5 个很酷的平铺窗口管理器
窗口管理器
![](/data/attachment/album/201810/23/221336pyy3mdxbyebcbcj3.jpg)


Linux 桌面生态中有多种窗口管理器（WM）。有些是作为桌面环境的一部分开发的。有的则被用作独立程序。平铺窗口管理器就是这种情况，它提供了一个更轻量级的自定义环境。本文介绍了五种这样的平铺窗口管理器供你试用。


### i3


[i3](https://i3wm.org/) 是最受欢迎的平铺窗口管理器之一。与大多数其他此类 WM 一样，i3 专注于低资源消耗和用户可定制性。


您可以参考 [Magazine 上的这篇文章](https://fedoramagazine.org/getting-started-i3-window-manager/)了解 i3 安装细节以及如何配置它。


### sway


[sway](https://swaywm.org/) 是一个平铺 Wayland 合成器。它有与现有 i3 配置兼容的优点，因此你可以使用它来替换 i3 并使用 Wayland 作为显示协议。


您可以使用 `dnf` 从 Fedora 仓库安装 sway：



```
$ sudo dnf install sway
```

如果你想从 i3 迁移到 sway，这里有一个[迁移指南](https://github.com/swaywm/sway/wiki/i3-Migration-Guide)。


### Qtile


[Qtile](http://www.qtile.org/) 是另一个平铺管理器，也恰好是用 Python 编写的。默认情况下，你在位于 `~/.config/qtile/config.py` 下的 Python 脚本中配置 Qtile。当此脚本不存在时，Qtile 会使用默认[配置](https://github.com/qtile/qtile/blob/develop/libqtile/resources/default_config.py)。


Qtile 使用 Python 的一个好处是你可以编写脚本来控制 WM。例如，以下脚本打印屏幕详细信息：



```
> from libqtile.command import Client
> c = Client()
> print(c.screen.info)
{'index': 0, 'width': 1920, 'height': 1006, 'x': 0, 'y': 0}
```

要在 Fedora 上安装 Qlite，请使用以下命令：



```
$ sudo dnf install qtile
```

### dwm


[dwm](https://dwm.suckless.org/) 窗口管理器更侧重于轻量级。该项目的一个目标是保持 dwm 最小。例如，整个代码库从未超过 2000 行代码。另一方面，dwm 不容易定制和配置。实际上，改变 dwm 默认配置的唯一方法是[编辑源代码并重新编译程序](https://dwm.suckless.org/customisation/)。


如果你想尝试默认配置，你可以使用 `dnf` 在 Fedora 中安装 dwm：



```
$ sudo dnf install dwm
```

对于那些想要改变 dwm 配置的人，Fedora 中有一个 dwm-user 包。该软件包使用用户主目录中 `~/.dwm/config.h` 的配置自动重新编译 dwm。


### awesome


[awesome](https://awesomewm.org/) 最初是作为 dwm 的一个分支开发，使用外部配置文件提供 WM 的配置。配置通过 Lua 脚本完成，这些脚本允许你编写脚本以自动执行任务或创建 widget。


你可以使用这个命令在 Fedora 上安装 awesome：



```
$ sudo dnf install awesome
```



---


via: <https://fedoramagazine.org/5-cool-tiling-window-managers/>


作者：[Clément Verna](https://fedoramagazine.org) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
The Linux desktop ecosystem offers multiple window managers (WMs). Some are developed as part of a desktop environment. Others are meant to be used as standalone application. This is the case of tiling WMs, which offer a more lightweight, customized environment. This article presents five such tiling WMs for you to try out.


### i3

[i3](https://i3wm.org/) is one of the most popular tiling window managers. Like most other such WMs, i3 focuses on low resource consumption and customizability by the user.

You can refer to [this previous article in the Magazine](https://fedoramagazine.org/getting-started-i3-window-manager/) to get started with i3 installation details and how to configure it.

