与 Linux 一起学习：学习音乐
音乐
![](/data/attachment/album/201601/20/205206vxznlpj5lggcewc5.png)


“与 Linux 一起学习”的所有文章：


* [与 Linux 一起学习：学习打字](/article-6902-1.html)
* [与 Linux 一起学习：学习物理](/article-6903-1.html)
* [与 Linux 一起学习：学习音乐](/article-6912-1.html)
* [与 Linux 一起学习：学习地理](/article-6913-1.html)
* [与 Linux 一起学习：学习数学](/article-6546-1.html)


引言：Linux 提供大量的教学软件和工具，面向各个年级段以及不同年龄段，提供大量学科的练习实践，其中大多数是可以与用户进行交互的。本“与 Linux 一起学习：”系列就来介绍一些教学软件。


学习音乐是一个很好的消遣方式。训练你的耳朵能识别音阶与和弦、掌握一门乐器、控制自己的嗓音，这些都需要大量的练习，以及会遇到很多困难。音乐理论非常博大精深，有太多东西需要记忆，你需要非常勤奋才能将这些东西变成你的“技术”。在你的音乐之路上，Linux 提供了杰出的软件来帮助你前行。它们不能让你立刻成为一个音乐家，但可以作为一个降低学习难度的好助手。


### Gnu Solfège


[Solfège](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solf%C3%A8ge) 是一个世界流行的音乐教学工具，适用于各个级别的音乐教育。很多流行的教学方法（比如著名的柯达伊教学法）就使用 Solfège 作为它们的基础。相比于学到音乐知识，Solfège 更关注于让用户不断练习音乐。它预期的用户是那些已经有一些音乐基础，并且想不断练习音乐技巧的学生。


以下是 GNU 网站的开发者声明：



> 
> “当你在高校、学院、音乐学校中学习音乐，你一般要进行的一些听力训练，比如视唱，会比较简单，但是通常需要两个人配合，一个问，一个答。[...] GNU Solfège 尝试着解决这个问题，你可以在没有其他人的帮助下完成更多的简单机械式练习。只是别忘了这些练习只是整个音乐训练过程的一部分。”
> 
> 
> 


这款软件兑现了它的承诺，你可以在试听帮手的帮助下练习几乎所有音乐技巧。


Debian 和 Ubuntu 的仓库上有这款软件，在终端运行下面命令安装软件：



```
sudo apt-get install solfege

```

它开启的时候会出现一个简单的开始界面。


![learnmusic-solfege-main](/data/attachment/album/201601/20/205206jxxi5jyxpibwtxb5.png)


这些选项几乎包含了所有种类，大多数链接里面都有子类，你可以从中选择独立的练习。


![learnmusic-solfege-scales](/data/attachment/album/201601/20/205207iho6ouihnynipeh2.png)


![learnmusic-solfege-hun](/data/attachment/album/201601/20/205207c6v1sv6kwfi2owj2.png)


软件提供多种练习和测试项目，都能通过外接的 MIDI 设备（LCTT 译注：MIDI，Musical Instrument Digital Interface，乐器数字接口）或者声卡来播放音乐。这些练习还配合音符播放，以及支持慢动作回放功能。


很重要的一点是如果你在 Ubuntu 下使用 Solfège，默认情况下你可能没法听到声音（除非你有外接 MIDI 设备）。如果出现了这种情况，点击“File -> Prefernces -> Sound Setup”，选择合适的设备（一般情况下选 ALSA 都能解决问题）。


![learnmusic-solfege-midi](/data/attachment/album/201601/20/205207g82k0081380zsaas.png)


Solfège 对你的日常练习非常有帮助，经常使用它，可以在你开始唱 do-re-mi 之前练好你的音乐听觉。


### Tete （听力训练）


[Tete](http://tete.sourceforge.net/index.shtml) （这款听力训练软件）是一款简单但有效的 JAVA 软件，用于[训练听力](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear_training)。它通过在不同背景下播放不同和弦以及不同 MIDI 声音来训练你分辨不同的音阶。[从 SourceForge 下载](http://sourceforge.net/projects/tete/files/latest/download)，然后解压它。



```
unzip Tete-*

```

进入解压出来的目录：



```
cd Tete-*

```

这里假设你的系统已经安装好了 JAVA，你可以使用下面的命令执行 Java 文件：



```
java -jar Tete-[版本号]

```

（可以在输入“Tete-”后按 Tab 键进行自动补全。）


Tete 只有一个简单的界面，所有内容都在这里了。


![learnmusic-tete-main](/data/attachment/album/201601/20/205207d963zwrzp9wbrt6m.png)


