与 Linux 一同驾车奔向未来
车载 AGL GENIVI IVI
![](/data/attachment/album/201606/30/120952lxv5crrovxc6uu5j.png)


当我驾车的时候并没有这么想过，但是我肯定喜欢一个配有这样系统的车子，它可以让我按下几个按钮就能与我的妻子、母亲以及孩子们语音通话。这样的系统也可以让我选择是否从云端、卫星广播、以及更传统的 AM/FM 收音机收听音乐流媒体。我也会得到最新的天气情况，以及它可以引导我的车载 GPS 找到抵达下一个目的地的最快路线。<ruby> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_car_entertainment">  车载娱乐系统 </a> <rp>  （ </rp> <rt>  In-vehicle infotainment </rt> <rp>  ） </rp></ruby>，业界常称作 IVI，它已经普及出现在最新的汽车上了。


前段时间，我乘坐飞机跨越了数百英里，然后租了一辆汽车。令人愉快的是，我发现我租赁的汽车上配置了类似我自己车上同样的 IVI 技术。毫不犹豫地，我就通过蓝牙连接把我的联系人上传到了系统当中，然后打电话回家给我的家人，让他们知道我已经安全抵达了，然后我的主机会让他们知道我正在去往他们家的路上。


在最近的[新闻综述](https://opensource.com/life/16/1/weekly-news-jan-9)中，Scott Nesbitt 引述了一篇文章，说福特汽车公司因其开源的<ruby> <a href="http://projects.genivi.org/smartdevicelink/home">  智能设备连接 </a> <rp>  （ </rp> <rt>  Smart Device Link </rt> <rp>  ） </rp></ruby>（SDL）从竞争对手汽车制造商中得到了足够多的回报，这个中间件框架可以用于支持移动电话。 SDL 是 [GENIVI 联盟](http://www.genivi.org/)的一个项目，这个联盟是一个非营利性组织，致力于建设支持开源车载娱乐系统的中间件。据 GENIVI 的执行董事 [Steven Crumb](https://www.linkedin.com/in/stevecrumb) 称，他们的[成员](http://www.genivi.org/genivi-members)有很多，包括戴姆勒集团、现代、沃尔沃、日产、本田等等 170 个企业。


为了在同行业间保持竞争力，汽车生产企业需要一个中间设备系统，以支持现代消费者所使用的各种人机界面技术。无论您使用的是 Android、iOS 还是其他设备，汽车 OEM 厂商都希望自己的产品能够支持这些。此外，这些的 IVI 系统必须有足够适应能力以支持日益变化的移动技术。OEM 厂商希望提供有价值的服务，并可以在他们的 IVI 之上增加服务，以满足他们客户的各种需求。


### 步入 Linux 和开源软件


除了 GENIVI 在努力之外，[Linux 基金会](http://www.linuxfoundation.org/)也赞助支持了<ruby> <a href="https://www.automotivelinux.org/">  车载 Linux </a> <rp>  （ </rp> <rt>  Automotive Grade Linux </rt> <rp>  ） </rp></ruby>（AGL）工作组，这是一个致力于为汽车应用寻求开源解决方案的软件基金会。虽然 AGL 初期将侧重于 IVI 系统，但是未来他们希望发展到不同的方向，包括<ruby> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telematics">  远程信息处理 </a> <rp>  （ </rp> <rt>  telematics </rt> <rp>  ） </rp></ruby>、抬头显示器（HUD）及其他控制系统等等。 现在 AGL 已经有超过 50 名成员，包括捷豹、丰田、日产，并在其[最近发布的一篇公告](https://www.automotivelinux.org/news/announcement/2016/01/ford-mazda-mitsubishi-motors-and-subaru-join-linux-foundation-and)中宣称福特、马自达、三菱、和斯巴鲁也加入了。


