The Girl Who Drew Butterflies: How Maria Merian's Art Changed Science by Joyce Sidman - The Noisy Paint Box: The Colors and Sounds of Kandinsky's Abstract Art by Barb Rosenstock (Author), Mary GrandPre (Illustrator) - Yayoi Kusama: From Here to Infinity! by Sarah Suzuki (Author), Ellen Weinstein (Illustrator) - Frida Kahlo and Her Animalitos by Monica Brown (Author), John Parra (Illustrator) - Never Let a Unicorn Scribble! by Diane Alber - Never Let a Princess Paint with Her Unicorn! by Diane Alber - The Day the Crayons Quit by Drew Daywalt (Author), Oliver Jeffers (Illustrator) - Artist to Artist: 23 Major Illustrators Talk to Children About Their Art - I am Leonardo da Vinci (Ordinary People Change the World) by Brad Meltzer (Author) and Christopher Eliopoulos (Illustrator) For other great STEM stories for summer reading, see our Book list for science-filled summer reading! post. Also, don't miss this roundup of creative STEM activities for storytelling and imaginative play. Summer of STEM Posts - Week 1 - Carnival Science - Week 2 - Gadgets & Gizmos - Week 3 - Wizards & Magic - Week 4 - Artists & Makers - Week 5 - Fireworks & Picnics - Week 6 - Water Play - Week 7 - Superhero Science - Week 8 - Strange but True Science - Week 9 - Mission to Mars - Week 10 - Backyard Science You Might Also Enjoy These Related Posts: - 12 Science Kits for Summer Science Experiments and Discovery - Ready, Set, Go! (Awesome Summer Science Experiments) - Awesome Summer Science Experiments - Deep Dive into STEM—Do a Summer Science Project! - Imagine Your Story - STEM Activities for Storytellers of All Ages! - Carnival STEM (Awesome Summer Science Experiments) - Wacky Water Science (Awesome Summer Science Experiments) - Radiant Rainbows (Awesome Summer Science Experiments)
Children Of Jacob The grandson of Abraham, and the son of Isaac, Jacob is a key individual of Bible History. God changed Jacob's name to Israel (see Stairway To Heaven), and from his sons came the Tribes of Israel - the Israelites. Jacob had 2 wives, Rachel and Leah (who were sisters, and first-cousins of Jacob), and 2 concubines, Bilhah and Zilpah, an apparently common and accepted practice of the day. Rachel and Leah did not object to the other two women because it was their idea to have more children with them (Genesis 30:3,9). - Rachel - Jacob's favorite wife. She died while giving birth to Benjamin and is buried at Bethlehem. Her children were Joseph and Benjamin. - Joseph - 11th-born overall. Definitely his father's favorite son, from his favorite wife, it was Joseph who was sold for slavery into Egypt by his jealous brothers (see Coat Of Many Colors). There, with God's help, he rose to become the highest official of the Pharaoh, saving the nation from the famine that was prophesied. When the rest of Jacob's family moved to Egypt to escape the famine, it was Joseph who had made their survival possible (they would remain in Egypt 400 years, eventually becoming slaves until the Exodus). While there, Joseph had 2 sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, who were themselves made into individual tribes of Israel to bring the number back to 12 - the priestly tribe of Levi was not counted separately, but was absorbed among the other tribes. - Ephraim - Younger than Manasseh, he was never the less ranked higher in the family structure (Genesis 48:19). His descendants were to become a great future group of nations. - Manasseh - 1st-born of Joseph, he was prophesied to become a great single nation. - Benjamin - The youngest of the 12 sons. Rachel died while giving him birth. The apostle Paul (see On The Road To Damascus), who wrote much of the New Testament, is descended from Benjamin. - Leah - It seems that Jacob did not have a great deal of love for her, perhaps because she became his wife by deception (Genesis 29:16-30). Never the less, Leah is the mother of the greatest number of the Tribes of Israel, and is today buried with Jacob (along with Abraham, Sarah, Isaac and Rebekah) in the high-tension area of The Tomb of the Patriarchs in Hebron. Her children are Reuben, Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, Zebulun, and Israel's only recorded daughter, Dinah. - Reuben - 1st-born overall. He was disqualified from his position as eldest son when he committed an act of sexual immorality with Jacob's concubine Bilhah (Genesis 35:22). - Simeon - 2nd-born overall. - Levi - 3rd-born overall. From Levi came the Levites who were dedicated to God's service. As such, they were later not counted as a separate tribe. Moses and Aaron and John The Baptist were descended from Levi. - Judah - 4th-born overall. Perhaps the most famous of Jacob's sons, it was from Judah that the Jews are descended. Jesus Christ (see also The Chosen People), and most Christians in the earliest days of the church, were descended from Judah. A vital element for understanding Bible Prophecy is that while all Jews are Israelites, not all Israelites are Jews (just the same as all Belgians are Europeans, but not all Europeans are Belgians). There are many millions of people around the world today who are Israelites, but are not Jews. - Issachar - 9th-born overall. - Zebulun - 10th-born overall. - Dinah - Israel's only daughter. - Bilhah - Rachel's maid, it was Rachel's idea that Jacob have children with her (Genesis 30:3-6). Her children were Dan and Naphtali. - Dan - 5th-born overall. - Naphtali - 6th-born overall. - Zilpah - Leah's maid, it was Leah's idea that Jacob have children with her (Genesis 30:9). Her children were Gad and Asher. - Gad - 7th-born overall. - Asher - 8th-born overall. Fact Finder: When he knew that he was dying, did Jacob specifically request that he be taken out from Egypt and buried in the family tomb in Hebron?
