from gymnasium.spaces import Box, MultiDiscrete, Tuple as TupleSpace
import logging
import numpy as np
import random
import time
from typing import Callable, Optional, Tuple

from ray.rllib.env.multi_agent_env import MultiAgentEnv
from ray.rllib.policy.policy import PolicySpec
from ray.rllib.utils.annotations import PublicAPI
from ray.rllib.utils.typing import MultiAgentDict, PolicyID, AgentID

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


@PublicAPI
class Unity3DEnv(MultiAgentEnv):
    """A MultiAgentEnv representing a single Unity3D game instance.

    For an example on how to use this Env with a running Unity3D editor
    or with a compiled game, see:
    `rllib/examples/unity3d_env_local.py`
    For an example on how to use it inside a Unity game client, which
    connects to an RLlib Policy server, see:
    `rllib/examples/serving/unity3d_[client|server].py`

    Supports all Unity3D (MLAgents) examples, multi- or single-agent and
    gets converted automatically into an ExternalMultiAgentEnv, when used
    inside an RLlib PolicyClient for cloud/distributed training of Unity games.
    """

    # Default base port when connecting directly to the Editor
    _BASE_PORT_EDITOR = 5004
    # Default base port when connecting to a compiled environment
    _BASE_PORT_ENVIRONMENT = 5005
    # The worker_id for each environment instance
    _WORKER_ID = 0

    def __init__(
        self,
        file_name: str = None,
        port: Optional[int] = None,
        seed: int = 0,
        no_graphics: bool = False,
        timeout_wait: int = 300,
        episode_horizon: int = 1000,
    ):
        """Initializes a Unity3DEnv object.

        Args:
            file_name (Optional[str]): Name of the Unity game binary.
                If None, will assume a locally running Unity3D editor
                to be used, instead.
            port (Optional[int]): Port number to connect to Unity environment.
            seed: A random seed value to use for the Unity3D game.
            no_graphics: Whether to run the Unity3D simulator in
                no-graphics mode. Default: False.
            timeout_wait: Time (in seconds) to wait for connection from
                the Unity3D instance.
            episode_horizon: A hard horizon to abide to. After at most
                this many steps (per-agent episode `step()` calls), the
                Unity3D game is reset and will start again (finishing the
                multi-agent episode that the game represents).
                Note: The game itself may contain its own episode length
                limits, which are always obeyed (on top of this value here).
        """
        # Skip env checking as the nature of the agent IDs depends on the game
        # running in the connected Unity editor.
        self._skip_env_checking = True

        super().__init__()

        if file_name is None:
            print(
                "No game binary provided, will use a running Unity editor "
                "instead.\nMake sure you are pressing the Play (|>) button in "
                "your editor to start."
            )

        import mlagents_envs
        from mlagents_envs.environment import UnityEnvironment

        # Try connecting to the Unity3D game instance. If a port is blocked
        port_ = None
        while True:
            # Sleep for random time to allow for concurrent startup of many
            # environments (num_workers >> 1). Otherwise, would lead to port
            # conflicts sometimes.
            if port_ is not None:
                time.sleep(random.randint(1, 10))
            port_ = port or (
                self._BASE_PORT_ENVIRONMENT if file_name else self._BASE_PORT_EDITOR
            )
            # cache the worker_id and
            # increase it for the next environment
            worker_id_ = Unity3DEnv._WORKER_ID if file_name else 0
            Unity3DEnv._WORKER_ID += 1
            try:
                self.unity_env = UnityEnvironment(
                    file_name=file_name,
                    worker_id=worker_id_,
                    base_port=port_,
                    seed=seed,
                    no_graphics=no_graphics,
                    timeout_wait=timeout_wait,
                )
                print("Created UnityEnvironment for port {}".format(port_ + worker_id_))
            except mlagents_envs.exception.UnityWorkerInUseException:
                pass
            else:
                break

        # ML-Agents API version.
        self.api_version = self.unity_env.API_VERSION.split(".")
        self.api_version = [int(s) for s in self.api_version]

        # Reset entire env every this number of step calls.
        self.episode_horizon = episode_horizon
        # Keep track of how many times we have called `step` so far.
        self.episode_timesteps = 0

    def step(
        self, action_dict: MultiAgentDict
    ) -> Tuple[
        MultiAgentDict, MultiAgentDict, MultiAgentDict, MultiAgentDict, MultiAgentDict
    ]:
        """Performs one multi-agent step through the game.

