2016 年十大顶级开源项目
开源项目

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> 在我们今年的年度顶级开源项目列表中，让我们回顾一下作者们提到的几个 2016 年受欢迎的项目，以及社区管理员选出的钟爱项目。
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![](/data/attachment/album/201702/14/090743ualxgbsj3g0llhth.jpg)


我们持续关注每年新出现的、成长、改变和发展的优秀开源项目。挑选 10 个开源项目到我们的年度顶级项目列表中并不太容易，而且，也没有哪个如此短的列表能够包含每一个应该包含在内的项目。


为了挑选 10 个顶级开源项目，我们回顾了作者们 2016 年涉及到的流行的开源项目，同时也从社区管理员收集了一些意见。经过管理员的一番推荐和投票之后，我们的编辑团队选定了最终的列表。


它们就在这儿， 2016 年 10 个顶级开源项目：


### Atom


[Atom](https://atom.io/) 是一个来自 GitHub 的<ruby> 可魔改的 <rp>  （ </rp> <rt>  hackable </rt> <rp>  ） </rp></ruby>文本编辑器。Jono Bacon 在今年的早些时候为它的“简单核心”[写了一篇文章](https://opensource.com/life/16/2/culture-pluggable-open-source)，对该开源项目所给用户带来的选择而大加赞赏。



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> “[Atom](https://atom.io/) 带来了大多数用户想要的主要核心特性和设置，但是缺失了一些用户可能想要的更加高级或独特的特性。……Atom 提供了一个强大的框架，从而允许它的许多部分都可以被改变或扩展。”
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如果打算开始使用 Atom， 请先阅读[这篇指南](https://github.com/atom/atom/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)。如果想加入到用户社区，你可以在 [GitHub](https://github.com/atom/atom)、[Discuss](http://discuss.atom.io/) 和 [Slack](http://atom-slack.herokuapp.com/) 上找到 Atom 。


Atom 是 [MIT](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/atom/atom/master/LICENSE.md) 许可的，它的[源代码](https://github.com/atom/atom)托管在 GitHub 上。


### Eclipse Che


[Eclipse Che](http://www.eclipse.org/che/) 是下一代在线集成开发环境（IDE）和开发者工作区。Joshua Allen Holm 在 2016 年 11 月为我们[点评](/article-8018-1.html)了 Eclipse Che，使我们可以一窥项目背后的开发者社区，Eclipse Che 创新性地使用了容器技术，并且开箱即用就支持多种流行语言。



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> “Eclipse Che 集成了<ruby> 就绪即用 <rp>  （ </rp> <rt>  ready-to-go </rt> <rp>  ） </rp></ruby>的<ruby> 软件环境 <rp>  （ </rp> <rt>  stack </rt> <rp>  ） </rp></ruby>覆盖了绝大多数现代流行语言。这包括 C++、Java、Go、PHP、Python、.NET、Node.js、Ruby on Rails 和 Android 开发的软件环境。<ruby> 软件环境仓库 <rp>  （ </rp> <rt>  Stack Library </rt> <rp>  ） </rp></ruby>如果不够的话，甚至还提供了更多的选择，你可以创建一个能够提供特殊环境的定制软件环境。”
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你可以通过网上的[托管账户](https://www.eclipse.org/che/getting-started/cloud/)、[本地安装](https://www.eclipse.org/che/getting-started/download/)，或者在你常用的[云供应商](https://bitnami.com/stack/eclipse-che)上测试 Eclipse Che。你也可以在 GitHub 上找到它的[源代码](https://github.com/eclipse/che/)，发布于 [Eclipse 公开许可证](https://github.com/eclipse/che/blob/master/LICENSE)之下。


### FreeCAD


[FreeCAD](http://www.freecadweb.org/) 是用 Python 写的，是一款电脑辅助设计工具（或叫电脑辅助起草工具），可以用它来为实际物体创建设计模型。 Jason Baker 在 [3 款可供选择的 AutoCAD 的开源替代品](https://opensource.com/alternatives/autocad)一文中写到关于 FreeCAD ：



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> “FreeCAD 可以从各种常见格式中导入和导出 3D 对象，其模块化结构使得它易于通过各种插件扩展基本功能。该程序有许多内置的界面选项，这包括从草稿到渲染器，甚至还有一个机器人仿真能力。”
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FreeCAD 是 [LGPL](https://github.com/FreeCAD/FreeCAD/blob/master/COPYING) 许可的，它的[源代码](https://github.com/FreeCAD/FreeCAD)托管在 GitHub 上。


