Fedora Linux 的家族（四）：替代下载
Fedora
![](/data/attachment/album/202308/16/171749ip2lzzx4747u232t.jpg)


Fedora 替代下载是 Fedora 项目提供的一项非常出色的资源，为寻求特定需求或独特用例的用户提供了替代的发行选项。本文将深入探讨 Fedora 替代下载的多样化选择，重点介绍它们的重要性以及它们如何满足 Fedora 社区中的不同需求。你可以在我之前的文章 [介绍不同的 Fedora Linux 版本](https://fedoramagazine.org/introduce-the-different-fedora-linux-editions/) 中找到所有 Fedora Linux 变种的概述。


### 网络安装器


Fedora 网络安装器是一个安装 Fedora Linux 的高效灵活的工具。这是 Fedora 的在线安装器。与主版本使用的封装在立付镜像中的方式不同，该安装器允许你在安装时自定义哪些软件包将被安装。然而，由于要安装的软件包并未封装在此安装器镜像中，因此在安装时需要网络访问以下载选定的软件包。


不要将这个与网络启动混淆，后者是从小型的 [预启动执行环境](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preboot_Execution_Environment) 启动操作系统或操作系统安装器的一种方法。（尽管这种 [引导程序](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootloader) 有可能 [链式加载](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_loading) Fedora 的网络安装器。）


### Torrent 下载


Fedora Torrent 下载利用了 BitTorrent 协议，这是一种点对点的文件共享协议。BitTorrent 使用户可以同时从多个来源下载 Fedora Linux 镜像，而不是依赖于中央服务器进行下载。这种去中心化的方式提高了下载速度，减轻了单个服务器的负担，从而带来了更快、更可靠的下载体验。Fedora Torrent 下载提供了一种快速、可靠、由社区驱动的获取 Fedora Linux 镜像的方式。通过利用 BitTorrent 协议的力量，Fedora 利用了全球用户的集体带宽和资源，从而实现了更快的下载和提高了可靠性。


详细信息可在此链接查看：



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> **[Torrent 下载](https://torrent.fedoraproject.org/)**
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### 替代架构


Fedora 替代架构是 Fedora 项目的一项倡议，旨在通过提供一系列架构选项，扩大 Fedora Linux 操作系统的兼容性。除了标准的 x86\_64 架构外，Fedora 替代架构还为其他架构提供支持，包括 ARM AArch64，Power 和 s390x。该倡议使你可以根据硬件需求选择最适合的架构，使 Fedora Linux 能在多种设备和系统上运行。无论你是拥有树莓派、配备 Power 处理器的服务器，还是其他专用硬件，Fedora 替代架构都确保你能获得满足特定需求的定制 Fedora Linux 体验。


详细信息可在此链接查看：



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> **[替代架构](https://alt.fedoraproject.org/alt/)**
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### Fedora Cloud


在我写完介绍主要 Fedora Linux 版本的这个系列的初始帖子后，[Fedora Cloud 镜像已恢复为完整版状态](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/RestoreCloudEdition)。Fedora 替代下载页面上仍有一些指向 Fedora Cloud 镜像的链接。但是它们将很快被移除。现在获取最新的 Fedora Cloud 镜像的正确地点是：



> 
> **[Fedora Cloud 镜像](https://fedoraproject.org/cloud/download/)**
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Fedora Cloud 镜像是 Fedora 项目为云环境使用提供的镜像集合。Fedora Cloud 镜像特别设计用于在云中以高效和最佳性能运行应用程序。使用 Fedora Cloud 镜像，你可以快速部署并在云中运行应用程序，而无需花费时间从头开始配置操作系统。Fedora Cloud 镜像也在可扩展性方面提供了灵活性，允许你根据应用程序的需求轻松调整资源的大小和容量。


