id
int64 0
4.51M
| text
stringlengths 1
10.1k
| doc_id
stringlengths 2
9
|
|---|---|---|
4,509,400 | The magnitude of electrostatic interactions in inhibitor binding and during catalysis by ribonuclease A. It is demonstrated that a model of nucleotide binding to ribonuclease A similar to that proposed by Hammes and coworkers (G. G. Hammes (1968), Adv. Protein Chem. 23, 1) is at least, approximately applicable for both cyclic nucleotide substrates and mononucleotide inhibitors at pH values less than or equal to 6.5 and as a function of ionic strength. Calorimetric data on various inhibitors show that the binding reaction can be thermodynamically dissected into a contribution arising from van der Waal's interaction of the nucleoside moiety, characterized by a large negative enthalpy change, and a contribution arising from electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged phosphate group of the inhibitor and the positively charged protein fabric, characterized by a large positive unitary entropy change. Assuming a catalytic mechanism involving the formation of a dianionic pentacoordinated phosphate transition state intermediate, the magnitude of the effect of electrostatic interactions on the overall rate enhancement by the enzyme is estimated to be 2 times 10(2) to 10(6). It is suggested that this effect, along with substrate approximation effects, is sufficient to "explain" the catalytic behavior of the enzyme. | 24317361 |
4,509,401 | Differential effects of systemically administered ketamine and lidocaine on dynamic and static hyperalgesia induced by intradermal capsaicin in humans. We have examined the effect of systemic administration of ketamine and lidocaine on brush-evoked (dynamic) pain and punctate-evoked (static) hyperalgesia induced by capsaicin. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, we studied 12 volunteers in three experiments. Capsaicin 100 micrograms was injected intradermally on the volar forearm followed by an i.v. infusion of ketamine (bolus 0.1 mg kg-1 over 10 min followed by infusion of 7 micrograms kg-1 min-1), lidocaine 5 mg kg-1 or saline for 50 min. Infusion started 15 min after injection of capsaicin. The following were measured: spontaneous pain, pain evoked by punctate and brush stimuli (VAS), and areas of brush-evoked and punctate-evoked hyperalgesia. Ketamine reduced both the area of brush-evoked and punctate-evoked hyperalgesia significantly and it tended to reduce brush-evoked pain. Lidocaine reduced the area of punctate-evoked hyperalgesia significantly. It tended to reduce VAS scores of spontaneous pain but had no effect on evoked pain. The differential effects of ketamine and lidocaine on static and dynamic hyperalgesia suggest that the two types of hyperalgesia are mediated by separate mechanisms and have a distinct pharmacology. | 31265661 |
4,509,402 | Dreams for the Second Half of Life Abstract Dreams in midlife and old age can reveal a process of spiritual growth described by Tornstam as gerotranscencence. This same process of inner growth has also been described in theoretical terms as self-actualization (Maslow), ego-integrity (Erikson), and individuation (Jung). The process is illustrated through dream symbols of transpersonal development, displaying the duality of self-fulfillment and self-transcendence. In lifespan development terms this process can be studied in detail in the autobiography of Helen Luke. The interpretation of dreams has importance for what has recently come to be known as “Conscious Aging”. | 24168511 |
4,509,403 | Uml-Based Modeling and Analysis of Security Threats Poor design has been a major source of software security problems. Rigorous and designer-friendly methodologies for modeling and analyzing secure software are highly desirable. A formal method for software development, however, often suffers from a gap between the rigidity of the method and the informal nature of system requirements. To narrow this gap, this paper presents a UML-based framework for modeling and analyzing security threats (i.e. potential security attacks) rigorously and visually. We model the intended functions of a software application with UML statechart diagrams and the security threats with sequence diagrams, respectively. Statechart diagrams are automatically converted into a graph transformation system, which has a well-established theoretical foundation. Method invocations in a sequence diagram of a security threat are interpreted as a sequence of paired graph transformations. Therefore, the analysis of a security threat is conducted through simulating the state transitions from an initial state to a final state triggered by method invocations. In our approach, designers directly work with UML diagrams to visually model system behaviors and security threats while threats can still be rigorously analyzed based on graph transformation. | 207130811 |
4,509,404 | Steered molecular dynamics simulations for uncovering the molecular mechanisms of drug dissociation and for drug screening: A test on the focal adhesion kinase Drug‐binding kinetics could play important roles in determining the efficacy of drugs and has caught the attention of more drug designers. Using the dissociation of 1H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐b]‐pyridines from the focal adhesion kinase as an example, this work finds that steered molecular dynamics simulations could help screen compounds with long‐residence times. It also reveals a two‐step mechanism of ligand dissociation resembling the release of ADP from protein kinase A reported earlier. A phenyl group attaching to the pyrrole prolongs residence time by creating a large activation barrier for transition from the bound to the intermediate state when it becomes exposed to the solvent. Principal component analysis shows that ligand dissociation does not couple with large‐scale collective motions of the protein involving many of its amino acids. Rather, a small subset of amino acids dominates. Some of these amino acids do not contact the ligands directly along the dissociation pathways and could exert long‐range allosteric effects. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | 3605361 |
4,509,405 | Keratoacanthoma of the Head and Neck Four representative cases of keratoacanthoma of the head and neck are presented; one of which contained squamous cell carcinoma at its base. Although keratoacanthoma has become recognized as a distinct clinical entity, its similarities to squamous cell carcinoma frequently result in difficult diagnosis. A discussion of the disease spectrum, diagnosis and management is presented. Prompt and complete surgical excision of head and neck keratoacanthoma is recommended. | 33860411 |
4,509,406 | The inner of the two Muc2 mucin-dependent mucus layers in colon is devoid of bacteria We normally live in symbiosis with ∼1013 bacteria present in the colon. Among the several mechanisms maintaining the bacteria/host balance, there is limited understanding of the structure, function, and properties of intestinal mucus. We now demonstrate that the mouse colonic mucus consists of two layers extending 150 μm above the epithelial cells. Proteomics revealed that both of these layers have similar protein composition, with the large gel-forming mucin Muc2 as the major structural component. The inner layer is densely packed, firmly attached to the epithelium, and devoid of bacteria. In contrast, the outer layer is movable, has an expanded volume due to proteolytic cleavages of the Muc2 mucin, and is colonized by bacteria. Muc2−/− mice have bacteria in direct contact with the epithelial cells and far down in the crypts, explaining the inflammation and cancer development observed in these animals. These findings show that the Muc2 mucin can build a mucus barrier that separates bacteria from the colon epithelia and suggest that defects in this mucus can cause colon inflammation. | 29182411 |
4,509,407 | l’Optimisme and youth mental health: has it attained Voltaire’s ‘best of all possible worlds’? Objective: Youth mental health has been politicised by high-profile health advocates, and often leads the Australian national policy agenda. The ensuing debate is being conducted at multiple levels: scientific, clinical, economic and political. These levels interact, and we explore how scholars’ experiences with early intervention (EI) shape their roles as health advocates and political lobbyists. Conclusions: Health advocacy influences major government decisions. EI researchers have been successful as health advocates in Australia, attracting substantial government funding for selected youth mental health programmes. Positive experiences with the short-term gains of EI might encourage the necessary optimism amongst researchers for successful health advocacy. However, as medical experts, clinicians are aware that most patients and carers face a huge burden from schizophrenia, even after high-quality EI. These patients require fully integrated and well-funded mental healthcare across the lifespan. | 221863711 |
4,509,408 | Volt/Var Control of Solar Photovoltaic System The current changes in distribution network topologies due to increasing loads and distributed energy resources cause voltage-increased possibilities for variations. Furthermore, power variation and reverse power flow phenomena may increase terminal voltage variations at the distributing energy resources. As the performance of the distribution power network depends on the voltage profile, controlling the terminal voltage of the resources in the distribution networks has great importance. This paper describes a voltage control within the inverter of a photovoltaic system to keep the terminal voltage magnitude within acceptable ranges through injecting or absorbing reactive power. Also, the inverter prioritizes the active and reactive power based on the terminal voltage level and its power output and controls both active and reactive power independently. This scheme is regarded as volt/var control. The synchronous rotating dq reference frame has been used for controller modeling and design and electromagnetic transient simulation has been exploited to simulate the proposed control system to verify its ability to eliminate the voltage variation. | 245594611 |
4,509,409 | Background subtraction for object detection under varying environments Background subtraction is widely used for extracting unusual motion of object of interest in video images. In this paper, we propose a fast and flexible approach of object detection based on an adaptive background subtraction technique that also effectively eliminates shadows based on color constancy principle in RGB color space. This approach can be used for both outdoor and indoor environments. Our proposed method of background subtraction makes use of multiple thresholding technique for detecting object of interests for any given scene. Once the moving object has been detected from the complex background, then the shadows are detected and eliminated by considering some environmental parameters. | 2264571 |
4,509,410 | A Distributed Gateway Selection Algorithm for UAV Networks In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been widely adopted in military and civilian applications. For small UAVs, cooperation based on communication networks can effectively expand their working area. Although the UAV networks are quite similar to the traditional mobile ad hoc networks, the special characteristics of the UAV application scenario have not been considered in the literature. In this paper, we propose a distributed gateway selection algorithm with dynamic network partition by taking into account the application characteristics of UAV networks. In the proposed algorithm, the influence of the asymmetry information phenomenon on UAVs' topology control is weakened by dividing the network into several subareas. During the operation of the network, the partition of the network can be adaptively adjusted to keep the whole network topology stable even though UAVs are moving rapidly. Meanwhile, the number of gateways can be completely controlled according to the system requirements. In particular, we define the stability of UAV networks, build a network partition model, and design a distributed gateway selection algorithm. Simulation results show using our proposed scheme that the faster the nodes move in the network, the more stable topology can be found, which is quite suitable for UAV applications. | 14850271 |
4,509,411 | [Preparation of Magnetized Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Magnetic Liposomes to Enhance Their Retention in Targeted Tissue -Evaluation of Retention and Anti-inflammatory Efficiency in Skeletal Muscle]. Magnetic nanoparticle-incorporated liposomes (magnetic liposomes) are considered a promising site-specific drug delivery carrier. Although there are many reports on the development of magnetic liposomes, most of them focus on the characteristics of magnetic nanoparticles, rather than liposomes. Therefore, we first evaluated the effect of the physicochemical properties of magnetic liposomes on their interaction with cells. The highest cellular uptake and retention under a magnetic field was observed using small magnetic cationic liposomes. However, magnetic cationic liposomes exhibited strong cytotoxicity. Based on these results, we constructed complexes of less toxic magnetic anionic liposomes (Mag-AL) and atelocollagen (ATCOL), a biocompatible cationic biomaterial. The cellular associated amount of Mag-AL under a magnetic field was significantly increased when Mag-AL was complexed with ATCOL, and it was comparable to that of magnetic cationic liposomes. Additionally, Mag-AL/ATCOL complexes produced no cytotoxic effect. Moreover, liver accumulation of Mag-AL/ATCOL complexes was significantly increased at a magnetic field-exposed region after intravenous injection in rats. These results indicate that Mag-AL/ATCOL complexes may be a safe and efficient magnetic responsive drug carrier. Next, we applied Mag-AL/ATCOL complexes to prepare magnetized cells for effective cell therapy. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have the capacity to suppress tissue inflammation, were efficiently magnetized by incubation with Mag-AL/ATCOL complexes under a magnetic field. Intramuscularly injected magnetized MSCs were significantly retained in mouse skeletal muscle in the presence of a magnetic field and modulated tissue inflammatory responses. | 253301971 |