### GnuCash


[GnuCash](https://www.gnucash.org/) 是一个跨平台的开源桌面应用，它可以用来管理个人和小型商业账户。 Jason Baker 把 GnuCash 列入了我们针对个人金融的 Mint 和 Quicken 的开源替代品的[综述列表](https://opensource.com/life/16/1/3-open-source-personal-finance-tools-linux)中：



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> GnuCash “具有多项记账的特性，能从多种格式导入数据，处理多重汇率，为你创建预算，打印支票，创建定制计划报告，并且能够直接从网上银行导入和拉取股票行情。”
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其发布于 GPL [版本 2 或版本 3 许可证](https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash/blob/master/LICENSE)下，你可以在 GitHub 上找到 GnuCash 的[源代码](https://github.com/Gnucash/)。


一个值得一提的 GnuCash 可选替代品是 [KMyMoney](https://kmymoney.org/)，它也得到了该列表的提名，是另一个在 Linux 上管理财务的好选择。


### Kodi


[Kodi](https://kodi.tv/) 是一个开源媒体中心应用，之前叫做 XBMC，它能够在多种设备上工作，是一个用来 DIY 播放电影、TV、音乐的机顶盒的工具。 Kodi 高度可定制化，它支持多种皮肤、插件和许多遥控设备（包括它自己定制的 Android remote 应用）。


尽管今年我们没有深入地报道 Kodi， 但依旧出现在许多关于创建一个家用 Linux [音乐服务器](https://opensource.com/life/16/1/how-set-linux-based-music-server-home)、媒体[管理工具](https://opensource.com/life/16/6/tinymediamanager-catalogs-your-movie-and-tv-files)的文章中，还出现在之前的一个关于最喜爱的开源[视频播放器](https://opensource.com/life/15/11/favorite-open-source-video-player)的投票中（如果你在家中使用 Kodi，想要写一些自己的体验，[请让我们知道](https://opensource.com/how-submit-article)）。


其发布于 [GPLv2](https://github.com/xbmc/xbmc/blob/master/LICENSE.GPL) 许可证下，你可以在 GitHub 上找到 Kodi 的[源代码](https://github.com/xbmc/xbmc)。


### MyCollab


[MyCollab](https://community.mycollab.com/) 是一套针对顾客关系管理（CRM）、文档管理和项目管理的工具。社区管理员 Robin Muilwijk 在他的综述 [2016 年 11 个顶级的项目管理工具](https://opensource.com/business/16/3/top-project-management-tools-2016)一文中详细阐述了 MyCollab-Project ：



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> “MyCollab-Project 包含许多特性，比如甘特图、里程碑、时间跟踪和事件管理。它有 Kanban 板功能，因而支持敏捷开发模式。 MyCollab-Project 有三个不同的版本，其中[社区版](https://github.com/MyCollab/mycollab)是自由且开源的。”
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安装 MyCollab 需要 Java 运行环境和 MySQL 环境的支持。请访问 [MyCollab 网站](https://community.mycollab.com/docs/developing-mycollab/how-can-i-contribute-to-mycollab/)来了解如何对项目做贡献。


MyCollab 是 AGPLv3 许可的，它的[源代码](https://github.com/MyCollab/mycollab)托管在 GitHub 上。


### OpenAPS


[OpenAPS](https://openaps.org/) 是社区管理员在 2016 年发现的另一个有趣的项目，我们也深入报道过它。 OpenAPS，即 Open Artificial Pancreas System 项目，是一个致力于提高 1 型糖尿病患者生活质量的开源项目。



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> 该项目包含“[一个专注安全的典范（reference）设计](https://openaps.org/reference-design)、一个[工具箱](https://github.com/openaps/openaps)和一个开源的[典范（reference）实现](https://github.com/openaps/oref0/)，它们是为设备制造商或者任何能够构造人工胰腺设备的个人设计的，从而能够根据胰岛素水平安全地调节血液中葡萄糖水平。尽管潜在用户在尝试亲自构建或使用该系统前应该小心地测试该项目并和他们的健康护理医生讨论，但该项目的创建者希望开放技术能够加速医疗设备行业的研究和开发步伐，从而发现新的治疗方案并更快的投入市场。”
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### OpenHAB


[OpenHAB](http://www.openhab.org/) 是一个具有可插拔体系结构的家用自动化平台。社区管理员 D Ruth Bavousett 今年购买该平台并尝试使用以后为 OpenHAB [写到](https://opensource.com/life/16/4/automating-your-home-openhab)：



