bauh：在一个界面中管理 Snap、Flatpak 和 AppImage
软件包
![](/data/attachment/album/201911/27/092926pzzdtytda80yaany.jpg)


[Snap](https://snapcraft.io/)、[Flatpak](https://flatpak.org/) 和 [AppImage](https://appimage.org/) 等通用软件包的最大问题之一就是管理它们。大多数内置的软件包管理器都不能全部支持这些新格式。


幸运的是，我偶然发现了一个支持这几种通用包格式的应用程序。


### bauh：多包装需求的管理器


[bauh](https://github.com/vinifmor/bauh)（LCTT：我给该软件建议一个中文名：“包豪”）最初名为 fpakman，旨在处理 Flatpak、Snap、[AppImage](https://itsfoss.com/use-appimage-linux/) 和 [AUR](https://itsfoss.com/best-aur-helpers/) 软件包。创建者 [vinifmor](https://github.com/vinifmor) 在 2019 年 6 月启动了该项目，[意图](https://forum.manjaro.org/t/bauh-formerly-known-as-fpakman-a-gui-for-flatpak-and-snap-management/96180)“为 Manjaro 用户提供管理 Flatpak 的图形界面”。此后，他扩展了该应用程序，以添加对基于 Debian 的系统的支持。


![Bauh About](/data/attachment/album/201911/27/093003z3kzkpz5hvre5uze.jpg)


首次打开 bauh 时，它将扫描已安装的应用程序并检查更新。如果有任何需要更新的内容，它们将列在前面并居中。更新所有软件包后，你将看到已安装的软件包列表。你可以取消选择不需要更新的软件包，以防止其被更新。你也可以选择安装该应用程序的早期版本。


![With Bauh you can manage various types of packages from one application](/data/attachment/album/201911/27/093005qbd4wi54djbuuf5k.jpg)


你也可以搜索应用程序。bauh 提供了有关已安装和已搜索软件包的详细信息。如果你对一种（或多种）软件包类型不感兴趣，则可以在设置中取消选择它们。


![Bauh Package Info](/data/attachment/album/201911/27/093007sz87nqm8dwnwt1qq.jpg)


![Bauh Updating](/data/attachment/album/201911/27/093008ui7xzzzfaa3yai33.jpg)


![Bauh Search](/data/attachment/album/201911/27/093011mgbebkr9ooyrbmbb.png)


### 在你的 Linux 发行版上安装 bauh


让我们看看如何安装 bauh。


#### 基于 Arch 的发行版


如果你安装的是最近的 [Manjaro](https://manjaro.org/)，则应该一切已经就绪。bauh 默认情况下已安装。如果你安装的是较早版本的 Manjaro（如我一样）或其他基于 Arch 的发行版，则可以在终端中输入以下内容从 [AUR](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/bauh) 中进行安装：



```
sudo pacman -S bauh
```

#### 基于 Debian/Ubuntu 的发行版


如果你拥有基于 Debian 或 Ubuntu 的 Linux 发行版，则可以使用 `pip` 安装 bauh。首先，请确保[在 Ubuntu 上安装了 pip](https://itsfoss.com/install-pip-ubuntu/)。



```
sudo apt install python3-pip
```

然后使用它来安装 bauh：



```
pip3 install bauh
```

但是，该软件的创建者建议[手动](https://github.com/vinifmor/bauh#manual-installation)安装它，以避免弄乱系统的库。


要手动安装 bauh，你必须先下载其[最新版本](https://github.com/vinifmor/bauh/releases)。下载后，可以[使用图形工具](https://itsfoss.com/unzip-linux/)或 [unzip 命令](https://linuxhandbook.com/unzip-command/)解压缩。接下来，在终端中打开该文件夹。你将需要使用以下步骤来完成安装。


首先，在名为 `env` 的文件夹中创建一个虚拟环境：



```
python3 -m venv env
```

现在在该环境中安装该应用程序的代码：



```
env/bin/pip install .
```

启动该应用程序：



```
env/bin/bauh
```

一旦完成了 bauh 的安装，就可以通过更改环境设置和参数来对其进行[微调](https://github.com/vinifmor/bauh#general-settings)。


### bauh 的未来之路


bauh 在短短的几个月中增长了很多。它有计划继续增长。当前的[路线图](https://github.com/vinifmor/bauh#roadmap)包括：


* 支持其他打包技术
* 每种打包技术一个单独模块
* 内存和性能改进
* 改善用户体验


### 结语


当我尝试 bauh 时，遇到了两个问题。当我第一次打开它时，它告诉我尚未安装 Snap，如果要使用 Snap 软件包，则必须安装它。我知道我已经安装了 Snap，因为我在终端中运行了 `snap list`，并且可以正常工作。我重新启动系统，Snap 才工作正常。


我遇到的另一个问题是我的一个 AUR 软件包无法更新。我可以用 `yay` 更新软件包，而没有任何问题。可能是我的 Manjaro 有问题，我已经使用了它 3 到 4 年。


总体而言，bauh 可以工作。它做到了宣称的功能。我不能要求更多。


你有没有用过 hauh？如果有的话，你最喜欢的用于管理不同打包格式的工具是什么？在下面的评论中让我们知道。




---


via: <https://itsfoss.com/bauh-package-manager/>


作者：[John Paul](https://itsfoss.com/author/john/) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
![Warp Terminal](/assets/images/warp-terminal.webp)


![Warp Terminal](/assets/images/warp-terminal.webp)

One of the biggest problems with universal packages like [Snap](https://snapcraft.io/?ref=itsfoss.com), [Flatpak](https://flatpak.org/?ref=itsfoss.com) and [AppImage](https://appimage.org/?ref=itsfoss.com) is managing them. Most built-in package managers do not support all of these new formats.

