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7,859 | danielha | 2007-03-31T19:10:25 | The Architecture of Mailinator - averaging 4.5million emails a day on a single 2Ghz machine | null | http://mailinator.blogspot.com/2007/01/architecture-of-mailinator.html | 37 | 11 | [
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Almost 3.5 years ago I started the Mailinator(tm) service. I got the bulk of the idea from my drunk roommate at the time and the first incarnation took me all of about 3 days to code up. In some senses it was a crazy idea. As far I know, it was the first site of its kind. A web-based email service that allowed any incoming email to create an inbox. No sign-up. No personal information. Send email first, check email later.This became ridiculously handy for things like signing up for websites that send you one confirmation email, then save or sell or spam your email address forever. And of course, it *is* very handy for users. But think about it from mailinator's side. Its basically signing up to receive spam for that address forever. That's a tall order and one that seems to have the possibility of a terrible demise. Someday, enough email could come in that will simply smush Mailinator. But, as of this writing, that day isn't today.I have in that 3.5 years received hundreds of "thank you" emails, a pile of "it doesn't work" emails, a radio interview, articles in the Washington Post, New York Times, and Delta Skymiles magazine, 1 call from both Scotland Yard and the LAPD, and a total of 4 subpoenas (1 of those being a Federal Grand Jury subpoena issued by the FBI).At this point, Mailinator averages approximately 2.5million emails per day. I have seen hourly spikes that would result in about 5million in a day. (Edit: Feb 2007 - One month later we're averaging 4.5million emails a day with spikes over 6million) In addition, the system also services several thousand web users and several thousand RSS users per day.In the world of email services, this probably isn't all that much. The most interesting part to me is that the complete set of hardware that mailinator uses is one little server. Just one. A very modest machine with an AMD 2Ghz Athlon processor, 1G of ram (although it really doesn't need that much), and a boring IDE, 80G hard drive (Check ServerBeach's Category 1 Powerline 2100 for the exact specs). And honestly, its really not very busy at all. I've read the blogs of some copycat services of Mailinator where their owners were upgrading their servers to some big iron. This was really the impetus for me writing down this document - to share a different point of view.Mailinator easily handling a few million emails a day wasn't always the case. The initial mailinator system was quite busy. And in fact, got overwhelmed about a year ago when email traffic started topping 800,000 a day (that's my recollection anyway). In an effort to squeeze life out of theserver and as an exercise in putting together some principles I always championed about server development, I rewrote the system from scratch. I have no idea what the current limit of the existing system is, but at 2.5million a day, its not even breaking a sweat.If you don't know what Mailinator is, take a small tour through the (rather funny) FAQ.Lossy lossie losseeThere is a very important point to note about the Mailinator service. And that is, that it is indeed - free. Although it might not seem like it, it has an immense impact on the design (as you'll see). This allowed me to favor performance across the board of the design. This fact influenced decisions from how I dealt with detecting spam all the way down to how I synchronized some code blocks. No kidding.The basic tenet is that I do not have to provide perfect service. In order to do that, my hardware requirements would be much higher. Now that would all be fine and dandy if people were paying for the service. I could then provide support and guarantees. But given its free I instead went for, in order, these two design decisions:1) Design a system that values survival above all else even users (as of course, if its down, users aren't really getting much out of it)2) Provide 99.99% uptime and accuracy for users.If you wonder what I mean about "survival" in the first line, it basically means that Mailinator is attacked on literally a daily basis. I wanted to make a system that could survive the large majority of those attacks. Note - I'm not interested in it surviving all of them. Because again, if some zombie network decided to Denial-of-service me - I really have no chance of thwarting it without some serious hardware. The good news is that if someone goes to all the trouble of smashing Mailinator (again referencing the fact we're lossy), I really don't lose much sleep over it. It sucks for my users - but there really isn't anything I can do anyway. I'm not trying to be cavalier about this - I went to great lengths to handle attacks, I'm just saying its a cold reality that I simply cannot stop them all. Thus I accept them as part of the game.The platformThe original Mailinator used a relatively standardunix stack of applications including a Java based web application running in Tomcat. Mailinator is and was of course, always just a hobby. I had a day job (or 2) so months of development just was never an option. I chose Java for no other reason than I knew Java better than anything else. For email, it used sendmail with a special rule that directed any incoming email to mailinator.com to one single mailbox.Sendmail --> disk --> Mailinator <-- Tomcat Servlet EngineThe Java based mailinator app then grabbed the emails using IMAP and/or POP (it changed over time) and deleted them. I should have used an mbox interface but I never got around to implementing that. The system then loaded all emails into memory and let them sit there. Mailinator only allowed about 20000 emails to reside in memory at once. So when a new one came, the oldest one got pushed out.The FAQ advertises that emails stick around for "a couple of hours." And that was true, but exactly how long mattered on the rate of incoming emails. You'll also note an interesting side effect that since all emails lived in memory, if the server came down - all emails were lost! Talk about exploiting the fact that my service was free huh? This may seem dubious but the code was really quite stable and ran for weeks and months without downtime.I thought about saving emails into a database of course but honestly, all this bought me was emails that stuck around longer. And, that in and of itself sort of went against my intent for mailinator. The ideas was, sign-up for something, goto Mailinator, click the link, and forget about it. If you want amailbox where emails last a few days, thats fine, but there are many other alternatives out there - that's not what Mailinator is about. I forgot the database idea and now shoot for mails that last somewhere around 3-4 hours.This all worked fabulously for awhile. It pretty much filled up all 1G of ram of the server. Finally when the incoming email rate started surpassing 800,000 a day, the system started to break down. I believe it was primarily the disk contention between unix mail apps and the Java app locking mailboxes. Regardless, there were many issues with that system that bugged me for a long time. The root of most of those problems really boiled down to one thing - the disk. The disk activity of sendmail, procmail, logging and whatever else was a silly bottleneck. And it needed to go.More than a year ago now I did a full rewrite. Much of the anti-spam code that I'll describe later was already in this code-base but was improved and extended for the new system.Synchronous vs. Asynchronous I/OI've read a fair number of articles on the wonders of asynchronous I/O (java's NIO library). I don't doubt them but I decided against using it. Primarily, again, because I did a great deal of work in multithreaded environments and knew that area well. I figured if I had performance issues later, I could always switch over to NIO as a learning experience.The biggest thing I knew I needed to do with Mailinator was to remove the unix application components. Mailinator needed to stop outsourcing its email receipt and do it itself. This basically meant I needed to write my own SMTP