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> “我所发现的其中一个有趣的模块是蓝牙绑定；它能够发现特定的已启用蓝牙的设备（比如你的智能手机、你孩子的那些设备）并且在这些设备到达或离开的时候采取行动－关门或开门、开灯、调节恒温器和关闭安全模式等等”
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查看这个能够与社交网络、即时消息和云 IoT 平台进行集成和通讯的[绑定和捆绑设备的完整列表](http://www.openhab.org/features/supported-technologies.html)。


OpenHAB 是 EPL 许可的，它的[源代码](https://github.com/openhab/openhab)托管在 GitHub 上。


### OpenToonz


[OpenToonz](https://opentoonz.github.io/e/index.html) 是一个 2D 动画生产软件。社区管理员 Joshua Allen 在 2016 年 3 月[报道](https://opensource.com/life/16/3/weekly-news-march-26)了它的开源版本，在 Opensource.com 网站的其他动画相关的文章中它也有被提及，但是我们并没有深入介绍，敬请期待。


现在，我们可以告诉你的是， OpenToonz 有许多独一无二的特性，包括 GTS，它是吉卜力工作室（Studio Ghibli ）开发的一个生成工具，还有一个用于图像处理的[效果插件 SDK](https://github.com/opentoonz/plugin_sdk)。


如果想讨论开发和视频研究的话题，请查看 GitHub 上的[论坛](https://github.com/opentoonz/opentoonz/issues)。 OpenToonz 的[源代码](https://github.com/opentoonz/opentoonz)托管在 GitHub 上，该项目是以 BSD 许可证发布。


### Roundcube


[Roundcube](https://roundcube.net/) 是一个现代化、基于浏览器的邮件客户端，它提供了邮箱用户使用桌面客户端时可能用到的许多（如果不是全部）功能。它有许多特性，包括支持超过 70 种语言、集成拼写检查、拖放界面、功能丰富的通讯簿、 HTML 电子邮件撰写、多条件搜索、 PGP 加密支持、会话线索等。 Roundcube 可以作为许多用户的邮件客户端的偶尔的替代品工作。


在我们的 [Gmail的开源替代品](https://opensource.com/alternatives/gmail) 综述中， Roundcube 和另外四个邮件客户端均被包含在内。


其以 [GPLv3](https://github.com/roundcube/roundcubemail/blob/master/LICENSE) 许可证发布，你可以在 GitHub 上找到 Roundcube 的[源代码](https://github.com/roundcube/roundcubemail)。除了直接[下载](https://roundcube.net/download/)、安装该项目，你也可以在许多完整的邮箱服务器软件中找到它，如 [Groupware](http://kolab.org/)、[iRedMail](http://www.iredmail.org/)、[Mail-in-a-Box](https://mailinabox.email/) 和 [mailcow](https://mailcow.email/)。


这就是我们的列表了。在 2016 年，你有什么喜爱的开源项目吗？喜爱的原因呢？请在下面的评论框发表。




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作者简介：


![](/data/attachment/album/201702/14/090850q5bl6jg6llgjy56l.png)


Jen Wike Huger - Jen Wike Huger 是 Opensource.com 网站的内容管理员。她负责日期发布、协调编辑团队并指导新作者和已有作者。请在 Twitter 上关注她　@jenwike， 并在 Jen.io 上查看她的更多个人简介。


 




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via: <https://opensource.com/article/16/12/yearbook-top-10-open-source-projects>


作者：[Jen Wike Huger](https://opensource.com/users/jen-wike) 译者：[ucasFL](https://github.com/ucasFL) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
We continue to be impressed with the wonderful open source projects that emerge, grow, change, and evolve every year. Picking 10 to include in our annual list of top projects is no small feat, and certainly no list this short can include every deserving project.

To choose our 10, we looked back at popular open source projects our writers covered in 2016, and collected suggestions from our Community Moderators. After a round of nominations and voting by our moderators, our editorial team narrowed down the final list.

So here they are, our top 10 open source projects of 2016:

## Atom

[Atom](https://atom.io/) is a hackable text editor from GitHub. Jono Bacon [wrote](https://opensource.com/life/16/2/culture-pluggable-open-source) about its "simple core" earlier this year, exclaiming approval for open source projects that give users options.

