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GATT Library | qr301gf6431 | Working Party 2 on Tariff Negotiations. Second Report to the Contracting Parties. The Request of the Goverment of Pakistan | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, September 1, 1948 | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) and Contracting Parties | 01/09/1948 | official documents | GATT/CP.2/25 and GATT/CP.2/22/Rev.1+Rev.1/Corr.1 CP.2/22/Rev.1/Annex II/Rev.1 CP.2/23-27 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/qr301gf6431 | qr301gf6431_90320042.xml | GATT_148 | 1,383 | 9,031 | RESTRICTED
LIMITED B
GATT/CP.2/25
1 September 1948
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE
Contracting Parties
Second Session
Working Party 2 on Tariff Negotiations
Second Report to the Contracting Parties
The Request of the Goverment of Pakistan
1. At the seventh meeting on 20 August (GATT/CP.2/SR.7)
the Contracting Parties referred to Working Party 2 the
request of the Government of Pakistan for an opportunity to
renegotiate six items contained in Schedule XV with the coun-
tries to whom the concessions had boon initially negotiated by
Pakistan and India in 1947, namely, China Czechoslovakia,
France and the United States (GATT/CP.2/1). This question
has been examined by the Working Party with the assistance of
the representatives of China, Czechosiovakia and Pakistan,
2. The representative of Pakistan explained that his Govorn-
ment had found it necessary to ask for renegotiation, as the
effect of concessions exchanged at Geneva last year on the
economy of Pakistan as a result of partition could not then
have been appreciated. He stated that the return received
by Pakistan in lieu of the concessions given was inadequate
and it could not therefore be said that the concessions
exchanged were on a mutually advr -ageous basis. Pakistan,
he added had taken the first available opportunity to bring
this to the notice of the Contracting Parties.
3. In a paper presented to the Working Party (reproduced
in the annex to this report) the representative of Pakistan
proposed that permission should be granted for the withdrawal
of the concessions on the six items in return for which the
four countries with which the six items had been initially
negotiated would be free to withdraw certain concessions
granted by them. The representative of Pakistan explained
that regardless of the decision on their request for -
deletion of the six items from their Schedule, the items
indicated by them in the second part on their paper should not
be shown as items on which any concessions had been granted
to Pakistan as these items were not produced in Pakistan and
could not be exported therefrom. It was explained to the
representative of Pakistan that it is not intended to publish
any list showing the concessions "granted" to individual
countries, since under the terms of Article II of the
Agreement, concessions have been granted jointly to all
Contracting Parties. The lists to be prepared under the
penultimate paragraph of the Working Partyts first report
will only indicate the countries with which concessions were
initially negotiated. These lists will, for accuracy of
record have to include both India and Pakistan against the
items in questions since Pakistan, though it came into
existence long after the negotiations had started at Geneva,
accepted the negotiations which had boon conducted by the
Government of rndivided India. GATT/CP. 2/25
page 2
4. In response to this proposal, the representative of
India stated that the concessions granted by China,
Czechoslovakia, France and the United States, which Pakistan
now suggested might be withdrawn, had been initially nego-
tiated as much with India as with Pakistan, that the
partition of the country had already changed to India's
disadvantage the balance of the concessions exchanged in
1947, and that India will, therefore, not agree to any
concessions at present received by her being reduced or
withdrawn.
5. The representative of India stated further that India
would have no objection to an arrangement between Pakistan
and other contracting parties concerned which provided
either for new concessions on one side or the other, while
leaving the concessions granted in 1947 unaltered or for
the withdrawal of the six concessions proposed by Pakistan
without compensation to the countries concerned. In this
ease the negotiations might be concluded in a short times
and, since only the reduction of tariffs would be involved,
the consent of the Contracting Parties might be easily
obtained. The representative of Pakistan stated that
their instructions were to ask for the withdrawal of the
six items for reasons already explained and it was not their
intention to suggest that the countries concerned should
necessarily raise tariffs on the items in which Pakistan
was not interested.
6. The Working Party heard the views of the representatives
of a number of countries. Czechoslovakia was prepared to
start immediately in. the hope of concluding an arrangement
before the end of the Second Session. France China and
the United States, on the other hand, could not do more
during the Second Session than hold preliminary talks. In
the case of the United. States, if the negotiations were to
result in changes in the tariff, the usual procedures of
giving public notice, etc. would have to be observed.
7. The members of the Working Party were unanimous in
recognizing Pakistan's case as unique and in their desire
to treat the request with sympathy. The Working Party did
not consider it necessary to examine the question whether
or not there was a lack of balance in the concessions effec-
tive between Pakistan and other countries or between India
and other countries.
8. Accordingly the Working Party decided to recommend the
following procedure:
Pakistan should enter into bilateral negotiations
immediately or as soon as possible with the four governments
with which the six items indicated by Pakistan were initially
negotiated. If any other items, occurring in the Pakistan
or other Schedules, are affected by the outcome of such
bilateral negotiations, similar negotiations should take
place with governments with which those items were initially
negotiated. As soon as these negotiations are concluded,
Pakistan should inform all contracting parties through the
Secretariat of the results of their negotiations so as to
enable a contracting party which is substantially interested GATT/CP.2/25
page 3
to take up the matter with Pakistan or with any other con-
tracting party concerned. The results of the negotiations
in the ensuing months should be reported to the Chairman
of the Contracting Parties as early as possible, but not
later than the opening of the Geneva meeting. The Chairman
of the Contracting Parties should communicate the results
of the negotiations to all the Contracting Parties and in
case no objection is received by the Chairman within thirty
days, he shall so notify all the Contracting Parties and the
Contracting Parties concerned shall then be free to put the
changes into effect. GATT/CP.2/25
page 4
ANNEX PAKISTAN'S REQUEST FOR RE-NEGOTIATIONS
NOTE SUBMITTED BY PAKISTAN DELEGATION
FOR THE CONSIDERATION OF WORKING PARTY NO. 2
In pursuance of the decision of the Contracting Parties
contained in Document No. GATT/CP.2/SR.7, dated 21st August
1948, the Pakistan Delegation suggest the following procedure
for conducting re-negotiations on the following items with
the countries mentioned against each.
(Item 31(4) Camphor U.S.A.
(Item 49(b) Textilc manufactures China
(Item 49(2) Ribbons France
(Item 50(3) Glass beads and Czechoslovakia
false pearls
A. (Item 73(4) Wireless receivers U.S.A.
etc.
(Item 79 Musical instruments U.S.A.
and parts thereof France
and records for
talking machines
1. These items in Pakistan's schedule No. XV of
GATT may be deleted.
2. If 1 above is agreed to, Pakistan will be prepared
to consider deletion by the countries concerned
of one or more of the following items occurring
in their schedules. These items have been selected
because they are not produced in Pakistan and
cannot therefore be exported therefrom.
PAKISTAN-CHINA
(Chinese tariff item No. and brief description
B ( 527 Shellac and button lac
( 423 Leaf tobacco
PAKI STAN-CZECHOSLOVAKIA
C (Czech tariff item No. and brief description
( 174 Shellac
( 280 Coir mats and mattings
( 304 Raw rubber
( 394(b) Stone, slabs, etc.
PAKISTAN-FRANCE
D (French tariff No. and brief description
( 264 Mica blocks splittings
and waste
( 264 Pulverised Mica
1033 g Coir mats and mattings
( GATT/CP.2/25
page 5
PAKISTAN-U. S. A.
(U.S.A. tariff item No. and brief description
( 58 Sandalwood oil
( 208(a) Unmanufactured Mica
( 208(c ) Mica films and splittings
not cut or stamped
Not above 12/1000".
E thick over 12/000" thick
( 208(d) Mica films cut or stamped
( 208(g) Mica waste and scrap
( 761 Cashew nuts
( 764 Niger seeds
( 1022 Coir mattings and articles made
therefrom
As for the time of negotiations it is submitted that
if the above proposals are agreed to, the changes can be
given effect to immediately after the end of the Second
Session of the Contracting Parties. |
GATT Library | zr101ms5180 | Working Party 5 on Article XVIII | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, August 23, 1948 | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) and Contracting Parties | 23/08/1948 | official documents | GATT/CP.2/WP.5/2 and GATT/CP.2/WP.5/1-6 WP.5/5/Add.1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/zr101ms5180 | zr101ms5180_91870489.xml | GATT_148 | 1,446 | 8,808 | RESTRICTED
GATT/CP. 2/WP. 5/2
23 August 1948
ENGLISH
ORIGINAL: SPANISH
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE
CONTRACTING PARTIES
SECOND SESSION
Working Party 5 on Article XVIII
submitted by the Government of Cuba on Article
XVIII, paragraph 7.
1. In document E/PC/T/190 (Restricted) of 2 September
1947, containing the notification which the delegation
of Cuba lodged with the Secretariat of the Second Session
of the Preparatory Commiittee of the United Nations
Conference on Trade and Employment, held in Geneva, it
was noted that Cuba wished to maintain the existing
legal system of import quotas for condensed milks trimmings,
galloons and ribbons; tallow, quebracho, textiles, rubber
goods and rice.
2. Before the end of the Second Sessions Cuba limited
its request to the maintenance of import quotas for
quebracho, sisal (henequen), and trimmings, galloons
and ribbons, referredd to in the Cuban Government's Decree
No, 2155 of 1944.
3. The Cuban delegation now wishes to comply with the
provisions of paragraph 6 of Article XVIII of the
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, by notifying
its final decision, the considerations in support of
its request to maintain quotas in the two cases in
connection with which such a request is being made, and
the period for which quotas are to remain in force,
solely in respect of the Products listed in paragraph
2 above. In this connection the following is noted:
(a) QUEBRACHO (Decrees Nos. 168 and 1388 of 26
January and 15 May 1942).
The Cuban Government renounces the right to
maintain the quota system formerly applied to the
importation of this product.
(b) SISAL (Henequen) (Decree No. 1693 of 23 June 1939).
Owing to the fact that proper technical and
economic methods and implements are not used, the
cultivation of sisal or henequen in Cuba has not
yet reached that degree of perfection necessary
to permit this branch of agriculture to compete
on fair terms with the production of other countries.
This document was distributed in Havana with the symbol
GATT/l/20. GATT/CP. 2/WP. 5/2
page 2.
The maintenance of the quota is justified by
this fact, the additional circumstance that the
cost of producing henequen fibre in Cuba is higher
than in other countries, on account of, among
other reasons, the level of wages, labour: standards,
contributions under social legislation, the value
of Cuban currency in relation to that of other
countries producing the same article, and the further
fact that the importation of the fibre into Cuba
is not taxed.
The suspension of the application of the quota
system to the importation of henequen or sisal
fibres, whether granted now when there is a
sufficient demand for the production of other
countries on the foreign market, or at a time when
this demand has appreciably declined or disappeared
altogether and there is an excess of production
over consuption, will be of advantage neither
to other countries nor to Cuba, but would on the
contrary, in the second case, be decidedly harmful.
In fact the production of this fibre is now
being absorbed by the various nations which require
it, either by native industries, or by industries
located in territories where domestic production
is not sufficient to meet the needs of industries
based on it or where the fibre is not produced,.
Therefore, if the quota system were suspended,
the producer using henequen fibre would not profit
at all from the entry into Cuba of a fibre which
is not going to arrive under present circumstances,
since its markets are more or less fixed.
On the other hand, as the present direct
relation between production and consumption disappears,
and conditions alter so that production exceeds
consumption, countries producing this fibre would
enter the Cuban market to compete directly with
the Cuban producer and would undoubtedly drive
him out, for the reason, already made clear, that
in many of the producing countries, among them
Africa, Java and Haiti, wages are much lower than
those paid in Cuba for the same work, while, in
addition, the Cuban taxation systems the wages
system, and the difference in currency, would mean
that the foreign fibre would certainly be preferred
to the national product on account of its lower
price.
It is not the intention of the Cuban delegation
to maintain this situation indefinitely and it
realizes that the duration of exceptional measures
such as quotas must be limited to a period of
time calculated beforehand to be sufficient to
correct the defects which give rise to on justify
the protective measures. GATT/CP. 2/WP. 5/2
page 3.
It is considered that this period, quite apart
from the period for which the General Agreement
on Tariffs and Trade has been concluded, should
be not less than ten years.
The Cuban delegation is confident that during
this time technically more advanced and perfect
methods of cultivation in place of the primitive
means at present used by Cuban farmers to cultivate
this product, together with the application of new
systems of protection for the farmer, will definitely
enable the Cuban producer to resist the fair
competition of foreign producers within the framework
of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and
that finally agreed upon in the Draft Charter now
being discussed in Havana.
(c) TRIMMINGS, GALLOONS AND RIBBONS (Decree No,
2155 of 21 July 1944).
In 1939 an industry for the Manufacture of
trimmings, galloons and ribbons was established
in Cuba. The duties on these articles (Items 127
A and B and 142 A and B of the Tariff Schedule),
while low, nevertheless made it possible to establish
an industry of this kind, and the raw materials which
were obtained abroad, the level of wages and taxation,
and all the other factors which determined the cost
or production of ribbons, triimiings, braids, and
galloons and other articles of cotton or rayon
or other synthetic fibres, justified a reasonable
margin of protection.
Nevertheless, with the increase in costs
which began to rise as a result of the World War,
the tariff protection was gradually reduced to
vanishing point, and therefore, on 21 July 1944,
the Government of Cuba enacted Decree No. 2155
making the importation of the articles covered by
Items 127 A and B and 142 A and B subject to a
quota system. Had this not been done imports
would have definitely ousted the Cuban. industry
and caused it to disappear.
In order to give an idea of the disproportionate
increase in costs, it is sufficient, to point out
that while the average worker in this industry
received an average wage of six pesos a week, the
average weekly wage which is now being paid and
which has been paid since 1944 is thirty pesos.
The Government of Cuba would have preferred not
to resort to the quota system when this regime was
instituted; it would have preferred to make a very
substantial increase in the duties concerned,
bringing then into line with those prevailing in
almost every other country and especially in the
United States of America. GATT/C P. 2/WP. 5/2
page 4.
However, owing to the constitutional
requirements which have to be complied with in
Cuba, involving the sending of a message by the
Executive to Congress requesting the approval
of a law for an increase in tariffs, the approval
of such a law by both Houses of Congress and its
subsequent ratification by the Executive would
imply the lapse of a long period of time at the
end of which the measure would probably have
proved to be useless, since the industry would
have already disappeared.
One million peses were invested in the
establishment of the industry in question, while
the annual wage bill is not less than 25O,000 pesos,
and the industry provides a livelihood for more
than 250 workers.
Should it prove impossible to maintain the
quota system the investments, would undoubtedly be
lost, but great as this loss would be, it would
be trivial compared to the fact that more than
250 employees would be thrown out of work and added
to the number of unemployed, consequently prejudicing
the economic development of Cuba, a result which
would be contrary to the basic principles set
forth in the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
and in the Draft Charter for an International
Trade Organization.
In conclusion, the delegation of Cuba requests
that Cuba be allowed to maintanin the quota system
established by Decree No. 2155 of l944 in the
form laid down in that document, until such time
as Congress enacts a law increasing duties to the
extent necessary to permit the industry to operate
without a quota system , or for a period of ten
years, should such a law not be enacted.
Havana, 10 March. 1948. |
GATT Library | cc579zf8143 | Working party 6 on the United States Proposal Relating to Western Germany : Report submitted to the Contracting Parties as revised by the Contracting Parties at the 19th Meeting on 6th September | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, September 8, 1948 | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) and Contracting Parties | 08/09/1948 | official documents | GATT/CP.2/32/Rev.1 and GATT/CP.2/28 - 36 CP.2/32/Rev.1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/cc579zf8143 | cc579zf8143_90320049.xml | GATT_148 | 2,304 | 14,749 | RESTRICTED
LIMITED B
GATT/CP.2/32/Rev .1
8 September 1948
Original: ENGLISH
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE
Contracting Parties
Second Session
Working party 6 on the United States Proposal
Report submitted to the Contracting Parties as revised
by the Contracting Parties at the 19th Meeting on
6th September.
1. The Working Party held three meetings under the Chair-
manship of Dr. G. GUTIERREZ (Cuba). All members of the,
Working Party, namely, Australia, Canada, China, Cuba, France,
the Netherlands, Pakistan, the United Kingdom and the United
States, took an active part in the deliberations, and in
addition the representative for New Zealand informed the
Working Party of the views of his Government.
2. The following were the Working Party's terms of
reference:
(a) To consider the appropriateness of the procedure
suggested by the United States having regard to
the Final Note in Annex 1 to the General Agreement
on Tariffs and Trade and to the arguments advanced
in the course of the discussion at this Session.
(b) Having regard to (a) above, to consider the draft
agreement submitted by the United States and to
make recommendations thereon to the Contracting
Parties.
3. The Working Party first considered the appropriateness
of the procedure suggested by the representative of the United
States in the light of the discussions at the 10th and 12th
meetings of the Contracting Parties on the 23rd and 25th of
August.
4. The representative of Australia expressed the view that,
as it was generally accepted that the proposed agreement
would be entirely separate from the General Agreement and
that any difficulties which might arise between signatories
would be matters for adjustment between the signatories
concerned, the question was beyond the competence and authority
of the CONTRACTING PARTIES; in the light of these and other
considerations to which he referred it would be inexpedient
and improper for the meeting of the Contracting Parties to
make recommendations regarding the form of the proposed
agreement. The representative of New Zealand stated that his
Government held similar views and considered that the agree-
ment proposed by the United States should be taken up
bilaterally with Governments interested rather than at meetings
of the Contracting Parties.
5. All other members of the Working Party supported the
proposal of the United States representative to prepare a
multilateral agreement, along the lines of the attached text
and limited in scope to most-favoured-nation treatment for
Western Germany, and wished to proceed with the preparation GATT/CP.2/32/Rev.1.
page 2.
of a draft which might be signed by those contracting parties
which wished to adhere to it. The representative of China
stated that his Government did not wish any agreement that
might be signed in respect of Western Germany to be accepted
as a precedent to be applied later to the trade of Japan.
6. The Working Party then examined the draft agreement
proposed by the Government of the United States in document
GATT/CP.2/W/5. In submitting the draft agreement contained
in the Annex to this Report, the Working Party does not suggest
that it should be formally approved. The Working Party
believes that the agreement is now in a form in which it will
be acceptable to many of the Contracting Parties. It is
included in this Report, together with the following explanatory
notes on a few points which received particular attention
during the discussions, merely for purposes of record.
7. It will be noticed that the Agreement does not provide
a fixed date of termination but that in Article I there is
provision for the automatic termination of the obligation of
all signatories to grant most-favoured-nation treatment in
respect of any area of Western Germany when such area ceasos
to be under military occupation or control. Also under
Article V signatories can withdraw from the Agreement from
January 1, 1951.
8. The Working Party would draw attention to two phrases
used in Article 1. First, the term "merchandise trade"
means trade in goods and is used in preference to "products"
which would in this context exclude trade in goods produced
elsewhere than in the area concerned, and also in preference
to the word "trade" which might be interpreted to include
services such as insurance, shipping, etc. Secondly, the
reference to the most-favoured-nation provisions of the
General Agreement is meant to cover all the provisions of
the General Agreement relevant to most-favoured-nation treat-
ment as well as Article I.
9. The Working Party desires to point out that under
Article II a signatory would be obligated to extend most-
favoured-nation treatment to the occupied areas concerned
only for such time and to such extent as its merchandise trade
received most-favoured-nation treatment. The standard of the
treatment to be accorded is set by the most-favoured-nation
provisions of the General Agreement (including the exceptions)
and accordingly, under the reciprocity clause of Article II,
the same standard would be used to measure the treatment
received. If in the judgment of a signatory that signatory
was not actually receiving the most-favoured-nation treatment
conforming to the standard, it would not consider itself
obligated to grant treatment in accordance with the standard.
Differences of view between signatories would naturally,
however, be the subject of consultation.
10. A statement by the United States delegation relating
to non-tariff trade measures in the U.S.-U.K. Zones of Western
Germany has been circulated (GATT/CP.2/WP.6/2). The United
States delegation offered to seek from the appropriate
authorities, as soon as possible, information as to what, if GATT/CP.2/32.Rev/1
Page 3
any, tariffs are imposed in these zones.
11. With respect to the reference in Article III to "the
principles relating to the reduction of tariffs on a mutually
advantageous basis which are set forth in the Havana Charter",
these provisions are designed to permit a signatory to with-
hold most-favoured-nation treatment in the event of the
failure of an area under occupation - assuming that signi-
ficant or effective tariffs were to be imposed by such area -
to negotiate in accordance with the principles of Article 17
of the Havana Charter and in conformity with the established
procedure for tariff negotiations.
12, Article IV was inserted in the Agreement in order that
there should be no misunderstanding as to the independence of
this Agreement and the General Agreement on. Tariffs and Trade
and the Havana Charter. There would be no obligation upon
any Contracting Party to sign this Agreement, and the rights
and obligations of any Contracting Party which decides not
to sign would not be in any way affected thereby.
13, A third paragraph has been added to Article V to provide
for a meeting of signatories on the request of three or more
signatories with a view to reviwing the operation of the
Agreement and agreeing upon such revisions as rnay be
appropriate.
14. Finally, with respect to the proposed interpretative
Note; the Working Party considers that, as in the case of
countervailing duties applied under paragraph 2 of Article VI
of the General Agreement, the estimate of the amount of
subsidy determined to have been granted would rest with the
signatory country applying the countervailing duty, although
such an estimate could be questioned by the affected
signatory in the course of consultation. GATT/CP.2/32.Rev/1
Page 4
A N N E X
AGREEMENT ON MOST-FAVOURED-NATION
TREATMENT FOR AREAS OF WESTERN GERMANY
UNDER MILITARY OCCUPATION
Being desirous of facilitating to the fullest
extent possible the reconstruction and recovery of the
world from the destruction wrought by the recent war,
Believing that one of the most important steps
towards such reconstruction and recovery on a sound basis
is the restoration of international trade in accordance
with the principles of the Havana Charter for an International
Trade Organization, and
Considering that the application of reciprocal
most-favoured-nation treatment to the trade of the areas
of Western Germany under military occupation will
contribute to the foregoing objectives,
The signatories agree to the following provisions:
Article I
For such time as any signatory of this Agreement
participates in the occupation or control of any area in
Western Germany, each of the signatories shall accord to
the merchandise trade of such area the treatment provided
for in the most-favoured-nation provisions of the General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, dated October 30, 1947,
as now or hereafter amended.
Article II
The undertaking by a signatory provided for in
Article I shall apply to the merchandize trade of any area
referred to therein only for such tine and to such extent
as such area accords reciprocal most-favoured-nation
treatment to the merchandise trade of the territory of
such signatory.
Article III
The undertaking in Article I is entered into in the
light of the absence, on the date of this Agreement, of
effective or significant tariff barriers to imports into
the areas referred to therein. In the event that
effective or significant tariff barriers are thereafter
imposed in any such area, such undertaking shall be
without prejudice to the application by any signatory
of the principles relating to the reduction of tariffs on
a mutually advantageous basis which are set forth in the
Havana Charter for an International Trade Organization GATT/CP.2/32.Rev/1
page 5
Article IV
The rights and obligations established by this
Agreement are to be understood as entirely independent
of any rights or obligations which are or may be established
by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade or by the
Havana Charter.
Article V
1. This Agreement shall be open for signatur'e at
Geneva on this day and shall remain open for signature
thereafter at the Headquartors of the United Nations. The
Agreement shall enter into force for each signatory upon
the expiration of 30 days from the day en which such
signatory signs the Agreement.
2. The undertakings in this Agreement shall remain
in force until January 1, 1951, and, except for any
signatory which at least six months before January 1, 1951
shall have deposited with the Secreta-General of the
United Nations a notice in writing of intention to withdraw
from this Agreement on that date, they shall remain in
force thereafter subject to the right of any signatory
to withdraw upon the expiration of six months from the
date on which such a notice shall have been so deposited.
3. On the request of any three signatories to this
Agreement, and in any event not later than January 1 1951,
the Government of the Ktngdom of the Netherlands shall
promptly convene a meeting of all signatories with a view
to reviewing the operation of the Agreement and agreeing
upon such revisions as may be appropriate.
Article VI
1. The interpretative notes to this Agreement which
are contained in the Annexure shall constitute in integral
part thereof.
2, The original of this Agreement shall. be deposited
with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall
send a certified copy thereof to each country to which it
is open for signature, and he is authorized to effect
registration thereof pursuant to paragraph 1 of Article 102
of the Charter of the United Nations.
3. The Secretary-General shall notify each signatory
of the date of each signature of this Agreement subsequent
to the date of the Agreement or of any notice of intention
to withdraw pursuant to paragraph 2 of Article V. GATT/CP .2/32/Rev.1
page 6
ANNEXURE
Interpretative notes.
1. It is recognized that the absence of a uniform rate of
exchange for the currency of the areas in Western Germany,
referred to in Article I may have the effect of indirectly
subsidizing the exports of such areas to an extent which it
would be difficult to calculate exactly. So long as such a
condition exists, and if consultation with the appropriate
authorities fails to result within a reasonable time in an
agreed solution to the problem, it is understood that it would
not be inconsistent with the undertaking in Article I for any
signatory to levy a countervailing duty on imports of such
goods, equivalent to the estimated amount of such
subsidization, where such signatory determines that the
subsidization is such as to cause or threaten material
injury to an established domestic industry or is such as to
prevent or materially retard the establishment of a domestic
industry. In circumstances of special urgency, where delay
would cause damage which it would be difficult to repair,
action may be taken provisionally without prior consultation,
on the condition that consultation shall be effected
immediately after taking such action.
2. The reference to the most-favoured-nation provisions
of the General Agreement is understood to cover all the
provisions of the General Agreement relevant to most-
favoured-nation treatment as well as Article I.
3. The standard of the treatment to be accorded is set
by all the most-favoured-nation provisions of the General
Agreement (including the exceptions) and accordingly, under
the reciprocity clause of Article II of this Agreement, the
same standard would be used to measure the treatment received,
If in the judgment of a signatory, that signatory was not
actually receiving the most-favoured-nation treatment conform-
ing to the standard it would not consider itself obligated
to grant treatment in accordance with the standard.
Differences of view between signatories would naturally
however, be the subject of consultation.
4. The reference in Article III to "the principles relating
to the reduction of tariffs on a mutually advantageous basis
which are set forth in the Havana Charter", is designed to
permit a signatory to withhold most-favoured-nation treatment
in the event of the failure of an area under occupation -
assuming that significant or effective tariffs were to be
imposed by such area - to negotiate in accordance with the
principles of Article 17 of the Havana Charter and in conformity
with the established procedure for tariff negotiations.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the respective representatives,
duly authorised, have signed this Agreement.
Done at Geneva in a single copy, in the English and
French languages botA texts authentic this day
of September, 1948.
[signatures] |
GATT Library | vx241xk2999 | Working Party 6 on the United States Proposal Relating to Western Germany : Report to the Contracting Parties | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, September 3, 1948 | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) and Contracting Parties | 03/09/1948 | official documents | GATT/CP.2/32 and GATT/CP.2/28 - 36 CP.2/32/Rev.1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/vx241xk2999 | vx241xk2999_90320048.xml | GATT_148 | 2,082 | 13,261 | RESTRICTED
LIMITED B
GATT/CP.2/32
3 September 1948
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE
Contracting Parties
Second Session
Working Party 6 on the United States Proposal
Relating to Western Germany
Report to the Contracting Parties
1. The Working Party held three meetings under the Chair-
manship of Dr. G. GUTIERREZ (Cuba). All members of the
Working Party, namely, Australia, Canada, China, Cuba, France,
the Netherlands, Pakistan, the United Kingdom and the United
States, took an active part in the deliberations, and in
addition the representative for New Zealand informed the
Working Party of the views of his Government.
2. The following were the Working Party 's terms of
reference:
(a). To consider the appropriateness of the procedure
suggested by the United States having regard to
the Final Note in Annex 1 to the General Agreement
on Tariffs and Trade and to the arguments advanced
in the course of the discussion at this Session.
(b) Having regard to (a) above , to consider the draft
agreement submitted by the United States and to
make recommendations thereon to the Contracting
Parties.
3. The Working Party first considered the appropriateness
of the procedure suggested by the representative of the United
States in the light of the discussions at the 10th and 12th
meetings of the Contracting Paties on the 23rd and 25th of
August.
4: The representative of Australia expressed the view that,
as it was generally accepted that the proposed agreement
would be entirely separate from the General Agreement and
that any difficulties which might arise between signatories
would be matters for adjustment between the signatories con-
cerned, the question was beyond the competence and authority
of the CONTRACTING PARTIES; in the light of these and other
considerations to which he referred it would be inexpedient
and improper for the meeting of the Contracting Parties to
make recommendations regarding the form of he proposed
agreement. The representative of New Zealand stated that his
government held similar views and considered that the agree-
ment proposed by the United States should be taken up
bilaterally with governments interested rather than at meetings
of the Contracting Parties.
5: All other members of the Working Party supported the
proposal of the United States representatiive to prepare a
multilateral agreement; along the lines of the attached text
and limited in scope to most-favoured-nation treatment for
Western Germany, and wished to proceed with the preparation GATT/CP.2/32
Page 2
of a draft which might be signed by those contracting parties
which wished to adhere to it. The representative of China
stated that his Government did not wish any agreement that
night be signed in respect of western Germany to be accepted
as a precedent to be applied later to the trade of Japan.
6. The Working Party then examined the draft agreement
proposed by the Government of the United States in document
GATT/CP.2/W/5. In submitting to the Contracting Parties the
draft agreement contained in the Annex to this Report, the
Working Party does not suggest that it should be formally
approved. The Working Party believes that the agreement is
now in a form in which it will be acceptable to many of the
Contracting Parties. It is included in this Report, to-
gether with the following explanatory notes on a few points
which received particular attention during the discussions,
merely for purposes of record.
7. It will be noticed that the Agreement does not provide
a fixed date of ternination but that in Article I there is
provision for the automatic termination of the obligation of
all signatories to grant most-favoured-nation treatment in
respect of any area of western Germany when such area ceases
to be under military occupation or control. Also under
Article 7 signatories can withdraw from the Agreement from
January 1, 1951.
8. The Working Party would draw attention to two phrases
used in Article 1. First, the torn "merchandise trade"
means trade in goods and is used in preference to "products",
which would in this context exclude trade in goods produced
elsewhere than in the area concerned, and also in preference
to the word "trade" which might be interpreted to include
services such as insurance, shipping, etc. Secondly, the
references to the most-favoured-nation provisions of the
General Agreerment is meant to cover all the provisions of
the General Agreement relevant to most-favoured-nation treatment
as well as Article I.
9. The Working Party desires to point out that under
Article II a signatory would be obligated to extend most-
favoured-nation treatment to the occupied areas concerned
only for such time and to such extent as its mrerchandise trade
received most-favoued-nation treatment, The standard of the
treatment to be accorded is set by the mest-favoured-nation
provisions of the General Agreenent (including the exceptions)
and accordingly, under the reciprocity clause of Article II,
the same standard would be used to measure the treatment
received. If in the judgment of a signatory, that signatory
wa- not actually receiving the mest-favoured-nation treatment
conferning to the standard, it would not consider itself
obligated to grant treatment in accordance with the standard.
Differences of view between signatories would naturally,
however, be the subject of consultation.
10. A statememt by the United Stales delegation relating
to non-tariff trace measures in the U.S.-U.K. Zones of western
Germany has been circulated (GATT/CP.2/WP.6/2). The United
States delegatioon offered to seek from the appropriate
authorities, as soon as possible, information as to what, if GATT/CP.2/32
Page 3
any, tariffs are imposed in these zones.
11. With respect to the reference in Article III to "the
principle's relating to the reduction of tariffs on a mutually
advantageous basis which are set forth in the Havana Chartor",
these provisions are designed to permit a signatory to with.
hold most-favoured-nation treatment in the event of the failure
of an area under occupation - assuming that significant or
effective tariffs were to be imposed by such area - to negotiate
in accordance with the - principles of Article 17 of the Havana
Charter and in conformity with the established procedure for
tariff negotiations.
12. Article IV was inserted in the Agreement in order that
there should be no misunderstandin- as to the independence of
this Agreement and the General Agreenent on Tariffs and Trade
and the Havana Charter. There would be no obligation upon
any Contracting Party to sign this Agreement, and the rights
and obligations of any Contracting Party which decides not
to sign would not be in any way affected thereby.
13. A third paragraph has boon added to Article V to provide
for a meeting of signatories on the request , of three or more
signatories with a vriew to reviewing the operations of the
Agreement and agreeing upon such revisions as may be appropriate.
14. Finally, with respect to the proposed Interpretative
Note, the Working Party considers that, as in the case of
countervailing duties applied under paragraph 2 of Article VI
of the General Agreement, the estimate of the amount of
subsidy determined to have been granted would rest with the
signatory country applying the countervailing duty, although
such an estimate could be questioned by the affected signatory
in the course of consultation. GATT/CP.2/32
Page 4
A N N E X
DRAFT AGREEMENT ONd MOST-FAVOURED-NASTION
TREATMENT FOR AREAS OF WESTERN GERMANY
UNDER MILITARY OCCUPATION
Being desirous of facilitating to the fullest
extent possible the reconstruction and recovery of the
world from the destruction wrought by the recent war,
Believing that one of the most important steps
toward such reconstruction and recovery on a sound basis
is the restoration of international trade in accordance
with the principles of the Havana Charter for an International
Trade Organization, and
Considering that the application of reciprocal
most-favoured-nation treatment to the trade of the areas
of Western Germany under military occupation will
contribute to the foregoing objectives,
The signatories agree to the following provisions:
Article I
For such time as any signatory of this Agreement
participates in the occupation or control of any area
ir. Western Germany, each of the signatories shall accord
to the merchandise trade of such area the treatment
provided for in the rmost-favoured-nation provisions of
the General agreement on Tariffs and Trade, dated October
30, 1947, as now or hereafter amended.
Article IX
The undertaking by a signatory provided for in
Article I shall apply to the merchandise trade of any
area referred to therein only for such tile and to such
extent as such area accords reciprocal nost-favoured-nation
treatment to the merchants .se trade of the territory of such
signatory.
Article III
The undertaking in Article I is entered into in the
light of the absence, on the date of this Agreement, of
effective or significant tariff barriers to imports into
the areas referred to therein. In the event that
effective or significant tariff barriers are thereafter
imposed in any such area, such undertaking shall be
without prejudice to the application by any signatory
of the principles relating to the reduction of tariffs
on a mutually advantageous basis which are set forth
in the Havana Charter for an International Trade
Organization.
Article IV
The lights and obligations established by this
Agreement are to be understood as entirely independent
of the rights and obligations which are or may be
established by the General Agreement on Tariffs and GATT/CP. 2/32
Page 5
Trade or by the Havana Charter.
Article V
1. This Agreement shall be open for signature at
Geneva on this day and shall remain open for signature
thereafter at the Headquarters of the United Nations.
The Agreement shall enter into force for each signatory
upon the expiration of 30 days from the day on which
such signatory signs the agreement.
2. The undertakings in this Agreement shall
remain in force until January 1, 1951, and, except for
any signatory which at least six months before January 1
1951 shall have deposited with the Secretary-General of
the United Nations a notice in writing of intention to
withdraw from this Agreement on that date, they shall
remain in force thereafter subject to the right of any
signatory to withdraw upon the expiration of six months
from the date on which such a notice shall have been so
deposited.
3. On the request of any three signatories to
this Agreement, and in any event not later than January
1; 1951, the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
shall promptly convene a meeting of all signatories with a
view to reviewing the operation of the Agreement and agreeing
upon such revisions as may be appropriate.
Article VI
1. The interpretative note to this Agreement shall
constitute an integral part thereof.
2. The original of this agreement shall be deposited
with the Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall
send a certified copy thereof to each country to which it
is open for signature, and he is authorized to effect
registration thereof pursuant to paragraph 1 of Article 102
of the Charter of the United Nations.
3. The Secretary-General shall notify each signatory
of the date of each signature of this Agreement subsequent
to the date of the Agreement or of any notice of intention
to withdraw pursuant to paragraph 2 of Article V.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the respective representatives,
duly authorised, have signed this Agreement.
Done at Geneva, in a single copy, in the English and
French languages, both texts authentic this day
of September, 1948.
[signatures] GATT/CP.2/32
Page 6
Interpretative Note
It is recognized that the absence of a uniform
rate of exchange for the currency of the areas in Western
Germany, referred to in Article I may have the effect of
indirectly subsidizing the exports of such areas to an
extent which it would be difficult to calculate exactly.
So long as such a condition exists, and if consultation
with the appropriate authorities fails to result within
a reasonable tine in an agreed solution to the problem,
it is understood that it would not be inconsistent with
the undertaking in Article I for any signatory to levy
a countervailing duty on imports of such goods, equivalent
to the estimated amount of such subsidization, where such
signatory determines that the subsidization is such as to
cause or threaten material injury to an established
domestic industry or is such as to prevent or .materially
retard the establishment of a domestic industry. In
circumstances of special urgency, where delay would cause
damage which it would be difficult to repair, action may
be taken provisionally without prior consultation, on the
condition that consultation shall be effected immediately
after taking such action.
?M |
GATT Library | rf267fn2494 | Working Party 7 on the Cuban schedule | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, September 11, 1948 | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) and Contracting Parties | 11/09/1948 | official documents | GATT/CP.2/WP.7/1 and GATT/CP.2/WP.7/1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/rf267fn2494 | rf267fn2494_91870508.xml | GATT_148 | 116 | 791 | RESTRICTED
LIMITED C
GATT/CP.2/WP.7/1
11 September, 1948
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE
Contracting Parties
Second Session
WORKING PARTY 7 ON THE CUBAN SCHEDULE
Membership:
Mr. L.D. WILGRESS, Chairman
Cuba
India
Netherlands
United States
Terms of reference:
To consider, in the light of the factual evidence
submitted to it, the request of the Government of Cuba
relating to the renegotiation of certain tariff items
listed in Schedule IX of the General Agreement and the
statement of the United States representatives relating
to Resolution 530 of the Government of Cuba on the
importation of textiles, and to recommend to the
CONTRACTING PARTIES a practical solution consistent
with the principles and provisions of the General
Agreement. |
GATT Library | nc141wx6743 | Working Party No. 3 on Modifications of the General Agreement | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, August 19, 1948 | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) and Contracting Parties | 19/08/1948 | official documents | GATT/CP.2/WP.3/1 and GATT/CP.2/WP.3/1-6 WP.3/6/Corr.1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/nc141wx6743 | nc141wx6743_91870479.xml | GATT_148 | 125 | 831 | RESTRICTED
GATT/CP.2/WP.3/1
19 August 1948
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE
Contracting Parties
Second Session.
Working Party No. 3 on Modifications
of the General Agreement
Membership:
Chairman:
Dr. A. B. SPEEKENBRINK (Netherlands)
Australia
Brazil
Canada
China
France
Norway
Syria
United Kingdom
United States
Terms of Reference
To consider the specific proposals which have been
made during the course of the debate on Items 4 and 5 of the
Agenda in order to reconcile the different points of view
which have been expressed and to propose a solution
designed to secure the agreement of the Contracting Parties;
and to consider the means of giving effect to its proposals
in order to facilitate signature of the necessary instrument
at this session of the Contracting Parties. |
GATT Library | ns511vn6869 | Working Party No. 4 on the Reservation of Ceylon | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, August 21, 1948 | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) and Contracting Parties | 21/08/1948 | official documents | GATT/CP.2/WP.4/1 and GATT/CP.2/WP.4/1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/ns511vn6869 | ns511vn6869_91870486.xml | GATT_148 | 109 | 736 | RESTRICTED
LIMITED C
GATT/CP. 2/WP .4/1
21 August, 1948
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE
Contracting Parties
Second Session
Working Party No. )4 on the Reservation of Ceylon
Membership
Chairman:
Dr. Z. Augenthaler (Czechoslovakia)
Australia
Belgium
Canada
Ceylon
China
Norway
United Kingdom
United States
Terms of Reference
To examine the reservation of the Government of Ceylon
to its signature of the Protocol of Provisional Application,
and to consider the possibilities of a solution in
accordance with the terms of the reservation or in
accordance with the provisions of Article XXIII or Article
XXV or of other relevant provisions of the General Agreement
on Tariff s and Trade. |
GATT Library | bg554jh8840 | Working Party No. 5 on Article XVIII | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, August 23, 1948 | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) and Contracting Parties | 23/08/1948 | official documents | GATT/CP.2/WP.5/1 and GATT/CP.2/WP.5/1-6 WP.5/5/Add.1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/bg554jh8840 | bg554jh8840_91870488.xml | GATT_148 | 75 | 551 | RESTRICTED
LIMIITED C
GATT/CP .2/WP. 5/1
23 August 1948
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE
Contracting Parties
Second Session,
Working Party No. 5 on Article XVIII
Membership
Chairman: Mr. R.J. Shackle (United Kingdom)
Australia
Brazil
Cuba
France
Netherlands
Norway
United States
Terms of Reference
To consider the lists of products affected by non-
discriminatory measures notified under paragraph 6 of
Article XVIII in document GATT/CP.2/4/Add.2, and to
submit recommendations to the Contracting Parties. |
GATT Library | hw424mj8148 | Working Party No. 6 on the United States Proposal Relating to Western Germany | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, August 25, 1948 | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) and Contracting Parties | 25/08/1948 | official documents | GATT/CP.2/WP.6/1 and GATT/CP.2/WP.6/1-3 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/hw424mj8148 | hw424mj8148_91870502.xml | GATT_148 | 119 | 805 | RESTRICTED
GATT/CP.2/WP.6/1
25 August, 1948
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE
Contracting Parties
Second Session
Working Party No. 6 on the United
States Proposal Relating to Western Germany
Membership:
Chairman: Dr. G. GUTIERREZ (Cuba)
Australia
Canada
China
Cuba
France
Netherlands
Pakistan
United Kingdom
United States.
Terms of Reference:
(a) To consider the appropriateness of the procedure
suggested by the United States having regard to the Final
Note in Annex I to the General Agreement on Tariffs and
Trade and to the arguments advanced in the course of the
discussion at this Session.
(b) Having regard to (a) above, to consider the draft
agreement submitted by the United States and to make
recommendations thereon to the Contracting Parties. |
GATT Library | mq287tt3693 | Working Party No.1 on Expenditure | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, August 17, 1948 | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) and Contracting Parties | 17/08/1948 | official documents | GATT/CP.2/WP.1/1 and GATT/CP.2/WP.1/1 WP.1/2 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/mq287tt3693 | mq287tt3693_91870468.xml | GATT_148 | 97 | 692 | RESTRICTED
GATT/CP. 2/WP. 1/1
17 August 1948
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE
Contracting Partsies
Second Session
Working Party No. 1 on Expenditure
Membership:
The Chairman and Vice Chairman
Representatives of:
Australi.:-
Ceylon
Syria.
United Kingdom
United States
Terms of Reference:
To prepare recommendations:
(a) as to the method of financing Secretariat
services for the Contracting Parties;
(b) as to the apportionment of such expenses
among Contracting Parties in the event that it
is recommended that the Contracting Parties
should individually reimburse the Interim
Commission of the ITO at intervals, for example,
at each session. |
GATT Library | tx286pw2208 | Working Party No.2 on Future Tariff Negotiations | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, August 17, 1948 | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization) and Contracting Parties | 17/08/1948 | official documents | GATT/CP.2/WP.2/1 and GATT/CP.2/WP.2/1-5 WP.2/2 not issued WP.2/3/Rev.1-3 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/tx286pw2208 | tx286pw2208_91870472.xml | GATT_148 | 97 | 656 | RESTRICTED
LIMITED
GATT/CP. 2/WP. 2/1
17 August 1948
ORIGINAL : ENGLISH
GENERAL AGREEMENT ON TARIFFS AND TRADE
Contracting Parties
Second Session
Working Party No.2 on Future Tariff Negotiations
Membership
Chairman:
Belgium
Brazil
France
Lebanon
South Africa
United Kingdom
United States
Terms of Reference
Mr. ADARKAR (India)
To study the question of the scheduling of future
tariff negotiations, and the incorporation of the results
of such negotiations in the General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade, in the light of the discussions that have taken
place in the full meeting; and to report on the procedure
to be followed. |
GATT Library | fq762bg9603 | Working party on paragraph 2 of Article 98. Redraft suggested by the Delegation of Cuba | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, February 16, 1948 | Sixth Committee: Organization | 16/02/1948 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.6/W.101 and E/CONF. 2/C. 6/W. 81-118/ADD. 1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/fq762bg9603 | fq762bg9603_90200227.xml | GATT_148 | 104 | 687 | United Nations
CONFERENCE
ON
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Nations Unies
CONFERENCE
DU
COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI
RESTRICTED
E/CONF.2/C.6/W.101
16 February 1948
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
SIXTH COMMITTEE: ORGANIZATIONS
WORKING PARTY ON PARAGRAPH 2 OF ARTICLE 98
REDRAFT SUGGESTED BY THE DELEGATION OF CUBA
"2. This Charter shall enter into force on the sixtieth day
following the day on which twenty nations representing at least
more than fifty per cent of the world trade shall have deposited.
instruments of acceptance pursuant to paragraph of this Articles,
provided one year has elapsed since the date of signature of the
Final Act of the Ravana Conference on Trade and Employment." |
GATT Library | gv809tq6847 | Working party on the Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization : Note by the Executive Secretary | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, February 25, 1948 | Sixth Committee: Organization | 25/02/1948 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.6/W.117 and E/CONF. 2/C. 6/W. 81-118/ADD. 1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/gv809tq6847 | gv809tq6847_90200249.xml | GATT_148 | 1,137 | 7,912 | United Nations Nations Unies RESTRICTED
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE E/CONF.2/C.6/W.117
ON DU 25 February 1948 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI
SIXTH COMMITTEE: ORGANIZATION
WORKING PARTY ON THE INTERIM COMMISSION FOR THE
INTERNATIONAL TRADE ORGANIZATION
Note by the Executive Secretary
1. In the course of the discussions in the Working Party, the Chairman has
from time to times suggested that the Interim Commission be established by a
resolution of the Conference rather than by means of an arrangement to be
signed by governments as originally proposed. The object of this suggestion
has been to overcome some of the difficulties which the signature of a formal
"arrangement" might present to certain delegations.
2. Accordingly, the following draft resolution and annex are submitted for
consideration as a possible alternative to the "arrangement". It will be
noted that the annex consists substantially of the text of the former
arrangement as redrafted in the Working Party after first and second readings.
THE UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
HAVING prepared a Charter for an International Trade Organization
(hereinafter referred to as "the Charter" and "the Organization"
respeotively)
CONSIDERING that pending the establishment of the Organization
certain interim functions should be performed.
HEREBY RESOLVES to establish an Interia Commission for the
International Trade Organization (hereinafter called "the Commission")
consisting of representatives of the governments* which have approved
this resolution and which are entitled to original membership of the
Organization under Article 68 of the Charter. The terms of reference
and structure of the Commission are set out in the Annex to this
resolution and which form an integral part thereof.
