10 个最佳 Linux 虚拟化软件
虚拟机
![](/data/attachment/album/202306/16/100318znegvvjnmn7vflln.jpg)



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> 我们将介绍一些最佳的虚拟化程序，为用户创建/管理虚拟机提供便利。
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虚拟化软件由于其用途和好处而广泛使用，你可以使用它来体验、测试或运行需要特定操作系统版本的软件。


虚拟化提供了一个抽象的计算机硬件概念，帮助你创建虚拟机（VM）、网络、存储等。其好处包括隔离性、安全性和自由度高，可以尽情测试各种事物。


不同类型的虚拟化软件分别适用于桌面用户、服务器管理员和企业用户。


在列出各种虚拟化软件的同时，我还会提到适用对象。


### 1、VirtualBox


![VirtualBox 运行 Ubuntu](/data/attachment/album/202306/16/100351mz1vzd805m6ev834.png)


[VirtualBox](https://www.virtualbox.org:443/) 是一款备受赞誉的开源虚拟机程序，适用于 Linux、Windows 和 macOS。


它适用于各种类型的用户，无论你只是想在虚拟机上运行 Linux，还是想创建一个用于测试的虚拟机，或者是企业需要一个虚拟机解决方案。


对大多数用户来说，它可以被视为一个全能解决方案。虽然它主要适用于桌面使用，但你可以尝试其<ruby> 无头 <rt>  headless </rt></ruby>模式，通过查阅其 [文档](https://www.virtualbox.org:443/manual/ch07.html)，将虚拟机作为远程桌面服务器运行。


主要亮点：


* 支持广泛的客户操作系统
* 简单的用户界面和快速的性能
* 定期更新
* 功能丰富


### 2、OpenVZ


![OpenVZ](/data/attachment/album/202306/16/100351aa6byyg6gxml6f6x.jpg)


想在服务器上创建隔离的 Linux 容器吗？[OpenVZ](https://openvz.org:443/) 可以帮助你。


你可以创建行为类似于独立服务器的容器。这些容器具备帮助你高效管理的所有基本功能。


由于 OpenVZ 是作为 Linux 发行版构建和分发的，因此容器仅运行于 Linux 上。


对于初学者来说，OpenVZ 是学习使用容器的绝佳选择，因为它易于配置和管理。此外，与其他一些方案相比，基于 OpenVZ 的 VPS 托管价格实惠。


主要亮点：


* 资源利用效率高
* 使用和管理简单


### 3、KVM


<ruby> 基于内核的虚拟机 <rt>  Kernel-based Virtual Machine </rt></ruby>（[KVM](https://www.linux-kvm.org:443/page/Main_Page)）集成在 Linux 中，这是它最大的优势。你可以直接在 Linux 上使用 KVM 运行虚拟机。它是一种<ruby> 第一类 <rt>  type-1 </rt></ruby> <ruby> 虚拟化管理程序 <rt>  Hypervisor </rt></ruby>，也就是硬件级别的虚拟化。


KVM 可以将 Linux 主机转换为运行虚拟机的虚拟化管理程序，以实现与物理机相似的性能。


与 OpenVZ 不同，KVM 高度可定制，且已内置于 Linux 系统中，无需单独安装。考虑到 KVM 借助虚拟化管理程序实现硬件级别的虚拟化，它相对需要更多的内存和其他系统资源。


你可以使用 KVM 创建不同操作系统的虚拟机。要配置它，你可以参考 [Ubuntu 的官方博客文章](https://ubuntu.com:443/blog/kvm-hyphervisor) 关于 KVM 安装的内容。


主要亮点：


* 高度可定制且设置复杂
* 与 Linux 系统集成



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> ? <ruby> <a href="https://linuxhandbook.com:443/what-is-hypervisor/">  虚拟化管理程序 </a> <rt>  Hypervisor </rt></ruby> 是一种创建和运行虚拟机（VM）的软件。
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### 4、GNOME Boxes


![GNOME Boxes](/data/attachment/album/202306/16/100351gfj3vvwggd88f8ij.png)


