11 个不可变 Linux 发行版，适合那些想要拥抱未来的人们
不可变 Linux 发行版
![](/data/attachment/album/202305/24/184803mjbi3itft6iif88c.jpg)



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> 不可变性是一种时下流行的概念。看看有哪些适合你的不可变 Linux 发行版。
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每个发行版都是根据一系列目的而定制的。一些配置适用于 [旧计算机](https://itsfoss.com/lightweight-linux-beginners/)，一些旨在提供 [优质的用户体验](https://itsfoss.com/beautiful-linux-distributions/)，而一些则专注于安全性。


几年前，不可变发行版不是用户想要的。但是，最近越来越多的项目正在将不可变性作为 Linux 发行版的核心特征。


为什么会这样？有哪些可供选择？在你查看此列表之前，让我简要地向你介绍不可变性的更多内容：


### 什么是不可变 Linux 发行版？


不可变发行版确保操作系统的核心保持不变。对于不可变发行版来说，根文件系统保持为只读状态使得它可以在多个实例中保持相同。当然，如果你希望更改某些内容，则仍可以进行更改。但默认情况下该能力会被禁用。


它有什么用处？


传统上，不可变发行版存在的目的是为了方便测试和基于容器的软件开发。此外，不可变性为你的操作系统提供了更好的安全性和可靠的更新。


早期，这种特性的关注点主要集中在针对专业人士和开发人员的发行版上。现在，它开始应用于日常桌面用户。



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> ? 以下列表并没有按照任何特定的排名顺序列出，并且某些发行版仍处于早期开发阶段。
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### 1、carbonOS


![carbon os screenshot with gnome menu](/data/attachment/album/202305/24/184920ylluuuppa7atgx9u.png)


在写这篇文章时，[carbonOS](https://carbon.sh/) 是一款仍未推出的独立 Linux 发行版。它专注于提供强大的技术和流畅的用户体验。


它采用 Flatpak 优先和容器优先的方法。carbonOS 还旨在提供安全的系统更新，并提供一些不是所有原子发行版都具备的功能，如经过验证的启动。


除了其独特的特点外，它还希望专注于为用户提供出色的 GNOME 桌面体验。


### 2、Fedora Silverblue


![fedora workstation screenshot](/data/attachment/album/202305/24/184920jjbgbz005gzx0n25.jpg)


[Silverblue](https://silverblue.fedoraproject.org/) 是具有不可变性的 Fedora Workstation 的变种，是最受欢迎的不可变发行版之一。


用户界面和体验与普通的 Fedora Workstation 发行版保持一致。每当有新的 Fedora 版本发布时，也会有一个新的 Silverblue 版本。


Fedora Silverblue 旨在提供稳定的体验，适用于测试和基于容器的软件开发。如果更新后出现问题，你总是可以回滚到该操作系统的先前版本。


### 3、Flatcar Container Linux


![flatcar linux](/data/attachment/album/202305/24/184920wkqhztts0ynf3fh9.jpg)


正如名字所示，这是一个专门针对容器工作负载而定制的社区构建版 Linux 发行版。


你将获得一个最小化的操作系统镜像，其中仅包括运行容器所需的工具，没有包管理器，也无需配置。


如果你想为你的容器提供可靠的底层，那么 [Flatcar](https://www.flatcar.org/) 可能是一个不错的选择，因为它同时具有可伸缩性、安全性和简单性。请在其 [GitHub 页面](https://github.com/flatcar/Flatcar) 上了解更多信息。


### 4、openSUSE MicroOS


![opensuse microos](/data/attachment/album/202305/24/184921tgbudigb5dzdz8vj.jpg)


[openSUSE MicroOS](https://microos.opensuse.org/) 是为需要部署容器或处理自动化工作流程的服务器而构建的。


它依赖于事务性更新（使用 Btrfs 进行快照），这有助于保存文件系统的历史记录而不占用太多存储空间。


总的来说，MicroOS 是服务器用户的一个可扩展、可靠和安全的选项。


### 5、Vanilla OS


![vanilla os](/data/attachment/album/202305/24/184921k13shhj0qtfyttfm.jpg)


[Vanilla OS](https://vanillaos.org/) 是不可变性领域中的一个相对较新的参与者。但是，它在发布后成功引起了轰动，并在第一个稳定版发布后切换到了以 Debian 为基础，放弃了 Ubuntu。


它旨在提供易于使用的桌面体验，同时具备可靠性和不可变性特征。


### 6、Bottlerocket


[Bottlerocket](https://aws.amazon.com/bottlerocket/) 是由 AWS 构建的基于 Linux 的开源操作系统，旨在在其平台上运行容器。


与其他选项不同，它的使用仅限于 AWS。


它确保使用 AWS 服务的客户具有最少的维护开销，并且可以无缝地自动化其工作流程。创建 EC2（<ruby> 亚马逊弹性计算云 <rt>  Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud </rt></ruby>）时，你只能将其用作 AMI（<ruby> 亚马逊机器镜像 <rt>  Amazon Machine Image </rt></ruby>） 使用。


