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42,021,614 | rishikeshs | 2024-11-01T21:13:30 | Ask HN: I collect IP address of users, but do not store it. Am I GDPR compliant? | For a side project of mine, I collect the IP address of users, log it to my server where the country of the user is identified(using ipinfo.io in the backend) and is saved in the database. Since I'm not storing the IP address as such, am I GDPR compliant? Do I need to add a consent banner?<p>I just store the country name. | null | 7 | 27 | [
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42,021,615 | bookofjoe | 2024-11-01T21:13:57 | Finland exports snow-saving mats to ski resorts hit by climate crisis | null | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/nov/01/finland-exports-snow-saving-mats-ski-resorts-climate-crisis | 4 | 1 | [
42022584
] | null | null | no_error | Finland exports snow-saving mats to ski resorts hit by climate crisis | 2024-11-01T13:50:55.000Z | Miranda Bryant | Before the arrival of electric fridges and freezers, people across Finland would saw a block of ice from a river or lake before the spring thaw, thickly cover it in an insulating layer of sawdust and stack it in barns, pits or ice cellars to protect produce from the warm air of the summer months.Amid global heating and increasingly unpredictable shorter winters, a modern twist on the traditional jään säilöminen (ice preservation) technique is now being touted as a way to save Europe’s struggling low- and medium-altitude ski resorts.Last month, the large French alpine ski resort Alpe du Grand Serre in the Isère announced it had been forced to close because it could not afford to become a year-round destination to offset its shorter winter season.Finns have used sawdust to preserve snow for decades, including for winter sports. More recently, they have deployed mats made of extruded polystyrene, the same material used in home insulation across the Nordic countries, which the manufacturers say lasts more than 20 years.The mats have been in use at ski resorts in Finland for several years – including at Levi in Kittilä and Ruka in Kuusamo – but this is the first season its developers, the Finnish company Snow Secure, have supplied snow storage outside Finland.It is being used in Tromsø Alpinpark in Krokelvdalen, Norway, and Saas-Fee, in Sastal, Switzerland, and from next year in Sierra Nevada in Andalucía, Spain, the southernmost ski resort in Europe, Tyrol Basin in Wisconsin and Ski Apache in New Mexico in the US.The principle of such snow farming is to collect snow at the end of the season to store and use at the start of the next. Marko Mustonen, the business manager of Levi ski resort in Kittilä, said it started recycling snow in 2016 to guarantee it could open in time for the annual World Cup Slalom in November. The beginning of winter he said, is less and less predictable – even in northern Finland. “The timeframe when we get the real winter, which means temperatures go below zero all the time, it can be from early October to mid-November.”Making snow “when Mother Nature allows us to make snow” also means the resort does not need to rely on more energy-intensive artificial snow when temperatures are warmer, he added.He said snow levels on the resort’s main trails this week were the same as they had been at the same point last year, despite September and October being exceptionally warm and air temperatures going below zero only in the past few days. “Because we have snow recycling we have been able to do exactly the same as last year for the start of the ski season.”Levi was receiving inquiries from ski resorts around Europe about snow farming, Mustonen said. “It’s getting more and more interest and we’re getting a lot of ski resorts from the Alps and other European ski resorts asking about it,” he said. “They have been curious to hear the results and how we do it.”Antti Lauslahti, the CEO of Snow Secure, said being able to guarantee the resort’s opening date allows businesses to reliably book staff, and tourists knew they wouldn’t be faced with last-minute disappointment. “The beginning of the season has become very unpredictable due to climate change.”Northern Finland is expected to see more snow as a result of a warmer climate putting more moisture into the air, but the greater variability, the changing length of the season and the quality of snow pose significant obstacles to winter sports.skip past newsletter promotionafter newsletter promotion“It takes longer in the autumn to for the seasonal snow cover, and it may melt earlier than earlier,” said the geophysicist Sirpa Rasmus, a researcher at the University of Lapland’s Arctic Centre. “Snow may come in the autumn, but then melt partially or altogether, and again and again several times.”Kati Anttila, a geophysicist at the Finnish Environment Institute, said snow changes were already affecting winter sports in Finland’s south, with wide variation between winters.In Helsinki, the mean length of the snow season between 1991 and 2020 was 97 days. But in 2019, the snow season was just four days long. “In southern Finland it is already very uncertain to organise skiing competitions because the snow conditions are so unpredictable and there have already been winters in the south when there has been hardly any snow,” she said.“This, combined with the increasing amount of rain and lack of sunlight in the winter, will make southern Finland a very dark place during winter.” | 2024-11-07T07:21:12 | en | train |
42,021,622 | todsacerdoti | 2024-11-01T21:14:57 | TLS 1.3 Hybrid Key Exchange Using X25519Kyber768M-KEM | null | https://www.netmeister.org/blog/tls-hybrid-kex.html | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | missing_parsing | TLS 1.3 Hybrid Key Exchange using X25519Kyber768 / ML-KEM | null | null |
October 31st, 2024
Over the last few months, we've seen a fair bit of
action in the industry relating to Post-Quantum Cryptography:
NIST at long last
standardized the Module-Lattice-Based
Key-Encapsulation Mechanism (ML-KEM), and browsers
and cloud providers started rolling out hybrid
key exchange in TLS 1.3 (primarily1 using X25519
with Kyber768). Having had to wrap my head around
what that TLS 1.3 hybrid key exchange handshake
actually looks like in practice, I figured I'd share
my explanation here as well:
For the most part, we're following the standard TLS 1.3 connection
flow. What's different here is what keys are
generated and how they're used, so let's focus on
that:
Yeah, there's a lot going on there. The good thing
is that this is pretty much the same for ML-KEM in all
its variations (e.g., X25519Kyber768Draft00,
X25519MLKEM768, or SecP256r1MLKEM7682). But let's put
this in words:
We begin with key generation on the client
side. Here, the client generates a KEM public/private key
pair as well as an X25519 public/private key pair. The client also
generates a standalone X25519 public/private key
pair as a failover in case the server doesn't speak
X25519Kyber768Draft00 / X25519MLKEM768. If the server
speaks X25519Kyber768Draft00 / X25519MLKEM768, then
this key isn't used at all -- we generated and sent it
for nothing, hooray!
The client then begins a normal TLS 1.3 handshake
with a ClientHello that contains the
named groups "X25519Kyber768Draft00" or
"X25519MLKEM768" as well as "X25519" in the "Supported
Groups" extension. In addition, in the "KeyShare"
extension, the client then sends the two
keyshares: a hybrid keyshare, constructed by
concatenating the public KEM key with the public X25519
key, and the pure X25519 public
key keyshare.
If you capture the handshake using tcpdump(1) and view it in Wireshark, the
ClientHello then looks as shown
below:
For X25519MLKEM768, this looks almost identical,
only instead of "Supported Group" 0x6399, it would use 0x11ec; instead of "Key Share
Entry Group" 25497, it would
use 4588 as per IANA
assignment3:
The server then extracts the client's X25519 and KEM public keys from the combined
keyshare and generates its own X25519 public /
private
key pair. It then uses its private key
and the client's public key to
calculate the X25519 shared secret (❎).
Next, the server uses the KEM
encapsulation function with the client's public KEM
key to calculate the second part of the shared
secret (♒) and the KEM cipher text (🛅). The
two shared secrets (❎ and ♒) are
then concatenated as the final shared secret
(🟥) for the TLS 1.3 key schedule. Finally,
the server concatenates its X25519 public
key with the cipher text (🛅) to create
the X25519Kyber768Draft00 keyshare to send back to the
client in the ServerHello:
Now the client can grab the server's X25519 public
key and combine that with its X25519 private
key to calculate the X25519 shared secret
(❎). It then uses the cipher text (🛅)
together with its KEM private key and passes those to
the Decaps function to yield
the second part of the shared secret (♒). As on
the server side, it then concatenates the two
(❎ and ♒) to yield the final shared
secret (🟥).
At this point, both sides have the same shared
secret (🟥) and can use it in the TLS 1.3 key
schedule in place of the (EC)DHE shared secret as
input to the HKDF-Extract
function, and we continue with the remainder of the
normal TLS
1.3 protocol.
Size matters
The one thing to note here is that the use of the
Hybrid Key Exchange with either Kyber or ML-KEM is
significantly increasing the number of bytes in both
the ClientHello and ServerHello: The X25519 public
keys are each 32 bytes in size, while the public
ML-KEM-768 / Kyber768 keys are 1,184 bytes in size,
meaning the typical ClientHello will now include an
additional 1,216 bytes.4. The ServerHello increases by 1,020
bytes (1,088 cipher text + 32 bytes X25519 public
key).
If we then at some point down the line add
additional PQC groups (e.g., SecP256r1MLKEM768),
this could add another 1,216 bytes. At this point
we're well beyond the typical MTU size and will see
fragmentation of packets. To attempt to bring down
the size and only send key shares that the server
accepts, one possible solution is to use the new(ish)
HTTPS/SVCB DNS records to
signal
supported key shares, but that's still very early
stages (and browsers have as of yet not even
universally adopted HTTPS/SVCB records).
How this plays out with the
different middleboxes (both hostile and, uhm,
"friendly") or what the increased ClientHello size means for e.g., a
CDN's busy edge systems is something we'll find out in
the coming months...
October 31st, 2024
Footnotes:
[1] Chrome announced
in September that they will include ML-KEM in Chrome
131, scheduled to go stable on
November 11th, 2024; Firefox shipped support for
ML-KEM in Release
132; Cloudflare says they have X25519MLKEM768
enabled "on essentially all websites served through
Cloudflare" as
of October 15th, 2024.
[2] The naming of these supported
groups is infuritating.
With hybrid key exchange, we have two key shares that
we concatenate. The first widely used hybrid kex was
X25519Kyber768, where the concatenated key shares are
(sensibly) "X25519" and "Kyber768". Similarly, in
"SecP256r1MLKEM768", the key share concatenation is
"SecP256r" + "MLKEM768". However, in
"X25519MLKEM768", the concatenated key share is made
up of "MLKEM768" first and "X25519"
second, suggesting a reasonable name might be
"MLKEM768X25519", but people wanted to keep the string
"MLKEM" as the second name.
It's got strong "The hex version of TLS 1.0
is 0x0301, because it comes
after SSL 3.0, so TLS 1.3 is 0x0304, but the TLS version in the
Record Header is still advertized as 0x0301, then advertized as 0x0303 as the Client Version, then
finally announced as 0x0304
in the "Supported Versions" extension." vibes (see also), and
we'll be stuck having to remember "sometimes the order
of the key shares is reflected in the name, sometimes
it's the other way around" for years.
🙄
[3] 4588
and 0x11ec are the same
number; I don't know why Wireshark shows the Key Share
Entry Group in decimal and the Supported Group in
Hexadecimal.
[4] Chrome 130 provides an
experimental flag #use-ml-kem, which enables ML-KEM
and disables Kyber; Firefox 132 seems
to only use ML-KEM. This is not surprising:
enabling both Kyber and ML-KEM simultaneously
(e.g., as an interim phase until Kyber768 is
completely removed) would mean the client sends an
additional 2,432 bytes (1,216 for each plus 32 bytes
for a fallback X25519 keyshare).
Links:
Post-Quantum Cryptography in January 2024
Use of HTTPS Resource Records
Capturing specific SSL and TLS version packets using tcpdump(8))
| 2024-11-08T17:59:32 | null | train |
42,021,624 | arzzen | 2024-11-01T21:15:06 | null | null | null | 1 | null | null | null | true | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,627 | joeyjiron06 | 2024-11-01T21:15:28 | Show HN: Beta Launch Announcement: AI-Powered Tool for Web Developers – Sign Up | Hey HN community,<p>Excited to share my new project tailored for web developers! I’ve built an AI-powered tool that combines the power of AI and Tailwind CSS to help you create beautiful, responsive landing pages in seconds. No more painstaking hours of coding and design – our tool generates wireframes that you can export and further customize with ease.<p>I’m in the beta phase and would greatly appreciate your feedback. As a token of appreciation, I’m offering limited free access to the beta. Your insights will be crucial in refining and enhancing the tool to meet our community's needs.<p>Don't miss out! Visit landmarkai.dev to sign up for free and be a part of this exciting journey.<p>Thanks for your support, and happy coding!<p>Joey Jiron | https://landmarkai.dev | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,672 | brunothedev | 2024-11-01T21:21:04 | Don't base your life on statistics | null | https://brunothedev.github.io/p/2024-11-01-life_isnt_statistics.html | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | no_error | Don't base your life on statistics | null | null |
Basing how likely you are at succeeding at something on statistics(let's call it the frequentist worldview) is part of one of the worst types of ideas, it's the type of idea that is very wrong and has very bad consequences but simultaneously sounds reasonable and scientific.
The best argument against it is pure observation, for example, if we view a company succeeding as pure luck, then the people at the top of these companies should be in general proportional to the general population(or the upper class), but it isn't, these people have features that are common in their groups, but uncommon in the general population(or even the upper class), a good chunk of them is some kind of immigrant(WASPs founders are a dying breed), a good chunk of them has a weird worldview, etc.
The problem with the frequentist worldview is human diversity, having or not having some characteristic significantly alters the probability of the event measured, me having a computer and knowing english significantly altered the chances of i writing this, but this isn't measured by frequentism(bayesianism is kinda what i'm describing here, but in the real world, good luck measuring every little thing accurately, what are the chances of me having a computer? Unless you're a frequentist, measuring this isn't straightfoward, so we need more bayesianism, and this spirals out into a incoherent mess).
The consequences of this worldview is... mediocrity, if you believe nothing is in your control, you don't do anything weird or novel, you die, molded into the crowd.
| 2024-11-08T08:44:00 | en | train |
42,021,676 | todsacerdoti | 2024-11-01T21:21:58 | Booking.com Phishers May Leave You with Reservations | null | https://krebsonsecurity.com/2024/11/booking-com-phishers-may-leave-you-with-reservations/ | 4 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,689 | eummm | 2024-11-01T21:23:29 | Show HN: Robots.txt generator for blocking AI crawlers | null | https://aisearchwatch.com/t/protect-from-ai/ | 9 | 1 | [
42031304
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,701 | tosh | 2024-11-01T21:24:50 | Learning Fennel from Clojure | null | https://fennel-lang.org/from-clojure | 4 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,739 | chr1ngel | 2024-11-01T21:29:08 | I'm Back Film | null | https://imback.eu/home/product/ibfilm-im-back-film/ | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,759 | cannibalXxx | 2024-11-01T21:31:43 | Review of popular front-end frameworks | During my time as a programmer, I've had the opportunity to come across many technologies that have helped me in some way with my productivity. And today I want to give you a short review of some frameworks that can increase your productivity. Let me know in the comments if I've left any unmentioned.<p>## React<p>* Description: If you've got your eye on Facebook or Instagram, chances are you're looking at React. It's a popular way of creating websites and applications, where you can break down your user interface into small pieces called components.<p>* Pros: Many people love React for its speed. It makes things happen quickly, which is great when you're creating complex applications. It's also nice because there are lots of people out there using it, so if you get stuck, there are lots of people to ask for help.<p>* Cons: At first, it can be a little difficult to understand how it works. And you can't just use React to build an app - you usually need to pick up a few other things to make it complete.<p>## Vue<p>* Description: Imagine Vue.js as the all-inclusive vacation package of JavaScript frameworks. It's easy to pick up and use, so if you're new to it, it's a good choice. Plus, it's quite flexible, so if you want to start small and add things gradually, you can do that.<p>* Pros: Many people love Vue.js because it's easy to learn and you can start seeing results quickly. And because it's flexible, you don't have to change everything if you decide to do something differently later.<p>* Cons: You may not find as many people using Vue.js as React, so it can be a little harder to find help when you need it.<p>## Angular<p>* Description: Angular is one of the veterans of front-end frameworks. It is powerful and has many integrated tools. If you're building something big and complicated, Angular could be a good choice.<p>* Pros: If you like having lots of tools at your disposal, Angular is for you. It has lots of things built in, which can save you time and effort.<p>* Cons: But all this can make it a bit complicated for beginners. They also often change things, so you need to keep an eye out for updates.<p>## Svelte<p>* Description: Svelte is like a new neighbor on the block. It arrived recently, but is attracting attention with its different way of doing things. Unlike other frameworks that do the work in the browser, Svelte does most of the work during compilation, which makes it very fast.<p>* Pros: If you like things fast and clean, Svelte is a great choice. It creates applications that are small and fast, which is great for users.<p>* Cons: But because it's new, it can be harder to find help when you get stuck. And not everyone is using it yet, so it might not be the best choice if you work in a team that already has your favorite tools.<p>## Ember<p>* Description: Ember.js is like the cool teacher at school - he has a plan and you're going to follow it. It comes with a lot of rules and conventions, which can be good if you like to have everything organized from the start.<p>* Pros: If you like to have everything organized and follow a plan, Ember.js is perfect for you. It has a lot of integrated tools and a strong community, so there's a lot of help out there.<p>* Cons: But if you like to do things your way, you might find Ember.js a bit restrictive. And it can be a bit tricky at first, as there are a lot of rules to learn. | null | 5 | 6 | [
42024546,
42029013,
42029706
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,768 | mooreds | 2024-11-01T21:32:45 | Improve Agility and Cost Using Platform Engineering | null | https://www.matscloud.com/blog/2024/02/03/improve-agility-and-cost-using-platform-engineering/ | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,775 | jvanveen | 2024-11-01T21:34:28 | Show HN: Codecrew LLM Issue Refinement | null | https://codeberg.org/garage44/codecrew | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | no_error | codecrew | null | garage44 |
Code crew
AI-powered issue management for issue trackers using CrewAI and Claude.
