9 个去中心化、端到端、开源的主流社交媒体平台替代品
社交媒体
你多半知道，Facebook 因可能从它的“端到端加密”的聊天服务 WhatsApp 那里共享用户数据而 [遭到抨击](https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2021/01/whatsapp-users-must-share-their-data-with-facebook-or-stop-using-the-app/)。


这些有争议的隐私政策变化使无数人转而使用 WhatsApp 替代品。


注重隐私的人们，早就料到了会有这事。毕竟，Facebook 可是花了 190 亿美元 [收购](https://money.cnn.com/2014/02/19/technology/social/facebook-whatsapp/index.html) 了 WhatsApp 这样的手机应用，而当时靠它还赚不到什么钱。现在，Facebook 该回本了 —— 回那之前投进去的 190 亿美元的本。他们可能打算把你的数据共享给广告商，这样的话，你看到的广告就会更加个性化（侵入性）了。


要是你受够了 Facebook、Google、Twitter 等科技公司的“我说了算”的态度，那你应该试试一些社交媒体平台的替代品。


这些社交平台的替代品都是开源的，它们都用了端到端或区块链技术来实现去中心化，而且你可能能够自己托管其中一些平台。


### 开源和去中心化的社交网络


![Image Credit: Datonel on DeviantArt](/data/attachment/album/202205/01/113642v07he7ks0jstc7h5.png)


先说句实话，这些替代平台的体验，可能会和你惯用平台的体验有所差异，但这些平台是不会侵犯你的隐私和言论自由的。这就是一种权衡。


#### 1、Minds


* 用于替代：Facebook 和 YouTube
* 特点：代码开源、区块链
* 自托管：否


在 Minds 上，你可以发视频、博客、图片，并设置当前状态。你也能向群聊，或者直接向好友，安全地发送消息或者进行视频聊天。通过热门内容和话题，你可以发现你感兴趣的文章。


还不止这些。你还能通过做贡献来赚取代币，这些代币可以用来升级你的频道。创作者可以从粉丝那里直接得到美元、比特币和以太坊的支付。



> 
> **[Minds](https://www.minds.com/)**
> 
> 
> 


#### 2、Aether


* 用于替代：Reddit
* 特点：开源、端到端
* 自托管：否


![](/data/attachment/album/202205/01/113643uc0s8yy04r83slaj.png)


Aether 是一个开源、端到端的平台，用于创建自我管理的社区，并可以审查管理记录以及选举版主。


Aether 上的内容，具有存在时间短的性质，并且内容只会留存六个月，除非有人把它保存下来。因为它是端到端的，所以中心服务器不复存在。


Aether 有趣的一点在于它的民主社区。社区可以选举版主，也能投票弹劾版主。



> 
> **[Aether](https://getaether.net)**
> 
> 
> 


#### 3、Mastodon


* 用于替代：Twitter
* 特点：开源、去中心化
* 自托管：是


![](/data/attachment/album/202205/01/113644eeprprc1uz2u9c9r.png)


在自由开源软件爱好者中，[Mastodon](https://joinmastodon.org/) 已经很有名了。我们之前报道过 [Twitter 的开源替代品 Mastodon](https://itsfoss.com/mastodon-open-source-alternative-twitter/)，并且 [你也可以在 Mastodon 上关注我们](https://mastodon.social/@itsfoss)。


Mastdon 并不像 Twitter 那样是一个单一网站，它是个由数千个社区组成的网络，这些社区都由不同的组织和个人运营，并且都提供无缝的社交媒体体验。这被称之为“Fediverse”。


你可以托管自己的 Mastodon 实例，并选择将其连接到其他 Mastodon 实例，或者直接加入一个已有的 Mastodon 实例，比如说 [Mastodon Social](https://mastodon.social)。



> 
> **[Mastodon](https://joinmastodon.org/)**
> 
> 
> 


#### 4、LBRY


* 用于替代：YouTube
* 特点：开源、去中心化、区块链
* 自托管：否


![](/data/attachment/album/202205/01/113645gmtq5vfc6q1q6aiz.jpg)