infectious and epidemic process is the interaction of the continuous type at the population and species levels.It is attended by heterogeneous evolutionary and contingency relationships to one another pathogen, parasite and the human body.Infectious and epidemic process appear asymptomatic and symptomatic forms.They are distributed among the population at risk of infection or disease, time and territory. such thing as "epidemic process", began to be used from the beginning of the 19th century.One of the earliest representations of this phenomenon has been formulated Ozanamom in 1835.Further, a number of scholars engaged in the development of ideas.The term "epidemic process" was introduced in 1941 Gromashevskiy.Further clarification of the definition of Belyakov.Later, they also were nominated for the position of self-regulation in the course of the epidemic. from all three.There are the following sections of the epidemic process: - conditions and causes. - mechanism of development of the epidemic process. first section reveals the essence of the process.It reflects the internal causes of the formation and the conditions under which it occurs.Ordering of information in this section allows in general terms to answer the question of what are the basics of epidemiology.In clinical medicine - in an area where the organism level research carried out pathological conditions - similar section is called the "etiology".The second link shows the progress of the formation of the phenomenon.In this section we answer the question of how it begins.In clinical medicine, a similar scope is called "pathogenesis".The third section displays disclosed that accompany the epidemic process;systematized information reflecting the characteristics of the phenomenon.In clinical medicine, the same section referred to as semiotics.Next, consider the category in more detail. Terms and causes pathogen interaction and the human body occurs in space and time continuously.There are various factors of the epidemic process.These include, for example, biological.These factors form the epidemic process reasons that begins pathological interaction.There is also a second category.Natural and social factors allow the regulation of the conditions under which the process takes place.Interaction is possible only in the presence of causes and conditions. Drivers biological nature This factor - parasitic system in which there is some kind of interaction.Its sides are peculiar to some distinctive features.So, parasites exhibit pathogenicity, host - susceptibility. These factors include a set of social conditions that promote or hinder the course of the epidemic process.Among them are: - Sanitary facilities settlements. - active population. - social development. It indirectly and directly affects the intensity of the current epidemic process.The more a social activity, the more pronounced the interaction of parasites and the body.Historically, peaking in revolutionary and wartime.Active population can manifest itself at the level of the whole society or a particular family. His level directly affects the rate at which the epidemic process proceeds.The concept of health improvement included the frequency of collection and disposal of solid waste and food.Also, it is treated the condition of sewage systems and water supply. level of industrial and social development has an indirect impact on the conditions in which the epidemic process proceeds.Thus he can have both positive and negative effects.Examples of the former can be considered as better nutrition and quality of life of the population and, as a consequence, increase immunity of residents, as well as changes in the culture of behavior, hygiene education, technological progress.The negative influence is manifested in the growing number of drug addicts and alcoholics, changes in sexual culture (the spread of hepatitis, HIV), the deterioration of environmental conditions, weakening the body's defenses. These factors include abiotic and biotic components.The latter are the elements of nature.As an example of regulatory impact biotic components can cause a change in the intensity of the course of the epidemic process against the background of different rodent infections natural focal type.If vector-borne zoonoses migration and the number of arthropods have a regulating effect on the severity of the phenomenon.Abiotic components include geographical conditions, landscape and climate.For example, when approaching the equator increases the variety of clinical entities pathologies. Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases Gromashevskiy first law determines the course of interaction between the parasite and the human body in the triad.So, the following units of the epidemic process: - Source of agent. - transmission mechanism. last link of the epidemic process have their own classification. Source of agent He is infected with the human, animal or plant body.It may have become infected susceptible individuals.The complex forms a reservoir source.For anthroponoses as the causative agent acts as a person who is present asymptomatic or symptomatic form of pathology for zoonoses - animal (wild, synanthropic or home).And for this to be sapronoses abiotic elements of the environment. epidemiology of the disease implies a certain way of moving parasites in the healthy body of the lesion.According to the second law Gromashevskiy, transmission of the pathogen occurs depending on the basic localization.This may be blood, skin flakes, mucus, faeces.As the transport path, and performs a sequence of transmitting the set of factors by which the mechanism is implemented. methods of penetration of parasites 1. The aerosol route.It includes the following ways: - airborne (since transferred to SARS, meningococcal disease); - airborne dust (along this path are causative agents of tuberculosis, scarlet fever). 2. fecal-oral route.He was treated the way such as: 3. Contact way.It includes direct and indirect methods of transmission. 4. Transmissible way.This category includes such methods as: - Artificial (associated with medical procedures: associated with surgery, injection, transplantation, transfusion, due to diagnostic procedures); - natural (at kontaminatsionnom type of pathogen is excreted in the feces carrier at inoculation - injected with saliva). There are several factors of transmission.In particular, the final release, intermediate and elementary.Transfer factors also conditionally divided into basic and additional.By moving the phases of the parasite include: - Isolation from the body-carrier. - stay in the environment. - Penetration predisposed to the disease organism. It represents the ability of a host infected by pathologies provoked by parasites.This is manifested in the form of pathological response and protection of specific (immune system) and nonspecific (stability) reactions.The following types of sensitivity: - individual (phenotype and genotype). Immunity acts as a specific response to the penetration of a foreign agent.Stability (resistance) is a complex of protective reactions of nonspecific type. features of epidemic process parasite and human interaction is manifested in the form of contamination of the latter.Subsequently, the host susceptibility may fall ill or be a carrier of the pathogen.In the population-species level displays are presented in the form of sporadic disease, the presence of an epidemic (epifitoticheskogo, epizootic) or natural focus, outbreaks, epidemics or pandemics. sporadic distribution characteristic of a particular team, season, area.Epidemic disease is a temporary increase in the level of contamination.Subsequent classification in this case is carried out in accordance with the temporary and territorial parameters.Epidemic outbreak of a short-term increase in incidence within a particular team.She went for one or two incubation periods.The epidemic is increasing the incidence to the area or region.As a rule, it covers one season of the year.Pandemic describes the level of infection, continuing for several years or decades.Distributed pathology in this case on the continent. It may concern the territories of time groups.In the first case, the classification is based on the spread area of the tank.In particular, the release: - Global area. In this case, the interaction is between a man and a reservoir anthroponoses. - Regional area - this natural focal zoonoses. Irregularity in time: - Irregularity of infection rises. Irregularity of groups classified according to epidemiologically important and formal features.The latter include the group: - Depending on the place of residence (urban or rural). - informal and formal. distribution in accordance with epidemiologically important signs carried out on the basis of logical reasoning specialists.It may include various factors, such as graft. It is based on the system approach.By means of this tool concept discloses hierarchical process.It also reveals the functional interaction between the phenomena peculiar to each level.According to the concept, the epidemic process is presented in the form of a complex multi-stage system.It ensures the existence, reproduction and distribution of parasitic forms of micro-organisms in humans.The structure has been allocated 2 levels: eco- and sotsekosistemny. It differs increments.This means that it is composed of some individuals in the host population.In the body of the infectious process progresses, expressed in the form of a carriage or severity of clinical pathology.With the implementation of a pathway interaction pathogen and a susceptible organism turns into interpopulation.Therefore parasitic system comprises a hierarchy of many infectious processes.The concept of the epidemic process becomes abstract, without understanding the meaning of the gear unit. It differs multilevel nature and includes several subordinate layers: - organism .It is in this case directly on the infectious process.It interacting systems are presented in the form of organismic subpopulation of the pathogen and the organization of the biological balance of the microorganism. - cell .At this level, there is a system consisting of separate individual cells and parasite of the target organism. - -organ tissue. At this level, the local subset of the parasite interacts with a specific organization of certain tissues and organs of the host. - Subcellular (molecular).There genetic apparatus interact with biological molecules of parasite and host. supreme in the structure of the epidemic process is considered sotsekosistemny level at which an ecosystem enters as one of the internal sub-categories.The second is represented in the form of social organization.As the causes of and further development of the epidemic process it appears it is the interaction of these two subsystems.This phenomenon in ekostrukture regulated through social divisions. in February 2014 in Guinea (West Africa), an outbreak of Ebola.She continues to this day.This epidemic of Ebola has moved beyond the state and spread to other countries.In the area of infection includes, in particular, Sierra Leone, Liberia, the United States, Senegal, Mali, Spain, Nigeria.This case is unique because the disease has begun for the first time in West Africa.Doctors in the countries where the spread pathology, do not have experience in dealing with it.The situation is exacerbated the likelihood of panic among the population as a result of misinformation.To help the Guinean government were sent to facilities and personnel by various international and national organizations.In particular, the assistance was provided by Center for Epidemiology United States, Russia, the Federal Service, the European Commission.Help Send, and the Economic Community of Western Europe.On the territory of Guinea worked Laboratory of Epidemiology.Experts gather and analyze information about the disease.Epidemiology Center provided support to the population, isolated from healthy infected people.As noted by CEO Keiji Fukuda, WHO, outbreaks of became the strongest of all in practice.
Grains and field crops In a further experiment on fungicides to protect wheat during flowering and grain fill from Septoria nodorurn at Badgingarra Research Station, rates below 1 litre and lower carrier volumes were compared for the fungicide Tilt applied at Zadoks stage 50. A few other fungicides were also included. At spraying there was a moderate infection by Septoria nodorurn (85% of leaf damage), Septoria tritici (10%) and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (5%). Good control was obtained with most treatments (Table 1) with only Benlate at 1 kg/ha appearing ineffective when percentage disease was rated on October 10, 1985. At October 17 disease scores differed little. There were no effects on yield or grain weight - a rare situation at Badgingarra where yield reduction has been associated with the Septoria diseases for many years - 85BA50. Number of Pages Brown, A G. (1985), Fungicidal control of wheat leaf diseases. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia, Perth. Report.