为了了解更多信息，我们采访了这一新兴领域的两位领导人。具体来说，我们想知道 Linux 和开源软件是如何被使用的，并且它们是如何事实上改变了汽车行业的面貌。首先，我们将与 [Alison Chaiken](https://www.linkedin.com/in/alison-chaiken-3ba456b3) 谈谈，她是一位任职于 Peloton Technology 的软件工程师，也是一位在车载 Linux 、网络安全和信息透明化方面的专家。她曾任职于 [Alison Chaiken](https://www.linkedin.com/in/alison-chaiken-3ba456b3) 公司、诺基亚和斯坦福直线性加速器。然后我们和 [Steven Crumb](https://www.linkedin.com/in/stevecrumb) 进行了交谈，他是 GENIVI 执行董事，他之前从事于高性能计算环境（超级计算机和早期的云计算）的开源工作。他说，虽然他再不是一个程序员了，但是他乐于帮助企业解决在使用开源软件时的实际业务问题。


### 采访 Alison Chaiken (by [Deb Nicholson](https://opensource.com/users/eximious))


#### 你是如何开始对汽车软件领域感兴趣的？


我曾在诺基亚从事于手机上的 [MeeGo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeeGo) 产品，2009 年该项目被取消了。我想，我下一步怎么办？其时，我的一位同事正在从事于 [MeeGo-IVI](http://webinos.org/deliverable-d026-target-platform-requirements-and-ipr/automotive/)，这是一个早期的车载 Linux 发行版。 “Linux 在汽车方面将有很大发展，” 我想，所以我就朝着这个方向努力。


#### 你能告诉我们你在这些日子里工作在哪些方面吗？


我目前正在启动一个高级巡航控制系统的项目，它用在大型卡车上，使用实时 Linux 以提升安全性和燃油经济性。我喜欢在这方面的工作，因为没有人会反对提升货运的能力。


#### 近几年有几则汽车被黑的消息。开源代码方案可以帮助解决这个问题吗？


我恰好针对这一话题准备了一次讲演，我会在南加州 Linux 2016 博览会上就 Linux 能否解决汽车上的安全问题做个讲演 （[讲演稿在此](http://she-devel.com/Chaiken_automotive_cybersecurity.pdf)）。值得注意的是，GENIVI 和车载 Linux 项目已经公开了他们的代码，这两个项目可以通过 Git 提交补丁。（如果你有补丁的话），请给上游发送您的补丁！许多眼睛都盯着，bug 将无从遁形。


#### 执法机构和保险公司可以找到很多汽车上的数据的用途。他们获取这些信息很容易吗？


好问题。IEEE-1609 <ruby> 专用短程通信标准 <rp>  （ </rp> <rt>  Dedicated Short Range Communication Standard </rt> <rp>  ） </rp></ruby>就是为了让汽车的 WiFi 消息可以安全、匿名地传递。不过，如果你从你的车上发推，那可能就有人能够跟踪到你。


#### 开发人员和公民个人可以做些什么，以在汽车技术进步的同时确保公民自由得到保护？


<ruby> 电子前沿基金会 <rp>  （ </rp> <rt>  Electronic Frontier Foundation </rt> <rp>  ） </rp></ruby>（EFF）在关注汽车问题方面做了出色的工作，包括对哪些数据可以存储在汽车 “黑盒子”里通过官方渠道发表了看法，以及 DMCA 规定 1201 如何应用于汽车上。


#### 在未来几年，你觉得在汽车方面会发生哪些令人激动的发展？


可以拯救生命的自适应巡航控制系统和防撞系统将取得长足发展。当它们大量进入汽车里面时，我相信这会使得（因车祸而导致的）死亡人数下降。如果这都不令人激动，我不知道还有什么会更令人激动。此外，像自动化停车辅助功能，将会使汽车更容易驾驶，减少汽车磕碰事故。


#### 我们需要做什么？人们怎样才能参与？


车载 Linux 开发是以开源的方式开发，它运行在每个人都能买得起的廉价硬件上（如树莓派 2 和中等价位的 Renesas Porter 主板）。 GENIVI 汽车 Linux 中间件联盟通过 Git 开源了很多软件。此外，还有很酷的 [OSVehicle 开源硬件](https://www.osvehicle.com/)汽车平台。