[LBRY](https://lbry.org) 的核心是一个基于区块链的去中心化协议。协议顶层，便是由其加密货币驱动的数字市场。


通过 LBRY，创作者可以提供多种数字化内容，例如影片、书籍和游戏。基本上，它是作为 YouTube 的替代而受到推崇的。你可以在 Odysee 上访问这个视频共享平台。


我们之前 [报道过 LBRY](https://itsfoss.com/lbry/)，你可以去读那篇文章了解详情。



> 
> **[LBRY](https://lbry.tv/$/invite/@itsfoss:0)**
> 
> 
> 


#### 5、Pixelfed


* 用于替代：Instagram
* 特点：去中心化、区块链
* 自托管：否


![](/data/attachment/album/202205/01/113645zboz6hzrv5bba5tk.jpg)


Pixelfed 和 Mastodon 使用了相同的底层开放协议，即 ActivityPub。


因此，你也可以通过 Pixelfed 与 Mastodon 的实例进行互动。我还没有试过，但从理论上讲，你应该可以做到这一点。你应该找到几个活跃的 Pixelfed 实例来注册。


如果你想控制你的数据和隐私，Pixelfed 是 Instagram 的一个简单替代品。你可以控制你的图片的隐私，在平台上没有任何广告。


你可以得到与照片分享平台基本相同的功能。然而，它没有驱动时间线的算法，遵循时间顺序，不收集你的任何数据，以获得个性化的体验。



> 
> **[Pixelfed](https://pixelfed.org/)**
> 
> 
> 


#### 6、Peertube


* 用于替代：YouTube
* 特点：去中心化、端到端
* 自托管：否


![](/data/attachment/album/202205/01/113646zzzl1r1biizrakhb.jpg)


PeerTube 由法国公司 Framasoft 开发，它是一个去中心化的视频平台。PeerTube 使用了 [BitTorrent 协议](https://www.slashroot.in/what-bittorrent-protocol-and-how-does-bittorrent-protocol-work) 以在用户之间共享宽带。


PeerTube 旨在抵制企业的垄断，它不依靠广告，并且也不会追踪你。不过要注意，你的 IP 地址在这里不是匿名的。


目前有许多 PeerTube 的实例，你可以在那里托管你的视频。有些实例需要付费，不过大多数都是免费的。



> 
> **[PeerTube](https://joinpeertube.org)**
> 
> 
> 


#### 7、Diaspora


* 用于替代：Facebook
* 特点：去中心化、开源
* 自托管：是


Diaspora 是最早的去中心化社交网络之一。最早可以追溯到 2010 年，当时 Diaspora 就作为 Facebook 的替代品而受到吹捧。最初几年，它确实得到了一些应得的关注，但它只在小众范围内得到了使用。


和 Mastodon 类似，Diaspora 由许多“<ruby> 豆荚 <rt>  pod </rt></ruby>” （节点服务器）组成。你可以在一个“豆荚”上注册，或者托管你自己的“豆荚”。科技公司无法拥有你的数据，只有你可以。



> 
> **[Diaspora](https://diasporafoundation.org)**
> 
> 
> 


#### 8、Dtube


* 用于替代：YouTube
* 特点：去中心化、区块链
* 自托管：否


![](/data/attachment/album/202205/01/113647w077f0ce03364d4c.jpg)


Dtube 是一个基于区块链的去中心化 YouTube 复制品。之所以说它是 YouTube 复制品，是因为它界面太像 YouTube 了。


Dtube 像其他基于区块链的社交媒体一样，是由 DTube 币（DTC）驱动的。每当有人观看创作者的视频或者与之互动，创作者就会获得 DTC。这些硬币可以用于推广内容，或者通过合作的加密货币交换方来提现。



> 
> **[DTube](https://d.tube)**
> 
> 
> 


#### 9、Signal


用于替代：WhatsApp、Facebook Messenger 特点：开源 自托管：否


![](/data/attachment/album/202205/01/113647kj3nhngawi7szpa4.jpg)


