“联邦宇宙”的 5 分钟之旅
Mastodon 联邦宇宙
![](/data/attachment/album/202306/05/172935xzuy4zpxh9xoxpjg.jpg)



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> 一个快闪式的游览，介绍所有连接在一起形成开源社交网络世界的网站。
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人们希望在互联网上像在现实生活中一样轻松地进行交流，并享有类似的保护，但可能具有更广泛的影响力。换句话说，人们希望能够与不在同一地理位置的一群人聊天，并仍然对谁拥有对话内容进行一定程度的控制。在当今世界，很多公司对你通过互联网发送和接收的数据拥有很多权利。大多数公司似乎认为他们有权管理你的通讯方式、你的信息覆盖范围等等。幸运的是，开源并不需要拥有你的社交生活，因此开源社交网络的开发者正在推出一款首先属于你的社交网络。


“Fediverse”（“联邦”和“宇宙”合成的词，译为“联邦宇宙”）是一组协议、服务器和用户，这些组成了可以相互通信的网络。用户可以通过这些网络交换短消息、博客文章、音乐和视频。你发布的内容是联邦式的，这意味着一旦一个网络知道了你的内容，它就可以将该内容传递给另一个网络，然后再传递给另一个网络，以此类推。


大多数平台由单个公司或组织运行，是一个唯一的数据封闭系统。与其他人分享内容的唯一方法是要求他们加入该服务。


联邦允许不同服务的用户互动，而无需为每个需要共享的资源创建一个帐户。


每个服务实例的管理员可以在存在严重问题的情况下阻止其他实例。用户也可以阻止其他用户或整个实例，以改善自己的体验。


### 联邦宇宙平台的例子


最近受到了很多关注的联邦宇宙平台是 Mastodon，它专注于微博客（类似于 Twitter）。然而 Mastodon 只是联邦宇宙的一个组成部分。还有更多：


* 微博客：Mastodon、Pleroma、Misskey
* 博客：[Write.as](http://Write.as)、[Read.as](http://Read.as)
* 视频托管：Peertube
* 音频托管：Funkwhale
* 图像托管：Pixelfed
* 链接聚合器：Lemmy
* 活动规划：mobilizon、gettogether.community


### 联邦宇宙的历史


在 2008 年，Evan Prodromou 创建了一个微博客服务，名为 [identi.ca](http://identi.ca)，采用了 Ostatus 协议和 [status.net](http://status.net) 服务器软件。几年后，他更改了服务协议，采用了一种名为 [pump.io](http://pump.io) 的新协议。他将 Ostatus 协议发布给自由软件基金会，并导入了 GNU/social。以这种方式，联邦宇宙持续了几年。


2016 年 3 月，Eugen Rochco（Gargron）创建了 Mastodon，它使用 GNU/social，并采用了类似于流行的 Twitter 接口 Tweetdeck 的界面。这使得 Mastodon 得到一定的流行度。


![联邦宇宙包括 Pixelfed、Mastodon、Misskey、Plume、Nextcloud、Castopod、Bookwyrm 等等](/data/attachment/album/202306/05/173302etf335jt4ltotuoe.jpg)


2018 年，一种名为 ActivityPub 的新协议被 W3C 接受为标准化协议。大多数联邦宇宙平台都采用了它。它由 Evan Prodromou、Christine Lemmer-Weber 和其他人编写，并扩展了之前的服务，提供了更好和更灵活的协议。


### 联邦宇宙看起来像什么？


联邦宇宙由使用 ActivityPub 协议的任何应用程序组成，因此其外观非常多样化。你可以想象，微博客平台与视频共享服务有不同的要求。


然而，进入这个伟大而未知的领域可能令人望而生畏。这里有一些我最喜欢的联合服务的屏幕截图：


Mastodon 网页客户端有简化视图和高级视图。默认的简化视图显示首页信息流的一个单列，右侧有更多选项。


![Mastodon 网页客户端具有一个中央面板，用于显示你的定制网络中的活动](/data/attachment/album/202306/05/173312bk52r1h5wqozoqrx.jpg)


