Fedora 31 将放弃 32 位 i686 支持
Fedora 32位
![](/data/attachment/album/201910/05/111602sofdze38czrnf58z.jpg)


Fedora 31 中[丢弃了](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/Stop_Building_i686_Kernels) 32 位 i686 内核及其可启动镜像。虽然可能有一些用户仍然拥有无法与 64 位 x86\_64 内核一起使用的硬件，但数量很少。本文为你提供了这次更改背后的整个事情，以及在 Fedora 31 中仍然可以找到的 32 位元素。


### 发生了什么？


i686 架构实质上从 [Fedora 27 版本](https://fedoramagazine.org/announcing-fedora-27/)就进入了社区支持阶段（LCTT 译注：不再由官方支持）。不幸的是，社区中没有足够的成员愿意做维护该体系结构的工作。不过请放心，Fedora 不会删除所有 32 位软件包，仍在构建许多 i686 软件包，以确保诸如 multilib、wine 和 Steam 之类的东西可以继续工作。


尽管该存储库不再构建和镜像输出，但存在一个 koji i686 存储库，该库可与 mock 一起使用以构建 32 位程序包，并且可以在紧要关头安装不属于 x86\_64 multilib 存储库的 32 位版本。当然，维护人员希望这样做解决有限的使用场景。只是需要运行一个 32 位应用程序的用户应该可以在 64 位系统上使用 multilib 来运行。


### 如果你要运行 32 位应用需要做什么？


如果你仍在运行 32 位 i686 系统，则会在 Fedora 30 生命周期中继续收到受支持的 Fedora 更新。直到大约 2020 年 5 月或 6 月。到那时，如果硬件支持，你可以将其重新安装为 64 位 x86\_64，或者如果可能的话，将其替换为支持 64 位的硬件。


社区中有一个用户已经成功地从 32 位 Fedora “升级” 到了 64 位 x86 Fedora。虽然这不是预期或受支持的升级路径，但应该也可行。该项目希望可以为具有 64 位功能的硬件的用户提供一些文档，以在 Fedora 30 使用寿命终止之前说明该升级过程。


如果有 64 位的 CPU，但由于内存不足而运行 32 位 Fedora，请尝试[备用桌面流派](https://spins.fedoraproject.org)之一。LXDE 和其他产品在内存受限的环境中往往表现良好。对于仅在旧的可以扔掉的 32 位硬件上运行简单服务器的用户，请考虑使用较新的 ARM 板之一。在许多情况下，仅节能一项就可以支付新硬件的费用。如果以上皆不可行，[CentOS 7](https://centos.org) 提供了一个 32 位镜像，并对该平台提供长期支持。


### 安全与你


尽管有些用户可能会在生命周期结束后继续运行旧版本的 Fedora，但强烈建议不要这样做。人们不断研究软件的安全问题。通常，他们发现这些问题已经存在多年了。


一旦 Fedora 维护人员知道了此类问题，他们通常会为它们打补丁，并为支持的发行版提供更新，而不会给使用寿命已终止的发行版提供。当然，一旦这些漏洞公开，就会有人尝试利用它们。如果你在生命周期结束时运行了较旧的发行版，则安全风险会随着时间的推移而增加，从而使你的系统面临不断增长的风险。




---


via: <https://fedoramagazine.org/in-fedora-31-32-bit-i686-is-86ed/>


作者：[Justin Forbes](https://fedoramagazine.org/author/jforbes/) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
The release of Fedora 31 [drops](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/Stop_Building_i686_Kernels) the 32-bit i686 kernel, and as a result bootable images. While there may be users out there who still have hardware which will not work with the 64-bit x86_64 kernel, there are very few. However, this article gives you the whole story behind the change, and what 32-bit material you’ll still find in Fedora 31.

## What is happening?

The i686 architecture essentially entered community support with the [Fedora 27 release](https://fedoramagazine.org/announcing-fedora-27/). Unfortunately, there are not enough members of the community willing to do the work to maintain the architecture. Don’t worry, though — Fedora is not dropping all 32-bit packages. Many i686 packages are still being built to ensure things like multilib, wine, and Steam will continue to work.

While the repositories are no longer being composed and mirrored out, there is a koji i686 repository which works with *mock* for building 32-bit packages, and in a pinch to install 32-bit versions which are not part of the x86_64 multilib repository. Of course, maintainers expect this will see limited use. Users who simply need to run a 32-bit application should be able to do so with multilib on a 64-bit system.

## What to do if you’re running 32-bit

If you still run 32-bit i686 installations, you’ll continue to receive supported Fedora updates through the Fedora 30 lifecycle. This is until roughly May or June of 2020. At that point, you can either reinstall as 64-bit x86_64 if your hardware supports it, or replace your hardware with 64-bit capable hardware if possible.

There is a user in the community who has done a successful “upgrade” from 32-bit Fedora to 64-bit x86 Fedora. While this is not an intended or supported upgrade path, it should work. The Project hopes to have some documentation for users who have 64-bit capable hardware to explain the process before the Fedora 30 end of life.