Quick Start
#Setup
uv venv
source .venv/bin/activate
uv pip install -e .
#Configure
cp .env.template .env
# Index repository for semantic search:
python -m src.cli index
# Test search:
python -m src.cli search "how does issue tracking work"
# Clearing embeddings:
python -m src.cli clear
Environment Variables
CODEBERG_TOKEN=Your Codeberg API token
ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=Your Claude API key
VOYAGE_API_KEY=Your Voyage AI API key # Required for code embeddings
Usage
python -m src.main
Development
Uses pyproject.toml for dependencies
Formatting: black
Linting: ruff
Protected files: See .cursorcfg
Security
Never commit .env
Keep tokens secure
Sensitive files are excluded from AI processing
The .chroma directory contains embeddings and can be regenerated
License
MIT
| 2024-11-08T00:09:55 | en | train |
42,021,785 | lifeisstillgood | 2024-11-01T21:35:39 | Action Comics 1 – 1938. Superman. – PDF – DC Comics | null | https://www.scribd.com/document/238634075/Action-Comics-1-1938-Superman | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,786 | pbrowne011 | 2024-11-01T21:36:01 | The performance of hashing for similar function detection | null | https://edmcman.github.io/blog/2024-01-11--fuzzy-hashing-for-code-comparisons/ | 58 | 2 | [
42037468
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,792 | dhaus | 2024-11-01T21:36:20 | Show HN: Openfeature PostHog Provider in Go | [Openfeature](<a href="https://openfeature.dev/" rel="nofollow">https://openfeature.dev/</a>) provider in Go for [PostHog](<a href="https://posthog.com/">https://posthog.com/</a>) | https://github.com/dhaus67/openfeature-posthog-go | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,811 | null | 2024-11-01T21:38:53 | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"true"
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,819 | paulpauper | 2024-11-01T21:39:57 | Battle of the Borders | null | https://www.betonit.ai/p/battle-of-the-borders | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,823 | campuscodi | 2024-11-01T21:40:20 | null | null | null | 12 | null | null | null | true | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,826 | sieste | 2024-11-01T21:40:45 | Harnessing Vision for Computation [pdf] | null | https://gwern.net/doc/cs/algorithm/2008-changizi.pdf | 3 | 1 | [
42022028
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,834 | fanf2 | 2024-11-01T21:42:03 | An introduction to the Filament hardware design language | null | https://gabizon103.github.io/blog/intro-filament/ | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,838 | paulpauper | 2024-11-01T21:42:27 | In Favor of Cultural Christianity, or the Story of Josh Chris | null | https://extelligence.substack.com/p/in-favor-of-cultural-christianity | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,843 | paulpauper | 2024-11-01T21:43:12 | The Personality Test 2.0 | null | https://www.clearerthinking.org/post/announcing-the-ultimate-personality-test-2-0 | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,848 | janandonly | 2024-11-01T21:43:40 | Thousands go to fake AI-invented Dublin Halloween parade – Euronews | null | https://www.euronews.com/culture/2024/11/01/thousands-go-to-fake-ai-invented-dublin-halloween-parade | 4 | 1 | [
42022637
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,853 | lsllc | 2024-11-01T21:44:11 | The British Roswell Incident: When Aliens Visited London [video] | null | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WpRGQm3nI4 | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,866 | PaulHoule | 2024-11-01T21:45:15 | Cambodian company strips protected areas of timber for export | null | https://news.mongabay.com/short-article/cambodian-company-strips-protected-areas-of-timber-for-export/ | 20 | 1 | [
42024642
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,872 | airstrike | 2024-11-01T21:46:18 | Midjourney External Image Editor | null | https://www.midjourney.com/updates/external-image-editor | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,878 | HideInNews | 2024-11-01T21:46:42 | The Senior Shortcut | null | https://skamille.medium.com/the-senior-shortcut-fadffe5503fd | 5 | 0 | null | null | null | no_error | The Senior Shortcut - Camille Fournier - Medium | 2024-10-11T15:59:47.774Z | Camille Fournier | Many have predicted the death of the “junior engineer” thanks to AI; after all, if AI can do all of the simple tasks, we don’t need to hire people who are only capable of handling those tasks anymore. And indeed, I was at a dinner of director+-level engineering leaders recently where many said they had turned all of their hiring to solely focus on “senior engineers” in lieu of anyone else.Anyone who has thought about this for a moment sees the obvious problems. How do people ever become “senior engineers” if they don’t start out as junior ones?One possible answer can be found by observing a recent terminology shift in the way we talk about engineers. During the last 5 years I got away from differentiating between engineers by “senior” or “junior” and started referring to the latter as “early career.” Call it excessive wokeness, perhaps, but in a time when people were moving into tech from other professions, calling everyone who was just starting out in engineering “junior” felt awkward and wrong. Since everyone has to go through “early career” at some point, perhaps the answer is not that we aren’t hiring early career so much as we expect those folks to be more skilled, senior, independent from the jump? Better get busy with those side projects and internships, college students! Of course, why would we ever hire interns if we aren’t even hiring new grads?But people mean more than skills when they talk about hiring only senior engineers; many times they also want independence of work habits, and the judgement that comes from having experienced different successes and failures. That is much harder to shortcut. I have seen many college students come through my teams over my career, and even ones with extremely strong programming skills and good work experience were rarely capable of reaching their potential without mentoring and management, and usually lacked the ability to reliably differentiate between ideas that sounded good but wouldn’t work in the context of the team/company/technology, and ideas that were a good fit given these constraints.We could leave all of the training of early career people to big companies; they may be hiring fewer early career engineers but they’re still hiring them, and big companies have always been a good place for engineers to cut their teeth. But here I would argue we get to a different problem. As my friend Shanti said on twitter:Seniority isn’t a particular space, it’s just a label for what the particular organization values. Many Senior engineers are products of the incentive structures of their orgs, and part of that is, unfortunately, calcified Opinions.When you leave all training of early career engineers to big companies, you’re going to get a lot of big company Opinions coming out. One of the nice things about senior engineers trained at smaller companies and startups is that they are comfortable in ambiguity, they are comfortable in a mess, and they don’t necessarily bring quite as many Opinions, having been exposed to more varied technology in their formative years. I would guess that most startups want senior engineers who are not only technically solid and independent, but capable of adapting to the environment, and the best training for that comes from startups. You don’t absolutely have to work your early career in startups to have this flexibility (after all, I spent my early career in finance and managed to stay flexible enough), but it certainly helps.At this stage of my career, I recognize that I define “senior” somewhat more strictly than many people. When I talk about senior hiring, I am not talking about people with 3–7 years of experience who can be trusted to write good code independently and own projects; I’m thinking about the people who can act as the technical leaders for that group. And if this is what you are hoping to hire, those magic 10Xers who can really take on the nasty projects and untangle them for you, I have bad news about relying on external senior hiring to do the job. Because the more senior you are hiring, the higher the likelihood that they will be quite brilliant but incapable of adapting to the culture of your company and engineering team enough to do the non-technical work that has to happen for these types of projects to succeed.However, if you hire strong early career engineers, some percentage of them will turn out to have the potential to become those 10Xers. If you can retain them over time, they will grow to lead the game-changing initiatives of your company, being both technically capable and fully embedded in your company’s culture. Those years growing up with you give them an internal network and high baseline of trust that is so critical for success when you’re talking about big technology projects. Sure, not every early career hire will turn out this way: many will leave within the first three years, some that never found their footing, and others that were great but itchy to try new things. But I’ve yet to see a perfect shortcut; you’re going to hire the wrong people whether you hire only junior or only senior, and you’re inevitably going to lose some of the right ones either way.If you’re thinking about the long game, and hoping to build a company that will last, you probably want to invest in at least some early career hiring during periods of growth. The truth is we’re in a prisoner’s dilemma here; you can try to be the company that defects and wins because of it, but if too many of us defect, we’re all going to pay. Given the uncertain nature of what you “win” by only hiring senior people in the first place, I would question the value of this bet. If you are working in a niche area, with a very small company that you expect to remain small, go nuts: hire and fire senior people until you get the right mix. But if you have aspirations to not just build a company, but to grow to a point where you can influence the industry, you may want to reconsider your all-senior stance. Don’t underestimate the value early career engineers can bring to a team; unless we’re a dying profession, their continued existance and success is the basis for our future.PS: If you are hoping to hire only senior people so you can avoid having to manage them, you’re delusional. Enjoy your house of cards and pray there are no stiff breezes in your future.Enjoy this post? You might like my books: The Manager’s Path, available on Amazon and Safari Online, and Platform Engineering: A Guide for Technical, Product, and People Leaders, available now as ebook and shipping physical copies in November! | 2024-11-08T15:08:29 | en | train |
42,021,884 | steven86 | 2024-11-01T21:47:23 | null | null | null | 1 | null | null | null | true | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,900 | BUFU | 2024-11-01T21:49:41 | Amazon CEO Andy Jassy Hints at an 'Agentic' Alexa | null | https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/31/amazon-ceo-andy-jassy-hints-at-an-agentic-alexa/ | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,904 | donsupreme | 2024-11-01T21:50:29 | Hugh Hewitt quits The Washington Post after storming off newspaper's live show | null | https://www.cnn.com/2024/11/01/media/hugh-hewitt-quits-washington-post-live-show/index.html | 10 | 0 | null | null | null | no_error | Hugh Hewitt quits The Washington Post after storming off newspaper’s live show | CNN Business | 2024-11-01T18:47:44.088Z | Liam Reilly |
New York
CNN
—
Conservative radio host Hugh Hewitt resigned from his contributing columnist role at The Washington Post on Friday after storming off the newspaper’s live show over a disagreement with his colleagues.
Hewitt’s resignation came after an appearance on “First Look,” the Post’s live show hosted by Jonathan Capehart, alongside Ruth Marcus, an associate editor and columnist at the Post, during a discussion over former President Donald Trump legal efforts in battleground states.
“Is it me, or does it seem like, this week, Donald Trump is laying the groundwork for contesting the election by complaining that cheating was taking place in Pennsylvania by suing Bucks County for alleged irregularities?” Capehart asked Marcus and Hewitt.
“No election can be fair in Donald Trump’s mind unless Donald Trump wins it,” Marcus said before Hewitt interjected.
“I’ve just got to say we are newspeople even though we’re with the opinion section. It’s got to be reported — Bucks County was reversed by the court and instructed to open up extra days because they violated the law and told people to go home,” Hewitt said. “So, that lawsuit was by the Republican National Committee, and it was successful.”
Hewitt was referencing a recent successful bid by the Trump campaign and RNC to extend mail-in voting in the Philadelphia suburb. On Wednesday morning, the campaign filed a lawsuit claiming the county had illegally turned away “many” voters before Tuesday’s 5 p.m. deadline to apply in person. A Pennsylvania judge sided with the trio on the same day.
“We are news people, even though we have opinions, and we have to report the whole story if we bring up part of the story,” Hewitt added. “So yes, he’s upset about Bucks County, but he was right, and he won in court. That’s the story.”
Capehart replied: “I don’t appreciate being lectured about reporting when, Hugh, many times you come here saying lots of things that aren’t based in fact.”
“I will not come back, Jonathan, how’s that? I’m done,” Hewitt fired back as he stood up from his chair and removed his earpiece. “This is the most unfair election ad I have ever been a part of.”
“You guys are working, that’s fine, I’m done,” Hewitt said before walking off screen.
After storming off the show, Hewitt confirmed to Fox News that he had parted ways with The Post.
“I have in fact quit the Post but I was only writing a column for them every six weeks or so,” Hewitt told Fox.
A spokesperson for the Post did not directly comment on Hewitt’s resignation but said, “As the newsroom’s live journalism platform, Washington Post Live is known for its dynamic conversations and thought-provoking perspectives on top issues of the day, such as this morning’s “First Look” program.”
Hewitt, who joined the Post in 2017 and hosts a nationally-syndicated radio show for Salem Media, has been one of the few conservative voices for the Post’s otherwise left-leaning Opinion desk. His last opinion piece, one of seven he has written in 2024, was a column calling for Trump’s MAGA movement to “evolve” under a second Trump administration.
Hewitt’s departure comes after a tumultuous week at the Post, where three members of the newspaper’s editorial board resigned in protest over billionaire Post owner Jeff Bezos’ decision not to endorse a candidate in the presidential race. In the wake of the decision, more than 250,000 readers canceled their subscriptions, the newspaper reported.