Thankfully, I stumbled across an application that supports several universal package formats.

## Bauh – a Manager for Your Multi-Package Needs

Originally named fpakman, [bauh](https://github.com/vinifmor/bauh?ref=itsfoss.com) is designed to handle Flatpak, Snap, [AppImage](https://itsfoss.com/use-appimage-linux/), and [AUR](https://itsfoss.com/best-aur-helpers/) packages. Creator [vinifmor](https://github.com/vinifmor?ref=itsfoss.com) started the project in June 2019 with the [intention](https://forum.manjaro.org/t/bauh-formerly-known-as-fpakman-a-gui-for-flatpak-and-snap-management/96180?ref=itsfoss.com) of “giving a graphical interface to manage Flatpaks for Manjaro users.” Since then, he has expanded the application to add support for Debian-based systems.

![About page of bauh, tool to manage Snaps, Flatpaks, AppImages, etc.](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2024/05/about-page-of-bauh.png)

When you first open bauh, it will scan your installed applications and check for updates. If there are any that need to be updated, they will be listed front and center. Once all the packages are updated, you will see a list of packages you have installed. You can deselect a package with updates to prevent it from being updated. You can also choose to install a previous version of the application.

![The bauh app listing installed applications on your system.](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2024/05/bauh-lisitng-different-type-of-applications.png)

`aptitude`

package installed. To do that, just run in the terminal: `sudo apt install aptitude`

.You can also search for applications. Bauh has detailed information for both installed and searched packages. If you are not interested in one (or more) of the packaging types, you can deselect them in the settings.

## Installing bauh on your Linux distribution

Let’s see how to install bauh.

### Arch-based distributions

If you have a recent installation of [Manjaro](https://manjaro.org/?ref=itsfoss.com), you should be all set. Bauh comes installed by default. If you have an older install of Manjaro (like I do) or a different Arch-based distro, you can install it from the [AUR](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/bauh?ref=itsfoss.com) by typing this in terminal:

```
yay -S bauh
```


**Recommended Read**

[What is Arch User Repository (AUR)? How to Use AUR on Arch and Manjaro Linux?What is AUR in Arch Linux? How do I use AUR? Is it safe to use? This article explains it all.](https://itsfoss.com/aur-arch-linux/)![](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2020/04/what-is-aur.png)


![](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2020/04/what-is-aur.png)

### Debian/Ubuntu-based distributions

If you have a Debian or Ubuntu-based Linux distribution, you can install bauh with pip. First, make sure to [install pip on Ubuntu](https://itsfoss.com/install-pip-ubuntu/). Also, install several required dependencies using the command:

```
sudo apt-get install python3 python3-pip python3-yaml python3-dateutil python3-pyqt5 python3-packaging python3-requests
```


There are also several optional dependencies, which you can [take a look at the official documentation](https://github.com/vinifmor/bauh?tab=readme-ov-file#optional-dependencies-they-should-be-installed-with-apt-getapt).

And then use pip to install bauh:

```
sudo pip3 install bauh
```


However, if you want to install it [manually](https://github.com/vinifmor/bauh?ref=itsfoss.com#manual-installation) in an isolated setup to avoid messing up your system’s libraries, you can do that as well.

### Isolated Installation

For isolated installation of bauh, you have to first download the [latest release](https://github.com/vinifmor/bauh/releases?ref=itsfoss.com). Once you download it, you can [unzip using a graphical tool](https://itsfoss.com/unzip-linux/) or the [unzip command](https://linuxhandbook.com/unzip-command/?ref=itsfoss.com). Next, open up the folder in your terminal. You will need to use the following steps to complete the installation.

First, create a virtualenv in a folder called *bauh_env*:

```
python3 -m venv bauh_env
```


Now install the application code inside the env:

```
bauh_env/bin/pip install bauh
```


And launch the application:

```
bauh_env/bin/bauh
```


Once you finish installing bauh, you can [fine-tune](https://github.com/vinifmor/bauh?ref=itsfoss.com#general-settings) it by changing the environment setting and arguments.

[method described in their official documentation](https://github.com/vinifmor/bauh?tab=readme-ov-file#desktop-entry--menu-shortcut).

### For other distributions

bauh project provides an AppImage packaging for their application. So, you can download the AppImage from their releases page on GitHub.

There are a couple of dependencies you need to properly run the AppImage.

