Linux 黑话解释：什么是显示管理器？
显示管理器 黑话

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> 在这篇 Linux 黑话解释中，你将了解 Linux 中的显示管理器。它是桌面环境的一部分吗？它的作用是什么？
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### 什么是 Linux 中的显示管理器？


简单来说，<ruby> 显示管理器 <rt>  display manager </rt></ruby>（DM）是一个为你的 Linux 发行版提供图形登录功能的程序。它控制用户会话并管理用户认证。显示管理器会在你输入用户名和密码后，立即启动[显示服务器](https://itsfoss.com/display-server/)并加载[桌面环境](https://itsfoss.com/what-is-desktop-environment/)。


显示管理器通常是登录界面的代名词。毕竟它是可见的部分。然而，可见的登录屏幕，也叫<ruby> 欢迎页 <rt>  greeter </rt></ruby>，只是显示管理器的一部分。


![登录屏幕是显示管理器的可见部分](/data/attachment/album/202010/31/125316ikekhtu3kqkclqkk.jpg)


像[各种桌面环境](https://itsfoss.com/best-linux-desktop-environments/)和显示服务器一样，也有各种显示管理器。我们来看看它们。


### 不同的显示管理器


有些人认为显示管理器是桌面环境的一部分，但事实并非如此。它是一个独立的程序。


桌面环境可能会推荐某个显示管理器，但这并不意味着它不能与其它一些显示管理器一起工作。如果你曾经在同一个系统中安装过不止一个桌面环境，你会记得，登录界面（即显示管理器）允许你切换桌面环境。


![显示管理器可以与各种桌面环境配合使用](/data/attachment/album/202010/31/125150tulluvlvvzl19c21.jpg)


虽然显示管理器不是桌面环境本身的一部分，但它往往与桌面环境由同一个开发团队开发。它也成为桌面环境的代表。


例如，GNOME 桌面环境开发了 GDM（GNOME Display Manager），光看登录界面就会想到 GNOME 桌面环境。


![GNOME登录屏幕与GDM](/data/attachment/album/202010/31/125240v16ucum3edmi29fi.png)


一些流行的显示管理器有：


* [GDM](https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GDM)（<ruby> GNOME 显示管理器 <rt>  GNOME Display Manager </rt></ruby>）：GNOME 的首选。
* [SDDM](https://github.com/sddm)（<ruby> 简单桌面显示管理器 <rt>  Simple Desktop Display Manager </rt></ruby>)：KDE 首选。
* LightDM：由 Ubuntu 为 Unity 桌面开发。


### 显示管理器可以定制


有这么多的桌面环境可供选择，它们都有自己的显示管理器吗？不，不是这样的。


正如我之前提到的，可见的登录屏幕被称为欢迎页。这个欢迎页可以进行自定义来改变登录屏幕的外观。


事实上，许多发行版和/或桌面环境都制作了自己的欢迎页，以给用户提供一个类似于他们品牌的登录屏幕。


例如，Mint 的 Cinnamon 桌面使用了 LightDM，但有自己的欢迎页来给它更多的 Mint 式（或者我应该说是 Cinnamon）的外观。


![基于 LightDM 的 Linux Mint 登录屏幕](/data/attachment/album/202010/31/125244z2a8maaj40bc2tpr.jpg)


来看看 Kali Linux 的登录界面：


![Kali Linux 登录界面](/data/attachment/album/202010/31/125322hcc9pt76h7fkva7v.jpg)


如果你喜欢编码和调整，你可以根据自己的喜好修改或编码自己的欢迎页。


### 改变显示管理器


如果你愿意，可以[更改显示管理器](https://itsfoss.com/switch-gdm-and-lightdm-in-ubuntu-14-04/)。你需要先安装显示管理器。安装时你会看到切换显示管理器的选项。


![](/data/attachment/album/202010/31/125251sycruaiiiczbai1j.jpg)


如果当时没有做切换，那么以后可以通过手动配置来改变显示管理器。不同的发行版重新配置显示管理器的方法略有不同，这不在本文讨论范围内。


### 结语


希望大家对 Linux 中的显示管理器这个术语有一点了解。本黑话解释系列的目的是用非技术性的语言解释常见的 Linux 俗语和技术术语，而不涉及太多的细节。


欢迎大家提出意见和建议。




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via: <https://itsfoss.com/display-manager/>


作者：[Abhishek Prakash](https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
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![Warp Terminal](/assets/images/warp-terminal.webp)

GDM, LightDM, SSDM. You'll come across these terms in various Linux forum discussions.

