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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
25,097,662 | Are suboptimal breastfeeding practices associated with infant illness in Vietnam? | {
"contexts": [
"Despite evidence supporting the importance of breastfeeding to child health, breastfeeding practices remain suboptimal in Vietnam. There is currently little evidence on the importance of breastfeeding in the prevention of morbidity during infancy in Vietnam. In order to provide country specific data for policy makers to support breastfeeding friendly policies and programs, analysis was undertaken on a cross-sectional dataset to investigate the association between breastfeeding practices and prevalence of diarrhea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) among infants aged 0-5 months.",
"Data on socio-demographic characteristics, infant feeding practices and prevalence of diarrhea and ARI were obtained from 6,068 mother-child dyads in 11 provinces of Vietnam in 2011. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the associations between breastfeeding practices and child illnesses.",
"On average, the prevalence of diarrhea and ARI among infants 0-5 months was 5.3% and 24.5%, respectively. Though half of all infants were breastfed within one hour of birth, 73.3% were given prelacteal foods in the first three days after birth. Only 20.2% of children 0-5 months old were exclusively breastfed, while 32.4% were predominantly breastfed and 47.4% partially breastfed. After adjusting for confounders, early initiation of breastfeeding was associated with lower prevalence of diarrhea [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.74 (95% CI 0.58, 0.93)], while prelacteal feeding was associated with higher prevalence [AOR = 1.53 (95% CI 1.15, 2.03)]. Compared to infants who were exclusively breastfed, infants who were predominantly [AOR = 1.52 (95% CI 1.05, 2.21)] or partially breastfed [AOR = 1.55 (95% CI 1.07, 2.24)] were more likely to have diarrhea. Prelacteal feeding [AOR = 1.16 (95% CI 1.01, 1.33)] and partial breastfeeding [AOR relative to exclusive breastfeeding = 1.24 (95% CI 1.03, 1.48)] were associated with higher prevalence of ARI. While the protective effects of exclusive breastfeeding against diarrhea declined with child age, this effect for ARI appears to have remained constant."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Early initiation and exclusive breastfeeding protects against diarrhea and ARI. Results confirm that interventions to improve early and exclusive breastfeeding would contribute to improving child health and nutrition in Vietnam. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are suboptimal breastfeeding practices associated with infant illness in Vietnam?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Despite evidence supporting the importance of breastfeeding to child health, breastfeeding practices remain suboptimal in Vietnam. There is currently little evidence on the importance of breastfeeding in the prevention of morbidity during infancy in Vietnam. In order to provide country specific data for policy makers to support breastfeeding friendly policies and programs, analysis was undertaken on a cross-sectional dataset to investigate the association between breastfeeding practices and prevalence of diarrhea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) among infants aged 0-5 months.', 'Data on socio-demographic characteristics, infant feeding practices and prevalence of diarrhea and ARI were obtained from 6,068 mother-child dyads in 11 provinces of Vietnam in 2011. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the associations between breastfeeding practices and child illnesses.', 'On average, the prevalence of diarrhea and ARI among infants 0-5 months was 5.3% and 24.5%, respectively. Though half of all infants were breastfed within one hour of birth, 73.3% were given prelacteal foods in the first three days after birth. Only 20.2% of children 0-5 months old were exclusively breastfed, while 32.4% were predominantly breastfed and 47.4% partially breastfed. After adjusting for confounders, early initiation of breastfeeding was associated with lower prevalence of diarrhea [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)\\u2009=\\u20090.74 (95% CI 0.58, 0.93)], while prelacteal feeding was associated with higher prevalence [AOR\\u2009=\\u20091.53 (95% CI 1.15, 2.03)]. Compared to infants who were exclusively breastfed, infants who were predominantly [AOR\\u2009=\\u20091.52 (95% CI 1.05, 2.21)] or partially breastfed [AOR\\u2009=\\u20091.55 (95% CI 1.07, 2.24)] were more likely to have diarrhea. Prelacteal feeding [AOR\\u2009=\\u20091.16 (95% CI 1.01, 1.33)] and partial breastfeeding [AOR relative to exclusive breastfeeding\\u2009=\\u20091.24 (95% CI 1.03, 1.48)] were associated with higher prevalence of ARI. While the protective effects of exclusive breastfeeding against diarrhea declined with child age, this effect for ARI appears to have remained constant.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
25,097,721 | Does prevalence and trigger of allergic rhinitis in the United Arab Emirates? | {
"contexts": [
"Allergic rhinitis is a morbid condition that is frequently overlooked by patients and physicians. This type of atopy has not been adequately investigated in the United Arab Emirates.",
"This cross-sectional, population-based observational study was conducted in the seven Emirates (Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al-Quwain, Ras Al-Khaimah, and Fujairah). It used the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS II) to screen for allergic rhinitis in people living in this region.",
"Symptoms of allergic rhinitis were present in 85 (7%) of the 1,229 study population. Only 33 (39%) patients received treatment. Seventy-six (89%) patients had asthma. Thirty-seven (44%) patients were poly-sensitized. Symptoms were aggravated by dust (59%), grass/pollens (44%) and proximity to animals (21%). Winter was the peak season (37%), followed by spring (30%), autumn (18%) and summer (15%). Grass/pollen allergies were clustered in the winter, spring and summer (p ≤ 0.001). Dust was non-seasonal (p ≥ 0.121) and animal allergy was worse in the winter (p = 0.024) and spring (p = 0.044). Spring symptoms were less common in people living in the inner city (p = 0.003)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | At least 7% of the studied population had allergic rhinitis. Most (71%) of these patients had environmental triggers and remained untreated. Allergic rhinitis awareness and measures to control allergens and dust are needed. The impact of preventing allergic rhinitis on other common atopies in the region deserves future studies. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does prevalence and trigger of allergic rhinitis in the United Arab Emirates?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Allergic rhinitis is a morbid condition that is frequently overlooked by patients and physicians. This type of atopy has not been adequately investigated in the United Arab Emirates.', 'This cross-sectional, population-based observational study was conducted in the seven Emirates (Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al-Quwain, Ras Al-Khaimah, and Fujairah). It used the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS II) to screen for allergic rhinitis in people living in this region.', 'Symptoms of allergic rhinitis were present in 85 (7%) of the 1,229 study population. Only 33 (39%) patients received treatment. Seventy-six (89%) patients had asthma. Thirty-seven (44%) patients were poly-sensitized. Symptoms were aggravated by dust (59%), grass/pollens (44%) and proximity to animals (21%). Winter was the peak season (37%), followed by spring (30%), autumn (18%) and summer (15%). Grass/pollen allergies were clustered in the winter, spring and summer (p\\u2009≤\\u20090.001). Dust was non-seasonal (p\\u2009≥\\u20090.121) and animal allergy was worse in the winter (p\\u2009=\\u20090.024) and spring (p\\u2009=\\u20090.044). Spring symptoms were less common in people living in the inner city (p\\u2009=\\u20090.003).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
25,087,903 | Is the level of specialist assessment of adult asthma influenced by patient age? | {
"contexts": [
"Late onset asthma is associated with more severe disease and higher morbidity than in younger asthma patients. This may in part relate to under recognition of asthma in older adults, but evidence on the impact of patient age on diagnostic assessment of asthma in a specialist setting is sparse.",
"To examine the impact of patient age on the type and proportion of diagnostic tests performed in patients undergoing specialist assessment for asthma.",
"Data from a clinical population consisting of all patients consecutively referred over a 12 months period to a specialist clinic for assessment of asthma were analysed.",
"A total of 224 patients with asthma or suspected asthma were referred during the 12 month period; 86 adults aged <35 years, 95 aged 35-55 years and 43 aged >55 years. Symptom characteristics were similar, but adults >35 years had a lower lung function than younger adults, and were more frequently smokers. However, a regression analysis showed that older age was associated with a lower likelihood of diagnostic assessment with a reversibility test, a bronchial challenge test, or measurement of exhaled NO, independently of a known diagnosis of asthma, smoking habits and lung function at referral."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Age of Onset",
"Asthma",
"Denmark",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Intradermal Tests",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Respiratory Function Tests",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Smoking",
"Young Adult"
]
} | A lower level of diagnostic assessment was observed already after the age of 35 years, indicating a risk for under diagnosis of asthma at an earlier patient age than previously thought. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the level of specialist assessment of adult asthma influenced by patient age?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Late onset asthma is associated with more severe disease and higher morbidity than in younger asthma patients. This may in part relate to under recognition of asthma in older adults, but evidence on the impact of patient age on diagnostic assessment of asthma in a specialist setting is sparse.', 'To examine the impact of patient age on the type and proportion of diagnostic tests performed in patients undergoing specialist assessment for asthma.', 'Data from a clinical population consisting of all patients consecutively referred over a 12 months period to a specialist clinic for assessment of asthma were analysed.', 'A total of 224 patients with asthma or suspected asthma were referred during the 12 month period; 86 adults aged <35 years, 95 aged 35-55 years and 43 aged >55 years. Symptom characteristics were similar, but adults >35 years had a lower lung function than younger adults, and were more frequently smokers. However, a regression analysis showed that older age was associated with a lower likelihood of diagnostic assessment with a reversibility test, a bronchial challenge test, or measurement of exhaled NO, independently of a known diagnosis of asthma, smoking habits and lung function at referral.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Age of Onset', 'Asthma', 'Denmark', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intradermal Tests', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Respiratory Function Tests', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Smoking', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
25,072,283 | Does polarization of the vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase delineate a transition to high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm lesions? | {
"contexts": [
"A functional vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase (v-ATPase) complex regulates canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The goal of this study was to identify the distribution of the v-ATPase in human and murine models of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanINs) and assess its role in Wnt/β-catenin signaling.",
"We evaluated the immunolabeling pattern of the v-ATPase in human PanIN specimens and murine PanIN-1 and PanIN-2 lesions obtained from Ptf1a(Cre/+); LSL-Kras(G12D) mice. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was interrogated in primary PanIN cells by examining the phosphorylated levels of its surface coreceptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-6 (LRP6), and its intracellular effector, nonphosphorylated β-catenin. The response of primary PanIN cells to epidermal growth factor (EGF) was assessed in the absence and presence of the v-ATPase inhibitor, concanamycin.",
"In advanced (PanIN-2), but not early (PanIN-1), lesions, the v-ATPase assumed a polarized phenotype. Blocking the v-ATPase disrupted Wnt/β-catenin signaling in primary PanIN cells despite significantly higher levels of the total and activated Wnt cell surface coreceptor, LRP6. Vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase blockade significantly decreased the total and activated levels of EGF receptor, a determinant of PanIN progression. The activation of EGF receptor and its intracellular mediator, p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase, was also reduced by v-ATPase blockade. This led to diminished proliferation in response to EGF ligand."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma in Situ",
"Alcian Blue",
"Animals",
"Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal",
"Cell Line, Tumor",
"Cell Polarity",
"Disease Progression",
"Epidermal Growth Factor",
"ErbB Receptors",
"Humans",
"Islets of Langerhans",
"Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6",
"Membrane Proteins",
"Mice",
"Mice, Mutant Strains",
"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3",
"Neoplasm Grading",
"Neoplasm Proteins",
"Pancreatic Neoplasms",
"Protein Transport",
"Staining and Labeling",
"Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases",
"Wnt Signaling Pathway"
]
} | The v-ATPase regulates Wnt/β-catenin and EGF receptor signaling in PanINs. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does polarization of the vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase delineate a transition to high-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm lesions?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A functional vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase (v-ATPase) complex regulates canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The goal of this study was to identify the distribution of the v-ATPase in human and murine models of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanINs) and assess its role in Wnt/β-catenin signaling.', 'We evaluated the immunolabeling pattern of the v-ATPase in human PanIN specimens and murine PanIN-1 and PanIN-2 lesions obtained from Ptf1a(Cre/+); LSL-Kras(G12D) mice. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was interrogated in primary PanIN cells by examining the phosphorylated levels of its surface coreceptor, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-6 (LRP6), and its intracellular effector, nonphosphorylated β-catenin. The response of primary PanIN cells to epidermal growth factor (EGF) was assessed in the absence and presence of the v-ATPase inhibitor, concanamycin.', 'In advanced (PanIN-2), but not early (PanIN-1), lesions, the v-ATPase assumed a polarized phenotype. Blocking the v-ATPase disrupted Wnt/β-catenin signaling in primary PanIN cells despite significantly higher levels of the total and activated Wnt cell surface coreceptor, LRP6. Vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase blockade significantly decreased the total and activated levels of EGF receptor, a determinant of PanIN progression. The activation of EGF receptor and its intracellular mediator, p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase, was also reduced by v-ATPase blockade. This led to diminished proliferation in response to EGF ligand.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma in Situ', 'Alcian Blue', 'Animals', 'Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal', 'Cell Line, Tumor', 'Cell Polarity', 'Disease Progression', 'Epidermal Growth Factor', 'ErbB Receptors', 'Humans', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Mice', 'Mice, Mutant Strains', 'Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3', 'Neoplasm Grading', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Pancreatic Neoplasms', 'Protein Transport', 'Staining and Labeling', 'Vacuolar Proton-Translocating ATPases', 'Wnt Signaling Pathway']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
25,072,285 | Is sleep disturbance after fracture related to emotional well-being rather than functional result? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to investigate the rate, longitudinal improvement, and risk factors of sleep disturbance after 4 common orthopaedic traumatic conditions.",
"The functional status of 1095 patients was prospectively assessed using validated questionnaires for patients with acute proximal humerus (n = 111), distal radius (n = 440), tibial plateau (n = 109), and ankle fractures (n = 435). Patient reported sleep difficulty was compared with the overall functional and emotional status of each patient at 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment.",
"Sleep difficulty at 3-month follow-up was reported in 41% of patients with proximal humerus fracture, 25% of patients with distal radius fracture, 36% of patients with tibial plateau, and 19% of patients with ankle fracture. By 12-month follow-up, less than 20% of patients with all fracture types reported sleep difficulty. At 12-month follow-up, the SF-36 Mental Health category for patients with distal radius fractures (P = 0.001) and the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment Emotional category for patients with tibial plateau fractures (P = 0.024) and ankle fractures (P ≤ 0.001) were independent predictors of poor sleep, whereas the respective functional status categories were not."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Female",
"Fractures, Bone",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multiple Trauma",
"Prognosis",
"Recovery of Function",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Factors",
"Sleep Wake Disorders",
"Surveys and Questionnaires",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | At 12-month follow-up, poor sleep was independently associated with poor emotional status but not associated with poor functional status. The mental health status of patients with sleep difficulty in the latter stages of fracture healing should be carefully assessed to provide the highest level of care. The results of this study should allow orthopaedic trauma surgeons to counsel patients regarding expectations of difficulty sleeping after acute fractures. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is sleep disturbance after fracture related to emotional well-being rather than functional result?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The aim of this study was to investigate the rate, longitudinal improvement, and risk factors of sleep disturbance after 4 common orthopaedic traumatic conditions.', 'The functional status of 1095 patients was prospectively assessed using validated questionnaires for patients with acute proximal humerus (n = 111), distal radius (n = 440), tibial plateau (n = 109), and ankle fractures (n = 435). Patient reported sleep difficulty was compared with the overall functional and emotional status of each patient at 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment.', 'Sleep difficulty at 3-month follow-up was reported in 41% of patients with proximal humerus fracture, 25% of patients with distal radius fracture, 36% of patients with tibial plateau, and 19% of patients with ankle fracture. By 12-month follow-up, less than 20% of patients with all fracture types reported sleep difficulty. At 12-month follow-up, the SF-36 Mental Health category for patients with distal radius fractures (P = 0.001) and the Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment Emotional category for patients with tibial plateau fractures (P = 0.024) and ankle fractures (P ≤ 0.001) were independent predictors of poor sleep, whereas the respective functional status categories were not.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Female', 'Fractures, Bone', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multiple Trauma', 'Prognosis', 'Recovery of Function', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Factors', 'Sleep Wake Disorders', 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
25,087,999 | Is serum vitamin D associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese males with normal weight and liver enzymes? | {
"contexts": [
"Considering the characterization of vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor of ectopic fat deposition, the association of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] levels with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was evaluated in Chinese men with normal body mass index (BMI) and enzyme markers of liver function.",
"A total of 514 participants (22 to 79 years old) with normal BMI and liver enzymes were identified for analysis. Abdominal ultrasound was performed to diagnose NAFLD, and the fatty liver index (FLI) was calculated to quantify liver steatosis. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were determined by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.",
"Among the entire study population, the mean levels of serum 25(OH)D3 were 15.32±5.77 ng/mL. However, when serum 25(OH)D3 levels were compared between non-NAFLD subjects (n=438) and NAFLD subjects (n=76), the latter showed significantly lower levels (15.65±5.89 ng/mL vs 13.46±4.65 ng/mL, P=0.002). In addition, serum 25(OH)D3 levels were found to be significantly correlated with FLI after adjustment for age and BMI (r=-0.108, P=0.014). Logistic regression showed that serum 25(OH)D3 levels were independently correlated with NAFLD (OR: 0.937, 95% CI: 0.884-0.993, P=0.028). Furthermore, stepwise regression analysis revealed that serum 25(OH)D3 levels were inversely associated with FLI (β=-0.055, P=0.040)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Asian Continental Ancestry Group",
"Humans",
"Liver",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease",
"Vitamin D",
"Young Adult"
]
} | The present study demonstrated that serum 25(OH)D3 levels were inversely associated with NAFLD, even in subjects with normal total body fat, suggesting a potential role of lower levels of vitamin D in the occurrence and development of NAFLD. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is serum vitamin D associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese males with normal weight and liver enzymes?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Considering the characterization of vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor of ectopic fat deposition, the association of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] levels with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was evaluated in Chinese men with normal body mass index (BMI) and enzyme markers of liver function.', 'A total of 514 participants (22 to 79 years old) with normal BMI and liver enzymes were identified for analysis. Abdominal ultrasound was performed to diagnose NAFLD, and the fatty liver index (FLI) was calculated to quantify liver steatosis. Serum 25(OH)D3 levels were determined by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.', 'Among the entire study population, the mean levels of serum 25(OH)D3 were 15.32±5.77 ng/mL. However, when serum 25(OH)D3 levels were compared between non-NAFLD subjects (n=438) and NAFLD subjects (n=76), the latter showed significantly lower levels (15.65±5.89 ng/mL vs 13.46±4.65 ng/mL, P=0.002). In addition, serum 25(OH)D3 levels were found to be significantly correlated with FLI after adjustment for age and BMI (r=-0.108, P=0.014). Logistic regression showed that serum 25(OH)D3 levels were independently correlated with NAFLD (OR: 0.937, 95% CI: 0.884-0.993, P=0.028). Furthermore, stepwise regression analysis revealed that serum 25(OH)D3 levels were inversely associated with FLI (β=-0.055, P=0.040).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Asian Continental Ancestry Group', 'Humans', 'Liver', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease', 'Vitamin D', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
25,098,080 | Do efficacy of newly formulated ointment containing 20 % active antimicrobial honey in treatment of burn wound infections? | {
"contexts": [
"Honey has been familiar to possess antimicrobial potential to clear infection against burn wound infecting bacteria since ancient times. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the newly formulated honey ointment during the treatment of burn wound infections. The Experimental (Non comparative) study was conducted at outpatient department of Dermatology, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi from November 2009 to October 2010.",
"The antimicrobial activity of different Pakistani floral sources (Acacia nilotica species indica, Zizyphus, Helianthus annuus and Carisa opaca) honey samples were investigated by disc diffusion method against freshly isolated burn wounds infecting bacteria. Ointment containing 20% active antimicrobial honey was formulated as a sovereign remedy. A total number of twenty patients with second degree of burn wounds on different parts of the body were studied. A thin layer of honey ointment on gauze was applied to the wounds two to three times a day up to the complete healing.",
"During microbiological study, Pakistani honey samples were discovered to exhibit a very promising antimicrobial activity against all the wound infecting microorganisms tested. Clinical trials demonstrated that the topical application of honey ointment have significant control of infections arising form pathogenic bacteria and up to 100% healing results were observed in all burn wound cases within mean healing time for the duration of 8.15 (3-18) days time period."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administration, Topical",
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Anti-Infective Agents",
"Apitherapy",
"Burns",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Female",
"Honey",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Ointments",
"Wound Infection",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Newly formulated ointment containing 20% active antimicrobial honey is more effective and low-cost alternative preparation for the treatment of burn wound infections. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do efficacy of newly formulated ointment containing 20 % active antimicrobial honey in treatment of burn wound infections?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Honey has been familiar to possess antimicrobial potential to clear infection against burn wound infecting bacteria since ancient times. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the newly formulated honey ointment during the treatment of burn wound infections. The Experimental (Non comparative) study was conducted at outpatient department of Dermatology, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi from November 2009 to October 2010.', 'The antimicrobial activity of different Pakistani floral sources (Acacia nilotica species indica, Zizyphus, Helianthus annuus and Carisa opaca) honey samples were investigated by disc diffusion method against freshly isolated burn wounds infecting bacteria. Ointment containing 20% active antimicrobial honey was formulated as a sovereign remedy. A total number of twenty patients with second degree of burn wounds on different parts of the body were studied. A thin layer of honey ointment on gauze was applied to the wounds two to three times a day up to the complete healing.', 'During microbiological study, Pakistani honey samples were discovered to exhibit a very promising antimicrobial activity against all the wound infecting microorganisms tested. Clinical trials demonstrated that the topical application of honey ointment have significant control of infections arising form pathogenic bacteria and up to 100% healing results were observed in all burn wound cases within mean healing time for the duration of 8.15 (3-18) days time period.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Administration, Topical', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Anti-Infective Agents', 'Apitherapy', 'Burns', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Female', 'Honey', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Ointments', 'Wound Infection', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
25,096,284 | Does histologic evaluation of in vivo femtosecond laser-generated capsulotomies reveal a potential cause for radial capsular tears? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare histologically the size and appearance of capsule disks after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and conventional cataract surgery.",
"In 100 eyes of 100 patients with visually significant cataracts, a femtosecond laser capsulotomy or a capsulorhexis with an aimed diameter of 5.0 mm was performed by one experienced surgeon. The diameter, area, circularity, and cut quality was histologically examined with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.",
"The mean diameter of the manual and the femtosecond laser capsule disk group were not statistically significantly different (manual 4.91 ± 0.34; femtosecond: 4.93 ± 0.03; p = 0.58). The mean area of the capsule disks was 18.85 ± 2.69 mm2 in the manual and 19.03 ± 0.26 mm2 in the femtosecond group (p = 0.64). The capsules of the femtosecond group (0.95 ± 0.02) were significantly more circular than the ones of the manual group (0.81 ± 0.07; p<0.0001). The femtosecond laser capsule disks displayed a more saw blade-like structure created through the single laser spots. The histologic examination combined with prospective video analysis revealed respiratory movement of the eye during the capsulotomy as a potential risk factor for redial tears."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Anterior Capsule of the Lens",
"Capsulorhexis",
"Eye Injuries",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Intraoperative Complications",
"Laser Therapy",
"Male",
"Microscopy, Electron, Scanning",
"Middle Aged",
"Phacoemulsification",
"Prospective Studies",
"Reproducibility of Results",
"Tomography, Optical Coherence"
]
} | Femtosecond laser can perform a capsulotomy with high reliability. In comparison to a highly experienced cataract surgeon, the achieved results in size are similar. In terms of circularity, the femtosecond laser was superior the manual procedure. Better refractive outcomes based on a 360°-degree optic overlap seem to be possible, especially for less experienced surgeons. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does histologic evaluation of in vivo femtosecond laser-generated capsulotomies reveal a potential cause for radial capsular tears?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To compare histologically the size and appearance of capsule disks after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and conventional cataract surgery.', 'In 100 eyes of 100 patients with visually significant cataracts, a femtosecond laser capsulotomy or a capsulorhexis with an aimed diameter of 5.0 mm was performed by one experienced surgeon. The diameter, area, circularity, and cut quality was histologically examined with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.', 'The mean diameter of the manual and the femtosecond laser capsule disk group were not statistically significantly different (manual 4.91 ± 0.34; femtosecond: 4.93 ± 0.03; p = 0.58). The mean area of the capsule disks was 18.85 ± 2.69 mm2 in the manual and 19.03 ± 0.26 mm2 in the femtosecond group (p = 0.64). The capsules of the femtosecond group (0.95 ± 0.02) were significantly more circular than the ones of the manual group (0.81 ± 0.07; p<0.0001). The femtosecond laser capsule disks displayed a more saw blade-like structure created through the single laser spots. The histologic examination combined with prospective video analysis revealed respiratory movement of the eye during the capsulotomy as a potential risk factor for redial tears.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Anterior Capsule of the Lens', 'Capsulorhexis', 'Eye Injuries', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intraoperative Complications', 'Laser Therapy', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron, Scanning', 'Middle Aged', 'Phacoemulsification', 'Prospective Studies', 'Reproducibility of Results', 'Tomography, Optical Coherence']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
25,096,285 | Do pilot study of glaucoma drainage implant surgery supplemented with reticulated hyaluronic acid gel in severe glaucoma? | {
"contexts": [
"This pilot study, the first of its type, was conducted to determine the clinical outcome of glaucoma drainage implant (GDI) surgery supplemented with injectable crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) in patients with severe glaucoma.",
"This was a retrospective chart study involving 10 eyes of 10 patients with severe glaucoma (glaucomatous visual field loss worse than -20 dB) who had previously undergone GDI surgery supplemented with crosslinked HA with a 2-year follow-up. Surgical success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) <21 mm Hg with a reduction of ≥40% (definition A) or ≥50% (definition B) from baseline IOP on 2 consecutive follow-up visits, IOP >5 mm Hg on 2 consecutive follow-up visits, and neither reoperation of glaucoma nor loss of light perception vision.",
"The mean ± SD baseline IOP before GDI was 38.5 ± 10.7 mm Hg, and the mean IOP at the last follow-up visit was 13.0 ± 5.0 mm Hg, with a mean pressure drop of 24.4 ± 10.9 mm Hg (62%; p = 0.005). According to definition A, life-table analysis showed an overall success rate of 80%, while according to definition B, the success rate was 50% after 24 months of follow-up. Complications were infrequent and not serious. No complications resulting from the reticulated HA therapy itself were observed."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"Combined Modality Therapy",
"Cross-Linking Reagents",
"Female",
"Glaucoma",
"Glaucoma Drainage Implants",
"Humans",
"Hyaluronic Acid",
"Intraocular Pressure",
"Intraoperative Period",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pilot Projects",
"Prosthesis Implantation",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Tonometry, Ocular",
"Viscosupplements",
"Visual Acuity"
]
} | In eyes with severe glaucoma, the intraoperative application of crosslinked sodium HA gel may improve the efficacy of GDI surgery. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do pilot study of glaucoma drainage implant surgery supplemented with reticulated hyaluronic acid gel in severe glaucoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This pilot study, the first of its type, was conducted to determine the clinical outcome of glaucoma drainage implant (GDI) surgery supplemented with injectable crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) in patients with severe glaucoma.', 'This was a retrospective chart study involving 10 eyes of 10 patients with severe glaucoma (glaucomatous visual field loss worse than -20 dB) who had previously undergone GDI surgery supplemented with crosslinked HA with a 2-year follow-up. Surgical success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) <21 mm Hg with a reduction of ≥40% (definition A) or ≥50% (definition B) from baseline IOP on 2 consecutive follow-up visits, IOP >5 mm Hg on 2 consecutive follow-up visits, and neither reoperation of glaucoma nor loss of light perception vision.', 'The mean ± SD baseline IOP before GDI was 38.5 ± 10.7 mm Hg, and the mean IOP at the last follow-up visit was 13.0 ± 5.0 mm Hg, with a mean pressure drop of 24.4 ± 10.9 mm Hg (62%; p = 0.005). According to definition A, life-table analysis showed an overall success rate of 80%, while according to definition B, the success rate was 50% after 24 months of follow-up. Complications were infrequent and not serious. No complications resulting from the reticulated HA therapy itself were observed.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'Combined Modality Therapy', 'Cross-Linking Reagents', 'Female', 'Glaucoma', 'Glaucoma Drainage Implants', 'Humans', 'Hyaluronic Acid', 'Intraocular Pressure', 'Intraoperative Period', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pilot Projects', 'Prosthesis Implantation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Tonometry, Ocular', 'Viscosupplements', 'Visual Acuity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
25,085,325 | Are differences in otosclerotic and normal human stapedial osteoblast properties normalized by alendronate in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"Identify and compare phenotypic properties of osteoblasts from patients with otosclerosis (OSO), normal bones (HOB), and normal stapes (NSO) to determine a possible cause for OSO hypermineralization and assess any effects of the bisphosphonate, alendronate.",
"OSO (n = 11), NSO (n = 4), and HOB (n = 13) cultures were assayed for proliferation, adhesion, mineralization, and gene expression with and without 10(-10)M-10(-8)M alendronate.",
"Academic hospital.",
"Cultures were matched for age, sex, and passage number. Cell attachment and proliferation + alendronate were determined by Coulter counting cells and assaying tritiated thymidine uptake, respectively. At 7, 14, and 21 days of culture + alendronate, calcium content and gene expression by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were determined.",
"OSO had significantly more cells adhere but less proliferation than NSO or HOB. Calcification was significantly increased in OSO compared to HOB and NSO. NSO and HOB had similar cell adhesion and proliferation rates. A dose-dependent effect of alendronate on OSO adhesion, proliferation, and mineralization was found, resulting in levels equal to NSO and HOB. All cultures expressed osteoblast-specific genes such as RUNX2, alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, and osteocalcin. However, osteopontin was dramatically reduced, 9.4-fold at 14 days, in OSO compared to NSO. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG), important in bone resorption, was elevated in OSO with decreased levels of OPG levels. Alendronate had little effect on gene expression in HOB but in OSO increased osteopontin levels and decreased RANKL/OPG."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Alendronate",
"Bone Density Conservation Agents",
"Calcification, Physiologic",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cell Adhesion",
"Cell Culture Techniques",
"Cell Proliferation",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Osteoblasts",
"Otosclerosis",
"Stapes"
]
} | OSO cultures displayed properties of hypermineralization due to decreased osteopontin (OPN) and also had increased RANKL/OPG, which were normalized by alendronate. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are differences in otosclerotic and normal human stapedial osteoblast properties normalized by alendronate in vitro?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Identify and compare phenotypic properties of osteoblasts from patients with otosclerosis (OSO), normal bones (HOB), and normal stapes (NSO) to determine a possible cause for OSO hypermineralization and assess any effects of the bisphosphonate, alendronate.', 'OSO (n = 11), NSO (n = 4), and HOB (n = 13) cultures were assayed for proliferation, adhesion, mineralization, and gene expression with and without 10(-10)M-10(-8)M alendronate.', 'Academic hospital.', 'Cultures were matched for age, sex, and passage number. Cell attachment and proliferation + alendronate were determined by Coulter counting cells and assaying tritiated thymidine uptake, respectively. At 7, 14, and 21 days of culture + alendronate, calcium content and gene expression by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were determined.', 'OSO had significantly more cells adhere but less proliferation than NSO or HOB. Calcification was significantly increased in OSO compared to HOB and NSO. NSO and HOB had similar cell adhesion and proliferation rates. A dose-dependent effect of alendronate on OSO adhesion, proliferation, and mineralization was found, resulting in levels equal to NSO and HOB. All cultures expressed osteoblast-specific genes such as RUNX2, alkaline phosphatase, type I collagen, and osteocalcin. However, osteopontin was dramatically reduced, 9.4-fold at 14 days, in OSO compared to NSO. Receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand/osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG), important in bone resorption, was elevated in OSO with decreased levels of OPG levels. Alendronate had little effect on gene expression in HOB but in OSO increased osteopontin levels and decreased RANKL/OPG.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Alendronate', 'Bone Density Conservation Agents', 'Calcification, Physiologic', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Proliferation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoblasts', 'Otosclerosis', 'Stapes']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
25,083,187 | Does morphine attenuate testosterone response to central injection of kisspeptin in male rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Kisspeptin and naloxone stimulate the reproductive axis while morphine inhibits its function. We have investigated the effect of central injection of kisspeptin-10 on mean plasma testosterone concentration in morphine or naloxone pretreated rats.",
"In this experimental study, 60 male Wistar rats that were divid- ed into 12 groups (n=5 per group) received saline, kisspeptin (1 nmol, ICV), naloxone (2 mg/kg, subcutaneously), morphine (5 or 10 mg/kg, sc) or co-administrations of kisspeptin, morphine and naloxone at 09:00 - 09:30. In the co-administrated groups, kisspeptin was injected 15 minutes following morphine or naloxone injections. Blood samples were collected 60 minutes following injections via the tail vein. Plasma testosterone concentration was measured by a rat testosterone ELISA kit.",
"Central injection of kisspeptin or subcutaneous injection of naloxone significantly increased the mean plasma testosterone concentration compared to saline while subcutaneous injections of different doses of morphine (5 or 10 mg/kg) significantly decreased testosterone compared to saline. The results revealed that morphine significantly attenuated the testosterone increase after kisspeptin injection compared to kisspeptin while a stimulatory additive effect was observed in the kisspeptin/naloxone group compared to either naloxone or kisspeptin."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Morphine and kisspeptin systems may interact with each other to control the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does morphine attenuate testosterone response to central injection of kisspeptin in male rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Kisspeptin and naloxone stimulate the reproductive axis while morphine inhibits its function. We have investigated the effect of central injection of kisspeptin-10 on mean plasma testosterone concentration in morphine or naloxone pretreated rats.', 'In this experimental study, 60 male Wistar rats that were divid- ed into 12 groups (n=5 per group) received saline, kisspeptin (1 nmol, ICV), naloxone (2 mg/kg, subcutaneously), morphine (5 or 10 mg/kg, sc) or co-administrations of kisspeptin, morphine and naloxone at 09:00 - 09:30. In the co-administrated groups, kisspeptin was injected 15 minutes following morphine or naloxone injections. Blood samples were collected 60 minutes following injections via the tail vein. Plasma testosterone concentration was measured by a rat testosterone ELISA kit.', 'Central injection of kisspeptin or subcutaneous injection of naloxone significantly increased the mean plasma testosterone concentration compared to saline while subcutaneous injections of different doses of morphine (5 or 10 mg/kg) significantly decreased testosterone compared to saline. The results revealed that morphine significantly attenuated the testosterone increase after kisspeptin injection compared to kisspeptin while a stimulatory additive effect was observed in the kisspeptin/naloxone group compared to either naloxone or kisspeptin.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
25,087,753 | Does prediction of Thorough QT study result using action potential simulations based on ion channel screens? | {
"contexts": [
"Detection of drug-induced pro-arrhythmic risk is a primary concern for pharmaceutical companies and regulators. Increased risk is linked to prolongation of the QT interval on the body surface ECG. Recent studies have shown that multiple ion channel interactions can be required to predict changes in ventricular repolarisation and therefore QT intervals. In this study we attempt to predict the result of the human clinical Thorough QT (TQT) study, using multiple ion channel screening which is available early in drug development.",
"Ion current reduction was measured, in the presence of marketed drugs which have had a TQT study, for channels encoded by hERG, CaV1.2, NaV1.5, KCNQ1/MinK, and Kv4.3/KChIP2.2. The screen was performed on two platforms - IonWorks Quattro (all 5 channels, 34 compounds), and IonWorks Barracuda (hERG & CaV1.2, 26 compounds). Concentration-effect curves were fitted to the resulting data, and used to calculate a percentage reduction in each current at a given concentration. Action potential simulations were then performed using the ten Tusscher and Panfilov (2006), Grandi et al. (2010) and O'Hara et al. (2011) human ventricular action potential models, pacing at 1Hz and running to steady state, for a range of concentrations.",
"We compared simulated action potential duration predictions with the QT prolongation observed in the TQT studies. At the estimated concentrations, simulations tended to underestimate any observed QT prolongation. When considering a wider range of concentrations, and conventional patch clamp rather than screening data for hERG, prolongation of ≥5ms was predicted with up to 79% sensitivity and 100% specificity."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Action Potentials",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Drug Evaluation, Preclinical",
"Electrocardiography",
"Humans",
"Ion Channels",
"Long QT Syndrome"
]
} | This study provides a proof-of-principle for the prediction of human TQT study results using data available early in drug development. We highlight a number of areas that need refinement to improve the method's predictive power, but the results suggest that such approaches will provide a useful tool in cardiac safety assessment. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does prediction of Thorough QT study result using action potential simulations based on ion channel screens?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Detection of drug-induced pro-arrhythmic risk is a primary concern for pharmaceutical companies and regulators. Increased risk is linked to prolongation of the QT interval on the body surface ECG. Recent studies have shown that multiple ion channel interactions can be required to predict changes in ventricular repolarisation and therefore QT intervals. In this study we attempt to predict the result of the human clinical Thorough QT (TQT) study, using multiple ion channel screening which is available early in drug development.', \"Ion current reduction was measured, in the presence of marketed drugs which have had a TQT study, for channels encoded by hERG, CaV1.2, NaV1.5, KCNQ1/MinK, and Kv4.3/KChIP2.2. The screen was performed on two platforms - IonWorks Quattro (all 5 channels, 34 compounds), and IonWorks Barracuda (hERG & CaV1.2, 26 compounds). Concentration-effect curves were fitted to the resulting data, and used to calculate a percentage reduction in each current at a given concentration. Action potential simulations were then performed using the ten Tusscher and Panfilov (2006), Grandi et al. (2010) and O'Hara et al. (2011) human ventricular action potential models, pacing at 1Hz and running to steady state, for a range of concentrations.\", 'We compared simulated action potential duration predictions with the QT prolongation observed in the TQT studies. At the estimated concentrations, simulations tended to underestimate any observed QT prolongation. When considering a wider range of concentrations, and conventional patch clamp rather than screening data for hERG, prolongation of ≥5ms was predicted with up to 79% sensitivity and 100% specificity.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Action Potentials', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Evaluation, Preclinical', 'Electrocardiography', 'Humans', 'Ion Channels', 'Long QT Syndrome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
25,078,146 | Is the altered mononuclear cell-derived cytokine response to glucose ingestion regulated by excess adiposity in polycystic ovary syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Excess adipose tissue is a source of inflammation. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a proinflammatory state and is often associated with excess abdominal adiposity (AA) alone and/or frank obesity.",
"To determine the effect of glucose ingestion on cytokine release from mononuclear cells (MNC) in women with PCOS with and without excess AA and/or obesity.",
"A cross-sectional study.",
"Academic medical center.",
"Twenty-three women with PCOS (seven normal weight with normal AA, eight normal weight with excess AA, eight obese) and 24 ovulatory controls (eight normal weight with normal AA, eight normal weight with excess AA, eight obese).",
"Three-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).",
"Body composition was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Insulin sensitivity was derived from the OGTT (ISOGTT). TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β release was measured in supernatants of cultured MNC isolated from blood samples drawn while fasting and 2 hours after glucose ingestion.",
"Insulin sensitivity was lower in obese subjects regardless of PCOS status and in normal-weight women with PCOS compared with normal-weight controls regardless of body composition status. In response to glucose ingestion, MNC-derived TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β release decreased in both normal-weight control groups but failed to suppress in either normal-weight PCOS group and in obese women regardless of PCOS status. For the combined groups, the cytokine responses were negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity and positively correlated with abdominal fat and androgens."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adiposity",
