Linux 上 5 个最好 CAD 软件
CAD
[计算机辅助设计 (CAD)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_design) 是很多工程流程的必不可少的部分。CAD 用于建筑、汽车零部件设计、航天飞机研究、航空、桥梁施工、室内设计，甚至服装和珠宝设计等专业领域。


在 Linux 上并不原生支持一些专业级 CAD 软件，如 SolidWorks 和 Autodesk AutoCAD。因此，今天，我们将看看排名靠前的 Linux 上可用的 CAD 软件。预知详情，请看下文。


### Linux 可用的最好的 CAD 软件


![CAD Software for Linux](/data/attachment/album/201909/08/104441if4smfe1m1zlql54.jpg)


在我们查看这份 Linux 的 CAD 软件列表前，你应该记住一件事，在这里不是所有的应用程序都是开源软件。我们也将包含一些非自由和开源软件的 CAD 软件来帮助普通的 Linux 用户。


我们为基于 Ubuntu 的 Linux 发行版提供了安装操作指南。对于其它发行版，你可以检查相应的网站来了解安装程序步骤。


该列表没有任何特殊顺序。在第一顺位的 CAD 应用程序不能认为比在第三顺位的好，以此类推。


#### 1、FreeCAD


对于 3D 建模，FreeCAD 是一个极好的选择，它是自由 (免费和自由) 和开源软件。FreeCAD 坚持以构建机械工程和产品设计为目标。FreeCAD 是多平台的，可用于 Windows、Mac OS X+ 以及 Linux。


![freecad](/data/attachment/album/201909/08/104442icvpcdeaa22g2h72.jpg)


尽管 FreeCAD 已经是很多 Linux 用户的选择，应该注意到，FreeCAD 仍然是 0.17 版本，因此，不适用于重要的部署。但是最近开发加速了。


* [FreeCAD](https://www.freecadweb.org/)


FreeCAD 并不专注于 direct-2D 绘图和真实形状的动画，但是它对机械工程相关的设计极好。FreeCAD 的 0.15 版本在 Ubuntu 存储库中可用。你可以通过运行下面的命令安装。



```
sudo apt install freecad
```

为获取新的每日构建（目前 0.17），打开一个终端（`ctrl+alt+t`），并逐个运行下面的命令。



```
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:freecad-maintainers/freecad-daily
sudo apt update
sudo apt install freecad-daily
```

#### 2、LibreCAD


LibreCAD 是一个自由开源的、2D CAD 解决方案。一般来说，CAD 是一个资源密集型任务，如果你有一个相当普通的硬件，那么我建议你使用 LibreCAD ，因为它在资源使用方面真的轻量化。LibreCAD 是几何图形结构方面的一个极好的候选者。


![librecad](/data/attachment/album/201909/08/104443w4dxnxe7n75yndn1.jpg)


作为一个 2D 工具，LibreCAD 是好的，但是它不能在 3D 模型和渲染上工作。它有时可能不稳定，但是，它有一个可靠的自动保存，它不会让你的工作浪费。


* [LibreCAD](https://librecad.org/)


你可以通过运行下面的命令安装 LibreCAD。



```
sudo apt install librecad
```

#### 3、OpenSCAD


OpenSCAD 是一个自由的 3D CAD 软件。OpenSCAD 非常轻量和灵活。OpenSCAD 不是交互式的。你需要‘编程’模型，OpenSCAD 来解释这些代码来渲染一个可视化模型。在某种意义上说，它是一个编译器。你不能直接绘制模型，而是描述模型。


![openscad](/data/attachment/album/201909/08/104444dozlkvh888uouuo9.jpg)


OpenSCAD 是这个列表上最复杂的工具，但是，一旦你了解它，它将提供一个令人愉快的工作经历。


* [OpenSCAD](http://www.openscad.org/)


你可以使用下面的命令来安装 OpenSCAD。



```
sudo apt-get install openscad
```

#### 4、BRL-CAD


BRL-CAD 是最老的 CAD 工具之一。它也深受 Linux/UNIX 用户喜爱，因为它与模块化和自由的 \*nix 哲学相一致。


![BRL-CAD rendering by Sean](/data/attachment/album/201909/08/104445urohlv5b57ph0j14.jpg)


BRL-CAD 始于 1979 年，并且，它仍然在积极开发。现在，BRL-CAD 不是 AutoCAD，但是对于像热穿透和弹道穿透等等的运输研究仍然是一个极好的选择。BRL-CAD 构成 CSG 的基础，而不是边界表示。在选择 BRL-CAD 时，你可能需要记住这一点。你可以从它的官方网站下载 BRL-CAD 。


* [BRL-CAD](https://brlcad.org/)


#### 5、DraftSight (非开源)


如果你习惯在 AutoCAD 上作业。那么，DraftSight 将是完美的替代。


DraftSight 是一个在 Linux 上可用的极好的 CAD 工具。它有相当类似于 AutoCAD 的工作流，这使得迁移更容易。它甚至提供一种类似的外观和感觉。DrafSight 也兼容 AutoCAD 的 .dwg 文件格式。 但是，DrafSight 是一个 2D CAD 软件。截至当前，它不支持 3D CAD 。