### 7、blendOS


![blendOS](/data/attachment/album/202305/24/185023m9zr9875kc2ex7k7.jpg)


[blendOS](https://blendos.co/) 是一个正在开发中的有趣发行版，旨在提供其他发行版的各种优点。


换句话说，你可以在发行版上安装任何类型的软件包（RPM、DEB 等），同时获得所期望的不可变性和更新可靠性。


### 8、Talos Linux


![talos linux](/data/attachment/album/202305/24/184921tk2ds11kc7sx3kid.jpg)


另一个独特的 Linux 发行版，专为 Kubernetes 设计。[Talos Linux](https://www.talos.dev/) 对于云用户/开发人员来说是一个有趣的选择。


它是安全、不可变的，是支持云平台、裸机和虚拟化平台的最小化选择之一。你还可以在 Docker 中轻松启动 Talos 集群。


该操作系统从 [SquashFS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SquashFS) 中运行在内存中，这样整个主磁盘都可以留给 Kubernetes。


### 9、NixOS


![](/data/attachment/album/202305/24/184921y6f5p6fbf7f060s5.png)


[NixOS](https://nixos.org/) 是当前 [最先进的 Linux 发行版](https://itsfoss.com/advanced-linux-distros/) 之一。如果你想要不可变性以及易于恢复、强大的软件包管理器等诸多好处，那么 NixOS 将是一个很好的选择。


如果你还不了解 NixOS，也不用担心，可以浏览我们的 [NixOS 系列文章](https://itsfoss.com/tag/nix-os/) 来学习并进行设置。


### 10、GUIX


![](/data/attachment/album/202305/24/184924hq9sy91w5ouz2ly9.png)


[GUIX](https://guix.gnu.org/) 类似于 NixOS（某种程度上），并且专为希望获得可靠升级和良好系统控制的高级用户而设计。


如果你是一名新的 Linux 用户，不应将其视为你的日常操作系统。因此，你可能需要查阅 [文档](https://guix.gnu.org/en/help/) 以便浏览并开始使用。


### 11、Endless OS


![](/data/attachment/album/202305/24/184924dagwhac13awdy5a9.jpg)


[Endless OS](https://endlessos.com/) 是一个基于 Debian 的 Linux 发行版。


与其它基于 Debian 的发行版（例如 Ubuntu）不同，Endless OS 采用了健壮的设计，在其核心实现了不可变性，以确保更新一个软件包不会破坏系统。


? 你对不可变的 Linux 发行版有何看法？你需要它们吗？你是否想在未来将你系统上的流行选项替换为其中任何一个？


*（题图：MJ/6c0169a0-9820-4bf7-b9fb-f0cd2c45d7bf）*




---


via: <https://itsfoss.com/immutable-linux-distros/>


作者：[Ankush Das](https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/) 选题：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed/) 译者：ChatGPT 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
![Warp Terminal](/assets/images/warp-terminal.webp)


![Warp Terminal](/assets/images/warp-terminal.webp)

Every distro is tailored for a range of purposes. Some are configured to work on [old computers](https://itsfoss.com/lightweight-linux-beginners/), some aim to [great user experience](https://itsfoss.com/beautiful-linux-distributions/) and some focus on security.

Immutable distributions were not what users wanted a couple of years back. But, recently, more projects are focusing on the immutability aspect as a core feature of the Linux distribution.

Why is that? And, what are all the options available? Before you get to the list, let me briefly tell you more about immutability:

## What is an immutable Linux distro?

An immutable distro ensures that the operating system's core remains unchanged. The root file system for an immutable distro remains read-only, making it possible to stay the same across multiple instances. Of course, you can change things if you would like to. But, the ability remains disabled by default.

How is it useful?

Traditionally, immutable distributions existed to allow for easier testing and container-based software development. Furthermore, immutability provides you with better security and reliable updates for your operating system.

Back then, the focus on such features was limited to distros aimed for professionals and developers. Now, it is being incorporated for daily desktop users.

## 1. carbonOS

![carbon os screenshot with gnome menu](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/03/carbon-os-screenshot.png)

[carbonOS](https://carbon.sh/) is an upcoming independent Linux distro (at the time of writing this). It focuses on providing a seamless user experience with robust tech at its core.

It takes a Flatpak-first and container-first approach. carbonOS also aims to provide safe system updates, and verified boot as some features that not all atomic distros offer.

In addition to its unique traits, it also wants to focus on providing an excellent GNOME desktop experience to users.

**Suggested Read 📖**

[carbonOS: This Upcoming Independent Distro is All About UX and Robust ExperiencecarbonOS is a new upcoming distro on the radar. Explore more about it here.](https://news.itsfoss.com/carbonos/)![](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/03/carbon-os-first-look.png)


![](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/03/carbon-os-first-look.png)

## 2. Fedora Silverblue

![fedora workstation screenshot](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/03/fedora-37-silverblue.jpg)

[Silverblue](https://silverblue.fedoraproject.org) is a variant of Fedora Workstation with immutability. It is one of the most popular immutable distributions out there.

