官方的树莓派 4 外壳很烂！怎么样减少过热？
树莓派 散热
![](/data/attachment/album/202110/04/201826ghpecyb43cxehi4y.jpg)


[树莓派 4](https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-4/) 绝对是数百万人的最爱，特别是在极客社区里，我也不例外。但是你知道树莓派在没有适当冷却的情况下会限制性能吗？


在这里，我将介绍 [树莓派 4 官方外壳](https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-4-case/) 的一些严重缺点，同时也分享一些缓解这些缺点的方法。


![树莓派 4 官方外壳](/data/attachment/album/202110/04/201838f5q4qu4bjo9pu55o.jpg)


在第一次启动后，我的安装在 [树莓派 4 官方外壳](https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-4-case/) 内的树莓派 4（8GB 内存版），在无人值守的升级启动时，会高达 80℃。我在 Ubuntu 上进行了所有的 [固件更新](https://www.einfochips.com/blog/understanding-firmware-updates-the-whats-whys-and-hows/)，显然是为了 [解决发热问题](https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2019/11/29/raspberry-pi-4-firmware-update-pi-4-now-runs-cooler-than-ever/)。


就算在空闲时，这个烫手的香草和草莓蛋糕也绝不会低于 75℃。


我几乎无法使用它，直到我取下外壳顶部的白色盖子。它闲置时的温度降到只有 67℃ 左右 —— 你相信吗？即使是在我重新启动一段时间后再次检查也是这样。很明显，这仍然是不太可接受。如果我买了这个外壳并打算长期使用，我为什么要一直把盖子打开？


为什么会发生这样的事情？这都是因为官方的树莓派外壳的设计非常糟糕。


### 官方的树莓派 4 外壳是一个发热怪物！


简单地说，[热节流](https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/thermal-throttling) 就是降低你的树莓派处理器（CPU）的性能，以使温度不超过极限高温（如 80℃）而 [导致损坏](https://www.pcgamer.com/cpu-temperature-overheat/)。


这个外壳是由塑料制成的，它是热的不良导体（简单的 [传统物理学](https://thermtest.com/stay-colder-for-longer-in-a-container-made-of-plastic-or-metal) 知识），因此无法将热量有效地散布到整个外壳和板子之外。因此，板上的处理器会发热，一旦温度达到惊人的程度，它的性能就会被降到一个极低的水平。我注意到，在第一次开机后，在**无人值守**的情况下进行升级时，CPU 的温度为 80℃，CPU 的使用率为 100%。


虽然这个官方的外壳看起来很美，但它对树莓派的性能造成了很大的影响。


如果你真的想让你的树莓派发挥最大的性能，你也必须负责它的冷却。这些发热问题不能被简单地忽视。


#### 热量被困在内部


一旦你把树莓派安装在这个外壳里，它甚至没有一个通风口可以让多余的热量排出。所以热量就一直在里面积累，直到达到那些疯狂的温度并触发了节流阀。


#### 没有风扇通风口（非常需要）


顶部的白色盖子上可以有一个圆形的通风口，至少可以把 [树莓派 4 的官方风扇](https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-4-case-fan/) 放在上面使用。


#### 没有被动冷却


如果外壳是金属的，它就可以作为散热器，有效地将树莓派板上的处理器的热量散发出去。


#### 除了发热问题之外，还有其他的缺点


树莓派 4 官方外壳还有一些缺点：


1. 不便于 SD 卡管理：将树莓派板子装入外壳内，并将 SD 卡端口放在正确的方向上，以便以后能够换卡，这不是很方便。
2. 没有螺丝钉系统：没有提供螺丝，也许是因为它可能会破坏机箱底座上的假支架，这些假支架看起来就像你可以用四颗螺丝把板子牢牢地固定在底座上。


### 你可以做什么来控制树莓派 4 的过热？


在做了一些紧张的研究之后，我找到了市场上一些最好的冷却解决方案 —— 这一切都要归功于我们了不起的改装社区。


#### 使用冰塔式冷却器


我首先发现了 [Jeff Geerling's](https://www.jeffgeerling.com/blog/2019/best-way-keep-your-cool-running-raspberry-pi-4) 对各种树莓派散热器的深入性能评估，他在网上被称为 [geerlingguy](https://www.jeffgeerling.com/about)。在看完温度统计后，我直接选择了冰塔式散热器，并组装了它：


![树莓派 4 冰塔冷却器](/data/attachment/album/202110/04/201839y6xjqj7l1vc5qlre.jpg)