与端到端加密的 WhatsApp 聊天不同，Signal 不会跟踪你，不会共享你的数据，也不会侵犯你的隐私。


[Signal 一举成名](https://itsfoss.com/signal-messaging-app/)，是在它得到 Edward Snowden 的认可之时。而当 WhatsApp 开始与 Facebook 共享数据时，Elon Musk 又发了关于 Signal 的推文，这便让 Signal 更受瞩目了。


Signal 使用了自己的开源 Signal 协议，以提供端到端加密的消息和通话服务。



> 
> **[Signal](https://www.signal.org)**
> 
> 
> 


#### KARMA（已终止）


* 用于替代：Instagram
* 特点：去中心化、区块链
* 自托管：否


![](/data/attachment/album/202205/01/113648as7qthl7obfz2b0l.jpg)


这也是一个基于区块链的社交网络，由加密货币驱动。


KARMA 是 Instagram 的一个复制品，它构建于开源区块链平台 [EOSIO](https://eos.io) 之上。每当你的内容获得了点赞和分享，你就会得到 KARMA 代币。你可以用这些代币来推广你的内容，或者通过一个合作的加密货币交换方，来将其转换为现实货币。


KARMA 只能在手机上使用，可以在 Play Store 及 App Store 上获取。



> 
> **[KARMA](https://karmaapp.io)**
> 
> 
> 


#### 还有别的吗?


还有一些其他的服务，它们虽然不是开源或者去中心化的，但也尊重你的隐私与言论自由。


* [MeWe](https://mewe.com)：Facebook 替代品
* [Voice](https://www.voice.com)：NFT 为数字艺术家赋能
* [ProtonMail](https://itsfoss.com/recommends/protonmail/)：Gmail 替代品


还有一个基于 Matrix 协议的 [Element 聊天工具](https://itsfoss.com/element/)，你也可以试试。


我知道，应该还有几个别的社交媒体平台的替代品。也想分享一下？我可能会把他们加到列表中来。


要是你也得在这个列表中选一个平台，你想选哪个呢？




---


via: <https://itsfoss.com/mainstream-social-media-alternaives/>


作者：[Abhishek Prakash](https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[Peaksol](https://github.com/TravinDreek) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
![Warp Terminal](/assets/images/warp-terminal.webp)


![Warp Terminal](/assets/images/warp-terminal.webp)

You probably know that Facebook was under fire for potentially sharing user data from its ‘end-to-end encrypted’ chat service WhatsApp.

The controversial privacy policy change in 2021 made countless people switch to [ WhatsApp alternatives](https://itsfoss.com/private-whatsapp-alternatives/).

Privacy-cautious people had seen it coming a long time ago. After all, [Facebook paid $19 billion to buy a mobile app like WhatsApp](https://money.cnn.com/2014/02/19/technology/social/facebook-whatsapp/index.html?ref=itsfoss.com) that hardly made any money then. Now, it’s **time for Facebook to get a return on its $19 billion investment**. So, they probably plan to share your data with advertisers so that you get more personalized (or invasive) ads.

If you are fed up with the “**my way or the highway**” attitude of big tech like Facebook, Google, and Twitter (Now known as X), perhaps you may try some **alternative social media platforms.**

These alternative social platforms are** open source, use a decentralized approach with P2P or Blockchain technologies**, and you may be able to **self-host** some of them.

![1984 Quote](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/01/1984-quote.png)

[Datonel on DeviantArt](https://www.deviantart.com/datonel/art/1984-33159351?ref=itsfoss.com)


**And the list is in no particular order of ranking.**## 1. Minds

![a screenshot of the explore tab of minds](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/11/Minds.png)

*Alternative to*: **Facebook and Twitter (Now known as X)***Features:* **Open-Source codebase, Blockchain***Self-host*: **No**

You can post videos, blogs, images, and even set statuses on Minds. You can also securely message and video chat with groups or friends. Trending feeds and hashtags allow you to discover articles of your interest.

That’s not it. You also have the option to earn tokens for your contributions. These tokens can be used to upgrade your channel. Creators can receive direct payments from fans in USD, Bitcoin, and Ether.

