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wiki20220301en020_103827	Ray Whitney (politician)	Whitney stepped down at the 2001 general election, and was succeeded by Paul Goodman. References External links 1930 births 2012 deaths People educated at Wellingborough School Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst British diplomats Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies Officers of the Order of the British Empire Knights Bachelor Civil servants in the Foreign Office UK MPs 1974–1979 UK MPs 1979–1983 UK MPs 1983–1987 UK MPs 1987–1992 UK MPs 1992–1997 UK MPs 1997–2001 Politicians awarded knighthoods Information Research Department	Ray Whitney (politician). Whitney stepped down at the 2001 general election, and was succeeded by Paul Goodman. References External links 1930 births 2012 deaths People educated at Wellingborough School Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst British diplomats Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies Officers of the Order of the British Empire Knights Bachelor Civil servants in the Foreign Office UK MPs 1974–1979 UK MPs 1979–1983 UK MPs 1983–1987 UK MPs 1987–1992 UK MPs 1992–1997 UK MPs 1997–2001 Politicians awarded knighthoods Information Research Department	524155
wiki20220301en020_103828	KZN	KZN may refer to: KwaZulu-Natal, a province of South Africa Kantonsschule Zürich Nord, a school in Switzerland Kazan International Airport, Tatarstan, Russia (IATA code: KZN) KSL (radio network), Utah, United States (original call sign: KZN)	KZN. KZN may refer to: KwaZulu-Natal, a province of South Africa Kantonsschule Zürich Nord, a school in Switzerland Kazan International Airport, Tatarstan, Russia (IATA code: KZN) KSL (radio network), Utah, United States (original call sign: KZN)	524159
wiki20220301en020_103829	Suicide note	A suicide note or death note is a message left behind by a person who dies or intends to die by suicide. A study examining Japanese suicide notes estimated that 25–30% of suicides are accompanied by a note. However, incidence rates may depend on ethnicity and cultural differences, and may reach rates as high as 50% in certain demographics. A suicide message can be in any form or medium, but the most common methods are by a written note, an audio message, or a video. Reasons Some fields of study, such as sociology, psychiatry and graphology, have investigated the reasons why people who complete or attempt suicide leave a note.	Suicide note. A suicide note or death note is a message left behind by a person who dies or intends to die by suicide. A study examining Japanese suicide notes estimated that 25–30% of suicides are accompanied by a note. However, incidence rates may depend on ethnicity and cultural differences, and may reach rates as high as 50% in certain demographics. A suicide message can be in any form or medium, but the most common methods are by a written note, an audio message, or a video. Reasons Some fields of study, such as sociology, psychiatry and graphology, have investigated the reasons why people who complete or attempt suicide leave a note.	524165
wiki20220301en020_103830	Suicide note	Reasons Some fields of study, such as sociology, psychiatry and graphology, have investigated the reasons why people who complete or attempt suicide leave a note. The most common reasons that people contemplating suicide choose to write a suicide note include one or more of the following: To ease the pain of those known to the victim by attempting to dissipate guilt. To increase the pain of survivors by attempting to create guilt. To set out the reason(s) for suicide. To express thoughts and feelings that the person felt unable to express in life. To give instructions for disposal of the remains. Occasionally, to confess acts of murder or some other offence. Sometimes there is also a message in the case of murder-suicide, explaining the reason(s) for the murder(s), see for example, Marc Lépine's suicide statement and videotaped statements of the 7 July 2005 London bombers.	Suicide note. Reasons Some fields of study, such as sociology, psychiatry and graphology, have investigated the reasons why people who complete or attempt suicide leave a note. The most common reasons that people contemplating suicide choose to write a suicide note include one or more of the following: To ease the pain of those known to the victim by attempting to dissipate guilt. To increase the pain of survivors by attempting to create guilt. To set out the reason(s) for suicide. To express thoughts and feelings that the person felt unable to express in life. To give instructions for disposal of the remains. Occasionally, to confess acts of murder or some other offence. Sometimes there is also a message in the case of murder-suicide, explaining the reason(s) for the murder(s), see for example, Marc Lépine's suicide statement and videotaped statements of the 7 July 2005 London bombers.	524165
wiki20220301en020_103831	Suicide note	Notable people who left suicide notes Desmond Amofah (2019)—American Internet personality who was known by his online alias "Etika". Prior to his disappearance on June 19, 2019, Amofah published what would be his final YouTube video simply titled "I'm sorry", in which he apologized for his manic behavior in the months prior to the video, admitting to having mental health issues. Alluding to suicidal thoughts in the video, Amofah said, "I hope that my story maybe helps to make YouTube a better place in the future where people know boundaries and limits and how far things should go." He also commented, "I mean, hey, two wrongs don't make a right, you know..." Although YouTube removed the video for violating its Community Guidelines, Amofah's fans reposted the video on other outlets. Cheslie Kryst (2022)—American TV host, model and beauty queen from Miss USA 2019	Suicide note. Notable people who left suicide notes Desmond Amofah (2019)—American Internet personality who was known by his online alias "Etika". Prior to his disappearance on June 19, 2019, Amofah published what would be his final YouTube video simply titled "I'm sorry", in which he apologized for his manic behavior in the months prior to the video, admitting to having mental health issues. Alluding to suicidal thoughts in the video, Amofah said, "I hope that my story maybe helps to make YouTube a better place in the future where people know boundaries and limits and how far things should go." He also commented, "I mean, hey, two wrongs don't make a right, you know..." Although YouTube removed the video for violating its Community Guidelines, Amofah's fans reposted the video on other outlets. Cheslie Kryst (2022)—American TV host, model and beauty queen from Miss USA 2019	524165
