Chrome 与 Chromium 有何不同？
浏览器 Chrome Chromium
![](/data/attachment/album/202112/02/100436xj1u51jhrjuwhjfw.jpg)


Chrome 浏览器是最流行的网页浏览器。无论你是否喜欢使用它，Chrome 都能提供良好的用户体验。


尽管它可以在 Linux 上使用，但它不是一个开源的网页浏览器。


而且，如果你喜欢 Chrome 的外观和感觉，但又想使用一个开源的解决方案，Chromium 是一个选择。


但是，Chrome 浏览器不是基于 Chromium 的吗？（是的。）而且，它也是由谷歌开发的吧？（也是的。）


那么，Chrome 和 Chromium 之间有什么区别呢？在这篇文章中，我们将深入了解它们，并介绍一些对它们进行比较的基准。


### 用户界面


![Chrome 和 Chromium 在 Zorin OS 16 上并排运行](/data/attachment/album/202112/02/100559cppcz4jff541e646.png)


Chrome 和 Chromium 的用户界面非常相似，除了一些细微的区别。


例如，我注意到 Chrome 的系统标题栏和边框一开始就被默认禁用了。相比之下，在我测试的时候，Chromium 默认启用了它们。


你还可以注意到在 Chrome 的地址栏里有一个分享按钮，而在 Chromium 上却没有。


这并不是大的视觉差异，而只是根据现有的功能进行了一系列的 UI 调整。所以，你可以预期它们的用户体验类似，而在底层有所不同。如果你在意用户界面，这两款浏览器应该都很适合你。


### 开源与专有代码


![](/data/attachment/album/202112/02/100559sv86z75f762667zm.png)


Chromium 是完全开源的，这意味着任何人都可以（根据许可证）按照自己的意愿使用和修改代码。你可以在其 [GitHub 镜像](https://github.com/chromium/chromium) 上查看其源代码。


这就是为什么你会发现有许多 [基于 Chromium 的浏览器](https://news.itsfoss.com/chrome-like-browsers-2021/)，如 Brave、Vivaldi 和 Edge。


有这么多的选择，你可以选择你最喜欢的那个。


另一方面，Chrome 在 Chromium 中加入了刚刚专有的代码，使 Chrome 成为了专有浏览器。例如，人们可以复刻 Brave，但不能复刻谷歌 Chrome，而限制使用其中的谷歌特定代码/工作。


对于终端用户来说，开源与否并不影响用户体验。然而，对于一个开源项目，你可以得到更多的透明度，而不需要依靠公司来沟通他们打算改变什么，以及他们在浏览器上做什么。


所以，是的，如果你不喜欢专有代码，Chromium 就是你的选择。


### 功能差异


谷歌不希望其竞争对手拥有类似的能力，这并不奇怪。因此，谷歌一直在 [锁定 Chromium 并在其中禁用了很多谷歌特有的能力](https://news.itsfoss.com/is-google-locking-down-chrome/)。


因此，你会发现这两个浏览器的能力有一些差异。


不仅如此，由于 Chromium 是开源的，你可能会注意到一些不便之处。别担心，我将在下面指出其中的关键差异。




| Chrome | Chromium |
| --- | --- |
| 有签到和同步功能 | 无签到和同步功能 |
| 支持媒体编解码器以使用 Netflix | 需要手动安装编解码器 |


对于初学者来说，在 Chromium 中不再能使用由谷歌支持的登录/同步功能。它曾经支持签到和同步，直到谷歌决定将其从开源项目中删除。


接下来，Chrome 内置了对高质量媒体编解码器的支持。因此，你可以加载来自 Netflix 的内容。但是，在 Chromium 中没有这些。


![Netflix 在 Chromium 中默认不能工作](/data/attachment/album/202112/02/100600p4jwvh2hxj723hjr.png)


从技术上讲，Chromium 并不包括 *Widevine 内容解密模块*。因此，你需要手动安装所需的编解码器，以使大部分东西都能工作。


不过，你在这两个浏览器上你都可以播放苹果音乐等平台的内容，应该不会有任何问题。


### 安装及最新更新


你可以在几乎任何平台上安装 Chrome。Linux 也不例外。只需前往其官方网站，抓取 DEB/RPM 包即可快速安装。安装后的应用程序也会自动更新。


![](/data/attachment/album/202112/02/100601qmgu1kjgmm1tp021.png)


有几个平台上安装 Chromium 并不那么简单。曾经有一段时间，一些 Linux 发行版将 Chromium 作为默认浏览器。那是过去的日子了。


即使在 Windows 上，Chromium 的安装和更新也不像 Chrome 那样顺利。


在 Linux 上，安装 Chromium 则完全是另一回事。像 Ubuntu 这样的流行发行版把它打包成一个沙盒式的 Snap 应用程序。


即使你试图用终端安装它，希望能从 APT 库中得到它，但它又是一个 Snap。


![](/data/attachment/album/202112/02/100601vpn1ncn2z722vop8.png)


使用 Snap 软件包，你可能会面临与你的自定义桌面主题相融合的问题。Snap 应用程序的启动时间也会更长。


![](/data/attachment/album/202112/02/100602byuyrwra91orh911.png)