GNOME Boxes 是最简单的虚拟化程序，适用于希望尽快下载和测试发行版的用户。


与其他一些解决方案相比，GNOME Boxes 可能不具备各种各样复杂的功能，但它包含了必需的功能。用户体验简单，新手也能轻松上手。


主要亮点：


* 现代化的用户界面
* 简单易用


### 5、VMware Workstation（非自由及开源软件）


![Linux 上的 VMware](/data/attachment/album/202306/16/100351vufudkbmluu7u7ku.jpg)


[VMware](https://www.vmware.com:443/products/workstation-player.html) 是一款非常受欢迎的 Linux、Windows 和 macOS 虚拟机程序。


尽管它是一个专有解决方案，但它是个人用户和企业用户使用的行业领先选项之一。VMware 还提供了与云计算相关的几种其他产品。


因此，如果你需要一个桌面虚拟化程序，VMware Workstation Player 可以是一个很好的选择。对于其他用户，还有许多其他用于服务器和云服务提供商的版本。


主要亮点：


* 个人和企业服务器版本
* 易于使用
* 高级版带有更多功能


### 6、Xen


[Xen](https://xenproject.org:443/) 是最古老的虚拟化软件之一，亚马逊和红帽使用它。尽管大多数人已经转向使用 KVM，但 Xen 仍然是云基础设施的一个选项。


是的，Xen 更适合用于服务器而不是桌面虚拟化。它支持 Linux、Windows 和 FreeBSD。


主要亮点：


* 面向服务器基础设施
* 支持半虚拟化（大多数其他软件不支持）


### 7、oVirt


![oVirt](/data/attachment/album/202306/16/100352m2kqj7qgqy1qj7d7.png)


[oVirt](https://www.ovirt.org:443/) 是一个优秀的开源解决方案，适用于寻找管理服务器架构的社区和企业。它是一个利用 KVM 的管理工具。


你可以使用丰富的基于 Web 的用户界面来管理其中的一切，包括主机、存储和网络配置。它还支持虚拟机的实时迁移，以提供便利。


然而 oVirt 不支持 Windows 平台，它专为与 RHEL 和 CentOS Linux 配合使用而设计。


主要亮点：


* 针对企业市场
* 使用 KVM 虚拟化管理程序
* 分布式虚拟化解决方案
* 不适合初学者使用


### 8、Proxmox


![Proxmox](/data/attachment/album/202306/16/100352tbffcbun5btx5b8v.png)


[Proxmox](https://itsfoss.comproxmox.com/) 是另一个针对企业市场的开源虚拟化平台。


你需要订阅才能获得软件更新和技术支持。根据你的需求，你可以选择其中一个订阅方案。除了虚拟环境平台，他们还提供备份和电子邮件安全解决方案，以供你在企业基础设施中使用。


主要亮点：


* 安装设置简单
* 文档齐全


### 9、QEMU


![QEMU](/data/attachment/album/202306/16/100353nhhqq0x8jazrj0dx.png)


[QEMU](https://www.qemu.org:443/) 是一个很棒的虚拟机程序（及模拟器），可在多个平台上运行。


它支持广泛的硬件架构和客户操作系统。你可以与 KVM 结合使用，以运行表现出色的虚拟机，因为 KVM 是硬件级别的虚拟化工具，而 QEMU 是软件级别的虚拟化程序。


从技术上讲，QEMU 是一种<ruby> 第二类 <rt>  type-2 </rt></ruby>虚拟化软件。


如果你想要一个以 QEMU 为核心，并且方便初学者创建虚拟机的工具，你可以尝试 [Quickgui](https://itsfoss.com/quickgui/)。


主要亮点：


* 支持广泛的操作系统
* 在不依赖硬件的情况下提供灵活性


### 10、Hyper-V


![Hyper-V](/data/attachment/album/202306/16/100353aee5i333ebkuxenj.jpg)


[Hyper-V](https://learn.microsoft.com:443/en-us/windows-server/virtualization/hyper-v/hyper-v-technology-overview) 是一种与微软 Windows 操作系统捆绑在一起的虚拟化管理程序。


尽管它不适用于 Linux，但它支持将 Linux 作为客户操作系统运行。你可以在 Windows 上使用 Hyper-V 运行 Kali Linux 和 Ubuntu 等发行版。


Hyper-V 在 Windows 桌面版和服务器版上有一些功能差异。因此，根据你的用例，你可能需要查阅其 [官方文档](https://learn.microsoft.com:443/en-us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/about/)。