There is a crucial difference between the Obama administration’s phone call data-mining program, which is constitutional under current law, and the Bush administration’s NSA Surveillance Program, which was clearly unconstitutional. Unlike Obama program, which is limited to obtaining information about phone calls made and received from telephone companies, the Bush program authorized the government to wiretap private phone conversations. From a constitutional perspective, the difference is critical, and it is unfortunate that President Obama has not done a better job of explaining the distinction, and why his administration’s program does not violate the constitutional “right of privacy.” The Fourth Amendment provides that “the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated.” The Supreme Court has held that, at least presumptively, a search is “unreasonable” unless it is based on probable cause and a judicial warrant. It would therefore seem that it violates the Fourth Amendment for the government to collect phone call records from phone companies without first obtaining a judicial warrant based on a finding that there is probable cause to believe that the individual whose call records the government want to examine has committed a crime. This would be true, for example, if the government wanted to open that individual’s mail or search his home or wiretap his phone calls, so why isn’t it true in this situation as well? The puzzle turns on the meaning of the word “search.” The Fourth Amendment does not protect a general right of privacy, but only a right not to have the government unreasonably search an individual’s person, house, papers, or effects. But what is a “search”? The Supreme Court first confronted the meaning of “search” in its 1928 decision inOlmstead v. United States. In that case, the Court held that a wiretap of a phone call was not a “search” within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment because it did not involve a physical intrusion into a constitutionally protected place. The Court explained that that what the Framers meant by a “search” was a physical intrusion into an individual’s pocket, briefcase, home or envelope. A wiretap, which is effectedwithout entering the suspect’s home, is therefore not a “search” for purposes of the Fourth Amendment. Thus, the government could constitutionally wiretap phone calls without either probable cause or a warrant as long as it did not physically enter the target’s home or business. This remained the law until 1967, when the Supreme Court, in Katz v. United States, overruled Olmstead and held that the use of a bugging device by the police on theoutside of a public telephone booth to overhear a phone call within the booth was nonetheless a “search” within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment. More articles from The Daily Beast: - Supreme Court Decision on DOMA and New Portrait Have Barney Frank Smiling - The Ageist Attack on Hillary - Obama's Shift Toward Communitarianism © 2013 Newsweek/Daily Beast Company LLC
There are six different kinds or subspecies of tiger in which five are still alive today. Get Access Endangered Species: It is mostly found in India, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh. Essays 62 ms research paper my best summer vacation essay a story ancient and modern olympics comparison essay aspects of writing an essay linking words essay conclusion paragraph. Tigers live for about 25 year in a zoo as well as in the wild. If a tiger has trouble in finding food then it can eat birds, eggs or berries. It has padded feet and sharp claws. Sergeant york movie essay citation Sergeant york movie essay citation deor s lament poem analysis essays insomnia essay conclusion essays about finding yourself songs road safety essay in gujarati language development through the life stages essay writer. Their scope of home ground lessenings more and more each twelvemonth because of building for constructing new substructures to merely the glade of the lands where they roam. They are carnivores and their diet normally consists of medium to big quarry such as hogs. Nonetheless, tigers prefer to live in the underbrush, hiding in tall grasses, and using their natural camouflage to hide from prey. Ts eliot poetry essay the road Ts eliot poetry essay the road difference between racism and prejudice and discrimination essay essay terrorism words of praise 20 dissertations la parole fnac richard gamble american exceptionalism essay the blind side essay on courage in public speaking favorite person essays inventing elliot essay help attributes of a good teacher essays starting off an essay introduction the wheel throughout history essay dragon ball z vs kai comparison essay looking backward edward bellamy essay help essay law personal school, impact of mass media on society essay essay hvorfor straffer vimeo. It is admired for its strength, courage and fighting spirit. It can be up to 10 ft. This causes them to move around often creating new adaptations but not positively affecting the tigers per say. Its long tail is helpful to maintain balance while running behind the prey. Essay about immigration effects education Essay about immigration effects education education for all essay pdf deterrence argument for legal punishment essay. A tiger can devour up to 88 pound. This project attempts to train, captive cubs how to stalk, hunt, associate hunting with food, and regain their predatory instincts. The high demand for a tigers body parts and the unbelievable prices that human will pay are what encourage greedy poachers to trap and kill these endangered tigers. Role of media in our lives essay writer Role of media in our lives essay writer linking words essay conclusion paragraph article on abortion against essay lichtbildwerk beispiel essay son of mr green jeans an essay on fatherhood ecommerce research paper ceolchoirm essay help dissertation in educational leadership pdf essay writing funny pic le printemps de botticelli explication essay soal essay pewarisan sifat kelas 9 essay for environment conservation meme. Male tiger has larger territories than the females. While living in conservations, tigers would not hunt for food, workers would prepare it for them. Its brown body with black stripes makes him very beautiful. Generally tiger hunts for large or middle sized animals such as buffaloes, deer, crocodiles, leopards, pythons, etc. Get Full Essay Get access to this section to get all help you need with your essay and educational issues. Tiger castanetss are used in traditional Chinese medical specialties as a musculus reinforcement and intervention for Rheumatism. It can be found in a large variety of habitats some of which of the animal include tropical jungles, brush, marsh lands, and tall grasslands in areas of Bangladesh, Nepal, India, and Burma. Les oiseaux dans la charmille natalie dessay la fedex marketing mix essay essay about plastic bags should be banned. Tiger is found mainly in two colours, first is brown or yellowish with black strips on whole body and second is white with black strips. Behind declaring Tiger as a national animal, there are two main reasons: India has two-third of the entire population of the tiger. It is also known as Amoy or Xiamen tiger. The scientific name of South China tiger is P.Endangered Species: Bengal Tiger Sample Essay The common name for the species is Bengal Tiger and it belongs to the genus/species Panthera Tigris Tigris. The Bengal Tiger normally has a ruddy brown coat with narrow black. grey. or brown strips traveling in a perpendicular way accompanied by. Systematischer wahn beispiel essay geneforge saga analysis essay custom written research papers usna summer seminar essay writer introductions to quotes in essays punctuation computer essay grading boulder colorado cassini essay toyota introductions to quotes in essays punctuation. Bengal tiger endangered essay about myself. The tools you need to write a quality essay or term paper; Saved Essays. You Have Not Saved Any Essays. Topics in this paper. One of the main reasons that the Bengal Tiger is endangered is because of the lack of its natural habitat. The tiger lives in various habitats from, open jungles, humid evergreen forests to mango grove swamps 3/5(2). Endangered Species: Bengal Tiger Essay Sample The common name for the species is Bengal Tiger and it belongs to the genus/species Panthera Tigris Tigris. The Bengal Tiger normally has a ruddy brown coat with narrow black. grey. or brown strips traveling in a perpendicular way accompanied by a pick or white underbelly. Long Essay on Tiger. Following are the long essay on tiger for the students under words limit ofand words. Students can use any of these tiger essay according to their need and requirement in the schools. The extinct ones are: Bali tigers (which no one has seen since and no picture of it exists), Caspian tigers (extinct since ) and Java tigers (extinct since ). But there is also a white tiger, which is a color variation of Bengal tigers. Endangered Species are species that are in danger of extinction/5(2).Download
From Australia to Spain, Ireland to America, and as recent as 1987, young mothers say they were “coerced”, “manipulated”, and “duped” into handing over their babies for adoption. These women say sometimes their parents forged consent documents, but more often they say these forced adoptions were coordinated by the people their families trusted most…priests, nuns, social workers, nurses or doctors. Last month, a Dan Rather Reports producer and crew were in Canberra, Australia as Parliament released the findings of an 18-month-long investigation revealing illegal and unethical tactics used to convince young, unmarried mothers to surrender their babies to adoptive homes from the late 1940s to the 1980s. In some cases, mothers in Australia were drugged and forced to sign papers relinquishing custody. In others, women were told their children had died. Single mothers also did not have access to the financial support given to widows or abandoned wives, and many were told by doctors, nurses, and social workers that they were unfit to raise a child. Two weeks ago, a prominent Canadian law firm announced that it would file a class-action lawsuit against Quebec’s Catholic Church accusing the Church of kidnapping, fraud and coercion to force unwed mothers to give up their children for adoption. Since October, Dan Rather Reports has contacted nearly 100 alleged victims, social workers, researchers, lawyers and authors from around the world to shine a bright light on the issue of forced adoptions. We have interviewed numerous women in the U.S. who told us that they were sent to maternity homes, denied contact with their families and friends, forced to endure labor with purposely painful procedures and return home without their babies. Single, American mothers were also denied financial support and told that their children would be better off without them. Source: Yahoo News Image: Bangkok Post
Continuing on the path of reversing derivative rules in order to make them useful for integration, we reverse the product rule. Integration by parts If where and are functions of , then This is the integration by-parts formula. It is very useful in many integrals involving products of functions and others. For instance, to treat we choose and . With these choices, we have and , and we have Note that the choice of and was critical. Had we chosen the reverse, so that and , the result would have been The resulting integral is no easier to work with than the original; we might say that this application of integration by parts took us in the wrong direction. So the choice is important. One general guideline to help us make that choice is, if possible, to choose as the factor of the integrated, which becomes simpler when we differentiate it. In the last example, we see that does not become simpler when we differentiate it: is no more straightforward than . An important feature of the integration-by-parts method is that we often need to apply it more than once. For instance, to integrate we start by choosing and to get Note that we still have an integral to take care of, and we do this by applying integration by parts again, with and , which gives us So, two applications of integration by parts were necessary, owing to the power of in the integrand. Note that any power of x does become simpler when we differentiate it, so when we see an integral of the form one of our first thoughts ought to be to consider using integration by parts with . Of course, for it to work, we need to be able to write down an antiderivative for . Use integration by parts to evaluate the integral Solution: If we let and , then we have and . Using our rule for integration by parts gives We do not seem to have made much progress. But if we integrate by parts again with and and hence and , we obtain We may solve this identity to find the anti-derivative of and obtain With definite integral The rule is essentially the same for definite integrals as long as we keep the endpoints. Integration by parts for definite integrals Suppose f and g are differentiable and their derivatives are continuous. Then This can also be expressed in Leibniz notation. Examples Set 1: Integration by Parts Evaluate the following using integration by parts.
