一步步教你如何安装 Arch Linux
Arch Linux 安装 发行版
![How to install Arch Linux](/data/attachment/album/201712/25/102347o3eceaeca1j9x1zl.png)



> 
> 简要说明：这一教程会教你如何用简单步骤安装 Arch Linux。
> 
> 
> 


[Arch Linux](https://www.archlinux.org/) 是一个 x86-64 通用发行版，它流行于那些喜欢 [DIY](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_it_yourself) Linux 系统的用户和 Linux 铁杆粉丝当中。其默认的安装文件只含有一个最基本的系统，它希望使用者自己配置并使用 Arch 系统。其基于 KISS 原则（<ruby> 使它保持简单、傻瓜 <rt>  Keep It Simple, Stupid! </rt></ruby>），Arch Linux 是一个专注于优雅、代码正确，精简而简洁的系统。


Arch 支持滚动发布模式，并且有自己的软件包管理器 —— [pacman](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/pacman)。为了提供一个先锐的操作系统，Arch 绝不会错失任何一个最新的源。实际上，它只提供了一个最小化的基本操作系统，使得你可以在低端硬件上安装 Arch，并且只安装你所必须的软件包。


同时，它也是最流行的从头开始学习 Linux 的操作系统之一。如果你想以 DIY 精神自己体验一番，你应该尝试一下 Arch Linux。 这被许多 Linux 用户视作核心的 Linux 体验。


在这篇文章里，我们会了解到如何安装、配置 Arch 并在其上安装桌面环境。


### 如何安装 Arch Linux


我们在这里讨论的安装方法是从你的电脑上**完全删除已有的操作系统** ，而后在其上安装 Arch Linux。如果你想遵循这一教程安装 Arch，请确保你已经备份了所有文件，否则你就会失去它们。切切。


在你从 USB 上安装 Arch 之前，请确保你已经满足了以下条件：


#### 安装 Arch Linux 的条件：


* 一个兼容 x86\_64（例如 64 位）的机器
* 最小 512M 内存（建议 2GB）
* 最少 1GB 的磁盘空余空间（日常使用推荐 20GB）
* 可以访问互联网
* 至少有 2GB 存储空间的 USB 存储器
* 熟悉 Linux 命令行


一旦你确认满足所有条件，就可以开始安装 Arch Linux 了。


#### 第一步：下载 ISO 文件


你可以从[官网](https://www.archlinux.org/download/)上下载 ISO。安装 Arch Linux 需要一个至少有 512M 内存和 800M 磁盘空间，并兼容 x86\_64 （如 64 位）的机器。不过，建议至少有 2G 内存和 20G 磁盘空间，这样安装桌面环境时就不会遇到麻烦。


#### 第二步：创建一个 Arch Linux 的现场版 USB 存储器


我们需要用你刚刚下载的 ISO 文件创建一个 Arch Linux 的<ruby> 现场版 <rt>  live </rt></ruby> USB 存储器。


如果你使用 Linux，你可以用 `dd` 命令来创建现场版 USB 存储器。 记得将下面的例子中的 `/path/to/archlinux.iso` 改成你的 ISO 文件的实际存储位置，`/dev/sdx` 改成你的磁盘设备号（例如 `/dev/sdb`）。你可以通过 [lsblk](https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/deployment_guide/s1-sysinfo-filesystems) 命令来了解你的设备信息。



```
dd bs=4M if=/path/to/archlinux.iso of=/dev/sdx status=progress && sync

```

在 Windows 下，有多种方法来创建现场版 USB 存储器。 推荐工具是 Rufus。我们之前已经有[如何使用这一工具创建Antergos 现场版 USB 存储器](https://itsfoss.com/live-usb-antergos/)的教程。因为 Antergos 发行版是基于 Arc h的，所以你可以使用同一教程。


