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5.3.4 UAE client
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The UAE client supports interactions with the UAS application specific client(s).
The UAE client provides the client side UAS application layer support functions as below:
- receiving and storing C2 operation mode configurations;
- selecting primary and secondary C2 communication modes based on the configurations;
- switching of C2 communication in emergency scenarios;
- supporting UAV application message communication handling;
- providing the UAE server with the Multi-USS capability;
- receiving and storing Multi-USS and DAA application policies;
- based on Multi-USS policies, switching of UAS application specific server in emergency scenarios.
- determining information of UAVs in proximity of the UAV and providing to the UAE server and/or UAS application specific client; and
- receiving information of UAVs in application defined proximity range/area of the host UAV from UAE server and providing to the UAS application specific client.
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5.3.5 UAE server
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If CAPIF is supported, the UAE server acts as CAPIF's API exposing function to provide service APIs to the UAS application specific server (e.g. USS/UTM) or another UAE server as specified in 3GPP TS 23.222 [3], or acts as CAPIF's API invoker to consume the service APIs provided by another UAE server.
The UAE server provides the server side UAS application layer support functions as below:
- performing group based QoS management for the UAS (i.e. pair of UAV and UAV-C) by using SEAL APIs.
- receiving C2 operation mode configuration from UAS application specific servers (e.g. USS/UTM) and further configuring the UAS UEs (i.e. UAV, UAV-C);
- triggering C2 communication mode switching with the UAS UEs;
- receiving and storing the selected C2 communication modes from the UAS UEs;
- monitoring the real-time status of UAS UEs by using SEAL APIs;
- supporting UAV application message communications between UAVs;
- receiving Multi-USS and DAA application policies from UAS application specific servers and further configuring the UAS UEs (i.e. UAV).
- determining location information of UAVs and providing to the UAE client and/or UAS application specific server; and
- providing information of UAVs in application defined proximity range/area of the host UAV to the UAE client and the UAS application specific server.
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5.3.6 SEAL client
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The following SEAL clients as specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5] are supported:
- Location management client;
- Group management client;
- Configuration management client;
- Identity management client;
- Key management client; and
- Network resource management client.
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5.3.7 SEAL server
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The following SEAL servers as specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5] are supported:
- Location management server;
- Group management server;
- Configuration management server;
- Identity management server;
- Key management server; and
- Network resource management server.
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5.4 Reference points description
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5.4.1 General
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The reference points for the UAS application layer are described in the following clauses.
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5.4.2 U1-AE
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The interactions related to UAS application layer support functions between UAE client and UAE server are supported by U1-AE reference point.
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5.4.3 U1-APP
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The interactions related to UAS applications between UAS application specific client and UAS application specific server are supported by U1-APP reference point. The details of U1-APP reference point is out of scope of the present document.
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5.4.4 U2-AE
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The interactions related to UAS application layer support functions between the UAE clients are supported by U2-AE reference point.
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5.4.5 U2-APP
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The interactions related to UAS applications between UAS application specific clients are supported by U2-APP reference point. The details of U2-APP reference point is out of scope of the present document.
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5.4.6 Us
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The interactions related to UAS application layer support functions between the UAE server and the UAS application specific server are supported by Us reference point. If CAPIF is supported, this reference point is an instance of CAPIF‑2/2e reference point as specified in 3GPP TS 23.222 [3].
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5.4.7 Uc
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The interactions related to UAS application layer support functions between the UAE client and the UAS application specific client are supported by Uc reference point.
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5.4.8 SEAL-C
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The following SEAL-C reference points specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5] are supported:
- LM-C reference point for location management;
- GM-C reference point for group management;
- CM-C reference point for configuration management;
- IM-C reference point for identity management;
- KM-C reference point for key management; and
- NRM-C reference point for network resource management.
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5.4.9 SEAL-S
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The following SEAL-S reference points specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5] are supported:
- LM-S reference point for location management;
- GM-S reference point for group management;
- CM-S reference point for configuration management;
- IM-S reference point for identity management;
- KM-S reference point for key management; and
- NRM-S reference point for network resource management.
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5.4.10 SEAL-PC5
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The following SEAL-PC5 reference points specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5] are supported:
- LM-PC5 reference point for location management;
- GM-PC5 reference point for group management;
- CM-PC5 reference point for configuration management;
- IM-PC5 reference point for identity management;
- KM-PC5 reference point for key management; and
- NRM-PC5 reference point for network resource management.
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5.4.11 SEAL-UU
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The following SEAL-UU reference points specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5] are supported:
- LM-UU reference point for location management;
- GM-UU reference point for group management;
- CM-UU reference point for configuration management;
- IM-UU reference point for identity management;
- KM-UU reference point for key management; and
- NRM-UU reference point for network resource management.
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5.4.12 UAE-E
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The interactions related to UAS application support functions between the UAE servers in a distributed deployment are supported by UAE-E reference point. If CAPIF is supported, this reference point is an instance of CAPIF-2/2e reference point as specified in 3GPP TS 23.222 [3].
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5.5 External reference points
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5.5.1 General
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The reference points between the UAS application layer and the 3GPP network systems (EPS, 5GS) are described in the following clauses.
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5.5.2 Rx
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The reference point Rx supports the interactions between the UAS application server and the PCRF and is specified in 3GPP TS 29.214 [11]. The functions for Rx reference point are supported by the network resource management server of the SEAL.
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5.5.3 MB2-C
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The reference point MB2-C supports the control plane interactions between the UAS application server and the BM-SC and is specified in 3GPP TS 29.468 [12]. The functions for MB2-C reference point are supported by the network resource management server of the SEAL.
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5.5.4 MB2-U
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The reference point MB2-U supports the user plane interactions between the UAS application server and the BM-SC and is specified in 3GPP TS 29.468 [12]. The functions for MB2-U reference point are supported by the UAE server.
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5.5.5 xMB-C
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The reference point xMB-C supports the control plane interactions between the UAS application server and the BM-SC and is specified in 3GPP TS 26.346 [9]. The functions for xMB reference point are supported by the network resource management server of the SEAL.
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5.5.6 xMB-U
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The reference point xMB-U supports the user plane interactions between the UAS application server and the BM-SC and is specified in 3GPP TS 26.346 [9]. The functions for xMB-U reference point are supported by the UAE server.
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5.5.7 T8
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The reference point T8 supports the interactions between the UAS application server and the SCEF and is specified in 3GPP TS 23.682 [8]. The functions of T8 interface are supported by UAE server and the functions related to location management of T8 are supported by the location management server.
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5.5.8 N5
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The reference point N5 supports the interactions between the UAS application server and the PCF and is specified in 3GPP TS 23.501 [6]. The functions of N5 interface are supported by UAE server.
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5.5.9 N33/Nnef
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The reference point N33 supports the interactions between the UAS application server and the NEF and is specified in 3GPP TS 23.501 [6]. Nnef is the service based interface exposed by the NEF as per the N33 reference point. The functions of Nnef interface are supported by UAE server and the functions related to location management of Nnef are supported by the location management server.
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6 Identities
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6.1 General
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This clause describes the identities associated with the entities in the UAS application layer and used in this specification.
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6.2 UAV Identifier (UAV ID)
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The UAV identifier is used to uniquely identify a UAV. The UAV ID is in the form of a 3GPP UE ID (e.g. GPSI, External Identifier) as specified in 3GPP TS 23.501 [6] or CAA level UAV ID as assigned by civil aviation authorities (e.g. FAA) via USS/UTM.
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6.3 UAS Identifier (UAS ID)
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The UAS identifier is used to uniquely identify a pair of UAV and UAV-C collectively known as UAS. The UAS ID is in the form of a Group ID as specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5] or a collection of individual identifiers of the entities in the UAS (e.g. CAA level UAV IDs, 3GPP UE IDs).
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6.4 UAS Application Specific Server Identifier (UASS ID)
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The UAS application specific server identifier is used to uniquely identify the UAS application specific server. The UASS ID is in the form of URI.