What appears today as Europe’s “outside” was for centuries part of European imperial formations in the form of colonies, protectorates and dependencies, characterized by exploitation, enslavement and theft. At the beginning of the 20th century, Europe ruled over 85% of the globe after all. One need not reiterate the fact that Europe’s rise would not have been possible without colonial exploitation and enslavement, and that even the official end of ‘direct’ colonization has done little to alter global inequalities of wealth, power, and prestige. The social and environmental costs of Europe’s “imperial way of life” are still paid by “others,” namely, the peoples of the geopolitical South. The slogan “We are here because you are destroying our countries” so often raised by migrant movements, testifies to this. With the end of official colonization, the European powers retreated into the epistemic confines of their nation-states, whose ‘borders’ became a filter for the narrative they told of themselves and/in the world. If we do not engage in this foreshortening of perspective, then Europe can no longer appear as the victim of a crisis that arose “elsewhere,” “outside” Europe – of a crisis that stems, so one story goes, from the postcolonial world’s inability to govern itself. On the contrary, Europe’s border security policies serve to compartmentalize and externalize the social and environmental costs of the imperial way of life vis-à-vis the geopolitical South. To look at Europe from its borders means to critically question those demarcations between “inside” and “outside.” Who or what is included or excluded in the name of Europe? Europe’s borders – like all borders – are the materialization of socio-political relations that continuously (re)produce the division between “inside” and “outside.” Borders must be enforced as fixed and stable realities through repetitive practices and discourses in order to give the appearance of permanence, power, and objectivity. Europe’s borders are intertwined with a politics of racialization that makes Europe appear as a natural entity and legitimizes global inequalities. The racialized borders of Europe, increasingly negotiated against the threat scenario of migration, emerge as a postcolonial formation of whiteness. This does not mean that all Europeans are “white” in the same way or equally. Like the racist formation of “whiteness” itself, Europe’s racialized borders homogenize profound differences and inequalities within Europe. The integrity of the category of “Europeanness” is created precisely by the exclusion of the “non-European.” Not only the openly racist and neo-fascist movements of recent years brought to light the inseparability of a European identity from the postcolonial project of whiteness, but also the explicitly anti-racist discourses that speak of “European values” of enlightenment, such as dignity, democracy, or freedom. For a Europe that celebrates itself as the heir to universal Enlightenment values and the “inventor” of liberal democracy, racism exists only in the past and, for this reason, only within ‘backward politics’ of the far-right spectrum. The concealment of racism in Europe is the clearest manifestation of the postcolonial situation and mainly serves to hide this postcoloniality. The narratives of a European culture, civilization, or identity with specifically “European values” conceal racialized constructions of difference under the guise of cultural difference – most clearly in distinction from those values attributed to “Islam.” The very “race”-blind Europe that ascribes to itself the values of tolerance, freedom, and equality has a long history of producing minorities that are imagined as fundamentally different and therefore diametrically opposed to Europe’s identity and values. Past and present, minorities in Europe have been managed as “cultural” or “religious” problems and transformed into the “Jewish question,” the “Roma question,” or the “Muslim question.” It is no coincidence that the “European question” has been posed by critical racism and migration studies more or less in line with researchers who deal more directly with issues of secularism and secularity. Thus, the privilege of being European seems to be tied not only to the privilege of being white, but equally to the privilege of belonging to an unmarked (Christian) religion that has inscribed itself in the secular. The “European question” is thus inherently also the “Christian question.” At a time marked by the rise of new manifestations of anti-Muslim racism, which is intricately interwoven with the histories of antisemitism and antiziganism, it seems particularly important to ask the “European question.” Those questions that Europe has asked itself throughout its history and the problems it has “solved” – through extermination, assimilation, violence, expulsion – have always been expressions of the “European question” or “Christian question,” which is inextricably interwoven with the history of racism. As Zygmunt Bauman points out, all societies produce strangers, but each society produces its “own” strangers. The unity of Europe may lie in the very issues and problems that have preoccupied Europe throughout history. They can be understood as repetitions of the same “European question.” What does all of this mean for the work of the We Refugees Archive? To look at Europe from its borders means to see Europe not simply as a given, but as a real abstraction, which is continuously (re)produced by inside/outside border demarcations. Deconstructing the racialized borders of Europe means to look attentively at those discourses that constitute “European identity.” Central to this is the discourse of specifically “European values” such as dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, and human rights that produce the differences between “us” and “them.” Even benevolent discourses – such as those of human rights, welcome culture, or “solidarity cities” – can contribute to reinforcing Europe’s racialized borders by (re)producing the division between civilized progressive Europe and the backward rest. Deconstructing Europe’s borders also means expanding Hannah Arendt’s nation-state framework of analysis in relation to the “end of human rights.” If we do not allow ourselves to be drawn into the epistemic narrowness of the nation-states into which the European powers retreated upon the formal end of colonization, then it becomes visible that colonies have always been regarded as legal zones of exception that allowed direct access to the lives of the colonized without legal mediation. It does not seem sufficient, then, to hope for better enforcement of human rights at the local level, for instance. The question must be which hegemonic norms judge who counts as a human being, who qualifies as a legitimate legal subject, and who decides which claims count as legitimate. Is it a matter of a lack of realization of normative claims or, more fundamentally, of questions of normative violence? Even Arendt’s famous “right to rights” always requires a sovereign power to enforce it and thus never stands outside hegemonic norms. On the contrary, the “right to rights” as a right to community, concerns a deeply political, if not the political question par excellence: the question of belonging, of inside and outside, of friend and foe. Thus, any political community, especially a democratic one, must determine who belongs to it and who does not. The “century of cities” cannot escape this question either. Thus, in addition to a critique of the enforcement of normative claims, there is a need for an analysis of contemporary European racism, which is complexly interconnected with categories of difference: class, religion, and gender. From the critical perspective of the migration of refugees within, out of, and to – the inner and outer borders of – Europe it becomes crystal clear that the so-called “European values” of solidarity, dignity, equality, freedom, democracy and human rights have in fact always been values “for Europeans alone.” The so-called “refugee crisis” seems particularly troubling for a Europe that believed itself distant and isolated from the crises it (helped) create through its postcolonial ventures in the world. At a time when Europe is no longer setting the pace and direction, it seems not only a moral but a matter of necessity to recognize “Europe” as a problem in need of a solution. The postcolonial theorist Frantz Fanon generously described the task of “Europeans” half a century ago: “The Third World does not mean to organize a great crusade of hunger against the whole of Europe. What it expects from those who for centuries have kept it in slavery is that they will help it to rehabilitate mankind, and make man victorious everywhere once and for all . . . This huge task, which consists of reintroducing mankind into the world, the whole of mankind, will be carried out with the indispensable help of the European peoples, who themselves must realize that in the past they have often joined the ranks of our common masters where colonial questions were concerned. To achieve this, the European peoples must first decide to wake up and shake themselves, use their brains, and stop playing the stupid game of the Sleeping Beauty.” His demand seems more pertinent today than ever before. The essay was written by Amrei Deller as part of a cooperation between Freie Universität Berlin and the We Refugees Archive. Under the supervision of Prof. Schirin Amir-Moazami, students in the seminar “Narratives of Refugees in the Light of Border Regime Research” in the winter semester 2020/21 worked on critical methods of qualitative social research as well as literary and scientific texts on the topic of border regimes. Border regime research primarily focuses on the political, economic, and legal conditions that produce migration and borders as social phenomena in the first place. In collaboration with the We Refugees Archive, seminar participants conducted interviews with refugees about their everyday experiences in Germany or wrote articles on the common themes of the seminar and the archive.