server. Or at least, a subset of one. Firstly, Mailinator has never had the ability to send email so I didn't need to code that part up. Second, I had really different needs for receiving email. I wanted to get it as fast as possible -or- refuse it as fast as possible.SMTP has a rich dialog for errors but I chose to only support one error message. And that error is, appropriately enough - "User Unknown". That's a touch ironic since Mailinator accepts any user at all. Simply said, if you do anything that the Mailinator server doesn't like - you'll get a user unknown error. Even if you haven't sent it the username yet.I looked at Apache James as a base which is a pure java SMTP server but it was way too comprehensive for my needs. I really just found some code examples and the SMTP specs and wrote things basically from scratch. From there, I was able to get an email, parse it, and put it right into memory. This bypassed the old system's step of writing it to disk all the way. From wire to user, mailinator mail never touches the disk. In fact, the Mailinator server'sdisk is pretty darn idle all things considered.Now to address persistence concerns right away - Mailinator doesn't run diskless, but it does run very asynchronously with regards to the disk. Emails are not written to disk EVER unless the system is coming down and is instructed to write them first (so it can reload them upon reboot). This little fact has been very handy when I've been subpoenaed. I simply do not have access to any emails that were sent to Mailinator in the past. If it is possible that I can get an email - so can you just by checking that inbox. If you can't get it then that means its long deleted from memory and nothing is going to get it back.Mailinator also used to do logging (again, shut-off because of pesky subpoenas). But it did it very "batchy". It wrote several thousand logs lines to memory before doing one disk write. In effect we never want to have contention based on the incredibly slow disk.Now if this all sounds a bit shaky, as in we might just lose an email now and then - you're right. But remember, our goal is 99.99% accuracy. Not 100%. That's an important distinction. The latest incarnation of Mailinator literally runs for months unattended. We do lose emails once in awhile - but its rare and usually involves a server crash. We accept the loss and by far most users never encounter it.EmailsThe system now is one unit. The web application, the email server, and all email storage run in one JVM.The system uses under 300 threads. I can increase that number but haven't seen a need as of yet. When an email arrives (or attempts to arrive) it must pass a strong set of filters that are described below. If it gets past those filters it is then stored in memory - however, it is first compressed to save in-memory space. Over 99% of emails that arrive are never looked at, so we only ever decompress an email if someone actually "looks" at them.Because of this, I am able to store many more emails than the original system's 20000. The current mailinator stores about 80000 emails and uses under 300M or ram. I probably should increase this number as plenty of ram is just sitting around. The average email lifespan is about 3-4 hours with this pool. The amount of incoming email has gone way up, so even by increasing this pool, we're largely staying steady as far as email lifespan. I could probably kick that up to 200,000 or so and increase the lifespan accordingly but I haven't seen a great need yet.Another inherent limit that the system imposes is on mailboxes themselves. Popular mailboxes such as [email protected] and [email protected] get much more email than average. Every inbox is limited to only 10 emails. Thus, popular boxes inherently limit themselves on the amount of email they can occupy in the pool. Use of popular inboxes is discouraged anyway and generally become the creme de la cesspool of spam.Two morememory conserving issues is that no incoming email can be over 100k and all attachments are immediately discarded. That latter feature was in years ago but obviously really ruins this whole new wave of image spam (if you see a few seemingly "empty" emails in some popular boxes, they might have been image spam that got their images thrown away).Spam and SurvivalI'd like to emphasize here that Mailinator's mission is NOT to filter spam. If you want penis enlargement or sheep-of-the-month club emails, that's pretty much what Mailinator is good for. We are clear in the FAQ. Mailinator provides pretty good anonymity - but we do NOT guarantee it. We also do NOT guarantee ANY privacy. Its really easier that way for us. Still, it does a pretty damn good job even so. We might log you (used to and it might get turned on again someday, never know) and we DO respond to subpoenas (that whole "jail" thing is a strong motivator).So, in essence I have no real interest in filtering out spam. I do however, have a great deal of interest in keeping Mailinator alive. And spammers have this nasty habit of sending Mailinator so much crap that this can be an issue. So - Mailinator has a simple rule. If you do anything (spammer or not) that starts affecting the system - your emails will be refused and you may be locked out.In the new system I created a data structure I call an AgingHashmap. It is, as it indicates a hashmap (String->int) that has elements that "age".The first type of spammer I encountered was one machine blasting me with thousands of emails. So, now, every time an email arrives, its senders IP is put into an AgingHashmap with a counter of 1. If that IP does not send us anymore email for (let's say) a minute, then that entry automatically leaves the AgingHashmap. But, let's say that IP address sends us another email 2 seconds later. We then find the first entry in the AgingHashmap and increase that counter to 2. If we see another email from that IP, it goes to 3 and so on. Eventually, when that counter reaches some threshold we ban all emails from that IP for some amount of time.We can put this in words as so (values are examples):If any IP address sends us 20 emails in 2 minutes, we will ban all email from that IP address for 5 minutes. Or more precisely, we will ban all email from that IP until it stops trying to send to us for at least 5 minutes.This is really what the AgingHashmap is good for. We can setup some parameters and detect frequency of some input, then cause a ban on that input. If some IP address sends us email every second for 100 days straight, we'll ban (or throw away) every last email after the first 20.Here's a graph of an average 24 hours of banned IP address emails. Notice at 10am and 11am some joker (i.e., some single IP address) sent us over 19000 emails per hour.I do have some code that has Java talk back to unix's iptables system to do very hard blocking of IP addresses but its not on right now. Partially because there's no need (yet) and partially because I like to see the stats.The funny part of this is the error Mailinator gives. Remember the "User Unknown"? Once an IP address is banned and then it tries to open a new connection it will send the SMTP greeting of "HELO". Mailinator will then reply "User Unknown" and close the connection. Of course, it didn't even get the username yet.ZombiesThe next problem came from zombienetworks. Now we were getting spam from thousands of different IPs all sending the same message. We could no longer key in on IP address. As a layer of defense past IP we created an AgingHashmap based on subjects. That is, if we get (again, example numbers) something like 20 emails with the same subject within 2 minutes, all emails with that subject are then banned for 1 hour.Here's a similar graph. Keep in mind these emails got past the IP filter - so basically they are "same subject" emails from many disparate sources.You could argue we should ban them forever, but then we'd have to keep track of them and the Mailinator system is inherently transient. Forgetting is core to what it does. This blocking is more expensive than IPs as comparing subjects can be costly. And of course, we have to have enough of a conversation with the sending server to actually get the subject.Pottymouth!Finally, we ran into some issues on emails that just weren't cool. As I said, I'm far more interested