4,509,412 | These results suggest that magnetized MSCs are useful for muscle regeneration. | 253301971 |
4,509,413 | Receiver Design for SIMO-OFDM Systems with Insufficient Cyclic Prefix We investigate orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems that operate with limited or insufficient cyclic prefix (CP). Using a shorter CP can enable a significant reduction in bandwidth usage or enable range extension for OFDM networks. The cost is increased inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-carrier interference (ICI). Here, the effect of ICI and ISI on the received signal is analyzed. We then propose a two-stage detector for single input multiple output (SIMO) systems with two receive antennas. Taking advantage of the spatial diversity, the first detection stage uses a low complexity zero-forcing (ZF) or minimum mean square error (MMSE) method to estimate the transmitted data for aiding the second stage trellis based detector. The proposed schemes provide satisfactory performance for delay spreads up to 3.5 times the CP. | 7844871 |
4,509,414 | Effect of several growth factors on plasminogen activator activity in granulosa and theca cells of the domestic hen. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of several growth factors on plasminogen activator (PA) activity in granulosa and theca cells collected from the largest preovulatory follicle in the hen ovary and to determine the involvement of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or protein kinase C, or both, in mediating the actions of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on granulosa PA activity. The granulosa cells were treated with increasing concentrations of: EGF (.33 to 16.4 nM); insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I, 2.61 to 131 nM); fibroblast growth factor (FGF, .15 to 7.5 nM); or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF, .02 to 1 nM). The treatments resulted in a dose-dependent increase in both cell-associated and secreted enzyme activity. The stimulatory effects of IGF-I (131 nM), however, were not mimicked with an equimolar concentration of the related peptide, insulin-like growth factor II. By contrast, theca cell PA activity was not significantly altered by EGF (16.4 nM), IGF-I (131 nM), FGF (7.5 nM), or PDGF (1 nM). Accumulation of cAMP was measured following exposure of granulosa cells to luteinizing hormone (LH, 10 ng, used as a positive control) or to EGF (16.4 and 164 nM) in the presence of .1 mM isobutylmethylxanthine. A 5-fold increase in cAMP levels was observed in response to LH; however, granulosa cell cAMP production was not altered by the presence of EGF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) | 3610121 |
4,509,415 | Growth and modulus of elasticity of pine species and hybrids three years after planting in South Africa Growth data and modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 11 different pine species and hybrids were examined at six sites in three regions in South Africa. Growth traits and three MOE variables were measured at three years of age in order to evaluate whether other potential pine species were more suitable than the current commercial species. There were strong observed species differences for all three MOE variables both within and across the four sites measured for wood properties, with across-site MOE ranging from 3.03 to 6.40 GPa. Green density varied among species, and an assumed constant green density of 1 000 kg m–3 underestimated MOE for species with a very high green density; similarly, for species with a very low green density, MOE was overestimated. Although survival was poor at several sites, the data shows that there are alternative pine species that exhibit comparable growth rates to the current commercial species. For estimating MOE, it is concluded that assuming a constant green density generally does not affect the species ranking, but if the aim is to find the ‘true’ MOE, sampling in the field to determine the appropriate green density is needed. | 229372271 |
4,509,416 | Automation of the birth registry log book. If available resources are limited, a computer novice with basic computer skills can develop and implement an electronic database management system. Commitment and determination to automate manual record keeping of birth registry data are crucial. Some of the database software systems available today were designed to be user friendly. Product reviews published in personal computer magazines will assist an end user to find such user-friendly programs. Once a system is selected and implemented, data can be easily retrieved and used for simple to advanced database functions. Hospital statistics, state-required maternity statistical reports, and research, quality assurance/quality improvement, staffing justification, market research, and critical path variance reports will benefit from the wide array of data manipulation techniques. | 37864871 |
4,509,417 | Improving meeting capture by applying television production principles with audio and motion detection Video recordings of meetings are often monotonous and tedious to watch. In this paper, we report on the design, implementation and evaluation of an automated meeting capture system that applies television production principles to capture and present videos of small group meetings in a compelling manner. The system uses inputs from a motion capture system and microphones to drive multiple pan-tilt-zoom cameras and uses heuristics to frame shots and cut between them. An evaluation of the system indicates that its performance approaches that of a professional crew while requiring significantly fewer human resources. | 1308121 |
4,509,418 | Studies on the mechanism of hypoglycemia induced by intrathecal morphine: dissociation from behavioral effects, effects of tolerance and depletion of liver glycogen. To characterize further the hypoglycemic effect of intrathecally (i.t.) administered morphine, species and drug specificity, effects of morphine-induced tolerance and pentobarbital-induced anesthesia and effects on liver glycogen were studied in nonfasted animals. In rats, morphine (125 micrograms i.t.) produced the same behavioral toxicity (scratching, biting, seizures) and hypoglycemia as previously reported in mice. In mice, the glycine antagonist strychnine (5 micrograms i.t.) and the morphine metabolite morphine-3-glucuronide (2 micrograms i.t.) mimicked the behavioral, but not the hypoglycemic, effects of high-dose i.t. morphine. Kainic acid (0.1 micrograms i.t.), which caused high-frequency hindlimb movements, also did not cause hypoglycemia. Naltrexone (1 mg/kg/ s.c.) or the s.c. implantation of morphine pellets for 3 days attenuated the hypoglycemic effect, but not the behavioral effects, of morphine (40 micrograms i.t.). The hyperglycemic effect of s.c. morphine(20 mg/kg) was blocked by i.t. morphine. Anesthesia with pentobarbital (75 mg/kg i.p.) attenuated the hypoglycemic effect of morphine (40 micrograms i.t.). Morphine i.t. also caused a time- and dose-dependent decrease in liver glycogen levels and was more potent in causing glycogenolysis (30 min ED50 = 19 micrograms) than in causing hypoglycemia (30 min ED50 = 30 micrograms). It is concluded that the hypoglycemic effect of i.t. morphine appears to be independent of its behavioral effects, displays tolerance and is accompanied by hepatic glycogen depletion. | 3187871 |
4,509,419 | Laryngeal Dystonia: A Series with Botulinum Toxin Therapy Laryngeal dystonia is a syndrome characterized by action-induced, involuntary spasms of the laryngeal muscles. Most patients have involvement of the adductor laryngeal muscles producing uncontrolled spasms during phonation, and a “strain-strangle” speech pattern commonly termed “spastic dysphonia.” Other patients have involvement of the abductor muscles producing “whispering dysphonia.” Rare patients have paradoxical vocal cord motion during respiration with adductor spasms on inspiration. Over the past 5 years we have used botulinum toxin (BOTOX) to treat more than 200 patients with laryngeal dystonia. This group includes patients with adductor involvement (phonatory dystonia, recurrent laryngeal nerve section failure, respiratory dystonia) and those with abductor involvement (whispering dystonia). Patients received benefit within 24 to 72 hours, with sustained improvement for 2 to 9 months with an average of 4 months. Patients improved to an average of 90% of normal function. Clinically significant adverse effects included extended breathy dysphonia and mild choking on fluids. BOTOX has become our treatment of choice for dystonic conditions of the larynx. | 31814921 |
4,509,420 | Republished: Onyx extrusion through the scalp after embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula A man in his sixties referred with symptoms of episodic left lip numbness and left arm weakness was diagnosed with a Borden type 3 dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) on DSA. Successful Onyx embolization of the DAVF was performed via the distal left occipital artery using an ev3 Apollo detachable tip microcatheter. He underwent surgical obliteration for the residual DAVF 3 days later. Three months later during a routine postoperative clinic visit, the patient produced a plastic bag containing multiple small pieces of Onyx cast and the detached tip of the Apollo microcatheter that had extruded out from his scalp through small spontaneous holes about 5 weeks after the embolization procedure. This spontaneous extrusion of Onyx can be alarming to the patient not expecting it; however, prior knowledge and discussion can lessen the anxiety of both the treating physician and the patient dealing with such a situation. | 19458771 |
4,509,421 | The past, present and future of the video game cinematic: a look at the evolution of the video game cinematic and its impact on the industry Balson, Aitken, Chamberlain, Vu, Ward and Jablonski comprise the top minds on the world of video game marketing and narrative content, having delivered trailers and cinematics for some of the area's most critically applauded work over the last three decades. In this talk they will discuss the tools, processes and technology that makes their work possible while also exploring a conversation that will seek to look at the creative and economic contexts that has underpinned their work. They will reveal the "what", "who" and "why" behind the creation of both game trailers and cinematics, shedding light on a growing sector that has often been applauded but rarely analyzed. Audiences will come away with a deeper understanding of video game trailer and cinematic animation; how the work in the area has crystallized into a distinct sub-genre; and why the future looks to propel this style of work beyond the boundaries of the video game and into new territory. | 51977121 |
4,509,422 | Spatial and In-Depth Distribution of Soil Salinity and Heavy Metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu) in Arable Irrigated Soils in Southern Kazakhstan Most irrigated lands in the Republic of Kazakhstan are in its southern part, in the large deltas and ancient alluvial plains in the basins of the rivers Syr Darya and Ili. The combination of climatic features and anthropogenic pressures leads to increased salinity and contamination of cultivated soils in this region, resulting in a qualitative and quantitative decline in crop production. The study’s primary goal was to assess soil secondary salinity and selected heavy metals (Pb, Zn, Cd, Ni and Cu) contamination in irrigated arable soils. To identify the potential source of soil pollution, we compared the concentration of salt and heavy metals (both total and mobile forms) in different soil types in three depths of soil profiles obtained from irrigated cultivated and non-cultivated (abounded) territory in the Shauldara massif in the southern part of Kazakhstan. All studied soils are prone to secondary salinization with either a medium or high content of sum of salts with domination by Na+ among cations and by SO42− among anions. The soil contamination with heavy metals was low, and, in most cases, except for cadmium, it was below the limits developed for arable soils in most countries. Soil contamination with cadmium results from contamination of the water used for irrigation of farmland. | 248908471 |
4,509,423 | A survey of atrial fibrillation in general practice: the West Birmingham Atrial Fibrillation Project. BACKGROUND The management of atrial fibrillation (AF) has changed substantially in recent years, especially with a greater appreciation of the prophylactic role of antithrombotic therapy against stroke. There is therefore a need for further information on the prevalence of AF in Britain, the prevalence of (and contraindications to) anticoagulant treatment, and the factors that influence doctors' decisions in treating AF, including the investigation of patients with this arrhythmia. AIM To investigate the prevalence, clinical features and management of patients with AF in a general practice setting. METHOD Cross-sectional survey of patients using treatment prescriptions and clinical records in two general practices from the west of Birmingham (serving a patient population of 16,519) where 4522 subjects (27.4%) were aged > or = 50 years. RESULTS One hundred and eleven (2.4%) patients who were aged > or = 50 years were found to be in AF (42 males; mean age 76.6, SD 9.1); 77.5% were Caucasian, 2.7% Afro-Caribbean, 0.9% Asian, and 0.9% mixed race; in 20 cases there was no information on ethnicity. Of the AF patients, 5.4% were aged 50-60 years, 16.2% aged 61-70 years, 20.7% aged 71-75 years, 20.7% aged 76-80 years, 24.3% aged 81-85 years, and 12.6% aged > 85 years old, with female patients being significantly older than males. Eighty-one patients (73%) had chronic AF, while 30 patients (27%) had paroxysmal AF. The most common associated factors were hypertension (36.9%) and ischaemic heart disease (28.8%), with no obvious cause for | 18708771 |
