针对大型文件系统可以试试此 Bash 脚本
脚本 Bash

> 
> 一个可以列出文件、目录、可执行文件和链接的简单脚本。
> 
> 
> 


![bash logo on green background](/data/attachment/album/202003/23/095140ntfm3vrzz7meyn2z.png "bash logo on green background")


你是否曾经想列出目录中的所有文件，但仅列出文件，而不列出其它的。仅列出目录呢？如果有这种需求的话，那么下面的脚本可能正是你一直在寻找的，它在 GPLv3 下开源。


当然，你可以使用 `find` 命令：



```
find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -print
```

但这键入起来很麻烦，输出也不友好，并且缺少 `ls` 命令拥有的一些改进。你还可以结合使用 `ls` 和 `grep` 来达到相同的结果：



```
ls -F . | grep -v /
```

但是，这又有点笨拙。下面这个脚本提供了一种简单的替代方法。


### 用法


该脚本提供了四个主要功能，具体取决于你调用它的名称：`lsf` 列出文件，`lsd` 列出目录，`lsx` 列出可执行文件以及 `lsl` 列出链接。


通过符号链接无需安装该脚本的多个副本。这样可以节省空间并使脚本更新更容易。


该脚本通过使用 `find` 命令进行搜索，然后在找到的每个项目上运行 `ls`。这样做的好处是，任何给脚本的参数都将传递给 `ls` 命令。因此，例如，这可以列出所有文件，甚至包括以点开头的文件：



```
lsf -a
```

要以长格式列出目录，请使用 `lsd` 命令：



```
lsd -l
```

你可以提供多个参数，以及文件和目录路径。


下面提供了当前目录的父目录和 `/usr/bin` 目录中所有文件的长分类列表：



```
lsf -F -l .. /usr/bin
```

目前该脚本不处理递归，仅列出当前目录中的文件。



```
lsf -R
```

该脚本不会深入子目录，这个不足有一天可能会进行修复。


### 内部


该脚本采用自上而下的方式编写，其初始化功能位于脚本的开头，而工作主体则接近结尾。脚本中只有两个真正重要的功能。函数 `parse_args()` 会仔细分析命令行，将选项与路径名分开，并处理脚本中的 `ls` 命令行选项中的特定选项。