### 测试镜像


Fedora 测试镜像是一系列专为测试和贡献 Fedora Linux 开发而设计的专用系统镜像。这些镜像允许你测试最新的特性，探索 Fedora Linux 的最近更改，并报告遇到的任何问题。使用 Fedora 测试镜像，你可以通过提供有价值的反馈和贡献，积极参与 Fedora Linux 的开发。


你参与测试和贡献 Fedora 测试镜像在维护和提高 Fedora Linux 的质量和可靠性方面起着至关重要的作用。通过汇报问题，测试软件和提供反馈，你可以帮助 Fedora 开发者修复漏洞，增强性能，确定需要进一步改进和开发的领域。Fedora 测试镜像为你提供了一个方便且安全的方式直接参与 Fedora Linux 的开发，从而加强社区，为所有 Fedora 用户带来更好、更可靠的操作系统。


### Rawhide


Fedora Rawhide 是 Fedora Linux 操作系统的开发分支。它提供了一个持续演进和尖端的 Fedora Linux OS 版本。它作为新特性、增强和软件更新的测试场地，这些更新都是针对包含在未来 Fedora Linux 稳定版本中的。Fedora Rawhide 提供了对最新软件包的早期访问，让用户能够走在技术的前沿，并参与到 Fedora Linux 的测试和完善中。


使用 Fedora Rawhide 既有好处也有考量因素。一方面，它为早期采用者、开发者和贡献者提供了一个平台，他们可以在此测试和对即将到来的特性和变更提供反馈。这有助于在将它们包含在稳定版本之前识别和解决问题。另一方面，由于 Fedora Rawhide 持续处于开发中，可能会遇到 bugs、不稳定和兼容性问题。因此，只推荐给熟悉排错并积极为 Fedora 社区贡献的经验用户。


详细信息可在此链接查看：



> 
> **[Fedora Rawhide](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/releases/rawhide/)**
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### 结论


Fedora 替代下载提供了一系列令人印象深刻的替代发行版，满足了 Fedora 社区内多样化的需求。无论是通过 Fedora 定制版、Fedora 实验室、Fedora 重混版、Fedora Silverblue 还是 ARM 版本，用户可以找到满足他们需求、偏好和用例的专门分发。这种灵活性和社区驱动的方式使 Fedora 替代下载成为 Fedora Linux 爱好者的宝贵资源，促进了 Fedora 生态系统内的创新和定制。你可以在下面找到关于 Fedora 替代下载的完整信息：



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> **[Fedora 替代下载](https://alt.fedoraproject.org/)**
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*（题图：MJ/c93c33ec-79e4-4815-ac65-d78b422b854f）*




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via: <https://fedoramagazine.org/fedora-linux-editions-part-4-alt-downloads/>


作者：[Arman Arisman](https://fedoramagazine.org/author/armanwu/) 选题：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed/) 译者：ChatGPT 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


OK
Fedora Alt Downloads is a remarkable resource provided by the Fedora Project, offering alternative distribution options for users seeking specific requirements or unique use cases. This article will delve into the diverse selection of Fedora Alt Downloads, highlighting their significance and how they cater to different needs within the Fedora community. You can find an overview of all the Fedora Linux variants in my previous article [Introduce the different Fedora Linux editions](https://fedoramagazine.org/introduce-the-different-fedora-linux-editions/).

## Network Installer

The Fedora Network Installer is an efficient and flexible tool for installing Fedora Linux. This is Fedora’s online installer. Unlike the baked-in Live images that the main editions use, this installer allows you to customize which software packages will be installed at installation time. However, because the packages to be installed are not baked into this installer image, network access will be required at installation time to download the selected packages.

Don’t confuse this with network booting which is a method of initiating an operating system or operating system installer from a small [Preboot Execution Environment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preboot_Execution_Environment). (Though it is possible for that sort of [bootloader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootloader) to [chain-load](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_loading) Fedora’s network installer.)

