code: package zemberek.morphology.lexicon;
  
  import com.google.common.io.ByteStreams;
  import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
  import java.io.FileOutputStream;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.InputStream;
  import java.nio.file.Files;
  import java.nio.file.Path;
  import java.nio.file.Paths;
  import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
  import java.util.EnumSet;
  import java.util.HashMap;
  import java.util.Locale;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.stream.Collectors;
  import zemberek.core.enums.EnumConverter;
  import zemberek.core.logging.Log;
  import zemberek.core.turkish.PrimaryPos;
  import zemberek.core.turkish.RootAttribute;
  import zemberek.core.turkish.SecondaryPos;
  import zemberek.core.turkish.Turkish;
  import zemberek.morphology.TurkishMorphology;
  import zemberek.morphology.lexicon.proto.LexiconProto;
  import zemberek.morphology.lexicon.proto.LexiconProto.Dictionary;
  import zemberek.morphology.lexicon.tr.TurkishDictionaryLoader;
  
  public class DictionarySerializer {
  
    static EnumConverter<PrimaryPos, LexiconProto.PrimaryPos> primaryPosConverter =
        EnumConverter.createConverter(PrimaryPos.class, LexiconProto.PrimaryPos.class);
    static EnumConverter<SecondaryPos, LexiconProto.SecondaryPos> secondaryPosConverter =
        EnumConverter.createConverter(SecondaryPos.class, LexiconProto.SecondaryPos.class);
    static EnumConverter<RootAttribute, LexiconProto.RootAttribute> rootAttributeConverter =
        EnumConverter.createConverter(RootAttribute.class, LexiconProto.RootAttribute.class);
  
    public static RootLexicon loadFromResources(String resourcePathString) throws IOException {
      try (InputStream is = DictionarySerializer.class.getResourceAsStream(resourcePathString)) {
        byte[] bytes = ByteStreams.toByteArray(is);
        return getDictionaryItems(bytes);
      }
    }
  
    public static RootLexicon load(Path path) throws IOException {
      byte[] bytes = Files.readAllBytes(path);
      return getDictionaryItems(bytes);
    }
  
    public static void createDefaultDictionary(Path path) throws IOException {
      RootLexicon lexicon = RootLexicon.builder()
          .addTextDictionaryResources(TurkishDictionaryLoader.DEFAULT_DICTIONARY_RESOURCES)
          .build();
      save(lexicon, path);
    }
  
    private static RootLexicon getDictionaryItems(byte[] bytes)
        throws IOException {
      long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
      Dictionary readDictionary = Dictionary.parseFrom(bytes);
      RootLexicon loadedLexicon = new RootLexicon();
      // some items contains references to other items. We need to apply this
      // link after creating the lexicon.
      Map<String, String> referenceItemIdMap = new HashMap<>();
      for (LexiconProto.DictionaryItem item : readDictionary.getItemsList()) {
        DictionaryItem actual = convertToDictionaryItem(item);
        loadedLexicon.add(actual);
        if (item.getReference() != null && !item.getReference().isEmpty()) {
          referenceItemIdMap.put(actual.id, item.getReference());
        }
      }
  
      for (String itemId : referenceItemIdMap.keySet()) {
        DictionaryItem item = loadedLexicon.getItemById(itemId);
        DictionaryItem ref = loadedLexicon.getItemById(referenceItemIdMap.get(itemId));
        item.setReferenceItem(ref);
      }
  
      long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
      Log.info("Root lexicon created in %d ms.", (end - start));
  
      return loadedLexicon;
    }
  
    public static void save(RootLexicon lexicon, Path outPath) throws IOException {
      Dictionary.Builder builder = Dictionary.newBuilder();
      for (DictionaryItem item : lexicon.getAllItems()) {
        builder.addItems(convertToProto(item));
      }
      Dictionary dictionary = builder.build();
      if (outPath.toFile().exists()) {
        Files.delete(outPath);
      }
      Files.write(outPath, dictionary.toByteArray(), StandardOpenOption.CREATE);
    }
  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
      createDefaultDictionary(Paths.get("morphology/src/main/resources/tr/lexicon.bin"));
      serializeDeserializeTest();
    }
  