`list_things_in_dir()` 函数以目录名作为参数并在其上运行 `find` 命令。找到的每个项目都传递给 `ls` 命令进行显示。


### 总结


这是一个可以完成简单功能的简单脚本。它节省了时间，并且在使用大型文件系统时可能会非常有用。


### 脚本



```
#!/bin/bash

# Script to list:
#      directories (if called "lsd")
#      files       (if called "lsf")
#      links       (if called "lsl")
#  or  executables (if called "lsx")
# but not any other type of filesystem object.
# FIXME: add lsp   (list pipes)
#
# Usage:
#   <command_name> [switches valid for ls command] [dirname...]
#
# Works with names that includes spaces and that start with a hyphen.
#
# Created by Nick Clifton.
# Version 1.4
# Copyright (c) 2006, 2007 Red Hat.
#
# This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
# by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your
# option) any later version.

# It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.

# ToDo:
#  Handle recursion, eg:  lsl -R
#  Handle switches that take arguments, eg --block-size
#  Handle --almost-all, --ignore-backups, --format and --ignore

main ()
{
  init
 
  parse_args ${1+"$@"}

  list_objects

  exit 0
}

report ()
{
  echo $prog": " ${1+"$@"}
}

fail ()
{
  report " Internal error: " ${1+"$@"}
  exit 1
}

# Initialise global variables.
init ()
{
  # Default to listing things in the current directory.
  dirs[0]=".";
 
  # num_dirs is the number of directories to be listed minus one.
  # This is because we are indexing the dirs[] array from zero.
  num_dirs=0;
 
  # Default to ignoring things that start with a period.
  no_dots=1
 
  # Note - the global variables 'type' and 'opts' are initialised in
  # parse_args function.
}

# Parse our command line
parse_args ()
{
  local no_more_args

  no_more_args=0 ;

  prog=`basename $0` ;

  # Decide if we are listing files or directories.
  case $prog in
    lsf | lsf.sh)
      type=f
      opts="";
      ;;
    lsd | lsd.sh)
      type=d
      # The -d switch to "ls" is presumed when listing directories.
      opts="-d";
      ;;
    lsl | lsl.sh)
      type=l
      # Use -d to prevent the listed links from being followed.
      opts="-d";
      ;;
    lsx | lsx.sh)
      type=f
      find_extras="-perm /111"
      ;;    
    *)
      fail "Unrecognised program name: '$prog', expected either 'lsd', 'lsf', 'lsl' or 'lsx'"
      ;;
  esac

  # Locate any additional command line switches for ls and accumulate them.
  # Likewise accumulate non-switches to the directories list.
  while [ $# -gt 0 ]
  do
    case "$1" in
      # FIXME: Handle switches that take arguments, eg --block-size
      # FIXME: Properly handle --almost-all, --ignore-backups, --format
      # FIXME:   and --ignore
      # FIXME: Properly handle --recursive
      -a | -A | --all | --almost-all)
        no_dots=0;
        ;;
      --version)
        report "version 1.2"
        exit 0
        ;;
      --help)
        case $type in
          d) report "a version of 'ls' that lists only directories" ;;
          l) report "a version of 'ls' that lists only links" ;;
          f) if [ "x$find_extras" = "x" ] ; then
               report "a version of 'ls' that lists only files" ;
             else
              report "a version of 'ls' that lists only executables";
             fi ;;
        esac
        exit 0
        ;;
      --)
        # A switch to say that all further items on the command line are
        # arguments and not switches.
        no_more_args=1 ;
        ;;
      -*)
        if [ "x$no_more_args" = "x1" ] ;
        then
          dirs[$num_dirs]="$1";
          let "num_dirs++"
        else
          # Check for a switch that just uses a single dash, not a double
          # dash.  This could actually be multiple switches combined into
          # one word, eg "lsd -alF".  In this case, scan for the -a switch.
          # XXX: FIXME: The use of =~ requires bash v3.0+.
          if [[ "x${1:1:1}" != "x-" && "x$1" =~ "x-.*a.*" ]] ;
          then
            no_dots=0;
          fi
          opts="$opts $1";
        fi
        ;;
      *)
        dirs[$num_dirs]="$1";
        let "num_dirs++"
        ;;
    esac
    shift
  done

  # Remember that we are counting from zero not one.
  if [ $num_dirs -gt 0 ] ;
  then
    let "num_dirs--"
  fi
}

list_things_in_dir ()
{
  local dir

  # Paranoia checks - the user should never encounter these.
  if test "x$1" = "x" ;
  then
    fail "list_things_in_dir called without an argument"
  fi

  if test "x$2" != "x" ;
  then
    fail "list_things_in_dir called with too many arguments"
  fi

  # Use quotes when accessing $dir in order to preserve
  # any spaces that might be in the directory name.
  dir="${dirs[$1]}";

  # Catch directory names that start with a dash - they
  # confuse pushd.
  if test "x${dir:0:1}" = "x-" ;
  then
    dir="./$dir"
  fi
 
  if [ -d "$dir" ]
  then
    if [ $num_dirs -gt 0 ]
    then
      echo "  $dir:"
    fi

    # Use pushd rather passing the directory name to find so that the
    # names that find passes on to xargs do not have any paths prepended.
    pushd "$dir" > /dev/null
    if [ $no_dots -ne 0 ] ; then
      find . -maxdepth 1 -type $type $find_extras -not -name ".*" -printf "%f\000" \
        | xargs --null --no-run-if-empty ls $opts -- ;
    else
      find . -maxdepth 1 -type $type $find_extras -printf "%f\000" \
        | xargs --null --no-run-if-empty ls $opts -- ;
    fi
    popd > /dev/null
  else
    report "directory '$dir' could not be found"
  fi
}

list_objects ()
{
  local i

  i=0;
  while [ $i -le $num_dirs ]
  do
    list_things_in_dir i
    let "i++"
  done
}

# Invoke main
main ${1+"$@"}
```