| 2024-11-08T12:56:25 | en | train |
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42,021,941 | hn_acker | 2024-11-01T21:56:05 | Migrants Face Mass Kidnappings as U.S. and Mexico Ramp Up Enforcement | null | https://www.propublica.org/article/immigration-mexico-us-migrants-mass-kidnappings-cartels-border | 11 | 3 | [
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42,021,949 | metehan777 | 2024-11-01T21:56:29 | null | null | null | 1 | null | null | null | true | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,966 | rntn | 2024-11-01T21:58:28 | Voting machine companies are fighting the next disinformation war | null | https://www.theverge.com/2024/11/1/24284887/smartmatic-dominion-voting-machine-companies-trust-disinformation | 14 | 2 | [
42022054,
42021988
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42,021,970 | baal80spam | 2024-11-01T21:59:00 | Apple vs. Adobe at AI photo clean up | null | https://petapixel.com/2024/10/31/apple-vs-adobe-one-is-clearly-better-at-ai-photo-clean-up/ | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,021,975 | NKosmatos | 2024-11-01T21:59:43 | Synology zero-click Vulnerability in Photos app | null | https://www.wired.com/story/synology-zero-click-vulnerability/ | 4 | 1 | [
42022012
] | null | null | Failed after 3 attempts. Last error: Quota exceeded for quota metric 'Generate Content API requests per minute' and limit 'GenerateContent request limit per minute for a region' of service 'generativelanguage.googleapis.com' for consumer 'project_number:854396441450'. | Zero-Click Flaw Exposes Potentially Millions of Popular Storage Devices to Attack | 2024-11-01T06:00:00.000-04:00 | Kim Zetter | A popular device and application used by millions of individuals and businesses around the world to store documents is vulnerable to a zero-click flaw, a group of Dutch researchers have discovered.The vulnerability, which is called zero-click because it doesn’t require a user to click on anything to be infected, affects a photo application installed by default on popular network-attached storage (NAS) devices made by the Taiwanese firm Synology. The bug would allow attackers to gain access to the devices to steal personal and corporate files, plant a backdoor, or infect the systems with ransomware to prevent users from accessing their data.The SynologyPhotos application package comes preinstalled and enabled by default on Synology’s line of BeeStation storage devices but is also a popular application downloaded by users of its DiskStation storage systems, which allow users to augment their storage capacity with removable components. Several ransomware groups have targeted network-attached storage devices made by Synology and others in recent years, going back to at least 2019. Earlier this year, users of Synology’s DiskStation system specifically reported being hit with ransomware.Rick de Jager, a security researcher at Midnight Blue in the Netherlands, discovered the vulnerability in two hours as part of the Pwn2Own hacking contest in Ireland. He and colleagues Carlo Meijer, Wouter Bokslag, and Jos Wetzels conducted a scan of internet-connected devices and uncovered hundreds of thousands of Synology NASes connected online that are vulnerable to the attack. The researchers say, however, that millions of other devices are potentially vulnerable and accessible to the attack.They, along with the Pwn2Own organizers, notified Synology about the vulnerability last week.Network-attached storage systems are considered high-value targets for ransomware operators because they store large volumes of data. Many users connect them directly to the internet from their own networks or use Synology’s cloud storage to back up data to these systems online. The researchers tell WIRED that while the systems can be set up with a gateway that requires credentials to access them, the part of the photo application that contains the zero-click vulnerability does not require authentication, so attackers can exploit the vulnerability directly over the internet without needing to bypass a gateway. The vulnerability gives them root access to install and execute any malicious code on the device.The researchers also said the photo application, which helps users organize photos, provided easy access whether customers connect their NAS device directly to the internet themselves or through Synology’s QuickConnect service, which allows users to access their NAS remotely from anywhere. And once attackers find one cloud-connected Synology NAS, they can easily locate others due to the way the systems get registered and assigned IDs.“There are a lot of these devices that are connected to a private cloud through the QuickConnect service, and those are exploitable as well, so even if you don’t directly expose it to the internet, you can exploit [the devices] through this service, and that’s devices in the order of millions,” says Wetzels.The researchers were able to identify cloud-connected Synology NASes owned by police departments in the United States and France, as well as a large number of law firms based in the US, Canada, and France, and freight and oil tank operators in Australia and South Korea. They even found ones owned by maintenance contractors in South Korea, Italy, and Canada that work on power grids and in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries.“These are firms that store corporate data … management documents, engineering documents and, in the case of law firms, maybe case files,” Wetzels notes.The researchers say ransomware and data theft aren’t the only concern with these devices—attackers could also turn infected systems into a botnet to service and conceal other hacking operations, such as a massive botnet that Volt Typhoon hackers from China had built from infected home and office routers to conceal their espionage operations.Synology did not respond to a request for comment, but the company’s web site posted two security advisories related to the issue on October 25, calling the vulnerability “critical.” The advisories, which confirmed that the vulnerability was discovered as part of the Pwn2Own contest, indicate that the company released patches for the vulnerability. Synology’s NAS devices do not have automatic update capability, however, and it’s not clear how many customers know about the patch and have applied it. With the patch released, it also makes it easier for attackers to now figure out the vulnerability from the patch and design an exploit to target devices.“It’s not trivial to find [the vulnerability] on your own, independently,” Meijer tells WIRED, “but it is pretty easy to figure out and connect the dots when the patch is actually released and you reverse-engineer the patch.” | 2024-11-07T20:02:52 | null | train |
42,021,984 | sieste | 2024-11-01T22:00:27 | Literacy is good or bad, perhaps | null | https://www.woman-of-letters.com/p/literacy-is-good-or-bad-perhaps | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | no_error | Literacy is good or bad, perhaps | 2024-10-03T14:01:33+00:00 | Naomi Kanakia | Once upon a time, a woman read an extremely convincing book called The Literacy Delusion. This book used the most up-to-date neurological and cognitive research to demonstrate that reading books was bad for you on every level. That the more books you read, the more unhappy you feel and the less effective you are at functioning in society. The genius of this book was that its authors (a behavioral scientist and a journalist who met through a fellowship at MIT's Design Lab) used all the methodologies developed to test whether or not social media is bad, and they applied those methodologies to the act of reading books, resulting in the paradoxical finding that reading books was not just equally bad but that it was, in fact, quite a bit worse than TikTok and Instagram, precisely because books aren’t mere entertainment. Books are worse because they're more effective at changing people.The Literacy Delusion demonstrated, using a large body of research, that book-reading tends to rob people of the ability to appreciate fine nuances. For instance, the control group of college-educated non-readers was able to easily understand the difference between an act being illegal and an act being immoral, and to understand that in certain cases an act could be against the law without being morally wrong.Participants who reported reading books for pleasure, on the other hand, slowly lost the ability to make this distinction between human and moral law. They thought that human laws ought to perfectly reflect the moral law. For instance, the human law is that a child can't be removed from their parent unless the latter has been demonstrated to be unfit through some legal process. But the moral law is that if you know a child to be in danger, then you have to do something about it. This is something non-readers intuitively understand. It's why people love stories about Batman or about other vigilantes. It's not that the law is at fault, necessarily, it's that sometimes you cannot prove something is wrong in a court of law, but nonetheless you personally know it to be wrong.Readers tended not to understand this distinction, and their ability to understand these distinctions actually degraded with the number of books they read, both in the course of a year and in the course of their lifetimes. The more books they read, the more their ability to handle these nuances was slowly eroded, so that over time they stopped believing in the possibility of justified vigilante action.This is just one of a number of natural beliefs that were dissipated through reading books, by the way.The interesting thing was that most readers claimed to highly value precisely this ability to see nuance!But what the study found was that, actually, high-brow literature (literary fiction) was more effective at robbing people of the ability to appreciate nuance, even though this was a quality that readers of high-brow literature claimed most to value. To the extent that it mattered which books you read, or even which genre of books (fiction, non-fiction, etc) you read, it was actually high-brow fiction that had the worst and most pernicious effects.The woman found this fascinating! After all, she loved nuance. All she talked about was nuance and how great it was. And many of the books she picked up were marketed to her as having precisely this quality of nuance.At the same time, the woman could not deny that she herself did not really believe in vigilante action. She believed in it conceptually, of course. But even if she was certain that a child was in danger, she would probably just report it to the proper authorities (or perhaps not even do that, because the authorities were known to be racist). She wouldn't know what else to do! She certainly wouldn't kidnap the child or threaten their parents. She thought it was kind of unrealistic to expect that. Like, maybe if the child was her grand-child, then she'd have some legal standing to take it away from the bad parents. But...there you go…it was all about legal standing, wasn't it?The woman felt herself to be nuanced, because she understood that, in practice, you couldn't let people do whatever they thought was right (an idea elucidated at great length by a book, The Leviathan).But actually, most people simultaneously believed that vigilante action should be punished and that they themselves would be fully justified in undertaking it to correct a perceived wrong. They held two contradictory beliefs. What could be more nuanced and complex than that?This difference between readers and non-readers was something that'd been empirically demonstrated, using brain scans and behavioral studies. Reading simplified the brain, increasing cross-connections while decreasing the number of connections overall. It improved neural communication, at the cost of complexity.Which, again, is something everybody knows—people who read too much are unworldly and can't handle real life. This is a folk belief that everyone has. Even readers believe this to some extent, but they also think that reading books perhaps better equips you to navigate systems and to make the kind of judgments needed to operate a complex society. So you're less able to navigate, say, your romantic life, but more able to navigate a complex organization.However, the authors of The Literacy Delusion claimed that readers were actually less-productive and less successful than non-readers. And this also made a kind of intuitive sense. Most scientists, engineers, policy-makers, generals, business-leaders, etc, weren't big readers! Clearly reading a lot of books didn't necessarily equip you to climb to the top of these ladders. Nor, the authors claimed, did it enable you to make better decisions once you were there.By every verifiable metric, readers didn't just fail to outperform non-readers—they actually performed quite a bit worse.The Literacy Delusion had a number of explanations for why reading books seemed to be so much worse for human beings (in terms of emotional wellness and productivity) than other forms of narrative entertainment, but its main theory was the integration hypothesis. That the stream of words in a book trained the human brain into a habit of self-consciousness, that reading books forced human beings to think of themselves as a stream of text, processed through time, making a coherent argument of some sort. And that this overall flattening effect forced readers to ignore aspects of their personality or their situation that were not otherwise in line with the overarching story they'd created about themselves. Basically, reading books causes repression and neurosis.The Literacy Delusion argued that, yes, human beings are storytelling machines, but that a stream of written text is a particular kind of story—a story that is particularly flat, particularly devoid of conflicting or harmonizing information—and that this flatness creates a peculiar effect on the human brain.The woman wasn’t totally convinced.The Literacy Delusion was an entertaining and well-researched book. Maybe it was true, maybe it wasn't. The woman had no idea! She'd really enjoyed reading it, and she would certainly recommend it to other people. But...she probably wasn't gonna stop reading books.Nor, if she was honest, did she really buy the argument. It seems like you can prove a lot of things with data. How many of these pop-science books have we read in the past twenty or thirty years? And don’t all of them purport to have some startling and counter-intuitive insight into human behavior? At one point there were two books on the New York Times bestseller list with opposite premises: Blink had argued that human beings' instinctive first impressions are often accurate; Thinking, Fast and Slow, had argued the opposite, that the fast-thinking system had certain biases that made it naturally inaccurate. Both books had seemed pretty convincing! The woman was sure if she mentioned both books to someone else, they'd say, oh, that's not what they said, or, actually, this is how those books really agreed with each other. But wasn't that exactly the point? We couldn't even agree on what the books themselves said, much less on whether it was true or not.The woman was certainly willing to believe that reading books was bad; she was willing to believe it was good; she was willing to believe it was good, but that it was a skill that was in decline, and that this was bad; or that reading was bad, and the skill was in decline, which was actually good! Every one of these arguments seemed equally convincing to her. She genuinely had no idea. She’d even be willing to believe it wasn’t in decline at all! To be honest, the woman wasn’t totally convinced that phones weren't basically books. Like...everyone today had a phone, and using those phones involved a lot of reading. This was a much more intimate communion with the written word than was typical (she thought) of fifty or sixty years ago. Nowadays, people were reading text all the time! How could this be bad for literacy? Or was it good for literacy, and that was bad? Or was their reading the bad kind of reading, and that was good, because the good kind of reading was actually bad!The woman ultimately decided to practice the kind of nuance that apparently reading books discouraged. She would accept The Literacy Delusion’s argument that reading books was bad, and at the same time, she would continue to extol the reading of books as a very pleasurable and life-affirming activity.I am a human being, so obviously I love death-of-literacy takes. I know I ought to be like “kids are always the same, and old people have always complained about them,” but I actually do believe that literacy is declining. I dunno, it does seem both intuitively and demonstrably true that the amount of reading-for-pleasure has gone down considerably, and I imagine the difference, in terms of reading comprehension and writing ability, between a college freshman who reads books and one who doesn't read books is probably pretty big! And that, moreover, the absence in college classrooms of the lay reader (the engineer, for instance, who just happens to read twenty books a year) probably has a coarsening effect on the whole college experience.At the same time, it is comical that I read so many takes decrying Sally Rooney for being shallow or criticizing the YA-fication of literature. Like...girl, what do you think people are reading? All these kids who in 1975 used to read six books a year and now don't read any books, what do you think they're not reading? They used to read Flowers in the Attic and Valley of the Dolls and James Michener and stuff that most death-of-literature types think is...well...the death of literature.1You've got the same people (sometimes in the same articles!) critiquing college students who don't read for pleasure, and then critiquing the books that people actually do read for pleasure. Which is it? Which do you want? Which is important? Are the books bad or are they good? If you want to say that reading bad books is bad and reading good books is good, then you can't simultaneously say it's bad that people are reading less overall!Because that would also mean they're doing less of the bad kind of reading!Which would be good!I mean we all know the truth, which is that...reading bad books isn’t actually bad. We want popular literature to be widespread and healthy. When ten million people read Colleen Hoover, that is good, because it trains them to read books, which is an acquired skill.2 It prepares a space in them for real literature. We all know this.At the same time, we don't want to read that stuff ourselves! And we don’t really think other people should read it. But…it’s kind of hard to explain why. It’s just…it’s bad. Don’t read it. The work is aesthetically distasteful—reading it won’t hurt you or anything, because usually what’s bad in it is just reflective of whatever’s bad in society as a whole! But…it’s still bad. It’s not doing the work that literature can do, of elevating you, making you see more nuance—whatever it is you think great literature does, bad literature doesn’t do it. That’s sort of the point of the good / bad distinction, right?But I think we all understand that, in reality, the good stuff isn't that much better than the bad stuff! Yes, Proust is better than Sally Rooney and Sally Rooney is better than Colleen Hoover, but all three, fundamentally, are more similar than they are different. Fundamentally, all reading is quite similar. And it's very different from reading something that isn't a book, or from watching video or from listening to music. Even listening to an audiobook is much more like reading a book than it is like, say, watching a TV show.Whatever good thing reading does, Colleen Hoover probably does it too!Which is something we all know—it's just boring to talk about. Like...this is the most, basic, banal mainstream talking point. Kids should read. Whatever they read is good.Obviously, yeah, I don't know if you need to teach popular novels in school! I don't think the erosion of all norms is good. I think generally speaking, you want popular fiction to feel...illicit. I don't think it particularly helps the cause of literacy to, say, teach YA fiction in school. Maybe literacy is better helped by forcing kids to read books they hate, so that later they can discover a literature on their own that feels more valuable. It’s a bit sad how English teachers kind of commoditize and repackage the idea of rebellion—by creating a safe space for rebellion, you rob students of the ability to actually rebel (this is a theme in my first YA novel, by the way, where the villain is an English teacher).It's also sad when institutions try to encourage popular culture. Like, if something's popular, it should be able to survive institutional disdain. If it can't survive critique by people above it, then...what's the fun? I'm not gonna stop talking trash on popular things. I enjoy doing it.Reading bad books is good; reading better books is better. I think that’s basically the opinion everyone has, although we try to disguise it in various ways.I think pleasure-reading will endure. Like, TikTok and video games are unbelievably stimulating, and yet people still read for pleasure. Similarly, cocaine and meth and LSD are very stimulating, but they didn't replace reading for pleasure! I personally have quit both playing video games and drinking alcohol, and I’ve done so in part because I prefer to read books.3 Nobody forced me to make these changes. There was little material benefit in it. I just experience reading as being a superior and more life-affirming activity. It is more difficult, but ultimately more rewarding. We live in a world where record-breaking numbers of people are running marathons—a race that literally killed the first guy who ran it—and yet we think reading has somehow become so hard that nobody’s gonna do it. People want to do hard things, if they are things that are worth doing. There's something about reading books that's just...very much able to compete with other forms of pleasure. Even if reading books had no institutional support at all (i.e. no novels or book-length creative works were taught in high school or college), lots of people would still read for pleasure! Compulsory schooling is itself a fairly recent phenomenon—this is a theme of another Substack I read, . Forcing people to send their kids to school is a pretty new thing—it’s a lot newer than, say, railroads. People were reading books for pleasure long before the government started forcing kids to do it in school. So long as there is literacy, people will read for pleasure, and modern technology requires literacy on a level that is unprecedented in human history. The assertion, I think, is that smartphones have created some new form of casual literacy, where people can read, say, a text message, but are incapable of reading a whole book. But to me that’s called…just not liking to or wanting to read books! The disinclination creates the inability, and then the inability feeds the disinclination. This simply describes the condition of being a non-reader. That condition might have increased in prevalence, but there’s no reason to believe it will become total and will result in the destruction of the entire practice of reading books.Now—right now, in America, in 2024, half the population has read a book in the last year. In fifty years, will this number be a quarter? Or a fifth? It’s very possible! But then we’d still be talking about tens of millions of people! That contraction has immense ramifications for the economic model that underpins writing and publishing books, but I don’t know if the effect on literature itself will be particularly dire. Tens of millions of people is still more than enough people. Reading won’t become as rarefied as going to the opera. It’s always gonna be something that’s done by many tens of millions of Americans.This is a book that I read a truly unbelievable number of times as a teenager.P.S. As I noted a few days ago, I’ve written a novella called “Money Matters” that I’m going to post in this spot in exactly four weeks. I’ve been pitching it as House of Mirth meets American Psycho. I probably won’t give you the full synopsis in every post, but I’ll likely describe the story at least a few more times before Nov. 1.It should go without saying that I have no idea whether reading is good or bad for the human brain. I haven't looked into it at all. This is an empirical question that can be studied and certainly has been studied. I'm sure people have spent their lives studying it.I've been exposed over the years to a number of articles claiming that reading books is good for our brains and well-being. But I'm sure that if I looked into the research underpinning these articles, I'd find that it has many of the same holes that a lot of behavioral research does. We don't even really know what an effective or happy or productive person looks like, so...how can it really be measured? I personally would read The Literacy Delusion in a heartbeat! And I've no doubt that if someone wanted to, they could write this book and fill it with studies that convincingly make the point. Then some other social scientist would start a podcast debunking it, and I probably wouldn't listen to the podcast because...I would've always kinda known that the book was just sophistry. It wasn’t truth, it wasn’t seeking after wisdom—it was merely a rhetorical performance. One can value the performance without actually needing to believe in it. That's the cycle with these things, no? I read Blink, and I read Thinking, Fast and Slow, and I read Stumbling Upon Happiness, and probably a half-dozen of these other books, and after a certain point it's not really about science—it's just a science-themed textual performance that's very engaging to watch and listen to.ShareYou know what’s annoying though is when a Substacker writes a whole post and pretends they’re only replying to, like, actual articles in real magazines, instead of the Substackers that we all know they’ve also read, who’ve written much better takes on the subject.In my case, writes these very gloomy death-of-literacy takes that I love, and that I definitely think you should read. I’ve linked to some below. These are very provocative pieces—they don’t seem to demand that I take any action or that I try to somehow reform the world, and that’s precisely what I like about them. Whatever happens will happen. Personally, I think literacy (and reading for pleasure) will endure not just as elite activities but as mass activities. I also think that popular culture and high culture (at least when it comes to literature) are basically symbiotic. I’m not sure Sam agrees—but you can and should read him yourself and see (it’ll be a lot more rewarding than reading that Atlantic article, which says basically all the stuff you know anyway). | 2024-11-08T08:11:43 | en | train |
42,021,997 | countermeasure | 2024-11-01T22:01:23 | Ask HN: Do you or those you know have US election contingency plans? | What contingency plans, if any, do people in the HN community (and people you know) have relating to next week's US election?<p>I'm not looking to start a political debate; there are lots of other places on the internet for that.<p>I'm hoping to find out, specifically:<p>a) what people are planning to do <i>if Harris is elected</i>,<p>b) what people are planning to do <i>if Trump is elected</i>,<p>c) what people are planning to do <i>no matter who is elected</i>, and<p>d) what people <i>have already done</i> in anticipation of particular election outcomes and/or post-election events.<p>Please feel free to chime in whether you live in the US or not. | null | 13 | 26 | [
42023409,
42024150,
42022240,
42027987,
42022037,
42022129,
42022772,
42027105,
42022132,
42022082,
42022558,
42022317,
42022094
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,018 | DeathArrow | 2024-11-01T22:03:17 | What's New with Postgres at Microsoft | null | https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/t5/azure-database-for-postgresql/what-s-new-with-postgres-at-microsoft-2024-edition/ba-p/4140085 | 1 | 2 | [
42022124,
42022050
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,046 | bookofjoe | 2024-11-01T22:07:57 | Steve Jobs Email Reply Generator | null | https://www.geekculture.com/joyoftech/joyarchives/1384.html | 4 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,047 | gradus_ad | 2024-11-01T22:07:58 | Decomposing causality into its synergistic, unique, and redundant components | null | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-53373-4 | 3 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,067 | Stratoscope | 2024-11-01T22:11:16 | Should California give up on Highway 1? | null | https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/should-california-give-highway-1 | 6 | 0 | null | null | null | missing_parsing | Should California give up on Highway 1? | 2024-10-30T12:53:03-07:00 | Stephen McNally, Julia Busiek | “The West Coast is still active geologically,” said Gary Griggs, professor of Earth sciences at UC Santa Cruz. “It's a place where tectonic plates have collided. We've got active faults” — most notably, the 800-mile-long San Andreas Fault, which forms the boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate.