4,509,424 | AF in six patients. Cardiac failure was associated with AF in 34 patients (30.6%), and stroke had occurred in 29 patients (18%). Only 20 patients (18%) had had an echocardiogram, 26 (23.4%) a chest X-ray, and 58 (52.3%) thyroid function test. Only 30.6% had ever presented to hospital practice. Warfarin was prescribed to 40 patients (36%), with anticoagulation intensity monitoring by the general practitioner (GP) in three cases (7.5%), by a hospital clinic in 30 (75%), and by both GP and hospital in seven cases (17.5%). Of those not anticoagulated (n = 71), only 12 patients (16.9%) had contraindications to warfarin therapy. Patients treated with warfarin were younger than those who were not prescribed warfarin (71.3 versus 79.6 years, P < 0.001). Aspirin was being prescribed for 21 patients (18.9%), primarily for previous myocardial infarction. Only five patients (4.5%) had ever had attempted cardioversion. CONCLUSION Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia in general practice, and is commonly associated with hypertension, ischaemic heart disease and heart failure. There is a suboptimal application of standard investigations and use of antithrombotic therapy or attempted cardioversion; and few patients have presented to hospital practice. Guidelines on the management of this common arrhythmia in general practice are required. | 18708771 |
4,509,425 | PRN: a preprint service for catalyzing R-fMRI and neuroscience related studies. Sharing drafts of scientific manuscripts on preprint hosting services for early exposure and pre-publication feedback is a well-accepted practice in fields such as physics, astronomy, or mathematics. The field of neuroscience, however, has yet to adopt the preprint model. A reason for this reluctance might partly be the lack of central preprint services for the field of neuroscience. To address this issue, we announce the launch of Preprints of the R-fMRI Network (PRN), a community funded preprint hosting service. PRN provides free-submission and free hosting of manuscripts for resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (R-fMRI) and neuroscience related studies. Submissions will be peer viewed and receive feedback from readers and a panel of invited consultants of the R-fMRI Network. All manuscripts and feedback will be freely available online with citable permanent URL for open-access. The goal of PRN is to supplement the "peer reviewed" journal publication system - by more rapidly communicating the latest research achievements throughout the world. We hope PRN will help the field to embrace the preprint model and thus further accelerate R-fMRI and neuroscience related studies, eventually enhancing human mental health. | 54486471 |
4,509,426 | Predictably unpredictable: Trump’s personality and approach towards China Abstract It is often noted that former US President Donald Trump brought unpredictability to Washington’s relationship with China. This may appear intuitively true, but in what ways was Trump actually ‘unpredictable’ towards China? We show that the most unpredictable feature of Trump’s approach was his rhetoric, strongly defined by impulsivity, emotion and provocation. This generated rhetorical unpredictability which was regularly seen in inconsistent and contradictory statements. Using political psychology and leadership personality approaches, we further demonstrate that this unpredictable rhetoric can be traced to Trump’s psychological profile. We argue that while the composition of Trump’s China rhetoric was often difficult to anticipate, as a component of his US China policy it was predictable to the extent that it was grounded in his personality. Trumpian China policy broadly followed longer-term trends, but the president’s erratic rhetoric had domestic and international consequences for the relationship. The article further contributes to work on unpredictability in international relations (IR), and on leadership personalities and foreign policy. | 234063171 |
4,509,427 | Research about improving the BER performance of Turbo decoding based on SNR SNR (Signal-Noise Rate) is one of the significant parameters in modern wireless communication system, it doesn't only reflect the influence degree to useful signal caused by noise but is also the indispensable feedback information to improving signal quality. The MAP decoding algorithm of Turbo which has been adopted in LTE system is sensitive to deviation of the SNR estimation, thus this paper deals with a new algorithm for the SNR estimation to ameliorate the performance in terms of BER (Bit Error Rate) of T urbo decoding. Confirmed by Matlab simulation that this SNR estimation algorithm can reduce the bit error rate of Turbo decoding. | 3493871 |
4,509,428 | EFFECT OF STORAGE ON LYMPHOCYTE SURFACE MARKERS IN WHOLE BLOOD UNITS Pretransplant transfusions of stored donor-specific blood have been shown to improve renal allograft survival while reducing the frequency of lymphocytotoxic antibody production when compared with fresh blood. As part of studies to define the mechanism(s) of this phenomenon, we have monitored lymphocyte surface markers during storage of four units of whole blood. Both mononuclear cell preparation (obtained by density gradient centrifugation) and whole blood preparations were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies and a flow cytometer enabling lymphocytes to be distinguished from other white cells and nonviable cells. In both cell preparations, the percentage of viable cells. In both cell preparations, the percentage of viable lymphocytes expressing CD3 (all T cells), CD4 (T helper cells), CD8 (T suppressor cells,) HLA-class I (A,B,C), or HLA-DR antigens remained stable for at least 14 days, although median fluorescence intensity declined for the first three markers. After day 14, the number of viable lymphocytes recovered from a standard volume of whole blood was insufficient for further assessment of surface markers, even though the white cell count (determined by cell volume) remained near original levels. Thus the distribution of viable lymphocyte subpopulations defined by surface markers was stable for at least to weeks in stored blood; however, a nonspecific loss of lymphocyte viability began after 10 days of storage. These findings suggest that loss of cell viability, rather than loss of specific lymphocyte subpopulations, may be related to the mechanism by which pretransplant transfusion of stored blood improves renal allograft survival without | 24303771 |
4,509,429 | inducing a high incidence of lymphocytotoxic antibody. | 24303771 |
4,509,430 | Apolipoprotein AV variants do not affect C-reactive protein levels in Caucasian males. The important role of APOAV gene variants in determination of plasma triglyceride levels has been shown in many population studies. Recently, an influence of APOAV T-1131>C polymorphism on C-reactive protein (CRP) in young Korean males has been reported. We have therefore analyzed a putative association between T-1131>C, Ser19>Trp and Val153>Met APOAV variants (PCR and restriction analysis) and CRP concentrations in 1119 Caucasian males, aged between 28 and 67 years (49.2+/-10.8 years). The frequency of C allele carriers was lower in Caucasians than in Koreans (15.5% vs. 46.2%). CRP levels did not differ between T/T homozygotes (n=946, 1.61+/-2.05 mg/l) and carriers of the C allele (n=173, 1.67+/-1.95 mg/l). Thus, in contrast to Korean males, T-1131>C APOAV variant has no effect on plasma concentrations of CRP in a large group of Caucasian males. Other APOAV variants (Ser19>Trp and Val153>Met) did not also influence plasma concentrations of CRP. APOAV variants are unlikely to be an important genetic determinant of plasma CRP concentrations in Caucasian males. | 25549871 |
4,509,431 | Algorithms for determining the radial profile of the photoelastic coefficient in glass and polymer optical fibers. We discuss two algorithms to determine the value and the radial profile of the photoelastic coefficient C in glass and polymer optical fibers. We conclude that C is constant over the fiber cross-sections, with exception of silica glass fibers containing a fluorine-doped depressed cladding. In the undoped and Ge-doped parts of these silica glass fibers we find a consistent value for C that is slightly larger than in bulk silica. In the fluorine-doped trenches of the absolute value of C decreases with about 27%. In polymethyl methacrylate optical fibers, the value of C significantly varies from fiber to fiber. | 23442771 |
4,509,432 | Theoretical plurality and pluralism in psychoanalytic practice The author begins by characterizing the present situation of psychoanalysis as one of increasing theoretical and practical diversity. The aim of this paper is to consider in depth the impact of theoretical plurality on clinical practice. After noting that the analyst has much more than evenly suspended attention in his 2 mind as he works with his patient in a session, the author reviews both older and more recent contributions on what the analyst has in his mind when working with a patient. He suggests that the subject has been addressed mainly from a single‐person perspective. In this connection, and on the basis of clinical material, he attempts to show how, against the background of the ‘implicit use of explicit theories’, an ongoing process of decision‐making that is co‐determined by the patient’s action and reaction takes place in the analyst’s mind. In his analysis of a session, the author introduces the concepts of theoretical reason and practical reason, and contends that, whatever theories the analyst may have implicitly or explicitly in his mind, they ultimately yield to practical reasons. Pursuing the same line of thought, he describes validation in the clinical context as a single, wide‐ranging, continuous process of social and linguistic co‐construction of the intersubjective reality between patient and analyst. This process includes mutual aspects of observation and of communicative and pragmatic validation. In conclusion, he suggests that the figure of the craftsman is an appropriate description of the analyst in this conception of his work. | 13634871 |
4,509,433 | Retrospective safety analysis of atomoxetine in adult ADHD patients with or without comorbid alcohol abuse and dependence. This post hoc analysis compared the safety of atomoxetine treatment of ADHD in adults with or without comorbid alcohol abuse/dependence. Study completion rates in patients receiving atomoxetine were comparable between heavy drinkers (60.9%) and patients with no alcohol-use disorder (71.0%) but lower in nonheavy drinkers (35.7%); however, there was no significant difference in discontinuation rates due to adverse events or lack of efficacy among these groups. Alcohol-use disorder patients, especially heavy drinkers, generally experienced the greatest frequency of treatment-emergent adverse events in both the atomoxetine and placebo groups. Vital signs and measures of hepatic function were not significantly different among the 3 drinking status groups taking atomoxetine. | 26062221 |
4,509,434 | Insights into hazard from intense impulses from a mathematical model of the ear. In order to provide insight into the mechanisms that operate in the ear when it is exposed to intense sounds, time and frequency domain mathematical models of the ear including significant nonlinearities in the middle ear were developed to trace energy flow from the free field to the inner ear and ultimately allow the calculation of basilar membrane displacement and a consequent hazard function. These models match the ear's behavior at low intensities and also reproduce many of the features of the data on hearing hazard from intense impulses. They provide critical insights into the loss mechanisms, suggest new strategies for protecting hearing as well as reducing hazard at the source and could also serve as a framework for a new, accurate, theoretically based method for rating hazard from intense sounds. | 1867421 |
4,509,435 | The State of the Circumstellar Medium Surrounding Gamma-Ray Burst Sources and Its Effect on the Afterglow Appearance We present a numerical investigation of the contribution of the presupernova ejecta of Wolf-Rayet stars to the environment surrounding gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and describe how this external matter can affect the observable afterglow characteristics. An implicit hydrodynamic calculation for massive stellar evolution is used here to provide the inner boundary conditions for an explicit hydrodynamical code to model the circumstellar gas dynamics. The resulting properties of the circumstellar medium are then used to calculate the deceleration of a relativistic, gasdynamical jet and the corresponding afterglow light curve produced as the shock wave propagates through the shocked wind medium. We find that variations in the stellar wind drive instabilities that may produce radial filaments in the shocked wind region. These comet-like tails of clumps could give rise to strong temporal variations in the early afterglow light curve. Afterglows may be expected to differ widely among themselves, depending on the angular anisotropy of the jet and the properties of the stellar progenitor; a wide diversity of behaviors may be the rule, rather than the exception. | 119061971 |