The user interface and the experience remains unchanged from a typical Fedora Workstation release. Whenever you have a new Fedora release, expect a new Silverblue release as well.

Fedora Silverblue aims to offer a stable experience which is useful for testing and container-based software development. You can always roll back to the previous version of the operating system if something goes wrong after an update.

## 3. Flatcar Container Linux

![flatcar linux](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/03/flatcar-linux.jpg)

A community-built Linux distribution tailored for container workloads, as the name suggests.

You get a minimal OS image that includes only the tools needed to run containers, no package manager, and no configuration hassle.

If you want to have a reliable infrastructure for your containers, [Flatcar](https://www.flatcar.org) can be a nice option that is scalable, secure, and simple at the same time. Explore more about it on its [GitHub page](https://github.com/flatcar/Flatcar).

## 4. NixOS

![nixos](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/nix-os-tag.png)

[NixOS](https://nixos.org) is one of the most [advanced Linux distributions](https://itsfoss.com/advanced-linux-distros/) available. But if you want immutability and a bunch of perks like easy recovery, robust package manager, etc., NixOS should be a great pick.

Fret not, if you do not know about NixOS, you can explore our [NixOS series](https://itsfoss.com/tag/nix-os/) to learn and set it up.

[Getting Started With NixOS LinuxA tutorial series to help you get familiar with the immutable NixOS Linux distribution.](https://itsfoss.com/tag/nix-os/)![](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/03/nix-os-tag.png)


![](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/03/nix-os-tag.png)

## 5. GUIX

![guix](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/guix-ui.png)

[GUIX](https://guix.gnu.org) is similar to NixOS (kind of) and tailored for advanced users wanting reliable upgrades and good control over their systems.

If you are a new Linux user, you should not expect it to be your daily driver. So, you might want to go through its [documentation](https://guix.gnu.org/en/help/) to explore and get started.

## 6. openSUSE MicroOS

![opensuse microos](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/03/opensuse-micro-os.jpg)

[openSUSE MicroOS](https://microos.opensuse.org) is built for servers where one needs to deploy containers or work with automated workflows.

It relies on transactional updates utilizing btrfs with snapshots, that helps save the file system's history without occupying much storage space.

Overall, MicroOS is a scalable, reliable, and secure option for server users.

## 7. Vanilla OS

![vanilla os](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/03/vanilla-os.jpg)

[Vanilla OS](https://vanillaos.org) is a fairly new entrant to the immutability space. However, it managed to make waves with its release, and then switching to a Debian base, ditching Ubuntu right after its first stable release.

It aims to provide an easy-to-use desktop experience with reliability and immutable features.

## 8. Bottlerocket

[Bottlerocket](https://aws.amazon.com/bottlerocket/) is a Linux-based open-source OS built by Amazon Web Services to run containers on its platform.

Unlike other options, its usage is limited to AWS.

It ensures that the customers using AWS services have minimal maintenance overhead and get to automate their workflows seamlessly. You can only use it as an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) when you create an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2).

## 9. blendOS

![blendOS](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/03/blend-os.jpg)

[blendOS](https://blendos.co) is an interesting distro in development which aims to provide all the good things from other distributions.

In other words, you can install any package on the distro (RPM, DEB, etc.) while getting the immutability and update reliability as one would expect.

**Suggested Read 📖**

[blendOS Aims to Replace All Linux DistributionsUbuntu Unity’s lead has come up with a new distro that sounds like something everyone might want to keep an eye on.](https://news.itsfoss.com/blendos/)![](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/03/blendOS-first-look.png)


![](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/03/blendOS-first-look.png)

## 10. Talos Linux

![talos linux](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/03/talos-linux.jpg)

Yet another unique Linux distribution, designed for Kubernetes. [Talos Linux](https://www.talos.dev) is an intriguing option for cloud users/developers.

It is secure, immutable, and a minimal option that supports cloud platforms, bare metal, and virtualization platforms. You can easily launch a Talos cluster inside Docker too.

The OS runs in memory from a [SquashFS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SquashFS), which leaves the entire primary disk to Kubernetes.

## 11. Endless OS

![endless os](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/05/endless-os.jpg)

[Endless OS](https://endlessos.com) is a Linux distribution based on Debian.

Unlike any other Debian-based distro (say, Ubuntu), Endless OS features a robust design with immutability at its heart to ensure updating a package does not break the system.

## 12. Nitrux

![nitrux os](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2024/01/nitrux-os.png)

[Nitrux](https://nxos.org) is a Debian-based distribution with a unique approach to things, along with the support for atomic upgrades (making it an immutable option).

It features KDE Plasma as its desktop, and aims to provide a good user experience with all of its custom tweaks.

*💬 What do you think about immutable Linux distros? Do you need them? Do you want to replace the popular options on your system with any of these in the future?*