Heroin—known by nicknames such as Big H, Dog, Black tar, Smac, Puppy Chow, and Horse—is a highly addictive drug derived from morphine, which is obtained from the opium poppy. Heroin can be injected, smoked in a water pipe, mixed in a marijuana joint or regular cigarette, inhaled as smoke through a straw (known as “chasing the dragon”), or snorted as powder through the nose.[i] It is classified as a Schedule 1 drug, which means it has no currently accepted medical use but has a high potential for abuse.[ii] Once heroin crosses the blood-brain barrier, it is converted to morphine and binds rapidly to opioid receptors, causing a “rush” that is affected by the amount taken and the rapidity with which it enters the brain and binds to receptors. Opioid receptors are located throughout the body. Receptors in the brain stem, when activated by heroin, can depress breathing and cause overdose. Activation in the limbic system, which controls emotion, produces intense feelings of pleasure, and can block pain messages transmitted through the spinal cord from the body.[iii] In short, our bodies are very receptive to it, and that is why it is so highly addictive and dangerous. Today’s heroin comes in small, cheap packages—sometimes small balloons. It is often cut with other drugs as it changes hands from the Mexican and Columbian cartels to the dealer on the corner.[iv] Buyers do not know exactly what they are getting, creating an even more life-threatening scenario. Yet, many people who use heroin talk about how they loved heroin instantly the first time they tried it. Many others will go on to describe how their addiction progressed rapidly after the first time. Regular heroin use changes the functioning of the brain. One result is tolerance, in which more of the drug is needed to achieve the same intensity of effect. Another result is dependence, characterized by the need to continue use of the drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms. [iii] Heroin: Abuse and Addiction. (2005). In National Institute on Drug Abuse. Retrieved from http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-reports/heroin-abuse-addiction/what-heroin. [iv] McDonald, Brent. (2013, July 19). Heroin Documentary. A Deadly Dance (video). The New York Times. For more information:
Definitions for veilveɪl This page provides all possible meanings and translations of the word veil head covering, veil(noun) a garment that covers the head and face a membranous covering attached to the immature fruiting body of certain mushrooms caul, veil, embryonic membrane(noun) the inner membrane of embryos in higher vertebrates (especially when covering the head at birth) humeral veil, veil(verb) a vestment worn by a priest at High Mass in the Roman Catholic Church; a silk shawl to obscure, or conceal with or as if with a veil "women in Afghanistan veil their faces" obscure, blot out, obliterate, veil, hide(verb) make undecipherable or imperceptible by obscuring or concealing "a hidden message"; "a veiled threat" Something hung up, or spread out, to intercept the view, and hide an object; a cover; a curtain; esp., a screen, usually of gauze, crape, or similar diaphanous material, to hide or protect the face. A cover; disguise; a mask; a pretense. The calyptra of mosses. A membrane connecting the margin of the pileus of a mushroom with the stalk; -- called also velum. A covering for a person or thing; as, a caul; a nun's veil; a paten veil; an altar veil; a Moslem veil. Same as velum, 4. A thin layer of tissue which is attached to or covers a mushroom. To don, or garb with, a veil. To conceal as with a veil. The forest fire was veiled by smoke, but I could hear it clearly. Origin: From Old Northern French veile, from vela, nominative plural of velum. something hung up, or spread out, to intercept the view, and hide an object; a cover; a curtain; esp., a screen, usually of gauze, crape, or similar diaphnous material, to hide or protect the face a cover; disguise; a mask; a pretense the calyptra of mosses a membrane connecting the margin of the pileus of a mushroom with the stalk; -- called also velum a covering for a person or thing; as, a nun's veil; a paten veil; an altar veil same as Velum, 3 to throw a veil over; to cover with a veil fig.: To invest; to cover; to hide; to conceal Origin: [OE. veile, OF. veile, F. voile, L. velum a sail, covering, curtain, veil, probably fr. vehere to bear, carry, and thus originally, that which bears the ship on. See Vehicle, and cf. Reveal.] A veil is an article of clothing or cloth hanging that is intended to cover some part of the head or face, or an object of some significance. It is especially associated with women and sacred objects. One view is that as a religious item, it is intended to show honor to an object or space. The actual sociocultural, psychological, and sociosexual functions of veils have not been studied extensively but most likely include the maintenance of social distance and the communication of social status and cultural identity. In Islamic society, various forms of the veil have been adopted from the Arab culture in which Islam arose. Sample Sentences & Example Usage A compliment is like a kiss through a veil. Hope is nature's veil for hiding truth's nakedness. If you're ugly, then vail not your eyes, but your veil. Death is a veil which those who live call life, Sleep and it is lifted. There was a door to which I found no key: There was the veil through which I might not see. Images & Illustrations of veil Translations for veil From our Multilingual Translation Dictionary - halit, závoj, zahalit, rouška, nosit rouškuCzech - slør, sløre, dække, skjuleDanish - velo, velarSpanish - voile, voilerFrench - sgàile, bratScottish Gaelic - velo, velizarIdo - kiinnamut saagoqKalaallisut, Greenlandic - voal, vălRomanian - veli, shelaSwahili Get even more translations for veil » Find a translation for the veil definition in other languages: Select another language:
Rich Knowledge Representation use cases focus on the use of rules as (part of) a declarative knowledge representation formalism. In this setting, rules are often used in conjunction with other representation formalisms, such as ontologies, in order to extend their expressive power. A typical example is the use of rules to describe complex relationships between binary predicates which cannot be captured in ontology languages such as RDF and OWL. On the other hand, OWL is often used to capture information that typically cannot be expressed using rules (such as the existence of unnamed individuals), so compatibility between rules and RDF/OWL is of crucial importance. This is an abstraction of a number of use cases that focus on the use of rules for knowledge representation. Edited by Ian Horrocks. 3. Links to Related Use Cases 4. Common themes - The use of rules to capture (part of) a declarative model of the domain of discourse that can be updated and queried. - The combination of rules with ontology languages in order to provide expressive power that goes beyond that which is typically provided by either formalism. - Expressive knowledge representation techniques, such as fuzziness, incomplete information, semistructured data, reification, frames. 5. Benefits of Interchange - As with ontologies, the value of such models is greatest when they explicate a common understanding of the domain that can be shared and reused. 6. Requirements on the RIF - Compatibility with RDF and OWL. Rules are often used in conjunction with RDF and OWL ontologies to capture knowledge that cannot be expressed using either ontologies or rules alone. - Declarative semantics. Rules (plus ontologies) are used to develop a model of the domain of discourse that can be updated and queried. Users need to be able to understand the meaning of such a model, and of queries against it, independently of any particular inference/query answering system. A typical (simplified) example is as follows: A medical application uses an ontology to provide a model of human anatomy that can be used to describe procedures and, e.g., to categorise them w.r.t. their cost. Unfortunately, knowledge about interactions between binary predicates cannot be expressed in the ontology language being used (e.g., OWL), and this would prevent the correct categorisation of some procedures. For example, a fixation procedure applied to a part of the femur (e.g., the head of the femur) should be categorised (for costing purposes) as a fixation procedure applied to the femur. In general, what is required in this example is to be able to express complex relationships between binary predicates. Such relationships can easily be captured using rules. E.g., a rule can be used to state that performed-on(x,y) and part-of(y,z) implies performed-on(x,z). Rules are well established as a declarative knowledge representation formalism. There are several different semantics for such rules, including LP-based semantics, but when rules are used in conjunction with ontologies a First Order semantics compatible with RDF and OWL is often assumed (see, e.g., SWRL).