"Adult",
"Body Composition",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Female",
"Glucose",
"Glucose Tolerance Test",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-1beta",
"Interleukin-6",
"Leukocytes, Mononuclear",
"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha",
"Young Adult"
]
} | Women with PCOS fail to suppress MNC-derived cytokine release in response to glucose ingestion, and this response is independent of excess adiposity. Nevertheless, a similar response is also a feature of obesity per se. Circulating MNC and excess adipose tissue are separate and distinct sources of inflammation in this population. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the altered mononuclear cell-derived cytokine response to glucose ingestion regulated by excess adiposity in polycystic ovary syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Excess adipose tissue is a source of inflammation. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a proinflammatory state and is often associated with excess abdominal adiposity (AA) alone and/or frank obesity.', 'To determine the effect of glucose ingestion on cytokine release from mononuclear cells (MNC) in women with PCOS with and without excess AA and/or obesity.', 'A cross-sectional study.', 'Academic medical center.', 'Twenty-three women with PCOS (seven normal weight with normal AA, eight normal weight with excess AA, eight obese) and 24 ovulatory controls (eight normal weight with normal AA, eight normal weight with excess AA, eight obese).', 'Three-hour 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).', 'Body composition was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Insulin sensitivity was derived from the OGTT (ISOGTT). TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β release was measured in supernatants of cultured MNC isolated from blood samples drawn while fasting and 2 hours after glucose ingestion.', 'Insulin sensitivity was lower in obese subjects regardless of PCOS status and in normal-weight women with PCOS compared with normal-weight controls regardless of body composition status. In response to glucose ingestion, MNC-derived TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β release decreased in both normal-weight control groups but failed to suppress in either normal-weight PCOS group and in obese women regardless of PCOS status. For the combined groups, the cytokine responses were negatively correlated with insulin sensitivity and positively correlated with abdominal fat and androgens.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adiposity', 'Adult', 'Body Composition', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Glucose', 'Glucose Tolerance Test', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-1beta', 'Interleukin-6', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Polycystic Ovary Syndrome', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha', 'Young Adult']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
25,091,841 | Is crohn 's disease but not diverticulitis an independent risk factor for surgical site infections in colectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"Surgical site infections (SSIs) after colectomy for colon cancer (CC), Crohn's disease (CD), and diverticulitis (DD) significantly impact both the immediate postoperative course and long-term disease-specific outcomes. We aim to profile the effect of diagnosis on SSI after segmental colectomy using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) data set.",
"NSQIP data from 2006 to 2011 were investigated, and segmental colectomy procedures performed for the diagnoses of Crohn's disease, DD, and colon malignancy were included. SSI complications were compared by diagnosis using univariate and multivariate analysis.",
"We included 35,557 colectomy cases in the analysis. CD had the highest rate of postoperative SSI (17 vs. 13% DD vs. 10% CC; p < 0.001). Using CC as the comparison group and controlling for multiple variables, the multivariate analysis showed that the CD group had an increased risk for acquiring at least one SSI (odds ratio (OR) = 1.38, p ≤ 0.001), deep incisional SSI (OR = 1.85, p = 0.03), and organ space SSI (OR = 1.51, p = 0.02)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Colectomy",
"Crohn Disease",
"Diverticulitis, Colonic",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Iowa",
"Length of Stay",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Odds Ratio",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Risk Assessment",
"Risk Factors",
"Surgical Wound Infection"
]
} | For patients undergoing segmental colectomy in the NSQIP data set, statistically significant increases in SSI are seen in CD, but not DD, when compared to CC, thus confirming CD as an independent risk factor for SSI. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is crohn 's disease but not diverticulitis an independent risk factor for surgical site infections in colectomy?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Surgical site infections (SSIs) after colectomy for colon cancer (CC), Crohn's disease (CD), and diverticulitis (DD) significantly impact both the immediate postoperative course and long-term disease-specific outcomes. We aim to profile the effect of diagnosis on SSI after segmental colectomy using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) data set.\", \"NSQIP data from 2006 to 2011 were investigated, and segmental colectomy procedures performed for the diagnoses of Crohn's disease, DD, and colon malignancy were included. SSI complications were compared by diagnosis using univariate and multivariate analysis.\", 'We included 35,557 colectomy cases in the analysis. CD had the highest rate of postoperative SSI (17 vs. 13% DD vs. 10% CC; p\\u2009<\\u20090.001). Using CC as the comparison group and controlling for multiple variables, the multivariate analysis showed that the CD group had an increased risk for acquiring at least one SSI (odds ratio (OR)\\u2009=\\u20091.38, p\\u2009≤\\u20090.001), deep incisional SSI (OR\\u2009=\\u20091.85, p\\u2009=\\u20090.03), and organ space SSI (OR\\u2009=\\u20091.51, p\\u2009=\\u20090.02).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Colectomy', 'Crohn Disease', 'Diverticulitis, Colonic', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Iowa', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Odds Ratio', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Surgical Wound Infection']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
25,073,922 | Do dopamine D1 and corticotrophin-releasing hormone type-2α receptors assemble into functionally interacting complexes in living cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Dopamine and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH; also known as corticotrophin-releasing factor) are key neurotransmitters in the interaction between stress and addiction. Repeated treatment with cocaine potentiates glutamatergic transmission in the rat basolateral amygdala/cortex pathway through a synergistic action of D1 -like dopamine receptors and CRH type-2α receptors (CRF2 α receptors). We hypothesized that this observed synergism could be instrumented by heteromers containing the dopamine D1 receptor and CRF2 α receptor.",
"D1 /CRF2 α receptor heteromerization was demonstrated in HEK293T cells using co-immunoprecipitation, BRET and FRET assays, and by using the heteromer mobilization strategy. The ability of D1 receptors to signal through calcium, when singly expressed or co-expressed with CRF2 α receptors, was evaluated by the calcium mobilization assay.",
"D1 /CRF2 α receptor heteromers were observed in HEK293T cells. When singly expressed, D1 receptors were mostly located at the cell surface whereas CRF2 α receptors accumulated intracellularly. Interestingly, co-expression of both receptors promoted D1 receptor intracellular and CRF2 α receptor cell surface targeting. The heteromerization of D1 /CRF2 α receptors maintained the signalling through cAMP of both receptors but switched D1 receptor signalling properties, as the heteromeric D1 receptor was able to mobilize intracellular calcium upon stimulation with a D1 receptor agonist."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Calcium",
"Cell Membrane",
"Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone",
"Dopamine",
"HEK293 Cells",
"Humans",
"Immunoprecipitation",
"Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone",
"Receptors, Dopamine D1",
"Signal Transduction"
]
} | D1 and CRF2 α receptors are capable of heterodimerization in living cells. D1 /CRF2 α receptor heteromerization might account, at least in part, for the complex physiological interactions established between dopamine and CRH in normal and pathological conditions such as addiction, representing a new potential pharmacological target. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do dopamine D1 and corticotrophin-releasing hormone type-2α receptors assemble into functionally interacting complexes in living cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Dopamine and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH; also known as corticotrophin-releasing factor) are key neurotransmitters in the interaction between stress and addiction. Repeated treatment with cocaine potentiates glutamatergic transmission in the rat basolateral amygdala/cortex pathway through a synergistic action of D1 -like dopamine receptors and CRH type-2α receptors (CRF2 α receptors). We hypothesized that this observed synergism could be instrumented by heteromers containing the dopamine D1 receptor and CRF2 α receptor.', 'D1 /CRF2 α receptor heteromerization was demonstrated in HEK293T cells using co-immunoprecipitation, BRET and FRET assays, and by using the heteromer mobilization strategy. The ability of D1 receptors to signal through calcium, when singly expressed or co-expressed with CRF2 α receptors, was evaluated by the calcium mobilization assay.', 'D1 /CRF2 α receptor heteromers were observed in HEK293T cells. When singly expressed, D1 receptors were mostly located at the cell surface whereas CRF2 α receptors accumulated intracellularly. Interestingly, co-expression of both receptors promoted D1 receptor intracellular and CRF2 α receptor cell surface targeting. The heteromerization of D1 /CRF2 α receptors maintained the signalling through cAMP of both receptors but switched D1 receptor signalling properties, as the heteromeric D1 receptor was able to mobilize intracellular calcium upon stimulation with a D1 receptor agonist.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Calcium', 'Cell Membrane', 'Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Dopamine', 'HEK293 Cells', 'Humans', 'Immunoprecipitation', 'Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Receptors, Dopamine D1', 'Signal Transduction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
25,070,472 | Is increased Hs-CRP/adiponectin ratio associated with increase carotid intima-media thickness? | {
"contexts": [
"High sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and adiponectin (APN) are two critical cytokines and exert inverse effects on atherosclerosis initiation and progression. The purpose of our study was to investigate the value of Hs-CRP and ANP ratio (Hs-CRP/APN ratio) on evaluating atherosclerosis progression.",
"One hundred sixty consecutive participants underwent carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measured by ultrasound were enrolled and drawn fasting blood samples for plasma levels Hs-CRP and APN, serum levels of lipid profiles and fasting blood glucose evaluation. Other anthropometrics and clinical status were collected by questionnaire. All participants were divided into 4 groups according to the baseline Hs-CRP/APN ratio and underwent CIMT measurement every 6 months. CIMT increment and composite cardiovascular endpoints were compared after 24 months' follow-up.",
"At baseline, body mass index (BMI), smoking, diabetic mellitus, usage of statins, Hs-CRP and APN independently correlated with Hs-CRP/APN ratio as analyzed by spearman rank correlation. Smoking, serum level of LDL-C, plasma level of Hs-CRP and Hs-CRP/APN ratio were positively correlated with CIMT while usage of statins and plasma level of APN were negatively correlated with CIMT as analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. After 24 months' follow-up, the progression of CIMT was the most prominent in the fourth quartile of baseline Hs-CRP/APN ratio. In addition, the incidence of composite cardiovascular endpoint was also higher in the fourth quartile as compared to the other 3 lower quartiles."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adiponectin",
"Atherosclerosis",
"Biomarkers",
"C-Reactive Protein",
"Carotid Arteries",
"Carotid Artery Diseases",
"Carotid Intima-Media Thickness",
"Disease Progression",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged"
]
} | Hs-CRP/APN ratio was a useful predictor to discriminate subjects who were at increased risk of atherosclerosis progression. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is increased Hs-CRP/adiponectin ratio associated with increase carotid intima-media thickness?\nContext: {'contexts': ['High sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and adiponectin (APN) are two critical cytokines and exert inverse effects on atherosclerosis initiation and progression. The purpose of our study was to investigate the value of Hs-CRP and ANP ratio (Hs-CRP/APN ratio) on evaluating atherosclerosis progression.', \"One hundred sixty consecutive participants underwent carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) measured by ultrasound were enrolled and drawn fasting blood samples for plasma levels Hs-CRP and APN, serum levels of lipid profiles and fasting blood glucose evaluation. Other anthropometrics and clinical status were collected by questionnaire. All participants were divided into 4 groups according to the baseline Hs-CRP/APN ratio and underwent CIMT measurement every 6 months. CIMT increment and composite cardiovascular endpoints were compared after 24 months' follow-up.\", \"At baseline, body mass index (BMI), smoking, diabetic mellitus, usage of statins, Hs-CRP and APN independently correlated with Hs-CRP/APN ratio as analyzed by spearman rank correlation. Smoking, serum level of LDL-C, plasma level of Hs-CRP and Hs-CRP/APN ratio were positively correlated with CIMT while usage of statins and plasma level of APN were negatively correlated with CIMT as analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. After 24 months' follow-up, the progression of CIMT was the most prominent in the fourth quartile of baseline Hs-CRP/APN ratio. In addition, the incidence of composite cardiovascular endpoint was also higher in the fourth quartile as compared to the other 3 lower quartiles.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adiponectin', 'Atherosclerosis', 'Biomarkers', 'C-Reactive Protein', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Carotid Intima-Media Thickness', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,735,902 | Is fluorescence in situ hybridization on peripheral-blood specimens a reliable method to evaluate cytogenetic response in chronic myeloid leukemia? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the usefulness of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on peripheral-blood specimens to evaluate the cytogenetic response to treatment in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).",
"In a first attempt, we analyzed 62 bone marrow specimens using interphase FISH and compared the results with those of conventional cytogenetics. In a second step, we analyzed 60 paired sets of bone marrow and peripheral-blood specimens with interphase FISH.",
"The results of interphase FISH agreed with conventional cytogenetics on bone marrow for most patients, and only minor differences were found (r =.98). The comparison of interphase FISH on bone marrow versus peripheral-blood specimens showed a strong correlation between these two specimen sources (r =.97)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Blood Cells",
"Bone Marrow Cells",
"Cytogenetics",
"Humans",
"In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence",
"Interphase",
"Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prognosis",
"Sensitivity and Specificity",
"Translocation, Genetic",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Our results confirmed that FISH is a sensitive technique for the evaluation of response to treatment in patients with CML. Moreover, our study suggests that follow-up of cytogenetic response to therapy can be evaluated on peripheral-blood specimens, thus enabling an easier and more frequent evaluation of patients. The next step will be to evaluate this technique in a large prospective trial to define the prognostic value of complete remissions evaluated by FISH. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is fluorescence in situ hybridization on peripheral-blood specimens a reliable method to evaluate cytogenetic response in chronic myeloid leukemia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To evaluate the usefulness of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on peripheral-blood specimens to evaluate the cytogenetic response to treatment in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).', 'In a first attempt, we analyzed 62 bone marrow specimens using interphase FISH and compared the results with those of conventional cytogenetics. In a second step, we analyzed 60 paired sets of bone marrow and peripheral-blood specimens with interphase FISH.', 'The results of interphase FISH agreed with conventional cytogenetics on bone marrow for most patients, and only minor differences were found (r =.98). The comparison of interphase FISH on bone marrow versus peripheral-blood specimens showed a strong correlation between these two specimen sources (r =.97).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Blood Cells', 'Bone Marrow Cells', 'Cytogenetics', 'Humans', 'In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence', 'Interphase', 'Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Sensitivity and Specificity', 'Translocation, Genetic', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,735,901 | Does hypersensitivity or development of antibodies to asparaginase impact treatment outcome of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Development of antibodies and hypersensitivity to asparaginase are common and may attenuate asparaginase effect. Our aim was to determine the relationship between antiasparaginase antibodies or hypersensitivity reactions and event-free survival (EFS).",
"One hundred fifty-four children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia received Escherichia coli asparaginase 10,000 IU/m(2) intramuscularly three times weekly for nine doses during multiagent induction and reinduction phases and for seven monthly doses during continuation treatment. Erwinia asparaginase was used in case of clinical hypersensitivity to E coli but not for subclinical development of antibodies. Plasma antiasparaginase antibody concentrations were measured on day 29 of induction in 152 patients.",
"Antibodies were detectable in 54 patients (35.5%), of whom 30 (55.6%) exhibited hypersensitivity to asparaginase. Of the 98 patients who had no detectable antibodies, 18 (18.4%) had allergic reactions. Patients with antibodies were more likely to have a reaction than those without antibodies (P <.001). Among the 50 patients who experienced allergic reactions (including two for whom antibodies were not measured), 36 (72.0%) were subsequently given Erwinia asparaginase; seven (19.4%) reacted to this preparation. EFS did not differ among patients who did and did not have antibodies (P =.54), with 4-year EFS (+/- 1 SE) of 83% +/- 6% and 76% +/- 5%, respectively. Similarly, EFS did not differ among patients who did and did not develop allergic reactions (P =.68), with 4-year estimates of 82% +/- 6% and 78% +/- 5%, respectively."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Antibody Formation",
"Antineoplastic Agents",
"Asparaginase",
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Drug Hypersensitivity",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Injections, Intramuscular",
"Male",
"Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma",
"Prognosis",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | In this setting, in which most patients with allergy were switched to another preparation, there was no adverse prognostic impact of clinical or subclinical allergy to asparaginase. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hypersensitivity or development of antibodies to asparaginase impact treatment outcome of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Development of antibodies and hypersensitivity to asparaginase are common and may attenuate asparaginase effect. Our aim was to determine the relationship between antiasparaginase antibodies or hypersensitivity reactions and event-free survival (EFS).', 'One hundred fifty-four children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia received Escherichia coli asparaginase 10,000 IU/m(2) intramuscularly three times weekly for nine doses during multiagent induction and reinduction phases and for seven monthly doses during continuation treatment. Erwinia asparaginase was used in case of clinical hypersensitivity to E coli but not for subclinical development of antibodies. Plasma antiasparaginase antibody concentrations were measured on day 29 of induction in 152 patients.', 'Antibodies were detectable in 54 patients (35.5%), of whom 30 (55.6%) exhibited hypersensitivity to asparaginase. Of the 98 patients who had no detectable antibodies, 18 (18.4%) had allergic reactions. Patients with antibodies were more likely to have a reaction than those without antibodies (P <.001). Among the 50 patients who experienced allergic reactions (including two for whom antibodies were not measured), 36 (72.0%) were subsequently given Erwinia asparaginase; seven (19.4%) reacted to this preparation. EFS did not differ among patients who did and did not have antibodies (P =.54), with 4-year EFS (+/- 1 SE) of 83% +/- 6% and 76% +/- 5%, respectively. Similarly, EFS did not differ among patients who did and did not develop allergic reactions (P =.68), with 4-year estimates of 82% +/- 6% and 78% +/- 5%, respectively.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Antibody Formation', 'Antineoplastic Agents', 'Asparaginase', 'Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Drug Hypersensitivity', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Injections, Intramuscular', 'Male', 'Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma', 'Prognosis', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
10,735,904 | Is vinorelbine an effective and safe drug for AIDS-related Kaposi 's sarcoma : results of a phase II study? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the safety and efficacy of vinorelbine in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS).",
"From December 1994 to May 1997, within the Italian Cooperative Group on AIDS and Tumors, we enrolled 36 patients with AIDS-related KS who experienced disease progression after one or more regimens of systemic chemotherapy. Patients were treated with vinorelbine 30 mg/m(2) every 2 weeks by intravenous bolus.",
"Of 35 assessable patients, three (9%) had a clinical complete response and 12 (34%) had a partial remission, for an overall objective response rate of 43% (95% confidence interval, 26% to 61%). For the 15 patients with objective responses, the median duration of response from the beginning of therapy until the development of progression was 176 days, whereas the median progression-free survival and the median survival durations for 35 assessable patients were 151 days and 216 days, respectively. Vinorelbine also induced responses in patients who had become resistant to regimens that included other vinca alkaloids. Overall, vinorelbine was well tolerated. Toxicity, including neurologic toxicity, was mild and reversible. Neutropenia was the most frequent dose-limiting toxicity."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome",
"Adult",
"Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic",
"Drug Resistance, Neoplasm",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Recurrence, Local",
"Sarcoma, Kaposi",
"Skin Neoplasms",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Vinblastine",
"Vinorelbine"
]
} | Vinorelbine is safe and effective in the treatment of patients with advanced KS who have been previously treated with one or more chemotherapy regimens. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is vinorelbine an effective and safe drug for AIDS-related Kaposi 's sarcoma : results of a phase II study?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"To assess the safety and efficacy of vinorelbine in patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (KS).\", 'From December 1994 to May 1997, within the Italian Cooperative Group on AIDS and Tumors, we enrolled 36 patients with AIDS-related KS who experienced disease progression after one or more regimens of systemic chemotherapy. Patients were treated with vinorelbine 30 mg/m(2) every 2 weeks by intravenous bolus.', 'Of 35 assessable patients, three (9%) had a clinical complete response and 12 (34%) had a partial remission, for an overall objective response rate of 43% (95% confidence interval, 26% to 61%). For the 15 patients with objective responses, the median duration of response from the beginning of therapy until the development of progression was 176 days, whereas the median progression-free survival and the median survival durations for 35 assessable patients were 151 days and 216 days, respectively. Vinorelbine also induced responses in patients who had become resistant to regimens that included other vinca alkaloids. Overall, vinorelbine was well tolerated. Toxicity, including neurologic toxicity, was mild and reversible. Neutropenia was the most frequent dose-limiting toxicity.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome', 'Adult', 'Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic', 'Drug Resistance, Neoplasm', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Sarcoma, Kaposi', 'Skin Neoplasms', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Vinblastine', 'Vinorelbine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,731,532 | Do serum testosterone levels decrease in middle age in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether testosterone levels change as women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) grow older.",
"A follow-up cross-sectional study of a cohort of women with PCOS identified up to 20-25 years ago.",
"Women with PCOS were recruited primarily from practice records between 1970 and 1990. Voter registration tapes and household directories were used to identify age-, race-, and neighborhood-matched controls.",
"Eighty-four women with PCOS, 20-57 years of age, and 37 age-matched controls participating in a study of the risk for cardiovascular disease in women with PCOS.",
"Clinical data were collected by questionnaire and fasting blood samples were obtained randomly throughout the menstrual cycle.",
"Total and non-SHBG-bound testosterone levels.",
"Total and non-SHBG-bound testosterone levels were similar in women with PCOS who were 20-42 years of age but were reduced by approximately 50% among women 42-47 years of age and remained stable in women older than 47 years of age. Testosterone levels were increased in younger and older women with PCOS compared with controls but were similar to controls in women 42-47 years of age."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Age Factors",
"Body Weight",
"Case-Control Studies",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Female",
"Follicle Stimulating Hormone",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Luteinizing Hormone",
"Middle Aged",
"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome",
"Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin",
"Testosterone"
]
} | Hyperandrogenism partly resolves before menopause in women with PCOS. This change may explain the tendency of women with PCOS to cycle regularly as they grow older. Testosterone levels remain elevated in older women with PCOS, however, and may contribute to their increased risk for cardiovascular disease, endometrial cancer, and other diseases. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do serum testosterone levels decrease in middle age in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether testosterone levels change as women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) grow older.', 'A follow-up cross-sectional study of a cohort of women with PCOS identified up to 20-25 years ago.', 'Women with PCOS were recruited primarily from practice records between 1970 and 1990. Voter registration tapes and household directories were used to identify age-, race-, and neighborhood-matched controls.', 'Eighty-four women with PCOS, 20-57 years of age, and 37 age-matched controls participating in a study of the risk for cardiovascular disease in women with PCOS.', 'Clinical data were collected by questionnaire and fasting blood samples were obtained randomly throughout the menstrual cycle.', 'Total and non-SHBG-bound testosterone levels.', 'Total and non-SHBG-bound testosterone levels were similar in women with PCOS who were 20-42 years of age but were reduced by approximately 50% among women 42-47 years of age and remained stable in women older than 47 years of age. Testosterone levels were increased in younger and older women with PCOS compared with controls but were similar to controls in women 42-47 years of age.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Age Factors', 'Body Weight', 'Case-Control Studies', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Female', 'Follicle Stimulating Hormone', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Middle Aged', 'Polycystic Ovary Syndrome', 'Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin', 'Testosterone']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,731,533 | Does androgen excess contribute to altered growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the relationship between ovarian androgen excess and impaired growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).",
"A prospective, controlled clinical study.",
"Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Clinical Medicine.",
"Six patients with PCOS with both clomiphene resistance and gonadotropin hyperreponsiveness and six controls with regular cycles, matched for age and body mass index (BMI).",
"Bilateral ovarian wedge resection (OWR) was performed to induce ovulation surgically for these refractory women with PCOS. A GH stimulation test with oral L-dopa was arranged for controls and for patients with PCOS before and again 6 months later after OWR.",
"Plasma GH, IGF-1, FSH, LH, testosterone, androstenedione, estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, insulin, and glucose.",
"Basal levels and areas under the response curve of GH and GH-IGF-1 ratio to L-dopa were significantly lower in patients with PCOS before surgery than those of controls. The OWR in patients with PCOS obviously reduced their androstenedione and testosterone levels and insulin-glucose ratios, and increased the GH and GH-IGF-1 responses to L-dopa."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Androgens",
"Androstenedione",
"Estradiol",
"Female",
"Follicle Stimulating Hormone",
"Human Growth Hormone",
"Humans",
"Infertility, Female",
"Insulin-Like Growth Factor I",
"Levodopa",
"Luteinizing Hormone",
"Obesity",
"Ovary",
"Ovulation Induction",
"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome",
"Prospective Studies",
"Testosterone"
]
} | Impaired somatotrophic axis caused by a defect in central dopaminergic activity may be responsible for severe anovulation in these women with PCOS, which could be reversed by removing excessive androgens with OWR. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does androgen excess contribute to altered growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the relationship between ovarian androgen excess and impaired growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).', 'A prospective, controlled clinical study.', 'Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Clinical Medicine.', 'Six patients with PCOS with both clomiphene resistance and gonadotropin hyperreponsiveness and six controls with regular cycles, matched for age and body mass index (BMI).', 'Bilateral ovarian wedge resection (OWR) was performed to induce ovulation surgically for these refractory women with PCOS. A GH stimulation test with oral L-dopa was arranged for controls and for patients with PCOS before and again 6 months later after OWR.', 'Plasma GH, IGF-1, FSH, LH, testosterone, androstenedione, estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, insulin, and glucose.', 'Basal levels and areas under the response curve of GH and GH-IGF-1 ratio to L-dopa were significantly lower in patients with PCOS before surgery than those of controls. The OWR in patients with PCOS obviously reduced their androstenedione and testosterone levels and insulin-glucose ratios, and increased the GH and GH-IGF-1 responses to L-dopa.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Androgens', 'Androstenedione', 'Estradiol', 'Female', 'Follicle Stimulating Hormone', 'Human Growth Hormone', 'Humans', 'Infertility, Female', 'Insulin-Like Growth Factor I', 'Levodopa', 'Luteinizing Hormone', 'Obesity', 'Ovary', 'Ovulation Induction', 'Polycystic Ovary Syndrome', 'Prospective Studies', 'Testosterone']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,737,491 | Is detection of micrometastatic prostate cancer cells in the lymph nodes by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction predictive of biochemical recurrence in pathological stage T2 prostate cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"We evaluated whether detecting prostate cancer cells by the nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in lymph nodes has predictive value for serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) recurrence in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.",
"We assessed the presence of prostate cancer cells by RT-PCR for prostate specific membrane antigen and PSA assay in lymph nodes dissected from 38 patients with localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. The results of nested RT-PCR assay were compared with biochemical recurrence.",
"Nested RT-PCR was positive in the lymph nodes of 2 of 18 patients (11%) with stage pT2a and 5 of 20 (25%) with stage pT2b disease. All 7 patients had biochemical recurrence. We noted a significant difference in the Kaplan-Meier recurrence-free actuarial probability curve in those with positive and negative nested RT-PCR results for prostate specific membrane antigen, PSA and prostate specific membrane antigen-PSA in the lymph nodes (p = 3.02x10(-7), 2.23x10(-7) and 3.02x10(-7), respectively). Multivariate analysis of serum PSA, Gleason score and preoperative RT-PCR assay in peripheral blood showed that nested RT-PCR for prostate specific membrane antigen, PSA and prostate specific membrane antigen-PSA in the lymph nodes were independent predictors of recurrence (p = 0.0089, 0.0075 and 0.0089, respectively)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Humans",
"Lymph Nodes",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasm Recurrence, Local",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prognosis",
"Prostate-Specific Antigen",
"Prostatectomy",
"Prostatic Neoplasms",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction"
]
} | Nested RT-PCR of the lymph nodes may be a useful pretreatment prognostic test for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Further research is necessary using a much larger number of patients with a longer followup. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is detection of micrometastatic prostate cancer cells in the lymph nodes by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction predictive of biochemical recurrence in pathological stage T2 prostate cancer?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We evaluated whether detecting prostate cancer cells by the nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in lymph nodes has predictive value for serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) recurrence in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.', 'We assessed the presence of prostate cancer cells by RT-PCR for prostate specific membrane antigen and PSA assay in lymph nodes dissected from 38 patients with localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. The results of nested RT-PCR assay were compared with biochemical recurrence.', 'Nested RT-PCR was positive in the lymph nodes of 2 of 18 patients (11%) with stage pT2a and 5 of 20 (25%) with stage pT2b disease. All 7 patients had biochemical recurrence. We noted a significant difference in the Kaplan-Meier recurrence-free actuarial probability curve in those with positive and negative nested RT-PCR results for prostate specific membrane antigen, PSA and prostate specific membrane antigen-PSA in the lymph nodes (p = 3.02x10(-7), 2.23x10(-7) and 3.02x10(-7), respectively). Multivariate analysis of serum PSA, Gleason score and preoperative RT-PCR assay in peripheral blood showed that nested RT-PCR for prostate specific membrane antigen, PSA and prostate specific membrane antigen-PSA in the lymph nodes were independent predictors of recurrence (p = 0.0089, 0.0075 and 0.0089, respectively).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Humans', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Prostate-Specific Antigen', 'Prostatectomy', 'Prostatic Neoplasms', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,735,680 | Is low-dose aprotinin ineffective to treat excessive bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass? | {
"contexts": [
"Uncontrolled clinical experience at our institution suggested that low-dose aprotinin could control excessive bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). A randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of low-dose aprotinin in the treatment of hemorrhage after cardiac surgery.",
"One hundred seventy-one patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB were included. Forty-four patients (26%) bled significantly in the intensive care unit (>100 mL/h) and received either aprotinin (200,000 KIU bolus + 100,000 KIU/h for 8 hours) or placebo in addition to our standard management of excessive bleeding.",
"Median bleeding before study drug administration was not different between aprotinin (200 mL) and placebo (212.5 mL) groups. Bleeding decreased significantly with time and similarly in both groups. Ninety-five percent of patients required transfusions in both groups. Median blood products transfused were 13 and 8 units per patient in the aprotinin and placebo groups respectively (p = NS)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Aprotinin",
"Cardiopulmonary Bypass",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Female",
"Hemostatics",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Postoperative Hemorrhage",
"Prospective Studies",
"Treatment Failure"
]
} | Routine administration of low-dose aprotinin as part of the treatment protocol to control hemorrhage after CPB does not reduce bleeding or transfusion requirements and, therefore, cannot be recommended. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is low-dose aprotinin ineffective to treat excessive bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Uncontrolled clinical experience at our institution suggested that low-dose aprotinin could control excessive bleeding after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). A randomized clinical trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of low-dose aprotinin in the treatment of hemorrhage after cardiac surgery.', 'One hundred seventy-one patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB were included. Forty-four patients (26%) bled significantly in the intensive care unit (>100 mL/h) and received either aprotinin (200,000 KIU bolus + 100,000 KIU/h for 8 hours) or placebo in addition to our standard management of excessive bleeding.', 'Median bleeding before study drug administration was not different between aprotinin (200 mL) and placebo (212.5 mL) groups. Bleeding decreased significantly with time and similarly in both groups. Ninety-five percent of patients required transfusions in both groups. Median blood products transfused were 13 and 8 units per patient in the aprotinin and placebo groups respectively (p = NS).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Aprotinin', 'Cardiopulmonary Bypass', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Hemostatics', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Postoperative Hemorrhage', 'Prospective Studies', 'Treatment Failure']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,735,683 | Does ischemic preconditioning protect against paraplegia after transient aortic occlusion in the rat? | {
"contexts": [
"Paraplegia can result from operations requiring transient occlusion of the thoracic aorta. A rat model of paraplegia with the characteristics of delayed paraplegia and transient ischemic dysfunction was developed to determine whether ischemic preconditioning (IPC) improved neurologic outcome.",
"Rats underwent balloon occlusion of the upper descending thoracic aorta. One group (2 minute IPC, n = 19) underwent 2 minutes of IPC and a second group (5 minute IPC, n = 19) had 5 minutes of IPC 48 hours before 10 minutes of occlusion. The control group (n = 31) had no IPC prior to 10 minutes of occlusion.",
"Paraplegia occurred in 68% of the control animals (21 of 31 paraplegic: 6 delayed and 15 immediate paraplegia). Both the 2-minute IPC and 5-minute IPC groups had a decreased incidence of paraplegia when compared to controls (32%, p = 0.011 and 26%, p = 0.009, respectively)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Aorta, Thoracic",
"Disease Models, Animal",
"Ischemic Preconditioning",
"Male",
"Paraplegia",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Spinal Cord"
]
} | A rat model of spinal cord ischemia demonstrating both delayed paraplegia and transient ischemic dysfunction was characterized. Both 2-minute and 5-minute periods of IPC were found to protect against paraplegia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does ischemic preconditioning protect against paraplegia after transient aortic occlusion in the rat?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Paraplegia can result from operations requiring transient occlusion of the thoracic aorta. A rat model of paraplegia with the characteristics of delayed paraplegia and transient ischemic dysfunction was developed to determine whether ischemic preconditioning (IPC) improved neurologic outcome.', 'Rats underwent balloon occlusion of the upper descending thoracic aorta. One group (2 minute IPC, n = 19) underwent 2 minutes of IPC and a second group (5 minute IPC, n = 19) had 5 minutes of IPC 48 hours before 10 minutes of occlusion. The control group (n = 31) had no IPC prior to 10 minutes of occlusion.', 'Paraplegia occurred in 68% of the control animals (21 of 31 paraplegic: 6 delayed and 15 immediate paraplegia). Both the 2-minute IPC and 5-minute IPC groups had a decreased incidence of paraplegia when compared to controls (32%, p = 0.011 and 26%, p = 0.009, respectively).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Aorta, Thoracic', 'Disease Models, Animal', 'Ischemic Preconditioning', 'Male', 'Paraplegia', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Spinal Cord']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,730,731 | Does diclofenac premedication but not intra-articular ropivacaine alleviate pain following day-case knee arthroscopy? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare the postoperative analgesic effects of 50 mg diclofenac p.o. before surgery and intra-articular ropivacaine injected after diagnostic day-case knee arthroscopy performed under spinal anesthesia.",
"In a randomized, double-blind investigation, 200 ASA physical status 1-2 outpatients, age 18-60 yr, received either 50 mg diclofenac p.o. or placebo one hour before operation (100 patients per group), and intraarticular injections of either 20 ml of ropivacaine 0.5% or 20 ml of saline 0.9% (50 patients in each premedication groups). Patients received 50 mg diclofenac p.o. prn and, if needed, 0.1 mg x kg(-1) oxycodone im for postoperative pain relief. Patients were discharged home with a supply of 50 mg diclofenac tablets and were given a sheet of paper with knee pain VAS scales and a questionnaire of analgesics taken. Patients rated their VAS scores eight hours after surgery and in the moming and at the end of the first and the second postoperative days, respectively.",
"The only statistically significant difference was found when the diclofenac groups were combined and compared with the combined placebo premedication groups. The VAS scores of knee pain at eight hours after the operation were 19+/-22 in the two diclofenac premedication groups and 32+/-28 in the two placebo groups (P = 0.001)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Administration, Oral",
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Ambulatory Surgical Procedures",
"Amides",
"Analgesia",
"Analgesics, Opioid",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Anesthesia, Spinal",
"Anesthetics, Local",
"Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal",
"Arthroscopy",
"Diclofenac",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Injections, Intra-Articular",
"Injections, Intramuscular",
"Knee Joint",
"Middle Aged",
"Oxycodone",
"Pain Measurement",
"Pain, Postoperative",
"Placebos",
"Premedication",
"Ropivacaine"
]
} | Diclofenac premedication p.o. reduced the VAS scores at eight hours postoperatively while intra-articular ropivacaine did not. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does diclofenac premedication but not intra-articular ropivacaine alleviate pain following day-case knee arthroscopy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To compare the postoperative analgesic effects of 50 mg diclofenac p.o. before surgery and intra-articular ropivacaine injected after diagnostic day-case knee arthroscopy performed under spinal anesthesia.', 'In a randomized, double-blind investigation, 200 ASA physical status 1-2 outpatients, age 18-60 yr, received either 50 mg diclofenac p.o. or placebo one hour before operation (100 patients per group), and intraarticular injections of either 20 ml of ropivacaine 0.5% or 20 ml of saline 0.9% (50 patients in each premedication groups). Patients received 50 mg diclofenac p.o. prn and, if needed, 0.1 mg x kg(-1) oxycodone im for postoperative pain relief. Patients were discharged home with a supply of 50 mg diclofenac tablets and were given a sheet of paper with knee pain VAS scales and a questionnaire of analgesics taken. Patients rated their VAS scores eight hours after surgery and in the moming and at the end of the first and the second postoperative days, respectively.', 'The only statistically significant difference was found when the diclofenac groups were combined and compared with the combined placebo premedication groups. The VAS scores of knee pain at eight hours after the operation were 19+/-22 in the two diclofenac premedication groups and 32+/-28 in the two placebo groups (P = 0.001).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Administration, Oral', 'Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Ambulatory Surgical Procedures', 'Amides', 'Analgesia', 'Analgesics, Opioid', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Anesthesia, Spinal', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal', 'Arthroscopy', 'Diclofenac', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Injections, Intra-Articular', 'Injections, Intramuscular', 'Knee Joint', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxycodone', 'Pain Measurement', 'Pain, Postoperative', 'Placebos', 'Premedication', 'Ropivacaine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,730,730 | Does advancement of the mandible facilitate nasal breathing in human subjects sedated with midazolam? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine how anterior advancement of the mandible (ADM) affects spontaneous breathing through the nasal route in healthy human volunteers sedated with intravenous midazolam.",
"In four subjects who exhibited nasal breathing during midazolam sedation (intravenous dose: 0.09+/-0.02 mg x kg(-1), mean +/- SD), we measured respiratory rate (RR), peak nasal inspiratory airflow rate (V(nIpeak)) peak nasal expiratory airflow rate (V(nEpeak), duty ratio (Ti/Ttot) and nasal resistance (Rn) before and after ADM. Nasal resistance was calculated by dividing the difference between nasal mask and oropharyngeal pressure by airflow rate at peak nasal inspiratory airflow.",
"The RR, V(nIpeak), and V(nEpeak) increased following ADM (P<0.001, respectively). On the contrary, Ti/Ttot decreased after ADM (P<0.001). Consequently, ADM decreased Rn from 30.4+/-40.8 to 5.0+/-5.6 (cm H2O x l(-1) x sec(-1)) (mean +/- SD) (P<0.001). In these four subjects, no respiratory airflow was observed through the oral route before and after ADM."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Airway Resistance",
"Anesthetics, Intravenous",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hypnotics and Sedatives",
"Inhalation",
"Male",
"Mandible",
"Masks",
"Midazolam",
"Nose",
"Oropharynx",
"Peak Expiratory Flow Rate",
"Posture",
"Pressure",
"Pulmonary Ventilation",
"Respiration"
]
} | Advancement of the mandible decreases nasal resistance, thereby facilitating spontaneous breathing through the nasal route in normal humans sedated with midazolam. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does advancement of the mandible facilitate nasal breathing in human subjects sedated with midazolam?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine how anterior advancement of the mandible (ADM) affects spontaneous breathing through the nasal route in healthy human volunteers sedated with intravenous midazolam.', 'In four subjects who exhibited nasal breathing during midazolam sedation (intravenous dose: 0.09+/-0.02 mg x kg(-1), mean +/- SD), we measured respiratory rate (RR), peak nasal inspiratory airflow rate (V(nIpeak)) peak nasal expiratory airflow rate (V(nEpeak), duty ratio (Ti/Ttot) and nasal resistance (Rn) before and after ADM. Nasal resistance was calculated by dividing the difference between nasal mask and oropharyngeal pressure by airflow rate at peak nasal inspiratory airflow.', 'The RR, V(nIpeak), and V(nEpeak) increased following ADM (P<0.001, respectively). On the contrary, Ti/Ttot decreased after ADM (P<0.001). Consequently, ADM decreased Rn from 30.4+/-40.8 to 5.0+/-5.6 (cm H2O x l(-1) x sec(-1)) (mean +/- SD) (P<0.001). In these four subjects, no respiratory airflow was observed through the oral route before and after ADM.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Airway Resistance', 'Anesthetics, Intravenous', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hypnotics and Sedatives', 'Inhalation', 'Male', 'Mandible', 'Masks', 'Midazolam', 'Nose', 'Oropharynx', 'Peak Expiratory Flow Rate', 'Posture', 'Pressure', 'Pulmonary Ventilation', 'Respiration']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,728,400 | Does aCE-inhibition promote apoptosis after balloon injury of rat carotid arteries? | {