These are display managers usually associated with certain desktop environments. Learn more about them in this article.

## What is display manager in Linux?

In simple terms, a display manager is a program that provides graphical login capabilities for your Linux distribution. It controls the user sessions and manages user authentication. Display manager starts the [display server](https://itsfoss.com/display-server/) and loads the [desktop environment](https://itsfoss.com/what-is-desktop-environment/) right after you enter your username and password.

The display manager is often synonymous with the login screen. It is the visible part of it after all. However, the visible login screen, also called greeter, is only a part of the display manager.

![login screen opensuse](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2018/05/login-screen-opensuse-800x474.jpg)

As with [various desktop environments](https://itsfoss.com/best-linux-desktop-environments/) and display servers, there are various display managers available as well. Let’s have a look at them.

## Different display managers

Some people think of the display manager as part of the desktop environment but that’s not the case. It is a separate program.

A desktop environment may recommend a certain display manager but it doesn’t mean that it won’t work with some other display manager. If you ever installed more than one desktop environment in the same system, you might remember that a login screen (i.e., the display manager) allows you to switch the desktop environments.

![Deepin Session Ubuntu](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2020/10/deepin-session-ubuntu.jpg)

Though the display manager is not part of the desktop environment, it is often developed by the same team as the desktop environment. It also becomes part of the identity of the desktop environment.

For example, the GNOME desktop environment develops GDM (GNOME Display Manager) and just by looking at the login screen, you would think of GNOME desktop environment.

![Login Screen 1](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2020/06/Login-screen-1.png)

Some popular display managers are:

- GDM (
[GNOME Display Manager](https://wiki.gnome.org/Projects/GDM?ref=itsfoss.com)): preferred by GNOME [SDDM](https://github.com/sddm?ref=itsfoss.com)(Simple Desktop Display Manager): preferred by KDE- LightDM: developed by Ubuntu for Unity desktop

## Display managers can be customized

There are so many desktop environments available. Do they all have their own display managers? No, that’s not the case.

As I mentioned previously, the visible login screen is called a greeter. This greeter can be customized to change the looks of the login screen.

In fact, many distributions and/or desktop environments have written their own greeters to give users a login screen that resembles their brand.

For example, Mint’s Cinnamon desktop uses LightDM but has its own greeter to give it more Mint-like (or should I say Cinnamon-like) looks.

![Linux Mint Login Screen](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2020/10/linux-mint-login-screen-800x418.jpg)

Take a look at Kali Linux’s login screen:

![Kali Linux Login Screen](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2020/10/kali-linux-login-screen.jpg)

If you are into coding and tweaking, you can modify or code your own greeter as per your liking.

## Changing display manager

You can [change the display manager](https://itsfoss.com/switch-gdm-and-lightdm-in-ubuntu-14-04/) if you want. You need to install the display manager first. You’ll see the option to switch the display manager while installing.

![Switch between gdm and lightdm](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2014/06/Switch_between_gdm_and_lightgdm_Ubuntu.jpeg)

If you didn’t do it initialy, then you can change the display manager by manually configuring it later. The method to reconfigure the display manager is slightly different for different distributions and not in the scope of this article.

**Conclusion**

I hope you have a slightly better understanding of the term “display manager” in Linux. The aim of this jargon buster series is to explain common Linux colloquial and technical terms in non-technical language without going into too much detail.

I welcome your comments and suggestion.