Coal is a combustible rock which is extracted from the earth and is often burned in furnaces to produce heat to heat water, cook, and generate electricity. - Coal Power Plants - Classification of Coal Power Plants - Efficiency of Coal Power Plants - Energy Content of Coal - Economic Characteristics of Coal - Sustainability of Coal - Income of Miners - Environmental Impact and Safety of Coal As An Energy Source - Human Cost of Coal - Can Coal Be Clean? - Carbon Capture and Storage - Lifespan of Coal Power Plants - Mountaintop Removal Mining (MTR) - Longwall Mining Coal Power Plants Coal is widely used to generate electricity via the following process: Coal, being a combustible rock, is burnt, the heat from the combustion of the coal is used to power a boiler. The boiler produces steam as the fluid boils, and that steam is passed through steam turbines at a high pressure, it is the expansion of gas (steam) that turns the turbine blades. Coal power plants are classified as base load power plants because they are constructed to meet or come close to meeting continuous electricity demand all day and without interruption. Other peaking generators may be used to assist them if they are unable to meet demand, but peaking generators cost significantly more to operate than most base load power plants. Base load power plants such as steam-powered ones, are operated at their most efficient speed all the time, so their power output stays the same. The problem with baseload plants such as nuclear (steam), coal (steam), and geothermal (steam), is that electricity demand is much lower during the night than it is during the day, and these power plants can’t be turned up or down much to meet electricity demand. Coal power plants are classified as base load fossil fueled power plants. They are classified as fossil fueled because the fuel is coal, and coal is a fossil fuel. A base load power plant is one which reliably (and typically economically) provides electricity all day and continuously to everyone. [Source]. How Efficient Are Coal Power Plants? The efficiency of these power plants is between 30% and 38%. How Much Energy Does Coal Contain? - kJ: Kilojoule. - MJ: Megajoule. - GJ: Gigajoule. - Wh: Watt-hour. - kWh: Kilowatt-hour. - MWh: Megawatt-hour. - GWh: Gigawatt-hour. - TWh: Terawatt-hour. - L: Litre. 1 Wh = 3.6 kJ or 3600 Joules. 1 kWh = 3,600 Kilojoules. 1 MWh = 3,600,000 kJ, 3600 MJ, or 3.6 Gigajoules. In the U.S, the average short ton of coal contained the equivalent of 19.753 million BTU hours of heat energy or or 5.789 million Wh. [Source] 1 BTU = 0.29307107 watt hours. The electricity that can be generated from that is up to 38% of the 5.789 million watt hours which is 2.199 million Watt-hours. A short ton is 2,000 pounds. A metric tonne is 2,204 pounds or 1,000 kg. - Gasified Coal (Town Gas/Coal Gas): 20.5 kj/L (5.7 Wh) of gas burned. - Water Gas: 11.2 kJ/L (3.1 Wh) of gas burned. Levelized Cost of Electricity From Coal Power Plants 2009 (USD): A low 6.2¢/kWh excluding carbon charges. [Source] 2013 (USD): 9.7 ¢/kWh. Is Coal Sustainable? If an energy source is economically sustainable, then it can be used to supply electricity economically for an extended period of time. (hundreds of years) This is a non-renewable source of energy, and as the amount of coal available dwindles, the cost of it increases, the result of that is: this fuel will become very expensive and will no longer be economically viable, and since such a significant percentage of the world’s electricity comes from it, the economic consequences of that would be dire. What Is The Income of Coal Miners? Average Income In: - United States: $1,140 per week. That translates to $4,560 per month if the miner works 4 weeks per month. [Source: U.S. Bureau of Labour Statistics] - China: $1,800 annually (an average of $150 per month). [Source: Long Island University]. What is the Environmental Impact of Coal? And How Safe Are Coal Miners? These power plants produce and liberate greenhouse gases and other highly toxic substances such as mercury, lead, cadmium, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide. The greenhouse gas of concern that they exhaust is carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide is non-toxic, but it is a greenhouse gas that causes global warming. Global warming causes drought, and drought causes water shortages. Water shortages cause food prices to increase sharply, and in an economically detrimental manner. It is unwise to continue to burn coal until a comparably cheap source of energy becomes available (although combined cycle natural gas is comparably cheap, this could replace coal for now), because it is already a costly source of electricity in more ways that one in widespread use, and also because the consequences of global warming remain and actually worsen for years. These power plants emit sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), as well as lung cancer causing soot and other chemicals, but the chemicals I mentioned are particularly toxic and harmful. Coal power plants also emit carbon dioxide, which is not toxic, but it causes global warming. Human Cost of Coal Of all the 69 mining deaths in the United States, including all non-coal such as metal mining, coal mining accounts for usually more than 30 of these deaths, that is in excess of 40% of all mining deaths in the U.S alone (Based on 2007 statistics). [Source] In the environmental impact section of coal power plants mentioned above, I mentioned the harmful substances emitted by coal power plants, and they are partly responsible for the human cost of both mining and combustion. Miners are exposed to those chemicals because they are literally in the coal mines, on the coal itself, and also, the soot emitted by coal power plants is inhaled by people and it tends to stay there and cause lung cancer, which is life threatening. The other substances are harmful in different ways due to their toxicity. They cause poisoning, which is life threatening in the case of carbon monoxide for example. - Destroys existing vegetation. - Destroys wildlife habitats. - Liberates methane from mines, and methane is a potent greenhouse gas that causes global warming. Can Coal Be Clean? There are technologies whose proponents claim are able to use coal to generate electricity cleanly by either sequestering carbon dioxide or washing/gasifying coal before burning it. This is often referred to as clean coal. Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Carbon capture and storage involves pumping power plant emissions into a storage chamber underground and compressing it so that it will not pollute the air or contribute to global warming. One significant challenge facing such technologies is the fact that compression is energy intensive. More information coming soon. A coal power plant can last 40-75 years. Using Coal For Now Until It Becomes Expensive If coal were to become very expensive in the near future, and even if governments were to ban the construction of new coal power plants, people would be stuck with high electricity prices as long as existing plants are in operation, leading to economic hardship because of the significance of the cost of electricity to manufacturing and the provision of services. When the cost of coal eventually becomes high, people will be stuck with it for many years because of the lifespan of coal power plants, unless the government were to hastily shut down existing coal power plants prematurely, which would be a sudden shock to the economy because of the size of the coal industry (it hires plenty of people). A gradual transition to alternative sources of energy which are cheap, or of which the cost has been continually dropping because production scale increases is what they need is a good idea. Mountaintop Removal Mining (MTR) Mountaintop removal mining is a more recent mining method than the traditional deep mining method (which involves extracting coal from underground) . MTR involves extracting coal from above the surface of the earth, which is made accessible by blowing off mountaintops. MTR facilitates coal extraction using fewer employees [source at the bottom of the PDF]. This is beneficial to coal mining companies due to the fact that fewer employees cost less money, but in the case of employment, it is the opposite, so it is not economical overall. From a safety standpoint: Mountaintop removal mining facilitates avoidance of the dangerous explosions that take place in underground mines. From a public health standpoint: Mountaintop removal coal mining involves blasting off mountaintops, this scatters coal into the surrounding environment, which sometimes consists of rivers, as well as residents. Coal contains cadmium, radioactive substances such as uranium and thorium [source], lead, and mercury.