If you have a 64-bit capable CPU running 32-bit Fedora due to low memory, try one of the [alternate desktop spins](https://spins.fedoraproject.org). LXDE and others tend to do fairly well in memory constrained environments. For users running simple servers on old 32-bit hardware that was just lying around, consider one of the newer ARM boards. The power savings alone can more than pay for the new hardware in many instances. And if none of these are on option, [CentOS 7](https://centos.org) offers a 32-bit image with longer term support for the platform.

## Security and you

While some users may be tempted to keep running an older Fedora release past end of life, this is highly discouraged. People constantly research software for security issues. Often times, they find these issues which have been around for years.

Once Fedora maintainers know about such issues, they typically patch for them, and make updates available to supported releases — but not to end of life releases. And of course, once these vulnerabilities are public, there will be people trying to exploit them. If you run an older release past end of life, your security exposure increases over time as a result, putting your system at ever-growing risk.

*Photo by **Alexandre Debiève** on Unsplash*.

## Kamil

I don’t really understand the title. I guess “86ed” is supposed to mean “dead”, for some unclear reason? Perhaps I’d get it if I were a native English speaker. But for important announcements, I’d recommend avoiding wordplay that is only clear to native speakers.

## Ben Cotton

@Kamil, thanks for the reminder. We’ll be more careful in future articles.

Your understanding of the term is correct enough. It generally means discarded. Wikipedia has a few possible explanations of the term’s origin.

## Jens Petersen

Apparently it is American slang.

## Kamil

Ah, thanks, Ben. Now it makes much more sense.

## Stuart D Gathman

Inside puns and jokes are no problem when there are hyperlinks for the uninitiated. No need to leave out a good pun when clicking on “86ed” can lead to an explanation.

## Mihai

I am not a native english speaker and the title is far from a conundrum.

The pun was well crafted and it did made me chuckle 🙂

## Silvia Sanchez

Well, I am native speaker and I didn’t get it until I read the comments. So yeah, I think it would be better to avoid puns that are not easily understood by everyone.

## Bryan J Smith

https://wikipedia.org/wiki/86_(term)

## Maciej

Is there a way to request a lib? Unfortunately I still need libstdc++.so.5 to run “snx SSL Network Extender”, other libs to run this thingie are still present in 31, but this one. Installing rpm from 30 still works though. I know, I know… 🙂

## Mike

Can you give some pointers on how to set up and use multilib for running 32bit applications under 64 bit OS?

## Roger

The use of the term ’86ed’ was entirely appropriate. Do not ‘dumb-down’ an article for any particular audience. It does no harm to non-native English speakers when they are introduced to English idioms. English is a big language that has welcomed many other words and expressions from other languages into everyday use. It is a challenge to everyone.

## Silvia Sanchez

So if they do not understand, they do not matter?

That’s not very community spirit, me thinks.

## J-Money

Who’s saying they don’t matter? Have you ever come across a word you don’t know and looked it up? This is the same thing. By your logic nobody should ever use a word that somebody might not know. Ridiculous.

## Anonymous

Semi unrelated, but speaking of removal of packages, some packages got removed from Fedora 31 for another reason, python2. PlayOnLinux and Bleachbit are examples of ones I use on a daily basis. It’s a shame, but for now I use the Fedora 30 builds of PlayOnLinux and Bleachbit and they work fine for now. Is there any chance they could get added back to the repos? If not, is there a chance that they will stop working in the future?

## Luya Tshimbalanga

Python2 is reaching end of life on January 1, 2020.

## J-Money

I gotta say this article title was genius. Bravo!

## Anonymous Coward*

Totally agree! This headline is attention-grabbing, funny, and with a cultural background. So in one word, it’s smart! This is what makes us remember a story.

This is the best headline I’ve read so far in Fedora Magazine and we’d like to see more like this!

I’m not a native speaker and I believe this is a good opportunity to learn more about the language and the culture.

We can look at the brilliant tech news site The Register. Plenty of British humor, plenty of idioms, slang and cultural references from all over the English world. How do they solve the comprehension conundrum for their audience? Some writers add asterisks to a footnote, others give a short explanation or a link within the article. Because of course important information has to be clear to everyone.

Tech news without a spoon of smart fun is boring…

the collective anonymous handle for commentards on The Register (https://www.theregister.co.uk/)

## Manfred

Where is it possible to have some more info on the koji i686 repository?

## Andrew Marchant

Don’t worry about the slang in the title, it means nothing to English-speaking Right-Pondians* either! Shame to drop 32-bit (I still miss 8 bit) but usable 64 bit machines are cheap these days so it’s time to move on.

See:

https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=right-pondian

## Vernon Van Steenkist

Very disappointing. I wish this was stated when I installed Fedora 30 LXQT on my 32 bit X86 netbook and wasted all the time with configuration – especially with having to select an alternate Network Manager repository. If I had known. I would have stuck with Debian. Also, it would have been great if you suggested alternative 32 bit X86 Linux distributions.

## Manfred

I am sad about this too, I wish there were some way to keep i686 going.