wiki20220301en020_103832	Suicide note	Cheslie Kryst (2022)—American TV host, model and beauty queen from Miss USA 2019 Korechika Anami (1945)—"I - with my death—humbly apologize to the Emperor for the great crime." Historians are divided as to what crime he was referring. It is possibly a reference to his part in the aborted coup against the Emperor Hirohito in the hours following Japan's decision to surrender at the end of World War II. Roger Angleton (1997?)—Murderer of and brother-in-law of the famous bookmaker Doris Angleton. José Manuel Balmaceda (1891)—Chilean president. He wrote a lengthy political testament and committed suicide at the Argentine legation on his last day in office after the conservative opposition won the 1891 Civil War, rather than surrender to the new regime. J. Clifford Baxter (2002)—Enron Corporation executive. Clara Blandick (1962)—American film actress, most famous for playing Aunt Em in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. Her note began, "I am now about to make the great adventure".	Suicide note. Cheslie Kryst (2022)—American TV host, model and beauty queen from Miss USA 2019 Korechika Anami (1945)—"I - with my death—humbly apologize to the Emperor for the great crime." Historians are divided as to what crime he was referring. It is possibly a reference to his part in the aborted coup against the Emperor Hirohito in the hours following Japan's decision to surrender at the end of World War II. Roger Angleton (1997?)—Murderer of and brother-in-law of the famous bookmaker Doris Angleton. José Manuel Balmaceda (1891)—Chilean president. He wrote a lengthy political testament and committed suicide at the Argentine legation on his last day in office after the conservative opposition won the 1891 Civil War, rather than surrender to the new regime. J. Clifford Baxter (2002)—Enron Corporation executive. Clara Blandick (1962)—American film actress, most famous for playing Aunt Em in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. Her note began, "I am now about to make the great adventure".	524165
wiki20220301en020_103833	Suicide note	Clara Blandick (1962)—American film actress, most famous for playing Aunt Em in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. Her note began, "I am now about to make the great adventure". Eustace Budgell (1737)—English writer: "What Cato did, and Addison approved, cannot be wrong." Joseph Addison was Budgell's cousin. Kevin Carter—South African photojournalist. He wrote, "I'm really, really sorry. The pain of life overrides the joy to the point that joy does not exist... depressed... without phone... money for rent... money for child support... money for debts... money!!!... I am haunted by the vivid memories of killings & corpses & anger & pain... of starving or wounded children, of trigger-happy madmen, often police, of killer executioners... I have gone to join Ken if I am that lucky." Leslie Cheung—Hong Kong actor and musician who suffered from clinical depression.	Suicide note. Clara Blandick (1962)—American film actress, most famous for playing Aunt Em in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. Her note began, "I am now about to make the great adventure". Eustace Budgell (1737)—English writer: "What Cato did, and Addison approved, cannot be wrong." Joseph Addison was Budgell's cousin. Kevin Carter—South African photojournalist. He wrote, "I'm really, really sorry. The pain of life overrides the joy to the point that joy does not exist... depressed... without phone... money for rent... money for child support... money for debts... money!!!... I am haunted by the vivid memories of killings & corpses & anger & pain... of starving or wounded children, of trigger-happy madmen, often police, of killer executioners... I have gone to join Ken if I am that lucky." Leslie Cheung—Hong Kong actor and musician who suffered from clinical depression.	524165
wiki20220301en020_103834	Suicide note	Leslie Cheung—Hong Kong actor and musician who suffered from clinical depression. Eduardo Chibás—Cuban politician and radio celebrity, killed himself during the broadcast of his programme, making his speech during it a kind of oral suicidal note, protesting against the widespread corruption of the Batista dictatorship. Christine Chubbuck—American anchor of WWSB (then known as WXLT-TV) in Sarasota, Florida who committed suicide during a newscast. Kurt Cobain—Lead singer of Nirvana. The note is addressed to his childhood imaginary friend and gives his reasons for leaving Nirvana, followed by a message to his wife, Courtney Love, and to his daughter, Frances Bean Cobain. The note made reference to Freddie Mercury and quoted the line "It's better to burn out than to fade away" from the song "Hey Hey, My My" from Neil Young's album Rust Never Sleeps.	Suicide note. Leslie Cheung—Hong Kong actor and musician who suffered from clinical depression. Eduardo Chibás—Cuban politician and radio celebrity, killed himself during the broadcast of his programme, making his speech during it a kind of oral suicidal note, protesting against the widespread corruption of the Batista dictatorship. Christine Chubbuck—American anchor of WWSB (then known as WXLT-TV) in Sarasota, Florida who committed suicide during a newscast. Kurt Cobain—Lead singer of Nirvana. The note is addressed to his childhood imaginary friend and gives his reasons for leaving Nirvana, followed by a message to his wife, Courtney Love, and to his daughter, Frances Bean Cobain. The note made reference to Freddie Mercury and quoted the line "It's better to burn out than to fade away" from the song "Hey Hey, My My" from Neil Young's album Rust Never Sleeps.	524165
wiki20220301en020_103835	Suicide note	Ida Craddock—Facing prison in 1902 for sending through the U.S. Mail sexually explicit marriage manuals she had authored, Craddock penned a lengthy public suicide note to her readers condemning Anthony Comstock, sponsor of the Comstock Act under which she was convicted. Ian Curtis—Lead singer of Joy Division. In the early hours of 18 May 1980, Curtis hanged himself in the kitchen of his house at 77 Barton Street, Macclesfield. He had just viewed Werner Herzog's film Stroszek and listened to Iggy Pop's The Idiot.	Suicide note. Ida Craddock—Facing prison in 1902 for sending through the U.S. Mail sexually explicit marriage manuals she had authored, Craddock penned a lengthy public suicide note to her readers condemning Anthony Comstock, sponsor of the Comstock Act under which she was convicted. Ian Curtis—Lead singer of Joy Division. In the early hours of 18 May 1980, Curtis hanged himself in the kitchen of his house at 77 Barton Street, Macclesfield. He had just viewed Werner Herzog's film Stroszek and listened to Iggy Pop's The Idiot.	524165
wiki20220301en020_103836	Suicide note	Adam Czerniaków—Head of the Judenrat in the Warsaw Ghetto. He refused to help round up Jews and committed suicide on July 23, 1942 by swallowing a cyanide pill, a day after the commencement of mass extermination of Jews known as the Grossaktion Warsaw. He left his wife a note that read: "They are demanding that I kill the children of my people with my own hands. There is nothing for me to do but to die." His other note to one of his fellow members of the Judenrat, explained: "I can no longer bear all this. My act will prove to everyone what is the right thing to do." Dalida—Popular French singer. She wrote, "La vie m'est insupportable. Pardonnez moi" ("Life has become unbearable ... forgive me.") Brad Delp—Lead vocalist of the rock band Boston who left the following note: "Mr. Brad Delp. "J'ai une âme solitaire". I am a lonely soul."	Suicide note. Adam Czerniaków—Head of the Judenrat in the Warsaw Ghetto. He refused to help round up Jews and committed suicide on July 23, 1942 by swallowing a cyanide pill, a day after the commencement of mass extermination of Jews known as the Grossaktion Warsaw. He left his wife a note that read: "They are demanding that I kill the children of my people with my own hands. There is nothing for me to do but to die." His other note to one of his fellow members of the Judenrat, explained: "I can no longer bear all this. My act will prove to everyone what is the right thing to do." Dalida—Popular French singer. She wrote, "La vie m'est insupportable. Pardonnez moi" ("Life has become unbearable ... forgive me.") Brad Delp—Lead vocalist of the rock band Boston who left the following note: "Mr. Brad Delp. "J'ai une âme solitaire". I am a lonely soul."	524165
