如何让 KDE 看起来像 GNOME
KDE GNOME

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> 在不放弃你的 Plasma 桌面的情况下获得 GNOME 的感觉。
> 
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> 


![](/data/attachment/album/202202/28/121405fxmzdms3a4p4mspa.jpg "Digital images of a computer desktop")


GNOME 有一种极简主义设计的倾向。它是一种美丽的桌面体验，并且是第一个在我使用 Linux 时引起别人赞叹的自由桌面。然后（请原谅我的形而上的哲学思考），没有复杂性就没有极简主义，而 KDE 以其极具定制性而闻名。我认为测试一下 KDE 的配置可能会很有趣，并尝试在 KDE Plasma 桌面上重新实现，至少在表面上实现 GNOME 的体验。


如果你尝试这个，请在一个临时用户帐户中进行。这些变化相对来说比较剧烈，撤销它以回到你的标准 KDE 布局可能是一个很大的工作。


### Adwaita 主题


GNOME 的默认主题叫做 Adwaita，是为 GTK 设计的，这是 GNOME 用于窗口和部件的工具包。KDE 使用 Qt 工具包，但 Fedora-Qt 项目已经开发了一个模仿 Adwaita 的 Qt 主题。这是在 KDE 上模仿 GNOME 的第一步，也是最明显的一步。使用你的发行版的包管理器安装 Adwaita for Qt：



```
$ sudo dnf install adwaita-qt{,5}

```

在基于 Debian 的发行版上，请使用 `apt` 命令而不是 `dnf`。


安装完毕后，进入“<ruby> 系统设置 <rt>  System Settings </rt></ruby>”，选择“<ruby> 应用风格 <rt>  Application Style </rt></ruby>”。选择你喜欢的 Adwaita 主题变体：有一个浅色主题和一个深色主题，以及两者之间的变化。点击“<ruby> 应用 <rt>  Apply </rt></ruby>”按钮来更新你的主题，但先不要关闭这个控制面板。


### 窗口装饰


在“<ruby> 应用风格 <rt>  Application Style </rt></ruby>”窗口的左侧面板中选择“<ruby> 窗口装饰 <rt>  Window Decorations </rt></ruby>”分类。如果有一个适合 Adwaita 的标题栏样式，通过选择它并点击“<ruby> 应用 <rt>  Apply </rt></ruby>”来激活它。如果没有安装额外的装饰，点击面板右下方的“<ruby> 获取新窗口装饰 <rt>  Get new window decorations </rt></ruby>”按钮，下载合适的东西。我使用了用户 x-varlesh-x 提供的 “Arc” 主题，但你可以四处看看，看看什么最适合你的其他主题。


GNOME 著名的是它的窗口标题栏上只有一个按钮，所以导航到“<ruby> 标题栏按钮 <rt>  Titlebar Buttons </rt></ruby>”标签，然后通过将“<ruby> 关闭 <rt>  Close </rt></ruby>”按钮从标题栏图像拖到处置区域来删除所有按钮。


![Removing buttons](/data/attachment/album/202202/28/121413idyu922u2cbo2f5b.jpg "Removing buttons")


取消选择“<ruby> 显示标题栏按钮提示 <rt>  Show titlebar button tooltips </rt></ruby>”，因为 GNOME 不倾向于在系统部件上做提示。


点击“<ruby> 应用 <rt>  Apply </rt></ruby>”来保存你的修改。


### GTK 主题


在 KDE 上，使用 GTK 的应用通常会被重新主题化成与 KDE 的默认主题一致。现在你已经把你的主题从 KDE Breeze 改为 GNOME Adwaita，你必须告诉 GTK 使用 Adwaita 主题。


点击“<ruby> 应用风格 <rt>  Application Style </rt></ruby>”面板底部的“<ruby> 配置 GNOME/GTK 应用风格 <rt>  Configure GNOME/GTK application style </rt></ruby>”按钮，在下拉菜单中选择 “Adwaita”。


### 工作区行为


GNOME 在视觉上比 KDE 更安静，所以在“<ruby> 系统设置 <rt>  System Settings </rt></ruby>”中找到“<ruby> 工作区行为 <rt>  Workspace behavior </rt></ruby>”面板，停用“<ruby> 在鼠标悬停时显示信息提示 <rt>  Display informational tooltips on mouse hover </rt></ruby>”和“<ruby> 显示状态变化的视觉反馈 <rt>  Display visual feedback for status changes </rt></ruby>”。