"[Atom] delivers the majority of the core features and settings that most users likely will want, but is missing many of the more advanced or specific features some users may want. … Atom provides a powerful framework that allows pretty much any part of Atom to be changed and expanded."

To get started contributing, read the [guide](https://github.com/atom/atom/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md). To connect with other users and the community, find Atom on [GitHub](https://github.com/atom/atom), [Discuss](http://discuss.atom.io/), and [Slack](http://atom-slack.herokuapp.com/).

Atom is [MIT](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/atom/atom/master/LICENSE.md) licensed and the [source code](https://github.com/atom/atom) is hosted on GitHub.

## Eclipse Che

[Eclipse Che](http://www.eclipse.org/che/) is a next-generation online integrated development environment (IDE) and developer workspace. Joshua Allen Holm brought us a [review](https://opensource.com/life/16/11/introduction-eclipse-che) of Eclipse Che in November 2016, which provided a look at the developer community behind the project, its innovative use of container technology, and popular languages it supports out of the box.

"The ready-to-go bundled stacks included with Eclipse Che cover most of the modern popular languages. There are stacks for C++, Java, Go, PHP, Python, .NET, Node.js, Ruby on Rails, and Android development. A Stack Library provides even more options and if that is not enough, there is the option to create a custom stack that can provide specialized environments."

You can test out Eclipse Che in an online [hosted account](https://www.eclipse.org/che/getting-started/cloud/), through a [local installation](https://www.eclipse.org/che/getting-started/download/), or in your preferred [cloud provider](https://bitnami.com/stack/eclipse-che). The [source code](https://github.com/eclipse/che/) can be found on GitHub under an [Eclipse Public License](https://github.com/eclipse/che/blob/master/LICENSE).

## FreeCAD

[FreeCAD](http://www.freecadweb.org/) is written in Python and one of the many computer-aided design—or computer-aided drafting—tools available to create design specifications for real-world objects. Jason Baker wrote about FreeCAD in [3 open source alternatives to AutoCAD](https://opensource.com/alternatives/autocad).

"FreeCAD can import and export from a variety of common formats for 3D objects, and its modular architecture makes it easy to extend the basic functionality with various plug-ins. The program has many built-in interface options, from a sketcher to renderer to even a robot simulation ability."

FreeCAD is [LGPL](https://github.com/FreeCAD/FreeCAD/blob/master/COPYING) licensed and the [source code](https://github.com/FreeCAD/FreeCAD) is hosted on GitHub.

## GnuCash

[GnuCash](https://www.gnucash.org/) is a cross-platform open source desktop solution for managing your personal and small business accounts. Jason Baker included GnuCash in our [roundup](https://opensource.com/life/16/1/3-open-source-personal-finance-tools-linux) of the open source alternatives to Mint and Quicken for personal finance.

GnuCash "features multi-entry bookkeeping, can import from a wide range of formats, handles multiple currencies, helps you create budgets, prints checks, creates custom reports in Scheme, and can import from online banks and pull stock quotes for you directly."

You can find GnuCash's [source code](https://github.com/Gnucash/) on GitHub under a GPL [version 2 or 3 license](https://github.com/Gnucash/gnucash/blob/master/LICENSE).

An honorable mention goes to GnuCash alternative [KMyMoney](https://kmymoney.org/), which also received a nomination for our list, and is another great option for keeping your finances in Linux.

## Kodi

[Kodi](https://kodi.tv/) is an open source media center solution, formerly known as XBMC, which works on a variety of devices as a do-it-yourselfer's tool to building a set-top box for playing movies, TV, music, and more. It is heavily customizable, and supports numerous skins, plugins, and a variety of remote control devices (including its own custom Android remote for your phone).

Although we didn't cover Kodi in-depth this year, it kept popping up in articles on building a home Linux [music server](https://opensource.com/life/16/1/how-set-linux-based-music-server-home), media [management tools](https://opensource.com/life/16/6/tinymediamanager-catalogs-your-movie-and-tv-files), and even a previous poll on favorite open source [video players](https://opensource.com/life/15/11/favorite-open-source-video-player). (If you're using Kodi at home and want to write about your experience, [let us know](https://opensource.com/how-submit-article).)

The [source code](https://github.com/xbmc/xbmc) to Kodi can be found on GitHub under a [GPLv2](https://github.com/xbmc/xbmc/blob/master/LICENSE.GPL) license.