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6.5 UAE Server Identifier (UAE Server ID)
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The UAE server identifier is used to uniquely identify the UAE server. The UAE Server ID is in the form of URI.
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7 Procedures and information flows
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7.1 Usage of SEAL services
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7.1.1 General
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The UAE capabilities (UAE client and UAE server) utilize the SEAL services. Also the UAS application specific server(s) may directly utilize the SEAL services. All SEAL services specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5] are available to the UAS application layer (i.e. the UAE layer and the UAS application specific layer).
In this clause, the details of the information flows, procedures and APIs utilized by the UAS application layer are described.
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7.1.2 Group management service
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7.1.2.1 General
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The UAE capabilities (UAE client and UAE server) utilize the group management service procedures (e.g. creation, join, leave) of SEAL based on the group configuration information (e.g. group join policy, group leader) provided by the UAS application specific layer. The decisions and corresponding triggers (e.g. group creation, join, leave) for group management are responsibility of the UAS application specific layer. The group management service of SEAL provides support for creating group for UAS for supporting UAS applications and C2 communications.
The UAS application specific server(s) may directly utilize the group management service procedures of SEAL.
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7.1.2.2 Information flows
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The following information flows of group management service of SEAL as specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5] are applicable for the UAS applications:
- Group creation request specified in clause 10.3.2.1;
- Group creation response specified in clause 10.3.2.2;
- Group creation notification specified in clause 10.3.2.3;
- Group information query request specified in clause 10.3.2.4;
- Group information query response specified in clause 10.3.2.5;
- Group membership update request specified in clause 10.3.2.6;
- Group membership update response specified in clause 10.3.2.7;
- Group membership notification specified in clause 10.3.2.8;
- Group deletion request specified in clause 10.3.2.9;
- Group deletion response specified in clause 10.3.2.10;
- Group deletion notification specified in clause 10.3.2.11;
- Group information request specified in clause 10.3.2.12;
- Group information response specified in clause 10.3.2.13;
- Group information subscribe request specified in clause 10.3.2.14;
- Group information subscribe response specified in clause 10.3.2.15;
- Group information notify request specified in clause 10.3.2.16;
- Group information notify response specified in clause 10.3.2.17;
- Store group configuration request specified in clause 10.3.2.18;
- Store group configuration response specified in clause 10.3.2.19;
- Get group configuration request specified in clause 10.3.2.20;
- Get group configuration response specified in clause 10.3.2.21;
- Subscribe group configuration request specified in clause 10.3.2.22;
- Subscribe group configuration response specified in clause 10.3.2.23;
- Notify group configuration request specified in clause 10.3.2.24;
- Notify group configuration response specified in clause 10.3.2.25;
- Configure VAL group request specified in clause 10.3.2.26;
- Configure VAL group response specified in clause 10.3.2.27;
- Group announcement specified in clause 10.3.2.28;
- Group registration request specified in clause 10.3.2.29;
- Group registration response specified in clause 10.3.2.30;
- Identity list notification specified in clause 10.3.2.31;
- Group de-registration request specified in clause 10.3.2.32; and
- Group de-registration response specified in clause 10.3.2.33.
The usage of the above information flows are clarified as below:
- The identity is the UE ID or CAA level UAV ID;
- The identity list or identities list is the list of UE IDs or CAA level UAV IDs; and
- The VAL server is the UAE server or the UAS application specific server.
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7.1.2.3 Procedures
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The following procedures of group management service of SEAL as specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5] are applicable for the UAS applications:
- Group creation specified in clause 10.3.3;
- Group information query specified in clause 10.3.4;
- Group membership specified in clause 10.3.5;
- Group configuration management specified in clause 10.3.6;
- Group announcement and join specified in clause 10.3.8;
- Group member leave specified in clause 10.3.9;
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7.1.2.4 APIs
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The following APIs of group management service of SEAL as specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5] are applicable for the UAS applications:
- SS_GroupManagement API specified in clause 10.4.2;
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7.1.3 Location management service
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7.1.3.1 General
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The UAE capabilities (UAE client and UAE server) utilize location management (e.g. network location of UEs) service procedures of SEAL to support UAS applications.
The UAS application specific server(s) may directly utilize the location management service procedures of SEAL.
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7.1.3.2 Information flows
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The following information flows of location management service of SEAL as specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5] are applicable for the UAS applications:
- Location reporting configuration request specified in clause 9.3.2.0;
- Location reporting configuration response specified in clause 9.3.2.1;
- Location information report specified in clause 9.3.2.2;
- Location information request specified in clause 9.3.2.3;
- Location reporting trigger specified in clause 9.3.2.4;
- Location information subscription request specified in clause 9.3.2.5;
- Location information subscription response specified in clause 9.3.2.6;
- Location information notification specified in clause 9.3.2.7;
- Location reporting configuration cancel specified in clause 9.3.2.8;
- Get UE(s) information request specified in clause 9.3.2.9;
- Get UE(s) information response specified in clause 9.3.2.10;
- Monitor location subscription request specified in clause 9.3.2.11;
- Monitor location subscription response specified in clause 9.3.2.12; and
- Notify location monitoring event specified in clause 9.3.2.13.
The usage of the above information flows are clarified as below:
- The identity is the UE ID or CAA level UAV ID;
- The identity list or identities list is the list of UE IDs or CAA level UAV IDs; and
- The VAL server is the UAE server or the UAS application specific server.
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7.1.3.3 Procedures
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The following procedures of location management service of SEAL as specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5] are applicable for the UAS applications:
- Event-triggered location reporting procedure specified in clause 9.3.3;
- On-demand location reporting procedure specified in clause 9.3.4;
- Location reporting event triggers configuration cancel specified in clause 9.3.6;
- Location information subscription procedure specified in clause 9.3.7;
- Event-trigger location information notification procedure specified in clause 9.3.8;
- On-demand usage of location information procedure specified in clause 9.3.9;
- Obtaining UE(s) information at a location specified in clause 9.3.10;
- Monitoring Location Deviation specified in clause 9.3.11
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7.1.3.4 APIs
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The following APIs of location management service of SEAL as specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5] are applicable for the UAS applications:
- SS_LocationReporting API as specified in clause 9.4.2;
- SS_LocationInfoEvent API as specified in clause 9.4.3;
- SS_LocationInfoRetrieval API as specified in clause 9.4.4;
- SS_LocationAreaInfoRetrieval API as specified in clause 9.4.5;
- SS_LocationMonitoring API as specified in clause 9.4.6;
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7.1.4 Network resource management service
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7.1.4.1 General
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The UAE capabilities (UAE client and UAE server) and UAS application specific servers utilize network resource management service procedures of SEAL to support UAS applications and C2 communications.
The UAS application specific server(s) may directly utilize the network management service procedures of SEAL.
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7.1.4.2 Information flows
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The following information flows of network resource management service of SEAL as specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5] are applicable for the UAS applications:
- Network resource adaptation request specified in clause 14.3.2.1;
- Network resource adaptation response specified in clause 14.3.2.2;
- Resource request specified in clause 14.3.2.6;
- Resource response specified in clause 14.3.2.7;
- Resource modification request specified in clause 14.3.2.8;
- Resource modification response specified in clause 14.3.2.9;
- Monitoring Events Subscription Request specified in clause 14.3.2.17;
- Monitoring Events Subscription Response specified in clause 14.3.2.18; and
- Monitoring Events Notification message specified in clause 14.3.2.19.
The usage of the information flows are clarified as below:
- The identity is the 3GPP UE ID or CAA level UAV ID;
- The identity list or identities list is the list of 3GPP UE IDs or CAA level UAV IDs; and
- The VAL server is the UAE server or the UAS application specific server.
