Twitter 和 Mastodon 的四个关键区别
Mastodon
![](/data/attachment/album/202301/28/093152q9c5yeo9dyebp2mj.jpg)



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> Mastodon 并不是一家公司。所有 Mastodon 实例都由各自所属服务器的贡献者负责支持维护的。以下是它的一些其他优势。
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社交媒体并不总是社交性的，有时我们还需要足够的推动力来改变我们工作和阅读的内容。我在 2008 年开始使用 Twitter 作为 RSS 阅读器的替代品，这彻底颠覆了我那时的阅读和学习方式。世界各地的教育家和自由与开放源码（FOSS）倡导者的推文让我了解并参与到一个无与伦比的学习网络中。但这在过去的六年间，事情发生了变化，以及最近它的所有权发生了变化，造成我阅读的内容更多是由算法驱动的，而不是出于我个人的兴趣和选择。在几年前的 [Opensource.com](http://Opensource.com) 记者编辑碰头会中，[Seth Kenlon](https://opensource.com/users/seth) 建议我试试 [Mastodon](https://joinmastodon.org/)。于是我在 2019 年加入了 [Fosstodon](https://fosstodon.org/about/)。Fosstodon 是一个专为喜欢自由和开源软件的同好们搭建的实例。


### Mastodon 与 Twitter 对比


作为一个墨守成规的人，改变对我来说并不容易，尽管 Twitter 变得越来越让人厌倦，我还一直在使用。可是到了 2022 年的春天，Twitter 的出售危机让我重新考虑使用 Fosstodon 了。


### 1、收藏而不是点赞


Mastodon 的界面与 Twitter 很相似。但在 Mastodon上，你不是“点赞”一个帖子，而是通过点击帖子下方的星标来“收藏”一个帖子。


![Favorite button](/data/attachment/album/202301/28/093244liigtfitbbgh5flp.jpg)


### 2、分享帖子


在 Twitter 上，重新分享是“<ruby> 转推 <rt>  retweet </rt></ruby>”，但在 Mastodon，它是“<ruby> 转嘟 <rt>  boost </rt></ruby>”。你可以点击帖子下方的双箭头图标来转嘟。


![Boost button](/data/attachment/album/202301/28/093250tmcqlmg7xrqcfqtw.jpg)


### 3、Mastodon 实例


任何人都可以运行一个 Mastodon 实例，这让不同的实例上发展出了独特的社区（类似在 Twitter 上围绕特定标签形成的社区，不过 Mastodon 也有标签），有些实例有一套独特的规则。举个例子，和我以前的社交网络不同，Fosstodon 上采取了内容审核制度。最初这让我觉得有些严格，我发了一个与自由与开放源码软件无关的帖子，然后帖子就被删除了。我被告知的删除原因是，我没有给帖子打上 “内容警告”。这惹怒了我，于是我尝试寻找别的实例，发现了几个更符合我胃口的。其中一个是 [Mastodon.social](https://mastodon.social/about)，另一个是 [Scholar.social](https://scholar.social/about/more)，前者是一个泛用的实例，没有预设的发帖主题，后者则是一个学术专用的实例。当然，他们也都制定有严格的行为规范。


每个实例都有规则，虽然在表述上略有不同，但都清楚地说明了可以接受和不可接受的行为。Fosstodon 公布了它的 [行为规范](https://hub.fosstodon.org/coc/)，确立了站点的规则和预期。


### 4、开源社交网络


如果你也想运行自己的 Mastodon 实例或协助开发一个，好消息是，Mastodon 是开源的。它使用 AGPLv3 许可证，它的源代码可以在 [Git 仓库](https://github.com/mastodon/mastodon) 获得。Mastodon 使用 [ActivityPub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActivityPub) 协议与世界各地的服务器通信。


Mastodon 不是互联网上的单一的网站，而是一系列横跨全球并相互通信的网站们。这个联邦网络被称为 “<ruby> 联邦宇宙 <rt>  Fediverse </rt></ruby>”。不像其他社交网站有单一的所有者，任何人都可以在服务器上运行 Mastodon 或者其他 ActivityPub 协议网站。


从用户的角度来看，这一开始时其实并不重要。你可以在任何 Mastodon 实例上注册，然后连接到其余所有的实例。


不过，这种分布式设计是有其好处的。如果你碰见一个实例上的社区内容你不想看，你可以从屏蔽该实例中的某个用户，或者屏蔽整个实例。


过去的一个月里，我又回到了 Fosstodon，主要还是因为我热衷开源。我很享受在 Fosstodon 上分享开源内容，而 Fosstodon 上的其他用户也都能乐于看到关于自由和开源软件的帖子。当我有一些内容不适合在 Fosstodon 上分享时，我会分享到 Scholar.social 或者 Mastodon.social 上。


不是所有的实例都有关注的主题，即便是那些有主题的实例，主题常常也是仅作参考，而不是严格作为删帖的依据。如果你有特定的兴趣，也许就能找到一个围绕这个话题建立的社区，然后马上就能收获及时的关注。当然，你也依然能够与其他实例的用户交流。


