如何在树莓派上安装 Fedora 25
树莓派 Fedora ARM

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> 了解 Fedora 第一个官方支持树莓派的版本
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![How to install Fedora 25 on your Raspberry Pi](/data/attachment/album/201704/24/091244yqax6tk8fttt1i3f.jpg "How to install Fedora 25 on your Raspberry Pi")


2016 年 10 月，Fedora 25 Beta 发布了，随之而来的还有对 [树莓派 2 和 3 的初步支持](https://fedoramagazine.org/raspberry-pi-support-fedora-25-beta/)。Fedora 25 的最终“通用”版在一个月后发布，从那时起，我一直在树莓派上尝试不同的 Fedora spins。


这篇文章不仅是一篇<ruby> 树莓派 <rt>  Raspberry Pi </rt></ruby> 3 上的 Fedora 25 的点评，还集合了技巧、截图以及我对 Fedora 第一个官方支持 Pi 的这个版本的一些个人看法。


在我开始之前，需要说一下的是，为写这篇文章所做的所有工作都是在我的运行 Fedora 25 的个人笔记本电脑上完成的。我使用一张 microSD 插到 SD 适配器中，复制和编辑所有的 Fedora 镜像到 32GB 的 microSD 卡中，然后用它在一台三星电视上启动了树莓派 3。 因为 Fedora 25 尚不支持内置 Wi-Fi，所以树莓派 3 使用了以太网线缆进行网络连接。最后，我使用了 Logitech K410 无线键盘和触摸板进行输入。


如果你没有条件使用以太网线连接在你的树莓派上玩 Fedora 25，我曾经用过一个 Edimax Wi-Fi USB 适配器，它也可以在 Fedora 25 上工作，但在本文中，我只使用了以太网连接。


### 在树莓派上安装 Fedora 25 之前


阅读 Fedora 项目 wiki 上的[树莓派支持文档](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi)。你可以从 wiki 下载 Fedora 25 安装所需的镜像，那里还列出了所有支持和不支持的内容。


此外，请注意，这是初始支持版本，还有许多新的工作和支持将随着 Fedora 26 的发布而出现，所以请随时报告 bug，并通过 [Bugzilla](https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=245418)、Fedora 的 [ARM 邮件列表](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/admin/lists/arm%40lists.fedoraproject.org/)、或者 Freenode IRC 频道＃fedora-arm，分享你在树莓派上使用 Fedora 25 的体验反馈。


### 安装


我下载并安装了五个不同的 Fedora 25 spin：GNOME（默认工作站）、KDE、Minimal、LXDE 和 Xfce。在多数情况下，它们都有一致和易于遵循的步骤，以确保我的树莓派 3 上启动正常。有的 spin 有已知 bug 的正在解决之中，而有的按照 Fedora wik 遵循标准操作程序即可。


![GNOME on Raspberry Pi](/data/attachment/album/201704/24/091245zltj3ozvule1quy4.png "GNOME on Raspberry Pi")


*树莓派 3 上的 Fedora 25 workstation、 GNOME 版本*


### 安装步骤


1、 在你的笔记本上，从支持文档页面的链接下载一个树莓派的 Fedora 25 镜像。


2、 在笔记本上，使用 `fedora-arm-installer` 或下述命令行将镜像复制到 microSD：



```
xzcat Fedora-Workstation-armhfp-25-1.3-sda.raw.xz | dd bs=4M status=progress of=/dev/mmcblk0

```

注意：`/dev/mmclk0` 是我的 microSD 插到 SD 适配器后，在我的笔记本电脑上挂载的设备名。虽然我在笔记本上使用 Fedora，可以使用 `fedora-arm-installer`，但我还是喜欢命令行。


3、 复制完镜像后，*先不要启动你的系统*。我知道你很想这么做，但你仍然需要进行几个调整。


4、 为了使镜像文件尽可能小以便下载，镜像上的根文件系统是很小的，因此你必须增加根文件系统的大小。如果你不这么做，你仍然可以启动你的派，但如果你一旦运行 `dnf update` 来升级你的系统，它就会填满文件系统，导致糟糕的事情发生，所以趁着 microSD 还在你的笔记本上进行分区：



```
growpart /dev/mmcblk0 4
resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p4