4,509,436 | Photoproduction of the Θ+ and its vector and axial-vector structure We present recent investigations on the vector and axial-vector transitions of the baryon antide-cuplet within the framework of the self-consistent SU(3) chiral quark-soliton model, taking into account the 1/Nc rotational and linear ms corrections. The main contribution to the electric-like transition form factor comes from the wave-function corrections. This is a consequence of the generalized Ademollo–Gatto theorem. It is also found that in general the leading-order contributions are almost canceled by the rotational 1/Nc corrections. The results are summarized as follows: the vector and tensor K*NΘ coupling constants, gK*NΘ = 0.74–0.87 and fK*NΘ = 0.53–1.16, respectively, and ΓΘ→KN = 0.71 MeV, based on the result of the KNΘ coupling constant gK*NΘ = 0.83. We also show the differential cross sections and beam asymmetries, based on the present results. We also discuss the connection of present results with the original work by Diakonov, Petrov, and Polyakov. | 250805421 |
4,509,437 | The surgical anatomy of the sural nerve: An ultrasound study The aim of this study was (a) to examine the anatomy of the sural nerve (SN) in a sample of 30 patients and (b) to analyze the incidence of different origins of the SN, and the distance of the SN from planned arthroscopic portals. An ultrasound (USG) examination of the SN was performed bilaterally on thirty healthy patients with no history of surgery or trauma of the lower limb. The SNs were classified into six main types of pattern, with an additional category for new and unclassified types. Each of Types 1 and 3 had two subdivisions. The distances from the superior border of the calcaneal tuberosity to the three simulated arthroscopy portal sites (Z1, Z1.5, Z2) to the SN were measured. A total of 30 patients (n = 60 limbs) with an average age of 27 ± 7.5 years were examined and the SN was visualized in all cases. The most common origin was Type 3A, accounting for 30% of limbs. Type 2 was the second most common seen in 18.3%. The distances of the SN from arthroscopic portal placement sites above the lateral malleolus were 2.07 ± 0.39 cm at the Z1 portal, 2.15 ± 0.38 cm at Z1.5, and 2.28 ± 0.33 cm at Z2. The variability in the anatomy of the SN warrants the use of USG to locate it accurately, thus preventing iatrogenic injury when portals are placed for arthroscopy, improving proper administration of anesthesia, and helping to localize the nerve | 4870171 |
4,509,438 | for graft harvesting. Clin. Anat. 31:450–455, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. | 4870171 |
4,509,439 | Evaluating Criticism of Smart Growth 28 May 2015 This paper evaluates various criticisms of Smart Growth. It defines the concept of Smart Growth, contrasts it with sprawl, and describes common Smart Growth strategies. It examines various criticisms of Smart Growth, including the claim that it does not reflect consumer preferences, infringes on freedom, increases traffic congestion and air pollution, reduces housing affordability, results in socially undesirable levels of density, increases public service costs, requires wasteful transit subsidies and is unjustified. Some specific critics’ papers are examined. This analysis indicates that many claims by critics reflect an incomplete understanding of Smart Growth, and inaccurate analysis. Critics identify some legitimate problems that must be addressed to optimize Smart Growth, but present no convincing evidence to diminish the overall justification of Smart Growth. Evaluating Criticism of Smart Growth | 17384671 |
4,509,440 | THE INFLUENCE OF MATERNAL CARE IN SHAPING HUMAN SURVIVAL AND FERTILITY Abstract The influence of maternal care on child survival has evolved throughout human history due to variation in altriciality, allocare, and maternal behaviors. Here, we study the impact of these factors on the force of selection acting on age-specific survival and fertility (measured with elasticity analysis) in a model that incorporates the dependence of child survival on maternal survival. Results reveal life-history changes that cannot be elucidated when considering child's survival independent of maternal survival: decrease of late fertility and increase of late survival, and concomitant decrease of early and late fertility. We also show that an increase of child altriciality in early humans might explain the main human life-history traits: a high life expectancy and postreproductive life; a long juvenile period and a higher, and narrowed, fertility at the peak of the reproductive period. | 26165571 |
4,509,441 | Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Extruded Mg-Zn-Nd-Y-Zr-Ca Alloy Nd, Y and Ca containing Mg-Zn-Zr alloys are produced by electromagnetic direct-chilling casting process, and extruded at a temperature of 643K with two extrusion ratios of 38:1 and 22:1, respectively. The grain size is markedly reduced from 80µm in as-cast alloy to 2~5µm in as-extruded alloy due to dynamic recrystallization, and lamellar eutectics at grain boundaries in as-cast alloy are broken up and fine precipitates in the matrix come forth during hot extrusions. Mechanical properties of the alloys are measured by tensile test from room temperature to 523K. Nd, Y and Ca are favorable to the strength of the hot-extruded alloy, especially the elevated-temperature strength, which is above 200MPa in ultimate tensile strength at 523K. | 137091121 |
4,509,442 | Visual Experience of Historical Area and Planning Research Exploration and Practice of Historical Railway Building of Dehui in Middle East Period Vision is the main way that people perceive the environment. Visual communication and scale, color and texture are important factors which impact people’s cognitive result of an urban environment, such as the impression of the city landscape. Based on the visual experience as the breakthrough point, this paper emphasize the history section of the line of sight control and city planning, using the principle of the line theory, to provide reference for the design of the city’s external space. | 110885671 |
4,509,443 | Mendel or Molecules First: What is the Best Approach for Teaching General Genetics? Abstract A key question in teaching a General Genetics course is whether to present the major concepts of Mendelian genetics first, or to start with the essential ideas of molecular genetics. A comparison of two sequential courses at Creighton University with similar groups of students indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in exam scores or final grades with the two approaches. It thus may be better to focus on the questions of how best to present the material in each area to contemporary students and how better to prepare them to take exams that involve different types of questions requiring analytical, numerical, and writing skills. These issues are discussed in the context of the modern biology curriculum. | 90099371 |
4,509,444 | Conical foil x-ray mirrors: performance and projections. For the past decade, we have been developing at Goddard conical grazing incidence mirrors in an effort to increase the sensitivity and resolution of astronomical observations in the iron K spectral band around 7 keV. Tightly packed conical foils give us the option of trading some imaging capability for light weight, large throughput, and low cost, all crucial requirements at the higher energies where grazing angles become very small. Nearing the completion of the broad band x-ray telescope for NASA's SHEAL II mission, we have decided important design and fabrication issues including reflector substrate material and supports and most techniques for reflector preparation, mirror assembly, and alignment. We will review the design, fabrication, status, and performance of our present mirrors. Future applications along with prospects for improved spatial resolution for these mirrors will be discussed. | 24543921 |
4,509,445 | Assessing user preference of video game controller button settings Only very few studies exist linking preference in controller usage to physiological effects and user experience (UX). While many games already feature different controller layouts, there is a lack of research on whether giving control to participants over their button choices affects their UX in the game. In our study, participants were given two predetermined button configurations for playing FIFA 12. Their preferences were assessed through electroencephalography (EEG) and a Game Experience Questionnaire (GEQ). Our results show no significant difference in EEG intensity between participants using their preferred or non-preferred button settings. Preference also appears to have no significant effect on subjective feelings assessed by the GEQ. We have identified three distinct factors that may have potentially compromised this study. These findings could help to structure future research in this area. | 9549321 |
4,509,446 | Multiple-hologram recording with one-beam encoding. This research proposes a method that uses a single object beam to record multiple images in a photorefractive crystal medium without having to use any reference wave. The object beam in this study is modulated using a lenticular lens array sheet to produce a set of sub-object beams. These beams are then angularly separated on the recording plane and their scattered waves overlapped in an iron-doped photorefractive LiNbO₃ crystal. This single-exposure, multiple-holographic-recording method is simple and proven successful via the experiments that recorded four holograms in a 30 x 1 mm³ LiNbO₃:Fe crystal with single exposure. | 40410071 |
4,509,447 | Modeling and simulation of e-mail social networks: A new stochastic agent-based approach Understanding how the structure of a network evolves over time is one of the most interesting and complex topics in the field of social networks. In our attempt to model the dynamics of such systems, we explore an agent-based approach to model growth of email-based social networks, in which individuals establish, maintain and allow atrophy of links through contact-lists and e-mails. The model is based on the idea of common neighbors, but also on a detailed specialization of the classical preferential attachment theory, thus capturing a deeper understanding of the topology of inter-node connections. In our event-based simulation that schedules the agents¿ actions over time, the proposed model is amenable to significant efficiency improvements through an application of the Gillespie stochastic simulation schemes. Computer simulation results are used to validate the model by showing that its unique features endow it with ability to simulate real-world email networks with convincing realism. | 2267421 |
4,509,448 | Is there any contradiction between the stress and energy failure criteria in micromechanical tests? Part III. Experimental observation of crack propagation in the microbond test A direct observation of crack propagation in the microbond test was carried out for five different fiber/polymer matrix systems. This technique appeared to be a very effective tool for interface characterization. Experimental plots of the force required for further crack propagation as a function of debond length were analyzed using both energy-based and stress-based models of debonding. The fracture mechanics analysis was used to construct families of crack resistance or R-curves which showed the variation of energy release rate, G, with the debond length, and included the effect of interfacial friction in debonded regions. For the first time, analogs of the R-curves were created within the scope of the stress-based model to present the local shear stress near the crack tip, τ, as a function of crack length. In both models, the behavior of the interfacial parameter (G or τ) strongly depends on the assumed value of the interfacial frictional stress (τf). However, for each matrix/fiber system there exists such a τf value for which the investigated parameter is nearly constant over the whole region of stable crack propagation (70–90% of the embedded length). Moreover, these best-fit τf values for each specimen appeared to be practically the same for both energy-based and stress-based approaches. Thus, both interfacial toughness, G ic, and local interfacial shear strength, τd, adequately characterize the strength of a fiber/matrix interface. Extrapolation of R-curves and their analogs to | 135957171 |
4,509,449 | zero crack length allows measurement of the interfacial parameters with good accuracy. | 135957171 |
4,509,450 | Transport measurement of MgB2 wire under the sub-cooled water ice compared to other cooling conditions The standard DC transport measurements of MgB2 composite conductors were done in vacuum, low-pressure helium gas, sub-cooled solid nitrogen and water ice. The effect of these coolants on electro-thermal behaviour was studied at self-field and temperature range from 32 K to 36.5 K. The obtained results show that even small volume of Helium gas enhances the sample thermal stability during the I–V measurement in comparison to those obtained in vacuum. The cooling by solid nitrogen improves the sample stability in contrast to helium gas. The measurements performed inn water ice exhibits an excellent and stable behavior of superconducting wire carrying high transport current below and above the quench as well. Consequently, water ice shows simple, safe, and promising He-free mode of cooling for future superconducting systems. | 251121921 |