下面显示的高级 Web 界面有首页时间线、本地时间线、联邦时间线以及用户的个人资料。当用户第一次使用时，更易于使用的单列视图是默认的。


![高级 Mastodon 界面有几列](/data/attachment/album/202306/05/173322bpzsi1exiect0e11.jpg)


Pixelfed 的界面专注于图像和视频的显示：


![Pixelfed 的界面显示了照片的缩略图](/data/attachment/album/202306/05/173331shf3yjfuk4u1k7yk.jpg)


Peertube 用于共享视频：


![Peertube 的界面显示可以观看的视频缩略图](/data/attachment/album/202306/05/173350funlzii4z4nrcr2z.jpg)


Mobilizon 是一个活动计划网站，计划与联邦宇宙集成：


![Mobilizon 界面可帮助你计划活动](/data/attachment/album/202306/05/173358qy0n9cs50uadis5i.jpg)


### 切换到开源社交网络


准备好开始了吗？请查看 [fediverse.info](http://fediverse.info) ，了解有关联邦宇宙的视频解释和基于主题的方式来查找（自选的）其他用户。


请查看 fedi.tips ，获取有关如何入门、如何迁移数据和更多信息的详细指南。


Mastodon 有几个入口：


* [joinmastodon.org](http://joinmastodon.org)：Mastodon 服务器的最大列表。
* joinfediverse.wiki：有关不同联邦宇宙服务和实例的详细信息。
* fedi.garden：良好策划的实例列表。


如果你需要帮助决定加入哪个实例（假设你还不想自己搭建服务器），请访问 fediverse.party/en/portal/servers。


你是数据迷吗？请访问 [the-federation.info](http://the-federation.info) 了解有关已知联邦宇宙的统计数据、监控服务以及基于数据的观察。


### 成为联邦一份子


联邦宇宙是使用社交媒体的一种个性化方式，可以选择一个满足你需求的群体的实例或运行自己的服务器，并使它成为你想要的样子。它避免了广告、算法和其他困扰许多社交网络的令人不愉快的问题。


如果你正在寻找比大型封闭服务更适合你需求的社区，不妨看看 Mastodon 和联邦宇宙，它们也许很适合你。成为联邦一份子吧！


你可以在联邦宇宙上找到我，用户名为 [@murph@hackers.town](https://hackers.town/@murph)。


*（题图：MJ/65de601a-4c04-4fe7-a0b7-26076e29f512）*




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via: <https://opensource.com/article/23/3/tour-the-fediverse>


作者：[Bob Murphy](https://opensource.com/users/murph) 选题：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed/) 译者：ChatGPT 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
People want to communicate over the internet as easily as they do in real life, with similar protections but, potentially, farther reach. In other words, people want to be able to chat with a group of other people who aren't physically in the same location, and still maintain some control over who claims ownership of the conversation. In today's world, of course, a lot of companies have a lot to say about who owns the data you send back and forth over the world wide web. Most companies seem to feel they have the right to govern the way you communicate, how many people your message reaches, and so on. Open source, luckily, doesn't need to own your social life, and so appropriately it's open source developers who are delivering a social network that belongs, first and foremost, to you.

The "Fediverse" (a portmanteau of "federated" and "universe") is a collection of protocols, servers, and users. Together, these form networks that can communicate with one another. Users can exchange short messages, blog-style posts, music, and videos over these networks. Content you post is federated, meaning that once one network is aware of your content, it can pass that content to another network, which passes it to another, and so on.

Most platforms are run by a single company or organization, a single silo where your data is trapped. The only way to share with others is to have them join that service.

Federation allows users of different services to inter-operate with one another without creating an account for each shared resource.

Admins for each service instance can block other instances in case of egregious issues. Users can likewise block users or entire instances to improve their own experience.

## Examples of Fediverse platforms

Mastodon is a Fediverse platform that has gotten a lot of attention lately, and it's focused on microblogging (similar to [Twitter](https://opensource.com/article/22/11/switch-twitter-mastodon)). Mastodon is only one component of the Fediverse, though. There's much, much more.