![draftsight](/data/attachment/album/201909/08/104446u45oe7y778le7o7o.jpg)


尽管 DrafSight 是一款起价 149 美元的商业软件。在 [DraftSight 网站](https://www.draftsight2018.com/)上可获得一个免费版本。你可以下载 .deb 软件包，并在基于 Ubuntu 的发行版上安装它。为了开始使用 DraftSight ，你需要使用你的电子邮件 ID 来注册你的免费版本。


* [DraftSight](https://www.draftsight2018.com/)


#### 荣誉提名


* 随着云计算技术的巨大发展，像 [OnShape](https://www.onshape.com/) 的云 CAD 解决方案已经变得日渐流行。
* [SolveSpace](http://solvespace.com/index.pl) 是另一个值得一提的开源软件项目。它支持 3D 模型。
* 西门子 NX 是一个在 Windows、Mac OS 及 Linux 上可用的工业级 CAD 解决方案，但是它贵得离谱，所以，在这个列表中被忽略。
* 接下来，你有 [LeoCAD](https://www.leocad.org/)，它是一个 CAD 软件，在软件中你使用乐高积木来构建东西。你使用这些信息做些什么取决于你。


### 我对 Linux 上的 CAD 的看法


尽管在 Linux 上游戏变得流行，我总是告诉我的铁杆游戏朋友坚持使用 Windows。类似地，如果你是一名在你是课程中使用 CAD 的工科学生，我建议你使用学校规定的软件 (AutoCAD、SolidEdge、Catia)，这些软件通常只在 Windows 上运行。


对于高级专业人士来说，当我们讨论行业标准时，这些工具根本达不到标准。


对于想在 WINE 中运行 AutoCAD 的那些人来说，尽管一些较旧版本的 AutoCAD 可以安装在 WINE 上，它们根本不执行工作，小故障和崩溃严重损害这些体验。


话虽如此，我高度尊重上述列表中软件的开发者的工作。他们丰富了 FOSS 世界。很高兴看到像 FreeCAD 一样的软件在近些年中加速开发速度。


好了，今天到此为止。使用下面的评论区与我们分享你的想法，不用忘记分享这篇文章。谢谢。




---


via: <https://itsfoss.com/cad-software-linux/>


作者：[Aquil Roshan](https://itsfoss.com/author/aquil/) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
![Warp Terminal](/assets/images/warp-terminal.webp)


![Warp Terminal](/assets/images/warp-terminal.webp)

[Computer Aided Design (CAD)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_design?ref=itsfoss.com) is an essential part of many engineering streams. CAD is professionally used in architecture, auto parts design, space shuttle research, aeronautics, bridge construction, interior design, and even clothing and jewelry.

Several professional-grade CAD programs like SolidWorks and [Autodesk](https://www.autodesk.com/?ref=itsfoss.com) AutoCAD are not natively supported on the Linux platform.

Still, there are some alternative CAD applications available for Linux. You'll learn about them in this article.

## Best CAD Software available for Linux

![CAD Software for Linux](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2018/08/cad-software-linux.jpeg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1)

**Not all the applications listed here are open-source and free. I have also included some non-FOSS CAD software to help average Linux users. The non-open-source software has been duly indicated.**

**Non-FOSS Warning!**Installation instructions for Ubuntu-based Linux distributions have been provided. You can check the respective websites to learn the installation procedures for other distributions.

The list is not in any specific order. The CAD application at number one shouldn’t be considered better than the one at number three, and so on.

### 1. FreeCAD

For 3D modelling, FreeCAD is an excellent option that is both free (beer and speech) and open-source. FreeCAD is built with mechanical engineering and product design as its target purposes. FreeCAD is multiplatform and is available on Windows and macOS as well as Linux.

![freecad](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2018/07/freecad.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1)

Although FreeCAD has been the choice of many Linux users, it should be noted that it’s not a full-fledged solution. However, it’s good to know that it’s being actively developed and you can find the latest releases on [GitHub](https://github.com/FreeCAD/FreeCAD/releases?ref=itsfoss.com) as well.

FreeCAD doesn’t focus on direct 2D drawings and animating organic shapes, but it’s great for design related to mechanical engineering. FreeCAD version 0.15 is available in the Ubuntu repositories.

So you can install it directly from your software center. If you don’t find it there, you can install it by running the following command:

`sudo apt install freecad`


To get newer daily builds (currently on 0.19), simply head to the [GitHub releases ](https://github.com/FreeCAD/FreeCAD/releases?ref=itsfoss.com)page to download them.

### 2. LibreCAD

LibreCAD is a free and open-source 2D CAD solution. Generally, CAD tends to be a resource-intensive task, and if you have rather modest hardware, then I’d suggest you go for LibreCAD as it’s really lightweight in terms of resource usage. LibreCAD is a great tool for geometric constructions.

