OpenStack，开源云十年
OpenStack

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> 到了 2010 年，“云”和“开源软件”都成为主流，但它们还没有结合起来。后来，美国宇航局和 Rackspace 联手发布了第一个开源云 OpenStack，世界从此改变。
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![](/data/attachment/album/202007/16/170034l77d7l827lro8o01.jpg)


在 2010 年的时候。[甲骨文（Oracle）的拉里·埃里森可能还认为云“完全是胡说八道”](https://www.cnet.com/news/oracles-ellison-nails-cloud-computing/)，而有些人则坚持认为“云只是别人的电脑”，但精明的人更清楚。在[美国宇航局（NASA）艾姆斯研究中心](https://www.nasa.gov/ames)和 [Rackspace](https://www.rackspace.com/)，两组开发者决定，接近云的最佳方式是用开源软件构建出一朵云：[OpenStack](https://www.openstack.org/)。


当时，[亚马逊网络服务（AWS）](https://aws.amazon.com/)的祖先[亚马逊弹性计算云](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/)已经出现，微软在 2010 年 2 月推出了 [Azure](https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/)。但尽管他们已经在运行 Linux 和其他开源程序，但这些都是私人控制的专有平台。艾姆斯团队希望[美国宇航局（NASA）能够托管和管理自己的计算和数据资源](https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/spinoff/in-cloud-computing-open-source-becomes-big-business)。


艾姆斯的答案是创建 [Nebula](https://www.nasa.gov/open/nebula.html)，这是一个早期的基础设施即服务（IaaS）云。但是，正如[红帽公司](https://www.redhat.com/en)产品战略高级总监 Brian Gracely 所指出的那样，“NASA 没有人员来构建整个事情并长期维护它”。所以，艾姆斯走了开源路线。第一个主要的构件 [Nova](https://docs.openstack.org/nova/latest/#:~:text=Nova%20is%20the%20OpenStack%20project,limited%20support%20for%20system%20containers.&text=Keystone%3A%20This%20provides%20identity%20and%20authentication%20for%20all%20OpenStack%20services.)，至今仍然是 OpenStack 的一部分。不过当时，正如一位开发者所说的那样，“它是有生命力的，它有 bug，它是个测试版。来看看吧”。


Rackspace 正是这么做的。两个月后，Rackspace 和 NASA 团队合作，发布了第一个版本的 OpenStack。


几年内，OpenStack 的人气就爆发了。惠普、IBM、红帽、VMware 等众多科技大佬都对 OpenStack 给予了支持。正如当时 Rackspace 的战略和企业发展高级副总裁 Jim Curry 所解释的那样：“有几件事是相辅相成的。首先，云技术及其形式因素正遭遇到一个临界点。几年后， AWS 刚刚进入主流，人们不仅仅想寻找它的开源替代品，而且是想寻找任何 AWS 的替代品。”


而现在，它已经远不止是 AWS 的替代品。OpenStack 拥有超过 8000 名程序员，目前旗下有 32 个不同的项目。这些项目，如云配给系统 [Airship](https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Airship)、轻量级的类似容器的虚拟机 [Kata Containers](https://katacontainers.io/)、边缘基础设施软件栈 [StarlingX](https://www.starlingx.io/) 以及 Netflix 的网络网关 [Zuul](https://github.com/Netflix/zuul) 等，涵盖了各种云和相关服务。这些服务包括在单一网络上编排裸机、虚拟机和容器资源的 API。如今的 OpenStack 还能满足高性能计算（HPC）、AI 和机器学习等用例的需求。


OpenStack 自诞生以来，从 Austin 到 Ussuri，已经有 21 个按时发布。展望未来，[451 Research](https://451research.com/) 预计到 2023 年，OpenStack 市场规模将达到 77 亿美元。其增长大部分发生在亚洲（36%）、拉丁美洲（27%）、欧洲（22%）和北美（17%）。


OpenStack 也已经成为电信企业的首选云。这些公司，如 AT&T 和英国电信正在使用 OpenStack 作为其 5G 计划的基础。


最后要说的是，OpenStack 仍然是私有云、混合云和公共云中最受欢迎的开源云。虽然它的一些早期支持者，[如 SUSE，已经放弃了 OpenStack](https://www.zdnet.com/article/suse-drops-openstacks/)，但其他一些人，[如红帽，仍然是 OpenStack 的坚定支持者](https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/openstack-10-red-hats-take-decade-customer-defined-clouds-and-update-red-hat-openstack-platform)。红帽很快就会发布下一个 OpenStack 版本- ——Red Hat OpenStack Platform 16.1。红帽不会是唯一一个站在 OpenStack 一边的公司。它的未来仍然是光明的。




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via: <https://www.zdnet.com/article/openstack-the-open-source-cloud-at-10/> 