in keeping Mailinator alive than blocking out your favorite porn newsletter. But, some unhappy people used Mailinator for some really not happy purposes. Simply put, as a last layer, subjects are searched for words that indicate hate or crimes or just downright nastiness.BoingAnother major influx that happened early on was a plethora of bounce messages. Now thats sort of odd isn't it? I mean Mailinator doesn't send email. In fact, it CAN'T send email so how could it get bounce messages? Well, some spammy type folks thought it'd be neat to send out spam from their servers using forged Mailinator addresses as a return address. Thus when those emails bounced, the bounce came here.What's worse, is I still get email from people who think Mailinator sent themspam. Its very frustrating to defend myself against people who are ignorant of how email works ready to crucify me for sending them spam (especially ironic is that I run a free, anti-spam website). As I've said in my FAQ - please feel free to add mailinator.com to the tippy tippy tippy top of your spam blacklists. If you EVER get an email from mailinator.com, its a forged spam.The good news is that bounces are very easy to detect, and are really the first line of our defense. Bouncing SMTP servers aren't particularly evil, they're just doing their job so when I say "user unknown" they believe me and go away.On an abstract level, here is what happens to an email as it enters the system.(and to be fair, there might just be another layer or two thats not on that diagram!)Anti-Spam revoltThere are 2 more, somewhat conflicting features of the Mailinator server that should be noted. For one, its a clear fact that when we're busy, we're busy. An easy DoS against us would be to open a socket to our server and leave it open. This is an inherent vulnerability in any server (maybe especially multithreaded servers). So, as a basic idea Mailinator closes all connections if they are silent for more than a second or two. Actually, the amount of time is variable (read below). Clearly, we are DoS'able by sending us many many connections, but this blocks at least one trivial way of bringing us down.Secondly, although we demand servers talking to us are very speedy. We reserve the right to be very NOT speedy. Here's the logic. When Mailinator is not terribly busy, we still demand responses quickly, but we give responses slowly. In fact, the less busy we are, the slower we give responses. It is possible that sending an email into the Mailinator SMTP server could take a very long time (like 10 or 20 or 30 seconds) even for a very small amount of data.Why? Well.. think about it. Let's say you're spamming. You want to send out a zillion emails as fast as possible. You want every receiving SMTP server to get your email, deliver it to the poor sod who wants (or doesn't want) weener enlargement and then close the connection so you can go on to the next. If you encounter some darn SMTP server that takes 20 seconds to receive your email, the speed at which you can send out your emails diminishes. You might just even think about avoiding such SMTP servers.It might be a pipe dream to think this is slowing down any spammers, but this does tend to keep my quieter times lasting longer. And it doesn't really hurt me - or my users. And if we eventually get terribly busy, those delays are scaled down to make sure we don't lose any emails.Sites will ban itEvery time I read some comment about Mailinator, someone always points out something like "Yeah, well sites will start banning any email from Mailinator and then it will be worthless". Guys. Its been 3 years. A handful of sites have indeed blocked email from Mailinator, but my user base and the number of read emails has only gone up. Clearly, people are finding Mailinator more useful than ever.I have added at times additional domains (like sogetthis.com and fakeinformation.com) that point to mailinator. Often if a site bans mailinator.com proper, you can use one of those to same effect.OverallMany copycat sites have appeared over the years which is pretty reasonable. This idea itself is obvious. The only real hurdle was that it seemed impossible to do given the amount of useless email you'd get. But the copycats had the advantage of seeing that Mailinator actually does work, so they knew what to shoot for. Only a few post their daily email numbers but I've yet to see any that come close to mailinator's incoming email (not that this is necessarily a good thing). I also see that many are using an architecture similar to Mailinator's original which is just fine so long as they either don't get any massive increases in email or are happy to keep buying bigger hardware.Overall, Mailinator has been a great experience. It was a terribly fun exercise in optimization, security, and generally making things work. Thousands of people use it everyday and its amazing how many people know about it when it comes up in conversation. I've thought many times about how to make a business around it, and there is always an angle, but I've just been to busy with other things.My hope is that its useful for you and that you tell your friends. Note: Eternal thanks to Jack Lawrence of Syracuse, NY who, in a drunken stupor gave me the core idea (story here), Nicci Gabriel of www.sideofsauce.com for the seriously cool web design, and to Brian Pipa of www.candyaddict.com who, as a big fan of Mailinator, added the very cool "Spam Map" and the RSS feeds.
| 2024-11-08T08:42:29 | en | train |
7,861 | zaidf | 2007-03-31T19:14:32 | April Fools? TechCrunch acquires FuckedCompany - what's next? | null | http://www.techcrunch.com/2007/03/31/techcrunch-has-acquired-fuckedcompanycom/ | 7 | 7 | [
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7,867 | vlad | 2007-03-31T19:33:33 | Most Scientific research papers are probably wrong | null | http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn7915&feedId=online-news_rss20 | 3 | 4 | [
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7,872 | amichail | 2007-03-31T19:50:56 | Port this to the web and you will have the most advanced online word processor by far | null | 1 | 2 | [
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|
7,874 | louisadekoya | 2007-03-31T19:52:45 | Good Entrepreneurs Always Accept NO For An Answer | null | http://www.ideatagging.com/good-entrepreneurs-always-accept-no-for-an-answer/ | 1 | 1 | [
7876
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7,887 | mattculbreth | 2007-03-31T20:37:10 | Tim O'Reilly with a call for a Blogger's Code of Conduct | null | http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2007/03/call_for_a_blog_1.html | 3 | 1 | [
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7,897 | Bronen | 2007-03-31T21:09:06 | In order for any product be successful, the founder must really passionate about the idea and responsive to constructive criticism. | null | http://pulse2.com/2007/03/05/the-new-ui-of-quintura-and-upcoming-services/ | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
7,902 | jcwentz | 2007-03-31T21:52:27 | Windows Vista restricts GNU GCC apps to 32 MB | null | http://www.trnicely.net/misc/vista.html | 5 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
7,903 | domp | 2007-03-31T21:58:11 | TapeFailure - Watch your users use your site | null | http://www.centernetworks.com/video-review-of-tapefailure-watch-your-users-use-your-site | 15 | 7 | [
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7,910 | python_kiss | 2007-03-31T22:58:49 | Reddit To Start Showing Ads | null | http://blog.reddit.com/2007/03/brace-yourself-ads-are-coming.html | 4 | 0 | null | null | null | missing_parsing | Reddit Inc Blog Homepage | null | null | Copyright 2024 Reddit, Inc. All rights reserved. | 2024-11-08T21:34:24 | null | train |
7,913 | msgbeepa | 2007-03-31T23:12:58 | Special - The Best 100 April Fool's Day Jokes Of All Time | null | http://www.avinio.blogspot.com/2007/03/special-best-100-april-fools-day-jokes.html | 1 | -1 | null | null | true | http_404 | You're about to be redirected | null | null |
The blog that used to be here is now at http://media-sight.net/2007/03/special-best-100-april-fools-day-jokes.html.
Do you wish to be redirected?
This blog is not hosted by Blogger and has not been checked for spam, viruses and other forms of malware.
