code: // Licensed to the Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) under one
  // or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
  // distributed with this work for additional information
  // regarding copyright ownership.  The SFC licenses this file
  // to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
  // "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
  // with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
  //
  //   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  //
  // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
  // software distributed under the License is distributed on an
  // "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
  // KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
  // specific language governing permissions and limitations
  // under the License.
  
  package org.openqa.selenium;
  
  import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
  import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThatExceptionOfType;
  import static org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.ExpectedConditions.stalenessOf;
  import static org.openqa.selenium.testing.drivers.Browser.SAFARI;
  
  import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
  import org.openqa.selenium.testing.JupiterTestBase;
  import org.openqa.selenium.testing.NotYetImplemented;
  
  class StaleElementReferenceTest extends JupiterTestBase {
  
    @Test
    void testOldPage() {
      driver.get(pages.simpleTestPage);
      WebElement elem = driver.findElement(By.id("links"));
      driver.get(pages.xhtmlTestPage);
      assertThatExceptionOfType(StaleElementReferenceException.class).isThrownBy(elem::click);
    }
  
    @Test
    @NotYetImplemented(SAFARI)
    public void testShouldNotCrashWhenCallingGetSizeOnAnObsoleteElement() {
      driver.get(pages.simpleTestPage);
      WebElement elem = driver.findElement(By.id("links"));
      driver.get(pages.xhtmlTestPage);
      assertThatExceptionOfType(StaleElementReferenceException.class).isThrownBy(elem::getSize);
    }
  
    @Test
    @NotYetImplemented(SAFARI)
    public void testShouldNotCrashWhenQueryingTheAttributeOfAStaleElement() {
      driver.get(pages.xhtmlTestPage);
      WebElement heading = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//h1"));
      driver.get(pages.simpleTestPage);
      assertThatExceptionOfType(StaleElementReferenceException.class)
          .isThrownBy(() -> heading.getAttribute("class"));
    }
  
    @Test
    @NotYetImplemented(SAFARI)
    public void testRemovingAnElementDynamicallyFromTheDomShouldCauseAStaleRefException() {
      driver.get(pages.javascriptPage);
  
      WebElement toBeDeleted = driver.findElement(By.id("deleted"));
      assertThat(toBeDeleted.isDisplayed()).isTrue();
  
      driver.findElement(By.id("delete")).click();
  
      boolean wasStale = wait.until(stalenessOf(toBeDeleted));
      assertThat(wasStale).isTrue();
    }
  }
  