---


via: <https://opensource.com/article/20/2/script-large-files>


作者：[Nick Clifton](https://opensource.com/users/nickclifton) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
Have you ever wanted to list all the files in a directory, but just the files, nothing else? How about just the directories? If you have, then the following script, which is open source under GPLv3, could be what you have been looking for.

Of course, you could use the **find** command:

`find . -maxdepth 1 -type f -print`


But this is cumbersome to type, produces unfriendly output, and lacks some of the refinement of the **ls** command. You could also combine **ls** and **grep** to achieve the same result:

`ls -F . | grep -v /`


But again, this is clunky. This script provides a simple alternative.

## Usage

The script provides four main functions, which depend upon which name you call: **lsf** lists files, **lsd** lists directories, **lsx** lists executables, and **lsl** lists links.

There is no need to install multiple copies of the script, as symbolic links work. This saves space and makes updating the script easier.

The script works by using the **find** command to do the searching, and then it runs **ls** on each item it finds. The nice thing about this is that any arguments given to the script are passed to the **ls** command. So, for example, this lists all files, even those that start with a dot:

`lsf -a`


To list directories in long format, use the **lsd** command:

`lsd -l`


You can provide multiple arguments, and also file and directory paths.

This provides a long classified listing of all of files in the current directory's parent directory, and in the **/usr/bin** directory:

`lsf -F -l .. /usr/bin`


One thing that the script does not currently handle, however, is recursion. This command lists only the files in the current directory.

`lsf -R`


The script does not descend into any subdirectories. This is something that may be fixed one day.

## Internals

The script is written in a top-down fashion with the initial functions at the start of the script and the body of the work performed near the end. There are only two functions that really matter in the script. The **parse_args() **function peruses the command line, separates options from pathnames, and scripts specific options from the **ls** command-line options.

The **list_things_in_dir()** function takes a directory name as an argument and runs the **find** command on it. Each item found is passed to the **ls** command for display.

## Conclusion

This is a simple script to accomplish a simple function. It is a time saver and can be surprisingly useful when working with large filesystems.