wiki20220301en020_103837	Suicide note	Brad Delp—Lead vocalist of the rock band Boston who left the following note: "Mr. Brad Delp. "J'ai une âme solitaire". I am a lonely soul." T. E. Dunville—English music hall performer; suffering depression, he drowned himself in 1924, leaving his wife a note including the words "I feel I cannot bear it any longer." R. Budd Dwyer—Pennsylvania politician who, during a recorded televised news conference, read a prepared statement and then shot himself. George Eastman—Inventor of 35 mm film and founder of Eastman Kodak. His note simply read, "To my friends: my work is done. Why wait? G.E." Lee Eun-ju—South Korean actress. She left a suicide note scrawled in blood, in which she wrote, "Mom, I am sorry and I love you." A separate note said, "I wanted to do too much. Even though I live, I'm not really alive. I don't want anyone to be disappointed. Money is not everything, but the world is suffering because of it."	Suicide note. Brad Delp—Lead vocalist of the rock band Boston who left the following note: "Mr. Brad Delp. "J'ai une âme solitaire". I am a lonely soul." T. E. Dunville—English music hall performer; suffering depression, he drowned himself in 1924, leaving his wife a note including the words "I feel I cannot bear it any longer." R. Budd Dwyer—Pennsylvania politician who, during a recorded televised news conference, read a prepared statement and then shot himself. George Eastman—Inventor of 35 mm film and founder of Eastman Kodak. His note simply read, "To my friends: my work is done. Why wait? G.E." Lee Eun-ju—South Korean actress. She left a suicide note scrawled in blood, in which she wrote, "Mom, I am sorry and I love you." A separate note said, "I wanted to do too much. Even though I live, I'm not really alive. I don't want anyone to be disappointed. Money is not everything, but the world is suffering because of it."	524165
wiki20220301en020_103838	Suicide note	Justin Fashanu—gay English soccer player, charged with sexual assault in Maryland. His suicide note denied the charges, stating that the sex was consensual, and that he had fled to England because he felt he could not get a fair trial because of his homosexuality, and it added "I realised that I had already been presumed guilty. I do not want to give any more embarrassment to my friends and family." James Forrestal—Former United States Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Navy who fell from a sixteenth-floor window at Bethesda Naval Hospital. There were conspiracy theories about his death; his possible suicide note was a quotation from the play Ajax by Sophocles: "Frenzy hath seized thy dearest son, / Who from thy shores in glory came / The first in valor and in fame; / Thy deeds that he hath done / Seem hostile all to hostile eyes.... / Better to die, and sleep / The never waking sleep, than linger on, / And dare to live, when the soul's life is gone."	Suicide note. Justin Fashanu—gay English soccer player, charged with sexual assault in Maryland. His suicide note denied the charges, stating that the sex was consensual, and that he had fled to England because he felt he could not get a fair trial because of his homosexuality, and it added "I realised that I had already been presumed guilty. I do not want to give any more embarrassment to my friends and family." James Forrestal—Former United States Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Navy who fell from a sixteenth-floor window at Bethesda Naval Hospital. There were conspiracy theories about his death; his possible suicide note was a quotation from the play Ajax by Sophocles: "Frenzy hath seized thy dearest son, / Who from thy shores in glory came / The first in valor and in fame; / Thy deeds that he hath done / Seem hostile all to hostile eyes.... / Better to die, and sleep / The never waking sleep, than linger on, / And dare to live, when the soul's life is gone."	524165
wiki20220301en020_103839	Suicide note	Vince Foster— Deputy White House Counsel during the first few months of U.S. President Bill Clinton's administration, and also a law partner and friend of Hillary Clinton. A suicide note of sorts, in actuality a draft resignation letter, was found torn into 27 pieces in his briefcase. The letter contained a list of complaints, specifically including, "The WSJ editors lie without consequence" and lamenting, "I was not meant for the job or the spotlight of public life in Washington. Here ruining people is considered sport." Misao Fujimura—high school student studying philosophy who wrote the suicide note on a tree; the suicide resulted in many copycat suicides (see Werther effect). Romain Gary—French writer. He wrote a suicide note explaining the reasons of his suicide and then shot himself in the mouth. Apart from his suicide note, he had stated: "I really had fun. Goodbye and thank you."	Suicide note. Vince Foster— Deputy White House Counsel during the first few months of U.S. President Bill Clinton's administration, and also a law partner and friend of Hillary Clinton. A suicide note of sorts, in actuality a draft resignation letter, was found torn into 27 pieces in his briefcase. The letter contained a list of complaints, specifically including, "The WSJ editors lie without consequence" and lamenting, "I was not meant for the job or the spotlight of public life in Washington. Here ruining people is considered sport." Misao Fujimura—high school student studying philosophy who wrote the suicide note on a tree; the suicide resulted in many copycat suicides (see Werther effect). Romain Gary—French writer. He wrote a suicide note explaining the reasons of his suicide and then shot himself in the mouth. Apart from his suicide note, he had stated: "I really had fun. Goodbye and thank you."	524165
wiki20220301en020_103840	Suicide note	Charlotte Perkins Gilman—American humanist and writer who took chloroform while dying of breast cancer. Her suicide note read in part, "When all usefulness is over, when one is assured of an unavoidable and imminent death, it is the simplest of human rights to choose a quick and easy death in place of a slow and horrible one." Pete Ham—Leader of the rock group Badfinger. Ham's note blamed the group's manager for his financial ruin, calling him "...a soulless bastard. I will take him with me." Tony Hancock—British comedian, who died in 1968. Suicide note included the line "Things just seemed to go too wrong, too many times".	Suicide note. Charlotte Perkins Gilman—American humanist and writer who took chloroform while dying of breast cancer. Her suicide note read in part, "When all usefulness is over, when one is assured of an unavoidable and imminent death, it is the simplest of human rights to choose a quick and easy death in place of a slow and horrible one." Pete Ham—Leader of the rock group Badfinger. Ham's note blamed the group's manager for his financial ruin, calling him "...a soulless bastard. I will take him with me." Tony Hancock—British comedian, who died in 1968. Suicide note included the line "Things just seemed to go too wrong, too many times".	524165
wiki20220301en020_103841	Suicide note	Tony Hancock—British comedian, who died in 1968. Suicide note included the line "Things just seemed to go too wrong, too many times". Mitchell Heisman, a 35-year-old who held a bachelor's degree in psychology from Albany University. His suicide note was notable due to its unconventional format; at 1,905 pages, spanning topics concerning (and not limited to) human nature, society, religion, technology, and science, the suicide "note" was more akin to a grand philosophical tome. Heisman published his book, Suicide Note, online for free download within a day of finally shooting himself on the Harvard University campus. Rudolf Hess—Nazi war criminal who committed suicide in Spandau Prison. "Thanks to the directors for addressing this message to my home. Written several minutes before my death."	Suicide note. Tony Hancock—British comedian, who died in 1968. Suicide note included the line "Things just seemed to go too wrong, too many times". Mitchell Heisman, a 35-year-old who held a bachelor's degree in psychology from Albany University. His suicide note was notable due to its unconventional format; at 1,905 pages, spanning topics concerning (and not limited to) human nature, society, religion, technology, and science, the suicide "note" was more akin to a grand philosophical tome. Heisman published his book, Suicide Note, online for free download within a day of finally shooting himself on the Harvard University campus. Rudolf Hess—Nazi war criminal who committed suicide in Spandau Prison. "Thanks to the directors for addressing this message to my home. Written several minutes before my death."	524165