"contexts": [
"Angiotensin II stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth, and is considered to be an important mediator of intimal thickening after vascular injury. Recent evidence has indicated that VSMC apoptosis plays a major role in the response to balloon injury, and we therefore examined the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibition on VSMC apoptosis and vascular lesion formation in the rat model of balloon injury.",
"Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to carotid artery balloon injury and randomised to a standard diet or a diet supplemented with 1 mg/ml captopril in the drinking water. Animals were sacrificed 2 and 14 days after injury for assessment of apoptosis and proliferation by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry, respectively. At 14 days post injury, vessel cross-sections were subjected to microscopic morphometry and total cell numbers were determined.",
"At 2 days after balloon injury, captopril-treated animals displayed a significant increase in the percentage of TUNEL-positive VSMCs in the medial area (12 +/- 4% vs. 1 +/- 1%; P < 0.05) as compared to controls. This increase in early apoptosis was associated with decreased intimal cellularity 14 days post injury (238 +/- 47 cells/cross-section vs. 449 +/- 75 cells/cross-section; P < 0.05), and a reduction of neointimal formation (0.13 +/- 0.02 mm2 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.04 mm2; P < 0.05). The fraction of PCNA-positive VSMCs per cross-section 2 or 14 days after injury was not significantly altered by captopril administration."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Angioplasty, Balloon",
"Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors",
"Animals",
"Apoptosis",
"Captopril",
"Carotid Artery, Common",
"Cell Division",
"In Situ Nick-End Labeling",
"Male",
"Microscopy, Electron",
"Muscle, Smooth, Vascular",
"Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen",
"Random Allocation",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Tunica Intima"
]
} | Captopril inhibits neointimal formation in the rat model of arterial injury by mechanisms involving induction of VSMC apoptosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does aCE-inhibition promote apoptosis after balloon injury of rat carotid arteries?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Angiotensin II stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth, and is considered to be an important mediator of intimal thickening after vascular injury. Recent evidence has indicated that VSMC apoptosis plays a major role in the response to balloon injury, and we therefore examined the effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibition on VSMC apoptosis and vascular lesion formation in the rat model of balloon injury.', 'Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to carotid artery balloon injury and randomised to a standard diet or a diet supplemented with 1 mg/ml captopril in the drinking water. Animals were sacrificed 2 and 14 days after injury for assessment of apoptosis and proliferation by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labelling (TUNEL) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry, respectively. At 14 days post injury, vessel cross-sections were subjected to microscopic morphometry and total cell numbers were determined.', 'At 2 days after balloon injury, captopril-treated animals displayed a significant increase in the percentage of TUNEL-positive VSMCs in the medial area (12 +/- 4% vs. 1 +/- 1%; P < 0.05) as compared to controls. This increase in early apoptosis was associated with decreased intimal cellularity 14 days post injury (238 +/- 47 cells/cross-section vs. 449 +/- 75 cells/cross-section; P < 0.05), and a reduction of neointimal formation (0.13 +/- 0.02 mm2 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.04 mm2; P < 0.05). The fraction of PCNA-positive VSMCs per cross-section 2 or 14 days after injury was not significantly altered by captopril administration.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Angioplasty, Balloon', 'Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Captopril', 'Carotid Artery, Common', 'Cell Division', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Male', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Tunica Intima']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,739,518 | Are adenylate cyclase and potassium channels involved in forskolin- and 1,9-dideoxyforskolin-induced inhibition of pregnant rat uterus contractility? | {
"contexts": [
"We sought to study the contribution of potassium channels in the effect of forskolin and 1,9-dideoxyforskolin on uterine contractility in the pregnant rat.",
"Rings taken from the middle portions of uterine horns from rats at 16 days of gestation were positioned in organ chambers containing physiologic salt solution bubbled with 5% carbon dioxide in air (37 degrees C, pH approximately 7.4) for isometric tension recording under 2 g passive tension. The effects of cumulative concentrations of forskolin and 1,9-dideoxyforskolin in the absence or presence of an adenylate cyclase inhibitor (MDL-12,330A, 10(-5) mol/L), a nonselective potassium channel blocker (tetrabutylammonium, 10(-4) mol/L), or an adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channel blocker (glibenclamide 10(-5) mol/L) were studied.",
"Both forskolin and, to a lesser extent, 1,9-dideoxyforskolin inhibit uterine contractions. Tetrabutylammonium, glibenclamide, and MDL-12, 330A attenuated the effects of forskolin, whereas glibenclamide was less effective against 1,9-dideoxyforskolin."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenylyl Cyclases",
"Animals",
"Colforsin",
"Female",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Potassium Channels",
"Pregnancy",
"Quaternary Ammonium Compounds",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Uterine Contraction",
"Uterus"
]
} | Activation of adenylate cyclases, as well as adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channels and, to a greater extent, calcium-dependent potassium channels, is involved in the inhibitory effect of forskolin in uterine rings from rats at 16 days of gestation. Inhibition of uterine contractions by 1,9-dideoxyforskolin is less than that by forskolin and involves activation of adenylate cyclase and calcium-dependent potassium channels. Whether activation of guanylate cyclase is involved in the effect of the agents on calcium-dependent potassium channels needs further investigation. 1, 9-Dideoxyforskolin is not an inactive isomer of forskolin in rat uterine rings. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are adenylate cyclase and potassium channels involved in forskolin- and 1,9-dideoxyforskolin-induced inhibition of pregnant rat uterus contractility?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We sought to study the contribution of potassium channels in the effect of forskolin and 1,9-dideoxyforskolin on uterine contractility in the pregnant rat.', 'Rings taken from the middle portions of uterine horns from rats at 16 days of gestation were positioned in organ chambers containing physiologic salt solution bubbled with 5% carbon dioxide in air (37 degrees C, pH approximately 7.4) for isometric tension recording under 2 g passive tension. The effects of cumulative concentrations of forskolin and 1,9-dideoxyforskolin in the absence or presence of an adenylate cyclase inhibitor (MDL-12,330A, 10(-5) mol/L), a nonselective potassium channel blocker (tetrabutylammonium, 10(-4) mol/L), or an adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channel blocker (glibenclamide 10(-5) mol/L) were studied.', 'Both forskolin and, to a lesser extent, 1,9-dideoxyforskolin inhibit uterine contractions. Tetrabutylammonium, glibenclamide, and MDL-12, 330A attenuated the effects of forskolin, whereas glibenclamide was less effective against 1,9-dideoxyforskolin.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenylyl Cyclases', 'Animals', 'Colforsin', 'Female', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Potassium Channels', 'Pregnancy', 'Quaternary Ammonium Compounds', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Uterine Contraction', 'Uterus']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,748,868 | Is hHV-8 ( KSHV ) associated with bacillary angiomatosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Bacillary angiomatosis is a rare pseudoneoplastic angioproliferative lesion occurring in patients with AIDS. This condition has been associated with Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana infections. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is thought to be the causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, a vasoproliferative neoplasm, also commonly found in patients with AIDS. The presence of HHV-8 in a cohort of patients with bacillary angiomatosis was investigated.",
"Eight cutaneous cases of biopsy confirmed bacillary angiomatosis were assessed for HHV-8 using standard solution phase polymerase chain reaction (PCR).",
"No case of bacillary angiomatosis harboured HHV-8 DNA."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections",
"Adult",
"Angiomatosis, Bacillary",
"DNA, Viral",
"Diagnosis, Differential",
"Female",
"Herpesvirus 8, Human",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Sarcoma, Kaposi"
]
} | HHV-8 was not demonstrated in the lesions of bacillary angiomatosis and therefore does not appear to play a role in the pathogenesis of this pseudoneoplastic angioproliferative disorder. This finding might be useful in the distinction of bacillary angiomatosis from Kaposi's sarcoma, because lesions from patients with Kaposi's sarcoma almost always contains HHV-8 DNA. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is hHV-8 ( KSHV ) associated with bacillary angiomatosis?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Bacillary angiomatosis is a rare pseudoneoplastic angioproliferative lesion occurring in patients with AIDS. This condition has been associated with Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana infections. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is thought to be the causative agent of Kaposi's sarcoma, a vasoproliferative neoplasm, also commonly found in patients with AIDS. The presence of HHV-8 in a cohort of patients with bacillary angiomatosis was investigated.\", 'Eight cutaneous cases of biopsy confirmed bacillary angiomatosis were assessed for HHV-8 using standard solution phase polymerase chain reaction (PCR).', 'No case of bacillary angiomatosis harboured HHV-8 DNA.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections', 'Adult', 'Angiomatosis, Bacillary', 'DNA, Viral', 'Diagnosis, Differential', 'Female', 'Herpesvirus 8, Human', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Sarcoma, Kaposi']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
10,754,003 | Is postischemic attenuation of cerebral artery reactivity increased in the presence of tissue plasminogen activator? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the combined effect of tissue plasminogen activator and ischemia on middle cerebral artery (MCA) reactivity to determine whether abnormal MCA function after 2 hours of ischemia was worse in arteries perfused with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA).",
"The intraluminal suture model of focal cerebral ischemia was used to induce 2 hours of ischemia in rats, after which occluded MCAs were removed and studied in vitro with an arteriograph system that allowed control of transmural pressure (TMP) and measurement of lumen diameter. Arteries were either nonischemic (control; n=8), nonischemic and perfused with 400 microg/mL rtPA (rtPA; n=5), ischemic (ISC; n=6), or ischemic and perfused with 400 microg/mL rtPA (ISC-rtPA; n=6). After a 1-hour equilibration at 75 mm Hg, TMP was increased to 125 mm Hg and lumen diameter was recorded at each pressure. Reactivity to acetylcholine (ACh, 0.1 to 10.0 micromol/L) and serotonin (0.01 to 10 micromol/L) was then determined.",
"Control arteries responded myogenically to pressure and increased the amount of tone from 18.5+/-3.8% at 75 mm Hg to 24.8+/-3.0% at 125 mm Hg (P<0.05), which decreased diameter from 241+/-7 to 232+/-6 microm. In contrast, all other groups decreased tone at 125 mm Hg, which demonstrated a loss of myogenicity. The percent tone in each group at 75 versus 125 mm Hg was rtPA, 16.0+/-4.5% versus 11.8+/-3.8%; ISC, 23.5+/-4.5% versus 13. 5+/-3.1%; and ISC-rtPA, 23.5+/-4.2% versus 12.3+/-3.2% (P<0.05 for all). The percent increase in lumen diameter at each concentration of ACh was diminished in all groups compared with control; ISC-rtPA arteries responded the least, which suggests an additive effect of rtPA in ischemic arteries. The percent increase in lumen diameter at 10(-5)mol/L ACh was 23+/-4% for control versus 15+/-2% for rtPA; 17+/-3% for ISC arteries (P<0.05), and 8+/-2% for ISC-rtPA arteries (P<0.01). Sensitivity to serotonin was equally diminished in all groups compared with control: EC(50) (micromol/L) was 0.06+/-0.01 for control, 0.17+/-0.02 for rtPA, 0.22+/-0.07 for ISC, and 0.16+/-0. 04 for ISC-rtPA (P<0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acetylcholine",
"Animals",
"Brain Ischemia",
"Cerebral Arteries",
"Fibrinolytic Agents",
"Male",
"Muscle Tonus",
"Muscle, Smooth, Vascular",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Recombinant Proteins",
"Serotonin",
"Tissue Plasminogen Activator",
"Vasodilator Agents",
"Vasomotor System"
]
} | These results demonstrate that both ischemia and rtPA perfusion diminish cerebral artery reactivity and that the combination may produce an additive effect. This impaired reactivity may contribute to reperfusion-induced injury during or after thrombolysis by altering upstream cerebrovascular resistance. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is postischemic attenuation of cerebral artery reactivity increased in the presence of tissue plasminogen activator?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We investigated the combined effect of tissue plasminogen activator and ischemia on middle cerebral artery (MCA) reactivity to determine whether abnormal MCA function after 2 hours of ischemia was worse in arteries perfused with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA).', 'The intraluminal suture model of focal cerebral ischemia was used to induce 2 hours of ischemia in rats, after which occluded MCAs were removed and studied in vitro with an arteriograph system that allowed control of transmural pressure (TMP) and measurement of lumen diameter. Arteries were either nonischemic (control; n=8), nonischemic and perfused with 400 microg/mL rtPA (rtPA; n=5), ischemic (ISC; n=6), or ischemic and perfused with 400 microg/mL rtPA (ISC-rtPA; n=6). After a 1-hour equilibration at 75 mm Hg, TMP was increased to 125 mm Hg and lumen diameter was recorded at each pressure. Reactivity to acetylcholine (ACh, 0.1 to 10.0 micromol/L) and serotonin (0.01 to 10 micromol/L) was then determined.', 'Control arteries responded myogenically to pressure and increased the amount of tone from 18.5+/-3.8% at 75 mm Hg to 24.8+/-3.0% at 125 mm Hg (P<0.05), which decreased diameter from 241+/-7 to 232+/-6 microm. In contrast, all other groups decreased tone at 125 mm Hg, which demonstrated a loss of myogenicity. The percent tone in each group at 75 versus 125 mm Hg was rtPA, 16.0+/-4.5% versus 11.8+/-3.8%; ISC, 23.5+/-4.5% versus 13. 5+/-3.1%; and ISC-rtPA, 23.5+/-4.2% versus 12.3+/-3.2% (P<0.05 for all). The percent increase in lumen diameter at each concentration of ACh was diminished in all groups compared with control; ISC-rtPA arteries responded the least, which suggests an additive effect of rtPA in ischemic arteries. The percent increase in lumen diameter at 10(-5)mol/L ACh was 23+/-4% for control versus 15+/-2% for rtPA; 17+/-3% for ISC arteries (P<0.05), and 8+/-2% for ISC-rtPA arteries (P<0.01). Sensitivity to serotonin was equally diminished in all groups compared with control: EC(50) (micromol/L) was 0.06+/-0.01 for control, 0.17+/-0.02 for rtPA, 0.22+/-0.07 for ISC, and 0.16+/-0. 04 for ISC-rtPA (P<0.05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acetylcholine', 'Animals', 'Brain Ischemia', 'Cerebral Arteries', 'Fibrinolytic Agents', 'Male', 'Muscle Tonus', 'Muscle, Smooth, Vascular', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'Serotonin', 'Tissue Plasminogen Activator', 'Vasodilator Agents', 'Vasomotor System']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,738,217 | Do atypical bronchopulmonary carcinoids show a tendency toward increased apoptotic and proliferative activity? | {
"contexts": [
"Bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors can be divided into typical and atypical carcinoids according to their histologic and clinical features. Atypical carcinoids tend to have less predictable biologic behavior and are associated with a worse prognosis than typical carcinoids. The authors examined apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis regulating proteins Bcl-2, Bax, Bak, and Mcl-1 in 21 typical and 10 atypical bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors. To find features distinguishing the growth of these types of tumors, the expression of p53 protein and the proliferation marker Ki-67 were also investigated. Finally, the parameters were compared with clinical follow-up data.",
"Thirty-one bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors were examined by using in situ 3'-end labeling of DNA (TUNEL) for apoptosis and immunohistochemical staining methods for Bcl-2, Bax, Bak, Mcl-1, p53, and Ki-67 in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue specimens.",
"The apoptotic indices (AIs) were low in general (mean 0.18%), but higher AIs (> 0.5%) were observed significantly more often in atypical than in typical carcinoids (P < 0.008) in association with shortened survival (P < 0. 008). No relation between apoptosis and Bcl-2, Bax, Bak, or Mcl-1 expression was found. Expression of p53 protein was detected in only three atypical carcinoids, which also had significantly higher AIs than p53 negative tumors (P < 0.03). Proliferation rates measured by Ki-67 index were unusually low; the highest proliferation rates were observed in atypical carcinoids. There was a positive correlation between AI and Ki-67 indices (P < 0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Apoptosis",
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Bronchial Neoplasms",
"Carcinoid Tumor",
"Cell Division",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Ki-67 Antigen",
"Lung Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Membrane Proteins",
"Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein",
"Neoplasm Proteins",
"Prognosis",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins",
"Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Tumor Suppressor Protein p53",
"bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein",
"bcl-2-Associated X Protein"
]
} | This study suggests that the extent of apoptosis in bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors is low. This, together with a low proliferation rate and an apparent absence of p53 mutation, enables a benign growth pattern. Some atypical carcinoids with enhanced apoptosis are associated with shortened survival, clearly deviating from typical carcinoids. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do atypical bronchopulmonary carcinoids show a tendency toward increased apoptotic and proliferative activity?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors can be divided into typical and atypical carcinoids according to their histologic and clinical features. Atypical carcinoids tend to have less predictable biologic behavior and are associated with a worse prognosis than typical carcinoids. The authors examined apoptosis and the expression of apoptosis regulating proteins Bcl-2, Bax, Bak, and Mcl-1 in 21 typical and 10 atypical bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors. To find features distinguishing the growth of these types of tumors, the expression of p53 protein and the proliferation marker Ki-67 were also investigated. Finally, the parameters were compared with clinical follow-up data.', \"Thirty-one bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors were examined by using in situ 3'-end labeling of DNA (TUNEL) for apoptosis and immunohistochemical staining methods for Bcl-2, Bax, Bak, Mcl-1, p53, and Ki-67 in formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue specimens.\", 'The apoptotic indices (AIs) were low in general (mean 0.18%), but higher AIs (> 0.5%) were observed significantly more often in atypical than in typical carcinoids (P < 0.008) in association with shortened survival (P < 0. 008). No relation between apoptosis and Bcl-2, Bax, Bak, or Mcl-1 expression was found. Expression of p53 protein was detected in only three atypical carcinoids, which also had significantly higher AIs than p53 negative tumors (P < 0.03). Proliferation rates measured by Ki-67 index were unusually low; the highest proliferation rates were observed in atypical carcinoids. There was a positive correlation between AI and Ki-67 indices (P < 0.01).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Apoptosis', 'Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Bronchial Neoplasms', 'Carcinoid Tumor', 'Cell Division', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Ki-67 Antigen', 'Lung Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Membrane Proteins', 'Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein', 'Neoplasm Proteins', 'Prognosis', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins', 'Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Tumor Suppressor Protein p53', 'bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein', 'bcl-2-Associated X Protein']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,735,611 | Is terlipressin more effective in decreasing variceal pressure than portal pressure in cirrhotic patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Terlipressin decreases portal pressure. However, its effects on variceal pressure have been poorly investigated. This study investigated the variceal, splanchnic and systemic hemodynamic effects of terlipressin.",
"Twenty cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices grade II-III, and portal pressure > or =12 mmHg were studied. Hepatic venous pressure gradient, variceal pressure and systemic hemodynamic parameters were obtained. After baseline measurements, in a double-blind administration, 14 patients received a 2mg/iv injection of terlipressin and six patients received placebo. The same measurements were repeated 60 min later.",
"No demographic or biochemical differences were observed in basal condition between groups. Terlipressin produced significant decreases in intravariceal pressure from 20.9+4.9 to 16.3+/-4.7 mmHg (p<0.01, -21+/- 16%), variceal pressure gradient from 18.9+/-4.8 to 13.5+/-6.0 mmHg (p<0.01, -28+/-27%), estimated variceal wall tension from 78+/-29 to 59+/-31 mmHg x mm (p<0.01, -27+/-22%), and hepatic venous pressure gradient from 19.4+/-4.5 to 16.8+/-5 mmHg (p<0.01, -14+/-12%) at 60 min. The change in variceal pressure after 60 min of terlipressin administration was greater than the change in wedge hepatic venous pressure (-4.7 mmHg vs -0.5 mmHg, respectively, p<0.0001). Terlipressin also caused significant decreases in heart rate and cardiac index and increases in mean arterial pressure and peripheral vascular resistance."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Antihypertensive Agents",
"Blood Pressure",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Esophageal and Gastric Varices",
"Female",
"Hemodynamics",
"Humans",
"Liver Cirrhosis",
"Lypressin",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Portal System",
"Splanchnic Circulation",
"Terlipressin"
]
} | Our results demonstrate that terlipressin produces significant and prolonged decreases in variceal pressure and variceal wall tension and has intrinsic effects on portal pressure and systemic hemodynamics. Variceal pressure provides a better assessment of the effects of terlipressin administration on esophageal varices than hepatic venous pressure gradient. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is terlipressin more effective in decreasing variceal pressure than portal pressure in cirrhotic patients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Terlipressin decreases portal pressure. However, its effects on variceal pressure have been poorly investigated. This study investigated the variceal, splanchnic and systemic hemodynamic effects of terlipressin.', 'Twenty cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices grade II-III, and portal pressure > or =12 mmHg were studied. Hepatic venous pressure gradient, variceal pressure and systemic hemodynamic parameters were obtained. After baseline measurements, in a double-blind administration, 14 patients received a 2mg/iv injection of terlipressin and six patients received placebo. The same measurements were repeated 60 min later.', 'No demographic or biochemical differences were observed in basal condition between groups. Terlipressin produced significant decreases in intravariceal pressure from 20.9+4.9 to 16.3+/-4.7 mmHg (p<0.01, -21+/- 16%), variceal pressure gradient from 18.9+/-4.8 to 13.5+/-6.0 mmHg (p<0.01, -28+/-27%), estimated variceal wall tension from 78+/-29 to 59+/-31 mmHg x mm (p<0.01, -27+/-22%), and hepatic venous pressure gradient from 19.4+/-4.5 to 16.8+/-5 mmHg (p<0.01, -14+/-12%) at 60 min. The change in variceal pressure after 60 min of terlipressin administration was greater than the change in wedge hepatic venous pressure (-4.7 mmHg vs -0.5 mmHg, respectively, p<0.0001). Terlipressin also caused significant decreases in heart rate and cardiac index and increases in mean arterial pressure and peripheral vascular resistance.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Antihypertensive Agents', 'Blood Pressure', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Esophageal and Gastric Varices', 'Female', 'Hemodynamics', 'Humans', 'Liver Cirrhosis', 'Lypressin', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Portal System', 'Splanchnic Circulation', 'Terlipressin']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,730,995 | Does hyperbaric oxygen therapy affect recovery from delayed onset muscle soreness? | {
"contexts": [
"This study investigated whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) improves recovery after exercise-induced muscle injury.",
"Healthy male subjects (N = 24) were randomly assigned to either a placebo group or a HBOT group. Subjects were tested for maximal isometric strength (preexercise) of their right elbow flexors. Each subject then completed a high-force eccentric workout of the elbow flexor muscle group to induce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). On the seven successive days after this workout, the subjects were exposed to a hyperbaric environment of 2.5 ATA for 60 min, inspiring either a normoxic mixture (P(I)O2 = 0.2 ATA; placebo group) or a hyperoxic gas mixture (P(I)O2 = 2.5 ATA; HBOT group). Before the eccentric workout and daily for the next 10 d, measurements were obtained regarding: maximal isometric muscle strength of the elbow flexor muscles, right upper arm circumferences, and rating of the perceived muscle soreness.",
"Isometric strength decreased significantly from preexercise levels of 25.1 +/- 3.8 kp to postexercise levels of 12.0 +/- 4.6 kp, for the HBOT group, and from 24.6 +/- 3.4 kp to 12.5 +/- 3.7 kp, respectively, for the placebo group. Over the 10-d recovery period, there was no difference in the rate of recovery of muscle strength between the two groups. Perceived soreness peaked at about 48 h after exercise with no difference between groups. Also, the exercise-induced increases in arm circumference were similar in the two groups."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Exercise",
"Humans",
"Hyperbaric Oxygenation",
"Male",
"Muscle Fatigue",
"Muscle, Skeletal",
"Pain",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | These results indicate that HBOT is not an effective therapy for the treatment of DOMS. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hyperbaric oxygen therapy affect recovery from delayed onset muscle soreness?\nContext: {'contexts': ['This study investigated whether hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) improves recovery after exercise-induced muscle injury.', 'Healthy male subjects (N = 24) were randomly assigned to either a placebo group or a HBOT group. Subjects were tested for maximal isometric strength (preexercise) of their right elbow flexors. Each subject then completed a high-force eccentric workout of the elbow flexor muscle group to induce delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). On the seven successive days after this workout, the subjects were exposed to a hyperbaric environment of 2.5 ATA for 60 min, inspiring either a normoxic mixture (P(I)O2 = 0.2 ATA; placebo group) or a hyperoxic gas mixture (P(I)O2 = 2.5 ATA; HBOT group). Before the eccentric workout and daily for the next 10 d, measurements were obtained regarding: maximal isometric muscle strength of the elbow flexor muscles, right upper arm circumferences, and rating of the perceived muscle soreness.', 'Isometric strength decreased significantly from preexercise levels of 25.1 +/- 3.8 kp to postexercise levels of 12.0 +/- 4.6 kp, for the HBOT group, and from 24.6 +/- 3.4 kp to 12.5 +/- 3.7 kp, respectively, for the placebo group. Over the 10-d recovery period, there was no difference in the rate of recovery of muscle strength between the two groups. Perceived soreness peaked at about 48 h after exercise with no difference between groups. Also, the exercise-induced increases in arm circumference were similar in the two groups.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Exercise', 'Humans', 'Hyperbaric Oxygenation', 'Male', 'Muscle Fatigue', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Pain', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
10,735,786 | Does localized airway anesthesia with lidocaine partially suppress cardiovascular responses To lung inflation? | {
"contexts": [
"Lung inflation causes cardiovascular suppression via an increase in intrathoracic pressure and neural mechanisms. To examine the mechanisms involved, we mea-sured the heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (AP) responses to lung inflation before and after spraying the bronchi with lidocaine to suppress airway reflex. Thirty women participated in the study. One group (n = 20, Group BT) had their tracheas intubated by using double-lumen tubes. The other group (n = 10, Group TT) received an ordinary endotracheal tube. They were all studied under general anesthesia by using nitrous oxide, isoflurane, and muscle relaxation after a thiopental induction. In each patient, airway pressure was increased for 3 s, and changes in HR and AP were measured. Lung inflation was repeated after 5 mL of 4% lidocaine had been sprayed into the main bronchi unilaterally in Group BT or bilaterally in Group TT. There were no significant differences in cardiovascular responses between left and right lung inflation with the pressure at 20 and 30 cm H(2)O. Both lungs inflated at 20 cm H(2)O caused an increase in HR with a significantly greater decrease in AP than with unilateral inflation. Anesthesia of the bronchi abolished the HR increase, but not the AP decrease. Lung inflation at 30 cm H(2)O caused significant decreases in HR and AP which were not affected with topical anesthesia. These results indicate that the cardiovascular responses elicited by lung inflation in anesthetized humans are predominantly the direct effect of the increase in intrathoracic pressure, although sympathetic afferent activity induced via stimulation of mechanoreceptors in the airways contributes."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Anesthesia",
"Anesthetics, Local",
"Blood Pressure",
"Female",
"Heart Rate",
"Humans",
"Lidocaine",
"Lung",
"Middle Aged",
"Pressure"
]
} | Localized airway anesthesia with lidocaine is unlikely to suppress the cardiovascular responses to lung inflation. This suggests that a limited number of neurogenic mechanisms are involved in the cardiovascular responses to lung inflation in anesthetized humans. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does localized airway anesthesia with lidocaine partially suppress cardiovascular responses To lung inflation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Lung inflation causes cardiovascular suppression via an increase in intrathoracic pressure and neural mechanisms. To examine the mechanisms involved, we mea-sured the heart rate (HR) and arterial blood pressure (AP) responses to lung inflation before and after spraying the bronchi with lidocaine to suppress airway reflex. Thirty women participated in the study. One group (n = 20, Group BT) had their tracheas intubated by using double-lumen tubes. The other group (n = 10, Group TT) received an ordinary endotracheal tube. They were all studied under general anesthesia by using nitrous oxide, isoflurane, and muscle relaxation after a thiopental induction. In each patient, airway pressure was increased for 3 s, and changes in HR and AP were measured. Lung inflation was repeated after 5 mL of 4% lidocaine had been sprayed into the main bronchi unilaterally in Group BT or bilaterally in Group TT. There were no significant differences in cardiovascular responses between left and right lung inflation with the pressure at 20 and 30 cm H(2)O. Both lungs inflated at 20 cm H(2)O caused an increase in HR with a significantly greater decrease in AP than with unilateral inflation. Anesthesia of the bronchi abolished the HR increase, but not the AP decrease. Lung inflation at 30 cm H(2)O caused significant decreases in HR and AP which were not affected with topical anesthesia. These results indicate that the cardiovascular responses elicited by lung inflation in anesthetized humans are predominantly the direct effect of the increase in intrathoracic pressure, although sympathetic afferent activity induced via stimulation of mechanoreceptors in the airways contributes.'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Anesthesia', 'Anesthetics, Local', 'Blood Pressure', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Lidocaine', 'Lung', 'Middle Aged', 'Pressure']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,733,121 | Does local somatothermal stimulation inhibit motility of the internal anal sphincter through nitrergic neural release of nitric oxide? | {
"contexts": [
"A somatoanal reflex had been demonstrated in our previous work. Because nitric oxide plays an important role in mediating relaxation of the internal anal sphincter, our purpose was to examine whether and how local somatothermal stimulation inhibits the function of the internal anal sphincter by stimulating nitric oxide release via nitrergic neurons and to elucidate the possible mechanism.",
"The activity of the internal anal sphincter in anesthetized rabbits was measured by use of continuously perfused, open-tip manometric methods. Local somatothermal stimulation was achieved by applying an electroheating rod 1 cm away from the skin area at the right popliteal region. The responses were further manipulated by pre-treating the rabbits with agonists or antagonists linked to nitric oxide synthesis.",
"The motility of the internal anal sphincter before and during local somatothermal stimulation was significantly different (tonic pressure (mean +/-standard error of the mean), 5.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.9 +/- 0.3 mmHg, P = 0.0195; phasic pressure, 3.9 +/- 0.6 vs. 2.9 +/- 0.4 mmHg, P = 0.0002; frequency distribution of the phasic contractions (peak-to-peak interval), 28.9 +/- 3.7 vs. 65.3 +/- 10.4 seconds, P = 0.0001). The response began at approximately one minute after local somatothermal stimulation when the skin temperature was 41 +/- 0.3 degrees C. No anal response was observed when local somatothermal stimulation was applied at the control area. The local somatothermal stimulation-induced internal anal sphincter relaxation was not inhibited by pretreatment with atropine, propranolol, or phentolamine (tonic pressure, 5.8 +/- 1 vs. 5.2 +/- 0.8 mmHg, P = 0.038; phasic pressure, 4.2 +/- 0.9 vs. 3.1 +/- 0.6 mmHg, P = 0.020; peak-to-peak interval, 27.2 +/- 4.3 vs. 52.9 +/- 14.5 seconds, P = 0.043) but was completely blocked by pretreatment with a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor. The effect of the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor could be reversed by pretreatment with L-arginine (tonic pressure, 6 +/- 0.7 vs. 5.6 +/- 0.7 mmHg, P = 0.047; phasic pressure, 4.7 +/- 0.7 vs. 3.9 +/- 0.5 mmHg, P = 0.048; peak-to-peak interval, 23.8 +/- 3 vs. 33 +/- 3.7 seconds, P = 0.048), but not by D-arginine."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Anal Canal",
"Animals",
"Arginine",
"Gastrointestinal Motility",
"Male",
"Muscle Relaxation",
"Neural Inhibition",
"Neurons",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Rabbits",
"Reflex",
"Thermosensing"
]
} | Local somatothermal stimulation inhibits internal anal sphincter motility through the activation of nonadrenergic noncholinergic neural release of nitric oxide. This procedure may represent a simplified approach for the treatment of anorectal diseases with hypofunction of the L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway. [Key words: Local somatothermal stimulation; Nitric oxide; Internal anal sphincter; Motility; Moxibustion] Jiang J-K, Chiu J-H, Lin J-K. Local somatothermal stimulation inhibits motility of the internal anal sphincter through nitrergic neural release of nitric oxide. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does local somatothermal stimulation inhibit motility of the internal anal sphincter through nitrergic neural release of nitric oxide?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A somatoanal reflex had been demonstrated in our previous work. Because nitric oxide plays an important role in mediating relaxation of the internal anal sphincter, our purpose was to examine whether and how local somatothermal stimulation inhibits the function of the internal anal sphincter by stimulating nitric oxide release via nitrergic neurons and to elucidate the possible mechanism.', 'The activity of the internal anal sphincter in anesthetized rabbits was measured by use of continuously perfused, open-tip manometric methods. Local somatothermal stimulation was achieved by applying an electroheating rod 1 cm away from the skin area at the right popliteal region. The responses were further manipulated by pre-treating the rabbits with agonists or antagonists linked to nitric oxide synthesis.', 'The motility of the internal anal sphincter before and during local somatothermal stimulation was significantly different (tonic pressure (mean +/-standard error of the mean), 5.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.9 +/- 0.3 mmHg, P = 0.0195; phasic pressure, 3.9 +/- 0.6 vs. 2.9 +/- 0.4 mmHg, P = 0.0002; frequency distribution of the phasic contractions (peak-to-peak interval), 28.9 +/- 3.7 vs. 65.3 +/- 10.4 seconds, P = 0.0001). The response began at approximately one minute after local somatothermal stimulation when the skin temperature was 41 +/- 0.3 degrees C. No anal response was observed when local somatothermal stimulation was applied at the control area. The local somatothermal stimulation-induced internal anal sphincter relaxation was not inhibited by pretreatment with atropine, propranolol, or phentolamine (tonic pressure, 5.8 +/- 1 vs. 5.2 +/- 0.8 mmHg, P = 0.038; phasic pressure, 4.2 +/- 0.9 vs. 3.1 +/- 0.6 mmHg, P = 0.020; peak-to-peak interval, 27.2 +/- 4.3 vs. 52.9 +/- 14.5 seconds, P = 0.043) but was completely blocked by pretreatment with a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor. The effect of the nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor could be reversed by pretreatment with L-arginine (tonic pressure, 6 +/- 0.7 vs. 5.6 +/- 0.7 mmHg, P = 0.047; phasic pressure, 4.7 +/- 0.7 vs. 3.9 +/- 0.5 mmHg, P = 0.048; peak-to-peak interval, 23.8 +/- 3 vs. 33 +/- 3.7 seconds, P = 0.048), but not by D-arginine.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Anal Canal', 'Animals', 'Arginine', 'Gastrointestinal Motility', 'Male', 'Muscle Relaxation', 'Neural Inhibition', 'Neurons', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Rabbits', 'Reflex', 'Thermosensing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,731,501 | Does oligomeric but not monomeric silica prevent aluminum absorption in humans? | {
"contexts": [
"Soluble silica, a ubiquitous component of the diet, may be the natural ligand for dietary aluminum and may prevent its accumulation and toxicity in animals. However, previous studies on the inhibition of aluminum absorption and toxicity by soluble silica have produced conflicting results. We recently identified a soluble silica polymer, oligomeric silica, that has a much higher affinity for aluminum than does monomeric silica and that may be involved in the sequestration of aluminum.",
"By using (26)Al as a tracer, we investigated the effects of oligomeric and monomeric silica on the bioavailability of aluminum (study 1) and compared the availability of silicon from oligomeric and monomeric silica in the human gastrointestinal tract (study 2).",
"In study 1, three healthy volunteers each ingested aluminum alone (control), aluminum with oligomeric silica (17 mg), and aluminum with monomeric silica (17 mg). In study 2, five healthy volunteers ingested both the oligomeric and monomeric forms of silica (34 mg). Serum and urine samples were analyzed for aluminum and silicon.",
"Oligomeric silica reduced the availability of aluminum by 67% (P = 0.01) compared with the control, whereas monomeric silica had no effect (P = 0.40). Monomeric silica was readily taken up from the gastrointestinal tract and then excreted in urine (53%), whereas oligomeric silica was not detectably absorbed or excreted."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aluminum",
"Biological Availability",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Intestinal Absorption",
"Kinetics",
"Macromolecular Substances",
"Male",
"Radioisotopes",
"Silicon",
"Silicon Dioxide",
"Structure-Activity Relationship"
]
} | The oligomeric, high-aluminum-affinity form of soluble silica reduces aluminum availability from the human gastrointestinal tract. Its potential role in the amelioration of aluminum toxicity in other biological systems requires attention. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does oligomeric but not monomeric silica prevent aluminum absorption in humans?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Soluble silica, a ubiquitous component of the diet, may be the natural ligand for dietary aluminum and may prevent its accumulation and toxicity in animals. However, previous studies on the inhibition of aluminum absorption and toxicity by soluble silica have produced conflicting results. We recently identified a soluble silica polymer, oligomeric silica, that has a much higher affinity for aluminum than does monomeric silica and that may be involved in the sequestration of aluminum.', 'By using (26)Al as a tracer, we investigated the effects of oligomeric and monomeric silica on the bioavailability of aluminum (study 1) and compared the availability of silicon from oligomeric and monomeric silica in the human gastrointestinal tract (study 2).', 'In study 1, three healthy volunteers each ingested aluminum alone (control), aluminum with oligomeric silica (17 mg), and aluminum with monomeric silica (17 mg). In study 2, five healthy volunteers ingested both the oligomeric and monomeric forms of silica (34 mg). Serum and urine samples were analyzed for aluminum and silicon.', 'Oligomeric silica reduced the availability of aluminum by 67% (P = 0.01) compared with the control, whereas monomeric silica had no effect (P = 0.40). Monomeric silica was readily taken up from the gastrointestinal tract and then excreted in urine (53%), whereas oligomeric silica was not detectably absorbed or excreted.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aluminum', 'Biological Availability', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Intestinal Absorption', 'Kinetics', 'Macromolecular Substances', 'Male', 'Radioisotopes', 'Silicon', 'Silicon Dioxide', 'Structure-Activity Relationship']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,755,734 | Do repeated ECS and fluoxetine administration have equivalent effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent studies have implicated intracellular transduction pathways and neurotrophic factors in the action of antidepressants. Adaptation in these pathways may ultimately affect electrophysiological and morphological properties of neurones. We have previously shown that repeated electroconvulsive stimulation, a safe and effective antidepressant treatment, has profound effects on hippocampal synaptic connectivity and plasticity in the rat. Here, we investigated whether these electrophysiological properties were shared by the chemical antidepressant, fluoxetine.",
"To compare the electrophysiological and cognitive effects of two very different antidepressant treatments: repeated electroconvulsive stimulation (rECS); and chronic administration of the serotonin specific re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI), fluoxetine.",
"Rats were exposed to either rECS or daily fluoxetine administration for 15 days. The animals were then anaesthetised and dentate field excitatory post-synaptic potential (fEPSP) characteristics were measured before and after the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) by high frequency perforant path stimulation. In a separate experiment, the effects of rECS and chronic fluoxetine administration on acquisition and retention of a spatial learning task in the Morris watermaze were determined.",
"Chronic fluoxetine administration and rECS produced equivalent increases in dentate fEPSP compared to respective control groups. LTP induction was attenuated in both groups. Spatial learning was, in contrast, unaffected by fluoxetine treatment but significantly impaired following rECS."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antidepressive Agents",
"Electroconvulsive Therapy",
"Fluoxetine",
"Hippocampus",
"Long-Term Potentiation",
"Male",
"Neuronal Plasticity",
"Rats",
"Serotonin",
"Synapses",
"Synaptic Transmission"
]
} | Given that fluoxetine and rECS share antidepressant properties, but differ in their effects on learning and memory, we propose that the common effects on dentate connectivity and synaptic plasticity described here are more likely to relate to affective rather than cognitive function. This result is consistent with other experiments showing that a reduction in dentate connectivity correlates with stress susceptibility in animals. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do repeated ECS and fluoxetine administration have equivalent effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Recent studies have implicated intracellular transduction pathways and neurotrophic factors in the action of antidepressants. Adaptation in these pathways may ultimately affect electrophysiological and morphological properties of neurones. We have previously shown that repeated electroconvulsive stimulation, a safe and effective antidepressant treatment, has profound effects on hippocampal synaptic connectivity and plasticity in the rat. Here, we investigated whether these electrophysiological properties were shared by the chemical antidepressant, fluoxetine.', 'To compare the electrophysiological and cognitive effects of two very different antidepressant treatments: repeated electroconvulsive stimulation (rECS); and chronic administration of the serotonin specific re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI), fluoxetine.', 'Rats were exposed to either rECS or daily fluoxetine administration for 15 days. The animals were then anaesthetised and dentate field excitatory post-synaptic potential (fEPSP) characteristics were measured before and after the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) by high frequency perforant path stimulation. In a separate experiment, the effects of rECS and chronic fluoxetine administration on acquisition and retention of a spatial learning task in the Morris watermaze were determined.', 'Chronic fluoxetine administration and rECS produced equivalent increases in dentate fEPSP compared to respective control groups. LTP induction was attenuated in both groups. Spatial learning was, in contrast, unaffected by fluoxetine treatment but significantly impaired following rECS.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antidepressive Agents', 'Electroconvulsive Therapy', 'Fluoxetine', 'Hippocampus', 'Long-Term Potentiation', 'Male', 'Neuronal Plasticity', 'Rats', 'Serotonin', 'Synapses', 'Synaptic Transmission']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,737,527 | Does collagen-to-smooth muscle ratio help prediction of prognosis after pyeloplasty? | {
"contexts": [
"We quantitatively evaluated the collagen-to-smooth muscle tissue matrix ratio in ureteropelvic junction obstruction, and compared the ratio with the degree of obstruction, patient age and postoperative renal recovery.",
"We analyzed histological sections from 65 patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction and 6 normal controls. Morphological and functional grading systems were adapted to determine the degree of renal obstruction. To examine smooth muscle and collagen tissue, sections were stained using Masson's trichrome. Two distinct populations of collagen versus smooth muscle were identified and the tissue matrix ratio was calculated by color image analysis.",
"The mean tissue matrix ratio plus or minus standard deviation was 1.32+/-0.79 in all patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction but only 0.30+/-0.10 in normal controls (p <0.0001). It appeared that the lower the tissue matrix ratio, the better the improvement in postoperative hydronephrosis (r = -0.50, p = 0.0001). Better recovery of renal function after pyeloplasty was observed with a decrease in the tissue matrix ratio (r = -0.43, p = 0.0004). We divided patients according to the tissue matrix ratio into groups 1--ratio 1 or less, 2--greater than 1 to 1.5 and 3--greater than 1.5 to determine a more detailed and clinically applicable correlation of tissue matrix ratio with postoperative renal functional changes. Better improvement in postoperative renal function was observed in group 1 than in group 3 (p = 0.002). Also, the tissue matrix ratio increased with patient age (r = 0.33, p = 0.007)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Child",
"Child, Preschool",
"Collagen",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hydronephrosis",