#### 步骤三：从现场版 USB 存储器上启动


一旦你已经创建了 Arch Linux 的现场版 USB 存储器，关闭你的电脑。插上你的 USB 存储器然后启动系统。在开机启动时，持续按 F2、F10 或 F1 之类的按键（根据你的电脑型号而定）进入启动设置。在这里，选择“从 USB 存储器或可移除设备启动”这一项。


一旦你选择了它，你会看到这样一个选项：


![Arch Linux](/data/attachment/album/201712/25/102349b7keeap433ae5e3j.jpg)


选择“Boot Arch Linux (x86\_64)”。经过各种系统检查后，Arch Linux 会启动到 root 用户的命令行界面。


接下来的步骤包括磁盘分区、创建文件系统并挂载它。


#### 第四步：磁盘分区


第一步就是给你的硬盘分区。单根分区是最简单的，就在它上面创建根分区（`/`）分区、交换分区和 `home` 分区。


我有一个 19G 的硬盘，我想在这儿安装 Arch Linux。为了创建分区，输入：



```
fdisk /dev/sda

```

按 `n` 创建新分区。按 `p` 创建主分区，然后选择分区号。


第一个扇区会被自动选择，你只要按回车键。在确定分区的最后一个扇区时，请输入这一分区的大小。


用相同的方法为 `home` 和交换分区创建两个分区，按 `w` 来保存修改并退出。


![root partition](/data/attachment/album/201712/25/102350n8f4okn6cucpphfo.png)


#### 第四步：创建文件系统


因为我们已经有了三个分区，接下来就是创建文件系统来格式化分区。


我们用 `mkfs` 命令在根分区和 `home` 分区上创建文件系统，用 `mkswap` 创建交换分区。我们用 ext4 文件系统格式化磁盘。



```
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3

mkswap /dev/sda2
swapon /dev/sda2

```

将这些分区挂载在根分区和 `home` 分区下：



```
mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
mkdir /mnt/home
mount /dev/sda3 /mnt/home

```

#### 第五步：安装


我们已经创建分区并挂载了分区，开始安装最基本的软件包。基本的软件包包括了系统运行所必需的所有软件包。比如有 GNU BASH shell、文件压缩工具、文件系统管理工具、C 语言库、压缩工具、Linux 内核及其模块，类库、系统工具、USB 设备工具、Vi 文本编辑器等等。



```
pacstrap /mnt base base-devel

```

#### 第六步：配置系统


生成一个 `fstab` 文件来规定磁盘分区、块设备，或者远程文件系统是如何挂载进文件系统中的。



```
genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

```

进入 chroot 环境，这样可以为当前进程以及子进程切换当前根目录。



```
arch-chroot /mnt

```

一些需要与数据总线保持连接的 systemd 工具不能在 chroot 环境下使用，所以需要从当前环境退出。想要退出 chroot，就用下面的命令:



```
exit

```

#### 第七步：设定时区


用下面这条命令设定时区：



```
ln -sf /usr/share/<时区信息>/<地区>/<城市> /etc/localtime

```

获取时区列表，输入：



```
ls /usr/share/zoneinfo

```

用 `hwclock` 命令设定硬件时钟：



```
hwclock --systohc --utc

```

#### 第八步：设置地区


文件 `/etc/locale.gen` 在注释里包含了所有地区和系统语言设置。用 Vi 打开它，然后去掉你希望选择语言前面的注释。 我选择了 `en_GB.UTF-8`。


现在用下面的命令在 `/etc` 文件夹里生成 关于地区的配置文件：



```
locale-gen
echo LANG=en_GB.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
export LANG=en_GB.UTF-8

```

#### 第九步 ：安装 bootloader，设置主机名和 root 密码


创建 `/etc/hostname` 文件 然后添加一个对应的主机名：



```
127.0.1.1 myhostname.localdomain myhostname

```

我添加了 `ItsFossArch` 作为我的主机名：



```
echo ItsFossArch > /etc/hostname

```

然后也将它添加到 `/etc/hosts` 中


为了安装 bootloader 使用下面的命令：



```
pacman -S grub
grub-install /dev/sda
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