* The governments of .................................................................... E/CONF.2 /C.6/W.117
Page 2
ANNEX 1. The Commission shall appoint an Executive Committee of eighteen members
to exercise any or all of its functions as the Commission may determine on
appointing the Committee
2. The Commission shall have the following functions:
(a) to convoke the first regular of the of the Conference of the
Organization (hereinafter referred to as "the Conference") not more
than six montha after the receipt of the receipt of the last acceptiance needed to
bring the Charter into force;
of the Conference, together with documents and recommendations
relating to all matters upon this agenda, including:
(i) proposal as to the programme and budget for the
first year of the Organizadon;
(ii) studies regarding selection of headquarters of
the Organization;
(iii) draft financial and staff regulations,
(o) to prepare, in consultation with the United Nations, a draft
agreement of relationship, as contemplated in paragraph 1 of Article 84
of the Charter for consideration by the first regular session of the
Conference;
(d) toprepare, in consultation with inter-governmental organizations
other than the United Nation, for presentation to the first regular
session of the Conference, documents and recommendations regarding
the implementation, of paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 84 of the Charter;
(e) to prepare, in consultation with non-governmental organizations,
for presentation to the first regular session of the Conference
recommendations regarding the implementation of paragraph 3 of
Article 84 of the Character;
(f) to prepare, with a view to recommendation by the Economic and
Social Council to the first regular session of the Conference, the
Annex referred to in paragraph 3 of Article 87 of the Charter;
(g) to examine the powers, responsibilities and activities in the
field of industrial and general economic development of the United
Nations, of the specialized agencies and of other inter-governmental
organizations, including regional organizations, and the availability
of facilities for technical surveys or studies of the natural.
resources of underdeveloped countries or the possibilities of their
industrial development, whether general or in relation to the
/processing E/CONF.2/C.6/W.117
Page 3
processing of locally produced raw materials or other particular
industries, or for the improvement of their system of transportation
and communications, or with respect to the manner in which investment -
of foreign capital may contribute to their economic development; in
the light of this examination to report to the first regular session
of the Conference upon the structure and administrative methods and
the working relations with the United Nations, the specialized agencies
and other inter-governmental organizations, which will enable the
Organization most effectively to carry out its positive functions for
the promotion of economic development of Members, the report to be -
submitted in such a manner and at such a time as will enable the taking
of appropriate action at the f first session;
(h) to enter into consultations with the Secretary-General of the
United Nations regarding the expenses incurred by the Preparatory
Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment
and by that Conference and, in the light of such consultations, to
present a report to the first regular session of' the Conference.
3. The Commission shall elect its officers and adopt its rules of procedure.
4. The Commission shall appoint an Executive Secretary who shall be its
chief administrative officer. The Executive Secretary shall also perform
such other functions and duties as the Commission may determine.
5. The Executive Secretary shall appoint the staff of the Commission using
as he considers desirable such assistance as may be extended to him by the
Secretary-General of the United Nations.
6. The Executive Secretary shall prepare and the Commission shall approve
the budget estimates for the operation of the Commission, including proposals
regarding the structure of the Secretariat. The expenses of the Commission
shall be met from funds provided by the United Nations and for this purpose
the Commission shall make the necessary arrangements with the Secretary-
General of the United Nations for the advance of such funds and for their
reimbursement. Should these funds be insufficient, the Commission may
accept advances from Governments. Such advances from Governments may be
set off against the contributions to the Organization of the Governments
concerned.
7. The services of the Secretariat of the Commission shall be made available
to the Contracting Parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
acting jointly in accordance with Article XXV thereof, at their request,
upon terms to be agreed with the Commission.
8. Arrangements may be made vith the Secretary-General, of the United Nations
/regarding E/CONF.2/C.6/W.117
Page 4
regarding the provision of such personnel as may be required to carry on
the vork of the Interim Co-ordinating Committee for Internatioral Commodity
Arrangementa.
9. The Commission shall hold its first meeting in Havana immediately after
its establishment and shall meet thereafter as of ten as may be necessary.
The headquarters of the Comission shall be located at ............................
10. The Executive Committee shall submit a report of the activities of the
Commission to the first regular session of the Conference.
11. The Commission shall cease to exist upon the appointment of the
Director-General of the Organization, at which time the property and records
of the Commission shall be transferred to the Organization. |
GATT Library | wv915cn7596 | Working party to consider the question of an Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization : Corrigendum to notes on First Meeting (Document E/CONF.2/C.6/W.58) | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, January 23, 1948 | Sixth Committee: Organization | 23/01/1948 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.6/W.58/Corr.1 and E/CONF. 2/C. 6/W/41-80 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/wv915cn7596 | wv915cn7596_90200174.xml | GATT_148 | 149 | 1,116 | United Nations
CONFERENCE
ON
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Nations Unies
CONFERENCE
DU
COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI
RESTRICTED
E/CONF.2/C.6/W.58/
Corr.1
23 January 1948
ENGLISH- FRENCH
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
SIXTH COMMITEE: ORGANIZATION
WORKING PARTY TO CONSIDER THE QUESTION OF AN INTERIM COMMISSION
FOR THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE ORGANIZATION
CORRIGENDUM TO NOTES ON FIRST MEETING
(Document E/CONF.2/C.6/W.58)
The redraft of sub-paragraph 2(a) should read:
"to convoke the first regular session of the Conference of the
Organization (hereinafter referred to as "the Conference's)
not more than.........force."
SIXIEME COMMISSION : ORGANISATION
GROUPE DE TRAVAIL CHARGE D'ETUDIER LA QUESTION DE LA CREATION
D'UNE COMMISSION INTERMAIRE DE L'ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE
DU COMMERCE
RECTIFICATIF AUX NOTES SUR LA PREMIERE SEANCE
(Document E/CONF.2/C.6/W.58)
Le texte remanié de l'alinéa 2 (a) doit s'énoncer comme suit;
"convoquer la première session ordinaire de la Conférence de
l'Organisation (désignée ci-après sous le nom de "la Conférence")
[trois] [six] mois au plus tard après ..... en vigueur". |
GATT Library | hf336rz4388 | Working party to consider the question of an Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization : Corrigendum to notes upon the Fourth Meeting | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, February 19, 1948 | Sixth Committee: Organization | 19/02/1948 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.6/W.98/Corr.2 and E/CONF. 2/C. 6/W. 81-118/ADD. 1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/hf336rz4388 | hf336rz4388_90200224.xml | GATT_148 | 181 | 1,391 | United Nations Nations Unies RESTRICTED
E/CONF.2/C.6/W.98/
CONFERECE CONFERENCE Corr. 2
ON DU 19 February 1948
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
SIXTH COMMITTEE: ORGANIZATION
WORKING PARTY TO CONSIDER THE QUESTION OF AN INTERIM COMMISSION
FOR THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE ORGANIZATION
CORRIGENDUM TO NOTES UPON THE FOURTH MEETING
On page 2 of the Notes of Fourth Meeting (E/CONF.2/C.6/W.98) the
report of the remarks of the New Zealand representative should read as
"The representative of New Zealand said that he considered that
the Working Party should agree that the answer to the second
question asked etc ............"
SIXIEME COMMISSION : ORGANISATION
GROUPE DE TRAVAIL CHARGED D'ETUDIER LA QUESTION DE LA CREATION D'UNE
COMMISSION INTERIMAIRE DE L'ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DU COMMERCE
RECTIFICATIF AUX NOTES DE LA QUATRIME SEANCE
A la page 3 des Notes de la Quatrième séance (E/CONF.2/C.6/W.98)
le compte rendu des observations présentées par le représentant de la
Nouvelle-Zélande doit se lire come suit
"Le représentant de la Nouvelle-Zélande déclare qu'il estime que
le Groupe de travail devrait se mettre d'accord pour répondre
par la négative à la deuxième question etc..." |
GATT Library | zr706nk4902 | Working party to consider the question of an Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization : Corrigendum to the notes on Second Meeting | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, January 26, 1948 | Sixth Committee: Organization | 26/01/1948 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.6/W.67/Corr.1 and E/CONF. 2/C. 6/W/41-80 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/zr706nk4902 | zr706nk4902_90200187.xml | GATT_148 | 67 | 477 | United Nations
CONFERENCE
ON
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Nations Unies
CONFERENCE
DU
COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI
RESTRICTED
E/CONF.2/C.6/W.67/
Corr. 1
26 January 1948
ENGLISH ONLY
SIXTH COMMITTE: ORGANIZATION
WORKING PARTY TO CONSIDER THE QUESTION OF AN INTERIM COMMISSION
FOR THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE ORGANIZATION
CORRIGENDUM TO THE NOTES ON SECOND MEETING
In the second sentence of the first paragraph insert the word "not"
between the words "should" and "entail". |
GATT Library | px581zt3978 | Working party to consider the question of an Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization : Corrigendum to the notes on the Fourth Meeting | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, February 14, 1948 | Sixth Committee: Organization | 14/02/1948 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.6/W.98/Corr.1 and E/CONF. 2/C. 6/W. 81-118/ADD. 1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/px581zt3978 | px581zt3978_90200223.xml | GATT_148 | 413 | 2,733 | United Nations Nations Unies RESTRICTED
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE E/CONF.2/C.6/W.98/
ON DU Corr.1
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI 14 February 1948 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
SIXTH COMMITTEE: ORGANIZATION
WORKING PARTY TO CONSIDER THE QUESTION OF AN INTERIM COMMISSION FOR
THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE ORGANIZATION
CORRIGENDUM TO THE NOTES ON THE FOURTH MEETING
Page 2, Line 1
Insert after "The Executive Secretary" the following words:
"replying to questions from the delegate of Mexico".
Delete the final paragraph on this page and all of page 3 and substitute
the following:
The Executive Secretary stated that there were two distinct
questions involved - firstly, the question of the expenses of the
Preparatory Committee and the Havana Conference, and secondly, the
question of funds for the Interim Commission. On the first point it
Must be remembered that the monies in question had already been spent
and the only problem which remained to be settled was how this expense
was to be borne by the Members of the United Nations. It bad been
agreed that this question could not be studied by the present Conference
and therefore paragraph 2 (h) had been inserted in the Arrangement to
authorize the Interim Committee to enter into consultations regarding
these expenses. As regards the second point, paragraph 6 of the
Arrangement had been very carefully drafted so as both to enable the
Secrotary-General of the United Nations to comply with the regulations
by which he was bound, and to leave the question of reimbursement as
flexible as possible. This, for example, might well be taken care of,
should the necessity arise, by making up deficits in the Working
Capital Fund attributable to advances in account of the International
Trade Organization, which could probably be done within members existing
financial arrangements with the United Nations and without fresh
commitments.
If some such provision as that contained in the second sentence
of paragraph 6 of the draft Arrangement were not adopted, there were
two alternative courses which could be taken - firstly, to tell the
Secretary-General of the United Nations that his conditions for an
/advance could E/CONF.2/C.6/W.98/Corr.1 Page 2
advance could not be met and to request him to convene the Advisory
Committee on the Budget for the purpose of requesting funds, or
secondly, to set up at Havana some body which would consider ways of
obtaining from governments signing the Arrangement the necessary funds
for the Interim Commission.
After further discussion it was agreed to postpone discussion on
this question until the next meeting. |
GATT Library | ng513sg7645 | Working party to consider the question of an Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization : Note by the Executive Secretary | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, January 23, 1948 | Sixth Committee: Organization | 23/01/1948 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.6/W.69 and E/CONF. 2/C. 6/W/41-80 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/ng513sg7645 | ng513sg7645_90200190.xml | GATT_148 | 273 | 1,991 | United Nations Nations Unies RESTRICTED
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE E/CONF.2/C.6/W.69
ON DU 23 January 1948
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
SIXTH COMMITTEE: ORGANIZATION
WORKING PARTY TO CONSIDER THE QUESTION OF AN INTERIM COMMISSION
FOR THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE ORGANIZATION
Note by the Executive Secretary
1. In view of the fact thet it is anticipated that the Arrangement establishing
the Interim Commission will not be submitted for acceptance by governments,
the Secreteriat did not include in its draft any provision regarding the
according of privileges and immunities to or in connection with the Interim
Commission. However this problem does not appear to be one which can be
easily overlooked, particularly from the point of view of the financial
consequences should the staff of the Commission not be granged exemption from
national income tax.
2. Probably all that could be done to cover this matter would be for the
Conference to adopt a suitable resolution. The following draft is suggested
for consideration:
WHERAS arrangements have been made to establish an Interim Commission
for the International Trade Organization (hereinafter called "the
Commission") and
WHEREAS it is not practicable to include in such arrangements provisions
regarding the according of privileges and immunities to, and in
connection with, the Commission
THE UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
RESOLVES that the Governments represented at the Conference should grant
as far as possible to or in connection vith the Commission the benefit
of the privileges and immunities provided in the Convention on the
Privileges end Immunities of the Specialized Agencies adopted by the
General Assembly of the United Nations.*
* The Convention is set out in document E/CONF.2/C.6/16. |
GATT Library | xy344zp9287 | Working party to consider the question of an Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization. Notes on the Second Meeting. : Held 22 January at 6.00 p.m | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, January 23, 1948 | Sixth Committee: Organization | 23/01/1948 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.6/W.67 and E/CONF. 2/C. 6/W/41-80 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/xy344zp9287 | xy344zp9287_90200186.xml | GATT_148 | 550 | 3,900 | United Nations Nations Unies RESTRICTED
E/CONF.2/C .6/W.67
CONFERENCE CONFERECE 23 January 1948
ON DU
TRDE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EXPLOI OROGINAL: ENGLISH
SIXTH COMMITTEE: ORGANIZATION
WORKING PARTY TO CONSIDER THE QUESTION OF AN INTERIM COMMISSION
FOR THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE ORGANIZATION
NOTES ON THE SECOND MEETING
Held 22 January at 6.00 p.m.
Chairman: Mr. COLBAN (Norway)
The Working Party first considered document. E/CONF.2/C.6/W.63, being
a note by the Executive Secretary upon the tasks which committees and,
Sub-Committees of the Conference had already agreed to entrust to the
Interim Commission. It was noted that two of these tasks were already
incluuded in the draft arrangement submitted by the Executive. Secretary
(see document E/CONF.2/C .6/W..55) and. it was .agreed that the third task,
that is the and relating to studies regarding economic development, should
entail the recquitment of any large Sacretariat. On first reading it was
agreede therefore to insert this task in sub-paragraph (h) aof paragraph.2
of the draft draft arrangement.
The Executive Secretary suggested that a new sub-paragraph (i) should
be inserted in the draft arrangement at the end of paragraph 2 to authorize
the Interim Commission to consult with the Secretary-General of the
United Nations regarding the reimbursement of the exponses of the Preparatory
Commitee and the Havana Conference and to report to the first regular
session of the Conference upon this subject. This suggestion it was accepted
on first reading
Paragraphs , 3, 4 and 5
Accepted on first reading without change.
Paragraph 6
The Executive Secretary explained that the second sentence of this
paragraph had. been drafted in a flexible manner because the sentence
would confer a contingent liability upon governments. The Secretary-General
of the United Nations had stated that any advances made to the Interim
Commission would depend upon a gurantee to be given by the governments
/participating E/CONF.2/C.6/W.67
Page 2
participating in the Commission that, should the International Trade
Organization not be established, such advances would be repaid by such
goverenments. It was hoped that by the general phraeology which had been
employed governments would not feel obliged to submit the arrangement for
ratlfication oven although it might result in this contingent liability.
After the representatilveso of France and the United States had expressed
the viewpoint that the wording suggested by the Exacutive Sacretary should
meet the purpose for. which itl bad been used., the working Party passed
paragraph 6 on first reading.
Paragraph 7
Accepted on first reading without change.
Paragraph 8
The representative of-France suggested that the headquarters of the
Commisson should be located at Geneva. The representative of the
"United Kingdom strongly urged that the headquarters should be situated
in Europe. The representatives -of Turkey'and the United States favured
Lake Success. Further discussion of this question was adjourned until
second reading.
Paragraphs 9 and 10
Accepted on first reading without change.
Paragraph 1l
Discussion of this paragraph was postponed pending decision upon
Paragraph 1
Pt was agreed to accept alternative A on first reading.
The represementive of the Philippines suggestd that the arrangement
should include a paragraph on the following lines: -
"Signature of this arrangement shall not be 'interpreted is meaning
either explicit or tacit agreement with the provision of the Charter
approved by the United Nations Conference on Trade and employment."
Decision on this proposal was postponed until second reading. |
GATT Library | rv711hs1371 | Working party to consider the question of an Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization. Notes on the Second Meeting. : Held 22 January at 6.00 p.m | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, January 26, 1948 | Sixth Committee: Organization | 26/01/1948 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.6/W.67/Rev.1 and E/CONF. 2/C. 6/W/41-80 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/rv711hs1371 | rv711hs1371_90200188.xml | GATT_148 | 446 | 3,122 | United Nations Nations Unies
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE RESTRICTED
E/CONF.2/C.6/W.67/
ON DU Rev.1
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI 26 January 1948
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
SIXTH COMITTEE: ORGANIZATION
WORKING PARTY TO CONSIDER THE QUESTION OF AN INTERIM COMMISSION
FOR THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE ORGANIZATION
NOTES ON THE SECOND MEETING
Held 22 January at 6.00 p.m.
Chairmen: Mr. COLBAN (Norway)
The Working Party first considered document E/CONF.2/C.6/W.63, being
a note by the Executive Secretary upon the tasks which committees and
Sub-Committees of the Conference had already agreed to entrust to the
Interim Commission. It was noted that two of these tasks were already
included in the draft arrangement submitted by the Executive Secretary
(see document E/CONF.2/C.6/W.55) and it was agreed that the third task,
that is the one relating to studies regarding economic development, should not
entail the recruitment of any large Secretariat. On first reading it was
agreed, therefore, to insert this task in sub-paragraph (h) of paragraph 2
of the draft agreement.
The Executive Secretary suggested that a new sub-paragraph (i) should
be inserted in the draft arrangement at the end of paragraph 2 to authorize
the Interim Commision to consult with the Secretary-General of the
United Nations regarding the reimbursement of the expenses of the preparatory
Committee and the Havana Conference and to report to the first regular
session of the Conference upon this subject. This suggestion was accepted
on first reading.
Paragraphs 3, 4 and 5
Accepted, on first reading without change.
Paragraph 6
The Executive Secretary explained that the Secretary-General of the
United Nations had stated that any advances made to the Interim Commission
would be conditional upon appropriate provision for repayment. After this
explanation the Working Party passed paragraph 6 on first reading.
Paragraph 7
Accepted, can first reading without change.
/Paragraph 8 E/CONF.2/C.6/.67/Rev. 1
Page 2
Paragraph 8
The representative of France suggested that the headquarters of the
Commission should be located at Geneva. The representative of the
United Kingdom strongly urged that the headquarters should be situated
in Europe. The representatives of Turkey and the United States favoured
Lake Success. Further discussion of this question was adjourned until
second reading.
Paragraphs 9 and 10
Accepted on first reading without change.
Paragraph 11
Discussion of this paragraph was postponed pending decision upon
paragraph 1.
Paragraph 1
It was agreed to accept alternative A on first reading.
The representative of the Philippines suggested that the arrangement
should include a paragraph on the following lines:
"Signture of this arrangement shall not be interpreted as meaning
either explicit or tacit agreement with the provisions of the Charter
approved by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment."
Decision on this proposal was postponed until second reading. |
GATT Library | ng970jm8318 | Working party to consider the question of an Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization. Notes on Third Meeting. : Held 28 January 1948 at 10.30 a.m | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, January 29, 1948 | Sixth Committee: Organization | 29/01/1948 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.6/W.76 and E/CONF. 2/C. 6/W/41-80 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/ng970jm8318 | ng970jm8318_90200198.xml | GATT_148 | 674 | 4,629 | United Nations Nations Unies RESTRICTED
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE E/CONF.2/C.6/W.76
ON DU 29 January 1948 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMLOI
SIXTH COMMITTEE: ORGANIZATION
WORKING PARTY TO CONSIDER THE QUESTION OF AN INTERIM COMMISSION FOR
THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE ORGANIZATION
NOTES ON THIRD MEETING
Held 28 January 1948 at 10.30 a.m.
Chairman: Mr. COLBAN (Norway)
The Working Party examined document E-/CONF.2/C.6/W.68, being the text
of the arrangement establishing the Interim Commission as drafted on first
reading
The Preamble
It was agreed that the first two paragraphs of the preamble should be
amended to read:
'THE GOVERNMENTS represented at the United Nations Conference on
Trade and Employment, having prepared a Charter for an International
Trade' Organization (hereinafter referred to as 'the Charter' and the
Organization' respectively) and being entitled to original membership
of the Organization under-Article 68 of the Charter."
Paragraph 2 (a)
* It was agreed that the alternative "six months" should be accepted.
Paragraph 2 (c)
The following redraft was agreed.:
'to prepare, in consultation with the United Nations, a draf agreement
of relationship as contemplated in paragraph 1 of Article 84 of
the Charter for consideration by the first regular session of the
Conference ".
Paragraph 2 (d)
The following redraft was agreed.:
"to prepare, In consultation with inter-governmental organizationa
other than the United Nations, for presentation to the first regular
sassion of the Conferance documents and recommendations the
implementation of paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 84 Of the Charter".
Paragraph 2 (e)
The following redratf was agreed.:
/"to prepare, in E/CONF.2/C.6/W.76
Page 2
"to prepare, in consultation with non-govermental organizations,
for proeatation, to the first regular session of the Conference
recommendations regarding the implementation of paragraph 3 of
Article 84 of the Charter".
Paragraph 2 (f)
The following redraft was agreed .
"to prepare with a view to recommndation. by the Economic and Social
council to the first regular session of the Conference the annex
referred. to in paragraph 3 of Article 87 of the Charter".
Paragraph 2 (g)
It was pointed out that the wording from which this paragraph was taken
had been slightly amended since. the document was prepared. It was noted
that the wording of this paragraph would need, to be brought up to date with
the wording finally. adopt d by the Conference in drafting the Charter.
Paragraph 2 (h)
The following redr redraft was agreed:
'to enter into consultation with the Secretary-General of the
United Nations regarding expenses incurred.. ......... Conference"
Paragraph 3
The word '"own"' was, delete.
Paragraphs 4, 5 and 6
After the Executive Secretary has explained that he was discussing
with the Secretary-General of the United Nations the possibility of the
latter supplying the staff of the Interim Commission from the resources
already under his contol, it was agreed that paragraphs 4 and 5 and the
first sentence of paragraph 6 should be inserted provisionally between square.,
brackets.
It was noted. that it might be necessary Et the appropriate time to
amend these paragraphs so as. to Sive the Executive Committee power to appoint
the Executive Secretary and to approve the budget estimates.
Paragraph 8
The following redraft was agreed:
"Arrangements may be made with the Secretary-General of the
United Nations regarding the provision of such personnel as may be required
to carry on the work of the Interim Co-ordinating Committee for
International Commodity Arrangements."
Paragraph 9
It was agreed, that the executive Secretary should furnish for consideration
at the next meeting of the Working Party information regarding the relative
availability at Lake Success and Geneva of the technical facilities which
/would be required E/CONF.2/C.6/W.76 Page 3
would be required by the Commission, it being understood. that this
action would not preclude the possibility of siter other than the two
mentioned being selected.
Paragraph 10
The words "the Commission" were amended to read "the Executive Committee".
After approving paragraph 11 without change the Working Party concluded
its meeting. Apart form the amendments which are detaïld. above, the text
of the arrangement as set out. in document E/CONF.2/C.6/W.68 Was accepted as
is stood. |
GATT Library | md000xk6718 | Working party to consider the question of an Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization. Notes upon the First Meeting. : Held 19 January 1948 at 10.30 a.m | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, January 19, 1948 | Sixth Committee: Organization | 19/01/1948 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.6/W.58 and E/CONF. 2/C. 6/W/41-80 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/md000xk6718 | md000xk6718_90200173.xml | GATT_148 | 576 | 3,922 | United Nations Nations Unies RESTRICTED
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE E/CONF.2/C.6/W.58
ON DU 19 January 1948
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
SIXTH COMMITTEE: ORGANIZATION
WORKING PARTY TO CONSIDER THE QUESTION OF AN INTERIM COMMISSION
FOR THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE ORGANIZATION
NOTES UPON THE FIRST MEETING
Held 19 January 1948 at 10.30 a.m.
Chairman: Mr. COLBAN (Norway)
The working party had before it documents E/CONF.2/C.6/W.21 and
E/CONF.2/C.6/W.55 prepared by the Executive Secretary.
The working party, after agreeing that it would be necessary for the
Conference to establish an Interim Commission upon as economical a basis as
possible, commenced a first reading of document E/CONF.2/C.6/W.55.
Paragraph 1
In reply to a question by the representative of Brazil whether or not
the arrangement regarding the establishment of the Interim Commission was an
international engagement, the Executive Secretary pointed out that the
Secretariat had takén care to draft the arrangement in such a way as to ensure
that it would not be necessary for governments to obtain ratification. If
the Conference were to decide that ratification was necessary, there would be
no point, in establishing an Interim Commission for ratification of the
arrangement would take just as long as ratification of the Charter.
The Chairman pointed out that he considered, the arrangement did not
amount to an international engagement as the body to be constituted was
merely in the nature of a working party which would operate between the end
of the Present Conference and the convocation of the first regular session
of the Conference of the Organization.
The representative of the United Kingdom said that he thought the
arrangement did not involve any commitment apart from one to enter into
discussious. The leader of his delegation would therefore be able to sign
the document unconditionally.
Paragraph 2
Sub-paragraph (a)
It was agreed that sub-paragraph (a) should be redrafted to read "to
convoke the first regular mession of the Conference of the Organization
/(hereinafter referred E/CONF.2/C.6/W.58
Page 2
(hereinafter referred to as "the Conference") not lees than [three] [ six]
months after receipt of the last acceptance needed to bring the Charter into
force."
The representative of the United Kingdom asked f or the insertion in
the arrangement of some wording which would ensure that governments not
represented upon the Interim Commission could submit proposals and views to it.
In reply to this request, the Executive Secretary said that the insertion of
such Wording depended upon whether the working party accepted Alternative A
or Alternative B of paragraph 1. If Alternative B were accepted he would
agree that a provision such as that suggested by the representative of the
United Kingdom would have to be inserted.
Sub-paragraph (b)
It was agreed to change the word "prepare" to "submit."
Sub-paragraph (c)
It was agreed to delete the phrase "and, pending consideration of such
a draft agreement by the Conference, to establish such interim relationships
as myy be considered desirable." It was also agreed to delete similar phrases.
in sub-paragraphs (d) and (e).
The representative of Peru suggested that sub-paragraph (c) should morely
read "to prepare a draft agreement of relationship as contemplated in
Article 84 of he Charter." The Chairman and the representative of the
United Kigdom favoured the retention of the present draft. The representative
of the United States suggested that the word "consult," should be changed to
negotiatee."
Sub-paragraphs (d) (e) and (f)
No changes were made in these sub-paragraphs except those mentioned in
he notes to Sub-paragraph (c). |
GATT Library | gg691cp1961 | Working party to consider the question of an Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization. Notes upon the Fourth Meeting. : Held 13 February 1948 at 10.30 a.m | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, February 13, 1948 | Sixth Committee: Organization | 13/02/1948 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.6/W.98 and E/CONF. 2/C. 6/W. 81-118/ADD. 1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/gg691cp1961 | gg691cp1961_90200222.xml | GATT_148 | 1,001 | 6,585 | RESTRICTED
United Nations Nations Unies
E/CONF.2/C.6/W.98
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE 13 February 1948
ON DU ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI
SIXTH COMMITTEE: ORGANIZATION
WORKING PARTY TO CONSIDER THE QUESTION OF AN INTERIM COMMISSION FOR
THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE ORGANIZATION
NOTES UPON THE FOURTH MEETING
Held 13 February 1948 at 10.30 a.m.
Chairman: Mr. COLBAN (Norway)
The Working Party first considered the question of the relative
advantages of Lake Success and Geneva as the place of the meetings of the
Executive Committee of the Interim Commission. A document had been circulated
by the Executive Secretary upon this question since the last meeting of the
Working Party (see document E/CONF.2/C.6/W.89).
The representative of the United States in the light of the information
contained in this document reiterated his support for Lake Success. One
additional reason in favour of Lake Success was the fact that a considerable
number of Members of the United Nations had permanent delegations in New York
or had delegations frequently travelling there for the purpose of the sessions
of the Economic and Social Council. As a matter of convenience these might
be used to attend the meetings of the Executive Committee.
The representative of France, supported by the representative of Canada,
contended that the impression given by the document circulated by the
Executive Secretary was somewhat misleading and he advanced various reasons
to show that Geneva should be selected rather than Lake Success. One such
reason was the time spent in travelling to attend meetings at Lake Success,
another the fact that he did not consider it would be advisable for
delegations which were present in New York for another purpose to cover the
meetings of the Executive Committee. He suggested that the Working Party
should agree that in principle the meetings of the Executive Committee should
be held at Geneva.
The representative of the United Kingdom said that he would agree that
initially the secretariat of the Executive Committee should be situated at
Lake Success and that the meetings of the Executive Committee should be held
in Europe, initially at Geneva.
/The Executive E/CONF.2/C.6/W.98
Page 2
The Executive Secretary explained that the document circulated by him
had been based on the assumption that the Interim Commission would meet only
once at the end of the Conference at Havana to elect the Executive Committee,
appoint the Executive Secretary and approve the budget. The Executive Committee
would meet not more than twice each year for a period of two to three weeks.
Any site other than LakeSuccess or Geneva which was selected was likely to
prove more expensive and less conducive to efficiency.
After further discussion the representative of Canada moved that the
Working Party take the following decision: "That after its first meeting in
Havana the Executive Committee shall meet in Geneve unless it decides
otherwise." This proposal was supported by the representatives of France,
Iraq, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Philippines and the United Kingdom.
The representatives of Mexico, Peru and the United States were in favour of
leaving the question to be decided by the Executive Committee itself. It was
agreed that this result should be recorded in the Report of the Working Party
but the question still remained open in the text of the Arrangement.
The Executive Secretary requested that the square brackets which had
been placed around paragraphs 4, 5 and 6 of the draft Arrangement should now
be removed. Some discussion followed upon the letter received by the
Executive Secretary from the Secretary-General of the United Nations regarding
the expenses of the Preparatory Committee, the Havana Conference and the
Interim Commission (see document E/CONF.2/C.6/W.21).
The representative of New Zealand said that he considered that the
Working Party should agree that the answer to the first question asked by the
Secretary-General in the penultimate paragraph of that letter should be in
the negative.
The Executive Secretary stated that there were two distinct questions
invoved -.-firstly, the question of funds for the Preparatory Committee and
the Havana Canference, and secondly, the question of funds for the
Interim Commission. On the first point it must be remembered that the monies
in question had already been spent and the only problem which remained to be
settled was how this expense was to be borne by the Members of the
United-Nations. There was accordingly no question of the governments signing
the Arrangement assuming a commitment in respect of these monies and therefore
paragraph 2 (h) of the Arrangement spoke only of consultations regarding these
expenses. As regards the second point, paragraph 6 of the Arrangement had
been very carefully drafted so as both to enable the Secretary-General of the
United Nations to comply with the regulations by which he was bound, and so
as not to impose upon governments signing the Arrangement any new commitment.
It was contemplated that the way in which the problem might be solved,
/should advances E/CONF.2/C.6./W.98
Page 3
should advances be obtained from the United Nations for the Interim Commission
and should the Organization not be ultimately established, would be to write
off from the working capital fund the losses incurred, which procedure could
be carried through by commitments which most Members of the United Nations
already had.
If some such provision as that contained in the second sentence of
paragraph 6 of the draft Arrangement were not adopted, there were two
alternative courses which could be taken - firstly, to ask the Secretary-
Generel of the United Nations to convene the Advisory Committee on the Budget
for the purpose of requesting funds, or secondly, to set up at Havana same
body which would consider ways of obtaining from governments signing the
Arrangement the necessary funds for the Interim Commission.
After further discussion it was agreed to postpone discussion on this
question until the next meeting. In the course of such discussion it was
clarified that apparently the Secretary-General of the United Nations had
at the present time authority to advance monies up to two hundred and fifty
thousand dollars to the Interim Commission. |
GATT Library | wy638fm2627 | Working party to consider the question of an Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization. Site of interim commission. : Note by the Executive Secretary | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, February 6, 1948 | Sixth Committee: Organization | 06/02/1948 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.6/W,89 and E/CONF. 2/C. 6/W. 81-118/ADD. 1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/wy638fm2627 | wy638fm2627_90200212.xml | GATT_148 | 351 | 2,584 | United Nations
CONFERENCE
ON
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Nations Unies RESTRICTED
CONFERENCE
DU
COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI
E/CONF.2/C. 6/W,89
6 February l948
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
SIXTE COMMITTEE: ORGANIZATION
WORKING PARTY TO CONSIDER THE QUESTION OF AN INTERIM
COMMISSION FOR THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE
ORGANIZATION
SITE OF INTERIM COMMISSION
Note by the Executive Secretary
The Secreteriat were instructed at the last meeting of the Working Party
on the Intorim Commission to furnish information regarding the relative.
availability at Lake Success and Geneva of the technical facilities which
would bo required by the Commission. This information is set out below, The
working Party has also had the benefit of a statement on this subject by the
Assistant Secretary-General for Economic Affairs.
Lake Success Geneva
1. Office Spaco. Yes Difficult but not
Conference Rooms.
Ofico Space -
Dclogations.
4. Local Transport.
Yos
Most delegations already
have office space in
Manhattan. No reason to
believe unable to obtain
additional space there if
required. Cost: per sq,
ft. until 1 May $4.00.
$4.50 - 4.75 thereafter.
Assume 250 sq. ft. per
delegation.
Some delogations have own
means of transport. It
might be necessary for ITO
to set up budget for
additional cars. Rate by
hire $20 per day.
impossible.
Yes.
Limited.
Normally not required
duo to relatively
short distances. E/CONF.2/C.6/W.89
Page 2
5. Common Services.
6. Hotel Costs,
7. Other factors
Lako Suceess Goneva
(1) No grcat burden Lako (i) No groat burden
Success staff with ITO Geneva staff with ITO
staff of 20. staff of 20.
(ii) During conferences (il) Facilities only
facilities Lake Success available during
adequate. certain period when
pressure of other
conferences permit.
This moans ITO would
have shift conferenco
date to conform with
overall conference
schedule.
There is very little difference in cost, however,-
the facilities in New York are generally adequate
while there is periodic overcrowding in Geneva.
(i) The larger staff at Genova staff depends
New York permits on the yearly
considerable Elexibility - programme of:
within a conrorence conforences and the
programme. long-torm policy is
(ii) The new building hard to establish.
will, when completed,
afford more modern and
efficient -services. |
GATT Library | ks145wz2500 | Working party to study the queestion of an Interim Commisseion for the International Trade Oraganization : Note by the Executive Secretary | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, January 17, 1948 | Sixth Committee: Organization | 17/01/1948 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.6/W.55 and E/CONF. 2/C. 6/W/41-80 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/ks145wz2500 | ks145wz2500_90200167.xml | GATT_148 | 1,120 | 7,924 | United Nations Nations Unies RESTRICTED
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE E/CONF.2/C.6/W.55
ON DU 17 January 1948
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI
SIXTH COMMITTEE: ORAGANIZATION
WORKING PARTY TO STUDY THE QUEESTION OF AN INTERIM COMMISSEION FOR THE
INTERNATIONA.L TRADE ORAGANIZATION
Note by the Executive Secretary
In view of the delay in initiating discussion on document E/CONF.2/C.6/W.21
it is considered desirable to lay beore the Working Party forthwith the draft
of an arrangement regarding the establishment of an Interim Commission, The
drfat is circulated herewith as a possible basis for discussion by the
Working Party.
THE GOVVERNMENTS represented at the United Nations Conference on Trade
and Employment
HAVING prepared a Charter for an International Trade Organization
(hereinafter referred to as "the Charter" and "the Organization" respectively)
HAVING DECIDED THAT, pending the establishment of the International
Trade Organization, an Interim Commission should be established for the
performance of certain functions
DETERMINE, through the undersigned representatives duly authorized
to that effect, upon the following arrangements:
1. There is hereby established an Interim Commission for the
International Trade Organization (hereinafter referred. to as "the
Commission") consisting of the governments
Alternative A
signatories of this arrangement. The Commission shall appoint an
Executive Committee of [18] members to exorcise any or all of the pavers
of the Commission, as the Commission may determine on establishing the
Executive Committee.*
Alternative B
of........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................**
* Under this formula, the Interim Comission would hold its first meeting
at the close of this Conference for the purpose of appointing the
Executive Committee and entrusting it with the tasks which it should
fulfil. It is anticipated that the Interim Commission would meet again
immediately before the first Conference of the International Trade
Organization for the of approving the report of the Executive
Committee.
Under this formula the representatives of the governments signatories of
this arrangement would meet at the close of this Conference to elect the
members of the Interim Commission. /2. The E/CONF.2/C .6/W.55
Page 2
2. The Commission shall have the following functions:
(a) to convoke the first regular session of the Conference of the
Organization (hereinafter referred to as "the Conference").
(b) to prepare the provisional agenda for the first regular session
of the Conference, together with documents and recommendations
relating to all matters upon this agenda, including:
(i) proposals as to the programme and budget for the first
year of the Organization;
(ii) studies regarding selection of headquarters of the
Organization;
(iii) draft financial and staff regulations.
(c) to consult with the United Nations with a view to the
preparation of a draft agreement of relationship as contemplate
in Article 84 of the Charter, for consideration by the first
regular session of the Conference and pending consideration of
such a draft agreement by the Conference, to establish such
Interim relationship as may be considered desirable..
(d) to consult with other inter-governmental organizations with a
view to presenting to the first regular session of the Conference
documents and recommendations regarding the implementation of
paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 84 of the Charter, and, pending
consideration of such recommendations by the Conference, to
establish such interim relationships as may be considered
desirable.
(e) to consult with non-governmental organization with a view
to presenting to the first regular session of the Conference
documents and recommendations regarding the implementation of
paragraph 3 of Article 84 of the Charter and, pending consideration
od such recommendations by the Conference, to establish such
interim arrangements for consultation and co-operation with such
organiations as may be considered desirable;.
(f) to-prepare and recommend to the first regular session of
the Conference the annex referred to in paragraph 3 of Article 87
of the Charter;
* A paragraph has been included empowering the Interim Commission to
consider any urgent problems which would, after the entry into force of
the basic instrument of the Organization concerned come within the
jurisdiction of the Organization. It is for consideration whether a
similar provision should be inserted in this arrangement enabling the
Commission to consider any such matters brought to its attention by a
Government which, at that time, had accepted the Charter or by the
* Economic and Social Council and take such inter steps as the
Commission might consider necessary and desirable pending establishment
of the Organization.
/(h) * E/CONF.2/C.6/S.55
Page 3
(h) *
3. The Commission shall elect its own officers and adopt its own
Rules of Procedure.
4. The Cmmission shall appoint an Executive Secretary who shall be
its chief administrative officer. The Executive Secretary shall also
perform such other functions and duties as the Commission may determine.
5. The Executive Secretary shall appoint the staff of the Commission
using as he considers desirable such assistance as may bo extended to
him by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
6. The Executive Secretary shall prepare and the Commission shall
approve the budge estimates for the operation of the Commission, including
proposals regarding the structure of the Secretariat. The expenses of
the Commission shall be met from funds provided by the United Nations
and for this purpose the Commission shall make the necessary arrangements
with the Secretary-General of the United Nations for the advance of
such fund and for their reimbursement. Should. these funds be
insufficient, the Commission may accept advances from Governments,
Such advances from Governments may be set off against th., contributions
to the Organization of the Governments concerned.
7. The services of the Secretariat of the Commission shall be made
available to the Contracting Parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade, as defined. in Article XXV thereof, at their request, upon
terms to be agreed with the Commission.
8. The Commission shall hold its first meeting in Havana immediately
after its establishment and shall meet thereafter as often as may be
necessary. The headquarters of the Commission shall be located at
9. The Commission shall submit a report of its activities to the
first regular session of the Conforence.
10. The Commission shall cease to exist upon the appointment of the
Director-General of the Organization, at which times the property and
records of the Commission shall) be transferred to the Organization.
11. This arrangement shall be effective as from this date and may at
any time be adhered to by any Government entitled to be an original
Member of the Organization.
12. The original texts of this arrangement shall be deposited. with the
Secretary-General of the United Nations who shall furnish certified
copies to all interested Governments.
DONE at Havana this ............... day of ............1948
in a single English original and in a single French original, both texts
being equally authentic.
* Provision should be made in this paragraph for any matters which may bo
specifically referred to the Interim Commission by this Conference. |
GATT Library | hb834vv3099 | Working party to study the question of an Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization. Corrigendum to note by the Executive Secretary | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, January 20, 1948 | Sixth Committee: Organization | 20/01/1948 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.6/W.55/Corr.1 and E/CONF. 2/C. 6/W/41-80 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/hb834vv3099 | hb834vv3099_90200168.xml | GATT_148 | 151 | 1,172 | United Nations Nations Unies RESTRICTED E/CONF.2/C.6/W.55/
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE 20 January 1948
ON DU ENGLISH - FRENCH
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
SIXTH COMMITTEE: ORGANIZATION
WORKING PARTY TO STUDY THE QUESTION OF AN INTERIM
COMMISSION FOR THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE ORGANIZATION
CORRIGENDUM TO NOTE BY THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
Page 2.
The footnote at the bottom of page 2 should begin with the following
words which were omitted:
"In the arrangements for interim commissions of other specialized
agencies, a paragraph ......."
SIXIEME COMMISSION ORGANISATION
GROUP DE TRAVAIL CHARGE D'ETUDIER LA QUESTION
DE LA CREATION D'UNE COMMISSION INTERIMAIRE DE
L'ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DU COMMERCE
RECTIFICATIF A LA NOTE DU SECRETAIRE DE LA CONFERENCE
Page 3
La note du bas de la page 3 doit commencor par le membre do phrase
suivant qui a été omis :
"Dans les arrangements concerant les commissions intérimaires
d'autres institutions speéalisées il a été prévu un paragraphe...." |
GATT Library | kf782zc9519 | Working party to study the question of an Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization : Note by the Executive Secretary | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, January 7, 1948 | Sixth Committee: Organization | 07/01/1948 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.6/W.21 and E/CONF. 2/C. 6/W. 1-40 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/kf782zc9519 | kf782zc9519_90200128.xml | GATT_148 | 921 | 6,187 | United Nations Nations Unies
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE E/CONF.2/C.6/W.21
ON DU 7 January 1948
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
SIXTH COMMITTEE: ORGANIZATION
WORKING PARTY TO STUDY THE QUESTION OF AN
INTERIM COMMISSION FOR THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE ORGANIZATION
Note by the Executive Secretary
It will be necessary at the present Conference to consider what
administrative arrangements should be made pending the ratification of the
Charter and the establishment of the permanent Organization. A similar
problems has confronted the conference called to establish other specialized
agencies and the practice usually followed (e.g. ln the case of the FAO,
WHO and IRO) has been to establish an interim commission.
The Working Party may, therefore, wish to consider what matters in
connection with the ITO require to be provided for pending the establishment
of the Organization and to formulate recommendations to Committee VI
regarding the creation of an interim commission or other appropriate
machinery for the purpose.
The following are the principal matters which would appear to require
to be provided for:
(a) The preparation and convening of the first Conference of the
Organization. Among other matters which will need to be included
in the Agenda are:
(i) proposals as to the programme and budget of the Organization;
(il) recommendations regarding the Headquarters of the Organization;
(ii) finance and Staff regulations.
(b) A draft agreement with the United Nations in acooroJance with
Article 57 of the Charter of the Uhited Nations and with Article 84
of' the Draft ITO Charter. It would be ln the interests of the
Organization that the draft of such an agreement should be ready for
consideration at the first Conference and that the interim body
should, for this purpose, enter into negotiations with the
United Nations.
(c) Similar arrangements for relations with other inter-governmental
organizations in accordance with paragraph 2 of Article 84 of the
Draft Charter,
/(d) There E/CONF.2/C./W.21
(c) There may also be some problems left over from the present
Conference for further discussion at the first Conference of the
Organization but which require further study in the interim period.
These matters could be entrusted to any interim body which might
be established by the Conference.
(e) There is also a serious problem regarding the financing of
the work relating to the Internastional Trade Organization pending
the establishment .of the Organization's budget. In this connection,
attention is drawn to the attached letter from the Secretary-General
of the United Nations to the Executive 'Secretary.
If the.Working Party, after a general discussion of the question;
feels that it would be desirable; the Secretariat will submit a draft of
- an arrangement regaeding the estblishment of an Interim Comission.
/24 Deoember 1947 E/CONF.2/C.6/W.21
Page 3
24 December 1947
Sir,
I have the honour to draw your attention to the financial implications
of action which may be taken by the United Nations Conference on Trade and
Employment.
As indicated in my letter of similar reference dated 23 December 1947*
the total estimated cost of financing the Preparatory Committee of the
United Nations Conference on Trads and Employment. during 1946 and 1947 is
$1,450,230. Of this amount $943,491 has been advanced as an interim Jean
from the Working Capital Fund; the latter amount does not mike provision
for reimbursement of salaries and related allowances of United Nations
staff assigned to the Havana Conference, estimated at approximately $100,000.
Under the General Assembly Resolution respecting the Working Capital
Fund (1948) I am authorized to advance from the Fund loans to Specialized.
Agencies and to Preparatory Commesions of Agencies to be established by
inter-goverr mental agreement under the auspices of the United Nations to
finance the work pending receipt by Agencies concerned of sufficient
contributions under their own budgets. In making these loans however, I
must obtain the prior concurrence of the Advisory Committee on administrative
and Budgetary Questions for any loan which would. increase the balance
outstanding in respect of any one Agency to an amount in excess of
$1,000,000.
It is essential that I consult the Advisory Committee on Administrative
and Budgetary Questions should any additional costs be incuerred in 1948
by the present Conference over and above the amount already budgetted. I
must further consult the Committee if it is desired that the United Nations
should finance any interim or permanent arrangements which the Conference
may make until the time when the proposed International Trade Organization
becomes sel-financing. In considering these matters the Advisory
Committee will wish to be informed on the following points:
* Refers to a communication regarding the expenses of the Preparatory
Committee and of the Conference. This will be circulated later.
Eric Wyndham White, Esq.,
Executive Secretary,
United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment,
United Nations Secretariat,
El Capitolio,
Eavana
Cuba.
/(a) Is it E/CONF.2/C.6/W.21 Page 4
(a) Is it contemplated that a preparatory body for an International
Trade Organization will be set up?
(b) Would the member States concerned be willing to make arragementa
for the reimbursement of any necessary expenditure to the United
Nations, whether or not a Specialized Agency la eventually etablished?
I should be glad if you would bring this matter to the attention of
the Conference. You will no doubt inform me as soon as possible whether
any further-budgetary allotment is likely to be required by the present
Conference in 1948, and in addition, what expenditure la lilkely up to the
time when the-proposed ITO becomes self-financing.