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7.1.4.3 Procedures
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The following procedures of network resource management service of SEAL specified 3GPP TS 23.434 [5] are applicable for the UAS applications and C2 communications:
- Request for unicast resources at VAL service communication establishment specified in clause 14.3.3.2.1;
- Request for modification of unicast resources specified in clause 14.3.3.2.2;
- Network resource adaptation specified in clause 14.3.3.3.1;
- QoS/resource management capability initiation in network assisted UE-to-UE communications procedure specified in clause 14.3.5.2;
- Coordinated QoS provisioning operation in network assisted UE-to-UE communications procedure specified in clause 14.3.5.3;
- Monitoring Events Subscription procedure specified in clause 14.3.6.2;
- Monitoring Events Notification procedure specified in clause 14.3.6.3;
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7.1.4.4 APIs
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The following APIs of network resource management service of SEAL specified 3GPP TS 23.434 [5] are applicable for the UAS applications and C2 communications:
- SS_NetworkResourceAdaptation API specified in clause 14.4.2;
- SS_EventsMonitoring API specified in clause 14.4.3;
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7.1.5 Network slice capability exposure service
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7.1.5.1 General
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The UAE capabilities (UAE client and UAE server) and UAS application specific servers utilize network slice capability exposure service procedures of SEAL to support UAS applications and C2 communications.
The UAS application specific server(s) may directly utilize the network slice capability exposure service procedures of SEAL.
Specific QoS per planned flight path/waypoint may be requested using network slice optimization described in 3GPP TS 23.435 [14].
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7.1.5.2 Information flows
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The following information flows of network slice capability exposure service of SEAL as specified in 3GPP TS 23.435 [14] are applicable for the UAS applications:
- VAL server policy provisioning request specified in clause 9.5.3.2;
- VAL server policy provisioning response specified in clause 9.5.3.3;
- VAL server policy update request specified in clause 9.5.3.4;
- VAL server policy update response specified in clause 9.5.3.5;
- VAL server policy delete request specified in clause 9.5.3.6;
- VAL server policy delete response specified in clause 9.5.3.7;
- VAL server policy usage reporting data subscribe request specified in clause 9.5.3.8;
- VAL server policy usage reporting data subscribe response specified in clause 9.5.3.9;
- VAL server policy usage reporting data notification specified in clause 9.5.3.10;
- Network slice optimization subscription request specified in clause 9.5.3.11;
- Network slice optimization subscription response specified in clause 9.5.3.12;
- Network slice optimization notification specified in clause 9.5.3.13;
- Network slice optimization report retrieval request specified in clause 9.5.3.14;
- Network slice optimization report retrieval response in clause 9.5.3.15; and
- Policy harmonization subscribe notify specified in clause 9.5.3.16.
The usage of the information flows are clarified as below:
- The identity is the 3GPP UE ID or CAA level UAV ID;
- The identity list or identities list is the list of 3GPP UE IDs or CAA level UAV IDs;
- The VAL server is the UAE server or the UAS application specific server or UAS UE;
- The area of interest comprises geographical information in form of waypoint(s);
- The trigger event comprises time information about the route or time point specifying when the UAV reaches the respective waypoint and the corresponding QoS requirement of each waypoint; and
- The priority comprises priority information about a route/waypoint(s).
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7.1.5.3 Procedures
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The following procedures of network slice capability exposure service of SEAL specified 3GPP TS 23.435 [14] are applicable for the UAS applications and C2 communications:
- VAL server policy provisioning procedure specified in clause 9.5.2.1.1;
- VAL server policy update procedure specified in clause 9.5.2.1.2;
- VAL server policy delete procedure specified in clause 9.5.2.1.3;
- Policy harmonization procedure specified in clause 9.5.2.1.4;
- VAL server policy usage reporting data procedure specified in clause 9.5.2.1.5;
- Network slice optimization based on VAL server policy procedure specified in clause 9.5.2.2;
- Netowrk slice optimization report retrieval procedure specified in clause 9.5.2.3;
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7.1.5.4 APIs
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The following APIs of network slice capability exposure service of SEAL specified 3GPP TS 23.435 [14] are applicable for the UAS applications and C2 communications:
- SS_NSCE_PolicyManagement API specified in clause 9.5.4.1;
- SS_NSCE_NSOptimization API specified in clause 9.5.4.1;
- SS_NSCE_Policy_harmonization API specified in clause 9.5.4.1.
7.1a UAE layer registration
7.1a.1 General
The UAE capabilities provide support for registering UAV/UAV-C at the UAE server. The UAE server uses the registration information to distribute UAE layer messages or UAS application specific layer messages to the appropriate UAS UEs, and to distinguish what capabilities that can be provided to different UAE clients.
7.1a.2 Procedures
7.1a.2.1 UAS UE registration
7.1a.2.1.1 General
This clause describes the procedure for UAS UE (UAV/UAV-C) to register with the UAE server.
7.1a.2.1.2 Procedure
Pre-conditions:
- The UAE client has discovered the UAE server and is aware of the address of the UAE server (e.g. FDQN).
NOTE: How the UAE client is provisioned with the UAE server information is outside the scope of the current document.
- The UAV/UAV-C has already been assigned with the UAV ID.
Figure 7.1a.2.1.1-1: Procedure for registering the UAE client at the UAE server
1. The UAE client sends a registration request to the UAE server.
2. The UAE server performs authentication and authorization check (e.g. based on pre-provisioned security information or by interacting with UAS application specific server (e.g. USS/UTM)).
3. The UAE server sends a registration response to the UAE client indicating success or failure of the registration.
7.1a.2.2 UAS UE deregistration
7.1a.2.2.1 General
This clause describes the procedures for UAS UE (UAV/UAV-C) to deregister at the UAE server.
7.1a.2.2.2 Procedure
Pre-condition:
- The UAE client has already registered with the UAE server as described in clause 7.1a.2.1.
Figure 7.1a.2.2.2-1: Procedure for deregistering the UAE client at the UAE server
1. The UAE client sends a deregistration request to the UAE server.
2. The UAE server sends a deregistration response to the UAE client.
7.1a.2.3 UAS UE registration update
7.1a.2.3.1 General
This clause describes the procedures for UAS UE (UAV/UAV-C) to update its registration with the UAE server.
7.1a.2.3.2 Procedure
Pre-conditions:
- The UAE client has already registered with the UAE server as described in clause 7.1a.2.1.
Figure 7.1a.2.3.1-1: Procedure for registration update by the UAE client at the UAE server
1. The UAE client sends a registration update request to the UAE server.
2. The UAE server sends an acknowledgement to the UAE client.
7.1a.3 Information flows
7.1a.3.1 Registration request
Table 7.1a.3.1-1 describes the information flow for a UAE client to register with the UAE server.
Table 7.1a.3.1-1: Registration request
Information element
Status
Description
UAV ID
M
The identifier of the UAV/UAV-C/LDGS (e.g., 3GPP UE ID or CAA level UAV ID) which initiates the registration request.
UAS UE information
O
UAS UE information like IP address, Multi-USS capability, DAA assist capability, Dual Network-Assisted C2 communication link capability, real time flight path monitoring assistance capability, LDGS capability, NTZ indication capability, etc.
Proposed registration lifetime (NOTE)
O
Proposed registration lifetime.
NOTE: If Proposed registration lifetime IE is not included, then the registration lifetime is valid until explicit deregistration is performed.
7.1a.3.2 Registration response
Table 7.1a.3.2-1 describes the information flow for UAE server to respond for registration request from the UAE client.
Table 7.1a.3.2-1: Registration response
Information element
Status
Description
Result
M
Result from the UAE server in response to registration request indicating success or failure
Registration lifetime
O
The registration lifetime provided by UAE server if registration is successful
7.1a.3.3 Deregistration request
Table 7.1a.3.3-1 describes the information flow for a UAE client to deregister at the UAE server.
Table 7.1a.3.3-1: Deregistration request
Information element
Status
Description
UAV ID
M
The identifier of the UAV/UAV-C (e.g. 3GPP UE ID or CAA level UAV ID) which initiates the deregistration request
7.1a.3.4 Deregistration response
Table 7.1a.3.4-1 describes the information flow for UAE server to respond for deregistration request from the UAE client.