```

创建 root 密码，输入：



```
passwd

```

输入你想要的密码。


完成之后，更新你的系统。但很有可能你的系统已经是最新的，因为你下载的是最新的 ISO。



```
pacman -Syu

```

恭喜! 你已经安装了 Arch Linux 的命令行版本。


接下来，我们会了解到如何为 Arch 设置并安装一个桌面环境。我很喜欢 GNOME 桌面环境，所以在这儿也就选择了这个。


#### 第十步：安装桌面（这一例子中是 GNOME）


在你安装桌面之前，你需要先设置网络。


你可以用下面的命令看见你的端口：



```
ip link

```

![](/data/attachment/album/201712/25/102351czseb6ge6eepe63z.png)


在我的电脑上，端口名是 `enp0s3`。


将下面这一段加进文件中：



```
vi /etc/systemd/network/enp0s3.network

[Match]
name=en*
[Network]
DHCP=yes

```

保存并退出。重启网络来应用你刚才的改动。



```
systemctl restart systemd-networkd
systemctl enable systemd-networkd

```

将下面这两句话加进 `/etc/resolv.conf` 中



```
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

```

下一步是安装 X 环境。


输入下面的命令安装 Xorg，并将它作为显示服务器。



```
pacman -S xorg xorg-server

```

gnome 包含了基本的 GNOME桌面，gnome-extra 则包含 GNOME 应用、归档管理器、磁盘管理器、文本编辑器和其它的应用。



```
pacman -S gnome gnome-extra

```

最后一步是在 Arch 上开启 GDM 显示管理器。



```
systemctl start gdm.service
systemctl enable gdm.service

```

重启你的系统，你就会看见 GNOME 的登录界面。


### Arch Linux 安装总结


我们在下面的视频中展示了一个由 Foss 读者 Gonzalo Tormo 提供的相似的安装方法（全屏观看，能更好的看清命令）：






你也许意识到安装 Arch 不像[安装 Ubuntu](https://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu-1404-dual-boot-mode-windows-8-81-uefi/) 一样简单。不过，只要有耐心，你一定可以安装好它，并且向全世界宣布你在用 Arch Linux。


Arch Linux 安装过程本身就是一个学习的机会。一旦安装完毕，我建议你参考它的 Wiki 去尝试其它的桌面环境，从而更深入了解这一操作系统。你可以探索它，发现它的强大之处。


如果你在安装 Arch 的过程中遇到任何问题，请在评论中给我们留言。




---


via: <https://itsfoss.com/install-arch-linux/>


作者：[Ambarish Kumar](https://itsfoss.com/author/ambarish/) 译者：[wenwensnow](https://github.com/wenwensnow) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
![Warp Terminal](/assets/images/warp-terminal.webp)


![Warp Terminal](/assets/images/warp-terminal.webp)

Arch Linux is a general-purpose rolling release Linux distribution that is very popular among DIY enthusiasts and hardcore Linux users.

The default installation covers only a minimal base system and expects the end-user to configure the system by himself/herself.

This is why installing [Arch Linux is a challenge in itself](https://itsfoss.com/why-arch-linux/) but at the same time, it is a learning opportunity for intermediate Linux users.

Fret not, you can easily get Arch Linux up and running if you follow the steps mentioned below.

## How to install Arch Linux

As of now, there are two ways using which you can install Arch Linux:

- Without the guided installer
- With the help of Archinstaller (guided installer)

In case you didn’t know, Arch Linux introduced a guided installer in 2021 (a menu based system to help you easily configure things for installation).

The video below demonstrates the use of archinstall guided installation:

In this tutorial, we focus on configuring things ourselves, **without the need of archinstaller**. It is potentially more time-consuming, and if you are new to Arch Linux, you might want to refer to our separate tutorial, where we use the [guided installer to install Arch Linux using VirtualBox](https://itsfoss.com/install-arch-linux-virtualbox/).