wiki20220301en020_103842	Suicide note	Rudolf Hess—Nazi war criminal who committed suicide in Spandau Prison. "Thanks to the directors for addressing this message to my home. Written several minutes before my death." Abbie Hoffman—American political activist (de facto leader of the 1960s counter-culture) and author of Steal This Book, who gained infamy as part of the anti-Vietnam War protest trial Chicago Eight. He suffered from bipolar disorder, and died in April 1989. Robert E. Howard—American writer and creator of Conan the Barbarian. Howard shot himself when his mother was in a coma prior to her death. His suicide note consisted of a quotation from "The House of Cæsar" by Viola Garvin: "All fled, all done / So lift me on the pyre. / The feast is over / And the lamps expire."	Suicide note. Rudolf Hess—Nazi war criminal who committed suicide in Spandau Prison. "Thanks to the directors for addressing this message to my home. Written several minutes before my death." Abbie Hoffman—American political activist (de facto leader of the 1960s counter-culture) and author of Steal This Book, who gained infamy as part of the anti-Vietnam War protest trial Chicago Eight. He suffered from bipolar disorder, and died in April 1989. Robert E. Howard—American writer and creator of Conan the Barbarian. Howard shot himself when his mother was in a coma prior to her death. His suicide note consisted of a quotation from "The House of Cæsar" by Viola Garvin: "All fled, all done / So lift me on the pyre. / The feast is over / And the lamps expire."	524165
wiki20220301en020_103843	Suicide note	Kim Jong-hyun—South Korean singer-songwriter and main vocalist of the boy band Shinee. He had sent a note to a friend in which he wrote: "The depression that was slowly devouring me at last consumed me. ... What else can I say more. Just tell me I've done well. That this is enough." Following his death, his fans paid tribute to him on social media with the viral hashtag "#YouDidWellJonghyun", a reference to his final request in his note. Hana Kimura—Japanese professional wrestler. Her final tweet read, "Nearly 100 frank opinions every day. I couldn't deny they hurt me. "Die", "you are disgusting", "you should disappear" I believed these things about myself more than they did. Thank you, Mother, for the gift of life. My whole life I wanted to be loved. Thank you to everyone who supported me. I love you all. I'm sorry for being weak." She also posted her last Instagram post before she died. It reads as follows: "Good-bye. I love you, have fun and live a long time. I'm sorry."	Suicide note. Kim Jong-hyun—South Korean singer-songwriter and main vocalist of the boy band Shinee. He had sent a note to a friend in which he wrote: "The depression that was slowly devouring me at last consumed me. ... What else can I say more. Just tell me I've done well. That this is enough." Following his death, his fans paid tribute to him on social media with the viral hashtag "#YouDidWellJonghyun", a reference to his final request in his note. Hana Kimura—Japanese professional wrestler. Her final tweet read, "Nearly 100 frank opinions every day. I couldn't deny they hurt me. "Die", "you are disgusting", "you should disappear" I believed these things about myself more than they did. Thank you, Mother, for the gift of life. My whole life I wanted to be loved. Thank you to everyone who supported me. I love you all. I'm sorry for being weak." She also posted her last Instagram post before she died. It reads as follows: "Good-bye. I love you, have fun and live a long time. I'm sorry."	524165
wiki20220301en020_103844	Suicide note	Jerzy Kosiński—Polish-American novelist. He wrote, "I am going to put myself to sleep now for a bit longer than usual. Call it Eternity." Martin Manley (1953–2013)—American sports writer and statistician, who worked for the Kansas City Star. To cut short his perceived ongoing descent into dementia, he committed suicide on his 60th birthday in the parking lot of a police station, shooting himself while still on the phone with 911 informing them of the act. Manley spent over a year preparing an extensive website outlining the rationale behind his suicide. While Yahoo soon took it offline, citing a violation of its TOS, mirrors of the entire site are still available (Yahoo also shut down Manley's sports blog, SportsInReview.com, which was not re-created). Yukio Mishima—Japanese writer. His suicide note explained his reasons for attempting to incite mutiny amongst the Japanese Self-Defense Forces.	Suicide note. Jerzy Kosiński—Polish-American novelist. He wrote, "I am going to put myself to sleep now for a bit longer than usual. Call it Eternity." Martin Manley (1953–2013)—American sports writer and statistician, who worked for the Kansas City Star. To cut short his perceived ongoing descent into dementia, he committed suicide on his 60th birthday in the parking lot of a police station, shooting himself while still on the phone with 911 informing them of the act. Manley spent over a year preparing an extensive website outlining the rationale behind his suicide. While Yahoo soon took it offline, citing a violation of its TOS, mirrors of the entire site are still available (Yahoo also shut down Manley's sports blog, SportsInReview.com, which was not re-created). Yukio Mishima—Japanese writer. His suicide note explained his reasons for attempting to incite mutiny amongst the Japanese Self-Defense Forces.	524165
wiki20220301en020_103845	Suicide note	Yukio Mishima—Japanese writer. His suicide note explained his reasons for attempting to incite mutiny amongst the Japanese Self-Defense Forces. John Noble—Las Vegas resident who left a 270-page note with a table of contents and a 2-hour DVD before shooting himself at the M Resort buffet after having a "free buffet for life" prize rescinded by the resort due to his subsequent behavior there. Per Yngve "Dead" Ohlin—Lead singer of the black metal group Mayhem, whose suicide note famously read, in part, "Excuse all the blood" and included an apology for the loud gunshot. Freddie Prinze—American actor and comedian, famous for his role on the sitcom Chico and the Man. He is the father of Freddie Prinze Jr. Elliot Rodger—Mass murderer behind the 2014 Isla Vista massacre. He left behind a 108,000-word memo entitled My Twisted World and an eight-minute YouTube video describing what he was about to do.	Suicide note. Yukio Mishima—Japanese writer. His suicide note explained his reasons for attempting to incite mutiny amongst the Japanese Self-Defense Forces. John Noble—Las Vegas resident who left a 270-page note with a table of contents and a 2-hour DVD before shooting himself at the M Resort buffet after having a "free buffet for life" prize rescinded by the resort due to his subsequent behavior there. Per Yngve "Dead" Ohlin—Lead singer of the black metal group Mayhem, whose suicide note famously read, in part, "Excuse all the blood" and included an apology for the loud gunshot. Freddie Prinze—American actor and comedian, famous for his role on the sitcom Chico and the Man. He is the father of Freddie Prinze Jr. Elliot Rodger—Mass murderer behind the 2014 Isla Vista massacre. He left behind a 108,000-word memo entitled My Twisted World and an eight-minute YouTube video describing what he was about to do.	524165
