手动续订 SSL 证书的简单指南
SSL HTTPS
![](/data/attachment/album/202207/17/190358hylhj5yly5rh5pe5.jpg)


*在本杂志 2022 年 4 月号中，我们了解了不同类型的 SSL 证书及其应用。本文介绍如何手动更新现有 SSL 证书，以使其保持最新的安全要求。*


当访问者与你的网站互动并分享信用卡号码等关键细节时，他们相信他们的信息已得到保护，不会被滥用。因此，你有责任尊重这种信任并为你网站上的所有访问者提供全面保护。不这样做不仅会使你失去客户的忠诚度，而且还可能使你陷入法律困境。在许多情况下，无法保护客户数据免遭泄露、盗窃或滥用的网站被迫支付巨额罚款，同时也失去了声誉。


#### SSL 证书如何保护客户的数据？


保护敏感客户信息的最佳方法之一是使用 SSL（安全套接字层）证书保护你的站点。用不涉及技术细节的话来说，SSL 证书对 Web 服务器和访问者浏览器之间的通信进行加密，从而使黑客或威胁参与者在技术上不可能窃取传输中的数据。 SSL 建立了一个安全的握手过程来解密加密的信息，这个过程太复杂了，人类甚至软件都无法破解。（LCTT 校注：此处言过其实，SSL 加密传输的信息并不是绝对不可截获和破解的，比如中间人攻击等。）


#### 为什么需要更新 SSL 证书？


虽然 SSL 证书提供了防止数据盗窃或滥用的安全性，但你需要定期更新它以确保最有效的安全性以抵御最新的威胁。本文将列出以正确方式更新 SSL 证书的分步说明。


更新 SSL 证书有很多好处：


* 及时更新验证你的网站的身份。
* 获得更新的安全性。
* 一年有效期促进定期更新/升级保护范围的健康实践，从而消除与过时版本相关的风险。



> 
> 注意：最佳做法是选择一种自动续订方式，以减轻你记住续订日期或手动执行相关步骤的压力。
> 
> 
> 


#### 有点跑题了，构建你自己的 SSL 证书的纯开源方式


是的，这绝对是真的！通过一些简化和紧凑的步骤，你实际上可以从头开始构建自己的 SSL 证书！虽然整个过程超出了本文的范围，但这里有一些可用于创建 SSL 证书的关键开源组件和工具。


* OpenSSL：这是实现 TLS 和加密库的高度可信的工具。
* EasyRSA：此命令行工具使你能够构建 PKI CA 并有效地管理它。
* CFSSL：Cloudflare 终于为 PKI 和 TLS 构建了一个多用途、多功能的工具。
* Lemur：由 Netflix 开发的还不错的 TLS 生成器。


### 如何更新你的 SSL 证书


虽然 [SSL](https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwitou7xjv_3AhWLRmwGHVZ2BWwQFnoECB0QAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fopenssl%2Fopenssl&usg=AOvVaw0niwMRCpb4nN_PtJFMQwWP) 更新的一般过程保持不变，但可能会有一些细微的调整和变化，具体取决于你的特定 SSL 提供商。


更新过程遵循三个主要步骤：CSR（证书签名请求）生成、证书激活，最后是证书安装。


**生成 CSR：** 对于 cPanel 托管面板，你可以单击“<ruby> 安全 <rt>  Security </rt></ruby>”选项卡并搜索 *SSL/TLS* 选项。它将显示一个页面，在 CSR 选项下方有一个链接。这里可以帮助你为所需的域名生成新的 CSR。


系统将询问你详细的联系信息，以确认你是真正的域所有者。填写表格后，你将获得证书重新激活所需的 CSR 代码。


**激活 SSL 证书：** 在你的仪表板中，你可以快速查看拥有的 SSL 证书、域和其他数字基础设施产品。单击该按钮开始 SSL 续订过程。输入之前生成的 CSR，确认信息的准确性。你现在可以验证 SSL 续订过程。


**验证 SSL 证书：** 系统将再次提示你确认域所有权 —— 输入与域相关的电子邮件；在需要安装证书的 Web 服务器上上传文件；借助 CNAME 记录验证 SSL 证书等等。虽然有多种选择，但最好和最简单的方法是通过电子邮件进行验证。输入与该域关联的电子邮件后，你将收到一封包含特定链接的电子邮件，然后是另一封邮件，其中包含带有 `.crt` 扩展名的新证书文件。


**安装 SSL 证书：** 你的主机托管商将为你提供与支持团队沟通的方式，以安装更新文件，或为你提供有关如何通过 cPanel 手动执行此操作的详细说明。请记住，不同的主机提供不同的续订方式。也就是说，如果你是非技术人员，那么联系支持团队将是你的最佳选择。


如需手动更新，请访问 cPanel 的 “SSL/TLS” 页并找到 “<ruby> 管理 SSL 站点 <rt>  Manage SSL sites </rt></ruby>”选项。它包含了你拥有的整个域列表。对应每个域名，你可以看到证书更新选项。


在旁边的页面中，使用“<ruby> 按域自动填写 <rt>  Autofill by Domain </rt></ruby>”选项输入“<ruby> 私钥 <rt>  Private Key </rt></ruby>”的详细信息。在 “<ruby> 证书 <rt>  Certificate </rt></ruby>” 选项下，填写你的 `.crt` 文件的详细信息。离完成就剩一步了。只需单击显示“<ruby> 安装证书 <rt>  Install Certificate </rt></ruby>”的按钮。


