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d6d52890_ck_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rtilage_is_located_at_the_TMJ_
[Fibrocartilage] plans voluntary eye movement not dependent on visual stimuli. Participates in fast saccadic eye movements, movement on command, movements in which eyes are searching for an object to fix on.
What are the Motor eye fields involved in?
[]
Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com
What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Control of eye movements in response to visual stimuli. Participates in tracking an ongoing motion. Occipital cortex also participates in vergence
What are the occipital cortex and superior colliculus involved with?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Vestibulo-ocular reflexes
What helps coordinate contractions of the neck musculature with the movements of the eyes?
[]
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[Fibrocartilage] Slide 40 in lecture
What are the parts of the external ear?
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[Fibrocartilage] Pharyngeotympanic, and eustacian tubes
What are two additional names for the auditory tube?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Levator and tensor palate
What 2 muscles act on the auditory tube?
[]
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[Fibrocartilage] Chorda tympani
What nerve runs on the surface of the malleus?
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[Fibrocartilage] Roof: tegmen tympani, floor: separates tympanic cavity from internal jugular: lateral wall: Tympanic membrane: Medial(laryrinthine) wall: initial turn of cochlea, oval and round windows, Anterior(carotid) wall: separates tympanic cavity from carotid canal, posterior: opening into mastoid antrum.
What are the borders of the middle ear?
[]
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[Fibrocartilage] CT that form continuous bands that surround structures within the head and neck
What is the fascia?
[]
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Potential spaces which can be areas that infections or cancer can spread.
What are formed between fascial layers and why are they important?
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[Fibrocartilage] Superficial and deep
What are the two divisions of fascia in the head and neck?
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[Fibrocartilage] The superficial fascia AKA tela subutanea, the platysma is also in this layer.
Which fascia contains the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus?
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[Fibrocartilage] That of the pectoral and deltoid regions
What other fascia is the superficial fascia continuous with inferiorly?
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[Fibrocartilage] Muscles of facial expression and the nerves and vessels associated with them.
Superiorly what does the superficial fascia surround?
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[Fibrocartilage] Anterior and posterior triangles of the neck surrounds the muscles forming the borders of these triangles and the trapezius
Which fascia covers these structures?
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d6d52890_ck_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rtilage_is_located_at_the_TMJ_
[Fibrocartilage] Investing fascia, Pretracheal fascia, prevertebral, alar fascia, carotid sheath
What are the deep cervical fascias?
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d6d52890_ck_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rtilage_is_located_at_the_TMJ_
[Fibrocartilage] (AKA visceral fascia) Majority of the viscera of the neck – thyroid glands, larynx, trachea, pharynx and esophagus. Bblends with the posterior layers of the investing fascia and covers the infrahyoid muscles
What does the pretracheal fascia surround?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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d6d52890_ck_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rtilage_is_located_at_the_TMJ_
[Fibrocartilage] Prevertebral also surrounds the vertebral column itself
Which fascia encases the posterior aspect of the esophagus surrounds the scalene muscles, deep muscles of the back, nerves of the brachial plexus?
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[Fibrocartilage] The Alar fascia it extends from tip of transverse process of the vertebrae from side to side and is continuous upward from infrahyoid region to base of the skull.
Which fascia is a derivative of the vertebral fascia?
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[Fibrocartilage] Investing, alar, and pervertebral
The carotid sheath is composed of outcroppings of what 3 fascias?
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[Fibrocartilage] Common carotid, internal and external carotid arteries, ingernal jugular vein, vagus nerve and sympathetic fibers
What does the carotid sheath enclose?
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d6d52890_ck_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rtilage_is_located_at_the_TMJ_
[Fibrocartilage] Pretracheal space, retropharyngeal space, parapharyngeal space, prevertebral space
What are the fascial spaces of the neck?
[]
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[Fibrocartilage] The prevertebral space
Which space is known as danger space #4?
[]
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[Fibrocartilage] Between the trachea and esophagus. Superior border is the attachment is where the infrahyoid muscles attach to the hyoid bone and the inferiorly it extends into the thoracic cavity.
Where is the pretracheal space located?
[]
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Anterior: superior constrictor and buccopharyngeal fascia, Posterior: alar fascia, Superior: skull, Inferior mediastinum, Lateral: slip of fascia extending poteriorly from the carotid sheath, Medial: pharyngeal fascia
What are the borders of the retropharyngeal space?
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[Fibrocartilage] They can spread to the mediastinum.
Why are infections in the retropharyngeal space so dangerous?
[]
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Parapharyngeal space
Which area contains the contents of the carotid sheath and deep cervical chain of lymph nodes?
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[Fibrocartilage] Primarily to the retropharyngeal space
Where do infections from the parapharyngeal space(lateral pharyngeal space) travel to?
[]
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[Fibrocartilage] Alar anteriorly and prevertebral posteriorly
Danger space #4 lies between which two fascias?
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[Fibrocartilage] Facial vestibule of the mandible, space of body of mandible, mentalis space, buccal space, parotid space, submandibular space, sublingual region, masticator region, infraorbital area, periorbital area and base of upper lip
What are the fascial spaces located in the head and face?