它空闲和低载时的温度下降到 30℃，现在保持在 45℃ 左右。我还没有为它改装一个合适的外壳。我准备找个给冷却器提供了足够的空间的现成外壳。也许可以在亚马逊或其他网上商店找到这种外壳。


但我没有找到这种产品。


#### 使用铝制散热器进行被动散热


网上也有一个关于 [被动冷却](https://buildabroad.org/2016/11/05/passive-cooling/) 的出色视频，测评了一个用铝制散热片做的外壳。


它提供了一个热垫，它相当于台式机处理器上使用的散热膏。按照视频中显示的方式放置它，热量就会从树莓派板上的处理器散发到整个外壳内。这就是科学的神奇之处！


#### 改装官方的树莓派外壳


如果你仍然想买官方的外壳，建议你至少要做一个风扇的改装。


### 潜在的制造解决方案


这里有一些解决方案，通过应用 [DevOps](https://linuxhandbook.com/what-is-devops/) 启发的改进，可以使整个制造过程更容易。


* 想一想，从外壳顶部切下的那块圆形塑料可以回收，用来制造更多的树莓派 4 外壳，不是吗？这显然会是一个双赢的局面，同时也降低了成本!
* 铝是地球上最丰富的金属，但 [全球供应中断](https://www.reuters.com/article/global-metals-idUSL1N2Q90GA) 可能是一个挑战。即使如此，还有其他的 [导电性解决方案](https://news.mit.edu/2018/engineers-turn-plastic-insulator-heat-conductor-0330) 来探索用于设计案例的材料！


### 总结


希望这篇文章能帮助你从树莓派 4 中获得最大的收益。我很想知道你的想法、建议和经验，请在下面的评论中留言。请不要犹豫地分享。




---


via: <https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-case-overheating/>


作者：[Avimanyu Bandyopadhyay](https://itsfoss.com/author/avimanyu/) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
The [Raspberry Pi 4](https://itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-4/) is an absolute favorite among millions of people, especially in the nerd community, and I’m no exception. But did you know that the Pi throttles without proper cooling?

Here, I’m going to describe some serious drawbacks in the [Official Raspberry Pi 4 Case](https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-4-case/) and also share some ways to mitigate them.

![raspberry pi 4 official case](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/09/raspberry-pi-4-official-case-800x533.webp)

After the first boot, my Raspberry Pi 4 (8 GB RAM version) mounted inside the [Official Raspberry Pi 4 case](https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-4-case/), would shoot to 80 °C when the unattended upgrades kicked in. I was on Ubuntu with all [firmware updates](https://www.einfochips.com/blog/understanding-firmware-updates-the-whats-whys-and-hows/) that are apparently supposed to [fix heating issues](https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2019/11/29/raspberry-pi-4-firmware-update-pi-4-now-runs-cooler-than-ever/).

On idle, this hot vanilla and strawberry cake would never go less than 75°C.

I could hardly use it until I removed the top white cover of the case. The temperature dropped to only around 67 °C on idle — Can you believe that? Even after I double-checked after a while with a reboot. This, obviously, still isn’t also quite acceptable. If I got the case and plan to use it for long-term purpose, why would I want to keep the case lid open all the time?

And why is something like this happening? It’s all because of a very poor design of the official Raspberry Pi case.

## The Official Raspberry Pi 4 Case is a Heat Monster!

[Thermal throttling](https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/thermal-throttling) in simple terms, is a reduction in the performance of your Pi processor (CPU) so that the temperature does not exceed extremely high temperatures (such as 80 °C) and [cause damage](https://www.pcgamer.com/cpu-temperature-overheat/).

The case is built out of plastic — a poor conductor of heat (simple [old school physics](https://thermtest.com/stay-colder-for-longer-in-a-container-made-of-plastic-or-metal)), and hence is unable to dissipate it effectively throughout the case and out of the Pi board. Therefore, the processor on the Pi board heats up and gets throttled down to an extremely inferior level of performance, once it literally reaches a temperature of an alarming degree. I noticed a 100% CPU usage during * unattended upgrades* right after first boot with the CPU’s temperature at 80 °C.

Beautiful though it may look, the official case delivers a big blow to the Pi’s performance.

If you really want to get the most out of your Pi’s performance, you must take care of its cooling too. These heating issues cannot simply be ignored:

### Heat gets trapped

Once you set up the Pi inside this case there is not even a single vent for that excess heat to escape. So it keeps getting accumulated inside until it reaches those crazy temps and triggers the throttle.