而且，如果你构建它并手动安装 Chromium，你就得手动更新它。


### 隐私角度


Chrome 对大多数用户来说应该足够好了。但是，如果你担心你的隐私，Chrome 会追踪使用信息和一些与浏览有关的信息。


最近，[谷歌推出了一个新的 Chrome API](https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2021/10/02/stop-using-google-chrome-on-windows-10-android-and-apple-iphones-ipads-and-macs/)，可以让网站检测到你什么时候闲着，什么时候不闲着。虽然这是一个巨大的隐私问题，但并不是唯一的问题。


谷歌不断试验新的追踪用户的方法；例如，正如 [EFF](https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2021/03/googles-floc-terrible-idea) 所指出的那样，谷歌的 FLoC 实验并不受欢迎。


从技术上讲，他们声称他们想增强用户的隐私，而同时仍然提供广告机会。然而，就目前而言，这是一个不可能实现的任务。


相比之下，Chromium 在隐私方面的表现应该要好得多。然而，如果你讨厌你的浏览器中有任何与谷歌有关的东西，即使是最轻微的遥测，你应该试试 [UnGoogled Chromium](https://github.com/Eloston/ungoogled-chromium)。


它是 Chromium，但没有任何谷歌组件。


### 浏览器性能


有各种各样的浏览器基准，可以让你了解到一个浏览器处理任务的能力如何。


考虑到网站上的高级网站应用和资源密集型的 JavaScript，如果一个网页浏览器的性能不好，当你打开许多活动的标签时，你的体验就会明显很糟糕。


[JetStream 2](https://webkit.org/blog/8685/introducing-the-jetstream-2-benchmark-suite/) 和 [Speedometer 2](https://webkit.org/blog/8063/speedometer-2-0-a-benchmark-for-modern-web-app-responsiveness/) 是两个流行的基准，可以给你处理各种任务和响应能力的性能估计。


除此之外，我还试用了 [Basemark Web 3.0](https://web.basemark.com/)，它也是测试各种指标并给你一个综合分数。


![](/data/attachment/album/202112/02/100602p9nz0rert9i49uem.png)


总体而言，Chrome 在此获胜。


但是，值得注意的是，在运行浏览器时，你的系统资源和后台进程会对性能产生不同的影响。因此，也要考虑到这一点。


### 你应该选择哪个？


之所以存在对浏览器的选择，是因为用户喜欢不同的东西。Chrome 提供了一个良好的功能集和用户体验。如果你以某种形式使用由谷歌提供的服务，Chrome 是一个简单的推荐。


然而，如果你担心隐私和专有代码，Chromium 或 UnGoogled Chromium，或任何其他基于 Chromium 的浏览器，如 Brave，可以是一个不错的选择。


这就是我在比较 Chrome 和 Chromium 时的全部看法。我愿意接受你的意见。评论区都是你的。




---


via: <https://itsfoss.com/chrome-vs-chromium/>


作者：[Ankush Das](https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
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Google Chrome is the most popular web browser. No matter whether you prefer to use it, Chrome manages to offer a good user experience.

Even though it is available for Linux, it is not an open-source web browser.

And, if you need the look and feel of Google Chrome but want to use an open-source solution, Chromium can be your answer.

But isn’t Google Chrome based on Chromium? (that’s a Yes.) And, it’s also developed by Google? (Also, Yes.)

So, what are the differences between Chrome and Chromium? The major difference is that Chromium is the open source project and Chrome, Edge, Brave and many other web browsers are based on it. Unlike Chrome, Chromium doesn't have easy to install binaries available and the Google's account sync option is missing here. Altogether, Chrome is the mainstream, end-user ready product.

In this article, we shall take an in-depth look at both of them and compare them while presenting some benchmarks.

## User Interface

![chrome chromium ui](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/11/chrome-chromium-ui.png)

The user interfaces for both Google Chrome and Chromium remain very similar, with minor noticeable differences.

For instance, I noticed that the system title bar and borders were disabled by default for Google Chrome out of the box. In contrast, it was enabled by default for Chromium at the time of my tests.

You can also notice a share button in the address bar of Google Chrome, which is absent on Chromium.

It isn’t a big visual difference, but just a set of UI tweaks as per the available features. So, yes, you can expect a similar user experience with under-the-hood tweaks. If you are in for the UI, both the browsers should suit you well.

## Open-Source & Proprietary Code

![open source proprietary](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/11/open-source-proprietary.png)

Chromium is entirely open-source, meaning anyone can use and modify the code to their heart’s intent. You can check out its source code on its [GitHub mirror](https://github.com/chromium/chromium?ref=itsfoss.com).

This is why you will find many [Chromium-based browsers](https://news.itsfoss.com/chrome-like-browsers-2021/?ref=itsfoss.com) available such as Brave, Vivaldi and Edge.

You end up getting so many choices, so you can choose what you like the best.

On the other hand, Google Chrome adds proprietary code to Chromium, making Chrome a proprietary browser. For example, one can fork Brave, but one cannot fork Google Chrome, restricting the usage of their Google-specific code/work.