## The script

```
#!/bin/bash
# Script to list:
# directories (if called "lsd")
# files (if called "lsf")
# links (if called "lsl")
# or executables (if called "lsx")
# but not any other type of filesystem object.
# FIXME: add lsp (list pipes)
#
# Usage:
# <command_name> [switches valid for ls command] [dirname...]
#
# Works with names that includes spaces and that start with a hyphen.
#
# Created by Nick Clifton.
# Version 1.4
# Copyright (c) 2006, 2007 Red Hat.
#
# This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published
# by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your
# option) any later version.
# It is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
# WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# ToDo:
# Handle recursion, eg: lsl -R
# Handle switches that take arguments, eg --block-size
# Handle --almost-all, --ignore-backups, --format and --ignore
main ()
{
init
parse_args ${1+"$@"}
list_objects
exit 0
}
report ()
{
echo $prog": " ${1+"$@"}
}
fail ()
{
report " Internal error: " ${1+"$@"}
exit 1
}
# Initialise global variables.
init ()
{
# Default to listing things in the current directory.
dirs[0]=".";
# num_dirs is the number of directories to be listed minus one.
# This is because we are indexing the dirs[] array from zero.
num_dirs=0;
# Default to ignoring things that start with a period.
no_dots=1
# Note - the global variables 'type' and 'opts' are initialised in
# parse_args function.
}
# Parse our command line
parse_args ()
{
local no_more_args
no_more_args=0 ;
prog=`basename $0` ;
# Decide if we are listing files or directories.
case $prog in
lsf | lsf.sh)
type=f
opts="";
;;
lsd | lsd.sh)
type=d
# The -d switch to "ls" is presumed when listing directories.
opts="-d";
;;
lsl | lsl.sh)
type=l
# Use -d to prevent the listed links from being followed.
opts="-d";
;;
lsx | lsx.sh)
type=f
find_extras="-perm /111"
;;
*)
fail "Unrecognised program name: '$prog', expected either 'lsd', 'lsf', 'lsl' or 'lsx'"
;;
esac
# Locate any additional command line switches for ls and accumulate them.
# Likewise accumulate non-switches to the directories list.
while [ $# -gt 0 ]
do
case "$1" in
# FIXME: Handle switches that take arguments, eg --block-size
# FIXME: Properly handle --almost-all, --ignore-backups, --format
# FIXME: and --ignore
# FIXME: Properly handle --recursive
-a | -A | --all | --almost-all)
no_dots=0;
;;
--version)
report "version 1.2"
exit 0
;;
--help)
case $type in
d) report "a version of 'ls' that lists only directories" ;;
l) report "a version of 'ls' that lists only links" ;;
f) if [ "x$find_extras" = "x" ] ; then
report "a version of 'ls' that lists only files" ;
else
report "a version of 'ls' that lists only executables";
fi ;;
esac
exit 0
;;
--)
# A switch to say that all further items on the command line are
# arguments and not switches.
no_more_args=1 ;
;;
-*)
if [ "x$no_more_args" = "x1" ] ;
then
dirs[$num_dirs]="$1";
let "num_dirs++"
else
# Check for a switch that just uses a single dash, not a double
# dash. This could actually be multiple switches combined into
# one word, eg "lsd -alF". In this case, scan for the -a switch.
# XXX: FIXME: The use of =~ requires bash v3.0+.
if [[ "x${1:1:1}" != "x-" && "x$1" =~ "x-.*a.*" ]] ;
then
no_dots=0;
fi
opts="$opts $1";
fi
;;
*)
dirs[$num_dirs]="$1";
let "num_dirs++"
;;
esac
shift
done
# Remember that we are counting from zero not one.
if [ $num_dirs -gt 0 ] ;
then
let "num_dirs--"
fi
}
list_things_in_dir ()
{
local dir
# Paranoia checks - the user should never encounter these.
if test "x$1" = "x" ;
then
fail "list_things_in_dir called without an argument"
fi
if test "x$2" != "x" ;
then
fail "list_things_in_dir called with too many arguments"
fi
# Use quotes when accessing $dir in order to preserve
# any spaces that might be in the directory name.
dir="${dirs[$1]}";
# Catch directory names that start with a dash - they
# confuse pushd.
if test "x${dir:0:1}" = "x-" ;
then
dir="./$dir"
fi
if [ -d "$dir" ]
then
if [ $num_dirs -gt 0 ]
then
echo " $dir:"
fi
# Use pushd rather passing the directory name to find so that the
# names that find passes on to xargs do not have any paths prepended.
pushd "$dir" > /dev/null
if [ $no_dots -ne 0 ] ; then
find . -maxdepth 1 -type $type $find_extras -not -name ".*" -printf "%f\000" \
| xargs --null --no-run-if-empty ls $opts -- ;
else
find . -maxdepth 1 -type $type $find_extras -printf "%f\000" \
| xargs --null --no-run-if-empty ls $opts -- ;
fi
popd > /dev/null
else
report "directory '$dir' could not be found"
fi
}
list_objects ()
{
local i
i=0;
while [ $i -le $num_dirs ]
do
list_things_in_dir i
let "i++"
done
}
# Invoke main
main ${1+"$@"}
```


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