Yes
No | 2024-11-08T14:13:52 | null | train |
7,916 | danw | 2007-03-31T23:35:56 | Theory of Fun | null | http://www.scribd.com/slurp?url=http://www.theoryoffun.com/theoryoffun.pdf | 7 | 9 | [
7919,
7923,
7968,
7924
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
7,922 | domp | 2007-04-01T01:24:46 | Xcerion: A YouOS Competitor startup | null | http://gigaom.com/2007/03/31/xcerion/ | 5 | 4 | [
7925,
7979,
7928
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
7,929 | domp | 2007-04-01T02:15:03 | Workspace: Web-based access to FTP | null | http://mashable.com/2007/03/31/workspace/ | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
7,934 | domp | 2007-04-01T03:12:25 | Jajah buys Vonage | null | http://redcouch.typepad.com/weblog/2007/03/jajah_buys_vona.html | 2 | 3 | [
7938,
8033
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
7,935 | mattculbreth | 2007-04-01T03:14:17 | Anybody using Amazon Web Services (S3, EC2) in their startup? | null | http://www.amazon.com/Why-Use-AWS%3F-home-page/b/ref=sc_fe_l_1/103-1678423-5846208?ie=UTF8&node=15763371&no=3435361&me=A36L942TSJ2AJA | 14 | 20 | [
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7996
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
7,943 | omarish | 2007-04-01T04:57:20 | Being the Ben Folds of your Niche | null | http://yeahsystems.com/blog/?p=6 | 8 | 2 | [
7963,
7947
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
7,946 | pg | 2007-04-01T05:16:18 | Apple collaborating with Amazon, Google, and Cingular on new iReader? | null | http://scobleizer.com/2007/03/31/apple-collaborating-with-amazon-google-and-cingular-on-new-ireader/ | 2 | 1 | [
7964
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
7,950 | zaidf | 2007-04-01T05:39:17 | How many teams does YComb invite to Mountain View? | null | 14 | 7 | [
7953
] | null | null | invalid_url | null | null | null | null | 2024-11-08T16:37:59 | null | train |
|
7,954 | sf2007 | 2007-04-01T06:19:11 | Introducing Gmail Paper | null | http://www.gmail.com | 8 | 7 | [
7961,
7980,
7965,
8177
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
7,955 | binarybana | 2007-04-01T06:39:13 | Google ?= Exxon | null | 2 | 5 | [
7956
] | null | null | invalid_url | null | null | null | null | 2024-11-08T16:37:59 | null | train |
|
7,973 | danw | 2007-04-01T10:40:35 | reddit now doubleplusgood | null | http://blog.reddit.com/2007/04/reddit-now-doubleplusgood.html | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
7,974 | juwo | 2007-04-01T10:52:19 | Google's April Fools' Day joke | null | http://www.google.com/tisp/install.html | 3 | 2 | [
8232,
7997
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
7,975 | bootload | 2007-04-01T10:54:33 | Why was Rails only possible with Ruby? | null | http://www.oreillynet.com/ruby/blog/2007/03/why_was_rails_only_possible_wi.html | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
7,977 | danw | 2007-04-01T11:01:36 | The Other Road Ahead | null | http://www.paulgraham.com/road.html | 2 | 1 | [
12741
] | null | null | body_too_long | null | null | null | null | 2024-11-08T02:11:36 | null | train |
7,990 | daliso | 2007-04-01T13:54:44 | Web page readability: Green text on yellow works the best | null | http://hubel.sfasu.edu/research/AHNCUR.html | 3 | 3 | [
8076,
8040,
8096
] | null | null | fetch failed | null | null | null | null | 2024-11-08T11:05:25 | null | train |
7,991 | usablecontent | 2007-04-01T14:07:26 | Workspace Launches Web based FTP Access | null | http://startupmeme.com/2007/04/01/workspace-launches-web-based-ftp-access/ | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
7,993 | nate | 2007-04-01T14:32:12 | Inkling guys re-writing their app in Lisp, job posting for an Arc developer | null | http://code.inklingmarkets.com/journal/2007/4/1/inklings-hiring.html | 14 | 12 | [
8019,
7998,
8028,
7995
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,005 | usablecontent | 2007-04-01T15:26:40 | Startup Meme: Tahiti is Microsoft's Answer to Desktop Collaboration | null | http://startupmeme.com/2007/04/01/tahiti-is-microsoft%c2%b4s-answer-to-desktop-collaboration/ | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,008 | sf2007 | 2007-04-01T16:26:26 | What's Caterina Fake doing in Yahoo! | null | 5 | 8 | [
8009,
8035
] | null | null | invalid_url | null | null | null | null | 2024-11-08T16:37:59 | null | train |
|
8,010 | sf2007 | 2007-04-01T16:29:19 | Web Application Framework - PHP vs Java? | null | 1 | 6 | [
8094,
8012,
8024,
8100
] | null | null | invalid_url | null | null | null | null | 2024-11-08T16:37:59 | null | train |
|
8,013 | sf2007 | 2007-04-01T16:38:34 | Test - my posts are not showing up.. | null | 1 | 0 | [
8014
] | null | true | invalid_url | null | null | null | null | 2024-11-08T16:37:59 | null | train |
|
8,018 | domp | 2007-04-01T16:52:29 | Clipperz: New password storage application | null | http://www.centernetworks.com/review-of-clipperz-com-password-storage-app | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,020 | sharpshoot | 2007-04-01T17:00:52 | What is viral marketing? (original article by Steve Jurvetson) | null | http://www.dfj.com/cgi-bin/artman/publish/steve_may00.shtml | 1 | 3 | [
8183,
8150,
8027
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,021 | sharpshoot | 2007-04-01T17:04:51 | How do you market your startup? (VentureVoice Startup Workshop) | null | http://ripple.radiotail.com/54/venturevoice44-venture_voice_startup_workshop-part2.mp3 | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,026 | Sam_Odio | 2007-04-01T17:23:32 | TISP - The wireless, broadband, nanobot supported ISP of the future. Today. Through your toilet. | null | http://www.google.com/tisp/ | 3 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,043 | ewheeler | 2007-04-01T19:23:33 | Will grant $ from a non-profit foundation preclude profitability? | null | 3 | 2 | [
8044,
8181
] | null | null | invalid_url | null | null | null | null | 2024-11-08T16:37:59 | null | train |
|
8,047 | mattculbreth | 2007-04-01T19:52:09 | Salesforce.com Apex--Similar in concept to AWS | null | http://www.salesforce.com/developer/ | 1 | 1 | [
8054
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,048 | domp | 2007-04-01T20:00:58 | Reaching critical mass is becoming harder. What are some innovative ways to expand your user base? | null | http://www.socialdegree.com/2007/03/30/gaining-critical-mass-is-increasing-in-difficulty/ | 1 | 1 | [
8117
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,049 | amichail | 2007-04-01T20:08:31 | startup matchmaker: build a service to recommend and facilitate startup mergers to make it more likely they would succeed | null | 1 | 2 | [
8051,
8050
] | null | null | invalid_url | null | null | null | null | 2024-11-08T16:37:59 | null | train |
|
8,057 | Tichy | 2007-04-01T21:18:18 | Issues in Structuring Relationships Among Members of the Founder Team | null | http://web.mit.edu/e-club/hadzima/founders-memo.html | 11 | 6 | [
8115,
8091,
8085,
8235
] | null | null | no_error | Founders Memo | null | null |
Considerations for Founders:
Issues in Structuring Relationships Among Members of the Founder TeamBy: Joseph
G. Hadzima, Jr.
Senior
Lecturer M.I.T. Sloan School of Management
(Click
Here for a PDF Version of This Article)
There
are so many things which Founders have to worry about and do in launching a new
venture- financing, people, customers etc.