![librecad](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2018/07/librecad.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1)

As a 2D tool, LibreCAD is good but it doesn’t work on 3D models and renderings. It might be unstable at times but it has a dependable autosave that won’t let your work go to waste.

You can install LibreCAD by running the following command:

`sudo apt install librecad`


### 3. OpenSCAD

OpenSCAD is a free 3D CAD program. It’s very lightweight and flexible. OpenSCAD isn’t interactive: you need to ‘program’ the model and OpenSCAD will interpret that code to render a visual model. In a sense, it’s like a compiler. You cannot draw the model – you describe the model.

![openscad](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2018/07/openscad.jpg?resize=800%2C450&ssl=1)

OpenSCAD is the most complicated tool on this list, but once you get to know it, it provides an enjoyable work environment.

You can use the following command to install OpenSCAD.

`sudo apt-get install openscad`


### 4. BRL-CAD

BRL-CAD is one of the oldest CAD tools out there. It’s also a favorite of Linux/UNIX users as it aligns itself with the *nix philosophies of modularity and freedom.

![BRL-CAD rendering by Sean](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2018/07/brlcad.jpg?resize=800%2C453&ssl=1)

The BRL-CAD project started in 1979, and it’s still developed actively. Now, BRL-CAD isn’t AutoCAD, but it’s still a great choice for transport studies such as thermal and ballistic penetration. BRL-CAD uses CSG instead of boundary representation. You might need to keep that in mind if you opt for BRL-CAD. You can download BRL-CAD from its official website.

### 5. QCAD

![Qcad Linux](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2019/12/qcad-linux.jpg)

QCAD is a commercially available open-source CAD program based on the [Qt framework](https://www.qt.io/?ref=itsfoss.com).

The free community edition is open-source and its [source code is available](https://github.com/qcad/qcad?ref=itsfoss.com). The professional version contains add-ons for advanced DXF support, DWG support and many extra tools and features.

In other words, the free community edition is restricted to certain features.

QCAD may not be the best CAD software there is, but the UI and the options it provides are good for many uses. So if you’re interested in trying open-source CAD software, you can download the trial version to test-drive it.

You can opt for the trial version first, which runs for 15 minutes before you need to restart the session. And if you like using the trial version, you can consider upgrading it.

### 6. BricsCAD (not open-source)

Yet another alternative suggested by some of our readers.

This may not be a free and open-source solution. However, you will find it available for Linux when you purchase it.

It’s a feature-rich CAD program available for Linux users. If you are curious, there’s a [comparison chart](https://www.bricsys.com/en-eu/bricscad/compare/?ref=itsfoss.com) with AutoCAD on its official website that lists its capabilities and features.

You need to sign up for a 30-day trial to start with and purchase it later if you like it.

### 7. VariCAD (not open-source)

![Varicad Illustration](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2019/12/varicad-illustration.jpg)

VariCAD is another decent CAD program for 2D and 3D designs. Even though it isn’t free, you get a 30-day free trial version to test it out.

For Linux, you can download Debian and RPM packages to try it out. It’s actively maintained and supports most of the latest Linux distributions. It also offers a free VariCAD viewer, which you can use to convert DWG to DFX and similar tasks.

### Honorary mentions

- With a huge growth in cloud computing technologies, cloud CAD solutions like
[OnShape](https://www.onshape.com/?ref=itsfoss.com)have been getting more popular each day. [SolveSpace](http://solvespace.com/index.pl?ref=itsfoss.com)is another open-source project worth mentioning. It supports 3D modeling.- Siemens NX is an industrial-grade CAD solution available on Windows, Mac OS and Linux, but it’s ridiculously expensive, so we’ve omitted it from this list.
- Then there’s
[LeoCAD](https://www.leocad.org/?ref=itsfoss.com), which is a CAD program where you use LEGO blocks to build stuff. What you do with this information is up to you.

## CAD on Linux – my opinion

Although gaming on Linux has picked up, I always tell my hardcore gaming friends to stick to Windows in dual boot.

Similarly, if you’re an engineering student with CAD on your curriculum, I’d recommend using the software that your college prescribes (AutoCAD, SolidEdge, Catia), which generally tends to run on Windows only. You can always dual boot to keep Windows and Linux on the same computer.

And for advanced professionals, these tools might not be up to the mark when we’re talking about industry standards.

For those of you thinking about running AutoCAD in [WINE](https://itsfoss.com/install-wine-ubuntu/), although some older versions of AutoCAD can be installed on WINE, they simply do not perform with glitches and crashes ruining the experience.

That being said, I highly respect the work that has been put in by the developers of the above-listed software. They’ve enriched the FOSS world. And it’s great to see a program like FreeCAD developing at an accelerated pace in recent years.

Do share your thoughts with us using the comments section below and don’t forget to share this article. Cheers!