FreeDOS 入门
FreeDOS DOS

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> 它看起来像复古计算，但它是一个现代的操作系统，你可以用它来完成任务。
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![](/data/attachment/album/202106/16/123557an8ybzgnqg833vz4.jpg "Old UNIX computer")


在整个 1980 年代和 1990 年代，我主要是一个 DOS 用户。我喜欢 DOS 提供的命令行环境，它随着每一个连续的版本变得更加强大。我甚至学会了如何用 C 语言编写自己的 DOS 程序，这样我就可以扩展 DOS 命令行，并为标准的 DOS 命令编写更强大的替代程序。我曾经试验过微软的 Windows，但如果你记得当时的 Windows 3，你就会知道它很慢，而且容易崩溃。但无论如何我更喜欢命令行，所以我坚持使用 DOS。


这一切在 1994 年发生了变化。流行的技术杂志谈到了即将到来的 Windows 版本，它将完全废除 DOS。我不想被迫使用 Windows。在我访问的 Usenet 讨论区中，其他人也有同样的感觉。所以在 [1994 年 6 月 29 日](https://groups.google.com/g/comp.os.msdos.apps/c/oQmT4ETcSzU/m/O1HR8PE2u-EJ)，我认为如果我们想保留 DOS，我们需要自己编写。所以在 6 月 29 日，我宣布了一个小项目，这个项目后来成为 [FreeDOS 项目](https://www.freedos.org/)。


从那时起，我们已经发布了几个完整的 FreeDOS 发行版。我们从 1994 年到 1997 年的 alpha 系列开始，再到 1998 年到 2005 年的 beta 系列，最后在 2006 年发布了 FreeDOS 1.0 版本。从那时起，进展是缓慢但稳定的。在 1.0 之后，我们并没有真正急于发布每个新版本，因为 DOS 在 1995 年不再是一个变动的目标。


从 1.0 开始的每一个 FreeDOS 发行版都是对现代 DOS 的不断重新想象。我们已经包括了很多编译器和汇编器，供开发人员编写软件。我们还提供了许多“强大工具”，以便你可以做真正的工作。我们还提供了各种编辑器，因为每个人都有自己的最爱。


我们最近发布了 FreeDOS 1.3 RC4 发行版。从技术上讲，这是我们即将推出的 FreeDOS 1.3 发行版的候选版本，但它是一个全功能的发行版。我对 FreeDOS 1.3 RC4 的所有功能感到非常兴奋。


### 无需安装 FreeDOS 即可运行 FreeDOS


在我们以前所有的 FreeDOS 发行版中，我们把重点放在 *安装* FreeDOS 到电脑上。但我们认识到，大多数用户实际上已经不在实际硬件上运行 FreeDOS 了。他们在 [像 QEMU 或 VirtualBox 这样的虚拟机](https://opensource.com/article/20/8/virt-tools) 中运行 FreeDOS。所以在 FreeDOS 1.3 RC4 中，我们改进了 “LiveCD” 环境。


通过 FreeDOS 1.3 RC4，你可以在你喜欢的虚拟机中启动 LiveCD 镜像，并立即开始使用 FreeDOS。这就是我现在运行 FreeDOS 的方式。我有一个小的虚拟硬盘镜像，我把所有的文件都放在那里，但我从 LiveCD 启动并运行 FreeDOS。


![Booting the FreeDOS 1.3 RC4 LiveCD on QEMU](/data/attachment/album/202106/16/123604cc1nc4fjxcep09cc.png "Booting the FreeDOS 1.3 RC4 LiveCD")


*启动 FreeDOS 1.3 RC4 LiveCD （Jim Hall, [CC-BY SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)）*


### 安装真的很简单


如果你不想从 LiveCD 上运行 FreeDOS，你也可以在你的硬盘上安装它。我们更新了 FreeDOS 的安装程序，所以它本身并不是一个真正的“程序”，而是一个非常聪明的 DOS “批处理”文件，它可以检测到各种情况并采取适当的行动，例如在没有 FreeDOS 分区的情况下为其创建一个新的磁盘分区。


旧的 FreeDOS 发行版会提示你各种问题，甚至选择个别程序来安装。新的安装程序非常精简。它只问你几个问题就开始了，然后就自己做其他事情。在一个空的虚拟机上安装 FreeDOS 只需要几分钟时间。


![Installing FreeDOS 1.3 RC4](/data/attachment/album/202106/16/123604cos9cvrvsloz5g5z.png "Installing FreeDOS 1.3 RC4")


*安装FreeDOS 1.3 RC4 （Jim Hall, [CC-BY SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)）*


### 你可以从软盘安装它


不是每个人都喜欢在虚拟机中运行 FreeDOS。现在有一个复古计算社区，他们收集并精心修复经典的 PC 硬件，如 Pentium 或 486 系统。你甚至可以在那里找到一些 XT（8088）或 AT（80286）系统，它由一个专门的用户社区运营。