wiki20220301en020_103846	Suicide note	Elliot Rodger—Mass murderer behind the 2014 Isla Vista massacre. He left behind a 108,000-word memo entitled My Twisted World and an eight-minute YouTube video describing what he was about to do. Roh Moo-hyun—9th President of South Korea, who jumped from a cliff behind his home in Bongha Village. The note expressed his remorse to the people: "I am in debt to so many people. I have caused too great a burden to be placed upon them. I can't begin to fathom the countless agonies down the road. The rest of my life would only be a burden for others. I am unable to do anything because of poor health. I can't read, I can't write. Do not be too sad. Isn't life and death all a part of nature? Do not be sorry. Do not feel resentment toward anyone. It is fate. Cremate me. And leave only a small tombstone near home. I've thought on this for a long time." ()	Suicide note. Elliot Rodger—Mass murderer behind the 2014 Isla Vista massacre. He left behind a 108,000-word memo entitled My Twisted World and an eight-minute YouTube video describing what he was about to do. Roh Moo-hyun—9th President of South Korea, who jumped from a cliff behind his home in Bongha Village. The note expressed his remorse to the people: "I am in debt to so many people. I have caused too great a burden to be placed upon them. I can't begin to fathom the countless agonies down the road. The rest of my life would only be a burden for others. I am unable to do anything because of poor health. I can't read, I can't write. Do not be too sad. Isn't life and death all a part of nature? Do not be sorry. Do not feel resentment toward anyone. It is fate. Cremate me. And leave only a small tombstone near home. I've thought on this for a long time." ()	524165
wiki20220301en020_103847	Suicide note	Edmund Ruffin—Virginia planter and slaveowner who committed suicide in June 1865, shortly after the South's defeat in the American Civil War. His final diary entry before his suicide concluded, "And now with my latest writing and utterance, and with what will be near my latest breath, I here repeat and would willingly proclaim my unmitigated hatred to yankee rule – to all political, social and business connections with Yankees, and the perfidious, malignant and vile Yankee race." George Sanders—Academy Award-winning British actor. One of his two suicide notes stated: "Dear world, I am leaving because I am bored. I feel I have lived long enough. I am leaving you with your worries in this sweet cesspool — good luck."	Suicide note. Edmund Ruffin—Virginia planter and slaveowner who committed suicide in June 1865, shortly after the South's defeat in the American Civil War. His final diary entry before his suicide concluded, "And now with my latest writing and utterance, and with what will be near my latest breath, I here repeat and would willingly proclaim my unmitigated hatred to yankee rule – to all political, social and business connections with Yankees, and the perfidious, malignant and vile Yankee race." George Sanders—Academy Award-winning British actor. One of his two suicide notes stated: "Dear world, I am leaving because I am bored. I feel I have lived long enough. I am leaving you with your worries in this sweet cesspool — good luck."	524165
wiki20220301en020_103848	Suicide note	Elliott Smith—Singer/songwriter who suffered from addiction and depression. The note, according to the coroner, read "I'm so sorry—love, Elliot. God forgive me." The misspelling of the name is believed to be the fault of the coroner, but it is still unclear whether it was a suicide or not. Mark Speight (2008)— British television presenter. Speight committed suicide by hanging near London Paddington station in April 2008. He had been consumed with grief following the death of his fiancée Natasha Collins from a cocaine overdose in January of that year. He left two suicide notes (of which one was found in his pocket, and the other at his home) saying that he could no longer live without Collins.	Suicide note. Elliott Smith—Singer/songwriter who suffered from addiction and depression. The note, according to the coroner, read "I'm so sorry—love, Elliot. God forgive me." The misspelling of the name is believed to be the fault of the coroner, but it is still unclear whether it was a suicide or not. Mark Speight (2008)— British television presenter. Speight committed suicide by hanging near London Paddington station in April 2008. He had been consumed with grief following the death of his fiancée Natasha Collins from a cocaine overdose in January of that year. He left two suicide notes (of which one was found in his pocket, and the other at his home) saying that he could no longer live without Collins.	524165
wiki20220301en020_103849	Suicide note	Randy Stair—Supermarket worker who shot three of his colleagues dead and then killed himself, after barricading the store. Stair was an aspiring animator and YouTuber (under the pseudonym "Andrew Blaze") who was obsessed with mass shootings (in particular the Columbine massacre) and the character Ember McLain from the Nickelodeon animated series Danny Phantom; he was also conflicted about his gender identity and wrote in his journal: "I'm a girl who’s been trapped in a man's body". Stair posted extensive online documents and "suicide tapes" suggesting the killings were something he had planned out meticulously over a number of months.	Suicide note. Randy Stair—Supermarket worker who shot three of his colleagues dead and then killed himself, after barricading the store. Stair was an aspiring animator and YouTuber (under the pseudonym "Andrew Blaze") who was obsessed with mass shootings (in particular the Columbine massacre) and the character Ember McLain from the Nickelodeon animated series Danny Phantom; he was also conflicted about his gender identity and wrote in his journal: "I'm a girl who’s been trapped in a man's body". Stair posted extensive online documents and "suicide tapes" suggesting the killings were something he had planned out meticulously over a number of months.	524165
wiki20220301en020_103850	Suicide note	Pál Teleki—Former Prime Minister of Hungary, who committed suicide on 3 April 1941, while he received a call that is thought to have advised him that the German army had just started its march into Hungary to invade Yugoslavia. He wrote his suicide note to Head of State and Regent Miklós Horthy. Hunter S. Thompson—Author of Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas and creator of gonzo journalism. Lisandro de la Torre—Argentinian lawyer, politician and senator who fought against the conservative government's corrupt officers during the "Década Infame" (Infamous Decade) of the 1930s. Finally, abandoned by his allies and believing his struggle to be lost, he committed suicide, leaving a note describing the desperate situation he was in. Getúlio Vargas—Brazilian president (1930–1945; 1950–1954) who used his suicide and suicide note (the "Carta Testamento") as a political weapon against his enemies.	Suicide note. Pál Teleki—Former Prime Minister of Hungary, who committed suicide on 3 April 1941, while he received a call that is thought to have advised him that the German army had just started its march into Hungary to invade Yugoslavia. He wrote his suicide note to Head of State and Regent Miklós Horthy. Hunter S. Thompson—Author of Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas and creator of gonzo journalism. Lisandro de la Torre—Argentinian lawyer, politician and senator who fought against the conservative government's corrupt officers during the "Década Infame" (Infamous Decade) of the 1930s. Finally, abandoned by his allies and believing his struggle to be lost, he committed suicide, leaving a note describing the desperate situation he was in. Getúlio Vargas—Brazilian president (1930–1945; 1950–1954) who used his suicide and suicide note (the "Carta Testamento") as a political weapon against his enemies.	524165