[Beginner’s Guide to Installing Arch Linux on VirtualBoxArch Linux is hugely popular in the desktop Linux world. One of the reasons for its popularity is that installing Arch Linux itself is a complicated task. I am not exaggerating. Installing Ubuntu or Debian is a lot easier task than Arch Linux because they have GUI based installers. Arch](https://itsfoss.com/install-arch-linux-virtualbox/)![](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/11/arch-linux-virtualbox.png)


![](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/11/arch-linux-virtualbox.png)

The installation steps can differ at some points depending on [whether you have a UEFI or legacy BIOS system](https://itsfoss.com/check-uefi-or-bios/). Most new systems come with UEFI these days.

I have written it here with a focus on the UEFI system but I’ll also mention the steps that are different for the legacy BIOS systems.

**(s) from your computer and installs Arch Linux on it. So if you are going to follow this tutorial, make sure that you have backed up your files, or else you’ll lose all of them. You have been warned.**

**wipes out existing operating system**But before you see how to install Arch Linux from a USB, please make sure that you have the following requirements:

Requirements for installing Arch Linux:

- An x86_64 (i.e. 64 bit) compatible machine
- Minimum 512 MB of RAM (recommended 2 GB)
- At least 2 GB of free disk space (recommended 20 GB for basic usage with a desktop environment)
- An active internet connection
- A USB drive with a minimum 2 GB of storage capacity
- Familiarity with the Linux command line

Once you have made sure you have all the requirements, let’s install Arch Linux.

### Step 1: Download the Arch Linux ISO

You can download the ISO from the official website. Both direct download and torrent links are available.

### Step 2: Create a live USB of Arch Linux

You will have to create a live USB of Arch Linux from the ISO you just downloaded.

You may use the [Etcher GUI tool](https://itsfoss.com/install-etcher-linux/) to create the live USB. It is available for both Windows and Linux.

![Arch Linux Live Usb](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2020/01/arch_linux_live_usb.jpg)

Alternatively, if you are on Linux, you can [use the dd command to create a live USB](https://itsfoss.com/live-usb-with-dd-command/). Replace */path/to/archlinux.iso* with the path where you have downloaded the ISO file, and */dev/sdx* with your USB drive in the example below. You can get your drive information using [ lsblk](https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/deployment_guide/s1-sysinfo-filesystems) command.

`dd bs=4M if=/path/to/archlinux.iso of=/dev/sdx status=progress && sync`


Stick to balenaEtcher if you are comfortable with a GUI.

### Step 3: Boot from the live USB

*Do note that in some cases, you may not be able to boot from live USB with secure boot enabled. If that’s the case with you, disable the secure boot first.*

Once you have created a live USB for Arch Linux, shut down your PC. Plugin your USB and boot your system. While booting keep pressing F2, F10 or F12 key (depending upon your system) to go into boot settings.

Here, select to boot from USB or removable disk. Once you do that and the system boots, you should see an option like this:

![arch linux boot screen](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2022/05/Arch-Linux-Boot-Screen-800x611.png)


Select Boot Arch Linux (x86_64). After various checks, Arch Linux will boot to the login prompt with the root user.

#### Not using US keyboard? Read this

The default keyboard layout in the live session is US. While most English language keyboards will work just fine, the same cannot be true for French, German and other keyboards.

If you face difficulty, you can list out all the supported keyboard layout:

`ls /usr/share/kbd/keymaps/**/*.map.gz`


And then change the layout to the an appropriate one using ** loadkeys command**. For example, if you want a German keyboard, this is what you’ll use:

`loadkeys de-latin1`


The next steps include partitioning the disk, creating the filesystem and mounting it.