虽然我们认为 FreeDOS 是一个现代的 DOS，但如果我们不在旧的 PC 硬件上运行，我们就不是 “DOS” 了。因此，在 FreeDOS 1.3 中，我们包含了一个纯软盘版！这个版本可以运行在任何硬件上。这个版本应该可以在任何可以运行 FreeDOS 的硬件上运行，并且有 EGA 或更好的图形。


你在运行 286 或其他没有 CD-ROM 驱动器的经典系统吗？从这些软盘安装 FreeDOS。你是否只有一个硬盘而没有 CD 或软盘驱动器？只要把软盘的内容复制到一个临时目录，然后从那里运行安装程序。想执行“无交互外设方式”安装到不同的 DOS 目录吗？用命令行选项就可以了。


纯软盘版使用一个完全不同的安装程序，并包含一套有限的 FreeDOS 程序，它们在经典的 PC 硬件上更有用。


![Installing the FreeDOS Floppy-Only Edition](/data/attachment/album/202106/16/123605bcnpiew4k34nqs2s.png "Installing the FreeDOS Floppy-Only Edition")


*安装FreeDOS纯软盘版 （Jim Hall, [CC-BY SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)）*


### 充满了开源应用和游戏


如果 FreeDOS 是一个闭源的 DOS，它就不是一个 *自由* 的 DOS。我们希望每个人都能使用和研究 FreeDOS，包括其源代码。当我们计划 FreeDOS 1.3 发行版时，我们仔细检查了每个软件包中的每一个许可证，并专注于只包括 *开源* 程序。（在以前的 FreeDOS 发行版中，有几个程序并不完全“开源”，还有一两个程序没有包括源码，但是可以“自由使用和发布”。在这个版本中，所有的东西都是开源的，以“开源定义”作为我们的模型。）


而且，这是一个多么棒的开源应用和游戏的集合。游戏是 FreeDOS 1.3 RC4 中我最喜欢的内容。许多人使用 FreeDOS 来玩经典的 DOS 游戏，但我们想提供我们自己的开源游戏给人们玩。


你可以发现 LiveCD 中已经安装了两个游戏：Simple Senet（可以追溯到古埃及的棋盘游戏）和 Floppy Bird（Flappy Bird 游戏的一个版本）。如果你安装了 FreeDOS，你还会发现很多其他游戏可以尝试，包括 Sudoku86（一个数独游戏）、Wing（一个太空射击游戏）和 Bolitaire（单人纸牌游戏）。


![Playing the Floppy Bird game](/data/attachment/album/202106/16/123605pbv58vbv8whkbhuk.png "Playing the Floppy Bird game")


*玩 Floppy Bird 游戏 （Jim Hall, [CC-BY SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)）*


![The ancient game of Senet](/data/attachment/album/202106/16/123605qpxh5rhshshh58r8.png "The ancient game of Senet")


*古老的 Senet 游戏 （Jim Hall, [CC-BY SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)）*


### 现在就试试 FreeDOS 1.3 RC4


你可以在 FreeDOS 的 [下载](https://www.freedos.org/download/) 页面上找到新的 FreeDOS 1.3 RC4。要安装 FreeDOS，你需要至少 20MB 的可用磁盘空间：20MB 用来安装一个普通的 FreeDOS 系统，或者 250MB 用来安装所有，包括应用和游戏。要安装源码，你将需要高达 450MB 的可用空间。




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via: <https://opensource.com/article/21/6/get-started-freedos>


作者：[Jim Hall](https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
Throughout the 1980s and into the 1990s, I was primarily a DOS user. I loved the command line environment offered in DOS, which became more powerful with each successive release. I even learned how to write my own DOS programs in the C programming language so I could extend the DOS command line, and write more powerful replacements for the standard DOS commands. I'd experimented with Microsoft's Windows—but if you remember Windows 3 from that time, you know it was slow and tended to crash. But I preferred the command line anyway, so I stuck to DOS.

That all changed in 1994. Popular tech magazines talked about an upcoming version of Windows that would completely do away with DOS. I didn't want to be forced to Windows. On the discussion boards I visited on Usenet, others felt the same. So [on 29 June 1994](https://groups.google.com/g/comp.os.msdos.apps/c/oQmT4ETcSzU/m/O1HR8PE2u-EJ), I decided that if we wanted to keep DOS, we needed to write our own. So on June 29, I announced a small project that would become [The FreeDOS Project](https://www.freedos.org/).

Since then, we've released several full distributions of FreeDOS. We started with the alpha series from 1994 to 1997, the beta series from 1998 to 2005, before finally releasing the FreeDOS 1.0 distribution in 2006. Progress has been slow but steady since then. We haven't really been rushed to release each new version after 1.0, because DOS stopped being a moving target in 1995.