```

注意：在 Fedora 中，`growpart` 命令由 `cloud-utils-growpart.noarch` 这个 RPM 提供的。


5、文件系统更新后，您需要将 `vc4` 模块列入黑名单。[更多有关此 bug 的信息在此。](https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1387733)


我建议在启动树莓派之前这样做，因为不同的 spin 有不同表现方式。例如，（至少对我来说）在没有黑名单 `vc4` 的情况下，GNOME 在我启动后首先出现，但在系统更新后，它不再出现。 KDE spin 则在第一次启动时根本不会出现 KDE。因此我们可能需要在我们的第一次启动之前将 `vc4` 加入黑名单，直到这个错误以后解决了。


黑名单应该出现在两个不同的地方。首先，在你的 microSD 根分区上，在 `etc/modprode.d/` 下创建一个 `vc4.conf`，内容是：`blacklist vc4`。第二，在你的 microSD 启动分区，添加 `rd.driver.blacklist=vc4` 到 `extlinux/extlinux.conf` 文件的末尾。


6、 现在，你可以启动你的树莓派了。


### 启动


你要有耐心，特别是对于 GNOME 和 KDE 发行版来说。在 SSD（固态驱动器）几乎即时启动的时代，你很容易就对派的启动速度感到不耐烦，特别是第一次启动时。在第一次启动 Window Manager 之前，会先弹出一个初始配置页面，可以配置 root 密码、常规用户、时区和网络。配置完毕后，你就应该能够 SSH 到你的树莓派上，方便地调试显示问题了。


### 系统更新


在树莓派上运行 Fedora 25 后，你最终（或立即）会想要更新系统。


首先，进行内核升级时，先熟悉你的 `/boot/extlinux/extlinux.conf` 文件。如果升级内核，下次启动时，除非手动选择正确的内核，否则很可能会启动进入救援（ Rescue ）模式。避免这种情况发生最好的方法是，在你的 `extlinux.conf` 中将定义 Rescue 镜像的那五行移动到文件的底部，这样最新的内核将在下次自动启动。你可以直接在派上或通过在笔记本挂载来编辑 `/boot/extlinux/extlinux.conf`：



```
label Fedora 25 Rescue fdcb76d0032447209f782a184f35eebc (4.9.9-200.fc25.armv7hl)
            kernel /vmlinuz-0-rescue-fdcb76d0032447209f782a184f35eebc
            append ro root=UUID=c19816a7-cbb8-4cbb-8608-7fec6d4994d0 rd.driver.blacklist=vc4
            fdtdir /dtb-4.9.9-200.fc25.armv7hl/
            initrd /initramfs-0-rescue-fdcb76d0032447209f782a184f35eebc.img
```

第二点，如果无论什么原因，如果你的显示器在升级后再次变暗，并且你确定已经将 `vc4` 加入黑名单，请运行 `lsmod | grep vc4`。你可以先启动到多用户模式而不是图形模式，并从命令行中运行 `startx`。 请阅读 `/etc/inittab` 中的内容，了解如何切换 target 的说明。


![KDE on Raspberry Pi 3](/data/attachment/album/201704/24/091246e4t429e4024hytl9.png "KDE on Raspberry Pi 3")


*树莓派 3 上的 Fedora 25 workstation、 KDE 版本*


### Fedora Spin


在我尝试过的所有 Fedora Spin 中，唯一有问题的是 XFCE spin，我相信这是由于这个[已知的 bug](https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1389163) 导致的。


按照我在这里分享的步骤操作，GNOME、KDE、LXDE 和 minimal 都运行得很好。考虑到 KDE 和 GNOME 会占用更多资源，我会推荐想要在树莓派上使用 Fedora 25 的人使用 LXDE 和 Minimal。如果你是一位系统管理员，想要一台廉价的 SELinux 支持的服务器来满足你的安全考虑，而且只是想要使用树莓派作为你的服务器，开放 22 端口以及 vi 可用，那就用 Minimal 版本。对于开发人员或刚开始学习 Linux 的人来说，LXDE 可能是更好的方式，因为它可以快速方便地访问所有基于 GUI 的工具，如浏览器、IDE 和你可能需要的客户端。


![LXES on Raspberry Pi ](/data/attachment/album/201704/24/091247ydd0dtrbdrwirsax.png "LXDE on Raspberry Pi 3")