I have the honour to be;
Sir,
Your obedient Servant,
(signed) A. W. CORDIER
For the Secretary-(General.,
A. W. Cordier
Executive Assistant to the Secretary-General |
GATT Library | fc292hx6420 | Working party to study the question of an Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization : Text of arrangement regarding the establishment of an interim commission as drafted at first reading | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, January 23, 1948 | Sixth Committee: Organization | 23/01/1948 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.6/W.68 and E/CONF. 2/C. 6/W/41-80 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/fc292hx6420 | fc292hx6420_90200189.xml | GATT_148 | 1,291 | 8,848 | United Nations Nations Unies RESTRICTED
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE E/CONF.2/C.6/W.68
ON DU 23 January 1948
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
SIXTH COMMITTEE: ORGANIZATION
WORKING PARTY TO STUDYTHE QUESTION OF AN INTERIM COMMISSION
FOR THE INTERNATIONAL TRADE ORGANIZATION
TEXT OF ARRANGEMENT REGARDING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AN
INTERIM COMMISSION AS DRAFTED AT
FIRST READING
THE GOVERNMENTS represented at the United nations conference on Trade and
HAVING prepared a Charter for an International Trade Organization
(hereinafter referred to as "the Charter" and "the Organization" respectively)
HAVING DECIDED THAT, pending the establishment of the International
Trade Organization, an Interim Commission should be established for the
performance of certain functions
DETERMINE, through the undersaigned representatives duly authorized to
that effect, upon the following arrangements:
1. There is hereby established an Interim Commission for the
International Trade Organization (hereinafter referred to as "the
Commission") consisting of the governments signatories to this
arrangement The Commission shall appoint an Executive Committee of
eighteen members to exercise any or-all of the functions of the
Commission,as the Commission may determine on establishing the
Executive Committee.
2. The Commission shall have the following functions:
(a) to convoke the first regular session of the Conference of the
Organization (hereinafter referred to as "the Conference") not more
than M 27 months after the receipt of the last acceptance needed.
to bring the Charter in force.
(b) to submit the provisional agenda for the first regular session
of the Conference, together with documents and recommendations
relating to all matters upon this agenda, including:
(i)proposals as to the programme and budget for the first
year of the Organization;
/(ii) studies E/CONF.2/C.6/W.68
Page 2
(ii) studies regarding selection of headquarters of the
Organization;
(iii) draft financial and staff regulations.
(c) to consult with the United Nations with a view to the
preparation or a draft agreement or relationship as contemplated
in Article 84 of the Charter, for consideration by the first
regular Session of the Conference.*
(d) to consult with other inter-governmental organizations with
a view to presenting to the first regular session of the.Conference
documents and recommendations regarding the implementation of
paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article 84 of the Charter.
V to consult with non-governmental organizations with a view to
presenting to the first regular session of the Conference documents
and recommendations regarding the implementation of
pararagraph 3 of Article 84 of the Charter.
(f) to prepare and recommend to the first regular session of the
Conference the annex referred to in paragraph 3 of Article 87 of
the Charter.**
(g) to examine the powers, responsibilities and activities in the
field of industrial and general economic development of the
United Nations, of the specialized agencies and of other inter-
governmental organizations, including regional organizations, and
the availability of facilities for technical services or studies
of the natural resources of underdeveloped. countries or of the
possibilities of their industrial development, whether of general
or of particular industries, or for the improvement of their systems
of transportation and communications, or with respect to the manner
* 1. The representative of Peru suggests that sub-paragraph (c) should
read: "to prepare a draft areement of relationship as contemplated in
Article 84 of the Charter,"
2. The representative of the United States suggests that the word
consultt" should be changed to "negotiate."
** Section 35 of the Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the
Specialized Agencies adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations
reads as follows: "Draft annexes 1 to 9 are recommended ta the
specialized agencies named therein. In the case of any specialized agency
not named in Section l, the Secretary-General of the United Nations shall
transmit to the agency a draft annex recommended by the Economic and Social
Council." The Secretariat therefore suggests that sub-paragraph (f) should
be amended to read:- "to prepare for recommendation by the Economic and
Social Council to the first regular session of the Conference the annex
referred to in paragraph 3 of Article 87 of the Charter."
/in which Investment E/CONF.2/c.6/w.68
Page 3
in which investment of foreign capital may contribute to their
economic development; in the light of this examination to report
to the first regular regular of the Conference upon the structure
and administrative method and the working relations with the
United Nations, the specialized agencies and other inter
governmental organizations, which will enable the Oranization most
effectively to carry out its positive functions for the promotion
of economic development of Members, the report to be submitted in
such a manner and at such a time as will enable the taking of
appropriate action at the first session.
(h) to enter into consultations with the Secretary-General of the
United Nations on the subject of the reimbursement to the
Secretary-General of the expenses incurred by the Preparatory
Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employmentt
and by that Conference and, in the light of such consultations, to
present a report to the first regular session of the Conference.
3. The Commission shall elect its own officers and adopt its own
Rules of Procedure.
4. The Commission shall appoint an Executive Secretary who shall be
its chief administrative officer. The Executive Secretary shall also
perform such other functions and duties as the Commission may determine.
5. The Executive Secretary shall appoint the staff of the Commission
using as he considers desirable such assistance as may be extended to
him by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
6. The Executive Secretary shall prepare and the Commission shall
approve the budget estimates for the operation of the Commission,
including proposals regarding the structure of the Secretariat. The
expenses of the Commission shall be met from funds provided by the
United Nations and for this purpose the Commission shall make the necessary
arrangements vith the Secretary-General of the United Nations for the
advance of such funds and for their reimbursement. Should these funds be
insufficient, the Commission may accept advances from Governments. Such
advances from Governments may be set off against the contributions to
the Organization of the Governments concerned.
7. The services of the Secretariat of the Commission shall be made
available to the Contracting Parties to the General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade, as defined in Article XXV thereof, at their request, upon
terms to be agreed with the Commission.
8. The Executive Secretary may enter into arrangements with the
Secretary-General of the United Nations regarding the provision of a
Secretariat for the Interim Co-ordinating Committee for International
Commodity Arrangements. E/CONF.2/C.6/W.68
Page 4
9. The Commission shall hold its first meeting in Hayana immediately
after its establishment and shall meet thereafter as often as may be
necessary. The headquarters of the Commission shall be located at
10. The Commission shall submit a report of its activities to the
first regular session of the Conference.
11. The Commission shall cease to exist upon the appointment of the
Director-General of the Organization, at which time the property and
records of the Commission shall be transferred to the Organization,
12. This arrangement shall be effective as from this date and may at
any time be adhered to by any Government entitled to be an original
Member of the Organization.
13. The original texts of this arrangement shall be deposited with the
Secretary-General of the United Nations, who shall furnish certified
copies to all interested Governments.
14. *
DONE at Havana this ........ day of ..............1948, in a single
English original and in a single French original, both texts being equally
authentic.
* The representative of the Philippines suggests the insertionn of a new
paragraph 14 reading as follows: "Signature of this arrangement shall
not be interpreted as meaning either explicit or tacit agreement with
the provisions of the Charter approved by the United Nations Conference
on Trade and Employment." |
GATT Library | xv781qx4876 | Working party upon the question of an interim comission for the International Trade Organization : Note by the Executive Secretary | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, January 21, 1948 | Sixth Committee: Organization | 21/01/1948 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C./W.63 and E/CONF. 2/C. 6/W/41-80 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/xv781qx4876 | xv781qx4876_90200181.xml | GATT_148 | 595 | 4,118 | United Nations Nations Unies RESTRICTED E/CONF.2/C./W.63
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE 21 january 1948
ON DU ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI
SIXTH COMMITTEE: ORGANIZATION
WORKING PARTY UPON THE QUESTION OF AN INTERIM COMISSION FOR THE
INTERNATIONAL TRADE ORGANIZATION
Note by the Executive Secretary
At the first meeting of the Working Party a request was made that the
Working Party might be informed of the specific tasks which Committees and
Sub-Committees of the Conference had already agreed to entrust to the
Interim Commission if such a body were to be established. These tasks are
as follows:
1. The tasks set out in Annex C to the Report of the Working Party of
the Joint Sub-Committee of Committees Two and Six on the preamble to
paragaph 1 and paragraph 1 (a) of the new Article 12 A proposed by
the delegation of Colombia (document E/CONF.2/C.2&6/A/W.2). This annex
contains the following drat resolution for adoption by the Conference:
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, having
considered the problem of the industrial and general economic
development of the members of the International Trade Organization;
and
Having noted the related activities of other inter-governmental
organizations and specialized agencies; and
Having determined that positive measures for the promotion of
the economic development of Members are an essential condition for
the realization of the purpose stated in Article 1 of the Charter
of the International Trade Organization and to the accomplisement
of the objectives thereon set forth; and
Having regard to the provisions of Articles 10, 69 and 84 of
the Charter,
Therefore resolves:
1. That the Interim Commission of the International Trade
Organization is hereby directed to examine
(i) the powers, responsibilities and activities in
the field of industrial and general economic
development of the United Nations, of the
specialized agencies and of other inter-
governmental organizations, including regional
organizationss; E/CONF.2/C.6/w.63
Page 2
organizations;
(ii) the availability of facilities for technical
surveys or studies of the natural resources of
underdeveloped countries, or of the possibilities
of their industrIal development, whether general
or of particular industries or for the improvement
of their system of transportation and
communications, or with respect to the manner in
in which investment of foreign capital may
contribute to their economic development;
and in the light of thiis examination to report to the
Organization upon
(i) the structure and administrative methods,
(ii) the working relations with the United Nations,
specialized agencies and other inter-governmental
organizations including regional organizations
which will enable the International Trade Organization most
effectively to carry out its positive functions for the
promotion of the economic development of Members.
2. That the report and recommendations of the Interim
Commission* shall be submitted in such a manner and at such
a time as wll enable the conference of the
International Trade Organization to take appropriate action
at its first session.
2. The study of the question of the seat of the Organization. The
Sixth Committee, on first reading, agreed that "the Interin Commission
should study with all possible speed the question of the seat of the
Organization and make a recomendation upon this question to the
first Session òf the Corference.,
3. To prepare the annex referred to in the draft of paragraph 3 of
Article: 87 (Status of the Organization in the Territory of Members)
adopted by the Sixth Committee upon first reading. This annex would
state the degree to which privileges and immuities to be accorded in
connection with the Organization should differ from the privileges and
immunities set out in the General Convention on Privileges and Immunities
for Specialized Agencies. |
GATT Library | rd133tc6806 | A charter for World Trade : Report of the Council of the International Chamber of Commerce to the Havana Trade and Employment Conference (November 1947) | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, November 14, 1947 | 14/11/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/8 and E/CONF.2/1-8 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/rd133tc6806 | rd133tc6806_90040023.xml | GATT_148 | 10,148 | 66,238 | United Nations
CONFERENCE
ON
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Nations Unies
CONFERENCE
DU
COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI UNRESTRICTED
E/CONF.2/8 14 November 1947
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH- FRENCH
A CHARTER FOR WORLD TRADE
Report of the Council of the international Chamber of Commerce
to the Havana Trade and Employment Conference
(November 1947)
Paris
38, Cours Albert ler
Office of the President November 7th, 1947
Sir,
I have the honour to submit herewith for consideration by the Havana
Conference on Trade and Employment, a report entitled "A Charter for World
Trade" approved yesterday by the Council of the International Chamber of
Commerce, which expresses the considered and agreed views of world business
on the Geneva Draft of the Charter of the International Trade Organization.
Both the English and French texts are enclosed. I am also submitted the
report to the Secretary General of the United Nations.
May I convey to the Havana Conference, on behalf of our Council, the
most sincere wishes of the International Chamber of Commerce for the success,
of this the first world economic conference to be held since the war. Great
hopes are placed in it by the commercial, industrial, and financial
communities of the world.
I have the honour to remain, Sir,
Your obedient servant
(signed) Arthur Guiness
President of the
International Chamber of Commerce
Mr. E. Wyndham White,
Executive Scretary,
United Nations' Trade and
Employment Conference,
HAVANA. E/CONF.2/8
Page 2
Technical Services
RB
INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
International Headquarters
38, Cours Albert ler, Paris VIII
Document No. 7966-or.rev.
7.XI.1947 - 1b
A CHARTER FOR WORLD TRADE
Report Report
ofl Cuncil of trnatihe InterCnm Cha Commercember of %,eo
to the aHavampa Trade d EfUoymceent Contreno
(November 1947)
/A CHAR E/CONF.2/8
Page 3
A CHARTER FOR WORLD TRADE
TO THE HAVANA TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT CONFERENCE*
(NOVEMBER 1947)
PART I
A CHARTER FOR WORLD TRADE
I - GENERAL COMMENTS
1. From the very outset, the International Chamber of Commerce has given
its full and whole-hearted support to the project of establishing an
International Trade Organization. The re-establishment of the freest
possible flow of multilateral trade is in fact indispensable, if the world
is to achieve economic stability and rising standards of living. Emerging
from the greatest economic crisis in history, followed by the most
devastating of wars, the nations of the world must inevitably be
overhelmed by the task of economic reconstruction that confronts them.
They must pull together in a common effort to overcome their divisions and
strengthen their ties. In this, international institutions can be of great
assistance, provided their members are genuinely inspired by the desire to
work out together a solution of their common problems. This implies a
renunciation of complete freedom of national action in those sectors where
action in common is indispensable, and where separate action could harm the
common endeavour. The International Chamber of Commerce has always looked
upon the proposed International Trade Organization as an agency to be built
upon a clear definition of agreed objectives in the field of international
trade and upon an equally clear renunciation by its members of certain
practices standing in the way of these objectives.
2. In its Report to the First Session of the Preparatory Committee of the
United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, the Intenational Chamber
of Commerce urged t.;Gc "the first act of the Conference should be to draw
up a statement of principles", and that "having in the initial statement
* The Czechoslovak National Committee, while pursuing the same objective
as the other National Committees namely that of ensuring high and
rising satandards of liyIng for its people, feels unable to associate
itself with the I.C.C.'s Report, which in its opinion does not meet the
economic requirements of countres for which the policy of free and
expanding trade is closely and inseparably bound up with that of full
employment and economic recovery.
The Indian National Committee recorded strong opposition to certain
sections of the original draft of this Report and particularly to the
sections on economic development, foreign investments and balances
of payments. Unfortunately, the representatives of the Indian Committee
who were to attend the discussions at which the final version of the
report was drawn up, were not able to arrive in time for the meetings.
/of principles E/CONF.2/8
Page 4
of principles outlined the general framework of the world economy it
has set before it as its final goal, the Conference should then survey
the immediate problems of the transition phase ..... concurrently, the
Conference should start work on the long-term elaboration of a detailed
Charter of principles an methods of action for the post-emergency period,
with particular emphasis on methods of international co-operation to cope
with future economic depressions". (Brochure 101, pages 5 and 6).
3. The I.C.C. has closely followed the London and Geneva Sessions of the
Preparatory Committee of the Trade and Employment Conference of the United
Nations. It presented to the Committee's Second Session a detailed
memorandum containing comments and suggestions regarding the Draft Charter
prepared in London and edited by the Drafting Committee in New York
(I.C.C. Brochure 106). It now presents to the Havana Conference further
comments based upon the new Draft of the I.T.O. Charter, prepared in Geneva
at the Second Session of the Preparatory Committee.
4. The suggestions the I.C.C. has offered in the past and offers now are
inspired by the profound conviction that the world stands in desperate need
of effective international economic co-operation and that an international
trade organization based on a strong and forthright Charter could be the
focal point of such co-operation. It Is because it believes that, according
to the Character of its Charter, the new Agency may make a historic
contribution to world prosperity and world peace, or become another monument
of international frustration, that the I.C.C. has been urging, and continues
to urge, the elaboration of a strong and clearly worded Charter.
5. There are two conflicting tendencies in the world today. On the one
hand, there is everywhere an overwhelming desire for peace and prosperity
based on international co-operation, on the other, there is a sharp draft
towards economic nationalism, aggravated more often than not by economic
mergencies. While seeking peace, countries are intent on maintaining the
right to take whatever measures they consider necessary for their economic
salvation. They are suspicious of limitations placed on their freedom of
action, and vary of interational commitments. Andi yet, n spite of
nationalistic anxieties, and because there somehow exists the feeling that
not only is pueace bt also prosperity indivisible, international
conferences are beilng caled and attended, and.international charters are
being worked out. Eventually, the nations of the world will have to choose
one road or the other; the road of sincere and comprehensive co-operation
or that of nationalism blind to international necessities. As the I.C.C.
pointed out in the Resolution of its Montreux Congress, unless the first
. > . . 8 /course is E/CONF. 2/8
Page 5
course is chosen and is supported by a well-conceived charter, "there will
inevitably be a reversion to the narrow economic nationalism of the inter-was
period with all that that entails for prosperity and even for peace".
6. A new Draft of the I.T.0. Charter (hereafter referred to as the Geneva
Draft) has now been produced in Geneva by the Second Session of the
Preparatory Committee for submission to the United Nations Trade and
Employment Conference meeting in Havana on 21 November 1947.
7. The Geneva Draft is the result of over four months of painstaking
efforts on the part of delegates of seventeen countries and of the
Conference Secretariat. In its over-all plan, this new Draft is better
than the previous ones and some important improvements have been made in
its provisions, though in essentials it differs little from the previous
Draft. The I.C.C. welcomes the improvements in the text, detailed reference
to which is made in the second part of this Report. It regrets, however,
that many of the fundamental revisions it suggested to the Geneva
Conference were not accepted. The I.C.C. urged the Conference to produce
a document which would be shorter and simpler than the previous one, in
which a sharper dividing line would be drawn between rule and exception,
between long-term and short-term provisions, between normal and emergency
provisions. It emphasized that the aims of the new organization should be
plainly set out and has made in the course of the Geneva Session concrete
suggestionss to that effect. :; -
8. he real test of the Char theter in whether it will re shult in Member
countries adapting their policies progressively to the requirements of
international economic solidarity and whether the existence of the I.T.O.
rell mak a'ubstantial dif ferenc.e to the course of future.eents If
theCharter merely codifies eexistin ag practice and is no mor than'
faithful portrait of th e pietarpelwexities of our time, itsexesnc ill not
fualfil n th.e high hopesthat are plned ilt,
9 The .C.C.a"has rpepeatcedly p ointed out th the'ccifi rolelf the
I. T.O.wo ith nte'Unted N'tiowo neirk economic agencies should be
sitle multilateral exchange of goods o spromote the frst bltil eeal'gxchanre of goods, Services,
capitt an ws 'n.' 'eady in Brochure 106 it re ordd' iw ve *'ohe
disavants of combining in one Charter objectives which are potentially
confli ing,'but iChat em ust now direct its attention to theeatr s it is.
The diversity of objectives in Chapter 1 and the probability that the aims
of stability of eemplooyment, and in some countries of thir ecnomic
devcelpmient)many icn certain circumstcnces 6oe Ino co fiotwth the
expansion of free multilateral trade, make it inevitable that recommendation
in regard to one objective are weakened by reservations introduced to permit
/action by E/CONF.2/8
Page 6
action by Member countries for another objective.
10. The I.C.C. fully realizes the immense difficulties the Preparatory
Committee has had to cope with in the elaboration of the Charter. It ls
convlnced that the shortcomings of the Geneva Draft are due to no small
extent to the emergencies with which most countries are faced, and that
these shortcomings could have been largely eliminated by segregating the
long-run and the short-run provisions of the Charter. The problem of
employment and the business cycle, of economic and industrial development,
and of the achievement of balance of payments equilibrium are capable of
being tackled without sacrificing the long-term objectives of the I.T.O.
viewed as an agency for the promtion of freer multilateral trade among
nations.
/II THREE FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES E/CONF.2/8
Page 7
II THREE FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES
1. Employment and the Business Cycle
11. The importance of the problem of maintaining economic activity and
employment at high levels has been emphasized by the I.C.C. in its Report on
Maximum Employment in a Free Society (Brochure 101, December 1946) as well as
in the Report presented to the Geneva Session of the Preparatory Committee
(Brochure 106). The widespread and protected unemployment of the Thirties
has left such painful memories throughout the world that, having emerged
from the cataclysm of the recent war, people are anxious not to fall again
into the threes of depression and governments of many countries have therefore
pledged themselves to policies of "full employment". Clearly, the problem
is not only one of domestic significance for the various countries, it is
also an international problem. On that there is general agreement; there is
no such agreement on the way in which one should interprete the International
character of the employment problem.
12. The I.C.C. believes that the Preparatory Committee has been too much
inspired by the conception that the requirements of employment policy,
nationally designed, must be a source of important exceptions to those
provisions of the Charter which would trade freer and more abundant.
Under Article 3, paragraph 1 of the Charter, each Member of the I.T.O.
undertakes to take action "designed to achieve and maintain full and productive
employment and large and steadily growing demand within its own territory,
through measures appropriate to its political, economic and social institutions".
Article 21, paragraph 3 (b) acknowledges that as a result of these domestic
policies, a country may got into balance of payment difficulties and prohibits
the Organization from suggesting to the member that a change in its domestic
policies would improve the situation. On the other hand, the Member is allowed
to safeguard the equilibrium of its balance of payments by quantitative trade
restrictions, in spite of the fact that the Charter aims, in principle, at the
elimination of such restrictions. In the same circumstances, a Member may also
engage in certain discrimanatory practices - a further exception to a basic
principle of the Charter. Thus, the employment goals of the Charter may clash
with the commercial policy goals.
13. The I.C.C. is of the opinion that the problem of employment is primarily
outside the scope of the I.T.O. That this is the case seems to be recognized
both implicitly and explicitly by the Preparatory Committee. Implicitly,
through the paucity of the provisions in Chapter II devoted to employment, none
of which provides the I.T.O. with concrete tasks to fulfil. Explicitly, by
stating in Article 2, paragraph 2, that "while the avoidance of unemployment or
under-employment must depend primarily on domestic measures, such measures
/should E/CONF.2/8
Page 8
should be supplemented by concerted action under the sponsorship of the
Economic and Social Council of the United Nations in collaboration with the
appropriate inter-governmental organizations". This is an entirely accurate
description of the real position.
14. Granted that the maintenance of stable and prosperous conditions
throughout the world is indispensable if world trade is to flourish, measures
taken to promote employment should be such as not to interfere with the flow
of international commerce. There are many ways in which one can approach the
problem of business cycle policy; the I.C.C. considers it essential that the
methods chosen should not be disruptive of international economic relations.
It looks upon the requirements of a woll-knit world economy as limiting the
freedom of national action in the field of employment and business cycle
Policies. It follows that these policies should be designed not in a spirit of
nationalism and "insulation", but through a process of international
co-operation. The I.C.C. questions whether the proposed Intenational Trade
Organization is the proper place is which to work out on international approach
to business cycle policy, end it would view with favour the development of
appropriate methods of action outside of the I.T.O. There is no basic conflict
between high levels of production and employment in the various countries of
the world and the freedom of international economic relations. Where conflict
arises, this is by the adoption of an excessively nationalistic approach to the
problems of business cycles.
2. Econmic Development
15. The speeding-up of their economic development is a matter of great concern
to a number of countries whose natural resources, if properly developed, could
secure for their populations a higher standard of living than that experienced
at present. The I.C.C. is in complete sympathy with these aspirations. It
considered that the development of the latent wealth of any part of the globe is
a source of well-being not only for the population immediately concerned, but
for the world at large.
16. As in the case of employment policies, so in that of economic development,
the I.C.C. warns against the adoption of measures which are disruptive of the
fabric of international economic relations. Economic development.of an
under-developed area can be sought within the framework of expanding
multilateral trade and with the assistance of foreign capital... Or it can be
sought mainly by means of national programmes carried out behind the wall of
artificial barriers to international trade. The I.C.C. strongly urges the need
for adopting the first approach rather than the second.
/17. In the E/CONF.2/8
Page 9
17. In the I.C.C.'s opinion, the problem of econmic development, important
though it is, lies outside the scope of an international trade organization,
except to the extent to which the expansion of multilateral trade and the
creation of conditions favourable to foreign investment assists the economic
growth of under-developed areas. The provisions of Chapter III of the Geneva
Charter contain a number of possible exceptions to the basic commercial
Principles of the Charter in the interest of furthering economic development.
There is an evident danger that advantage may be taken of these provislons
to subserve narrowly nationalistic aims, and that protection may be given to
branches of industry or agriculture for which the country in question is
unsuited in the long run. The prime face case against measures to encourage
economic devolopment that are restrictive of international trade, is a strong
One; and the Chamber would welcome a more explicit recognition of this in
Chapter III of the Charter.
3. Balance of Payments Problems
18. The Charter of the I.T.0. is being drafted at a time when a great
many countries are faced with serious difficulties in making their
international payments balance. These are due to exceptional import
requirements incidental to reconstruction coupled with a weakening of
productive capacity as a result of the dislocations and destructions of the war
On the other hand, certain countries with considerable productive capacity find
themselves faced with great export surpluses which are partly financed by
capital export, and partly lead to an international scarcity of particular
currencies. Countries experiencing balance of payments ditficulties and which
at the same time wish to avoid the depreciation of their national currencies
thus resort to various methods of curtailing their imports and of allocating
their inadequate supply of foreign exchange to purchases which have the highest
priority in terms of national reconstruction.
19. The Charter is bound to pay regard to the abnormal. conditions of the
present time and to provide for the possibility that measures may have to be
adopted which run counter to its essential objectives. Measures of this sort
are regrettable for their own sake and still more for the causes which
necessitate their adoption; while there is always the danger that emergency
measures, acceptable for a transition period, may become perpetuated by the
growth of vested interests and the sheer force of administrative inertia. They
therefore require the closest scrutiny at all times.
20. The maintenance of equilibrium in international paymentas, under norml
peace-time coinditions and n the absence of exchange controls and quantitative
restrictions is accomplished through the operation of price and market
mechanisms, though r t without serious fluctuations from time to time in the
general level of world prices and money incomes and in the volume of
international trade. The International Chamber of Commerce has consistently
/Advocated E/CONF.2/8
Page 10
advocated policies aiming at the restoration as far as possible of these
mechanisms. It hopes that it will be practicable, when the Charter is revised,
to lessen the scope of the exceptions which are now included in it and to
provide for a nearer approach to the full operation of multilateralism. Full
recognition should be given to the disruptive effects narrowly conceived and
purely selfish national planning has upon international relations. Such
planning sooner or later leads to balance of payments difficulties and these,
under the Geneva Charter, can legitimately give rise to the adoption of
quantitative restrictions and certain discriminatory practices.
21. Both these countries with balance of payments deficits and these with
chronic and cumulative surpluses should accept commitments to counteract these
tendencies by appropriate domestic policies. Were they to do this, the
assistance afforded by the International Monetary Fund should prove sufficient
to deal with short-term balance of payments difficulties arising under normal
peace-time conditions. At the same time it is right that the Charter should
provide Members of the I.T.O. with a procedure to deal with transition period
difficulties; exceptions will evidently have to be made from the long-range
policy principles of the Charter to allow countries to solve their post-war
problems.
22. However, it must be realized that national action authorized by these
transition period exceptions cannot possibly cope with the present r
intesrnational diequilibrium. Special programmes of emergency action such as
he Marshall Plan" are indispensable. The Charter itself recognizes this in
Article 21, paragraph 5, where it states: "If there is a persistent and
widespread application of import restrictions under this Article, indicating
the existence of a general disequilibriium which s restricting international
trade, the Organization shall initiate discussions to consider whether other
measures migh,t be taken either by those Members whos e balancesof payments
are under prressurre, o by those Members whose balances of payments are
tending to be exceptionally favourable, or by any appropriate inter-governmental
organization, to remove the underlying causes of the disequilibrium. On the
invitation of the Organization, Members shall participate in such di"scussions.
TRUCT/III T TSR E/CONF.2/8
Page 11
III THE STRUCTURE OF THE I.T.O. CHARTER
23. The I.C.C. submits that the Charter of the I.T.O. should have had quite
a different structure from that adopted by the Preparatory Committee. It
realizes, nevertheless, that the considerable amount of work that has gone
into the elaboration of the Geneva Draft makes it unlikely that the Havana
Conference will be able substantially to alter the framework as drafted.
The I.C.C. seriously questions whether the present Draft Charter ls likely
to fulfil all the expectations that are placed in it, and believes that
fundamental changes and amendments will prove inevitable. The I.C.C.
accordingly takes this opportunity of restating and amplifying its views.
The following suggestions are therefore no more than an elaboration of what
the I.C.C. has consistently urged in its successive reports to the
Preparatory Committee.
24. The I.C.C. considers that in the interests of effective operation of
the I.T.O. there would have been a gain if the structure of the Charter had
been divided into three parts:
(a) Statement of long-range principles of national policy in
international economic relations;
(b) Provisions relating to the present "transition period";
(6) Permanent emergency procedures.
25. The first and basic part of the Charter would include such long-range
commitments as the promotion of multilateral trade, the reduction of tariffs,
the elimination of quantitative trade restrictions, non-discrimination and
most-favoured-nation treatment, the elimination of subsidies and of measures
or indirect protection, fair treatment of foreign investments. It might
also Include sections recognizing the importance to the world economy of
high and stable levels of employment and economic activity and of the
economic growth of under-developed areas, and emphasizing the need of
dealing with these problems in a manner compatible with the healthy
expansion of international trade. This part should be brief and should be
strong. It should be understandable to the man-ln-the-street. It should
serve as a guidance to governments and as an inspiration to public opinion
during the difficult years ahead. It should be phrased in such a way as
to retain its meaning when more normal conditions have been restored.
26. The second part of the Charter would list the transition period
exceptions to the principles laid down in Part I. These exceptions should
be as few as possible and should be precisely worded. Instead of fixing
a time-limit, the I.T.O. should hold conferences at regular and frequent
intervals to review the situation and reduce, where possible, the number
/and scope E/CONF.2/8
Page 12
and scope of the exceptions. In the meantime, the I.T.O. should Work in
close co-operation with all other appropriate international agencies with
a view to finding ways and means of removing the fundamental causes of the
disequilibria standing in the way of its long-run objectives. It should
also constantly keep the long-range principles of the Charter before
governments, so that these principles may increasingly guide their policies.
27. The third part of the Charter would provide permanent emergency
procedures. There is much concern in many countries today over the
possibility of serious difficulties and crises developing after what is
currently termed the "transition period" has come to an end. In view of
these anxieties and in order that they should not lead to a weakening of
the basic principles of the I.T.O., the Charter should include emergency
provisions. By virtue of these provisions, a country faced with grave and
urgent problems in its economic situation would find in the I.T.O. help
and guidance in the overcoming of its difficulties. It might be freed,
in agreement with the I.T.O. and for a limited duration, from certain of
the commitments entered into under Part I of the Charter as outlined above.
It might thus be authorized to adopt certain policies which stand in
opposition to the principles of the Charter, but it would be pledged to
work out its rehabilitation in consultation with the I.T.O. and to resume
its full duties as a Member of the I.T.O. as soon as circumstances made
this possible.
/IV - CONCLUSIONS E/CONF.2/8
Page 13
I.- LUSI PONS ,
i28 Ihh foregoing commentsfreatng tiCemoshe I.C.>. s m deeptheoved by theingcomientbyh
concn iedHionth 'dt nafe cempl h6en Bcan avan CaoaonmTmdt beounque
importasnce fgor the hapind sof the worl' economica fut Coufre, tht thenerence
hw oppirl n type nitptixi takinddg old an far-ddcireochoin &eiin n the
realm of internaotioncarl ecnomi nelation ad thlat it wil be snothing hort of
a tragedyas s t if it ilo stem e the ti of economic nationalism and to give a
sptrss og etecu ceffcicve cocooonom cO-pation. ,
29.e IC.. icr frunde-estki that hamak tai heworhi bs n into the
Geneva Draft of the Chiarter, or the dfficultihaves its autahcors e had to oe
in reamchming an agreeent. The I.C.C. nevertheless feel in duty bound to warn
ethnce aain Cntereeagnsthe esnt of a wetablishimeWeak a nneffecualt of a
Organization. '
/PART II E/CONF.2/8
Page 14
PART II
A REVIEW OF THE GENEVA CHARTER
30. The basic issues have been covered in Part I. This second part is a
more detailed review of the actual text of the Geneva Draft, chapter by
chapter. However, since Chapter I on the purposes of the ITO has already
been adequately covered in Part I, it opens with Chapter II.
Employment and Economic Activity
31. Chapter II of the Charter centres around the commitment of Members to
"take action designed to achieve and maintain full and productive employment
and large and steadily growing demand within its own territory through
measures appropriate to its political, economic and social institutions",
(Article 3 (1) ). As in the previous Draft, the Chapter ls inspired by the
theory which attributes economic depressions to deficiency of effective
demand, while considerations of economic structure are left out of account.
There is again an implicit assumption that governments are capable, through
their policies, of achieving and maintaining high and steady levels of
economic activity and employment, and there is still no recognition of the
role of private enterprise and of spontaneous market supply.
32. The I.C.C. is pleased to note that the Geneva Draft places greater
emphasis than the New York Draft upon the international aspects of employment
policies. Thus, in Article 2, paragraph 2, it is now stated that domestic
measures for the avoidance of unemployment "should be supplemented by
concerted action under the sponsorship of the economic and Social Council
of the United Nations in collaboration with the appropriate inter-governmental
organizations". Emphasis is also placed in Article 5, paragraph 2, on "the
desirability of employing methods which expand rather than contrast
international trade".
33. It Is worth noting, however, that the implication behind the first of
the above-quoted statements is that the real objectives of Chapter II
belong jointly to a number of international agencies under the direction
and sponsorship of the Economic and Social Council. It is clear, in fact,
from the other provisions and particularly from Article 5 (1), that the
main practical effect of this Chapter is to qualify still further the
commitments entered into under Chapter IV.
34. Article 5 paragraph 1, admits that employment policies of the ITO
members adopted by virtue of this Chapter, may lead to balance of payments
difficulties which in turn may result in the adoption of new trade
restrictions. This is borne out by the provisions of Article 21,
paragraph 3 (b). *
/35. Shosuld uch E/CONF.2/8
page 15
35. Should such a course of events develop, the only remedy proposed is
that "the Member shall make its full contribution, while appropriate action
shall be taken by the other Members concerned, towards correcting the
situation". This is not clear and gives no precise directives for action
either by the Organization or by its Members.
*36. Article 7, which is concerned with "safeguards for Members subject
to external deflationary pressure", appears to imply the acceptance of a
particular theory concerning the propagation of economic depressions. The
I.C.C. still believes that the Charter of an international agency should
not commit that agency and its Members to the acceptance of any particular
body of theory in a much controverted field.
*37. Should countries faced with depression abroad and a decline in their
exports caused by such a depression radically restrict their imports by
virtue of Article 7 (instead of using the means of action provided elsewhere
by the Charter and by the International Monetary Fund), the result would be
a further shrinkage in international trade. This, experience shows, will
merely aggravate and perpetuate the depression. Article 7 is potentially
one of the most dangerous provisions of the Charter and should be deleted.
Economic Development
38. The I.C.C. is necessarily in full agreement on the general observations
of Article 8 of the Draft Charter. It too believes that the economic
development of the under-developed areas of the world is highly desirable
as a means of raising living standards throughout the world. But,.in spite
of references here and there to other aspects of economic development, the
whole emphasis of the Chapter is still on the expansion and creation of
industry. The I.C.C. feels that the dangers of excessive industrialization
and of the protectionism arising out of it should receive special mention
in this Chapter, and that the importance to the world of greater efficiency
in agriculture, mining, forestry and fishing should be brought out
explicitly.
* The British National Committee dissents from paragraphs 36 and 37 of the
Report. It shares the opinion expressed in paragraph 37 that ill -
considered action to restrict imports, in the circumstances envisaged
in Article 7, would "aggravate and perpetuate the depression". It holds,
nevertheless, that the Charter should give formal recognition to the
fact that countries may, in n the interests of their domestic stability,
be forced to take action in order to protect themselves from balance of
payment difficulties resulting from deflationary pressure from abroad.
In the circumstances envisaged quantitative restrictions might well be
less detrimental to the aggregate volume of international trade than the
alternatives of either internal deflation or devaluation.
/39. The E/CONF.2/8
Page 16
39. The International Chamber of Commerce misses in Article 8 any
reference to multilateral trade. In its opinion, multilateral trade creates
the environment in which economic development can be most effectively and
most safely pursued.
40. The International Chamber of Commerce notes that the Geneva Draft has
widened the scope of Chapter III to cover "reconstruction". This is
entirely justified on a short-term view. But the I.C.C. wonders whether
it is useful to do so in the Charter of a permanent international agency.
Once the transition period is over, references to "reconstruction" will
look out of place in the Charter.
41. As indicated in Part I of this Report, economic development is of
concern to the ITO only to the extent to which the growth of multilateral
trade and of International capital movements are helpful to the economic
advance of the less developed areas of the world. This is not, however, the
principal emphasis of Chapter III. Already in the New york Draft, economic
development took its place prominently among the broad exceptions to the
commitments entered into by members of the ITO elsewhere. The emphasis
remains uncharged in the Geneva Draft.
42. The I.C.C. notes with regret that not only has Article 13, which it
previously criticized as standing in opposition to the main objectives of
the Charter, been maintained, but that its provisions have become even less
satisfactory than they were before. In its previous form, the Article
contained the requirement of prior approval by the ITO of protective measures
introduced by a member to assist his domestic development programmes. In
the present Draft, there appear two escape clauses from the principle of
prior approval:
1. the Organization is instructed by the terms of paragraph 4 (b) of
Article 13 to concur in a restrictive measure adopted, if it is
established that it is" unlikely to be more restrictive of international
trade than any other practicable and reasonable measure permitted under
this Charter which would be imposed without undue difficulty and that
it is the one moot suitable for the purpose having regard to the
economics of the industry or the branch of agriculture concerned and to
the current economic condition of the applicant Member". The Vagueness
of this terminology is disquieting and it is also difficult to see how
it would be possible in actual practice to establish such a presumption.
2. the obligation of prior approval is waived etirely in cases
where the developing country is faced with a great increase of imports
of the products for which they are endeavouring to build up a domestic
industry (Article l3 ,4 c()). Since policie aiming at economic
/development E/CONF.2/8
Page 17
development must in any event be carefully thought out in advance, it
is hard to see the justification for the introduction of an emergency
provislon of this kind in Article 13.
43. The provisions both of Article 15 and of Article 42 (see later) are
welcomed by the I.C.C. but only in so far as they are capable of contributing
to a regional organization of international trade which prepares the way to
or marks a step towards a world organization. The I.C.C., however, draws
attentlon to the danger of fostering by the same provisions autarkic policies
leading to the creation of areas of isolation or exclusion in international
trade. For that reason, it is essential that the words at present in square
brackets "by affirmative vote of two-thirds of the Numbers voting" should be
retained.
Foreign Investment ..*
44. he intinroduction io the Charter of fpr thovisioofs oite hrticton of
foreigtn is nv estmens i asource of great satisthefaction theyo I.C.C. T
go some way to meet the recommendations contaiI.ned in the C to.C's Report
Ctheere Geneva onfnc10e(,Bro churhee 6)andin t Re Foreignsolution on
Investments adopted by its Montreux Congress.
45. B Ay vcirtue ofrtile 11, (3), the maITO: omme"matioy fke recndansor
andint praomonal te erntioagreement on measures designe juetd to assurs
and equitable treatment for the enterprise, skills,rts and capital, a
technology brought from one Member country to clanoth er, inudingthe
elaboration and adoptneion of a geral agreement or statemciplesent of prin
oasuct, to tpocd tc,ties and treatment of forestimeigs".n inveazn'
46C Theel.C.Q, swbC.araces esulpunbphe 1asd ic of1 Art$olisop2 atnd alaqso
part of sub-paragraph 2 (a) which states that no Membemr seshall ipo
requirements on the investments of nationals of other mech arembers whi ach
appreciably more onerous than those imoposed on otier tationals.s wn of heis.n
Unfosrtunaeytthe rent f paragraph 2 (a) sets owut hexemptions Vhiw i
effecpt nullify the rotection accorded in the earslya agparh.t of thi prrap
The I.C.C.s strongly urgereconsideration of paragraph 2, because it
conmsiiod erds the exeptnan compensations proposedamong will create
potesntial nvestoraa sense of even greater insecurity th,an at presentoand
will anthusretard r not advance economic dePvelopmen t s.o aragrapP2 uld
be limited to the statement in the first sentence of pa),andaragraph 2 (,n
the Ornation relgaid pon to e laborate assible a sg.seon as pouslssr
agreement on the conduct and treatment invesdofnt as foererigntmes rfered
to IIin .Article (3)
.C4 7.st The .mu dissentI fr.Cmhe official commentaryd oappende4tf
paragraph 2 of Aticle 12, according to which's obd "a Membeligation to
ensure the pjayment of ust consideration or just compensation to a foreign
/natonal E/CONF.2/8
Page 18
national (in so far as it is an obligation to make payment in currency) is
essentially an obligatton to make payment in the local currency of that
Member". The problem of compensation arises especially in the case of
foreign investments affected by a nationalization program; in such a
case, it is essential that a guarantee of transfer should accompany the
obligation to make just compensation; under the present interpretation,
the foreign investor may find himself, under certain circumstances, owner
of a large blocked balance in a possibly depreciating currency. In such a
case, the compensation received would not return to him a fair and freely
available equivalent of the investment which he had previously made in
good faith.
Commercial Policy
48. T1iniders th Chaptelr o b n commeaerciica topollQy e e hcart
Of te C. htan oterte-, twipproval -themostu es tatent of the
foirettl princilt' he opsecningosf thi.i hmapstsr. Bu' set, iseo
hg dst eqmesa sl nls'rom Git'supprt of the principle of expanding:
multilateral trade. Coming after the Chapters on emplocymentc and eonomi
dwevelopenthas hi h, as been pointed out, consotitut e imp tantsderosation
le ,Cof hap eIr' shoul at least provide an unambig uo usgucianoe
to the lo-ngtmer o cmmerial policies of Members of the I.TO
49. Cphat IVe lar ys down the following general rules:
(Membedr uJbertake to negotiate substantial reductisl o0 ;
tfsfand ao ther charges on imports and exportcse(rtcie 17,1ol;");
b)m re undertbrade to negotiatte .h elimin aion ofcpefedcernosdan
not to incrse eaexisting margsin of preference (Article 17, 1);
)( Members undertake not to resort to measures of inpirectprotection o,
u ae h,iisipolion of internal taxes and other tein n cal'arg es'f
any kindin cess xeof those applied directly or indecirtlto ly ike
pducrsot of nation aorl ig iAn(rtlice 18, ;1)* ",'
erta(d)n Members ukoeot to imaintain any prohibitionsinstitute or hnsain any.Tpbibio
and retritions other than duties, taxes or other charges, whether
mdmport or export licences or otherte effective tbrough quotas, i r otteri1ioonex QQoth
bermew,i'e ny ortu tyootherMmemV P'ofaQ#4m
counetryr on"haexporation or sale for -xport f 'ny prouct
destined for any other Member outry (Article 20, 1);
s(e)i Membrs sha snoi rn oanyubisdcy,y;whethoer direccl,;yr dretl
on thexfprtation o±ahyo producain any t, or establiais h intW' or
usytencem'hou clnd rat a price est iit xpoa salc lowr ahan te 4 rio
opice lpr16d th like prbodurscit the domesticyiuye.s tno breereomeiaAut
ket 2 ,tNers great sanc subsl'; o) t.e:r well ang ebsag.uiy
oeucxporich has tat effect of airdioucnwh fha thecet of for
Mencreasee shar of world tra in dewt 4pert cular tzhae ilt &"oduct
8 2rtUO.a /50. The
~~~~~~5. Me - E/CONF.2/8
Page 19
50. The general rules set out in paragraph 20 above should be the basic
principles of the Charter and the exceptions to them are acceptable only if
they have been framed in order to deal with emergencies. The operation of
the emergeny provisions must not be allowed to deprive these principles of
their paramount importance and validity as long-term objectives. While it
cannot be denied that circumstances may arise where the application of
restrictions is necessary, the International Chamber of Commerce wishes
again to lay stress on the strength of the prima facie case against measures
which are restrictive of international trade, and its strong desire that
the Charter should recognize more explicitly and emphatically than is at
present the case both the obligation of Members to pursue domestic policies
which are not harmful to world trade, and also the duty of the ITO to survey
and report on all restrictive measures, with a view to reaching agreement
union their withdrawal at the earliest possible moment, In the course of
revision and in the work of elaborating the exceptional provisions of the
Charter, there would seem to have been a regrettable lose of balance, with
the result that the primary function of the ITO - that of woking for the
development and expansion of freer world trade - has been overshadowed by
the sheer volume and complexity of these exceptional provisions.
Preferences
51. A lengthy list of preferences which are in effect at the present time
and are listed in annexes A to F of the Geneva Draft Charter may remain in
force (Article 16, 2). They will be gradually reduced by the process of
tariff negotiation and the application of most-favoured-nation treatment
(Article 17, 1).
52. While this process of reducing or eliminating existing preferences by
autonomous measures or negotiations is going on, temporary economic
arrangements or permanent customs unions may, in accordance with Article 42,
be concluded, subject to prior approval by the International Trade
Organization. The I.C.C. believes, as it has already stated in connection
with Article 15, that such arrangements are to be recommended provided that
they contribute, through the reconstruction or organization of certain
areas of the world, to the expansion of world trade and that they do not
create unfair discrimination against third countries.
Quantitative Restrictions
53. In spite of the general rule against quantitative restrictions in
Article 20,1, to which reference, has been made, the Geneva Draft of the
ITO Charter sanctions quantitative restrictions as transitional or
emergency devices which, if they became permanent instrument of commercial
policy, would be completely destructive of the rule itself.Even apart
/from the E /CONF.2 /8
Page 20
from the emergency provisions under Article 20, 2 (a), and Article 43, II
(the latter bearing a time limit of 1 January 1951), quantitative restrictions
are allowed:
(a) to protect balance of payments (Article 21),
(b) to protect, under conditions laid down in Chapter II, national
employment programes,
(c) to protect, under conditions laid down in Chapter III, national
development programmes.
The latter two points have already been dealt with in this Part of the
Report; the balance of payments provisions are discussed below.
Balance of Payments Provisions*
54. As regards the balance of payments, undoubted dangers may arise from
the operation of maximum employment policies, if these are unwisely
conceived. The I.C.C. would draw particular attention to the provisions
of Article 21, 3 (b) (i), which states that: "Notwithstanding the provisions
of paragraph 2 of this Article, no Member shall be required to withdraw or
modify restrictions on the ground that a change in such policies would
render unnecessary the restrictions which it is applying under this
Article". This could open the road to very serious and protracted
infringements of the general rule against quantitative restrictions. The
International Chamber of Commerce is not satisfied that the great importance
of the obligation of Members to pursue their national employment and
development policies in ways which are not destructive of the balance of
payments equilibrium, and thereby of the world economy, is sufficiently
emphasized by the undertakings of Members under paragraph 3 (c) of the same
Article. It would welcome a more specific recognition of the harm that
might be done to international trade and well-being under the guise of
national policies. Furthermore, it considers that the ITO should have the
duty of reporting at regular intervals on quantitative restriction which
are imposed in the circumstances envisaged in Article 21, 3 (b), and that
any such report should have regard to the way in which the undertakings in
Article 21, 3 (c) have been carried out by the Member applying the
restrictions.
* The Swiss National Committee, supported by several other National
Committees, wishes to draw attention to the fact that, were Article 21
to remain unchanged, it would hardly be reasonable to refuse to countries
whose payments at present balance, the same freedom of action granted to
those whose balances of payments are in disequilibrium. Action taken by
the latter under Article 21 may in fact Inflict serious damage on the
former and these, in turn, should logically be entitled in their turn
to take defensive action.