"Infant",
"Infant, Newborn",
"Kidney Pelvis",
"Male",
"Muscle, Smooth",
"Predictive Value of Tests",
"Prognosis",
"Recovery of Function",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Ureteral Obstruction"
]
} | Since our data represent an objective and quantitative parameter associated with ureteropelvic junction obstruction, we believe that our findings may help to predict the prognosis after pyeloplasty. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does collagen-to-smooth muscle ratio help prediction of prognosis after pyeloplasty?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We quantitatively evaluated the collagen-to-smooth muscle tissue matrix ratio in ureteropelvic junction obstruction, and compared the ratio with the degree of obstruction, patient age and postoperative renal recovery.', \"We analyzed histological sections from 65 patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction and 6 normal controls. Morphological and functional grading systems were adapted to determine the degree of renal obstruction. To examine smooth muscle and collagen tissue, sections were stained using Masson's trichrome. Two distinct populations of collagen versus smooth muscle were identified and the tissue matrix ratio was calculated by color image analysis.\", 'The mean tissue matrix ratio plus or minus standard deviation was 1.32+/-0.79 in all patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction but only 0.30+/-0.10 in normal controls (p <0.0001). It appeared that the lower the tissue matrix ratio, the better the improvement in postoperative hydronephrosis (r = -0.50, p = 0.0001). Better recovery of renal function after pyeloplasty was observed with a decrease in the tissue matrix ratio (r = -0.43, p = 0.0004). We divided patients according to the tissue matrix ratio into groups 1--ratio 1 or less, 2--greater than 1 to 1.5 and 3--greater than 1.5 to determine a more detailed and clinically applicable correlation of tissue matrix ratio with postoperative renal functional changes. Better improvement in postoperative renal function was observed in group 1 than in group 3 (p = 0.002). Also, the tissue matrix ratio increased with patient age (r = 0.33, p = 0.007).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Child', 'Child, Preschool', 'Collagen', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hydronephrosis', 'Infant', 'Infant, Newborn', 'Kidney Pelvis', 'Male', 'Muscle, Smooth', 'Predictive Value of Tests', 'Prognosis', 'Recovery of Function', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ureteral Obstruction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,742,707 | Does celiprolol augment the effect of physical exercise on insulin sensitivity and serum lipid levels in chronic heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"Impaired insulin sensitivity has been linked with chronic heart failure (CHF). Exercise has a beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects. It is used also as an adjunctive therapy in patients with CHF. We studied the effect of randomized treatment with celiprolol, a vasodilating beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, 200 mg once daily (n=20) or placebo (n=11) on serum lipid levels and insulin sensitivity in patients with CHF. In addition, all subjects participated in a 6-month exercise training protocol. Thirteen subjects in the celiprolol and eight subjects in the control group were on additional beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist as part of their tailored CHF therapy. Insulin sensitivity was determined using the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test (diabetic subjects excluded, n=11 for the celiprolol group and n=8 for the placebo group).",
"Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) increased by 33% (P<0.05) in the celiprolol group and by 17% (NS) in the control group. The mean increase in the whole group was 20% [from 68.2+/-11.5 to 81.7+/-10.7 ml/min/kg (mU/l), P<0.05]. No change was found in the total cholesterol level. HDL cholesterol levels increased by 12% (from 0.98+/-0.05 to 1.10+/-0.05 mmol/l, P<0. 005), and HDL/total cholesterol and HDL/LDL cholesterol ratios by 15% and 16%, respectively (P<0.005). The increase in serum fasting HDL cholesterol level was greater in the celiprolol-treated group (P<0.05). At baseline ISI correlated with maximal oxygen uptake (r=0. 65, P<0.0001) and body mass index (r=-0.55, P<0.001). The change in ISI correlated weakly with the improvement in muscle exercise capacity (r=0.53, P<0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adrenergic beta-Antagonists",
"Celiprolol",
"Cholesterol, HDL",
"Cholesterol, LDL",
"Exercise",
"Female",
"Heart Failure",
"Humans",
"Insulin Resistance",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Vasodilator Agents"
]
} | Insulin sensitivity and serum lipid levels may be favorably affected by exercise training in subjects with mild-to-moderate CHF. Celiprolol, a vasodilating beta1- selective adrenoceptor antagonist, potentiates this effect. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does celiprolol augment the effect of physical exercise on insulin sensitivity and serum lipid levels in chronic heart failure?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Impaired insulin sensitivity has been linked with chronic heart failure (CHF). Exercise has a beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects. It is used also as an adjunctive therapy in patients with CHF. We studied the effect of randomized treatment with celiprolol, a vasodilating beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, 200 mg once daily (n=20) or placebo (n=11) on serum lipid levels and insulin sensitivity in patients with CHF. In addition, all subjects participated in a 6-month exercise training protocol. Thirteen subjects in the celiprolol and eight subjects in the control group were on additional beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist as part of their tailored CHF therapy. Insulin sensitivity was determined using the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp test (diabetic subjects excluded, n=11 for the celiprolol group and n=8 for the placebo group).', 'Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) increased by 33% (P<0.05) in the celiprolol group and by 17% (NS) in the control group. The mean increase in the whole group was 20% [from 68.2+/-11.5 to 81.7+/-10.7 ml/min/kg (mU/l), P<0.05]. No change was found in the total cholesterol level. HDL cholesterol levels increased by 12% (from 0.98+/-0.05 to 1.10+/-0.05 mmol/l, P<0. 005), and HDL/total cholesterol and HDL/LDL cholesterol ratios by 15% and 16%, respectively (P<0.005). The increase in serum fasting HDL cholesterol level was greater in the celiprolol-treated group (P<0.05). At baseline ISI correlated with maximal oxygen uptake (r=0. 65, P<0.0001) and body mass index (r=-0.55, P<0.001). The change in ISI correlated weakly with the improvement in muscle exercise capacity (r=0.53, P<0.05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adrenergic beta-Antagonists', 'Celiprolol', 'Cholesterol, HDL', 'Cholesterol, LDL', 'Exercise', 'Female', 'Heart Failure', 'Humans', 'Insulin Resistance', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Vasodilator Agents']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,752,934 | Is plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mRNA localized in the ciliary epithelium of the rodent eye? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify in the adult and developing rodent eye cells expressing the gene encoding plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), an important component of the fibrinolytic system.",
"PAI-1 mRNA was localized in cryostat thin eye sections via in situ hybridization analysis using specific 35S-labeled riboprobes. PAI-1 activity was tested in the aqueous humor using one-phase reverse zymography.",
"In the adult eye, PAI-1 mRNA was detected exclusively in epithelial cells of the ciliary processes, primarily in the apexes. In addition, PAI-1 activity was detected in the aqueous humor. PAI-1 mRNA was first found in the ciliary epithelium in embryonic day 18.5, when the ciliary body has reached an advanced developmental stage. PAI-1 mRNA was also detected in the ganglion cell layer of the retina at postnatal days 1 to 4, when angiogenesis takes place."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Animals, Newborn",
"Aqueous Humor",
"Ciliary Body",
"Epithelial Cells",
"Female",
"Gene Expression",
"In Situ Hybridization",
"Mice",
"Mice, Mutant Strains",
"Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Retinal Ganglion Cells",
"Tissue Plasminogen Activator"
]
} | During development, PAI-1 is likely to be involved in retina vascularization, in agreement with other cases of angiogenesis. Results for the adult eye indicate that the ciliary epithelium is the source for PAI-1 activity found in the aqueous humor. The results suggest that PAI-1 plays a role in balancing fibrinolysis and proteolysis specifically in the anterior segment of the eye, implying that PAI-1 overproduction in the ciliary epithelium could shift the balance against proteolysis and thus may interfere with aqueous outflow. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mRNA localized in the ciliary epithelium of the rodent eye?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To identify in the adult and developing rodent eye cells expressing the gene encoding plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), an important component of the fibrinolytic system.', 'PAI-1 mRNA was localized in cryostat thin eye sections via in situ hybridization analysis using specific 35S-labeled riboprobes. PAI-1 activity was tested in the aqueous humor using one-phase reverse zymography.', 'In the adult eye, PAI-1 mRNA was detected exclusively in epithelial cells of the ciliary processes, primarily in the apexes. In addition, PAI-1 activity was detected in the aqueous humor. PAI-1 mRNA was first found in the ciliary epithelium in embryonic day 18.5, when the ciliary body has reached an advanced developmental stage. PAI-1 mRNA was also detected in the ganglion cell layer of the retina at postnatal days 1 to 4, when angiogenesis takes place.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Animals, Newborn', 'Aqueous Humor', 'Ciliary Body', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'In Situ Hybridization', 'Mice', 'Mice, Mutant Strains', 'Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Retinal Ganglion Cells', 'Tissue Plasminogen Activator']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,752,932 | Does cholestanol induce apoptosis of corneal endothelial and lens epithelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether cholestanol induces cornea endothelial and lens epithelial cell death in vitro.",
"Cornea endothelial and lens epithelial cells were cultured in minimum essential media with 10% fetal bovine serum containing 10 microg/ml cholesterol in ethanol, 10 microg/ml cholestanol in ethanol, or 1% ethanol. These cells, stained using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method, were analyzed by laser cytometer. The activities of ICE and CPP32 proteases in cells were also measured.",
"Both cornea endothelial and lens epithelial cells cultured with 10 microg/ml cholestanol showed a significant loss of viability. The nuclei of these cells cultured with 10 microg/ml cholestanol were more frequently stained than those exposed to 10 microg/ml cholesterol or 1% ethanol. Quantitative analysis of apoptotic DNA fragmentation confirmed that the cholestanol induced apoptosis of these cells in a time-dependent manner. The activities of interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE) and CPP32 proteases for cells cultured with 10 microg/ml cholestanol were significantly higher than those observed in control cells."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Apoptosis",
"Caspase 3",
"Caspases",
"Cattle",
"Cell Survival",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Cholestanol",
"Cholesterol",
"DNA",
"Endopeptidases",
"Endothelium, Corneal",
"Epithelial Cells",
"In Situ Nick-End Labeling",
"Lens, Crystalline",
"Nerve Tissue Proteins"
]
} | In vitro, cholestanol was taken up by corneal endothelial cells and lens epithelial cells, an event that led to apoptosis of these cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does cholestanol induce apoptosis of corneal endothelial and lens epithelial cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether cholestanol induces cornea endothelial and lens epithelial cell death in vitro.', 'Cornea endothelial and lens epithelial cells were cultured in minimum essential media with 10% fetal bovine serum containing 10 microg/ml cholesterol in ethanol, 10 microg/ml cholestanol in ethanol, or 1% ethanol. These cells, stained using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method, were analyzed by laser cytometer. The activities of ICE and CPP32 proteases in cells were also measured.', 'Both cornea endothelial and lens epithelial cells cultured with 10 microg/ml cholestanol showed a significant loss of viability. The nuclei of these cells cultured with 10 microg/ml cholestanol were more frequently stained than those exposed to 10 microg/ml cholesterol or 1% ethanol. Quantitative analysis of apoptotic DNA fragmentation confirmed that the cholestanol induced apoptosis of these cells in a time-dependent manner. The activities of interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE) and CPP32 proteases for cells cultured with 10 microg/ml cholestanol were significantly higher than those observed in control cells.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Apoptosis', 'Caspase 3', 'Caspases', 'Cattle', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Cholestanol', 'Cholesterol', 'DNA', 'Endopeptidases', 'Endothelium, Corneal', 'Epithelial Cells', 'In Situ Nick-End Labeling', 'Lens, Crystalline', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,752,939 | Do conjunctival fibroblasts enhance the survival and functional activity of peripheral blood eosinophils in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the effect of human conjunctival fibroblasts on the survival and functional activity of human peripheral blood eosinophils.",
"Eosinophils were purified by negative immunoselection [magnetic activated cell sorter (MACS), purity > 97%] from volunteers with mild atopia. Fibroblasts were cultured from conjunctival specimens of healthy donors. Eosinophils were cultured on confluent monolayers of conjunctival fibroblasts or in culture medium alone. Eosinophil survival was evaluated by the trypan blue exclusion test. Eosinophil adherence was assessed by counting the attached cells after washing the cultures. Eosinophil viability and adherence in coculture were also assessed in the presence of anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), anti-interleukin (IL)-3, and anti-IL-5 neutralizing antibodies. Cocultured eosinophils were activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) after 4 days in culture, and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) release was determined as a marker of their activation.",
"Eosinophils cocultured with conjunctival fibroblasts had a significantly increased viability of 35.9% (P = 0.004) and 12.8% (P = 0.003) on days 4 and 8, respectively. Fibroblast-conditioned medium did not enhance the survival of eosinophils. The increase in eosinophil survival in coculture was partially inhibited by anti-GM-CSF (P = 0.019), anti-IL-3 (P = 0.033), or anti-IL-5 (P = 0.011), whereas eosinophil adherence was reduced by anti-GM-CSF alone (P = 0.034). LPS activation of eosinophils cultured for 4 days with conjunctival fibroblasts induced higher EPO release than in freshly isolated eosinophils (P = 0.01)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Cell Adhesion",
"Cell Separation",
"Cell Survival",
"Coculture Techniques",
"Conjunctiva",
"Eosinophil Peroxidase",
"Eosinophils",
"Fibroblasts",
"Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor",
"Humans",
"Interleukin-3",
"Interleukin-5",
"Lipopolysaccharides",
"Middle Aged",
"Peroxidases"
]
} | Human conjunctival fibroblasts induced prolonged survival and increased secretory function of human peripheral blood eosinophils. Increased survival is partially mediated by IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF. The coculture of conjunctival fibroblasts with eosinophils can serve as an in vitro system for the study of eosinophil behavior in the ocular surface and of cellular interactions in allergic eye diseases. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do conjunctival fibroblasts enhance the survival and functional activity of peripheral blood eosinophils in vitro?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To examine the effect of human conjunctival fibroblasts on the survival and functional activity of human peripheral blood eosinophils.', 'Eosinophils were purified by negative immunoselection [magnetic activated cell sorter (MACS), purity > 97%] from volunteers with mild atopia. Fibroblasts were cultured from conjunctival specimens of healthy donors. Eosinophils were cultured on confluent monolayers of conjunctival fibroblasts or in culture medium alone. Eosinophil survival was evaluated by the trypan blue exclusion test. Eosinophil adherence was assessed by counting the attached cells after washing the cultures. Eosinophil viability and adherence in coculture were also assessed in the presence of anti-granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), anti-interleukin (IL)-3, and anti-IL-5 neutralizing antibodies. Cocultured eosinophils were activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) after 4 days in culture, and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) release was determined as a marker of their activation.', 'Eosinophils cocultured with conjunctival fibroblasts had a significantly increased viability of 35.9% (P = 0.004) and 12.8% (P = 0.003) on days 4 and 8, respectively. Fibroblast-conditioned medium did not enhance the survival of eosinophils. The increase in eosinophil survival in coculture was partially inhibited by anti-GM-CSF (P = 0.019), anti-IL-3 (P = 0.033), or anti-IL-5 (P = 0.011), whereas eosinophil adherence was reduced by anti-GM-CSF alone (P = 0.034). LPS activation of eosinophils cultured for 4 days with conjunctival fibroblasts induced higher EPO release than in freshly isolated eosinophils (P = 0.01).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Separation', 'Cell Survival', 'Coculture Techniques', 'Conjunctiva', 'Eosinophil Peroxidase', 'Eosinophils', 'Fibroblasts', 'Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Humans', 'Interleukin-3', 'Interleukin-5', 'Lipopolysaccharides', 'Middle Aged', 'Peroxidases']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,744,933 | Does screening women with a family history of breast cancer -- result from the British Familial Breast Cancer Group? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the efficacy of screening women under age 50 with a significant family history of breast cancer.",
"Results from 22 Breast Units in the UK identified as being able to provide data were surveyed and pooled through regional data managers or consultant breast specialists.",
"Data relating to 8783 women screened and 9075 woman years of follow-up was analysed. Cancer incidence was 11.3/1000/year. The rate of cancer detection was 4. 78/1000 at prevalent screening and 4.52/1000 at incident screening. Median age at diagnosis was 43 years. Interval cancers presented at a rate of 2.45/1000. Comparison with the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme for women aged 50-64 revealed a similar rate of cancer detection and a similar incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ. The pathological features of screen-detected cancers in this study strongly suggest that prognosis for these women is more favourable than if they had presented symptomatically."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Breast Neoplasms",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Incidence",
"Middle Aged",
"Prevalence",
"United Kingdom"
]
} | This study provides evidence to suggest that screening young women with a significant family history of breast cancer is effective and that a survival benefit can be expected. As a result the British Familial Breast Cancer Group proposes a co-ordinated prospective observational study. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does screening women with a family history of breast cancer -- result from the British Familial Breast Cancer Group?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the efficacy of screening women under age 50 with a significant family history of breast cancer.', 'Results from 22 Breast Units in the UK identified as being able to provide data were surveyed and pooled through regional data managers or consultant breast specialists.', 'Data relating to 8783 women screened and 9075 woman years of follow-up was analysed. Cancer incidence was 11.3/1000/year. The rate of cancer detection was 4. 78/1000 at prevalent screening and 4.52/1000 at incident screening. Median age at diagnosis was 43 years. Interval cancers presented at a rate of 2.45/1000. Comparison with the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme for women aged 50-64 revealed a similar rate of cancer detection and a similar incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ. The pathological features of screen-detected cancers in this study strongly suggest that prognosis for these women is more favourable than if they had presented symptomatically.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Breast Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Incidence', 'Middle Aged', 'Prevalence', 'United Kingdom']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,746,262 | Is methotrexate steroid sparing in acute sarcoidosis : results of a double blind , randomized trial? | {
"contexts": [
"Methotrexate has been steroid sparing for some patients with chronic sarcoidosis. We wished to determine whether methotrexate can be steroid sparing in the first year of corticosteroid therapy in sarcoidosis.",
"Patients with new onset, symptomatic disease within four weeks of starting on prednisone were randomized to receive either methotrexate or placebo for the next year. They were seen monthly and prednisone dosage was tapered following a pre-determined schedule.",
"Of 24 patients enrolled, only 15 received at least six months of therapy. Since methotrexate appears to take six months to be effective, only patients who completed six or more months of therapy were evaluated. The amount of prednisone per day decreased for both groups: methotrexate (First 6 months: Median 26 (Range 15-37) mg/day); Second 6 months 8 (1-22) mg/day, p < 0.01) and placebo (First 6 Months 28 (24-33) mg/day; Second 6 months 16 (11-22) mg/day, p < 0.02), with less prednisone used for the methotrexate patients versus placebo in the last six months (p < 0.01). There was also less weight gain for those patients receiving methotrexate. There was no difference in toxicity between methotrexate and placebo. The difference between methotrexate versus placebo was not seen when all patients (including the dropouts) were analyzed."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Body Weight",
"Double-Blind Method",
"Female",
"Glucocorticoids",
"Humans",
"Immunosuppressive Agents",
"Male",
"Methotrexate",
"Prednisone",
"Sarcoidosis",
"Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | Methotrexate can be a steroid sparing agent in acute sarcoidosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is methotrexate steroid sparing in acute sarcoidosis : results of a double blind , randomized trial?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Methotrexate has been steroid sparing for some patients with chronic sarcoidosis. We wished to determine whether methotrexate can be steroid sparing in the first year of corticosteroid therapy in sarcoidosis.', 'Patients with new onset, symptomatic disease within four weeks of starting on prednisone were randomized to receive either methotrexate or placebo for the next year. They were seen monthly and prednisone dosage was tapered following a pre-determined schedule.', 'Of 24 patients enrolled, only 15 received at least six months of therapy. Since methotrexate appears to take six months to be effective, only patients who completed six or more months of therapy were evaluated. The amount of prednisone per day decreased for both groups: methotrexate (First 6 months: Median 26 (Range 15-37) mg/day); Second 6 months 8 (1-22) mg/day, p < 0.01) and placebo (First 6 Months 28 (24-33) mg/day; Second 6 months 16 (11-22) mg/day, p < 0.02), with less prednisone used for the methotrexate patients versus placebo in the last six months (p < 0.01). There was also less weight gain for those patients receiving methotrexate. There was no difference in toxicity between methotrexate and placebo. The difference between methotrexate versus placebo was not seen when all patients (including the dropouts) were analyzed.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Body Weight', 'Double-Blind Method', 'Female', 'Glucocorticoids', 'Humans', 'Immunosuppressive Agents', 'Male', 'Methotrexate', 'Prednisone', 'Sarcoidosis', 'Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,752,165 | Do analysis of the effects of the continuous electrode paste band on precordial leads of the electrocardiogram? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine if the application of a continuous electrode paste band on precordial leads results in alteration of the electrocardiographic tracing as compared with an adequate amount of electrode paste, and if the former condition does not cause uniform morphologies from V1 to V6.",
"The amplitude and morphology of the electrocardiographic waves on the precordial leads in electrocardiographic tracings, which were performed with standard (control group) or excessive (continuous band) application of the electrode paste, were compared.",
"None of the 106 patients studied showed uniformity of the QRS morphology from V1 to V6. The electrocardiographic alterations identified in the tracings performed with a continuous electrode paste band that showed statistical significance in relation to the control group were the following: inversion of the P wave in V1; inversion of the T wave in V1, V2, and V3; appearance of R' waves in V1 and V2; disappearance of S waves in V1; appearance of S waves in V5 and V6; alterations in the amplitude of almost all waves, in all leads."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Child",
"Electric Conductivity",
"Electrocardiography",
"Electrodes",
"Female",
"Gels",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Reference Standards"
]
} | Application of a continuous electrode paste band in the precordial leads may cause significant alterations in the electrocardiographic tracing obtained. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do analysis of the effects of the continuous electrode paste band on precordial leads of the electrocardiogram?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine if the application of a continuous electrode paste band on precordial leads results in alteration of the electrocardiographic tracing as compared with an adequate amount of electrode paste, and if the former condition does not cause uniform morphologies from V1 to V6.', 'The amplitude and morphology of the electrocardiographic waves on the precordial leads in electrocardiographic tracings, which were performed with standard (control group) or excessive (continuous band) application of the electrode paste, were compared.', \"None of the 106 patients studied showed uniformity of the QRS morphology from V1 to V6. The electrocardiographic alterations identified in the tracings performed with a continuous electrode paste band that showed statistical significance in relation to the control group were the following: inversion of the P wave in V1; inversion of the T wave in V1, V2, and V3; appearance of R' waves in V1 and V2; disappearance of S waves in V1; appearance of S waves in V5 and V6; alterations in the amplitude of almost all waves, in all leads.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Child', 'Electric Conductivity', 'Electrocardiography', 'Electrodes', 'Female', 'Gels', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Reference Standards']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,737,580 | Does major surgery increase serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor only temporarily? | {
"contexts": [
"Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a hypoxia-induced endothelial cell-specific mitogen, which is angiogenic in vivo and up-regulated in several malignancies. VEGF can be used as a prognostic marker, but the effect of surgical trauma on serum VEGF (S-VEGF) concentrations is unknown and might reduce the value of VEGF as a serum marker.",
"We monitored S-VEGF levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients undergoing surgery.",
"Eighteen patients with major surgery had slightly elevated S-VEGF compared with the preoperative level (median 9.5 pg/mL) on the first (median 35 pg/mL; P = 0.0002) and third (median 19 pg/mL; P = 0.004) postoperative day, but not in later samples. The levels measured in 8 patients after minor surgery did not differ from the preoperative levels (P = 0.14)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Endothelial Growth Factors",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lymphokines",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Prognosis",
"Protein Isoforms",
"Surgical Procedures, Operative",
"Time Factors",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A",
"Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors"
]
} | Even major surgery is associated only with a slight and transient increase in S-VEGF levels, and, therefore, is unlikely to interfere markedly with the use of VEGF as a prognostic marker. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does major surgery increase serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor only temporarily?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a hypoxia-induced endothelial cell-specific mitogen, which is angiogenic in vivo and up-regulated in several malignancies. VEGF can be used as a prognostic marker, but the effect of surgical trauma on serum VEGF (S-VEGF) concentrations is unknown and might reduce the value of VEGF as a serum marker.', 'We monitored S-VEGF levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients undergoing surgery.', 'Eighteen patients with major surgery had slightly elevated S-VEGF compared with the preoperative level (median 9.5 pg/mL) on the first (median 35 pg/mL; P = 0.0002) and third (median 19 pg/mL; P = 0.004) postoperative day, but not in later samples. The levels measured in 8 patients after minor surgery did not differ from the preoperative levels (P = 0.14).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Endothelial Growth Factors', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lymphokines', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Prognosis', 'Protein Isoforms', 'Surgical Procedures, Operative', 'Time Factors', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A', 'Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,746,454 | Does lactoferrin protect against UV-B irradiation-induced corneal epithelial damage in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Lactoferrin supplementation suppresses ultraviolet light B (UV-B)-induced oxidation of cultures of human corneal epithelial cells. To investigate the protective effect of lactoferrin containing eyedrops against UV-B-induced corneal damage in vivo, we examined lactoferrin efficacy in a rat UV-B keratitis model.",
"Sprague-Dawley rats were irradiated with >10 kJ/m2 after anesthetization, and then corneal epithelial defect was observed at 24 h postirradiation. The pre- or postapplication of vehicle or lactoferrin-containing eyedrops was performed, and then corneal epithelial damage was scored based on fluorescein staining.",
"Posttreatment with lactoferrin did not inhibit the extent of corneal damage and did not affect wound healing. However, pretreatment by topical application of lactoferrin suppressed development of a corneal epithelial defect induced by UV-B irradiation in rats."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Epithelium, Corneal",
"Keratitis",
"Lactoferrin",
"Male",
"Ophthalmic Solutions",
"Radiation Injuries, Experimental",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Ultraviolet Rays"
]
} | These results suggest that the presence of lactoferrin in human tear fluid may inhibit UV-induced corneal epithelial damage. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does lactoferrin protect against UV-B irradiation-induced corneal epithelial damage in rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Lactoferrin supplementation suppresses ultraviolet light B (UV-B)-induced oxidation of cultures of human corneal epithelial cells. To investigate the protective effect of lactoferrin containing eyedrops against UV-B-induced corneal damage in vivo, we examined lactoferrin efficacy in a rat UV-B keratitis model.', 'Sprague-Dawley rats were irradiated with >10 kJ/m2 after anesthetization, and then corneal epithelial defect was observed at 24 h postirradiation. The pre- or postapplication of vehicle or lactoferrin-containing eyedrops was performed, and then corneal epithelial damage was scored based on fluorescein staining.', 'Posttreatment with lactoferrin did not inhibit the extent of corneal damage and did not affect wound healing. However, pretreatment by topical application of lactoferrin suppressed development of a corneal epithelial defect induced by UV-B irradiation in rats.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Epithelium, Corneal', 'Keratitis', 'Lactoferrin', 'Male', 'Ophthalmic Solutions', 'Radiation Injuries, Experimental', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Ultraviolet Rays']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,749,617 | Is serum interleukin-10 but not interleukin-6 related to clinical outcome in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the clinical significance of preoperative serum levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).",
"IL-10 is an immunosuppressive factor and IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a role in host defense mechanisms. Both have been reported to be related to the disease prognosis in some human solid tumors. Their role in human HCC has not been investigated.",
"Preoperative serum samples of 67 patients with HCC who underwent potentially curative resection and 27 normal healthy donors were assayed. Levels of IL-10 and IL-6 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The clinical significance of serum IL-10 and IL-6 was evaluated and compared with conventional clinicopathologic factors.",
"Levels of IL-10 and IL-6 were significantly higher in patients with HCC than in healthy subjects. There was no correlation between IL-10 and IL-6 levels. Tumor resection resulted in a decrease in IL-10 and IL-6 levels. On univariate analysis, patients with high IL-10 levels had a worse disease-free survival, but IL-6 levels had no correlation with the disease-free survival. Multivariate analysis identified IL-10 levels as a predictor of postresectional outcome, in addition to the well-established clinical risk factors."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Carcinoma, Hepatocellular",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Female",
"Hepatectomy",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Interleukin-10",
"Interleukin-6",
"Liver Neoplasms",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Prognosis",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | In patients with HCC, the preoperative serum IL-10 level is related to the clinical outcome. IL-10 may play an important role in the progression of HCC. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is serum interleukin-10 but not interleukin-6 related to clinical outcome in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To evaluate the clinical significance of preoperative serum levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).', 'IL-10 is an immunosuppressive factor and IL-6 is a multifunctional cytokine that plays a role in host defense mechanisms. Both have been reported to be related to the disease prognosis in some human solid tumors. Their role in human HCC has not been investigated.', 'Preoperative serum samples of 67 patients with HCC who underwent potentially curative resection and 27 normal healthy donors were assayed. Levels of IL-10 and IL-6 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The clinical significance of serum IL-10 and IL-6 was evaluated and compared with conventional clinicopathologic factors.', 'Levels of IL-10 and IL-6 were significantly higher in patients with HCC than in healthy subjects. There was no correlation between IL-10 and IL-6 levels. Tumor resection resulted in a decrease in IL-10 and IL-6 levels. On univariate analysis, patients with high IL-10 levels had a worse disease-free survival, but IL-6 levels had no correlation with the disease-free survival. Multivariate analysis identified IL-10 levels as a predictor of postresectional outcome, in addition to the well-established clinical risk factors.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Carcinoma, Hepatocellular', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Female', 'Hepatectomy', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Interleukin-10', 'Interleukin-6', 'Liver Neoplasms', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Prognosis', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,738,573 | Does baculovirus vector require electrostatic interactions including heparan sulfate for efficient gene transfer in mammalian cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Recently, several reports have described the ability of recombinant baculoviruses to transduce a variety of mammalian cells. Yet, mechanisms involved in baculovirus entry in those cells remain largely unexplored, particularly at the primary binding step of the virions to the cell membrane.",
"This report focused on the primary virus-cell interactions that lead to in vitro transduction of human 293 cells using a polyhedrin-deleted baculovirus harboring a CMV-driven beta-galactosidase gene (BacLacZ).",
"Infection rate monitored for 8 h and transduction rate with a multiplicity of infection of up to 800 were, both, non-saturable. Temperatures from 37 degrees C to 4 degrees C dramatically impaired BacLacZ but not adenovirus cell attachment. Competitive infections performed with an excess of a non LacZ-expressing baculovirus hardly competed at a 1/1 ratio. Consistent with an adsorptive binding process onto the cell surface, interactions through electrostatic charges between both viral and cell membranes appeared to be critical for BacLacZ transduction. The addition of polybrene to the cells prior to or during the infection prevented both virus binding and LacZ gene transfer, suggesting the involvement of negatively charged epitopes exposed at the cell surface. The simultaneous presence of the highly charged heparin abrogated BacLacZ binding to the cell surface and subsequent gene transfer. Lastly, direct in vitro binding of BacLacZ to heparin but not BSA columns could be demonstrated after elution of infectious BacLacZ virus in high salt molarity."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Baculoviridae",
"Cell Line",
"Cell Membrane",
"Gene Transfer Techniques",
"Genetic Vectors",
"Heparin",
"Heparitin Sulfate",
"Humans",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Lac Operon",
"Spodoptera",
"Static Electricity",
"Transduction, Genetic"
]
} | Electrostatic charges play a critical role during the first step in mammalian cell transduction mediated by a recombinant baculovirus. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does baculovirus vector require electrostatic interactions including heparan sulfate for efficient gene transfer in mammalian cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Recently, several reports have described the ability of recombinant baculoviruses to transduce a variety of mammalian cells. Yet, mechanisms involved in baculovirus entry in those cells remain largely unexplored, particularly at the primary binding step of the virions to the cell membrane.', 'This report focused on the primary virus-cell interactions that lead to in vitro transduction of human 293 cells using a polyhedrin-deleted baculovirus harboring a CMV-driven beta-galactosidase gene (BacLacZ).', 'Infection rate monitored for 8 h and transduction rate with a multiplicity of infection of up to 800 were, both, non-saturable. Temperatures from 37 degrees C to 4 degrees C dramatically impaired BacLacZ but not adenovirus cell attachment. Competitive infections performed with an excess of a non LacZ-expressing baculovirus hardly competed at a 1/1 ratio. Consistent with an adsorptive binding process onto the cell surface, interactions through electrostatic charges between both viral and cell membranes appeared to be critical for BacLacZ transduction. The addition of polybrene to the cells prior to or during the infection prevented both virus binding and LacZ gene transfer, suggesting the involvement of negatively charged epitopes exposed at the cell surface. The simultaneous presence of the highly charged heparin abrogated BacLacZ binding to the cell surface and subsequent gene transfer. Lastly, direct in vitro binding of BacLacZ to heparin but not BSA columns could be demonstrated after elution of infectious BacLacZ virus in high salt molarity.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Baculoviridae', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Membrane', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Heparin', 'Heparitin Sulfate', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Lac Operon', 'Spodoptera', 'Static Electricity', 'Transduction, Genetic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,736,970 | Do vasoactive agents modulate migration of monocytes across glomerular endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Macrophages seem to play an important role in the development of glomerulosclerosis. In both human and experimental animal models of focal glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), infiltration of macrophages in the mesangium has been considered key in the development of FSGS.",
"In the present study, we evaluated the effect of vasoactive agents on the migration of monocytes across a filter in a modified Boyden chamber as well as across a cultured glomerular endothelial cell layer (in vitro model of glomerular mesangium). Both light as well as scanning electron microscopic studies were performed. We evaluated the effect of vasoactive agents including histamine, prostaglandin (PG) E2, angiotensin II, endothelin-1, platelet-activating factor, and interleukin-1 (IL) on the migration of monocytes/macrophages across an endothelial cell layer as well as a gelatin-coated filter. In addition, we evaluated the effect of cyclic adenosine 3',5' cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and PGE2 on vasoactive-induced migration of monocytes.",
"Histamine increased (P < 0.003) the migration of monocytes across the filter. This effect of histamine was dose-dependent. Histamine at concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-5) mol/L induced optimal migration across the filter (control, 16.6 +/- 1.1 vs histamine, 10(-8) mol/L, 40.9 +/- 0.9 monocytes/high power field). Cimetidine, an H2 receptor blocker, attenuated (P < 0.001) the effect of histamine on the migration of monocytes. PGE2 inhibited the migration of monocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Histamine increased (P < 0.001) the passage of monocytes across the glomerular endothelial cell layer (control, 1012 +/- 37 vs 1711 +/- 163 cpm/well). Histamine also increased the migration of murine macrophages across the glomerular endothelial cell layer. PGE2 inhibited the migration of monocytes across the endothelial cell layer under basal as well as histamine-stimulated states. Dibutyryl cyclic (DBc) AMP also attenuated the migration of monocytes under basal as well as histamine-stimulated states. Both PGE2 and DBcAMP also attenuated the IL-1 beta-stimulated migration of monocytes. Angiotensin II, endothelin-1, and platelet-activating factor did not modulate the migration of monocytes."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Bucladesine",
"Cardiovascular Agents",
"Cell Line",
"Cell Movement",
"Dinoprostone",
"Endothelium",
"Glomerular Mesangium",
"Histamine",
"Humans",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Microscopy, Electron",
"Monocytes",
"Rats",
"U937 Cells"
]
} | Vasoactive agents directly modulate the transmigration of monocytes. The present in vitro study provides a basis for a hypothesis that vasoactive agents may also be modulating the migration of monocytes across the glomerular endothelial cell layer (into the mesangium). | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do vasoactive agents modulate migration of monocytes across glomerular endothelial cells?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Macrophages seem to play an important role in the development of glomerulosclerosis. In both human and experimental animal models of focal glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), infiltration of macrophages in the mesangium has been considered key in the development of FSGS.', \"In the present study, we evaluated the effect of vasoactive agents on the migration of monocytes across a filter in a modified Boyden chamber as well as across a cultured glomerular endothelial cell layer (in vitro model of glomerular mesangium). Both light as well as scanning electron microscopic studies were performed. We evaluated the effect of vasoactive agents including histamine, prostaglandin (PG) E2, angiotensin II, endothelin-1, platelet-activating factor, and interleukin-1 (IL) on the migration of monocytes/macrophages across an endothelial cell layer as well as a gelatin-coated filter. In addition, we evaluated the effect of cyclic adenosine 3',5' cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and PGE2 on vasoactive-induced migration of monocytes.\", 'Histamine increased (P < 0.003) the migration of monocytes across the filter. This effect of histamine was dose-dependent. Histamine at concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-5) mol/L induced optimal migration across the filter (control, 16.6 +/- 1.1 vs histamine, 10(-8) mol/L, 40.9 +/- 0.9 monocytes/high power field). Cimetidine, an H2 receptor blocker, attenuated (P < 0.001) the effect of histamine on the migration of monocytes. PGE2 inhibited the migration of monocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Histamine increased (P < 0.001) the passage of monocytes across the glomerular endothelial cell layer (control, 1012 +/- 37 vs 1711 +/- 163 cpm/well). Histamine also increased the migration of murine macrophages across the glomerular endothelial cell layer. PGE2 inhibited the migration of monocytes across the endothelial cell layer under basal as well as histamine-stimulated states. Dibutyryl cyclic (DBc) AMP also attenuated the migration of monocytes under basal as well as histamine-stimulated states. Both PGE2 and DBcAMP also attenuated the IL-1 beta-stimulated migration of monocytes. Angiotensin II, endothelin-1, and platelet-activating factor did not modulate the migration of monocytes.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Bucladesine', 'Cardiovascular Agents', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Movement', 'Dinoprostone', 'Endothelium', 'Glomerular Mesangium', 'Histamine', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Microscopy, Electron', 'Monocytes', 'Rats', 'U937 Cells']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,752,335 | Does [ Thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer decrease after vitreous surgery for idiopathic macular hole ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the alteration of the retinal nerve fiber thickness (NFLT) before and after vitreous surgery for a macular hole in cases with or without visual field defects.",
"The NFLT of 23 eyes with idiopathic macular hole was measured with scanning laser polarimeter upto 12 months after surgery. The NFLT was divided into superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants. The mean NFLT of each quadrant was analyzed statistically and compared to the results of visual field tests.",
"In all cases, the NFLT decreased significantly upto 3 months after surgery, but increased gradually upto 12 months. In cases with visual field loss, the thickness of the nerve fiber layer that corresponds to the visual field defect diminished strongly, in contrast with other quadrants. Even in cases without visual field loss, the NFLT decreased significantly a month after surgery, especially in the nasal and inferior quadrants."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Nerve Fibers",
"Retina",
"Retinal Perforations",
"Visual Fields",
"Vitreous Body"
]
} | This study demonstrates that the thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer decreases at least one month after surgery, even in cases without visual field defect. This fact may suggest the existence of a subclinical complication of vitreous surgery. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does [ Thickness of retinal nerve fiber layer decrease after vitreous surgery for idiopathic macular hole ]?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the alteration of the retinal nerve fiber thickness (NFLT) before and after vitreous surgery for a macular hole in cases with or without visual field defects.', 'The NFLT of 23 eyes with idiopathic macular hole was measured with scanning laser polarimeter upto 12 months after surgery. The NFLT was divided into superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants. The mean NFLT of each quadrant was analyzed statistically and compared to the results of visual field tests.', 'In all cases, the NFLT decreased significantly upto 3 months after surgery, but increased gradually upto 12 months. In cases with visual field loss, the thickness of the nerve fiber layer that corresponds to the visual field defect diminished strongly, in contrast with other quadrants. Even in cases without visual field loss, the NFLT decreased significantly a month after surgery, especially in the nasal and inferior quadrants.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nerve Fibers', 'Retina', 'Retinal Perforations', 'Visual Fields', 'Vitreous Body']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,746,837 | Do systemic estrogens have no conclusive beneficial effect on human skin connective tissue? | {
"contexts": [
"Aging of the skin is affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Especially important extrinsic factor is ultraviolet radiation, which causes premature aging of the skin. Intrinsic aging is influenced by genetic factors, and changes in hormones. In menopause, changes in hormonal balance have been suggested to enhance aging of the skin."