4,509,451 | Towards a general research framework for social media research using big data The increasing adoption of cloud computing, social networking, mobile and big data technologies provide challenges and opportunities for both research and practice. Researchers face a deluge of data generated by social network platforms which is further exacerbated by the co-mingling of social network platforms and the emerging Internet of Everything. While the topicality of big data and social media increases, there is a lack of conceptual tools in the literature to help researchers approach, structure and codify knowledge from social media big data in diverse subject matter domains, many of whom are from nontechnical disciplines. Researchers do not have a general-purpose scaffold to make sense of the data and the complex web of relationships between entities, social networks, social platforms and other third party databases, systems and objects. This is further complicated when spatio-temporal data is introduced. Based on practical experience of working with social media datasets and existing literature, we propose a general research framework for social media research using big data. Such a framework assists researchers in placing their contributions in an overall context, focusing their research efforts and building the body of knowledge in a given discipline area using social media data in a consistent and coherent manner. | 36670321 |
4,509,452 | Weathering pits as indicators of the relative age of granite surfaces in the cairngorm mountains, scotland Abstract Weathering pits 1–140 cm deep occur on granite surfaces in the Cairngorms associated with a range of landforms, including tors, glacially exposed slabs, large erratics and blockfields. Pit depth is positively correlated with cosmogenic exposure age, and both measures show consistent relationships on individual rock landforms. Rates of pit deepening are non‐linear and a best fit is provided by the sigmoidal function D = b1 + exp(b2+b3/t). The deepest pits occur on unmodified tor summits, where 10Be exposure ages indicate that surfaces have been exposed to weathering for a minimum of 52–297 ka. Glacially exposed surfaces with pits 10–46 cm deep have given 10Be exposure durations of 21–79 ka, indicating exposure by glacial erosion before the last glacial cycle. The combination of cosmogenic exposure ages with weathering pit depths greatly extends the area over which inferences can be made regarding the ages of granite surfaces in the Cairngorms. Well‐developed weathering pits on glacially exposed surfaces in other granite areas are potential indicators of glacial erosion before the Last Glacial Maximum. | 128787721 |
4,509,453 | Electrostatic wave instability and soliton formation with non-thermal electrons in O-H plasma of ionosphere It is pointed out that the presence of non-thermal electrons and protons in oxygen plasma of the ionosphere plays a destructive role in the formation of electrostatic structures by nonlinear ion acoustic waves (IAWs). On the other hand, linear electrostatic perturbations at different IAW frequencies are excited by the field-aligned shear flow in oxygen-hydrogen plasma of the upper ionosphere, and non-thermal electrons cause an increase in the growth rate. The excitation of IAW and formation of solitary structures in the ionosphere are investigated at altitudes of 600 km and 1000 km in the auroral region.It is pointed out that the presence of non-thermal electrons and protons in oxygen plasma of the ionosphere plays a destructive role in the formation of electrostatic structures by nonlinear ion acoustic waves (IAWs). On the other hand, linear electrostatic perturbations at different IAW frequencies are excited by the field-aligned shear flow in oxygen-hydrogen plasma of the upper ionosphere, and non-thermal electrons cause an increase in the growth rate. The excitation of IAW and formation of solitary structures in the ionosphere are investigated at altitudes of 600 km and 1000 km in the auroral region. | 127065021 |
4,509,454 | Polyalkoxyflavonoids as inhibitors of cell division Being structural analogues of natural microtubule-destabilizing cytostatics, polyalkoxyflavonoids represent a promising class of compounds for anticancer drug design. The review covers synthetic routes to various polyalkoxyflavonoids and the results of biological assays in vitro on human cancer cells and in vivo using sea urchin embryos as a model. Mechanisms of action and structure – relationship activity for polyalkoxyflavonoids are discussed. The bibliography includes 151 references. | 96132071 |
4,509,455 | Self-consistent nonlinear simulation of a slotted third-harmonic gyro-TWT amplifier The distribution of RF field of the slotted cylindrical waveguide is discussed and the self-consistent nonlinear theory of the beam-wave interaction is presented in this paper. The behavior of the 95-GHz slotted third-harmonic gyrotron traveling-wave amplifier (gyro-TWT) with a uniform section is simulated by a Runge-Kutta algorithm code for a warm beam encircling around the axis of the waveguide. Some important regulations are obtained. | 111089371 |
4,509,456 | A Fusion Location Algorithm Based on Federated Kalman Filtering The paper designed a WLAN system with RFID systems joint locating algorithm based on Federated Kalman Filtering. For the problem in indoor mobile node single positioning system, such as insufficient positioning accuracy, longer positioning time and not ideal algorithm complexity, it was proposed that the federated filtering techniques was applied in the location system, and was combined with data from WLAN and RFID to realize all accuracy improved. In the system, sub-filter use unscented Kalman filter algorithm independent measurement updates and time update, and the subsystem information is fused with the main filter based on no feedback mode. It was proved from the result that the calculation improved was of feasibility, which reduced unscented Kalman filter calculation, decreased maximum deviation and minimum deviation and improved the positioning accuracy. Introduction With the increase of the number of mobile devices and improvement of the degree of intelligence, location technology [1] is highly valued by the researcher as the core support functions of various kinds of mobile applications. At present, common indoor positioning technology includes ultrasonic positioning technology, WLAN positioning technology, Zigbee positioning technology, infrared positioning technology and RFID positioning technology. One single positioning technology is difficult to achieve a satisfactory result in practice, so multi-sensor data fusion technology has become an important issue in the field of indoor mobile node localization. WLAN positioning technology has developed rapidly in recent years,which mainly includes Nibble system[2] based on acquisition and analysis of noise ratio or signal quality, WHAM! Positioning system[3] based | 55758571 |
4,509,457 | on receiving the signal strength of AP, Ekahau positioning system[4] , Horus positioning systems and Rice systems.The RFID system,whose positioning time is shorter, the precision is higher, received much concern for its advantages of non-line and non contract ,although the positioning range is limited to the distance between the transmitter and the receiver .This paper is to effectively improve the positioning accuracy of the mobile node and real-time through information fusion of WLAN positioning system and RFID positioning system based on Federated Kalman Filtering, which has certain practical value. Theoretical basis Federated Kalman Filtering Model Traditional Kalman filtering technology for multi-sensor data fusion methods generally includes centralized Kalman filtering and the decentralized Kalman filter. Federated filter proposed by Carlson[5] achieves good effect in practical application because of its small amount of calculation, good fault-tolerant performance and flexible design. Fusion algorithm based on Federated Kalman Filtering includes algorithm both whose estimate for each sub filter is correlated and uncorrelated. Due to the premise that the various sub filters is uncorrelated can not be guaranteed in the actual use,this paper mainly study the fusion algorithm for the estimate of each sub filter,using the variance upper bound technique to transform the filtering algorithm,thus each sub filter will be estimated from the correlated state.Federated filter is a kind of two-stage filtering structure. It is assumed that the state estimation of each sub filter can be 4th International Conference on Machinery, Materials and Computing Technology (ICMMCT 2016) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 2001 expressed as: ˆ ˆ ˆ | 55758571 |
4,509,458 | ci i bi X X X = . ˆ ci X is the estimate of the common state c X for each sub filter. ˆ bi X is the proprietary state estimate of filter i . Process design of Federated Kalman filter Under normal circumstances, federated filter process mainly includes four processes as follow : information distribution, information update, measurement update of information and information fusion. Step1 Distribution of information.Determine the proportionality coefficient of information distribution,between the main filters and sub filters as shown in formula (1). 1 k Q − and ( ) 1 | g k k P − refer to system process information.In formula (1), parameter i β is called an information distribution coefficient to meet the conditions of 0 i β > and distribution principle in formula (2). | 55758571 |
4,509,459 | The impact of population dynamics on public policy: the perspective of political gerontology. Dramatic increases in the proportion of older persons in the U.S. is an area of profound and direct political and policy impact; not only are there increasing numbers of older persons, but the politically relevant characteristics of tomorrow's elderly differentiate them from today's and yesterday's elderly. Recent findings are summarized which contradict the view that the aged and the issue of aging are not increasingly salient aspects of politics in the U.S. A brief consideration of the Social Security issue highlights the potential importance of this issue. The changing age structure of the population summarized in the Old-Age Dependency Ratios is seen as more relevant to the possible conflict over policy allocations than is the scenario described by the Total Dependency Ratios. With respect to the cohort concept of age group differences and age-group phenomena, the flow of cohorts through the population system represents the succession of potentially unique generational entities whose characteristics and location in the flow of population can substantially influence society and politics. The most explosive policy issue deriving from the changing age structure of the American population surrounds the national Social Security system, while operational solutions for predicted Social Security "bankruptcy" might be fiscal or economic in nature, the fundamental decisions are derived from political philosophy and political influence. Policy responses to demographic pressure will be a product of political dynamics, and the following areas of political inquiry describe the likely foundation of old-age influence upon American politics: 1) | 21190421 |
4,509,460 | political participation; 2) political attitudes; 3) partisan flexibility; and 4) organizational activity. Predictions that population patterns are likely to produce political controversies, and that in this context, age is likely to grow as a political issue, should not be surprising. | 21190421 |
4,509,461 | Recurrent Structural Motifs Reflect Characteristics of Distinct Networks In large-scale networks, certain topological patterns may occur more frequently than expected from a null model that preserves global (such as the density of the graph) and local (such as the connectivity of each node) properties of the graph. These network motifs are the building blocks of large-scale networks and may confer functional/mechanistic implications of their underlying processes. Despite active investigations and rich literature in systems biology, network motifs are less explored in social network studies. In this work, we modified and improved the method from Milo et al. 2002 to detect significantly enriched motifs in both directed and undirected networks. We applied this method to identify 3-node and 4-node motifs from the datasets of 18 networks (4 directed and 14 undirected) covering social interactions, co-authorships, web document hyperlinks, neuronal circuitry, protein-protein interactions (PPI), trophic relations in a food web, and others. Presence and absence of enriched motifs provide rich information regarding each type of network relations. In undirected networks, triangles are enriched in almost all datasets, suggesting the prevalence of transitivity in diverse networks. However, 4-node structures lacking transitivity -- diamonds and stars -- are also enriched in the majority of undirected networks. In directed networks, variations of feed-forward loops are over-represented in the networks of web document and political web log hyperlinks as well as neuronal connections. In contrast, the food web is enriched with unidirectional motifs with distinct trophic levels. These results reveal the nature of distinct types of networks and invite further explorations on | 1852621 |
4,509,462 | the relations of network structures and types of relations. | 1852621 |
4,509,463 | The economics aspect of money laundering The forms of threat to a country's economic system are very diverse. In modern times, perfidious systems of activity of organized crime groups are coming to light, especially in the field of organized crime. One such criminal activity is certainly money laundering, which is increasingly becoming a serious international problem. Money laundering is basically the legalization of capital acquired through criminal activity. As a criminal activity, it directly negatively affects the economics, political, legal, cultural and other significant values of a society. The most visible consequences of money laundering (most of which are economics in nature) are: undermining the integrity of financial markets, eroding control over economics policy, economic instability, loss of public revenue, deformation of savings and consumption, jeopardizing reform programs, loss of state reputation, etc. Money laundering is a complex and serious challenge for states and the entire international community. Considering that national strategies are not sufficient to combat this problem, a successful transnational approach and strategy are required. | 245555771 |