    private static void serializeDeserializeTest() throws IOException {
      TurkishMorphology morphology = TurkishMorphology.createWithDefaults();
      RootLexicon lexicon = morphology.getLexicon();
      Dictionary.Builder builder = Dictionary.newBuilder();
      for (DictionaryItem item : lexicon.getAllItems()) {
        builder.addItems(convertToProto(item));
      }
      Dictionary dictionary = builder.build();
      System.out.println("Total size of serialized dictionary: " + dictionary.getSerializedSize());
      Path f = Files.createTempFile("lexicon", ".bin");
      BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(f.toFile()));
      bos.write(dictionary.toByteArray());
      bos.close();
  
      long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
      byte[] serialized = Files.readAllBytes(f);
      long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
      Log.info("Dictionary loaded in %d ms.", (end - start));
  
      start = System.currentTimeMillis();
      Dictionary readDictionary = Dictionary.parseFrom(serialized);
      end = System.currentTimeMillis();
      Log.info("Dictionary deserialized in %d ms.", (end - start));
      System.out.println("Total size of read dictionary: " + readDictionary.getSerializedSize());
  
      start = System.currentTimeMillis();
      RootLexicon loadedLexicon = new RootLexicon();
      for (LexiconProto.DictionaryItem item : readDictionary.getItemsList()) {
        loadedLexicon.add(convertToDictionaryItem(item));
      }
      end = System.currentTimeMillis();
      Log.info("RootLexicon generated in %d ms.", (end - start));
    }
  
    private static LexiconProto.DictionaryItem convertToProto(DictionaryItem item) {
      LexiconProto.DictionaryItem.Builder builder = LexiconProto.DictionaryItem.newBuilder()
          .setLemma(item.lemma)
          .setIndex(item.index)
          .setPrimaryPos(primaryPosConverter
              .convertTo(item.primaryPos, LexiconProto.PrimaryPos.PrimaryPos_Unknown));
      String lowercaseLemma = item.lemma.toLowerCase();
      if (item.root != null && !item.root.equals(lowercaseLemma)) {
        builder.setRoot(item.root);
      }
      if (item.pronunciation != null && !item.pronunciation.equals(lowercaseLemma)) {
        builder.setPronunciation(item.pronunciation);
      }
      if (item.secondaryPos != null && item.secondaryPos != SecondaryPos.None) {
        builder.setSecondaryPos(secondaryPosConverter.convertTo(
            item.secondaryPos, LexiconProto.SecondaryPos.SecondaryPos_Unknown));
      }
      if (item.attributes != null && !item.attributes.isEmpty()) {
        builder.addAllRootAttributes(item.attributes
            .stream()
            .map((attribute) ->
                rootAttributeConverter
                    .convertTo(attribute, LexiconProto.RootAttribute.RootAttribute_Unknown))
            .collect(Collectors.toList()));
      }
      if (item.getReferenceItem() != null) {
        builder.setReference(item.getReferenceItem().id);
      }
      return builder.build();
    }
  
    private static DictionaryItem convertToDictionaryItem(LexiconProto.DictionaryItem item) {
      EnumSet<RootAttribute> attributes = EnumSet.noneOf(RootAttribute.class);
      for (LexiconProto.RootAttribute rootAttribute : item.getRootAttributesList()) {
        attributes.add(rootAttributeConverter.convertBack(rootAttribute, RootAttribute.Unknown));
      }
      Locale locale = attributes.contains(RootAttribute.LocaleEn) ? Locale.ENGLISH : Turkish.LOCALE;
      String lowercaseLemma = item.getLemma().toLowerCase(locale);
      return new DictionaryItem(
          item.getLemma(),
          item.getRoot().isEmpty() ? lowercaseLemma : item.getRoot(),
          item.getPronunciation().isEmpty() ? lowercaseLemma : item.getPronunciation(),
          primaryPosConverter.convertBack(item.getPrimaryPos(), PrimaryPos.Unknown),
          item.getSecondaryPos() == LexiconProto.SecondaryPos.SecondaryPos_Unknown
              ? SecondaryPos.None
              : secondaryPosConverter.convertBack(item.getSecondaryPos(), SecondaryPos.UnknownSec),
          attributes,
          item.getIndex());
    }
  
  }
  