除了保存用户的关键数据和敏感信息外，SSL 证书还通过重申你网站上共享的数据是安全的来建立信任。由于谷歌认为 SSL 认证是一种健康的做法，因此它也会对你的 SEO 产生积极影响。但是，要继续享受此证书的最佳安全性，你需要定期更新它。这可以确保你的网站根据最新的安全要求，充分防止数据传输中的攻击。




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via: <https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/07/manual-renewal-of-ssl-certificates-a-simple-guide/>


作者：[Jitendra Bhojwani](https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/jitendra-bhojwani/) 选题：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
*In the April 2022 issue of this magazine, we read about the different types of SSL certificates and their applications. This article explains how to manually renew an existing SSL certificate, so that it stays updated with the latest security requirements.*

When visitors interact with your website and share critical details like credit card numbers, they trust that their information has been secured against misuse. So it becomes your responsibility to respect that trust and offer complete protection to all the visitors on your site. Failing to do so can not only cost you the loyalty of customers but may also put you in a legal soup. There have been many instances where websites that couldn’t protect their customers’ data against leakage, theft or misuse were forced to pay hefty penalties, and also lost their reputation.

### How does an SSL certificate secure customers’ data?

One of the best ways to protect sensitive customer information is to secure your site with an SSL (secure sockets layer) certificate. Without going into the technical nitty-gritties, an SSL certificate encrypts the communication between a Web server and the visitor’s browser, and thus makes it technically impossible for hackers or threat actors to steal data in transit. SSL establishes a secure handshake process to decrypt the encrypted information — a process that is too complex to be cracked by humans or even software.

### Why do you need to update your SSL certificate?

While an SSL certificate does offer security against data theft or misuse, you need to update it periodically to ensure the most effective security against the latest threats. This article will list the step-by-step instructions for renewing your SSL certificate in the right way.

There are quite a few benefits of updating an SSL certificate:

- Timely renewal authenticates your website’s identity.
- You get updated security.
- A one-year validity promotes the healthy practice of periodically renewing/upgrading the scope of protection, thus eliminating the risks associated with outdated versions.

Note: The best practice is to select an auto renewal option that relieves you from the stress of remembering the renewal date or manually following the related steps. |


### A bit off topic …a pure open source way to build your own SSL certificate

Yes, it is absolutely true! With some simplified and compact steps you can actually build your own SSL certificate from scratch! While the entire process is out of the scope of this article, here are a few key open source components and tools that you can use to create your SSL certificate.

**OpenSSL:**This is a highly credible tool to implement TLS and crypto libraries.**EasyRSA:**This command-line tool enables you to build PKI CA and manage it efficiently.**CFSSL:**Cloudflare has finally built a multi-purpose, multi-capability tool for PKI and TLS.**Lemur:**A fair enough TLS producer developed by Netflix.

## How to renew your SSL certificate

While the broad process of [SSL](https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwitou7xjv_3AhWLRmwGHVZ2BWwQFnoECB0QAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fopenssl%2Fopenssl&usg=AOvVaw0niwMRCpb4nN_PtJFMQwWP) renewal remains the same, there could be some minor tweaks and variations depending upon your specific SSL provider.

The renewal process follows three main steps — CSR (certificate signing request) generation, certificate activation and, finally, the certificate installation.

** Generating CSR: **For cPanel hosting panels, you can click on the Security tab and search for the

*SSL/TLS*option. It will display a screen that shows a link just under the CSR option. This section facilitates new CSR generation for your desired domain name.

You will be asked detailed contact information for confirming that you are the genuine domain owner. After filling the form, you will get a CSR code that is needed for certificate reactivation.

* Activating an SSL certificate: *In your dashboard, you can see a quick overview of the SSL certificate, domains and other digital infrastructure products that you own. Click this button to start the SSL renewal process. Enter the CSR generated a while ago and confirm the accuracy of the information. You can now validate the SSL renewal process.

* Validating the SSL certificate:* You will once again be prompted to confirm domain ownership. Enter your domain-associated email. Upload a file on the Web server where the certificate needs to be installed. Validate the SSL certificate with the help of CNAME records. While there are multiple options, it is best and easiest to validate it with an email. Once you enter the domain associated email, you will get an email containing a specific link followed by another mail that comprises the new certificate file with a .

*crt*extension.

* Installing the SSL certificate: *Your Web hosting provider will either give you an option for communicating with the support team for installing renewed files or provide you with the detailed instructions on how you can do it manually through your cPanel. Keep in mind that different hosts offer different options for renewal. That said, if you are a non-technical person then contacting the support team will be the best option for you.

For manual updating, visit the *SSL/TLS* section of your cPanel and find the *Manage SSL* sites option. It contains the entire domain list that you own. Corresponding to each domain name you can see the Certificate Renewal option.

In the screen next to it, enter the details in *Private Key* using the *Autofill* by *Domain* option. Under the *Certificate* option, fill the details of your .*crt file*. You are almost done. Just click the button that reads *Install Certificate*.

Along with saving the critical data and sensitive information of your users, the SSL certificate also builds trust by reaffirming that data shared on your site is secure. It can also affect your SEO profile positively as Google considers SSL certification a healthy practice. However, to continue enjoying the best security with this certificate, you need to update it periodically. This ensures that your site is fully secured against the data in transit attacks as per the latest security requirements.