Table 7.1a.3.4-1: Deregistration response
Information element
Status
Description
Result
M
Result from the UAE server in response to the deregistration request
7.1a.3.5 Registration update request
Table 7.1a.3.5-1 describes the information flow for a UAE client to update registration with the UAE server.
Table 7.1a.3.5-1: Registration update request
Information element
Status
Description
UAV ID
M
The identifier of the UAV/UAV-C/LDGS (e.g., 3GPP UE ID or CAA level UAV ID) which initiates the registration request
UAS UE information
M
UAS UE information like IP address, Multi-USS capability, DAA assist capability, Dual Network-Assisted C2 communication link capability, real time flight path monitoring assistance capability, LDGS capability, NTZ indication capability, etc.
Proposed registration lifetime
O
Proposed registration lifetime.
7.1a.3.6 Registration update response
Table 7.1a.3.6-1 describes the information flow for UAE server to respond for registration update request from the UAE client.
Table 7.1a.3.6-1: Registration update response
Information element
Status
Description
Result
M
Result from the UAE server in response to registration update request indicating success or failure
Registration lifetime
O
The registration lifetime provided by UAE server if registration update is successful
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7.2 Communications between UAVs within a geographical area
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7.2.1 General
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This clause describes the procedure for communications between UAVs within a geographical area. The geographical area is from the perspective of the UAV initiating the communication with other UAVs.
The following transport mechanisms can be supported for communications between UAVs within a geographical area:
a. Using unicast Uu.
NOTE: The mechanisms for communications between UAVs using multicast/broadcast Uu and ProSe are out of scope of the current release of the present document.
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7.2.2 Procedures
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7.2.2.1 Communications between UAVs within a geographical area using unicast Uu
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Figure 7.2.2.1-1 illustrates the procedure for communications between UAVs within a geographical area using unicast Uu.
Pre-conditions:
1. The UAE clients of UAVs have successfully registered and connected to the UAE server.
2. The SEAL's LM server information is configured at the UAE server.
Figure 7.2.2.1-1: Communications between UAVs within a geographical area using unicast Uu
1. The UAE client of UAV sends a UAV application message to the UAE server in order to communicate the payload information of the UAV application message to other UAVs in a range of the location corresponding to the UAV.
2. The UAE server obtains the other UAV(s) information in the location of the UAV from the LMS as specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5].
3. Upon receiving the list of other UAV(s), the UAE server sends the payload in UAV application message to each of the UAV via unicast channel.
4. Upon completing step 3, the UAE server may send an acknowledgement to the UAE client.
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7.2.3 Information flows
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7.2.3.1 UAV application message
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Table 7.2.3.1-1 describes the information flow for the UAV application message from UAE client to UAE server and from UAE server to UAE client.
Table 7.2.3.1-1: UAV application message
Information element
Status
Description
UAV ID
M
The identifier of the UAV (e.g. 3GPP UE ID or CAA level UAV ID) which initiates the UAV application message.
Application defined proximity range information (NOTE 2)
M
Description of the range information over which the UAV application message is to be sent.
Application Payload (NOTE 1)
M
Application payload that is to be delivered to the other UAVs
NOTE 1: This IE is provided by the UAS application specific client and its details are out of scope of 3GPP.
NOTE 2: This IE is not included when the UAV application message is sent from UAE server to UAE client.
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7.3 UAV and UAV-C Pairing and C2 QoS Provisioning using Group ID
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7.3.1 General
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This clause describes the procedure for UAV and UAV-C grouping C2 QoS provisioning using subsequent group ID. It also provides the procedure for UAV replacement resulting in group ID update.
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7.3.2 Procedures
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7.3.2.1 Procedure for group creation for one pair of UAV and UAV-C
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Figure 7.3.2.1-1 illustrates a high-level procedure for group creation.
Pre-conditions:
- Both UAV-C and UAV have successfully registered and connected to the UAE server.
- A CAA level UAV ID is already assigned to the UAV-C and UAV.
Figure 7.3.2.1-1: Procedure for group creation for one pair of UAV and UAV-C
1. The UAE server recognizes a unique pair of UAV and UAV-C either by 3GPP UE ID or CAA level UAV ID.
NOTE: The mechanisms for how the UAE server recognizes a pair of UAV-C and UAV is out of scope of the present document.
2. The UAE server sends a group creation request to the SEAL GM server, if there is no pre-assigned group ID, by using the GM-S reference link as specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5] using the procedure defined in clause 10.3. The SEAL GM server creates one group ID for one pair of UAV and UAV-C as specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5].
3. The UAE server uses the returned group ID for UAS for QoS management.
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7.3.2.2 Procedure for group-based approach for C2 QoS provisioning
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Figure 7.3.2.2-1 illustrates a high-level workflow of group-based C2 QoS provisioning.
Pre-conditions:
- Both UAV and UAV-C have registered to 3GPP 5G network respectively. C2 communication is established.
- The procedure specified in clause 7.3.2.1 is performed and the group ID for the UAS group is available at the UAE server.
Figure 7.3.2.2-1: Procedure of group-based approach for C2 QoS provisioning.
1. The UAE server monitors the QoS for the UAS group (which includes a UAV and UAV-C) by SEAL NRM as specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5].
2. In cases where the network condition for C2 communication does not satisfy the pre-defined QoS requirement, the UAE server may choose to send QoS adaptation request to the SEAL NRM server using the NRM-S reference point as specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5]. The QoS adaptation request needs to be sent per group ID for a pair of UAV and UAV-C created in the procedure specified in clause 7.3.2.1. The subsequent network resource adaptation procedure is triggered by the UAE server as specified in clause 14.3.3.3.1 of 3GPP TS 23.434 [5].
3. The UAE client and UAE server established communication based on new QoS requirements as specified in clause 14.3.3.2.1.2 of 3GPP TS 23.434 [5].
4. UAS application layer adapts the updated QoS assignment.
NOTE: The mechanisms for how the UAS application layer is adapting newly assigned QoS is out of scope of the present document.
7.3.2.3 Procedure for group update
Figure 7.3.2.3-1 illustrates the group membership update when UAV-2 is used to replace UAV-1.
Pre-conditions:
- The UAV-C, UAV-1, and UAV-2 are all previously successfully subscribed with 3GPP Core Network and UAS application specific server (e.g. USS/UTM) and have received a 3GPP UE ID (e.g. GPSI) and a CAA level UAV ID.
- The UAV-1 and UAV-C have been grouped by a group ID by SEAL GMS as specified in clause 7.3.2.1.
Figure 7.3.2.3-1: Procedure for group update
1. The UAE server recognizes a new pair of UAV-2 and UAV-C by the new CAA level UAV ID.
NOTE: The mechanisms for how the UAE server recognizes a new pair of UAV-C and UAV is out of scope of the present document.
2. The UAE server sends a group membership update request to the SEAL GM server using the procedure specified in clause 10.3.2.6 of 3GPP TS 23.434 [5]. The SEAL GM server sends a group membership update response as specified in clause 10.3.2.7 of 3GPP TS 23.434 [5].
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7.3.3 Information flows
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The usage of information flows between UAE server and SEAL's Group management Server is specified in clause 7.1.2.2.
The usage of information flows between UAE server and SEAL's Network Resource Management Server is specified in clause 7.1.4.2.
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7.4 C2 Communication mode selection and switching
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7.4.1 General
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This feature introduces the UAS application enablement services for supporting the selection and re-selection of C2 communication modes. In particular, the UAE layer provides support for the following operations:
- Support the switch between two Network-Assisted C2 communications (via different subscriptions/networks) or between a Network-Assisted C2 communication and a Direct C2 communication (e.g. when the direct link becomes feasible/available, or when a UAV is moving towards BVLOS or has poor direct link conditions, etc.) as described in clause 7.4.2.4. For redundancy purposes, two links can be activated to work simultaneously or as active/standby.
- Support the switch between the Network-Assisted/Direct C2 communication and UTM-Navigated C2 communication (e.g. for air traffic control, the UAV is approaching a No Drone Zone, and detected potential security threats, etc.) as described in clause 7.4.2.5.