## 2. Aether

![Aether Reddit Alternative](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/01/aether-reddit-alternative-800x600.png)

*Alternative to:* **Reddit***Features*: **Open Source, P2P***Self-host*: **No**

Aether is an open-source, P2P platform for self-governing communities with auditable moderation and mod elections.

The content on Aether is **ephemeral in nature**, and it is kept only for six months by default unless someone saves it. Since it is P2P, there are no centralized servers.

An exciting feature of Aether is its **democratic communities**. Communities elect mods and can impeach them by votes.

## 3. Mastodon

![a screenshot of the itsfoss profile on mastodon](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/11/Mastodon.png)

*Alternative to*: **Twitter***Features*: **Open Source, Decentralized, ActivityPub***Self-host*: **Yes**

Mastodon is already pretty popular among FOSS enthusiasts. You can also [follow us on Mastodon](https://mastodon.social/@itsfoss?ref=itsfoss.com) if you haven't already.

Mastodon isn’t a single website like Twitter, it’s** a network of thousands of communities** operated by different organizations and individuals that provide a seamless social media experience. Also known as the “[ Fediverse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fediverse)”.

You can host your Mastodon instance and connect it with other Mastodon instances or join one of the existing Mastodon instances.

**Suggested Read 📖**

[Twitter Quitter? 7 Best Mastodon Instances You Can JoinUnlike Twitter, there is no single Mastodon website. You have to join one of the ‘instances’ and here are the best ones you can rely on.](https://itsfoss.com/best-mastodon-instances/)![](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2022/11/x-mastodon-instances-to-join.png)


![](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2022/11/x-mastodon-instances-to-join.png)

## 4. Steemit

![steemit website](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/01/steemit.jpg)

*Alternative to*: **Twitter/Medium***Features*: **Open Source, Decentralized***Self-host*: **No**

A blockchain-powered microblogging platform. It is an open-source project that **rewards its users with tokens** if they contribute to the platform with posts and interactions.

You can explore its [FAQ section](https://steemit.com/faq.html) to know how it works and what else you can do with it.

## 5. Pixelfed

![pixelfed](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/01/pixelfed-2023.jpg)

*Alternative to*: **Instagram***Features*: **Decentralized, Open-Source, ActivityPub***Self-host*: **Yes**

Pixelfed utilizes the same underlying open protocol used by Mastodon, i.e., [ActivityPub](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActivityPub).

So, you can **interact with Mastodon instances** through Pixelfed as well. I haven’t tried it yet, but theoretically, you should be able to do that. You should find several active Pixelfed instances to sign up.

Pixelfed is **a simple alternative to Instagram if you want control over your data and privacy**. You get to control the privacy of your images without any advertisements on the platform.

You get the same basics of a photo-sharing platform. However, you do not have an algorithm powering the timeline; it follows a chronological order without collecting any of your data for a personalized experience.

**Suggested Read 📖**

[12 Simple Tools to Protect Your PrivacyQuick ways to enhance online privacy? Use these simple tools to take control of your data easily.](https://itsfoss.com/privacy-tools/)![](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2022/02/privacy-tools-ft.jpg)


![](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2022/02/privacy-tools-ft.jpg)

## 6. Peertube

![a screenshot showing peertube federation multiplicity](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/01/peertube-federation-multiplicity.jpg)

*Alternative to*: **YouTube***Features:* **Decentralized, P2P, ActivityPub***Self-host*: **Yes**

Developed by French company [Framasoft](https://framasoft.org), PeerTube is **a decentralized video streaming platform**. **PeerTube instances can use a federation of interconnected hosting providers** to share bandwidth among them.

PeerTube **aims to resist corporate monopoly**. It does not rely on ads and does not track you. Do keep in mind that your IP address is not anonymous here.

There are various [instances of PeerTube](https://instances.joinpeertube.org/instances) available where you can host your videos or host them yourself. Some instances may charge money, while many are free.