## MyCollab

[MyCollab](https://community.mycollab.com/) is a suite of tools for customer relationship management, document management, and project management. Community Moderator Robin Muilwijk covered the details of the project management tool MyCollab-Project in his roundup of [Top 11 project management tools for 2016](https://opensource.com/business/16/3/top-project-management-tools-2016).

"MyCollab-Project includes many features, like a Gantt chart and milestones, time tracking, and issue management. It also supports agile development models with its Kanban board. MyCollab-Project comes in three editions, of which the [community edition](https://github.com/MyCollab/mycollab) is the free and open source option."

Installing MyCollab requires a Java runtime and MySQL stack. Visit the [MyCollab site](https://community.mycollab.com/docs/developing-mycollab/how-can-i-contribute-to-mycollab/) to learn how to contribute to the project.

MyCollab is AGPLv3 licensed and the [source code](https://github.com/MyCollab/mycollab) is hosted on GitHub.

## OpenAPS

[OpenAPS](https://openaps.org/) is another project that our moderators found interesting in 2016, but also one that we have yet to cover in depth. OpenAPS, the Open Artificial Pancreas System project, is an open source project devoted to improving the lives of people with Type 1 diabetes.

The project includes "[a safety-focused reference design,](https://openaps.org/reference-design) a[ toolset](https://github.com/openaps/openaps), and an open source [reference implementation](https://github.com/openaps/oref0/)" designed for device manufacturers or any individual to be able to build their own artificial pancreas device to be able to safely regulate blood glucose levels overnight by adjusting insulin levels. Although potential users should examine the project carefully and discuss it with their healthcare provider before trying to build or use the system themselves, the project founders hope opening up technology will accelerate the research and development pace across the medical devices industry to discover solutions and bring them to market even faster.

## OpenHAB

[OpenHAB](http://www.openhab.org/) is a home automation platform with a pluggable architecture. Community Moderator D Ruth Bavousett [wrote](https://opensource.com/life/16/4/automating-your-home-openhab) about OpenHAB after buying a home this year and trying it out.

"One of the interesting modules I found was the Bluetooth binding; it can watch for the presence of specific Bluetooth-enabled devices (your smartphone, and those of your children, for instance) and take action when that device arrives or leaves—lock or unlock doors, turn on lights, adjust your thermostat, turn off security modes, and so on."

Check out the [full list of binding and bundles](http://www.openhab.org/features/supported-technologies.html) that provide integration and communication with social networks, instant messaging, cloud IoT platforms, and more.

OpenHAB is EPL licensed and the [source code](https://github.com/openhab/openhab) is hosted on GitHub.

## OpenToonz

[OpenToonz](https://opentoonz.github.io/e/index.html) is production software for 2D animation. Community Moderator Joshua Allen Holm [reported](https://opensource.com/life/16/3/weekly-news-march-26) on its open source release in March 2016, and it has been mentioned in other animation-related articles on Opensource.com, but we haven't covered it in depth. Stay tuned for that.

In the meantime, we can tell you that there are a number of features unique to OpenToonz, including GTS, which is a spanning tool developed by Studio Ghibli, and [a plug-in effect SDK](https://github.com/opentoonz/plugin_sdk) for image processing.

To discuss development and video research topics, check out the [forum](https://github.com/opentoonz/opentoonz/issues) on GitHub. OpenToonz [source code](https://github.com/opentoonz/opentoonz) is hosted on GitHub and the project is licensed under a modified BSD license.

## Roundcube

[Roundcube](https://roundcube.net/) is a modern, browser-based email client that provides much—if not all—of the functionality email users may be used to with a desktop client. Featuring support for more than 70 languages, integrated spell-checking, a drag-and-drop interface, a feature-rich address book, HTML email composition, multiple search features, PGP encryption support, threading, and more, Roundcube can work as a drop-in replacement email client for many users.

Roundcube was included along with four other solutions in our roundup of open source [alternatives to Gmail](https://opensource.com/alternatives/gmail).

You can find the [source code](https://github.com/roundcube/roundcubemail) to Roundcube on GitHub under a [GPLv3](https://github.com/roundcube/roundcubemail/blob/master/LICENSE) license. In addition to [downloading](https://roundcube.net/download/) and installing the project directly, you can also find it inside many complete email server packages, including [Kolab Groupware](http://kolab.org/), [iRedMail](http://www.iredmail.org/), [Mail-in-a-Box](https://mailinabox.email/), and [mailcow](https://mailcow.email/).

That's it for our list. What was your favorite open source project in 2016, and why? Let us know in the comments below.

## 3 Comments