你也可以把打开文件和文件夹改为需要双击而不是单击（在实际中，这对我来说太不方便了）。


### 图标和光标


你可以在“<ruby> 系统设置 <rt>  System Settings </rt></ruby>”中把光标改为 Adwaita 主题，然后选择一个图标主题。我喜欢 Breeze 的图标，但它们确实感觉像 KDE。GNOME 使用 Adwaita 图标集，但由于它们是为 GNOME 设计的，所以缺少一些重要的 KDE 组件的图标。你可以点击“<ruby> 图标 <rt>  Icons </rt></ruby>”控制面板中的“<ruby> 获取新图标 <rt>  Get New Icons </rt></ruby>”按钮来浏览很多图标集，最后我选择了用户 alvatip 提供的 “Nordzy”。不过，有很多不错的图标集可用，查看它们，看看你喜欢什么。我发现任何不属于 Breeze 的东西都会使 KDE 看起来与我习惯的东西有足够的不同。


### 系统面板


GNOME 的面板在屏幕的顶部，而 KDE 的面板默认在屏幕的底部。GNOME 的面板在默认情况下也是比较空的，所以我发现最简单的做法是先把当前的 KDE 面板完全删除。


右键点击并选择“<ruby> 编辑面板 <rt>  Edit panel </rt></ruby>”。进入编辑模式后，再次右键点击面板，选择“<ruby> 删除面板 <rt>  Remove panel </rt></ruby>”。当它消失了，右击桌面上的任何地方，选择“<ruby> 添加面板 <rt>  Add panel </rt></ruby>”并添加一个空面板。这样就在屏幕底部添加了一个面板，所以右击它，选择“<ruby> 编辑面板 <rt>  Edit panel </rt></ruby>”，然后点击并拖动“<ruby> 屏幕边缘 <rt>  Screen Edge </rt></ruby>”按钮到屏幕的顶部。


当仍处于编辑模式时，点击“<ruby> 添加部件 <rt>  Add widgets </rt></ruby>”按钮，将“<ruby> 应用仪表板 <rt>  Application dashboard </rt></ruby>”部件添加到面板的最左端。然后从“<ruby> 编辑面板 <rt>  Edit panel </rt></ruby>”视图中添加一个“<ruby> 间隔 <rt>  Spacer </rt></ruby>”块，然后是一个“<ruby> 时钟 <rt>  Clock </rt></ruby>”，然后是另一个“<ruby> 间隔 <rt>  Spacer </rt></ruby>”。你可以拖动这些小部件来排列它们，所以我发现最简单的做法是添加上应用仪表板和时钟，然后是两个间隔，再把它们排列起来。


![Editing the panel](/data/attachment/album/202202/28/121413n2g18q203dy570y8.jpg "Editing the panel")


你可以右键点击每个小组件来定制图标和布局。例如，我把日期从时钟上移走了，因为它在附加了日期后看起来很挤，尽管 GNOME 确实包含了日期。


通过进入“<ruby> 系统设置 <rt>  System Settings </rt></ruby>”，选择一个深色的 Plasma 主题，比如 “Breeze Dark”，将面板改为黑色。


### GNOME Plasma 桌面


通过一些快速的调整，你的桌面现在在各个方面接近于 GNOME。布局是类似的。


![GNOME layout](/data/attachment/album/202202/28/121413jq45vuvv6fv13mv4.jpg "GNOME layout")


应用仪表板提供了一个 GNOME 风格的应用启动器。


![Application dashboard](/data/attachment/album/202202/28/121414hbcaz56b8jjbqq8b.jpg "Application dashboard")


其他小的修改进一步有助于产生这种错觉。例如，我简化了 Dolphin 文件管理器，去掉了“<ruby> 位置 <rt>  Places </rt></ruby>”面板，也去掉了工具栏上的大部分按钮。


### 一个不同的视角


这不是一个精确的匹配，比我更具钻研精神的人可以做的更多，得到更接近正确的结果。然而，像这样有趣的变化证明了 KDE 是多么的灵活，拥有大量的选项意味着你可以缩减你的交互内容以适应你的偏好。一个类似 GNOME 的桌面可以给你一个新的视角来看待你与桌面的互动，即使你不会永远保持这种布局，它可以帮助你发现你可能没有想到要寻找的选项。




---


via: <https://opensource.com/article/22/2/make-kde-look-like-gnome>


作者：[Seth Kenlon](https://opensource.com/users/seth) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
GNOME has a tendency for minimalist design. It's a beautiful desktop experience, and holds the honor of being the first free desktop that's ever elicited vocalized admiration from someone looking over my shoulder as I use Linux. Then again (and pardon the armchair philosophizing), you can't have minimalism without complexity, and KDE is well known for being very customizable. I thought it might be fun to put KDE configuration to the test and try to re-implement, at least superficially, the GNOME experience in the KDE Plasma Desktop.

If you try this, do it in a temporary user account. These changes are relatively drastic, and undoing it to get back to your standard KDE layout can be a lot of work.