/55. It will E/CONF.2/8
Page 21
55. It will be noted that according to sub-paragraph b (ii), "any Member
applying import restrictions under this Article may determine the incidence
of the restrictions on imports of different products or classes of products
in such a way as to give priority to the importation of those products
which are more essential in the light of such policies". This provision,
it is feared, may open the door to widespread discrimination and perhaps
even to bilateralism.
56. Detailed consultation provisions are listed under paragraph 4 of
Article 21. The I.C.C. regrets, however, the absence of prior approval by
the Organization, which, except under conditions of real crisis or urgency,
it considers to be of great importance. The provision of sub-paragraph (c)
that "any Member may consult with the Organization with a view to obtaining
the prior approval of the Organization for restrictions which the Member
proposes, under this Article, to maintain, intensify or institute" is
rendered ineffectual by the fact that it is a permissive and not a mandatory
clause. The paragraph continues with provisions for what happen should the
Organization approve in advance these restrictions; but nothing is said
about what happens if the approval should be denied.
57. The final paragraph of Article 21 in worthy of very special notice.
it recognizes that the "safeguarding" of balances of payments by quantitative
restrictions may lead to a widespread contraction of international trade and
that measures outside the scope of the Charter provisions may be required
as a corrective. In the opinion of the I.C.C. it is precisely these latter
measures which constitute the real answer to the problem of a persistent
and widespread disequilibrium in balances of payments.
58. In paragraph 3, sub-paragraph c (ii) of this Article, there is an
undertaking not to apply restrictions... "which would prevent the importation
of commercial samples or prevent compliance with patent, trade mark,
copyright or similar procedures". The I.C.C. welcomes this provision in so
far as it goes some way to meeting the recommendation submitted on this
subject to the Geneva meeting by its Montrouz Congress (Resolution 35). It
feels, however, that the whole question of the treatment of samples and
advertising material, which is of great importance to commerce, should be
dealt with on its own merits under the general commercial provisions of-
Chapter IV where it properly belongs, instead of being buried as a sid-issue
in the complex balance of payments provisions of the Charter.
Non-Discrimination .
59. The New York Draft of the ITO Charter provided for the non-discriminatory
administration of quantitative restrictions. This provision remains in the
Geneva Draft, but the exceptions to the rule have been made more comprehensive.
/60. Quantitative E/CONF.2/8
Page 22
60. Quantitative restrictions are almost inevitably discrinatory, as the
I.C.C. has frequently pointed out in the past. Indeed, this is one of
their main drawbacks. The rule that "in applying import restrictions to
any product. Members shall aim at a distribution of trade in such a product
approaching as closely as possible to the shares which the various Member
countries might be exported to obtain in the absence of such restrictions"
Is theoretically sound, but inapplicable in practice, since in a changing
world no one can know what trade channels would develop in the absence of
actually existing trade restrictions.
61. The exceptions to the rule of non-discrimination now listed in
Article 23 are far too extensive. According to paragraph 1 (a): "the
Members recognize that when a substantial and widespread disequilibrium
prevails in international trade and payments, a Member applying restrictions
under Article 21 may be able to increase its imports from certain sources
without unduly depleting its monetary reserves, if permitted to depart from
the provisions of Article 22. The Members also recognize the need for close
limitation of such departures so as not to handicap achievement of
multilateral international trade." This last sentence is inadequate as a
safeguard. Whereas Article 21, 3 (b) (ii), admits discrimination by
products, the above quoted paragraph admits discrimination by countries.
What they amount to, taken in conjunction, is a declaration that the
principle of non-discrimination is a fair-weather principle, and that
"anything goes" under conditions of international economic disequilibrium.
But it is precisely in the latter circumstances that the need for
international discipline and mutual understanding becomes paramount.
62. The I.C.C. approves the provision of paragraph 3 of Article 23,
according to which prior approval by the Organization will be required after
1 March 1952, for any action taken under this Article. It also welcomes
the provision that the ITO will report on action taken by members under
this Article and that those reports will be made annually thereafter. It
notes finally that, should the Organization determine, as a result of its
review of the international situation, that a general disequilibrium in
international trade and payments has ceased to exist, the provisions of
Article 23, paragraph 1, will be suspended and that all actions authorized
thereunder shall cease six months later.
Relations with International Monetary Fund
63. The Geneva Charter marks a great advance over the New York Draft in
the direction of establishing close working relations between the ITO and
the International Monetary Fund. Article 24, 1, stipulates that "the
Organization shal seek co-operation with the International Monetary Fund
/to the end E/CONF.2/8
Page 23
to the end that the Organization and the Fund may pursue a co-ordinated policy
with regard to exchange questions within the jurisdiction of the Fund and
questions of quantitative restrictions and other trade measure thin the
jurisdiction of the Organization."
64. The I.C.C. feels some apprehension as to whether action permitted under
Article 21, as limited by its paragraph 2 (a) read with Article 24 (a),..
be able to be taken sufficiently early to prevent the economic situation of
the country concerned from becoming seriously impaired. It, therefore,
wishes to emphasize the importance of ensuring that the International Trade
Organization, in conjunction with the International Monetary Fund, shall
institute the necessary enquiries and consultations as early as possible,
and as soon as it realized that a situation is developing which Is likely
to lead to a serious decline in a country's monetary reserves.
65. The I.C.C. which has consistently favoured a close working relationship
between the two institutions, welcomes the provisions of Article 24. It
note in particular that in all. matters relating to monetary reserves,
balances of payments and foreign exchange arrangements, the ITO shall
"accept all findings of statistical and other facts presented by the
International Monetary Fund". In particular, the Organization in
administering Article 21 shall accept "the determination of the
International Monetary Fund as to what constitutes a serious decline in
the Member's monetary reserves, a very low level of its monetary reserves
or a reasonable rate of increase in its monetary reserves...".
66. The Article in question also contains the important provision that
"Members shall not, by exchange action, frustrate the intent of the
provisions of this section, nor by trade action, frustrate the intent of
the provisions of the Articles of Agreement of the International Monetaiy
Fund" (paragraph 4).
Subsidies
67. The I.C.C. believes that Section C would be strengthened by placing
Article 26, which contains the general anti-subsidy rule, before
Article 25.
68. Iit s further suggested that the provision of Article 28 that "no
Member shall grant any subsidy on the exportation of any product which has
the effect of acquiring for that Member a share of world tradie n that
producit n excess of the share which it had during a previous representative
period.... " should logically follow paragraph 1 of Article 26, and that both
should be placed at the head of this Section on Chapter IV.
/69. The I.C.C. E/CONF.2/8
Page 24
69. The I.C.C. draws attention to the danger that the exceptions to the
anti-subsidy rule my lead in practice to the wide application of an instrument
of commercial policy whlch may seriously distort the normal channels of world
trade.
State Trading
70. In commenting on the previous Draft of the Charter, the I.C.C. suggested
that the provisions dealing with complete State monopolies of foreign trade.
should be either entirely re-written or left out of the Charter. The I.C.C. .
notes with approval that the Article dealing with this subject in the
New York Draft (Article 33) does not appear in the Geneva Draft, The I.C.C.
also, notes that the question of relationship with non-Members has not
been settled in Geneva and that the Preparatory Committee has established, in
Article 93,three alternative texts for submission to the World Conference.
71. The provisions on State trading that remain deal with the conduct of
business by State enterprises in a non-discriminatory way solely in accordance
with commercial considerations (Article 30), and with the expansion of trade
by State monopolies of individual products (Article 31). These provisions
are not substantially different from Articles 31 and 32 of the New york Draft,
and the I.C.C.'s comments on these Articles presented to the Geneva Session
of the Preparatory Committee (Brochure 106, paragraphs 54 to 58 and 99 to 101)
are still applicable to the Geneva Draft. .
General Commercial Provisions
72. Most of the detailed provisions grouped under this heading of the Charter
are of great practical importance to the business man engaged in international
trade. In many respects the Geneva Draft is an improwvement over the Ne York
Draft, but the I.C.C. has certain suggestions to make for still further
clarifying the provisions of this Section.
73. Article 33 lays down the conditions governing the application of
anti-dumping and countervailing duties. This Article woulvd be greatly improed
if it were preceded by a paragraph or by a separate article placing an
obligation on Members of the ITO to refrain from dumping. In that case,
the notion of dumping would itself have to be clearly defined. The effect
of the Article as it stands at present is merely to give Membership authority
to levy anti-dumping and countervailing duties at their own discretion in
circumstances which are not defined with sufficient precision. It should be
remembered that there is a grave doubt as to whether tuhe imposition of sch
duties is compatible with the most-favoured-nation clause.
74. From the point of view of the trader, Article 34 on valuation for
customs purposes is more satisfactory than .the previous Draft It still fails,
however, to meet the need of "a simple rule-of-thumb method for assessing
duties" (Brochure 106, paragraph 68) which would reduce to a minimum the
l/present uncertant, delays, E/CONF.2/8
Page 25
present uncertainty, delays, and disputes. The I.C.C. still urges that the
definition of "actual value" should be the actual price shown on the commercial
or consular invoice, unless there is reason to suspect fraud, and not a price
which the customs administration has to work out on the basis of ill-defined
criteria. The I.C.C. would prefer to see Article 34 cut down to two
paragraphs only, the first paragraph being the present opening paragraph of
Article 34, and the second paragraph consisting simply of paragraph 3 (a).
This would leave it to the ITO to work out a satisfactory international
system of valuation based on a thorough investigation of present practice
and of the needs of trade.
75. As regards Article 35 on Formalities connected with importation and
exportation the I.C.C. believes that the Havana Conference might usefully
adopt a resolution in favour of an early conference under the suspices of the
ITO or of the Economic and Social Council for the simplification of import
and export formalities. The need for improvement in this field is particularly
urgent.* ' ..
7 . With regad.o mers of origin (Article 36), administration of trade
regulations (Article 37), information, statistics and trade terinolog.
( rticle'8). h. I.C is i full agreement wiGh tveCenea Iaft.
believes, however, that Article 38 would be improved by ceftothe ;
eimportance of unifying Customs nomenclatures, wichasone so o
before the war by the League of Nations.
Emergency Action on Imort f Parciola;Prodots
7c7s. Un adewr thiss heading Article 40 providesthcesstars awoooesioQs ell e
concessiones ith respect to preferences may be withdrae, should thoybe
followed by such increase in imports as to "cause or threaten serious injury"
to domestic producers of like or directly competitive products. This
provision makes it possible fo Member towithdraw unilaterally from a
taesri .greemenrat. It is true that the Article providra,in its paivaph 2,
for procedure oZ onsultatia on, but it is also provided (paragraph 3) that if
no agre eedt is reachb among interested M mbes in the.couse of such...
consultaations, the unil ateral action referred to above cn nevertheless be,.
taken, Memberisffected by such unilateral action may take retalative.
measures. . ..-,
78The I.Q views with apprehension this acceptance of-th rinq4pleo
unilateral cancellation of trade concessions adoby agreement andthe^
possibilities of economic strife latent in the provisions f paragrap.
of thisArticle, . " .,,
/estriotive Business Practios E/CONF.2/8
Page 26
Restrictive Business Practices
79. The I.C.C. continues to believe that the present Draft of this Chapter is
as good an attempt at steering an acceptable middle course between the opposing
points of view as could be hoped for.
80. The I.C.C. has only one observation to add. A new provision has been
included under Article 44, paragraph 3 (g), giving the Organization power to
decide what "similar practices" are restrictive business practices. The I.C.C.
urges that if this provision is to be maintained at all, it would be preferable
to word it as followed: "any similar practices which the Conference by a
two-thirds majority may from time to time decide are restrictive business
practices".
Inter-Governmental Commodity Agreements
81. The I.C.C. notes with satisfaction the improvements in the new text of
Chapter VI. Definitions have been made clearer and the procedure proposed for
study groups and conferences less cumbersome.
82. The I.C.C. welcomes the placing at the head of Chapter VI of a definition
of the term "primary commodities" (Article 53). The I.C.C. feels, however, that
that while the definition given in paragraph 1 of this Article is very clear,
the notion of what range of commodities is covered by Chapter VI becomes
less and less precise in the subsequent paragraphs. In particular,
paragraph 3 would seem to make it possible for government to enter into
commodity agreements with respect to manufactured goods. The I.C.C. strongly
urges the deletion of this paragraph.
83. The scope of the provisions of Chapter VI would be made much clearer if
Article 52 were to indicate the production and marketing characteristics which
distinguish commodities covered by the Chapter from other commodities, and if
Article 53, paragraph 1, were specifically to exclude manufactured goods.
84. The I.C.C. continues to hold that if inter-governmental commodity
agreements are permissible and even desirable in certain circumstances, so are
agreements between private producers. In fact, such agreements should
normally be between the producers concerned, unless they are too numerous
and dispersed.
85. As the I.C.C. has already pointed out in its comments on the New York
Draft (Brochure 106, paragraph 124), it should be made clear in this Chapter
that inter-governmental commodity agreements are temporary emergency
arrangements, and not a permanent feature of economic life.
Settlement of Differences
86. The I.C.C. is glad to see that, in accordance with the proposal it made
in its Report to the Geneva Meeting (Brochure 106), the provisions relating
to the settlement of differences and to interpretation have now been grouped
into a separate Chapter of the Geneva Draft (Chapter VIII).
/87. The Preparatory E/CONF.2/8
Page 27
87. The Preparatory Committee refers the subject for particularly careful
re-examination to the Havana Conference. In view of this recommendation, the
I.C.C. wishes to suggest again that a machinery of conciliation and arbitration
should be set up comprising three distinct stages of action (of Brochure 106,
paragraph 134):
(a) The Organization should pe under an obligation to make recommendations
to Members in circumstances where it has reason to believe that differences
or disputes are likely to arise;
(b) when a complaint or a dispute actually occurs, the Organization should
be under an obligation to provide its good offices for purposes of
conciliation;
(c) Members should undertake, in case conciliation fails, to submit
dispute to an arbitration tribunal external to the Organization, aided
where necessary by technical assessors.
Review of the Charter
88. Article 96 provides that "the Conference (of the ITO) shall convene a
special session for the purpose of reviewing the provisions of this Charter
before the end of the tenth year after its entry into force". In vlew of the
fact that the Charter contains a great many provisions inspired by the present
emergency situation of many countries of the world, it is particularly desirable,
in the opinion of the I.C.C., to include in the Charter machinery for the
revision and liquidation of such provisions at the earliest possible moment,
The I.C.C. suggests therefore that the ten years period provided under
Article 96 is too long and that the ITO Conference should be called in special
session at regular and frequent intervals to review the international
situation and examine the need for changes in the provisons of the Charter. |
|
GATT Library | pb509gb4814 | Acuerdos preferenciales entre pays en voie de développement, négociés au GATT : Résumé des débats de la neuvième réunion tenue le 10 juillet 1975. Établi par le secrétariat | Accord General sur les Tarifs Douaniers et le Commerce, [ca. 1947 - 1994] | General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Organization), Comité des Pays Participants, and Committee of Participating Countries | NaT | official documents | CPC/24 and CPC/24 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/pb509gb4814 | pb509gb4814_90330556.xml | GATT_148 | 2,311 | 15,383 | RESTRICTED
ACCORD GENERAL SUR LES TARIFS CPC/24
DOUANIERS ET LE COMMERCE Distribution spéciale
pays en voie de développement,
négociés au GATT
COMITE DES PAYS PARTICIPANTS
Résumé des débats de la neuvième réunion
tenue le 10 juillet 1975
établi par le secrétariat
1. Le Comité des pays participants, institué par le Protocole concernant les
négotiations commerciales entre pays en voie de développement, a tenu sa neuvième
reunion le 10 juillet 1975, sous la présidence de M. H.J. Choi (République de Corée).
2. Au nom du Comité, le Président a salué le représentant du Paragury, qui assistait
à la reunion afin de procéder à des éhanges de vues avec des membres dans le cadre
du point 1 de l'ordre du jour relatif à l'extension du Protocole.
3. L'ordre du jour propose pour la reunion (document CPC/W/19) a été adopté.
Extension du Protocole
4. Se référant au document CPC/W/22, qui retrace l'évolution récente concernant
l'extension du Protocolo, le Président a suggéré que le Comité commence par examiner
ln demand d'accession sans négociations présentée par le Paraguay conformément au
paragraphe 14 du Protocole. Le Comité pourrait ensuite examiner les faits nouveaux
intervenus dans l'exploration des possibilities d'accession de la Roumanie, du
Sri lanka et de l'Iran conformément aux procedures définies dans le document CPC/S/1,
puis engager un débat sur la situation en ce qui concerne le Bangladesh, la République
Dominicaine et Madagascar qui ont été invités à indiquer s'ils s'tintéressicint à
l'exploration des possibilités d'accession au Protocole.
Paraguay
5. Le Président a rappelé qu'à sa dernière reunion le Comité avait décidé d'inviter
le représentant du Paraguay assistor à la présente réunion afin de procéder à un
échange de vues avec les membres du Comité au sujet de la demand d'accession sans
négotiations présantée par ce pays. Il a constaté que, conformément au paragraphe 14
du Protocols, tout paya qui on fiat la demande peut a accéder au Protocolo, aux CPC/24
Page 2
conditions convenes avec le Comité, sans procéder à des négociations pour l'échange
de concessions. Dans une note distribuée sous la cote CPC/W/21, le secrétariat a
esquissé d'éventuelles clauses et conditions qui pourraient être appropriées dans
les cas où des pays demandent à accéder au Protocole sans négociations, compte
tenu du fait qu'il pourrait être nécessaire d'exminer ces demandes indidullement.
6. Le représentant du Paraguay a remercié les membres qui se sont prononcés en
faveur de la demande d'accession sans négociations présentée par son pays à la
dernière réunion du Comité et s'est félicité de l'occasion qui lui est donnée de
procéder à un échange de vues avec le Comité. Il a déclaré que le Paraguay se
rallied sars reserve aux principes relatifs la coopération entire pays en voie de
développement qui sont énoncés dans le Préambue du Protocole. Pour des raisons
d'ordre historique et géographique, la situation économique du Paraguay est unique
par rapport à celle des autres pays d'Amérique latine. En effect, ce pays n'a pas
d'acès à la mer et se trouve à plus de mille kilometres du port maritime le plus
proche; ses exportations, qui consistent essentiellement en produits agricoles à
l'état brat ou ayant subi une première transformation, doivent donc supporter des
coúts de transport éléves et soutiennent difficilement la concurrence sur les
marchés étrangers. C'est en raison de cette situation particulière que
l'Association latino-américaine de libre-échange a accordé au Paraguay le statut
réservé aux pays "les moins avancés" qui bénéficient d'un traitement spécial dans
le cadre de l'arrangement regional. Le représentant du Paraguay espère et compte
que les pays participants pourront faire droit à la demande deaccession sans
négociations présentée par son pays, à des conditions compatibles avec son dévelop-
pement présenat et futur, ses besoins dans les domaines financier et commercial et
'évolution antérieure de son commerce.
7. Des membres du Comité, prenant note de la déclaration du représentant du
Paraguay ainsi que des informations fournies, se sont prononcés d'une manière
générale en faveur de la demande d'accession sans négotiations présentée par ce
pays.
8. Plusieurs membres se sont aussi déclarés généralement d'accord sur les points
relatifs à l'examen d'éventuelles clauses et conditions d'accession des pays qui
demandent à accéder au Protocole sans négociations, reproduites dans le document
CPC/W/21, et ils ont suggéré de les incorporer dans un projet de protocole pour
l'accession du Paraguay.
9. Un membre a demandé des précisions sur le sens du membre de phrase "le pays
accédant n'aura aucun droit direct pour ce qui est de ces concessions", qui figure
au paragraphe 3, alinéa c), du document CPC/W/21. Le représentant du secrétariat
a expliqué que si un pays participant retire ou modifie une concession, ou prend
des measures d'urgence concenant l'mportation de produits particuliers, cas visés
aux paragraphes 9 et 13 du Protocole, un pays ay-nt accede au Protocole sans
procéder à des négociations pour l'échange de concessions n'aura pas le droit, même
s'il s'agit d'un fournisseur substantiel du ou des produits touch's, d'engager des
renégociations avec le pays qui retire ou modifie une concession, ni d'exercer une
action de représailles en cas de mesures d'urgence concernant l'importation de CPC/24
Page 3
produits particuliers. En ce qui concerne le paragrephe 3, alinéa h), du
document CPC/W/21, dans sequel il est suggéré de prevoir un délai de validité
pour l'accession au Protocole sans négociations, il a été note que la durée de
ce délai dépendra notamment de la situation spéciale du pays accédant, telle
qu'elle apparaîtra au Comité. Avec le temps, on peut espérer que les circonstances
permettront au pays accédant d'engager des négociations avec les pays participants
en vue de l'octroi de concessions tarifaires. Un membre du Comité a été d'avis
qu'il servait approprié de prévoir, pour l'accession sans négociations du Paraguay,
un délai initial de deux ans qui pourrait être prorogé d'une nouvelle période
de deux années.
10. Résumant le débat, le Président a dit que, compte tenu de la declaration du
représentant du Paraguay, les membres du Comité se sont accords d'une façon
générate pour faire droit à la demande d'accession sans négotiations présentée
par ce pays conformément au paragraphe 14 du Protocole. Le Comité a demandé
au secrétariat d'établir et de distribuer un projet de protocol d'accession
du Paraguay qu'il examinera à sa prochaine reunion avec la delegation paraguayenne
en vue de s'entendre sur le texte de l'instrument d'accession. Des membres ont
noté qu'il serait aussi nécessaire, comme l'indique le document du secretariat,
d'examiner individuellement les demandes d'accession sans négociations qui
pourraient être présentées dans l'avenir.
Pays ayant manifesté leur intérêt tour l'exploration des possibilitiés d'accession
11. Le Président a rappelé qu'un résumé des faits nouveaux concernant les pays
qui ont indiqué qu'ils souhaitaient explorer les possibilitiés d'accession au
Protocole (Roumanie, Sri Lanka et Iran) figure aux paragraphes 7 à 12 du
document CPC/W/22. Il a noté que, comme l'avait demandé le Comité, les délégations
de la Roumanie, du Sri Lanka et de l'Iran ont été invitées à indiquer si leurs
pays pourraient être bientôt en mesure de prendre une decision au sujet de leur
accession au Protocole, ce qui ouvrait la voie à la négociation de concessions
avec les pays participants intéressés. La délégation du Sri Lanka a informé le
secretariat que son gouvernement étudiait actuellement la question. Aucune
observation n'est parvenue de la delegation de l'Iran qui, semble-t-il, examine
les renseignements additionnels au sujet du Protocole qu'elle avait demands au
secrétariat. La delegation de la Roumanie a fait savoir que la liste de produits
présentée par son pays pourrait faire l'objet d'une discussion exploratoire avec
les pays participants intéressés.
12. Plusieurs membres du Comité qui n'avaient pas encore procédé à un échange de
renseignements tel qu'il est prévu dans le document CPC/S/1, ont confirmé qu'ils
souhaitaient participer aux procedures d'exploration des possibilities d'accession
de la Roumanie, du Sri Lanka et de l'Iran au Protocole. Les delegations du
Mexique et des Philippines ont fait savoir qu'elles présenteraient prochainement
des listes de produits pour lesquels elles aimeraient explorer les possibilités CPC/24
Page 4
de concessions sur les marchés des pays désireux d'accéder au Protocole. D'autres
membres ont indiqué que les retards apportés à la communication des listes de
produits présentant un intérêt pour leur commerce d'exportation, et de rensei-
gnements sur les droits de douane, les statistiques et les réglementations
commerciales, n'étaient pas dus à un manque d'intérêt de leur part, mais au
programme de travail particulièrement charge que doivent assurer leurs délégations
à effectif restraint et leurs administrations centrales en relation avec les
négotiations commercials multilatérales.
13. En prenant note des faits récent compte tenu du programme arrêté à sa
dernière réunion pour l'exploration des possibilities d'échange de concessions
avec la Rouxanie, le Sri Lanka et l'Iran, le Comité a exprimé l'espoir qu'à la
suite de la commninication du secretariat, ces trois pays seront prochainement
en mesure de presenter une demande d'accession officielle, comme le prévoit le
paragraphe 14 du Protocole. Entre-temps, on compte que les ééchanges 'Winformations
se poursuivront et que des consultationsàa ce sujet porxront 'tengager entre les
pays inéeresées.
Communications au Bangladesh,àa l Ré5publqaue Dominicaine etàa laRé1publq ue
alg
14. A sa reunién d~avd'avril, omite esé convenu que les delegations du Bangladesh,
de la Rdpubéique Dominicaine et de la Rdpubéique malgache seraient prices
dtindiquer si leurs pays desiréient examiner les possibilites déacc'ssion au
Protocole conformimené auw pxocedures definées dans le document CPC/S/1. Le
President a dit qutune'communication avait ete énéoyce aéx delegations concernees
pour leur demander Si, s laàlumiere èes renseignements fournis par le secretariat,
leurs pays souhaiteraient, au stade actuel, explorer les possibilites déaccession
conformsmené aux procedw.édresplicables en la matiere.è En reponée a ceàte
communication, les delegations du Bangladesh et de la Rdpubéique Dominicaine ont
fait savoir que leurs gouvernements procedaiént activement ' 1àTtl'é de la
question et qutils'ilsaient connattrî leurs reactions dans u- prnche avenir.
Aucune reponée n'a e~ttéege çue la delegation malgache.
15. Un membre du Comite a éstims quéil 'erait peut-etreêutile de signaler le
Protocle a lVàtt'ntion dTaut'es pays en voice de develéppement. Le represenéant
du secretariat a rappel a éeàt egaré qu'& laàsuite des pdunrénsispeciaées que le
Comite a éenues en novembre 1973 et en mars 1974, auxquelles tous les pays en voie
de develéppement avaient ete énéites, plusieurs pays ont engage dés procedurés en
vue d'explorer les possibilities déaccession au Protocole, ou ont demands des
renseignements au secretariat, en vue d1exa'iner ces possibilities eé fonction de
leurs intereté êarticuliers. La presentation ulterieére du rapport annuel au
Comite duécommerce et du develéppement fournira aussi lVocc'sion d'amener d'autres
pays en voie de deveéoppurmeeentsIàtereéser au Protocole.
16. Le Comite a é pris ep reonéses preiméinaires des delegations du
Bangladesh et de la R6pubéique Dominicaine, et il a price le secretariat de Je
tenir au courant de le'vo'étion concernant cette question. CPC/24
Page 5
Examen de la situation des pays qui n'ont pas encore ratifié le Protocole
17. Le représentant des Philippines a informé le Comité que les procedures de
ratification en cours dans son pays sont maintenant près d'aboutir. Le Comité
a prié le secretariat de rester on rapport avec les trois pays (Pérou,
Philippines et Uruguay) qui n'ont pas encore mené à term les procedures de
ratification et de lui presenter, à sa prochaine reunion, un rapport sur les faits
nouveaux qui auraient pu se produire à cet égard.
Rapport annuel
18. Le Président a rappelé que, conformément à la decision adoptee en novembre 1971
par les PARTIES CONTRACTANTES à l'Accord général,les pays participants ont été invites
à presenter un rapport annuel sur le fonctionnement du Protocole. Le premier
rapport annuel du Comit' des pays participants (L/4091 et Addenda) a été présenté
à la trentième session des PARTIES CONTRACTANTES, qui ont approuvé une propo-
sition du Conseil selon laquelle les rapports devraient à l'avenir être discutés
on premier lieu par le Comité du commerce et du développement. II est prévu que
la prochaine session de ce Comité aura lieu vers la fin d'octobre 1975. En vue
de faciliter l'établissement du deuxième rapport annuel, is secrétariat a resume
les principles questions relatives à la procedure de presentation des rapports
dans le document CPC/W/20 auquel est annexé projet pro forma pour la
communication de renseignements statistiques.
19. Le Comité est convenu que, pour qu'il ait le temps d'établir son rapport
et de le mettre en former definitive à la réunion qu'il tiendra en septembre 1975,
les pays participants communiqueront au secretariat toutes les données néces-
saires le plus tôt possible et, on tout cas au plus tard le 12 septembre 1975.
Aux fins de comparaison, les tableaux couvriront dans toute la mesure du possible
les années ou les exercices fiscaux 1972,.1973 et 1974. Los renseignements
fournis par chacun des pays participants pourraient être accompagnés d'un bref
aperçu de l'évolution concernant l'application du Protocole. Pour des raisons
de commodité, cette documentation sera rassemblée par le secretariat en même
temps que les renseignements concernant les "lobjectifs et considerations" relatifs
à la Décision de novembre 1971.
Autres questions
20. Le Président a appelé attention du Comité sur les débats de la réunion
tenue en avril par le Groups "Produits tropicaux", à laquelle il a été convenu
notamment que les produits tropicaux pourraient faire l'objet de négotiations
entre les pays en voie de développement conformément aux arrangements ou procé-
dures spéciaux qui ont été ou pourraient être accepts à cette fin. Il a été
suggéré, lors des reunions d'avril et de juin de co Groupe, que le Protocole
pourrait être considéréd comme un arrangement special dans le cadre duquel
pourraient s'insérer les négotiations sur les produits tropicaux ontre pays en
voie de développement. CPC/24
Page 6
21. Le Comité a pris note de la procédure adoptee par le Groupe "Produits
tropicaux" en vue des négotiations sur ces produits entre pays en voie de dévelop-
pement, et il a décidé qu'il reviendrait sur cette question si les circonstances
le justifiaient.
Prochaine réunion
22. II a été convenu que la date de la prochaine réunion trimestrielle ordinaire
du Comité serait fixée par le Président, en consultation avec les delegations. |
GATT Library | qx411wv3868 | Ad Hoc Drafting Group made up of Delegates for France, Cuba, United Kingdom and United States : Partial Redraft of Article 27 | United Nations Economic and Social Council, February 6, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Preparatory Commission of the Conference on Trade and Employment Drafting Committee | 06/02/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/C.6/W.55 and E/PC/T/C.6/W/26-58 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/qx411wv3868 | qx411wv3868_90230260.xml | GATT_148 | 399 | 2,756 | United Nations Nations Unies RESTRICTED
E/PC/T/C.6/W.55
ECONOMIC CONSEIL 6 February 1947
AND ECONOMIQUE ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
SOCIAL COUNCIL. ET SOCIAL
DRAFTING COMMITTEE OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF
THE UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
AD HOC DRAFTING GROUP MADE UP OF DELEGATES FOR
FRANCE, CUBA, UNITED KINGDOM AND UNITED STATES
PARTIAL REDRAFT OF ARTICLE 27
2. Members shall observe the following provisions in applying import
restrictions:
(a) The administration of these restrictions should be carried out
in such a way as to result in a distribution of trade which approaches
as closely as possible to the share which the various Member countries
might be expected to obtain as the result of international competition
in the absence of restrictions.
(b) Wherever practicable quotas representing the total amount of
permitted imports (whether allocated among supplying countries or not)
shall be fixed, and notice given of their amount in accordance with
sub-paragraph (b).
(c.) In cases in which quatas are not practicable, the restrictions
may be applied by mean of import licenses or permits without a quota.
(d) Import licenses or permits, whether or not issued in connection
wich quotas shall not (save for purposas of operating quotas
allocated in accordance with sub-paragraph (e)) sequire or provide
that the license or permit be utilized for the importation of the
product concerned from a particular country or source.
(e) In cases in which a quota is allocated among supplying countries,
the shares of the various supplying Member countries should in principle
be determined in accordance with commercial considerations such as,
/e.g., e.gx., price, quality and customary souruse of supply. For the purpose
of appercising such commercial considerations, the Member applying
the restrictions may seek agreement with respect to the allocation
of shares in the quota with all other Members having a substantial
interest in supplying the prpduct concerned. In cases in which this
method is not reasonably practiable, the Member concerned shall allot
to Member countries having a substantial interest in supplying the
product, shares based upon the proportions of the total quantity or
value of the product supplied by such Member countries during a
previous representative period, due account being taken of any special
factorss which may have affected or may be effecting the trade in the
product.
3. The provisions of this Article shall apply to (a) any export
restriction and (b) any tariff quota established or maintained by any
Member. |
GATT Library | vd154wk6071 | Ad Hoc Sub-Committee (on Article 32) : The Ad Hoc Sub-Committee submits herewith, for the consideration of the Drafting Committee, the following revision of Article 32. (Language in square brackets is to be deleted; underscored language is to be insertd) | United Nations Economic and Social Council, February 19, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Preparatory Commission of the Conference on Trade and Employment Drafting Committee | 19/02/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/C.6/W.86 and E/PC/T/C.6/W/81-87 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/vd154wk6071 | vd154wk6071_90240008.xml | GATT_149 | 729 | 4,641 | United Nations
ECONOMIC
AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
Nations Unies
CONSEIL
ECONOMIQUE
ET SOCIAL
RESTRICED
E/PC/T/C.6/W.86
19 February 1947
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
DRAFTING COMMITTEE OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE EMPLOYMENT
AD HOC SUB-COMMITTEE (ON ARTICLE 32)
The Ad.Hoc Sub-Committee submits herewith, for the consideration
of the Drafting Committee, the following revision of Article 32.
(Language in squaro brackets is to be deleted; underscored.
language is to be-insertd).
RTI A=CLE 32
MAN DEION OFATTRPONBY ST$E M1)OOOLIES
AF PRnDUiW AL nOmCTS,
The Ad. Roc Sub-Committcerewbmits hecrcith, for the consideretion of thc
mrafting Coemittee, the folliowing revison of Article 32:
l, If any Member, othem ehan a Mcrbor subject to the provisions of
Article s3, establizhes , maintain or authorizes, formally or in fact, an
effective monopoly of the importation or exportation of any product, such
:embei shall, upon the requesteof enyeothcr Momecr or Membans having -a
interest in trade eite that Mombordun the pro&-ct concerned., enter into
negotiations wite such Memeor or Membors in the manner provided for in
respect of eariffs undcr Article 24, with regard to
gb)7 (a) in than case of cnexport[themoaximum fomzaxi=e:argin
by which the price for a product charged by the monopoly to
s purcheaser in th territories of such Members may exceee the prico
for such product charged. by the monopoly in the h]me marketJ
arr emegned dosic o&e. limdt er reouco ehe protcctioe afford.cd
throunh the operation of pothe mOnoly to domestic users of the
zed vodize& product or to apssure exores ofopho med pdoluzK ProdAct
ineadequato euantitecs na roasomnble prices; or
b[ a27 (h) E/PC/T/C.6/W.86
Page 2
[(a)] (b) in the case of an import monopoly, the Maximum margin
by which the price for an imported product charged by the monopoly
in the home market may oxceed the landed. cost, before payment of
any duty, of such product purchased. by thc monopoly from suppliors
in the territories of Members, after due allowance [in eithor case]
for intornal taxes, transportation, distribution and other cxpenses
incident to purchase, sale or furthor processing and for
reasonablo margin of profit. For the puroose of applying [these]
this margin [s] regard may be had [in respect of imports] to
average landed costs and selling prices of the monopoly [and, in
respect of exports, to average prices charged. by the monopoly for
exports and sales in the home market respectively] over recent
periods.
(2.) Any Member [s] newly establishing any [such] import monopoly in
respect of any product shall not creeate a margin as defined [above]
in paragraph 1 (b) greater than that represented. by the maximum rato of
import [or expert] duty which may have been negotiated in regard to that
product pursuant to Article 24.
(3.) With regard to any monopolized. product in respect of which a maximum
margin has been established. pursuant to paragraph 1 (b) or paragraph 2 of
this Article, the Monopoly shall, as far as administratively practicable,.
and subject to the other provisions of this Charter [(1)] import from.
Members and offer for sale at prices charged. within such maximum margin [s]
such quantities of the product as will be sufficient to satisfy the full
domestic demand for the imported product, account being taken of any
rationing [of the product] to consumers of the imported. and like domestic
product which ma be in force at that time. [; and]
[(ii) i the case of an export monopoly, offer for sale to
purchasers in the territories of Members at prices charged. within
/such maximum E/PC/T/C . 6/W.86
Page 3
such maximum margins quantities of the product to the fullest extent
that they can be made available for exportation.]
(4.) In applying the provisions of this Article, duo regard shall be had
for the fact that some monopolies are established and operated solely for-
revenue purposes.
The Sub-Committee also discussed the desirability of including in
Chapter VI a provision under which government export monopolies would be
made .subject, on the same basis as private monopolies, to the procedures
regarding restrictive business practices. While not reaching any agreement
on the matter the Sub-Committee felt that the point should be noted for
further consideration at the Second Session and that to this end,
paragraph 1 (a) of Article 39 should be amended to read as follows:
'(a) they are engaged in or made effective by one or more
[public or] private commercial enterprises, etc." |
GATT Library | kg626fw7918 | Ad Hoc Working Party | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 17, 1947 | Third Committee: Commercial Policy and Third Committee: Commercial Policy Sub-Committee A (Articles 16 and 17) | 17/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.3/A/W.2 and E/CONF.2/C.3/A/W.1-39 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/kg626fw7918 | kg626fw7918_90190420.xml | GATT_149 | 118 | 941 | U?ed Nations Nations Unies
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE E/CONF.2/C.3/AW.2
ON DU 17 December 1947
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
THIRD COMMITTE: COMMERCIAL POLICY
SUB-COMMITTEE A (ARTICLES 16 AND 17)
AD HOC WORKING PARTY
Sub-Committee A, at its third meeting on 17 December, established an
Ad Hoc Working Party with the following terms of reference and membership:
Terms of Reference
1. To exa.ine, in the light of Sub-Committee A's discussion, the
proposal of the delegation of Denmark to amend Annex A pertaining to
paragraph 2 (a) of Article 16 (Item 5, Revised Annotated Agenda,
r'.ocuent E/CONF.2/C.3/6), and
2. To recommend to Sub-Committee A an appropriate solution.
Membership
Australia
Denmark
Netherlands
New Zealand
United Kingdom
United States
Uraugay |
GATT Library | dv013vh0917 | Addendum | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 20, 1947 | Third Committee: Commercial Policy and Sub-Committee A (Articles 16, 17, 18, 19) | 20/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.3/15/Add.1 and E/CONF.2/C.3/10-38 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/dv013vh0917 | dv013vh0917_90190105.xml | GATT_149 | 149 | 990 | United Nations
CONFERENCE
ON
TRDE ANM EMPLOYMENT
Nations Unies
CONFERENCE
DU
COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI
UNRESTICTED
E/CONF.2/C.3/15/
Add. 1*
20 December 1947
EMGLISH - FRENCH
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
THIRD COMMITTEE: COMMERCIAL POLICY
SUB-COMMITTEE A (ARTICLES 16, 17, 18 and 19)
ADDENDUM
At the Fifteenth Meeting of the Third Committee, 19 December, the
Chairman, with the approval of the Comittee, appointed the delegate of
Brazil to membership in Sub-Conmittee A on Articles 16, 17, 18 and 19.
TROISIEME COMMISSION : POLITQUE COMMERCIALE
SOUS-COMMISSION A (ARTICIES 16, 17, 18 et 19)
ADDENDUM
A la quinziFme sTance de la TroisiFme Commission, qui s'est tenue le
19 dTcembre, le PrTsident a, avec l'assentiment de la Commission, nommT
le reprTsentant du BrTsil membre de la Sous-Commission A cbargTe d'examiner
les articles 16, 17, 18 et 19.
* This document replaces that which was issued under the symbol
E/CONF.2/C.3/5/Add.1, all copies of which should be destroyed. |
GATT Library | by647zj5326 | Addendum | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 20, 1947 | Third Committee: Commercial Policy and Sub-Committee A (Articles 16, 17, 18, 19) | 20/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.3/5/Add.1 and E/CONF.2/C.3/1-/ADD.45-C.3/9/ADD.1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/by647zj5326 | by647zj5326_90190068.xml | GATT_149 | 131 | 859 | United Nations
CONFERENCE
ON
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Nations Unies
CONFERENCE
DU
COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI
UNRESTRICTED
E/CONF .2/C .3/5/
Add.1
20 December 1947
ENGLISH - FRENCH
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
THIRD COMMITTE: COMMERCIAL POLICY
SUB COMMITTE A (ARTICLES 16, 17, 18 and 19)
ADDENDUM
At the Fifteenth Meeting of the Third Committee, 19 December, the
Chairman, with the approval of the Ccmmittee, appointed the delegate of
Brazil to membership in Sub-Committee A on Articles 16, 17, 18 and 19.
TROISIEME COMMISSION: POLITIQUE COMMERCIALE
SOUS-COMMISSION A (ARTICLES 16, 17, 18 et 19)
ADDENDUM
A Ia quinziFme sTance de la TroisiFme Commission, qui s'est tenue le
19 dTcembre, le PrTsident a, avec l'assentiment de la Commission, nommT
le reprTsentant du BrTsil membre de la Sous-Commission A chargTe d'examiner
les articles 16, 17, 18 et 19. |
GATT Library | pn403xb2744 | Addendum | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 23, 1947 | Third Committee: Commercial Policy and Sub-Committee A (Articles 16, 17, 18, 19) | 23/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.3/15/Add.2 and E/CONF.2/C.3/10-38 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/pn403xb2744 | pn403xb2744_90190106.xml | GATT_149 | 150 | 991 | United Nations
CONFERCE
ON
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Nations Unies
CONFERENCE
DU
COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI
UNRESTRICTED
E/CONF.2/C. 3/15/
Add. 2*
23 December 1947
ENGLISH - FRINCH
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
THIRD COMMITTEE: COMMERCIAL POLICY
SUB-COMMITTEE A (ARTICLES 16, 17, 18 and 19)
ADDENDUM
At the Seventeenth Meeting of the Third Committee, 22 December 1947,
the Chairman with the approval of the Committee, appointed to membership
in Sub-Committee A (Articles 16, 17, 18 and 19) the delegate of Mexico.
TROISIEME COMMISSION : POLITIQUE GENERALE
SOUS-COMMISION A (ARTICLES 16, 17, 18 et 19)
ADDENDUM
Au cours de Ia septiFme sTance de la TroisiFme Commission qui s'est
tenue le 22 dTcembre 1947, le PrTsident, avec l'upprobition de la Comnission,
a nommT le reprTsentant du Maxique membre de In Sous-Commission A (Articles
16, 17, 18 et 19).
* This document replaces that which was issued under the symbol
E-/CONF.2/C.3/5/Add.2, all copies cf which should be destroyed. |
GATT Library | rv334fz5418 | Addendum to annotated Agenda chapter IV, section C - subsidies : Note by the Secretariat | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 12, 1947 | Third Committee: Commercial Policy | 12/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.3/8/Add.1 and E/CONF.2/C.3/1-/ADD.45-C.3/9/ADD.1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/rv334fz5418 | rv334fz5418_90190089.xml | GATT_149 | 85 | 602 | United Nations
CONFERENCE
ON
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Nations Unies UNRESTRICTED
CONFERENCE E/CONF.2/C.3/8/
DU Add.1
COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI 12 December 1947
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
THIRD COMMITTEE: COMMERCIAL POLICY
ADDENDUM TO ANNOTATED AGENDA
CHAPTER IV, SECTION C - SUBSIDIES
Note by the Secretariat
The views of the International Chamber of Commerce on Section
C of Chapter IV of the Draft Charter are contained in documents
E/CONF.2/8 (pages 23 and 24) and E/CONF.2/14 (page 2). Specific proposals
are made regarding the arrangement of Articles 25, 26 and 28.s |
GATT Library | gw439jm3168 | Addendum to annotated agenda (Document E/CONF.2/C.6/12) | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 11, 1947 | Sixth Committee: Organization | 11/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.6/12/Add.1 and E/CONF.2/C.6/1-12/ADD.4 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/gw439jm3168 | gw439jm3168_90170041.xml | GATT_149 | 206 | 1,482 | United Nations Nations Unies E/CONF.2/C,6/12/
Add.1
CONFRENCE CONFERENCE ORIGINAL : ENGLISH 11 December 1947
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE
ON DU
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI
SIXTH COMMITTEE: ORGANIZATION
ADDENDUM TO ANNOTASTED AGENDA (DOCUMENT E/CONF.2/C/1212)
1. Include a second note to the whole of Chapter VIII on page 16 reading
as follows:
The International Chamber of Commerce has submitted some
comments upon this Chapter (see paragraph 87 of document EOCoNF.2/8).
2. Include in the reference quoted in pagraph 4 4 under Article 96
(RivIew of the Charter) on page 27 a reference also to page 3 of document
E/CO.2/14/1
3. After the amendment of the delegation of Pakistan to paragraph 1 (a)
of Alternative A of Article 75 on page 9,nsertrt the following amendment
proposed by the delegation oflEL Salvador:
"Reletter the present sub-paragraph (c) as sub-paragraph (d)
and insert a new sub-paragraph (c) as follows:
"(c) at last two Members from countries producing praryry
commodities and vitally Interested in accordance with the
provisions of Article 55, paragraph 4."
4. Add the following note to the soitlon dealing with Article 84 on
pages 14 and 15:
The International Co-operative Alliance has submitted some
comments upon paragraph 3 of Article 84 - see the finaparagraph
of document E/CONF.2/15. |
GATT Library | bz786cy1614 | Addendum to annotated agenda (E/CONF.2/C.6/12) | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 12, 1947 | Sixth Committee: Organization | 12/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.6/12/Add.2 and E/CONF.2/C.6/1-12/ADD.4 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/bz786cy1614 | bz786cy1614_90170042.xml | GATT_149 | 188 | 1,459 | United Nations United Nations E/CONF.2/C.6/12/
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE Add.2
ON DU 12 December 1947
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE LEMPLOI
SIXTH COMMITTEE: ORGANIZATION
I', T)OR
ADDENDUM TO ANNOTATED AGENDA (E/CONF.2/0.6/12)
1. The delegation of Equador has submitted the following revision of
its amendement to paragraph 2, Article 1, on page 29 of the Annotated
Agenda:
"Add the following after paragraph 2:
".....To assure an equitable regulation of prices on the
international market so that a fair relationship may be
maintained between the standard of living in countries which
mainly produce raw materials and that in countries which
mainly produce manufactured goods."
2. The delegation of Ecuador has now submitted the following explanation
of Its amendment,
"At the United Nations Assembly held in London on 29 January
1946, the delegations of the following countries voted in favour
of the above principle:
"Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Byelorussian SSR, Bolivia,
Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Chile,
China, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, France, Greece, Guatemala,
India, Iran, Lebanon, Liberia, Luembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands,
New Zealand, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, South Africa, Syria,
Turkey, the United Kingdom, Ukrainian SSE, Uruguay and Yugoslavia." |
GATT Library | yw478nx8289 | Addendum to annotated Agenda for Chapter V | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 13, 1947 | Fourth Committee: Restrictive Business Practices | 13/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.4/4/Add.1 and E/CONF.2/C.4/1-25 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/yw478nx8289 | yw478nx8289_90190646.xml | GATT_149 | 78 | 577 | United Nations
CONFERENCE
ON
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Nations Unies
CONFERENCE
DU
COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI
UNRESTRICTED
E/CONF. 2/C. 4/4/
Add.1
13 December 1947
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
FOURTH COMMITTEE: RESTRICTIVE BUSINESS PRACTICES
ADDENDUM TO ANNOTATED AGENDA FOR CHAPTER V
1.The International Chamber of Commerce has proposed an amendment to
Article 44, paragraph 3, sub-paragraph (g) (E/CONF.2/14).