All of these are important but the reality is that most ventures fail
because of people issues and are really a failure of the relationships among the
team members. Teams come together around an interesting or exciting idea or
opportunity and tend to get swept up in the idea. They often don�t talk about
their shared aspirations, vision and what they want to get out of the venture.
The venture gets launched without these discussions and then problems surface
�Big Time� down the road when these undiscussed topics collide.
These
problems can be surfaced and dealt with early on if Founders work at it.
This can be done by addressing some of the practical issues which should
be considered in structuring the relationships among the Founders. This rest of this memorandum outlines some of the legal and
business issues which the Founders of a new venture may want to consider in
structuring their relationships among one another. It is not intended to cover all of the potential issues;
rather it is meant to stimulate thought and discussion. Versions of this memo have been used by the founders of the
over 120 startup companies I have had the privilege of being directly involved
in over the years. I have incorporated feedback from these entrepreneurs into
the current version of this memo. If
you find the thoughts here to be helpful or have additional ideas, please email
me so we can share this collective knowledge with those entrepreneurs who come
after you. On that theme, please
remember to contribute to the development of entrepreneurship in some way �
please �give back� some of the knowledge and experience you gain from your
entrepreneurial ventures with others.
*
* * * * *
Of
primary concern to members of the founder team is the question of how the equity
in the new venture is to be allocated, both initially and over time.
Ownership of stock carries with it two attributes: economic participation
in the venture and the right to have a say in decision making.
These attributes can be structured in a variety of ways, including
preferred economic returns and limited or expansive voting rights.
To determine how to allocate these attributes the following are among the
questions to be considered:
Initial
Ownership/Contributions. In the typical
situation each member of the founder team is bringing a unique skill or property
to the party for which he or she is to receive a portion of the equity of the
venture. It is important to understand that unless the participants specifically
agree otherwise, once stock is issued to a person it is owned free and clear by
that person. For example assume
that Bill, Sam and Mary are the founders and their understanding is that Bill
will invest $20,000, Sam will work on marketing and financing and Mary will
develop the product. They agree that each will receive 1/3 of the stock.
In this situation, Bill has done everything he promised once he pays his
$20,000. The founders should consider what happens if Sam or Mary
don't do what they promised.
A
method of handling this is to "vest" the stock of the founders.
Vesting can take many forms. For
example, the founders might agree to a calendar vesting schedule (e.g., straight
line vesting over 5 years) so that if a founder leaves the company after one
year of employment or involvement then he or she would be entitled to keep only
20% of his or her stock. Calendar
vesting is usually a surrogate for the tasks each founder is to undertake. For example, it might be assumed that Mary will complete the
product within a year or alternatively if she doesn't it may not matter because
an opportunity window might have passed. An
alternative to calendar vesting is "milestone vesting" which vests
stock on the basis of achieving identifiable milestones such as "first beta
ship" or "prototype" completion.
One obvious problem here is whether the milestones can be identified
clearly or even if they can what happens if the business plan changes.
There
are several important tax issues which must be considered if vesting is
selected. These issues will not be discussed in this memorandum because they are
somewhat involved. However, it is extremely important to address the
equity and tax issues early on because there can be large personally adverse
economic consequences- seek advice from an experienced startup lawyer.
Scope
of Economic Participation. A related
question is whether a person whose stock has vested should be entitled to
participate in the economic success of the venture after he or she leaves the
company. The philosophical issue is
whether the person is to be rewarded only for the increase in the value of the
venture until the time he leaves. If
so then either the company or the other founders or both should have the right
to repurchase the departing founder's stock at some price, perhaps the
"fair market value" or an agreed value or an appraised value.
Another reason for having a repurchase right is to prevent dilution in
ownership which would occur if the company has to issue stock to someone new who
is taking over the departing founder's tasks.
On the other hand if the deal is that once the stock vests a departing
founder is entitled to participate in the future increases in the value of the
venture then there would not be a need for such a repurchase right.
Transfers
of Stock. Except for certain federal and state securities law restrictions,
once the stock has been issued it can be transferred by any founder or other
stockholder. It may be in the best
interest of the company and the stockholders to restrict the ability of a
stockholder to transfer stock. For example, without such restrictions a founder
could transfer his or her stock to a competitor. Restrictions can take the form of a "right of first
refusal" under which the company and/or the other stockholders have a right
to match the price which a third party offers. This right could be triggered by a specific third party offer
or a general statement by a stockholder that he wants to sell at $x and giving
the company and/or the other stockholders the right to purchase at $x.
Alternatively the founders could agree on a formula price for repurchases or
that on a periodic basis the Board of Directors would set the price at which all
transactions in the company's stock would occur.
Take-along Rights.
Although it is more commonly imposed by venture capital investors,
founders sometimes agree among themselves that if any one of them finds a
purchaser his or her stock then all will be able to participate in the sale by
selling off a portion of their stock ownership ("take-along rights").
Sometimes this is combined with a right of first refusal to provide the
stockholders with the opportunity to purchase the stock of a stockholder if they
think the price he proposes to sell at is favorably low or to sell their shares
if they think the third party price is high.
Death/Disability.
Founders should consider what happens if one of the founders dies or becomes
disabled. In the case of death the
stock owned by the deceased stockholder will end up with his or her heirs. Since
the other founders may not want the deceased stockholder's spouse, son or
daughter on the Board of Directors, the company and/or the other stockholders
often are given the right to purchase the stock owned by the deceased
stockholder. This repurchase right
is often funded by the proceeds of a "key man" life insurance policy.[1]
The founders should also consider
whether they want to give the deceased stockholder's executor the right to force
the company to buy back the stock. This
might be necessary where the estate of the deceased stockholder lacks the
liquidity needed to pay estate taxes, etc. This put right could also be funded by insurance.
An alternative is to have each stockholder purchase his own insurance to
provide estate liquidity. The optimal arrangement depends on a number of factors
including tax law considerations, which of course have a tendency to
change.
