在 Linux 桌面中开始使用 Lumina
Lumina

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> 本文是 24 天 Linux 桌面特别系列的一部分。Lumina 桌面是让你使用快速、合理的基于 Fluxbox 桌面的捷径，它具有你无法缺少的所有功能。
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![](/data/attachment/album/201912/23/070658vtgg3wkrpg5g36rs.jpg)


多年来，有一个名为 PC-BSD 的基于 FreeBSD 的桌面操作系统（OS）。它旨在作为一个常规使用的系统，因此值得注意，因为 BSD 主要用于服务器。大多数时候，PC-BSD 默认带 KDE 桌面，但是 KDE 越来越依赖于 Linux 特定的技术，因此 PC-BSD 越来越从 KDE 迁离。PC-BSD 变成了 [Trident](https://project-trident.org/)，它的默认桌面是 [Lumina](https://lumina-desktop.org/)，它是一组小部件，它们使用与 KDE 相同的基于 Qt 的工具包，运行在 Fluxbox 窗口管理器上。


你可以在 Linux 发行版的软件仓库或 BSD 的 ports 树中找到 Lumina 桌面。如果你安装了 Lumina 并且已经在运行另一个桌面，那么你可能会发现有冗余的应用（两个 PDF 阅读器、两个文件管理器，等等），因为 Lumina 包含一些集成的应用。如果你只想尝试 Lumina 桌面，那么可以在虚拟机如 [GNOME Boxes](https://opensource.com/article/19/5/getting-started-gnome-boxes-virtualization) 中安装基于 Lumina 的 BSD 发行版。


如果在当前的操作系统上安装 Lumina，那么必须注销当前的桌面会话，才能登录到新的会话。默认情况下，会话管理器（SDDM、GDM、LightDM 或 XDM，取决于你的设置）将继续登录到以前的桌面，因此你必须在登录之前覆盖该桌面。


在 GDM 中：


![Selecting your desktop in GDM](/data/attachment/album/201912/23/070722llb9m1xm2lsguunx.jpg "Selecting your desktop in GDM")


在 SDDM 中：


![Selecting your desktop in KDM](/data/attachment/album/201912/23/070722rtp4riotq4ktwokn.jpg "Selecting your desktop in KDM")


### Lumina 桌面


Lumina 提供了一个简单而轻巧的桌面环境。屏幕底部有一个面板，它的左侧是应用菜单，中间是任务栏，右边是系统托盘。桌面上有图标，可以快速访问常见的应用和路径。


除了这个基本的桌面结构外，Lumina 还有自定义文件管理器、PDF 查看器，截图工具、媒体播放器、文本编辑器和存档工具。还有一个配置程序可以帮助你自定义 Lumina 桌面，并且右键单击桌面可以找到更多配置选项。


![Lumina desktop running on Project Trident](/data/attachment/album/201912/23/070723x5nzvn4tnffu4ub7.jpg "Lumina desktop running on Project Trident")


Lumina 与几个 Linux 轻量级桌面非常相似，尤其是 LXQT，不同之处在于 Lumina 完全不依赖于基于 Linux 的桌面框架（例如 ConsoleKit、PolicyKit、D-Bus 或 systemd）。对于你而言，这是否具有优势取决于所运行的操作系统。毕竟，如果你运行的是可以访问这些功能的 Linux，那么使用不使用这些特性的桌面可能就没有多大意义，还会减少功能。如果你运行的是 BSD，那么在 Fluxbox 中运行 Lumina 部件意味着你不必从 ports 安装 Linux 兼容库。


### 为什么要使用 Lumina


Lumina 设计简单，它没有很多功能，但是你可以安装 Fluxbox 你喜欢的组件（用于文件管理的 [PCManFM](https://wiki.lxde.org/en/PCManFM)、各种 [LXQt 应用](http://lxqt.org)、[Tint2](https://opensource.com/article/19/1/productivity-tool-tint2) 面板等）。在开源中，开源用户喜欢寻找不要重复发明轮子的方法（几乎与我们喜欢重新发明轮子一样多）。


Lumina 桌面是让你使用快速、合理的基于 Fluxbox 桌面的捷径，它具有你无法缺少的所有功能，并且你很少需要调整细节。试一试 Lumina 桌面，看看它是否适合你。




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via: <https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-lumina-desktop>


作者：[Seth Kenlon](https://opensource.com/users/seth) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
For a good number of years, there was a desktop operating system (OS) based on FreeBSD called PC-BSD. It was intended as an OS for general use, which was noteworthy because BSD development mostly focuses on servers. For most of its life, PC-BSD shipped with the KDE desktop by default, but the more KDE came to depend on Linux-specific technology, the more PC-BSD migrated away from it. PC-BSD became [Trident](https://project-trident.org/), and its default desktop is [Lumina](https://lumina-desktop.org/), a collection of widgets written to use the same Qt toolkit that KDE is based upon, running on the Fluxbox window manager.

You may find the Lumina desktop in your Linux distribution's software repository or in BSD's ports tree. If you install Lumina and you're already running another desktop, you may find yourself with redundant applications (two PDF readers, two file managers, and so on) because Lumina includes a few integrated applications. If you just want to try the Lumina desktop, you can install a Lumina-based BSD distribution in a virtual machine, such as [GNOME Boxes](https://opensource.com/article/19/5/getting-started-gnome-boxes-virtualization).

If you install Lumina on your current OS, you must log out of your current desktop session so you can log into your new one. By default, your session manager (SDDM, GDM, LightDM, or XDM, depending on your setup) will continue to log you into your previous desktop, so you must override that before logging in.

With GDM:

![Selecting your desktop in GDM Selecting your desktop in GDM](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-gdm_400x400_1.jpg)

With SDDM:

![Selecting your desktop in KDM Selecting your desktop in KDM](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-kdm_400x400_1.jpg)

## Lumina desktop

Lumina delivers a simple and lightweight desktop environment. There's a panel at the bottom of the screen containing an application menu on the left, a taskbar in the middle, and a system tray on the right. There are icons on the desktop providing quick access to common applications and locations.

In addition to this basic desktop structure, Lumina features a custom file manager, PDF viewer, screenshot tool, media player, text editor, and archive tool. There's also a configuration utility to help you customize your Lumina desktop, and you can find further configuration options by right-clicking on the desktop.

![Lumina desktop running on Project Trident Lumina desktop running on Project Trident](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-lumina.jpg)


Lumina is very similar to several Linux lightweight desktops, especially LXQT, except without any reliance upon Linux-based desktop frameworks like ConsoleKit, PolicyKit, D-Bus, or systemd. Whether or not that holds any advantage for you depends on the OS you're running. After all, if you're already running Linux with access to those features, using a desktop that doesn't utilize them may not make much sense and cost you features. If you're running BSD, then running Fluxbox with Lumina widgets could mean not having to install the Linux-compatible libraries from ports.

## Why you should use Lumina

Lumina is simple enough in design that it doesn't have many features you can't implement on your own by installing Fluxbox along with your favorite components ([PCManFM](https://wiki.lxde.org/en/PCManFM) for file management, a variety of [LXQt apps](http://lxqt.org), [Tint2](https://opensource.com/article/19/1/productivity-tool-tint2) for a panel, and so on). But this is open source, and users of open source love to find ways to avoid reinventing the wheel (almost as much as we love reinventing the wheel).

The Lumina desktop is a shortcut to a quick and sensible Fluxbox-based desktop with all the things you can't live without and very few of the finer details you'll want to configure yourself. Give the Lumina desktop a try to see if it's the desktop for you.

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