作者：[Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols](https://www.zdnet.com/meet-the-team/us/steven-j-vaughan-nichols/) 译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](/article-12418-1.html) 荣誉推出


OK
# OpenStack, the open-source cloud at 10

![steven-vaughan-nichols](https://www.zdnet.com/a/img/resize/e27b3953df87b835a77deeeec01f311aa283a5ec/2022/08/05/e2171bd1-84f6-4ca8-9801-2abdeb61a365/steven-vaughan-nichols.jpg?auto=webp&fit=crop&frame=1&height=192&width=192)

In 2010. [Oracle's Larry Ellison may still have thought that the cloud was "complete gibberish,"](https://www.cnet.com/news/oracles-ellison-nails-cloud-computing/) while some people were insisting that the "cloud was just someone else's computer," but savvy folks knew better. At [NASA Ames Research Center](https://www.nasa.gov/ames) and [Rackspace](https://www.rackspace.com/), two groups of developers decided that the best way to approach a cloud was to build one out from open-source software: [OpenStack](https://www.openstack.org/).

The [Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/), [Amazon Web Services'](https://aws.amazon.com/) ancestor was already around and Microsoft had launched [Azure](https://click.linksynergy.com/deeplink?id=IokOf8qagZo&mid=24542&murl=https%3A%2F%2Fazure.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2F&u1=zd-0b1a1f3e77ff4265a892f1b643ee55d2--) in February 2010. But even though they were already running Linux and other open-source programs, these were privately held, proprietary platforms. The Ames team wanted [NASA to host and manage its own computing and data resources](https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/spinoff/in-cloud-computing-open-source-becomes-big-business).

### Cloud

Ames' answer was to create [Nebula](https://www.nasa.gov/open/nebula.html), an early Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) cloud. But, as Brian Gracely, [Red Hat](https://www.redhat.com/en)'s senior director of product strategy, pointed out, "NASA didn't have the staff to build the whole thing and maintain it long-term." So, Ames went the open-source route. The first major building block, [Nova](https://docs.openstack.org/nova/latest/#:~:text=Nova%20is%20the%20OpenStack%20project,limited%20support%20for%20system%20containers.&text=Keystone%3A%20This%20provides%20identity%20and%20authentication%20for%20all%20OpenStack%20services.), is still part of OpenStack today. At the time, though, as one developer put it, "It's live, it's buggy, it's beta. Check it out."

That's exactly what Rackspace did. Two months later, the Rackspace and NASA teams were working together and released the very first version of OpenStack.

Within a few years, OpenStack's popularity exploded. HP, IBM, Red Hat, VMware, and numerous other tech powers threw their support behind OpenStack. As Jim Curry, then Rackspace's SVP of Strategy and Corporate Development, explained, "A couple of things came together. First, cloud technology and its form factor was hitting an infraction point. After several years, Amazon Web Services was just moving into the mainstream and people were looking not just for an open-source alternative, but for any AWS alternative."

It's become far more than an AWS alternative. With over 8,000 programmers, OpenStack now has 32 different projects under its umbrella. These projects, such as [Airship](https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/Airship), a cloud-provisioning system; [Kata Containers](https://katacontainers.io/), lightweight, container-like virtual machines (VMs); [StarlingX](https://www.starlingx.io/), an edge infrastructure software stack; and [Zuul](https://zuul-ci.org/docs/zuul/), a continuous integration/delivery (CI/CD) program, cover a wide variety of cloud and related services. These include APIs to orchestrate bare metal, VMs, and container resources on a single network. Today's OpenStack can also meet the demands of such use cases as high-performance computing (HPC), AI, and [machine learning](https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-machine-learning-everything-you-need-to-know/).

Since its origins OpenStack has had 21 on-time releases, from "Austin" to "Ussuri." Looking ahead, [451 Research](https://451research.com/) projects a $7.7 billion USD OpenStack market by 2023. Most of its growth is happening in Asia (36%), Latin America (27%), Europe (22%), and North America (17%).

OpenStack has also become the cloud of choice for telecoms. These companies, such as AT&T and BT are using OpenStack as the foundation for their [5G ](https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-5g-the-business-guide-to-next-generation-wireless-technology/)initiatives.

Last, but not least, OpenStack remains the most popular open-source cloud for private, hybrid, and public clouds. While some of its early proponents, such as [SUSE, have abandoned OpenStack](https://www.zdnet.com/article/suse-drops-openstacks/), others like [Red Hat, remain staunch OpenStack supporters](https://www.redhat.com/en/blog/openstack-10-red-hats-take-decade-customer-defined-clouds-and-update-red-hat-openstack-platform). Red Hat will soon be releasing its next OpenStack release, Red Hat OpenStack Platform 16.1. Red Hat won't be the only one standing by OpenStack. Its future still looks bright.

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