`fuse`

: the package name may vary from distribution (libfuse2 in Ubuntu).`qt5dxcb-plugin`

(or equivalent): the package name may vary from distribution (qt5dxcb-plugin in Ubuntu).

**Recommended Read**

Here is how you can run and manage AppImages in Linux.

[How to Use AppImage in Linux [Complete Guide]What is AppImage? How to run it? How does it work? Here’s the complete guide about using AppImage in Linux.](https://itsfoss.com/use-appimage-linux/)![](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2017/07/use-appimage-linux.png)


![](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2017/07/use-appimage-linux.png)

[Open the AppImage file](https://itsfoss.com/cant-run-appimage-ubuntu/), and the click on the bottom-right settings menu.

![Click on the hamburger menu on the bottom-right and select "Install bauh" to install the AppImage](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2024/05/select-install-app-to-install-appimage.png)

From the dropdown menu, select **Install bauh** to create a desktop entry for the application.

## Managing applications with bauh

Once you have installed the application, you can use it for most of the usual package management purposes like installing packages, updating them, removing packages etc.

### Installing applications

To install an application, first search for it using the search button. Press enter to start a search.

![Search for an application by name in bauh search bar.](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2024/06/search-for-an-application-by-name.png)

You will get a list of packages, that match the name, from all the sources you have configured.

![Install the app as a particular package of your choice.](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2024/06/install-package-as-a-particular-package.png)

Click on the “Install” button corresponding to a particular packaging format of your choice.

If it is either a snap or native deb package, you will be asked to enter the password. Enter it when prompted.

### Install an AppImage File

If you have an AppImage file in hand, you can install it using bauh. First, open bauh and click on the hamburger menu on the bottom-right. From that, select “Install AppImage File”.

![Select install appimage file from bauh](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2024/06/select-install-appimage-file-to-start-install-an-appimage-1.png)

In the next window, select the AppImage file on your system by clicking on the field near “File”.

![Select the AppImage file you want to install and click on proceed](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2024/06/select-install-appimage-file.png)

From the file chooser, select the AppImage file. It will automatically fill the other fields. You can select a category from the dropdown list. Now click on “Proceed”.

The app will be installed, and you can open it from the system menu.

### Install a Web Application

Apps, like Facebook, ChatGPT, etc. are available to install on your system. Search for an app, and then install it as usual using the “Install” button.

On the next screen, it will show the installation details. You can set the permissions for the app here.

![Review the application information and permissions](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2024/06/App-informations-and-permissions.png)

Verify the permissions and options and click on Continue. This will ask you to install the required dependencies. Check those and click on Continue.

![Listing the required dependencies for the selected web application](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2024/06/node-and-several-other-deps-needed.png)

It will download and install the selections.

![ChatGPT, running on Linux, as a web application](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2024/06/chatgpt-running-in-linux.png)

### Removing applications

On the home page of bauh app, all the installed apps will be listed. You can uninstall an app by clicking on the “Uninstall” button.

![Click on Uninstall to uninstall an installed application](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2024/06/click-on-uninstall.png)

### Downgrade an application

Applications installed as Snap or Flatpak format can be downgraded to a previous release using bauh.

First, you need to click on the menu button corresponding to the app that you want to downgrade and select “History”.

![Select Application history to view the version history of that application](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2024/06/select-app-history.png)

This will show a history of commit for that application, along with the available versions listed neatly.

![Commit history of a particular application](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2024/06/commit-history-of-an-application.png)

Close this window, and from the same menu button, select “Downgrade”.

![Select Downgrade from the menu to downgrade an application](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2024/06/select-downgrade.png)

It will ask for a confirmation, and accept it. The app will be downgraded, and you will be prompted that there is an available update.

![After you downgrade an application, bauh will notify you of an update available](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2024/06/upgrade-available-after-a-downgrade.png)

You can pause the auto-update to this app along with the system update, by using the “Ignore Updates” button.

![Ignore updates for an application](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2024/06/ignore-updates.png)

You can revert this status anytime.

## Bonus: Access Settings and theme the App

In order to manage the bauh app settings, click on the settings gear on the bottom-right of the app.

![Click on bauh settings](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2024/06/click-on-bauh-settings.png)

It provides a comprehensive tweaking of both apps, update policies and per source settings.

![bauh app settings window with various settings as separate tabs.](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2024/06/bauh-settings.png)

Similarly, you can change the appearance of bauh using the preinstalled themes. Click on the themes button and select the required appearance style.

![Apply a theme for bauh app, from the list of preinstalled themes.](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2024/06/apply-a-theme.png)

## The road ahead for bauh

Bauh has grown quite a bit in a few short months. It plans to continue to grow. The current [road map](https://github.com/vinifmor/bauh?ref=itsfoss.com#roadmap) includes:

- Support for other packaging technologies
- Separate modules for each packaging technology
- Memory and performance improvements
- Improve user experience

## Final thoughts

Have you ever used bauh? What is your favorite tool to manage different package formats if there is one? Let us know in the comments below.

If you found this article interesting, please take a minute to share it on social media, Hacker News or [Reddit](http://reddit.com/r/linuxusersgroup?ref=itsfoss.com).