在 Fedora 下使用下拉式终端更快输入命令
终端
![](/data/attachment/album/201908/12/093936a2ss434157v7kdrn.jpg)


下拉式终端可以一键打开，并快速输入桌面上的任何命令。通常它会以平滑的方式创建终端，有时会带有下拉效果。本文演示了如何使用 Yakuake、Tilda、Guake 和 GNOME 扩展等下拉式终端来改善和加速日常任务。


### Yakuake


[Yakuake](https://kde.org/applications/system/org.kde.yakuake) 是一个基于 KDE Konsole 技术的下拉式终端模拟器。它以 GNU GPLv2 条款分发。它包括以下功能：


* 从屏幕顶部平滑地滚下
* 标签式界面
* 尺寸和动画速度可配置
* 换肤
* 先进的 D-Bus 接口


要安装 Yakuake，请使用以下命令：



```
$ sudo dnf install -y yakuake
```

#### 启动和配置


如果你运行 KDE，请打开系统设置，然后转到“启动和关闭”。将“yakuake”添加到“自动启动”下的程序列表中，如下所示：


![](/data/attachment/album/201908/12/093941lanp04aa4nuujutf.png)


Yakuake 运行时很容易配置，首先在命令行启动该程序：



```
$ yakuake &
```

随后出现欢迎对话框。如果标准的快捷键和你已经使用的快捷键冲突，你可以设置一个新的。


![](/data/attachment/album/201908/12/093945ijfnnbf0fp9gb0lg.png)


点击菜单按钮，出现如下帮助菜单。接着，选择“配置 Yakuake……”访问配置选项。


![](/data/attachment/album/201908/12/093947aaiprruotu4t44tb.png)


你可以自定义外观选项，例如透明度、行为（例如当鼠标指针移过它们时聚焦终端）和窗口（如大小和动画）。在窗口选项中，你会发现当你使用两个或更多监视器时最有用的选项之一：“在鼠标所在的屏幕上打开”。


#### 使用 Yakuake


主要的快捷键有：


* `F12` = 打开/撤回 Yakuake
* `Ctrl+F11` = 全屏模式
* `Ctrl+)` = 上下分割
* `Ctrl+(` = 左右分割
* `Ctrl+Shift+T` = 新会话
* `Shift+Right` = 下一个会话
* `Shift+Left` = 上一个会话
* `Ctrl+Alt+S` = 重命名会话


以下是 Yakuake 像[终端多路复用器](https://fedoramagazine.org/4-cool-terminal-multiplexers/)一样分割会话的示例。使用此功能，你可以在一个会话中运行多个 shell。


![](/data/attachment/album/201908/12/094005qi3qqr03kqkymzuw.gif)


### Tilda


[Tilda](https://github.com/lanoxx/tilda) 是一个下拉式终端，可与其他流行的终端模拟器相媲美，如 GNOME 终端、KDE 的 Konsole、xterm 等等。


它具有高度可配置的界面。你甚至可以更改终端大小和动画速度等选项。Tilda 还允许你启用热键，以绑定到各种命令和操作。


要安装 Tilda，请运行以下命令：



```
$ sudo dnf install -y tilda
```

#### 启动和配置


大多数用户更喜欢在登录时就在后台运行一个下拉式终端。要设置此选项，请首先转到桌面上的应用启动器，搜索 Tilda，然后将其打开。


接下来，打开 Tilda 配置窗口。 选择“隐藏启动 Tilda”，即启动时不会立即显示终端。


![](/data/attachment/album/201908/12/094008bimms2sgidxmjmxj.png)


接下来，你要设置你的桌面自动启动 Tilda。如果你使用的是 KDE，请转到“系统设置 > 启动与关闭 > 自动启动”并“添加一个程序”。


![](/data/attachment/album/201908/12/094010mjodwnzmovu4vodj.png)


如果你正在使用 GNOME，则可以在终端中运行此命令：



```
$ ln -s /usr/share/applications/tilda.desktop ~/.config/autostart/
```

当你第一次运行它时，会出现一个向导来设置首选项。如果需要更改设置，请右键单击终端并转到菜单中的“首选项”。


![](/data/attachment/album/201908/12/094013r0ikk2vdzggigj2d.png)