*树莓派 3 上的 Fedora 25 workstation、LXDE。*


看到越来越多的 Linux 发行版在基于 ARM 的树莓派上可用，那真是太棒了。对于其第一个支持的版本，Fedora 团队为日常 Linux 用户提供了更好的体验。我很期待 Fedora 26 的改进和 bug 修复。


（题图： opensource.com）




---


作者简介：


Anderson Silva - Anderson 于 1996 年开始使用 Linux。更精确地说是 Red Hat Linux。 2007 年，他作为 IT 部门的发布工程师时加入红帽，他的职业梦想成为了现实。此后，他在红帽担任过多个不同角色，从发布工程师到系统管理员、高级经理和信息系统工程师。他是一名 RHCE 和 RHCA 以及一名活跃的 Fedora 包维护者。




---


via: <https://opensource.com/article/17/3/how-install-fedora-on-raspberry-pi>


作者：[Anderson Silva](https://opensource.com/users/ansilva) 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[jasminepeng](https://github.com/jasminepeng)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
In October 2016, the release of Fedora 25 Beta was announced, along with initial [support for the Raspberry Pi 2 and 3](https://fedoramagazine.org/raspberry-pi-support-fedora-25-beta/). The final "general availability" version of Fedora 25 was released a month later, and since then I have been playing around with the many different Fedora spins available for the latest versions of the Raspberry Pi.

This article is not as much a review of Fedora 25 on the Raspberry Pi 3 as a collection of tips, screenshots, and my own personal thoughts on the very first officially supported version of Fedora for the Pi.


Before I start, it is worth mentioning that all of the work I have done to write this article was done on my personal laptop, which is running Fedora 25. I used a microSD to SD adapter to copy and edit all of the Fedora images into a 32GB microSD card, which I used to boot up my Raspberry Pi 3 on a Samsung TV. The Raspberry Pi 3 used an Ethernet cable connection for network connectivity because the built-in Wi-Fi is not yet supported by Fedora 25. Finally, I used a Logitech K410 wireless keyboard and touchpad for input.

If you don't have the opportunity to use an Ethernet wire connection to play around with Fedora 25 on your Raspberry Pi, I was able to get an Edimax Wi-Fi USB adapter to work on Fedora 25 as well, but for the purposes of this article, I only used the Ethernet connection.

## Before you install Fedora 25 on your Raspberry Pi

Read over the [Raspberry Pi support documentation](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Raspberry_Pi) on the Fedora Project wiki. You can download the Fedora 25 images you need for installation from the wiki, and everything that is supported and not supported is listed there.

Also, be mindful that this is an initially supported version and a lot of new work and support will be coming out with the release of Fedora 26, so feel free to report bugs and share feedback of your own experience with Fedora 25 on the Raspberry Pi via [Bugzilla](https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=245418), Fedora's [ARM mailing list](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/admin/lists/arm%40lists.fedoraproject.org/), or on the Freenode IRC channel #fedora-arm.

## Installation

I downloaded and installed five different Fedora 25 spins: GNOME (Workstation default), KDE, Minimal, LXDE, and Xfce. For the most part, they all had pretty consistent and easy-to-follow steps to ensure my Raspberry Pi 3 would boot up properly. Some have known bugs that people are working on, and some followed standard operating procedure via the Fedora wiki.

Fedora 25 workstation, GNOME on Raspberry Pi 3.

## Steps for installation

1. On your laptop, download one of the Fedora 25 images for the Raspberry Pi from the links on the support documentation page.

2. On your laptop, copy the image onto your microSD using either **fedora-arm-installer** or the command line:

**xzcat Fedora-Workstation-armhfp-25-1.3-sda.raw.xz | dd bs=4M status=progress of=/dev/mmcblk0**

Note: **/dev/mmclk0** was the device that my microSD to SD adapter mounted on my laptop, and even though I am using Fedora on my laptop and I could have used the **fedora-arm-installer**, I preferred the command line.

3. Once you've copied the image, *don't boot up your system yet*. I know it is tempting to just go for it, but you still need to make a couple of tweaks.