],
"labels": [
"METHODS"
],
"meshes": []
} | Accordingly, several studies have been accomplished, in which hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been used in order to prevent skin aging at or after the menopause. In this overview the results of previous studies, and a study done recently, are critically reviewed. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do systemic estrogens have no conclusive beneficial effect on human skin connective tissue?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Aging of the skin is affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Especially important extrinsic factor is ultraviolet radiation, which causes premature aging of the skin. Intrinsic aging is influenced by genetic factors, and changes in hormones. In menopause, changes in hormonal balance have been suggested to enhance aging of the skin.'], 'labels': ['METHODS'], 'meshes': []}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,735,686 | Does biologically variable pulsation improve jugular venous oxygen saturation during rewarming? | {
"contexts": [
"Conventional pulsatile (CP) roller pump cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was compared to computer controlled biologically variable pulsatile (BVP) bypass designed to return beat-to-beat variability in rate and pressure with superimposed respiratory rhythms. Jugular venous O2 saturation (SjvO2) below 50% during rewarming from hypothermia was compared for the two bypass techniques. A SjvO2 less than 50% during rewarming is correlated with cognitive dysfunction in humans.",
"Pigs were placed on CPB for 3 hours using a membrane oxygenator with alpha-stat acid base management and arterial filtration. After apulsatile normothermic CPB was initiated, animals were randomized to CP (n = 8) or BVP (roller pump speed adjusted by an average of 2.9 voltage output modulations/second; n = 8), then cooled to a nasopharyngeal temperature of 28 degrees C. During rewarming to stable normothermia, SjvO2 was measured at 5 minute intervals. The mean and cumulative area for SjvO2 less than 50% was determined.",
"No between group difference in temperature existed during hypothermic CPB or during rewarming. Mean arterial pressure, arterial partial pressure O2, and arterial partial pressure CO2 did not differ between groups. The hemoglobin concentration was within 0.4 g/dL between groups at all time periods. The range of systolic pressure was greater with BVP (41 +/- 18 mm Hg) than with CP (12 +/- 4 mm Hg). A greater mean and cumulative area under the curve for SjvO2 less than 50% was seen with CP (82 +/- 96 versus 3.6% +/- 7.3% x min, p = 0.004; and 983 +/- 1158 versus 42% +/- 87% x min; p = 0.004, Wilcoxon 2-sample test)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Blood Gas Analysis",
"Brain",
"Cardiopulmonary Bypass",
"Hypoxia, Brain",
"Jugular Veins",
"Oxygen",
"Pulsatile Flow",
"Rewarming",
"Swine"
]
} | Computer-controlled BVP resulted in significantly greater SjvO2 during rewarming from hypothermic CPB. Both mean and cumulative area under the curve for SjvO2 less than 50% exceeded a ratio of 20 to 1 for CP versus BVP. Cerebral oxygenation is better preserved during rewarming from moderate hypothermia with bypass that returns biological variability to the flow pattern. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does biologically variable pulsation improve jugular venous oxygen saturation during rewarming?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Conventional pulsatile (CP) roller pump cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was compared to computer controlled biologically variable pulsatile (BVP) bypass designed to return beat-to-beat variability in rate and pressure with superimposed respiratory rhythms. Jugular venous O2 saturation (SjvO2) below 50% during rewarming from hypothermia was compared for the two bypass techniques. A SjvO2 less than 50% during rewarming is correlated with cognitive dysfunction in humans.', 'Pigs were placed on CPB for 3 hours using a membrane oxygenator with alpha-stat acid base management and arterial filtration. After apulsatile normothermic CPB was initiated, animals were randomized to CP (n = 8) or BVP (roller pump speed adjusted by an average of 2.9 voltage output modulations/second; n = 8), then cooled to a nasopharyngeal temperature of 28 degrees C. During rewarming to stable normothermia, SjvO2 was measured at 5 minute intervals. The mean and cumulative area for SjvO2 less than 50% was determined.', 'No between group difference in temperature existed during hypothermic CPB or during rewarming. Mean arterial pressure, arterial partial pressure O2, and arterial partial pressure CO2 did not differ between groups. The hemoglobin concentration was within 0.4 g/dL between groups at all time periods. The range of systolic pressure was greater with BVP (41 +/- 18 mm Hg) than with CP (12 +/- 4 mm Hg). A greater mean and cumulative area under the curve for SjvO2 less than 50% was seen with CP (82 +/- 96 versus 3.6% +/- 7.3% x min, p = 0.004; and 983 +/- 1158 versus 42% +/- 87% x min; p = 0.004, Wilcoxon 2-sample test).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Blood Gas Analysis', 'Brain', 'Cardiopulmonary Bypass', 'Hypoxia, Brain', 'Jugular Veins', 'Oxygen', 'Pulsatile Flow', 'Rewarming', 'Swine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,737,479 | Are outcomes after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin affected by substaging of high grade T1 transitional cell carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Substaging of T1 bladder tumors into T1a and T1b based on invasion of the tumor superficial to and beyond the muscularis mucosa has been assigned prognostic significance. We determined whether outcomes after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) differ between stage T1a and T1b subcategories.",
"Retrospective pathological evaluation of the initial transurethral resection specimens of stage T1 bladder tumors was performed by 2 pathologists. Grade 1, 2 or 3 and stage T1a or T1b were assigned to each case. Followup was from the date of transurethral resection to date of death or the last visit. Kaplan-Meier probability and log rank test were used to evaluate recurrence and progression.",
"Substaging was performed in 49 of the 55 patients (89%) with stage T1 disease. Disease was stage T1a in 32 (65%), stage T1b in 17 (35%), grade 3 in 45 (92%) and grade 2 in 4 (8%) cases. Maximum followup was 147 months (median 71) and 28 cases had a minimum of 5 years of followup. Recurrence was noted in 33 cases (67.3%), including 22 stage T1a (69%) and 11 stage T1b (65%), at a median followup of 11.3 and 8.6 months, respectively. Progression to a higher stage of disease was recorded in 12 cases (24.4%), including 7 (22%) stage T1a and 5 (29%) stage T1b, at a median followup of 108 and 120 months, respectively. The difference between T1a and T1b subcategories was not statistically significant in regard to recurrence-free (p = 0.7203) and progression-free (p = 0.574) outcomes."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adjuvants, Immunologic",
"BCG Vaccine",
"Carcinoma, Transitional Cell",
"Disease Progression",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Neoplasm Recurrence, Local",
"Neoplasm Staging",
"Prognosis",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Urinary Bladder Neoplasms"
]
} | Substaging of T1 tumors did not affect response to BCG in regard to recurrence or progression. Therefore, intravesical BCG is effective for stages T1a and T1b disease. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are outcomes after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin affected by substaging of high grade T1 transitional cell carcinoma?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Substaging of T1 bladder tumors into T1a and T1b based on invasion of the tumor superficial to and beyond the muscularis mucosa has been assigned prognostic significance. We determined whether outcomes after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) differ between stage T1a and T1b subcategories.', 'Retrospective pathological evaluation of the initial transurethral resection specimens of stage T1 bladder tumors was performed by 2 pathologists. Grade 1, 2 or 3 and stage T1a or T1b were assigned to each case. Followup was from the date of transurethral resection to date of death or the last visit. Kaplan-Meier probability and log rank test were used to evaluate recurrence and progression.', 'Substaging was performed in 49 of the 55 patients (89%) with stage T1 disease. Disease was stage T1a in 32 (65%), stage T1b in 17 (35%), grade 3 in 45 (92%) and grade 2 in 4 (8%) cases. Maximum followup was 147 months (median 71) and 28 cases had a minimum of 5 years of followup. Recurrence was noted in 33 cases (67.3%), including 22 stage T1a (69%) and 11 stage T1b (65%), at a median followup of 11.3 and 8.6 months, respectively. Progression to a higher stage of disease was recorded in 12 cases (24.4%), including 7 (22%) stage T1a and 5 (29%) stage T1b, at a median followup of 108 and 120 months, respectively. The difference between T1a and T1b subcategories was not statistically significant in regard to recurrence-free (p = 0.7203) and progression-free (p = 0.574) outcomes.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adjuvants, Immunologic', 'BCG Vaccine', 'Carcinoma, Transitional Cell', 'Disease Progression', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Neoplasm Recurrence, Local', 'Neoplasm Staging', 'Prognosis', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Urinary Bladder Neoplasms']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
10,737,539 | Is altered synaptic transmission in the hippocampus of the castrated male mouse reversed by testosterone replacement? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the effect of castration on hippocampal function, we have investigated synaptic transmission in the castrated male mouse in vivo. We also examined whether administering testosterone can reverse the changes.",
"Male 12 weeks-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into three experimental groups; sham-castration (Control), the castration group (Cast), and the castration plus testosterone propionate group (Cast+TP). Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) were evoked in the CA1 area of the hippocampus by stimulating the commissural fibers of the contralateral hippocampus. Field EPSPs were evoked in the granular cells of the dentate gyrus (DG) by stimulating the ipsilateral perforant path fibers.",
"Laminar analysis of the fEPSPs in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell layer did not differ significantly between the three experimental groups. However, paired pulse facilitation (PPF) of the fEPSP with short inter-stimulus intervals (30 to 100 msec) was significantly suppressed in Cast group. This suppression was reversed by testosterone injection (Cast+TP). Longterm potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 pyramidal neurons by high frequency stimulation (HFS) did not differ significantly between the three experimental groups, whereas potentiation evoked by primed burst stimulation (PBS) was much weaker in the Cast group compared with the Control group. Testosterone injection restored the PBS-induced potentiation to the control level. Synaptic transmission between perforant pathway and the granule cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) did not differ significantly among the three experimental groups."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Electric Stimulation",
"Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials",
"Hippocampus",
"Long-Term Potentiation",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Orchiectomy",
"Synaptic Transmission",
"Testosterone"
]
} | Suppression of PPF and impairment of the potentiation by PBS in CA1 hippocampal neurons was observed in castrated male mice and these changes were reversed by testosterone injection. These findings suggest that altered synaptic transmission in the castrated male mouse is caused by disturbance of inhibitory neuronal networks that are influenced by testosterone. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is altered synaptic transmission in the hippocampus of the castrated male mouse reversed by testosterone replacement?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine the effect of castration on hippocampal function, we have investigated synaptic transmission in the castrated male mouse in vivo. We also examined whether administering testosterone can reverse the changes.', 'Male 12 weeks-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into three experimental groups; sham-castration (Control), the castration group (Cast), and the castration plus testosterone propionate group (Cast+TP). Field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSP) were evoked in the CA1 area of the hippocampus by stimulating the commissural fibers of the contralateral hippocampus. Field EPSPs were evoked in the granular cells of the dentate gyrus (DG) by stimulating the ipsilateral perforant path fibers.', 'Laminar analysis of the fEPSPs in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell layer did not differ significantly between the three experimental groups. However, paired pulse facilitation (PPF) of the fEPSP with short inter-stimulus intervals (30 to 100 msec) was significantly suppressed in Cast group. This suppression was reversed by testosterone injection (Cast+TP). Longterm potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 pyramidal neurons by high frequency stimulation (HFS) did not differ significantly between the three experimental groups, whereas potentiation evoked by primed burst stimulation (PBS) was much weaker in the Cast group compared with the Control group. Testosterone injection restored the PBS-induced potentiation to the control level. Synaptic transmission between perforant pathway and the granule cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) did not differ significantly among the three experimental groups.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials', 'Hippocampus', 'Long-Term Potentiation', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Orchiectomy', 'Synaptic Transmission', 'Testosterone']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,735,798 | Does magnesium sulfate potentiate morphine antinociception at the spinal level? | {
"contexts": [
"Intrathecal magnesium sulfate coinfusion with morphine increases antinociception in normal rats; however, because magnesium also delays the onset of tolerance, it is not clear whether this additional antinociception is a result of potentiated analgesia or tolerance abatement. We examined the antinociceptive interaction of intrathecal (IT) bolus magnesium sulfate and morphine in morphine naive rats and those with mechanical allodynia after a surgical incision. After intrathecal catheter implantation, rats were given preinjections of magnesium or saline, followed by injections of morphine or saline. In morphine naïve rats, IT bolus magnesium sulfate 281 and 375 microg followed by IT morphine 0.25 or 0.5 nmol enhanced peak antinociception and area under the response versus time curve two-to-three-fold in the tail-flick test as compared with morphine alone. Likewise, in rats with incisional pain, IT bolus magnesium sulfate 188 and 375 microg followed by morphine 0.5 nmol reduced mechanical allodynia, whereas morphine 0.5 nmol alone did not. This study suggests that IT magnesium sulfate potentiates morphine at a spinal site of action."
],
"labels": [
"UNLABELLED"
],
"meshes": [
"Analgesics, Opioid",
"Animals",
"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug",
"Drug Synergism",
"Magnesium Sulfate",
"Male",
"Morphine",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Spinal Cord"
]
} | Magnesium sulfate potentiates morphine analgesia when coadministered intrathecally in normal rats, and in an animal model of mechanical allodynia after a surgical incision. These results suggest that intrathecal administration of magnesium sulfate may be a useful adjunct to spinal morphine analgesia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does magnesium sulfate potentiate morphine antinociception at the spinal level?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Intrathecal magnesium sulfate coinfusion with morphine increases antinociception in normal rats; however, because magnesium also delays the onset of tolerance, it is not clear whether this additional antinociception is a result of potentiated analgesia or tolerance abatement. We examined the antinociceptive interaction of intrathecal (IT) bolus magnesium sulfate and morphine in morphine naive rats and those with mechanical allodynia after a surgical incision. After intrathecal catheter implantation, rats were given preinjections of magnesium or saline, followed by injections of morphine or saline. In morphine naïve rats, IT bolus magnesium sulfate 281 and 375 microg followed by IT morphine 0.25 or 0.5 nmol enhanced peak antinociception and area under the response versus time curve two-to-three-fold in the tail-flick test as compared with morphine alone. Likewise, in rats with incisional pain, IT bolus magnesium sulfate 188 and 375 microg followed by morphine 0.5 nmol reduced mechanical allodynia, whereas morphine 0.5 nmol alone did not. This study suggests that IT magnesium sulfate potentiates morphine at a spinal site of action.'], 'labels': ['UNLABELLED'], 'meshes': ['Analgesics, Opioid', 'Animals', 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'Drug Synergism', 'Magnesium Sulfate', 'Male', 'Morphine', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Spinal Cord']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,732,315 | Does hyperthermia prevent metabolic and cerebral flow responses to hypoxia in the fetal sheep? | {
"contexts": [
"Fetal brain temperature has been found to decrease during hypoxia, strongly suggesting a reduction in cerebral O2 consumption and increases in cerebral blood flow. These responses may protect the brain in part against hypoxic injury. This study was undertaken to examine whether these compensatory mechanisms are lost during fetal hyperthermia.",
"Intermittent fetal hypoxemia was induced by administering low-O2 gas mixtures to nine near-term ewes. Fetal brain and body core temperature responses were measured with and without fetal hyperthermia induced by circulating warm water through a plastic coil looped about the fetus in utero.",
"In normothermic fetuses, fetal brain temperature relative to core decreased during a 30-minute period of hypoxia and then returned to normal during recovery. This response may be explained by a combination of cerebral hypometabolism and increased cerebral blood flow. However, in hyperthermic fetuses (intrauterine warming for 1 hour, raising body core and brain temperatures 0.66 +/- 0.06 and 0.61 +/- 0.10 C, respectively) a subsequent period of hypoxia no longer induced a reduction in brain temperature relative to body core."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Amniotic Fluid",
"Animals",
"Body Temperature",
"Brain",
"Cerebrovascular Circulation",
"Female",
"Fetal Hypoxia",
"Fetus",
"Heart Rate, Fetal",
"Hot Temperature",
"Hyperthermia, Induced",
"Kinetics",
"Oxygen Consumption",
"Pregnancy",
"Sheep"
]
} | When temperature of the fetal sheep is elevated, as may occur with maternal fever, prolonged exercise, and elevated environmental temperatures, the fetal brain is less well protected against hypoxic injury. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does hyperthermia prevent metabolic and cerebral flow responses to hypoxia in the fetal sheep?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Fetal brain temperature has been found to decrease during hypoxia, strongly suggesting a reduction in cerebral O2 consumption and increases in cerebral blood flow. These responses may protect the brain in part against hypoxic injury. This study was undertaken to examine whether these compensatory mechanisms are lost during fetal hyperthermia.', 'Intermittent fetal hypoxemia was induced by administering low-O2 gas mixtures to nine near-term ewes. Fetal brain and body core temperature responses were measured with and without fetal hyperthermia induced by circulating warm water through a plastic coil looped about the fetus in utero.', 'In normothermic fetuses, fetal brain temperature relative to core decreased during a 30-minute period of hypoxia and then returned to normal during recovery. This response may be explained by a combination of cerebral hypometabolism and increased cerebral blood flow. However, in hyperthermic fetuses (intrauterine warming for 1 hour, raising body core and brain temperatures 0.66 +/- 0.06 and 0.61 +/- 0.10 C, respectively) a subsequent period of hypoxia no longer induced a reduction in brain temperature relative to body core.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Amniotic Fluid', 'Animals', 'Body Temperature', 'Brain', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Female', 'Fetal Hypoxia', 'Fetus', 'Heart Rate, Fetal', 'Hot Temperature', 'Hyperthermia, Induced', 'Kinetics', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Pregnancy', 'Sheep']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,732,319 | Are cD44-9v and CD44-10v potential molecular markers for squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva? | {
"contexts": [
"CD44 is a cell surface glycoprotein widely distributed in the extracellular matrix. CD44 isoforms arising from alternative mRNA splicing are implicated in tumor metastases. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of CD44s and two splice variants, CD44-9v and CD44-10v, in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the vulva as well as its correlation with lymph node (LN) metastases and disease-free survival.",
"Thirty-five SCC vulvar tumors were evaluated for CD44s, CD44-9v, and CD44-10v expression by immunocytochemistry. One nonmetastatic LN was studied also. In cases with LN metastases, the metastatic LN as well as a nonmetastatic LN from the same patient were evaluated.",
"CD44s and CD44-9v were expressed in all epithelia--normal, dysplastic, and SCC. However, intensity and distribution of expression of 9v isoforms changed within the tissue containing invasive cancer. CD44-9v expression was downregulated in the most differentiated cells within the carcinoma, mainly in patients who had disease recurrence or eventually died of disease (P = .031). All metastatic tumor to LNs was immunoreactive also for CD44-9v. CD44-10v expression was present in 78% of tumors and 56% of normal epithelium. Interestingly, CD44-10v membrane expression, but not cytoplasmic expression, correlated with disease recurrence (P = .035)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Biomarkers, Tumor",
"Carcinoma, Squamous Cell",
"Disease-Free Survival",
"Epidermis",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Hyaluronan Receptors",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Lymph Nodes",
"Lymphatic Metastasis",
"Neoplasm Invasiveness",
"Prognosis",
"Registries",
"Vulvar Neoplasms"
]
} | Our findings warrant larger multi-institutional studies to determine the potential of CD44-9v and CD44-10v as molecular markers of disease recurrence in vulvar carcinoma. We propose to test the use of anti-CD44-9v monoclonal antibody for radioimmunoimaging of occult LN metastases. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are cD44-9v and CD44-10v potential molecular markers for squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva?\nContext: {'contexts': ['CD44 is a cell surface glycoprotein widely distributed in the extracellular matrix. CD44 isoforms arising from alternative mRNA splicing are implicated in tumor metastases. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of CD44s and two splice variants, CD44-9v and CD44-10v, in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the vulva as well as its correlation with lymph node (LN) metastases and disease-free survival.', 'Thirty-five SCC vulvar tumors were evaluated for CD44s, CD44-9v, and CD44-10v expression by immunocytochemistry. One nonmetastatic LN was studied also. In cases with LN metastases, the metastatic LN as well as a nonmetastatic LN from the same patient were evaluated.', 'CD44s and CD44-9v were expressed in all epithelia--normal, dysplastic, and SCC. However, intensity and distribution of expression of 9v isoforms changed within the tissue containing invasive cancer. CD44-9v expression was downregulated in the most differentiated cells within the carcinoma, mainly in patients who had disease recurrence or eventually died of disease (P = .031). All metastatic tumor to LNs was immunoreactive also for CD44-9v. CD44-10v expression was present in 78% of tumors and 56% of normal epithelium. Interestingly, CD44-10v membrane expression, but not cytoplasmic expression, correlated with disease recurrence (P = .035).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Biomarkers, Tumor', 'Carcinoma, Squamous Cell', 'Disease-Free Survival', 'Epidermis', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Hyaluronan Receptors', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Lymph Nodes', 'Lymphatic Metastasis', 'Neoplasm Invasiveness', 'Prognosis', 'Registries', 'Vulvar Neoplasms']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,732,290 | Does cytokine gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells reflect a systemic immune response in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent data provide evidence of a systemic inflammatory response in severe acute pancreatitis; in contrast, the exact immune mechanisms underlying chronic pancreatitis remain unclear.",
"To investigate the immune response in the clinical features of chronic pancreatitis, we investigated the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-p55 and -p75 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 18 patients with late-stage alcoholic chronic pancreatitis of different disease activity (Balthazar criteria).",
"Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed a significantly enhanced gene expression of TNF-alpha (P < 0.05), TNFR-p55 (P < 0.05) and TNFR-p75 (P < 0.01) in unstimulated PBMC of patients with advanced chronic pancreatitis (11/18 with calcifications) compared to healthy controls (n = 8). No significant difference was found between patients with mild acute pancreatitis and patients with an inactive quiescent pancreatitis. Moreover, no expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase was detectable."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Antibody Formation",
"Antigens, CD",
"Chronic Disease",
"Cytokines",
"Female",
"Gene Expression",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Monocytes",
"Pancreatitis, Alcoholic",
"Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor",
"Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I",
"Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | The enhanced gene expression of TNFR-p75, TNFR-p55 and TNF-alpha in unstimulated PBMC demonstrates an enhanced leucocyte activation in patients with late-stage chronic pancreatitis and suggests a pathogenetic role of the cytotoxic TNF-alpha pathway in the clinical features of alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. The pathogenetic role of nitric oxide in chronic pancreatitis remains to be fully elucidated. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does cytokine gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells reflect a systemic immune response in alcoholic chronic pancreatitis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Recent data provide evidence of a systemic inflammatory response in severe acute pancreatitis; in contrast, the exact immune mechanisms underlying chronic pancreatitis remain unclear.', 'To investigate the immune response in the clinical features of chronic pancreatitis, we investigated the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-p55 and -p75 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 18 patients with late-stage alcoholic chronic pancreatitis of different disease activity (Balthazar criteria).', 'Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed a significantly enhanced gene expression of TNF-alpha (P < 0.05), TNFR-p55 (P < 0.05) and TNFR-p75 (P < 0.01) in unstimulated PBMC of patients with advanced chronic pancreatitis (11/18 with calcifications) compared to healthy controls (n = 8). No significant difference was found between patients with mild acute pancreatitis and patients with an inactive quiescent pancreatitis. Moreover, no expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase was detectable.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Antibody Formation', 'Antigens, CD', 'Chronic Disease', 'Cytokines', 'Female', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monocytes', 'Pancreatitis, Alcoholic', 'Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor', 'Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I', 'Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,732,291 | Does the endothelin antagonist bosentan improve survival in severe experimental pancreatitis in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Severity of pancreatitis seems to be aggravated by impairment of vascular perfusion of the gland. Early mortality occurs within the first few days from the acute consequences of pancreatic injury with subsequent inflammatory response. Because vasoactive substances, including endothelin, seem to contribute to early mortality in acute pancreatitis, we tested the hypothesis that the inhibition of endothelin action could alter the outcome after severe experimental pancreatitis.",
"In two groups of rats, pancreatitis was induced by intraductal infusion into the pancreatic duct of 1 microL/g body weight (b.w.) of either a 4% or a 5% sodium taurocholate solution. The mixed endothelin A and endothelin B receptor antagonist bosentan (20 mg/kg b.w.) or vehicle was injected intravenously in 12-h intervals for 3 d starting 1 h after induction of bile acid pancreatitis. This dose of bosentan is known to completely inhibit the effect of exogenous endothelin. The survival rate was monitored for 7 d. Thereafter, the surviving rats were sacrificed and the pancreas was prepared for histological and biochemical evaluation.",
"Irrespective of the treatment protocol (bosentan versus saline), survival was not different in animals challenged with either 4% or 5% sodium taurocholate. The corresponding survival rates were 62% with bosentan and 77% without bosentan in the 4% sodium taurocholate group. In the 5% sodium taurocholate group, the survival rates were 20% with and 27% without bosentan. Morphological and biochemical alterations were identical in control as well as in endothelin-antagonist-treated rats."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Bile Acids and Salts",
"Bosentan",
"Endothelins",
"Female",
"Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing",
"Random Allocation",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Sulfonamides",
"Taurocholic Acid",
"Treatment Failure"
]
} | Therapy with the mixed endothelin A and endothelin B receptor antagonist bosentan does not influence the outcome after severe experimental pancreatitis. Therefore, blockade of endothelin A and B receptor subtypes may not be of major importance as a therapeutic principle in this model of experimental pancreatitis. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does the endothelin antagonist bosentan improve survival in severe experimental pancreatitis in rats?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Severity of pancreatitis seems to be aggravated by impairment of vascular perfusion of the gland. Early mortality occurs within the first few days from the acute consequences of pancreatic injury with subsequent inflammatory response. Because vasoactive substances, including endothelin, seem to contribute to early mortality in acute pancreatitis, we tested the hypothesis that the inhibition of endothelin action could alter the outcome after severe experimental pancreatitis.', 'In two groups of rats, pancreatitis was induced by intraductal infusion into the pancreatic duct of 1 microL/g body weight (b.w.) of either a 4% or a 5% sodium taurocholate solution. The mixed endothelin A and endothelin B receptor antagonist bosentan (20 mg/kg b.w.) or vehicle was injected intravenously in 12-h intervals for 3 d starting 1 h after induction of bile acid pancreatitis. This dose of bosentan is known to completely inhibit the effect of exogenous endothelin. The survival rate was monitored for 7 d. Thereafter, the surviving rats were sacrificed and the pancreas was prepared for histological and biochemical evaluation.', 'Irrespective of the treatment protocol (bosentan versus saline), survival was not different in animals challenged with either 4% or 5% sodium taurocholate. The corresponding survival rates were 62% with bosentan and 77% without bosentan in the 4% sodium taurocholate group. In the 5% sodium taurocholate group, the survival rates were 20% with and 27% without bosentan. Morphological and biochemical alterations were identical in control as well as in endothelin-antagonist-treated rats.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Bile Acids and Salts', 'Bosentan', 'Endothelins', 'Female', 'Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing', 'Random Allocation', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Sulfonamides', 'Taurocholic Acid', 'Treatment Failure']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
10,726,964 | Does ursodeoxycholic acid reduce expression of heat shock proteins in primary biliary cirrhosis? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify injured cells in the liver of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and to determine the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on these cells, we examined the cellular expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in PBC both before and after treatment with UDCA.",
"Expression of HSP70 and ubiquitin in PBC livers (n=34) was evaluated immunohistochemically as well as by immunoblot analysis, and compared with chronic viral hepatitis type C (n= 9), primary sclerosing cholangitis (n=8), and controls (n=7).",
"Immunoblot analysis demonstrated a marked expression of HSP70 and ubiquitin in PBC. Immunohistochemical staining for both HSP70 and ubiquitin was observed to be strong in biliary epithelial cells (BECs) and moderate in both hepatocytes and arteries in PBC. Cellular labelling rates for HSP70 and ubiquitin of bile ducts in PBC were significantly higher (p<0.01) than those in chronic viral hepatitis type C, primary sclerosing cholangitis, or controls. The labelling rates for HSP70 and ubiquitin in bile ducts and in hepatocytes were significantly decreased (p<0.01) after treatment with UDCA in PBC."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic",
"Cell Count",
"Cholagogues and Choleretics",
"Cholangitis, Sclerosing",
"Epithelial Cells",
"Female",
"Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect",
"HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins",
"Hepatitis C, Chronic",
"Humans",
"Immunoblotting",
"Liver",
"Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Ubiquitins",
"Ursodeoxycholic Acid"
]
} | The present data suggest that BECs and hepatocytes significantly express HSPs even in the early stages of PBC, and that UDCA treatment significantly improves their condition. The immunohistochemical evaluation of HSPs is a valid and sensitive means to identify injured cells in PBC. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does ursodeoxycholic acid reduce expression of heat shock proteins in primary biliary cirrhosis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To identify injured cells in the liver of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and to determine the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) on these cells, we examined the cellular expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in PBC both before and after treatment with UDCA.', 'Expression of HSP70 and ubiquitin in PBC livers (n=34) was evaluated immunohistochemically as well as by immunoblot analysis, and compared with chronic viral hepatitis type C (n= 9), primary sclerosing cholangitis (n=8), and controls (n=7).', 'Immunoblot analysis demonstrated a marked expression of HSP70 and ubiquitin in PBC. Immunohistochemical staining for both HSP70 and ubiquitin was observed to be strong in biliary epithelial cells (BECs) and moderate in both hepatocytes and arteries in PBC. Cellular labelling rates for HSP70 and ubiquitin of bile ducts in PBC were significantly higher (p<0.01) than those in chronic viral hepatitis type C, primary sclerosing cholangitis, or controls. The labelling rates for HSP70 and ubiquitin in bile ducts and in hepatocytes were significantly decreased (p<0.01) after treatment with UDCA in PBC.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic', 'Cell Count', 'Cholagogues and Choleretics', 'Cholangitis, Sclerosing', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Female', 'Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect', 'HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Hepatitis C, Chronic', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Liver', 'Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Ubiquitins', 'Ursodeoxycholic Acid']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,740,161 | Is long-term estrogen replacement therapy associated with improved exercise capacity in postmenopausal women without known coronary artery disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Short-term estrogen administration improves vasodilation and has been shown to improve exercise capacity. However, it is unknown whether long-term estrogen replacement therapy is associated with improved exercise capacity in postmenopausal women without known coronary artery disease.",
"We studied 248 postmenopausal women without known coronary artery disease (mean age 63.5 years); 158 (64%) were current or past hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users and 108 (44%) were current users of HRT. Attributes potentially affecting exercise capacity and cardiac risk factors were carefully measured. These included duration of estrogen replacement therapy, all variables in the Framingham risk index, physical activity level, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, presence of osteoporosis, and family history of heart disease. We measured maximal oxygen uptake (MVO (2)) and anaerobic threshold as objective markers of exercise capacity. The relation between exercise capacity and use of HRT was analyzed with the use of logistic regression, controlling for confounding variables. We found that fitness, as measured by MVO (2) and anaerobic threshold, was significantly greater in women who had used HRT currently or in the past compared with women who had never used HRT. This difference in fitness was not confounded by age or physical activity level."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Anaerobic Threshold",
"Cohort Studies",
"Coronary Disease",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Estrogen Replacement Therapy",
"Exercise Test",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Long-Term Care",
"Middle Aged",
"Oxygen",
"Physical Fitness",
"Postmenopause",
"Risk Factors"
]
} | Estrogen replacement therapy is associated with increased exercise capacity as measured by MVO (2) and anaerobic threshold in postmenopausal women without coronary artery disease. This finding is consistent with the beneficial effect of short-term estrogen administration on improved endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is long-term estrogen replacement therapy associated with improved exercise capacity in postmenopausal women without known coronary artery disease?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Short-term estrogen administration improves vasodilation and has been shown to improve exercise capacity. However, it is unknown whether long-term estrogen replacement therapy is associated with improved exercise capacity in postmenopausal women without known coronary artery disease.', 'We studied 248 postmenopausal women without known coronary artery disease (mean age 63.5 years); 158 (64%) were current or past hormone replacement therapy (HRT) users and 108 (44%) were current users of HRT. Attributes potentially affecting exercise capacity and cardiac risk factors were carefully measured. These included duration of estrogen replacement therapy, all variables in the Framingham risk index, physical activity level, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, presence of osteoporosis, and family history of heart disease. We measured maximal oxygen uptake (MVO (2)) and anaerobic threshold as objective markers of exercise capacity. The relation between exercise capacity and use of HRT was analyzed with the use of logistic regression, controlling for confounding variables. We found that fitness, as measured by MVO (2) and anaerobic threshold, was significantly greater in women who had used HRT currently or in the past compared with women who had never used HRT. This difference in fitness was not confounded by age or physical activity level.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Anaerobic Threshold', 'Cohort Studies', 'Coronary Disease', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Estrogen Replacement Therapy', 'Exercise Test', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Long-Term Care', 'Middle Aged', 'Oxygen', 'Physical Fitness', 'Postmenopause', 'Risk Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,755,522 | Does exocrine contamination of isolated islets of Langerhans deteriorate the process of revascularization after free transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the influence of exocrine tissue contamination on the process of vascularization of isolated pancreatic islets of Langerhans after free transplantation into Syrian golden hamsters.",
"After isolation by a modified collagenase digestion technique, a total of 45 individual islets contaminated with exocrine tissue were transplanted syngeneically into striated muscle of dorsal skinfold chambers of nine animals. Sixty-six purified islet grafts transplanted into nine additional animals served as controls. Islet engraftment as well as the process of angiogenesis and revascularization were analyzed at days 3, 5, 9, and 13 after transplantation using intravital fluorescent microscopic techniques.",
"Islet grafts contaminated with exocrine tissue showed a significantly (P<0.05) lower take rate initially after transplantation when compared with purified islet grafts. In addition, functional capillary density, which served as an indicator of graft vascularization, was found significantly (P<0.05) decreased in contaminated compared with purified islets. Exocrine tissue contamination was further associated with marked leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction within the grafts' postcapillary venules, which finally resulted in six of nine animals in an overwhelming unspecific inflammation of the transplantation site with successive loss of the islet transplants."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Capillaries",
"Cricetinae",
"Graft Rejection",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Islets of Langerhans",
"Islets of Langerhans Transplantation",
"Mesocricetus",
"Muscle, Skeletal",
"Myositis",
"Neovascularization, Physiologic",
"Pancreas",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Tissue and Organ Harvesting",
"Transplantation, Heterotopic"
]
} | These findings support the view that exocrine tissue contamination is detrimental for the process of angiogenesis and vascularization of freely transplanted pancreatic islets when grafted to a confined site such as striated muscle tissue. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does exocrine contamination of isolated islets of Langerhans deteriorate the process of revascularization after free transplantation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We investigated the influence of exocrine tissue contamination on the process of vascularization of isolated pancreatic islets of Langerhans after free transplantation into Syrian golden hamsters.', 'After isolation by a modified collagenase digestion technique, a total of 45 individual islets contaminated with exocrine tissue were transplanted syngeneically into striated muscle of dorsal skinfold chambers of nine animals. Sixty-six purified islet grafts transplanted into nine additional animals served as controls. Islet engraftment as well as the process of angiogenesis and revascularization were analyzed at days 3, 5, 9, and 13 after transplantation using intravital fluorescent microscopic techniques.', \"Islet grafts contaminated with exocrine tissue showed a significantly (P<0.05) lower take rate initially after transplantation when compared with purified islet grafts. In addition, functional capillary density, which served as an indicator of graft vascularization, was found significantly (P<0.05) decreased in contaminated compared with purified islets. Exocrine tissue contamination was further associated with marked leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction within the grafts' postcapillary venules, which finally resulted in six of nine animals in an overwhelming unspecific inflammation of the transplantation site with successive loss of the islet transplants.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Capillaries', 'Cricetinae', 'Graft Rejection', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Islets of Langerhans', 'Islets of Langerhans Transplantation', 'Mesocricetus', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Myositis', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic', 'Pancreas', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Tissue and Organ Harvesting', 'Transplantation, Heterotopic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,755,521 | Does a surface-bound form of human C1 esterase inhibitor improve xenograft rejection? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of the C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) molecule against human complement attack on a swine endothelial cell (SEC) membrane. Human C1-INH functions as an inhibitor for complement reaction in the first step of the classical pathway in the fluid phase.",
"A surface-bound form of human C1-INH (C1-INH-PI) consisting of a full-length coding sequence of C1-INH and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor of the decay-accelerating factor (CD55) was constructed, and stable Chinese hamster ovarian tumor (CHO) cell lines and SEC lines expressing C1-INH-PI were then prepared by transfection of the constructed cDNA. The basic function of the transfected molecules on the xenosurface was investigated using CHO transfectants for the sake of convenience. The efficacy of C1-INH-mediated protection of SEC from human complement was then assessed as an in vitro hyperacute rejection model of a swine-to-human discordant xenograft.",
