#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# File: training.py

from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
import tensorflow as tf
import copy
import six
import re
import pprint
from six.moves import zip, range

from ..utils import logger
from ..tfutils.tower import TowerContext
from ..tfutils.common import get_tf_version_number
from ..tfutils.gradproc import ScaleGradient

from .utils import (
    LeastLoadedDeviceSetter, override_to_local_variable,
    allreduce_grads, average_grads)


__all__ = ['GraphBuilder',
           'SyncMultiGPUParameterServerBuilder', 'DataParallelBuilder',
           'SyncMultiGPUReplicatedBuilder', 'AsyncMultiGPUBuilder']


@six.add_metaclass(ABCMeta)
class GraphBuilder(object):
    @abstractmethod
    def build(*args, **kwargs):
        pass


class DataParallelBuilder(GraphBuilder):
    def __init__(self, towers):
        """
        Args:
            towers(list[int]): list of GPU ids.
        """
        if len(towers) > 1:
            logger.info("Training a model of {} towers".format(len(towers)))
            DataParallelBuilder._check_tf_version()

        self.towers = towers

    @staticmethod
    def _check_tf_version():
        assert get_tf_version_number() >= 1.1, \
            "TF version {} is too old to run multi GPU training!".format(tf.VERSION)

    @staticmethod
    def _check_grad_list(grad_list):
        """
        Args:
            grad_list: list of list of tuples, shape is Ngpu x Nvar x 2
        """
        nvars = [len(k) for k in grad_list]

        def basename(x):
            return re.sub('tower[0-9]+/', '', x.op.name)

        if len(set(nvars)) != 1:
            names_per_gpu = [set([basename(k[1]) for k in grad_and_vars]) for grad_and_vars in grad_list]
            inters = copy.copy(names_per_gpu[0])
            for s in names_per_gpu:
                inters &= s
            for s in names_per_gpu:
                s -= inters
            logger.error("Unique variables on towers: " + pprint.pformat(names_per_gpu))
            raise ValueError("Number of gradients from each tower is different! " + str(nvars))

    @staticmethod
    def build_on_towers(
            towers, func, devices=None, use_vs=None):
        """
        Run `func` on all GPUs (towers) and return the results.

        Args:
            towers (list[int]): a list of GPU id.
            func: a lambda to be called inside each tower
            devices: a list of devices to be used. By default will use '/gpu:{tower}'
            use_vs (list[bool]): list of use_vs to passed to TowerContext

        Returns:
            List of outputs of ``func``, evaluated on each tower.
        """

        ret = []
        if devices is not None:
            assert len(devices) == len(towers)
        if use_vs is not None:
            assert len(use_vs) == len(towers)

        tower_names = ['tower{}'.format(idx) for idx in range(len(towers))]

        for idx, t in enumerate(towers):
            device = devices[idx] if devices is not None else '/gpu:{}'.format(t)
            usevs = use_vs[idx] if use_vs is not None else False
            with tf.device(device), TowerContext(
                    tower_names[idx],
                    is_training=True,
                    index=idx,
                    vs_name=tower_names[idx] if usevs else ''):
                if len(str(device)) < 10:   # a device function doesn't have good string description
                    logger.info("Building graph for training tower {} on device {}...".format(idx, device))
                else:
                    logger.info("Building graph for training tower {} ...".format(idx))

                # When use_vs is True, use LOCAL_VARIABLES,
                # so these duplicated variables won't be saved by default.
                with override_to_local_variable(enable=usevs):
                    ret.append(func())
        return ret


class SyncMultiGPUParameterServerBuilder(DataParallelBuilder):
    """
    Data-parallel training in 'ParameterServer' mode.
    It builds one tower on each GPU with
    shared variable scope. It synchronoizes the gradients computed
    from each tower, averages them and applies to the shared variables.

    It is an equivalent of ``--variable_update=parameter_server`` in
    `tensorflow/benchmarks <https://github.com/tensorflow/benchmarks>`_.