wiki20220301en020_103851	Suicide note	Getúlio Vargas—Brazilian president (1930–1945; 1950–1954) who used his suicide and suicide note (the "Carta Testamento") as a political weapon against his enemies. Mike Von Erich—Wrestler who committed suicide after thinking that he was not as good as he had been prior to a shoulder injury. His brothers Kerry and Chris also committed suicide. David Foster Wallace—Award-winning American novelist, short story writer, and essayist who left a two-page note and neatly arranged the manuscript for The Pale King before hanging himself on the patio.	Suicide note. Getúlio Vargas—Brazilian president (1930–1945; 1950–1954) who used his suicide and suicide note (the "Carta Testamento") as a political weapon against his enemies. Mike Von Erich—Wrestler who committed suicide after thinking that he was not as good as he had been prior to a shoulder injury. His brothers Kerry and Chris also committed suicide. David Foster Wallace—Award-winning American novelist, short story writer, and essayist who left a two-page note and neatly arranged the manuscript for The Pale King before hanging himself on the patio.	524165
wiki20220301en020_103852	Suicide note	Keith Wayne—Stage name for Ronald Keith Hartman, an actor known for his only role as Tom in the 1968 cult horror movie Night of the Living Dead. He later became a chiropractor and wrote a column called Chiropractic Corner in Hardgainer magazine under his real name. His last column (in Hardgainer issue #40) had an unusual combination of medical advice and a suicide note as evidenced by its title How to Find Chiropractic Help, Bursitis and Tendinitis, Sternum Noises, Knee and Neck Care; plus the Notice of the Death of Dr. Hartman. Bob Welch—Fleetwood Mac guitarist/vocalist from 1971 to 1974. Wendy O. Williams—Lead singer of American punk band Plasmatics who left the following suicide note: "I don't believe that people should take their own lives without deep and thoughtful reflection over a considerable period of time."	Suicide note. Keith Wayne—Stage name for Ronald Keith Hartman, an actor known for his only role as Tom in the 1968 cult horror movie Night of the Living Dead. He later became a chiropractor and wrote a column called Chiropractic Corner in Hardgainer magazine under his real name. His last column (in Hardgainer issue #40) had an unusual combination of medical advice and a suicide note as evidenced by its title How to Find Chiropractic Help, Bursitis and Tendinitis, Sternum Noises, Knee and Neck Care; plus the Notice of the Death of Dr. Hartman. Bob Welch—Fleetwood Mac guitarist/vocalist from 1971 to 1974. Wendy O. Williams—Lead singer of American punk band Plasmatics who left the following suicide note: "I don't believe that people should take their own lives without deep and thoughtful reflection over a considerable period of time."	524165
wiki20220301en020_103853	Suicide note	Virginia Woolf—English feminist author and poet. Her suicide note iterated that she feared she was on the brink of what would have been the latest in a series of breakdowns, and that she would rather die than endure another such episode. Her note concluded with a message to her husband, Leonard Woolf, telling him that she loved him and thanking him for the time they had together, stating: "I don’t think two people could have been happier than we have been." Bill Zeller—American programmer and creator of myTunes, who suffered with the traumatic and existential effects of child sexual abuse, and who requested that his suicide note should be widely circulated online in its entirety.	Suicide note. Virginia Woolf—English feminist author and poet. Her suicide note iterated that she feared she was on the brink of what would have been the latest in a series of breakdowns, and that she would rather die than endure another such episode. Her note concluded with a message to her husband, Leonard Woolf, telling him that she loved him and thanking him for the time they had together, stating: "I don’t think two people could have been happier than we have been." Bill Zeller—American programmer and creator of myTunes, who suffered with the traumatic and existential effects of child sexual abuse, and who requested that his suicide note should be widely circulated online in its entirety.	524165
wiki20220301en020_103854	Suicide note	See also Death poem Last words Will and testament References External links A collection of suicide notes and letters Famous suicide notes—dying words of famous people The Presentation of the Self in Suicide Notes by David Lester & Bijou Yang Letters (message) Note	Suicide note. See also Death poem Last words Will and testament References External links A collection of suicide notes and letters Famous suicide notes—dying words of famous people The Presentation of the Self in Suicide Notes by David Lester & Bijou Yang Letters (message) Note	524165
wiki20220301en020_103855	Randolph County	Randolph County is the name of eight counties in the United States: Randolph County, Alabama Randolph County, Arkansas Randolph County, Georgia Randolph County, Illinois Randolph County, Indiana Randolph County, Missouri Randolph County, North Carolina Randolph County, West Virginia	Randolph County. Randolph County is the name of eight counties in the United States: Randolph County, Alabama Randolph County, Arkansas Randolph County, Georgia Randolph County, Illinois Randolph County, Indiana Randolph County, Missouri Randolph County, North Carolina Randolph County, West Virginia	524166
wiki20220301en020_103856	Tómas Guðmundsson	Tómas Guðmundsson (6 January 1901 – 14 November 1983) was an Icelandic author. He was known as Reykjavík's poet (Reykjavíkurskáldið, skáld Reykjavíkur). Tómas's parents were Steinunn Þorsteinsdóttir and Guðmundur Ögmundsson, living at Efri-Brú in Grímsnes. He soon got in touch with literature and poetry. He read Icelandic sagas, Jónas Hallgrímsson's poems and more. He also started to write his own poetry at a young age. Career He moved to Reykjavík and studied at Menntaskólinn í Reykjavík, there he got in touch with many authors, including Halldór Laxness (they formed a close friendship during the M.R. years), Guðmundur G. Hagalín and Davíð Stefánsson. Tómas graduated from M.R. in 1921. He then studied law at Háskóli Íslands and graduated in 1926. During that time he got in touch with even more authors, including Jón Thoroddsen junior.	Tómas Guðmundsson. Tómas Guðmundsson (6 January 1901 – 14 November 1983) was an Icelandic author. He was known as Reykjavík's poet (Reykjavíkurskáldið, skáld Reykjavíkur). Tómas's parents were Steinunn Þorsteinsdóttir and Guðmundur Ögmundsson, living at Efri-Brú in Grímsnes. He soon got in touch with literature and poetry. He read Icelandic sagas, Jónas Hallgrímsson's poems and more. He also started to write his own poetry at a young age. Career He moved to Reykjavík and studied at Menntaskólinn í Reykjavík, there he got in touch with many authors, including Halldór Laxness (they formed a close friendship during the M.R. years), Guðmundur G. Hagalín and Davíð Stefánsson. Tómas graduated from M.R. in 1921. He then studied law at Háskóli Íslands and graduated in 1926. During that time he got in touch with even more authors, including Jón Thoroddsen junior.	524167