- Support the selection of the communication mode between: more than one C2 communication links, and among applicable C2 communication links, selecting a mode as the primary one as described in clause 7.4.2.3. If two links are activated to work simultaneously or as active/standby, these links can belong to the same or different networks (dual subscription functionality).
- Activation for the support of the above operations in the UAE Server and in the UAE client performed using procedures described respectively in clause 7.4.2.1 and clause 7.4.2.2.
- Support for C2 direct mode availability reporting to provide the awareness to the UAE server to switch to direct C2 communication if it is possible, as described in clause 7.4.2.4.
Below, the different procedures for C2 communication mode selection and switching are described using UAE Client assisted and UAE Server controlled based mechanisms. Such functionality is supported by means of policies delivered to the UAV/UAV-C via the UAE layer and assisting the dynamic switching of C2 modes.
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7.4.2 Procedures
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7.4.2.1 Management of C2 mode selection / switching capability
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This procedure manages the C2 mode selection/switching capability at the UAE server, based on an application request from UAS application specific server (which can be the USS/UTM) to manage the C2 operation modes (direct, network-assisted, UTM-Navigated) of C2 communication for a UAS.
Figure 7.4.2.1-1 illustrates the procedure where the UAE server receives an application request for managing the operation mode for C2 communications for a UAS.
Pre-condition:
- The UAV has received its UAS ID from the UAS application specific server.
Figure 7.4.2.1-1: C2 operation mode management request / response
1. The UAS application specific server sends to the UAE Server a C2 operation mode management request for managing the operation modes for the C2 communication for a UAS (consisting a UAV and a UAV-C) and to subscribe for UAE notifications. If the C2 operation mode management container is provided, the request shall include the allowed C2 communication modes, the primary C2 communication mode and the policy for C2 switching, and may include the secondary C2 communication mode and the C2 service area. If ProSe/PC5 is supported for direct C2 communications, such request may also include a C2 direct mode availability reporting requirement including the ProSe configuration information for direct C2 operation, the UAV and UAV-C IDs and addresses, and the time for which the monitoring of availability will apply. If Dual Network-Assisted C2 communication link is supported (dual subscription functionality), such request may also include a C2 active/standby configuration information for C2 connectivity of the UAV to select the specific network based on QoS or specific time and also the area for which the respective network connectivity should be valid. Such request may also include a C2 connectivity via both active links via different networks. If Dual UTM-Navigated C2 communications is supported (dual subscription functionality), such request may also include a C2 active/standby configuration information for C2 connectivity of the UAV to select the specific network based on QoS or specific time and also the area for which the respective network connectivity should be valid. Such request may also include a C2 connectivity via both active links via different networks.
2. The UAE Server sends to the UAS application specific server a C2 operation mode management response with a positive or negative acknowledgement of the request, based on capability of UAE server to undertake this task.
3. UAE server executes C2 communication modes configuration according to clause 7.4.2.2.
4. After execution of C2 communication modes configuration, the UAE server notifies the UAS application specific server with a C2 operation mode management complete.
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7.4.2.2 C2 communication modes configuration
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This procedure enables the configuration of the UAE Client, based on an application request from UAS application specific server (which can be the USS/UTM) to manage the C2 operation modes (direct, network-assisted, UTM-Navigated) of C2 communication for a UAS. For redundancy purposes, two links can be activated to work simultaneously or as active/standby. These links can belong to the same or different networks (e.g., dual subscription functionality) see Figure B.2.1-3.
Figure 7.4.2.2-1 illustrates the C2 communication modes configuration procedure.
Pre-conditions:
1. The UAS UEs are connected to 5GS and authenticated and authorized by UAS application specific server as specified in clause 5.2 of 3GPP TS 23.256 [4].
2. UAE Server has established a UAE session with the respective UAE Clients as the UAE clients are successfully registered to the UAE server.
3. UAE Server has performed the C2 mode selection/switching capability initiation as in clause 7.4.2.1.
Figure 7.4.2.2-1: C2 communication modes configuration
1. The UAE Server sends a C2 communication modes configuration request including the UAS identifier. If the C2 operation mode management container is provided, the request shall include the allowed C2 communication modes (e.g., direct, network assisted, UTM-Navigated), the primary C2 communication mode and the policy for C2 switching, and may include the secondary C2 communication mode. The UAE server may configure multiple Network-Assisted C2 communication links if the UAE client has indicated this capability to the UAE server at the UAE layer registration and if the UAE server has received such configuration via procedure described in clause 7.4.2.1. The UAE server may configure multiple UTM-Navigated C2 communication links if the UAE client has indicated this capability to the UAE server at the UAE layer registration and if the UAE server has received such configuration via procedure described in clause 7.4.2.1. In the case of removal of C2 communication mode configuration parameters from the UAV or UAV-C, then the request shall only include the UAS identifier.
2. The UAE Client stores or removes the C2 communication mode configuration parameters as per the information received in step 1.
3. The UAE Client sends a C2 communication modes configuration response to the UAE Server.
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7.4.2.3 C2 communication mode selection by UAE Client
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This procedure provides a mechanism for the UAE client to select a primary C2 communication mode and optional secondary C2 communication mode based on C2 communication mode configuration enabled as described in clause 7.4.2.2. If two links are activated to work simultaneously or as active/standby, these links can belong to the same or different networks (dual subscription functionality). The UAE server can then have access to both networks (using deployment option shown in figure B.2.1-3 (deployment of UAE server with connections to 3GPP network systems in multiple PLMN operator (network) domains)).
Figure 7.4.2.3-1 illustrates the C2 communication mode selection and redundant C2 link negotiation.
Pre-conditions:
1. The UAE Clients are configured with a C2 communication modes configuration as described in clause 7.4.2.2.
2. UAE Server has activated the dynamic C2 mode switching capability, as described in clause 7.4.2.1.
Figure 7.4.2.3-1: C2 communication mode selection
1. UAE Clients (UAV and UAV-C) select a primary and optionally a secondary C2 communication mode based on C2 communication mode configuration. The UAE Client (UAV) may select active connectivity via network 1 or network 2 based on the preconfigured policy for C2 and payload communication. The two links may have been activated to work simultaneously based on specific QoS threshold. The UAE Client (UAV) may also select active/standby connectivity via network 1 or network 2 based on the preconfigured policy for C2 and payload communication or activate both links via both networks simultaneously. The two links can belong to the same or different networks (e.g., dual subscription functionality).
2. The UAE Client sends a C2 communication mode notification to the UAE Server indicating the selected primary and secondary C2 communication modes or the selected active/standby communication modes and the associated C2 link information which may include UAE Client and peer address information (e.g., IP/MAC address).
3. The UAE Server stores the C2 communication modes and links information.
4a-4b. The UAE Server forwards the C2 communication mode and links information to the UAS application specific server and receives a C2 communication mode notification acknowledgement from the UAS application specific server.
5. The UAE Server may forward the C2 communication mode notification acknowledgement to the UAE Client.
6. The UAV and UAV-C start C2 communication using the selected C2 communication mode.
NOTE: The details of step 6 are outside the scope of the present specification.
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7.4.2.4 UAE-layer assisted dynamic C2 mode switching
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This procedure provides a mechanism for supporting dynamic switching between two Network-Assisted C2 communications (via different networks) or two UTM-Navigated C2 communications (via different networks) or between a direct and a network assisted C2 communication or between a direct/network-assisted and UTM-Navigated, which may be required while the UAV flight is ongoing, due to possible change of network conditions, expected location/mobility of the UAV, unpredictable events etc. If two links are activated to work simultaneously or as active/standby, these links can belong to the same or different networks (dual subscription functionality).
Figure 7.4.2.4-1 illustrates the procedure where the UAE server supports the dynamic C2 mode switching for network-assisted C2 communications.
