code: // Licensed to the Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC) under one
  // or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
  // distributed with this work for additional information
  // regarding copyright ownership.  The SFC licenses this file
  // to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
  // "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
  // with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
  //
  //   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  //
  // Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
  // software distributed under the License is distributed on an
  // "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
  // KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
  // specific language governing permissions and limitations
  // under the License.
  
  package org.openqa.selenium.remote.http;
  
  import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
  import static java.util.Collections.singletonList;
  import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
  import static org.assertj.core.api.Fail.fail;
  import static org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Contents.bytes;
  import static org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.Contents.utf8String;
  import static org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.HttpMethod.GET;
  
  import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
  import com.google.common.net.MediaType;
  import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
  import java.net.URLEncoder;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Arrays;
  import java.util.Iterator;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.Optional;
  import org.junit.jupiter.api.Tag;
  import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
  
  @Tag("UnitTests")
  class FormEncodedDataTest {
  
    @Test
    void shouldRequireCorrectContentType() {
      HttpRequest request = createRequest("key", "value").removeHeader("Content-Type");
      Optional<Map<String, List<String>>> data = FormEncodedData.getData(request);
  
      assertThat(data).isNotPresent();
    }
  
    @Test
    void canReadASinglePairOfValues() {
      HttpRequest request = createRequest("key", "value");
  
      Optional<Map<String, List<String>>> data = FormEncodedData.getData(request);
  
      assertThat(data.get()).isEqualTo(ImmutableMap.of("key", singletonList("value")));
    }
  
    @Test
    void canReadTwoValues() {
      HttpRequest request = createRequest("key", "value", "foo", "bar");
  
      Optional<Map<String, List<String>>> data = FormEncodedData.getData(request);
  
      assertThat(data.get())
          .isEqualTo(ImmutableMap.of("key", singletonList("value"), "foo", singletonList("bar")));
    }
  
    @Test
    void shouldSetEmptyValuesToTheEmptyString() {
      HttpRequest request = createRequest("key", null);
  
      Optional<Map<String, List<String>>> data = FormEncodedData.getData(request);
  
      assertThat(data.get()).isEqualTo(ImmutableMap.of("key", singletonList("")));
    }
  
    @Test
    void shouldDecodeParameterNames() {
      HttpRequest request = createRequest("%foo%", "value");
  
      Optional<Map<String, List<String>>> data = FormEncodedData.getData(request);
  
      assertThat(data.get()).isEqualTo(ImmutableMap.of("%foo%", singletonList("value")));
    }
  
    @Test
    void shouldDecodeParameterValues() {
      HttpRequest request = createRequest("key", "%bar%");
  
      Optional<Map<String, List<String>>> data = FormEncodedData.getData(request);
  
      assertThat(data.get()).isEqualTo(ImmutableMap.of("key", singletonList("%bar%")));
    }
  
    @Test
    void shouldCollectMultipleValuesForTheSameParameterNamePreservingOrder() {
      HttpRequest request = createRequest("foo", "bar", "foo", "baz");
  
      Optional<Map<String, List<String>>> data = FormEncodedData.getData(request);
  
      assertThat(data.get()).isEqualTo(ImmutableMap.of("foo", Arrays.asList("bar", "baz")));
    }
  
    @Test
    void aSingleParameterNameIsEnough() {
      HttpRequest request =
          new HttpRequest(GET, "/example")
              .addHeader("Content-Type", MediaType.FORM_DATA.toString())
              .setContent(bytes("param".getBytes()));
  
      Optional<Map<String, List<String>>> data = FormEncodedData.getData(request);
  
      assertThat(data.get()).isEqualTo(ImmutableMap.of("param", singletonList("")));
    }
  
    private HttpRequest createRequest(String key, String value, String... others) {
      if (others.length % 2 != 0) {
        fail("Other parameters must be of even length");
      }
  
      List<String> allStrings = new ArrayList<>();
      allStrings.add(key);
      allStrings.add(value);
      allStrings.addAll(Arrays.asList(others));
  
      StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();
      Iterator<String> iterator = allStrings.iterator();
      boolean isFirst = true;
      while (iterator.hasNext()) {
        if (!isFirst) {
          content.append("&");
        }
        try {
          content.append(URLEncoder.encode(iterator.next(), UTF_8.toString()));
  
          String next = iterator.next();
          if (next != null) {
            content.append("=").append(URLEncoder.encode(next, UTF_8.toString()));
          }
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
          fail(e.getMessage());
        }
        if (isFirst) {
          isFirst = false;
        }
      }
  
      return new HttpRequest(GET, "/foo")
          .addHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8")
          .setContent(utf8String(content.toString()));
    }
  }
  