**Again, read all the instructions properly and follow each step carefully. You miss one step or ignore something and you’ll have difficulty installing Arch.**### Step 4: Partition the disks

For partitioning the disks, we’ll [use command line based partition manager](https://itsfoss.com/partition-managers-linux/) fdisk.

Use this command to list all the disk and partitions on your system:

`fdisk -l`



**Your hard disk should be labelled /dev/sda or /dev/nvme0n1. Please use the appropriate disk labeling for your system. I am using /dev/sda because that’s more common.**First, select the disk you are going to format and partition:

`fdisk /dev/sda`


I suggest that you delete any existing partitions on the disk using command **d**. Once you have the entire disk space free, it’s time to create new partitions with command **n**.

#### Check if you have UEFI mode enabled

Some steps are different for UEFI and non-UEFI systems.You should verify if you have UEFI enabled system or not. Use this command:

`ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars`


If this directory exists, you have a UEFI enabled system. You should follow the steps for UEFI system. The steps that differ are clearly mentioned.

#### Create an ESP partition (For UEFI systems only)

**If you have a UEFI system**, you **must** create an EFI partition at the beginning of your disk. Otherwise, skip this step.

When you enter n, it will ask you to choose a disk number, enter 1. Stay with the default block size, when it asks for the partition size, enter +512M.

![fdisk new efi](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2022/05/fdisk_new_efi-800x290.png)


*Creating EFI System Partition*One important steps is to change the type of the EFI partition to EFI System (instead of Linux system).

Enter **t** to change type. Enter L to see all the partition types available and then enter its corresponding number to the EFI system.

![change type of efi system partition](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2022/05/Change-type-of-EFI-System-Partition-800x659.png)

#### Create root partition

You need to create root partition ** for both UEFI and legacy systems**.

The common partitioning practice was/is to create root, swap and home partitions separately. You may just create a single root partition and [create a swapfile](https://itsfoss.com/create-swap-file-linux/) and home under the root directory itself.

So, in this approach, we’ll have a single root partition, no swap, no home.

While you are in the fdisk command, press n to create a new partition. It will automatically give it partition number 2. This time keep on pressing enter to allocate entire remaining disk space to the root partition.

![new partition](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2022/05/New-_Partition-800x246.png)

When you are done with the disk partitioning, enter **w** command to write the changes to the disk and exit out of fdisk command.

### Step 4: Create filesystem

Now that you have your disk partitions ready, it’s time to create filesystem on it. Follow the steps for your system

#### Creating filesystem for UEFI system

So, you have two disk partitions and the first one is EFI type. Create a [FAT32 file system](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table) on it using the [mkfs command](https://linuxhandbook.com/mkfs-command/):

`mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda1`


Now create an Ext4 filesystem on the root partition:

`mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2`


#### Creating filesystem for non-UEFI system

For non-UEFI system, you only have one single root partition. So just make it ext4:

`mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1`


### Step 5: Connect to WiFi

You can connect to WiFi interactively using this helpful utility called iwctl. Just enter this command and follow the on-screen instructions:

`iwctl`


Next, you can list all your wireless interfaces/devices connected using the command:

`device list`


You need to select the preferred one.

Once you select the wireless interface, scan for available network using the command below:

`station wlan0 scan`


While it scans for the network, you don’t get to see the network names yet. So, to see the connections available, you can type in:

`station wlan0 get-networks`


Among the listed networks, you can connect to your target Wi-Fi using the command:

`station wlan0 connect "Name of Network/WiFi"`


If it is protected by a password, you will be asked for it, enter the credentials and you should be connected to it.

Exit the network setup prompt using **Ctrl + D**.

Now, we’re connected to the network, but to make sure, you can check if you could use the internet by using the ping command:

`ping google.com`


If you get bytes in reply, you are connected. Use **Ctrl+C** to stop the ping reply.

### Step 6: Select an appropriate mirror

This is a big problem with installing Arch Linux. If you just go on installing it, you might find that the downloads are way too slow. In some cases, it’s so slow that the download fails.