你可以选择表演音阶（见上图），和弦（下图），


![learnmusic-tete-chords](/data/attachment/album/201601/20/205208jkrmfnranfdradgs.png)


或音程。


![learnmusic-tete-intervals](/data/attachment/album/201601/20/205208qaxga0au00b00gup.png)


你可以“精调”很多选项，包括 midi 乐器的声音、提升或降低音阶以及回放的快慢等等。SourceForge 网站上有关于 Tete 的非常有用的教程，介绍了这个软件的各个方面。


### JalMus


Jalmus 是用 JAVA 写的键盘音符阅读训练器。可以外接 MIDI 键盘，也可以使用虚拟键盘。它提供很多简单的课程练习来训练你的音符阅读能力。虽然这个软件在2013年之后就不再更新了，但还是比较实用的。


进入 [sourceforge 页面](http://sourceforge.net/projects/jalmus/files/Jalmus-2.3/)下载最后版本（v2.3）的 JAVA 安装器，或者在终端输入下面的命令下载：



```
wget http://garr.dl.sourceforge.net/project/jalmus/Jalmus-2.3/installjalmus23.jar

```

下载完成后，加载安装器：



```
java -jar installjalmus23.jar

```

跨平台的 JAVA 安装器会一步一步引导你完成安装的。


Jalmus 的主界面非常朴素。


![learnmusic-jalmus-main](/data/attachment/album/201601/20/205209pmtjjtxi8to7bzd3.jpg)


你可以在“Lessons”菜单中找到各种不同难度的课程，从非常简单（一行音符从左边向右滑过，键盘上相应的按键会高亮显示），


![learnmusic-jalmus-singlenote](/data/attachment/album/201601/20/205209nrwda831da88s81u.png)


到非常困难（有多行音符从右向左滑过，你需要按顺序键入音符）。


![learnmusic-jalmus-multinote](/data/attachment/album/201601/20/205209mnznzg2x7682x8xz.png)


Jalmus 也包含一些阅读单个音符的训练，内容和课程相似，只是没有那些视觉上的提示了。当完成训练后，屏幕上会显示你的乐谱。它还提供不同难度的节拍训练，你能听到并看到这些训练里面播放的节拍。在多行乐谱同时播放时，一个节拍器（能听见能看见）可以帮你理解


![learnmusic-jalmus-rhythm](/data/attachment/album/201601/20/205210amxwfzvm4mx9349i.png)


和阅读乐谱。


![learnmusic-jalmus-score](/data/attachment/album/201601/20/205210gohhjhh10bxcboit.png)


所有这些功能都是可配置的，你可以选择打开或者关闭它们。


总的来说，Jalmus 可能是节奏训练软件中属于功能最强的，虽然它不是学音乐必备的软件，但在节奏训练这个特殊的领域，它做得很出色。


### 号外


#### TuxGuitar


对于吉他练习者，[TuxGuitar](http://tuxguitar.herac.com.ar/) 看起来很像 Windows 下面的 Guitar Pro 软件（它也可以读 Guitar Pro 格式的文件）。


#### PianoBooster


[Piano Booster](http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20090517041840856/PianoBooster.html) 可以练习钢琴技巧，它能播放 MIDI 文件，你可以使用外接键盘来弹钢琴，同时还能查看屏幕上滑过的乐谱。


### 总结


Linux 提供很多优秀的工具供你学习，如果你对音乐感兴趣，你完全不用担心没有帮你练习音乐技术的软件。实际上，可供学习音乐的学生选择的优秀软件数量远比上面介绍的要多。如果你还知道其他的音乐训练软件，请在写下你的评论，让我们能够知道。




---


via: <https://www.maketecheasier.com/linux-learning-music/>


作者：[Attila Orosz](https://www.maketecheasier.com/author/attilaorosz/) 译者：[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
Linux offers great educational software and many excellent tools to aid students of all grades and ages in learning and practicing a variety of topics, often interactively. The “Learn with Linux” series of articles offers an introduction to a variety of educational apps and software.

Learning music is a great pastime. Training your ears to identify scales and chords and mastering an instrument or your own voice requires lots of practise and could become difficult. Music theory is extensive. There is much to memorize, and to turn it into a “skill” you will need diligence. Linux offers exceptional software to help you along your musical journey. They will not help you become a professional musician instantly but could ease the process of learning, being a great aide and reference point.

## Gnu Solfège

[Solfège](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solf%C3%A8ge) is a popular music education method that is used in all levels of music education all around the world. Many popular methods (like the Kodály method) use Solfège as their basis. GNU Solfège is a great software aimed more at practising Solfège than learning it. It assumes the student has already acquired the basics and wishes to practise what they have learned.