4,509,464 | Herpes Zoster Optic Neuropathy: Comment. atrophy could be considered a manifestation of a progressive leukoencephalopathy (2) as seen in patients with the progressive form of multiple sclerosis (3). However, this hypothesis does not explain findings obtained in some adult patients with severe leukoencephalopathies who remain free of significant thinning of the RNFL, or with young adult patients such as ours, with optic atrophy early in the clinical course. Third, is optic atrophy in VWM/CACH an expression of factors associated with the environment, metabolism, or genetics? This is a challenging and unsolved question. Factors including the role of oxidation stress impacting optic nerve function (4) and the presence of susceptibility genes could explain, at least partly, the variability of optic atrophy in leukoencephalopathy. The presence of optic atrophy in VWM/CACH patients requires further study. It is unclear if it is a specific phenotype of the disease, a nonspecific marker of the progression of brain involvement, or due to environmental or genetic susceptibility factors. | 52156371 |
4,509,465 | A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the efficacy of cyanoacrylate ablation over endovenous thermal ablation for treating incompetent saphenous veins Objectives The aim of this study was to systemically review and analyze the efficacy of cyanoacrylate ablation (CA) in comparison with endovenous thermal ablation (ETA) for the treatment of incompetent saphenous veins. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using databases of Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from the times of their inception to April 2020. Studies were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria after assessing the risk of bias in comparative studies with Cochrane and rating quality of evidence with the GRADE methodology. The meta-analysis was carried out using the Review Manager 5.4 program to conduct homogeneity tests. Results One cohort study and three randomized controlled trials (RCT), including a total of 1457 participants were included in the meta-analysis. ETA included endovenous laser ablation (ELVA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in the selected studies. Comparison between CA and a combination of EVLA and RFA or RFA alone were carried out in two of RCTs, while comparison between CA with EVLA was conducted in one RCT and the cohort study. There was no statistical difference in closure rates between CA and ETA after pooled analysis. Similar symptom alleviation observed between different groups. However, the CA group showed a lower ecchymosis rate than RFA and a significantly lower incidence of adverse events, such as ecchymosis, phlebitis and paresthesia, than EVLA. Compared with ETA, the patients received CA treatment exhibited lower pain scores in a shorter procedure duration | 233298071 |
4,509,466 | without needing compression stocking, returned to normal life sooner, and had significantly better quality of care. There was no significant difference in the number needed to treat for additional therapy after three months of follow-up between groups. Conclusions This meta-analysis indicates that CA has better overall outcomes than ETA and offers superior clinical benefits in the treatment of incompetent saphenous veins. | 233298071 |
4,509,467 | Temporomandibular joint ankylosis caused by chondroid hyperplasia from the callus of condylar neck fracture. A patient who complained of difficulty in opening his mouth after condylar neck fracture 1 year ago presented typical features of temporomandibular joint ankylosis in clinical and radiologic examinations. To demonstrate a possible pathogenesis of temporomandibular joint ankylosis after condylar neck fracture, the fractured condylar portion removed was examined by histologic and immunohistochemical stainings. Interpositional gap arthroplasty was performed by removing the inferomesially displaced fractured condyle, and reconstruction with subcutaneous dermis to the previous vertical height was performed immediately. The fractured condylar portion was almost intact with slight erosion of the condylar cartilage. In the hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome stainings, an extensive chondroid hyperplasia with abundant hyaline cartilage was shown in the removed condylar portion. There were also hyperplastic features of the synovial membrane, which were abnormally distributed throughout the chondroid tissues. In the immunohistochemical stainings of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 and BMP-4, the chondroid tissues were conspicuously hyperplastic and strongly positive for BMP-4 but sparse for BMP-2. From these results, we think that the hyperplastic chondroid tissue was derived from the callus of the primary fractured site of the condylar neck and propose that the chondroid tissue could proliferate continuously because of synovial tissue support from around the temporomandibular joint, resulting in temporomandibular joint ankylosis. This pathogenesis is quite different from those of other diaphyseal fracture of long bones. | 2034121 |
4,509,468 | [Methodological aspects and discrepancies in the clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease]. Authors review the main methodological aspects concerning clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease, especially in those points referring to patients' selection, design, duration of treatment, assessment of response, concomitant treatment and ethical questions. Published studies in last years present important discrepancies in design, duration of treatment and concomitant treatments. In author's opinion, the optimum design for to assess the real efficacy is a double-blind parallel design and duration of treatment should be at least one year, with a follow-up without treatment of at least two months. Allowed and prohibited concomitant treatments should be clearly specified in protocols. | 24840621 |
4,509,469 | Data fusion through fuzzy logic applied to feature extraction from multi-sensory images A fusion formula based on the measure of fuzziness is developed and tested mathematically against several desirable properties of fusion operators. A fuzzification scheme is established by which different types of input data (images) may be modeled. A defuzzification scheme is carried out to recover crisp data from the combined fuzzy assessment. This approach is implemented and tested with real range and intensity images acquired using an odetics laser scanner. A systematic method for evaluating the results of feature extraction is presented. The goal is to obtain better scene descriptions through a segmentation process of both images. Despite the low resolution of the images and the amount of the noise associated with the acquisition process, the segmented output should be suitable for recognition purposes.<<ETX>> | 35458521 |
4,509,470 | A new nondestructive instrument for bulk residual stress measurement using tungsten kα1 X-ray. We describe an experimental instrument used for measuring nondestructively the residual stress using short wavelength X-ray, tungsten kα1. By introducing a photon energy screening technology, the monochromatic X-ray diffraction of tungsten kα1 was realized using a CdTe detector. A high precision Huber goniometer is utilized in order to reduce the error in residual stress measurement. This paper summarizes the main performance of this instrument, measurement depth, stress error, as opposed to the neutron diffraction measurements of residual stress. Here, we demonstrate an application on the determination of residual stress in an aluminum alloy welded by the friction stir welding. | 37991471 |
4,509,471 | INFLUENCE OF POWDER PARTICLE SIZES OF POROUS MATERIALS ON REDUCING THE AERODYNAMIC NOISE LEVEL One of the main means of reducing aerodynamic noise is the use of silencers, which can be made of various porous materials, depending on the specific operating conditions. The aim of the work is to study the dependence of the noise reduction on the characteristics of porous permeable materials (PPM) obtained by vibration molding from metal powders. Such PPMs have a wide range of porosity, high permeability, mechanical strength, provide the ability to work in a wide temperature range, high corrosion resistance, and therefore find more and more widespread application in practice. When designing silencers, their pore size, permeability, mechanical strength, cost, and the chemical composition of the material are taken into account. Basic research methods – determination of noise level, powder particle size, permeability coefficient, pore size. Vibration molding of PPM samples for experimental studies was carried out on a ВЭДС 10-1А vibration bench with vibration parameters that ensured the maximum bulk density of the powder in the mold (acceleration 10 m/s2, frequency 500 Hz). Main results – the dependence of the noise reduction value on the PPM characteristics obtained by the method of vibration molding of metal powders of various grades of various particle size distribution was studied. It has been shown that the most effective damping is provided by PPM from spherical bronze powder of the БрОФ10-1 grade with particle sizes of 350–400 microns, which provides at the same time a combination of a high level of noise reduction | 243451371 |
4,509,472 | and high permeability to air or gas. It was found that the thickness of the muff significantly affects the efficiency of noise suppression, while the minimum thickness of the muff, which provides a sufficiently high degree of noise reduction, is about 3.5 mm, therefore it is not practical to increase the thickness of the muffler material above this value. | 243451371 |
4,509,473 | Design and Stability Analysis of a proposed Microgrid for on Campus Diesel and Photovoltaic Power Sources Pakistan is currently facing an energy crisis that is detrimental to its growth. Due to persistent load shedding by the National Grid throughout the country, the latest trend is tilting towards generating power at localized level through a mix of renewable and conventional energy sources. Such a mixture is referred to as Distributed Energy Resource (DER). Part of such a DER (i.e. solar energy) is free as naturally and mostly available in Pakistan having no degradation problem while providing benefit to the locality. The idea of using a Microgrid for our local power needs morphed accordingly. In this paper, a Microgrid design for our local campus i.e. University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar, KPK is proposed. Our campus generators are not interconnected. Consequently, even while servicing small load periods, all of our campus’s diesel generators run at full capacity at the same time. Such a behavior is uneconomical, unacceptable and the generators run at low efficiency during islanding from the main utility grid. It is seen that behavior as such is endemic throughout Pakistan. Through design and analysis, it is proposed that if a Microgrid of such unconnected resources on campus is formed then during islanding, all generators and our Photovoltaic (PV) systems will economically and efficiently feed their common loads through load sharing. Synchronization, load flow analysis, short circuit analysis, harmonic analysis, transient stability, cost and reliability of our proposed Microgrid is analyzed using ETAP (Electrical Transient Analyzer Program) | 239057071 |
4,509,474 | in this paper. | 239057071 |
4,509,475 | Molecular simulation study of some thermophysical and transport properties of triazolium-based ionic liquids. Results of a molecular dynamics study of several triazolium-based ionic liquids are reported. Triazolium cations include 1,2,4-triazolium, 1,2,3-triazolium, 4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium, and 1-methyl-4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium. Each cation was paired with a nitrate or perchlorate anion. These materials are part of a class of ionic compounds that have been synthesized recently but for which little physical property data are available. Properties of the more common ionic liquid, 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate, are also computed and compared with the properties of the triazolium-based compounds. A molecular mechanics force field was developed for these materials using a mix of ab initio calculations and parameter fitting using the molecular compound 1H-1,2,4-triazole as a basis for the triazolium cations. Liquid-phase properties that were computed include heat capacities, cohesive energy densities, gravimetric densities/molar volumes as a function of temperature and pressure, self-diffusivities, rotational time constants, and various pair correlation functions. In the solid phase, heat capacities and lattice parameters were computed. Of all of these properties, only lattice parameters have been measured experimentally (and only for four of the triazolium compounds). The agreement with the experimental crystal structures was good. When compared with that of the imidazolium-based ionic liquid, the triazolium-based materials have much smaller molar volumes, higher cohesive energy densities, and larger specific heat capacities. They also tend to be less compressible, have a higher gravimetric density, and have faster rotational dynamics but similar translational dynamics. | 1217971 |