Permitted Transferees.
With any stock transfer restriction it is appropriate to ask if all transfers
will be subject to the restriction. For example, does a gift of stock to a child
trigger the various rights? What about a transfer from one stockholder to an existing
stockholder? Even if the founders
decide that such transfers do not invoke the restrictions, it is usual practice
to have the transferee agree to be bound by the restrictions on subsequent
transfers.
Preemptive Rights. Preemptive rights provide that the
company cannot issue any additional stock without giving the existing
stockholders the right to purchase the stock.
In this way the founders can avoid a dilution in the percentage ownership
of the company as a result of new stock issuances. Preemptive rights can be a
valuable item to offer outside investors because it gives them a chance to
increase their investment.
Duration
of Restrictions. The duration of
restrictions should be considered. Do they apply indefinitely?
Until a public offering? For
x years? It should be kept in
mind that if outside financing is anticipated the new investors will have their
own ideas about restrictions.
Control.
With stock ownership usually comes the right to vote for a Board of
Directors. Even with nonvoting
stock there are certain fundamental corporate transactions which require
approval of a certain percentage of each class of security.
Often the founders agree to vote their stock in a manner that each has a
seat on the Board of Directors. It
is not uncommon for the founders to agree that "Major Events" will not
happen unless there is agreement of all or a majority of the founders.
In addition to such events as a merger or sale of assets of the venture,
Major Events could include such items as incurring more than $x of debt,
entering into major license agreements or distribution agreements for the
company's products, issuing additional equity or options etc.
Proprietary
Information.
In most situations the founders will want to provide that any inventions
or discoveries made in the course of the venture will belong to the venture.
Where a founder is bringing certain technology to the venture he or she
may want to have a clear understanding as to what rights the venture has in the
technology. For example, who owns
what if the venture fails? Can some
but not all of the founders start a new venture?
Is the venture limited to exploiting a technology in a particular niche?
Of course later investors as a condition to their investment may require
that all rights to a technology be transferred to the venture.
Employment.
Is the continued employment of one or more founders considered important
either to the founders being employed or to the other investors?
Under what conditions can a founder be terminated and what consequences
does this have to his or her stock ownership.
What if major differences arise about the direction of the venture such
that the services of a founder are no longer needed?
Copyright
1994-2005, Joseph G. Hadzima Jr., All Rights Reserved.
[1]
. In addition the company may want to have a life insurance policy
which will provide the company with operating funds while a replacement for
the deceased stockholder/officer is found.
| 2024-11-08T00:12:00 | en | train |
8,060 | dawie | 2007-04-01T22:01:26 | I want to charge for my service. Should I take the time to integrate with Authorize .NET or should I just use RightCart? | null | 1 | 11 | [
8066,
8077,
8062
] | null | null | invalid_url | null | null | null | null | 2024-11-08T16:37:59 | null | train |
|
8,079 | Tichy | 2007-04-02T00:08:50 | So, is anybody applying to YC with a plan for a business in Second Life? | null | 1 | 1 | [
8125
] | null | null | invalid_url | null | null | null | null | 2024-11-08T16:37:59 | null | train |
|
8,080 | amichail | 2007-04-02T00:11:01 | Glimpse Inside a Metaverse: The Virtual World of Second Life | null | http://video.google.ca/videoplay?docid=-5182759758975402950 | 1 | 1 | [
8081
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,083 | amichail | 2007-04-02T00:39:33 | The costs of annoying advertising | null | http://glinden.blogspot.com/2007/04/costs-of-annoying-advertising.html | 3 | 3 | [
8114,
8147
] | null | null | no_error | The costs of annoying advertising | null | null |
A study in CACM, "The effects of online advertising", has data on what many have argued for some time, that pop-up and pop-under ads annoy and repel users:Pop-ups were [rated] 24% more intrusive than in-line ads and pop-unders were 33.1% more intrusive than in-line ads.Subjects who were not exposed to ads reported they were 11% more likely to return or recommend the site to others than those who were exposed to ads.Subjects exposed to in-line ads remembered 3.4% more of the material in the site than those exposed to pop-ups.Designers should realize the magnitude of ill effects caused by advertising ... Reducing the likelihood of a person's return by 11% might be a cost that is too great for a site host to bear.I wonder if websites that continue to annoy with pop-ups and pop-unders are only measuring short-term gains (e.g. clicks on the pop-up ad) and not long-term costs (e.g. loss in retention, higher abandon rate, lower return rate).
| 2024-11-08T17:18:06 | en | train |
8,088 | chandrab | 2007-04-02T01:15:40 | Performance Tuning MySQL Server Environments | null | http://www.mysqlperformanceblog.com/2006/09/29/what-to-tune-in-mysql-server-after-installation/ | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | missing_parsing | Tips for MySQL 5.7 Database Tuning and Performance | 2020-04-01T16:30:51+00:00 | Brian Sumpter | While there is no magic bullet for MySQL 5.7 database tuning, there are a few areas that can be focused on upfront that can dramatically improve the performance of your MySQL installation. While much information has been published on this topic over the years, I wanted to break down some of the more critical settings that anyone can implement – with no guesswork required.Depending on the version of MySQL you are running, some of the default values used in this post may differ from your install, but the premise is still largely the same. We will focus on MySQL 5.7 for the purposes of this article.Initial MySQL performance tuning can be broken down to the following categories: Tuning for your hardware Tuning for best performance/best practices Tuning for your workloadMySQL 5.7 Database TuningTuning For Your HardwareDepending on the hardware you have installed MySQL on, some variables need to be set based on the machine (or VM) specifications. The following variables are largely dependent on your hardware:innodb_buffer_pool_size Generally, set to 50% – 70% of your total RAM as a starting point. It does not need to be set any larger than the total database size.innodb_log_file_size This is generally set between 128M – 2G. It does not need to be any larger than the buffer pool.innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit Setting to “1” (default in 5.7) gives the most durability. Setting to “0” or “2” will give more performance, but less durability.innodb_flush_method Setting this to O_DIRECT will avoid the performance penalty from double buffering.Tuning