你还可以创建多个配置文件，并绑定其他快捷键以在屏幕上的不同位置打开新终端。为此，请运行以下命令：



```
$ tilda -C
```

每次使用上述命令时，Tilda 都会在名为 `~/.config/tilda/` 文件夹中创建名为 `config_0`、`config_1` 之类的新配置文件。然后，你可以映射组合键以打开具有一组特定选项的新 Tilda 终端。


#### 使用 Tilda


主要快捷键有：


* `F1` = 拉下终端 Tilda（注意：如果你有多个配置文件，快捷方式是 F1、F2、F3 等）
* `F11` = 全屏模式
* `F12` = 切换透明模式
* `Ctrl+Shift+T` = 添加标签
* `Ctrl+Page Up` = 下一个标签
* `Ctrl+Page Down` = 上一个标签


### GNOME 扩展


Drop-down Terminal [GNOME 扩展](https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/442/drop-down-terminal/)允许你在 GNOME Shell 中使用这个有用的工具。它易于安装和配置，使你可以快速访问终端会话。


#### 安装


打开浏览器并转到[此 GNOME 扩展的站点](https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/442/drop-down-terminal/)。启用扩展设置为“On”，如下所示：


![](/data/attachment/album/201908/12/094017knp9k9qq43nuqlcw.png)


然后选择“Install”以在系统上安装扩展。


![](/data/attachment/album/201908/12/094022mx0ckmextaq1i7q8.png)


执行此操作后，无需设置任何自动启动选项。只要你登录 GNOME，扩展程序就会自动运行！


#### 配置


安装后，将打开 Drop-down Terminal 配置窗口以设置首选项。例如，可以设置终端大小、动画、透明度和使用滚动条。


![](/data/attachment/album/201908/12/094023hdwflybvysyc3exv.png)


如果你将来需要更改某些首选项，请运行 `gnome-shell-extension-prefs` 命令并选择“Drop Down Terminal”。


#### 使用该扩展


快捷键很简单：


* 反尖号 （通常是 `Tab` 键上面的一个键) = 打开/撤回终端
* `F12` （可以定制） = 打开/撤回终端




---


via: <https://fedoramagazine.org/use-a-drop-down-terminal-for-fast-commands-in-fedora/>


作者：[Guilherme Schelp](https://fedoramagazine.org/author/schelp/) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
A **drop-down terminal** lets you tap a key and quickly enter any command on your desktop. Often it creates a terminal in a smooth way, sometimes with effects. This article demonstrates how it helps to improve and speed up daily tasks, using drop-down terminals like Yakuake, Tilda, Guake and a GNOME extension.

## Yakuake

[Yakuake](https://kde.org/applications/system/org.kde.yakuake) is a drop-down terminal emulator based on KDE Konsole techonology. It is distributed under the terms of the GNU GPL Version 2. It includes features such as:

- Smoothly rolls down from the top of your screen
- Tabbed interface
- Configurable dimensions and animation speed
- Skinnable
- Sophisticated D-Bus interface

To install Yakuake, use the following command:

$ sudo dnf install -y yakuake

### Startup and configuration

If you’re runnign KDE, open the System Settings and go to *Startup and Shutdown*. Add *yakuake* to the list of programs under *Autostart*, like this:

![](https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/auto_start-1024x723.png)

It’s easy to configure Yakuake while running the app. To begin, launch the program at the command line:

$ yakuake &

The following welcome dialog appears. You can set a new keyboard shortcut if the standard one conflicts with another keystroke you already use:

![](https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/yakuake_config-1024x419.png)

Now click the menu button, and the following help menu appears. Next, select *Configure Yakuake…* to access the configuration options.

![](https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/yakuake_config_01.png)

You can customize the options for appearance, such as opacity; behavior, such as focusing terminals when the mouse pointer is moved over them; and window, such as size and animation. In the window options you’ll find one of the most useful options is you use two or more monitors: *Open on screen: At mouse location*.

### Using Yakuake

The main shortcuts are:

**F12**= Open/Retract Yakuake**Ctrl+F11**= Full Screen Mode**Ctrl+)**= Split Top/Bottom**Ctrl+(**= Split Left/Right**Ctrl+Shift+T**= New Session**Shift+Right**= Next Session**Shift+Left**= Previous Session**Ctrl+Alt+S**= Rename Session

Below is an example of Yakuake being used to split the session like a [terminal multiplexer](https://fedoramagazine.org/4-cool-terminal-multiplexers/). Using this feature, you can run several shells in one session.