## Torrent Downlods

Fedora Torrent Downloads utilize the BitTorrent protocol, which is a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol. Instead of relying on a central server for downloads, BitTorrent enables users to download Fedora Linux images from multiple sources simultaneously. This decentralized approach enhances download speeds and reduces strain on individual servers, resulting in a faster and more reliable download experience. Fedora Torrent Downloads offer a fast, reliable, and community-driven method for obtaining Fedora Linux images. By harnessing the power of the BitTorrent protocol, Fedora leverages the collective bandwidth and resources of users worldwide, resulting in faster downloads and improved reliability.

Details are available at this link: [https://torrent.fedoraproject.org/](https://torrent.fedoraproject.org/)

## Alternate Architectures

Fedora Alternate Architectures is an initiative by the Fedora Project that aims to expand the compatibility of the Fedora Linux operating systems by offering a range of architecture options. In addition to the standard x86_64 architecture, Fedora Alternate Architectures provides support for alternative architectures, including ARM AArch64, Power, and s390x. This initiative allows you to select the architecture that best suits their hardware requirements, enabling Fedora Linux to run on a diverse range of devices and systems. Whether you have a Raspberry Pi, a server with Power processors, or other specialized hardware, Fedora Alternate Architectures ensures that you have a tailored Fedora Linux experience that meets your specific needs.

Details are available at this link: [https://alt.fedoraproject.org/alt/](https://alt.fedoraproject.org/alt/)

## Fedora Cloud

After I wrote my initial post in this series that introduced the main Fedora Linux editions, [Fedora Cloud was restored to full edition status](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/RestoreCloudEdition). There are still some links to the Fedora Cloud images on the Fedora Alt Downloads page. But they will be removed soon. The correct place to get the latest Fedora Cloud images is now [https://fedoraproject.org/cloud/download/](https://fedoraproject.org/cloud/download/).

Fedora Cloud images are a collection of images provided by the Fedora Project for use in cloud environments. Fedora Cloud images are specifically designed to run applications in the cloud with efficiency and optimal performance. By using Fedora Cloud images, you can quickly deploy and run applications in the cloud without the need to spend time configuring the operating system from scratch. Fedora Cloud images also provide flexibility in terms of scalability, allowing you to easily adjust the size and capacity of resources according to the needs of your applications.

## Testing Images

Fedora Testing Images are a collection of specialized system images designed for testing and contributing to the development of Fedora Linux. These images allow you to test the latest features, explore the recent changes in Fedora Linux, and report any issues encountered. By using Fedora Testing Images, you can actively participate in the development of Fedora Linux by providing valuable feedback and contributions.

Your participation in testing and contributing to Fedora Testing Images plays a vital role in maintaining and improving the quality and reliability of Fedora Linux. By reporting issues, testing software, and providing feedback, you can assist Fedora developers in fixing bugs, enhancing performance, and identifying areas for further improvement and development. Fedora Testing Images provide an easy and secure way for you to engage directly in the development of Fedora Linux, strengthening the community and resulting in a better and more reliable operating system for all Fedora users.

## Rawhide

Fedora Rawhide is the development branch of the Fedora Linux operating system. It provides a continuously evolving and cutting-edge version of the Fedora Linux OS. It serves as a testing ground for new features, enhancements, and software updates that are targeted for inclusion in future stable releases of Fedora Linux. Fedora Rawhide offers early access to the latest software packages, allowing users to stay at the forefront of technology and contribute to the testing and refinement of Fedora Linux.

Using Fedora Rawhide comes with both benefits and considerations. On one hand, it provides a platform for early adopters, developers, and contributors to test and provide feedback on upcoming features and changes. This helps identify and address issues before they are included in stable releases. On the other hand, since Fedora Rawhide is constantly under development, it may encounter bugs, instability, and compatibility issues. Therefore, it is recommended only for experienced users who are comfortable with troubleshooting and actively contributing to the Fedora community.