For Best Performance / Best Practicesinnodb_file_per_table Setting this to “ON” will generate an independent InnoDB table space for every table in the database.innodb_stats_on_metadata Setting this to “OFF” avoids unnecessary updating of InnoDB statistics and can greatly improve read speeds.innodb_buffer_pool_instances A best practice is to set this to “8” unless the buffer pool size is < 1G, in which case set to “1”.query_cache_type & query_cache_size Setting both of these to “0” will entirely disable the query cache.Tuning For Your WorkloadTo tune further, more information will be required. The best way to gather this information is to install a MySQL monitoring/graphing tool like Percona Monitoring and Management (PMM). Once you have a tool installed, we can dive into the individual metrics and start customizing based on the data.I would recommend starting with one of the most impactful variables – the innodb_buffer_pool_size. Compare the RAM and number of free pages on your instance to the total buffer pool size. Based on these metrics, you can determine if you need to increase or decrease your overall buffer pool size setting.Next, take a look at your metrics for the InnoDB Log File usage. The rule of thumb is that your log files should hold approximately one hour of data. If you see that the data written to the log files hourly exceeds the total size of the log files, you would want to increase the innodb_log_file_size variable and restart MySQL. You could also verify with “SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS;” via the MySQL CLI to assist in calculating a good InnoDB log file size.In SummaryWhile this is by no means a comprehensive article on MySQL 5.7 database tuning, the suggestions above should clear some of the low hanging fruit and get your system closer to an ideal setup. As with all database tuning, your process should be an ongoing one based on current information. Examine the settings proposed above, and implement if they make sense for your environment/workload. Install a good monitoring tool to give insight into the database (Percona Monitoring and Management is our suggestion). Stay current on your monitoring graphs to determine other areas where you may need to tune. | 2024-11-08T17:51:25 | null | train |
8,089 | chandrab | 2007-04-02T01:18:49 | How To Set Up A Load-Balanced MySQL Cluster | null | http://www.howtoforge.com/loadbalanced_mysql_cluster_debian | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,090 | chandrab | 2007-04-02T01:22:19 | Ruby Engines Performance Benchmarks (Yarv,Jruby & others) | null | http://antoniocangiano.com/articles/2007/02/19/ruby-implementations-shootout-ruby-vs-yarv-vs-jruby-vs-gardens-point-ruby-net-vs-rubinius-vs-cardinal | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,099 | tw1sted | 2007-04-02T02:11:04 | YC Deadline: Does the "midnight" mean between April 1st and 2nd...or 2nd and 3rd? | null | null | 5 | 14 | [
8167,
8103,
8227,
8113,
8345,
8169,
8121
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,108 | nostrademons | 2007-04-02T02:58:49 | Why You Have to Work for a Startup | null | http://evang.eli.st/blog/2007/4/1/why-you-have-to-work-for-a-startup | 6 | 1 | [
8172
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,110 | whacked_new | 2007-04-02T03:06:25 | The case for a relative popularity meter | null | 2 | 1 | [
8111
] | null | null | invalid_url | null | null | null | null | 2024-11-08T16:37:59 | null | train |
|
8,119 | sf2007 | 2007-04-02T03:36:36 | Students give up social networks for Lent - CNN.com | null | http://www.cnn.com/2007/TECH/internet/03/29/no.facebook.lent/index.html | 1 | 2 | [
8159,
8144
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,120 | Alex3917 | 2007-04-02T03:42:23 | Magic Ink: "Pretty much the best software design paper ever written." | null | http://worrydream.com/MagicInk/ | 21 | 1 | [
10757
] | null | null | body_too_long | null | null | null | null | 2024-11-08T02:31:25 | null | train |
8,123 | colmworth | 2007-04-02T03:46:40 | How did you answer the final application question?! | null | 9 | 26 | [
8245,
8190,
8137,
8139,
8417,
8226,
8170,
8171,
8209,
8149,
8132,
8471
] | null | null | invalid_url | null | null | null | null | 2024-11-08T16:37:59 | null | train |
|
8,127 | mgandhi | 2007-04-02T04:31:10 | How to handle the first VC meeting | null | http://dondodge.typepad.com/the_next_big_thing/2005/12/how_to_handle_t.html | 2 | 1 | [
8174
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,129 | domp | 2007-04-02T04:36:06 | Get a Tapefailure beta invite | null | http://www.centernetworks.com/we-have-tapefailure-invites-to-the-private-beta | 2 | 2 | [
8131,
8196
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,130 | domp | 2007-04-02T04:38:13 | Changes over at Topix | null | http://www.techcrunch.com/2007/04/01/5497/ | 2 | 1 | [
8153
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,134 | phil | 2007-04-02T05:21:12 | Magic Ink (oops, dupe) | null | http://news.ycombinator.com/comments?id=8120 | 1 | -1 | null | null | true | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,145 | blakeross | 2007-04-02T06:20:01 | Summer jobs at Parakey | null | http://parakey.com/jobs/summer.html | 21 | 21 | [
8395,
8224,
8228,
8175,
8204,
8254,
8158
] | null | null | http_404 | 404The page or file requested is not available | null | null |
For assistance contact our Customer Support Department
866-645-7700 or 866-425-9076
Customer Support Hours
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| 2024-11-08T00:47:07 | null | train |
8,151 | kul | 2007-04-02T07:25:59 | Facebook open-sourcing Thrift, their software framework | null | http://blog.facebook.com/blog.php?post=2261927130 | 14 | 7 | [
8168,
8257,
8187,
8165
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,157 | brett | 2007-04-02T08:33:12 | Ask the Wizard: Venture Terms - Liquidation Preferences and Participation | null | http://www.burningdoor.com/askthewizard/2007/04/venture_terms_liquidation_pref.html | 3 | 3 | [
8217,
8162,
8161
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,160 | danielha | 2007-04-02T08:54:20 | Sonopia: create your own mobile carrier | null | http://venturebeat.com/2007/04/01/with-sonopia-you-too-can-be-a-telecom-mogul/ | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,164 | jamiequint | 2007-04-02T09:08:30 | Facebook Thrift - scalable cross-language services development framework | null | http://developers.facebook.com/thrift/ | 4 | 1 | [
8229
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,166 | brett | 2007-04-02T09:23:22 | Rails 1.2-stable vs. 1.1-stable Performance Report - the new one's slower | null | http://railsexpress.de/blog/files/reports/rails1.1-stable_vs_rails1.2-stable/report.html | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | no_error | Rails 1.2-stable Performance Report | null | null |
Short Summary for the Impatient
Rails 1.2-stable is somewhat slower than Rails 1.1-stable,
especially on action cached pages. But the slowdown is nowhere near
the numbers which have been reported by
others. In
fact, two recent patches to speed up session creation and pstore
session retrieval, have resulted in improved performance for one of
the benchmarked actions.