Jump to navigation Jump to search Meritocracy is a political system in which power is vested in individuals according to merit. - The wise man must not be ordered but must order, and he must not obey another, but the less wise must obey him. - Aristotle, Metaphysics 982a17, Complete Works, vol. 2, p. 1554 - Everyone knows how compromised the idea of bureaucracy as a meritocratic system is. The first criterion of loyalty to any organization is therefore complicity. Career advancement is not based on merit but on a willingness to play along with the fiction that career advancement is based on merit, or with the fiction that rules and regulations apply to everyone equally, when in fact they are often deployed as an instrument of arbitrary personal power. ... As whole societies have come to represent themselves as giant credentialized meritocracies, rather than as systems of predatory extraction, we bustle about, trying to curry favor by pretending we actually believe it to be true. - David Graeber, The Utopia of Rules (2015) - Transforming hereditary privilege into ‘merit,’ the existing system of educational selection, with the Big Three [Harvard, Princeton, and Yale] as its capstone, provides the appearance if not the substance of equality of opportunity. In so doing, it legitimates the established order as one that rewards ability over the prerogatives of birth. The problem with a ‘meritocracy,’ then, is not only that its ideals are routinely violated (though that is true), but also that it veils the power relations beneath it. For the definition of ‘merit,’ including the one that now prevails in America’s leading universities, always bears the imprint of the distribution of power in the larger society. Those who are able to define ‘merit’ will almost invariably possess more of it, and those with greater resources—cultural, economic and social—will generally be able to ensure that the educational system will deem their children more meritorious. - Jerome Karabel, The Chosen: The Hidden History of Admission and Exclusion at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton (Houghton Mifflin: 2005), pp. 549-550 - When the rate of return on capital exceeds the rate of growth of output and income, as it did in the nineteenth century and seems quite likely to do again in the twenty-first, capitalism automatically generates arbitrary and unsustainable inequalities that radically undermine the meritocratic values on which democratic societies are based. - That, precisely, is the deadliness of second-handers. They have no concern for facts, ideas, work. They’re concerned only with people. They don’t ask: ‘Is this true?’ They ask: ‘Is this what others think is true?’ Not to judge, but to repeat. Not to do, but to give the impression of doing. Not creation, but show. Not ability, but friendship. Not merit, but pull. - Ayn Rand, Dominique Francon in The Fountainhead (1968), p. 727 - Every highly privileged group develops the myth of its natural, especially its blood, superiority. Under conditions of stable distribution of power and, consequently, of status order, that myth is accepted by the negatively privileged strata. Such a situation exists as long as the masses continue in that natural state of theirs in which thought about the order of domination remains but little developed, which means, as long as no urgent needs render the state of affairs “problematical.” But in times in which the class situation has become unambiguously and openly visible to everyone as the factor determining every man’s individual fate, that very myth of the highly privileged about everyone having deserved his particular lot has often become one of the most passionately hated objects of attack. \|Social and political philosophy\| \|Ideologies\|\|Anarchism • Authoritarianism • Capitalism • Collectivism • Colonialism • Communism • Confucianism • Conservatism • Elitism • Environmentalism • Fascism • Imperialism • Individualism • Liberalism • Libertarianism • Marxism • Nationalism • Republicanism • Social constructionism • Social democracy • Socialism • Totalitarianism • Utilitarianism\| \|Concepts\|\|Authority • Duty • Elite • Emancipation • Freedom • Government • Hegemony • Hierarchy • Justice • Law • Monopoly • Natural law • Norms • Obedience • Peace • Pluralism • Power • Propaganda • Property • Revolution • Rights • Ruling class • Social contract • Society • State • Utopia • War\| \|Government\|\|Aristocracy • Autocracy • Bureaucracy • Dictatorship • Democracy • Meritocracy • Monarchy • Oligarchy • Plutocracy • Technocracy • Theocracy\|
While your dog may not be able to tell you what they need in actual words, they use plenty of cues to communicate, including barking, pawing, and even yawning. While most people associate yawning with exhaustion or boredom, dogs yawn for many reasons. In fact, yawning is an important signal you can use to gauge how your dog is feeling. Here’s the non-yawn-inducing breakdown of why dogs yawn. Why do dogs yawn? As with people, there are a multitude of circumstances in which dogs yawn, and scientists and behaviorists have floated numerous theories, several of which are backed by extensive research. Yawning due to fatigue Of course, dogs yawn because they’re tired—just like us. While researchers aren’t sure why the body’s response to being tired is to yawn, one theory posits that yawning is a way to regulate body temperature and even temporarily raise one’s heart rate, both factors which can help abate sleepiness. Not sure if your dog is yawning because they’re sleepy? Look for context clues: is their yawn accompanied by stretching and other signs of fatigue—such as drooping eyelids or even nodding off? Odds are that you just have a sleepy friend. But yawning doesn’t always mean fatigue. Yawning as a sign of stress and anxiety Another common reason dogs yawn is as a stress response. Whether experiencing fear, separation anxiety, or another uncomfortable situation (such as being hugged or touched when uninvited, or confronting strange dogs or people), dogs will often yawn in response to mental or emotional discomfort. One way to determine whether your dog’s yawning is a stress response is to look at frequency. Excessive yawning is linked to higher cortisol levels, a hormone the body releases when stressed, in humans, and a similar link has been found in dogs. Frequent yawning is a common sign of stress, especially if the yawns are prolonged. (While the average length of a yawn depends on your dog’s size, when your dog holds their yawn longer than usual, that’s generally a sign of stress.) Recognizing yawning as a stress signal can help you remove your canine companion from stressful situations, an essential component of dog care. As with humans, stress can cause serious health issues in dogs, including high blood pressure, appetite loss, and even a weakened immune system. Yawning as an appeasement signal Another common reason dogs yawn is to avoid a conflict with a potential aggressor. It’s what experts call a calming signal. A yawn in this situation is a nonverbal means of saying, “I’m not a threat” or “I don’t want a problem.” Yawning, along with blinking, and licking their nose, is one of the first steps on what’s known as the ladder of aggression. If the signals at this stage are unheeded, or if the situation escalates, they can move up the ladder to turning their head, moving away, or growling. Once again, to determine the cause of the yawn, look at the context in which your dog is yawning. Is another animal in their space and/or displaying aggressive behavior? Some examples of aggressive behavior include hard stares, growling, snapping, and even going rigid. If your dog is yawning to calm another dog or a person, remove them from the situation. Can dogs catch yawns the way humans do? One common yawning phenomenon among humans is catching yawns, or, yawning when someone else does. This is also known as contagious yawning, something that humans and their primate cousins are known to do. And it seems like our canine companions also catch yawns. While one study showed that dogs don’t yawn when they see video of people or dogs yawning, several other studies have found that dogs participate in contagious yawning. One study, from the University of Tokyo, found that over half of the dogs they looked at yawned after watching their owner yawn. Humans similarly tend to yawn more when they watch someone they’re familiar with yawn than when they watch a stranger. Research shows that contagious yawning is associated with better social skills and empathy in humans, and the University of Tokyo research found the same link between contagious yawning and empathy in dogs—surprising no one who has ever met a dog.