![](https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/yakuake_usage.gif)

## Tilda

[Tilda](https://github.com/lanoxx/tilda) is a drop-down terminal that compares with other popular terminal emulators such as GNOME Terminal, KDE’s Konsole, xterm, and many others.

It features a highly configurable interface. You can even change options such as the terminal size and animation speed. Tilda also lets you enable hotkeys you can bind to commands and operations.

To install Tilda, run this command:

$ sudo dnf install -y tilda

### Startup and configuration

Most users prefer to have a drop-down terminal available behind the scenes when they login. To set this option, first go to the app launcher in your desktop, search for Tilda, and open it.

Next, open up the Tilda Config window. Select *Start Tilda hidden*, which means it will not display a terminal immediately when started.

![](https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/tilda_startup.png)

Next, you’ll set your desktop to start Tilda automatically. If you’re using KDE, go to *System Settings* > *Startup and Shutdown* > *Autostart* and use *Add a Program*.

![](https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/tilda_startup_alt.png)

If you’re using GNOME, you can run this command in a terminal:

$ ln -s /usr/share/applications/tilda.desktop ~/.config/autostart/

When you run for the first time, a wizard shows up to set your preferences. If you need to change something, right click and go to *Preferences* in the menu.

![](https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/tilda_config.png)

You can also create multiple configuration files, and bind other keys to open new terminals at different places on the screen. To do that, run this command:

$ tilda -C

Every time you use the above command, Tilda creates a new config file located in the *~/.config/tilda/* folder called *config_0*, *config_1*, and so on. You can then map a key combination to open a new Tilda terminal with a specific set of options.

### Using Tilda

The main shortcuts are:

**F1**= Pull Down Terminal Tilda (Note: If you have more than one config file, the shortcuts are the same, with a diferent*open/retract*shortcut like F1, F2, F3, and so on)**F11**= Full Screen Mode**F12**= Toggle Transparency**Ctrl+Shift+T**= Add Tab**Ctrl+Page Up**= Go to Next Tab**Ctrl+Page Down**= Go to Previous Tab

## GNOME Extension

The Drop-down Terminal [GNOME Extension](https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/442/drop-down-terminal/) lets you use this useful tool in your GNOME Shell. It is easy to install and configure, and gives you fast access to a terminal session.

### Installation

Open a browser and go to the [site for this GNOME extension](https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/442/drop-down-terminal/). Enable the extension setting to *On*, as shown here:

![](https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/gnome-shell-install_2-1024x455.png)

Then select *Install* to install the extension on your system.

![](https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/gnome-shell-install_3.png)

Once you do this, there’s no reason to set any autostart options. The extension will automatically run whenever you login to GNOME!

### Configuration

After install, the Drop Down Terminal configuration window opens to set your preferences. For example, you can set the size of the terminal, animation, transparency, and scrollbar use.

![](https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/gnome-shell-install_4.png)

If you need change some preferences in the future, run the *gnome-shell-extension-prefs* command and choose *Drop Down Terminal*.

### Using the extension

The shortcuts are simple:

**`**(usually the key above**Tab**) = Open/Retract Terminal**F12**(customize as you prefer) = Open/Retract Terminal

## Phantom X

xfce4-terminal supports drop-down too, but launch key must be set manually with a shortcut utility (like xfce4-keyboard-settings):

xfce4-terminal –hide-menubar –drop-down

## Mark

Do these support cut and paste commands? CTRL-Insert and SHIFT-Insert. That’s my major issue with most GUIs, as an admin.

## LUrk

The question is:

why the obvious choice for Gnome centric distro – GUAKE – got ommited?

And second of all

whenFedora will ship new version of Guake? Fedora 30 has obsolete version 0.8.8 from Nov 28, 2016 in its repositories. It’s not only not up-to-date 0.8.x legacy release but it also requires Python2 dependencies which are (hopefully) going to be removed in F31 due to Python2 enf-of-life.I really hope we’ll get the new Guake 3 in Fedora 31.

## Pete

I think it is important to note this doesn’t work, nor does guake in gnome on wayland.

## chr314

if you are using tilix you can just add a keyboard shortcut to the command

tilix –quake

## Max

I’ve used Tilix for this task. Great piece of software:

https://github.com/gnunn1/tilix/wiki/Quake-Mode

## Neville A. Cross

I friend recommend me to use a drop-down terminal. I still have to practice and remind me to use it. I haven’t fully trained my self to use it. In my case I am using guake.

