在 Windows 上使用开源屏幕阅读器 NVDA
无障碍 屏幕阅读
![](/data/attachment/album/202206/02/101911ds5t1xts1o52vmss.jpg)



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> 为纪念全球无障碍意识日，让我们了解一下 NVDA 开源屏幕阅读器，以及你该如何参与其中，为所有网络用户提高无障碍性。
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屏幕阅读器是辅助技术软件的一个专门领域，它可以阅读并说出计算机屏幕上的内容。完全没有视力的人只是视力障碍者的一小部分，屏幕阅读器软件可以帮助所有群体。屏幕阅读器大多特定于操作系统，供有视觉障碍的人和无障碍培训师使用，以及想要测试网站或应用的无障碍访问程度的开发人员和无障碍顾问。


### 如何使用 NVDA 屏幕阅读器


[WebAIM 屏幕阅读器用户调查](https://webaim.org/projects) 始于 2009 年，一直持续到 2021 年。在第一次调查中，最常用的屏幕阅读器是 JAWS，占 74%。它是微软 Windows 的商业产品，并且是长期的市场领导者。NVDA 当时是一个相对较新的 Windows 开源屏幕阅读器，仅占 8%。快进到 2021 年，JAWS 占 53.7%，NVDA 占 30.7%。


你可以从 [NVAccess 网站](https://www.nvaccess.org) 下载最新版本的 NVDA。为什么我要使用 NVDA 并将它推荐给我使用微软 Windows 的客户？嗯，它是开源的、速度快、功能强大、易于安装、支持多种语言、可以作为便携式应用运行、拥有庞大的用户群，并且有定期发布新版本的周期。


NVDA 已被翻译成 55 种语言，并在 175 个不同的国家/地区使用。还有一个活跃的开发者社区，拥有自己的 [社区插件网站](https://addons.nvda-project.org/index.en.html)。你选择安装的任何附加组件都将取决于你的需求，并且有很多可供选择，包括常见视频会议平台的扩展。


与所有屏幕阅读器一样，NVDA 有很多组合键需要学习。熟练使用任何屏幕阅读器都需要培训和练习。


![Image of NVDA welcome screen](/data/attachment/album/202206/02/101918tfo2p7dkh5hovdd7.png)


向熟悉计算机和会使用键盘的人教授 NVDA 并不太难。向一个完全初学者教授基本的计算机技能（没有鼠标、触摸板和键盘技能）和使用 NVDA 是一个更大的挑战。个人的学习方式和偏好不同。此外，如果人们只想浏览网页和使用电子邮件，他们可能不需要学习如何做所有事情。NVDA 教程和资源的一个很好的链接来源是 [无障碍中心](http://www.accessibilitycentral.net/)。


当你掌握了使用键盘命令操作 NVDA，它就会变得更容易，但是还有一个菜单驱动的系统可以完成许多配置任务。


![Image of NVDA menu](/data/attachment/album/202206/02/101918gyrqqneznz870ony.png)


### 测试无障碍性


多年来，屏幕阅读器用户无法访问某些网站一直是个问题，尽管美国残疾人法案（ADA）等残疾人平等立法仍然存在。NVDA 在有视力的社区中的一个很好的用途是用于网站无障碍性测试。NVDA 可以免费下载，并且通过运行便携式版本，网站开发人员甚至不需要安装它。运行 NVDA，关闭显示器或闭上眼睛，看看你在浏览网站或应用时的表现如何。


NVDA 也可用于测试（通常被忽略的）正确 [标记 PDF 文档以实现无障碍性](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRzWRk6cXIE) 任务。


有几个指南专注于使用 NVDA 进行无障碍性测试。我可以推荐 [使用 NVDA 测试网页](https://www.unimelb.edu.au/accessibility/tools/testing-web-pages-with-nvda) 和使用 [NVDA 评估 Web 无障碍性](https://webaim.org/articles/nvda)。




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via: <https://opensource.com/article/22/5/open-source-screen-reader-windows-nvda>


作者：[Peter Cheer](https://opensource.com/users/petercheer) 选题：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
Screen readers are a specialized area of assistive technology software that reads and then speaks the content of a computer screen. People with no sight at all are just a fraction of those with visual impairments, and screen reader software can help all groups. Screen readers are mostly specific to an operating system, and they're used by people with visual impairments and accessibility trainers, as well as developers and accessibility consultants wanting to test how accessible a website or application is.


## How to use the NVDA screen reader

The [WebAIM screen reader user surveys](https://webaim.org/projects) began in 2009 and ran to 2021. In the first survey, the most common screen reader used was JAWS at 74%. It is a commercial product for Microsoft Windows, and the long-time market leader. NVDA, then a relatively new open source screen reader for Windows came in at just 8%. Fast forward to 2021 and JAWS comes in with 53.7% with NVDA at 30.7%.

You can download the latest release of NVDA from the [NVAccess website](https://www.nvaccess.org). Why do I use NVDA and recommend it to my MS Windows using clients? Well, it is open source, fast, powerful, easy to install, supports a wide variety of languages, can be run as a portable application, has a large user base, and there is a regular release cycle for new versions.

NVDA has been translated into fifty-five languages and is used in one-hundred and seventy-five different countries. There is also an active developer community with their own [Community Add-ons website](https://addons.nvda-project.org/index.en.html). Any add-ons you choose to install will depend on your needs and there are a lot to choose from, including extensions for common video conferencing platforms.

Like all screen readers, there are a lot of key combinations to learn with NVDA. Using any screen reader proficiently takes training and practice.

![Image of NVDA welcome screen](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/nvda1.png)

(Peter Cheer, CC BY-SA 4.0)

Teaching NVDA to people familiar with computers and who have keyboard skills is not too difficult. Teaching basic computer skills (without the mouse, touch pad, and keyboard skills) and working with NVDA to a complete beginner is far more of a challenge. Individual learning styles and preferences differ. In addition, people may not need to learn how to do everything if all that they want to do is browse the web and use email. A good source of links to NVDA tutorials and resources is [Accessibility Central](http://www.accessibilitycentral.net/).

It becomes easier once you have mastered operating NVDA with keyboard commands, but there is also a menu-driven system for many configuration tasks.

![Image of NVDA menu](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2022-05/nvda2.png)

(Peter Cheer, CC BY-SA 4.0)

## Test for accessibility

The inaccessibility of some websites to screen reader users has been a problem for many years, and still is despite disability equality legislation like the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). An excellent use for NVDA in the sighted community is for website accessibility testing. NVDA is free to download, and by running a portable version, website developers don't even need to install it. Run NVDA, turn off your monitor or close your eyes, and see how well you can navigate a website or application.

NVDA can also be used for testing when working through the (often ignored) task of properly [tagging a PDF document for accessibility](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRzWRk6cXIE).

There are several guides that concentrate on using NVDA for accessibility testing. I can recommend [Testing Web Pages with NVDA](https://www.unimelb.edu.au/accessibility/tools/testing-web-pages-with-nvda) and Using [NVDA to Evaluate Web Accessibility](https://webaim.org/articles/nvda).

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