4,509,476 | Drought responses of leaf tissues from wheat cultivars of differing drought tolerance at the metabolite level. Drought has serious effects on the physiology of cereal crops. At the cellular and specifically the metabolite level, many individual compounds are increased to provide osmoprotective functions, prevent the dissociation of enzymes, and to decrease the number of reactive oxygen species present in the cell. We have used a targeted GC-MS approach to identify compounds that differ in three different cultivars of bread wheat characterized by different levels of tolerance to drought under drought stress (Kukri, intolerant; Excalibur and RAC875, tolerant). Levels of amino acids, most notably proline, tryptophan, and the branched chain amino acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine were increased under drought stress in all cultivars. In the two tolerant cultivars, a small decrease in a large number of organic acids was also evident. Excalibur, a cultivar genotypically related to Kukri, showed a pattern of response that was more similar to Kukri under well-watered conditions. Under drought stress, Excalibur and RAC875 had a similar response; however, Excalibur did not have the same magnitude of response as RAC875. Here, the results are discussed in the context of previous work in physiological and proteomic analyses of these cultivars under drought stress. | 38517521 |
4,509,477 | A compiler and verifier for page access oblivious computation Trusted hardware primitives such as Intel's SGX instructions provide applications with a protected address space, called an enclave, for trusted code and data. However, building enclaves that preserve confidentiality of sensitive data continues to be a challenge. The developer must not only avoid leaking secrets via the enclave's outputs but also prevent leaks via side channels induced by interactions with the untrusted platform. Recent attacks have demonstrated that simply observing the page faults incurred during an enclave's execution can reveal its secrets if the enclave makes data accesses or control flow decisions based on secret values. To address this problem, a developer needs compilers to automatically produce confidential programs, and verification tools to certify the absence of secret-dependent page access patterns (a property that we formalize as page-access obliviousness). To that end, we implement an efficient compiler for a type and memory-safe language, a compiler pass that enforces page-access obliviousness with low runtime overheads, and an automatic, modular verifier that certifies page-access obliviousness at the machine-code level, thus removing the compiler from our trusted computing base. We evaluate this toolchain on several machine learning algorithms and image processing routines that we run within SGX enclaves. | 12532171 |
4,509,478 | Simon Gwyn Roberts, From the Welsh Border to the World: Travels in Minority Languages increased coverage of health issues by the media and the fact that ‘the media are increasingly raising issues traditionally connected to the private sphere in public spaces’ (p. 11). The empirical data presented in the volume are from the Nordic countries, which the editors argue present an interesting case study of very high levels of press freedom coupled up with a high level of regulation and a high level of media consumption. The book is split into four main parts with 10 chapters in total, the majority of which utilize qualitative approaches. Part I, ‘Personalized Service Journalism’, consists of two chapters – one presenting a study of two tabloid Norwegian newspapers and another one ‘offering a historical overview of the development of personalized traits in health news’. Part II, ‘Health, Identity and Stigma’, then comprises three chapters on a series of articles in a Danish newspaper called Hit by Life, a Norwegian TV series on a young journalist coming to grips with his homosexuality and the coverage of a doping scandal. Part III, ‘Media and Health Politics’, includes three chapters presenting ‘three cases in which health has been politicized to varying degrees in the media’ (p. 16) – egg donation, a social media campaign by parents who have lost their care benefits in Norway and the digitization of the health service in Finland. The final part, ‘Covering and Coping with Crises’, involves two chapters related to health crises – the Ebola outbreak’s | 235233221 |
4,509,479 | coverage by Danish and Norwegian newspapers, and journalists’ own potential drama as a result of dealing with crises. All in all, this is a rich volume offering an interesting selection of case studies from the Nordic countries. | 235233221 |
4,509,480 | Cloud-based tools for teaching higher mathematics to future engineers: the USA experience Among the components of fundamental training of an engineer as a highly qualified specialist is the acquisition of knowledge in higher mathematics and the ability to apply the acquired knowledge in professional activities. One of the countries where the use of information and communication technologies in teaching higher mathematics to engineering students is given due attention is the United States of America.The basic level of engineering education in the USA is a bachelor's degree (4 years). There is no government industry standard for higher education in the United States: there is a strong accreditation system led by ABET (Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology), a non-governmental organization, which, in particular, evaluates the quality of training in engineering specialties based on the "Engineering Criteria 2000" (Engineering Criteria 2000 - EC2000). The third criterion defines the requirements to the knowledge and skills of engineering graduates, among which the "ability to apply applied knowledge in mathematics, science and engineering in professional activities" has a high weight. | 251972571 |
4,509,481 | A Critical Review of Multinational Companies, Their Structures and Strategies and Their Link with International Human Resource Management This review paper critically examines multinational company; discuss its merits and demerits for host countries and debates on its various types of structures and strategies. The main part of this critical review relates about the various types of structures and strategies which multinational companies adopt while conducting business across boarders. It starts by defining Multinational Company discussing its merits and demerits, analysing the various components of its strategies and structures and comparing the merits and demerits of these different types of structures and strategies. A thematic approach rather than chronological approach has been used mainly due to the purpose and approach necessary for such type of review. The thematic approach enables an analysis of a specific topic or theme without considering the chronological order of which the research has been conducted. In latter part this review discusses the relationship of these strategies with international human resource management and also highlights the implications of different companies' strategies and structures for the international human resource management (IHRM). And at end we concluded that the role of IHRM varies in different types of organizational structures and therefore the implications of these structures are also vary for international HRM. Keywords- International Human Resource Management, Models, Structures and Strategies, Multinational Companies | 6042321 |
4,509,482 | From computing with numbers to computing with numeric words In 2008, Lotfi Zadeh concluded that to make significant progress toward achievement of human level machine intelligence a paradigm shift is needed. In previous papers we introduced the computational information conservation theory (CICT) approach to get more effective and reliable cognitive, biophysical, and biomedical engineering simulation solutions. CICT new computational information conservation awareness can open the way for a paradigm shift to recover lost coherence information in system description and to develop even advanced quantum cognitive systems. To achieve this result, in present paper, we show the fundamental pre-spatial geometro-arithmetic scheme defining optimized numeric word generators and relations to minimize the traditional multiscale statistic modeling veil opacity and information entropy generation. It is the first, fundamental step to an effective progression from computing with numbers to computing with numeric words with precisation of their meaning. This paper is a relevant contribution towards an effective and convenient “Science 2.0” universal computational framework to achieve deeper cognitive intelligence at your fingertips and beyond. | 11700421 |
4,509,483 | Organophilicity of Graphene Oxide for Enhanced Wettability of ZnO Nanorods. Interfacing two-dimensional graphene oxide (2D GO) platelets with one-dimensional zinc oxide nanorods (1D ZnO) would create mixed-dimensional heterostructures suitable for modern optoelectronic devices. However, there remains a lack in understanding of interfacial chemistry and wettability in GO-coated-ZnO nanorod heterostructures. Here, we propose a hydroxyl-based dissociation-exchange mechanism to understand interfacial interactions responsible for GO adsorption onto ZnO nanorod hydrophobic substrates. The proposed mechanism initiated from mixing GO suspension with various organics would allow us to overcome the poor wettability (θ ~ 140.5°) of the super-hydrophobic ZnO nanorods to the drop-casted GO. The addition of different classes of organics into the relatively high pH GO suspension with a volumetric ratio of 1:3 (organic-to-GO) is believed to introduce free radicals (-OH and -COOH), which consequently result in enhancing adhesion (chemisorption) between ZnO nanorods and GO platelets. The wettability study shows as high as 75% reduction in contact angle (θ = 35.5°) when the GO suspension is mixed with alcohols (e.g. ethanol) prior to interfacing with ZnO nanorods. The interfacial chemistry developed here brings forth a scalable tool for designing graphene-coated-ZnO heterojunctions for photovoltaics, photocatalysis, biosensors, and UV detectors. | 221162471 |
4,509,484 | Developing Groundwater Variability Probes and Wireless Sensor Networks for Characterizing the Subsurface Low Flow Field Groundwater monitoring plays a key role in understanding solute transport processes, including pollutant fate and transport mechanisms, detection of leaks from groundwater storage containers, and development of early warning systems for flooding and bank stability. Furthermore, incorporating these monitoring fields into remote stations with wireless data transmittal has proven useful in real-time data analysis and field forecasting. A promising new technology called the groundwater variability probe (GVP) was developed, tested, and integrated into a wireless field station with inclusion of soil moisture probes and pressure transducers for monitoring hydraulic conditions within a pond bank. The GVP is capable of measuring real-time centimeter-scale velocity magnitude, flow direction, hydraulic conductivity, and dispersion coefficient measurements simultaneously. We found that the GVP can effectively measure seepage velocity in dispersion-dominated regimes from 26 to 460 cm day-1 range and flow direction to within ±10°. The hydraulic conductivity was determined using Darcy's law. The GVP-derived velocity measurements were found to be within expected ranges of hydraulic conductivity. Dispersion coefficients of the plume were derived and found to be similar to values reported in the literature. A wireless sensor network was installed on a wet retention pond bank, allowing remote real-time access for monitoring changes in soil moisture, groundwater velocity, and stage fluctuations, providing insights into correlations with in-situ storm events. | 6754321 |
4,509,485 | [Alfentanil combination anesthesia in adeno-tonsillectomy in children--a comparison with ethrane inhalation anesthesia]. In two groups, each comprising 25 children undergoing adenotonsillectomy, two different methods of anaesthesia were used. Group I received ethrane inhalations, group II an alfentanil combination anaesthesia. The objective was to find out, whether or not the two methods differed in respect of haemodynamics, side-effects and practicability. In the patients of group II more haemodynamic stability, less ethrane consumption and faster postanaesthetic recovery was observed. The incidence of vomiting was equally low in both groups. Other side-effects ascribable to alfentanil, such as respiratory depression, chest rigidity and bradycardia, had no clinical significance. One may conclude from the results, that on account of the advantages described an alfentanil combination anaesthesia represents a true alternative to the routinely used "pure" inhalation anaesthesia in children undergoing adenotonsillectomy. | 25485471 |
4,509,486 | Extreme Civil War: Guerrilla Warfare, Environment, and Race on the Trans-Mississippi Frontier by Matthew M. Stith (review) Serious scholarly attention paid to Civil War guerrillas has increased dramatically within the last decade. In keeping with this movement to better understand the war’s irregular underbelly, Matthew M. Stith’s Extreme Civil War: Guerrilla Warfare, Environment, and Race on the Trans-Mississippi Frontier is a deeply researched attempt at integrating new characters—mainly Native Americans—as well as the environment itself into the guerrilla equation. While most studies of guerrilla violence have focused on a specific state, border zone, or part of a feature-defined area, Stith’s coverage of the transMississippi West is more geographically ambitious. Throughout the book, Stith moves back and forth between Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas, and the Indian Territory. To accommodate this wider reach, Extreme Civil War is divided chronologically into five chapters. The book begins in 1860 with a brief overview of life on the western frontier before the outbreak of regular war, and it ends—somewhat abruptly—in 1865 with the official collapse of the Confederacy. Stith’s decision to examine the trans-Mississippi West as a bloc is doubleedged. This expansive approach allows him to produce a more intricate account of how regular and irregular military forces interacted in the region. Taken together, the narratives of Federal soldiers, Choctaw and Chickasaw refugees, African American troops, guerrillas, women, and even children shed new light on the region-wide cause-and-effect relationships triggered by policy decisions, military outcomes, and environmental factors in each individual state or territory. That said, Stith does occasionally imply a level | 164546471 |