"Flowcytometric profiles of the stable CHO and SEC transfectants with C1-INH-PI showed a medium level of expression of these molecules. The C1-INH levels were significantly reduced as a result of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) treatment, suggesting that the molecules were present as the PI-anchor form. Approximately 51.3 x 10(4) and 13.3 x 10(4) molecules of C1-INH-PI blocked human complement-mediated cell lysis by approximately 75% on the CHO cell and by 60-65% on the SEC cell, respectively. In addition, the complement-inhibiting activity of human C1-INH molecules is not homologously restricted."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"CHO Cells",
"Cell Line",
"Cell Membrane",
"Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins",
"Cricetinae",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Epitopes",
"Graft Rejection",
"Humans",
"Immunoblotting",
"Species Specificity",
"Swine",
"Transplantation, Heterologous"
]
} | The results suggest that the surface-bound form of C1-INH represents a good candidate as a safeguard against hyperacute rejection of xenografts. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does a surface-bound form of human C1 esterase inhibitor improve xenograft rejection?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of the C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) molecule against human complement attack on a swine endothelial cell (SEC) membrane. Human C1-INH functions as an inhibitor for complement reaction in the first step of the classical pathway in the fluid phase.', 'A surface-bound form of human C1-INH (C1-INH-PI) consisting of a full-length coding sequence of C1-INH and a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor of the decay-accelerating factor (CD55) was constructed, and stable Chinese hamster ovarian tumor (CHO) cell lines and SEC lines expressing C1-INH-PI were then prepared by transfection of the constructed cDNA. The basic function of the transfected molecules on the xenosurface was investigated using CHO transfectants for the sake of convenience. The efficacy of C1-INH-mediated protection of SEC from human complement was then assessed as an in vitro hyperacute rejection model of a swine-to-human discordant xenograft.', 'Flowcytometric profiles of the stable CHO and SEC transfectants with C1-INH-PI showed a medium level of expression of these molecules. The C1-INH levels were significantly reduced as a result of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) treatment, suggesting that the molecules were present as the PI-anchor form. Approximately 51.3 x 10(4) and 13.3 x 10(4) molecules of C1-INH-PI blocked human complement-mediated cell lysis by approximately 75% on the CHO cell and by 60-65% on the SEC cell, respectively. In addition, the complement-inhibiting activity of human C1-INH molecules is not homologously restricted.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'CHO Cells', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Membrane', 'Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins', 'Cricetinae', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Epitopes', 'Graft Rejection', 'Humans', 'Immunoblotting', 'Species Specificity', 'Swine', 'Transplantation, Heterologous']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,755,520 | Does blocking the CD28-B7 T-cell costimulatory pathway abrogate the development of obliterative bronchiolitis in a murine heterotopic airway model? | {
"contexts": [
"CTLA4IgG that binds to B7 effectively inhibits the signaling of CD28/B7 pathway and induces antigen-specific T-cell unresponsiveness in vitro and in vivo. We examined whether the development of obliterative bronchiolitis in a murine heterotopic airway transplantation model is T cell dependent and whether CTLA4IgG abrogates the development of obliterative bronchiolitis.",
"Tracheae with main bronchi from C3H/He (H2k), BALB/C (H2d), or C57BL/6 (H2b) mice were transplanted heterotopically into subcutaneous pockets on the backs of BALB/C or BALB/C nu/nu mice on day 0. Recipient mice were untreated or intraperitoneally treated with either CTLA4IgG or human IgG with different time and dose schedules.",
"The development of obliterative bronchiolitis, which leads to luminal obliteration by fibrous tissue in a murine heterotopic airway transplantation model, was T cell dependent and the development of obliterative bronchiolitis was significantly abrogated by the CTLA4IgG treatment. However, the normal ciliated columnar respiratory epithelial cells in allografts were lost and replaced by flattened attenuated epithelial cells even after the CTLA4IgG treatment. We further demonstrated that CTLA4IgG treatment did not result in the induction of donor-specific unresponsiveness."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Abatacept",
"Animals",
"Antigens, CD",
"Antigens, Differentiation",
"B7-1 Antigen",
"Bronchiolitis Obliterans",
"CD28 Antigens",
"CTLA-4 Antigen",
"Humans",
"Immune Tolerance",
"Immunoconjugates",
"Immunoglobulin G",
"Kinetics",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred Strains",
"Postoperative Complications",
"T-Lymphocytes",
"Trachea",
"Transplantation, Heterotopic"
]
} | We demonstrated that the development of obliterative bronchiolitis in a murine heterotopic airway model involves both CD28/B7-dependent and -independent processes. The luminal obliteration by fibrous tissue is clearly CD28/B7 dependent and can be inhibited by CTLA4IgG. The luminal obliteration of allografted trachea by fibrous tissues and the loss of ciliated columnar respiratory epithelial cells represent distinct disease processes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does blocking the CD28-B7 T-cell costimulatory pathway abrogate the development of obliterative bronchiolitis in a murine heterotopic airway model?\nContext: {'contexts': ['CTLA4IgG that binds to B7 effectively inhibits the signaling of CD28/B7 pathway and induces antigen-specific T-cell unresponsiveness in vitro and in vivo. We examined whether the development of obliterative bronchiolitis in a murine heterotopic airway transplantation model is T cell dependent and whether CTLA4IgG abrogates the development of obliterative bronchiolitis.', 'Tracheae with main bronchi from C3H/He (H2k), BALB/C (H2d), or C57BL/6 (H2b) mice were transplanted heterotopically into subcutaneous pockets on the backs of BALB/C or BALB/C nu/nu mice on day 0. Recipient mice were untreated or intraperitoneally treated with either CTLA4IgG or human IgG with different time and dose schedules.', 'The development of obliterative bronchiolitis, which leads to luminal obliteration by fibrous tissue in a murine heterotopic airway transplantation model, was T cell dependent and the development of obliterative bronchiolitis was significantly abrogated by the CTLA4IgG treatment. However, the normal ciliated columnar respiratory epithelial cells in allografts were lost and replaced by flattened attenuated epithelial cells even after the CTLA4IgG treatment. We further demonstrated that CTLA4IgG treatment did not result in the induction of donor-specific unresponsiveness.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Abatacept', 'Animals', 'Antigens, CD', 'Antigens, Differentiation', 'B7-1 Antigen', 'Bronchiolitis Obliterans', 'CD28 Antigens', 'CTLA-4 Antigen', 'Humans', 'Immune Tolerance', 'Immunoconjugates', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Kinetics', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred Strains', 'Postoperative Complications', 'T-Lymphocytes', 'Trachea', 'Transplantation, Heterotopic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,738,282 | Does coating of coverslips with glow-discharged carbon promote cell attachment and spreading probably due to carboxylic groups? | {
"contexts": [
"For high-resolution microscopy, cells have to be analyzed through thin glass coverslips. Therefore, it is necessary to culture cells on coverslips for preservation of cell morphology. We found cell attachment and spreading to be relatively slow processes, even when cells were plated on coated coverslips. This slowness presents a problem, particularly when synchronized cell populations are used.",
"In this paper, we present a method that is based on glow-discharged carbon coating of coverslips which promotes rapid attachment and spreading of cells, enabling rapid analysis of cells after plating. Results obtained with carbon-coated coverslips were compared with those of other types of coating. Two fibroblast lines, an epithelial cell line, and a carcinoma cell line were tested."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Carbon",
"Carboxylic Acids",
"Cell Adhesion",
"Cell Culture Techniques",
"Cell Line",
"Cell Movement",
"Cricetinae",
"Cricetulus",
"Epithelial Cells",
"Fibroblasts",
"Humans",
"Microscopy, Confocal",
"Microscopy, Fluorescence",
"Polystyrenes",
"Rats",
"Tumor Cells, Cultured"
]
} | All cell lines showed a rapid adhesion on carbon-coated coverslips. With fibroblasts we found the carbon coating to be superior to other coatings tested, mainly because the carbon did not influence cell morphology. Using synchronized or irradiated cells produced similar results. The superior performance of carbon coating is probably due to carboxylic groups on the glow-discharged carbon layer. The carbon layer does not interfere with microscopy or immunocytochemical staining procedures. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does coating of coverslips with glow-discharged carbon promote cell attachment and spreading probably due to carboxylic groups?\nContext: {'contexts': ['For high-resolution microscopy, cells have to be analyzed through thin glass coverslips. Therefore, it is necessary to culture cells on coverslips for preservation of cell morphology. We found cell attachment and spreading to be relatively slow processes, even when cells were plated on coated coverslips. This slowness presents a problem, particularly when synchronized cell populations are used.', 'In this paper, we present a method that is based on glow-discharged carbon coating of coverslips which promotes rapid attachment and spreading of cells, enabling rapid analysis of cells after plating. Results obtained with carbon-coated coverslips were compared with those of other types of coating. Two fibroblast lines, an epithelial cell line, and a carcinoma cell line were tested.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Carbon', 'Carboxylic Acids', 'Cell Adhesion', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Line', 'Cell Movement', 'Cricetinae', 'Cricetulus', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Fibroblasts', 'Humans', 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'Microscopy, Fluorescence', 'Polystyrenes', 'Rats', 'Tumor Cells, Cultured']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,748,874 | Do k-ras mutations appear in the premalignant phase of both microsatellite stable and unstable endometrial carcinogenesis? | {
"contexts": [
"Sequential events of endometrial tumorigenesis can be studied by comparison of genetic lesions seen in normal, premalignant, and malignant tissues. The distribution of k-ras mutations in microsatellite stable and unstable premalignant lesions was studied to determine whether this gene is implicated in both tumorigenic pathways.",
"K-ras mutations were analysed by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and direct sequencing in matched endometrial normal, premalignant (atypical hyperplasias), and adenocarcinoma tissues from individual patients. Identification of precancers solely by their appearance as atypical endometrial hyperplasias is very subjective; therefore, in addition to histopathological assessment, we performed molecular testing (non-random X inactivation or clonal altered microsatellites) for an expected feature of precancers--that is, monoclonality.",
"Equivalent K-ras mutation frequencies were seen in microsatellite stable (six of 33) and unstable (three of 23) cancers. In both types, K-ras mutation in monoclonal precancers usually corresponded to a change from normal to an equivocal (two of 12) or hyperplastic (10 of 12) histology. Divergent K-ras genotypes among multiple neoplastic tissues of individual patients (two of six patients) are exceptions explained either by multicentric premalignant disease, or acquisition of K-ras mutation late in neoplastic progression."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adenocarcinoma",
"Cell Transformation, Neoplastic",
"DNA Mutational Analysis",
"DNA, Neoplasm",
"Endometrial Hyperplasia",
"Endometrial Neoplasms",
"Female",
"Genes, ras",
"Humans",
"Microsatellite Repeats",
"Mutation",
"Precancerous Conditions"
]
} | K-ras mutation occurs in both premalignant microsatellite stable and unstable endometrial neoplasia, sometimes before acquisition of features readily diagnostic as atypical endometrial hyperplasia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do k-ras mutations appear in the premalignant phase of both microsatellite stable and unstable endometrial carcinogenesis?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Sequential events of endometrial tumorigenesis can be studied by comparison of genetic lesions seen in normal, premalignant, and malignant tissues. The distribution of k-ras mutations in microsatellite stable and unstable premalignant lesions was studied to determine whether this gene is implicated in both tumorigenic pathways.', 'K-ras mutations were analysed by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) and direct sequencing in matched endometrial normal, premalignant (atypical hyperplasias), and adenocarcinoma tissues from individual patients. Identification of precancers solely by their appearance as atypical endometrial hyperplasias is very subjective; therefore, in addition to histopathological assessment, we performed molecular testing (non-random X inactivation or clonal altered microsatellites) for an expected feature of precancers--that is, monoclonality.', 'Equivalent K-ras mutation frequencies were seen in microsatellite stable (six of 33) and unstable (three of 23) cancers. In both types, K-ras mutation in monoclonal precancers usually corresponded to a change from normal to an equivocal (two of 12) or hyperplastic (10 of 12) histology. Divergent K-ras genotypes among multiple neoplastic tissues of individual patients (two of six patients) are exceptions explained either by multicentric premalignant disease, or acquisition of K-ras mutation late in neoplastic progression.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adenocarcinoma', 'Cell Transformation, Neoplastic', 'DNA Mutational Analysis', 'DNA, Neoplasm', 'Endometrial Hyperplasia', 'Endometrial Neoplasms', 'Female', 'Genes, ras', 'Humans', 'Microsatellite Repeats', 'Mutation', 'Precancerous Conditions']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,738,567 | Does naked plasmid-mediated gene transfer to skeletal muscle ameliorate diabetes mellitus? | {
"contexts": [
"The ability of tissues to take up naked plasmid DNA in vivo suggests an approach for reconstituting systemic metabolic deficiencies without the disadvantages of viral vectors and lipid-DNA complexes. Plasmid-mediated gene transfer into skeletal muscle was investigated as a means of providing a therapeutic source of insulin.",
"Four plasmid constructs, each bearing a mouse furin cDNA transgene and rat proinsulin cDNA (modified for processing by furin) driven by four different promoters were injected into the calf muscles of male Balb/c mice. Insulin and C-peptide concentrations were measured by radio-immunoassays having minimal crossreactivity for proinsulin and partially processed proinsulin.",
"Intramuscular insulin concentrations increased by up to 3.6-fold over controls seven days after single injections of CMV, beta-actin, hsp70 and myoglobin promoter constructs. The optimal dose for most constructs was 100 micrograms plasmid DNA. Intramuscular plasmid injection into streptozotocin-induced diabetic Balb/c mice raised plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations, and reduced hyperglycaemia. Two injections (100 micrograms plasmid DNA each) caused higher plasma insulin concentrations and significantly reduced hyperglycemia in diabetic mice than a single injection. Best results were obtained when plasmid injections preceded induction of diabetes by 14 days."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Blood Glucose",
"Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental",
"Gene Transfer Techniques",
"Genetic Therapy",
"Insulin",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred BALB C",
"Muscle, Skeletal",
"Plasmids",
"Proinsulin",
"Rats"
]
} | Skeletal muscle is a potentially useful platform for ectopic secretion of insulin using naked plasmid as a gene transfer vector. Injection at two sites 14 days before the onset of severe hyperglycemia is optimal. This approach could protect Type I diabetics from fatal ketoacidosis and enhance the action of agents that sensitize tissues to insulin in type II diabetes. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does naked plasmid-mediated gene transfer to skeletal muscle ameliorate diabetes mellitus?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The ability of tissues to take up naked plasmid DNA in vivo suggests an approach for reconstituting systemic metabolic deficiencies without the disadvantages of viral vectors and lipid-DNA complexes. Plasmid-mediated gene transfer into skeletal muscle was investigated as a means of providing a therapeutic source of insulin.', 'Four plasmid constructs, each bearing a mouse furin cDNA transgene and rat proinsulin cDNA (modified for processing by furin) driven by four different promoters were injected into the calf muscles of male Balb/c mice. Insulin and C-peptide concentrations were measured by radio-immunoassays having minimal crossreactivity for proinsulin and partially processed proinsulin.', 'Intramuscular insulin concentrations increased by up to 3.6-fold over controls seven days after single injections of CMV, beta-actin, hsp70 and myoglobin promoter constructs. The optimal dose for most constructs was 100 micrograms plasmid DNA. Intramuscular plasmid injection into streptozotocin-induced diabetic Balb/c mice raised plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations, and reduced hyperglycaemia. Two injections (100 micrograms plasmid DNA each) caused higher plasma insulin concentrations and significantly reduced hyperglycemia in diabetic mice than a single injection. Best results were obtained when plasmid injections preceded induction of diabetes by 14 days.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Blood Glucose', 'Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Insulin', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred BALB C', 'Muscle, Skeletal', 'Plasmids', 'Proinsulin', 'Rats']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,729,784 | Do athymic nude rats develop severe pulmonary hypertension following monocrotaline administration? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the significance of the presence or absence of the thymus in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) following monocrotaline (MCT) administration, the degree of MCT-induced PH (MCT-PH) in athymic nude (F344/N Jcl-rnu) rats was compared with that in their euthymic (rnu/+) littermates.",
"Histopathological studies of the lung in terms of interstitial edema, congestion, thickening of the alveolar wall, inflammatory cell infiltration and degeneration of arteries were performed by staining with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), elastin van Gieson and Masson's trichrome. The medial wall thickness of the small pulmonary arteries and the weight ratio of the right ventricular free wall (RV) to that of the left ventricle plus septum [RV/(LV + S) weight ratio] were used as indices of the degree of PH. Toluidine blue staining was performed to estimate the number of the mast cells in the lung interstitium.",
"Interstitial edema was significantly severer in MCT- injected euthymic rats than in MCT-injected athymic nude rats (p < 0.01); in contrast, the thickening of the alveolar wall was severer in MCT-injected athymic nude rats than in MCT-injected euthymic rats (p < 0.05). The degree of MCT-PH, as determined by the medial wall thickness of the small pulmonary arteries and RV/(LV + S) weight ratio in MCT-injected athymic nude rats, was significantly severer than in MCT-injected euthymic rats (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The number of mast cells was significantly greater in MCT-injected athymic nude rats than in MCT-injected euthymic rats (p < 0.01). The degree of the medial wall thickness of the small pulmonary arteries was significantly correlated with RV/(LV + S) weight ratio (p < 0.05) as well as with the number of mast cells in MCT-injected rats."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Hypertension, Pulmonary",
"Injections, Subcutaneous",
"Lung",
"Male",
"Mast Cells",
"Monocrotaline",
"Pulmonary Artery",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred F344",
"Rats, Nude",
"Thymus Gland"
]
} | Athymic nude rats developed severer PH than euthymic rats along with a greater number of mast cells and severer histopathological changes, such as thickening of the alveolar wall. Mast cell proliferation was considered to play a pivotal role in the development of PH in MCT-PH. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do athymic nude rats develop severe pulmonary hypertension following monocrotaline administration?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To investigate the significance of the presence or absence of the thymus in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) following monocrotaline (MCT) administration, the degree of MCT-induced PH (MCT-PH) in athymic nude (F344/N Jcl-rnu) rats was compared with that in their euthymic (rnu/+) littermates.', \"Histopathological studies of the lung in terms of interstitial edema, congestion, thickening of the alveolar wall, inflammatory cell infiltration and degeneration of arteries were performed by staining with hematoxylin-eosin (HE), elastin van Gieson and Masson's trichrome. The medial wall thickness of the small pulmonary arteries and the weight ratio of the right ventricular free wall (RV) to that of the left ventricle plus septum [RV/(LV + S) weight ratio] were used as indices of the degree of PH. Toluidine blue staining was performed to estimate the number of the mast cells in the lung interstitium.\", 'Interstitial edema was significantly severer in MCT- injected euthymic rats than in MCT-injected athymic nude rats (p < 0.01); in contrast, the thickening of the alveolar wall was severer in MCT-injected athymic nude rats than in MCT-injected euthymic rats (p < 0.05). The degree of MCT-PH, as determined by the medial wall thickness of the small pulmonary arteries and RV/(LV + S) weight ratio in MCT-injected athymic nude rats, was significantly severer than in MCT-injected euthymic rats (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). The number of mast cells was significantly greater in MCT-injected athymic nude rats than in MCT-injected euthymic rats (p < 0.01). The degree of the medial wall thickness of the small pulmonary arteries was significantly correlated with RV/(LV + S) weight ratio (p < 0.05) as well as with the number of mast cells in MCT-injected rats.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Hypertension, Pulmonary', 'Injections, Subcutaneous', 'Lung', 'Male', 'Mast Cells', 'Monocrotaline', 'Pulmonary Artery', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred F344', 'Rats, Nude', 'Thymus Gland']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,753,019 | Do allergens of Epicoccum nigrum grown in different media for quality source material? | {
"contexts": [
"The Epicoccum nigrum (EN) extract used in allergy disorders exhibits batch-to-batch variations in protein composition and allergenic potency. In this study, the allergens of EN grown in different media were investigated.",
"EN was grown in five different nutrient media as stationary cultures at 25 degrees C for 5-23 days. The growth pattern was characterized by measuring dry weight, protein and carbohydrate content. The antigenic and allergenic content of EN extract was evaluated with EN-positive patients' sera and antibodies raised in rabbit.",
"The growth of EN in Czapeck Dox medium yielded insufficient material, while Sabouraud's broth with yeast extract (SBY) gave maximum spore-mycelial mass and protein content. Potato dextrose broth (PDB) and potato dextrose agar (PDA) showed higher dry weight and protein in 7-9-day cultures. SDS-PAGE resolved 26, 22, and 21 protein bands in EN extracts from cultures of day-13 SBY, day-7 PDB, and day-9 PDA, respectively. IgE/IgG immunoblots showed more allergenic (25)/antigenic (25) bands in EN cultured in SBY than in the others. Specific IgE ELISA and intradermal tests showed EN extract from day-13 culture in SBY to be the most potent."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Allergens",
"Animals",
"Carbohydrates",
"Culture Media",
"Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel",
"Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay",
"Fungal Proteins",
"Humans",
"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration",
"Immunoblotting",
"Immunoglobulin E",
"Immunoglobulin G",
"Intradermal Tests",
"Mitosporic Fungi",
"Rabbits",
"Respiratory Hypersensitivity"
]
} | The day-13 culture of EN in SBY was the most potent and may be selected for preparing EN extracts for diagnosis of allergy and future studies. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do allergens of Epicoccum nigrum grown in different media for quality source material?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The Epicoccum nigrum (EN) extract used in allergy disorders exhibits batch-to-batch variations in protein composition and allergenic potency. In this study, the allergens of EN grown in different media were investigated.', \"EN was grown in five different nutrient media as stationary cultures at 25 degrees C for 5-23 days. The growth pattern was characterized by measuring dry weight, protein and carbohydrate content. The antigenic and allergenic content of EN extract was evaluated with EN-positive patients' sera and antibodies raised in rabbit.\", \"The growth of EN in Czapeck Dox medium yielded insufficient material, while Sabouraud's broth with yeast extract (SBY) gave maximum spore-mycelial mass and protein content. Potato dextrose broth (PDB) and potato dextrose agar (PDA) showed higher dry weight and protein in 7-9-day cultures. SDS-PAGE resolved 26, 22, and 21 protein bands in EN extracts from cultures of day-13 SBY, day-7 PDB, and day-9 PDA, respectively. IgE/IgG immunoblots showed more allergenic (25)/antigenic (25) bands in EN cultured in SBY than in the others. Specific IgE ELISA and intradermal tests showed EN extract from day-13 culture in SBY to be the most potent.\"], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Allergens', 'Animals', 'Carbohydrates', 'Culture Media', 'Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel', 'Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay', 'Fungal Proteins', 'Humans', 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'Immunoblotting', 'Immunoglobulin E', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Intradermal Tests', 'Mitosporic Fungi', 'Rabbits', 'Respiratory Hypersensitivity']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,727,921 | Do event-related brain potentials distinguish processing stages involved in face perception and recognition? | {
"contexts": [
"An event-related brain potential (ERP) study investigated how different processing stages involved in face identification are reflected by ERP modulations, and how stimulus repetitions and attentional set influence such effects.",
"ERPs were recorded in response to photographs of familiar faces, unfamiliar faces, and houses. In Part I, participants had to detect infrequently presented targets (hands), in Part II, attention was either directed towards or away from the pictorial stimuli.",
"The face-specific N170 component elicited maximally at lateral temporal electrodes was not affected by face familiarity. When compared with unfamiliar faces, familiar faces elicited an enhanced negativity between 300 and 500 ms ('N400f') which was followed by an enhanced positivity beyond 500 ms post-stimulus ('P600f'). In contrast to the 'classical' N400, these effects were parietocentrally distributed. They were attenuated, but still reliable, for repeated presentations of familiar faces. When attention was directed to another demanding task, no 'N400f' was elicited, but the 'P600f' effect remained to be present."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Attention",
"Discrimination Learning",
"Evoked Potentials, Visual",
"Face",
"Female",
"Head Injuries, Closed",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Pattern Recognition, Visual",
"Prosopagnosia",
"Psychomotor Performance",
"Reaction Time"
]
} | While the N170 reflects the pre-categorical structural encoding of faces, the 'N400f' and 'P600f' are likely to indicate subsequent processes involved in face recognition. Impaired structural encoding can result in the disruption of face identification. This is illustrated by a neuropsychological case study, demonstrating the absence of the N170 and later ERP indicators of face recognition in a prosopagnosic patient. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do event-related brain potentials distinguish processing stages involved in face perception and recognition?\nContext: {'contexts': ['An event-related brain potential (ERP) study investigated how different processing stages involved in face identification are reflected by ERP modulations, and how stimulus repetitions and attentional set influence such effects.', 'ERPs were recorded in response to photographs of familiar faces, unfamiliar faces, and houses. In Part I, participants had to detect infrequently presented targets (hands), in Part II, attention was either directed towards or away from the pictorial stimuli.', \"The face-specific N170 component elicited maximally at lateral temporal electrodes was not affected by face familiarity. When compared with unfamiliar faces, familiar faces elicited an enhanced negativity between 300 and 500 ms ('N400f') which was followed by an enhanced positivity beyond 500 ms post-stimulus ('P600f'). In contrast to the 'classical' N400, these effects were parietocentrally distributed. They were attenuated, but still reliable, for repeated presentations of familiar faces. When attention was directed to another demanding task, no 'N400f' was elicited, but the 'P600f' effect remained to be present.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Attention', 'Discrimination Learning', 'Evoked Potentials, Visual', 'Face', 'Female', 'Head Injuries, Closed', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pattern Recognition, Visual', 'Prosopagnosia', 'Psychomotor Performance', 'Reaction Time']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,727,925 | Are spinally elicited peripheral nerve responses sensory rather than motor? | {
"contexts": [
"Spinally elicited peripheral nerve responses, commonly called neurogenic motor evoked potentials (NMEPs), are widely used to monitor spinal cord motor function during surgery. However, numerous evidence suggests that these responses are primarily sensory rather than motor. The collision technique was utilized to address this issue.",
"Collision studies were performed in 7 patients during surgery. An ascending volley of sensory (AS) and motor activity (AM) was elicited by posterior tibial nerve stimulation at the popliteal fossa. After a short time delay, high cervical spinal stimulation produced a descending volley of sensory (DS) and motor (DM) activity. The AM volley ascended only to the anterior horn cells whereas the AS and DS volleys collided in the spinal cord. The inter-stimulus delays were varied so as to affect the degree of spinal cord collision. The DS and DM activity which remained after collision was recorded from the posterior tibial nerves at the ankle.",
"Inter-stimulus delays of 18 ms or less resulted in no apparent peripheral descending volleys. These findings were consistent for all the patients studied."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Child",
"Electric Stimulation",
"Evoked Potentials, Motor",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Monitoring, Intraoperative",
"Motor Neurons",
"Neurons, Afferent",
"Scoliosis",
"Spinal Cord"
]
} | Spinally elicited peripheral nerve responses are primarily sensory rather than motor and are mediated by the same neural pathways as SEPs. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are spinally elicited peripheral nerve responses sensory rather than motor?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Spinally elicited peripheral nerve responses, commonly called neurogenic motor evoked potentials (NMEPs), are widely used to monitor spinal cord motor function during surgery. However, numerous evidence suggests that these responses are primarily sensory rather than motor. The collision technique was utilized to address this issue.', 'Collision studies were performed in 7 patients during surgery. An ascending volley of sensory (AS) and motor activity (AM) was elicited by posterior tibial nerve stimulation at the popliteal fossa. After a short time delay, high cervical spinal stimulation produced a descending volley of sensory (DS) and motor (DM) activity. The AM volley ascended only to the anterior horn cells whereas the AS and DS volleys collided in the spinal cord. The inter-stimulus delays were varied so as to affect the degree of spinal cord collision. The DS and DM activity which remained after collision was recorded from the posterior tibial nerves at the ankle.', 'Inter-stimulus delays of 18 ms or less resulted in no apparent peripheral descending volleys. These findings were consistent for all the patients studied.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Child', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Evoked Potentials, Motor', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Monitoring, Intraoperative', 'Motor Neurons', 'Neurons, Afferent', 'Scoliosis', 'Spinal Cord']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,746,133 | Do scanning laser densitometry and color perimetry demonstrate reduced photopigment density and sensitivity in two patients with retinal degeneration? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the feasibility of scanning laser densitometry with a modified Rodenstock scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) to measure the rod and cone photopigment distribution in patients with retinal diseases.",
"Scanning laser densitometry was performed using a modified Rodenstock scanning laser ophthalmoscope. The distribution of the photopigments was calculated from dark adapted and bleached images taken with the 514 nm laser of the SLO. This wavelength is absorbed by rod and cone photopigments. Discrimination is possible due to their different spatial distribution. Additionally, to measure retinal sensitivity profiles, dark adapted two color static perimetry with a Tübinger manual perimeter was performed along the horizontal meridian with 1 degree spacing.",
"A patient with retinitis pigmentosa had slightly reduced photopigment density within the central +/- 5 degrees but no detectable photopigment for eccentricities beyond 5 degrees. A patient with cone dystrophy had nearly normal pigment density beyond +/- 5 degrees, but considerably reduced photopigment density within the central +/- 5 degrees. Within the central +/- 5 degrees, the patient with retinitis pigmentosa had normal sensitivity for the red stimulus and reduced sensitivity for the green stimulus. There was no measurable function beyond 7 degrees. The patient with cone dystrophy had normal sensitivity for the green stimulus outside the foveal center and reduced sensitivity for the red stimulus at the foveal center. The results of color perimetry for this patient with a central scotoma were probably influenced by eccentric fixation."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Densitometry",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lasers",
"Middle Aged",
"Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells",
"Retinal Degeneration",
"Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells",
"Retinitis Pigmentosa",
"Visual Field Tests"
]
} | Scanning laser densitometry with a modified Rodenstock SLO is a useful method to assess the human photopigment distribution. Densitometry results were confirmed by dark adapted two color static perimetry. Photopigment distribution and retinal sensitivity profiles can be measured with high spatial resolution. This may help to measure exactly the temporal development of retinal diseases and to test the success of different therapeutic treatments. Both methods have limitations at the present state of development. However, some of these limitations can be overcome by further improving the instruments. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do scanning laser densitometry and color perimetry demonstrate reduced photopigment density and sensitivity in two patients with retinal degeneration?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To test the feasibility of scanning laser densitometry with a modified Rodenstock scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) to measure the rod and cone photopigment distribution in patients with retinal diseases.', 'Scanning laser densitometry was performed using a modified Rodenstock scanning laser ophthalmoscope. The distribution of the photopigments was calculated from dark adapted and bleached images taken with the 514 nm laser of the SLO. This wavelength is absorbed by rod and cone photopigments. Discrimination is possible due to their different spatial distribution. Additionally, to measure retinal sensitivity profiles, dark adapted two color static perimetry with a Tübinger manual perimeter was performed along the horizontal meridian with 1 degree spacing.', 'A patient with retinitis pigmentosa had slightly reduced photopigment density within the central +/- 5 degrees but no detectable photopigment for eccentricities beyond 5 degrees. A patient with cone dystrophy had nearly normal pigment density beyond +/- 5 degrees, but considerably reduced photopigment density within the central +/- 5 degrees. Within the central +/- 5 degrees, the patient with retinitis pigmentosa had normal sensitivity for the red stimulus and reduced sensitivity for the green stimulus. There was no measurable function beyond 7 degrees. The patient with cone dystrophy had normal sensitivity for the green stimulus outside the foveal center and reduced sensitivity for the red stimulus at the foveal center. The results of color perimetry for this patient with a central scotoma were probably influenced by eccentric fixation.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Densitometry', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lasers', 'Middle Aged', 'Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells', 'Retinal Degeneration', 'Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells', 'Retinitis Pigmentosa', 'Visual Field Tests']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,751,297 | Does anterior lumbar fusion improve discogenic pain at levels of prior posterolateral fusion? | {
"contexts": [
"A descriptive case review.",
"To assess the outcomes of anterior lumbar interbody fusion for painful discs within a solid posterolateral spinal fusion.",
"Some patients continue to have pain after posterolateral spinal fusion despite apparently solid arthrodesis. One potential etiology is pain that arises from a disc within the fused levels.",
"Retrospective review of 176 patients with anterior interbody fusion, which located 20 who had anterior interbody fusion levels of prior posterolateral spinal fusion. All had low back pain, solid posterolateral spinal fusion, and painful disc(s) at the posterolateral spinal fusion level(s) but not elsewhere. Pain was measured by the Numerical Rating Scale, function by Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, and patient satisfaction by the North American Spine Society Outcome Questionnaire.",
"Follow-up data were available for 18 patients (90%). Mean follow-up was 58 months (25 to 102). There were 10 men and 8 women. Mean age was 45 years (26 to 72). Diagnoses were degenerative discs, herniated nucleus pulposus, spondylolisthesis, and spinal stenosis. Eight patients had injuries after the previous posterolateral spinal fusion that precipitated new symptoms. Two patients had one level fusion, 14 had two levels, and 1 each had three and four levels. Four patients had one prior surgery, 5 had two, and 9 had three or more. All patients had solid anterior interbody fusion by radiograph. Mean Numerical Rating Scale improved from 7.9 before surgery to 4.7 after (P< 0.001). Mean Oswestry Disability Questionnaire improved from 56.3 before surgery to 47.9 after (P = 0.04). Of 15 patients unable to work before anterior interbody fusion, 5 returned to work. Sixteen patients (89%) were satisfied with their results."
],
"labels": [
"METHODS",
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Disability Evaluation",
"Female",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Humans",
"Intervertebral Disc Displacement",
"Lumbar Vertebrae",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Pain Measurement",
"Patient Satisfaction",
"Recurrence",
"Reoperation",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Spinal Fusion",
"Time Factors"
]
} | Low back pain that continues or recurs after apparently solid posterolateral spinal fusion may be caused by painful disc(s) at motion segment(s) within the fusion. A solid posterolateral spinal fusion may not protect the residual disc(s) from injury. Anterior interbody fusion can provide significant improvements in pain and function and a high degree of patient satisfaction in this clinical setting. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does anterior lumbar fusion improve discogenic pain at levels of prior posterolateral fusion?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A descriptive case review.', 'To assess the outcomes of anterior lumbar interbody fusion for painful discs within a solid posterolateral spinal fusion.', 'Some patients continue to have pain after posterolateral spinal fusion despite apparently solid arthrodesis. One potential etiology is pain that arises from a disc within the fused levels.', 'Retrospective review of 176 patients with anterior interbody fusion, which located 20 who had anterior interbody fusion levels of prior posterolateral spinal fusion. All had low back pain, solid posterolateral spinal fusion, and painful disc(s) at the posterolateral spinal fusion level(s) but not elsewhere. Pain was measured by the Numerical Rating Scale, function by Oswestry Disability Questionnaire, and patient satisfaction by the North American Spine Society Outcome Questionnaire.', 'Follow-up data were available for 18 patients (90%). Mean follow-up was 58 months (25 to 102). There were 10 men and 8 women. Mean age was 45 years (26 to 72). Diagnoses were degenerative discs, herniated nucleus pulposus, spondylolisthesis, and spinal stenosis. Eight patients had injuries after the previous posterolateral spinal fusion that precipitated new symptoms. Two patients had one level fusion, 14 had two levels, and 1 each had three and four levels. Four patients had one prior surgery, 5 had two, and 9 had three or more. All patients had solid anterior interbody fusion by radiograph. Mean Numerical Rating Scale improved from 7.9 before surgery to 4.7 after (P< 0.001). Mean Oswestry Disability Questionnaire improved from 56.3 before surgery to 47.9 after (P = 0.04). Of 15 patients unable to work before anterior interbody fusion, 5 returned to work. Sixteen patients (89%) were satisfied with their results.'], 'labels': ['METHODS', 'OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Disability Evaluation', 'Female', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Humans', 'Intervertebral Disc Displacement', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Pain Measurement', 'Patient Satisfaction', 'Recurrence', 'Reoperation', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Spinal Fusion', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,751,296 | Does sudden and unexpected loading generate high forces on the lumbar spine? | {
"contexts": [
"A cross-sectional study of spinal loading in healthy volunteers.",
"To measure the bending and compressive forces acting on the lumbar spine, in a range of postures, when unknown loads are delivered unexpectedly to the hands.",
"Epidemiologic studies suggest that sudden and unexpected loading events often lead to back injuries. Such incidents have been shown to increase back muscle activity, but their effects on the compressive force and bending moment acting on the spine have not been fully quantified. Furthermore, previous investigations have focused on the upright posture only.",
"In this study, 12 volunteers each stood on a force plate while weights of 0, 2, 4, and 6 kg (for men, 40% less for women) were delivered into their hands in one of three ways: 1) by the volunteer holding an empty box with handles, into which an unknown weight was dropped; 2) by the same way as in 1, but with volunteer wearing a blindfold and earphones to eliminate sensory cues; or 3) by the volunteer sliding a box of unknown weight off a smooth table. Experiments were carried out with participants standing in upright, partially flexed, and moderately flexed postures. Spinal compression resulting from muscular activity was quantified using electromyographic signals recorded from the back and abdominal muscles. The axial inertial force acting up the long axis of the spine was calculated from the vertical ground reaction force. The bending moment acting on the osteoligamentous spine was quantified by comparing measurements of lumbar curvature with the bending stiffness properties of cadaveric lumbar spines.",
"The contribution from abdominal muscle contraction to overall spinal compression was small (average, 8%), as was the axial inertial force (average, 2.5%), and both were highest in the upright posture. Peak bending moments were higher in flexed postures, but did not increase much at the moment of load delivery in any posture. Peak spinal compressive forces were increased by 30% to 70% when loads were suddenly and unexpectedly dropped into the box, and by 20% to 30% when they were slid off the table, as compared with loads simply held statically in the same posture (P < 0.001). The removal of audiovisual cues had little effect."