wiki20220301en020_103857	Tómas Guðmundsson	He then studied law at Háskóli Íslands and graduated in 1926. During that time he got in touch with even more authors, including Jón Thoroddsen junior. After his graduation he opened an office to practise law and in 1928 he started working at Hagstofa Íslands. He closed his office in 1929 and quit the bureau in 1943. From 1943 he mostly worked at poetry and authorship. He was one of the editors of the literary magazines Helgafell and Nýja Helgafell, and also translated stories, plays and poems. Death Tómas died 1983 in Reykjavík, aged 82. Legacy Since 1994, the city of Reykjavík has made an award in memory of Tómas called the Bókmenntaverðlaun Tómasar Guðmundssonar (the Tómas Guðmundsson literature award). A statue of Tómas by the sculptor Halla Gunnarsdóttir was unveiled in 2010 at the southern end of the Tjörnin, a lake in Reykjavík centrum.	Tómas Guðmundsson. He then studied law at Háskóli Íslands and graduated in 1926. During that time he got in touch with even more authors, including Jón Thoroddsen junior. After his graduation he opened an office to practise law and in 1928 he started working at Hagstofa Íslands. He closed his office in 1929 and quit the bureau in 1943. From 1943 he mostly worked at poetry and authorship. He was one of the editors of the literary magazines Helgafell and Nýja Helgafell, and also translated stories, plays and poems. Death Tómas died 1983 in Reykjavík, aged 82. Legacy Since 1994, the city of Reykjavík has made an award in memory of Tómas called the Bókmenntaverðlaun Tómasar Guðmundssonar (the Tómas Guðmundsson literature award). A statue of Tómas by the sculptor Halla Gunnarsdóttir was unveiled in 2010 at the southern end of the Tjörnin, a lake in Reykjavík centrum.	524167
wiki20220301en020_103858	Tómas Guðmundsson	A statue of Tómas by the sculptor Halla Gunnarsdóttir was unveiled in 2010 at the southern end of the Tjörnin, a lake in Reykjavík centrum. Works Tómas's poems were mostly traditional and his style did not change much during his career. The poems are mostly about Reykjavík and his place of youth. The first three books he published, Við sundin blá, Fagra veröld and Stjörnur vorsins belong to neoromanticism and so do his last two books, Fljótið helga and Heim til þín, Ísland, but its signs are not as strong. Publications 1925: Við sundin blá, poems 1933: Fagra veröld, poems 1940: Stjörnur vorsins, poems 1950: Fljótið helga, poems 1977: Heim til þín, Ísland, poems References Musterissvipurinn mikli - Inngangur að ævi Tómasar Guðmundssonar og greining á ljóði hans Við höfnina -. 13 March 2004. Tómas Guðmundsson. [PDF] 1901 births 1983 deaths Tomas Gudmundsson Tomas Gudmundsson Tomas Gudmundsson	Tómas Guðmundsson. A statue of Tómas by the sculptor Halla Gunnarsdóttir was unveiled in 2010 at the southern end of the Tjörnin, a lake in Reykjavík centrum. Works Tómas's poems were mostly traditional and his style did not change much during his career. The poems are mostly about Reykjavík and his place of youth. The first three books he published, Við sundin blá, Fagra veröld and Stjörnur vorsins belong to neoromanticism and so do his last two books, Fljótið helga and Heim til þín, Ísland, but its signs are not as strong. Publications 1925: Við sundin blá, poems 1933: Fagra veröld, poems 1940: Stjörnur vorsins, poems 1950: Fljótið helga, poems 1977: Heim til þín, Ísland, poems References Musterissvipurinn mikli - Inngangur að ævi Tómasar Guðmundssonar og greining á ljóði hans Við höfnina -. 13 March 2004. Tómas Guðmundsson. [PDF] 1901 births 1983 deaths Tomas Gudmundsson Tomas Gudmundsson Tomas Gudmundsson	524167
wiki20220301en020_103859	High concept	High concept is a type of artistic work that can be easily pitched with a succinctly stated premise. It can be contrasted with low concept, which is more concerned with character development and other subtleties that are not as easily summarized. The origin of the term is disputed. The terms high-concept and low-concept (with hyphens) are the adjective forms of the corresponding concepts. Terminology High-concept narratives are typically characterised by an overarching "what if?" scenario that acts as a catalyst for the following events. Often, the most popular summer blockbuster movies are built on a high-concept idea, such as "what if we could clone dinosaurs?", as in Jurassic Park.	High concept. High concept is a type of artistic work that can be easily pitched with a succinctly stated premise. It can be contrasted with low concept, which is more concerned with character development and other subtleties that are not as easily summarized. The origin of the term is disputed. The terms high-concept and low-concept (with hyphens) are the adjective forms of the corresponding concepts. Terminology High-concept narratives are typically characterised by an overarching "what if?" scenario that acts as a catalyst for the following events. Often, the most popular summer blockbuster movies are built on a high-concept idea, such as "what if we could clone dinosaurs?", as in Jurassic Park.	524169
wiki20220301en020_103860	High concept	High-concept narratives differ from analogous narratives. In the case of the latter, a high-concept story may be employed to allow commentary on an implicit subtext. A prime example of this might be George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, which asks, "What if we lived in a future of totalitarian government?" while simultaneously generating social comment and critique aimed at Orwell's own (real world) contemporary society. Similarly, the Gene Roddenberry sci-fi series Star Trek went beyond the high concept storytelling of a futurist starship crew, by addressing 20th century social issues in a hypothetical and defamiliarising context. Planet of the Apes (1968) likewise engages in social commentary regarding race relations and other topics from modern human society via the lens of the ape civilization, in part as a response by screenplay co-writer Rod Serling to his experiences of anti-semitism.	High concept. High-concept narratives differ from analogous narratives. In the case of the latter, a high-concept story may be employed to allow commentary on an implicit subtext. A prime example of this might be George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, which asks, "What if we lived in a future of totalitarian government?" while simultaneously generating social comment and critique aimed at Orwell's own (real world) contemporary society. Similarly, the Gene Roddenberry sci-fi series Star Trek went beyond the high concept storytelling of a futurist starship crew, by addressing 20th century social issues in a hypothetical and defamiliarising context. Planet of the Apes (1968) likewise engages in social commentary regarding race relations and other topics from modern human society via the lens of the ape civilization, in part as a response by screenplay co-writer Rod Serling to his experiences of anti-semitism.	524169
wiki20220301en020_103861	High concept	Characteristics The term is often applied to films that are pitched and developed almost entirely upon an engaging premise with broad appeal, rather than standing upon complex character study, cinematography, or other strengths that relate more to the artistic execution of a production. Extreme examples of high-concept films are Snakes on a Plane and Sharknado, which describe their entire premises in their titles.	High concept. Characteristics The term is often applied to films that are pitched and developed almost entirely upon an engaging premise with broad appeal, rather than standing upon complex character study, cinematography, or other strengths that relate more to the artistic execution of a production. Extreme examples of high-concept films are Snakes on a Plane and Sharknado, which describe their entire premises in their titles.	524169