只需要不太多的预算，人们就可以参与到 Linux 软件和开放硬件中。如果您感兴趣，请加入我们在 Freenode 上的IRC #automotive 吧。


### 采访 Steven Crumb (by Don Watkins)


#### GENIVI 在 IVI 方面做了哪些巨大贡献？


GENIVI 率先通过使用自由开源软件填补了汽车行业的巨大空白，这包括 Linux、非安全关键性汽车软件（如车载娱乐系统（IVI））等。作为消费者，他们很期望在车辆上有和智能手机一样的功能，对这种支持 IVI 功能的软件的需求量成倍地增长。不过不断提升的软件数量也增加了建设 IVI 系统的成本，从而延缓了其上市时间。


GENIVI 使用开源软件和社区开发的模式为汽车制造商及其软件提供商节省了大量资金，从而显著地缩短了产品面市时间。我为 GENIVI 而感到激动，我们有幸引导了一场革命，在缓慢进步的汽车行业中，从高度结构化和专有的解决方案转换为以社区为基础的开发方式。我们还没有完全达成目标，但是我们很荣幸在这个可以带来实实在在好处的转型中成为其中的一份子。


#### 你们的主要成员怎样推动了 GENIVI 的发展方向？


GENIVI 有很多成员和非成员致力于我们的工作。在许多开源项目中，任何公司都可以通过通过技术输出而发挥影响，包括简单地贡献代码、补丁、花点时间测试。前面说过，宝马、奔驰、现代汽车、捷豹路虎、标致雪铁龙、雷诺/日产和沃尔沃都是 GENIVI 积极的参与者和贡献者，其他的许多 OEM 厂商也在他们的汽车中采用了 IVI 解决方案，广泛地使用了 GENIVI 的软件。


#### 这些贡献的代码使用了什么许可证？


GENIVI 采用了一些许可证，包括从（L）GPLv2 到 MPLv2 和 Apache2.0。我们的一些工具使用的是 Eclipse 许可证。我们有一个[公开许可策略](http://projects.genivi.org/how)，详细地说明了我们的许可证偏好。


#### 个人或团体如何参与其中？社区的参与对于这个项目迈向成功有多重要？


GENIVI 的开发完全是开放的（[projects.genivi.org](http://projects.genivi.org/)），因此，欢迎任何有兴趣在汽车中使用开源软件的人参加。也就是说，公司可以通过成员的方式[加入该联盟](http://genivi.org/join)，联盟以开放的方式资助其不断进行开发。GENIVI 的成员可以享受各种各样的便利，在过去六年中，已经有多达 140 家公司参与到这个全球性的社区当中。


社区对于 GENIVI 是非常重要的，没有一个活跃的贡献者社区，我们不可能在这些年开发和维护了这么多有价值的软件。我们努力让参与到 GENIVI 更加简单，现在只要加入一个[邮件列表](http://lists.genivi.org/mailman/listinfo/genivi-projects)就可以接触到各种软件项目中的人们。我们使用了许多开源项目采用的标准做法，并提供了高品质的工具和基础设施，以帮助开发人员宾至如归而富有成效。


无论你是否熟悉汽车软件，都欢迎你加入我们的社区。人们已经对汽车改装了许多年，所以对于许多人来说，在汽车上修修改改是自热而然的做法。对于汽车来说，软件是一个新的领域，GENIVI 希望能为对汽车和开源软件有兴趣的人打开这扇门。




---


via: <https://opensource.com/business/16/5/interview-alison-chaiken-steven-crumb>


作者：[Don Watkins](https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins) 译者：[erlinux](https://github.com/erlinux) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
I don't think much about it while I'm driving, but I sure do love that my car is equipped with a system that lets me use a few buttons and my voice to call my wife, mom, and children. That same system allows me to choose whether I listen to music streaming from the cloud, satellite radio, or the more traditional AM/FM radio. I also get weather updates and can direct my in-vehicle GPS to find the fastest route to my next destination. [In-vehicle infotainment](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_car_entertainment), or IVI as it's known in the industry, has become ubiquitous in today's newest automobiles.