Pre-conditions:
1. UAE Server has activated the dynamic C2 mode switching capability, as described in clause 7.4.2.1
2. UAE Server has subscribed for using SEAL/LMS services and has configured the location event reporting, based on 3GPP TS 23.434 [5]. If two links are configured to work simultaneously or as active/standby, SEAL/LMS must have access to both networks (using deployment option shown in Figure 8.2.2-2 of 3GPP TS 23.434 [5] - deployment of SEAL servers with connections to 3GPP network system in multiple PLMN operators (networks) domains).
3. UAE Client has selected a C2 communication mode as described in clause 7.4.2.3, and UAV and UAV-C are engaged in C2 communication. Two links may have been activated to work simultaneously or as active/standby.
Figure 7.4.2.4-1: UAE-assisted dynamic C2 mode switching
1. The UAE Client detects a condition for switching C2 communication mode based on local conditions (e.g. using the C2 communication mode switching policy) or based on a command from the UAS application specific server (as described in clause 7.4.2.5). A C2-related trigger event report is sent from the UAE Client of the UAV and/or the UAV-C to the UAE Server. The report shall include a command from the UAS application specific server or an application QoS attribute change (experienced or expected) e.g. based on the experienced packet delay or packet loss for the Uu links or the direct link (e.g. packet loss greater than a pre-defined threshold).
If a C2 direct mode availability reporting requirement exists based on clause 7.4.2.1 step 1, the detection of UAV/UAV-C(s) can be based on the PC5 discovery due to the configurations received due procedures in clause 7.4.2.1 and clause 7.4.2.2. In this case, the C2-related trigger event report message shall include also a C2 direct mode availability report including PC5 related configuration information.
2. Additionally, the UAE Server receives a location report for the UAV/UAV-C by the SEAL's LM server. The report can be either periodical or event-based (e.g. UAV moving towards an area covered by a different cell or different operator), as specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5] SEAL's LM server procedures (UAE Server acting as a VAL server).
3. The UAE Server determines the switching of the C2 mode from direct to network assisted or vice versa or to UTM-Navigated. If the switching is from direct to network assisted or vice versa, this is done by calculating the relative actual or expected UAV-to-UAV-C location, as well as other factors like QoS fulfilment/unfulfillment, augmented location, mobility/speed, direction, topography, weather conditions. In case of simultaneous links, UAE Server determines the switching of the C2 mode between two network assisted C2 communications or between two UTM-Navigated C2 communications.
4. The UAE Server sends a C2 mode switching confirmation request to the UAS application specific server, which includes the UAS identifier as well as the cause for switching and the switching option (between two network assisted, between two UTM-Navigated, direct to network-assisted, network-assisted to direct or to UTM-Navigated). The UAE Server sends this request to obtain confirmation from the UAS application specific server before proceeding with switching to UTM-Navigated. This step is optional in the case of switching from direct to network assisted or vice versa.
5. Conditional on Step 3, the UAE Server receives from the UAS application specific server a C2 mode switching confirmation response indicating a positive or negative result for the requested change.
6. The UAE Server sends to the involved UAE Clients, a C2 operation mode switching message which provides an instruction to the UAV and UAV-C to switch between the networks, to network-assisted mode or to direct mode or to UTM-Navigated mode. The UAV and UAV-C start C2 communication using the indicated C2 communication mode (e.g., active link via network 1 or network 2, direct, network assisted, UTM-Navigated).
7. If an emergency switch of the C2 communication is deemed necessary by the UAE Client (e.g. sudden loss of the active C2 link), the UAE Client changes the link prior to the steps 1-6, which are skipped. The UAE Clients send a C2 operation mode switching performed message to the UAE Server to confirm the switching of the C2 communication mode.
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7.4.2.5 UAS application specific server triggered C2 communication mode switching
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This procedure provides a mechanism for supporting dynamic switching between direct or network assisted C2 communications to UTM-Navigated, initiated by the UAS application specific server (which can be the USS/UTM) after detecting a C2 switching condition which may be required while the UAV enters a no-fly zone. For example, the UAS application specific server needs to take over the control of UAV and fly it to safety (see 3GPP TS 22.125 [2] clause 4.2).
Figure 7.4.2.5-1 illustrates a UAS application specific server triggered C2 communication mode switching.
Pre-conditions:
1. UAE Server has activated the dynamic C2 mode switching capability, as described in clause 7.4.2.1. If two links can be activated to work simultaneously or as active/standby, these links can belong to the same or different networks.
2. UAE Client has selected a primary C2 communication mode as described in clause 7.4.2.3, and UAV and UAV-C are engaged in (e.g., direct or network assisted) C2 communication. Two links may have been activated to work simultaneously.
Figure 7.4.2.5-1: UAS application specific server triggered C2 communication mode switching
1. The UAS application specific client is instructed directly by a command from the UAS application specific server to switch to UTM-Navigated mode.
NOTE: This procedure between the UAS application specific server and the UAS application specific client is out of scope of the present document.
2. The UAE Client initiates the procedure described in clause 7.4.2.4.
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7.4.3 Information flows
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7.4.3.1 C2 operation mode management request
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Table 7.4.3.1-1 describes the information flow C2 operation mode management request from the UAS application specific server to the UAE server.
Table 7.4.3.1-1: C2 operation mode management request
Information element
Status
Description
UASS ID
M
Identity of the UAS application specific server which requests the C2 operation mode management. This ID can be the USS/UTM identifier, when the UAS application specific server is the USS/UTM.
UAS ID
M
The identification of the UAS for which the C2 QoS management request applies. This could be in form of identifier for the UAS, e.g group ID; or collection of individual identifiers for the UAV and UAV-C, e.g. CAA level UAV ID, GPSI
C2 operation mode management container (see NOTE 2)
O
The C2 operation mode management container consists of the requirements and policy for C2 operation mode management
> C2 operation mode management requirement
M
Identification of the type of the C2 mode switching to be supported by the UAE server. This can be either from direct to network-assisted C2, or from network-assisted to direct C2 or to UTM-Navigated.
> Allowed C2 communication modes
M
direct, network assisted, UTM-Navigated
> Primary C2 communication mode
M
Primary C2 communication mode (direct, network assisted)
> Secondary C2 communication mode
O
Secondary C2 communication mode (direct, network assisted)
> Policy of C2 switching
M
Parameters for C2 switching
- QoS thresholds on active link
- QoS thresholds on target link
> C2 service area
O
The area where the C2 operation mode management request applies. This can be geographical area, or topological area in which the capability is active.
> C2 direct mode availability reporting requirement
O
A requirement for C2 direct mode reporting.
>> ProSe application codes
O
The ProSe codes used for direct C2 communications. The ProSe codes are used for the ProSe Direct Discovery as specified in3GPP TS 23.256 [4].
>>Time of validity
O
The time for which the C2 direct mode availability/feasibility checking applies.
>>Reporting configuration
O
The configuration of the reporting and periodicity/frequency of reporting required.
> Dual Network-Assisted C2 communication links
O
Support for multiple Network-Assisted C2 communication links.
>> Policy of C2 switching in case of Network-Assisted C2 communication link 1
O
Parameters for C2 switching for Network-Assisted C2 communication link 1:
• QoS threshold needed for C2 communication per subscription/network,
QoS threshold needed for payload (user plane) communication per subscription/network.
>> Policy of C2 switching in case of Network-Assisted C2 communication link 2
O
Parameters for C2 switching for Network-Assisted C2 communication link 2:
• QoS threshold needed for C2 communication per subscription to activate simultaneously both subscriptions/networks,
QoS threshold needed for payload (user plane) communication per subscription to activate simultaneously both subscriptions/networks,
>> C2 service area for Network-Assisted C2 communication link 1
O
The area where the C2 operation mode management request applies. This can be geographical area, or topological area in which the connectivity via subscription/network 1 is active.
>> C2 service area for Network-Assisted C2 communication link 2
O
The area where the C2 operation mode management request applies. This can be geographical area, or topological area in which the connectivity via subscription/network 2 is active.
> Dual UTM-Navigated C2 communication links
O
Support for multiple UTM-Navigated C2 communication links.
