对 Bash 感到厌倦？教你如何在 Linux 中更改默认 Shell
Shell
![](/data/attachment/album/202312/13/220515mvmrhk1efhh8fq17.jpg)


Bash 并不是唯一可供选择的 Shell。还存在数量众多的 Shell，它们都有一些独特的特性，例如 Zsh、Fish、Ksh 和 [Xonsh](https://itsfoss.com/xonsh-shell/)。


在你的系统中，你可以同时安装多个 Shell。


要想将另一个 Shell 设为默认值，你可以按照以下方式使用 chsh 命令：



```
chsh -s path_to_binary_of_shell

```

如需找到 Shell 的二进制路径，你可以查看 `/etc/shells` 文件的内容。另外，你也可使用以下自动获取所需 Shell 二进制路径的命令：



```
chsh -s $(which new_shell)

```

接下来，让我们详细了解一下如何确定并更改 Shell。


### 我现在用的是哪个 Shell？


有很多方法可以帮你找出当前使用的是哪个 Shell，虽然专家可能会辩论这些方法的准确度。


最常用的，也是最简单的方式是：



```
echo $0

```

[$0 是一个特别的 Shell 变量](https://linuxhandbook.com/bash-dollar-0/)，这可以获取你正在使用的 Shell 或 Shell 脚本的名称（如果你在脚本中使用了它）。


![](/data/attachment/album/202312/13/220630zlsbylfb6pw2wgdp.png)


你还可以使用下面的命令检查进程：



```
ps -p $

```

其中，`$` 代表的是当前进程 / Shell 的进程 ID。


![](/data/attachment/album/202312/13/220630e6wa2u6a76hwllej.png)


### 如何安装另一个 Shell？


和其他软件包一样，大部分知名 Shell，例如 [Fish](https://fishshell.com/) 和 Zsh，都可以直接从你的发行版软件仓库中下载安装。新的，相对小众的 Shell，例如 Xonsh，可能就需要不同的安装步骤了。你可以在它们的项目网页上找到具体的安装指南。


比如，你想 [在 Ubuntu 上安装 Zsh](https://itsfoss.com/zsh-ubuntu/)，那么可以使用以下命令：



```
sudo apt install zsh


```

### 如何更改当前的 Shell？


假设你已经安装了另一个 Shell，那么我们来看一看如何切换过去。


实际上，你只需要输入新 Shell 的名称即可。比方说，你想切换到 Zsh，那就输入：



```
zsh

```

若要退出当前的 Shell，只需输入 `exit` 即可，你会回到你的默认 Shell。


### 如何查看默认的 Shell 是哪个？


有一个 `SHELL` 的环境变量，它可以告诉你当前账户的默认 Shell 是哪个：



```
echo $SHELL

```

举个例子，我切换到了 Zsh。此时，当前 Shell 显示的信息是 `zsh`，而默认 Shell 依然显示为 `bash`：


![](/data/attachment/album/202312/13/220631t0j1p0puuwjwp1pm.png)


这说明更改 Shell 并不会改变默认的 Shell。也就是说，下次你再次登录到该终端或系统，你还会返回到旧的默认 Shell，而不是新的 Shell。


### 如何知道系统中可用的 Shell 有哪些？


你可以通过查看 `/etc/shells` 文件，来了解系统中具有哪些可用的 Shell：



```
cat /etc/shells

```

下面就是我当前系统中所有可用的 Shell：


![](/data/attachment/album/202312/13/220631g4mm404sno05q4uq.png)


### 如何更改默认的 Shell？


`/etc/shells` 文件的内容显示了所有可用 Shell 的二进制文件位置。你需要将它与 chsh 命令一起使用。


假设我想让 Zsh 成为默认的 Shell，我可以输入：



```
chsh -s /usr/bin/zsh

```

更改后，**你需要重新登入**才能看到变化。


请注意，以上操作只会更改当前用户的默认 Shell。如果你是管理员，并且想更改其他用户的默认 Shell，那么你可以使用以下命令：



```
sudo chsh -s /usr/bin/zsh other_username

```

### 结论


Linux 的一大特色就是，用户可以自主选择。你完全可以根据自己的需要进行更改。这就是另一个例子，你不必局限于发行版提供的默认 Shell 的选择。你很欢迎自选一款 Shell，让你的工作变得更顺手。最后，祝你使用愉快 ?