### No fan outlet (badly needed)

The top white cover could have had a circular vent on top of the case for at least the [Official Raspberry Pi 4 Fan](https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-4-case-fan/).

### No passive cooling

If the case had been of metal, it could have doubled up as heat-sink and dissipate the heat efficiently out of the processor residing on the Pi board.

### Other drawbacks apart from heating issues

The official Pi 4 case has a few more drawbacks:

- Inconvenient SD Card Management: It is not very convenient to assemble the Pi board inside the case and get the SD card port in the correct orientation to be able to switch cards later on.
- No Screwing System: No screws are provided, maybe because it could break the dummy holders on the base of the case that almost look like you could use four screws to fix the board securely onto the base.

## What can you do to control the overheating in Raspberry Pi 4?

After doing some intense research, I found some of the best cooling solutions available in the market – all thanks to our amazing modding community!

### Use an ice tower cooler

I first found [an in-depth performance review of various Pi coolers at Jeff Geerling’s](https://www.jeffgeerling.com/blog/2019/best-way-keep-your-cool-running-raspberry-pi-4), who is known online as ** geerlingguy**. I straightaway went for the ICE tower cooler after going through the temperature stats and assembled it:

![raspberry pi 4 ice tower cooler](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/09/raspberry-pi-4-ice-tower-cooler.webp)

[lasso box=”B07V35SXMC” link_id=”21354″ ref=”geeekpi-raspberry-pi-cooling-fan-raspberry-pi-ice-tower-cooler-rgb-cooling-fan-with-raspberry-pi-heatsink-for-raspberry-pi-4-model-b-raspberry-pi-3b-raspberry-pi-3-model-b” id=”101740″]

Temperatures dropped to 30 °C on idle and under load, it now stays at around 45 °C. I’m yet to mod a proper case for it. There are ready to purchase cases with enough space for the cooler. You may find such cases on Amazon or other online stores.

Preview | Product | Price | |
---|---|---|---|

![]() |


[KVM Switch HDMI 2 Port Box,ABLEWE USB and HDMI Switch for 2 Computers Share Keyboard Mouse Printer...](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08NVKHRRT?tag=chmod7mediate-20&linkCode=ogi&th=1&psc=1)[Buy on Amazon](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08NVKHRRT?tag=chmod7mediate-20&linkCode=ogi&th=1&psc=1)### Use an aluminum heat sink for passive cooling

There is also a remarkable video online on [passive cooling](https://buildabroad.org/2016/11/05/passive-cooling/), reviewing an aluminum heat-sink-as-a-case.

A thermal pad is provided, which is equivalent to the thermal paste used on Desktop processors. On placing it in the manner shown in the video, the heat is dissipated out of the processor on the Pi board throughout the whole case. A wonderful magic of science!

Preview | Product | Price | |
---|---|---|---|

![]() |


[KVM Switch HDMI 2 Port Box,ABLEWE USB and HDMI Switch for 2 Computers Share Keyboard Mouse Printer...](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08NVKHRRT?tag=chmod7mediate-20&linkCode=ogi&th=1&psc=1)[Buy on Amazon](https://www.amazon.com/dp/B08NVKHRRT?tag=chmod7mediate-20&linkCode=ogi&th=1&psc=1)### Modding the official Pi case

If you still want to get the official case, it is advisable to at-least go for a fan mod:

## Potential Manufacturing Solutions

Here are some solutions that can make the whole process of manufacturing easier, by applying [DevOps](https://linuxhandbook.com/what-is-devops/) inspired improvements:

- Think about it, that circular piece of plastic cut out from the top of the cover could be recycled to manufacture so many more Pi 4 cases in production. Isn’t it? It would clearly be a win-win scenario and also lowers costs as well!

- Aluminium is the most abundant metal on earth, but
[global supply disruptions](https://www.reuters.com/article/global-metals-idUSL1N2Q90GA)can be challenging. Even then, there are other[conductivity solutions](https://news.mit.edu/2018/engineers-turn-plastic-insulator-heat-conductor-0330)to explore materials used for the designing the case.

**Personal Notes**

Hope this write-up helps you in getting the most out of your Raspberry Pi 4. It’s been a quite a while since I used to write here on ** It’s FOSS**. Feels good to be back. I’d love to know your thoughts, suggestions, and experiences down in the comments below. Please do not hesitate to share.