For more than 20 million years, Griggs explains, these two colossal chunks of the Earth’s crust have been grinding slowly past each other along a mostly straight line, running northwest to southeast. Between Monterey and Cambria, though, a branch of the San Andreas Fault jogs horizontally at a spot called the Big Sur Bend. The plates can’t grind past each other as easily, so pressure builds up in the kink.
A branch of the San Andreas Fault takes a horizontal jog at the Big Sur Bend. That helps explain why this section of the coast stands out. The result is steeper cliffs, bigger peaks, and a total mess of rock types all ground and churned and pressed together. “Almost like a rock hitting your windshield, you get a lot of cracks. It doesn't fall apart, but it cracks,” said Griggs. “And that's what the earth is like in there, it's just really broken up.”
In the late 18th century, the Portolá expedition walked up the coast from Baja California. “They came up through San Diego, what’s now Orange County, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara. It was rough going, but the terrain was at least doable,” Griggs says. “Then they got up around Cambria, and they looked up the coast to the north and saw these huge mountains coming up straight out of the ocean. They basically said, ‘Forget it, we will never get past those steep cliffs,’ and headed inland to the Salinas Valley.”
Later Spanish settlers looked down the coast from their vantage on the Monterey Peninsula and called this area “El Grande Sur,” or “the Big South.” Big Sur’s tortured topography continued to rebuff much in the way of European and American development for the next 250 years.
“It wasn’t until the Great Depression and the New Deal in the 1930s when they were really looking for big infrastructure projects that they somehow managed to get that road through there,” Griggs says. “But it was a slog to build, and it’s been a challenge to keep open ever since.”
Climate change is accelerating erosion
Big Sur has always been a volatile place, but geology isn’t the whole picture. Griggs says conditions are getting worse, thanks to humans.
To build the highway, engineers dug out loads of dirt and rocks, which reshaped the ground and made some sections weaker. And in recent years, Big Sur — like many places in California — has been battered by climate change. Wildfires have charred the vegetation and exposed the soil on steep slopes. Supercharged winter storms blow in from Pacific and get wrung out on Big Sur’s towering slopes. Without plants to absorb these atmospheric rivers' rainfall, the ground turns into a muddy mess. Those same storms generate towering waves that pound and erode the coastline.
| 2024-11-08T20:51:21 | null | train |
42,022,088 | btdmaster | 2024-11-01T22:14:12 | Linux Syscall Support | null | https://chromium.googlesource.com/linux-syscall-support/ | 3 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,093 | jmount | 2024-11-01T22:14:36 | The Monkey and the Coconuts: An Introduction to the Extended Euclidean Algorithm | null | https://github.com/WinVector/Examples/blob/main/puzzles/DividingCoconuts/Monkey_and_Coconuts.ipynb | 16 | 1 | [
42063070
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,127 | pm2222 | 2024-11-01T22:20:34 | Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average | 2 | 2 | [
42022128
] | null | null | missing_parsing | Dow Jones Industrial Average | 2002-04-03T09:07:18Z | Contributors to Wikimedia projects |
"Dow Jones index" redirects here. For other indices, see Dow Jones.
Dow Jones Industrial AverageHistorical logarithmic graph of the DJIA from 1896 to 2018FoundationFebruary 16, 1885; 139 years ago (as DJA)[1]May 26, 1896 (as DJIA)[2]OperatorS&P Dow Jones IndicesExchangesNew York Stock ExchangeNasdaqTrading symbol^DJI$INDU.DJIDJIAConstituents30TypeLarge capMarket capUS$12.0 trillion(as of December 29, 2023)[3]Weighting methodPrice-weighted indexWebsitewww.spglobal.com/spdji/en/
The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), Dow Jones, or simply the Dow (), is a stock market index of 30 prominent companies listed on stock exchanges in the United States.
The DJIA is one of the oldest and most commonly followed equity indexes. Many professionals[who?] consider it to be an inadequate representation of the overall U.S. stock market compared to a broader market index such as the S&P 500. The DJIA includes only 30 large companies. It is price-weighted, unlike other common indexes such as the Nasdaq Composite or S&P 500, which use market capitalization.[4][5][6][7]
The value of the index can also be calculated as the sum of the stock prices of the companies included in the index, divided by a factor, which is approximately 0.152 as of April 2024. The factor is changed whenever a constituent company undergoes a stock split so that the value of the index is unaffected by the stock split.
First calculated on May 26, 1896,[2] the index is the second-oldest among U.S. market indices, after the Dow Jones Transportation Average. It was created by Charles Dow, co-founder of both The Wall Street Journal and Dow Jones & Company, and named after him and his business associate, statistician Edward Jones.
The index is maintained by S&P Dow Jones Indices, an entity majority-owned by S&P Global. Its components are selected by a committee. The ten components with the largest dividend yields are commonly referred to as the Dogs of the Dow. As with all stock prices, the prices of the constituent stocks and consequently the value of the index itself are affected by the performance of the respective companies as well as macroeconomic factors.
Dow Jones Industrial Average 1970–2022
As of October 18, 2024, the Dow Jones Industrial Average consists of the following companies, with a weighting as shown:[8]
DJIA component companies, showing trading exchange, ticker symbols and industry
Company
Exchange
Symbol
Industry
Date added
Notes
Index weighting
3M
NYSE
MMM
Conglomerate
1976-08-09
As Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing
2.06%
American Express
NYSE
AXP
Financial services
1982-08-30
4.34%
Amgen
NASDAQ
AMGN
Biopharmaceutical
2020-08-31
4.88%
Amazon
NASDAQ
AMZN
Retailing
2024-02-26
2.85%
Apple
NASDAQ
AAPL
Information technology
2015-03-19
3.53%
Boeing
NYSE
BA
Aerospace and defense
1987-03-12
2.36%
Caterpillar
NYSE
CAT
Construction and mining
1991-05-06
5.99%
Chevron
NYSE
CVX
Petroleum industry
2008-02-19
Also 1930-07-18 to 1999-11-01
2.30%
Cisco
NASDAQ
CSCO
Information technology
2009-06-08
0.86%
Coca-Cola
NYSE
KO
Drink industry
1987-03-12
Also 1932-05-26 to 1935-11-20
1.06%
Disney
NYSE
DIS
Broadcasting and entertainment
1991-05-06
1.47%
Goldman Sachs
NYSE
GS
Financial services
2013-09-23
8.03%
Home Depot
NYSE
HD
Home Improvement
1999-11-01
6.31%
Honeywell
NASDAQ
HON
Conglomerate
2020-08-31
AlliedSignal and Honeywell
3.33%
IBM
NYSE
IBM
Information technology
1979-06-29
Also 1932-05-26 to 1939-03-04
3.54%
Johnson & Johnson
NYSE
JNJ
Pharmaceutical industry
1997-03-17
2.50%
JPMorgan Chase
NYSE
JPM
Financial services
1991-05-06
3.41%
McDonald's
NYSE
MCD
Food industry
1985-10-30
4.78%
Merck
NYSE
MRK
Pharmaceutical industry
1979-06-29
1.67%
Microsoft
NASDAQ
MSFT
Information technology
1999-11-01
6.33%
Nike
NYSE
NKE
Clothing industry
2013-09-23
1.27%
Nvidia
NASDAQ
NVDA
Information technology
2024-11-08
0.00%
Procter & Gamble
NYSE
PG
Fast-moving consumer goods
1932-05-26
2.60%
Salesforce
NYSE
CRM
Information technology
2020-08-31
4.42%
Sherwin-Williams
NYSE
SHW
Speciality chemicals
2024-11-08
0.00%
Travelers
NYSE
TRV
Insurance
2009-06-08
4.02%
UnitedHealth Group
NYSE
UNH
Managed health care
2012-09-24
8.60%
Verizon
NYSE
VZ
Telecommunications industry
2004-04-08
0.67%
Visa
NYSE
V
Financial services
2013-09-23
4.41%
Walmart
NYSE
WMT
Retailing
1997-03-17
1.23%
As of November 8, 2024, the components of the DJIA have changed 59 times since its beginning on May 26, 1896. General Electric had the longest presence on the index, beginning in the original index in 1896 and ending in 2018, but was dropped and re-added twice between 1898 and 1907. Changes to the index since 1991 are as follows:
On May 6, 1991, Caterpillar Inc., J.P. Morgan & Co., and The Walt Disney Company replaced American Can, Navistar, and U.S. Steel.[9]
On March 17, 1997, Travelers Inc., Hewlett-Packard, Johnson & Johnson, and Walmart replaced Westinghouse Electric, Texaco, Bethlehem Steel, and F. W. Woolworth Company.[10]
On November 1, 1999, Microsoft, Intel, SBC Communications, and Home Depot replaced Goodyear Tire, Sears Roebuck, Union Carbide, and Chevron Corporation.[11] Intel and Microsoft became the first and second companies traded on the Nasdaq to be part of the Dow.[11]
On April 8, 2004, American International Group, Pfizer, and Verizon Communications replaced AT&T Corporation, Kodak, and International Paper.[12]
On February 19, 2008, Chevron Corporation and Bank of America replaced Altria Group and Honeywell. Chevron was previously a Dow component from July 18, 1930, to November 1, 1999. During Chevron's absence, its split-adjusted price per share went from $44 to $85, while the price of petroleum rose from $24 to $100 per barrel.[13]
On September 22, 2008, Kraft Foods Inc. replaced American International Group (AIG) in the index.[14][15]
On June 8, 2009, The Travelers Companies and Cisco Systems replaced Motors Liquidation Company (formerly General Motors) and Citigroup. Cisco became the third company traded on the NASDAQ to be part of the Dow.[16]
On September 24, 2012, UnitedHealth Group replaced Kraft Foods Inc. following Kraft's split into Mondelez International and Kraft Foods.[17][18]
On September 23, 2013, Goldman Sachs, Nike, Inc., and Visa Inc. replaced Alcoa, Bank of America, and Hewlett-Packard. Visa replaced Hewlett-Packard because of the split into HP Inc. and Hewlett Packard Enterprise.[19][20][21]
On March 19, 2015, Apple Inc. replaced AT&T, which had been a component of the DJIA since November 1916.[22][23] Apple became the fourth company traded on the NASDAQ to be part of the Dow.
On September 1, 2017, DowDuPont replaced DuPont. DowDuPont was formed by the merger of Dow Chemical Company with DuPont.[24]
On June 26, 2018, Walgreens Boots Alliance replaced General Electric, which had been a component of the DJIA since November 1907, after being part of the inaugural index in May 1896 and much of the 1896 to 1907 period.[25][26][27]
On April 2, 2019, Dow Inc. replaced DowDuPont. Dow, Inc. is a spin-off of DowDuPont, itself a merger of Dow Chemical Company and DuPont.[28][29][30]
On April 6, 2020, Raytheon Technologies replaced United Technologies. Raytheon is the name of the combination of United Technologies and the Raytheon Company, which merged as of April 3, 2020. The newly combined conglomerate does not include previous subsidiaries Carrier Global or Otis Worldwide.[31]
On August 31, 2020, Amgen, Honeywell, and Salesforce.com replaced ExxonMobil, Pfizer, and Raytheon Technologies.[32]
On February 26, 2024, Amazon replaced Walgreens Boots Alliance.[33]
On November 8, 2024, Nvidia replaced Intel, and Sherwin-Williams replaced Dow Inc..[34]
Investing in the DJIA is possible via index funds as well as via derivatives such as option contracts and futures contracts.
Mutual and exchange-traded funds[edit]
Index funds, including mutual funds and exchange-traded funds (ETF) can replicate, before fees and expenses, the performance of the index by holding the same stocks as the index in the same proportions. An ETF that replicates the performance of the index is issued by State Street Corporation (NYSE Arca: DIA).[35]
ProShares offers leveraged ETFs that attempt to produce three times the daily result of either investing in (NYSE Arca: UDOW) or shorting (NYSE Arca: SDOW) the Dow Jones Industrial Average.[36]
In the derivatives market, the CME Group through its subsidiaries the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) and the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), issues Futures Contracts; the E-mini Dow ($5) Futures (YM), which track the average and trade on their exchange floors respectively. Trading is typically carried out in an open outcry auction, or over an electronic network such as CME's Globex platform.
The Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE) issues option contracts on the Dow through the root symbol DJX. Options on various Dow-underlying ETFs are also available for trading.[37]
The following table shows the annual development of the Dow Jones Index, which was calculated back to 1896.[38][39]
End-of-year closing values for DJIA
Year
Closing Value
Net Change
% Change
1896
40.45
−0.49
−1.20
1897
49.41
+8.96
+22.15
1898
60.52
+11.11
+22.49
1899
66.08
+5.56
+9.19
1900
70.71
+4.63
+7.01
1901
64.56
−6.15
−8.70
1902
64.29
−0.27
−0.42
1903
49.11
−15.18
−23.61
1904
69.61
+20.50
+41.74
1905
96.20
+26.59
+38.20
1906
94.35
−1.85
−1.92
1907
58.75
−35.60
−37.73
1908
86.15
+27.40
+46.64
1909
99.05
+12.90
+14.97
1910
81.36
−17.69
−17.86
1911
81.68
+0.32
+0.39
1912
87.87
+6.19
+7.58
1913
78.78
−9.09
−10.34
1914
54.58
−24.20
−30.72
1915
99.15
+44.57
+81.66
1916
95.00
−4.15
−4.19
1917
74.38
−20.62
−21.71
1918
82.20
+7.82
+10.51
1919
107.23
+25.03
+30.45
1920
71.95
−35.28
−32.90
1921
81.10
+9.15
+12.72
1922
98.73
+17.63
+21.74
1923
95.52
−3.21
−3.25
1924
120.51
+24.99
+26.16
1925
156.66
+36.15
+30.00
1926
157.20
+0.54
+0.34
1927
202.40
+45.20
+28.75
1928
300.00
+97.60
+48.22
1929
248.48
−51.52
−17.17
1930
164.58
−83.90
−33.77
1931
77.90
−86.68
−52.67
1932
59.93
−17.97
−23.07
1933
99.90
+39.97
+66.69
1934
104.04
+4.14
+4.14
1935
144.13
+40.09
+38.53
1936
179.90
+35.77
+24.82
1937
120.85
−59.05
−32.82
1938
154.76
+33.91
+28.06
1939
150.24
−4.52
−2.92
1940
131.13
−19.11
−12.72
1941
110.96
−20.17
−15.38
1942
119.40
+8.44
+7.61
1943
135.89
+16.49
+13.81
1944
152.32
+16.43
+12.09
1945
192.91
+40.59
+26.65
1946
177.20
−15.71
−8.14
1947
181.16
+3.96
+2.23
1948
177.30
−3.86
−2.13
1949
200.13
+22.83
+12.88
1950
235.41
+35.28
+17.63
1951
269.23
+33.82
+14.37
1952
291.90
+22.67
+8.42
1953
280.90
−11.00
−3.77
1954
404.39
+123.49
+43.96
1955
488.40
+84.01
+20.77
1956
499.47
+11.07
+2.27
1957
435.69
−63.78
−12.77
1958
583.65
+147.96
+33.96
1959
679.36
+95.71
+16.40
1960
615.89
−63.47
−9.34
1961
731.14
+115.25
+18.71
1962
652.10
−79.04
−10.81
1963
762.95
+110.85
+17.00
1964
874.13
+111.18
+14.57
1965
969.26
+95.13
+10.88
1966
785.69
−183.57
−18.94
1967
905.11
+119.42
+15.20
1968
943.75
+38.64
+4.27
1969
800.36
−143.39
−15.19
1970
838.92
+38.56
+4.82
1971
890.20
+51.28
+6.11
1972
1,020.02
+129.82
+14.58
1973
850.86
−169.16
−16.58
1974
616.24
−234.62
−27.57
1975
852.41
+236.17
+38.32
1976
1,004.65
+152.24
+17.86
1977
831.17
−173.48
−17.27
1978
805.01
−26.16
−3.15
1979
838.74
+33.73
+4.19
1980
963.99
+125.25
+14.93
1981
875.00
−88.99
−9.23
1982
1,046.54
+171.54
+19.60
1983
1,258.64
+212.10
+20.27
1984
1,211.57
−47.07
−3.74
1985
1,546.67
+335.10
+27.66
1986
1,895.95
+349.28
+22.58
1987
1,938.83
+42.88
+2.26
1988
2,168.57
+229.74
+11.85
1989
2,753.20
+584.63
+26.96
1990
2,633.66
−119.54
−4.34
1991
3,168.83
+535.17
+20.32
1992
3,301.11
+132.28
+4.17
1993
3,754.09
+452.98
+13.72
1994
3,834.44
+80.35
+2.14
1995
5,117.12
+1,282.68
+33.45
1996
6,448.26
+1,331.14
+26.01
1997
7,908.24
+1,459.98
+22.64
1998
9,181.43
+1,273.19
+16.10
1999
11,497.12
+2,315.69
+25.22
2000
10,786.85
−710.27
−6.18
2001
10,021.50
−765.35
−7.10
2002
8,341.63
−1,679.87
−16.76
2003
10,453.92
+2,112.29
+25.32
2004
10,783.01
+329.09
+3.15
2005
10,717.50
−65.51
−0.61
2006
12,463.15
+1,745.65
+16.29
2007
13,264.82
+801.67
+6.43
2008
8,776.39
−4,488.43
−33.84
2009
10,428.05
+1,651.66
+18.82
2010
11,577.51
+1,149.46
+11.02
2011
12,217.56
+640.05
+5.53
2012
13,104.14
+886.58
+7.26
2013
16,576.66
+3,472.52
+26.50
2014
17,823.07
+1,246.41
+7.52
2015
17,425.03
−398.04
−2.23
2016
19,762.60
+2,337.57
+13.42
2017
24,719.22
+4,956.62
+25.08
2018
23,327.46
−1,391.76
−5.63
2019
28,538.44
+5,210.98
+22.34
2020
30,606.48
+2,068.04
+7.25
2021
36,338.30
+5,731.82
+18.73
2022
33,147.25
−3,191.05
−8.78
2023
37,689.54
+4,542.29
+13.70
DJIA monthly trading volume in shares from 1929 to 2012
In 1884, Charles Dow composed his first stock average, which contained nine railroads and two industrial companies that appeared in the Customer's Afternoon Letter, a daily two-page financial news bulletin which was the precursor to The Wall Street Journal. On January 2, 1886, the number of stocks represented in what is now the Dow Jones Transportation Average dropped from 14 to 12, as the Central Pacific Railroad and Central Railroad of New Jersey were removed. Though comprising the same number of stocks, this index contained only one of the original twelve industrials that would eventually form Dow's most famous index.[40]
Dow calculated his first average purely of industrial stocks on May 26, 1896, creating what is now known as the Dow Jones Industrial Average. None of the original 12 industrials still remain part of the index.[41]
American Cotton Oil Company, a predecessor company to Hellmann's and Best Foods, now part of Unilever.[42]
American Sugar Refining Company, became Domino Sugar in 1900, now Domino Foods, Inc.[42]
American Tobacco Company, broken up in a 1911 antitrust action.
Chicago Gas Company, bought by Peoples Gas Light in 1897, was an operating subsidiary of the now-defunct Integrys Energy Group until 2014.[42]
Distilling & Cattle Feeding Company, now Millennium Chemicals, formerly a division of LyondellBasell.[43][42]
General Electric, still in operation, removed from the Dow Jones Industrial Average in 2018.[42]
Laclede Gas Company, still in operation as Spire Inc, removed from the Dow Jones Industrial Average in 1899.[42]
National Lead Company, now NL Industries, removed from the Dow Jones Industrial Average in 1916.[42]
North American Company, an electric utility holding company, broken up by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 1946.[42]
Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company in Birmingham, Alabama, bought by U.S. Steel in 1907; U.S. Steel was removed from the Dow Jones Industrial Average in 1991.[42]
United States Leather Company, dissolved in 1952.[42]
United States Rubber Company, changed its name to Uniroyal in 1961, merged with private Goodrich Corporation in 1986, tire business bought by Michelin in 1990.[42] The remainder of Goodrich remained independent until it was acquired by United Technologies in 2012 and became a part of UTC Aerospace Systems, now Collins Aerospace, a Raytheon Technologies subsidiary.
When it was first published in the mid-1880s, the index stood at a level of 62.76. It reached a peak of 78.38 during the summer of 1890, but reached its all-time low of 28.48 in the summer of 1896 during the Panic of 1896. Many of the biggest percentage price moves in the Dow occurred early in its history, as the nascent industrial economy matured. In the 1900s, the Dow halted its momentum as it worked its way through two financial crises: the Panic of 1901 and the Panic of 1907. The Dow remained stuck in a range between 53 and 103 until late 1914. The negativity surrounding the 1906 San Francisco earthquake did little to improve the economic climate; the index broke 100 for the first time in 1906.[44]
At the start of the 1910s, the Panic of 1910–1911 stifled economic growth. On July 30, 1914, as the average stood at a level of 71.42, a decision was made to close the New York Stock Exchange, and suspend trading for a span of four and a half months. Some historians believe the exchange was closed because of a concern that markets would plunge as a result of panic over the onset of World War I. An alternative explanation is that the United States Secretary of the Treasury, William Gibbs McAdoo, closed the exchange to conserve the U.S. gold stock in order to launch the Federal Reserve System later that year, with enough gold to keep the United States on par with the gold standard. When the markets reopened on December 12, 1914, the index closed at 74.56, a gain of 4.4%. This is frequently reported as a large drop, due to using a later redefinition. Reports from the time say that the day was positive.[45] Following World War I, the United States experienced another economic downturn, the Post–World War I recession. The Dow's performance remained unchanged from the closing value of the previous decade, adding only 8.26%, from 99.05 at the beginning of 1910, to a level of 107.23 at the end of 1919.[46]
The Dow experienced a long bull run from 1920 to late 1929 when it rose from 73 to 381 points.[47] In 1928, the components of the Dow were increased to 30 stocks near the economic height of that decade, which was nicknamed the Roaring Twenties. This period downplayed the influence of the Depression of 1920–1921 and certain international conflicts such as the Polish–Soviet War, the Irish Civil War, the Turkish War of Independence and the initial phase of the Chinese Civil War. After a peak of 381.17 on September 3, 1929, the bottom of the 1929 crash came just 2 months later on November 13, 1929, at 195.35 intraday, closing slightly higher at 198.69.[48] The Wall Street Crash of 1929 and the ensuing Great Depression over the next several years saw the Dow continue to fall until July 8, 1932, when it closed at 41.22,[49] roughly two-thirds of its mid-1880s starting point and almost 90% below its peak. Overall for the 1920s decade, the Dow still ended with a healthy 131.7% gain, from 107.23 to 248.48 at the end of 1929.[47] In inflation-adjusted numbers, the high of 381.17 on September 3, 1929, was not surpassed until 1954.
Marked by global instability and the Great Depression, the 1930s contended with several consequential European and Asian outbreaks of war, leading to the catastrophic World War II in 1939. Other conflicts during the decade which affected the stock market included the 1936–1939 Spanish Civil War, the 1935–1936 Second Italo-Abyssinian War, the Soviet-Japanese Border War of 1939, and the Second Sino-Japanese War of 1937. The United States experienced the Recession of 1937–1938, which temporarily brought economic recovery to a halt. The largest one-day percentage gain in the index happened in the depths of the 1930s bear market on March 15, 1933, when the Dow gained 15.34% to close at 62.10. However, as a whole throughout the Great Depression, the Dow posted some of its worst performances, for a negative return during most of the 1930s for new and old stock market investors. For the decade, the Dow Jones average was down from 248.48 at the beginning of 1930, to a stable level of 150.24 at the end of 1939, a loss of about 40%.[50]
Post-war reconstruction during the 1940s, along with renewed optimism of peace and prosperity, brought about a 33% surge in the Dow from 150.24 to 200.13. The strength in the Dow occurred despite the Recession of 1949 and various global conflicts.
During the 1950s, the Korean War and the Cold War did not stop the Dow's climb higher. A nearly 240% increase in the average from 200.13 to 679.36 ensued over the course of that decade.
The Dow began to stall during the 1960s as the markets trudged through the Kennedy Slide of 1962, but still managed an 18% gain from 679.36 to 800.36.
The 1970s marked a time of economic uncertainty and troubled relations between the U.S. and certain Middle-Eastern countries. The 1970s energy crisis was a prelude to a disastrous economic climate along with stagflation, the combination of high unemployment and high inflation. However, on November 14, 1972, the average closed at 1,003.16, above the 1,000 mark for the first time, during a brief relief rally in the midst of a lengthy bear market.[44] Between January 1973 and December 1974, the average lost 48% of its value in what became known as the 1973–1974 stock market crash, closing at 577.60 on December 6, 1974.[51] The nadir came after prices dropped more than 45% over two years since the NYSE's high point of 1,003.16 on November 4, 1972. In 1976, the index reached 1,000 several times and it closed the year at 1,004.75. Although the Vietnam War ended in 1975, new tensions arose towards Iran surrounding the Iranian Revolution in 1979. Performance-wise for the 1970s, the index remained virtually flat, rising 4.8% from 800.36 to 838.74.
The Dow fell 22.61% on Black Monday (1987) from about the 2,500 level to around 1,750. Two days later, it rose 10.15% above the 2,000 level for a mild recovery attempt.
The 1980s began with the early 1980s recession. In early 1981, the index broke above 1,000 several times, but then retreated. After closing above 2,000 in January 1987,[44] the largest one-day percentage drop occurred on Black Monday, October 19, 1987, when the average fell 22.61%. There were no clear reasons given to explain the crash.
On October 13, 1989, the Friday the 13th mini-crash, which initiated the collapse of the junk bond market, resulted in a loss of almost 7% of the index in a single day.[52]
During the 1980s, the Dow increased 228% from 838.74 to 2,753.20; despite the market crashes, Silver Thursday, an early 1980s recession, the 1980s oil glut, the Japanese asset price bubble, and other political distractions. The index had only two negative years in the 1980s: in 1981 and 1984.
The 1990s brought on rapid advances in technology along with the introduction of the dot-com era. The markets contended with the 1990 oil price shock compounded with the effects of the early 1990s recession and a brief European situation surrounding Black Wednesday.[citation needed] Certain influential foreign conflicts such as the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt which took place as part of the initial stages of the Dissolution of the Soviet Union and the Revolutions of 1989; the First Chechen War and the Second Chechen War, the Gulf War, and the Yugoslav Wars failed to dampen economic enthusiasm surrounding the ongoing Information Age and the "irrational exuberance" (a phrase coined by Alan Greenspan[53]) of the dot-com bubble.[citation needed] Between late 1992 and early 1993, the Dow staggered through the 3,000 level making only modest gains as the biotechnology sector suffered through the downfall of the Biotech Bubble; as many biotech companies saw their share prices rapidly rise to record levels and then subsequently fall to new all-time lows.[54]
The Dow soared from 2,753 to 8,000 between January 1990 to July 1997.[44] In October 1997, the events surrounding the 1997 Asian financial crisis plunged the Dow into a 554-point loss to a close of 7,161.15; a retrenchment of 7.18% in what became known as the October 27, 1997 mini-crash.
However, the Dow continued climbing past 9,000 despite negativity surrounding the 1998 Russian financial crisis along with the subsequent fallout from the 1998 collapse of Long-Term Capital Management due to bad bets placed on the movement of the Russian ruble.[55]
On March 29, 1999, the average closed at 10,006.78, its first close above 10,000. This prompted a celebration on the New York Stock Exchange trading floor, complete with party hats.[56] Total gains for the decade exceeded 315%; from 2,753.20 to 11,497.12, which equates to 12.3% annually.
The Dow averaged a 5.3% return compounded annually for the 20th century, a record Warren Buffett called "a wonderful century"; when he calculated that to achieve that return again, the index would need to close at about 2,000,000 by December 2099.[57]
The Dow fell 14.3% after the September 11 attacks. Exchanges were closed from September 12 through September 16, 2001.