[]
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[Fibrocartilage] Superficial temporal space, Deep temporal space, pterygomandibular space, submasseteric space
What fascial spaces are included in the masticator region?
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[Fibrocartilage] Abscesses superficial to the bone
From where to infections in the facial vestibule spread from?
[]
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[Fibrocartilage] To the buccal space
Where do facial vestibule infections spread?
[]
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[Fibrocartilage] Sublingual, submental, buccal, mentalis, facial vestibule, and submandibular spaces
Where do infections in the body of the mandible spread to?
[]
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[Fibrocartilage] The 4 mandibular incisors
Where do infections in the mentalis space originate?
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[Fibrocartilage] To the submental and submandibular spaces
Where do infections of the mentalis space spread to?
[]
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[Fibrocartilage] Maxillary or mandibular molars and from the pterygomandibular space, submasseteric space, deep and superficial temoral spaces, and the lateral pharyngeal space
Where do infections in the buccal space travel from?
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[Fibrocartilage] The location of the attachment buccinators in relation to the roots of the maxillary molars. Attachment above the root spread to vestibule common in kids. Attachment below the root spread is to the buccal space common in adults
What is the spread of infection from the buccal space dependent upon?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Parotid space infections
Infections in which space are not normally of odontogenic origin?
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[Fibrocartilage] Skin, subcutaneous fascia, parapharyngeal and depp temporal spaces.
Where do parotid space infections spread to?
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[Fibrocartilage] Superficial cutaneous spaces, sublingual region and the masticator region.
The submandibular space shows a possible continuity with which other spaces?
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[Fibrocartilage] Molars which have roots below the mylohyoid muscle 3rd, 2nd, and one root of the 1st molars
Submandibular infections originate in which teeth?
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[Fibrocartilage] The myllohyoid line
What is the separating line for the submandibular and sublingual spaces?
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[Fibrocartilage] The sublingual region
In which region/space is the submandibular gland located?
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[Fibrocartilage] Mandibular teeth with roots above the mylohyoid
Which teeth are the origin of infections in the sublingual space?
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[Fibrocartilage] 1. Via foramen ovale 2. Veins passing through the inferior orbital fissure
How is the masticator region possible continuous with 1. The cavernous sinus and 2 the orbit ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Ptyergomandibular, submasseteric and parapharyngeal spaces
To which spaces to infections in the superficial temporal space spread?
[]
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] The superficial temporal space.
Which space has a similar pattern of spread to the deep temporal space?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] 2nd and 3rd molars
In which teeth do infections in the pterygomandibular space originate?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Temporal spaces, parapharyngeal, buccal, submasseteric, infratemporal, and submandibular
To which spaces do pterygomandibular space infections travel?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Submasseteric space
Which potential space is even more of a potential space than the others?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Impacted 3rd molars
What is the origin of infections in the submasseteric space?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Muscle is less dense in this area.
What allows for an infection in the submasseteric space to cause detachment of the masseter from the ramus?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00216-ip-10-236-191-2_369247495_0.json
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[Fibrocartilage] Temporal spaces and buccal space
Where to infections in the submasseteric space travel to?
[]
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Retropharyngeal region
To which space will the tonsillar region send and receive infections?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Max canines and 1st molars
What is the source of infections in the infraorbital area?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Infection can spread to the cavernous sinus. Rarely infection will spread to the periorbital area
What is the main reason for concern with infraorbital infections?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Pterygoid plexus, inferior ophthalmic and superior ophthalmic veins
Which vein branches connect the face with the cavernous sinus?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] A cavernous sinus thrombosis
What can an infection in the cavernous sinus cause?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Between the muscles of the upper lip
Since the base of the upper lip really isn’t a fascial space where do infections that spread to this area reside?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Maxillary molars, base of upper lipand then to the infraorbital and periorbital areas to the cavernous sinus
What is the pattern of spread for upper lip infections?
[]
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] The noxious stimulus originating from the sensory receptor which travels in the primary sensory neuron.
What is Nociception?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Pain (the perception of unpleasant sensation) is sensed in the cerebral cortex.
Where is Pain perceived?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] It usually is but pain can occur with out it
Is pain always in response to a Nociceptive impulse?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Suffering
What describes how an individual reacts to the perception of pain?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] The actions and verbal responses that communicate the extent of suffering to others.
How is pain behavior characterized?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Primary and Heterotrophic. Primary pain is sensed at the site of injury. With heterotrophic pain the site of sensation and the site of injury are separate.
What are the 2 types of pain and how do they differ?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Central, projected, and referred pain
What are the 3 types of heterotrophic pain?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Tumors and other defects in the CNS which can cause pain in the face, neck and shoulders
What is a common cause of central pain?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Nausea, Muscle weakness, numbness and problems with balance.