主要亮点：


* 可用于 Windows 的第一类虚拟化软件
* 性能卓越
* 支持 Windows 和 Linux 操作系统
* 适用于桌面和服务器用户


### 这些工具让虚拟化变得简单


虚拟化是一种在十年前开始兴起的概念。现在几乎所有熟悉计算机的人都知道它。


用于实现虚拟化的程序易于使用，并提供了简化专业用户和家庭用户工作的功能。对于大多数用户来说，VirtualBox、GNOME Boxes 和 VMware 等解决方案应该是首选。


如果你是一个企业用户或技术爱好者，你可以根据你的需求寻找其他选项。


? 你在 Linux 上运行虚拟化软件时最喜欢使用哪个？你更喜欢使用虚拟机管理程序还是 Linux 或其他主机操作系统？在下方的评论中分享你的想法。


*（题图：MJ/c89ae6b4-c923-4219-b7cd-96ee7e37c84b）*




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via: <https://itsfoss.com/virtualization-software-linux/>


作者：[Ankush Das](https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/) 选题：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed/) 译者：ChatGPT 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
![Warp Terminal](/assets/images/warp-terminal.webp)


![Warp Terminal](/assets/images/warp-terminal.webp)

Virtualization software is prevalent because of its use cases and benefits. You get to experiment, test, or run software that requires a specific OS version.

Virtualization provides an abstract concept of computer hardware to help you create virtual machines (VMs), networks, storage, and more. The benefits include isolation, security, and the freedom to test things to your heart's extent.

Different types of virtualization software cater to desktop users, server administrators, and enterprises.

While I list all kinds of virtualization software, I mention who it is for.

## 1. VirtualBox

![virtualbox running ubuntu](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/virtualbox-7.png)

[VirtualBox](https://www.virtualbox.org) is a top-rated open-source virtual machine program for Linux, Windows, and macOS.

It is suitable for all kinds of users, whether you are just someone who wants to [run Linux on a virtual machine](https://itsfoss.com/why-linux-virtual-machine/), a professional who wants to create a VM for testing or an enterprise that needs a VM solution.

You can consider it as an all-in-one solution for most users. Even though it is primarily fit for desktop usage, you can try its headless mode to run a virtual machine as a remote desktop server by exploring its [documentation](https://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch07.html).

**Key Highlights:**

- It supports a wide range of guest operating systems
- Simple user interface and fast performance
- Regularly updated
- Feature-rich

## 2. OpenVZ

![openvz](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/openvz.jpg)

Want to create isolated Linux containers on servers? [OpenVZ](https://openvz.org) should help.

You can create containers that behave like a stand-alone server. The containers have all the essential functionalities to help you manage them efficiently.

The containers run on Linux only as OpenVZ is built and distributed as a Linux distribution.

OpenVZ is an excellent pick for new users learning to work with containers considering it is easy to configure and manage. Additionally, OpenVZ-powered VPS hosting is affordable compared to some others.

**Key Highlights:**

- Efficient resource usage
- Simple to use and manage

## 3. KVM

Kernel-based Virtual Machine ([KVM](https://www.linux-kvm.org/page/Main_Page)) is built into Linux, which is its biggest advantage. You can run VMs out of the box on Linux with KVM. It is a **type-1 hypervisor **i.e. hardware-based.

KVM converts the Linux host to a hypervisor to run virtual machines with bare metal like performance.

Unlike OpenVZ, KVM is highly customizable and baked into the Linux system without needing to install separately. Considering KVM provides hardware-level virtualization with the help of a hypervisor, it needs more memory and other system resources comparatively.

You can create guest/virtual machines of different operating systems with KVM. To set it up, you can explore [Ubuntu's official blog post](https://ubuntu.com/blog/kvm-hyphervisor) on KVM installation.

**Key Highlights:**

- Highly customizable and complex to setup
- Baked in with Linux

[Hypervisor](https://linuxhandbook.com/what-is-hypervisor/)is software that creates and runs virtual machines (VMs)

## 4. GNOME Boxes

![boxes](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/boxes.png)

**Key Highlights:**

- Modern UX
- Simple and easy to use

GNOME Boxes is the simplest virtualization program for users looking to download test distros as quickly as possible.