>> Policy of C2 switching in case of UTM-Navigated C2 communication link 1
O
Parameters for C2 switching for UTM-Navigated C2 communication link 1:
• QoS threshold needed for C2 communication per subscription/network,
QoS threshold needed for payload (user plane) communication per subscription/network.
>> Policy of C2 switching in case of UTM-Navigated C2 communication link 2
O
Parameters for C2 switching for UTM-Navigated C2 communication link 2:
• QoS threshold needed for C2 communication per subscription to activate simultaneously both subscriptions/networks,
QoS threshold needed for payload (user plane) communication per subscription to activate simultaneously both subscriptions/networks,
>> C2 service area for UTM-Navigated C2 communication link 1
O
The area where the C2 operation mode management request applies. This can be geographical area, or topological area in which the connectivity via subscription/network 1 is active.
>> C2 service area for UTM-Navigated C2 communication link 2
O
The area where the C2 operation mode management request applies. This can be geographical area, or topological area in which the connectivity via subscription/network 2 is active.
NOTE 1: Void
NOTE 2: If C2 operation mode management container IE is not included, it indicates removal of the C2 operation mode management related information.
|
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.4.3.2 C2 operation mode management response
|
Table 7.4.3.2-1 describes the information flow C2 operation mode management response from the UAE server to the UAS application specific server.
Table 7.4.3.2-1: C2 operation mode management response
Information element
Status
Description
Result
M
The positive or negative result of the C2 operation mode management request.
|
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.4.3.3 C2 operation mode management complete
|
Table 7.4.3.3-1 describes the information flow C2 operation mode management complete from the UAE server to the UAS application specific server.
Table 7.4.3.3-1: C2 operation mode management complete
Information element
Status
Description
Result
M
The positive or negative result of the C2 communication mode configuration.
|
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.4.3.4 C2-related trigger event report
|
Table 7.4.3.4-1 describes the information flow C2-related trigger event report from the UAE client (of the UAV or the UAV-C) to the UAE server.
Table 7.4.3.4-1: C2-related trigger event report
Information element
Status
Description
UAE client ID
M
The identifier of the UAE client which indicates the QoS downgrade
UAS UE ID(s)
O
The identifier of the UE ID(s) for which the PC5 connectivity is feasible/available..
Application QoS-related event
M
The report including the expected or actual application QoS / QoE parameters which were change (i.e. latency, throughput, reliability, jitter) of Network-Assisted C2 communication link 1 or UTM-Navigated C2 communication link 1. The event configuration (thresholds, policies) is provided to the UAE client as described in clause 7.4.2.4.
Application QoS-related event of Network-Assisted C2 communication link 2 or UTM-Navigated C2 communication link 2
O
The report including the expected or actual application QoS / QoE parameters which were changed (i.e. latency, throughput, reliability, jitter) of Network-Assisted C2 communication link 2 or UTM-Navigated C2 communication link 2. The event configuration (thresholds, policies) is provided to the UAE client as described in clause 7.4.2.4.
PC5 availability indication
O
The PC5 availability indication for the direct C2 mode.
> PC5 capabilities
O
The PC5/ProSe capabilities and configuration information of the involved UAS UEs.
> PC5 QoS/access information
O
The PC5 QoS (list of PQIs) and access related information (e.g. DRX cycles, resource pools).
> Time of validity
O
The time for which the direct mode is available.
|
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.4.3.5 C2 mode switching confirmation request
|
Table 7.4.3.5-1 describes the information flow C2 mode switching confirmation request from the UAE server to the UAS application specific server.
Table 7.4.3.5-1: C2 mode switching confirmation request
Information element
Status
Description
UAE server ID
M
The identifier of the UAE server which requests the C2 mode switching confirmation from USS/UTM
UAS ID
M
The identification of the UAS. This could be in form of identifier for the UAS, e.g. group ID; or collection of individual identifiers for the UAV and UAV-C, e.g. CAA level UAV ID, GPSI.
C2 operation mode switching type
M
The type of the C2 mode switching to be applied (network-assisted to network-assisted, UTM-Navigated to UTM-Navigated, direct to network-assisted, network-assisted to direct, or UTM-Navigated).
Switching cause
O
Cause information for initiating the switching (e.g. poor radio link quality)
|
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.4.3.6 C2 mode switching confirmation response
|
Table 7.4.3.6-1 describes the information flow C2 mode switching confirmation response from the UAS application specific server (USS/UTM) to the UAE server.
Table 7.4.3.6-1: C2 mode switching confirmation response
Information element
Status
Description
Result
M
The positive or negative result of the C2 mode switching confirmation response.
|
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.4.3.7 C2 operation mode switching
|
Table 7.4.3.7-1 describes the information flow C2 operation mode switching from the UAE server to the UAE client(s) of the affected UAS.
Table 7.4.3.7-1: C2 operation mode switching
Information element
Status
Description
UAE server ID
M
The identifier of the UAE server which instructs the UAS to apply the C2 mode switching.
C2 operation mode switching requirement
M
The type of the C2 mode switching to be applied (network-assisted to network-assisted, UTM-Navigated to UTM-Navigated, direct to network-assisted, or network-assisted to direct).
Time Validity
O
Time validity for the C2 switching requirement
Geographical Area
O
Area for which the C2 switching applies
|
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.4.3.8 C2 communication modes configuration request
|
Table 7.4.3.8-1 describes the information flow C2 communication modes configuration request from the UAE server to the UAE client.
Table 7.4.3.8-1: C2 communication modes configuration request
Information element
Status
Description
UAS ID
M
The identification of the UAS for which the C2 QoS management request applies. This could be in form of identifier for the UAS, e.g. group ID; or collection of individual identifiers for the UAV and UAV-C, e.g. CAA level UAV ID, GPSI.
C2 operation mode management configuration (see NOTE 2)
O
The C2 operation mode management configuration information to be configured at the UAS
> C2 operation mode management requirement
M
Identification of the type of the C2 mode switching to be supported by the UAE server. This can be either from direct to network-assisted C2, or from network-assisted to direct C2 or to UTM-Navigated.
> Allowed C2 communication modes
M
direct, network assisted, UTM-Navigated
> Primary C2 communication mode
M
Primary C2 communication mode (direct, network assisted)
> Secondary C2 communication mode
O
Secondary C2 communication mode (direct, network assisted)
> Policy of C2 switching
M
Parameters for C2 switching
- QoS thresholds on active link
- QoS thresholds on target link
> Dual Network-Assisted C2 communication links
O
Support for multiple Network-Assisted C2 communication links. This information element may only be present if the UAE client has indicated this capability to the UAE server at the UAE layer registration.
>> Policy of C2 switching in case of Network-Assisted C2 communication link 1
O
Parameters for C2 switching for Network-Assisted C2 communication link 1:
• QoS threshold needed for C2 communication per subscription/network,
QoS threshold needed for payload (user plane) communication per subscription/network.
>> Policy of C2 switching in case of Network-Assisted C2 communication link 2
O
Parameters for C2 switching for Network-Assisted C2 communication link 2:
• QoS threshold needed for C2 communication per subscription to activate simultaneously both subscriptions/networks,
QoS threshold needed for payload (user plane) communication per subscription to activate simultaneously both subscriptions/networks.
>> C2 service area for Network-Assisted C2 communication link 1
O
The area where the C2 operation mode management request applies. This can be geographical area, or topological area in which the connectivity via subscription/network 1 is active.
>> C2 service area for Network-Assisted C2 communication link 2
O
The area where the C2 operation mode management request applies. This can be geographical area, or topological area in which the connectivity via subscription/network 2 is active.
> Dual UTM-Navigated C2 communication links
O
Support for multiple UTM-Navigated C2 communication links. This information element may only be present if the UAE client has indicated this capability to the UAE server at the UAE layer registration.
>> Policy of C2 switching in case of UTM-Navigated C2 communication link 1
O
Parameters for C2 switching for UTM-Navigated C2 communication link 1:
• QoS threshold needed for C2 communication per subscription/network,
QoS threshold needed for payload (user plane) communication per subscription/network.