As the developer states on the GNU website:

“When you study music on high school, college, music conservatory, you usually have to do ear training. Some of the exercises, like sight singing, is easy to do alone [sic]. But often you have to be at least two people, one making questions, the other answering. […] GNU Solfège tries to help out with this. With Solfege you can practise the more simple and mechanical exercises without the need to get others to help you. Just don’t forget that this program only touches a part of the subject.”


The software delivers its promise; you can practise essentially everything with audible and visual aids.

GNU solfege is in the Debian (therefore Ubuntu) repositories. To get it just type the following command into a terminal:

sudo apt-get install solfege

When it loads, you find yourself on a simple starting screen/

The number of options is almost overwhelming. Most of the links will open sub-categories

from where you can select individual exercises.

There are practice sessions and tests. Both will be able to play the tones through any connected MIDI device or just your sound card’s MIDI player. The exercises often have visual notation and the ability to play back the sequence slowly.

One important note about Solfège is that under Ubuntu you might not be able to hear anything with the default setup (unless you have a MIDI device connected). If that is the case, head over to “File -> Preferences,” select sound setup and choose the appropriate option for your system (choosing ALSA would probably work in most cases).

Solfège could be very helpful for your daily practise. Use it regularly and you will have trained your ear before you can sing do-re-mi.

## Tete (ear trainer)

[Tete](https://tete.sourceforge.net/index.shtml) (This ear trainer ‘ere) is a Java application for simple, yet efficient, [ear training](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ear_training). It helps you identify a variety of scales by playing thhm back under various circumstances, from different roots and on different MIDI sounds. [Download it from SourceForge](https://sourceforge.net/projects/tete/files/latest/download). You then need to unzip the downloaded file.

unzip Tete-*

Enter the unpacked directory:

cd Tete-*

Assuming you have Java installed in your system, you can run the java file with

java -jar Tete-[your version]

(To autocomplete the above command, just press the `Tab`

key after typing “Tete-“.)

Tete has a simple, one-page interface with everything on it.

You can choose to play scales (see above), chords,

or intervals.

You can “fine tune” your experience with various options including the midi instrument’s sound, what note to start from, ascending or descending scales, and how slow/fast the playback should be. Tete’s SourceForge page includes a very useful [tutorial](https://tete.sourceforge.net/tutorial.shtml) that explains most aspects of the software.

## JalMus

Jalmus is a Java-based keyboard note reading trainer. It works with attached MIDI keyboards or with the on-screen virtual keyboard. It has many simple lessons and exercises to train in music reading. Unfortunately, its development has been discontinued since 2013, but the software appears to still be functional.

To get Jalmus, head over to the [sourceforge page](https://sourceforge.net/projects/jalmus/files/Jalmus-2.3/) of its last version (2.3) to get the Java installer, or just type the following command into a terminal:

wget http://garr.dl.sourceforge.net/project/jalmus/Jalmus-2.3/installjalmus23.jar

Once the download finishes, load the installer with

java -jar installjalmus23.jar

You will be guided through a simple Java-based installer that was made for cross-platform installation.

Jalmus’s main screen is plain.

You can find lessons of varying difficulty in the Lessons menu. It ranges from very simple ones, where one notes swims in from the left, and the corresponding key lights up on the on screen keyboard …

… to difficult ones with many notes swimming in from the right, and you are required to repeat the sequence on your keyboard.

Jalmus also includes exercises of note reading single notes, which are very similar to the lessons, only without the visual hints, where your score will be displayed after you finished. It also aids rhythm reading of varying difficulty, where the rhythm is both audible and visually marked. A metronome (audible and visual) aids in the understanding

and score reading where multiple notes will be played

All these options are configurable; you can switch features on and off as you like.

All things considered, Jalmus probably works best for rhythm training. Although it was not necessarily its intended purpose, the software really excelled in this particular use-case.

## Notable mentions

### TuxGuitar

For guitarists, [TuxGuitar](https://tuxguitar.herac.com.ar/) works much like Guitar Pro on Windows (and it can also read guitar-pro files).

### PianoBooster

[Piano Booster](https://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20090517041840856/PianoBooster.html) can help with piano skills. It is designed to play MIDI files, which you can play along with on an attached keyboard, watching the core roll past on the screen.

## Conclusion

Linux offers many great tools for learning, and if your particular interest is music, your will not be left without software to aid your practice. Surely there are many more excellent software tools available for music students than were mentioned above. Do you know of any? Please let us know in the comments below.

Our latest tutorials delivered straight to your inbox