wiki20220301en020_103862	High concept	A movie described as being "high-concept" is considered easy to sell to a wide audience because it delivers upon an easy-to-grasp idea. This simple narrative can often be summed up with a single iconic image, such as the theme park logo from Jurassic Park. Along with having well-defined genre and aesthetics, high-concept films have marketing guidelines known as "the look, the hook and the book". The look of the film is simply how visually appealing it is to the public, usually before its release. Jurassic Park would show the world dinosaurs as they had never been seen before. The hook is the story the film is trying to sell to its audience. Everyone wanted to know how dinosaurs could walk the Earth again after being extinct for 65 million years and how they would coexist with people.	High concept. A movie described as being "high-concept" is considered easy to sell to a wide audience because it delivers upon an easy-to-grasp idea. This simple narrative can often be summed up with a single iconic image, such as the theme park logo from Jurassic Park. Along with having well-defined genre and aesthetics, high-concept films have marketing guidelines known as "the look, the hook and the book". The look of the film is simply how visually appealing it is to the public, usually before its release. Jurassic Park would show the world dinosaurs as they had never been seen before. The hook is the story the film is trying to sell to its audience. Everyone wanted to know how dinosaurs could walk the Earth again after being extinct for 65 million years and how they would coexist with people.	524169
wiki20220301en020_103863	High concept	The book can be labeled as all the merchandise made to help promote the film. The merchandise in Jurassic Park was destined to sell well, with people wanting the T-shirts and lunch boxes that were shown for sale within the movie itself, with similar merchandise later to be sold at Universal Studios in the gift shop connected to the Jurassic Park ride.	High concept. The book can be labeled as all the merchandise made to help promote the film. The merchandise in Jurassic Park was destined to sell well, with people wanting the T-shirts and lunch boxes that were shown for sale within the movie itself, with similar merchandise later to be sold at Universal Studios in the gift shop connected to the Jurassic Park ride.	524169
wiki20220301en020_103864	High concept	Commercial benefits High-concept television series and movies often rely on pre-sold properties such as movie stars to build audience anticipation, and they might use cross-promotional advertising campaigns with links to a soundtrack, music videos, and licensed merchandise such as DVD box sets. They commonly apply market and test screening feedback to alter the narrative (or even, as in the case of Snakes on a Plane, the dialogue) to ensure maximum popularity. Some commercial blockbuster movies are built as star vehicles for successful music and sports personalities to enter the movie business. In such commercial vehicles, where the onscreen activity is less important than the saleability of the product brand, a high-concept narrative is often used as a "safe" option to avoid the risk of alienating audiences with convoluted or overly taxing plot exposition. Examples Cinema	High concept. Commercial benefits High-concept television series and movies often rely on pre-sold properties such as movie stars to build audience anticipation, and they might use cross-promotional advertising campaigns with links to a soundtrack, music videos, and licensed merchandise such as DVD box sets. They commonly apply market and test screening feedback to alter the narrative (or even, as in the case of Snakes on a Plane, the dialogue) to ensure maximum popularity. Some commercial blockbuster movies are built as star vehicles for successful music and sports personalities to enter the movie business. In such commercial vehicles, where the onscreen activity is less important than the saleability of the product brand, a high-concept narrative is often used as a "safe" option to avoid the risk of alienating audiences with convoluted or overly taxing plot exposition. Examples Cinema	524169
wiki20220301en020_103865	High concept	The Shaggy Dog (1959; remade in 1994 and 2006) Planet of the Apes (1968; the original exemplifies the "analogous" category more than the sequels and remakes) Jaws (1975) Freaky Friday (1976; remade 1995, 2003) An American Werewolf in London (1981) E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) Tootsie (1982) Splash (1984) Ghostbusters (1984; remade 2016) A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984; remade 2010) RoboCop (1987; remade 2014) Big (1988) Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) Pretty Woman (1990) Sister Act (1992) Groundhog Day (1993) Jurassic Park (1993) Speed (1994) Stargate (1994) Junior (1994) Se7en (1995) Toy Story (1995) Twister (1996) Independence Day (1996) Cube (1997) Liar Liar (1997) Grosse Pointe Blank (1997) Face/Off (1997) City of Angels (1998) Paulie (1998) The Truman Show (1998) Armageddon (1998) Small Soldiers (1998) The Sixth Sense (1999) Phone Booth (2002) Cellular (2004) Snakes on a Plane (2006) Yes Man (2008) The Invention of Lying (2009)	High concept. The Shaggy Dog (1959; remade in 1994 and 2006) Planet of the Apes (1968; the original exemplifies the "analogous" category more than the sequels and remakes) Jaws (1975) Freaky Friday (1976; remade 1995, 2003) An American Werewolf in London (1981) E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) Tootsie (1982) Splash (1984) Ghostbusters (1984; remade 2016) A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984; remade 2010) RoboCop (1987; remade 2014) Big (1988) Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988) Pretty Woman (1990) Sister Act (1992) Groundhog Day (1993) Jurassic Park (1993) Speed (1994) Stargate (1994) Junior (1994) Se7en (1995) Toy Story (1995) Twister (1996) Independence Day (1996) Cube (1997) Liar Liar (1997) Grosse Pointe Blank (1997) Face/Off (1997) City of Angels (1998) Paulie (1998) The Truman Show (1998) Armageddon (1998) Small Soldiers (1998) The Sixth Sense (1999) Phone Booth (2002) Cellular (2004) Snakes on a Plane (2006) Yes Man (2008) The Invention of Lying (2009)	524169
wiki20220301en020_103866	High concept	The Truman Show (1998) Armageddon (1998) Small Soldiers (1998) The Sixth Sense (1999) Phone Booth (2002) Cellular (2004) Snakes on a Plane (2006) Yes Man (2008) The Invention of Lying (2009) TiMER (2009) Inception (2010) Buried (2010) Unstoppable (2010) Hobo with a Shotgun (2011) Ted (2012) The Call (2013) Pacific Rim (2013) Inside Out (2015) Zootopia (2016) Passengers (2016) Get Out (2017) Downsizing (2017) Game Night (2018) Tag (2018) Yesterday (2019) The Platform (2019)	High concept. The Truman Show (1998) Armageddon (1998) Small Soldiers (1998) The Sixth Sense (1999) Phone Booth (2002) Cellular (2004) Snakes on a Plane (2006) Yes Man (2008) The Invention of Lying (2009) TiMER (2009) Inception (2010) Buried (2010) Unstoppable (2010) Hobo with a Shotgun (2011) Ted (2012) The Call (2013) Pacific Rim (2013) Inside Out (2015) Zootopia (2016) Passengers (2016) Get Out (2017) Downsizing (2017) Game Night (2018) Tag (2018) Yesterday (2019) The Platform (2019)	524169