A while ago, I had to travel hundreds of miles by plane and then rent a car. Happily, I discovered that my rental vehicle was equipped with IVI technology similar to my own car. In no time, I was connected via Bluetooth, had uploaded my contacts into the system, and was calling home to let my family know I arrived safely and my hosts to let them know I was en route to their home.

In a recent [news roundup](https://opensource.com/life/16/1/weekly-news-jan-9), Scott Nesbitt cited an article that said Ford Motor Company is getting substantial backing from a rival automaker for its open source [Smart Device Link](http://projects.genivi.org/smartdevicelink/home) (SDL) middleware framework, which supports mobile phones. SDL is a project of the [GENIVI Alliance](http://www.genivi.org/), a nonprofit committed to building middleware to support open source in-vehicle infotainment systems. According to [Steven Crumb](https://www.linkedin.com/in/stevecrumb), executive director of GENIVI, their [membership](http://www.genivi.org/genivi-members) is broad and includes Daimler Group, Hyundai, Volvo, Nissan, Honda, and 170 others.

In order to remain competitive in the industry, automotive companies need a middleware system that can support the various human machine interface technologies available to consumers today. Whether you own an Android, iOS, or other device, automotive OEMs want their units to be able to support these systems. Furthermore, these IVI systems must be adaptable enough to support the ever decreasing half-life of mobile technology. OEMs want to provide value and add services in their IVI stacks that will support a variety of options for their customers. Enter Linux and open source software.

In addition to GENIVI's efforts, the [Linux Foundation](http://www.linuxfoundation.org/) sponsors the [Automotive Grade Linux](https://www.automotivelinux.org/) (AGL) workgroup, a software foundation dedicated to finding open source solutions for automotive applications. Although AGL will initially focus on IVI systems, they envision branching out to include [telematics](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telematics), heads up displays, and other control systems. AGL has over 50 members at this time, including Jaguar, Toyota, and Nissan, and in a [recent press release](https://www.automotivelinux.org/news/announcement/2016/01/ford-mazda-mitsubishi-motors-and-subaru-join-linux-foundation-and) announced that Ford, Mazda, Mitsubishi, and Subaru have joined.

To find out more, we interviewed two leaders in this emerging field. Specifically, we wanted to know how Linux and open source software are being used and if they are in fact changing the face of the automotive industry. First, we talk to [Alison Chaiken](https://www.linkedin.com/in/alison-chaiken-3ba456b3), a software engineer at Peloton Technology and an expert on automotive Linux, cybersecurity, and transparency. She previously worked for Mentor Graphics, Nokia, and the Stanford Linear Accelerator. Then, we chat with [Steven Crumb](https://www.linkedin.com/in/stevecrumb), executive director of GENIVI, who got started in open source in high-performance computing environments (supercomputers and early cloud computing). He says that though he's not a coder anymore, he loves to help organizations solve real business problems with open source software.

## Interview with Alison Chaiken (by [Deb Nicholson](https://opensource.com/users/eximious))

### How did you get interested in the automotive software space?

I was working on [MeeGo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeeGo) in phones at Nokia in 2009 when the project was cancelled. I thought, what's next? A colleague was working on [MeeGo-IVI](http://webinos.org/deliverable-d026-target-platform-requirements-and-ipr/automotive/), an early automotive Linux distribution. "Linux is going to be big in cars," I thought, so I headed in that direction.

### Can you tell us what aspects you're working on these days?

I'm currently working for a startup on an advanced cruise control system that uses real-time Linux to increase the safety and fuel economy of big-rig trucks. I love working in this area, as no one would disagree that trucking can be improved.

### There have been a few stories about hacked cars in recent years. Can open source solutions help address this issue?

I presented a talk on precisely this topic, on how Linux can (and cannot) contribute to security solutions in automotive at Southern California Linux Expo 2016 ([Slides](http://she-devel.com/Chaiken_automotive_cybersecurity.pdf)). Notably, GENIVI and Automotive Grade Linux have published their code and both projects take patches via Git. Please send your fixes upstream! Many eyes make all bugs shallow.