Details are available at this link: [https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/releases/rawhide/](https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/releases/rawhide/)

## Conclusion

Fedora Alt Downloads provides an impressive array of alternative distributions, catering to diverse needs within the Fedora community. Whether it’s through Fedora Spins, Fedora Labs, Fedora Remixes, Fedora Silverblue, or ARM editions, users can find specialized distributions that suit their requirements, preferences, and use cases. This versatility and community-driven approach makes Fedora Alt Downloads a valuable resource for Fedora Linux enthusiasts, fostering innovation, and customization within the Fedora ecosystem. You can find complete information about Fedora Alt Downloads at [https://alt.fedoraproject.org/](https://alt.fedoraproject.org/)

## Cornel Panceac

‘ including ARM, AArch64, ‘

You meant ‘ARM AArch64’ (without the comma), right?

Also: ‘ including ARM, AArch64, Power, and s390x.’

What means ‘including’ ? Is there anything else beside ARM AArch64, Power and S390x ?

## Gregory Bartholomew

Thanks for pointing out that typo Cornel. I’ve removed the extra comma.

There is RISC-V. But I don’t think it is officially supported yet.

## Paul A. Gureghian

I think it might be ARM 32 bit

## Gregory Bartholomew

According to the wiki page (https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/RetireARMv7) Fedora stopped supporting ARM 32 bit in June of 2023.

## iqk2d0r6r5

Love the alternative downloads and have been using them as well as the spins for a long time.

Really wish there was one additional alternative download that just contained a minimal fedora install’s entire filesystem packaged as some kind of tar/tar.xz/etc archive, similar to what Arch does.

This would be great for the use-case of doing manual partition setup with cli-tools and then manually installing to said partitions. Haven’t tried the new web-based Anaconda yet but I know the old GTK-based one makes doing this sort of thing next to impossible and due to the way BLS entries are handled in Anaconda, things like Fedora + Fedora dual-boot are very difficult to do under Anaconda (there are tickets mentioning it).

## Gregory Bartholomew

If you are formatting your drive manually from another Fedora OS, then

dnf ‐‐installroot=<target-partition-mountpoint> group install “Minimal Install”

dnf ‐‐installroot=<target-partition-mountpoint> install dnf5 kernel

should give you something

closeto what the Fedora Minimal image has.If you want to be a little more exact, you could examine the following kickstart scripts that are used to generate the Fedora Minimal image.

https://pagure.io/fedora-kickstarts/blob/main/f/fedora-disk-base.ks

https://pagure.io/fedora-kickstarts/blob/main/f/fedora-minimal-common.ks

https://pagure.io/fedora-kickstarts/blob/main/f/fedora-disk-minimal.ks

## iqk2d0r6r5

Thanks Gregory

Those are decent suggestions. I have tried the –installroot option before but if I recall correctly, I had run into some odd behavior with it on occasion (system not booting after install usually). Kickstart might be an option but had seemed a bit involved when I had attempted to decipher it in the past.

All the same, I still wish that the minimal install as a tar file existed as one of the alt download options as that would be far simpler than either the –installroot or kickstart approaches, usable from any live disc (not just fedora ones), and likely significantly faster since it would simply be unpacking a system. No clue where the proper place to propose such a thing would be but I assume it would be a moot point unless I had the time and know-how to build it and was willing to maintain it myself.

My current solution is to do a minimal install, then tar the filesystem myself. This works for reinstalls on the same pc but I haven’t tried it across hw builds (I suspect it would run into issues). Even this is a bit of a chore though so I don’t really bother with it every release, only when I have the time and energy to mess with different setups; even then I tend to reuse the one capture and then just do an in-place upgrade if I can get away with it.

## Gregory Bartholomew

Yes, configuring the bootloader is a separate (and complex) step from downloading/unpacking the root filesystem. That would be true of a tar archive as well, which is probably why Fedora doesn’t normally distribute their OS that way. They are adding official support for sd-boot in the upcoming release, however, and that might simplify the steps required to create the “bootloader” partition enough that people could do installs from simple file archives as you suggest.