],
"labels": [
"METHODS",
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Abdominal Muscles",
"Adult",
"Cross-Sectional Studies",
"Electromyography",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Lumbar Vertebrae",
"Male",
"Posture",
"Stress, Mechanical",
"Weight-Bearing"
]
} | Sudden and alarming events associated with manual handling cause a reflex overreaction of the back muscles, which substantially increases spine compressive loading. Manual handling regulations should aim to prevent such events and limit the weight of objects to be lifted. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does sudden and unexpected loading generate high forces on the lumbar spine?\nContext: {'contexts': ['A cross-sectional study of spinal loading in healthy volunteers.', 'To measure the bending and compressive forces acting on the lumbar spine, in a range of postures, when unknown loads are delivered unexpectedly to the hands.', 'Epidemiologic studies suggest that sudden and unexpected loading events often lead to back injuries. Such incidents have been shown to increase back muscle activity, but their effects on the compressive force and bending moment acting on the spine have not been fully quantified. Furthermore, previous investigations have focused on the upright posture only.', 'In this study, 12 volunteers each stood on a force plate while weights of 0, 2, 4, and 6 kg (for men, 40% less for women) were delivered into their hands in one of three ways: 1) by the volunteer holding an empty box with handles, into which an unknown weight was dropped; 2) by the same way as in 1, but with volunteer wearing a blindfold and earphones to eliminate sensory cues; or 3) by the volunteer sliding a box of unknown weight off a smooth table. Experiments were carried out with participants standing in upright, partially flexed, and moderately flexed postures. Spinal compression resulting from muscular activity was quantified using electromyographic signals recorded from the back and abdominal muscles. The axial inertial force acting up the long axis of the spine was calculated from the vertical ground reaction force. The bending moment acting on the osteoligamentous spine was quantified by comparing measurements of lumbar curvature with the bending stiffness properties of cadaveric lumbar spines.', 'The contribution from abdominal muscle contraction to overall spinal compression was small (average, 8%), as was the axial inertial force (average, 2.5%), and both were highest in the upright posture. Peak bending moments were higher in flexed postures, but did not increase much at the moment of load delivery in any posture. Peak spinal compressive forces were increased by 30% to 70% when loads were suddenly and unexpectedly dropped into the box, and by 20% to 30% when they were slid off the table, as compared with loads simply held statically in the same posture (P < 0.001). The removal of audiovisual cues had little effect.'], 'labels': ['METHODS', 'OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Abdominal Muscles', 'Adult', 'Cross-Sectional Studies', 'Electromyography', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Lumbar Vertebrae', 'Male', 'Posture', 'Stress, Mechanical', 'Weight-Bearing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,752,544 | Does glucose uptake increase relative to oxygen consumption during short-term hibernation? | {
"contexts": [
"Although glucose uptake is increased in chronically hypoperfused, viable myocardium, the dynamic changes in glucose uptake relative to oxygen consumption in \"short-term\" models of hibernation have not been fully explored.",
"14 anesthetized swine were instrumented with an hydraulic occluder and flow probe on the proximal LAD artery. Blood flow was reduced approximately 30% for 1 hour. Myocardial blood flow and uptake of oxygen, free fatty acids, glucose and lactate were determined in the LAD region at baseline and at 10, 30, and 60 minutes of ischemia. Transmural biopsies for ATP and creatine phosphate (CP) were obtained in the LAD region prior to and at 15 and 45 minutes of ischemia. In 5 animals, glycogen was assayed at baseline and at the end of 60 minutes of ischemia.",
"In the LAD region, myocardial oxygen consumption was reduced from 2.06 +/- 0.16 micromol/min/gram to 1.46 +/- 0.13 micromol/min/gram (P < 0.05). By 15 minutes of ischemia, transmural creatine phosphate fell from 7.48 +/- 0.76 micromol/g-wet weight at baseline to 6.19 +/- 0.32 micromol/g-wet weight (P < 0.05) but normalized by 45 minutes of ischemia (7.39 +/- 0.56 micromol/g-wet weight; NS). Between 10 and 60 minutes of constant flow reduction, glucose uptake as a percentage of MVO2 increased from 3 +/- 2% to 10 +/- 2% (P < 0.05) while lactate uptake increased from -9 +/- 9% to -1 +/- 2% (P < 0.05). Glycogen decreased from 27.8 +/- 3.7 at baseline to 16.9 +/- 1.2 micromol/g-wet weight at end-ischemia."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Energy Metabolism",
"Female",
"Glucose",
"Hibernation",
"Male",
"Oxygen Consumption",
"Swine",
"Time Factors"
]
} | In this model of short-term hibernation, glucose and lactate uptake increase relative to oxygen consumption during sustained ischemia, and temporally coincide with the recovery of bioenergetics. The findings are consistent with the notion that glycolytically derived ATP is important for the maintainance of energy supply during sustained ischemia. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does glucose uptake increase relative to oxygen consumption during short-term hibernation?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Although glucose uptake is increased in chronically hypoperfused, viable myocardium, the dynamic changes in glucose uptake relative to oxygen consumption in \"short-term\" models of hibernation have not been fully explored.', '14 anesthetized swine were instrumented with an hydraulic occluder and flow probe on the proximal LAD artery. Blood flow was reduced approximately 30% for 1 hour. Myocardial blood flow and uptake of oxygen, free fatty acids, glucose and lactate were determined in the LAD region at baseline and at 10, 30, and 60 minutes of ischemia. Transmural biopsies for ATP and creatine phosphate (CP) were obtained in the LAD region prior to and at 15 and 45 minutes of ischemia. In 5 animals, glycogen was assayed at baseline and at the end of 60 minutes of ischemia.', 'In the LAD region, myocardial oxygen consumption was reduced from 2.06 +/- 0.16 micromol/min/gram to 1.46 +/- 0.13 micromol/min/gram (P < 0.05). By 15 minutes of ischemia, transmural creatine phosphate fell from 7.48 +/- 0.76 micromol/g-wet weight at baseline to 6.19 +/- 0.32 micromol/g-wet weight (P < 0.05) but normalized by 45 minutes of ischemia (7.39 +/- 0.56 micromol/g-wet weight; NS). Between 10 and 60 minutes of constant flow reduction, glucose uptake as a percentage of MVO2 increased from 3 +/- 2% to 10 +/- 2% (P < 0.05) while lactate uptake increased from -9 +/- 9% to -1 +/- 2% (P < 0.05). Glycogen decreased from 27.8 +/- 3.7 at baseline to 16.9 +/- 1.2 micromol/g-wet weight at end-ischemia.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Energy Metabolism', 'Female', 'Glucose', 'Hibernation', 'Male', 'Oxygen Consumption', 'Swine', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,752,546 | Does histologic evidence that basic fibroblast growth factor enhance the angiogenic effects of transmyocardial laser revascularization? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether addition of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), an angiogenic growth factor, enhances the angiogenic effects of transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR).",
"TMR is an investigational therapy for treating patients with medically refractory angina not amenable to traditional therapies. Histologic and blood flow studies in animals have suggested that TMR enhances angiogenesis above that normally seen in ischemic myocardium. We tested the hypothesis that bFGF administered into TMR channels further enhance the angiogenic effects of TMR.",
"Chronic ischemia was created in 3 groups of dogs using an ameroid constrictor on the proximal LAD. In the bFGF group (n = 5) non-transmyocardial channels were created in the LAD territory and bFGF, (100 ng/ml) dissolved in pluronic gel was injected into the each channel. In the TMR group (n = 7), transmyocardial channels were created without bFGF. A control group (n = 7) had ischemia without TMR of bFGF. 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered to mark proliferating cells. After 8 weeks survival, colored microspheres were injected to assess the regional myocardial blood flow.",
"TMR and TMR+bFGF increased total vascular density by approximately 40% over that observed in the control group. However, the number of large vessels (internal diameter > or = 50 microm) was doubled by the addition of bFGF, and this correlated with a 50% increase in the density of proliferating vascular cells and a tripling of the total estimated vascular cross sectional area. Blood flow to the LAD territory was increased by TMR compared to controls, with no further benefit observed in the bFGF group."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Coronary Circulation",
"Dogs",
"Fibroblast Growth Factor 2",
"Immunohistochemistry",
"Laser Therapy",
"Myocardial Ischemia",
"Myocardial Revascularization",
"Neovascularization, Physiologic"
]
} | On a histologic basis, basic fibroblast growth factor further enhances angiogenesis following TMR in ischemic myocardium mainly by increasing the size but not the total number of vessels. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does histologic evidence that basic fibroblast growth factor enhance the angiogenic effects of transmyocardial laser revascularization?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether addition of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), an angiogenic growth factor, enhances the angiogenic effects of transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR).', 'TMR is an investigational therapy for treating patients with medically refractory angina not amenable to traditional therapies. Histologic and blood flow studies in animals have suggested that TMR enhances angiogenesis above that normally seen in ischemic myocardium. We tested the hypothesis that bFGF administered into TMR channels further enhance the angiogenic effects of TMR.', \"Chronic ischemia was created in 3 groups of dogs using an ameroid constrictor on the proximal LAD. In the bFGF group (n = 5) non-transmyocardial channels were created in the LAD territory and bFGF, (100 ng/ml) dissolved in pluronic gel was injected into the each channel. In the TMR group (n = 7), transmyocardial channels were created without bFGF. A control group (n = 7) had ischemia without TMR of bFGF. 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered to mark proliferating cells. After 8 weeks survival, colored microspheres were injected to assess the regional myocardial blood flow.\", 'TMR and TMR+bFGF increased total vascular density by approximately 40% over that observed in the control group. However, the number of large vessels (internal diameter > or = 50 microm) was doubled by the addition of bFGF, and this correlated with a 50% increase in the density of proliferating vascular cells and a tripling of the total estimated vascular cross sectional area. Blood flow to the LAD territory was increased by TMR compared to controls, with no further benefit observed in the bFGF group.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Coronary Circulation', 'Dogs', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 2', 'Immunohistochemistry', 'Laser Therapy', 'Myocardial Ischemia', 'Myocardial Revascularization', 'Neovascularization, Physiologic']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,731,651 | Is the endogenous pathway a major route for deep sternal wound infection? | {
"contexts": [
"Deep wound infections pose an increasing problem in cardiac surgery patients. Prospective infection monitoring is thus a means of identifying possible risk factors.",
"Within a period of 5 months, a total of 376 adult patients, 260 men and 116 women, with a mean age of 62.6 years (range 18-88), underwent coronary bypass grafting (n=281) or other cardiac surgery procedures (n=95). Nasal cultures were taken preoperatively from every patient, as well as cultures of the wound during surgery and when dressings were changed thereafter. In addition, nasal cultures were taken from all the medical and nursing staff. To differentiate endogenous and exogenous infection pathways, DNA fingerprint analysis was performed.",
"A total of 38 patients (10.1%) developed a wound infection, in 14 patients this happened to be a deep wound infection, in 24 patients a superficial one. Five sternal wound infections were associated with mediastinitis (1.3%). The occurrence of a wound infection overall resulted in prolonged hospitalization (29.4+/-24 vs. 11.9+/-6.9 days, P=0.001), but not in increased hospital mortality (4.4% vs. 3.9%). Obesity, diabetes mellitus and nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus proved to be independent risk factors with an odds ratio of 2.07, 2.26 and 2.28, respectively. In all but one of the sternal colonizations with S. aureus, DNA fingerprint analysis demonstrated an identical pattern of S. aureus from the patient's nose and sternum, indicating an endogenous infection pathway."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Antibiotic Prophylaxis",
"Cardiac Surgical Procedures",
"Coronary Artery Bypass",
"Diabetes Mellitus",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Length of Stay",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Nasal Cavity",
"Obesity",
"Risk Factors",
"Skin",
"Staphylococcal Infections",
"Staphylococcus aureus",
"Sternum",
"Surgical Wound Infection"
]
} | The determination of the endogenous pathway for severe wound infection makes prevention possible by means of preoperative local S. aureus eradication. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is the endogenous pathway a major route for deep sternal wound infection?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Deep wound infections pose an increasing problem in cardiac surgery patients. Prospective infection monitoring is thus a means of identifying possible risk factors.', 'Within a period of 5 months, a total of 376 adult patients, 260 men and 116 women, with a mean age of 62.6 years (range 18-88), underwent coronary bypass grafting (n=281) or other cardiac surgery procedures (n=95). Nasal cultures were taken preoperatively from every patient, as well as cultures of the wound during surgery and when dressings were changed thereafter. In addition, nasal cultures were taken from all the medical and nursing staff. To differentiate endogenous and exogenous infection pathways, DNA fingerprint analysis was performed.', \"A total of 38 patients (10.1%) developed a wound infection, in 14 patients this happened to be a deep wound infection, in 24 patients a superficial one. Five sternal wound infections were associated with mediastinitis (1.3%). The occurrence of a wound infection overall resulted in prolonged hospitalization (29.4+/-24 vs. 11.9+/-6.9 days, P=0.001), but not in increased hospital mortality (4.4% vs. 3.9%). Obesity, diabetes mellitus and nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus proved to be independent risk factors with an odds ratio of 2.07, 2.26 and 2.28, respectively. In all but one of the sternal colonizations with S. aureus, DNA fingerprint analysis demonstrated an identical pattern of S. aureus from the patient's nose and sternum, indicating an endogenous infection pathway.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Antibiotic Prophylaxis', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Coronary Artery Bypass', 'Diabetes Mellitus', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Length of Stay', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nasal Cavity', 'Obesity', 'Risk Factors', 'Skin', 'Staphylococcal Infections', 'Staphylococcus aureus', 'Sternum', 'Surgical Wound Infection']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,731,650 | Does closure of the zone of apposition at correction of complete atrioventricular septal defect improve outcome? | {
"contexts": [
"Outcome after correction of atrioventricular septal defect depends to a great deal on the postoperative function of the left atrioventricular valve. The related role of the zone of apposition ('cleft') has been debated: should it be closed (bileaflet repair) or should it be left untouched (trileaflet repair)? This study aims to answer the question by comparing the outcome of patients treated according to these two approaches.",
"We reviewed all our patients who underwent repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect from 1984 to 1997 and selected those in whom the closure of the zone of apposition in principle would have been possible. Two groups with similar characteristics were constituted: group I (n=63), where the zone of apposition was deliberately not closed as part of a trileaflet repair (postoperative open zone of apposition) and group II (n=96), where it was electively closed as part of a bileaflet AV valve repair (closed zone of apposition). Since we changed from a trileaflet to a bileaflet repair in 1987, the two groups differ in terms of size and length of follow-up. Outcome was compared with regard to survival and freedom from reoperation for left atrioventricular valve incompetence. Late atrioventricular valve function was evaluated by Echo-Doppler. For statistical analysis, we used Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, the Mann-Whitney test and the log-rank test for comparison of Kaplan-Meier curves. The difference was considered statistically significant with a P-value of 0.05 or less.",
"Early mortality was 9.5% (6/63) in group I and 3.1% (3/96) in group II (P=0.16). Actuarial survival after 1, 4 and 8 years was 80.4, 68.4 and 64.8%, respectively, for group I. Actuarial survival for group II was 94.7, 92.1 and 92.1% (P=0.0002). Freedom from reoperation for left atrioventricular valve regurgitation was 90.2, 85.6 and 77.8% for group I at the same time interval. It was a constant 97.9% for group II (P=0.0016). At reoperation, left atrioventricular valve regurgitation was present through the open zone of apposition in 63% of group I cases. The follow-up is 96% (126/131) complete. An increase in degree of left atrioventricular valve incompetence was noted in 28% (11/39) of group I cases and in 9% (8/87) of group II cases (P=0.0131)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Actuarial Analysis",
"Cardiac Surgical Procedures",
"Female",
"Heart Septal Defects, Atrial",
"Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular",
"Heart Valve Diseases",
"Humans",
"Infant",
"Male",
"Postoperative Complications",
"Reoperation",
"Suture Techniques",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | This study demonstrates the advantage of closing the zone of apposition ('cleft') as part of repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect. Survival, freedom from reoperation for left atrioventricular valve incompetence and over-all outcome were more favourable in patients of group II. The zone of apposition should be surgically addressed whenever the morphology of the left atrioventricular valve allows for closure without producing stenosis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does closure of the zone of apposition at correction of complete atrioventricular septal defect improve outcome?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Outcome after correction of atrioventricular septal defect depends to a great deal on the postoperative function of the left atrioventricular valve. The related role of the zone of apposition ('cleft') has been debated: should it be closed (bileaflet repair) or should it be left untouched (trileaflet repair)? This study aims to answer the question by comparing the outcome of patients treated according to these two approaches.\", \"We reviewed all our patients who underwent repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect from 1984 to 1997 and selected those in whom the closure of the zone of apposition in principle would have been possible. Two groups with similar characteristics were constituted: group I (n=63), where the zone of apposition was deliberately not closed as part of a trileaflet repair (postoperative open zone of apposition) and group II (n=96), where it was electively closed as part of a bileaflet AV valve repair (closed zone of apposition). Since we changed from a trileaflet to a bileaflet repair in 1987, the two groups differ in terms of size and length of follow-up. Outcome was compared with regard to survival and freedom from reoperation for left atrioventricular valve incompetence. Late atrioventricular valve function was evaluated by Echo-Doppler. For statistical analysis, we used Chi-square or Fisher's exact test, the Mann-Whitney test and the log-rank test for comparison of Kaplan-Meier curves. The difference was considered statistically significant with a P-value of 0.05 or less.\", 'Early mortality was 9.5% (6/63) in group I and 3.1% (3/96) in group II (P=0.16). Actuarial survival after 1, 4 and 8 years was 80.4, 68.4 and 64.8%, respectively, for group I. Actuarial survival for group II was 94.7, 92.1 and 92.1% (P=0.0002). Freedom from reoperation for left atrioventricular valve regurgitation was 90.2, 85.6 and 77.8% for group I at the same time interval. It was a constant 97.9% for group II (P=0.0016). At reoperation, left atrioventricular valve regurgitation was present through the open zone of apposition in 63% of group I cases. The follow-up is 96% (126/131) complete. An increase in degree of left atrioventricular valve incompetence was noted in 28% (11/39) of group I cases and in 9% (8/87) of group II cases (P=0.0131).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Actuarial Analysis', 'Cardiac Surgical Procedures', 'Female', 'Heart Septal Defects, Atrial', 'Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular', 'Heart Valve Diseases', 'Humans', 'Infant', 'Male', 'Postoperative Complications', 'Reoperation', 'Suture Techniques', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,727,759 | Are normohomocysteinaemia and vitamin-treated hyperhomocysteinaemia associated with similar risks of cardiovascular events in patients with premature atherothrombotic cerebrovascular disease . A prospective cohort study? | {
"contexts": [
"Mild hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHC) is associated with an increased risk of premature atherothrombotic cerebrovascular disease. We investigated the clinical efficacy with regard to the incidence of cardiovascular events of treatment of mild HHC with vitamin B(6) plus folic acid.",
"We studied 224 consecutive patients with clinically manifest atherothrombotic cerebrovascular disease with onset before the age of 56. Follow-up was obtained in 203 (90.6%) patients. At baseline, 52 (25.6%) were hyperhomocysteinaemic after methionine loading and started treatment with vitamin B(6) (250 mg) plus folic acid (5 mg); 151 (74.4%) were normohomocysteinaemic (reference group).",
"During follow-up (median 57 months), 31 (20.5%) of the normo- and 11 (21.2%) of the hyperhomocysteinaemic patients had a new cardiovascular event. The crude incidence rate per person-year for any cardiovascular event was similar in both groups (0.043 [CI, 0.029-0.057] in the normo- vs. 0.045 [CI, 0.021-0. 069] in the hyperhomocysteinaemic group). Multivariate Cox-regression analyses showed that hypertension and cholesterol levels were associated with an increased risk of new cardiovascular events in the total group [relative risk [RR] (yes vs. no), 7.4 (3. 4-16.0) and RR (per 1 mmol/l), 1.9 (CI, 1.4-2.7)]. The adjusted RR for new cardiovascular events in the hyper- as compared to the normohomocysteinaemic patients was 0.96 (CI, 0.48-1.92)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Arteriosclerosis",
"Female",
"Folic Acid",
"Follow-Up Studies",
"Hematinics",
"Humans",
"Hyperhomocysteinemia",
"Ischemic Attack, Transient",
"Male",
"Mass Screening",
"Methionine",
"Middle Aged",
"Proportional Hazards Models",
"Prospective Studies",
"Pyridoxine",
"Risk Assessment",
"Risk Factors",
"Stroke",
"Treatment Outcome"
]
} | These data are consistent with a protective effect of treatment with vitamin B(6) plus folic acid in patients with premature atherothrombotic cerebrovascular disease and post-methionine HHC. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are normohomocysteinaemia and vitamin-treated hyperhomocysteinaemia associated with similar risks of cardiovascular events in patients with premature atherothrombotic cerebrovascular disease . A prospective cohort study?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Mild hyperhomocysteinaemia (HHC) is associated with an increased risk of premature atherothrombotic cerebrovascular disease. We investigated the clinical efficacy with regard to the incidence of cardiovascular events of treatment of mild HHC with vitamin B(6) plus folic acid.', 'We studied 224 consecutive patients with clinically manifest atherothrombotic cerebrovascular disease with onset before the age of 56. Follow-up was obtained in 203 (90.6%) patients. At baseline, 52 (25.6%) were hyperhomocysteinaemic after methionine loading and started treatment with vitamin B(6) (250 mg) plus folic acid (5 mg); 151 (74.4%) were normohomocysteinaemic (reference group).', 'During follow-up (median 57 months), 31 (20.5%) of the normo- and 11 (21.2%) of the hyperhomocysteinaemic patients had a new cardiovascular event. The crude incidence rate per person-year for any cardiovascular event was similar in both groups (0.043 [CI, 0.029-0.057] in the normo- vs. 0.045 [CI, 0.021-0. 069] in the hyperhomocysteinaemic group). Multivariate Cox-regression analyses showed that hypertension and cholesterol levels were associated with an increased risk of new cardiovascular events in the total group [relative risk [RR] (yes vs. no), 7.4 (3. 4-16.0) and RR (per 1 mmol/l), 1.9 (CI, 1.4-2.7)]. The adjusted RR for new cardiovascular events in the hyper- as compared to the normohomocysteinaemic patients was 0.96 (CI, 0.48-1.92).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Arteriosclerosis', 'Female', 'Folic Acid', 'Follow-Up Studies', 'Hematinics', 'Humans', 'Hyperhomocysteinemia', 'Ischemic Attack, Transient', 'Male', 'Mass Screening', 'Methionine', 'Middle Aged', 'Proportional Hazards Models', 'Prospective Studies', 'Pyridoxine', 'Risk Assessment', 'Risk Factors', 'Stroke', 'Treatment Outcome']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,745,049 | Are cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing hormone levels elevated in monkeys with patterns of brain activity associated with fearful temperament? | {
"contexts": [
"Asymmetric patterns of frontal brain activity and brain corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) systems have both been separately implicated in the processing of normal and abnormal emotional responses. Previous studies in rhesus monkeys demonstrated that individuals with extreme right frontal asymmetric brain electrical activity have high levels of trait-like fearful behavior and increased plasma cortisol concentrations.",
"In this study we assessed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CRH concentrations in monkeys with extreme left and extreme right frontal brain electrical activity. CSF was repeatedly collected at 4, 8, 14, 40, and 52 months of age.",
"Monkeys with extreme right frontal brain activity had increased CSF CRH concentrations at all ages measured. In addition, individual differences in CSF CRH concentrations were stable from 4 to 52 months of age."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aging",
"Animals",
"Brain",
"Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone",
"Dominance, Cerebral",
"Electroencephalography",
"Fear",
"Female",
"Frontal Lobe",
"Hydrocortisone",
"Macaca mulatta",
"Male",
"Phenotype",
"Pituitary-Adrenal System",
"Temperament"
]
} | These findings suggest that, in primates, the fearful endophenotype is characterized by increased fearful behavior, a specific pattern of frontal electrical activity, increased pituitary-adrenal activity, and increased activity of brain CRH systems. Data from other preclinical studies suggests that the increased brain CRH activity may underlie the behavioral and physiological characteristics of fearful endophenotype. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing hormone levels elevated in monkeys with patterns of brain activity associated with fearful temperament?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Asymmetric patterns of frontal brain activity and brain corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) systems have both been separately implicated in the processing of normal and abnormal emotional responses. Previous studies in rhesus monkeys demonstrated that individuals with extreme right frontal asymmetric brain electrical activity have high levels of trait-like fearful behavior and increased plasma cortisol concentrations.', 'In this study we assessed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CRH concentrations in monkeys with extreme left and extreme right frontal brain electrical activity. CSF was repeatedly collected at 4, 8, 14, 40, and 52 months of age.', 'Monkeys with extreme right frontal brain activity had increased CSF CRH concentrations at all ages measured. In addition, individual differences in CSF CRH concentrations were stable from 4 to 52 months of age.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aging', 'Animals', 'Brain', 'Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone', 'Dominance, Cerebral', 'Electroencephalography', 'Fear', 'Female', 'Frontal Lobe', 'Hydrocortisone', 'Macaca mulatta', 'Male', 'Phenotype', 'Pituitary-Adrenal System', 'Temperament']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,744,973 | Does phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate induce actin-based movement of raft-enriched vesicles through WASP-Arp2/3? | {
"contexts": [
"Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) has been implicated in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and vesicle trafficking. It stimulates de novo actin polymerization by activating the pathway involving the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) and the actin-related protein complex Arp2/3. Other studies show that actin polymerizes from cholesterol-sphingolipid-rich membrane microdomains called 'rafts', in a manner dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation. Although actin has been implicated in vesicle trafficking, and rafts are sites of active phosphoinositide and tyrosine kinase signaling that mediate apically directed vesicle trafficking, it is not known whether phosphoinositide regulation of actin dynamics occurs in rafts, or if it is linked to vesicle movements.",
"Overexpression of type I phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5KI), which synthesizes PIP(2), promoted actin polymerization from membrane-bound vesicles to form motile actin comets. Pervanadate (PV), a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, induced comets even in the absence of PIP5KI overexpression. PV increased PIP(2) levels, suggesting that it induces comets by changing PIP(2) homeostasis and by increasing tyrosine phosphorylation. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) enhanced PV-induced comet formation, and these stimuli together potentiated the PIP5KI effect. The vesicles at the heads of comets were enriched in PIP5KIs and tyrosine phosphoproteins. WASP-Arp2/3 involvement was established using dominant-negative WASP constructs. Endocytic and exocytic markers identified vesicles enriched in lipid rafts as preferential sites of comet generation. Extraction of cholesterol with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin reduced comets, establishing that rafts promote comet formation."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"3T3 Cells",
"Actin-Related Protein 2",
"Actin-Related Protein 3",
"Actins",
"Animals",
"Cholesterol",
"Cytoskeletal Proteins",
"Gene Expression",
"Humans",
"Mice",
"Nerve Tissue Proteins",
"Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate",
"Phosphorylation",
"Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)",
"Proteins",
"Sphingolipids",
"Tyrosine",
"Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein",
"Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal"
]
} | Sphingolipid-cholesterol rafts are preferred platforms for membrane-linked actin polymerization. This is mediated by in situ PIP(2) synthesis and tyrosine kinase signaling through the WASP-Arp2/3 pathway. Actin comets may provide a novel mechanism for raft-dependent vesicle transport and apical membrane trafficking. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate induce actin-based movement of raft-enriched vesicles through WASP-Arp2/3?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) has been implicated in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and vesicle trafficking. It stimulates de novo actin polymerization by activating the pathway involving the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) and the actin-related protein complex Arp2/3. Other studies show that actin polymerizes from cholesterol-sphingolipid-rich membrane microdomains called 'rafts', in a manner dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation. Although actin has been implicated in vesicle trafficking, and rafts are sites of active phosphoinositide and tyrosine kinase signaling that mediate apically directed vesicle trafficking, it is not known whether phosphoinositide regulation of actin dynamics occurs in rafts, or if it is linked to vesicle movements.\", 'Overexpression of type I phosphatidylinositol phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5KI), which synthesizes PIP(2), promoted actin polymerization from membrane-bound vesicles to form motile actin comets. Pervanadate (PV), a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, induced comets even in the absence of PIP5KI overexpression. PV increased PIP(2) levels, suggesting that it induces comets by changing PIP(2) homeostasis and by increasing tyrosine phosphorylation. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) enhanced PV-induced comet formation, and these stimuli together potentiated the PIP5KI effect. The vesicles at the heads of comets were enriched in PIP5KIs and tyrosine phosphoproteins. WASP-Arp2/3 involvement was established using dominant-negative WASP constructs. Endocytic and exocytic markers identified vesicles enriched in lipid rafts as preferential sites of comet generation. Extraction of cholesterol with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin reduced comets, establishing that rafts promote comet formation.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['3T3 Cells', 'Actin-Related Protein 2', 'Actin-Related Protein 3', 'Actins', 'Animals', 'Cholesterol', 'Cytoskeletal Proteins', 'Gene Expression', 'Humans', 'Mice', 'Nerve Tissue Proteins', 'Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Diphosphate', 'Phosphorylation', 'Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)', 'Proteins', 'Sphingolipids', 'Tyrosine', 'Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein', 'Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein, Neuronal']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,743,818 | Does bone mineral density vary as a function of the rate of joint space narrowing in the hip? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether patients with a rapid rate of joint space narrowing (JSN) in the hip have higher initial bone mineral density (BMD) in the proximal femur and/or lumbar spine than corresponding patients with a slow rate of JSN.",
"Twenty-eight patients undergoing unilateral total hip replacement (THR) for osteoarthritis (OA), but whose contralateral hips were asymptomatic and had minimal or no radiographic OA, were evaluated. The contralateral proximal femur (i.e., non-operated hip) and lumbar spine were scanned by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline (prior to THR) and at 2 years. The rate of JSN was determined by serial longitudinal quantification of the joint spaces over the 2 year period following THR from conventional radiographs, and the patients were divided into a group with a slow rate of JSN (< or = 0.2 mm/yr, n = 20) and a group with a rapid rate of JSN (> 0.2 mm/yr, n = 8).",
"The baseline BMD z and t scores at the femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and lumbar spine of the patients with subsequent rapid rates of JSN were significantly higher than those of patients with slower rates (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the rapid and slow narrowers at the greater trochanter (p > 0.2). Age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, Kellgren- Lawrence scores, and initial joint space width were not significantly different between the 2 groups."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Absorptiometry, Photon",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Analysis of Variance",
"Bone Density",
"Female",
"Hip Joint",
"Humans",
"Longitudinal Studies",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Osteoarthritis"
]
} | Patients with a rapid rate of JSN of the asymptomatic hip after unilateral THR are characterized by elevated local and remote BMD. The local elevation in BMD implies that increased local bone density may contribute to or serve as a marker for increased risk of development of OA (assuming that JSN can be used as a predictive marker). The presence of elevated BMD in the spine suggests that there are systemic as well as local aspects of OA pathogenesis, at least in patients with one THR and rapid JSN in the contralateral hip. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does bone mineral density vary as a function of the rate of joint space narrowing in the hip?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether patients with a rapid rate of joint space narrowing (JSN) in the hip have higher initial bone mineral density (BMD) in the proximal femur and/or lumbar spine than corresponding patients with a slow rate of JSN.', 'Twenty-eight patients undergoing unilateral total hip replacement (THR) for osteoarthritis (OA), but whose contralateral hips were asymptomatic and had minimal or no radiographic OA, were evaluated. The contralateral proximal femur (i.e., non-operated hip) and lumbar spine were scanned by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline (prior to THR) and at 2 years. The rate of JSN was determined by serial longitudinal quantification of the joint spaces over the 2 year period following THR from conventional radiographs, and the patients were divided into a group with a slow rate of JSN (< or = 0.2 mm/yr, n = 20) and a group with a rapid rate of JSN (> 0.2 mm/yr, n = 8).', \"The baseline BMD z and t scores at the femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and lumbar spine of the patients with subsequent rapid rates of JSN were significantly higher than those of patients with slower rates (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the rapid and slow narrowers at the greater trochanter (p > 0.2). Age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, Kellgren- Lawrence scores, and initial joint space width were not significantly different between the 2 groups.\"], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Absorptiometry, Photon', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Analysis of Variance', 'Bone Density', 'Female', 'Hip Joint', 'Humans', 'Longitudinal Studies', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Osteoarthritis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,755,530 | Do increased levels of GALbeta1-4GLCNACalpha2-6 sialyltransferase pretransplant predict delayed graft function in kidney transplant recipients? | {
"contexts": [
"Galbeta1-4GlcNAcalpha2-6 sialyltransferase (ST6GalI) is an acute phase reactant whose release from cells can be induced by proinflammatory cytokines. Because patients with chronic renal failure have high circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines, we hypothesized that patients on the renal transplant waiting list would have high circulating levels of ST6GalI, which might adversely affect post-transplant events.",
"Levels of ST6GalI were measured in the serum of 70 patients immediately before renal transplant; these were correlated with posttransplant events, such as delayed graft function and rejection.",
"The mean serum level of ST6GalI was significantly higher in the patients (3162+/-97 U) than in 19 controls (2569 +/- 125 U; P<0.003). Patients who required dialysis posttransplant for treatment of delayed graft function (n=20) had significantly higher levels of ST6GalI pretransplant (3735+/-228 U) than patients (n=50) who did not require dialysis (2933+/-83 U; P<0.0001). In a multivariate analysis the ST6GalI level and cold ischemic time were found to be independent risk factors for the development of delayed graft function."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Cryopreservation",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Kidney",
"Kidney Transplantation",
"Male",
"Multivariate Analysis",
"Postoperative Care",
"Prognosis",
"Renal Replacement Therapy",
"Risk Factors",
"Sialyltransferases",
"Time Factors"
]
} | ST6GalI levels are high in renal failure patients awaiting a renal transplant and may be a risk factor for the development of delayed graft function. The assessment and perhaps modulation of a potential transplant recipient's ST6GalI systemic level may be beneficial. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do increased levels of GALbeta1-4GLCNACalpha2-6 sialyltransferase pretransplant predict delayed graft function in kidney transplant recipients?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Galbeta1-4GlcNAcalpha2-6 sialyltransferase (ST6GalI) is an acute phase reactant whose release from cells can be induced by proinflammatory cytokines. Because patients with chronic renal failure have high circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines, we hypothesized that patients on the renal transplant waiting list would have high circulating levels of ST6GalI, which might adversely affect post-transplant events.', 'Levels of ST6GalI were measured in the serum of 70 patients immediately before renal transplant; these were correlated with posttransplant events, such as delayed graft function and rejection.', 'The mean serum level of ST6GalI was significantly higher in the patients (3162+/-97 U) than in 19 controls (2569 +/- 125 U; P<0.003). Patients who required dialysis posttransplant for treatment of delayed graft function (n=20) had significantly higher levels of ST6GalI pretransplant (3735+/-228 U) than patients (n=50) who did not require dialysis (2933+/-83 U; P<0.0001). In a multivariate analysis the ST6GalI level and cold ischemic time were found to be independent risk factors for the development of delayed graft function.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Cryopreservation', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Kidney', 'Kidney Transplantation', 'Male', 'Multivariate Analysis', 'Postoperative Care', 'Prognosis', 'Renal Replacement Therapy', 'Risk Factors', 'Sialyltransferases', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,738,582 | Does keratinocyte growth factor induced epithelial proliferation facilitate retroviral-mediated gene transfer to distal lung epithelia in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"Cell proliferation, vector titer and accessibility of target cells represent hurdles for efficient gene transfer to lung epithelia in vivo using recombinant murine leukemia (MuLV)-based retroviruses. We tested the hypothesis that the pulmonary epithelium is susceptible to retroviral-mediated gene transfer when stimulated to proliferate by a mitogen, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF).",
"Rats received keratinocyte growth factor (KGF, 2.5 micrograms/g x 4 doses, two consecutive days) intratracheally followed by high titer amphotropic retrovirus expressing beta-galactosidase. Gene transfer was assessed five days later.",
"KGF stimulated transient proliferation in the bronchiolar and alveolar epithelia (30-40% PCNA positive cells at peak) which decreased to background levels seven days after administration. Gene transfer to epithelia (X-Gal positive cells) occurred more frequently in KGF treated rats, but proliferation exceeded the level of gene transfer. X-gal positive cells were noted in the alveolar epithelium and occasionally in the bronchiolar epithelium. In order to understand the discrepancy between the number of proliferating and transduced cells, primary rat tracheal epithelium cultured at the air-liquid interface was infected from either the apical or basolateral side. Gene transfer was achieved only through basolateral application of vector, suggesting that epithelial polarity represents a barrier to MuLV-based lung gene transfer in vivo."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Cell Division",
"Cell Polarity",
"Epithelial Cells",
"Fibroblast Growth Factor 10",
"Fibroblast Growth Factor 7",
"Fibroblast Growth Factors",
"Gene Transfer Techniques",
"Genetic Vectors",
"Growth Substances",
"Humans",
"Leukemia Virus, Murine",
"Lung",
"Mice",
"Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Receptors, Virus",
"Recombinant Proteins",
"beta-Galactosidase"
]
} | KGF transiently stimulates epithelial proliferation in vivo, facilitating MuLV-based gene transfer. Retroviral vectors may encounter multiple barriers which have evolved to defend the lung from infections. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does keratinocyte growth factor induced epithelial proliferation facilitate retroviral-mediated gene transfer to distal lung epithelia in vivo?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cell proliferation, vector titer and accessibility of target cells represent hurdles for efficient gene transfer to lung epithelia in vivo using recombinant murine leukemia (MuLV)-based retroviruses. We tested the hypothesis that the pulmonary epithelium is susceptible to retroviral-mediated gene transfer when stimulated to proliferate by a mitogen, keratinocyte growth factor (KGF).', 'Rats received keratinocyte growth factor (KGF, 2.5 micrograms/g x 4 doses, two consecutive days) intratracheally followed by high titer amphotropic retrovirus expressing beta-galactosidase. Gene transfer was assessed five days later.', 'KGF stimulated transient proliferation in the bronchiolar and alveolar epithelia (30-40% PCNA positive cells at peak) which decreased to background levels seven days after administration. Gene transfer to epithelia (X-Gal positive cells) occurred more frequently in KGF treated rats, but proliferation exceeded the level of gene transfer. X-gal positive cells were noted in the alveolar epithelium and occasionally in the bronchiolar epithelium. In order to understand the discrepancy between the number of proliferating and transduced cells, primary rat tracheal epithelium cultured at the air-liquid interface was infected from either the apical or basolateral side. Gene transfer was achieved only through basolateral application of vector, suggesting that epithelial polarity represents a barrier to MuLV-based lung gene transfer in vivo.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Cell Division', 'Cell Polarity', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 10', 'Fibroblast Growth Factor 7', 'Fibroblast Growth Factors', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Growth Substances', 'Humans', 'Leukemia Virus, Murine', 'Lung', 'Mice', 'Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Receptors, Virus', 'Recombinant Proteins', 'beta-Galactosidase']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,731,000 | Is hSP expression in human leukocytes modulated by endurance exercise? | {
"contexts": [
"Temperature increase, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reactions after endurance exercise were expected to stimulate the synthesis of heat shock proteins (HSP) in peripheral blood leukocytes. Furthermore, it was of interest whether regular endurance training influences HSP expression.",
"The expression of HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, constitutive HSC70, and HSP90 in the cytoplasma and surface of lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes of 12 trained athletes was analyzed by flow cytometry before and after (0, 3, and 24 h) a half marathon. Twelve untrained persons at rest were included as control.",
"After the race, there was a significantly greater percentage of leukocytes expressing cytoplasmic HSP27, HSP60, and HSP70 (P < 0.01), whereas HSC70 and HSP90 remained unchanged. The fluorescence intensity increased significantly in monocytes for HSP27 (0 and 3 h) and HSP70 (0, 3, and 24 h) and in granulocytes, only 24 h postexercise for HSP70. The percent values of trained athletes at rest were significantly lower compared with untrained persons (P < 0,01)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adaptation, Physiological",
"Adult",
"Exercise",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Heat-Shock Proteins",
"Humans",
"Leukocytes",
"Male",
"Physical Endurance",
"Running"
]
} | Strenuous exercise increased HSP expression in blood immediately after the run, indicating a protective function of HSP in leukocytes of athletes to maintain function after heavy exercise. The downregulation of HSP-positive cells in trained athletes at rest seems to be a result of adaptation mechanisms to regular endurance training. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is hSP expression in human leukocytes modulated by endurance exercise?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Temperature increase, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reactions after endurance exercise were expected to stimulate the synthesis of heat shock proteins (HSP) in peripheral blood leukocytes. Furthermore, it was of interest whether regular endurance training influences HSP expression.', 'The expression of HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, constitutive HSC70, and HSP90 in the cytoplasma and surface of lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes of 12 trained athletes was analyzed by flow cytometry before and after (0, 3, and 24 h) a half marathon. Twelve untrained persons at rest were included as control.', 'After the race, there was a significantly greater percentage of leukocytes expressing cytoplasmic HSP27, HSP60, and HSP70 (P < 0.01), whereas HSC70 and HSP90 remained unchanged. The fluorescence intensity increased significantly in monocytes for HSP27 (0 and 3 h) and HSP70 (0, 3, and 24 h) and in granulocytes, only 24 h postexercise for HSP70. The percent values of trained athletes at rest were significantly lower compared with untrained persons (P < 0,01).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adaptation, Physiological', 'Adult', 'Exercise', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Heat-Shock Proteins', 'Humans', 'Leukocytes', 'Male', 'Physical Endurance', 'Running']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,731,001 | Does vitamin E regulate changes in tissue antioxidants induced by fish oil and acute exercise? | {
"contexts": [
"Prooxidant effects of fish oil supplementation could unfavorably affect the cardiovascular benefits of fish oil. We tested the effects of 8 wk vitamin E cosupplementation with fish oil on antioxidant defenses at rest and in response to exhaustive exercise in rats.",
"Rats (N = 80) were divided into fish oil, fish oil and vitamin E (FOVE), soy oil, and soy oil and vitamin E (SOVE) supplemented groups. For the vitamin E supplemented rats, corresponding groups (FOVE-Ex and SOVE-Ex) performed an acute bout of exhaustive exercise after the supplementation period.",
"Fish oil supplementation increased the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase in the liver and red gastrocnemius (RG) muscle. Fish oil decreased liver total glutathione (TGSH) levels. Vitamin E supplementation decreased antioxidant enzyme activities to levels at or near those in SOVE in a tissue specific pattern. Vitamin E increased TGSH in liver, heart, and RG. Regression analysis showed TGSH to be a negative determinant of protein oxidative damage as measured by protein carbonyl levels in both liver and RG. Catalase activity was associated with liver lipid peroxidation as measured by thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances. The exercise-induced decrease in hepatic TGSH tended to be less in FOVE versus SOVE. Exhaustive exercise also modulated tissue antioxidant enzymes."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Antioxidants",
"Dietary Supplements",
"Drug Interactions",
"Fish Oils",
"Glutathione",
"Lipid Peroxidation",
"Male",
"Oxidative Stress",
"Physical Conditioning, Animal",
"Rats",
"Rats, Wistar",
"Vitamin E"
]