The following performance data table shows the speed difference for
the fastest availabe configuration for the tested application.
page
c1 totalc2 total
c1 r/sc2 r/s
c1 ms/rc2 ms/r
c1/c2
empty
11.4403410.91962
437.0457.9
2.292.18
1.05
welcome
13.0464814.29709
383.2349.7
2.612.86
0.91
recipes
10.8361713.51635
461.4369.9
2.172.70
0.80
my_recipes
10.8013713.48035
462.9370.9
2.162.70
0.80
show
24.1672227.37878
206.9182.6
4.835.48
0.88
cat
26.5603829.88683
188.3167.3
5.315.98
0.89
cat_page5
27.2495430.78081
183.5162.4
5.456.16
0.89
letter
26.9906730.17507
185.2165.7
5.406.04
0.89
all requests
151.09216170.43488
264.7234.7
3.784.26
0.89
GC statistics
c1 totalc2 total
c1 #gcc2 #gc
c1 gc%c2 #gc%
c1/c2
10.4279012.90426
120.0135.0
6.907.57
0.81
Railsbench generated diagrams (for people who don't like tables ;-)
Environment
Each benchmarked action was run 5000 times
using railsbench on an
Athlon64 3000+ with 2G of memory using the latest Fedora Core 6, ruby
1.8.4 and Mysql 4.1, with
RAILS_PERF_RUNS=3 and Rails logging disabled.
All tests where run with my garbage collector patch applied. For
1.2-stable, the heap size was increased from 600.000 to 650.000 slots,
since my measurements have shown that the working set size for
1.2-stable differs from 1.1-stable by around 50.000 slots (probably
mainly due to increased code size; remember that Ruby stores the code
as abstract syntax trees on the heap).
Configuration options
A number of configuration options were tested:
pstore, arstore, sqlstore
Use either the default session storage container (pstore), ActiveRecordStore or SqlSessionStore
pstore.links, arstore.links, sqlstore.links
use link_to and url_for calls instead of using hand coded URL generation methods
Test Data
For the tests, I selected a number of pages from my recipe database
application:
empty
a simple render_text, creating a new session per request
welcome
a welcome page, action cached, new session per request
recipes
application front page, user dependent, action cached
my_recipes
my recipes, user dependent, action cached
show
shows a single recipe with comments of various users
cat
show all recipes of a certain category, paginated
cat_page5
page 5 of action benchmark cat
letter
all recipes with a title starting with a given letter
Performance data for each configuration can be found here.
One on one comparisons produced by railsbench for each
configuration are listed in this
file.
Performance Charts
All benchmarks for all tested configurations.
The numbers are requests per second.
Actions with database queries separated
Conclusions
I have profiled the Rails-1.2-stable code against my benchmarks
using railsbench and Ruby Performance Validator, but could not
find sweet spots for optimization (at least given my current time
constraints). It seems that many small changes add up to the
performance loss shown by the benchmark data.
Previous reports on Rails 1.2 being twice as slow as Rails 1.1 are peformance FUD
Action caching could use some attention
Never use pstore as your session container
With the current Ruby interpreter it seems impossible to avoid slowdowns
as the code base of Rails grows, due to slow GC and large interpreter
overhead. YARV might change this.
| 2024-11-08T04:04:27 | en | train |
8,180 | usablecontent | 2007-04-02T11:05:20 | Google Joins DoubleClick Bid | null | http://www.startupmeme.com/2007/04/02/google-joins-doubleclick-bid | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,182 | mattculbreth | 2007-04-02T11:33:46 | Will DRM die today? | null | http://www.techcrunch.com/2007/04/02/will-drm-die-today/ | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,184 | usablecontent | 2007-04-02T11:50:23 | Startup Meme: The Empire of DRM is Falling, EMI First Soldier Down | null | http://startupmeme.com/2007/04/02/the-empire-of-drm-is-falling-emi-first-soldier-down/ | 5 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,189 | usablecontent | 2007-04-02T13:05:48 | Startup Meme: Slashdot Tries to Clone Digg Once Again | null | http://startupmeme.com/2007/04/02/slashdot-tries-to-clone-digg-once-again/ | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | no_error | Slot Wild West: Slot Online Pragmatic Play menangkan Maxwin di Slot Wild West Megaways | null | unitogel |
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| 2024-11-08T13:15:23 | id | train |
8,192 | jkush | 2007-04-02T13:11:45 | Is there a common theme in the submitted YC apps? In other words, does YC get a good sense of what's brewing in the startup world? | null | 5 | 3 | [
8193
] | null | null | invalid_url | null | null | null | null | 2024-11-08T16:37:59 | null | train |
|
8,194 | veritas | 2007-04-02T13:20:19 | Seth's Blog: Digital realities | null | http://sethgodin.typepad.com/seths_blog/2007/04/digital_realiti.html | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,199 | aglarond | 2007-04-02T13:36:40 | Venture Capital Deal Algebra | null | http://www.feld.com/blog/archives/000097.html | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,200 | danw | 2007-04-02T13:37:58 | Roll your own MVNO | null | http://gigaom.com/2007/04/01/now-roll-your-own-mvno/ | 3 | 2 | [
8238
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,201 | usablecontent | 2007-04-02T13:40:13 | Startup Meme: April 2, The Day DRM Died and The King Rules On | null | http://startupmeme.com/2007/04/02/april-2-the-day-drm-died-and-the-king-rules-on/ | 1 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,203 | jslogan | 2007-04-02T13:40:47 | 11 Page Report - Five Things Your Prospect Wants To Know Before They Will Purchase From You | null | http://www.jslogan.com/content/view/38/67/ | 3 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,205 | veritas | 2007-04-02T14:18:20 | EMI, Apple To Sell DRM-Free Music for $1.29/song | null | http://www.techcrunch.com/2007/04/02/emi-apple-are-announcing-sale-of-non-drm-music/ | 9 | 3 | [
8253,
8287,
8721
] | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,207 | usablecontent | 2007-04-02T14:28:39 | Startup Meme: Ballhype is a Digg Clone for Sports Fans | null | http://startupmeme.com/2007/04/02/ballhype-is-a-digg-clone-for-sports-fans/ | 1 | 1 | [
8268
] | null | null | no_error | Slot Wild West: Slot Online Pragmatic Play menangkan Maxwin di Slot Wild West Megaways | null | unitogel |
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| 2024-11-07T15:01:36 | id | train |
8,208 | mattculbreth | 2007-04-02T14:28:44 | Python doesn't feel like a functional language (and Paul is blamed for making author want it to) | null | http://kunosure.blogspot.com/2007/04/python-doesnt-feel-like-very-functional.html | 2 | 4 | [
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8,214 | Readmore | 2007-04-02T14:47:44 | RFC - Any good startup/tech video podcasts? | null | 1 | 1 | [
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8,216 | Readmore | 2007-04-02T14:50:44 | Project Agape = Friendster + Facebook? | null | http://venturebeat.com/2007/03/30/parkers-project-agape-friendster-facebook/ | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,219 | amichail | 2007-04-02T15:11:59 | Luis von Ahn's PhD thesis on Human Computation (a must read!) | null | http://reports-archive.adm.cs.cmu.edu/anon/2005/abstracts/05-193.html | 2 | 0 | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | null | train |
8,220 | jmtame | 2007-04-02T15:13:11 | How is equity distributed in a startup? | null | 1 | 4 | [
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