Each FreeDOS distribution since 1.0 has been a continual re-imagining of what a modern DOS might look like. We've included lots of compilers, assemblers for developers to write software. We also provide lots of "power tools" so you can do real work. And we offer a variety of editors because everyone has their favorite.

We recently released the FreeDOS 1.3 RC4 distribution. This is technically a release candidate towards our upcoming FreeDOS 1.3 distribution, but it's a full-featured distribution. I'm very excited about all the great features in FreeDOS 1.3 RC4.

## Run FreeDOS without installing FreeDOS

In all our previous FreeDOS distributions, we focused on *installing* FreeDOS to a computer. But we recognize that most users don't actually run FreeDOS on actual hardware anymore—they run FreeDOS in [a virtual machine like QEMU or VirtualBox](https://opensource.com/article/20/8/virt-tools). So in FreeDOS 1.3 RC4, we improved the "LiveCD" environment.

With FreeDOS 1.3 RC4, you can just boot the LiveCD image in your favorite virtual machine, and start using FreeDOS right away. That's how I run FreeDOS now; I have a small virtual hard drive image where I store all my files, but I boot and run FreeDOS from the LiveCD.

![Booting the FreeDOS 1.3 RC4 LiveCD Booting the FreeDOS 1.3 RC4 LiveCD on QEMU](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/freedos-livecd.png)

opensource.com

Booting the FreeDOS 1.3 RC4 LiveCD

## Installing is really easy

If you don't want to run FreeDOS from the LiveCD, you can also install it on your hard drive. We updated the installer in FreeDOS so it's not really a "program" per se, but instead is a very smart DOS "batch" file that detects all sorts of things and takes the appropriate action, like creating a new disk partition for FreeDOS if none exist already.

Older FreeDOS distributions used to prompt you for everything, even selecting individual programs to install. The new installer is very streamlined. It asks you a few questions to get started, then does everything else on its own. Installing FreeDOS on an empty virtual machine takes only a few minutes.

![Installing FreeDOS 1.3 RC4 Installing FreeDOS 1.3 RC4](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/install6.png)

opensource.com

Installing FreeDOS 1.3 RC4

## You can install it from floppy

Not everyone prefers to run FreeDOS in a virtual machine. There's a retrocomputing community out there that collects and lovingly restores classic PC hardware like Pentium or '486 systems. You can even find some XT (8088) or AT (80286) systems out there, kept running by a dedicated user community.

And while we consider FreeDOS a *modern* DOS, we wouldn't be "DOS" if we didn't also run on the older PC hardware too. So with FreeDOS 1.3, we include a Floppy-Only Edition! This edition should run on any hardware that can run FreeDOS and has EGA or better graphics.

Are you running a '286 or another classic system without a CD-ROM drive? Install from these floppies to install FreeDOS. Do you have just one hard drive and no CD or floppy drive? Just copy the contents of the floppies to a temporary directory and run the installer from there. Want to perform a "headless" install to a different DOS directory? It's easy with the command-line options.

The Floppy-Only Edition uses a completely different installer and contains a limited FreeDOS set of programs that are more useful on classic PC hardware.

![Installing the FreeDOS Floppy-Only Edition Installing the FreeDOS Floppy-Only Edition](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/freedos-floppy.png)

opensource.com

Installing the FreeDOS Floppy-Only Edition

## Filled with open source apps and games

FreeDOS isn't a *free* DOS if it's a closed source DOS. We want everyone to be able to use and study FreeDOS, including its source code. As we planned the FreeDOS 1.3 distribution, we took a close look at every license in every package and focused on including only *open source* programs. (A few programs in previous FreeDOS distributions were not quite "open source," and one or two programs didn't include source code but were otherwise "free to use and distribute." In this release, everything is open source, using the Open Source Definition as our model.)

And what a great collection of open source apps and games. The games are my favorite addition to FreeDOS 1.3 RC4. Many people use FreeDOS to play classic DOS games, but we wanted to provide our own open source games for people to play.

You can find two games already installed in the LiveCD: Simple Senet (a board game dating to ancient Egypt) and Floppy Bird (a version of the Flappy Bird game). If you install FreeDOS, you'll also find lots of other games to try, including Sudoku86 (a sudoku game), Wing (a space shooter), and Bolitaire (solitaire card game).

![Playing the Floppy Bird game Playing the Floppy Bird game](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/floppy-bird.png)

opensource.com

Playing the Floppy Bird game

![The ancient game of Senet The ancient game of Senet](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/simple-senet.png)

opensource.com

The ancient game of Senet

## Try FreeDOS 1.3 RC4 now

You can find the new FreeDOS 1.3 RC4 from the FreeDOS website, on our [Downloads](https://www.freedos.org/download/) page. To install FreeDOS, you'll need at least 20MB of free disk space: 20MB to install a plain FreeDOS system, or 250MB to install everything, including applications and games. To install the source code too, you'll need up to 450MB of free space.

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