What symptoms can accompany central pain associated with a CNS tumor?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Projected pain(other examples include pain from slipped discs)
Sciatica is an example of which type of heterotrophic pain?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Pain associated with the peripheral distribution of a nerve root that has been damaged
How is projected pain defined?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00216-ip-10-236-191-2_369247495_0.json
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[Fibrocartilage] Referred pain is not felt in the involved nerve but in other branches of that nerve or in entirely different branches
How is referred pain different than projected pain?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Heart attack pain, cutting tip of finger and feeling it in your palm.
What are two examples of referred pain?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00216-ip-10-236-191-2_369247495_0.json
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[Fibrocartilage] (Thought it was time for a confidence booster) White
What color was George Washington’s white horse?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] From the sternum toward the mandibular symphisis
To what area of the face can angina be referred to?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Trigeminal Neuralgia, Geniculate Neuralgia, Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia, Occipital Neuralgia, Postherpetic Neuralgia, Parry-Romberg Syndrome.
What are the names of the 5 facial neuralgias and related disorders discussed in lecture?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Trigeminal Neuralgia
What is another name for Tic Douloureux?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Unilateral spasmodic excruciation pain normally a couple of seconds in duration but can last upwards of 15 minutes or more.
How is Trigeminal Neuralgia defined?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] People >50 yrs
Who most frequently gets trigeminal neuralgia?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] One or more divisions of CN V Usually V2 and V3
Which nerve is Tic Douloureux associated with?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Touching the face, brushing teeth, shaving, drinking, chewing or moving a portion of the face.
What triggers pain associated with Trigeminal Neuralgia?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Trigeminal neuralgia this may lead you to ascribe dental cause rather than neuralgia
For which neuralgia can trigger zones be blocked by local anesthetic?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] An aberrant branch of the middle meningeal artery compressing the trigeminal ganglion
An unnamed important study attributed what to the cause of trigeminal neuralgia?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Focal demyelination caused by pressure on CN V and its branches
What type of nerve damage is seen in trigeminal neuralgia?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Recognize pain is trigeminal neuralgia and not something associated with the dentition. Avoid unneeded dental treatment.
What are the dental considerations for trigeminal neuralgia?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] MS, Tumors, Lyme disease, Atypical facial pain (Dr. Zoller seemed to like Lyme disease and MS the most)
What diseases imitate trigeminal neuralgia?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Psychological counseling, Medication, Surgery, Alternative treatments (acupuncture not marijuana)
What treatment types are available for those with trigeminal neuralgia?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Association fibers travel from the post central gyrus to the pre-frontal cortex
Why might trigeminal neuralgia cause personality and behavioral changes?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Anticonvulsants, Antispastics,, Tricyclic Antidepressants
What types of medications are used to treat Neuralgias?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] GammaKnige radiosurgery, Percutaneous needle rhizotomy, balloon compression, sectioning of CN V branches, Removal or redirection of source of compression
What surgical techniques are available to treat trigeminal neuralgia?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Percutaneous needle rhizotomy (glycerol is deposited around the trigeminal ganglion causing localized damage.
Which surgery option is characterized by inserting a needle under local anesthesia many times through the foramen ovale?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Most experience relief but damage is not total and pain may recur necessitation repetition of procedure
How effective is percutaneous needle rhizotomy?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Under general anesthesia, a larger needle with a balloon is inserted, balloon is inflated to compress and mechanically injure CN V root and ganglion
How is balloon compression performed?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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[Fibrocartilage] Balloon Compression
Pain associated with V1 is effectively treated using which method?
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What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
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49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00216-ip-10-236-191-2_369247495_0.json
d6d52890_ck_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rtilage_is_located_at_the_TMJ_
[Fibrocartilage] Small chance of permanent loss of sensation to the cornea, Temporary weakness of the muscles of mastication, facial numbness is more severe than with glycerol rhizotomy.
What are side effects of balloon compression?
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Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com
What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/head-and-neck-final-1731455
49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00216-ip-10-236-191-2_369247495_0.json
d6d52890_ck_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rtilage_is_located_at_the_TMJ_
[Fibrocartilage] Why?
What is another name for Geniculate neuralgia?
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Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com
What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/head-and-neck-final-1731455
49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00216-ip-10-236-191-2_369247495_0.json
d6d52890_ck_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rtilage_is_located_at_the_TMJ_
[Fibrocartilage] Compression of the nerve a few mm lateral to exit from pons
What is the probable etiology of geniculate neuralgia?
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Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com
What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/head-and-neck-final-1731455
49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00216-ip-10-236-191-2_369247495_0.json
d6d52890_ck_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rtilage_is_located_at_the_TMJ_
[Fibrocartilage] Herpes zoster
Which virus causes/precedes geniculate neuralgia?
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Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com
What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/head-and-neck-final-1731455
49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00216-ip-10-236-191-2_369247495_0.json
d6d52890_ck_Final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rtilage_is_located_at_the_TMJ_
[Fibrocartilage] Geniculate neuralgia
Vesicular eruptions on eardrum and external canal proceed with neuralgia by 1-2 days?
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Head and Neck Final Flashcards - Cram.com
What kind of cartilage is located at the TMJ?
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/head-and-neck-final-1731455
49/1438042986615.83_20150728002306-00216-ip-10-236-191-2_369247495_0.json