} | Vitamin E supplementation markedly decreased fish oil induced antioxidant enzyme activities in all tissues. Sparing of glutathione may be an important mechanism by which vitamin E decreased tissue protein oxidative damage. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does vitamin E regulate changes in tissue antioxidants induced by fish oil and acute exercise?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Prooxidant effects of fish oil supplementation could unfavorably affect the cardiovascular benefits of fish oil. We tested the effects of 8 wk vitamin E cosupplementation with fish oil on antioxidant defenses at rest and in response to exhaustive exercise in rats.', 'Rats (N = 80) were divided into fish oil, fish oil and vitamin E (FOVE), soy oil, and soy oil and vitamin E (SOVE) supplemented groups. For the vitamin E supplemented rats, corresponding groups (FOVE-Ex and SOVE-Ex) performed an acute bout of exhaustive exercise after the supplementation period.', 'Fish oil supplementation increased the activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione-S-transferase in the liver and red gastrocnemius (RG) muscle. Fish oil decreased liver total glutathione (TGSH) levels. Vitamin E supplementation decreased antioxidant enzyme activities to levels at or near those in SOVE in a tissue specific pattern. Vitamin E increased TGSH in liver, heart, and RG. Regression analysis showed TGSH to be a negative determinant of protein oxidative damage as measured by protein carbonyl levels in both liver and RG. Catalase activity was associated with liver lipid peroxidation as measured by thiobarbituric acid-reacting substances. The exercise-induced decrease in hepatic TGSH tended to be less in FOVE versus SOVE. Exhaustive exercise also modulated tissue antioxidant enzymes.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Antioxidants', 'Dietary Supplements', 'Drug Interactions', 'Fish Oils', 'Glutathione', 'Lipid Peroxidation', 'Male', 'Oxidative Stress', 'Physical Conditioning, Animal', 'Rats', 'Rats, Wistar', 'Vitamin E']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,748,869 | Is parvovirus B19 associated with benign testes as well as testicular germ cell tumours? | {
"contexts": [
"Parvovirus B19 has been demonstrated in testes of patients with germ cell tumours but not in controls, raising the possibility that the virus has an aetiological role in these tumours. The aims of this study were to investigate the association of the virus with germ cell tumours and to localise the virus histologically.",
"DNA was extracted from paraffin wax embedded sections of testes from 10 seminomas, eight teratomas, two mixed seminoma/teratomas, and 10 testes showing benign histology. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of three regions within the NS and VP1/2 genes was carried out in duplicate on all samples. One PCR positive case (seminoma/teratoma) was examined by microdissection of histologically defined tissue components followed by PCR amplification of parvoviral sequences. Samples from PCR positive patients were immunostained using a B19 specific monoclonal antibody.",
"Seven cases were PCR positive, these comprised two of 10 seminomas, one of two mixed tumours, none of eight teratomas, and four of 10 benign controls. PCR analysis of the material microdissected from the seminoma/teratoma showed the presence of the virus in regions of seminoma, teratoma, intratubular germ cell neoplasia, normal tubules, and connective tissue. All patient samples studied immunohistochemically were negative."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Aged, 80 and over",
"DNA, Viral",
"Dissection",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal",
"Parvovirus B19, Human",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational",
"Testicular Neoplasms",
"Testis"
]
} | This confirms the presence of parvovirus B19 in a proportion of germ cell tumours; however, in one patient, the virus was widespread in the tissue components and not confined to tumour cells. In addition, the virus was present in control benign testes. These data suggest that B19 might not be of aetiological importance in germ cell tumours of testis. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is parvovirus B19 associated with benign testes as well as testicular germ cell tumours?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Parvovirus B19 has been demonstrated in testes of patients with germ cell tumours but not in controls, raising the possibility that the virus has an aetiological role in these tumours. The aims of this study were to investigate the association of the virus with germ cell tumours and to localise the virus histologically.', 'DNA was extracted from paraffin wax embedded sections of testes from 10 seminomas, eight teratomas, two mixed seminoma/teratomas, and 10 testes showing benign histology. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of three regions within the NS and VP1/2 genes was carried out in duplicate on all samples. One PCR positive case (seminoma/teratoma) was examined by microdissection of histologically defined tissue components followed by PCR amplification of parvoviral sequences. Samples from PCR positive patients were immunostained using a B19 specific monoclonal antibody.', 'Seven cases were PCR positive, these comprised two of 10 seminomas, one of two mixed tumours, none of eight teratomas, and four of 10 benign controls. PCR analysis of the material microdissected from the seminoma/teratoma showed the presence of the virus in regions of seminoma, teratoma, intratubular germ cell neoplasia, normal tubules, and connective tissue. All patient samples studied immunohistochemically were negative.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Aged, 80 and over', 'DNA, Viral', 'Dissection', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal', 'Parvovirus B19, Human', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational', 'Testicular Neoplasms', 'Testis']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,738,551 | Do activation conditions determine susceptibility of murine primary T-lymphocytes to retroviral infection? | {
"contexts": [
"Genetically modified T-lymphocytes are potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of various disorders. Successful retroviral infection of primary murine T-lymphocytes is a prerequisite to the study of adoptive cell therapies in a small animal model. The definition of factors controlling retroviral infection of T-lymphocytes would also be useful to better understand retroviral diseases. However, retroviral-mediated gene transfer into murine primary T-cells has remained elusive.",
"In order to define the requirements for stable and efficient gene transfer in primary murine T-lymphocytes, we investigated factors capable of affecting retroviral infection. These include activation conditions (using mitogens or monoclonal antibodies), culture conditions (including media composition and cytokine addition), timing of viral exposure, retroviral receptor selection (ecotropic, amphotropic, or vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) glycoprotein receptor), and viral titer.",
"We show that efficient gene transfer can be achieved in murine T-lymphocytes, provided that a number of favorable conditions are met, in particular optimized T-cell activation conditions, optimal timing of infection, adequate interleukin-2 concentration and T-cell density, and a high viral titer. On a particulate basis, we find that ecotropic particles are more effective than amphotropic or VSV-G-pseudotyped particles, and recommend the use of a specifically selected retroviral packaging cell line. CD4+ T-cells are equally or more infectible than CD8+ lymphocytes, depending on the activation conditions. The Th1 and Th2 subsets are comparably susceptible to retroviral infection, in contrast to what has been reported in some instances of human T-cell infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes",
"Cell Survival",
"Cells, Cultured",
"Gene Transfer Techniques",
"Genetic Therapy",
"Genetic Vectors",
"Humans",
"Lymphocyte Activation",
"Lymphocyte Subsets",
"Male",
"Mice",
"Mice, Inbred C57BL",
"Retroviridae",
"T-Lymphocytes"
]
} | We establish conditions that enable efficient retroviral-mediated gene transfer in murine primary T-lymphocytes. T-lymphocytes are not uniformly susceptible to retroviral infection depending on the mode of T-cell activation. These findings have implications for devising approaches to the study of T-cell biology, adoptive cell therapies, and the pathophysiology of retroviral diseases in mouse models. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Do activation conditions determine susceptibility of murine primary T-lymphocytes to retroviral infection?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Genetically modified T-lymphocytes are potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of various disorders. Successful retroviral infection of primary murine T-lymphocytes is a prerequisite to the study of adoptive cell therapies in a small animal model. The definition of factors controlling retroviral infection of T-lymphocytes would also be useful to better understand retroviral diseases. However, retroviral-mediated gene transfer into murine primary T-cells has remained elusive.', 'In order to define the requirements for stable and efficient gene transfer in primary murine T-lymphocytes, we investigated factors capable of affecting retroviral infection. These include activation conditions (using mitogens or monoclonal antibodies), culture conditions (including media composition and cytokine addition), timing of viral exposure, retroviral receptor selection (ecotropic, amphotropic, or vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV-G) glycoprotein receptor), and viral titer.', 'We show that efficient gene transfer can be achieved in murine T-lymphocytes, provided that a number of favorable conditions are met, in particular optimized T-cell activation conditions, optimal timing of infection, adequate interleukin-2 concentration and T-cell density, and a high viral titer. On a particulate basis, we find that ecotropic particles are more effective than amphotropic or VSV-G-pseudotyped particles, and recommend the use of a specifically selected retroviral packaging cell line. CD4+ T-cells are equally or more infectible than CD8+ lymphocytes, depending on the activation conditions. The Th1 and Th2 subsets are comparably susceptible to retroviral infection, in contrast to what has been reported in some instances of human T-cell infection by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes', 'Cell Survival', 'Cells, Cultured', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Genetic Therapy', 'Genetic Vectors', 'Humans', 'Lymphocyte Activation', 'Lymphocyte Subsets', 'Male', 'Mice', 'Mice, Inbred C57BL', 'Retroviridae', 'T-Lymphocytes']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,736,276 | Is l-NMMA ( a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor ) effective in the treatment of cardiogenic shock? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective was to assess the safety and efficacy of L-NMMA in the treatment of cardiogenic shock.",
"We enrolled 11 consecutive patients with cardiogenic shock that persisted after >24 hours from admission, despite coronary catheterization and primary percutaneous transluminal coronary revascularization, when feasible, and treatment with mechanical ventilation, intraaortic balloon pump (IABP), and high doses of catecholamines. L-NMMA was administered as an IV bolus of 1 mg/kg and continuous drip of 1 mg. kg(-1). h(-1) for 5 hours. Treatment with catecholamines, mechanical ventilation, and IABP was kept constant throughout the study.",
"Within 10 minutes of L-NMMA administration, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) increased from 76+/-9 to 109+/-22 mm Hg (+43%). Urine output increased within 5 hours from 63+/-25 to 156+/-63 cc/h (+148%). Cardiac index decreased during the steep increase in MAP from 2. 0+/-0.5 to 1.7+/-0.4 L/(min. m(2)) (-15%); however, it gradually increased to 1.85+/-0.4 L/(min. m(2)) after 5 hours. The heart rate and the wedge pressure remained stable. Twenty-four hours after L-NMMA discontinuation, MAP (+36%) and urine output (+189%) remained increased; however, cardiac index returned to pretreatment level. No adverse events were detected. Ten out of eleven patients could be weaned off mechanical ventilation and IABP. Eight patients were discharged from the coronary intensive care unit, and seven (64%) were alive at 1-month follow-up."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Blood Pressure",
"Enzyme Inhibitors",
"Female",
"Heart Rate",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Pulmonary Wedge Pressure",
"Shock, Cardiogenic",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Urine",
"omega-N-Methylarginine"
]
} | L-NMMA administration in patients with cardiogenic shock is safe and has favorable clinical and hemodynamic effects. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is l-NMMA ( a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor ) effective in the treatment of cardiogenic shock?\nContext: {'contexts': ['The objective was to assess the safety and efficacy of L-NMMA in the treatment of cardiogenic shock.', 'We enrolled 11 consecutive patients with cardiogenic shock that persisted after >24 hours from admission, despite coronary catheterization and primary percutaneous transluminal coronary revascularization, when feasible, and treatment with mechanical ventilation, intraaortic balloon pump (IABP), and high doses of catecholamines. L-NMMA was administered as an IV bolus of 1 mg/kg and continuous drip of 1 mg. kg(-1). h(-1) for 5 hours. Treatment with catecholamines, mechanical ventilation, and IABP was kept constant throughout the study.', 'Within 10 minutes of L-NMMA administration, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) increased from 76+/-9 to 109+/-22 mm Hg (+43%). Urine output increased within 5 hours from 63+/-25 to 156+/-63 cc/h (+148%). Cardiac index decreased during the steep increase in MAP from 2. 0+/-0.5 to 1.7+/-0.4 L/(min. m(2)) (-15%); however, it gradually increased to 1.85+/-0.4 L/(min. m(2)) after 5 hours. The heart rate and the wedge pressure remained stable. Twenty-four hours after L-NMMA discontinuation, MAP (+36%) and urine output (+189%) remained increased; however, cardiac index returned to pretreatment level. No adverse events were detected. Ten out of eleven patients could be weaned off mechanical ventilation and IABP. Eight patients were discharged from the coronary intensive care unit, and seven (64%) were alive at 1-month follow-up.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Blood Pressure', 'Enzyme Inhibitors', 'Female', 'Heart Rate', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Pulmonary Wedge Pressure', 'Shock, Cardiogenic', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Urine', 'omega-N-Methylarginine']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,733,475 | Are monocytes from systemic lupus erythematous patients severely altered in phenotype and lineage flexibility? | {
"contexts": [
"Cells of the myeloid lineage comprise a very heterogeneous population with many phenotypes and functional activities including macrophages and dendritic cells. To investigate the status, differentiative potential and lineage commitment of monocytic cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, this study isolated and cultured peripheral blood monocytes from patients and healthy donors.",
"Monocytes were isolated by gradient centrifugation and adherence to plastic dishes. The cells were then cultured for three days, partially supplemented with GM-CSF and interleukin 4 (IL4) to obtain dendritic cells. The differentiation status was monitored by the expression of surface markers using flow cytometry and cytokine secretion.",
"Monocytes from SLE patients expressed significantly lower numbers of the monocytic marker CD14 and HLA-DR while secreting significantly more tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) than monocytes from healthy donors. The addition of GM-CSF and IL4 resulted in an inhibition of TNFalpha secretion, but was not sufficient to generate monocytederived dendritic cells."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Cell Culture Techniques",
"Cell Differentiation",
"Female",
"Flow Cytometry",
"Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor",
"Humans",
"Immunophenotyping",
"Interleukin-4",
"Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Monocytes",
"Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha"
]
} | Monocytes from SLE patients are severely altered in phenotype and function and have a limited differentiation flexibility towards the accessory type of monocytic cells. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are monocytes from systemic lupus erythematous patients severely altered in phenotype and lineage flexibility?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Cells of the myeloid lineage comprise a very heterogeneous population with many phenotypes and functional activities including macrophages and dendritic cells. To investigate the status, differentiative potential and lineage commitment of monocytic cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, this study isolated and cultured peripheral blood monocytes from patients and healthy donors.', 'Monocytes were isolated by gradient centrifugation and adherence to plastic dishes. The cells were then cultured for three days, partially supplemented with GM-CSF and interleukin 4 (IL4) to obtain dendritic cells. The differentiation status was monitored by the expression of surface markers using flow cytometry and cytokine secretion.', 'Monocytes from SLE patients expressed significantly lower numbers of the monocytic marker CD14 and HLA-DR while secreting significantly more tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) than monocytes from healthy donors. The addition of GM-CSF and IL4 resulted in an inhibition of TNFalpha secretion, but was not sufficient to generate monocytederived dendritic cells.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Cell Culture Techniques', 'Cell Differentiation', 'Female', 'Flow Cytometry', 'Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor', 'Humans', 'Immunophenotyping', 'Interleukin-4', 'Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Monocytes', 'Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,733,479 | Is prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in urine of male patients with ankylosing spondylitis increased? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients with controls, using DNA amplification assays in urine specimens.",
"The prevalence of C trachomatis infections was assessed in 32 male AS patients and 120 age and sex matched controls. Urine specimens were tested by ligase chain reaction and polymerase chain reaction. In addition, blood samples of AS patients were tested on serum antibodies to C trachomatis (IgA and IgG) by a specific peptide based solid phase enzyme immunoassay. A questionnaire was used to assess the differences in sexual behaviour and ethnic origin between the two groups. AS patients were also asked about disease characteristics.",
"No significant differences were found between cases and controls in the prevalence of C trachomatis infections. No associations were found between C trachomatis antibodies and disease characteristics, except for acute anterior uveitis (AAU). Four of eight (50%) AS men positive for IgG had a history of AAU in comparison with three of 24 (12.5%) IgG negative men (OR = 7.0; 95% confidence intervals: 1.1, 44.1)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adolescent",
"Adult",
"Antibodies, Bacterial",
"Bacteriuria",
"Chlamydia Infections",
"Chlamydia trachomatis",
"Humans",
"Immunoglobulin A",
"Immunoglobulin G",
"Male",
"Spondylitis, Ankylosing"
]
} | The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infections, as detected by commercially available DNA amplification assays in urine specimens, in AS patients is not higher compared with male controls of the same age. However, there seems to be an association between specific antibodies to C trachomatis and AAU. | no | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in urine of male patients with ankylosing spondylitis increased?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To compare the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients with controls, using DNA amplification assays in urine specimens.', 'The prevalence of C trachomatis infections was assessed in 32 male AS patients and 120 age and sex matched controls. Urine specimens were tested by ligase chain reaction and polymerase chain reaction. In addition, blood samples of AS patients were tested on serum antibodies to C trachomatis (IgA and IgG) by a specific peptide based solid phase enzyme immunoassay. A questionnaire was used to assess the differences in sexual behaviour and ethnic origin between the two groups. AS patients were also asked about disease characteristics.', 'No significant differences were found between cases and controls in the prevalence of C trachomatis infections. No associations were found between C trachomatis antibodies and disease characteristics, except for acute anterior uveitis (AAU). Four of eight (50%) AS men positive for IgG had a history of AAU in comparison with three of 24 (12.5%) IgG negative men (OR = 7.0; 95% confidence intervals: 1.1, 44.1).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adolescent', 'Adult', 'Antibodies, Bacterial', 'Bacteriuria', 'Chlamydia Infections', 'Chlamydia trachomatis', 'Humans', 'Immunoglobulin A', 'Immunoglobulin G', 'Male', 'Spondylitis, Ankylosing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: no"
}
]
|
10,754,007 | Does in vivo gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase to carotid arteries from hypercholesterolemic rabbits enhance endothelium-dependent relaxations? | {
"contexts": [
"Hypercholesterolemia is associated with abnormal endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation due to decreased nitric oxide bioavailability. Our aim was to examine the effect of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to the hypercholesterolemic rabbit carotid artery in vivo. In addition, we examined whether adenovirus-mediated gene transfer was associated with vascular dysfunction.",
"Rabbits were fed a 1% cholesterol diet for 4 weeks followed by a 0.5% cholesterol diet for 6 weeks. Vascular reactivity was assessed in nontransduced carotid arteries from chow- and cholesterol-fed animals. In addition, carotid arteries were surgically isolated, and 2 separate doses of adenoviral vectors encoding eNOS or beta-galactosidase (AdbetaGal) on the contralateral side were delivered to the lumen (1x10(10) and 5x10(10) pfu/mL).",
"Abnormal acetylcholine-mediated endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was detected in the carotid artery from cholesterol-fed animals, whereas responses to calcium ionophore A23187 and diethylamine NONOate were normal. Vascular reactivity was similar in nontransduced and AdbetaGal-transduced hypercholesterolemic vessels. In vessels transduced with eNOS, transgene expression was demonstrated by immunostaining in both the endothelium and the adventitia and by Western blot analysis. High-dose but not low-dose eNOS gene transfer enhanced endothelium-dependent relaxation in vessels from cholesterol-fed rabbits."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Carotid Arteries",
"Endothelium, Vascular",
"Gene Transfer Techniques",
"Hypercholesterolemia",
"Lipids",
"Nitric Oxide Synthase",
"Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III",
"Rabbits",
"Tissue Distribution",
"Vasodilation",
"Vasomotor System",
"beta-Galactosidase"
]
} | Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of eNOS to carotid arteries of cholesterol-fed animals improves endothelium-dependent relaxation when an optimal viral titer is administered. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does in vivo gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase to carotid arteries from hypercholesterolemic rabbits enhance endothelium-dependent relaxations?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Hypercholesterolemia is associated with abnormal endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation due to decreased nitric oxide bioavailability. Our aim was to examine the effect of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to the hypercholesterolemic rabbit carotid artery in vivo. In addition, we examined whether adenovirus-mediated gene transfer was associated with vascular dysfunction.', 'Rabbits were fed a 1% cholesterol diet for 4 weeks followed by a 0.5% cholesterol diet for 6 weeks. Vascular reactivity was assessed in nontransduced carotid arteries from chow- and cholesterol-fed animals. In addition, carotid arteries were surgically isolated, and 2 separate doses of adenoviral vectors encoding eNOS or beta-galactosidase (AdbetaGal) on the contralateral side were delivered to the lumen (1x10(10) and 5x10(10) pfu/mL).', 'Abnormal acetylcholine-mediated endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was detected in the carotid artery from cholesterol-fed animals, whereas responses to calcium ionophore A23187 and diethylamine NONOate were normal. Vascular reactivity was similar in nontransduced and AdbetaGal-transduced hypercholesterolemic vessels. In vessels transduced with eNOS, transgene expression was demonstrated by immunostaining in both the endothelium and the adventitia and by Western blot analysis. High-dose but not low-dose eNOS gene transfer enhanced endothelium-dependent relaxation in vessels from cholesterol-fed rabbits.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Carotid Arteries', 'Endothelium, Vascular', 'Gene Transfer Techniques', 'Hypercholesterolemia', 'Lipids', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III', 'Rabbits', 'Tissue Distribution', 'Vasodilation', 'Vasomotor System', 'beta-Galactosidase']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,754,005 | Does acute carotid occlusion alter the activation flow coupling response to forepaw stimulation in a rat model? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether the hemodynamic response to functional stimulation is sensitive to proximal arterial occlusion, we measured the activation flow coupling response in a rat model of acute reversible vascular occlusion.",
"In alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats (n=18), laser Doppler measurements were made through a thinned skull over the somatosensory cortex in response to electrical forepaw stimulation. Signal-averaged responses to 4 and 8 seconds of electrical forepaw stimulation were obtained before, during, and shortly after acute unilateral or bilateral carotid occlusion produced with the use of a surgically placed snare.",
"Baseline cerebral blood flow was significantly decreased over the forepaw region of the somatosensory cortex after both occlusion of the carotid contralateral to the stimulated forepaw and bilateral occlusion compared with preocclusion (P<0.05). Postocclusion and ipsilateral occlusion led to a nonsignificant increase in baseline cerebral blood flow compared with preocclusion. Contralateral carotid occlusion and bilateral occlusion significantly prolonged the temporal characteristics of the flow response, especially the delay to peak (P<0.05), compared with preocclusion, whereas ipsilateral carotid occlusion significantly shortened the delay to peak (P<0.05). Only contralateral carotid occlusion produced a significant reduction in the peak amplitude of the flow response compared with preocclusion (P<0.05)."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Acute Disease",
"Animals",
"Arterial Occlusive Diseases",
"Carotid Artery Diseases",
"Cerebrovascular Circulation",
"Electric Stimulation",
"Forelimb",
"Male",
"Rats",
"Rats, Sprague-Dawley",
"Somatosensory Cortex",
"Time Factors"
]
} | These findings suggest that temporal characteristics of functional activation responses are sensitive to alterations in the proximal arterial supply and, conversely, that functional activation studies must be interpreted with consideration of proximal arterial disease. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does acute carotid occlusion alter the activation flow coupling response to forepaw stimulation in a rat model?\nContext: {'contexts': ['To determine whether the hemodynamic response to functional stimulation is sensitive to proximal arterial occlusion, we measured the activation flow coupling response in a rat model of acute reversible vascular occlusion.', 'In alpha-chloralose-anesthetized rats (n=18), laser Doppler measurements were made through a thinned skull over the somatosensory cortex in response to electrical forepaw stimulation. Signal-averaged responses to 4 and 8 seconds of electrical forepaw stimulation were obtained before, during, and shortly after acute unilateral or bilateral carotid occlusion produced with the use of a surgically placed snare.', 'Baseline cerebral blood flow was significantly decreased over the forepaw region of the somatosensory cortex after both occlusion of the carotid contralateral to the stimulated forepaw and bilateral occlusion compared with preocclusion (P<0.05). Postocclusion and ipsilateral occlusion led to a nonsignificant increase in baseline cerebral blood flow compared with preocclusion. Contralateral carotid occlusion and bilateral occlusion significantly prolonged the temporal characteristics of the flow response, especially the delay to peak (P<0.05), compared with preocclusion, whereas ipsilateral carotid occlusion significantly shortened the delay to peak (P<0.05). Only contralateral carotid occlusion produced a significant reduction in the peak amplitude of the flow response compared with preocclusion (P<0.05).'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Acute Disease', 'Animals', 'Arterial Occlusive Diseases', 'Carotid Artery Diseases', 'Cerebrovascular Circulation', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Forelimb', 'Male', 'Rats', 'Rats, Sprague-Dawley', 'Somatosensory Cortex', 'Time Factors']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,726,963 | Does kupffer cell depletion by CI2MDP-liposomes alter hepatic cytokine expression and delays liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"Although Kupffer cells (KCs) are capable of producing important growth-stimulating cytokines, their role in liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy (PH) remains poorly understood.",
"In the present study liver regeneration was studied after KC-depletion by intravenous administration of liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene-diphosphonate (C12MDP), a method known to physically eliminate KCs. Furthermore, splenectomy was performed one week prior to PH to exclude the effect of C12MDP-liposomes on macrophage populations in the spleen.",
"KC-depletion was confirmed in cryostat liver sections stained with the monoclonal antibody ED2, a marker for resident tissue macrophages. Forty-eight hours after PH, the cumulative hepatocyte DNA synthesis, as determined in liver sections by the hepatocyte bromodeoxyuridine labeling index, was significantly decreased in KC-depleted rats when compared to control-rats. The weight of the remnant liver, expressed as a percentage of the initial liver weight, was significantly less at 96 h after PH in KC-depleted rats. KC-depletion abolished the hepatic interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA synthesis and decreased hepatic expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor-beta1(TGF-beta1) mRNA after PH, as was assessed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Moreover, at 4 h after PH the systemic release of IL-6 was significantly decreased in KC-depleted rats."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Animals",
"Bromodeoxyuridine",
"Cell Count",
"Clodronic Acid",
"Cytokines",
"DNA",
"Drug Carriers",
"Hepatectomy",
"Immunoenzyme Techniques",
"Kupffer Cells",
"Liposomes",
"Liver",
"Liver Regeneration",
"Macrophages",
"Male",
"Organ Size",
"RNA",
"RNA, Messenger",
"Rats",
"Rats, Inbred Strains",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms"
]
} | We conclude that KCs are important for hepatocyte regeneration after PH. Delayed liver regeneration in KC-depleted rats can be explained, at least in part, by an imbalanced hepatic cytokine expression, thereby suppressing important growth-stimulating cytokines. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does kupffer cell depletion by CI2MDP-liposomes alter hepatic cytokine expression and delays liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Although Kupffer cells (KCs) are capable of producing important growth-stimulating cytokines, their role in liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy (PH) remains poorly understood.', 'In the present study liver regeneration was studied after KC-depletion by intravenous administration of liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene-diphosphonate (C12MDP), a method known to physically eliminate KCs. Furthermore, splenectomy was performed one week prior to PH to exclude the effect of C12MDP-liposomes on macrophage populations in the spleen.', 'KC-depletion was confirmed in cryostat liver sections stained with the monoclonal antibody ED2, a marker for resident tissue macrophages. Forty-eight hours after PH, the cumulative hepatocyte DNA synthesis, as determined in liver sections by the hepatocyte bromodeoxyuridine labeling index, was significantly decreased in KC-depleted rats when compared to control-rats. The weight of the remnant liver, expressed as a percentage of the initial liver weight, was significantly less at 96 h after PH in KC-depleted rats. KC-depletion abolished the hepatic interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) mRNA synthesis and decreased hepatic expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor-beta1(TGF-beta1) mRNA after PH, as was assessed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Moreover, at 4 h after PH the systemic release of IL-6 was significantly decreased in KC-depleted rats.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Animals', 'Bromodeoxyuridine', 'Cell Count', 'Clodronic Acid', 'Cytokines', 'DNA', 'Drug Carriers', 'Hepatectomy', 'Immunoenzyme Techniques', 'Kupffer Cells', 'Liposomes', 'Liver', 'Liver Regeneration', 'Macrophages', 'Male', 'Organ Size', 'RNA', 'RNA, Messenger', 'Rats', 'Rats, Inbred Strains', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,727,919 | Are leg muscle reflexes mediated by cutaneous A-beta fibres normal during gait in reflex sympathetic dystrophy? | {
"contexts": [
"Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) is, from the onset, characterized by various neurological deficits such as an alteration of sensation and a decrease in muscle strength. We investigated if afferent A-beta fibre-mediated reflexes are changed in lower extremities affected by acute RSD.",
"The involvement of these fibres was determined by analyzing reflex responses from the tibialis anterior (TA) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles after electrical stimulation of the sural nerve. The reflexes were studied during walking on a treadmill to investigate whether the abnormalities in gait of the patients were related either to abnormal amplitudes or deficient phase-dependent modulation of reflexes. In 5 patients with acute RSD of the leg and 5 healthy volunteers these reflex responses were determined during the early and late swing phase of the step cycle.",
"No significant difference was found between the RSD and the volunteers. During early swing the mean amplitude of the facilitatory P2 responses in BF and TA increased as a function of stimulus intensity (1.5, 2 and 2.5 times the perception threshold) in both groups. At end swing the same stimuli induced suppressive responses in TA. This phase-dependent reflex reversal from facilitation in early swing to suppression in late swing occurred equally in both groups."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Electric Stimulation",
"Electromyography",
"Female",
"Gait",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Nerve Fibers, Myelinated",
"Reaction Time",
"Reflex",
"Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy",
"Sural Nerve"
]
} | In the acute phase of RSD of the lower extremity there is no evidence for abnormal A-beta fibre-mediated reflexes or for defective regulation of such reflexes. This finding has implications for both the theory on RSD pathophysiology and RSD models, which are based on abnormal functioning of A-beta fibres. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Are leg muscle reflexes mediated by cutaneous A-beta fibres normal during gait in reflex sympathetic dystrophy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) is, from the onset, characterized by various neurological deficits such as an alteration of sensation and a decrease in muscle strength. We investigated if afferent A-beta fibre-mediated reflexes are changed in lower extremities affected by acute RSD.', 'The involvement of these fibres was determined by analyzing reflex responses from the tibialis anterior (TA) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles after electrical stimulation of the sural nerve. The reflexes were studied during walking on a treadmill to investigate whether the abnormalities in gait of the patients were related either to abnormal amplitudes or deficient phase-dependent modulation of reflexes. In 5 patients with acute RSD of the leg and 5 healthy volunteers these reflex responses were determined during the early and late swing phase of the step cycle.', 'No significant difference was found between the RSD and the volunteers. During early swing the mean amplitude of the facilitatory P2 responses in BF and TA increased as a function of stimulus intensity (1.5, 2 and 2.5 times the perception threshold) in both groups. At end swing the same stimuli induced suppressive responses in TA. This phase-dependent reflex reversal from facilitation in early swing to suppression in late swing occurred equally in both groups.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Adult', 'Aged', 'Electric Stimulation', 'Electromyography', 'Female', 'Gait', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Nerve Fibers, Myelinated', 'Reaction Time', 'Reflex', 'Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy', 'Sural Nerve']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,735,541 | Does helicobacter pylori induce apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells through inducible nitric oxide? | {
"contexts": [
"Gastric mucosal injury by Helicobacter pylori has been suggested to be mediated by various cytokines induced by this organism. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important effector molecule involved in immune regulation and defence. To clarify the mechanisms by which H. pylori induces gastric mucosal cell injury, we examined whether H. pylori induces gastric epithelial death via NO production.",
"Cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic strains of H. pylori were used. The death of MKN45 cells caused by H. pylori was examined by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazole-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Aminoguanidine was used to inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity. Expression of iNOS mRNA was determined by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and the DNA fragmentation analysis was performed by using agarose gel electrophoresis.",
"The MTT assay revealed that neither viable H. pylori nor other components of the microorganism induced cell death. Both preincubation of MKN45 cells with interferon-gamma for 6 h and coculture with TNF-alpha significantly increased the cytotoxicity of H. pylori. Both cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic strains of H. pylori induced cell death. Expression of iNOS mRNA was observed in MKN45 cells at 6, 8 and 12 h after H. pylori inoculation. The cytotoxicity of H. pylori was inhibited by aminoguanidine and DNA fragmentation analysis showed that H. pylori induced apoptosis."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Apoptosis",
"Cell Line",
"Epithelial Cells",
"Gastric Mucosa",
"Helicobacter pylori",
"Humans",
"In Vitro Techniques",
"Nitric Oxide",
"Nitric Oxide Synthase",
"Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II",
"Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction"
]
} | These findings suggested that viable H. pylori induces apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells via nitric oxide. Our study indicated that iNOS expression plays an important role in gastric cell injury. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does helicobacter pylori induce apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells through inducible nitric oxide?\nContext: {'contexts': ['Gastric mucosal injury by Helicobacter pylori has been suggested to be mediated by various cytokines induced by this organism. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important effector molecule involved in immune regulation and defence. To clarify the mechanisms by which H. pylori induces gastric mucosal cell injury, we examined whether H. pylori induces gastric epithelial death via NO production.', 'Cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic strains of H. pylori were used. The death of MKN45 cells caused by H. pylori was examined by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazole-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Aminoguanidine was used to inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity. Expression of iNOS mRNA was determined by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and the DNA fragmentation analysis was performed by using agarose gel electrophoresis.', 'The MTT assay revealed that neither viable H. pylori nor other components of the microorganism induced cell death. Both preincubation of MKN45 cells with interferon-gamma for 6 h and coculture with TNF-alpha significantly increased the cytotoxicity of H. pylori. Both cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic strains of H. pylori induced cell death. Expression of iNOS mRNA was observed in MKN45 cells at 6, 8 and 12 h after H. pylori inoculation. The cytotoxicity of H. pylori was inhibited by aminoguanidine and DNA fragmentation analysis showed that H. pylori induced apoptosis.'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Apoptosis', 'Cell Line', 'Epithelial Cells', 'Gastric Mucosa', 'Helicobacter pylori', 'Humans', 'In Vitro Techniques', 'Nitric Oxide', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase', 'Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II', 'Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,735,601 | Does immunotherapy prevent recurrent abortion without influencing natural killer receptor status? | {
"contexts": [
"We assessed the expression of natural killer (NK) receptors in recurrent aborters before and after immunotherapy using their husbands' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).",
"Using stored PBMCs from recurrent aborters before and after the immunotherapy, the expression of NK receptors, CD158a, CD158b, CD159 and CD94, were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies for respective receptors. The diversity of killer activatory receptors (KARs) and killer inhibitory receptors (KIRs) was also examined using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method.",
"In recurrent aborters, no apparent changes in NK receptor expression and the balance between KARs and KIRs were found before and after the immunotherapy."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Abortion, Habitual",
"Adoptive Transfer",
"Adult",
"Antigens, CD",
"Cytotoxicity, Immunologic",
"Female",
"HLA Antigens",
"Humans",
"Killer Cells, Natural",
"Lectins, C-Type",
"Leukocyte Transfusion",
"Leukocytes, Mononuclear",
"Male",
"Membrane Glycoproteins",
"NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D",
"Polymerase Chain Reaction",
"Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational",
"Pregnancy",
"Receptors, Immunologic",
"Receptors, KIR",
"Receptors, KIR2DL1",
"Receptors, KIR2DL3",
"Receptors, Natural Killer Cell"
]
} | The allo-human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-stimulation caused by the immunotherapy for recurrent aborters did not affect the expression of NK receptors and the ratio of KARs to KIRs regardless of the outcome of subsequent pregnancies, suggesting that recurrent aborters may benefit from the immunotherapy through mechanisms unrelated to alteration in NK receptor status. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does immunotherapy prevent recurrent abortion without influencing natural killer receptor status?\nContext: {'contexts': [\"We assessed the expression of natural killer (NK) receptors in recurrent aborters before and after immunotherapy using their husbands' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).\", 'Using stored PBMCs from recurrent aborters before and after the immunotherapy, the expression of NK receptors, CD158a, CD158b, CD159 and CD94, were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies for respective receptors. The diversity of killer activatory receptors (KARs) and killer inhibitory receptors (KIRs) was also examined using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method.', 'In recurrent aborters, no apparent changes in NK receptor expression and the balance between KARs and KIRs were found before and after the immunotherapy.'], 'labels': ['OBJECTIVE', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Abortion, Habitual', 'Adoptive Transfer', 'Adult', 'Antigens, CD', 'Cytotoxicity, Immunologic', 'Female', 'HLA Antigens', 'Humans', 'Killer Cells, Natural', 'Lectins, C-Type', 'Leukocyte Transfusion', 'Leukocytes, Mononuclear', 'Male', 'Membrane Glycoproteins', 'NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D', 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational', 'Pregnancy', 'Receptors, Immunologic', 'Receptors, KIR', 'Receptors, KIR2DL1', 'Receptors, KIR2DL3', 'Receptors, Natural Killer Cell']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,746,813 | Is improvement in left ventricular function in response to carvedilol accompanied by attenuation of neurohumoral activation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy? | {
"contexts": [
"We sought to evaluate whether improvement in ejection fraction (EF) with carvedilol therapy is accompanied by improvement in neurohumoral factors.",
"Forty-two patients with dilated cardiomyopathy were given carvedilol for 3 to 5 months. Changes in EF, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and norepinephrine levels were determined. Iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) images were also obtained before and after carvedilol therapy. Myocardial uptake of MIBG was calculated as the heart to mediastinal activity ratio (H/M). Storage and release of MIBG was calculated as percent myocardial MIBG washout rate (WR). We divided patients into 2 groups: 27 responders whose EF increased by more than 5% and 15 nonresponders whose EF increased by 5% or less. EF of responders increased by 15 +/- 5% and that of nonresponders by 1 +/- 4%. Although MIBG image-derived indexes of nonresponders remained unchanged, the delayed H/M (1.91 +/- 0.34 v 2.24 +/- 0.53, P < .01) and WR (49 +/- 11 v 39 +/- 9%, P < .01) of responders improved, respectively. The plasma ANP (51 +/- 50 v 27 +/- 24 pg/mL, P < .01) and BNP (194 +/- 197 v 49 +/- 62 pg/mL, P < .01) levels of responders decreased. The degree of changes in the plasma BNP level correlated with changes in EF (r = -.698, P < .01)."
],
"labels": [
"BACKGROUND",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"3-Iodobenzylguanidine",
"Adrenergic beta-Antagonists",
"Adult",
"Aged",
"Atrial Natriuretic Factor",
"Biomarkers",
"Carbazoles",
"Cardiomyopathy, Dilated",
"Carvedilol",
"Female",
"Heart Ventricles",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Middle Aged",
"Natriuretic Peptide, Brain",
"Norepinephrine",
"Propanolamines",
"Radiopharmaceuticals",
"Recovery of Function",
"Retrospective Studies",
"Stroke Volume",
"Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon",
"Treatment Outcome",
"Ventricular Function, Left"
]
} | The improvement in EF with carvedilol therapy was proved to be accompanied by an improvement in neurohumoral factors. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Is improvement in left ventricular function in response to carvedilol accompanied by attenuation of neurohumoral activation in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy?\nContext: {'contexts': ['We sought to evaluate whether improvement in ejection fraction (EF) with carvedilol therapy is accompanied by improvement in neurohumoral factors.', 'Forty-two patients with dilated cardiomyopathy were given carvedilol for 3 to 5 months. Changes in EF, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and norepinephrine levels were determined. Iodine-123 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) images were also obtained before and after carvedilol therapy. Myocardial uptake of MIBG was calculated as the heart to mediastinal activity ratio (H/M). Storage and release of MIBG was calculated as percent myocardial MIBG washout rate (WR). We divided patients into 2 groups: 27 responders whose EF increased by more than 5% and 15 nonresponders whose EF increased by 5% or less. EF of responders increased by 15 +/- 5% and that of nonresponders by 1 +/- 4%. Although MIBG image-derived indexes of nonresponders remained unchanged, the delayed H/M (1.91 +/- 0.34 v 2.24 +/- 0.53, P < .01) and WR (49 +/- 11 v 39 +/- 9%, P < .01) of responders improved, respectively. The plasma ANP (51 +/- 50 v 27 +/- 24 pg/mL, P < .01) and BNP (194 +/- 197 v 49 +/- 62 pg/mL, P < .01) levels of responders decreased. The degree of changes in the plasma BNP level correlated with changes in EF (r = -.698, P < .01).'], 'labels': ['BACKGROUND', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['3-Iodobenzylguanidine', 'Adrenergic beta-Antagonists', 'Adult', 'Aged', 'Atrial Natriuretic Factor', 'Biomarkers', 'Carbazoles', 'Cardiomyopathy, Dilated', 'Carvedilol', 'Female', 'Heart Ventricles', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Middle Aged', 'Natriuretic Peptide, Brain', 'Norepinephrine', 'Propanolamines', 'Radiopharmaceuticals', 'Recovery of Function', 'Retrospective Studies', 'Stroke Volume', 'Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon', 'Treatment Outcome', 'Ventricular Function, Left']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
10,751,288 | Does anterior cervical plating reverse load transfer through multilevel strut-grafts? | {
"contexts": [
"In vitro biomechanical study using a programmable testing apparatus that replicated physiologic flexion/extension cervical spine motion and loading mechanics.",
"To determine the influence of anterior plating on multilevel cervical strut-graft mechanics in vitro.",
"The addition of anterior instrumentation does not prevent construct failure in multilevel cervical corpectomy.",
"Six fresh human cadaveric cervical spines (C2-T1) were tested in the four following sequential conditions: harvested, C4-C6 corpectomy, strut-grafted, and strut-grafted with an anterior cervical plate. A force-sensing strut-graft was used to measure compression/tension, flexion/extension and lateral bending moments, and axial torsion. Parameters of stiffness, vertebral motion, and strut-graft loads were compared to determine differences between the four spine conditions.",
"Application of the anterior plate significantly increased the global stiffness (P < 0.01) and decreased the local motion (P < or = 0.01) of the instrumented levels (C3-C7). Flexion of the strut-grafted spine loaded the strut-graft, whereas extension unloaded the strut-graft. With the anterior plate, flexion of the plated spine unloaded the strut-graft. Extension significantly loaded the strut-graft more than similar degrees of flexion in the strut-grafted condition (P = 0.01). Strut-graft loading end limits of 225 N were reached with a mean 7.5 degrees extension in the plated spines."
],
"labels": [
"METHODS",
"OBJECTIVE",
"BACKGROUND",
"METHODS",
"RESULTS"
],
"meshes": [
"Aged",
"Biomechanical Phenomena",
"Bone Plates",
"Bone Screws",
"Cadaver",
"Cervical Vertebrae",
"Female",
"Humans",
"Male",
"Movement",
"Rotation",
"Spinal Osteophytosis",
"Weight-Bearing"
]
} | Anterior multilevel cervical plating effectively increases stiffness and decreases local cervical motion after corpectomy. However, anterior cervical plating also reverses graft loads and excessively loads the graft in extension, which may promote pistoning and failure of multilevel constructs. | yes | [
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Question: Does anterior cervical plating reverse load transfer through multilevel strut-grafts?\nContext: {'contexts': ['In vitro biomechanical study using a programmable testing apparatus that replicated physiologic flexion/extension cervical spine motion and loading mechanics.', 'To determine the influence of anterior plating on multilevel cervical strut-graft mechanics in vitro.', 'The addition of anterior instrumentation does not prevent construct failure in multilevel cervical corpectomy.', 'Six fresh human cadaveric cervical spines (C2-T1) were tested in the four following sequential conditions: harvested, C4-C6 corpectomy, strut-grafted, and strut-grafted with an anterior cervical plate. A force-sensing strut-graft was used to measure compression/tension, flexion/extension and lateral bending moments, and axial torsion. Parameters of stiffness, vertebral motion, and strut-graft loads were compared to determine differences between the four spine conditions.', 'Application of the anterior plate significantly increased the global stiffness (P < 0.01) and decreased the local motion (P < or = 0.01) of the instrumented levels (C3-C7). Flexion of the strut-grafted spine loaded the strut-graft, whereas extension unloaded the strut-graft. With the anterior plate, flexion of the plated spine unloaded the strut-graft. Extension significantly loaded the strut-graft more than similar degrees of flexion in the strut-grafted condition (P = 0.01). Strut-graft loading end limits of 225 N were reached with a mean 7.5 degrees extension in the plated spines.'], 'labels': ['METHODS', 'OBJECTIVE', 'BACKGROUND', 'METHODS', 'RESULTS'], 'meshes': ['Aged', 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'Bone Plates', 'Bone Screws', 'Cadaver', 'Cervical Vertebrae', 'Female', 'Humans', 'Male', 'Movement', 'Rotation', 'Spinal Osteophytosis', 'Weight-Bearing']}"
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Answer: yes"
}
]
|
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