    Attribute:
        grads: list of (g, v). Averaged gradients, available after build()
    """
    def __init__(self, towers, ps_device):
        """
        Args:
            towers(list[int]): list of GPU id
            ps_device (str): either 'gpu' or 'cpu', where variables are stored.
        """
        super(SyncMultiGPUParameterServerBuilder, self).__init__(towers)
        assert ps_device in ['cpu', 'gpu']
        self.ps_device = ps_device

    def build(self, get_grad_fn, get_opt_fn):
        """
        Args:
            get_grad_fn (-> [(grad, var)]):
            get_opt_fn (-> tf.train.Optimizer): callable which returns an optimizer

        Returns:
            tf.Operation: the training op
        """
        raw_devices = ['/gpu:{}'.format(k) for k in self.towers]
        if self.ps_device == 'gpu':
            devices = [LeastLoadedDeviceSetter(d, raw_devices) for d in raw_devices]
        else:
            devices = [tf.train.replica_device_setter(
                worker_device=d, ps_device='/cpu:0', ps_tasks=1) for d in raw_devices]

        grad_list = DataParallelBuilder.build_on_towers(self.towers, get_grad_fn, devices)
        DataParallelBuilder._check_grad_list(grad_list)

        # debug tower performance (without update):
        # ops = [k[0] for k in grad_list[1]] + [k[0] for k in grad_list[0]]
        # self.train_op = tf.group(*ops)
        # return

        self.grads = average_grads(grad_list, colocation=True)
        # grads = grad_list[0]

        opt = get_opt_fn()
        if self.ps_device == 'cpu':
            with tf.device('/cpu:0'):
                train_op = opt.apply_gradients(self.grads, name='train_op')
        else:
            train_op = opt.apply_gradients(self.grads, name='train_op')
        return train_op


class SyncMultiGPUReplicatedBuilder(DataParallelBuilder):
    """
    Data-parallel training in "replicated" mode,
    where each GPU contains a replicate of the whole model.
    It will build one tower on each GPU under its own variable scope.
    Each gradient update is averaged or summed across or GPUs through NCCL.

    It is an equivalent of ``--variable_update=replicated`` in
    `tensorflow/benchmarks <https://github.com/tensorflow/benchmarks>`_.

    Attribute:
        grads: #GPU number of lists of (g, v). Synchronized gradients on each device, available after build()
            Though on different deviecs, they should contain the same value.
    """

    def __init__(self, towers, average, use_nccl):
        super(SyncMultiGPUReplicatedBuilder, self).__init__(towers)
        self._average = average
        self._use_nccl = use_nccl

    def build(self, get_grad_fn, get_opt_fn):
        """
        Args:
            get_grad_fn (-> [(grad, var)]):
            get_opt_fn (-> tf.train.Optimizer): callable which returns an optimizer

        Returns:
            (tf.Operation, tf.Operation)

            1. the training op.

            2. the op which sync variables from GPU 0 to other GPUs.
                It has to be run before the training has started.
                And you can optionally run it later to sync non-trainable variables.
        """
        raw_devices = ['/gpu:{}'.format(k) for k in self.towers]

        grad_list = DataParallelBuilder.build_on_towers(
            self.towers,
            get_grad_fn,
            # use no variable scope for the first tower
            use_vs=[False] + [True] * (len(self.towers) - 1))

        DataParallelBuilder._check_grad_list(grad_list)

        if self._use_nccl:
            self.grads = allreduce_grads(grad_list, average=self._average)  # #gpu x #param x 2
        else:
            agg_grad_and_vars = average_grads(grad_list, colocation=False, devices=['/cpu:0'])    # #param x 2
            self.grads = []  # #gpu x #param x 2
            for grad_and_vars in grad_list:   # grad_and_vars: #paramx2
                # take v from each tower, and g from average.
                self.grads.append(
                    [(g, v) for (_, v), (g, _) in zip(grad_and_vars, agg_grad_and_vars)])

        train_ops = []
        opt = get_opt_fn()
        with tf.name_scope('apply_gradients'):
            for idx, grad_and_vars in enumerate(self.grads):
                with tf.device(raw_devices[idx]):
                    # apply_gradients may create variables. Make them LOCAL_VARIABLES
                    with override_to_local_variable(enable=idx > 0):
                        train_ops.append(opt.apply_gradients(
                            grad_and_vars, name='apply_grad_{}'.format(idx)))
        train_op = tf.group(*train_ops, name='train_op')

        with tf.name_scope('sync_variables'):
            post_init_op = SyncMultiGPUReplicatedBuilder.get_post_init_ops()
        return train_op, post_init_op