For end-users, the license does not affect the user experience. However, with an open-source project, you get more transparency without relying on the company to communicate what they intend to change and what they’re doing with the browser.

So, yes, if you’re not a fan of proprietary code, Chromium is the answer.

## Feature Differences

It’s no surprise that Google does not want its competitors to have similar capabilities. So, Google has been [locking up Chromium and disabling a lot of Google-specific abilities](https://news.itsfoss.com/is-google-locking-down-chrome/?ref=itsfoss.com).

Hence, you will find some differences in capabilities between both browsers.

Not just limited to that, but because Chromium is open-source, you may notice some inconvenience. Fret not; I’ll point out the crucial differences below:

Google Chrome | Chromium |

Sign-in and Sync Available | No Sign-in and Sync |

Media codec support to use Netflix | Manual codec installation is required |


For starters, the Google-powered sign-in/sync feature is no longer available in Chromium. It supported sign-in and sync until Google decided to remove it from the open-source project.

Next, Google Chrome comes with built-in support for high-quality media codecs. So, you can load up content from Netflix. But, it won’t work with Chromium.

![chromium netflix](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/11/chromium-netflix.png)

Technically, Chromium does not include the *Widevine Content Decryption module*. So, you will have to install the required codecs manually to make most of the things work.

However, you should not have any issues playing content from platforms like Apple Music and others on both browsers out of the box.

## Installation & Availability of Latest update

You can install Google Chrome on virtually any platform. Linux is not an exception. Just head to its official website and grab the DEB/RPM package to install it quickly. The installed application also gets updated automatically.

![google chrome version](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/11/google-chrome-version.png)

Installing Chromium is not that straightforward on several platforms. There was a time when some Linux distributions included Chromium as the default browser. Those were the days of the past.

Even on Windows, Chromium installation and update is not as smooth as Chrome.

On Linux, it’s entirely a different story for installing Chromium. Popular distribution like Ubuntu packages it as a sandboxed Snap application.

Even if you are trying to install it using the terminal, hoping that you would get it from the APT repositories, it’s Snap again. Some distributions like Linux Mint have disabled Snap, so you can use APT as usual. You can [enable the support](https://itsfoss.com/enable-snap-support-linux-mint/) for it if you prefer.

![install chromium](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/11/install-chromium.png)

With the Snap package, you may face issues with blending in with your custom desktop theme. Snap applications take longer to start as well.

![chromium version](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/11/chromium-version.png)

And, if you proceed to build it and install Chromium manually, you will have to update it manually.

## The Privacy Angle

Google Chrome should be good enough for most users. However, if you are worried about your privacy, Google Chrome tracks usage info and some browsing-related information.

Recently, [Google introduced a new Chrome API](https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2021/10/02/stop-using-google-chrome-on-windows-10-android-and-apple-iphones-ipads-and-macs/?ref=itsfoss.com) that lets sites detect when you are idle and when you are not. While this is a massive privacy concern, it isn’t the only thing.

Google constantly experiments with new ways of tracking users; for instance, Google’s FLoC experiment wasn’t well-received, as pointed out by [EFF](https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2021/03/googles-floc-terrible-idea?ref=itsfoss.com).

Technically, they claim that they want to enhance users’ privacy while still providing advertising opportunities. However, that is one impossible task to achieve as of now.

In comparison, Chromium should fare way better concerning privacy. However, if you hate anything Google-related in your browser, even the slightest telemetry, you should try [UnGoogled Chromium](https://github.com/Eloston/ungoogled-chromium?ref=itsfoss.com) instead.

It is Chromium, but without any Google components.

## Browser Performance

There are a variety of browser benchmarks that give you an idea of how well a browser can handle tasks.

Considering the advanced web applications and resource-intensive JavaScript found on websites, if a web browser does not perform well, you will get a noticeably bad experience when you dabble with many active tabs.

[JetStream 2](https://webkit.org/blog/8685/introducing-the-jetstream-2-benchmark-suite/?ref=itsfoss.com) and [Speedometer 2](https://webkit.org/blog/8063/speedometer-2-0-a-benchmark-for-modern-web-app-responsiveness/?ref=itsfoss.com) are two popular benchmarks that give you a performance estimate of handling various tasks and responsiveness, respectively.

In addition to that, I also tried out [Basemark Web 3.0](https://web.basemark.com/?ref=itsfoss.com), which also tests a variety of things and gives you an aggregate score.

![chrome chromium benchmarks 1](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/11/chrome-chromium-benchmarks-1.png)

Overall, Google Chrome wins here.

But, it is worth noting that your system resources and background processes while running a browser will affect performance differently. So, take that into account as well.

## What should you choose?

The choices for browsers exist because users prefer different things. Google Chrome offers a good feature set and user experience. If you use Google-powered services in some form, Google Chrome is an easy recommendation.

However, if you are concerned about privacy practices and proprietary code, Chromium or UnGoogled Chromium, or any other Chromium-based browser like Brave can be a good pick.

That’s all I had in mind when debating Chrome and Chromium. I am open to receive your views now. The comment section is all yours.