### sway

[sway](https://swaywm.org/) is a tiling Wayland compositor. It has the advantage of compatibility with an existing i3 configuration, so you can use it to replace i3 and use Wayland as the display protocol.

You can use *dnf* to install *sway* from Fedora repository:

$sudo dnf install sway

If you want to migrate from i3 to sway, there’s a small [migration guide](https://github.com/swaywm/sway/wiki/i3-Migration-Guide) available.

### Qtile

[Qtile](http://www.qtile.org/) is another tiling manager that also happens to be written in Python. By default, you configure Qtile in a Python script located under *~/.config/qtile/config.py.* When this script is not available, Qtile uses a default [configuration](https://github.com/qtile/qtile/blob/develop/libqtile/resources/default_config.py).

One of the benefits of Qtile being in Python is you can write scripts to control the WM. For example, the following script prints the screen details:

> from libqtile.command import Client > c = Client() > print(c.screen.info) {'index': 0, 'width': 1920, 'height': 1006, 'x': 0, 'y': 0}

To install Qlite on Fedora, use the following command:

$sudo dnf install qtile

### dwm

The [dwm](https://dwm.suckless.org/) window manager focuses more on being lightweight. One goal of the project is to keep dwm minimal and small. For example, the entire code base never exceeded 2000 lines of code. On the other hand, dwm isn’t as easy to customize and configure. Indeed, the only way to change dwm default configuration is to [edit the source code and recompile the application](https://dwm.suckless.org/customisation/).

If you want to try the default configuration, you can install dwm in Fedora using *dnf:*

$sudo dnf install dwm

For those who wand to change their dwm configuration, the *dwm-user *package is available in Fedora. This package automatically recompiles dwm using the configuration stored in the user home directory at *~/.dwm/config.h.*

### awesome

[awesome](https://awesomewm.org/) originally started as a fork of dwm, to provide configuration of the WM using an external configuration file. The configuration is done via Lua scripts, which allow you to write scripts to automate tasks or create widgets.

You can check out awesome on Fedora by installing it like this:

$sudo dnf install awesome

## Mark McIntyre

you have

for Qtile. it should be

.

## Clément Verna

Thanks updated

## Emiliano

Great article, thanks! (current awesome user :-P). I’ll try Sway, thanks!

## Hendrik

Note sway will soon release 1.0 version (https://github.com/swaywm/sway/issues/1735) backing up its own Wayland compositor library.

If you are a Awesome user you might want to check out Way Cooler which is a Wayland compositor implementing the Awesome api.

## John

Great article, but some screenshots would be nice, I think.

## freegoat

Why didn’t gTile get mentioned?

## Dann Griggs

i3 looks interesting, but I can reliably break it on my Fedora 28 install. Just install the basic i3 packages, log out of Gnome, and try it. Works fine, neat. Now exit i3 and do: ‘cp /etc/i3/config ~/.i3/config’. Try to start i3 again, it hangs during start up, no keystrokes work, and you have to switch to a VT to kill it. This makes customizing/configuring i3 a problem. Basically, if ~/.i3/config exists, you can’t start i3.

Anyone else run into this?

## Marian Šámal

Not sure, but I think the path should he ~/.config/i3/config

## Jens Petersen

There is also good ol’ xmonad, which is still well alive and kicking 🙂

waymonad is also under development.

## Sharlatan

How about StumpWM (CommonLisp base) so any configuration could load withing current session without lo-gout.

## svsv sarma

In the beginning, while learning, I used to tinker with WMs. But now I prefer the default GNOME and trust it to be memory friendly. So, forget about WMs and get on with the work.

## Nick

Pro-tip:

i3wm works very well when combined with the XFCE desktop environment.

Due to the modularity of XFCE you can easily replace the default window manager with i3 while retaining all the other niceties of a DE.

## Bill O

how about Xmonad?

## Bill O

I’ve tried a few times, moving from xmonad to i3, but never successfully.

## dg

I didn’t like i3 that much. I would love some detailed qtile and sway tutorial. Which is the most modern tiling manager?