2. The International Co-operative Alliance has expressed its views on the
Draft Charter, including some remarks in relation to Chapter V, in document
E/CONF.2/15. |
GATT Library | sb738hp3984 | Addendum to annotated Agenda for Chapter V | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 13, 1947 | Fourth Committee: Restrictive Business Practices | 13/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.4/4/Add.1 and E/CONF.2/C.4/1-25 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/sb738hp3984 | sb738hp3984_90190646.xml | GATT_149 | 0 | 0 | |
GATT Library | st987zw9353 | Addendum to Directory of Delegations and Secretariat room and telephone numbers | United Nations Economic and Social Council, June 26, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 26/06/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/INF/22.Add.1 and E/PC/T/INF/22/REV. 1-66 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/st987zw9353 | st987zw9353_90200445.xml | GATT_149 | 222 | 1,466 | UNITED NATIONS
EXONOMIC AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
NATIONS UNIES
CONSEIL
UNRESTRICTED Rev.1.
E/PC/T/INF/22.Add.1
26 June 1947
ECONOMIQUE
ENGLISH ONLY
ET SOCIAL
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
ADDENDUM TO DIRECTORY OF DELEGATIONS AND SECRETARIAT
ROOM AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS
On Page 22, the following revisions should be made:
NORWAY Room No. Telephone
Mr. Hans Blom
Mr. Paal Bog
H. E. M. Erik Colban
Mr. Odd Göthe
Mr. Olav Hogna
Miss Judith Johansen
Mr. Ctto C. Malterud
Mr. Johan Melander
Mr. Toffinn Oftedal
Mrs. Gudrun Ramstad
Miss Sigrid Sagur
Mr. Arne Skaug
Mr. Hans K. Torgersen
480
478/266
476
480
480
478
2722
2721/
2270
2720
Hotel
Hotel Eden
Hotel Eden
Hotel des Bergues
2722 Hotùel Eden
2722 Hotel Eden
2721 Hotel Eden
480
478/265
480
478
478
480
478/266
2722
2721/
2270
2722
2721
2721
2722
2721/
2270
Hotel Eden
Hotel Beau Rivage
Hotel Eden
Hotel Eden
Hotel Eden
Hotel Eden
6, rue Thalberg
On page 34, the following addresses should be noted:
International Monetary Fund:
Mr Hexner Hotel Eden
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
Mr. Ansel F. Luxford Hotel Cornavin
On Pages 35 and 36, the following should be added:
Miss E. Leslie
Mr.Eric Wyndham White
Room
203
Telephone
2222
216
2241
Hotel
17 Chemin du Bouchet
2.45.54
4 Chemin Kermely,
Avenue Miremont |
GATT Library | zj763sw0306 | Addendum to Directory of Delegations and Secretariat Room and Telephone Numbers (E/PC/T/INF/22. Rev.1) | United Nations Economic and Social Council, August 5, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 05/08/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/INF/22.Rev.1 Add 4 and E/PC/T/INF/22/REV. 1-66 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/zj763sw0306 | zj763sw0306_90200448.xml | GATT_149 | 78 | 554 | UNITED NATIONS
ECONOMIC
AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
NATIONS UNIES
UNRESTRICTED
CONSEIL E/PC/T/INF/22.Rev.1 Add 4
ECONOMIQUE5 August 1947.
ET SOCIAL
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Addendum to Directory of Delegations and Secretariat
Room and Telephone Numbers (E/PC/T/INF/22. Rev.1)
The following names should be added :
India :
Mr. R.S. Mani
Room No.
302
Telephone
2344
United States :
Mr. Lynn R. Edminster 412 2434
Mr. Seymour J. Rubin 409 2445 |
GATT Library | dx455wx3069 | Addendum to Directory of Delegations and Secretariat room and telephone numbers (E/PC/T/INF/22.Rev.1) | United Nations Economic and Social Council, July 4, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 04/07/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/INF/22.Rev.1 Add.2 and E/PC/T/INF/22/REV. 1-66 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/dx455wx3069 | dx455wx3069_90200446.xml | GATT_149 | 160 | 1,120 | UNITED NATIONS
ECONOMIC
AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
NATIONS UNIES CONSEIL
ECONOMIQU E
ET SOCIAL
UNRESTRICTED E/PC/T/INF/22.Rev.1 Add.2
4 July 1947
ENGLISH ONLY
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
ADDENDUM TO DIRECTORY OF DELEGATIONS AND SECRETARIAT
ROOM AND TELEPHONE NUMBERS (E/PC/T/INF/22.Rev.1)
The following additions and changes should be made:
Australia:
Mr. John J. Dedman
Room No. Telephone
454
China:
Mr. W.J. Chang
Mr. C.K. Chen
Mr. K.C. Hsieh
Mr. S.S. Shih
355
353
388
353
New Zealand:
Mr. E.R. Roberts
Union of South Africa:
433
2483
2310
2306
2308
2306
2590
Mr. J.G.N. Strauss
Mr. S.F. Waterson
United Kingdom:
Mr. LP. Thompson-McCausland
Observers:
Peru:
Mr. Pedro Larranaja
International monetary Fund:
Mr. Hexner
Food and agriculture Organization:
Mr. Paul Lamartine Yates
Mr. Karl Olsen
Miss June Houghton
Secretariat:
Miss Shirley Maclean
439
439
112
2477
2477
2657
Hotel Bernina
208
2239
C-217
C-217
C-217
225-1
Mr. Alan Renouf 242
2287
2287
2287
2840
2205 |
GATT Library | yv532tj8324 | Addendum to Document E/PC/T/C.6/97 | United Nations Economic and Social Council, February 24, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Preparatory Commission of the Conference on Trade and Employment Drafting Committee | 24/02/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/C.6/97/Add.1 and E/PC/T/C.6/97/REV.1-97/ADD.1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/yv532tj8324 | yv532tj8324_90230178.xml | GATT_149 | 96 | 821 | United Nations
Nations Unies
ECONOMIC CONSEIL E/TC/T/C.6/97/Add.1
AND ECONOMIQUE 24 Februay 1947
SOCIAL COUNCIL ET SOCIAL ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
DRAFTING COMMITTEE OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
ADDENDUM TO DOCUMENT E/PC/T/C.6/97
Annexure A
List of Territories referred to in sub-paragraph (2) (a) (ii) of
Article 14.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and its
dependent territories,
Canada,
The Commonwealth of Australia and its dependent territories,
New Zealand and its dependent territories,
The Union of South Africa, including South West Africa,
Ireland,
India,
Newfoundland,
Southern Rhodesia,
Burma,
Ceylon. |
GATT Library | rw507gm7120 | Addendum, to First Report of the Administrative Sub-Committee (Document E/PC/T/C.6/62) | United Nations Economic and Social Council, February 11, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Preparatory Commission of the Conference on Trade and Employment Drafting Committee | 11/02/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/C.6/62/Add.1 and E/PC/T/C.6/61-72 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/rw507gm7120 | rw507gm7120_90230119.xml | GATT_149 | 118 | 1,011 | United Nations Nations Unies
ECONOMIC CONSEIL RESTRICTED
AND ECONOMIQUE E/PC/T/C.6/62/Add.1
11. February 1947
SOCIAL COUNCIL ET SOCIAL
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH=
RDAFINGG CMOMTTEEI OFTH E PEPRARATORY CMMITOTEE OFTH E
NITEDINATONS CONEFER-EE ON TRADE AIN'EIMPPWYMENTE
ADENDUM, TO IFRSTR POPRT OF HTEADMINISTRATIVE
SUB-CMMITTEEO (DOCUEMNTE/P C/T/C.6/62)
Insert between the second to last and last paragraph on page 4 of
document E/PC/T/C.66/2:
vn case that neither of these two alternative drafts wouldl
provide for satisafctory means ofg iving due representation on
the Executive, Board to members of the rgaOnization with structurally
different economies, the French proposalEe/PC/T/C.6/.W53 may
provide a principle to achieve this objective by assuring permanent
representation to at least some of the members in each of the
yupical stages of economic development." |
GATT Library | jg407yy5234 | Addendum to note by the Executive Secretary. Table of data for use in determining different formulae for weighted voting | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 2, 1947 | 02/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/4/Add.1 and E/CONF.2/1-8 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/jg407yy5234 | jg407yy5234_90040016.xml | GATT_149 | 69 | 465 | United Nations
CONFERENCE
ON
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Nations Unies
CONFERENCE
DU
COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI
UNRESTRICTED
E/CONF.2/4/Add. 1
2 December 1947
ENGLISH
ORIGINAL: FRENCH
ADDENDUM TO NOTE BY THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
TABLE OF DATA FOR USE IN DETERMINING
DIFFERENT FORMULAE FOR WEIGHTED VOTING
Page 6:
Add the following figures
National Income million U.S.$ 1946
Turkey .. 2.071
in respect of Turkey:
Trade as % of
National Income 1946
16 |
|
GATT Library | qk124qf8673 | Addendum to revised annotated Agenda for chapter II | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 11, 1947 | First Committee: Employment and Economic Activity | 11/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.1/7/Add.3 and E/CONF.2/C.1/1-26 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/qk124qf8673 | qk124qf8673_90180241.xml | GATT_149 | 179 | 1,307 | United Nations Nations Unies UNRESTRICTED
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE E/CONF.2/C.1 /7/
ON DU December 1947
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI ENGLISH - FRENCH
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
FIRST COMMITTEE: EMPLOYMENT AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
ADDENDUM TO REVISED ANNOTATED AGENDA FOR CHAPTER II
Article 7
Page 7 - add the following:
"The International Chamber of Commerce has made a proposal for
the deletion of this Article (see E/CONF.2/8 and 14)."
It will be noted that the Chain draw the attention of the First
Committee to this proposal during the discussion of Article 7 (see
E/CONF.2/C 1/SR.7).
PREMIRE COMMISSION: EMPLOI ET ACTIVITE ECONOMIQUE
ADDENDUM A L'ORDRE DU JOUR ANNOTE PREPARE EN VUE
DE LA DISCUSSION DU CHAPITRE II
Article 7
Ajouter, aprFs le premier paragraphe de la page 12, le texte suivant:
"La Chambre de commerce international a formuie une proposition
tendant a la suppression de cet article (voir documents E/CONF.2/8 et 14))
Il conviant de noter que le President de la Comeission a signalT cette .
proposition à l'attention de la PremiFre Commission lors de la discussion
de l'article 7 (voir document B/CONF.2/C.1/SR.7). |
GATT Library | vy682nr7599 | Addendum to revised annotated Agenda for chapter IV section B - quantitative restrictions and exchange controls : Views of International Chamber of Commerce | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 12, 1947 | Third Committee: Commercial Policy | 12/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.3/7/Add.1 and E/CONF.2/C.3/1-/ADD.45-C.3/9/ADD.1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/vy682nr7599 | vy682nr7599_90190083.xml | GATT_149 | 135 | 1,013 | United Nations Nations Unies
UNRESTRICTED
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE E/CONF.2/C.3/7
ON DU Add. 1
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPL0I 12 December 1947
0RIGINAL: ENGLISH
THIRD COMMITTE: COMMERCIAL POLICY
ADDENDUM TO REVISED ANNOTATED AGENDA FOR CHAPTER IV
SECTION B - QUANTITATIVE RESTRICTIONS AND EXCHANGE
CONTROLS
Views of International Chamber of Commerce
1. The Iternational Chamber of Commerce in document E/CONF.2/8 has
expressed its views on the Draft Charter. Particular reference to
Chapter IV - Section B is contained in pages 9 - 10 and 19 - 23 of
that document.
2. Suggestions by the International Chamber of Commerce for specific
amendments to Chapter IV - Section B are contained in document
E/CONF.2/14 with respect to the following provisions:
Article 21, paragraph 3
Article 21, paragraph 3 (b) (i)
Article 21, paragraph 4
Article 22, paragraph 2 |
GATT Library | xx382gk1502 | Addendum to Summary Report of Tenth Meeting (E/PC/T/C.6/36) | United Nations Economic and Social Council, February 5, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council, Preparatory Commission of the Conference on Trade and Employment Drafting Committee, and Technical Sub-Committee | 05/02/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/C.6/36/Add.1 and E/PC/T/C.6/21-36/ADD.1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/xx382gk1502 | xx382gk1502_90230083.xml | GATT_149 | 106 | 866 | United Nations
Nations Unies
RSTRICTED
ECONOMIC CONSEIL 5 February 1947
AND ECONOMIQUE E/PC/T/C.6/36/Add.1
SOCIAL COUNCIL ET SOCIAL ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
DRAFTING COMMITEE OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
TECHNICAL SUB-COMMITTEE
ADDENDUM TO SUMMARY REPORT OF TENTH MEETING (E/PC/T/C. 6/36)
On page 4 of the summary report of the Tenth Meeting of the
Technical Sub-Committee, the following sentence should be inserted at
the beginning of paragraph 5:
"The Organization shall act as a centre for the collection,
exchange and publication of statistical information relating to
international trade of the kind referred to in paragraph 1. The
Organization may, in collaboration etc." |
GATT Library | jk514ww2374 | Addendum to text of polish speech | United Nations Conference on Trade & Employment, November 27, 1947 | Department of Public Information Havana, Cuba and United Nations Conference on Trade & Employment | 27/11/1947 | press releases | Press Release ITO/39/.Add.1 and ITO/1-48 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/jk514ww2374 | jk514ww2374_90200329.xml | GATT_149 | 121 | 700 | UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE & EMPLOYMENT
Department of Public Information
Havana;'' Cuba
Press Release ITO/39/.
Add.1
27 November 1947
ADDENDUM TO TEXT OF POLISH SPEECH
PLEASE INSERT ON PAGE 2, AFTER FIRST PARAGRAPH ENDING WITH
"transfer of exchange. ":
"Our main doubts concerning the Draft Charter are based
on fears that its introduction at the present time is premature.
It seems to us that the right moment for the introduction of this
Charter is still rather far away and that the actual world con-
ditions do not tend to facilitate and hasten its forthcoming.
(PICK UP SECOND PARAGRAPH BEGINNING: "One of the main
provisions, etc"),
# # # # # # #
# # # # # # # # |
GATT Library | zj382md3771 | Addendum to the Summary Record of the Fifth Plenary Meeting : (The following is the text of Dr. Geni's speech, referred to in document E/CONF.2/SR.5 on page 5) | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, November 29, 1947 | 29/11/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/SR.5/Add.1 and E/CONF.2/SR.1-21 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/zj382md3771 | zj382md3771_90180131.xml | GATT_149 | 2,531 | 15,650 | United Nations Nations Unies UNRESTRICTED
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE E/CONF.2/SR.5/Add.1
ON DU 29 November 1947
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
ADDENDUM TO THE SUMMARY RECORD OF THE FIFTH PLENARY MEETING
(The following is the text of Dr. Geni's speech,
referred to in document E/CONF.2/SR.5 on page 5)
On behalf of the Government of the Republic of Indonesia, the Indonesian
delegation brings greetings to you and also extends its thanks for the
invitation to attend this International Trade and Employment Conference. Let
me state in the first place that we wholeheartedly welcome the creation of
the International Trade Organization. From a general point of view, we are
convinced that only through international action, and consultation can the
purposes and objectives laid down in Chapter I of the trade charter of the
ITO be achieved. He particularly welcome the ITO because my country is
one which, though rich in resources, has up to now been denied the fruits
of a proper and speedy economic development. Though providing great
potentialities and possibilities for industrial development, our resources
have as yet remained relatively untapped.. Article 8 of Chapter III, which
deals with the importance of economic development, is in this respect,
therefore, not without significance for us.
We also pledge ourselves to adhere to Article 12 of Chapter III of the
Draft Charter, in respect of international investment for economic development,
What is contained in the paragraphs of the Article just mentioned has, from
the very start of our existence as a free country, been one of the guiding
principles of my Government in its economic policy. The Governments of the
Republic of Indonesia will welcome and encourage, in complete accord with
Article 12, foreign investments in all fields, in order. to. raise the
productive capacity of the country. My Government is prepared to give the
necessary incentive to foreign economic interests willing to take up economic
activities in Indonesia. Such incentives can be given in the form of special
Government assistance in accordance with Article 13 - regarding governmental
assistance to economic development - and also in the field of taxes, duties,
etc, We pledge to bind ourselves by Section A of Chapter IV, dealing with
tariffs, preferences, internal taxation, and regulation.
The Republic-of Indonesia has never believed in the dishonest practice.
of unilaternal confiscation. It is the firm belief of my Government that, in
adhering to the principles emunciated above, we not only serve the interests
of our own population; but what is even more important, the large common
/interests of all E/CONF .2/SR .5/Add .1
Page 2
interests of all countries in improving opportunities for employment, by
enhancing the productivity of labour, by increasing the demands for goods
and services, by contributing to a balanced. global economy, by expanding
international trade, and by raising the levels of real income as specified
in Article 8 and the subsequent articles of Chapter III.
Indonesia is a nation with a great past and a greater future in
Southeast Asia; blessed. with enormous resources of raw materials and manpower,
Indonesia is ready to play a part worthy of its geographic and economic
position in the world of today and tomorrow.
The delegation which I have the heaour to represent has come here in a
spirit of duty to acquaint this Conference - and through this Conference the
world at large - with the huge potentialities of my country, whose great
wealth of raw materials, agricultural and mineral, has been known to the world
for the past thousand years. It is in the spirit of "live and let live" that
we have come here to acquaint you with what my country can offer the world
and what we expect in return, so that not only peace but material well-being
can quickly be realized in Southeast Asia, one of the main trouble spots in
the world today.
Perhaps it might be as well if I should outline to this Conference a
few facts about Indonesia. The Indonesian Archipelago consists of the
Greater Sunda Islands comparing Java, Sumatra, Borneo and Celabea, the'
Lesser Sunda Islands ebmracing Bali, Sumbawa, Timor and MoIuccas, and one-half
of New Guinea. The totaa land surface comprises an area of two mllion
square kilometres, with an estimated population of 71 millions. The density
of population works out to an average of 35 per square kilometre. The
last census was taken in 1930, when the total population was returned as
nearly 61 millions, At that time the number of Indonesians was a shade over
59 millions; Dutchmen, Eurasians of Dutch. deacent,and non-Dutch European
totalled a quarter million; the Chinese returned the figure of one and a
quarter million; while peoples of other Asiatic countries resident in
Indonesia accounted for just over a hundred thousand.
Owing to the Pacific War and the difficult coniditions in which we have
lived after the Japanese surrender we have not been able to take a census.
However, basing our estimate on a natural increase of a percent per annum,
we reckon the present population of the Indonesian Archipelago at 71 millions.
I stress this point particularly in connection with the proposed formula
outlined in the Appendix to the Draft Charter for determining the number of
votes to be allocated. to each member, and in this connection I wish to make
special reference to Formula A. In Table A, page 66, the Netherlandas is
stated as representing a population of 80 millions. This figure should be
broken down as. follows; ten millions in Holland; half a million in Surinam
/and Curacao; E/CONF.2/SR.5/Add.1
Page 3
and Curacao; and 71 millions in the Indonesian Archipelago a considerable
proportion of which are in the territory of the republic of Indonesia. In
view of these facts, we cannot agree with the statement that the Dutch should
be credited with representing 80 million people. The Mohammedans form an
overwhelming majority of the population, the minorities being Christians,
both Protestants and Catholics, and Buddhietic Hindus. But whatever the
religious outlook of any Indonesian may be, he is determined that the
country shall be free. The basis of our society from the damn of history
up to now is what is known as "Adat", which is a code of conduct and a
pattern of behaviour prescribed by customary, written laws. This,
together with religion, has always given our society, a democratic
orientation and proved our best guarantee against the emergence of unwelcome
political ideologies.
Of this vast population of 71 millions, 85 per cent are peasants.
Going by the 1930 census; only 7 out of 100 could read or write. The number
of medical doctors in prewar Indonesia to serve a population of nearly
61 millions was only twelve hundred - one doctor to look after the health
needs of 60,000 people scattered over an extensive land surface.
A word now about economic conditions in prewar Indonesia. The setting
is that of a typical colonial economy, i.e., and export economy. During,
the twenty Years ending 1939, Indonesia exported goods to a total value of
13,000 million dollars. Imports for the same period were 8,000 million
dollars, with an export balance of 5,000 million dollars which works out
to an average of 250 million dollars a year. The trade volume for the
same twenty years was 30,000 million dollars, equal to an annual volume
of 1,500 million dollars. Let me pick one typical year to show you what
conditions were like. In 1938 the excess of exports over imports netted
300 million dollars. Of this vast sum of money, only 38 million dollars
went to the Indonesian population which made up 98 per cent of the entire
population. The remaining 262 million dollars went to the non-Idonesian
population of two per cent. You can gather from this that the living
standard of the Indonesians was deplorable and all the more so because
Indonesia has been and continues to be a country with Immense resources
of raw materials.
In 1922 the average Indonesian wage was sixteen cents a day for the
single working member of a family of five. This works out at three cents
a day per person. By 1933 the average wage of the Indonesian had sunk to
five cents a day.- one cent per person per day.
/It will be E/CONF .2/SR. 5/Add.1
Page 4
It will be noticed that the national income of the Indonesians showed
a steady deterioration over the years. While in 1929 the Indonesian
population of 61 millions earned 2,000 million dollars, in 1933 the figure
had dropped to 850 million dollars, with a slight rise to 1,000 million
dollars in 1937. It must, of course, be borne in mind that with a drop
in the income there was a steady increase in population.
One of, the consequences of this fall in national income was the
reduced purchasing power of Indonesians and increasing illiteracy. In 1928
31 million dollars was spent on education, yet only a fraction of the
Indonesian children of school-going age was able to take advantage of the
meager facilities available for education.
In 1938, the education budget was cut down to nine million dollars,
For three and a half years the Japanese exploited the indonesian.
Archipelago to feed their war machine. Raw products were taken by force
or commandeered at nominal prices arbitrarily fixed by the Japanese. The
Japanese flooded, the country with military script, which was not on even
the paper on which it was printed. As the Japanese also seized crops
without providing adequate reserves for the population, Indonesia always
Self-sufficient in food, was faced by hunger, four to five million
Indonesians fall victims to starvation, while millions of others still bear
the Sears of undernourishment. You have in Indonesia a country rich in
resources but with a pauperized population.
Since the proclamation of the Republic of Indonesia on 17 August 1945,
the Republic has been forced to lead a precarious existence in which the
supply of even such urgently needed necessities as medicines, drugs,
chemicals, textiles clothing, and transport and communication facilities
was interrupted.
Fortunately for us, we have been able to-produce enough rice, which
is our staple; to feed the populaton. - -*
While thehe ma s phoertuage o foodmost icounts tmnoeoolation in l cies
of the world todaye up , we in Indonesia halangto now been getting o fairly
wl in that respect. Java alone proof ricef rice iour million: tons Qo:
1. wma re . e r4 orsdin 19 a5; ra futr dopto
2.1 million tons in 19146. Inowe 947, hver, thear e wasci nappreable
increa.se to 33 million tons. The production of auxiliary foods as maize,
tapica, ground nuts and soya-beans is still incr.easing. -
Alonig witot th sat sac s fcod posaition therec -hs-bensaufiCint
wrIin the Republic, with only a very ffulew not gainti employed. Because
/of the type. E/CONF. 2/SR. 5/Add. 1
Page 5
of the type of society in existence, where the family is the unit, religion
and customary law make it possible for the unemployed to find food and
shelter with their families till they can seek new employment.
Our living standard has been so low that we have practically nothing
to lose..
We have endeavoured with the slender means at our command to reconstruct
and rehabilitate our country so as to insure to the people what they have
been denied through the long centuries of colonial exploitation - a standard
of living commensurate with the great wealth of the country.
Political freedom has many aspects, but to us the paramount consideration
is a quick heightening of the standard of living of our population. This is
a just and reasonable demand because we feel that the richness of the
Indonesian soil should be devoted primarily for the humanitarian work of
lifting the living standard of our people.
This is one of the aims specifically stated in Chapter I of the
Draft Charter of the ITO, which defines its purposes and objectives.
The possession of the power of self-government is in the modern world
the most vital Instrument in the struggle for economic and cultural progress.
In accordance with Chapter IV, Article 16, paragraph 1, concerning
the general most-favoured nation treatment, I would like to state that
there should be free access to the material wealth of Indonesia. The
Republic of Indonesia will not sponsor monopolies. We are well aware of the
possible dangers of restrictive business practices in their effects on
international trade,
We further hope that Article 44, Chapter V, referring to general
policy regarding restrictive business practices, will be instrumental
in promoting direct trade between our country and the outside world.
This is a suitable point at which to tell you what Indonesia needs
for her speedy economic reconstruction and trade rehabilitation, remembering
all the time that Indonesia has been without any consumer goods for the
last six years. Our immediate needs, our vital priorities, are: Textiles,
medicines and medical equipment, chemicals, incentive goods, transport
and communications utilities, and tools and equipment for agriculture and
industry, as well as consumer goods of all kinds and varieties. Nearly
two-thirds of the population of Java and quite a goodly portion of the
population of Sumatra is today badly clothed as a result of the Japanese
occupation and the conditions since prevailing. The Republic of Indonesia
has not been able to carry out its reconstruction programme at either
the tempo or the extent desirable, because of the shortage of equipment
/and goods. E/CONF .2/SR.5/Add.1
Page 6
and goods. Be that as it may, with the primitive means we have at our
command, we have gone on with our reconstructive work in the fields of
education, public works, agriculture, and health. In the great task which
'lies ahead of us, we look to nations and peoples of good will to give us
a helping hand with technicians as well as the tools of reconstruction. With
the manpower and resources which we are fortunate to possess, we shall be
able to return to the world at no distant date the fruit of your assistance
to us.
It is in this spirit that my delegation has been sent to this
Conference by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. The Republic
pledges its full support to the Intenational Trade and Employment Organizatic
The Republic can deliver direct to all who may need the surplus products
of Indonesia, and we can right now export in big quantity to the
international market. And the Republic agrees to take in increasing
volume the goods which you can manufacture, and to take them without
imposing Sunreasonable tariffs or export or import duties We seek world
trade, we seek the products of the industrialized countries.
Any decisions we arrive at here should be on the basis of moral worth,
fair chance, and fair play. We have come here to achieve concrete results,
not -rigid formulas or outmoded practices, because it is vitally important
that we should change the international economic aspect in the right
direction for the benefit of all mankind. The Republic of Indonesia is
prepared to accept whatever is Just and reasonable, and we look forward
to your co-operation and guidance in the achievement of our aims.
Mr. President and Gentlemen, I thank you. |
|
GATT Library | tf817mn7509 | Addendum to the summary record of the Fourth Meeting | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 12, 1947 | Fifth Committee: Inter-Governmental Commodity Agreements | 12/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.5/SR.4/ADD.1 and E/CONF. 2/C. 5/SR. 1-15 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/tf817mn7509 | tf817mn7509_90200086.xml | GATT_149 | 166 | 1,214 | United Nations Nations Unies UNRESTRICTED
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE E/CONF.2/C.5/SR 4/
ON DU ADD.1
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'LEMPLOI 12 Dedember 1947 ORIGINAL : ENGLISH
FIFTH COMMITTEE: INTER-GOVERNMENTAL COMMODITY AGREEMENTS
ADDENDUM TO THE SUMMARY RECORD OF THE FOURTH MEETING
The delegation of the United States has requested the following
additions to the Summary Record of the Fourth Meeting of the Committee:
Page 6, under Article 52:
The addition, after the sentence ending with the word "footnote",
of:
"In supporting this suggestion, the United States pointed out
that the fact stated in the footnote had now been recognized
not only by the countries in the Preparatory Committee but
also by all the participants in the Conference."
Page 8, under Article 54, paragraph (b)
The inclusion of an additional sentence following the word
"manpower": --
"It was pointed out that the Charter referred to 'economic
adjustments designed to promote' the shift of resources and
manpower, not to action directed to the shift of resources
and manpower as such." |
GATT Library | fv953nk6860 | Addition to Directory of Delegations | United Nations Economic and Social Council, September 6, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 06/09/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/INF/22 Rev.1Add.5 and E/PC/T/INF/22/REV. 1-66 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/fv953nk6860 | fv953nk6860_90200449.xml | GATT_149 | 65 | 460 | UNITED NATIONS
ECONOMIC
AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
NATIONS UNIES
CONSEIL
ECONOMIQUE
ET SOCIAL
UNRESTRICTED
E/PC/T/INF/22 Rev.1Add.5
6 September 1947
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT,
ADDITION TO DIRECTORY OF DELEGATIONS
The following additions should be made to the list
of Observers of Countries Members of the United Nations.
Under Denmark add:
Mr.
Mr.
Knud Korst
Robert Bertram |
GATT Library | cb392cx7327 | Addndum to annotated agenda : Note by the Secretariat | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 12, 1947 | Fifth Committee: Inter-Governmental Commodity Agreements | 12/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.5/5 and E/CONF. 2/C. 5/1-19 C. 5/A/1-2 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/cb392cx7327 | cb392cx7327_90200053.xml | GATT_149 | 96 | 765 | United Nations
CONFERENCE
ON
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Nations Unies UNRESTRICTED
CONFERENCE E/CONF.2/C.5/5
DU 12 December 1947
COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
FIFTH COMMITTEE; INTER-GOVERNMENTAL COMMODITY AGREEMENTS
ADDNDUM TO ANNOTATED AGENDA
Note by the Secretariat
For the information of delagates in the consideration of the
Annotated Agenda for the Fifth Committee, there is listed below
documented containing comments on Chapter VI by Non-governmental
Organizations:
Organization
International
Co-opetative
Alliance
International Chamber
of Commerce
International Chamber
of Commerce
Reference
55
56
61
52
53
53
62
Document No.
E/CONF2/15
.E/CONF.2/8
3 - 5
26
2 and 3
E/CONF.2/14 |
GATT Library | xs846tt7370 | Address by Dr. George Hakim of the Lebanon- Delegation | United Nations Conference on Trade & Employment, November 28, 1947 | Department of Public Information Havana, Cuba and United Nations Conference on Trade & Employment | 28/11/1947 | press releases | Press Release ITO/67 and ITO/48-73 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/xs846tt7370 | xs846tt7370_90200357.xml | GATT_149 | 1,722 | 11,017 | UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE & EMPLOYMENT
Department of Pubic Information
Havana, Cuba.
ADVANCED TEXT Press Release ITO/67
CHECK AGAINST DELIVERY 28 November 1947
EXPECTED FRIDAY AFTERNOON
ADDRESS BY DR. GEORGE HAKIM OF THE LEBANON- DELEGATION
Mr. President,
We are gathered here in this beautiful and hospitable city of
Havana to undertake a great and historic task. Our purpose is to es-
tablish an organization, the function of which will be to regulate
economic relations between nations and to create a system of inter
national economic co-operation in which countries can participate
freely and equally to the common beneIfit of all.
In the nineteenth century international trade was governed by
natural economic laws which acted to produce automatic adjustments
between economic forces. These economic laws wore boneficial in their
effects and contributed to the expansion of production and trade. In
the twetieth contury the increasing complexity of the Dconomic
system led to government intervention in economic affairs. The growing
completitiveene ss of intrnational trade and th. devastating int density
of econonmic crises forced governments to adopt policies and weasures
in the interests of their own economies to the detriment of other
countries. The net result of the attempts of every government to
solve its own problems without regard to the problems of other govern-
ments was the deterioration of economic conditions in all countries
and the contraction of world trade and production. It bocame clear
that the only alternrativve to the continuance of the economic warfare
which was leeding the nations to economic ruin and ver, was a systtem
of economic co-operation the would insure the welfare of all, by the
expansion of production and trade in all countries.
(MORE) - 2 - Lebanon
ITO/67
The International Trade Organization represents an attempt at
the creation of such a system of international economic co-operation
by meeans of which economic relations between nations can be regu-
lated rationally and effectively. There is no certainty that this
man-made, consciously thought out regulation of trade will provo to
be superior to the automatic system governed by natural economic
laws, of the nineteenth century. But the days of free competition
and laisser-faire are gone. There is no alternative for us under
the present complex economic system but to regulate consciously
economic relations between nations. If every country follows its
own interest and acts to achieve it in its own way, without due re-
gard to the interest and policies of other countries there will nece-
ssarily result a conflict of interests that is detrimental t, all
countries. The welfare of the world demands that every government
co-ordinate its policies with those of other governments and folleow
rules and regualatiocns adopted by all gevernments in the common in-
terest. This necessarily means that every government should sacri-
fice part of its freedor of action in order to achieve the best re-
sults for the expension of trade and economicc activity.
The Draft Charter before us has been drawn up with the great-
cst care and patience by the Prepnratory Committee appointed by the
Economic and Social Council of the United Nations. No charter, not
even the of the United Nations, has required such time and effort.
for its preparation. The labours of the Preparatory Committee have
been most thorough and painstaking The results of those labours
embedied in the document laid before us are very impressive and de-
serve the greatest respect. Lebanon has had the honour to partici-
pate in this work of the Preparatory Committee and to contribute in a
modest way to the results achiceved. -3- ITO/67
Although the Draft Charter has been prepared with the
greatest care and thoroughness it cannot be said to give complete
satisfaction to all nations. It is idle to pretend that it pro-
viedes an instrument capable of achieving an effective solution of
the various economic problems which concern our various Delegations.
The fact that it is still subject to many reservations made by the
members of the Preparatory Committee is sufficient proof that it
does not afford full satisfaction to the countries, representing
various types of economy, which have participated in its prepara-
tion. Nevertheless, the Draft Charter has taken account of the im-
portant problems with which our various governments are faced and
has arrived at compromises which provide a basis for agreement by
all nations represented at this conference,
Lebanon has always beer trading country, interested in
the development of trade with other countries on a rational and
mutually beneficial basis. Trade relatively plays a very important
part in Lebanese economy. We do not forget however that trade
is based on production and that it cannot be developed without a
development of production, Our fundamental need, therefore, is for
economic development by which our economic resources can be most
effectively used, so as to provide a higher standard of living for
our people. The ultimate aim of the economic policy of all gov-
ernments must be the raising of the standard of living of their
people. Our age is the age of the common man. Every government
must take into, account the demend of the common for a cent
and satisfactory standard of life. To achieve this aim throughout
the world a groat expansion of production is necessary. This ex -
pansion is possible in view af the great progress of science and
technical knowledge. There is no reason why, if the progress of
science is effectively utilized, poverty should not disappear from
the face of the earth. In spite of the tremendous economic prog-
ress of the last hundred and fifty years, however, the majority of
(MORE) LEBANON -4- ITO/67
the people of the world .are still plagued with poverty, ignorance
and disease. But the poor masses in the under-developed countries
are waking up to their rights and demanding an end to their misery
and sufferinge. No government can afford to neglect their demand.
That is why, the greatest need of the world today is for a great
effort of economic development that will gradually raise the stand-
ard of living of the people and do away with poverty everywhere.
It is true that the reduction of trade barriers can contri-
bute to tha economic development of the under-developed countries.
But this result may not necessarily take place, for economic de-
velcpment requres positive and constructive action. The under-
developed countries, Lebanon among them, must make sure that this
positive and constructive action for development can be undertaken
under the terms of the Charter of International Trade Organization..
They must in the first place insure the existence of the conditions
of possibility of their economic development. They must also in-
sure that facilities and means for economic development are pro-
vided for them under the Charter, The under-developed countries
realize that their development is in the first place their own re-
spcnsibility, but they expect, not only that the advanced countries
do not impede their development in any away, but also that they pro-
vide positive assistance for such development,
In the present stage of the development of world economy,
the economic development of the under-developed countries provides
the greatest opportunities for the expansion of world production.
The development of production in backward regions is necessary for
the maintenance of a high level of economic activity in the advanced
countries. The expert of capital is a necessity of the first order
for the advanced industrialized countries.
(MORE) -5- Lobanon
ITO/67
Just as the accumulation of capital was the raison d' etre and the
greatest success of the free unplanned economic system of the Ninteen-
th Century, so will the vastly increased capital accumulation of the
Twentieth Century need an adequate outlet for its torrential flow,
if the system is not to break down, Such an outlet exists in the
under-developed countries of the world. For a long time to core the
high level of production in the advanced countries
can be maintained and considerably raised through the export of cap-
ital goods to the less developed countries. of the world. Without such
opportunities for the expansion of the production of capital goods
which is alse necessary for increased production of consumption goods
the industralized countires will find themselves faced with economic
crises of increasing imtemsity that are bound to disrupt word economy
as a whole.
But whether or not the industralized countries realize their
ultimate interest, the underdeveloped countries must primarily insure
their own interest, which consists in promoting their own economic
development to the fullest possible extent.
Lebbanon is a very small country and has limited resources for its
economic development. But it belongs to a region which is largely
undeveloped and which has great potentialities for economic develop-
ment, Lebanon' s own development largely depends on the develepoment
of the countries of the Near and Middle East. We are, therefore,
fundamentally interested in the growth of production and the rise of
th:e standards of living of the countries around us, As a Member of
the Arab League, Lebanon is already bound to follow a policy of econo-
mic cooperation with its sister Arab countries, The Lebpnese Govern-
ment must respect the Charter of the Arab League and enforce the
decisions of the League on all matters of vital interest to the Arab
countries, We must consider in the first place the common interest
(MORE ) -8- Leosnon ITO/67
of the counter s wit'h whom we are by the most intiate, cultured:
political and economic ties, This interest does, not conflict in
the least with the interests of the trading countries of the world,
but wherever there is any possibility of conflict in economic
policies, we must make sure that the interest of the region
to which we belong is preserved. We do this in the firm belief that
regional economic cooperation especiaIy among small nations is the
proper besis for world-wide economic cooperation.
The Lebanese Delegation comes to this conference firmly convinced
of the necessity for its success. We come here with the sincere hope
that agreerment will be reached on a Charter that will insure the com-
mon interest of all countries, With the proper spirit of understanding
of one another's problems there is every reason to hope that this con-
ference will be successful in accomplishing the great task with which
it is entrusted
* ) * )*) * ) * |
GATT Library | gc817xw6892 | Address by Dr.Aly Bahot of the Egyptian Delegation to United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | United Nations Conference on Trade & Employment, November 28, 1947 | Department of Public Information Havana, Cuba and United Nations Conference on Trade & Employment | 28/11/1947 | press releases | Press Release ITO/61 and ITO/48-73 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/gc817xw6892 | gc817xw6892_90200355.xml | GATT_149 | 1,570 | 9,595 | UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE & EMPLOYMENT
Department of Public Information
Havana, Cuba.
HOLD FOR DELIVERY Press Release IT6/61 28 November 1947
ADDRESS BY MR. ???????????? OF THE
EGYPTIAN DELEGATION TO UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND
EMPLOYMENT
Mr. Chairman and Fellow Delegates:
On behalf of the Egyptian Delegation attending for the first
time meetings of this international Conference, I wish to express
our deep appreciation for the hospitality and cordiality extended
to us since our arrival here in this fair capital of Cuba. We
shall take with us the pleasant memories of days spent in Havana, ii
a setting unique for its beauty and color.
Mr.Chairman, the eyes of the entire world are focused on
this c conference, ferrvently hoping that this organization whose
Charter we are draftings, shall become the pivot and pillar of an
everlasting, peace. They were focused before on another conference
hold in one of the fair cities of the United States which establish
the charter of the United Nations, under whose austices we are meet
in today. Though the peoples of the world have planned their hopes
and faith in that international institution, yet they have been
following with deep concern the trials through which the United
Nations has been passing since its initiation in San Francisco.
The question before us all new is whether nations will struggle
against each other for wealth and power, or work together for se-
curity and mutual advantage. Most countries represented here gave
their reply by endorsing the charter both in the letter and in
the spirit. So let us bear in mind theose trials and shortcomings.
Let us alleviate the fears of the peoples of the earth by working
as a united family of nations. Let the bitter lessons of the past
be our guiding star in our present deliberations, and let us have as
our foremost goal the interests of the whole rather than to further
(MORE) Egypt
- 2 - ITO/61
the interests of the individual. Mr. Chairman, it is my intention
here to strike a general note with a passing reference to the
economy peculiar to my own country. The enlightened and admirable
speeches of the honorable delegataes before me have all contributed
to paint for us a picture of a harassed world trying to rise from
the aftermath of a war which left nothing behind but ruins, economic
chacs, and last but not least, a suffering humanity. The outcome
of our present deliberations shall have an enormous bearing on
future international trade and world economy. To return to free
international trade is not yet within sight. If this is the case,
should not we then do our utmost to conciliate the various interest:
and to try to understand the problems of each country, be it big or
small, in a spirit of co-operation. This spirit can best be shown
now while we are facing the difficulties of this period of economic
transition.
Mr. Chairman Egypt, as any other country , ahs an economy
charactristically all its own, It asoires to the political de-
velopment of the country as well as to raise in its national
economy. Egypr from tiem immemorial has been solely an agricultu-
ral country. The ccacnxial sun, the great River Mile our highly
developed system of irrigation, and a fertile spill have all con-
tributed to make her produce long stable cotten, renewned all ever
the world. It has depended mainly, therefore, for its neconomy, on
the expert of this long staple cotton in order to pay for its im-
ports of varios commoditio and finished geeds of which its ever
increasing population stands in need. In this connection, it would
be pertinant to mention that Egypt's popu:lation has riser about
four millions during the last seven years, making its total popula-
tion number over nineteen millions. so we had to face a problem
pregnant with many serious developments. What are we to do with
this rising number of people? The lands under cultivation could
not absort the rising tide of humanity, So with the advent of the
abolition in 1930 of the special customs tariff accorded to certain
countries under an antiquated system of capitulations, there began
a movement towards the industrialization of the country. The
process of changing from a purely agricultural economy to a parti-
ally industrial one was slow, yet steady. Hence began the rise of
national industries producing goods solely for the consumption of
the masses. Yet when the clouds of World War II were gathering. Page 3. Egypt
ITO/61
28 November 1947.
fast, these industries at the outbreak of hostilities were able to
enlarge the already existing plants to supply not only the needs
of the population, but also the urgent and vital demands of the
Allied Armies stationed on its territory. Thus, when the war came
to a successful end, we found on our hands an important element new
to Egypt's economy, namely, the rise of a skilled labor class, most
of whose members were lured from the land to the industries of the
big cities seeking to improve their incomes and, in turn, their
standard of living - a goal envisaged by the United Nations charter
as well as by the present charter we are now drafting. So, if
Egypt, like any small nation, initiates a reasonable and not
prohibitive protective policy to safeguard its young and rising
industries, would this measure be denied her and be censored by the
charter?
It is elementary economics that if you raise the standard of
living of the working classes, you increase the purchasing power
of the people, they become potential consumers of more goods, and
consequently encourge the flow of commodities, both domestic and
foreign. Mr. Chairman, the mentioning as an instance the case of
the graduel industrialization of Egypt and the problems she will
have to deal with in the future as a natural consequence of this
movement, is with the sale purpose of stating that the Egyptian
Delgation corroborates to a large extent the exhaustive and ex-
cellent surveys delivered the other day by the honorable delegates
of Colombia and Mexico. The smaller nations have a duty, and an
urgent one at that, towards their peoples. They look to the other
nations who have been endowed with rich natural resources, a high
standard of living, and an advanced economy and technical knowledge
for an understanding of their difficulties, for an attitude of co-
operation and human solidarity. So, if these fortunate nations
realize that the prosperity of one nation is an essential condi-
tion for the prosperity of another, they will thus pay tribute to
stark reality rather than to cutdated theories.
(MORE). Egypt
ITO/61 - 4 -
Mr. Chairman , the proposed charter which has been
submitted to us is an aIaborate document worthy of the highest
praise. Yet in the opinion of the Egyption Delegation,
articles should be revised. We have no intention at this
juncture, however, to either seek clarification of these
articles or to elucidate reservations and amendments which we
propose to put before the various committees at the appropriate
time. Yet, there are two points which h we feel we should like
to bring out now. The first point is that the Arab States
members of the Arab League have prior to the initiation of the
present draft charter of the international trade organization,
unanimously passed certain resolutions in order to safeguard
their vital and common interests. And in conformity to the
covenant of the said League, these resolutions are binding on
all member states, which are determined to honor them in due
course. The second point is related to the question of
preferential treatment. If the preposed charter is to tolerate
such a praetice among certain countries, giving as their sole
excuse that these privileges are of long standing, then I can
only add that Egypt, together with the member states of the
Arab League, shall be free to enter into similar agreements of
a preferential nature.
We have witnessed in another chartor the damaging effects
created by according special privileges to certain nations.
I repeat, Mr. Chairman, dameging, not only to the smooth
functioning of the orfganization itself, but also to the national
interests of the other member states, let alone the hurt to
national pride and to human susceptibilities. Mr. Chairman and
Fellow Delegates, before concluding, a word should be mentioned
with regard to the unique position enjoyed by some of the big
(more) Egypt
ITO/ 6 - 5 -
powers. In fairness, we of the smaller nations realize that
these powers h ave to shoulder greater responsibilities. They
have also certain obligations to perform towards humanity.
But those responsibilities and obligations are a natural outcome
of a world becoming closer and closer in every sphere of action
through the evolution of modern Science and means of transport.
This is the more clear when we observe how the nations of this
universe have become more than ever economically interdependant.
So, if we aspire to a recovery and reconstruction of the post-
war world and to the future free interchange of commodities and
goods, we should join hands in a spirit of mutual understanding
and co-operation. Let us discard the old practice of the
survival of the fittest and lot us forge ahead in our present
task for the good of the peace-loving peoples of the earth in
the spirit of live and let live. |
GATT Library | kq575qd2953 | Address by G.C.S. Corea, Head of the Ceylon Delegation before Conference on Trade Employment | United Nations Conference on Trade & Employment, December 1, 1947 | Department of Public Information Havana, Cuba and United Nations Conference on Trade & Employment | 01/12/1947 | press releases | Press Release ITO/86 and ITO/73-194/CORR. 1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/kq575qd2953 | kq575qd2953_90200369.xml | GATT_149 | 1,571 | 9,572 | UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE & EMPLOYMENT
Department of Public Information
Havana, Cuba
ADVANCE TEXT Press Release ITO/86
HOLD FOR RELEASE 1 December 1947
CHECK AGAINST DELIVERY
ADDRESS BY G.C.S. COREA, HEAD OF THE CEYLON
DELEGATION BEFORE CONFERENCE ON TRADE &
EMPLOYMENT
Mr. President, Fellow Delegates:
The task that faces this Conference is one of vital signific-
ance for the future presperity of the world. It is also a task of
great complexity. We have to evolve a code of conduct to govern
the commercial relations of the nations of the world, --nations sub-
scribing to diverse political and ecnomic creeds, and enjoying
varying, standards of wealth and presprity. It must be our aim
to evolve a charter acceptable to all, which will help to free the
flow of international trade, and help to eliminate the disadvantages
and inequalties which divide our countries and our peoples. To
achieve this aim, we must approach our task with a mutual under-
standing of each other' s needs, and in a spirit of mutual tolerance
and good will.
It is in this spirit that the Ceylon delegatipn approaches
to help in the production cf a Charter which will be/
its task. We shall endeavour, in our own small way, just and
fair to all. We come from a small country, but one whose six and
a half million people boast a proud and ancient civilization,-
We have maintained a long and continuous historical tradition which
dates back to 600 B.C., and although in the last three hundred years
we have been overcome and subjugated by European powers, we have
always kept the flame of freedom burning brightly in our hearts,
and now, at long last, thanks to the enlightened policy followed by
the British Government, Ceylon has emerged again as a free and in-
dependent nation. This is the first occasion on which my newly
independent country has been represented at a major international
(MORE) -2- ITO/86
Conference. We have come here in the hope that wc may be able to
contribute our share in the achievement of the high ideals for which
this Conference has been convened.
