import collections
from typing import Any
from typing import DefaultDict
from typing import Dict
from typing import List
from typing import Set
from typing import Tuple

import optuna
from optuna._imports import try_import
from optuna.study.study import _SYSTEM_ATTR_METRIC_NAMES
from optuna.trial._state import TrialState


with try_import() as _imports:
    # `Study.trials_dataframe` is disabled if pandas is not available.
    import pandas as pd

# Required for type annotation in `Study.trials_dataframe`.
if not _imports.is_successful():
    pd = object  # NOQA

__all__ = ["pd"]


def _create_records_and_aggregate_column(
    study: "optuna.Study", attrs: Tuple[str, ...]
) -> Tuple[List[Dict[Tuple[str, str], Any]], List[Tuple[str, str]]]:
    attrs_to_df_columns: Dict[str, str] = collections.OrderedDict()
    for attr in attrs:
        if attr.startswith("_"):
            # Python conventional underscores are omitted in the dataframe.
            df_column = attr[1:]
        else:
            df_column = attr
        attrs_to_df_columns[attr] = df_column

    # column_agg is an aggregator of column names.
    # Keys of column agg are attributes of `FrozenTrial` such as 'trial_id' and 'params'.
    # Values are dataframe columns such as ('trial_id', '') and ('params', 'n_layers').
    column_agg: DefaultDict[str, Set] = collections.defaultdict(set)
    non_nested_attr = ""

    metric_names = study._storage.get_study_system_attrs(study._study_id).get(
        _SYSTEM_ATTR_METRIC_NAMES
    )

    records = []
    for trial in study.get_trials(deepcopy=False):
        record = {}
        for attr, df_column in attrs_to_df_columns.items():
            value = getattr(trial, attr)
            if isinstance(value, TrialState):
                value = value.name
            if isinstance(value, dict):
                for nested_attr, nested_value in value.items():
                    record[(df_column, nested_attr)] = nested_value
                    column_agg[attr].add((df_column, nested_attr))
            elif attr == "values":
                # Expand trial.values.
                # trial.values should be None when the trial's state is FAIL or PRUNED.
                trial_values = [None] * len(study.directions) if value is None else value
                iterator = (
                    enumerate(trial_values)
                    if metric_names is None
                    else zip(metric_names, trial_values)
                )
                for nested_attr, nested_value in iterator:
                    record[(df_column, nested_attr)] = nested_value
                    column_agg[attr].add((df_column, nested_attr))
            elif isinstance(value, list):
                for nested_attr, nested_value in enumerate(value):
                    record[(df_column, nested_attr)] = nested_value
                    column_agg[attr].add((df_column, nested_attr))
            elif attr == "value":
                nested_attr = non_nested_attr if metric_names is None else metric_names[0]
                record[(df_column, nested_attr)] = value
                column_agg[attr].add((df_column, nested_attr))
            else:
                record[(df_column, non_nested_attr)] = value
                column_agg[attr].add((df_column, non_nested_attr))

        records.append(record)

    columns: List[Tuple[str, str]] = sum(
        (sorted(column_agg[k]) for k in attrs if k in column_agg), []
    )

    return records, columns


def _flatten_columns(columns: List[Tuple[str, str]]) -> List[str]:
    # Flatten the `MultiIndex` columns where names are concatenated with underscores.
    # Filtering is required to omit non-nested columns avoiding unwanted trailing underscores.
    return ["_".join(filter(lambda c: c, map(lambda c: str(c), col))) for col in columns]


def _trials_dataframe(
    study: "optuna.Study", attrs: Tuple[str, ...], multi_index: bool
) -> "pd.DataFrame":
    _imports.check()

    # If no trials, return an empty dataframe.
    if len(study.get_trials(deepcopy=False)) == 0:
        return pd.DataFrame()

    if "value" in attrs and study._is_multi_objective():
        attrs = tuple("values" if attr == "value" else attr for attr in attrs)

    records, columns = _create_records_and_aggregate_column(study, attrs)

    df = pd.DataFrame(records, columns=pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(columns))

    if not multi_index:
        df.columns = _flatten_columns(columns)

    return df