## Darrin Swanson

You forgot Guake

## Aurelie

Nice article and my favorite is Yakuake (in KDE). I had a few issues with resolution in Fedora 29 with my HDPI XPS13 screen but seems to be fixed in the last versions. I’m a very happy user. Thanks

## Gee Bee

No guake in comparison?

## anon

you forgot to mention that xfce terminal has dropdown mode.

https://docs.xfce.org/apps/terminal/dropdown

## Yury Donskoy

Actually, all this article demonstrates is how to configure the various applications, not they will help in my daily tasks, assuming the apps even know what my daily tasks are.

I boot up, I always run Konsole and mark it to be available on all my desktops. Then it’s always available on all my desktops. Why do I need yet another terminal app?

## Luke

Let’s address the elephant in the room:

there’s an obvious choice of a dropdown console for Gnome-centric distro like Fedora and it’s called Guake. It got mentioned by name once and that’s it.

While having nothing against Yakuake (which should be recommended for KDE spin) installing it on default Fedora Gnome involves installing 55 (!) KDE specific dependencies including icon theme and phonon.

On the other hand Guake is built with GTK3. A perfect fit for Fedora Gnome. Yet Fedora ships deprecated unpatched version 0.8.8 from 2016. It’s not even the latest version of legacy branch…

To make it worse Guake 0.8.8 relies on Python 2 which was on its deathbed for the last 5 years. Current plans are to get rid of Python 2 packages for F31.

Can we expect Guake 3 build on GTK3 and Python3 available for Fedora 31?

PS There are currently at least 3 open bug reports about this on Fedora’s bugzilla.

## pamsu

Exactly….guake is the best drop down terminal for gnome-shell.

Even though compatibility is crappy it can be integrated completely with gnome-shell.

The current state does not work with wayland but only on a browser does the f12 function work.

## Andy

Following is an easy workaround for Guake hot keys on Wayland

https://github.com/Guake/guake/issues/492#issuecomment-119075514

## Luke

Looks like we’re finally going to get updated Guake in next Fedora release!

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1738955

## Anton

I love your magazine!

## Lars

Maybe you want to add another option… Install xfce4-terminal, if you’re not having it already. It comes with a dropdown option on board:

xfce4-terminal –drop-down

and assign a shortcut for it

## pamsu

Where is guake?

It still is the best drop down terminal…though it does not work properly, it still remains the best

## Blake

The latest guake is already packaged in F31 rawhide repo. Follow this to install as standalone RPM:

Download the guake-3.6.3-1.fc30.noarch.rpm from https://koji.fedoraproject.org/koji/buildinfo?buildID=1349392

Install dependencies: sudo dnf install gnome-common python3dist(pbr)

Rebuild RPM for current Fedora (30): rpmbuild –rebuild ./guake-3.6.3-1.fc31.src.rpm

RPM will be placed in ~/rpmbulid/BUILD/RPMS/noarch/guake-3.6.3-1.fc30.noarch.rpm

Install rpm: sudo dnf install ./rpmbulid/BUILD/RPMS/noarch/guake-3.6.3-1.fc30.noarch.rpm

## rocker

sudo dnf install xdotool

map this shell script to a key (F12 in my case),

#!/usr/bin/env bash

pidterminal=$(pidof gnome-terminal-server)

if [ “$pidterminal” = “” ] ; then

gnome-terminal-server 2> /dev/null &

fi

window=$(xdotool search –name ‘Terminal – .*’)

current=$(xdotool getwindowfocus)

if [ “$current” = “$window” ] ; then

xdotool windowminimize $window

else

xdotool windowactivate $window

disabled (multiple monitors): xdotool windowsize $window 100% 100%

fi

## Tim

“This article demonstrates how it helps to improve and speed up daily tasks, using drop-down terminals like Yakuake, Tilda, Guake..”

Unfortunately for GNOME users, the first one requires many KDE dependencies, and the latter two are broken (in Fedora 30).

## TonyG

If your desktop environment supports configurable hotkeys, set one to open your existing terminal. I set Ctrl+Alt+T to launch gnome-terminal. No new package needed, no new terminal to learn.

## Paul W. Frields

@TonyG: I do the same thing, cool! However, for reasons of screen real estate, drop down may be better for some people.