On September 17, 2001, the first day of trading after the September 11 attacks on the United States, the Dow fell 7.1%. However, the Dow began an upward trend shortly after the attacks, and regained all lost ground to close above 10,000 for the year. In 2002, the Dow dropped to a four-year low of 7,286 on September 24, 2002, due to the stock market downturn of 2002 and lingering effects of the dot-com bubble. Overall, while the NASDAQ index fell roughly 75% and the S&P 500 index fell roughly 50% between 2000 and 2002, the Dow only fell 27% during the same period. In 2003, the Dow held steady within the 7,000 to 9,000-point level and recovered to the 10,000 mark by year end.[58]
The Dow continued climbing and reached a record high of 14,198.10 on October 11, 2007, a mark which was not matched until March 2013.[59] It then dropped over the next year due to the 2007–2008 financial crisis.
On September 15, 2008, a wider financial crisis became evident after the Bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers along with the economic effect of record high oil prices which had reached almost $150 per barrel two months earlier. The Dow lost more than 500 points for the day, returning to its mid-July lows below 11,000.[60][61] A series of bailout packages, including the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, proposed and implemented by the Federal Reserve and United States Department of the Treasury did not prevent further losses. After nearly six months of extreme volatility during which the Dow experienced its largest one-day point loss, largest daily point gain, and largest intraday range (of more than 1,000 points) at the time, the index closed at a new 12-year low of 6,547.05 on March 9, 2009,[62] its lowest close since April 1997. The Dow had lost 20% of its value in only six weeks.
Towards the latter half of 2009, the average rallied towards the 10,000 level amid optimism that the Great Recession, the United States housing bubble and the 2007–2008 financial crisis, were easing and possibly coming to an end. For the decade, the Dow saw a rather substantial pullback for a negative return from 11,497.12 to 10,428.05, a loss of a 9.3%.[63]
The Dow from January 2000 through February 2015
During the first half of the 2010s decade, aided by the Federal Reserve's loose monetary policy including quantitative easing, the Dow made a notable rally attempt. This was despite significant volatility due to growing global concerns such as the European debt crisis, the Dubai World 2009 debt standstill, and the 2011 United States debt-ceiling crisis.[citation needed]
On May 6, 2010, the Dow lost 9.2% intra-day and regained nearly all of it within a single hour. This event, which became known as the 2010 Flash Crash, sparked new regulations to prevent future incidents.[64]
Six years after its previous high in 2007, the Dow finally closed at a new record high on March 5, 2013.[65] It continued rising for the next several years past 17,000 points until a brief 2015–2016 stock market selloff in the second half of 2015.[66] It then picked up again in early 2016 and climbed past 25,000 points on January 4, 2018.[67]
On November 9, 2016, the day after Donald Trump's victory over Hillary Clinton in the U.S. presidential election, the index soared, coming within roughly 25 points of its all-time intraday high to that point.[68]
Volatility returned in 2018 when the Dow fell nearly 20%.[69][70][71] By early January 2019, the index had quickly rallied more than 10% from its Christmas Eve low.[72]
Overall in the 2010s decade, the Dow increased from 10,428.05 to 28,538.44 for a substantial gain of 174%.[73]
The Dow Jones Industrial Average daily closing value plotted on a log-10 scale
Despite the emerging COVID-19 pandemic, the Dow continued its bull run from the previous decade before peaking at 29,551.42 on February 12, 2020 (29,568.57 intraday on the same day). The index slowly retreated for the remainder of the week and into the next week, before coronavirus fears and an oil price war between Saudi Arabia and Russia sent the index into a tailspin, recording several days of losses[74] (and gains[75]) of at least 1,000 points, a typical symptom of a bear market[76] as previously seen in October 2008 during the 2007–2008 financial crisis. Volatility rose high enough to trigger multiple 15-minute trading halts.[77] In the first quarter of 2020, the DJIA fell 23%, its worst quarter since 1987.[78] The market recovered in the third quarter, returning to 28,837.52 on October 12, 2020, and peaked momentarily at a new all-time high of 29,675.25 on November 9, 2020, at 14:00 ET, following that day's announcement of the success of the Pfizer–BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine in Phase III clinical trials.[79] The Dow (as reported by the United Press International) closed over 30,000 on December 31, 2020, at a record 30,606.48. On November 24, following news that the presidential transition of Joe Biden was approved, the Dow increased by more than 500 points, closing at 30,046.24. On January 22, 2024, the Dow Jones crossed 38,000 points for the first time; a month later it surpassed 39,000; and in May, it surpassed 40,000 points.
The DJIA is computed as the sum of the prices of all thirty stocks divided by a divisor, the Dow Divisor. The divisor is adjusted in case of stock splits, spinoffs or similar structural changes, to ensure that such events do not in themselves alter the numerical value of the DJIA. Early on, the initial divisor was composed of the original number of component companies; this initially made the DJIA a simple arithmetic average. The present divisor, after many adjustments, is less than one, making the index larger than the sum of the prices of the components. That is:
where p are the prices of the component stocks and d is the Dow Divisor.
Events such as stock splits or changes in the list of the companies composing the index alter the sum of the component prices. In these cases, in order to avoid discontinuity in the index, the Dow Divisor is updated so that the quotations right before and after the event coincide:
Since April 1, 2024, the Dow Divisor is 0.15221633137872[80][81] and every $1 change in price in a particular stock within the average equates to a 6.5696 (or 1 ÷ 0.15221633137872) point movement.
Quality as a proxy of the stock market[edit]
Despite its unusual weighting by price rather than market capitalization, the Dow Jones Industrial Average is highly correlated with other proxies of the US equities market, particularly the S&P 500 Index.[82] Between January 1980 – November 2023, the DJIA returned an annualized 8.90%, with the S&P 500 returning a nearly identical 8.91%.[83]
Issues with market representation[edit]
With the inclusion of only 30 stocks, critics such as Ric Edelman argue that the DJIA is an inaccurate representation of overall market performance compared to more comprehensive indices such as the S&P 500 Index or the Russell 3000 Index. Additionally, the DJIA is criticized for being a price-weighted index, which gives higher-priced stocks more influence over the average than their lower-priced counterparts, but takes no account of the relative industry size or market capitalization of the components. For example, a $1 increase in a lower-priced stock can be negated by a $1 decrease in a much higher-priced stock, even though the lower-priced stock experienced a larger percentage change. In addition, a $1 move in the smallest component of the DJIA has the same effect as a $1 move in the largest component of the average. For example, during September–October 2008, former component AIG's reverse split-adjusted stock price collapsed from $22.76 on September 8 to $1.35 on October 27; contributing to a roughly 3,000-point drop in the index.[84]
As of June 2021, Goldman Sachs and UnitedHealth Group are among the highest-priced stocks in the average and therefore have the greatest influence on it. Alternately, Cisco Systems and Coca-Cola are among the lowest-priced stocks in the average and have the least sway in the price movement.[85] Critics of the DJIA and most securities professionals[who?] recommend the market-capitalization weighted S&P 500 Index or the Wilshire 5000, the latter of which includes most publicly listed U.S. stocks, as better indicators of the U.S. stock market.
Correlation among components[edit]
A study between the correlation of components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average compared with the movement of the index finds that the correlation is higher when the stocks are declining. The correlation is lowest in a time when the average is flat or rises a modest amount.[86]
Closing milestones of the Dow Jones Industrial Average
List of largest daily changes in the Dow Jones Industrial Average
William Peter Hamilton
S&P 500
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^ "Dow Jones – 10 Year Daily Chart". macrotrends.net. Archived from the original on January 17, 2020. Retrieved January 14, 2020.
^ Imbert, Fred (March 15, 2020). "Dow drops nearly 3,000 points, as coronavirus collapse continues; worst day since '87". CNBC. Archived from the original on March 16, 2020. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
^ Schneider, Avie (March 13, 2020). "Dow Soars Nearly 2,000 Points In Rebound From Biggest Drop Since 1987". NPR. Archived from the original on March 14, 2020. Retrieved March 16, 2020.
^ Imbert, Fred; Franck, Thomas (March 12, 2020). "Dow drops more than 8%, heads for biggest one-day plunge since 1987 market crash". CNBC. Archived from the original on March 12, 2020. Retrieved March 12, 2020.
^ "Stocks plunge at market open, trading halts after Dow drops 1800 points". MSNBC. Archived from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved March 9, 2020.
^ Stevens, Pippa (April 1, 2020). "Stock futures point to an opening bounce on Wall Street after second quarter's rocky start". CNBC. Archived from the original on April 2, 2020. The Dow fell more than 23% in the first quarter; that was also its biggest quarterly fall since 1987
^ "Dow Jones soars more than 800 points on vaccine hopes". ABC News. Retrieved November 2, 2021.
^ "Market Lab". Barrons.com. October 15, 2024.
^ "Amazon's stock could lose to Walgreens' this year if the Dow jinx holds". Morningstar.com. February 26, 2024. Retrieved February 28, 2024.
^ "Icons: The S&P 500® and The Dow® | S&P Dow Jones Indices". www.spglobal.com. Retrieved August 28, 2024.
^ Bates, Alex (November 3, 2023). "Head-to-Head: Dow vs. S&P 500 (And The Shocking Results)". St. Louis Trust & Family Office. Retrieved August 28, 2024.
^ La Monica, Paul (September 15, 2008). "Toss AIG from the Dow!". CNN. Archived from the original on October 29, 2019. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
^ "Index Component Weights of Stocks in the Dow Jones Industrial Average". Index Insight and Market Timing Tools: Futures, Equities, Options. Ergo Inc. Archived from the original on July 28, 2014. Retrieved July 25, 2014.
^ Preis, Tobias; Kenett, Dror Y.; Stanley, H. Eugene; Helbing, Dirk; Ben-Jacob, Eshel (2012). "Quantifying the Behavior of Stock Correlations Under Market Stress". Scientific Reports. 2: 752. doi:10.1038/srep00752. PMC 3475344. PMID 23082242.
Stillman, Richard (1986). Dow Jones Industrial Average: History and Role in an Investment Strategy. Homewood, Ill.: Dow Jones-Irwin. ISBN 9780870945861. OCLC 424238820.
Official website
Dow Jones Industrial Average at NASDAQ
| 2024-11-08T21:49:27 | null | train |
42,022,151 | yamrzou | 2024-11-01T22:23:23 | Sleep regularity is a stronger predictor of mortality than sleep duration (2023) | null | https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article/47/1/zsad253/7280269 | 384 | 246 | [
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42,022,162 | wordhydrogen | 2024-11-01T22:25:37 | AI generated models are being used in fashion ads | null | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-10-31/mango-clothing-uses-ai-to-replace-some-fashion-models-in-ads | 20 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,170 | dsamy | 2024-11-01T22:26:59 | null | null | null | 1 | null | null | null | true | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,172 | franczesko | 2024-11-01T22:27:13 | Digital Watches: Tech Evolution [video] | null | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oiUIYDQOH8A | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,191 | agathacordelia4 | 2024-11-01T22:29:21 | null | null | null | 1 | null | null | null | true | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,195 | frereubu | 2024-11-01T22:30:04 | null | null | null | 14 | null | [
42022392,
42022409
] | null | true | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,217 | alexlazar97 | 2024-11-01T22:33:24 | null | null | null | 1 | null | null | null | true | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,237 | lifeisstillgood | 2024-11-01T22:36:59 | Why isn't functional programming the norm? | null | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QyJZzq0v7Z4 | 4 | 2 | [
42022618
] | null | null | no_article | null | null | null | null | 2024-11-08T21:17:20 | null | train |
42,022,239 | lr0 | 2024-11-01T22:37:10 | "Shell = Emacs" in a makefile | null | https://gitlab.com/spritely/spritely-papers/-/blob/8158df7a5a1cc8c8c46a568bc6cf8d2d5ae715f5/Makefile | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,257 | mpweiher | 2024-11-01T22:39:42 | US-made jam-resistant drones helped Ukrainians cut through Russia EW | null | https://www.defenseone.com/technology/2024/10/us-made-jam-resistant-drones-are-helping-ukrainians-cut-through-russia-ew/400735/ | 4 | 1 | [
42023921
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,262 | djoldman | 2024-11-01T22:40:42 | Why is it called upper and lower case? | null | https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/did-you-know-history/why-it-called-upper-and-lower-case | 3 | 1 | [
42022760
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,282 | koolba | 2024-11-01T22:43:15 | Nvidia to join Dow Jones Industrial Average, replacing Intel | null | https://www.cnbc.com/2024/11/01/nvidia-to-join-dow-jones-industrial-average-replacing-intel.html | 414 | 222 | [
42025754,
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] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,311 | SoKamil | 2024-11-01T22:46:47 | GitHub's Copilot Comes to Apple's Xcode | null | https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/29/githubs-copilot-comes-to-apples-xcode/ | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,335 | ebalit | 2024-11-01T22:50:39 | AMD Open-Source 1B OLMo Language Models | null | https://www.amd.com/en/developer/resources/technical-articles/introducing-the-first-amd-1b-language-model.html | 78 | 33 | [
42023604,
42022481,
42029550,
42024125
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,344 | PaulHoule | 2024-11-01T22:51:39 | Study: Disruptive protests by fringe groups give moderate groups more support | null | https://phys.org/news/2024-10-disruptive-protests-fringe-groups-moderate.html | 3 | 2 | [
42022391
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,350 | jgfriedman1999 | 2024-11-01T22:53:36 | null | null | null | 1 | null | null | null | true | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,360 | meryca | 2024-11-01T22:56:05 | null | null | null | 2 | null | [
42022361,
42022511,
42022385
] | null | true | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,370 | stareatgoats | 2024-11-01T22:57:23 | Dear NHL, We Can't See the Ice Through the Ads | null | https://jacobin.com/2024/11/ice-hockey-nhl-ads-owners/ | 5 | 2 | [
42023380,
42028290
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,371 | null | 2024-11-01T22:57:37 | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"true"
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,416 | nirayecki | 2024-11-01T23:04:12 | null | null | null | 1 | null | [
42022417
] | null | true | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,421 | apsec112 | 2024-11-01T23:04:21 | Occupational Licensing Roundup | null | https://thezvi.substack.com/p/occupational-licensing-roundup-1 | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,429 | noch | 2024-11-01T23:06:03 | Do humans learn like transformer networks? | null | https://osf.io/preprints/psyarxiv/ryn8d | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,442 | godelmachine | 2024-11-01T23:07:49 | Video-ChatGPT: Towards Video Understanding via Large Vision and Language Models | null | https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.05424 | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,445 | ijidak | 2024-11-01T23:08:13 | Concerns Grow over Intel | null | https://www.semafor.com/article/11/01/2024/concerns-grow-in-washington-over-intel | 5 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,452 | friedrich_zip | 2024-11-01T23:09:50 | A global news feed in the style of Hacker News | null | https://listed.news/?topic=world | 2 | 3 | [
42022483,
42022453
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,459 | sigma5 | 2024-11-01T23:10:51 | US Space Force warns of 'mind-boggling' build-up of Chinese capabilities | null | https://www.ft.com/content/509b39e0-b40c-41b3-9c6a-9005859c6fea | 10 | 1 | [
42022593
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,461 | Jake83741 | 2024-11-01T23:10:54 | Show HN: Discord bot for LLMs. Use local models and cloud providers | Chat with LLMs through Discord. Supports APIs for Ollama, OpenRouter, Mistral, and Cohere. | https://github.com/jake83741/vnc-lm | 1 | 2 | [
42022779
] | null | null | no_error | GitHub - jake83741/vnc-lm: vnc-lm is a Discord bot with Ollama, OpenRouter, Mistral, Cohere, and Github Models API integration | null | jake83741 | vnc-lm
11-05-2024: Added support for vision on hosted APIs
11-01-2024: Added support for hosted APIs
10-27-2024: Added prompt refining
Introduction
vnc-lm is a Discord bot with ollama, OpenRouter, Mistral, Cohere, and GitHub Models API integration.
Load and manage language models through local or hosted API endpoints. Configure parameters, branch conversations, and refine prompts to improve responses.
Vision support
Model pulling with ollama
Features
Model Management
Load models using the /model command. The bot sends notifications upon successful model loading. Local models can be removed with the remove parameter. Download new models by sending a model tag link in Discord.
https://ollama.com/library/llama3.2:1b-instruct-q8_0
https://huggingface.co/bartowski/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-GGUF/blob/main/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q8_0.gguf
🚧 Model downloading and removal is turned off by default and can be enabled by configuring the .env.