4,509,487 | of real-time connectedness between people, places, and events that did not exist during the war. On the environmental front, Stith examines two types of exchange. The first involves variables of the natural world—flora, fauna, topographical features, weather—influencing the waging of war. The second consists of cases wherein people physically altered the landscape or their use of it to affect the outcome of the war. These latter instances, though less frequent in the book, are fascinating. Stith explores efforts to burn acre upon acre of underbrush to neutralize guerrillas’ home-field advantage and the establishment of militarized communes to cope simultaneously with safety concerns and food shortages. At times these environmental explorations would benefit from comparative contextualization; Stith could have parsed to what extent these exchanges were unique to the irregular conflict of the trans-Mississippi region. Regardless, Stith 434 THE JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN HISTORY | 164546471 |
4,509,488 | Diseases of the generative nail apparatus. Part II: Nail bed Nail bed insults may affect the resultant nail product in a number of ways. If focal in nature, the severity and duration of the insult will determine the appearance of the nail product. Widespread insults may alter the size, shape or colour of the nail plate. Nail bed insults tend to present with more immediacy than nail matrical insults, as there is no need to wait until the nail grows out until the sign is obvious. We are less interested in the history of the event, than we are with the clinical sign being presented to us. Should treatment be required for focal nail bed insults, treatment is likely to be local and curative. Widespread nail bed insults may be associated with systemic diseases and if a result of local problems these may be difficult to treat. | 1335171 |
4,509,489 | P356 Italian Pediatricians Need Knowledge about Maltreatment and Abuse of children. Actions more than words Italian Medical Doctors do not receive adequate information about the reality of child abuse and maltreatment during their university studies and career, neither during their Specialization in Pediatrics. This lack of knowledge makes it difficult to recognize and to know how to intervene when we are in our own surgeries (if we become general doctors or pediatricians). In 2017 Istat (Italian Institute of Statistics) registered a hundred thousand children mistreated, of which 15 per cent were victims of domestic violence (one out of 5 of the total number of Italian children). The FIMP (Italian Federation of General Pediatricians), the organization which encompasses more than 7 thousand general pediatricians of the country (80 per cent), conscious of this difficulty has decided to improve the knowledge of general pediatricians, by organizing one day training session about all the principal types of abuse situations, the symptoms, signs, diagnosis, intervention in case of child abuse and maltreatments. There have been 26 sessions over the last 2 years, all around the country, each with about 50 partecipants and were conducted together with the Italian Society of Pediatricians (SIP). After this first step last June a national study group was instituted, with a national coordinator and one or two representatives for each of the twenty Italian region. This group aims to help spread knowledge about these themes and to create network of cooperation among professionals who take care of children in these situations. Last November the FIMP | 208411871 |
4,509,490 | signed an agreement with the Italian Authority’s Guarantor for Children and Adolescents to work together for create a map of every structure dedicated to the care of children and adolescents, such as hospitals, surgeries, health districts, law courts, courts for minors of every town and region, to make it easier for the doctors to intervene, cooperating with professionals in his own reality. The group also has an important role of psychological support of collegues when they feel in doubt or are afraid of intervening. As the International Convention of New York says: to pursue the best interest of the child, even if it is not so simple. | 208411871 |
4,509,491 | The calibration laboratories for the measurement of radon and short-lived radon decay products at the Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS) Abstract In order to guarantee a high level of accuracy in all areas concerned with radon and radon decay products measurement the BfS has established a quality assurance management system. A set of calibration chambers and containers was installed in the laboratories which were subsequently accredited as a German Calibration Service (DKD) Calibration Laboratory for the units of radon and the potential alpha energy concentration of its short-lived decay products. It is traced back to the national standard established at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), which is at the same time the national institute for science and technology, and the highest technical authority for metrology in Germany. The equipment makes possible scientific investigations as well as calibrations for the measuring quantity “concentration of Rn-222 in air” in the range between 50 Bq/m3 and 100 kBq/m3 and also for the measuring quantity “potential alpha-energy concentration” (PAEC) in the range between 2 MeV/cm3 (3.2 E-7 J/m3) and 4000 MeV/cm31 (*6 .4 E-4 J/m3). | 124636021 |
4,509,492 | H. Byron Earhart: A religious study of the Mount Haguro sect of Shugendō: an example of Japanese mountain religion. (Monumenta Nipponica Monograph Series.) xvi, 214 pp., 16 plates. Tokyo: Sophia University, [1970]. $6. to get a somewhat different view from that of Anglo-American experts, in this treatment which bears heavily on French sources. This is an anonymous translation from the French, and the somewhat irritating errors which occasionally occur are probably due to ignorance of Japan on the part of translator and proof-reader rather than the fault of the author. On p. 482, for example, the title to two pages of artists' genealogies has the misprint Kang-e for Kanga-e and two dates are given as ' Toward 1670 ' and ' Toward 1700 ' where one surmises a literal translation of vers which would have been better rendered as circa ; on p. 45 we find Igumo for Izumo ; on p. 147 ami-cha for ama-cha ; on p. 169 Nagoka for Nagaoka (correctly spelt in the map on p. 170). Illustration 292, which shows two sorts of roof tile, with different inscriptions, has a confusing explanation in its caption (found on pp. 333-4, some pages in front of the illustration), which is probably due to a misunderstanding of the French original by the translator. There is a great deal of useful material in the way of chronologies, charts, and tables in this book. There are 430 illustrations and 95 maps and line drawings. The latter are in their appropriate places in the text and among | 162865921 |
4,509,493 | the captions to the illustrations. The former are arranged in groups at the end of the chapters, and are preceded by a sequence of pages on which are printed the lengthy captions (except that the captions for the six illustrations which follow ch. i are printed along with those for ch. ii). The illustrations do not necessarily refer to details of the text, which does not include any reference by way of page or illustration number either to illustrations, or to line drawings. It is probably more efficient to read the text and look at the illustrations separately. The second operation by itself involves constant turning of pages to read the explanatory material. If the reader seeks illustrations to illuminate the text, he has to look at three places at once. It is not, in other words, an easy book to use, and its size makes it even more awkward to handle. However, once the reader has become familiar with the layout, the book is a good source of information on Japanese art and culture and is by no means to bo considered as a mere coffee-table ornament. | 162865921 |
4,509,494 | Towards an Interoperability Management System Managing interoperability in heterogeneous environments is of major importance for supporting collaboration between systems. Interoperability today is defined through the use of a Model Driven approach, which is able to represent information models and their transformations of constituent systems. Therefore, a solution for managing Model Driven Interoperability is needed. This paper presents the foundations of a solution for managing data interoperability within heterogeneous environments. Firstly, the key features of an Interoperability Management System are defined and characterised. Then a system architecture is proposed consisting of three layers: Interface, Kernel and Data. Finally, an implementation strategy is presented as the way to prove the proposed concept. | 6657571 |
4,509,495 | Reviews : Jean-Claude Perrot and Stuart J. Woolf. State and Statistics in France, 1789-1815, London, Harwood Academic Publishers, 1984. xii + 205pp. $39.00 covert instructions of the Comte d’Artois. By now the days of the chouannene were numbered, however, for General Hoche had taken command of the Republic’s forces m the west. With ample reinforcements from the Army of the Pyrenees, Hoche overran the Vendee and captured Stofflet and Charette. The Breton departments were brought to heel m a similar fashion and by June Puisaye was running for his life. The so-called pacification of 1796 brings Hutt’s study to a natural conclusion. Puisaye continued to entertain hopes of re-activatmg the British connection and contmued to defend | 144715671 |
4,509,496 | [OP.8D.01] CONTROLLING AND LOWERING BLOOD PRESSURE WITH THE MOBIUSHD DEVICE: FIRST-IN-MAN INTERIM RESULTS (CALM-FIM STUDY) Objective: To evaluate the safety and performance of the MobiusHD system in patients with resistant hypertension. Design and method: This is a multi-center (9 centers) non-randomized, first-in-man assessment of a nitinol self-expanding rectangular cuboid implant (MobiusHD) designed to increase carotid sinus arterial wall strain without impacting pulsatility or laminar flow. The geometric changes of the carotid sinus enhance baroreceptor sensitivity thus decreasing sympathetic activity and lowering BP. Patients with resistant hypertension (>3 antihypertensives, of which one is a diuretic, and office SBP >160 mmHg), without obstructive carotid disease received a unilateral carotid sinus MobiusHD implant. Incidence of serious adverse events and unanticipated adverse device effects were collected along with changes in blood pressure (BP) measured during 1.5-year follow-up. Results: So far 31 patients, mean age 52 (range 21–76) years, of the anticipated 50 patients received a MobiusHD implant of which 9 patients had failed on renal denervation. Mean pretreatment office BP was 182/107 (±18/15) mmHg with a median of 4.4 prescribed antihypertensives [daily defined dose (DDD): 7.4]. During follow-up 3 patients had serious adverse events (as adjudicated by the data safety monitoring board) related to procedure or device: hypotension (n = 2) and closure device failure, requiring repair (n = 1). At 180 days, 17 of the 20 patients had a reduction in office SBP >10 mmHg and/or 24-hr SBP >5 mmHg. Eight of these 17 patients had a reduction in DDD of antihypertensive medications. Figure. No caption available. Conclusions: So | 12777971 |
4,509,497 | far, implanting the MobiusHD device in patients with resistant hypertension seems to be safe and shows promising results in BP lowering. | 12777971 |
4,509,498 | Measurement of the charge asymmetry in top quark pairproduction in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV using the ATLASdetector A measurement of the top-antitop production charge asymmetry A_C is presented using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.04 fb^(−1) of pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are selected with a single lepton (electron or muon), missing transverse momentum and at least four jets of which at least one jet is identified as coming from a b-quark. A kinematic fit is used to reconstruct the tt event topology. After background subtraction, a Bayesian unfolding procedure is performed to correct for acceptance and detector effects. The measured value of A_C is A_C =−00190028 (stat)0024 (syst), consistent with the prediction from the MC@NLO Monte Carlo generator of A_C =0.006±0.002. Measurements of A_C in two ranges of invariant mass of the top-antitop pair are also shown. | 197441521 |
4,509,499 | Assessment of the dynamics of quality of life indicators in children with functional constipation during osteopathic treatment The article presents the records of a study of the effect of osteopathic treatment on gastrointestinal functions and quality of life in children with functional constipation. The study involved 40 patients, aged from 8 to 12, with signs of functional constipation according to Rome IV criteria, revision. The treatment duration was 8 weeks. Complaints were analysed, life quality and anxiety level were evaluated. It was found out that after osteopathic treatment the number of complaints decreased, quality of life indices improved, and the anxiety level decreased. | 252960921 |
Subsets and Splits
No saved queries yet
Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.