### 试试 Mastodon


Mastodon 不是一家公司，所有 Mastodon 实例都是由各自所属的服务器的贡献者负责支持维护的。有些能很容易地通过 Patreon 或 PayPal 提供支持。


我发现，联邦宇宙是个很温馨的地方，把快乐带回给了社交网络。你加入了 Mastodon 了吗？有没有什么收获？请在评论中告诉我们。




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via: <https://opensource.com/article/22/11/twitter-vs-mastodon>


作者：[Don Watkins](https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins) 选题：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) 译者：[onionstalgia](https://github.com/onionstalgia) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
Social media is not always sociable, and sometimes we need a sufficient impetus to change what we do and what we read. I began using Twitter as a replacement for my RSS reader in 2008, which revolutionized how I read and learned up to that point. Tweets from educators and free and open source (FOSS) advocates worldwide kept me informed and engaged in a learning network that was without equal. That's changed over the past half dozen years, and recently a change in ownership and the shaping of what I read was driven more by an algorithm than by my personal interests and choices. During a yearly meetup of correspondents and editors of Opensource.com a few years ago, [Seth Kenlon](https://opensource.com/users/seth) suggested giving [Mastodon](https://joinmastodon.org/) a try. I joined [Fosstodon](https://fosstodon.org/about/) in 2019. Fosstodon is a Mastodon instance for a community of like-minded people who enjoy free and open source software.

## Mastodon vs Twitter

Change is not easy. Being a creature of habit, I stayed with my old standby even though it was becoming increasingly tiresome. The threat of its sale in the spring of 2022 invited me to reconsider Fosstodon.

## 1. Favorite instead of like

The Mastodon interface is similar to Twitter. Rather than "liking" a post, you "favorite" a post on Mastodon by clicking the star icon under the post content.

![Favorite button](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-11/favorite-button.webp)

(Don Watkins, CC BY-SA 4.0)

## 2. Share a post

Re-sharing on my old network is a "retweet," but on Mastodon, it's a "boost." You click the double-arrow icon under the post content to boost a post.

![Boost button](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-11/boost-button.webp)

(Don Watkins, CC BY-SA 4.0)

## 3. Mastodon instances

Because anyone can run a Mastodon instance, different instances not only have unique communities (like the ones that form around specific hashtags on Twitter, but Mastodon also has hashtags). Some have a unique set of rules. For instance, unlike my former social network, there were content moderation rules on Fosstodon that seemed strict initially. I made a post unrelated to FOSS software, and my post was removed. I was told it had been removed because I'd not issued a "content warning." That irked me, so I looked for another instance and found a couple more to my liking. One was [Mastodon.social](https://mastodon.social/about), and the other [Scholar.social](https://scholar.social/about/more). The former is a general server with no expectation about what you will post. The latter was an instance dedicated to academics. In all cases, there are well-enforced codes of conduct.

Each instance has rules, and while they differ slightly in the description, they clearly spell out what is and is not acceptable behavior. Fosstodon published its [code of conduct](https://hub.fosstodon.org/coc/), which established the rules and expectations of behavior on the site.


## 4. Open source social networking

If you want to run your own Mastodon instance or help develop one, you'll be happy to know that Mastodon is open source. It uses an AGPLv3 license, and its source code is available as a [Git repository](https://github.com/mastodon/mastodon). The software provides a social network server that uses the [ActivityPub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActivityPub) protocol to communicate with other servers worldwide.

Mastodon is not a single site on the internet but a series of sites spanning the globe and communicating with each other. This federated network is referred to as the "fediverse." Unlike other social networks, where there's a single owner of the network, Mastodon and other ActivityPub sites are owned by anyone who runs a server.

From a user's perspective, this doesn't matter at first. You can sign up on any Mastodon instance and then connect to all other instances.

**[ Related read Switching from Twitter to Mastodon: What sysadmins need to know ]**

There is power to this distributed design, though. If you encounter an instance with a community producing content you'd rather not see, you can block either a single user from that instance or the whole instance.

In the past month, I've returned to Fosstodon primarily because open source is my passion. I enjoy sharing open source content on Fosstodon because the other users of Fosstodon are generally receptive to posts about free and open source software. When I have something to share that's not considered appropriate on Fosstodon, I share it on Scholar.social or Mastodon.social.

Not all instances have topics they focus on, and even those that do often use their topical interests as a guideline rather than grounds for strict removal of posts. If you have a particular interest, you might be able to find a community built around that topic, and you're likely to see that you have an instant audience. Of course, you'll still always be able to communicate with users of other instances, too.

## Try Mastodon

Mastodon is not a corporation. All of its instances are staffed and supported by each server's contributors. Some instances make it easy to support them with Patreon or PayPal.

I have found the fediverse a welcoming place that brings joy back into social networking. Have you joined Mastodon? What are your takeaways? Let us know in the comments.

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