It’s because the mirrorlist (located in /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist) has a huge number of mirrors but not in a good order. The top mirror is chosen automatically and it may not always be a good choice.

Thankfully, there is a fix for that. First sync the pacman repository so that you can download and install software:

`pacman -Syy`


Now, install reflector too that you can use to list the fresh and fast mirrors located in your country:

`pacman -S reflector`


Make a backup of mirror list (just in case):

`cp /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.bak`


Now, get the good mirror list with reflector and save it to mirrorlist. You can change the country from US to your own country.

`reflector -c "US" -f 12 -l 10 -n 12 --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist`


All good to go now.

### Step 7: Install Arch Linux

Since you have all the things ready, it’s time to finally install the Arch Linux. You’ll be installing it on the root directory so mount it first.

**Do you remember the name of the root partition**? Use it to mount it:

`mount /dev/sda2 /mnt`


Note that this is valid for UEFI systems, you will have to use **/dev/sda1** in non-UEFI systems.

With root mounted, it’s time to use the wonderful [pacstrap script](https://git.archlinux.org/arch-install-scripts.git/tree/pacstrap.in) to install all the necessary packages:

`pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware vim nano`


It will take some time to download and install these packages. If the downloads get interrupted, no need to panic. You can run the above command once again and it resumed the download.

I have added Vim and Nano text editor to the list because you’ll need to edit some files post-installation. You can use anything you are comfortable with.

For reference, head to our [nano vs vim](https://itsfoss.com/vim-vs-nano/) article to explore the differences between these editors.

### Step 8: Configure the installed Arch system

Generate a [fstab file](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fstab) to define how disk partitions, block devices, or remote file systems are mounted into the filesystem.

`genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab`


Now use [arch-chroot](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Chroot#Using_arch-chroot) and enter the mounted disk as root. Actually, now you are using the just installed Arch Linux system on the disk. You’ll have to do some configuration changes to the installed system so that you could run it properly when you boot from the disk.

`arch-chroot /mnt`


#### Setting Timezone

To [set up timezone on Linux](https://itsfoss.com/change-timezone-ubuntu/), you can use timedatectl command. First find your time zone:

`timedatectl list-timezones`


Exit from the list using **Ctrl + C** or just **q**. And then set it up like this (replace Europe/Paris with your desired time zone):

`timedatectl set-timezone Europe/Paris`


#### Setting up Locale

This is what sets the language, numbering, date, and currency formats for your system.

The file ** /etc/locale.gen** contains all the local settings and system language in a commented format.

Open the file using Vim or Nano editor and uncomment (remove the # from the start of the line) the language you prefer.

The command to open the file looks like:

`nano /etc/locale.gen`


![localegen](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2022/05/localeGen-800x335.png)

I have used **en_GB.UTF-8** (English with Great Britain). Hit **Ctrl + X** and then **Y** to save the selection and continue.

Now generate the locale config in the** /etc** directory file using the below commands one by one:

```
locale-gen
echo LANG=en_GB.UTF-8 > /etc/locale.conf
export LANG=en_GB.UTF-8
```


Both locale and timezone settings can be changed later on as well when you are using your Arch Linux system.

#### Network configuration

Create a ** /etc/hostname** file and add the hostname entry to this file.

[Hostname](https://itsfoss.com/change-hostname-ubuntu/)is basically the name of your computer on the network.

In my case, I’ll set the hostname as ** myarch**. You can choose whatever you want:

`echo myarch > /etc/hostname`


The next part is to create the hosts file:

`touch /etc/hosts`


And edit this /etc/hosts file with Vim or Nano editor to add the following lines to it (replace myarch with hostname you chose earlier):

```
127.0.0.1 localhost
::1 localhost
127.0.1.1 myarch
```


#### Set up root password

You should also set the password for the root account using the **passwd** command:

`passwd`


You will be prompted to enter (and re-type) your password to confirm.

