从命令行远程配置 Xfce4 工作区
Xfce4

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> 几乎所有的事情都可以从 Linux 命令行完成，包括对 Xfce4 进行远程配置。
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![](/data/attachment/album/202206/30/114747lfub5hh0b5nyquf3.jpg "Coding on a computer")


与专有操作系统相比，我很欣赏 Linux 的一个特点是，几乎所有的东西都可以从命令行中进行管理和配置。意味着几乎所有的事情都可以在本地或者通过 SSH 远程登录进行管理。虽然有时候需要花费一点时间在互联网上搜索，但是你能想到的任务，是有可能从命令行完成的。


### 问题


有时候需要使用命令行对桌面进行远程配置。在这种特殊情况下，我需要响应远程用户的请求将在 [Xfce](https://www.xfce.org/) 控制板上的工作区从四个减少到三个。这种配置只需要在互联网上搜索约 20 分钟就找到了。


xfwm4 的默认工作区数量和许多其他设置可以在 `/usr/share/xfwm4/defaults` 这个文件中找到和修改。因此将 `workspace_count=2` 设置为 `workspace_count=4` 就改变了主机上所有用户的默认值。同时，非 root 用户可以执行 `xfconf-query` 命令来查询和设置 xfwm4 窗口管理器的各种属性。它应该由需要改变设置的用户使用，而不是由 root 使用。


在下面的例子中，首先我验证了当前工作区数量为 `4` ，然后将数量改为 `2`，最后确认了新设置。



```
[user@test1 ~]# xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p /general/workspace_count
4
[user@test1 ~]# xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p /general/workspace_count -s 2
[user@test1 ~]# xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p /general/workspace_count
2
[user@test1 ~]#

```

此更改会立即生效，用户可以马上看到，无需重新启动，甚至无需注销并重新登录。我曾在我的工作站上玩过这个游戏，当我输入设置不同数量的工作空间的命令时，可以观察到工作空间切换器的变化。我在哪儿都能找到乐子。;- )


### 更多探索


现在我解决了这个问题，我决深入了解一下 `xfconf-query` 命令。不幸的是，该工具没有手册或信息页，`/usr/share` 中也没有任何文档。退而求其次，使用 `-h` 选项获取一些帮助信息。



```
$ xfconf-query -h
 Usage:
   xfconf-query [OPTION…] - Xfconf commandline utility
 Help Options:
   -h, --help            显示帮助选项
 Application Options:
   -V, --version         版本信息
   -c, --channel         查询/修改通道
   -p, --property        查询/修改属性
   -s, --set             更新权限的值
   -l, --list            罗列属性（或者通道，如果没有用 -c 指定）
   -v, --verbose         详细输出
   -n, --create          当新属性不存在，则创建它
   -t, --type            指定属性值类型
   -r, --reset           重置属性
   -R, --recursive       递归（与 -r 一起使用）
   -a, --force-array     即使只有一个元素也强制采用数组
   -T, --toggle          反转现有的布尔属性
   -m, --monitor         监视属性更改的通道

```

这没有多大帮助，但我们还是可以从中找出一些有用的东西。首先，*通道* 是可以修的属性的分组。我对 `general` 通道下的 `workspace_count` 属性进行了更改。让我们看看完整的通道列表：



```
$ xfconf-query -l
Channels:
  xfwm4
  xfce4-keyboard-shortcuts
  xfce4-notifyd
  xsettings
  xfdashboard
  thunar
  parole
  xfce4-panel
  xfce4-appfinder
  xfce4-settings-editor
  xfce4-power-manager
  xfce4-session
  keyboards
  displays
  keyboard-layout
  ristretto
  xfcethemer
  xfce4-desktop
  pointers
  xfce4-settings-manager
  xfce4-mixer

```

给定通道的属性也可以用下列的命令来查看。我使用 `less` 分页器，因为结果是一长串数据。我对下面的列表进行了裁剪，但留下了足够多的条目，你可以看到这些条目的类型。



```
$ xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -l | less
/general/activate_action
/general/borderless_maximize
/general/box_move
/general/box_resize
/general/button_layout
/general/button_offset
<裁剪>
/general/workspace_count
/general/workspace_names
/general/wrap_cycle
/general/wrap_layout
/general/wrap_resistance
/general/wrap_windows
/general/wrap_workspaces
/general/zoom_desktop
(END)

```

你可以用这种方式探索所有的通道。我发现通道通常对应“设置管理器”中的各种设置。这些属性是你在这些对话框中设置的。请注意，并非你在“设置管理器”对话窗口中找到的所有设置都是 Xfce 桌面的一部分，因此它们没有对应的通道。屏幕保护程序就是一个例子，因为它是通用的 GNU 屏幕保护程序，并不是 Xfce 独有的。“设置管理器” 是 Xfce 定位这些配置工具的一个很好的中心位置。