4. To keep the image file as small as possible for download convenience, the root file system on the image was kept to a minimum, so you must grow your root filesystem. If you don't, your Pi will still boot up, but if you run **dnf update** to upgrade your system, it will fill up the file system and bad things will happen, so with the microSD still on your laptop grow the partition:

**growpart /dev/mmcblk0 4
resize2fs /dev/mmcblk0p4**

Note: In Fedora, the **growpart** command is provided by **cloud-utils-growpart.noarch** RPM.

5. Once the file system is updated, you will need to blacklist the **vc4** module. [Read more about this bug.](https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1387733)

I recommend doing this before you boot up the Raspberry Pi because different spins will behave in different ways. For example, (at least for me) GNOME came up first after I booted, without blacklisting **vc4**, but after doing a system update, it no longer came up. The KDE spin wouldn't come up at all during the first initial boot. We might as well blacklist **vc4** even before our first boot until the bug is resolved.

Blacklisting should happen in two different places. First, on your microSD root partition, create a **vc4.conf** under **etc/modprode.d/** with content: **blacklist vc4**. Second, on your microSD boot partition add **rd.driver.blacklist=vc4** to the end of the append line in the **extlinux/extlinux.conf** file.

6. Now, you are ready to boot up your Raspberry Pi.

## Booting Up

Be patient, especially for the GNOME and KDE distributions to come up. In the age of SSDs (Solid-State Drives), and almost instant bootups, it's easy to become impatient with write speeds for the Pi, especially the first time you boot. Before the Window Manager comes up for the first time, an initial configuration screen will pop up, which will allow you to configure root password, a regular user, time zones, and networking. Once you get that configured, you should be able to SSH into your Raspberry Pi, which can be very handy for debugging display issues.

## System updates

Once you have Fedora 25 up and running on your Raspberry Pi, you will eventually (or immediately) want to apply system updates.

First, when doing kernel upgrades, become familiar with your **/boot/extlinux/extlinux.conf** file. If you upgrade your kernel, the next time you boot, unless you manually pick the right kernel, you will most likely boot into Rescue mode. The best way to avoid that is to take the five lines that define the Rescue image on your **extlinux.conf** and move them to the bottom of the file, so the latest kernel will automatically boot up next time. You can edit the **/boot/extlinux/extlinux.conf** directly on the Pi or by mounting on your laptop:

**label Fedora 25 Rescue fdcb76d0032447209f782a184f35eebc (4.9.9-200.fc25.armv7hl)
kernel /vmlinuz-0-rescue-fdcb76d0032447209f782a184f35eebc
append ro root=UUID=c19816a7-cbb8-4cbb-8608-7fec6d4994d0 rd.driver.blacklist=vc4
fdtdir /dtb-4.9.9-200.fc25.armv7hl/
initrd /initramfs-0-rescue-fdcb76d0032447209f782a184f35eebc.img**

Second, if for whatever reason your display goes dark again after an upgrade and you are sure that **vc4** is blacklisted, run **lsmod | grep vc4**. You can always boot into multiuser mode, instead of graphical mode, and run **startx*** *from the command line. Read the content of **/etc/inittab** for directions on how to switch targets.

A Fedora 25 workstation, KDE on Raspberry Pi 3.

## The Fedora spins

Out of all of the Fedora spins I have tried, the only one that gave me a problem was the XFCE spin, and I believe it was due to this [known bug](https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1389163).

GNOME, KDE, LXDE, and minimal spins worked pretty well when I followed the steps I've shared here. Given that KDE and GNOME are a bit more resource heavy, I would recommend LXDE and Minimal for anyone who wants to just start playing with Fedora 25 on the Raspberry Pi. If you are a sysadmin who wants a cheap server backed by SELinux to cover your security concerns and all you want is to run your Raspberry Pi as some sort of server and you are happy with an IP address and port 22 open and vi, go with the Minimal spin. For developers or people starting to learn Linux, the LXDE may be the better way to go because it will give quick and easy access to all the GUI-based tools like browsers, IDEs, and clients you may need.

Fedora 25 workstation, LXDE on Raspberry Pi 3.

It is fantastic to see more and more Linux distributions become available on ARM-based Raspberry Pi computers. For its very first supported version, the Fedora team has provided a polished experience for the everyday Linux user. I will certainly be looking forward to the improvements and bug fixes for Fedora 26.

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