### Law enforcement agencies and insurance companies could find plenty of uses for data about drivers. How easy will it be for them to obtain this information?

Good question. The Dedicated Short Range Communication Standard (IEEE-1609) takes great pains to keep drivers participating in Wi-Fi safety messaging anonymous. Still, if you're posting to Twitter from your car, someone will be able to track you.

### What can developers and private citizens do to make sure civil liberties are protected as automotive technology evolves?

The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) has done an excellent job of keeping on top of automotive issues, having commented through official channels on what data may be stored in automotive "black boxes" and on how DMCA's Provision 1201 applies to cars.

### What are some of the exciting things you see coming for drivers in the next few years?

Adaptive cruise control and collision avoidance systems are enough of an advance to save lives. As they roll out through vehicle fleets, I truly believe that fatalities will decline. If that's not exciting, I don't know what is. Furthermore, capabilities like automated parking assist will make cars easier to drive and reduce fender-benders.

### What needs to be built and how can people get involved?

Automotive Grade Linux is developed in the open and runs on cheap hardware (e.g. Raspberry Pi 2 and moderately priced Renesas Porter board) that anyone can buy. GENIVI automotive Linux middleware consortium has lots of software publicly available via Git. Furthermore, there is the ultra cool [OSVehicle open hardware](https://www.osvehicle.com/) automotive platform.

There are many ways for Linux software and open hardware folks with moderate budgets to get involved. Join us at #automotive on Freenode IRC if you have questions.

## Interview with Steven Crumb (by Don Watkins)

### What's so huge about GENIVI's approach to IVI?

GENIVI filled a huge gap in the automotive industry by pioneering the use of free and open source software, including Linux, for non-safety-critical automotive software like in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) systems. As consumers came to expect the same functionality in their vehicles as on their smartphones, the amount of software required to support IVI functions grew exponentially. The increased amount of software has also increased the costs of building the IVI systems and thus slowed time to market.

GENIVI's use of open source software and a community development model has saved automakers and their software suppliers significant amounts of money while significantly reducing the time to market. I'm excited about GENIVI because we've been fortunate to lead a revolution of sorts in the automotive industry by slowly evolving organizations from a highly structured and proprietary methodology to a community-based approach. We're not done yet, but it's been a privilege to take part in a transformation that is yielding real benefits.

### How do your major members drive the direction of GENIVI?

GENIVI has a lot of members *and* non-members contributing to our work. As with many open source projects, any company can influence the technical output by simply contributing code, patches, and time to test. With that said, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Hyundai Motor, Jaguar Land Rover, PSA, Renault/Nissan, and Volvo are all active adopters of and contributors to GENIVI—and many other OEMs have IVI solutions in their cars that extensively use GENIVI's software.

### What licenses cover the contributed code?

GENIVI employs a number of licenses ranging from (L)GPLv2 to MPLv2 to Apache 2.0. Some of our tools use the Eclipse license. We have a [public licensing policy](http://projects.genivi.org/how) that details our licensing preferences.

### How does a person or group get involved? How important are community contributions to the ongoing success of the project?

GENIVI does its development completely in the open ([projects.genivi.org](http://projects.genivi.org)) and thus, anyone interested in using open software in automotive is welcome to participate. That said, the alliance can fund its continued development in the open through companies [joining GENIVI](http://genivi.org/join) as members. GENIVI members enjoy a wide variety of benefits, not the least of which is participation in the global community of 140 companies that has been developed over the last six years.

Community is hugely important to GENIVI, and we could not have produced and maintained the valuable software we developed over the years without an active community of contributors. We've worked hard to make contributing to GENIVI as simple as joining an [email list](http://lists.genivi.org/mailman/listinfo/genivi-projects) and connecting to the people in the various software projects. We use standard practices employed by many open source projects and provide high-quality tools and infrastructure to help developers feel at home and be productive.

Regardless of someone's familiarity with the automotive software, they are welcome to join our community. People have modified cars for years, so for many people there is a natural draw to anything automotive. Software is the new domain for cars, and GENIVI wants to be the open door for anyone interested in working with automotive, open source software.

## Comments are closed.