### Step 9: Install Grub bootloader

This is one of the crucial steps and it differs for UEFI and non-UEFI systems. Let me mention the **steps for the UEFI systems** first.

Make sure that you are still using **arch-chroot**. Install required packages:

`pacman -S grub efibootmgr`


Create the directory where EFI partition will be mounted:

`mkdir /boot/efi`


Now, mount the ESP partition you had created

`mount /dev/sda1 /boot/efi`


Install grub like this:

`grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --bootloader-id=GRUB --efi-directory=/boot/efi`


One last step:

`grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg`


#### Install grub on Non-UEFI systems

Install grub package first:

`pacman -S grub`


And then install grub like this (don’t put the disk number sda1, just the disk name sda):

`grub-install /dev/sda`


Last step:

`grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg`


### Step 10: Create Additional user and enforce privileges

You should not boot into a system, which has only a root user account. This way, every change you make will happen without any authentication required, and you might end up messing up your system.

Of course, you can still choose to do it, but it is not the recommended solution for a stable and secure experience.

So there should be an additional user, who gets root privileges using sudo. That reminds me, you should also install the sudo package if you didn’t already:

`pacman -S sudo`


Now create a new user and give permissions. In my case, ‘team’ is the new username I chose. You can select your own.

```
useradd -m team
passwd team
```


Enter the password for this user and confirm. Now, you will be adding this user to a group of users that grants specific permissions. This should be self-explanatory, while the wheel group is needed for a user act as the super user.

`usermod -aG wheel,audio,video,storage team`


Finally, you need to edit the visudo file, specifically the line referring to wheel should be uncommented as shown in the image below.

It opens in VI editor by default. So we need to force it use nano:

`EDITOR=nano visudo`


![visudo](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2022/05/visudo-800x273.png)

Save the changes and exit from this file.

### Step 11: Install a desktop environment (GNOME in this case)

The first step is to install the X environment. Type the below command to install the [Xorg as display server](https://itsfoss.com/display-server/) along with the network manager. You can refer to the [official documentation](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/wayland) for Wayland.

`pacman -S xorg networkmanager`


Now, you can install GNOME desktop environment on Arch Linux using:

`pacman -S gnome`


The last step includes enabling the display manager GDM for Arch. I also suggest enabling Network Manager

```
systemctl enable gdm.service
systemctl enable NetworkManager.service
```


Now exit from chroot using the exit command:

`exit`


Finally, unmount the root partition using the following command:

`umount /mnt`


Or,

`umount -l /mnt`


And then shut down your system

`shutdown now`


Don’t forget to take out the live USB before powering on the system again. If everything goes well, you should see the Grub screen and then the GNOME login screen.

If you want a KDE desktop, please follow this [tutorial about installing KDE on Arch Linux](https://itsfoss.com/install-kde-arch-linux/).

### Final Words on Arch Linux installation

You might have realized by now that installing Arch Linux is not as easy as [installing Ubuntu](https://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu/). However, with a little patience, you can surely accomplish it and then tell the world that you use Arch Linux.

Arch Linux installation itself provides a great deal of learning. I recommend a few essential [things to do after installing Arch Linux](https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-arch-linux/) where you’ll find steps to install various other desktop environments (if you didn’t install it here) and learn more about the OS.

[7 Essential Things To Do After Installing Arch LinuxBrief: This tutorial shows you a few essential things to do after installing Arch Linux. This will help you get started with Arch Linux so that you can explore it further. Earlier I showed you how to install Arch Linux. Today, I am going to list a few basic and](https://itsfoss.com/things-to-do-after-installing-arch-linux/)![](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2018/01/things-to-do-after-installing-arch-linux.jpg)


![](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2018/01/things-to-do-after-installing-arch-linux.jpg)

You can keep playing with it and see how powerful Arch is.

*Let us know in the comments if you face any difficulty while installing Arch Linux.*