        Args:
            action_dict: Multi-agent action dict with:
                keys=agent identifier consisting of
                [MLagents behavior name, e.g. "Goalie?team=1"] + "_" +
                [Agent index, a unique MLAgent-assigned index per single agent]

        Returns:
            tuple:
                - obs: Multi-agent observation dict.
                    Only those observations for which to get new actions are
                    returned.
                - rewards: Rewards dict matching `obs`.
                - dones: Done dict with only an __all__ multi-agent entry in
                    it. __all__=True, if episode is done for all agents.
                - infos: An (empty) info dict.
        """
        from mlagents_envs.base_env import ActionTuple

        # Set only the required actions (from the DecisionSteps) in Unity3D.
        all_agents = []
        for behavior_name in self.unity_env.behavior_specs:
            # New ML-Agents API: Set all agents actions at the same time
            # via an ActionTuple. Since API v1.4.0.
            if self.api_version[0] > 1 or (
                self.api_version[0] == 1 and self.api_version[1] >= 4
            ):
                actions = []
                for agent_id in self.unity_env.get_steps(behavior_name)[0].agent_id:
                    key = behavior_name + "_{}".format(agent_id)
                    all_agents.append(key)
                    actions.append(action_dict[key])
                if actions:
                    if actions[0].dtype == np.float32:
                        action_tuple = ActionTuple(continuous=np.array(actions))
                    else:
                        action_tuple = ActionTuple(discrete=np.array(actions))
                    self.unity_env.set_actions(behavior_name, action_tuple)
            # Old behavior: Do not use an ActionTuple and set each agent's
            # action individually.
            else:
                for agent_id in self.unity_env.get_steps(behavior_name)[
                    0
                ].agent_id_to_index.keys():
                    key = behavior_name + "_{}".format(agent_id)
                    all_agents.append(key)
                    self.unity_env.set_action_for_agent(
                        behavior_name, agent_id, action_dict[key]
                    )
        # Do the step.
        self.unity_env.step()

        obs, rewards, terminateds, truncateds, infos = self._get_step_results()

        # Global horizon reached? -> Return __all__ truncated=True, so user
        # can reset. Set all agents' individual `truncated` to True as well.
        self.episode_timesteps += 1
        if self.episode_timesteps > self.episode_horizon:
            return (
                obs,
                rewards,
                terminateds,
                dict({"__all__": True}, **{agent_id: True for agent_id in all_agents}),
                infos,
            )

        return obs, rewards, terminateds, truncateds, infos

    def reset(
        self, *, seed=None, options=None
    ) -> Tuple[MultiAgentDict, MultiAgentDict]:
        """Resets the entire Unity3D scene (a single multi-agent episode)."""
        self.episode_timesteps = 0
        self.unity_env.reset()
        obs, _, _, _, infos = self._get_step_results()
        return obs, infos

    def _get_step_results(self):
        """Collects those agents' obs/rewards that have to act in next `step`.

        Returns:
            Tuple:
                obs: Multi-agent observation dict.
                    Only those observations for which to get new actions are
                    returned.
                rewards: Rewards dict matching `obs`.
                dones: Done dict with only an __all__ multi-agent entry in it.
                    __all__=True, if episode is done for all agents.
                infos: An (empty) info dict.
        """
        obs = {}
        rewards = {}
        infos = {}
        for behavior_name in self.unity_env.behavior_specs:
            decision_steps, terminal_steps = self.unity_env.get_steps(behavior_name)
            # Important: Only update those sub-envs that are currently
            # available within _env_state.
            # Loop through all envs ("agents") and fill in, whatever
            # information we have.
            for agent_id, idx in decision_steps.agent_id_to_index.items():
                key = behavior_name + "_{}".format(agent_id)
                os = tuple(o[idx] for o in decision_steps.obs)
                os = os[0] if len(os) == 1 else os
                obs[key] = os
                rewards[key] = (
                    decision_steps.reward[idx] + decision_steps.group_reward[idx]
                )
            for agent_id, idx in terminal_steps.agent_id_to_index.items():
                key = behavior_name + "_{}".format(agent_id)
                # Only overwrite rewards (last reward in episode), b/c obs
                # here is the last obs (which doesn't matter anyways).
                # Unless key does not exist in obs.
                if key not in obs:
                    os = tuple(o[idx] for o in terminal_steps.obs)
                    obs[key] = os = os[0] if len(os) == 1 else os
                rewards[key] = (
                    terminal_steps.reward[idx] + terminal_steps.group_reward[idx]
                )

        # Only use dones if all agents are done, then we should do a reset.
        return obs, rewards, {"__all__": False}, {"__all__": False}, infos

    @staticmethod
    def get_policy_configs_for_game(
        game_name: str,
    ) -> Tuple[dict, Callable[[AgentID], PolicyID]]:

        # The RLlib server must know about the Spaces that the Client will be
        # using inside Unity3D, up-front.
        obs_spaces = {
            # 3DBall.
            "3DBall": Box(float("-inf"), float("inf"), (8,)),
            # 3DBallHard.
            "3DBallHard": Box(float("-inf"), float("inf"), (45,)),
            # GridFoodCollector
            "GridFoodCollector": Box(float("-inf"), float("inf"), (40, 40, 6)),
            # Pyramids.
            "Pyramids": TupleSpace(
                [
                    Box(float("-inf"), float("inf"), (56,)),
                    Box(float("-inf"), float("inf"), (56,)),
                    Box(float("-inf"), float("inf"), (56,)),
                    Box(float("-inf"), float("inf"), (4,)),
                ]
            ),
            # SoccerTwos.
            "SoccerPlayer": TupleSpace(
                [
                    Box(-1.0, 1.0, (264,)),
                    Box(-1.0, 1.0, (72,)),
                ]
            ),
            # SoccerStrikersVsGoalie.
            "Goalie": Box(float("-inf"), float("inf"), (738,)),
            "Striker": TupleSpace(
                [
                    Box(float("-inf"), float("inf"), (231,)),
                    Box(float("-inf"), float("inf"), (63,)),
                ]
            ),
            # Sorter.
            "Sorter": TupleSpace(
                [
                    Box(
                        float("-inf"),
                        float("inf"),
                        (
                            20,
                            23,
                        ),
                    ),
                    Box(float("-inf"), float("inf"), (10,)),
                    Box(float("-inf"), float("inf"), (8,)),
                ]
            ),
            # Tennis.
            "Tennis": Box(float("-inf"), float("inf"), (27,)),
            # VisualHallway.
            "VisualHallway": Box(float("-inf"), float("inf"), (84, 84, 3)),
            # Walker.
            "Walker": Box(float("-inf"), float("inf"), (212,)),
            # FoodCollector.
            "FoodCollector": TupleSpace(
                [
                    Box(float("-inf"), float("inf"), (49,)),
                    Box(float("-inf"), float("inf"), (4,)),
                ]
            ),
        }
        action_spaces = {
            # 3DBall.
            "3DBall": Box(-1.0, 1.0, (2,), dtype=np.float32),
            # 3DBallHard.
            "3DBallHard": Box(-1.0, 1.0, (2,), dtype=np.float32),
            # GridFoodCollector.
            "GridFoodCollector": MultiDiscrete([3, 3, 3, 2]),
            # Pyramids.
            "Pyramids": MultiDiscrete([5]),
            # SoccerStrikersVsGoalie.
            "Goalie": MultiDiscrete([3, 3, 3]),
            "Striker": MultiDiscrete([3, 3, 3]),
            # SoccerTwos.
            "SoccerPlayer": MultiDiscrete([3, 3, 3]),
            # Sorter.
            "Sorter": MultiDiscrete([3, 3, 3]),
            # Tennis.
            "Tennis": Box(-1.0, 1.0, (3,)),
            # VisualHallway.
            "VisualHallway": MultiDiscrete([5]),
            # Walker.
            "Walker": Box(-1.0, 1.0, (39,)),
            # FoodCollector.
            "FoodCollector": MultiDiscrete([3, 3, 3, 2]),
        }

        # Policies (Unity: "behaviors") and agent-to-policy mapping fns.
        if game_name == "SoccerStrikersVsGoalie":
            policies = {
                "Goalie": PolicySpec(
                    observation_space=obs_spaces["Goalie"],
                    action_space=action_spaces["Goalie"],
                ),
                "Striker": PolicySpec(
                    observation_space=obs_spaces["Striker"],
                    action_space=action_spaces["Striker"],
                ),
            }

            def policy_mapping_fn(agent_id, episode, worker, **kwargs):
                return "Striker" if "Striker" in agent_id else "Goalie"

        elif game_name == "SoccerTwos":
            policies = {
                "PurplePlayer": PolicySpec(
                    observation_space=obs_spaces["SoccerPlayer"],
                    action_space=action_spaces["SoccerPlayer"],
                ),
                "BluePlayer": PolicySpec(
                    observation_space=obs_spaces["SoccerPlayer"],
                    action_space=action_spaces["SoccerPlayer"],
                ),
            }

            def policy_mapping_fn(agent_id, episode, worker, **kwargs):
                return "BluePlayer" if "1_" in agent_id else "PurplePlayer"

        else:
            policies = {
                game_name: PolicySpec(
                    observation_space=obs_spaces[game_name],
                    action_space=action_spaces[game_name],
                ),
            }

            def policy_mapping_fn(agent_id, episode, worker, **kwargs):
                return game_name

        return policies, policy_mapping_fn