Configure model behavior by adjusting the num_ctx (context length), system_prompt (base instructions), and temperature (response randomness) parameters.
QoL Improvements
Messages longer than 1500 characters are automatically paginated during generation. Message streaming is available with ollama. Other APIs handle responses quickly without streaming. The context window accepts text files, web links, and images. Deploy using Docker for a simplified setup.
Vision is available only through the supported hosted APIs. Even on hosted APIs, not all models support vision capabilities.
Switch conversations by selecting rejoin conversation from the context menu. Branch conversations from any message. Messages are cached and organized in bot_cache.json. Messages deleted in Discord are also deleted from the cache. The entrypoint.sh script maintains conversation history across Docker container restarts.
💡 Message stop to end message generation early.
Edit your last prompt to refine the model's response. The bot generates a new response using your edited prompt, replacing the previous output.
Requirements
Docker: Docker is a platform designed to help developers build, share, and run container applications. We handle the tedious setup, so you can focus on the code.
Supported APIs
Provider
Description
ollama
Get up and running with Llama 3.2, Mistral, Gemma 2, and other large language models.
OpenRouter
A unified interface for LLMs. Find the best models & prices for your prompts. Use the latest state-of-the-art models from OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, and Meta.
Mistral
Mistral AI is a research lab building the best open source models in the world. La Plateforme enables developers and enterprises to build new products and applications, powered by Mistral's open source and commercial LLMs.
Cohere
The Cohere platform builds natural language processing and generation into your product with a few lines of code. Our large language models can solve a broad spectrum of natural language use cases, including classification, semantic search, paraphrasing, summarization, and content generation.
GitHub Models
If you want to develop a generative AI application, you can use GitHub Models to find and experiment with AI models for free. Once you are ready to bring your application to production, you can switch to a token from a paid Azure account.
💡 Each API offers a free tier.
Environment Configuration
git clone https://github.com/jake83741/vnc-lm.git
cd vnc-lm
Rename .env.example to .env.
Configure the below fields in the .env:
TOKEN: Discord bot token from the Discord Developer Portal. Set required bot permissions.
OLLAMAURL: ollama server URL. See API documentation. For Docker: http://host.docker.internal:11434
NUM_CTX: Context window size. Default: 2048
TEMPERATURE: Response randomness. Default: 0.4
KEEP_ALIVE: Model retention time in memory. Default: 45m
CHARACTER_LIMIT: Page embed character limit. Default: 1500
API_RESPONSE_UPDATE_FREQUENCY: API response chunk size before message updates. Low values trigger Discord throttling. Default: 10
ADMIN: Discord user ID for model management permissions
REQUIRE_MENTION: Toggle bot mention requirement. Default: false
USE_VISION: Turn vision on or off. Turning vision off will turn OCR on. (default: false)
OPENROUTER: OpenRouter API key from the OpenRouter Dashboard
OPENROUTER_MODELS: Comma-separated OpenRouter model list
MISTRAL_API_KEY: Mistral API key from the Mistral Dashboard
MISTRAL_MODELS: Comma-separated Mistral model list
COHERE_API_KEY: Cohere API key from the Cohere Dashboard
COHERE_MODELS: Comma-separated Cohere model list
GITHUB_API_KEY: GitHub API key from the GitHub Models Dashboard
GITHUB_MODELS: Comma-separated GitHub model list
Docker Installation (Preferred)
docker compose up --build
💡 Send /help for instructions on how to use the bot.
Manual Installation
npm install
npm run build
npm start
Usage
Use /model to load, configure, and remove models. Quickly adjust model behavior using the optional parameters num_ctx, system_prompt, and temperature. Note that num_ctx only works with local ollama models.
Refine prompts to modify model responses. Each refinement generates a new response that overwrites the previous one. Multiple refinements are supported. The latest prompt version is saved in bot_cache.json.
Access Rejoin Conversation in Discord's context menu to resume from any message. Hop between conversations while maintaining context. Create new conversation branches as needed. Continue conversations using different models and parameter settings.
Tree Diagram
.
├── LICENSE
├── README.md
├── docker-compose.yaml
├── dockerfile
├── .env.example
├── package.json
├── screenshots
├── src
├── api-connections
│ ├── config
│ │ └── models.ts
│ ├── factory.ts
│ ├── index.ts
│ ├── interfaces
│ │ ├── base-client.ts
│ │ └── model-manager.ts
│ ├── models.ts
│ └── provider
│ ├── hosted
│ │ └── client.ts
│ └── ollama
│ └── client.ts
├── bot.ts
├── commands
│ ├── command-registry.ts
│ ├── help-command.ts
│ ├── model-command.ts
│ ├── optional-params
│ │ └── remove.ts
│ └── rejoin-conversation.ts
├── managers
│ ├── cache
│ │ ├── entrypoint.sh
│ │ ├── index.ts
│ │ ├── manager.ts
│ │ └── store.ts
│ ├── generation
│ │ ├── chunk.ts
│ │ ├── create.ts
│ │ └── preprocessing.ts
│ ├── message
│ │ └── manager.ts
│ └── pages
│ └── manager.ts
├── services
│ ├── ocr.ts
│ └── scraper.ts
└── utilities
├── constants.ts
├── index.ts
├── settings.ts
└── types.ts
└── tsconfig.json
Dependencies
{
"dependencies": {
"@azure-rest/ai-inference": "latest",
"@azure/core-auth": "latest",
"@mozilla/readability": "^0.5.0",
"@types/xlsx": "^0.0.35",
"axios": "^1.7.2",
"cohere-ai": "^7.14.0",
"discord.js": "^14.15.3",
"dotenv": "^16.4.5",
"jsdom": "^24.1.3",
"puppeteer": "^22.14.0",
"sharp": "^0.33.5",
"tesseract.js": "^5.1.0"
},
"devDependencies": {
"@types/axios": "^0.14.0",
"@types/dotenv": "^8.2.0",
"@types/jsdom": "^21.1.7",
"@types/node": "^18.15.25",
"@types/pdf-parse": "^1.1.4",
"typescript": "^5.1.3"
}
}
Notes
Set higher num_ctx values when using attachments with large amounts of text
Vision models may have difficulty with follow-up questions.
License
This project is licensed under the MIT License.
| 2024-11-08T21:03:43 | en | train |
42,022,464 | sinoue | 2024-11-01T23:11:22 | Why Tech Employees Are Ready to Revolt | null | https://www.inc.com/joe-procopio/why-tech-employees-are-ready-to-revolt/90996313 | 50 | 87 | [
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42,022,472 | SelwynKarmic6 | 2024-11-01T23:12:06 | null | null | null | 1 | null | null | null | true | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,473 | gmays | 2024-11-01T23:12:08 | Protein That Could Improve Cardiovascular Health of Those with Progeria | null | https://today.umd.edu/umd-led-study-could-lead-to-lengthened-lives-for-patients-with-premature-aging-disease | 3 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,503 | cratermoon | 2024-11-01T23:17:31 | No More Layoffs with a Payoff: It's Time to Freeze CEO Salaries | null | https://www.joanwestenberg.com/no-more-layoffs-with-a-payoff-its-time-to-freeze-ceo-salaries/ | 56 | 45 | [
42023569,
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42,022,517 | antves | 2024-11-01T23:19:29 | Show HN: Fast-Graphrag | null | https://github.com/circlemind-ai/fast-graphrag | 3 | 3 | [
42022518,
42022749
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,540 | ksec | 2024-11-01T23:22:25 | Apple Acquires Photo Editing App Maker Pixelmator | null | https://www.macrumors.com/2024/11/01/apple-acquires-pixelmator/ | 3 | 1 | [
42022580
] | null | null | no_error | Apple Acquires Photo Editing App Maker Pixelmator | null | Friday November 1, 2024 9:41 am PDT by Tim Hardwick | Apple has reached an agreement to acquire Pixelmator, the company behind popular photo and image editing apps Pixelmator Pro, Pixelmator for iOS, and Photomator. The acquisition is subject to regulatory approval, according to an announcement made by the Pixelmator team on Friday.
Based in Vilnius, Lithuania, Pixelmator has developed a suite of well-regarded creative tools that compete with Adobe's offerings while maintaining a focus on ease of use and performance. The company's apps have been exclusively available on Apple's platforms, including Mac, iPad, and iPhone.
In their announcement, the Pixelmator team expressed enthusiasm about joining Apple, noting that they've been "inspired by Apple since day one" and have aimed to craft their products with a similar focus on design and user experience. The team believes the acquisition will help them reach a broader audience and increase their impact on creative professionals worldwide.
For current Pixelmator users, the company stated there will be "no material changes" to their existing apps at this time, though they teased "exciting updates to come." Financial terms of the acquisition were not disclosed. The deal marks Apple's latest investment in professional creative tools, following previous acquisitions in the space such as Logic Pro and Final Cut Pro.
Popular StoriesTrack 2024 U.S. Election Results Live on Your iPhone Lock ScreenTuesday November 5, 2024 5:02 am PST by Tim HardwickApple News is providing Live Activities support for the 2024 U.S. presidential election, allowing iPhone and iPad users to track electoral results in real time directly from their Lock Screen.
The feature is rolling out for U.S. users over the course of Election Day, November 5, providing continuous updates of the electoral count. So if you're interested, you don't need to repeatedly check...Everything New in iOS 18.2 Beta 2Monday November 4, 2024 12:34 pm PST by Juli CloverApple today seeded the second betas of upcoming iOS 18.2 and iPadOS 18.2 updates to developers, and Apple is continuing to refine the Apple Intelligence capabilities. There are also a handful of smaller features that are worth knowing about.
Find My
Find My has a new option to Share Item Location with an "airline or trusted person" that can help you locate something that you've misplaced....Here's What's New in Apple's Updated iCloud Terms and Conditions Taking Effect Next WeekFriday September 13, 2024 7:39 am PDT by Joe RossignolApple has started notifying users about an upcoming revision to its iCloud Terms and Conditions, which takes effect on Monday, September 16.
We compared the text of the upcoming iCloud Terms and Conditions with the current U.S. version from September 18, 2023 and identified four key changes:
"Apple ID" references have been changed to "Apple Account" throughout.
iCloud users must agree to ...The Best Early Black Friday iPad DealsBlack Friday is still a few weeks away, but you can already find great prices on numerous iPads, including the 9th generation iPad, 10th generation iPad, iPad Air, and iPad mini.
Note: MacRumors is an affiliate partner with some of these vendors. When you click a link and make a purchase, we may receive a small payment, which helps us keep the site running.
Of course, there is a chance that ...iOS 18.2 Beta 2 Shows Siri ChatGPT Limit, Offers 'Plus' Upgrade OptionMonday November 4, 2024 10:54 am PST by Juli CloverWith the second beta of iOS 18.2 that's available for developers today, Apple has further fleshed out the ChatGPT integration that's available with Siri. In the Settings app, there's now a section that shows the ChatGPT daily limit, and offers an option to upgrade to the paid ChatGPT Plus plan.
The beta includes an Advanced Capabilities section with a "Daily Limit" reading that shows up as...The Best Early Black Friday Apple Watch DealsBlack Friday is just around the corner, and Apple Watch deals have begun appearing ahead of the shopping holiday on November 29. In this article, we'll take a look at all of the best early Black Friday Apple Watch deals, including the new Series 10 models.
Note: MacRumors is an affiliate partner with some of these vendors. When you click a link and make a purchase, we may receive a small... | 2024-11-08T11:49:00 | en | train |
42,022,581 | namrog84 | 2024-11-01T23:27:41 | Discord/Messenger Alternative Wishlist? | I have been interested in starting a hobby project that could one day maybe become something more.<p>I've been considering a Discord alternative as 1 possibility of a project and to do a few things differently.<p>MS Teams and Slack still seem more business oriented still. I have heard of Revolt but it feels like it's going just direct Discord Alternative, and not trying to change it up too much, at least not yet.<p>What features would you consider a worthwhile differentiator instead of doing 'more of the same' that discord wouldn't likely ever do?<p>Obviously, aside from all the standard-esque things from text to voice, etc..<p>The few features that could make a discord alt more compelling of a platform.<p>1. More public facing community features (Don't be a blackhole of information).
e.g. Allow public facing announcements/channels to be viewable without an account on the web. Some game companies use Discord to share announcements/patch notes but having to 'have an account, join a server, to view patch notes'. This blackhole of information just feels challenging for no good reason.<p>2. Allow a few more 'advanced users' type scenarios, even if it results in inconsistent or degraded user experiences. e.g. Allow P2P video screen sharing without needing to go thru middle re-broadcast. I know this doesn't scale with multiple consumers but with 1-2 proper users it be allowable. Saves a lot of upfront server $.<p>3. Support Channel/Chat aggregation (mostly cosmetic). Have a single view for quickly going between channels/private messages. Without having to go to each individual server first.<p># Differentation<p>What features would you consider a worthwhile differentiator instead of doing 'more of the same' that discord is ever likely to do?<p>Also, any recommendations on technologies or frameworks to help me jumpstart? I have my professional strengths, but would rather stay open minded to all suggestions. | null | 10 | 7 | [
42028301,
42042265,
42022676,
42052615
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,585 | m463 | 2024-11-01T23:28:01 | Rivian's Chief Software Officer Says In-Car Buttons Are 'An Anomaly' | null | https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/30/rivians-chief-software-officer-says-in-car-buttons-are-an-anomaly/ | 4 | 5 | [
42022656,
42022752,
42022847
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,599 | LopRabbit | 2024-11-01T23:29:12 | Nvidia (NVDA) to Replace Intel in the Dow Jones Industrial Average | null | https://www.tipranks.com/news/nvidia-nvda-to-replace-intel-in-the-dow-jones-industrial-average | 58 | 28 | [
42022755,
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42,022,604 | geox | 2024-11-01T23:29:31 | Machine learning's potential to reveal personality traits through eye tracking | null | https://www.psypost.org/researchers-test-machine-learnings-potential-to-reveal-personality-traits-through-eye-tracking/ | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,630 | doener | 2024-11-01T23:32:40 | Lunar Lake's integrated memory is an expensive one-off | null | https://www.tomshardware.com/pc-components/cpus/lunar-lakes-integrated-memory-is-an-expensive-one-off-intel-rejects-the-approach-for-future-cpus-due-to-margin-impact | 3 | 0 | null | null | null | no_error | Lunar Lake's integrated memory is an expensive one-off — Intel rejects the approach for future CPUs due to margin impact | 2024-11-01T18:04:31+00:00 | Anton Shilov |
On-package memory is one of the factors that made Apple's M-series processors fast, efficient, and compact. With its Core Ultra 200V (Lunar Lake) processors, Intel adopted the same architecture, which enabled what Intel says is a great product but severely hurt Intel's profit margins. The chipmaker (via SeekingAlpha) says it will no longer feature on-package memory for next-gen CPUs."[On-package memory is] a one-off with Lunar Lake," said Pat Gelsinger, chief executive of Intel, at the earnings conference call with analysts and investors. That will not be the case with Panther Lake, Nova Lake, and its successors as well. We will build it in a more traditional way with memory off package in the CPU, GPU, NPU, and I/O capabilities in the package. But volume memory will be off-package in the roadmap going forward."Intel's Core Ultra 200V processors come with 16GB or 32GB of on-package LPDDR5X-8533 memory connected using a 128-bit interface. This allows for the saving of plenty of space inside laptops, as memory modules (and soldered-down memory chips) occupy a lot of space. That area can be used to install bigger batteries, ensuring greater battery life or some additional logic to boost functionality. As a bonus, on-package memory can help to cut latencies and power consumption.However, on-package memory means that Intel needed to procure these LPDDR5X devices at prices higher than those available to large OEMs. This, for obvious reasons, affects Intel's own profit margin. Handling that memory and installing it on the package also costs money, another factor that affects the profitability of the Lunar Lake product. Finally, selling CPUs with pre-installed memory reduces flexibility for PC makers, which is important for them.Intel says it envisioned Lunar Lake as a niche product for compact laptops with long battery life. However, since end users demand advanced on-device AI capabilities and Lunar Lake can offer relatively high NPU performance, Intel had to increase output volume for these Core Ultra 2-series processors. Although Intel says that these CPUs are pretty successful, it does not want to deal with on-package DRAM going forward."Lunar Lake was initially designed to be a niche product that we wanted to achieve highest performance and great battery life capability, and then AI PC occurred," said Gelsinger. "And with AI PC, it went from being a niche product to a pretty high-volume product. Now relatively speaking, we are not talking about 50 million, 100 million units, but a meaningful portion of our total mix from a relatively small piece of it as well. So as that shift occurred, this became a bigger margin implication both for Lunar Lake and for the company overall."Get Tom's Hardware's best news and in-depth reviews, straight to your inbox.
