code: // Licensed to the Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) under one
  // or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
  // distributed with this work for additional information
  // regarding copyright ownership.  The SFC licenses this file
  // to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
  // "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
  // with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
  //
  //   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  //
  // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
  // software distributed under the License is distributed on an
  // "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
  // KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
  // specific language governing permissions and limitations
  // under the License.
  
  package org.openqa.selenium;
  
  import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
  import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatExceptionOfType;
  import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatNoException;
  import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
  import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
  import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyNoMoreInteractions;
  import static org.openqa.selenium.By.ByClassName;
  import static org.openqa.selenium.By.ByCssSelector;
  import static org.openqa.selenium.By.ById;
  import static org.openqa.selenium.By.ByLinkText;
  import static org.openqa.selenium.By.ByName;
  import static org.openqa.selenium.By.ByPartialLinkText;
  import static org.openqa.selenium.By.ByTagName;
  import static org.openqa.selenium.By.ByXPath;
  import static org.openqa.selenium.json.Json.MAP_TYPE;
  
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Map;
  import org.junit.jupiter.api.Tag;
  import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
  import org.openqa.selenium.json.Json;
  
  @Tag("UnitTests")
  class ByTest {
  
    @Test
    void shouldUseFindsByNameToLocateElementsByName() {
      final SearchContext driver = mock(SearchContext.class);
  
      By.cssSelector("cheese").findElement(driver);
      By.cssSelector("peas").findElements(driver);
  
      verify(driver).findElement(By.cssSelector("cheese"));
      verify(driver).findElements(By.cssSelector("peas"));
      verifyNoMoreInteractions(driver);
    }
  
    @Test
    void shouldUseXpathLocateElementsByXpath() {
      SearchContext driver = mock(SearchContext.class);
  
      By.xpath(".//*[@name = 'cheese']").findElement(driver);
      By.xpath(".//*[@name = 'peas']").findElements(driver);
  
      verify(driver).findElement(By.xpath(".//*[@name = 'cheese']"));
      verify(driver).findElements(By.xpath(".//*[@name = 'peas']"));
      verifyNoMoreInteractions(driver);
    }
  
    @Test
    void searchesByTagNameIfSupported() {
      SearchContext context = mock(SearchContext.class);
  
      By.tagName("foo").findElement(context);
      By.tagName("bar").findElements(context);
  
      verify(context).findElement(By.tagName("foo"));
      verify(context).findElements(By.tagName("bar"));
      verifyNoMoreInteractions(context);
    }
  
    @Test
    void innerClassesArePublicSoThatTheyCanBeReusedElsewhere() {
      assertThat(new ByXPath("a")).hasToString("By.xpath: a");
      assertThat(new ById("a")).hasToString("By.id: a");
      assertThat(new ByClassName("a")).hasToString("By.className: a");
      assertThat(new ByLinkText("a")).hasToString("By.linkText: a");
      assertThat(new ByName("a")).hasToString("By.name: a");
      assertThat(new ByTagName("a")).hasToString("By.tagName: a");
      assertThat(new ByCssSelector("a")).hasToString("By.cssSelector: a");
      assertThat(new ByPartialLinkText("a")).hasToString("By.partialLinkText: a");
    }
  
    // See https://github.com/SeleniumHQ/selenium-google-code-issue-archive/issues/2917
    @Test
    void testHashCodeDoesNotFallIntoEndlessRecursion() {
      By locator =
          new By() {
            @Override
            public List<WebElement> findElements(SearchContext context) {
              return null;
            }
          };
      assertThatNoException().isThrownBy(locator::hashCode);
    }
  
    @Test
    void ensureMultipleClassNamesAreNotAccepted() {
      assertThatExceptionOfType(InvalidSelectorException.class)
          .isThrownBy(() -> By.className("one two"));
    }
  
    @Test
    void ensureIdIsSerializedProperly() {
      // Although it's not legal, make sure we handle the case where people use spaces.
      By by = By.id("one two");
  
      Json json = new Json();
      Map<String, Object> blob = json.toType(json.toJson(by), MAP_TYPE);
  
      assertThat(blob)
          .hasSize(2)
          .containsEntry("using", "css selector")
          .containsEntry("value", "#one\\ two");
    }
  }
  