Compared to some other solutions, GNOME Boxes may not feature all kinds of features but the essentials. The user experience is simple, and it is easy to use for newbies.

## 5. VMware Workstation (Not FOSS)

![vmware on linux](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/VMware-installer-finished.jpg)

**Key Highlights**

- Personal and enterprise server offerings
- Easy to use
- Premium edition with more features

[VMware](https://www.vmware.com/products/workstation-player.html) is an incredibly popular virtual machine program for Linux, Windows, and macOS.

While it is a proprietary solution, it is one of the industry-leading options used by personal users and enterprises. There are several other offerings by VMware related to cloud computing.

So, if you want a desktop virtualization program, VMware Workstation Player can be a good pick for you. For others, there are plenty of other editions for server and cloud providers.

## 6. Xen

[Xen](https://xenproject.org) is one of the oldest virtualization software used by Amazon And Red Hat. While most have switched to using KVM over Xen, it is still an option for cloud infrastructure.

Yes, Xen is tailored for more server usage than desktop virtualization. It supports Linux, Windows, and FreeBSD.

**Key Highlights:**

- Tailored for server infrastructure
- Supports para-virtualization (which most others don't)

## 7. oVirt

![ovirt](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/ovirt.png)

[oVirt](https://www.ovirt.org) is an excellent open-source solution for communities and enterprises looking for a tool to manage server architecture. It is a management tool that utilizes KVM.

You get a rich web-based user interface to manage everything in it, hosts, storage, and network configuration. It also supports live migration of virtual machines for convenience.

Considering it does not support the Windows platform, it is tailored to work with Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and CentOS Linux.

**Key Highlights:**

- Enterprise-focused
- Uses KVM hypervisor
- Distributed virtualization solution
- Not suitable for beginners

## 8. Proxmox

![proxmox](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/proxmox.png)

[Proxmox](proxmox.com/) is yet another open-source virtualization platform tailored for enterprises.

You need to get a subscription to receive software updates and technical help. As per your requirements, you can opt for one of them. Not just limited to virtual environment platforms, they also offer backup and email security solutions if you plan to explore for your enterprise infrastructure.

**Key Highlights:**

- Easy to setup
- Well documented

## 9. QEMU

![qemu](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/qemu.png)

[QEMU](https://www.qemu.org) is a nice virtual machine program (and emulator) available across multiple platforms.

It supports a wide range of hardware architectures and guest operating systems. You can couple it with KVM to run VMs that perform well because KVM is a hardware-level virtualization tool, and QEMU is a software-level virtualization program.

Technically, QEMU is a **type-2 hypervisor**.

If you want a tool that utilizes QEMU at its core and makes it easy for beginners to create virtual machines, you can explore [Quickgui](https://itsfoss.com/quickgui/).

**Key Highlights:**

- Wide range of operating system support
- It provides flexibility without depending on your hardware

## Extra: Hyper-V (for Linux VMs on Windows)

![hyperv](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/06/hyper-v-windows.jpg)

[Hyper-V](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-server/virtualization/hyper-v/hyper-v-technology-overview) is a hypervisor that comes baked in with the Microsoft Windows operating system.

While it is not for Linux, it supports running Linux as a guest operating system. You can run distros like Kali Linux and Ubuntu with Hyper-V on Windows.

There are some feature differences with Hyper-V on Windows desktop edition and server. So, you might want to review its [official documentation](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/hyper-v-on-windows/about/) per your use case.

**Key Highlights:**

- Available for Windows as a type 1 hypervisor
- Fast performance
- Supports Windows and Linux operating systems
- Works for desktop and server users

## Virtualization is Easy Because of These Tools

Virtualization was a concept starting to get ahead a decade back. Now almost everyone familiar with computing knows it.

The programs available to facilitate are easy to use and offer features that uncomplicate things for professionals and home users. For the most part, solutions like VirtualBox, GNOME Boxes, and VMware should be the pick for new users.

If you are an enterprise or a techie, you can look for other options per your requirements.

*💬 What is your favorite virtualization software to run on Linux? Do you prefer using hypervisors instead of Linux or another host operating system? Share your thoughts in the comments below.*