### 文档


综上所述，`xconf-query` 命令似乎没有任何手册或信息页，并且我在网上发现了很多不正确的、记录不全的信息。我发现对 Xfce4 来说最好的文档是 [Xfce 网站](https://www.xfce.org/)，关于 `xconf-query` 的一些具体信息可以在这里找到。




---


via: <https://opensource.com/article/21/1/remote-configuration-xfce4>


作者：[David Both](https://opensource.com/users/dboth) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[Donkey-Hao](https://github.com/Donkey-Hao) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
One of the things I appreciate about Linux versus proprietary operating systems is that almost everything can be managed and configured from the command line. That means that nearly everything can be configured locally or even remotely via an SSH login connection. Sometimes it takes a bit of time spent on Internet searches, but if you can think of a task, it can probably be done from the command line.

## The problem


Sometimes it is necessary to make remote modifications to a desktop using the command line. In this particular case, I needed to reduce the number of workspaces on the [Xfce](https://www.xfce.org/) panel from four to three at the request of a remote user. This configuration only required about 20 minutes of searching on the Internet.

The default workspace count and many other settings for **xfwm4** can be found and changed in the **/usr/share/xfwm4/defaults** file. So setting *workspace_count=4* to *workspace_count=2* changes the default for all users on the host. Also, the **xfconf-query** command can be run by non-root users to query and set various attributes for the **xfwm4** window manager. It should be used by the user account that requires the change and not by root.

In the sample below, I have first verified the current setting of *four* workspaces, then set the number to *two*, and finally confirmed the new setting.

```
[user@test1 ~]# xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p /general/workspace_count
4
[user@test1 ~]# xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p /general/workspace_count -s 2
[user@test1 ~]# xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -p /general/workspace_count
2
[user@test1 ~]#
```


This change takes place immediately and is visible to the user without a reboot or even logging out and back in. I had a bit of fun with this on my workstation by watching the workspace switcher change as I entered commands to set different numbers of workspaces. I get my amusements where I can these days. ;-)

## More exploration

Now that I fixed the problem, I decided to explore the **xfconf-query** command in a bit more detail. Unfortunately, there are no man or info pages for this tool, nor is there any documentation in **/usr/share**. The usual fallback of using the **-h** option resulted in little helpful information.

```
$ xfconf-query -h
Usage:
xfconf-query [OPTION…] - Xfconf commandline utility
Help Options:
-h, --help Show help options
Application Options:
-V, --version Version information
-c, --channel The channel to query/modify
-p, --property The property to query/modify
-s, --set The new value to set for the property
-l, --list List properties (or channels if -c is not specified)
-v, --verbose Verbose output
-n, --create Create a new property if it does not already exist
-t, --type Specify the property value type
-r, --reset Reset property
-R, --recursive Recursive (use with -r)
-a, --force-array Force array even if only one element
-T, --toggle Invert an existing boolean property
-m, --monitor Monitor a channel for property changes
```


This is not a lot of help, but we can figure out a good bit from it anyway. First, *channels* are groupings of properties that can be modified. I made the change above to the **general** channel, and the property is **workspace_count**. Let’s look at the complete list of channels.

```
$ xfconf-query -l
Channels:
xfwm4
xfce4-keyboard-shortcuts
xfce4-notifyd
xsettings
xfdashboard
thunar
parole
xfce4-panel
xfce4-appfinder
xfce4-settings-editor
xfce4-power-manager
xfce4-session
keyboards
displays
keyboard-layout
ristretto
xfcethemer
xfce4-desktop
pointers
xfce4-settings-manager
xfce4-mixer
```


The properties for a given channel can also be viewed using the following syntax. I have used the **less** pager because the result is a long stream of data. I have pruned the listing below but left enough to see the type of entries you can expect to find.

```
$ xfconf-query -c xfwm4 -l | less
/general/activate_action
/general/borderless_maximize
/general/box_move
/general/box_resize
/general/button_layout
/general/button_offset
<SNIP>
/general/workspace_count
/general/workspace_names
/general/wrap_cycle
/general/wrap_layout
/general/wrap_resistance
/general/wrap_windows
/general/wrap_workspaces
/general/zoom_desktop
(END)
```


You can explore all the channels in this manner. I discovered that the channels generally correspond to the various settings in the **Settings Manager**. The properties are the ones that you would set in those dialogs. Note that not all the icons you will find in the **Settings Manager** dialog window are part of the **Xfce** desktop, so there are no corresponding channels for them. The **Screensaver** is one example because it is a generic GNU screensaver and not unique to **Xfce**. The **Settings Manager** is just a good central place for **Xfce** to locate many of these configuration tools.

## Documentation

As mentioned previously, there do not appear to be any man or info pages for the **xconf-query** command, and I found a lot of incorrect and poorly documented information on the Internet. The best documentation I found for **Xfce4** is on the [Xfce website](https://www.xfce.org/), and some specific information on **xconf-query** can be found here.

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