2021 年要尝试的 3 个新的 Java 工具
Java 容器 微服务

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> 通过这三个工具和框架，为你的企业级 Java 应用和你的职业生涯提供助力。
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![](/data/attachment/album/202103/29/212649w9j5e05b0ppi9bew.jpg "Person drinking a hot drink at the computer")


尽管在 Kubernetes 上广泛使用 [Python](https://opensource.com/resources/python)、[Go](https://opensource.com/article/18/11/learning-golang) 和 [Node.js](https://opensource.com/article/18/7/node-js-interactive-cli) 实现 [人工智能](https://opensource.com/article/18/12/how-get-started-ai) 和机器学习应用以及 [无服务函数](https://opensource.com/article/19/4/enabling-serverless-kubernetes)，但 Java 技术仍然在开发企业应用中发挥着关键作用。根据 [开发者经济学](https://developereconomics.com/) 的数据，在 2020 年第三季度，全球有 800 万名企业 Java 开发者。


虽然这门语言已经存在了超过 25 年，但 Java 世界中总是有新的趋势、工具和框架，可以为你的应用和你的职业生涯赋能。


绝大多数 Java 框架都是为具有动态行为的长时间运行的进程而设计的，这些动态行为用于运行可变的应用服务器，例如物理服务器和虚拟机。自从 Kubernetes 容器在 2014 年发布以来，情况已经发生了变化。在 Kubernetes 上使用 Java 应用的最大问题是通过减少内存占用、加快启动和响应时间以及减少文件大小来优化应用性能。


### 3 个值得考虑的新 Java 框架和工具


Java 开发人员也一直在寻找更简便的方法，将闪亮的新开源工具和项目集成到他们的 Java 应用和日常工作中。这极大地提高了开发效率，并激励更多的企业和个人开发者继续使用 Java 栈。


当试图满足上述企业 Java 生态系统的期望时，这三个新的 Java 框架和工具值得你关注。


#### 1、Quarkus


[Quarkus](https://quarkus.io/) 旨在以惊人的快速启动时间、超低的常驻内存集（RSS）和高密度内存利用率，在 Kubernetes 等容器编排平台中开发云原生的微服务和无服务。根据 JRebel 的 [第九届全球 Java 开发者生产力年度报告](https://www.jrebel.com/resources/java-developer-productivity-report-2021)，Java 开发者对 Quarkus 的使用率从不到 1% 上升到 6%，[Micronaut](https://micronaut.io/) 和 [Vert.x](https://vertx.io/) 均从去年的 1% 左右分别增长到 4% 和 2%。


#### 2、Eclipse JKube


[Eclipse JKube](https://www.eclipse.org/jkube/) 使 Java 开发者能够使用 [Docker](https://opensource.com/resources/what-docker)、[Jib](https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/jib) 或 [Source-To-Image](https://www.openshift.com/blog/create-s2i-builder-image) 构建策略，基于云原生 Java 应用构建容器镜像。它还能在编译时生成 Kubernetes 和 OpenShift 清单，并改善开发人员对调试、观察和日志工具的体验。


#### 3、MicroProfile


[MicroProfile](https://opensource.com/article/18/1/eclipse-microprofile) 解决了与优化企业 Java 的微服务架构有关的最大问题，而无需采用新的框架或重构整个应用。此外，MicroProfile [规范](https://microprofile.io/)（即 Health、Open Tracing、Open API、Fault Tolerance、Metrics、Config）继续与 [Jakarta EE](https://opensource.com/article/18/5/jakarta-ee) 的实现保持一致。


### 总结


很难说哪个 Java 框架或工具是企业 Java 开发人员实现的最佳选择。只要 Java 栈还有改进的空间，并能加速企业业务的发展，我们就可以期待新的框架、工具和平台的出现，比如上面的三个。花点时间看看它们是否能在 2021 年改善你的企业 Java 应用。




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via: <https://opensource.com/article/21/3/enterprise-java-tools>


作者：[Daniel Oh](https://opensource.com/users/daniel-oh) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
Despite the popularity of [Python](https://opensource.com/resources/python), [Go](https://opensource.com/article/18/11/learning-golang), and [Node.js](https://opensource.com/article/18/7/node-js-interactive-cli) for implementing [artificial intelligence](https://opensource.com/article/18/12/how-get-started-ai) and machine learning applications and [serverless functions](https://opensource.com/article/19/4/enabling-serverless-kubernetes) on Kubernetes, Java technologies still play a key role in developing enterprise applications. According to [ Developer Economics](https://developereconomics.com/), in Q3 2020, there were 8 million enterprise Java developers worldwide.

Although the programming language has been around for more than 25 years, there are always new trends, tools, and frameworks in the Java world that can empower your applications and your career.

The vast majority of Java frameworks are designed for long-running processes with dynamic behaviors for running mutable application servers such as physical servers and virtual machines. Things have changed since Kubernetes containers were unleashed in 2014. The biggest issue with using Java applications on Kubernetes is with optimizing application performance by decreasing memory footprints, speeding start and response times, and reducing file sizes.

## 3 new Java frameworks and tools to consider


Java developers are also always looking for easier ways to integrate shiny new open source tools and projects into their Java applications and daily work. This significantly increases development productivity and motivates more enterprises and individual developers to keep using the Java stack.

When trying to meet the expectations listed above for the enterprise Java ecosystem, these three new Java frameworks and tools are worth your attention.

### 1. Quarkus

[Quarkus](https://quarkus.io/) is designed to develop cloud-native microservices and serverless with amazingly fast boot time, incredibly low resident set size (RSS) memory, and high-density memory utilization in container orchestration platforms like Kubernetes. According to JRebel's [9th annual global Java developer productivity report](https://www.jrebel.com/resources/java-developer-productivity-report-2021 ), the usage of Quarkus by Java developers rose 6% from less than 1%, and [Micronaut](https://micronaut.io/ ) and [Vert.x](https://vertx.io/) grew to 4% and 2%, respectively, both up from roughly 1% last year.

### 2. Eclipse JKube

[Eclipse JKube](https://www.eclipse.org/jkube/) enables Java developers to build container images based on cloud-native Java applications using [Docker](https://opensource.com/resources/what-docker), [Jib](https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/jib), or [Source-To-Image](https://www.openshift.com/blog/create-s2i-builder-image) build strategies. It also generates Kubernetes and OpenShift manifests at compile time and improves developers' experience with debug, watch, and logging tools.

### 3. MicroProfile

[MicroProfile](https://opensource.com/article/18/1/eclipse-microprofile) solves the biggest problems related to optimizing enterprise Java for a microservices architecture without adopting new frameworks or refactoring entire applications. Furthermore, MicroProfile [specifications](https://microprofile.io/) (i.e., Health, Open Tracing, Open API, Fault Tolerance, Metrics, Config) continue to develop in alignment with [Jakarta EE](https://opensource.com/article/18/5/jakarta-ee) implementation.

## Conclusion

It's hard to say which Java frameworks or tools are the best choices for enterprise Java developers to implement. As long as there is room for improvement in the Java stack and accelerating enterprise businesses, we can expect new frameworks, tools, and platforms, like the three above, to become available. Spend some time looking at them to see if they can improve your enterprise Java applications in 2021.

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