| 2024-11-07T23:24:34 | en | train |
42,022,649 | michaelkrem | 2024-11-01T23:35:37 | Direct Sockets API in Chrome 131 | null | https://chromestatus.com/feature/6398297361088512 | 198 | 158 | [
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42,022,682 | LightMachine | 2024-11-01T23:40:30 | HVM3's Optimal Atomic Linker (With Polarization) | null | https://gist.github.com/VictorTaelin/2aba162f2b04478dc53e5615f482db7b | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,688 | sandebert | 2024-11-01T23:41:46 | Mergiraf – a merge driver for Git that can solve a wide range of merge conflicts | null | https://mergiraf.org/ | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,711 | rriley | 2024-11-01T23:45:01 | Show HN: Turn Any Image into an AI-Powered Conversation | I have been working on this Chrome browser extension called roleplayr.ai. It lets you have a conversation with any image you encounter online. Simply click on an image, start a conversation, and let AI bring it to life with unique responses based on its context.<p>I love the idea of turning visuals into interactive experiences. Imagine chatting with the Mona Lisa about Renaissance fashion or asking a historical figure about their life. Memes become punchlines waiting to happen. Roleplayr.ai turns visuals into engaging, AI-driven dialogues.<p>I believe this is a new way to explore the web. I hope you'll check it out and let me know what you think. | https://roleplayr.ai/ | 3 | 1 | [
42023210
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,769 | ohjeez | 2024-11-01T23:52:31 | Typology of Old German Spinning Tops (1935) | null | https://www.presentandcorrect.com/blogs/blog/typology-of-old-german-spinning-tops-1935 | 18 | 6 | [
42050150,
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] | null | null | missing_parsing | Typology of Old German Spinning Tops (1935) | 2024-09-05T11:39:56Z | Neal Whittington |
September 5, 2024
Scanned by us from two old promotional cards.
| 2024-11-08T09:01:32 | null | train |
42,022,773 | louzell | 2024-11-01T23:52:52 | Notes on SPM Package Naming | null | https://www.louzell.com/notes/spm_naming_conventions.html | 3 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,786 | jnord | 2024-11-01T23:54:42 | Sophos' 5-Year War with the Chinese Hackers Hijacking Its Devices | null | https://www.wired.com/story/sophos-chengdu-china-five-year-hacker-war/ | 7 | 2 | [
42023103,
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] | null | null | missing_parsing | Inside Sophos' 5-Year War With the Chinese Hackers Hijacking Its Devices | 2024-10-31T08:45:00.000-04:00 | Andy Greenberg | For years, it's been an inconvenient truth within the cybersecurity industry that the network security devices sold to protect customers from spies and cybercriminals are, themselves, often the machines those intruders hack to gain access to their targets. Again and again, vulnerabilities in “perimeter” devices like firewalls and VPN appliances have become footholds for sophisticated hackers trying to break into the very systems those appliances were designed to safeguard.Now one cybersecurity vendor is revealing how intensely—and for how long—it has battled with one group of hackers that have sought to exploit its products to their own advantage. For more than five years, the UK cybersecurity firm Sophos engaged in a cat-and-mouse game with one loosely connected team of adversaries who targeted its firewalls. The company went so far as to track down and monitor the specific devices on which the hackers were testing their intrusion techniques, surveil the hackers at work, and ultimately trace that focused, years-long exploitation effort to a single network of vulnerability researchers in Chengdu, China.On Thursday, Sophos chronicled that half-decade-long war with those Chinese hackers in a report that details its escalating tit-for-tat. The company went as far as discreetly installing its own “implants” on the Chinese hackers' Sophos devices to monitor and preempt their attempts at exploiting its firewalls. Sophos researchers even eventually obtained from the hackers' test machines a specimen of “bootkit” malware designed to hide undetectably in the firewalls' low-level code used to boot up the devices, a trick that has never been seen in the wild.In the process, Sophos analysts identified a series of hacking campaigns that had started with indiscriminate mass exploitation of its products but eventually became more stealthy and targeted, hitting nuclear energy suppliers and regulators, military targets including a military hospital, telecoms, government and intelligence agencies, and the airport of one national capital. While most of the targets—which Sophos declined to identify in greater detail—were in South and Southeast Asia, a smaller number were in Europe, the Middle East, and the United States.Sophos' report ties those multiple hacking campaigns—with varying levels of confidence—to Chinese state-sponsored hacking groups including those known as APT41, APT31, and Volt Typhoon, the latter of which is a particularly aggressive team that has sought the ability to disrupt critical infrastructure in the US, including power grids. But the common thread throughout those efforts to hack Sophos' devices, the company says, is not one of those previously identified hackers groups but instead a broader network of researchers that appears to have developed hacking techniques and supplied them to the Chinese government. Sophos' analysts tie that exploit development to an academic institute and a contractor, both around Chengdu: Sichuan Silence Information Technology—a firm previously tied by Meta to Chinese state-run disinformation efforts—and the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China.Sophos says it’s telling that story now not just to share a glimpse of China's pipeline of hacking research and development, but also to break the cybersecurity industry's awkward silence around the larger issue of vulnerabilities in security appliances serving as entry points for hackers. In just the past year, for instance, flaws in security products from other vendors including Ivanti, Fortinet, Cisco, and Palo Alto have all been exploited in mass hacking or targeted intrusion campaigns. “This is becoming a bit of an open secret. People understand this is happening, but unfortunately everyone is zip,” says Sophos chief information security officer Ross McKerchar, miming pulling a zipper across his lips. “We're taking a different approach, trying to be very transparent, to address this head-on and meet our adversary on the battlefield.”From One Hacked Display to Waves of Mass IntrusionAs Sophos tells it, the company's long-running battle with the Chinese hackers began in 2018 with a breach of Sophos itself. The company discovered a malware infection on a computer running a display screen in the Ahmedabad office of its India-based subsidiary Cyberoam. The malware had gotten Sophos' attention due to its noisy scanning of the network. But when the company's analysts looked more closely, they found that the hackers behind it had already compromised other machines on the Cyberoam network with a more sophisticated rootkit they identified as CloudSnooper. In retrospect, the company believes that initial intrusion was designed to gain intelligence about Sophos products that would enable follow-on attacks on its customers.Then in the spring of 2020, Sophos began to learn about a broad campaign of indiscriminate infections of tens of thousands of firewalls around the world in an apparent attempt to install a trojan called Asnarök and create what it calls “operational relay boxes” or ORBs—essentially a botnet of compromised machines the hackers could use as launching points for other operations. The campaign was surprisingly well resourced, exploiting multiple zero-day vulnerabilities the hackers appeared to have discovered in Sophos appliances. Only a bug in the malware's cleanup attempts on a small fraction of the affected machines allowed Sophos to analyze the intrusions and begin to study the hackers targeting its products. | 2024-11-08T20:27:26 | null | train |
42,022,796 | lopkeny12ko | 2024-11-01T23:56:29 | Okta – Username Above 52 Characters Security Advisory | null | https://trust.okta.com/security-advisories/okta-ad-ldap-delegated-authentication-username/ | 144 | 74 | [
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42,022,825 | luxuryforex | 2024-11-02T00:00:04 | null | null | null | 1 | null | null | null | true | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,842 | slimvenera94 | 2024-11-02T00:02:25 | null | null | null | 1 | null | [
42022843
] | null | true | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,865 | yamrzou | 2024-11-02T00:05:11 | The Folly of Fools | null | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Folly_of_Fools | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,871 | PaulHoule | 2024-11-02T00:06:09 | Nissan's 1.5L, 400-HP 3-Cylinder Engine Deserved to Live on Beyond Racing | null | https://www.thedrive.com/news/what-happened-to-nissan-deltawing-engine | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | missing_parsing | Nissan's 1.5L, 400-HP 3-Cylinder Engine Deserved to Live on Beyond Racing | null | Ronan Glon |
Nissan
The DeltaWing raised more than a few eyebrows when it showed up at the 2012 24 Hours of Le Mans. Racing under the Garage 56 banner, the experimental single-seater was shaped like a land-bound fighter jet and powered by a Nissan-branded four-cylinder. That powertrain was optimized over the next few years, culminating in a 400-horsepower, three-cylinder mill that weighed merely 88 pounds. The project eventually fizzled out, and the little engine’s whereabouts were unknown to the public until Drivetribe tracked it down in a British workshop.
In hindsight, the engine and the car it powered didn’t go very far; they were stored in a facility owned by the RML Group, which developed both. The engine is a marvel of engineering: Nicknamed Diglett after a Pokémon, it weighs about as much as a modern, 125cc Vespa engine, yet boasts more than 10 times the displacement and develops 400 hp and 279 lb-ft of torque. These figures give it a better power-to-weight ratio than the engines that powered Formula 1 cars in that era. It’s tiny, too. In January 2014, Nissan bragged that the 19.68-inch tall, 15.74-inch long, and 7.78-inch wide triple was compact enough to take as carry-on luggage on a plane. Sounds like a challenge to us.
The 2014 Nissan ZEOD RC, the experimental race car inspired by the original DeltaWing that used the three-cylinder engine. Nissan
RML managed to build such a power-dense engine by leveraging weight-saving solutions, according to Drivetribe. The valve cover is notably made using carbon fiber, and components like the pulleys are much smaller than those you find on regular production engines. Keep in mind that this was developed as a racing engine, too, so engineers had fewer restrictions than if they were developing a motor for, say, a mass-produced crossover. For example, the cylinder head and the block are cast as a single unit, which eliminates the need for a head gasket.
Although promising and extremely innovative, the engine remained at the prototype stage instead of ending up modified for street use. Nissan’s current three-cylinders are a lot less exciting. In Europe, you can get the Juke with a 1.0-liter turbocharged triple rated at 114 horsepower.
Thankfully, these days you’re not entirely out of luck if you want a power-dense three-cylinder engine. Toyota’s 1.6-liter turbocharged triple develops 300 horsepower and 295 pound-feet of torque in the GR Corolla. It also powers the GR Yaris and, against a great many odds, the Lexus LBX Morizo RR crossover.
Got tips? Send ’em to [email protected]
| 2024-11-08T18:22:31 | null | train |
42,022,888 | sumarum1969 | 2024-11-02T00:08:45 | null | null | null | 1 | null | null | null | true | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
42,022,931 | null | 2024-11-02T00:15:42 | null | null | null | null | null | null | [
"true"
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42,022,932 | hckrofalltrades | 2024-11-02T00:16:26 | Why sprints are taking the joy out of building software | null | https://zaidesanton.substack.com/p/why-sprints-are-broken | 53 | 23 | [
42023694,
42023150,
42024507,
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42023047,
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] | null | null | no_error | Why sprints are taking the joy out of building software | 2024-10-29T07:02:05+00:00 | Anton Zaides | To sprint is to run as fast as you can over a short distance. And what happens after you finish a sprint? You need to catch your breath and rest (maybe even vomit a little if you are out of shape). Imagine a 100m runner doing 26 sprints, one-after-the-other, no breaks:And then, start another one…That’s how most software teams feel! <Rant>Stop right there. Let’s break that “Sprints are at the very heart of scrum and agile methodologies” myth. Sprints ARE NOT at the heart of Agile!Here’s the manifesto:Think about your last sprint. Do you feel those “Individuals and interactions over processes and tools” and “Responding to change over following a plan” parts worked well?Or do you feel that everyone cared about sticking to the process above all else? Tell me if you ever heard at least one of those:There are only 2 days left in the sprint, so let’s take that random bug instead of the important feature from the next sprint which will take 4 days.Let’s give one last push to finish the sprint goals, we committed to them!If we finish 100% of the sprint it means we didn’t put in enough, 80-85% is a great result. Our sprint goal is to “make progress on feature X”! The PM: “We agreed to have only 15% for tech debt in each sprint, you’ll have to move this to the next one”.Our team has great velocity, that’s what matters. The features are late because the product didn’t define them well.Why the burndown chart doesn’t go down? Let’s start to release things ASAP. Now stop for a minute. If you had to think about the ideal way to organize your team’s efforts, do you honestly think you would have gone with the current way of doing things?Do you feel it brings the most value to your customers? Do you think your engineers truly enjoy the process, feeling they contribute from their own creativity? But first - Exciting news alert! 🎉 In a few weeks, Michał and I are going to help 50 ambitious engineering managers to:Stop feeling stressed and overwhelmed.Have more free time to do the things you want.Build a super high-performing team.We know you are busy with real problems, so we ask for only 10 minutes each week, including the weekly exercise. No BS.We limit the sign-ups to our email course because we plan to answer every single question you have, to make sure it will be tailored to your needs.The price will be $59, if you are curious to know more click below:I want to join the waitlist!Ok, back to business:Last week I had a conversation with a CTO in a very small startup. It is just him and 2 developers. When I asked how they organize the work, he said:We release only when we feel ready, usually in cycles of 2-8 weeks. We first try to release an internal beta with the biggest uncertainty parts, and while we collect feedback we continue to polish things. Once we feel good about the quality and state of the feature, we release and move to the next one. Hold your objections (‘We need to promise something to the customers! You can’t do that in a mature company with thousands of customers!’). Let me tell you about Basecamp. A 24-year-old company, which generates tens of millions in profit in year. No roadmaps, no goals. I covered a book their CEO and CTO wrote in ‘It doesn’t have to be crazy at work’.For a quick review on their alternative to sprints, read this article:We work in 6-week cycles. Once a cycle is over, we take one or two weeks off of scheduled projects so everyone can roam independently, fix stuff up, pick up some pet projects we’ve wanted to do, and generally wind down prior to starting the next six week cycle.Note: These are not sprints. I despise the word sprints. Sprints and work don’t go together. This isn’t about running all out as fast as you can, it’s about working calmly, at a nice pace, and making smart calls along the way. No brute force here, no catching our collective breath at the end.If that interests you, they wrote a free guide on how they operate, called ‘Shape Up’. Fried mentions in his podcast episode with that he doesn’t suggest going all-in and changing everything in the way you work - as that’ll surely fail. He suggests to start with a PoC for a single project, and see how it goes from there.For stories of 10 successful companies of various sizes implementing Shape Up, check out the Shapers & Builders episode.“Anton, this is all nice and interesting, but it’s not up to me to decide how my team works”. I feel you. That’s probably the case for 99% of you, who work in big companies, with existing habits and processes. Still, there are many things we can do:Always leave some room to breathe in the sprint. I constantly fight the argument of “let’s put this in the sprint, and worst case we will move it to the next one” with “let’s not take it in the sprint, best case we can add it if we have time”. ‘Make progress on X’ is a stupid sprint goal. Don’t force it.If someone finishes their tasks, it’s ok to let them work on what they want.Fight for ‘quality’/’break’ sprints. A 2-3 week period where people can fix stuff. Even once a year is better than nothing.Think critically. Don’t accept practices you don’t believe in just because you are used to them. Your team doesn’t want the daily standup meeting? Skip it! Do you feel the retros are repeating themselves and do you need some time to address the issues? Skip a couple of them!</rant>I’m not saying everything is bad about sprints. They are called so because they are the opposite of ‘Marathons’, which were common in the waterfall methodology. You worked on software for months/years, without any interaction with customers in the middle.I just think that the software world will be a better place if engineering managers would think for themselves and come up with systems that work for their specific context - industry, company, team. Scope? Perhaps we should talk about thoroughness instead. by Step back & think about which system you're optimizing by . One of the authors of the Agile manifesto who also publishes on Substack!Yes, Or... by . A great list of examples for when common wisdom fails. | 2024-11-08T11:19:25 | en | train |
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