# Adopt from https://github.com/tensorflow/benchmarks/blob/master/scripts/tf_cnn_benchmarks/variable_mgr.py
    @staticmethod
    def get_post_init_ops():
        """
        Copy values of variables on GPU 0 to other GPUs.
        """
        # literally all variables, because it's better to sync optimizer-internal variables as well
        all_vars = tf.global_variables() + tf.local_variables()
        var_by_name = dict([(v.name, v) for v in all_vars])
        post_init_ops = []
        for v in all_vars:
            if not v.name.startswith('tower'):
                continue
            if v.name.startswith('tower0'):
                logger.warn("[SyncMultiGPUReplicatedBuilder] variable "
                            "{} has prefix 'tower0', this is unexpected.".format(v.name))
                continue        # TODO some vars (EMA) may still startswith tower0
            # in this trainer, the master name doesn't have the towerx/ prefix
            split_name = v.name.split('/')
            prefix = split_name[0]
            realname = '/'.join(split_name[1:])
            if prefix in realname:
                logger.error("[SyncMultiGPUReplicatedBuilder] variable "
                             "{} has its prefix {} appears multiple times in its name!".format(v.name, prefix))
            copy_from = var_by_name.get(realname)
            if copy_from is not None:
                post_init_ops.append(v.assign(copy_from.read_value()))
            else:
                logger.warn("[ReplicatedTrainer] Cannot find {} in the graph!".format(realname))
        logger.info(
            "'sync_variables_from_main_tower' includes {} operations.".format(len(post_init_ops)))
        return tf.group(*post_init_ops, name='sync_variables_from_main_tower')


class AsyncMultiGPUBuilder(DataParallelBuilder):
    """
    Data-parallel training with async update.
    It builds one tower on each GPU with shared variable scope.
    Every tower computes the gradients and independently applies them to the
    variables, without synchronizing and averaging across towers.
    """

    def __init__(self, towers, scale_gradient=True):
        """
        Args:
            towers(list[int]): list of GPU ids.
            scale_gradient (bool): if True, will scale each gradient by ``1.0/nr_gpu``.
        """
        super(AsyncMultiGPUBuilder, self).__init__(towers)
        self._scale_gradient = scale_gradient

    def build(self, get_grad_fn, get_opt_fn):
        """
        Args:
            get_grad_fn (-> [(grad, var)]):
            get_opt_fn (-> tf.train.Optimizer): callable which returns an optimizer

        Returns:
            tf.Operation: the training op
        """
        ps_device = 'cpu' if len(self.towers) >= 4 else 'gpu'

        if ps_device == 'gpu':
            raw_devices = ['/gpu:{}'.format(k) for k in self.towers]
            devices = [LeastLoadedDeviceSetter(d, raw_devices) for d in raw_devices]
        else:
            devices = [tf.train.replica_device_setter(
                worker_device=d, ps_device='/cpu:0', ps_tasks=1) for d in raw_devices]

        grad_list = DataParallelBuilder.build_on_towers(self.towers, get_grad_fn, devices)
        DataParallelBuilder._check_grad_list(grad_list)

        if self._scale_gradient and len(self.towers) > 1:
            # pretend to average the grads, in order to make async and
            # sync have consistent effective learning rate
            gradproc = ScaleGradient(('.*', 1.0 / len(self.towers)), verbose=False)
            grad_list = [gradproc.process(gv) for gv in grad_list]
        # Ngpu x Nvar x 2

        train_ops = []
        opt = get_opt_fn()
        with tf.name_scope('async_apply_gradients'):
            for i, grad_and_vars in enumerate(zip(*grad_list)):
                # Ngpu x 2
                v = grad_and_vars[0][1]
                with tf.device(v.device):
                    # will call apply_gradients (therefore gradproc) multiple times
                    train_ops.append(opt.apply_gradients(
                        grad_and_vars, name='apply_grad_{}'.format(i)))
            return tf.group(*train_ops, name='train_op')