On what these ideals are, we are all agreed. The purposes
and objectives of the Charter, as set out in Article 1, arc truly
noble. They are ideals for the rcealization of which we can f fight
and labor, and for which no sacrifice would be too great. My great
fear is that we may have a tendency to lose sight of these great
ideaIs to let them grow dim, and sometimes even to let then grew
dim, and sometimes even to let them flicker away, when we come face
to face with some of the grim and scrdid realities of international
commerce. It is of vital importance that we should not let this
happen. For it is better that there should be no Organization and
nc Charter, than that we should content ourselves with an Organiz-,
ation or a Charter which is net impregnated with the ideals and
thr objectives which we originally set out to achieve.
It is for this reason that I say that it is regrettable that
there are in the draft Charter, certain provisions which seem to
ignore the original ideals. We must study these provisions care-
fully, when we go into Committee, and endeavour to set them right.
The Ceylon delegation will do its best to help in this task, and
for this purpose, we hope to submit shortly the amendments we con-
sider desirable.
There is one very important factor which we must all bear
in mind in reviewing this Draft Charter. This is the grave in-
equalities in the standards of living, and the wide gaps in the
stages of development reached by the different countries which will
be expected to subscribe to this Charter. I do not think it would
be unfair to say that in the drafting of this Charter., undue im-
portance (MORE)
CEYLON - 3 - Ceylon
ITO/86
has been attached to, and undue emphasis laid, on the point of view
of the more highly devoloped countries and economically powerful
countrios. Most of the provisions of the Charter would be quite
satisfactory from the point of view of such countries. I doubt,
however, whether the same can be said of those countries which are
still in the incipient stages of economic development. For instance,
the stringent provisions of the Charter regarding the protection
of nascent industries can only have the effect of retarding the
ecnomic development of backward countries, and freczing their re-
lative economic status at its present unsatisfactorily low level.
We must not forget that one of the main purposes of this Charter is
to foster and assist industrial development, and that for the
achievement of this purpose, adequate provision for the protection
of nascont industries is of the most vital importance. I do not
wish to expand on this, at this stage, but merely to drew your
attention to the importance of this point. The special needs and
difficulties of small and backward countries should be recognized
and provided for. These smaller countries can and should make sacri-
fices for the attainment of the common goal, but these sacrifices
should not be carried to such an extent as to load to complete eco-
nomic strangulation and paralysis.
There is one other point in the draft Charter which is of
special importance to countries like mine, and to which I would like
to refer. This is the Chapter on "Inter-Governmental Commodity
Arrangements". The Draft Charter betrays a complete lack of realism
on this subject, and seems completely to ignore the special needs
and difficulties of primary producers. The Chapter will need
drastic revision, if its intention is to provide suitable machinery
to deal with the special difficulties that confront the production
of orimary commodities from time to time. If an equilibrium in the
trade in such commodities is to be maintained, provision must be
made in the Charter for speedy and simple action to be taken, as
(MORE) - 4 - Ceylon
ITO/86
soon as difficulties arise, or are apprehended. Thera is a tendancy
to forget the primary producer, It is sometimes forgotton that it
is he who keeps the wheels of trade moving in large areas of the
world, by providing the exchange required in these areas for the
purchase of manufactured goods. A very unhealthy situation arises
when the prices of manufactured goods are allowed to soar to un-
precedented heights, while two prices of primary products are kept
down to uneconomic levels. For the protection of the large body of
primary producers, commodity arrangements must be encouraged. These
arrangements should be confined to producers only, and should provide
for the setting up of study groups. These study groups should be
per manently estblished for each industry, and should, make recommenda-
tions to the Organization when special difficulties arise or are
apprehended. We could then cut cut the complicated procedure laid
down in the Draft Charter, and substitute a simpler procedure better
adapted to the purpose in view. Unless this is done, primary pre-
ducers will suffer greviously. Over-production and violent price
fluctuations will ruin these industries, causing widespread un-
employment, lowered standards of living and a reduction in the over-
all volume of international trade. It is tharefore necessary to pay
special attention to this chapter on commodity arraangements, and to
evolve a simpler and more efficient procedure to secure for primary
producers the safeguards which it is the intention of the I.T.O. to
provide.
There are several other provisions in the Draft Charter, which
are of special importance to my country, and to which I would like to
refer. I do not, however, propose to delay you by dealing with them
here, as thcy are of a.more detailed nature, and could more profit-
ably be dlealt with in Committee. I would like, however, to mention
in passing the special importance my country attaches to Article 4
of the Charter, which aims at the (MORE) -6-
ITO/86
Ceylon
setting up of fair labour standards in all countries, and
the elimination of sub-standard conditions of labour. I
hope it will prove possible to expand this Article, and to
lay down more specific obligations for the realization of
the excellent ideal which this Article sets before itself.
The International Trade Organization must make it one of
its primary aims to raise the miserably low labour standards
that prevail in most economically undeveloped countries.
I make bold to say that the labor conditions and the standards
of labor-legislation in Ceylon are among the highest of any
Eastern country. But we still have a long way to go before
we reach the labour standards we desire to achieve, and we
shall look to the International Trade Organization for help
and guidance in the attainment of our aim,
In conclusion, Mr. President, may I take this opportunity
of expressing, on behalf of the Ceylon Delegation, our great
satisfaction that this important international conference is
being held in this beautiful city of Havana--the proud capi-
tal of a country which has always been characterized by a
spirit of sturdy independence, and whose people are renowned
the world over for their generous hospitality. I wish to
convey through you, to your Government and your people, our
grateful thanks for the kindness and hospitalIty we have
received on every side.
* ) * ) * ) * |
GATT Library | hz637jp4335 | Address by John A. Dunaway (Financial Adviser R. L) (Delegate for Liberia) | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, November 28, 1947 | Department of Public Information Press and Publications Bureau Havana Cuba and United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 28/11/1947 | press releases | Press Release ITO/65 and ITO/48-73 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/hz637jp4335 | hz637jp4335_90200356.xml | GATT_149 | 656 | 4,096 | UNITED NATIONS
Conference on Trade and Employment
Department of Public Information.
Press and Publications Bureau
Havana Cuba
Press Release ITO/65
28 November 1947
Advance text hold for release
Check against delivery,
expected satuarday.
ADDRESS BY JOHN A. DUNAWAY
(FINANCIAL ADVISER R. L)
(DELEGATE FOR LIBERIA)
Mr. President and Follow Delegates:
The Republic of Liberia, which I have the honor to repre-
sent gladly accepted the invitation to attend this conference,
not only because' she-believes in its high purposes and object-
ives, but, to a degree-equalled by few other countries,` she has
consistently followed them.
Liberia is a comparatively small countries undeveloped indus
tirally, with agriculture her main industry Measured statisti-
cally her foreign tràde may seem unimportant, especially when
compared with the world total. But statistics alone do-not tell
the whole story. We must consider, instead, what foreign trade
means to the people in terms of money income, in goods for con-
sumption and in the standard of living. Liberia exports in the
main raw agricultural products such as rubber, piassava fiber,
palm kernels, cocoa and coffee, as well as raw gold. Production
for export furnishes the reater part of primary 'money income
with which to finance the long list of goods and services which
she can. provide in no other way. A stoppage in tradè, which in
a larger and more diversified industrial nation would cause only
slight distress, would in Liberia be catastrophic. With'these
facts in mind it ia easy to see why Liberia is willing to co-
(MORE) -2 - ITO/65
operate in any movement whose purpose it is to secure the freest
possible flow of trade without preferences or other discrimina-
tions. Liberia asks for no special priviledges-but only for a
fair field and no favar.
Any small country so situated is vitally iterested in
stabilization of the world's markets in which she must buy and
sell, but acting alone she can do little or nothing toward secur
ing fair prices and conditions. Her products, forming such a
small portion of the world total, would cause no appreciable ef-
fect on world prices even if entirely with-held from the market,
and the same is true of her imports. Such a country acting
alope is the "shorn lamb" with nothing to temper the economic
wind, but acting in concert with this goodly company, all may
weather the storms of depressiors, inflations arnd unstabilized
markets. As one of the countries with comparatively little in-
dustrial development, Liberia is interested in economic develop-
ment through foreign capital investment on fair and equitable
termes. As for the elimination of restrictions of various `kinds-
quotas, preferences, monopolies, exchange controls, subsidies an
so an, Liberia suffered from them but never indulged in ary of
them, not even during the frenzied 1930's when it seemed the
whole world had set out to commit economic suicide through des-
truetion of foreign trade.
Liberia had go part in drafting this charter but recigrizes
it as a sane, sensible and equitable approach to this most impor
tant world problem. However, there are some doubts and misgïv-
ings aver the many exceptions and escape clauses. Do these mean
that the high objectives of the charter are mere pious expres-
sions of hope, or do the mary nations here really intend to carr
them out to the best of their several abilities? We shall wait
and see. Is there not a danger that. the exception may become the
universal rule and thus be so thoroughly embedded in the various
(MORE) - 3 - ITO/65
economic fabrics it will never be given up?
I am still further disturbed over expressions of a philo-
sophy of foreign trade by some delegates which is strangely re-
miniscet of that rampant economic nationalism which motivated
the restrictive measures of the nineteen thirties. I hope my
doubts are groundless, but to the extent this charter is based
on economic nationalism it will surely fail.
# # # # # |
GATT Library | sz047mg6004 | Address by Lic. Ramón Beteta, President' the Mexican Delegation United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment Havana | United Nations International Trade Conference, November 26, 1947 | Department of Public Information Havana, Cuba and United Nations International Trade Conference | 26/11/1947 | press releases | Press Release ITO/32 and ITO/1-48 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/sz047mg6004 | sz047mg6004_90200325.xml | GATT_149 | 2,477 | 15,682 | UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL TRADE CONFERENCE
Department of Public Information
Havana, Cuba
Press Release ITO/32
26 November 1947
ADDRESS BY LIC. RAMÓN BETETA, PRESIDENT' THE MEXICAN DELEGATION
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
HAVANA
Mr. President and Delegates:
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Employnent meets at
a time when -- and this must be recognized with courage and frank-
ness -- the world tends to divide itself into two large groups with
diverse ideologies seeking different ways of life, inspired in
antagonistic philosophies.
I consider that one of the obvious purposes of this Conference
is to find the cause of the malaise, the fear and the disorganiza-
tion which afflict this divided world so as to procure that the
regime we now have and in which we want to continue living -- the
democratic régime which permits and encourages private initiative --
can not only endure but be improved and give the great working
majorities of each one of our countries a higher standard of living,
greater economic and social security and sufficient stimulus to
enlarge the production of goods and services which increasingly
would enrich the existence of all of us.
if our regime achieves this objective, it has -- I believe
this sincerely -- no reason to fear the attacks of other régimes;
but if, on the contrary, our countries should suffer a now and
even more severe economic depression; if the alarming dislocation
of international trade should become increasingly intensified to
the point of the paralization of commerce; if, desperate, govern-
ments continue each in its own way to seek the solution of their
problems by restrictive methods daily more drastic, the world
crisis we feel, and which in some areas already shows characters
(MORE) - 2 - ITO/32
of alarming gravity, will become generalized and our peoples by
more or less violent means, will be obliged to seek other systems,
other horizons, other procedures capable of inspiring in them the
hope of a salvation which our regime could not or did not know how
to give them.
Hence the importance of this Conference cannot be exaggerated
in that it signifies an exceptional opportunity to examine the
problems of the world and to seek through international coopera-
tion the remedy for a situation every day more difficult.
The purposes which guide, as general principles, the draft
Charter were are to discuss in this Conference are, I am certain,
acceptable and accepted by all of us: higher standards of living,
full employment, economic growth of countries of incipient economy
and an active, ample, sound, growing international trade, But how
to harmonize these purposes and arrange them in their proper order,
give them their just hierarchization? For, if to achieve one of
them ,e make the others impossible, we shall have failed in all.
Thus, for example, if we seek the development of international
commerce by measures the immediate results of which may be to im-
pede economic development, reduce employment and lower the
standards of living in the less industrialized countries, far from
securing a sound and prosperous international commerce, we shall
have weakened it.
For the fact is that in order to decide upon the best political
economy tending to promote international trade, the proscription
of the existing barriers is not enough. It is, moreover, necessary
to study what the nature of these barriers is, and what were the
causes making their implantation necessary.
(MORE) - 3 - ITO/32
The obstacles to international commerce are of two classes:
The first were established as emergency measures in order to procure
all equilibrium in the balance of trade, the lack of which the
majority of countries are lamenting. These restrictions must have
a temporary character. The second, these deriving from the necessi-
ty of protecting the agriculture or the industry of some countries
confronted with those of others, have, for a long time, been forms
of balancing diverse economic conditions. To maintain that they
should be reduced substantially and immediataly is to ignore the
differences of production conditions in the varicus countries. It
is, in consequence, treating unequals with equality, an injustice
comparable to according different treatments to those who, as a
natter of fact, are really, comparable. Distinct wage levels,
diverse grade of technical advancement, different climatic con-
diticns, dissimilarity in the volume of production and in advance-
ment in industrial machinery are all factors which permit some
countries to produce under conditions superior to those cf others.
In this situation, customs barriers frequently are a response to
thc legitimate need of compensating such differences and aro, when
noz carried ta undue extremes, adequate measures for coordinating
economies and for comperlsating, in practice, real differences which
cannot be ignored by pretending that they do not exist.
With reference to th'e emergency restrictions, although all of
us should like to suppress them, we must recognize that their mere
disappearance would not remady the evils their implantation was
meant to alleviate. If any certain country sees that its importa-
tions are much hi-her than its exportations, that its balance of
payments is becoming more and more negative, that this ondangers
the stability of its currency and threatens its economy and, for
these reasons, the country is forced to establish trade restric-
tions in the form of prohibiting importations, of quotas, of in-
(MORE) - 4 - ITO/32
creased tariffs, of exchange controls, of depreciation of its
currency or any others, certainly the country is aware of the fact
that these measures do not constitute an ideal. The alternative
solution, however, is not to condemn such measures by international
resolutions, but to seek an efficacious way of making the restric-
tions unnecessary, namely, a remedy for the maladjustment from which
the country is suffering. And, in my opinion, there is but one
remedy; increasing the country s production. Through increased
production, the country in question can meet its needs without ex-
cessive importations, have exportable surpluses with which to pay
for the imports it continues making and thus balance its foreign
trade.
To obtain this increase requires internal measures in each
country, but it also requires international economic cooperation to
assure that the exportations will find a sure market and a just
price -- for otherwise, the efforts to increase the production of
exportable -oods would prove useless, -- and besides this, help
with equipment and machinery, -- that is, productive capital, --
so that the country cen grow in healthy, normal fashion and, in
this way, constitute a factor of balance instead of one of dis-
turbance in foreign commerce.
.or these reasons, none of the objectives sought by this
Assembly is more important than that which seeks the economic de-
velopment of all nations, reat or small, industrialized or not,
for growth is the unavoidable law of life and any measure which
aries to oppose it is predestined to failure and to unanimous re-
pulsion.
It might be argued that the industrial growth of all countries
would counteract the development of international commerce, since,
to all a appearances, if aIl nations try to produce analogous goods,
they will core to a point of competition which would undermine the
(MORE) - 5 - ITO/32
possibilities of commercial intercourse. Experience, however,
proves the contrary. The industrialization of a country, by raising
the standard of living of its people and widening the possibilities
for employment, creates a new acquisitive power, since it converts
the workers into consumers not only of the products they themselves
manufacture, but also of those produced in other countries.
To show the truth of this statement, it is sufficient to ob-
serve that the commerce between two industrialized nations is always
more diversified, richer, and of greater volume than that carried
on between an industrialized country, on the one hand, and one that
is not, and much more than the trade between two non-industrialized
countries where trade is practically non-existent, It cari thus bc
said that the vehement desire for industrialization is compatible
and coadjutant to an ever increasing international trade.
In the light of these observations, the project Charter which
has been submitted to this Assembly sins through its negative
character, for it devotes the greater part of its attention to
socking put rules and methods of abolishing trace restrictions in-
stead of accentuating the positive solutions to the problem, namely:
the economic development of all nations and the international co-
operation required to expedite it.
The insistence upon these negative aspects has aroused mis-
givings among the working classes and also among the industrialists
of the less developed countries, for it has made them fear that the
fundamental Durpose of the Charter is to wipe out trade barriers --
even in so doing it provokes the ruin of existing industries --
instead of being that of promoting international commerce through
the harmonious growth of the economies of all nations.
To be able to suggest measures which will be effective in
practice in returning the world to normal trade, it is indispensable
to realize the differences which in fact exist in the economies of
some countries with respect to those of others, among these, those
that distinguish the debtor from the creditor countries.
(MORE) Mexico
ITO/32
The situation of a country which implants restrictions
on its foreign commerce in defense of its currency and its
equilibrium in an effort to continue complying with its
obligations as debtor country is, as a matter of fact, uite
different from that of a creditor country which keeps its
tariffs high and multiplies its restrictions in order to
continue protecting an already powerful industry and an
agriculture of great volume and, in this way makes it more
difficult each time for a creditor country to pay. The desire
of creditor countries to maintain themselves licuid in times
of deflation and to dem nd, on the one hand, payment from the
debtor countries while on the other hand they obstruct it, is
one of the fundamental causes of the world disturbances we are
observin.
When negotiations for the lowering of tariffs are diss-
cussed, the application of general principles can become very
unjust if the discrepancy existing in the economic conditions
of countries are not taken into consideration, since otherwise,
their effect on the economy of each country would vary with the
level of the country's economic advancement and with its need
to make foreign payment, or, on the contrary, to make outside
investments.
So no country is more obli ed, in its own interest, to
reduce customs tariffs, quotas and any other restrictions on
commerce than the creditor countries which should return to the
world the acquisitive power it has lost and without which
international trade will be paralyzed. This redistribution of
rc uisitive power should be made by giving debtor countries
facilities for their exports and, in addition, by meens of
credits, new investments and re-investments. Mexico
ITO/32
-7-
It is well to note in this respect that the reduction
of tariffs which the project Charter proposes discourses
foreign investment in countries which are in a state of
incipient development and makes difficult the payment of
investments already made. Thus, an antagonism exists between
two of the purposes of the Charter : that of facilitating
foreign investments and that of reducing customs tariffs.
In other words, the problem must not be focused solely
from the point of view of importations and exportations, but
from a wider and more elevated one : that of international
economic cooperation,
Moreover, there are fully developed nations which
maintain very high tariffs, while others, still in the early
stages of industrial development, have much lower ones. To
propose a proportional reduction in such cases which would
keep intact the existing inequally would not be equitable.
In order to make a universal reduction of tariffs equitable,
we would have to seek previously a real equilibrium of the
tariffs in such a way that all reductions would start from a
comparable base.
it is necessary to bear in mind, in addition that all
peoples long for industrialization because this is the road
that leads towards higher standards of living. As long as we
have not reached the stage where a man-hour is paid the same
when applied to agriculture or mining as when appliesd to
industry, all countries will continue striving to be
manufacturers and not extractors of raw materials. For this
reason, the present Conference should make every effort to
find the practical means of arriving at this leveling. Mexico
ITO/32
To this end it is not sufficient to speak, as is done
in the Charter, of an equality of access to markets and of
the need to arrive at understandings on primary commodities.
It is equally indispensable that thought be given to similar
agreements with respect to the manufactured goods which have
to be acquired by the producers of raw materials. If there
is no control whatsoever -- and none exists -- in the field
of manufactured articles, an unjust situation will be
perpetuated within which a country producer of raw materials
will find its production watched .er, reulated and even
controlled by international organizations, while there will
exist absolute freedom of prices and conditions in the trade
of manufactured articles -- equipment, machinery, or consumers'
goods -- which must be obtained in an open market in which no
attempt whatever has been made to keep prices and conditions
from fluctuating.
Countries with an incinient industrialization and which,
nonetheless, believe they possess the necessary conditions for
completing it, -- such as the raw materials sufficient
domestic market, innate ability in their workers, capacity to
absorb modern techniques and the all-powerfull desire for a
higher standard of living are not likely to be content with a
kind of freezing of the economy of the world which makes sure
that each one remains in the state of development it has been
able to attain and cannot aspire to higher levels. Neither
will they willingly accept that measures which were useful
and effective in the industrialization of other countries be
considered inadmissible for purposes of their own
in dustrialization. ITO/32
-9 -
Although it is quite true that the Charter contains
numerous escape clauses, no long-term plan of the economies
of the countries can be based on such expedients
Let the economies of the world be coordinated; let us
welcome every effort to suppress excessive restrictions the
emergency situation provoked. Let us seek together the return
to normalcy in international commerce -- which is not return
to absolute liberty, -- but let us not for-et that nothing of
this is possible without a sound oconomy in each one of our
countries, that is to say, an economy in vital process of
constant development. Nor is such an ideal attoinable without
the necessary international help which would auspiciate the
growth of every country and which would coordinate and harmonize
the just aims of all. |
GATT Library | xw485bp7665 | Address by Mr. Clair Wilcox, Vice-Chairman, Delegation of the United States of America, Plenary Session, United Nations Preparatory Committee for an International Conference on Trade and Employment : Geneva, Switzerland Saturday, August 23 1947 | August 23, 1947 | 23/08/1947 | press releases | PRESS RELEASE NO.36-354 and PRESS RELEASE NO.36-354 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/xw485bp7665 | xw485bp7665_90260235.xml | GATT_149 | 1,561 | 9,596 | Advance
For release on delivery
ADDRESS BY MR. CLAIR WILCOX, VICE-CHAIRMAN,
DELEGATION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
PLENARY SESSION, UNITED NATIONS
PREPARATORY COMMITTEE FOR AN
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON TRADE AND EMFLOYMENT
Geneva, Switzerland
Saturday, August 23, 1947
As this Committee comes to the end of its labors on a
world trade charter -- begun in London ten months ago, carried
forward in New York, and completed at Geneva -- it is well that
we should pause to consider, in its true perspective, the
document that we have now approved. For it is possible that we
may have lost sight, in these last crowded days, of the signifi-
cance of the work that we have done.
First of all, we have written the constitution of a new
international organization. But we have done much more than
that. We have given recognition, for the first time in an
international instrument, to the interdependence of national
programs for the stabilization of production and international
programs for the liberation of trade. We have placed in the
forefront of international thinking the need for developing
the resources of the less developed areas of the world. We have
proposed that all nations commit themselves, in a single docu-
ment, to extend to one another most-favored-nation treatment
with respect to customs charges and requirements and national
treatment with respect to internal taxation and regulation.
We have asked them to reduce tariffs and to do away with all
forms of discrimination. We have laid down a set of rules
under which import and export quotas -- the most serious of all
the forms of trade restriction -- can be disciplined and
brought under international control. We have worked out detailed
provisions to insure that the freedom that is gained by reducing
visible tariffs shall not be lost by the erection of invisible
tariffs. We have made the first attempt in history to apply
uniform principles of non-discrimination and fair dealing to the
trade of private enterprise and public enterprise. We have
made the first approach, through international action, to the
elimination of the abuses arising from the operations of inter-
national monopolies and cartels. We have enunciated, for the
first time, a code of principles to govern the formation and
the operation of intergovernmental commodity agreements.
As we compare the Geneva draft of the Charter with the
London and New York drafts, we must recognize that it is sub-
stantially improved. Its organization is more logical.
Inconsistencies have been removed. Obscure passages have been
clarified, Ambiguous passages have become precise. Certainly,
no one would contend that the Charter, as it stands today, is
perfect. Perfection, in instruments embodying agreements
achieved through compromise, is scarcely to be attained. But
the draft that we have completed at Geneva has been strengthened
in material respects. And its fundamental character and
balance have been retained. - 2 -
Two sweeping criticisms of the Charter have recently appeared
in print. According to the first, the Charter attempts to apply
the principles of impractical idealism to a world that is in-
tensely practical and all too real. According to the second,
the Charter has been so riddled with exceptions that its basic
principles have lost whatever meaning they may once have had.
Of course, those criticisms cannot both be true. If the Charter
were impractical and idealistic, it would give no room to the
exceptions that are required to meet the practical problem of
the real world. And if exceptions have boon made to moot these
problems, it can scarcely be said that the Charter remains an
expression of impractical idealism.
As a matter of fact, neither of those criticisms is true.
What we have done in this document should be clearly understood.
We have enunciated general principles upon which we propose that
nations should agree. We have made specific exceptions to these
principles whore they have been required by practical necessities.
Those exceptions are precisely defined. Many of them are
temporary. All of them are limited in application. And we have
proposed that resort to them should be subject to international
control. Between international anarchy in economic relations
and some such pattern of agreement as we have here laid down, the
world will have to take its choice. There is no other way.
On balance, in the opinion of my delegation, the Charter is
a document for which this Committee need offer no apologies,
and we take pleasure in joining the other members of the Committee
in commending it to the United Nations Conference on Trade and
Employment. At the beginning of this meeting, I told the Com-
mittee that my delegation, would have to introduce a number of
detailed amendments arising from criticisms of the earlier drafts
advanced by var ous groups in the United States. I am glad to
acknowledge that our satisfaction on these particular points is
virtually complete and I wish to thank the other delegations hero
for the sympathetic consideration that they have given to our
requests.
In the face of adversity and discouragement, this Committee
has brought to a successful conclusion this half of its assign-
ment. To the objective observer, the vitality of this project,
the momentum which it has attained, must be a source of growing
amazement. In the circumstances, the wonder must be, not that
we have not accomplished more, but that we have accomplished so
much.
If the task of this meeting were confined to the completion
of the draft Charter, we could not accept congratulations on a
job well done. But unfortunately for the personal comfort and
convenience of our delegations, though fortunately for the future
peace and prosperity of the world, the task assigned us was a
more ambitious one. This task included, in addition, an agree-
ment to carry forward, among ourselves, definitive negotiations
directed -- in the words that we have written into each succes-
sive version of the Charter -- toward the substantial reduction
of tariffs and other barriers to trade and the elimination of
preferences.
This undertaking was indeed ambitious. Negotiations on
tariffs, even when confined to a single pair of countries, are
difficult enough. But here in Geneva, together with the com-
pletion of the Charter, we have carried forward a hundred such
negotiations in the same place and at the same time. It appeared to many of us, before we began, that the more physical obstacles
to such an undertaking might be insuperable. But these
obstacles have been surmounted. The machinery of negotiation has
been constructed and oiled and set in motion. The wheels are
turning. Our disappointment is that they have not turned as
rapidly as we had hoped.
Even in this, however, there is no occasion for discourage-
ment. Each of the major trade agreements concluded by the
United States before the war took from ten to eleven months to
complete. This Committee has concluded a score or more of such
negotiations in the past four months. On three score more, the
Work is well advanced. With real determination, we should com-
plete our task in the next month or six weeks. If more time is
required, the United States, for one, is prepared to give it.
The members of this Committee will be judged, in the eyes of
the world, not only by the words that we have written on paper
and sent forward to the World Conference, but also by the action
that we shall take, hero and now, to give meaning to those words.
Our proposal, in the Charter, to negotiate for the substantial
reduction of tariffs and the elimination of preferences will be
laid down, side by side, with the provisions of our General
Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Our promise, in the one, will
be measured by our performance in the other. If the General
Agreement is a weak agreement, we shall be accusedby the forty
nations that will join us at Havana, of giving lip service to
the principles that we profess and the World Conference will
convene in an atmosphere of cynicism and disillusionment. If
the General Agreement is a strong agreement, success at Havana
will be virtually assured, and the world will be able to face
the future with now hope.
This is the time for decision. If nations do not act now,
with courage and determination, they will find themselves con-
demned to a persisting pattern of restrictionism and discrimina-
tion that will spell antagonism abroad and misery at home. This
must not happen. It need not happen. Our Committee still
holds within its hands the opportunity to contribute substantially
to the making of a better world. It is an opportunity that we
dare not and can not permit to slip away.
Admittedly, these are difficult times. And difficult times
require a temporary accommodation of fundamental policies. The
United States has consistently sought to do everything within
its power to case the transition from an economy at war to an
economy at peace. It will continue to do so. But it cannot
believe that we should permit the difficulties of the present to
obscure the urgent need for agreement, now, upon the policies
that are to govern the trade of the world in a better future.
It holds that each nation must make its appropriate contribution
if such agreement is to be attained. And, equally with others,
it is prepared to do its part. |
|
GATT Library | sp932dq4071 | Address by Mr. Stig Sahlin, Head of the Delegation of Sweden for delivery before Plenary Meeting of UN Conference on Trade and Employment | United Nations Conference on Trade & Employment, November 26, 1947 | Department of Public Information Havana, Cuba and United Nations Conference on Trade & Employment | 26/11/1947 | press releases | Press Release ITO/35 and ITO/1-48 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/sp932dq4071 | sp932dq4071_90200326.xml | GATT_149 | 1,444 | 9,242 | UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE & EMPLOYMENT
Department of Public Information
Havana, Cuba
PLEASE HOLD FOR RELEASE Press Release ITO/35
EXPECTED SOME TIME THURSDAY 26 November 1947
27 NOVEMBER.
ADDRESS BY MR. STIG SAHLIN, HEAD OF THE DELEGATION OF SWEDEN
FOR DELIVERY BEFORE PLENARY MEETING OF UN CONFERENCE ON TRADE
AND EMPLOYMENT
Sweden did not participate in the preparatory work for the
drafting of the Charter now before us but has followed this work
with intense interest. The Charter, as it now stands, is indeed
an impressive document testîfying to the skill and knowledge of those
who were responsible for its preparation.
The aims set for our work are, as we all know, to achieve
full and effective employment and higher standards of living for all
peoples of the world, to develop the economic resources of each
country and of the world in general pnd to take positive steps to
create conditions allowing a world trade freer from restrictions and
safeguarding it against heavy fluctuations. These objectives are in
good harmony with the general lines of economic policy which Sweden
has tried to follow under varying conditions. Sweden is perhaps in
a higher degree than many other countries dependent upon her foreign,
trade. Normally -- that is to say when purely commercial consider-.
ations prevail -- our foreign trade is clearly m ultilateral in its
nature showing considerable surplus of exports to certain countries,
while import surpluses prevail from other countries. It is definitely
in our interest that such conditions should prevail for world trade
as to give full play for multilateralism,
Organizing channels for wolrd trade is, however, not enough,
Any such organization scheme would fall entirely short of the above-
mentioned objectives and would not give adquate results if the part-
icipating countries do not put their home economies on a sound and
(MORE) Sweden -2- ITO/35
stable basis thus contributing to a healthy balance in general trade
conditions. In drafting the Charter attention was drawm to the risk
that countries being subject to deflationary dendencies might re-
striat their imports and thus provoke a shrinking of world trade.
Late developments have proved the existence of an opposite risk,
namely of inflationary tendencies upsetting balances of payments
and leading to import restrictions.
In order to make it possible for individual countries to
balance their economies, steps .must be taken to reduce the acute
tensions prevailing between different markets. In our own case
the case of Sweden - events have shown the difficulties arising
out of the post-war state of affairs and the existing economic -
political conditions. Before the war Swedish foreign trade and shipp-
main
in had their/ source of income in Europe and the wider sterling area.
These conditions have changed in two respects, both of which have a
decisive bearing on Sweden's international financial and monetary
position, On one hand, Europe and the sterling area have for the
time being declined considerably in importance as sources of supply;
it can be recalled, for instance, that Europe, which used to be self--
sufficient with regard to the supply of coal, is now compelled to
import considerable quantities of coal from the United States. On
the other hand, it is no longer possible to use the proceeds from
exports and shipping derived from Sweden's traditional markets in
Europe and .d c;pr- to pay for an import surplus from hard currency
countries. Sweden has for that reason found it necessary to import
goods from the hard currency area to a much larger extent than be-
fore; appropz..tsL o* v"CI f C n -j1:: imports are at present received
from that area against about 25% before the war. This has compelled
as to base our commercial and economic policies for the present on
the assumption that Sweden must balance her payments with hard
countries, (MORE) Sweden - 3 - ITO/35
During the work now ahead of us we should never lose sight
of the supreme objective of the Charter -- freeing the flow of
multilateral trade. But it must be admitted that for a transition-
ai period bilateral arrangements on quotas etc. may have valuable
functions to fulfil. During the last years they have no doubt con-
tributed to revive international trade or a larger scale then
present conditions would otherwise have allowed. In certain cases
expansion of the total volume of exports and imports between two
countries has only been made possible after detailed investigations
of respective needs and potentialities carried out in common.
These bilateral agreements have created new possibilities of trade,
thus in reality furthering the general objectives of the Charter.
At the time when discussions about an international trade
organization were initiated it was generally hoped that the period
the
of reconstruction after/war would be comparatively short and that
it would soon be possible to revert to the relative freedom of
interchange prevailing in pre-war days. It has now become apparent
however, that the reconstruction period will be of much longer
duration than was expected at the time. Moreover, additional compl
c-tions have arisen, such as the accelerated impoverishment of
Europe, unfavourable weather conditions, damaged crops, etc. In
short, we are now facing a situation very different from that which
existed when the plans for a world organization were launched. It
is, therefore, pertinent to ask whether the present time is really
suited for precipitating a solution of this complex problem. In
answer let me point to what we all realize, the immense incom-
veniences which would arise if the problems were not tackled now.
Moreover, during the Iater stages of the preparatory work, special
attention was given to the conditions of the transitional period.
the inclusion of these transitional clauses may be said to impair
on the value of the Charter from a systematical point of view and
(MORE) Sweden
having,- regard to its ultimate objectives. But it has made possible
for us - without renouncing may long-term objectives - to pave
the way for practical solutions enabling us to cope with the prob-
lems of the present time. It is an encouraging fact that so many
countries, representing different hemispheres and different
economic systems, whose share of world trede is prodominant, have
been able to roach tentative agreement on the broad lines of a
consistent economic and commercial policy.
Certain clauses of the Charter provide exceptions for meeting
the special interests of certain groups of countries. These ex-
ceptions have been introduced in order to ensure the participation
of the largest possible number of countries, agricultural as well
as industrial, undeveloped as well as highly developed. In our
opinion, it is of great importance that the organization should be
commonly adhered to. The relations between member states and state
which might remain outside the organization are not defined in the
draft Charter and will be discussed at this conference, We find
it urgent that the Charter shall not contain provisions obligating
members to discriminate against such states and that each member
shall retain is liberty of action in this connection should the
organization not become universal.
Amongst special points which will be raised by our delegation
at the Conference, I will mention just one, which concerns our
agriculture. The Swedish government is pursuing a long-range
policy. with regard to agricultural production which aims at se-
ou> dng, through a process of rationalization, for the rural popu-
lation of the country the same social and economic standards as
other population grcups, thus improving the conditions of life for
the whole population. It seems to me that a policy of this
(MORE)
- 4 - ITO/35 Swedon
- 5 -
ITO/35
character is in perfect harmony with the general objectives of the
United Nations Charter. This agricultural policy is intended to
reduce the costs of farming in our country by mechanizing the
production, by amalgamating too small farms into effective. units
and so on. In order to make the realization of such a long-range
programme possible my government has adopted, as a complementary
measure, a system of price regulations for agricultural products.
It ought to be stressed, that our agricultural aid system as a
rule applied only as long as production falls short of the domestic
demand, thus always leaving a margin for imports. These matters
will be acre fully explained in Committee.
Smming up my brief remarks, I should like to emphasize that
Sweden heartily welcomes the initiative which has led to this
Conference and that our delegation will be happy - subject to ob-
servations on particular points - to lend its support to this
great attempt to establish more favourable conditions for world
trade and humanity at large.
# # # # # # # # |
GATT Library | tq892vg6379 | Address by Mr. Thorsten Odhe, Permanent Representative of the International Cooperative Alliance to the United Nations | United Nations Conference on Trade & Employment, November 28, 1947 | Department of Public Information Havana Cuba and United Nations Conference on Trade & Employment | 28/11/1947 | press releases | Press Release ITO/72 and ITO/48-73 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/tq892vg6379 | tq892vg6379_90200366.xml | GATT_149 | 1,498 | 9,546 | UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE & EMPLOYMENT
Department of Public Information
Havana Cuba
Press Release ITO/72
28 November 1947.
ADDRESS BY MR. THORSTEN ODHE, PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE
OF THE INTERNATIONAL COOPERATIVE ALLIANCE TO THE
UNITED NATIONS
Nr. President, delegates:
On behalf of the Internationl Co-operative lliance I am
extremely glad to have this opportunity to express the joy and
satisfaction of the world-embracin Co-operative Movement that the-
preparations for the formation of an International Trade Organiza-
tion have come to an end and that the full Conference on Trade and
Employment has now been able to meet here in Havana.
The preparations have taken their tiime. This was to be ex-
pected considering the vast task thePreparatory Committee had to
perform. This task was nothing less than to give to the wcrld an
Economic Charter to nail on the wall at the side of the political
Magnai Charta that was the outcome of the San Francisco Conference.
The task of the Preparatory Committee was not made easier
by the general trend of economic events in the world since the
first American proposals were submitted to the Governments of the
World in the fall of 1945. Balance of payment-difficulties and
currency deterioration have spread to ever larger parts of the
world Severe restrictions cf the share kind as during the War
Years have had to be reintroduced even by countries that were con-
sidered comparatively well off at the end of the war. The number
of islands of prosperity in the world has been constantly reduced.
Considering all this, there cannot be but one opinion of the work
done by the Preparatory Committee: that it has provided not only
excellent corner-stones to the buildings to be erected but also an
admirable blue-print of the edifice as a whole.
The Draft Charter to be considered here at the Havana
(MORE) Page 2. ITO/72
Conference affects all aspects of economic relationships between
Govarnrments. The basic idea is to establish a number of fair and
equitable norms and rules of conduct governing these relationships
so as to lay the foundatons of a sting pence. The struggle for
markets has in the past been one of the contributing clauses for
wars and conflicts between the nations. So has the struggle for
access to raw-materials, all of which are equally important to
economic life in peace and war in all countries but so very un-
equally distributed between them.
This state of things shall now be relieved by organized
economic collaboration between the nations of the world. Facil-
ities are to be created for all peoples to have free access to all
markets and natural resources of the world - to enable expanding
production, full employment and a rising standrad of living in all
ports of the world, This is, if all of us have read it correctly,
the purport of the Draft Charter before us.
The Intrnational Co-oporative Alliance - which units
nqtional federations of consumers and producers in more thin 30
countries with a membership of 94 million families representing
between 300 and 400 million of the population of the earth - has
always, since its establishment 50 years ago, nursed the convic-
tion that increasing production and improved satisfaction of human
needs can only be attained by aver-increasing freedom in interna-
tional trade relations and abolition of all artificial trade
barriers erected by short-sighted economic nationalism.
The first Congress of the International Comoperative Allian-
after the war that ws held at Zurich last year adopted without
opposition - Resolution expressing its wholehearted support of the
work then to be begun by the Preparatory Committee, The Alliance
has been represented as well at the London as at the Geneva
sessions of the Preparatory Committee. It thus had in opportunity
(MORE) Page 3. ITO/72.
to present to the Committee its comments to the Draft Charter and
to lay down specific suggestions. We are glad to say that we have
got the impression that in some important points they were
received favourably by the Committee.
In its capacity of a non-governmental organization, Category
A - specially invited to participate in the full conference - the
International Co-operative Alliance will avail itself of its
privilege to present some of its comments anew.
The Draft Charter does not only deal with the means to do
away with the restrictions imposed on international trade by
Governments but also with the barriers raised by private organiza-
tions, by cartels and combines.
It is - as was also pointed out earlier in the debate by
the head of the delegation of the United States, Mr Clayton -
the first time in modern history of commercial relations that
ciaberate proposals for an international control of monopolistic
comeinations have bean laid down to provide the basis for an inter-
national convention. The International Co-operitive Alliance
greats this event with great satisfaction. The Alliance is well
aware of the fact that the Draft Charter contains generally worded
provisions for the consultation of the I.C.A. as well as of other
non-governmental organization, to ensure the most effective imple-
mentation of the Charter. It is the well-reasoned conviction of
the Alliance that this could be done with regard to Chnpter V of
the Draft Charter by expressly assigning to the Alliance specific
tasks in carrying into execution the provisions of this Chapter.
The Cp-perative, Movement in many countries has dui g its
activities in nmerous cases encountered such manifestations of the
operations of monopolistic cartels and combines as have evidently
proved to be detrimental to the public interest as well as to the
general aims pursued by this Charter. The Alliance is fully
(MORE) Page 4. ITO/72
convinced that the provisions of Chapter Five could be much more
effectively carried out, if the co-operative organizations all
over the world might get an opportunity through the International
Co-operatve Alliance to place their experiences in this field at
the disposal of the I.T.O. to the largest possible extent - which
might be put into efect by providing for a more stable rind
permanent consultation of the Alliance in connection with as well
the general studies as the investigations of complaints, for which
the procedure' as been laid down in Chapter V.
With regard to the Intergovernmental Commodity Agreements
tha Alliance in its comments to the Preparatory Commmittee put great
stress on their stabilizing effects on World economy but at the
same time accentu-ted the importance of sufficient safeguards for
the consumer interest. Now, this point has cartainly not ben left
aside by the Preparatory Committee, Still the conviction of the
Alliance is that a more affective functioning of the Commodity
Agreements in as wall consumers' as producers' interests would be
attained, provided more regular and permanent facilities were given
to the, International Cooper-tive Alliance to ssist in a consult-
ative capacity at the peeliminary studios as well as at the
Commodity Conferences.
Also some other complementary provisions migt be helpful to
attain the aims pursued by Chapter VI without unintentionally en-
couraging mono-olistic price-fixing to the detriment of the consum-
er. The preliminary study of the market conditions might include
an investigation of cartels, combines and other private agreements
active in that particular market, in the first line of those with
an internationl scope of activities. May it, furthermore, not be
feasible to establish some rule securing the right of all
categories of buyers - Government organizations, private firms,
co-operative enterprises - to buy without discrimination in a
(MORE) Page 5 ITO/72
market iX I' ,O: lit Control c -. t i - iri operation
opovided the buyere are willind to a, the rice to fufill other repsortable commions of the seller? a:1.'i':, x - fs" S:1, -` F;tiOnlS :!;ii.c1 t.1'~ .1l i-:ce is goin to
subcit to the.;l- : 'c` in a more Cl)î`'! 2tX t 'furin the course
of the Conference. The Alliance is, however, ol _ror to offer its
full consult-tation not only for the completion of the Charter cut
also -.Qal;n it co as to impla entation of the vast tasks a:Lc ii in
it. The world-wide Co-operative None ant will assist in makin it
clar to the I-oQ7 0` ,2 of Une u20pl: n)' 'rjt-llv important the
aims are the Interentional 'l ?r<-, Organization will be pursuing -
important for the development of the co-operative activities them-
selves, for the creation of a healthy, stabilized and expanding
world economy and for the establishment of a lasting peace. The
International Co-operative Alliance will devote all its energies
to bringing it home to its national organizations all over the
world that they should do their utmost to promote the implementa-
tion of the Charter within their different countries in a spirit
of real international understanding and collaboration.
Mr. President; On behalf of the International Co-operative
Alliance which I have the honour of representing here I am glad to
convey to you the best wishes of this international organization
for a speedy and complete success of this extremely important
conference.
# # # # # |
GATT Library | br387xt4463 | Address of Dr. Saleh Haider, Head of Iraq Delegation, Before Plenary Meeting | United Nations Conference on Trade & Employment, November 28, 1947 | Department of Public Information Havana, Cuba and United Nations Conference on Trade & Employment | 28/11/1947 | press releases | Press Release ITO/52 Rev.1 and ITO/48-73 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/br387xt4463 | br387xt4463_90200346.xml | GATT_149 | 3,035 | 18,364 | UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE & EMPLOYMENT
Dopartment of Public Information
Havana, Cuba
Press Release ITO/52
Rev. 1
28 November 1947
ADDRESS OF DR. SALEH HAIDER, HEAD OF IRAQ DELEGATION,
BEFORE PLENARY MEETING
Mr. Chairman, Fellow Delegates:
On behalf of the Iraq Government and members of the Iraq Dele-
gaton, and also on behalf of the Governmenete of our sister Arab
country, the Kingdom of Transjaedania, whom we have the honour to
represent, I should like to extend my thanks to the Government of
Cuba for their hospitality in receiving us here in their fair city
of Havana.
It is appropriate that Havana, which was the gateway to the
American Continent and which opened up a world of prosperity for
so many millions of the people of the American Continents, should
also be the seat for the inauguration of an organization which, let
us hope, will be the gateway for prosperity for the which world.
Mr. Chairman, the Governments of Iraq and Transjordania did
not participate in the drafting of the document that is now before
us, but they find themselves in complete agrement with the purposes
of the Organization and with rnany of the general principles laid
down for the regulation of trade between nations .
As far as we urderstand it, the International Monctary Pund,
the International Eank, the International Food &Agricultural Organi-
zation, as well as this Organization which is to be set up, are in-
tended together to achiave the twin aims of stabilization and ex-
pansion throughout the world, and remeve the economic causes which
led to the painful experiences of the depression of the early 30's,
and the still more painful tragedies of the war of the early 40's
of this century, But we are living in a dynamic world which is
(MORE) -2 - Iraq
ITO/52/Rev. 1
divided into regions endowed with unequr resources, and areas which
had not had equal opportunities for development; we should there-
fore aim at the maximum degree of elasticity that is compatible
with orderly relations. .We should maka sure that stability does
not stultify expansion, and that expansion should be so balanced
that the fullest development is made possible in all regions of the
world. We are allowing in this draft Charter, as we had allowed
in the Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, for a transi-
tion period, in recognition of the fact that the economics of several
countries of the world have been so disrupted by the war that these
countries could not conceivably carry out the obligations stipulated
by the se international agreements unIess they were allowed a
brathing period to put their own local economy in order first.
But I submit that the ravages of the war, painful and cruel as they
have been, are not the only causes of world troubles today. Poverty
had existed before this wer and will remin scourging the conscience
of man unless take steps to remove its most flagrant manifesta-
tions throughout the world. Would it not be reasonable, therefore,
to say that undeveloped countries, where poverty abounds, should
be first allowed a transition period, during, which they should be
assist; to carry out their obligations to develop their resources
to a certain degree, and remove, to a reasonable extent, the causes
of poverty, until such time as they can assume the other obligations
under the Charter?
(MORE) IRAQ -3- ITO/52
There are euntries which have begun their independent political
life only a short time ago, and have not had enough time to put
their resources in employment , to make the best use of their man-
power, and to review their trade and tariff systems and mould them
se as to fit in with their economic developments. There are coun-
tries which for various reasons are just starting to explore their
resources and, study their possibilities. Is it not, therefore,
necessary that certain time should be given to those counntries to
try and mould their nascent economies to the best advantage for
themselves and for the whole world? There are countries who had
the double misfortune of war dovastation and under-developmant.