- Microblogging: Mastodon, Pleroma, Misskey
- Blogging: Write.as, Read.as
- Video hosting: Peertube
- Audio hosting: Funkwhale
- Image hosting: Pixelfed
- Link aggregator: Lemmy
- Event planning: mobilizon, gettogether.community

## History of the Fediverse

In 2008, Evan Prodromou created a microblogging service called identi.ca using the Ostatus protocol and status.net server software. A few years later, he changed his service to use a new protocol, called pump.io. He released the Ostatus protocol to the Free Software Foundation, where it got incorporated into GNU/social. In this form, the fediverse continued along for several years.

In March 2016, Eugen Rochco (Gargron) created Mastodon, which used GNU/social with an interface similar to a popular Twitter interface called Tweetdeck. This gained some popularity.

![The Fediverse includes Pixelfed, Mastodon, Misskey, Plume, Nextcloud, Castopod, Bookwyrm, and much more.](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2023-02/100000010000045A000004B08541865BBD9D13DE.webp)

(Robert Martinez, CC BY-SA)

In 2018, a new protocol called ActivityPub was accepted as a standardized protocol by the W3C. Most Fediverse platforms have adopted it. It was authored by Evan Prodromou, Christine Lemmer-Weber, and others, and it expanded upon the previous services to provide a better and more flexible protocol.

## What does the Fediverse look like?

The Fediverse, being made of any application using the ActivityPub protocol, is pretty diverse in appearance. As you might imagine, a microblogging platform has different requirements than a video sharing service.

It can be intimidating to wander into the great unknown, though. Here are some screenshots of my favorite federated services:

The Mastodon web client has a simplified view, as well as the advanced view, the simplified default view shows a single column of the Home feed, with options on the right to view more.

![The Mastodon web client features a central panel for activity on your curated network.](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2023-02/10000001000005AB000004DB07D4A02485D90B14.webp)

(Bob Murphy, CC BY-SA 4.0)

The Advanced Web Interface, shown below, has the home timeline, local timeline, federated timeline, as well as a user's profile. When users first start, the easier one-column view is the default.

![The advanced Mastodon interface has several columns.](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2023-02/10000001000008DE000004569A05D60180F4348D.webp)

(Bob Murphy, CC BY-SA 4.0)

Pixelfed has an interface focused around displaying images and videos:

![Pixelfed's interface features thumbnails of photographs.](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2023-02/10000001000004CA00000617FD573CC873BD98E0.webp)

(Bob Murphy, CC BY-SA 4.0)

Peertube is for sharing videos:

![Peertube's interface features thumbnails of videos you can watch.](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2023-02/10000001000007BE0000048AA0BCF8E824246BCD.webp)

(Bob Murphy, CC BY-SA 4.0)

Mobilizon is an event planning site, with plans for Fediverse integration:

![The Mobilizon interface helps you plan events.](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/2023-02/100000010000066100000466B5FCB59017E118D7.webp)

(Bob Murphy, CC BY-SA 4.0)


## Switch to open source social

Ready to start? Check out fediverse.info for a nice video explanation and a subject-based way to find (self-selected) other users.

Go to [fedi.tips](https://fedi.tips) for a comprehensive guide on how to get started, how to migrate your data, and more.

Mastodon has several great entry points:

[Joinmastodon.org](https://joinmastodon.org): The largest list of Mastodon servers[Joinfediverse.wiki](https://joinfediverse.wiki): Great information on different fediverse services and instances[Fedi.garden](https://fedi.garden): A well-curated list of instances

For help deciding which instance to join (assuming you don't want to spin up your own just yet), visit [fediverse.party/en/portal/servers](https://fediverse.party/en/portal/servers).

Are you a data nerd? Visit [the-federation.info](https://opensource.com/the-federation.info) for stats, monitoring service, and a data-driven look at the known Fediverse.

## Get federated

The Fediverse is a way to use the social media in an individualized way, either by choosing an instance with a community that suits your needs, or running your own server, and making it exactly the way you want. It avoids the advertising, algorithms, and other unpleasantries that plague many social networks.

If you are looking for a community that better suits your needs than the big silos, take a look, the Mastodon and the Fediverse may be a good fit for you. Get federated today.

You can find me at [@murph@hackers.town](https://hackers.town/@murph) on the Fediverse.

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