## Adwaita theme

The default GNOME theme, called Adwaita, was designed for GTK, which is the toolkit GNOME uses for windows and widgets. KDE uses the Qt toolkit, but the Fedora-Qt project has developed a Qt theme that mimics Adwaita. That's the first and most obvious step to mimic GNOME on KDE. Install Adwaita for Qt using your distribution's package manager:

`$ sudo dnf install adwaita-qt{,5}`



On Debian-based distributions, use the `apt`

command instead of `dnf`

.

Once that's installed, go to **System Settings **and select **Application Style**. Select the Adwaita theme variant you prefer: there's a light theme and a dark theme, and variations in between. Click the **Apply **button to update your theme, but don't close this control panel yet.

## Window decoration

Select the **Window Decoration**s category in the left panel of the **Application Style** window. If there's a title bar style that fits with Adwaita, activate it by selecting it and clicking **Apply**. If there's no extra decoration installed, click the **Get new window decorations** button in the bottom right of the panel and download something appropriate. I used the **Arc** theme by user x-varlesh-x, but you can look around and see what fits best with the rest of your theme.

GNOME famously has just one button on its window title bar, so navigate to the **Titlebar Buttons** tab and remove all buttons but the **Close** button by dragging them from the title bar image to the disposal area.

![Removing buttons Removing buttons](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/kde-decoration-remove.jpg)

(Seth Kenlon, CC BY-SA 4.0)

Deselect the **Show titlebar button tooltips** because GNOME doesn't tend to do tooltips over system widgets.

Click **Apply** to save your changes.

## GTK theme

On KDE, applications using GTK are usually re-themed to match KDE's default. Now that you've changed your theme from KDE Breeze to GNOME Adwaita, you have to tell GTK to use the Adwaita theme.

Click the **Configure GNOME/GTK application style** button at the bottom of the **Application style** panel and select **Adwaita** from the drop-down menu.

## Workspace behavior

GNOME is visually quieter than KDE, so find the **Workspace behavior** panel in **System Settings** and deactivate **Display informational tooltips on mouse hover** and **Display visual feedback for status changes**.

You might also change opening files and folders to require a double-click rather than a single-click (in real life. this is a step too far for my liking.)

## Icons and cursors

You can change your cursors to the Adwaita theme here in **System Settings** and then choose an icon theme. I enjoy the Breeze icons but they do feel like KDE. GNOME uses the Adwaita icon set, but because they're designed for GNOME there are missing icons for some important KDE components. You can click the **Get New Icons** button in the **Icons** control panel to browse through lots of icon sets, and in the end I chose **Nordzy** by user alvatip. There are lots of great icon sets available, though, so look through them and see what you like. I found that anything that wasn't Breeze made KDE look sufficiently different from what I was used to.

## System panel

The GNOME panel is at the top of the screen, while KDE's panel defaults to the bottom of the screen. GNOME's panel is also a lot emptier by default, so I found it easiest to remove the current KDE panel altogether first.

Right-click on the kicker and select **Edit panel**. Once in edit mode, right-click on the panel again and select **Remove panel**. Once it's gone, right-click anywhere on the desktop and select **Add panel** and add an empty panel. This adds a panel to the bottom of the screen, so right-click on it, select **Edit panel**, and then click and drag the **Screen Edge **button to the top of the screen.

While still in edit mode, click the **Add widgets** button and add the **Application dashboard** widget to the far left end of the panel. Then add a **Spacer** block from the **Edit panel** view, then a **Clock**, and then another **Spacer**. You can drag these widgets to arrange them, so I found it easiest to add the application dashboard and clock together, then the two spaces, and then arranged them.

![Editing the panel Editing the panel](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/kde-panel-edit.jpg)

(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/))

You can right-click on each widget to customize icon and layout. For instance, I removed the date from the clock because it looked busy with the date appended, even though GNOME does include the date.

Change the panel to black by going to **System Settings** and choosing a dark Plasma theme, like **Breeze Dark**.

## GNOME Plasma Desktop

With a few quick adjustments, your desktop now approximates GNOME in a few different ways. The layout is similar.

![GNOME layout GNOME layout](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/kde-like-gnome_0.jpg)

(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/))

The application dashboard provides a GNOME-style application launcher.

![Application dashboard Application dashboard](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/kde-application-dashboard_0.jpg)

(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/))

Other minor modifications further aid in the illusion. For instance, I simplified the Dolphin file manager by removing the** Places** panel and by removing most buttons from the toolbar.

## A different perspective

It's not an exact match, and someone far more pedantic than I could work harder and get a lot closer to the right results. However, fun changes like this demonstrate just how flexible KDE really is, and how having lots of options means you can pare down what you interact with to fit your preference. A GNOME-like desktop can give you a new perspective on how you interact with your desktop, even if you don't keep the layout forever, and it helps you discover options you may not have thought to look for otherwise.

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