Isn’t practicing an important concept so much more fun when you can do it with an engaging, seasonal activity? We created this free beginning digraph turkey center as a companion to the phonics program we’ve been working on and we want to share it with all of you! Speaking of our phonics program, we have been so busy working on it that we haven’t shared here on our blog what we’ve been working on! Word Play Phonics for 1st and 2nd grade is a differentiated word study program that incorporates weekly word sorting, chunk spelling, phonics poetry, phonics games, daily decoding, and lessons. This is a teacher-friendly, low-prep, engaging program that both students and teachers will love. Click here to learn more about our phonics program. Now back to the turkey digraphs! This is an independent literacy activity, perfect for centers. There are 4 turkeys for the digraphs : ch, sh, th, and wh. Students take a feather and look at the picture on each one. They identify the beginning digraph of the word and add the feather to the corresponding turkey. (Picture key is included for teachers.) We also included a recording sheet for students who might be ready to write the words they sorted. A lot of kids working on digraphs won’t be ready to write a word like wheat but some will. After completing the center, there is a digraph skill practice sheet. Students use the color code at the top to color each picture based on the beginning digraph. (Answer key is included for teachers.) This is a great companion or review activity for our 1st grade Word Play phonics program. It also correlates with Words Their Way Sort Letter Name Alphabetic Sort 17. Click below to download the free Turkey Digraph center and a free 1 week sample of our Word Play phonics program!
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is an anxiety disorder marked by chronic, exaggerated worrying and anxiety about everyday life. The worry is so severe that it interferes with a person's ability to live his or her life. GAD may be caused by: - An abnormal neurotransmitter system - Environmental factors - Developmental factors - Psychological factors GAD is nearly twice as common in women than in men. Other factors that may increase your chance of GAD include: - Family members with an anxiety disorder - Increase in stress - Exposure to physical or emotional trauma - Unemployment, poverty - Drug abuse - Medical condition or disability - History of self-harm as a teenager, with or without suicidal intent Symptoms of GAD usually develop slowly. People with GAD often have both psychological and physical symptoms of anxiety. Psychological symptoms include: - Excessive ongoing worrying and tension - Feeling tense or edgy - Irritability, overly stressed - Difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness Physical symptoms may include: - Muscle tension - Difficulty sleeping - Shortness of breath - Heart palpitations - Chest pain - Choking sensation - Abdominal discomfort - Numbness or tingling People with GAD often have other anxiety disorders, depression, and/or substance use disorders. You will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical and psychiatric exam will be done. Conditions with similar symptoms will be evaluated. Blood and urine tests may be done. You will be asked about any medications that you are taking, including over-the-counter products, herbs, and supplements. Some medications can cause side effects similar to the symptoms of GAD. You will also be asked about any other substances that you may be using such as nicotine, caffeine, illegal drugs, prescription medications, and alcohol. To make a diagnosis of GAD, symptoms must: - Be present more days than not - Be present for at least 6 months - Interfere with your life such as causing you to miss work or school You may be referred to a psychotherapist for further evaluation. If you have a mild form of GAD, your doctor will probably first have you try therapy to learn to manage anxious thoughts. Lifestyle changes may include: Relaxation techniques may be helpful in reducing anxiety. These may include: - Have a strong support system of family and friends - Consider family therapy to help with understanding and coping skills - Join a support group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy During cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), your therapist will work with you to change your patterns of thinking. This will allow you to notice how you react to situations that cause anxiety. You will then learn to change your thinking so you can react differently. This can decrease the symptoms of anxiety. Behavioral and Relaxation Therapy Your therapist will teach you relaxation techniques, including deep breathing, muscle relaxation, and visualization. Learning ways to relax can help you gain control over anxiety. Instead of reacting with worry and tension, you can learn to remain calm. Your therapist may also slowly expose you to the situations that cause worry and tension. This can allow you to reduce your anxiety in a safe environment. Biofeedback works by attaching sensors to the body. A therapist helps you understand your body’s signals so you can use them to reduce your anxiety. Medication can be prescribed for symptoms that are severe and make it difficult to function. Medications can help relieve symptoms so you can concentrate on getting better. It is important to note that many medications cannot be stopped quickly but need to be tapered off. Check with your doctor before discontinuing any medication. Medications may include: - Antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) Talk to your doctor about the risks and benefits of these medications. Some types may cause dependence. - Reviewer: Adrian Preda, MD - Review Date: 12/2015 - - Update Date: 01/26/2016 -
Previously, we debunked some of the most common myths regarding LED lighting. We found that LEDs save money, offer all the versatility of incandescent and fluorescent lights, including the ability to go on a dimmer switch. But like many technologies, LEDs are surrounded by more than a few misconceptions. Let’s debunk a few more: Myth: LEDs don’t ever get hot This is close to the truth, but not 100% accurate. LEDs do produce far less heat than incandescents. This makes sense, because incandescents heat a filament until it glows. LEDs will usually be cool to the touch and don’t produce infrared or UV light, unlike incandescents. However, no energy transfer is perfect. When electric current encounters resistance, heat is created. The base of an LED bulb will experience minor heating as a result. Myth: LEDs can’t handle vibration When buying fixtures or bulbs, you’ll often encounter “rough service” incandescents. These use toughened filaments for environments where vibration is common, and may also have special coatings to make the exterior of the bulb more durable. The idea that LEDs can’t handle vibration may have arisen partly from these incandescents being on the market. After all, buyers see an array of rough service bulbs in one technology, and none for LEDs. Adding to this is the fact some buyers who remain steadfastly loyal to traditional bulbs may be buying rough service bulbs (and paying more) because they are the only incandescents for sale in some wattages. Fortunately, modern LEDs handle vibration extremely well, far better than a heated filament. In fact, if you replace a rough service incandescent with an ordinary LED bulb or fixture, it will not only far outlast the incandescent, it will survive all the way through to the end of its normal service life, tens of thousands of hours later. Myth: LEDs contain hazardous substances Possibly as a result of confusion with compact fluorescent lighting (CFL) bulbs, many consumers believe LED lights contain industrial poisons that can harm users and (after disposal) the environment. CFL’s contain a small amount of mercury vapor, which is essential to their operation. It allows light to be generated in an area much smaller than a traditional fluorescent tube. Unfortunately, that means if a CFL bulb does break—and they are at least as fragile as a traditional incandescent bulb—the remains of the bulb will contain mercury and must be disposed of with extreme care. While the amount of mercury in each bulb is very small, mercury is extremely hazardous to humans over a long period of exposure and can cause a number of neurological problems. If contaminated debris is disposed of improperly, mercury can make its way from landfills into groundwater. LEDs do not contain mercury and are no more problematic for users or the environment than any other electronic device. Plus, LEDs are extremely durable, and are very unlikely to break. LEDs remain the best lighting option for most situations, combining low power use with versatility and durability. If you’re looking for a change in your workplace or residential lighting, get in touch with the experts at Thayer today and get started on savings with LED.

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