def METHOD_NAME(elem, loader, base_url, max_depth, _parent_hrefs):
    # look for xinclude elements
    i = 0
    while i < len(elem):
        e = elem[i]
        if e.tag == XINCLUDE_INCLUDE:
            # process xinclude directive
            href = e.get("href")
            if base_url:
                href = urljoin(base_url, href)
            parse = e.get("parse", "xml")
            if parse == "xml":
                if href in _parent_hrefs:
                    raise FatalIncludeError("recursive include of %s" % href)
                if max_depth == 0:
                    raise LimitedRecursiveIncludeError(
                        "maximum xinclude depth reached when including file %s" % href)
                _parent_hrefs.add(href)
                node = loader(href, parse)
                if node is None:
                    raise FatalIncludeError(
                        "cannot load %r as %r" % (href, parse)
                        )
                node = copy.copy(node)  # FIXME: this makes little sense with recursive includes
                METHOD_NAME(node, loader, href, max_depth - 1, _parent_hrefs)
                _parent_hrefs.remove(href)
                if e.tail:
                    node.tail = (node.tail or "") + e.tail
                elem[i] = node
            elif parse == "text":
                text = loader(href, parse, e.get("encoding"))
                if text is None:
                    raise FatalIncludeError(
                        "cannot load %r as %r" % (href, parse)
                        )
                if e.tail:
                    text += e.tail
                if i:
                    node = elem[i-1]
                    node.tail = (node.tail or "") + text
                else:
                    elem.text = (elem.text or "") + text
                del elem[i]
                continue
            else:
                raise FatalIncludeError(
                    "unknown parse type in xi:include tag (%r)" % parse
                )
        elif e.tag == XINCLUDE_FALLBACK:
            raise FatalIncludeError(
                "xi:fallback tag must be child of xi:include (%r)" % e.tag
                )
        else:
            METHOD_NAME(e, loader, base_url, max_depth, _parent_hrefs)
        i += 1