Debian 终于开始讨论非自由固件镜像了
自由固件 Debian

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> Debian 终于开始考虑将非自由固件纳入一般决议中了。那么，将会如何呢？
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![Debian 终于开始考虑非自由固件映像的一般决议](/data/attachment/album/202209/01/174049xhc8v2zjiqf6qovb.jpg)


由于其稳定性和新功能之间的平衡的做法，Debian 是最受欢迎的 Linux 发行版之一。


但是，它并没有配备任何非自由固件。


对于想在新硬件上使用 Debian 的用户来说，这已经成为一个问题。


大多数最新的设备和配置都需要非自由固件来使其工作，这包括 Wi-Fi、图形显示等等。


为了解决这个问题，前 Debian 项目负责人、开发者 Steve McIntyre 已经对此积极讨论了一段时间。最近在 DebConf 22 会议上，正如 [Geeker's Digest](https://www.geekersdigest.com/debian-on-the-verge-to-include-non-free-firmware-in-official-releases/) 所发现的那样，Steve 谈到了修复固件的混乱局面，更好地向用户和开发者表明了这一点。


现在社区中讨论的进展是，看起来 Debian 已经启动了一项一般决议，让其利益相关者投票决定如何处理非自由固件的问题。


### Debian 的一般决议提案


这个一般决议案有四个提案（LCTT 译注：原文和官方提案说明不够清晰，我根据理解重新梳理了）：


* 提案 A：改变原有的官方镜像集（安装镜像和实况镜像），Debian 将在官方镜像中包含非自由固件包。包含的固件将在检测到需求时默认启用。然而，它也将包括让用户在启动时禁用的方法。（截止本文发表时的提案支持人数：17）
* 提案 B：不改变原有的镜像集，保留原来的不包含非自由固件的镜像，另外单独提供包含非自由固件的官方镜像。新的镜像下载链接将更醒目以方便新用户找到它们，而原来的镜像的视觉优先级将变低。（截止本文发表时的提案支持人数：10）
* 提案 C：和提案 B 类似，在用户下载不包含自由固件的镜像时，提醒他们还有包含非自由固件的镜像可供下载。（截止本文发表时的提案支持人数：6）
* 提案 D：继续遵守《<ruby> Debian 社会契约 <rt>  Debian Social Contract </rt></ruby>》第 1 节和第 5 节的精神，继续保持现状，不在 Debian 中包含任何非自由软件，但支持它们的使用，并欢迎其他人分发这样的作品。（截止本文发表时的提案支持人数：6）


这些是一些有趣的建议。我认为提案 A 对所有人都很方便，同时给高级用户禁用非自由固件的机会。


你可以在 [官方网页](https://www.debian.org/vote/2022/vote_003#timeline) 中了解更多关于一般决议的信息。


你怎么看？


### 将非自由固件纳入官方发行版中


至于目前的情况，你可以找到带有非自由固件的“**非官方**”的 Debian 镜像。


然而，并不是每个用户都知道它，即使它在 Debian 的下载页面上被宣传，“**非官方**”的说法也不会让用户比推荐的镜像更喜欢。


此外，当用户可以选择任何基于 Ubuntu 的发行版或 Ubuntu 作为替代品时，期望他们安装非自由固件是违反直觉的。


不仅仅限于这些问题，Steve 在他的 [博客](https://blog.einval.com/2022/04/19#firmware-what-do-we-do) 中还提到了其他一些问题，包括：


* 维护独立的非自由镜像是很耗时的。
* 由于缺乏非自由固件，许多用户不喜欢官方镜像。


*那么，你认为 Debian 的一般决议的投票结果是什么？一个单独的介质镜像？还是把它包括在官方镜像中？*




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via: <https://news.itsfoss.com/debian-non-free/>


作者：[Ankush Das](https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/) 选题：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) 译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


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Debian is one of the most loved Linux distributions for its approach to stability and a balance between new features.

But, it does not come with any non-free firmware.

And, that is becoming an issue for users who want to use Debian on newer hardware.

Most of the latest devices and configurations need non-free firmware to make things work, which includes Wi-Fi, graphics, and more.

To address that, **Steve McIntyre**, a Debian developer and a former Debian project leader, has been actively discussing the issue for a while. At the** DebConf 22 conference**, Steve recently talked about fixing the firmware mess to highlight this better to users and developers, as spotted by [Geeker’s Digest](https://www.geekersdigest.com/debian-on-the-verge-to-include-non-free-firmware-in-official-releases/?ref=news.itsfoss.com).**As an update to the discussion** among the community: it looks like Debian has started a general resolution to let its stakeholders vote what to do with non-free firmware.

## Debian's General Resolution Proposals

There are **three proposals** with the general resolution.

**Proposal A:**Debian will include non-free firmware packages on official media installer images. The included firmware will be enabled by default where it detects the requirement. However, it will also include ways for users to disable this at boot.**Proposal B**: Include non-free firmware packages as official media images, but as a**separate offering**alongside the files with no non-free firmware.**Proposal C**: Make distribution media containing packages from non-free section and make it available for download alongside the free media by informing the user what they are downloading.

These are some interesting proposals. I think Proposal A would be convenient for all, while giving advanced users the chance to disable non-free firmware.

You can learn more about the general resolution in the [official page](https://www.debian.org/vote/2022/vote_003?ref=news.itsfoss.com#timeline).

💬 *What do you think?*

## Including Non-Free Firmware in Official Releases

As for the current situation, you can find an unofficial Debian image with non-free firmware.

However, not every user is aware of it, and even if it is promoted on Debian’s download page, **“unofficial**” term is not something a user will prefer over the recommended image.

Furthermore, it is counter-intuitive to expect users to install non-free firmware when they can choose any Ubuntu-based distribution or Ubuntu as an alternative.

Not just limited to these issues, Steve mentioned a few other problems with it in his [blog](https://blog.einval.com/2022/04/19?ref=news.itsfoss.com#firmware-what-do-we-do) that include:

- Maintaining separate non-free images is time-consuming.
- The official images are not preferred by many users because of the lack of non-free firmware.

*So, what do you think Debian's general resolution get vote for? A separate media image? Or include it with the official image? *

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