Should not the transition period for such countries necessarily be
longer in duration and wider in scope? There are groups of count-
ries which are bound by historical, cultural and economic tics,
Should they not be allewed and encouraged to strengthen these tics
and exploit their full possibilities as a means for their own dev-
elopment and for the benefit of the whele world? This Charter has
been called an unequal Charter. It has been stigmatized as tend-
ing to freeze conditions and restrict the opportunities of undev-
eloped countries to rise up to the level of their enterprise and
resources. But if we accept the principle that the transition
period should not, in practice be necessarily equal in respect of
all countries, and if we recognize the fact that undeveloped count-
ries have been, in fact, in a transition period, and will be for
a certain time to come, we should be able to arrive at a compro-
mise which would secure for all countries the opportunities they
require for realizing the aims intended in this Charter for them-
selves as well as for the whole world, Human ingenuity is not
lacking in this Confornce to find a formula wherewith to deter-
mine when a country' s economy has developed sufficiently to allow
it to assume its full obligation under this Charter.
(MORE) IRAQ ITO/52
Iraq, Mr. President, is a young and as yet not fully develepoed
country, but it has a great history and considerable potentialities
for development in the future. It is at once one of the oldest
and youngest countries of the world. In long periods of its his-
tory it was the granary of the world and the center of industry
and commerce. Long before Herodotus, during the Babylonian period,
and long after him during the Abbaside Caliphate of Baghdad, the
twin rivers of the Euphraes and Tigris were harnessed to the needs
of man, and out of the parched but fertile alluvium coil, varied
crops were produced in considerable quantities; and in the populous
towns along the two rivers industries developed the products of
which were carried by land to the innermost of China, and the heart
of Africa, and the shores of the Atlantic and North Sea, and were
shipped across the hazardous seas to the East Indies and the ports
of the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. By agriculture, industry
and trade the valley of the two rivers could thus support three to
four times as many as inhbit it today.
But by a series of historical events, beginning with the Mon-
golian Invasion and followed by floods, discase and famines under
spendthrift and foolish foreign despots, the irrigation system which
gave life to the arid soil was destreyed, and the towns that stud-
ded the banks of the two rivers and canals foll into ruin. To make
things still more difficult for the unforturiate survivors from these
tragedies, the International Trade Route which passed through Iraq
had changed its course and favoured the sea reute around Africa to
Asia, thus by-passing Iraq and rendering it a virtually neglected
inland region. So that with agriculture destroyed, industry rest-
ricted and trade lost, the greatest part of the country passed into
a desert inhabited by tribes whese struggle for survival added to
the turmoil in the land the devastation of tho country.
(MORE) IRAQ ITO/52
Then dawn came to dispel darkness over the Valley of Mesopo-
tamia, first with the opening of the Suez Canal and the use of the
steamship, then the liberation of the country and the discovery of
cil. A new period of reconstruction began, particularly during the
decade preceding the lst war, and the progress made was scarcely
equalled by any other country similarly hampered by lack of capital
and technical skill. The cultivated area was expanded six-fold by
the cpening of soveral perennial irrigation canals, as well as by
the installation of same 3000 high-power water pumps. The famous
Bagdad Railway line was completed. Roads and bridges, hospitals
and schools, municipal water and electricity supply schemes and sev-
eral industries were established. The number of population shas
doubled in twenty-five years. The principal experts of Iraq, namely
grain, dates and animal produce were more than doubled. Imports of
cupital goods expanded to the same extent. The standard of living
pf the people had apprercibly risen and imported consumers goods
had expanded by nearly 30%.
Nevertheless, the country was for from reaching the desired
level of development when the last war broke out. On the one hand,
the time was very short, the problems were very great and we had to
start almost from scratch. On the other hand, we were hampered by
lack of capital, experience and skill. Whatever we had received from
the cil royalties ,were put entirely on development, yet these sums
were very small in relation to the requiremennts for the various
schemes which we had in view in crder to cnable our fertile land to
produce its greatest and its best. So than, by 1939, nearly two-
thirds of the water resources of the two rivers still flcwed down
(MORE) IRAQ -6- ITO/52
wastefully to the sea leaving large expanses of fertile land needy
of the precious water. Only 20% of the main roads had been paved
and modern transport facilities were lacking in many parts of the
country. Scores of good-sized municipalities were still without
their water and electricity supply schemes. Housing and town plan-
ning had only just begun but the plans were destined to remain un-
exccuted for the duration of the war. Bagded and many other towns
in Iraq looked during the war very much like bombed-out citics, for
the demolitions which had taken place just before the war could not
be placed by new buildings and new streets for lack of supplie s.
Agricultural machinery, which the peasants were just learning to
appreciate and use, was suddenly cut off. Some industries which
under normal conditions would have had a good chance to flourish and
expand were hampered by lack of equipment and machines, while plans
for others had to be abandended or postponed. The general standard
of living of the people was still very low, and it could still be
said then, as well as at present, that Iraq was a rich land with a
poor people.
It was therefore especially hard for the people of Iraq to
bear the sacrifices they so willingly offered for the maintenance
of freedom and democracy. For we, toc, had given our fair share
in the war effort and receivd our full share of deprivation and
suffering. The war had halted our major irrigation schemes and other
construction projects for lack of supplies. We had declared war
against the enemies of democracy and we had put our transport sys-
tem at the disposal of cur allies and shared our resources and our
stocks of imported and local products with them. Owing to world
shortage (MORE) - 7- Iraq
of supplies and shipping, we had received during the war years only
50% in quantity of what we imported before the war of consumption
goods, and only 20% of capital goods. Hence, arrears of repairs and
replacements were accumulated and stocks were exhausted.
We found ourselves after the war confronted with many economic
problems. We had to re-stock in order to stabilize prices, we had
to make good the repairs and renewals that were neglected during
the war, we had to resume the construction and development and bring
out our blue-prints from the drawers for re-examination and fullfil-
ment. But we also had another problem. Before the war, on the
average, we had no deficit in our balance of payments. We could
pay as to half of our expanding importation from invisible earnings
accruing to us mainly from oil reyalties and from our substantial
transit trade. But invisible earnings have not gone up in proper-
tion to the rise of prices of our imports, and although we had ex-
ported in 1946 nearly as such in quantity as we had exported before
the war, and we had imorted much less, we found we had experienced
a considerable deficit in our balance of payments. Happily, how-
over, we had accumulated certain assets in the Unted Kingdom,
mainly as cover for our currency which had expanded during the
war, and we can draw a substantial part of these assets to meet
part of our import requirements. We hope that we shall, after a
short time, be able to use these sterling assets in all parts of
the world indiscriminately. Furthermore, new pipelines are being
constructed which would increase the production of oil, and we
shall be able then to offer considerably greater quantities of this
much needed commodity to the world. We shall also be able there by
to earn considerable imcome which we shall devete to meet a part of
the cost of our development schemes.
( MORE) - 8 - Iaaq
ITO/52/Rev.1
In the meantime, our immediaete economic problems forced upon
us a course, which we were reluctant to take, in order to resolve
the difficulties we faced with regard to the shortage of foreign ex-
change in general and to shertage of particular foreign currencies.
Wec hed to resert to certain restrictions whereby import licensing
and foreign exchange arrangements were put into force rcstricting
the importation of luxury and non-essential imports, and directing
purchases from abrond to the essential consumors goods and above all
to capital goods for reconstruction and development. In addition,
as we experienced a shortage of certain currencies, we had to re-
strict importation of goods from these hard currency areas. We hope,
howover, that conditions will soon improve so as to enable us to re-
move thes latter restrictions.
We are therefore, pleased to find that in the draft charter,
that is before us, the fostering of the general economic develop-
ment of countries still in the early stages of development is placed
as one of the principal purposes of the organization, and that in
several articles of the charter there are stipulations which aim
at implementing this principle. We hope, however, to offer our con-
tribution in this Conference to make these provisions more adequate
for the realization of this fundamental aim on the lines previously
presented. We alse note with satisfaction that those who took
part in the drafting of this charter had wisely recognized the
present practical difiiculties in which certain countries find them-
selves and had embodied in the charter certain safeguards to protect
the economy of the countries thus placed.
Mr. Chairman, you are no doubt aware of the facts and con-
siderations which underlie our political and economic policy. Facts
which were based on historical, cultural and economic grounds.
(MORE ) -9- Iraq
ITO/52/Rev. 1
On the one hand, Iraq, and also the Kingdom of Transjerdania, are
members of the Arab League, a regional organization recognized by
the United Nations. We are bound by the decisions of the Arab
League to further and strengthen the economic ties among the Arab
countries in all means that are practicable.
Sccondly, we were apart of the Ottoman Empirc before the
first great war, and a proferential treatment among countries which
were a part of that Empire were allowed to us by the Treaty of
Iusanne.
Thirdly, in all our commercial treatics we had always re-
served the right to give preference to those countries which were
a part of the Ottoman Empire and to make an exception in their
case from the most favored nation clause. We, therefore note that
preferential treatment has not entirely been barred in the charter
but we feel that the interests of our country, those of the Kingdom
Of Transjcrdania, those of various countries that form the Arab
League and part of the previous Ottoman Empire, and perhas also
the world at largo, would be better served if we were to reserve
the rihgt freely to practice proference whenever the case arises
in order to foster the development of that part of the world to
which we belong , and which as in fact one economic and political
unit in many periods of its history.
Mr. Chairman, may I indulge on your patience and the patience
of my fellow delegates to give consideration to yet another point
which we consider of vital importance. At no time in our history
had we been discriminating against a particular state or country
or people, and at no time until shortly had we refused to receive
goods an grounds of origin or prohibit the sale of goods on grounds
of destination, nor to prevent the passage of goods on either of
the two grounds I have mentioned. But a set of circumstances,
entirely not not of our making, have imposed on us a situation of
(MORE) -10- Iraq
ITO/52/Rev. 1
considerable gravity and forced us into the position of having to
abandon in one particular instance our traditinal policy in this
respect, in conformity with a decision taken by the Arab League
prior to the formulation of the proposals which finally led to the
present draft charter. This decision was not made for the purpose
of material gain, nor were we seeking a selfish advantage. But it
was takien as a moans to defend our vital interests and safoguard
our natural rights. I have no deubt that we shall be given full
opportunity to present this point which we consider of vital im-
portance before this Conforence, and I am confident that adequate
safeguards will finally be embodied in this Charter to protect our
vital and logitimate interests in this respect.
Mr. Chairman, before I conclude, I wish to thank you and all
these who have made it possible for us to meet hare to establish an
organization which I hepe will be successful in time to carry out
the noble purposes embedied in this Charter, and fulfill the hopes
of humanity to enjoy the fruits of its efforts in peace and security
and to be free ferever from the anxieties and sufferings of poverty
and want. |
GATT Library | jn786dn3468 | Address of Dr. Sali C. Malidi Haider. Head of Iraq Delegation. For delivery Before Plenary Meeting | United Nations Conference on Trade & Employment, November 28, 1947 | Department of Public Information Havana Cuba and United Nations Conference on Trade & Employment | 28/11/1947 | press releases | Press Release ITO/52 and ITO/48-73 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/jn786dn3468 | jn786dn3468_90200345.xml | GATT_149 | 2,939 | 17,807 | UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE & EMPLOYMENT
Department of Public Information
Havana Cuba.
ADVANCE TEXT
Press Release ITO/52
AGAINST DELIVERY EXPECTED FRIDAY MORNING 28 November 1947
ADDRESS OF DR. SALI C. MALIDI HAIDER. HEAD OF IRAQ DELEGATION.
FOR DELIVERY BEFORE PLENARY MEETING
Mr. President, Fellow Delegates:
On behalf of the Iraq Government and members of the Iraq
Delegation and also on behalf of the Government of our sister Arab
country, the Kingdom of Transjordania whom we have the honour to
represent, I should like to extend my thanks to the Governmet of
Cuba for their hospitality in receiving here in their fair city
of Havana.
It is appropriate that Havana, which was the gateway to the
American Continent and which opened up a world of prosperity for
so many millions of people. should also be the seat for the in-
auguration of an organization which, let us hope will be the gate-
way for prosperity for the whole world.
Mr. President, the Governments of Iraq and Transjordania did
not participate in the drafting of the document that is now before
us, but they find themselves in complete agreement with the purposes
of the Organization and with many of the general principles laid
down for the regulation of trade between nations.
the far as we understand it, the International Monetary Fund,
the International Bank, the International Food & Agricultural Organi-
zation, as well as this Organization which is to be set up, are
intended together to achieve the twin aims of stabilization and ex-
pansion throughout the world, and remove the economic causes which
led to the painful experiences of the depression of the early 30's,
and the still more painful tragedies of the war of the early 40's
of this century. But we are living in a dynamic world which is
(MORE) - 2 - Haider - Iraq
ITO/52
divided regions endowed with unequal resources, and areas which
had not had equal opportunities for development; we should there-
fore aim at the maximum degree of elastivity that is compatible
with orderly relations. We should make sure that stability does
not stultify expansion, and that expansion should be so balanced
that the fullest development is made possible in all regions of the
world. We are allowing in this draft Charter, as we had allowed
in the Agreement of the International Monetary Fund, for a transi-
tion period in recognition of the fact that the economies of several
countries of the world have been so disrupted by the war that those
countries could not conceivably carry out the obligations stipulated
by these international agreements unless they were allowed a
breathing period to put their own local economy in order first.
But I submit that the ravages of the war painful and cruel as they
have been, are not the only causes of world troubles today. Poverty
had existed before this war and will remain scourging the conscience
of man unless we take steps to remove its most flagrant manifesta-
tions throughout the world. Would it not be reasonable therefore
to say that undeveloped countries, where poverty abounds, should
be first allowed a transition period, during which they should be
assisted to carry, outtheir obligations to develop their resources
to a certain degree, and remove, to a reasonable extent, the causes
of poverty, until such time as they can assume the other obligations
under the Charter?
(MORE) - 3 - IRAQ
ITO/52
There are countries which have begun their independent poli-
tical life only a short time ago, and have not had enough time to
put their resources in employment, to make the best use of their
manpower, and to review their trade and tariff systems and mould
them so as to fit in with their economic developments. There are
countries who for various reasons are just starting to explore
their resources and study their possibilities. It is not, there-
form, neeessary that certain time should be given to those coun-
tries to try and mould their nascent economies to the best advan-
tage for themselves and for the whole world? There are countries
who had the double misfortune of war devastation and under deve-
lopment. Should not the transition period for such countries
necessarily be linger in duration and wider in scope? This Charte
has been called an unequal Charter. It has been stigmatized as
tending to freeze conditions and restrict the opportunities of
undeveloped countries to rise up to the level of their enterprise
and resources. But if we accept the principle that the transition
period should not in practice be necessarily equal in respect of
all countries, and if we recognize the fact that, undeveloped
countries have been in fact in a transition period, and will be
for a certain time to come, we should be able to arrive at a com-
promise which would secure for all countries the opportunities
they require for realizing the aims intended in this Charter for
themselves as well as for the whole world. Human ingenuity in not
lacking in this Conference to fïnd a formula wherewith to determir
when a country's economy has developed sufficiently to allow it
to assume its full obligation under this Charter.
Iraq, Mr. President, is a young and not yet fully developed
country, but it has a great history and considerable potentiali-
ties for development in the future. It is at once one of the
nlàdest and youngest countries of the world. In long periods of
its history it was the granary of the world and the center of
industry and commerce. Long before Herodotus, during the. Baby-
(MORE) - 4 - IRAQ
ITO/52
lonian period, and long after him during the Abbaside Caliphate
of Baghdad, the twin rivers of the Euphrates and Tigris were
narnessed to the needs of man, and out of the parched but fertile
alluvium soil varied crops were produced in considerablè quanti-
ties; and in the populous towns along the two rivers industries
developed, the products of which were carried by land to the innei
most of China, and the heart of Africa, and the shores of the
Atlantic and North Sea, and were shipped across the hazardous seas
to the East Indies and the ports of the Mediterranean and the
Atlantic. By agriculture, industry and trade the valley of the
two rivers could thus support three to four times as many as in-
habit it today.
But by a series of historian events, beginning with the Mon-
golian Invasion and followed by floods, disease and famines under
spendthrift and foolish foreign despots, the irrigation system
which gave life to the arid soil was destroyed, and the towns tha
studded the banks of the two rivers and canals felI into ruin. To
make things still more difficult for the unfortunate survivors
from these tragedies, the International Trade Route which passed
through Iraq had changed its course and favoured the sea route
around Africa to Asia, thus by-passing Iraq and rendering it a
virtually neglected inland region. So that with agriculture des-
troyed, industry restricted and trade Iost, the greatest part of
the country passed into a desert inhabited by tribes whose strug-
gle for survival added to the turmoil in the land and the devas-
tation of the country.
Then dawn came to dispel darkness over the Valley of Mesopo-
tamia&, first with the opening of the Suez Canal and the use of th
steamship, then the liberation of the country and the discovery of
oil. A new period of reconstruction began, particularly during
the decade preceding the last war, and the progress made was
scarpely equalled by any other country similarly hampered bo lack
(MORE) -4A- IRAQ
ITO/52
of capital and technical skill. The cultivated area was expanded
six-fold by the opening of several perennial irrigation canals,
as well as by the installation of some 3000 water pumps. The
famous Bagdad Railway line was completed. Roads and bridges, hos-
pitals and schools, municipal water and electricity supply schemes
and several industries were established. The number of population
was doubled in twenty-five years. The principal exports of Iraq,
namely grain, dates and animal produce were more than doubled.
Imports of capital goods expanded to the same extent. The stan-
dard of living of the people had appreciably risen and imported
consumers goods had expanded by nearly 30%.
(MORE) -5-
ITO/52
Govertheless, the country, was far from reaching the
desired level of development when the last war broke out. On
the one hand, the time was very short and the problems were very
great as we had to start almost from scratch: On the other, we
were hampered by lack of capital, experience and skill. Whatever
we had received from the oil royalties were put entirely on devel-
opment, yet these sums were very small in relation to the require-
ments for the various schemes which we had in view in order to en-
able our fertile land to produce its greatest and its best. So that,
by 1939, nearly two-thirds of the water resources of the two rivers
still flowed down wastefully to the sea leaving large expanses of
fertile lard needy of the precious water. Only 20% of the main
roads had been paved and modern transport facilicies were lacking
in many parts of the country. Secres of good-sized municipalities
were still without their water and electricity supply schemes. Hous-
ing and town planning had only just begun but the plans were destined
to remain unexecuted for the duration of the war. Agricultural
machinery, which the peasants were just learning to appreciate and
use, was suddenly cut off. Some industries which under normal con-
ditions would have had a good chance to flourish and expand were
hanpered by lack of equipment and machines, while plans for others
had to be abandened or postponed. The general standard of living
of the people was still very low, and it would still be said then,
as well as at present, that Iraq was a rich land with a poor people.
It was therefore specially hard for the people of Iraq
to bear the caccificos they so willingly offered for the maintenance
of freedom and democracy. For we too had given our fair share in the
war effort and received our fuIl share of deprivation and suffering.
The war had halted our major irrigation schemes and other construction
projects for lack of supplies. We had declared war against the
enemies of democracy and we had put our transport system at the dis-
posal of our allies and shared our resources and our stocks of im-
ported and local products with them. Owing to the world shortage
(more) -6- IRAQ
ITC/52
of supplies and shipping, we had received during the war years only
53% in quantity of what we imported before the war of consumption
goods, and only 20% of capital goods. Hence, arrears of repairs
and replacements were accumulated and stocks were exhausted. We
found ourselves after the war confrented with many economic prob-
-lems. We had to re-stock in order to stabilize prices, we had to
make good the repairs and renewals that were neglected during the
war; we had to resume the drawer for re-examination and fullfil-
ment. But we also had another problem. Before the war on the aver-
age we had no definit in our balance of payments. We could pay as to
half of our expanding importation from invisible earnings aceruing to
us mainly from oil royalties and from our substantial transit trade.
But invisible earnings have not gone up in proportion to the rise
of prices of our imports, and although we had exported in 1946 nearly
as much in quantity as we had exported before the war, and we had in-
ported much less, we found we had experienced a considerable deficit
in our balance of payments. Happily, however, we had accumulated cer-
tain assets in the United Kingdom, mainly as cover for our currency
which had expanded during the war, and we can draw a dubstantial part
of these assets to eCet part of our import requirements. He hope that
we shall, after a short time. be able to use these sterling assets in
all parts of the world indiscriminately. Furthermore, new pipelines
are being constructed which would increase the production of oil and
we shall be able then to offer considerably greater quantities of this
much needed commodity to the world. We shall also be able thereby to
earn considerable income which we shall devote to meet a part of the
cost of our development schemes.
xxx - 7 - IRAQ
ITO/52
In th meuntimo, our immediate economic problems forced upon
us a couse which we were reluctant to take in order to resolve tho
difficultios we faced with regard to particular foreign currencies.
We had to rossort to certain restrictions whereby import licensing
and foreign exchange arrangements were made restricting the impor-
tation of luxury and non-essential imports, and directing purchas-
g from abread to the essential consumers goods and above all to
capital goods for reconstruction and development. In addition, as
we experienced a shortage of certain currencies, we had to restrict
importation of gcods from these hard currency areas. We hope, how-
ever, that conditions will soon improve so as to enable us to re-
move some of these latter restrictions.
We are, therefore, gratifies to find that in the draft char-
ter that is before us the fostering of the general economic develop-
ment of countries still in the early stages of d velopment is placed
as one cf the principal purposes of the organization, and that in
several articles cf the charter there are stipulations which aim at
implementing this principle. We hope, however, to offer our contri-
bution in this Conference to make these provisions more adequate
for the realization of this fundamental aim on the lines previously
presented. We also rote with satisfaction that those who took part
in the drafting of this charter had wisely recognized the present
practical difficulties in which certain countries find themselves
and had embodied in the charter certain safeguards to protect the
economy of the countries thus placed.
Mr. President, you are no doubt aware of the facts and con-
siderations which underlie our political and economic policy. Facts
which were based on historical, cultural and economic grounds.
(MORE) Pace 8 ITO/ 5 2
IRAQ
On the one hand, Iraq, and also the Kingdom of Trunsjordania, are
member of the Arab League, a regional organization recognized
by the United nations. We are bound by the decisions of the Arab
League to further and strengthen the economic ties among the Arab
countries in all means that are practicable.
Secondly, we were a part of the Ottoman Empire before the
first great war, and a preferential treatment among countries
which were a part of that Empire were allowed to us by the Treaty
of Lausanne,
Thirdly, in all our commercial treaties we had always
raserved the right to to give preference to these countries which
were a part of the Ottoman Empire and to make an exception in their
case from the most favored nation clause. We therefore note that
preferential treatment has not ontirely been barred in the charter
but we feel that the interests of our country, those of the
Kingdom of Transjordania, those of vaiours countries that form the
Arab League and carts of the previous Ottoman Empire, and perhaps
also the world at large, would be better served if we were to
reserve the right frecly to practice preference wherenever the case
arises in order to foster the development of that part of the worl
to which we being, and which was in fact on economic and
politicals unit in many periods of its history.
Mr. President, may I indulge on your patience and the
patience of my fellow detegates to give consideration to yet
another point which we consider of vital importance At no time
in our history had we been discriminating against a particular
state or country or people, and at no time until shortly had we
refused to receive goods on grounds of origin or prohibit the sale
of goods on grounds of destination, nor to prevent the passage of
goods on either of the two grounds I have mentioned. But a set of
circumstances, entirely not of our making, have imposed on us
(MORE) Pace 9. ITO/52 IRAQ
a situation of considerable gravity and foreed us into the position
of having to abandon in one particular instanco our traditional
policy in this rcspect: in conformity with the decision taken by
the Arab League prior to the formulation of the proposals which
finally led to the present draft charter. This dacision was not
made for the purpose of material gain, nor were we seeking a
selfish advantage. But it was taken as a means to defend our vital
interests and safeguard our natural rights. I have no doubt that
we shall be given full opportunity to present this point which we
consider of vital importance before this Conference, and I am
confident that adequate safeguards will finally be embodied in this
Charter to protect our vital and legitimate interests in this
respect.
Mr. President, before I conclude, I wish to thank you and
all those who have made it possible for us to meet here to
establish an organization which I hope will be successful in time
to carry out the noble purposes embodied in this Charter, and
fulfill the hapes of humanity to enjoy the fruits of its efforts
in peace and security, and to be free forever from the anxictics
and sufferings of poverty and want. |
GATT Library | kh434xg1766 | Address of fncesco coppola D'anna of the Italian Delgation before Plenary Meeting of United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment (Time of delivery to be announced later.) | United Nations Conference on Trade & Employment, November 25, 1947 | Department of Public Information Havana, Cuba and United Nations Conference on Trade & Employment | 25/11/1947 | press releases | Press Release ITO/25 and ITO/1-48 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/kh434xg1766 | kh434xg1766_90200323.xml | GATT_149 | 1,113 | 6,857 | UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE & EMPLOYMENT
Department of Public Information
Havana, Cuba
HOLD FOR RELEASE UPON DELIVERY Press Release ITO/25
25 November 1947
ADDRESS OF F???NCESCO COPPOLA D'ANNA OF THE
ITALIAN DELGATION BEFORE PLENARY MEETING OF
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND
EMPLOYMENT (Time of Delivery to be announced later.)
Ladies and Gentlemen:
The Italian Government has gladly accepted the invitation re-
ceived from the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations
to taka part in this Conference, not only because it fully approves
the purposes pursued but aIso because no country has perhaps a great-
er interest than Italy in the recovery and development of internation-
al trade.
Imports and exports are undoubtedly of value to all countries
in so far as they contribute to secure the best and most economical
use of productive forces and consequently help to raise real income
and improve the standard of life of the peoples. But they represent
an absolute necessity for a country like Italy which because of her
dense population and the many difficulties she encounters in placing
her people abroad, cannot do without steady development of her in-
dustrial activities while at the same time she lacks the essential
raw materials and must therefore import them from abroad, along with
a certain quantity of the foodstuffs she needs, and in order to pay
for these imports she must be able to rely on an ample flow of exports.
The Italian Government has already given proof with its well
known initiatives. of its willingness to foster the development of
international trade and to establish more close relations among the
various countries.
It is just because she is so vitally interested in the attainment
of the aims this Conference has in view that Italy deeply regrets
that she has not been able to make her contribution to the drafting
of the Charter of Trade and Employment which the Conference is called
to examine and approve. ( MORE ) -2- ITO/25
D'Anna Italy
While tha aims set forth in this first article of the Charter
can be accepted without discussion, it would not seem impossible
that ways and means better suited for securing them might be suggest-
ed in the general interest.
The Italian Delegation therefore welcomes the opportunity for
submitting some suggestions in a spirit of constructive collabora-
tion feeling sure that these suggestions will be taken into consider-
aticn in drafting the final proposal for the Charter.
In the opinion of the Italian Delegation, the first task of
the Conference would be to establish and enforce some general prin-
ciple to be observed in the delicate and most important field of
commercial and economic relations between countries; the principle,
for instance, that no Government, in order to protect its own in-
trests, can inflict unfair injury on another. Actually the signif-
icance of this principle is very extensive, because we should con-
sider as an unfair injury to a country not only the harm caused to
it by such positive action as, for instance, limiting its opportun-
ities of access to one or other markets, but also the negative harm
cused it by the attitude of another Government which, without just
cause, should refuse to collaborate in promoting world production,
trade and consumption.
In the opinion of the Italian Delegation the attainment of
the aims set forth in Article 1 of the draft Charter of Trade and
Employment would be bes essured by drawing up a code of these prin-
ciples, and deferring to a qualified judicial organ all contro-
versies relating to their alleged violation.
It would be possible in so doing to avoid excessive inter-
ference in the practical line of conduet followed by the various
governments, to which should be left a large measure cf freedom in
selecting the best means for settling the problems they are constant-
ly called upon to face.
(MORE) -3- ITO/25
D'Anna Italy
The attention of the Italian Delegation has moreover been at-
tracted by certain problems of primary importance on which the Prep-
aratory Committee either did not succeed or did not see fit to take
up a firm stand, and therefore has merely proposed alternative solu-
tions. This is the case first of all of the question of fixing the
votes to which each Government would be entitled at the Conference,
and of that of the allocation of the seats on the Executive Council.
The Italian Delegation is of the opinion that the sound principle
of equality shall be equitably adjusted to the nèed of taking into
consideration the differences in the economic importance of the var-
ious countries. It expects, moreover that in the case of Italy
consideration will be give to her very special economic and demo-
graphic conditions.
The question of the treatment to be meted out to those countries
which either do not enter the ITO or which, for some reason or other,
may see fit to withdraw from it, is one desrving of special atten-
tion. Here again the Preparatory Committee has limited itself to
proposing alternative solutions. Two of these are however of such a
nature as to cause serious embarrassment to more than one country
desirious of acquiring membership in the ITO, as by so doing they
would find themselves bound to take discriminatory measures
in their trade with non-member countries, But in any case, the mere
fact of having to renounce active trade relations with countries
which should fail to wail themselves of their might to enter the
ITO and with those, which after entering, might see fit to with-
draw, would give rise to grave loss and would therefore be a ser-
icus hindrance to a country desirous of membership in the said org-
anization. (MORE) ITO/25
D'ANNA I TALY
The composition of the Committeen Customs Tariffs also
gives rise to serious apprehensions, and so does the character cf
its decisions, against which the Charter as now drafted provides
no possibility of appeal.
Both at its first and at its second session the Prepar-
tory Committee of this Conference has introduced marked improvements
in the original project, for which it is entitled to receive due
credit. The debates which took place in that Committee proved very
valuable for ssuring a fuller understanding of the existing realit-
ies with which we have to deal, and of the problems deriving thcre-
from. The Italian Delegation is animated by an earnest desire to
make its modest contribution to this clarification, so that the
Charter of Trade and Employment this conference is called upon to
adopt may be devised along the best possible lines and may have the
possibility of securing the aims it is pursuing.
################## |
GATT Library | kj860qg8413 | Administrative Provisions (Covered in Report of Technical Sub-Committee of First Session of Preparatory Conference in London) : Suggestions by Canadian Delegation | United Nations Economic and Social Council, January 27, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Preparatory Commission of the Conference on Trade and Employment Drafting Committee | 27/01/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/C.6/W.20 and E/PC/T/C.6/W/1-25 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/kj860qg8413 | kj860qg8413_90230221.xml | GATT_149 | 1,322 | 8,587 | United Nations
ECONOMIC
AND
SOCIAL' COUNCIL
Nations Unies RESTRICTED
E/PC/T/C.6/W.20
CONSEIL 27 January 1947
ECONOMIQUE ORGINAL: ENGLISH
ET SOCIAL
DRAFTNG COMMITTEE OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE -
OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS
(Covered in Report of Technical Sub-Committee of
First Session of Preparatory Conference in London).
Suggestions by Canadian Delegation
ARTICLE XVII (Anti-Dumping and Countervailing Duties)
It is suggested that in determining dump, while method (a) should
be mandatory if possible (as in the original draft) nevertheless methods
(b) and (c) should be alternative, either of which may be used-at the
option of the country imposing the anti-dumping duty, provided method
(a) is inapplicable because of the absence of any domestic price.
The purposes of this amendment is to allow members to protect.
themselves against dumping by a country which dumps into all other
countries at a uniform price and which has no relevant domestic price.
It is believed that this is the intention but that unless some such
amendment as that suggested below is adopted this intention will be
frustrated.
Paragraph I
"No anti-dumping duty or charge shall be imposed on any product. of
any member country imported into any other member country in excess of
an amount equal to the margin of dumping under which such product is
being imported. For the purposes of this. Article, the margin of dumping
shall be understood to mean the amount by which the price of a product
exported from one country to another is less than (a) the comparable
price charged for the like product to buyers in the domestic market of the
/exporting country, E/PC/T/C.6/W.20
Page 2
exporting country, or [(B)] in the absence of such domestic price,
either- (b) the highest comparable price at which the like- product is sold.
for export to any and every purchaser in any third country in the ordinary
course of commerce, or (c) [in the absence of (a) and (b)] the cost of
producticon of the production the country of .origin plus a reasonable
addition for selling cost and margin of profit; with due allowance in
each case for differences in conditions and terms of sale, for differences
in taxation, and for other differences effecting price comparability."
ARTICLE XVII
Paragraph 5
"Each member undertakes that as a general rule it will not impose
any anti --dumping [ duty ] or countervailing [ duty ] duties or charges on
the importation of any product of other member countries unless it
determines that the dumping or subsidization, as the case may be, under
which such product is imported, is such as to injure [threaten to injure]
a domestic industry supplying a reasonable percentage of the normal domestic
consumption of the commodity in question; [or is such as to prevent the
establishment of a domestic industry.]"
The purpose of this suggestion is to preclude the use of anti-dumping
or countervailing duties or charges for the protection of an infant industry
or unborn industry. Legitimate protection for such cases is dealt with in
other articles, and the use of anti-dumping or countervailing -duties- would
be an illegitimate extension of this article to cover purposes which are
not properly within its purviear.
/ARTICLE XVIII E/PC/T/C.6/W. 20
Page 3
ARTICLE XVIII (TARIFF VALUATI0N)
"The Members recognize the validity of the following general
principles of tariff valuation, and they undertake to revise
their Customs laws and relations where-necessary to give effect to
such principles, in respect of all products subject to duty based
upon or regulated by value, at the earliest practicable date".
Paragraph 2(a)
"The value for duty of imported products should be based on the
actual value at which, in the usual and ordinary course of trade,.
[of] the kind of imported merchandise on which duty is assessed
is sold or offered for sale in comparable quantities and under
similar conditions of sale, or the nearest ascertainable equivalent
of such value [and]. The value for duty purposes should not be
based on the value of products of national origin or on arbitrary
or fictitious valuations.
(The purpose of the Canadian delegation in suggesting this
amendment is to make perfectly clear the meaning of the phrase
"actual value", which is so vague as to be meaningless without
further amplification).
ARTICLE XIX (CUSTOMS F0RMALITIES)
Paragraph. 2
"Members.undertake to [review] revise their: Customs laws
and regulations where necessary with a view to giving effect to the
principles and objectives of paragraph 1 of this Article at the
earliest practicable date and shall report to the organization.
from time to time on the progress made. The Organization is
authorized. to request such reports from.Members -and. to -assist and
co-operate with them in carrying out the provisions of this
paragraph." . .
/P.raph 3 E/PC/T/C.6/W.20
Page 4
Paragraph 3.
"Greater than nominal penalties over and above the duty propely -
'payable should not be imposed by any member in connection with the
importation of any product of any other Member country because of errors
in documentation which are -obviously clerical in origin or with regard to,
which Good -faith can be established. Moreover, Members shall remit any
pena1ty, over and above the duty properly payable had no error been made,
imposed on or in connection with the importation of any product of any
other Member country if it is officially found that the penalty has been
imposed because of actions with resulted from errors or advice of
responsible Customs officials ."
(The purpose of this suggestion is to make clear the meaning of the
word "penalty").
ARTICILE XX (MARKS OF ORIGIN)
Paragraph 5
"The Members undertake to work toward the uniform adoption of a
schedule of general categories of products which alone shall [not in any
case] be required to be marked to indicate their origin. [With a view to
furthering this work] the Organization is authorized to investigate and
recommend to Members descriptions of categories of products in respect of
which marking requirements operate to restrict trade in a degree
disproportionate to any proper purpose to be served." -
(The purpose of this suggested ammendment is to restrict marking
requirements by the adoption of positive lists, rather than negative
lists as envisaged in the- original text. The Canadian delegation
would be glad to see the abandement altogether of requirement of marks
of origin.)
ARTICLE XXI (PUBLICATON AND ADMINISTRATION OF TRADE REGULATIONS)
Paragraph 2 -' -:-
(First two sentences) "Members shall administer in a uniform,
inpartial, and reasonable manner all laws, regulations, decisions and
/rulings E/PC/T/C.6/W.20
Page 5
rulings of the kind described in paragraph 1 of thise Article. Moreover,
-they undertake to maintain, or to establish as soon as practicable, for
the review and correction of administrative action relating to customs'
matters, judicial or administrative tribunals which are in fact
independent. of the agencies which are entrusted with administrative
enforcement, and whose decision shall be binding upon such agencies."
ARTICLE XXIII (BOYCOTTS)
"No Member shall encourage, support, or participate in boycotts
or other campaigns which are designed to discourage, directly or
indirectly, the consumption within its territory of products of [other
member countries any specific member country or countries on grounds of
origin, or the sale of products for consumption within other member
countries on grounds of destination."
ARTICLE: XXXVII (GENERAL EXCEPTIONS TO CHAPTER V)
"Nothing in Chapter V shall be construed to prevent the adoption or
enforcement by any member of measures" (or, preferably in the opinion of
the Canadian delegation, the alternative words suggested at London by the
United Kingdom delegation):
"(a) necessary to protect public morals, where similar restrictions
are imposed on domestic production and sale.
(b) necessary to protect human, animal, or plant life or health
where similar restrictions are imposed on domestic consumption
and sales;
(The purpose of these additional words is to prevent abuse of
-exceptions (a) and (b) for purposes of disguised protection.)
a .
(h) relating [po fonsca-made gs]d_7 the products of prison-lur..
kI) relating to the export of electric pwoer.
.,___ |
GATT Library | nx941dy3510 | Administrative Sub-Committee | United Nations Economic and Social Council, February 13, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Preparatory Commission of the Conference on Trade and Employment Drafting Committee | 13/02/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/C.6/78 and E/PC/T/C.6/73-85/CORR.1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/nx941dy3510 | nx941dy3510_90230144.xml | GATT_149 | 608 | 4,331 | United Nations Nations Unies RESTRICTED
ECONOMIC CONSEIL E/PC/T/C.6/78
AND ECONOMIQUE 13 February 1947
SOCIAL COUNCIL ET SOCIAL ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
DRAFTING COMMITTEE OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
ADMINISTRATIVE SUB-COMMITTEE ,
Pursuar to the instructionsm received fro=the Drafting Committee, the-
Administrative Sub-Committee has drawn up the text of Articles. 1, 75 and 77,
as set forth below, ande submitsg tommo th Draftin Cittee these drafts for
its consideration:
Article 1.
General PurDses
oIn purseuerance f the dtmination oNf the United ations to create
conditions odf economic an social progress essential to world peace, the
signatories of this Charter for World Trade hereby establish an International
Trade Organgization throuh which t hey will workfor the purposes set out
hereunder. -
1;To promote national and international action for the expansion
of the production, exchange and consumpttn.f goods, for the.
achievemgent and, maintenance in all countries of hih levels of
productive exio0reffective demand and real income, for the
development a the economic resources of the world, and for the
-!,~n o ftariffs and other. trae .barrers.andthe eliination
of all forms of discriinatory-reatment in international commerce;
thus avoidwing excess ive fluctuations in orld tradeand contributing
to a balaxed as& panin orld economy. - -
2. To further the enjo.,t by all Members, on equal terms, of
access to the markets, products and productive facilities which
are needed for their economic prosperity and development.
/3. To encourage E/PC/T/C.5/78
Page 2.
3. To encourage and assist the industrial and general economic
development of Members, particularly of those still in the early
stases of industrial development.
4. To facilitate the solution of problems in the field of
international trade, employment and economic development through
consultation and. collaboration among Members.
5. To enable Members to avoid recourse to measures which disrupt
world commerce, reduce productive employment or retard economic
progress by increasing the opportunities for their trade and
economic development on a mutually advantageous basis.
6. To collaborate with other international organizations in the
activities contemplated by this Charter.
Article 75
Functions of the Commission or Commercial Policy
The Commission on Commercial Policy shall have the following functions:
1. To investigate and to advise the Executive Board regarding
the matters covered by Chapter V and regarding the commercial
policy aspects of specific proposals involving the exercise by the
Oranization of its functions under Article 13, Article 61 and
paragraph 2 of Article 66.
2. To investigate and to advise the Executive Board regarding the
economic aspects of existing and proposed. customs unions.
3. To develop and. to recommend to the Executive Board programmes
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
4A,- to further the objectives of the Organization in the
general --). ezcial icy !nclding co-operative projects
of a technical nature in this field.
4. To consult as necessary with the other commissions of the
Organization.
/Article 77 E/PC/T/C.6/78
Page 3
Article 77
Functions of the Commodity Commission
The Commodity Commission shall have the following functions:
1. To study and investigate commodity problems and proposals for
solving them and to prepare the reviews called for in Article 55.
2. To receive from Members requests for studies as provided for
in Article 48 paragraph 2; [to receive the studies or requests
for studies from Specialized Agencies in accordance with Article 50,
paragraph 1]; to exercise the functions of the Organization as
provided for in paragraphs 4, 5, 6 and 7 of Article 54.
3. To advise and make recomendations to the Executive Board
with regard to the activities of the Organization under Chapter VII
and arising from the provisions of paragraph 4 of Article 30.
4. To consult as necessary with the other Commissions of the
Organization. |
GATT Library | cp248bt9319 | Advance Guidance on ITO Draft Charter | European Office of the United Nations Information Centre Geneva, August 19, 1947 | Preparatory Committee of the Conference on Trade and Employment and European Office of the United Nations Information Centre Geneva | 19/08/1947 | press releases | Press Release No.291 and PRESS RELEASE NO.36-354 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/cp248bt9319 | cp248bt9319_90260228.xml | GATT_149 | 1,204 | 8,575 | EUROPEAN OFFICE OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Information Centre
Geneva
Press Release No. 291
19 August 1947.
PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE CONFERENCE
ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
ADVANCE GUIDANCE ON ITO DRAFT CHARTER
A.. THE DRAFT CHARTER
B. POINTS LEFT FOR DECISION AT WORLD CONFERENCE
C. NUMBER OF MEETINGS HELD:
LONDON, LAKE SUCCESS, GENEVA
D. WORLD TRADE STATISTICS
Note
A more detailed guidance on the
Charter itself will be issued
later. EUROPEAN OFFICE OF THE UNITED NATIONS
Information Centre
Geneva Press Release No.891
page 2 19 August 1947
A. THE DRAFT ITO CHARTER
BACKGROUND See Press Release 262, page one.
PURPOSE OF THE CHARTER
The purpose of the Charter is to provide the ITO
and its Members with rules and regulations to enable the ITO to
function successfully.
OBJECTIVES OF THE ITO
ITO Members pledge themselves to promote national
and international action designed
(a) To assure a large and steadily growing volume
of real income and effective demand; to increase
production, consumption and exchange of goods and
thus to contribute to a balanced and expanding
world economy,
(b) to foster and assist industrial and general
economic development, particularly of under
developed countries and to encourage the international
flow of capital for productive investment,
(c) to promote access to markets, products and
productive facilities needed for economic
development,
(d) to reduce tariffs and other barriers to trade and
eliminate discriminatory treatment in
international commerce,
(e) to enable countries by increasing their trade and
economic development, to abstain from measures
which would disrupt world commerce, reduce
employment or retard economic progress, Page 3 Press Release No.291
19 August 1947
(f) to facilitate the solution of
international trade problems in the fields
of employment, economic development,
commercial policy, business practices
and commodity policy.
MEMBERSHIP
Any State, approved by ITO, may become a
Member. In addition, the admission of Burm , Ceylon,
Southern Rhodesia, the Indonesian Republic and other
Customs territories which may be autonomous in the
conduct of their commercial relations is provided for, '
The ITO is to determine whether membership is to be
extended to Trust Territories administered by Uhe T.N.
and to Trieste.
STURE IUtR OF ITO
Thc draft Charter proposes that ITO shall have
Ad) a Conference, consisting of all the
Members.
(bIn soz Execu ive. Board.
(c) aa TeriommCdbiittee
(d) Commissions to be established by the
Executive Board. -
There will be a Director renezal, to be appointed
by the Conference upon the recommendation of the Executive
Board, Neither the draft charter nor the Preparatory Committee
makes any proposal regarding a suitable site for ITO.
?11 Page 4 Press Release No. 291
19 August 1947
VOTING
The Preparatory Committee has been unable
to reach agreement on whether voting should be
on the principle of one state one vote or whether
there should be a system of weighted voting
related to such factors as volume of trade and
population. Alternative proposals are being
submitted to the World Conference.
Each member of the Executive Board will
have one vote and decisions will be made by
simple majority.
RELATIONSHIP WITH U.N.
ITO will be one of the specialized agencies
referred to in Article 57 of the Charter of the
U.N. The Preparatory Committee, which has
drafted the charter was constituted by the
Economic and Social Council.
CONTRIBUTIONS
The Conference of ITO is to determine how
much each Member will contribute. The draft
charter provides that a Member whose contributions
fall in arrears shall lose its vote. Page 5 Press Release No. 291
19 August 1947
B. POINTS LEFT FOR DECISION BY WORLD CONFERENCE
There are four important points left open in the
Draft Charter, on all of which alternative suggested texts
are being submitted to the World Conference. This does
not mean, of course, that the rest of the Draft Charter is
not open to full discussion at the World Conference.
1. Voting
The world conference at Havana will have to decide
on the important principle of whether ITO shall use a system
of one vote to one member or whether there shall be a system
of weighted voting related to such factors as the volume of
world trade enjoyed by an individual member. The Draft
Charter submits three texts covering (a) one state, one vote,
(b) "heavy" weighted voting, (c) "light" weighted voting.
2. Relations with Non-Members
As it is still unknown how many countries will join
the ITO within a reasonable time, It has been left to the
world conference to decide how the charter shall deal with
relations between ITO members and non-members of ITO. The
Draft Charter submits three alternative texts.
3. Relations with the International Court of Justice.
It is agreed that c:- matters of dispute arising from
the ITO charter the ITO may request an advisory opinion from
the International Court of Justice. But there is a difference
of views as to whether the ICJ shall deal only with juridical
matters or whether it shall also be a judge of matters of
economic fact.
4. Members of the Executive Board
The Draft Charter submits three alternative suggestions.
The first proposes a fixed number of seats to be allocated to
named States of major economic importance and the allocation
of the remainder on a "regional" basis (see press release No.
273), The second proposes the open election of all members,
without any allocation of seats to named States. The third
proposes a fixed number of permanent seats (as in the first
proposal) and the open election of the remainder by the ITO.
Note The Preparatory Committee has expressed the
view that if there are to be a certain number
of seats allocated to States of major economic
importance, the Dominion of India would be
entitled to come within this category. Page 6 Press Release No 291
19 August 1947
C. NUMBER OF MEETINGS HELD: LONDON,
LAKE SUCCESS, GENEVA
First Session of the Preparatory Committee of the
United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment.
London, 15 October - 26 November, 1946.
Plenaries 6
Executive Sessions and
Heads of Delegations 10
Committees 54
Sub-Committees 45
Total 115
Drafting Committee, Lake Success - 25 February,1947
Committees 29
Sub-Committees 29
Total 58
Second Session of the Preparatory Committee, Geneva
10 April - 22 August 1947
Plenaries 7
Executive Sessions,
Commissions and Heads
of Delegations 112
Tariff Agreement,
Consultative and
Steering Committees 18
Tariff Negotiations
Working Party 30
Legal Drafting
Committee 55
Sub-Committee and
Working Parties on
Chapters & Articles 231
Total 453
Grand Total 626 page 7 Press Release No. 291
19 August 1947
D. WORLD TRADE STATISTICS
The trade of the 17 countries, which formed the
Preparatory Committee, is approximately 63 per cent of total
world trade.
The following percentages, based on average of
year 1938 and latest twelve months for which figures are
available, indicate the relative amounts of trade enjoyed
by the leading trading countries and unions.