*（题图：DA/cf9b865d-2b98-4ada-88df-de1d1839aba1）*




---


via: <https://itsfoss.com/linux-change-default-shell/>


作者：[Abhishek Prakash](https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[ChatGPT](https://linux.cn/lctt/ChatGPT) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
![Warp Terminal](/assets/images/warp-terminal.webp)


![Warp Terminal](/assets/images/warp-terminal.webp)

Bash is not the only shell out there. There are many other shells available with slightly different feature sets. A few examples are Zsh, Fish, Ksh are [Xonsh](https://itsfoss.com/xonsh-shell/).

You can have more than one shell installed on your system at any given time.

If you want to choose some other shell as your default, you can use the chsh command in this fashion:

`chsh -s path_to_binary_of_shell`


You can get the path of the binary of the shell by displaying the contents of the `/etc/shells`

file. You may also use the command below that automatically gets the binary of the desired shell with the which command:

`chsh -s $(which new_shell)`


Let's see things about knowing and changing shells a bit more in detail here.

## How to know which shell are you using currently?

There are a few ways to figure out which shell is being used currently, although the accuracy of these methods can be debatable by the experts.

The simplest and most common way is to use:

`echo $0`


[$0 is a special shell variable](https://linuxhandbook.com/bash-dollar-0/) that gets you the name of the shell or shell script (if you are using it in a script).

![Checking current shell in use in Linux](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/12/check-default-shell.png)

Another method is to use check the process using:

```
ps -p $$
```


Here, `$$`

gives you the process ID of the current process/shell.

![Check current shell using process ID](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/12/check-current-shell.png)

## How to install another shell?

Well, like any other software package. Most of the popular shells, like [Fish](https://fishshell.com/?ref=itsfoss.com) and Zsh, are available from your distribution's repository and can be installed easily. The newer, lesser-known shells, like Xonsh, may have a different installation instruction. You can get that from the project's web page.

Let's say you want to [install Zsh on Ubuntu](https://itsfoss.com/zsh-ubuntu/). Use:

`sudo apt install zsh`


## How to change the current shell?

Now that you have installed another shell, let's see about changing it.

Most likely, you just have to enter the name of the shell. Say, you have to switch to Zsh:

`zsh`


To exit from the current shell, enter exit and you'll be back to the default shell.

## How to know the default shell?

There is this `SHELL`

environment variable that tells you the default shell for the current user:

`echo $SHELL`


Let's take this example where I switched to Zsh. The current shell shows to zsh and the default shell remains bash:

![Current shell vs default shell](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/12/current-shell-default-shell-1.png)

This tells you that changing the shell won't change the default shell. Which means the next time you log into the terminal/system, you'll be back to the old default shell instead of the newly one.

## How to know the available shells on your system?

You can see the available shells in your system by looking at the content of the `/etc/shells`

:

`cat /etc/shells`


Here are the presently available shells in my system:

![Available shells in Linux](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/12/available-shells-1.png)

## How to change the default shell?

The contents of the `/etc/shells`

file shows the location of binaries of the available shell. You have to use it with the chsh command.

Let's say, I want to make the Zsh shell the default. Here's what I use:

`chsh -s /usr/bin/zsh`


**Log out and log in again** to see the changes.

Note that this will change the default shell of the current user. If you are an admin and want to change the default shell for another user, use:

```
sudo chsh -s /usr/bin/zsh other_username
```


## Conclusion

Linux is all about choices. You have the liberty to make changes as you wish. This is another example where you are not bound by the choice of the default shell your distribution provides. You can change the shell to the one you prefer. Enjoy 😄