code: // Licensed to the Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) under one
  // or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
  // distributed with this work for additional information
  // regarding copyright ownership.  The SFC licenses this file
  // to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
  // "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
  // with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
  //
  //   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  //
  // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
  // software distributed under the License is distributed on an
  // "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
  // KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
  // specific language governing permissions and limitations
  // under the License.
  
  package org.openqa.selenium;
  
  import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
  import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatExceptionOfType;
  import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assumptions.assumeFalse;
  import static org.openqa.selenium.Platform.ANDROID;
  import static org.openqa.selenium.WaitingConditions.elementTextToEqual;
  import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.not;
  import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.visibilityOf;
  import static org.openqa.selenium.testing.drivers.Browser.HTMLUNIT;
  import static org.openqa.selenium.testing.drivers.Browser.SAFARI;
  
  import java.io.File;
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
  import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
  import java.nio.file.Files;
  import java.util.Arrays;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.stream.Collectors;
  import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
  import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
  import org.openqa.selenium.remote.CapabilityType;
  import org.openqa.selenium.testing.Ignore;
  import org.openqa.selenium.testing.JupiterTestBase;
  import org.openqa.selenium.testing.NeedsFreshDriver;
  import org.openqa.selenium.testing.NoDriverAfterTest;
  import org.openqa.selenium.testing.NoDriverBeforeTest;
  import org.openqa.selenium.testing.NotYetImplemented;
  import org.openqa.selenium.testing.SwitchToTopAfterTest;
  import org.openqa.selenium.testing.TestUtilities;
  
  /** Demonstrates how to use WebDriver with a file input element. */
  class UploadTest extends JupiterTestBase {
  
    private static final String LOREM_IPSUM_TEXT = "lorem ipsum dolor sit amet";
    private static final String FILE_HTML = "<div>" + LOREM_IPSUM_TEXT + "</div>";
  
    private File testFile;
  
    @BeforeEach
    public void setUp() {
      testFile = createTmpFile(FILE_HTML);
    }
  
    @SwitchToTopAfterTest
    @Test
    @NotYetImplemented(value = SAFARI, reason = "Returns wrong text of the frame body")
    public void testFileUploading() {
      assumeFalse(
          TestUtilities.getEffectivePlatform(driver).is(ANDROID),
          "This test as written assumes a file on local disk is accessible to the browser. "
              + "That is not true for browsers on mobile platforms.");
      driver.get(pages.uploadPage);
      driver.findElement(By.id("upload")).sendKeys(testFile.getAbsolutePath());
      driver.findElement(By.id("go")).click();
  
      // Uploading files across a network may take a while, even if they're tiny
      WebElement label = driver.findElement(By.id("upload_label"));
      wait.until(not(visibilityOf(label)));
  
      driver.switchTo().frame("upload_target");
  
      WebElement body = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//body"));
      wait.until(elementTextToEqual(body, LOREM_IPSUM_TEXT));
    }
  
    @SwitchToTopAfterTest
    @Test
    @NotYetImplemented(value = SAFARI, reason = "Returns wrong text of the frame body")
    public void testMultipleFileUploading() {
      List<String> multiContent = Arrays.asList(LOREM_IPSUM_TEXT, LOREM_IPSUM_TEXT, LOREM_IPSUM_TEXT);
      String fileNames =
          multiContent.stream()
              .map(text -> "<div>" + text + "</div>")
              .map(this::createTmpFile)
              .map(File::getAbsolutePath)
              .collect(Collectors.joining("\n"));
      assumeFalse(
          TestUtilities.getEffectivePlatform(driver).is(ANDROID),
          "This test as written assumes a file on local disk is accessible to the browser. "
              + "That is not true for browsers on mobile platforms.");
      driver.get(pages.uploadPage);
      driver.findElement(By.id("upload")).sendKeys(fileNames);
      driver.findElement(By.id("go")).click();
  
      // Uploading files across a network may take a while, even if they're tiny
      WebElement label = driver.findElement(By.id("upload_label"));
      wait.until(not(visibilityOf(label)));
  
      driver.switchTo().frame("upload_target");
  
      WebElement body = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//body"));
      wait.until(elementTextToEqual(body, String.join("\n", multiContent)));
    }
  
    @Test
    void testCleanFileInput() {
      driver.get(pages.uploadPage);
      WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("upload"));
      element.sendKeys(testFile.getAbsolutePath());
      element.clear();
      assertThat(element.getAttribute("value")).isEmpty();
    }
  
    @Test
    @Ignore(HTMLUNIT)
    public void testClickFileInput() {
      driver.get(pages.uploadPage);
      WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("upload"));
      assertThatExceptionOfType(InvalidArgumentException.class).isThrownBy(element::click);
    }
  
    @Test
    @Ignore(value = SAFARI, reason = "Hangs forever in sendKeys")
    public void testUploadingWithHiddenFileInput() {
      driver.get(appServer.whereIs("upload_hidden.html"));
      driver.findElement(By.id("upload")).sendKeys(testFile.getAbsolutePath());
      driver.findElement(By.id("go")).click();
  
      // Uploading files across a network may take a while, even if they're tiny
      WebElement label = driver.findElement(By.id("upload_label"));
      wait.until(not(visibilityOf(label)));
  
      driver.switchTo().frame("upload_target");
  
      WebElement body = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//body"));
      wait.until(elementTextToEqual(body, LOREM_IPSUM_TEXT));
    }
  
    @Test
    @Ignore(value = SAFARI, reason = "Hangs forever in sendKeys")
    @Ignore(HTMLUNIT)
    @NeedsFreshDriver
    public void testUploadingWithInvisibleFileInput() {
      driver.get(appServer.whereIs("upload_invisible.html"));
      driver.findElement(By.id("upload")).sendKeys(testFile.getAbsolutePath());
      driver.findElement(By.id("go")).click();
  
      // Uploading files across a network may take a while, even if they're tiny
      WebElement label = driver.findElement(By.id("upload_label"));
      wait.until(not(visibilityOf(label)));
  
      driver.switchTo().frame("upload_target");
  
      WebElement body = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//body"));
      wait.until(elementTextToEqual(body, LOREM_IPSUM_TEXT));
    }
  
    @Test
    @Ignore(HTMLUNIT)
    @NoDriverBeforeTest
    @NoDriverAfterTest
    public void testUploadingWithInvisibleFileInputWhenStrictFileInteractabilityIsOn() {
      createNewDriver(new ImmutableCapabilities(CapabilityType.STRICT_FILE_INTERACTABILITY, true));
  
      driver.get(appServer.whereIs("upload_invisible.html"));
      WebElement input = driver.findElement(By.id("upload"));
      System.out.println(input.isDisplayed());
  
      assertThatExceptionOfType(ElementNotInteractableException.class)
          .isThrownBy(() -> input.sendKeys(testFile.getAbsolutePath()));
    }
  
    private File createTmpFile(String content) {
      try {
        File f = File.createTempFile("webdriver", "tmp");
        f.deleteOnExit();
        Files.write(f.toPath(), content.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        return f;
      } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
      }
    }
  }
  