Country Percentage
Australia 3,2
Belgium-Netherlands
Luxembourg Economic Union 11.0
Brazil 2.8
Burma 0.7
Canada 7.2
Ceylon 0.6
Chile 0.6
China 2.7
Cuba 0.9
Czechoslovakia 1.4
France 9.5
India ) 3.3
) Pakistan )
New Zealand 1.2
Norway 1.5
Southern Rhodesia 0.3
Syro-Lebanese Customs Union 0.1
Union of South Africa 1.7
United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland 25.9
United States of America 25.4
100 % |
GATT Library | jg381qm1619 | Advance Netice of Meeting | United Nations Economic and Social Council, October 6, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 06/10/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/INF/304 and E/PC/T/INF/272-330 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/jg381qm1619 | jg381qm1619_90200740.xml | GATT_149 | 100 | 657 | UNITED NATIONS
ECONOMIC
AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
NATION UNIES CONSEIL
ECONOMIQUE ET SOCIAL
UNTRESTRICTED
E/PC/T/INF/304
6 October 1947
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT.
Advance Netice of Meeting
There will be a meeting of the Tariff Negotiations
Working Party on Wednesday, October 8; at 2.30 p.m. in Room 210.
DEUXIEME SESSION DE LA COMMISSION PREPARATOIRE DE LA
COUFERENCE DU COMERCE ET DE L'EMLOI DE L'ORGANISATION
DES NATIONS UNIES
Avis de séance
Une séance du Groupe de Travail chargé des négociations
tarifaires aura lieu mercedi 8 octobre, à 14h.30, en la
salle 210. |
GATT Library | dx150gr9367 | Advance Notice of Meeting | United Nations Economic and Social Council, June 9, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 09/06/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/DEL./41 and E/PC/T/DEL/18-46 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/dx150gr9367 | dx150gr9367_90210127.xml | GATT_149 | 100 | 792 | UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES RESTRICTED
ECONOMIC CONSEIL E/PC/T/DEL./41
9 June 1947
AND ECONOMIQUE
SOCIAL COUNCIL ET SOCIAL ORIGINAL : ENGLISH
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Advance Notice of Meeting
It is suggested that the Chairman's Committee should meet at
10.30 a.m. on Friday, June 13th, with the following Agenda:
(a) Review of the work of the Second Session with
a view to establishing a target date for its
termination.
(b) Date and place of World Conference (E/PC/T/Del.40)
(c) Invitation to non-members (E/PC/T/Del.39)
(d) Establishment of a Legal Drafting Committee
(E/PC/T/Del.38) |
GATT Library | hb406pq7884 | Advance notice of Meeting | United Nations Economic and Social Council, June 23, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 23/06/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/DEL/45 and E/PC/T/DEL/18-46 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/hb406pq7884 | hb406pq7884_90210134.xml | GATT_149 | 170 | 1,469 | UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC NATIONS UNIES CONSEIL RESTRICTED
AND ECONOMIQUE E/PC/T/DEL/45
SOCIAL COUNCIL ET SOCIAL 23 June 1947
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT.
ADVANCE NOTICE OF MEETING
It is suggested that the Chairman's Committee Meeting be
held on Friday June 27th at 10.30.a.m. with the following agenda:
1. Report of Tariff Negotiations working
Party. (E/PC/T/S/2).
2. Date and Place of World Conference.
(E/PC/T/DEL/40. continued).
3. Invitation to non-members.
(E/PC/T/DEL/39 continued).
4. Report of the Second Session.
(E/PC/T/DEL/43.).
__________________________
DEUXIEME SESSION DE LA COMMISSION PREPARATOIRE DE LA CONFERENCE
DU COMMERCE ET DE L' EMPLOI DE L'ORGANISATION DES
NATIONS UNIES
AVIS de SEANCE
Il est proposé que le Conseil du Président se réunisse le
vendredi 27 juin à 10 h.30, pour examiner l'ordre du jour suivant:
1. Rapport du Groupe de Travail chargé des
négociations tarifaires. (E/PC/T/S/2).
2. Date et lieu de la Conférence mondiale.
(E/PC/T/DEL/40. cont.).
3. Invitation d'Etats non-membres.
(E/PC/T/DEL/39. cont.).
4. Rapport sur les travaux de la Deuxième
Session. (E/PC/T/DEL/43.). |
GATT Library | nz391py9783 | Advance Notice of Meeting | United Nations Economic and Social Council, October 14, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 14/10/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/INF/312 and E/PC/T/INF/272-330 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/nz391py9783 | nz391py9783_90200748.xml | GATT_149 | 104 | 680 | UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES
UNRESTRICTED
ECONOMIC
AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
CONSEIL
ECONOMIQUE
ET SOCIAL
E/PC/T/INF/312
14 October 1947
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT.
Advance Notice of Meeting
There will be a meeting of the Tariff Negotiations Working
Party on Thursday, 16th October 1947, at 2.3C p.m. in Room 210.
.
DEUXIEME SESSION DE LA COMMISSION PREPARATOIRE DE LA
CONFERENCE DU COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI DE
L'ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES.
Avis de Séance
Une séance du Groupe de Travail chargé des négociations
tarifaires aura lieu le jeudi, 16, octobre 1947 à 14h.30, en
la SaIle 210. |
GATT Library | jq400kk3219 | Advance Notice of Meeting | United Nations Economic and Social Council, October 9, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 09/10/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/INF/307 and E/PC/T/INF/272-330 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/jq400kk3219 | jq400kk3219_90200743.xml | GATT_149 | 106 | 683 | UNITED NATIONS
ECONOMI C
AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
NATIONS UNIES CONSEIL
ECONOMIQUE
ET SOCIAL
UNRESTRICTED
E/PC/T/INF/307
9 October 1947.
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT.
Advance Notice of Meeting
There will be a meeting of the Tariff Negotiations
Working Party on Saturday, October 11, at 2.30 p.m. in
Room 210.
DEUXIEME SESSION DE LA COMISSION PHEPARATOIRE DE LA
CONFERENCE DU COMMERE ME DE L' EMPLOI DE L' ORGANISHATION
DES NATIONS UNIES
Avis de Séance
Une stance du Groupe de Travail charge des négocia-
tions tarifaires sura lieu samedi 11 octobre, à 14h.30, en
la salle 210.
NATIONS UNIES |
GATT Library | kg341yz7585 | Advance Notice of Meeting | United Nations Economic and Social Council, June 21, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 21/06/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/INF/116 and E/PC/T/INF/67-131 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/kg341yz7585 | kg341yz7585_90200546.xml | GATT_149 | 165 | 1,088 | UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES
ECONOMIC
AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
CONSEIL
UNRESTRICTED
ECONOMIQUE E/PC/T/INF/116
21 June 1947.
ET SOCIAL ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIOINS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT.
Advance Notice of Meeting.
The meeting of Commission A on Monday, June 23 will
be for the discussion of the Report of the Sub-committee.
on Chapter III (E/PC/T/95) instead of Articles 31, 32
and 33 as scheduled in E/PC/T/81/REV.1. The discussion
on these articles will continue on Tuesday, June 24th
at 2.30.
DEUXIEME SESSION DE LA COMMISSION PREPARATOIRE
DE LA CONFERENCE DU COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI
DE L'ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES.
Avis dE Séance
La séance de la Commission A du lundi 23 juin
aura pour objet la discussion du rapport du Sous-Comité
sur le chapitre III (E/PC/T/95) et ne portera pas sur les
articles 31, 32 et 33 comme i était prévu dans le document
E/PC/T/81/Rev.1 La discussion de ces articles se poursuivra
mardi 24 juin à 14h.30.
NATIONS UNIES |
GATT Library | ys099ff0742 | Advance Notice of Meeting | United Nations Economic and Social Council, October 20, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 20/10/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/INF/317 and E/PC/T/INF/272-330 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/ys099ff0742 | ys099ff0742_90200753.xml | GATT_149 | 106 | 684 | UNITED NATlONS
ECONOMIC
AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
NATIONS UNIES CONSEIL
ECONOMIQUE
ET SOCIAL UNRESTRICTED
E/PC/T/INF/317
20 October 1947.
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMIITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT.
Advance Notice of Meeting
There will be a meeting of the Tariff Negotiations
Working Party on Wednesday, 22nd October, 1947, at 10.30 a.m.
in Room 210.
DEUXIEME SESSION DE LA COMMISSION PREPARATOIRE DE LA
CONFERENCE DU COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI DE
L ' ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES.
Avis de Séance
Une séance du Groupe de Travail charge des négociations
tarifaires aura lieu le mercredi, 22 Octobre 1947 à 10h. 30
en la Salle 210. |
GATT Library | cb530yy4392 | Advance Notice of Meeting | United Nations Economic and Social Council, August 5, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 05/08/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/DEL/65 and E/PC/T/DEL/46-71/CORR. 1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/cb530yy4392 | cb530yy4392_90210158.xml | GATT_149 | 159 | 1,083 | UNlTED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES RESTRICTED
ECONOMIC
AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
CONSEIL
ECONOMIQUE
ET SOCIAL
E/PC/T/DEL/65
5 August 1947
Original: ENGLISH
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMIITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERNECE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT.
Advance Notice of Meeting
it is suggested that the Chairman's Committee should
meet on Thursday, August 7th at 4.30 to hear the report of
the Chairman on the discussions of the Economic and Social
Council and for further consideration of the question of
invitations to non-members of the United Nations (document
E/PC/T/149).
DEUXIEME SESSION DE LA COMMISSION PREPARATIRE
DE LA CONFERENCE DU COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI DE
L'ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES
Avis préalable de reunion
Il est suggéré que le Comité du Président se réunisse
le jeudi 7 août à 16 h.30 pour entendre le rapport du
Président sur les débats du Cunseil économique et social et
pour poursuivre l'examen de la question des invitations à
adresser aux Etats non-membres des Nations Unies (Doc.
E/PC/T/149). |
GATT Library | qv006bc8665 | Advance Notice of Meeting | United Nations Economic and Social Council, October 22, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 22/10/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/INF/320 and E/PC/T/INF/272-330 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/qv006bc8665 | qv006bc8665_90200756.xml | GATT_149 | 104 | 678 | UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES
ECONOMIC
AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
CONSEIL
ECONOMIQUE
ET SOCIAL
UNRESTRICTED
E/PC/T/INF/320
22 October 1947
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Advance Notice of Meeting
There will be a meeting of the Tariff Negotiations
Working Party on Saturday, 25 October 1947, at 10.30 a.m.
in Room 210.
DEUXIEME SESSION DE LA COMMISSION PREPARATOIRE DE LA
CONFERENCE DU COMMERCE ET DE L 'EMPLOI DE
L'ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES
Avis de Sâance
Une stance du Groupe de Travail chargé des -négociations
tarifaires aura lieu le samedi, 25 octobre 1947 a 10h.30 en
la Salle 210 |
GATT Library | qv837dd3033 | Advance notice of Meeting | United Nations Economic and Social Council, July 9, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 09/07/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/DEL/48 and E/PC/T/DEL/46-71/CORR. 1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/qv837dd3033 | qv837dd3033_90210138.xml | GATT_149 | 243 | 1,663 | UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES RESTRICTED
ECONOMIC CONSEIL E/PC/T/DEL/48 9 July 1947,
AND ECONOMIQUE Original: ENGLISH
SOCIAL COUNCIL ET SOCIAL
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
ADVANCE NOTICE OF MEETING
There will be a meeting of Heads of Delegations at
10.30 a.m. on Thursday, 10 july 1947, to consider the arrange-
ments for the representation of the Preparatory Committee at the
Fifth Session of the Economic and Social Council, in connection
with the discussion of the report of the Preparatory Committee to
the Council.
Heads of Delegations will also be invited to approve the
dispatch of the attached draft telegram to the Assistant Secretary
General for Economic Affairs.
Draft TELEGRAM
FOLLOWING FOR ASSISTANT SECRETARY GENERAL ECONOMIC AFFAIRS
FROM PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT.
IT IS THE INTENTION OF THE PREPPARATORY COMMITTEE THAT ITS
CHAIRMAN MR. MAX SUETENS SHOULD ATTEND THE FIFTH SESSION OF THE
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL TO PRESENT THE REPORT OF THE
PREPARATORY COMMITTEE. AS HOWEVER THE SECOND SESSION OF THE PRE-
PARATORY COMMITTEE WILL CONTINUE CONCURRENTLY WITH THE ECOSOC
MEETING IT IS MOST DESIRABLE THAT THE CHAIRMAN SHOULD NOT BE
ABSENT FROM GENEVA LONGER THAN IS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY. FOR THIS
REASON WE SHOULD BE GRATEFUL IF YOU COULD ARRANGE WITH CHAIRMAN
ECOSOC THAT PREPCOM REPORT BE TAKEN AT A PRE-ARRANGED DATE.
FROM POINT OF VIEW OF WORK HERE WE WOULD SUGGEST A DATE ON OR
AROUND JULY 28TH. |
GATT Library | mr250jy2612 | Advance Notice of Meeting | United Nations Economic and Social Council, October 2, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 02/10/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/INF/301 and E/PC/T/INF/272-330 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/mr250jy2612 | mr250jy2612_90200737.xml | GATT_149 | 98 | 624 | UNITED NATIONS
ECONOMIC
AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
NATION UNIES CONSEIL
ECONOMIQUE
ET SOCIAL
E/PC/T/INF/301
2 October 1947
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT.
Advance Notice of Meeting
There will be a meeting of the Tariff Negotiations
Working Party on Friday 3 October at 2.30 p.m. in Room 218.
DEUXIEME SESSION DE LA COMMISSIOIN PREPARATOIRE
DE LA CONFERENCE DES NATIONS UNIES SUR LE
COMMERCE ET L 'EMPLOI
Avis de séance
Une Séance du Groupe de Travail chargé des négociations
tarifaires aura lieu vendredi 3 octobre, à 14h.30, en la salle
218. |
GATT Library | pw362qr3508 | Advance Notice of Meeting | United Nations Economic and Social Council, July 15, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 15/07/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/DEL/53 and E/PC/T/DEL/46-71/CORR. 1 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/pw362qr3508 | pw362qr3508_90210143.xml | GATT_149 | 110 | 813 | UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES
ECONOMIC
AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
CONSEIL
ECONOMIQUE
ET SOCIAL
RESTRICTED
E/PC/T/DEL/53
15 July 1947
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Advance Notice of Meeting
It is suggested that the Chairman's Committee
(Helds of Delegations) should meet on Thursday,
17 July, 1947, at 5.00 p.m. with the following
agenda:
1. Report of Charter Stearing Committee on progress
of Charter discussions.
2. Second special Report on the progress of Tariff
Negotiations by the Tariff Negotiations Working
Party. (E/PC/T/S/3)
3. Note by the Executive Sceretary regarding Observers
from Governments Non-Members of the United Nations
to the Preparatory Committee. (E/PC/T/DEL/49) |
GATT Library | yz418pf0299 | Advance notice of Meeting and agenda | United Nations Economic and Social Council, July 3, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 03/07/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/INF/145 and E/PC/T/INF/132-198 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/yz418pf0299 | yz418pf0299_90200575.xml | GATT_149 | 113 | 774 | UNITED NATIONS
ECONOMIC
AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
CONSEIL
ECONOMIQUE
ET SOCIAL
UNRESTRICTED
E/PC/T/INF/145
3 July 1947
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT.
ADVANCE NOTICE OF MEETING AND AGENDA
It is suggested that the Preparatory Committee at its
meeting scheduled for Monday, 7 July et 2.30 p.m. consider
the following items :
Draft Report by the Preparatory Committee of the
Unite Nations Conference on Trade and Employment
to the Economic and Social Council (E/PC/T/117).
2. Report of the SECOND SESSION. Note by the
Secretariat (E/PC/T/116).
3. Organizations in Category A. Note by the Executive
Secretary (E/PC/T/113).
4. Verbatim Reports Note by the Executies Secretery.
NATIONS UNIES |
GATT Library | qv286hr2762 | Advance Notice of Meeting : There will be a Meeting of the Chairman's Committee (Heads of Delegations) on Wednesday, May 14th, in Room VIII, at 10.30 a.m | United Nations Economic and Social Council, May 12, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 12/05/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/DEL/33 and E/PC/T/DEL/18-46 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/qv286hr2762 | qv286hr2762_90210117.xml | GATT_149 | 148 | 1,088 | UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES
ECONOMIC CONSEIL RESTRICTED
AND ECONOMIQUE E/PC/T/DEL/33
SOCIAL COUNCIL ET SOCIAL May 12, 1947.
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT.
Advance Notice of Meeting
There will be a meeting of the Chairman's Committee
(Heads of Delegations) on Wednesday, May 14th, in Room VIII,
at 10.30 a.m.
The subjects for discussion are the following
1. Report of the Tariff Negotiations Working Party.
2. Procedure for Charter discussions.
SECONDE SESSION DE LA COMMISSION PREPARATOIRE
DE LA CONFERENCE DU COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI
DE L'ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES.
Avis de réunion
Une réunion due Comité du Président (Chefs des
Délégations) aura lieu le mercredi 14 mai, dans la salle VIII,
á 10 heures 30.
Seront discutés les points suivants:
1. Rapport du Groups de travail des Négociations
tarifaires.
2. Procédure à suivre pour les discussions
relatives à la Charte. |
GATT Library | gb976nd6941 | Advance notice of meetings | United Nations Economic and Social Council, July 10, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 10/07/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/INF/157/Amend.1 and E/PC/T/INF/132-198 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/gb976nd6941 | gb976nd6941_90200589.xml | GATT_149 | 161 | 1,005 | UNITED NATIONS
ECONOMIC
AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
NATIONS UNIES
CONSEIL
ECONOMIQUE
ET SOCIAL
UNRESTRICTED
E/PC/T/INFI/157/Amend .1
10 July 1947
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Advance notice of meetings
THe sub-committee on Chapter VIII will meet at 1030
on Saturday, July 12th in Room IX instead of the
Legal Draiftin- Committee originally scheduled for
that time.
The sub-committee on Chapter VIII will also meet on
Monday at 10.30 in Room IX.
DEUXIEME SESSION DE LA COMMISSION PREPARATOIRE DE
LA CONFERENCE DU COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI DE' L'ORGANISATION
DES NATIONS UNIES
Avis de Séances.
Le Sous-Comité chargé de l'examen du Chapitre VIII se
réunira à 10h. 3O le Samedi 12 juillet dans la salle IX,
au lieu du Comité Juridique et de Rédaction don't la
réunion avait d'abord été prévue à cette date.
Le Sous-Comité charge de l'examen du Chapitre VIII se
réunira également le lundi 14 à 10h. 30 dans la salle IX. |
GATT Library | dz399jt5336 | Advance Notice of Meetings | United Nations Economic and Social Council, August 22, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 22/08/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/INF/236 and E/PC/T/INF/199-271 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/dz399jt5336 | dz399jt5336_90200670.xml | GATT_149 | 102 | 720 | UNITED NATIONS
ECONOMIC
AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
CONSEIL
ECONOMIQUE
ET SOC IAL
UNRESTRICTED
E/PC/T/INF/236
22 August 1947.
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Advance Notice of Meetings
Tuesday August 26th
Tariff Negotiations Working Party
10.30
Wednesday, August 27th
Tariff Agreement Committee
2.30
DEUXIEME SESSION DE LA COMMISSION PREPARATOIRE
DE LA CONFERENCE DU COMMERCE ET DE L"EMPLOI
DE L'ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES
Prograrne des prochaines séances
mardi. 26 août
Group de travail charge des négociations
tarifaires
mercredi. 27 août
Comité chargé de l'examen de l'Accord
sur les tarifs
10,h. 30
14 h. 30
NATIONS UNIES |
GATT Library | qp290rf9772 | Advance Notice of Meetings | United Nations Economic and Social Council, July 11, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 11/07/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/INF/157/Amend.2 and E/PC/T/INF/132-198 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/qp290rf9772 | qp290rf9772_90200590.xml | GATT_149 | 185 | 1,122 | UNITED NATIONS
ECONOMI C
AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
NATIONS UNIES
CONSEIL
ECONOMIQUE
ET SOCIAL
UNRESTRI CTED
E/PC/T/IVF/157/Amend .2
July 11th, 1947
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Advance Notice of Meetings
The sub-committee on Chapter VIII, originally scheduled
for Monday, July 14th, at 10.30 will meet instead at 2.30.p.m.
The sub-committee on Article 33 will meet on Monday,
July 14th at 10.30 in Room IX.
The sub-committee on articles 26, 28 and 29 will meet
on Monday, July 14th at 2.30.
DEUXIEME SESSION DE LA COMMISSION PREPARATOIRE
DE LA CONFERENCE DU COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI
DE L'ORGANISATIO) DES NATIONS UNIES
Avis de prochines séances.
Au lieu de se réunir le lundi 14 Juillet, à 10 h.30, comme
il avait été Primitivement prévu, le Sous-comité, chargé de
l'examen du chapitre VIII se réunira le même jour à 14 h.30.
Le Sous-comité charge de l'examen de I'article 33, se
réunira le lundi 14 Juillet à 10 h.30, dans la Salle IX.
La Sous-comité chargé des articles 26, 28 et 29 se réunira
le lundi 14 juillet à 14 h..30. |
GATT Library | rm140bw8477 | Advance Notice of Meetings | United Nations Economic and Social Council, June 30, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 30/06/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/INF/135 and E/PC/T/INF/132-198 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/rm140bw8477 | rm140bw8477_90200565.xml | GATT_149 | 194 | 1,708 | UNITED NATION NATION UNIES
ECONOMIC
AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
CONSEL
ECONOMIQU E
ET SOC IAL
UNRESTRICTED
E/PC/T/INF/135
30 June 1947
Original: ENGLISH
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
advance Notice of Meetings
1. The meeting of the Sub-committee on Chapter IV scheduled
for wednesday, July 2nd has been replaced by a joint
meeting of the Sub-committees on Articles 14, 15 and 24
and Chapter IV.
2. Commission A will meet Wednesday, July 2nd from
2.15 to 4.30 to continue the discussion of the Report
of the Working Party on Technical Articles.
DEUXIEME SESSION DE L. COMMISSION PREPARATOIRE
DE LA CONFERENCE DU COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI
DE L'ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES
Avis de seances
1. La séance du sous-comité charged de l'examen du chapitre
IV prévue pour le mer credi 2 Juillet a été remplacée
par une seance mixte des sous-comités charges de l'examen
des articles 14, 15 et 24, at du chapitre IV.
2. La Commission se réunira le mercredi 2 juillet de
14 h. 15 à 16 h. 30 pour poursuivre la discussion du
rapport du groupe do travail chargé de l'examen des
articles techniques. |
GATT Library | rw369xb4595 | Advance Notice of Meetings | United Nations Economic and Social Council, June 30, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 30/06/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/INF/133 and E/PC/T/INF/132-198 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/rw369xb4595 | rw369xb4595_90200563.xml | GATT_149 | 201 | 1,266 | UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES
UNRESTRICTED E/PC/T/INF/133
ECONOMIC CONSEIL 30 June 1947
AND ECONOMIQUE Original: ENGLISH
SOCIAL COUNCIL ET SOCIAL
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
advance Notice of Meetings
The meeting of Sub-Committee on Article 36 originally
scheduled for Tuesday, July 1, at 10.30 a.m. will now take
place on Wednesday, July 2, at 10.30 a.m. in Room VI.
It should be noted that the Tariff Negotiations Working
Party will meet Monday, June 30, at 8.30 P.m. in Room 218 and
on Wednesday, July 2, at 10.30 a.m. in Room 218.
DEUXIEME SESSION DE LA COMMISSION ON PREPARATOIRE DE LA
CONFERENCE DU COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI DE
L'ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES
Avis de séances
La réunion du Sous-comité charge de l'examen de l'article
36, prévue pour le mardi ler juillet à 10 heures 30, aura lieu
le mercredi 2 juillet à 10 heures 30, dans la Salle VI.
Il convient de noter que le Groupe de travail chargé de
la question des négociations tarifaires se réunira le lundi 30
juin à 20 heures 30, dans la selle 218, ainsi que le mercredi
2 juillet à 10 heures 30, dans la même, salle. |
GATT Library | fq714wr6084 | Advance Prgramme of Meetings | United Nations Economic and Social Council, June 27, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 27/06/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/INF/130 and E/PC/T/INF/67-131 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/fq714wr6084 | fq714wr6084_90200560.xml | GATT_149 | 137 | 1,180 | UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES UNRESTRICTED
E/PC/T/INF/130
ECONOMIC CONSEIL 27 June, 1947
AND ECONOMIQUE
SOCIAL COUNCIL ET SOCIAL
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Advance Prgramme of Meetings
Tuesday. July 1st
Chairman's Committee 10.30 Room VI
Sub-committee on Article 36 10.30 Room 210
Sub-committee on Chapter VIII 10.30 Room VIII
Commissio A (25 and 27) 2.30 Room VIII
Wednesday, July 2nd
Sub-committee on Chapter IV 10.30 Room 210
Sub-committee on Chapter VIII 10.30 Room VIII
Commission S (VIII) 2.30 Room VIII
Sub-committee on Article 30 3.00 Room IX
Consultative Committee 4.30 Room 210
Sub-committee on Articles 10.30 Room 210
14, 15 and 24
Legal Drafting Committee 10.30 Room 234
Commission B (VIII) 2.30 Room VIII
Sub-committee on Article 30 3.00 Room IX
Consultative Committee 4.30 Room 210
(if required) |
GATT Library | yh025yg7794 | Advance Programme of Meetings Thursday, June 26th | United Nations Economic and Social Council, June 24, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 24/06/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/INF/121 and E/PC/T/INF/67-131 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/yh025yg7794 | yh025yg7794_90200551.xml | GATT_149 | 173 | 1,219 | UNITED NATIONS
ECONOMIC
AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
NATIONS UNIES CONSEIL
ECONOMIQUE
ET SOCIAL
UNRESTRICTED
E/PC/T/INF/121
24 June 1947
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Advance Programme of Meetings
Thursday, June 26th
Sub-committee on Articles 14, 15 and 24
Commission B (Chapter VIII)
Sub-committee on Chapter VII
Consultative Committee (with non-
governmental organizationsons)
Submmitteeitt onapter teIIV1I
10.30
2.30
3.00
4.30
8.30
Room
Room
Room
Room 216
Room IX
Friday, June 27th
Chairman's Cimmettce
Subm-comittoe cn Article 30
Commission A (iclesces 25 and 27)
Cimmion B on pRe.ort of Sub-committee
onaChepter VI)
Saturday, Jun8th01:
SubmmitteeIot cn Article 36
Commission Reportcrt oorking Par
cno eThnice.al -'rticls
Monday, June ,C30
Joint Meetin- gf the Sub-committees on
Art-ices 1",415 ead 24 and Chapter IV
Commission A (Arzlticles 2and 27)
Commission B (onReport of the Sub-committe
on Crharte VII)
10.30
10.30
2.30
2.30
10.30
10.30
10.30
2.30
2.30
Room
Room
Room
Room
Roco 210
Room VII
Room VIII
Room VII
Room VIII
210
VIII
IxX
VI
IX
VII
VIII
NATIONS UNIES |
GATT Library | db592bb7952 | Advence notice of Meeting | United Nations Economic and Social Council, June 25, 1947 | United Nations. Economic and Social Council and Second Session of the Preparatory Committee of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment | 25/06/1947 | official documents | E/PC/T/INF/125 and E/PC/T/INF/67-131 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/db592bb7952 | db592bb7952_90200555.xml | GATT_149 | 203 | 1,271 | UNITED NATIONS
ECONOMIC
AND
SOCIAL COUNCIL
NATIONS UNIES CONSEIL
ECONMIQUE ET SOCIAL
UNRESTRICTED
E/PC/T/INF/125
25 June 1947
Original: ENGLISH
SECOND SESSION OF THE PREPARATORY COMMITTEE OF THE
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
ADVENCE NOTICE OF MEETING
1. The first meeting of the Legal Drafting Committee will
take place at 3.00 p.m. on Friday, 27 June, 1947. The
e
place fItche meti g will eb notiied fic in tal usur.1 way.
2. A The Lgenda for the meeting is as follows:-ows:-
neral eerr1 disousof n e2f mathods of work.
xamination of :! sf text apter &txr III ef tac DrEft
Chaaserp e. aproved mmissioin A.or1 ^
EME SESSION DE LA COMMISSION PREPARATOIRE PREDRYJOIRE
RENCE DU COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI Z' t L'LMLOI
ION DES NATIONS UNIESUTIS UTDi-
JAI1S DE SEINCE
emié L .ra ère sémité du Co-utt e rédcetion et dos
questiqns juridicues aura lieu le vendredi, 27 juin 1947,
è.a 5a t. e L: slle dre e tienclr« cette aéandiquéss irfiGuCC
ne le façllehabituel1e.
re Ledorre du jurmie la pance re sénrcuivant::-sùiv:o-nt:
sion iscuszaien gsnméthodes de .eavail.ese truvail.
u texte en àu tpitre dI Chariî,r. TII du arojet de Chîrte,
teé cupreuve par le uvu m I A.omrission
NIES 1. IluNiS |
GATT Library | sd733hq1756 | Agenda (Committee III a) : Monday, 15 December, at 4.00 p.m., Conference room B | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 3, 1947 | Third Committee: Commercial Policy | 03/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.3/16 and E/CONF.2/C.3/10-38 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/sd733hq1756 | sd733hq1756_90190108.xml | GATT_149 | 321 | 2,445 | United Nations Nations Unies
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE
ON DU E/CONF./C 3/16
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI 13 December 1947
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
*~~~~~~~~~~~~~_ ."*.i.* ...,*.- J.
THIRD COMMITTEE: COMMERCIAL POLICY
AGENDA (COMMITTEE III a)
Monday, 15 December, at 4.00 p.m., Conference Room B
(Reference: E/CONF.2/C.3/6)
I. ARTICLE 18 - NATIONAL TREATMENT ON INTERNAL TAXATION AND REGULATION
(First Reading)
1: "National Treatment" Rule (paragraph 1, first part and paragraph 5,
second part)
Item 48 - United Kingdom
" 49 - Colombia
" 50 - Syria and Lebanon
"55 - Costa Rica
"56 - Peru
" 74 United States
" 75 - Cuba
2. Imposition of New Internal Taxes and Negotiations for Reduction or
Elimination of Existing Internal Taxes (Paragraph 1, second part)
Item 51 - China
" 52 - Chile
" 53 - Sweden
" 54 - Colorbia, Ireland and Uruguav
Laws and Regulations Affecting ?port, etc. (Paragraph 2)
Item 57 - Cuba
" 58 - Mexico
" 70 - Norway
4. Limitations on "Mixing" Regulations (Paragraph 3)
Item 59 - Chile
" 60 - Mexico
" 61 - Ceylon
" 62 - Ireland
" 63 - Ceylon
/5. Exemption for Certain
3.
4. E/CONF. 2/C .3/16
Page 2
5. Exemption for Certain "Mixing" Regulations and Their Subjection to
Negotiation (Paragraph 4)
Item 64 - Mexico
" 65 - Argentina
" 66 - Ceylon
" 67 - Sweden
" 68 - New Zealand
" 69 - Brazil
6. Purchases for Governmental Purposes (Paragraph 5)
Item 71 - Ceylon and Mexico
" 72 - China
" 73 - Argentina
II. PROPOSED NEW ARTICLE 18 A - NON-DISCRMINATION IN SHlPPlNG, INS?
Item 76 - Norway
III. ARTICLE 19 - SPECIAL
77 -
78
79 -
80
- Norway
PROVISIONS RELAT1NG TO CINEMATOGRAPH FILMS
- Czechoslovakia
- United Kingdom
- United Kingdom
- Argentina
Item
.,
t1
it
It
6. Purcl
Item
3,
..1
II. PROPC
etc.
Item
III. AMIC
Item
It
it
..
33SLM"Ej, |
GATT Library | by565yx4123 | Agenda (Committee III A) : Wednesday, 17 December, at 4.00 p.m., Conference room B | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 16, 1947 | Third Committee: Commercial Policy | 16/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.3/18 and E/CONF.2/C.3/10-38 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/by565yx4123 | by565yx4123_90190110.xml | GATT_149 | 362 | 2,503 | United Nations Nations Unies UNRESTRICTED
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE E/CONF.2/C.3/18 16 December 1947
ON DU
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI
VID COMITTEMTE OMMERCCCLAI OLICY
AENDAG (CMMITOTEE III A)
Wednesday, 17 December, at 4.00 p.m., Conference Room B
(Reference: E/ONCF.2/C.3/6, E/COFN.2C/.3/10)
1. ARTICLE 18 - NTAIONAL RTETMENTA ONINTERNAAL T XAATION ANDRE ULGATION
Completoin of first reading.
2. ARTILlE 1 9- SPECIAL PROVISINMS REALTING TO CNIEATMOGARHP FLIMS
Item 77 - Czechoslovakia
Item 78 - United Kingdom
Item 79 - United Kingdom
Item 80 - Argentina
3. ARTICLE 32 -F REEDOM OF TRANSIT
It is proposed to postpone discussion of this Article pending
clarification of some points ensuing from existing Conventions.
4. ARTICLE 33 - ANTI-DMPUING AND COTEERVAILING DUTIES
Parargaph 1
Item 10 - Cuba (definition, condemnation of dumping, margin, etc).
Item 11 - Syria and Lebanon (condemnation of dumping)
Item 12 - Argentina (condemnation of dumping)
Item 13 - China (condemnation of dumping)
Item 14 - Mexico (condemnation of dumping)
Item 15 - Syria and Lebanon (affirmative form of Article 33)
Item 16 - Note (Geneva Draft - hidden dumping)
Paragraph 2
Item 17 - Note (Geneva Draft - offsetting subsidies)
Paragraph 5
items1 8, 19 - Denmark (consultation, action by ITO)
Item 23 - Syria an LLebanon (consultation, action by ITO)
Item 20 - Belgium-Luxembourg, Czechoslovakia, France, Netherlands
(safeguards against abuses)
Pargrapah 6
Item 2-1 China, India and Pakistan (eilminatoin of other measures)
/Item 22 Page 2
Item 22 - Mexico (elimination of other measures)
Item 24 - Note (Geneva Draft - reference to Article 40)
Rearrangement of Paragraph
Item 25 - Philippines
5. ARTICLE 34 - A VALUTION FOR CUSTOMS PURPOSES
Paragraph 2
Item 27 - Argentina (adaptation of existing laws)
Item 26 - Note (Geneva Draft - adaptation of existing laws)
Item 28 - Uruguay (definition of 'actual value')
Item 29 - Chile (definition of 'actual value')
Item 30 - Uruguay (definition of 'actual value'")
tem 31 -%Note (Geneva Draft - definition of 'acoutl valLe' ;
tem*32,;33,;34 - Note (Geneva Drait - explanation of terms)5
Paagraprh 5
Item 35- Argentina (conversion of foreign currencies)
Item 36- Uruguya (conversion of foreign currencies)
Nw earagrapph
Item 37 - Urguuay (cnsuoltationw ith Cusomss Authoirtise) |
GATT Library | tm998hz2611 | Agenda for Eighth Meeting : To be held on Wednesday, 31 December 1947, at 4.00 p.m | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 30, 1947 | Joint Sub-Committee of Committees II and VI | 30/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.26/A/3, E/CONF.2/C.23/A/1-15, and C.26/A/1-24 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/tm998hz2611 | tm998hz2611_90180411.xml | GATT_149 | 185 | 1,259 | United Nations Nations Unies UNRESTRICTED
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE E/CONF.2/C.2&6/A/3
ON DU ENGLISH - FRENCH
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
JOINT SUB-COMMITTEE OF COMMITTEES II AND VI
AGENDA FOR EIGHTH MEETING
To be Held on Wednesday, 31 December 1947, at 4.00 p.m.
1. Discussion of the reports of
(a) Working Party No. 1 on paragraph 1 (a) of the new Article 12 A
proposed by Colombia. (E/CONF.2/C.2 and 6/A/W.2)
(b) Workling Party No. 2 on double taxation.
2. Continuation of discussion of paragraph 3 of the new Article 12 A
3. Examination of amendments to Article 11.
SOUS-COMMISSION MIXTE DES DEUXIEME ET SIXIEME COMMISSIONS
ORDRE DU JOUR DE LA HUITIEME SEANCE
qui se tiendra le mercredi 31 dTcembre 1947, à 16 heures
1. Discussion des rapports
a) Du groupe de travail n¦ 1 sur 1'alinTa a) du paragraphe premier
de l'article 12 A nouveau proposT par la Colombie (E/CONF.2/
C.2 et 6/A/W.2)
b) Du groupe de travail n° 2 sur la double imposition.
2. Suite de la discussion du paragraph 3 de l'article 12 A nouveau.
3. Examen des amendements à l'article 11. |
GATT Library | hy891hd9702 | Agenda for Eleventh Meeting : To be Held at Havana on Friday, 2 January 1948 | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 31, 1947 | Fifth Committee: Inter-Governmental Commodity Agreements | 31/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.5/12 and E/CONF. 2/C. 5/1-19 C. 5/A/1-2 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/hy891hd9702 | hy891hd9702_90200062.xml | GATT_149 | 102 | 743 | United Nations
CONFERENCE
ON
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Nations Unies UNRESTRICTED
CONFERENCE 31 December 1947
DU ENGLISH - FRENCH
COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
FIFTH COMMITTEE: INTER-GOVERNMENTAL COMMODITY AGREEMENTS
AGENDA FOR ELEVENTH MEETING
To be Held at Havana on Friday, 2 January 1948
1. Second Reading of Chapter VI
(See document E/CONF.2/C.5/9 for Text).
2. Any other business.
CINQUEME COMISSION : ACCORDS INTERGOUVERNMENTAUX
SUR LES PRODUITS DE BASE
ORDRE DU JOUR DE LA ONZIEME SEANCE
qui se tiendra à La Havane, le vendredi, 2 janvier 1948
1. Deuxième lecture du chapitre VI
(voir le texte dans le document E/C0,qF.2/C.5/9)
2. Questions dL.verses. |
GATT Library | rg011mp8663 | Agenda for Eleventh Meeting : To be Held on Tuesday, 30 December 1947, 10.30 a.m | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 29, 1947 | Third Committee: Commercial Policy and Third Committee: Commercial Policy Sub-Committee A (Articles 16, 17, 18, 19) | 29/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.3/A/W.17 and E/CONF.2/C.3/A/W.1-39 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/rg011mp8663 | rg011mp8663_90190437.xml | GATT_149 | 175 | 1,325 | RESTRICTED
United Nations Nations Unies E/C0NF.2/C.3/A/W.17
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE 29 December 1947
ON DU ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI
THIRD COMMITTEE: COMMERCIAL POLICY
SUB-COMMITTEE A (ARTICLES 16, 17, 18, 19)
AGENDA FOR ELEVENTH MEETING
To be Held on Tuesday, 30 December 1947, 10.30 a.m.
(Note: References are to items. in Revised Annotated Agenda, Section A,
document E/CONF.2/C.3/6)
ARTICLE 17 - REDUCTION OF TARIFFS AND ELIMINATION OF PREFERENCES
1. Amendments to rules for negotiations
Item 42 - adjustment of custom duties to compensate for internal taxes
or charges reduced or eliminated under Articles 18 and 35 (Venezuela)
(see document E/CONF.2/C.3/6, Corr.2)
2. Failure to negotiate; role of Organization (Tariff Committee)
Item 26 - second sentence (Uruguay)
Item 38 - (Uruguay)
Item 39 - (Peru)
Item 43 - (Peru and Uruguay)
3. Relationship of new or existing bilateral agreements to obligations
under Article 17
Items 45 and 47 - (Norway and Geneva Note)
4.Relationship of negotiations leading to General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade to obligations under Article 17
Item 44 - (United States) |
GATT Library | ky144sm0072 | Agenda for Fifth Meeting : To be Held on 31 December, 4.00 p.m., Room K | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 30, 1947 | Third Committee: Commercial Policy and Sub-Committee C: General Commercial Provisions (Articles 32 - 39) | 30/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.3/C/5 and E/CONF.2/C.3/A-E | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/ky144sm0072 | ky144sm0072_90190341.xml | GATT_149 | 472 | 3,103 | United Nations
CONFERENCE
ON
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT
Nations Unies
CONFERENCE
DU
COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI
UNRESTRICTED
E/CONF.2/C .3/C/5
30 December 1947
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
THIRD COMMITTEE: COMMERCIAL POLICY
SUB-COMMITTEE C ON GENERAL COMMERCIAL PROVISIONS (Articles 32 - 39)
AGENDA FOR FIFTH MEETING
To be Held on 31 December, 4.00 p.m., Room K
Chairman: MR. C. E. MORTON (Australia)
(Reference: E/CONF.2/C.3/10)
CONTINUATION OF DISCUSSION OF ARTICLE 32 - FREEDOM OF TRANSIT
Paragraph 5
Note - Geneva Draft (Item 6), m.f.n. treatment with regard to
transport charges.
New Paragraph
Limitation of the time of transit facilities for 'grazing livestock'
(Costa Rica - Item 8)
If Item 8 adopted 'seasonal nomads' to be exempted (Afghanistan -
Item 9)
ARTICLE 33 - ANTI-DUMPING AND COUMTERVAILING DUTIES
Paragraph 1
Definition and condemnation of dumping; definition of margin; redraft
of paragraphs 1 and 2 (Cuba - Item 10)
Condemnation of dumping (Syria and Lebanon - Item 11; Argentina -
Item 12; China - item 13; Mexico - Item 14, withdrawn in favour of the
Cuban amendment, Item 10).
Positive Form of Article 33 (Syria and Lebanon - Item 15)
Hidden dumping (Note - Geneva Draft - Item 16)
Paragraph 2
Offsetting subsidies (Note - Geneva Draft - Item 17)
Paragraph 5
Consultation with and action by the Organization (Denmark - Items 18
and 19); (Syria and Lebanon - Item 23)
Safeguards against abuses (Note - Geneva Draft: Belgium - Luxembourg,
Czechoslovakia, France and Netherlands - Item 20)
/Paragraph 6 E/CONF.2/C .3/C/5
Page 2
Paragraph 6
Deletion of this paragraph (China, India and Pakistan - Item 21;
Mexico - Item 22; Syria and Lebanon - Item 23)
Reference to Article 40 (Note - Geneva Draft - item 24)
Rearrangement of paragraphs (Philippines - Item 25)
ARTICLE 34 - VALUATION FOR CUSTOMS PURPOSES
Paragraph 2
Note - Geneva Draft (Item 26) regarding the expression 'at the
earliest practicable date'.
Deletion of the words 'upon request by another Member' (Argentina -
Item 27).
Paragraph 3
Sub-paragraph (a)
Temporary binding of 'actual value' of goods to be permissible
(Uruguay - Item 28).
Sub - Parragraph (b) - ,,- -i
'Actual value' based on ascertained average value to be-permissible if
a dJumstedin cases of considerable price fluctuation (Child->'ex 9).
Prices 0-ovrnment contracts to be regarded as 'actual value'
(UruguaY- Item 30).
Notes- Geneva Draft:
Item 31 - 'actual value' represented by invoice price
Items 32 and 33 - the expression 'in the ordinary course of trade'
in conJction with 'under full competitive conditions' explained;
Item 34 - the meaning of sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) of paragraph 3.
Paragraph 5
The deletion of this paragraph (Aientina - Item 35).-
Sub-paragraph (d) . .
To apply also in case of a decrease of the amounts of duty payable
Wlrum s -.;
E RWAE '.'.-
Consultation with customs authorities before dispatching th oods
(Uruguay - Item 37). |
GATT Library | cg667bp6723 | Agenda for First Meeting : To be held at 2.30 p.m., Tuesday, 30 December 1947 | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 29, 1947 | First Committee: Employment and Economic Activity and Third Committee: Commercial Policy Sub-Committee C: Proposed Resolution on Employment | 29/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.1/C/2, E/CONF.2/C.1/C/1-4, and C.1/SR.1-13 | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/cg667bp6723 | cg667bp6723_90180267.xml | GATT_149 | 152 | 1,264 | United Nations Nations Unies .2tRI1/CT 2
CONFERNCE CONFERENCE b 29 Decemer 1947
ON DU R INAL - ENGLISH : ZZLISH
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT ETMMERCE cr DE L'EMPLOI
MITTEE: EMPLOMTMNE: ZL0YMET MAND ECONOIC ACTIVITY
TTSUB-CO1TEE C:E PROPOSID BNSOLUTIOERNON INTZMATIONNL ACTIOM
R1IATMPLOYTO ELCTYMENT
OGBDA Fi' FETMIRST MENG
To a atld.eL 2m30 p.=., Tuesday, 30 December 1947
1. Election ofmChairnan.
2. Discussion corcerning the need for, and possible text of, a Resolution
on International Action Relating to employment (see E/CONF.2/C,1/6;
E/CON .2/C.pa1agrDarSreaph 9; E/CONF.2/5; E/CON1.2/1.l/C/l).
RE COM=I COMSSIPLOI EMLOI ET ACTIVITEMECONOiIQUE
SOMI-COMYESSIO: PR F-DEJEESI3 RBEOLUTION SSUR LE MESUTERNATIONMMTIONALES
- OM D LE DMPLAINE DE L'E!8LOI
ORDRE DJ JOERE DE LA PREMIME SEANCE
qui sera tenueéle mardi 30 à6cembre 1947 a 14 h. 30
1. élection du Pr6sident.
2. Discuésion sér la é6cessit6, et 6ventéellement l'u r6daction, dune
resolution relative aux mesures internationales dans le doLaine de
1'emploi (voir E/CONONF/C.1/6; E/C01U.2/C.1/1O, paragraphe 9,
E/NF.F.2.1, //C01V,2/C~l/Cj1) . |
GATT Library | zx394wt7146 | Agenda for First Meeting : To be held Monday, 15 December 1947, 10.30 a.m | United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment, December 13, 1947 | Third Committee: Commercial Policy and Sub-Committee A (Articles 16 and 17) of Committee III A | 13/12/1947 | official documents | E/CONF.2/C.3/A/1 and E/CONF.2/C.3/A-E | https://exhibits.stanford.edu/gatt/catalog/zx394wt7146 | zx394wt7146_90190301.xml | GATT_149 | 173 | 1,234 | United Nations Nations Unies RESTRICTED
CONFERENCE CONFERENCE E/CONF2/C.3/A/1
ON DU 13 December 1947
TRADE AND EMPLOYMENT COMMERCE ET DE L'EMPLOI ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
THIRD COMMITTEE: COMMERCIAL POLICY
SUB-COMMITTEE A (ARTICLES 16 AND 17) OF COMMITTEE III A
AGENDA FOR FIRST MEETING
To be held Monday, 15 December 1947, 10.30 a.m.
1. Election of Chairman
2. Other business
3. Article 16 - General Most-favoured-nation Treatment:
(a) Annex A (pertaining to paragraph 2 (a) of Article 16) -
delete the second paragraph of the note (Cuba).
(b) Annex A - in the second paragraph of the note delete the
words "...or to replace the preferential quantitative arrangements
described in the following paragraph..." (Denmark).
(c) lnnex A - in the third paragraph delete the second sentence
which begins with the words "It is the intention..." (Denmark).
(d) Annex D (pertaining to paragraph 2 (b) of Article 16) - delete
the note (Cuba).
(e) Note appended to Genera Draft (see also note to General
Agreement, Article 1, paragraph 3 appearing in Annex 1, page 75
of Volume 1). |
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