## 7. Lemmy

![a screenshot of the lemmy.world lemmy instance](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/11/Lemmy.jpg)

*Alternative to*: **Reddit***Features*: **Open Source, Decentralized***Self-host*: **Yes**

Lemmy is a neat alternative to Reddit that claims to be **a link aggregator and forum for the Fediverse**. It allows you to have a familiar Reddit-like experience and leverages modern tech such as [Rust](https://itsfoss.com/tag/rust-basics/), [Actix](https://actix.rs), [Diesel](https://diesel.rs) and more.

Its decentralized and self-hostable nature means that anyone can create a community platform from scratch, with the freedom to do anything with it.

Though, there are plenty of existing [Lemmy instances](https://join-lemmy.org/instances) that you could join too.

## 8. diaspora*

![a screenshot of the diaspora* website](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/11/diaspora-.png)

*Alternative to*: **Facebook***Features*: **Decentralized, Open Source***Self-host:* **Yes**

Diaspora was **one of the earliest decentralized social networks**. This was back in 2010, and Diaspora was touted as a Facebook alternative. It did get some deserving limelight in its initial years, but it got confined to only a handful of niche members.

Similar to Mastodon, Diaspora is composed of pods. You can register with a pod or host your pod. **Big Tech doesn’t own your data; you do**.

## 9. DTube

![a screenshot of dtube home page](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/01/dtube-800x516.jpg)

*Alternative to*: **YouTube***Features*: **Decentralized, Blockchain***Self-host*: **No**

DTube is** a blockchain-based decentralized YouTube clone**, similar to Steemit. I use the word YouTube clone because the interface is far too similar to YouTube.

Like most other blockchain-based social networks, DTube is governed by DTube Coins (DTC), which the creator earns when someone watches or interacts with their content. The coins can be used to promote the content or cashed out from partner crypto exchanges.

## 10. Signal

![a screenshot of the signal webpage banner](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/11/Signal.png)

*Alternative to*: **WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger***Features:* **Open Source***Self-host*: **No**

Unlike the metadata exposed with the end-to-end encrypted chats in WhatsApp, **Signal doesn’t track you**, share your data or invade your privacy.

Signal [rose to fame](https://itsfoss.com/signal-messaging-app/) when Edward Snowden endorsed it. It got even more known when [Elon Musk](https://www.britannica.com/biography/Elon-Musk?ref=itsfoss.com) tweeted about it after WhatsApp’s controversial privacy policy change about sharing user data with Facebook.

Signal uses its open-source [Signal protocol ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal_Protocol)to give you end-to-end encrypted messages and calls.

## 11. Element

![a screenshot of the element desktop and mobile apps](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/11/Element.png)

*Alternative to*: **WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger***Features:* **Open Source***Self-host*: Yes

Led by the creators of [Matrix](https://matrix.org), Element is **a very popular choice among privacy enthusiasts** that is just getting better day by day.

It supports **End-to-end encryption by default** to keep your conversations out of prying eyes, and has support for Federation with multiple networks.

But, it is just one of the many [Matrix clients for decentralized messaging](https://itsfoss.com/best-matrix-clients/). So, go ahead and start exploring!

**Suggested Read 📖**

[9 Best Matrix Clients for Decentralized MessagingMatrix is an open network standard tailored for secure decentralized real-time communication. It is published and maintained by a non-profit, Matrix.org Foundation. They aim to create an open, independent, and evolving communication platform. If an application supports the Matrix protocol,…](https://itsfoss.com/best-matrix-clients/)![](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2022/06/best-matrix-clients.jpg)


![](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2022/06/best-matrix-clients.jpg)

## What else?

Here are some other platforms that are not completely open source or decentralized, but they respect your privacy and free speech:

[MeWe](https://mewe.com/?ref=itsfoss.com)— Alternative to Facebook[ProtonMail](https://proton.me/mail)— Alternative to Gmail[Peepeth](https://peepeth.com/?ref=itsfoss.com)— Social network powered by Blockchain[DeSo](https://www.deso.com/?ref=itsfoss.com)— Web3 Social Platform[XMPP](https://xmpp.org)— Alternative to Whatsapp

I know there are probably a dozen other alternative social media platforms. Feel free to share your favorites below.

*💬 If you had to choose one of the platforms from the list, which would you choose?*