code: package io.ray.serve.util;
  
  import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
  import java.lang.reflect.Executable;
  import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
  import java.lang.reflect.Method;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.function.Function;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.ArrayUtils;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
  
  /** Tool class for reflection. */
  public class ReflectUtil {
  
    /**
     * Get types of the parameters in input array, and make the types into a new array.
     *
     * @param parameters The input parameter array
     * @return Type array corresponding to the input parameter array
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
    private static Class[] getParameterTypes(Object[] parameters) {
      Class[] parameterTypes = null;
      if (ArrayUtils.isEmpty(parameters)) {
        return null;
      }
      parameterTypes = new Class[parameters.length];
      for (int i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {
        parameterTypes[i] = parameters[i].getClass();
      }
      return parameterTypes;
    }
  
    /**
     * Get a constructor whose each parameter's type is the most closed to the corresponding input
     * parameter in terms of Java inheritance system, while {@link Class#getConstructor(Class...)}
     * returns the one based on class's equal.
     *
     * @param targetClass the constructor's class
     * @param parameters the input parameters
     * @return a matching constructor of the target class
     * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
    public static Constructor getConstructor(Class targetClass, Object... parameters)
        throws NoSuchMethodException {
      return reflect(
          targetClass.getConstructors(), (candidate) -> true, ".<init>", targetClass, parameters);
    }
  
    /**
     * Get a method whose each parameter's type is the most closed to the corresponding input
     * parameter in terms of Java inheritance system, while {@link Class#getMethod(String, Class...)}
     * returns the one based on class's equal.
     *
     * @param targetClass the constructor's class
     * @param name the specified method's name
     * @param parameters the input parameters
     * @return a matching method of the target class
     * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
    public static Method getMethod(Class targetClass, String name, Object... parameters)
        throws NoSuchMethodException {
      return reflect(
          targetClass.getMethods(),
          (candidate) -> StringUtils.equals(name, candidate.getName()),
          "." + name,
          targetClass,
          parameters);
    }
  
    /**
     * Get an object of {@link Executable} of the specified class according to initialization
     * parameters. The result's every parameter's type is the same as, or is a subclass or
     * subinterface of, the type of the corresponding input parameter. This method returns the result
     * whose each parameter's type is the most closed to the corresponding input parameter in terms of
     * Java inheritance system.
     *
     * @param <T> the type of result which extends {@link Executable}
     * @param candidates a set of candidates
     * @param filter the filter deciding whether to select the input candidate
     * @param message a message representing the target executable object
     * @param targetClass the constructor's class
     * @param parameters the input parameters
     * @return a matching executable of the target class
     * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
    private static <T extends Executable> T reflect(
        T[] candidates,
        Function<T, Boolean> filter,
        String message,
        Class targetClass,
        Object... parameters)
        throws NoSuchMethodException {
      Class[] parameterTypes = getParameterTypes(parameters);
      T result = null;
      for (int i = 0; i < candidates.length; i++) {
        T candidate = candidates[i];
        if (filter.apply(candidate)
            && assignable(parameterTypes, candidate.getParameterTypes())
            && (result == null
                || assignable(candidate.getParameterTypes(), result.getParameterTypes()))) {
          result = candidate;
        }
      }
      if (result == null) {
        throw new NoSuchMethodException(
            targetClass.getName() + message + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
      }
      return result;
    }
  
    @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})
    private static boolean assignable(Class[] from, Class[] to) {
      if (from == null) {
        return to == null || to.length == 0;
      }
  
      if (to == null) {
        return from.length == 0;
      }
  
      if (from.length != to.length) {
        return false;
      }
  
      for (int i = 0; i < from.length; i++) {
        if (!to[i].isAssignableFrom(from[i])) {
          return false;
        }
      }
  
      return true;
    }
  
    /**
     * It is copied from {@link Class#argumentTypesToString(Class[])}.
     *
     * @param argTypes array of Class object
     * @return Formatted string of the input Class array.
     */
    private static String argumentTypesToString(Class<?>[] argTypes) {
      StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
      buf.append("(");
      if (argTypes != null) {
        for (int i = 0; i < argTypes.length; i++) {
          if (i > 0) {
            buf.append(", ");
          }
          Class<?> c = argTypes[i];
          buf.append((c == null) ? "null" : c.getName());
        }
      }
      buf.append(")");
      return buf.toString();
    }
  
    /**
     * Get a string representing the specified class's all methods.
     *
     * @param targetClass the input class
     * @return the formatted string of the specified class's all methods.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
    public static List<String> getMethodStrings(Class targetClass) {
      if (targetClass == null) {
        return null;
      }
      Method[] methods = targetClass.getMethods();
      if (methods == null || methods.length == 0) {
        return null;
      }
      List<String> methodStrings = new ArrayList<>();
      for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {
        methodStrings.add(methods[i].toString());
      }
      return methodStrings;
    }
  
    @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
    public static <T> List<T> getInstancesByClassNames(String classNames, Class<T> cls)
        throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException,
            IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException,
            SecurityException {
      String[] classNameArray = StringUtils.split(classNames, ";");
      List<T> isntances = new ArrayList<>();
      for (String className : classNameArray) {
        isntances.add((T) Class.forName(className).getConstructor().newInstance());
      }
      return isntances;
    }
  }
  