>> Policy of C2 switching in case of UTM-Navigated C2 communication link 2
O
Parameters for C2 switching for UTM-Navigated C2 communication link 2:
• QoS threshold needed for C2 communication per subscription to activate simultaneously both subscriptions/networks,
QoS threshold needed for payload (user plane) communication per subscription to activate simultaneously both subscriptions/networks.
>> C2 service area for UTM-Navigated C2 communication link 1
O
The area where the C2 operation mode management request applies. This can be geographical area, or topological area in which the connectivity via subscription/network 1 is active.
>> C2 service area for UTM-Navigated C2 communication link 2
O
The area where the C2 operation mode management request applies. This can be geographical area, or topological area in which the connectivity via subscription/network 2 is active.
NOTE 1: Void
NOTE 2: If C2 operation mode management configuration IE is not included, it indicates removal of the C2 operation mode management configuration at the UAS ID.
|
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.4.3.9 C2 communication modes configuration response
|
Table 7.4.3.9-1 describes the information flow C2 communication modes configuration response from the UAE client to the UAE server.
Table 7.4.3.9-1: C2 communication modes configuration response
Information element
Status
Description
Result
M
The positive or negative result of reception and storing or removal of the communication mode configuration parameters
|
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.4.3.10 C2 communication mode notification
|
Table 7.4.3.10-1 describes the information flow C2 communication mode notification from the UAE client to the UAE server and from the UAE server to the UAS application specific server.
Table 7.4.3.10-1: C2 communication mode notification
Information element
Status
Description
UAS ID
M
The identification of the UAS. This could be in form of identifier for the UAS, e.g. group ID; or collection of individual identifiers for the UAV and UAV-C, e.g. CAA level UAV ID, GPSI.
Selected primary C2 communication mode
M
Selected primary C2 communication mode (direct, network assisted, UTM-Navigated or via specific subscription)
Selected secondary C2 communication mode
O
Selected secondary C2 communication mode (direct, network assisted, UTM-Navigated or via specific subscription)
|
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.4.3.11 C2 communication mode notification acknowledgement
|
Table 7.4.3.11-1 describes the information flow C2 communication mode notification acknowledgement from the UAE server to the UAE client and from the UAS application specific server to the UAE server.
Table 7.4.3.11-1: C2 communication mode notification acknowledgement
Information element
Status
Description
Acknowledgement
M
Acknowledgement of selected C2 communication mode(s)
|
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.4.3.12 C2 operation mode switching performed
|
Table 7.4.3.12-1 describes the information flow C2 operation mode switching performed from the UAE client to the UAE server.
Table 7.4.3.12-1: C2 operation mode switching performed
Information element
Status
Description
Result
M
The result of the C2 mode switching
|
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.5 Real-Time UAV Connection Status Monitoring and Location reporting
| |
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.5.1 General
|
This clause enables the UAE server to provide a real-time view of UAV network status and location reporting based on current network connection status, in particular with the supporting of following use cases:
- Support of real-time monitor the 3GPP network connection with UAVs.
- Support of reporting of loss of communication with UAVs.
- Support of location reporting such as last known location after loss of communication.
|
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.5.2 Procedures
| |
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.5.2.1 Procedure for real-time UAV network connection status monitoring and location update
|
Figure 7.5.2.1-1 illustrates the real-time network monitoring and location update support for UAV operations.
Pre-conditions:
- UAE server has subscribed to the monitoring event API for connection monitoring by the NRM server for both UAV and/or UAV client as specified in clause 14.3.6.2.2 of 3GPP TS 23.434 [5].
- UAE server has subscribed for the location information and location deviation monitoring events of UAV from LM server as per the clause 9.3.7 and clause 9.3.11.2 specified in 3GPP TS 23.434 [5].
- Subscription for real-time UAV status information is performed as specified in clause 7.5.2.2.
Figure 7.5.2.1-1: Real-time UAV network connection status monitoring and location update
1. The UAE server receives location report and location deviation monitoring event notifications from LM server as specified in clause 9.3.8 and clause 9.3.11.2 of 3GPP TS 23.434 [5]. UAE server shall record the current location reporting timestamp as specified in clause 9.3.2.2 of 3GPP TS 23.434 [5].
2. The UAE server receives monitoring events notification as specified in clause 14.3.6.3.2 of 3GPP TS 23.434 [5]. If events are regarding loss of UE reachability such as when received "Loss_of_connectivity_notification", the UAE server shall record such event with current timestamp.
3. NRM server sends notification when UE re-connected status is detected as specified in clause 14.3.6.3.2 of 3GPP TS 23.434 [5].
4. The UAE server shall record such event with current timestamp, plus with last known location information and timestamp as specified in clause 9.3.2.7 of 3GPP TS 23.434 [5] and trigger location update as specified in clause 9.3.4 of 3GPP TS 23.434 [5].
|
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.5.2.2 Subscription for real-time UAV status information
|
Figure 7.5.2.2-1 describes the procedure for subscription for real-time UAV status information.
Pre-condition:
- UAS application specific server has been provisioned with UAE server information.
Figure 7.5.2.2-1: Subscription for real-time UAV status information
1. The UAE application specific server sends subscribe real-time UAV status information request to the UAE server. The request includes one or more UAV ID(s).
2. The UAE server stores the subscription information.
3. The UAE server sends subscription response to the UAS application specific server.
|
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.5.2.3 Notification of real-time UAV status information
|
Pre-conditions:
- UAS application specific server has performed subscription as per procedure in clause 7.5.2.2 with UAE server and the procedure for processing real-time UAV status as specified in clause 7.5.2.1 has performed.
Figure 7.5.2.3-1: Notification for real-time UAV status information
1. When real-time UAV status information is available at the UAE as per the subscription then, the UAE server sends notification of one or more real-time UAV(s) status information to the UAS application specific server.
|
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.5.2.4 Unsubscription for real-time UAV status information
|
Figure 7.5.2.4-1 describes the procedure for unsubscription for real-time UAV status information.
Pre-condition:
- UAS application specific server has performed the subscription procedure as specified in clause 7.5.2.2.
Figure 7.5.2.4-1: Unsubscription for real-time UAV status information
1. The UAE application specific server sends unsubscribe real-time UAV status information request to the UAE server. The request includes the subscription ID.
2. The UAE server cancels the subscription information.
3. The UAE server sends unsubscription response to the UAS application specific server.
|
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.5.3 Information flows
| |
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.5.3.1 Information flows between UAE server and SEAL servers
|
The usage of information flows between UAE server and SEAL's Location Management Server is specified in clause 7.1.3.2.
The usage of information flows between UAE server and SEAL's Network Resource Management Server is specified in clause 7.1.4.2.
|
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.5.3.2 Subscribe real-time UAV status information request
|
Table 7.5.3.2-1 describes the information flow for a UAS application specific server to subscribe to real-time UAV status information at the UAE server.
Table 7.5.3.2-1: Subscribe real-time UAV status information request
Information element
Status
Description
UASS ID
M
The identifier of the UAS application specific server which initiated this request.
UAV ID (s)
M
The identifier of one or more UAV(s) (e.g. 3GPP UE ID or CAA level UAV ID) for which the real-time UAV status is requested.
Area of Interest
M
Geographic area location information where the UASS server wishes to monitor the UAS's location adherence.
Notification Target URI
M
Target URI where the UAS application specific server wishes to receive the notifications about real-time UAV status information.
|
19da2a74570834d986caa9f57137c28d
|
23.255
|
7.5.3.3 Subscribe real-time UAV status information response
|
Table 7.5.3.3-1 describes the information flow for UAE server to respond for real-time UAV status subscription request from the UAS application specific server.
Table 7.5.3.3-1: Subscribe real-time UAV status information response
Information element
Status
Description
Result
M
Result from the UAE server in response to subscription request indicating success or failure
Subscription ID (NOTE)
O
Identifier of a successful subscription.
NOTE: This IE is included when the Result indicates success
|
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