体验 Xedit 文本编辑器的实用功能
Xedit

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> Xedit 是 X11 图形服务器的一部分，它不算好看，但却有足够的隐藏功能，使它成为一个严肃的文本编辑器。
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![](/data/attachment/album/202012/18/075942uzhgjgxfxve7p2ot.jpg)


X11 图形服务器由 [X.org](https://www.x.org/wiki/) 发布，它有一些象征性的应用来展示如何使用它提供的工具进行编程。这些应用包括从 [TWM](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/twm-linux-desktop) 桌面到愚蠢但催眠的 Xeyes。它还包括一个名为 Xedit 的文本编辑器，它是一个看似简单的应用，却有足够的隐藏功能，使其成为一个严肃的编辑器。


### 安装 Xedit


如果你使用的是 Linux 或 BSD，你可以从你的发行版软件仓库或 ports 树中安装 Xedit。它有时会出现在一个名为 X11-apps 的软件包中，与其他 X11 应用捆绑在一起。


在 macOS 上，你可以安装 [XQuartz](http://xquartz.org)，它提供了 Xedit、Xeyes 和其他一些小程序（以及一个 X11 图形服务器）。


### 启动 Xedit


如果它被列在你的应用菜单的话，你可以从中启动 Xedit。尽管它绝对是一个 GUI 应用，但有些发行版将它视为命令而不是 GUI 应用，所以它可能不会被列在应用菜单中。这时，你可以从终端启动 Xedit。如果你输入 `xedit &` 来启动应用，它就会启动一个空的 Xedit 编辑器，可以随时输入。如果你在输入启动命令的同时输入一个现有的文件名，Xedit 启动时会将文件加载到缓冲区。



```
$ xedit example.txt &

```

![Xedit](/data/attachment/album/202012/18/075954khv06hczvmexaz68.jpg "Xedit")


### 加载文件


在打开的 Xedit 实例中，你可以在顶部文本输入框中输入文件的路径来加载文件。点击 **Load** 按钮（在文本输入框的左边），将文件读入 Xedit 窗口。


![Load Xedit](/data/attachment/album/202012/18/075955jonew2et22szreiw.jpg "Load Xedit")


你可以同时打开多个文件。当一个文件被加载时，它将获取焦点并出现在你的主 Xedit 缓冲区（主窗口中的大文本输入框），并将任何现有的文件切换到一个隐藏的缓冲区。


你可以使用组合键在缓冲区之间切换，这对 Emacs 用户而言很熟悉，但对其他用户会感到困惑。首先，按下 `Ctrl+X`。放开然后按 `Ctrl+B`。


### 组合键


一开始执行需要连续*两*个键盘快捷键的操作感觉很奇怪，但过了一段时间，你就会习惯。事实上，作为一个经常使用 Emacs 的用户，我发现复合键组合很有节奏感。我很惊讶也很高兴地发现，我最喜欢的一些快捷键在 Xedit 中也有效。


原来，Xedit 从几个灵感来源借用了键盘快捷键。如果你是 Emacs 用户，你会发现最常见的组合在 Xedit 中有效。例如，`C-x C-f` （即 `Ctrl+X` 后是 `Ctrl+F`）可以回到顶部的文本输入框来加载文件，而 `C-x C-s`（`Ctrl+X` 后是 `Ctrl+S`）可以保存文件。令人惊讶的是，`C-x 3` 甚至可以垂直分割窗口，而 `C-x 2` 则可以水平分割，`C-x 0` 或 `C-x 1` 则可以移除分割。


Emacs 或 Bash 用户熟悉的编辑命令也适用：


* `Ctrl+A` 移动到行首。
* `Ctrl+E` 移至行尾。
* `Alt+B` 向后移动一个单词。
* `Ctrl+B` 向后移动一个字符。
* `Ctrl+F` 向前移动一个字符。
* `Alt+F` 向前移动一个单词。
* `Ctrl+D 删除下一个字符。


还有更多，它们都在 Xedit 手册页面上列出。


### 使用行编辑模式


Xedit 还含有一个类似 `ex` 的行编辑器，这对 [Vi](https://opensource.com/article/20/12/vi-text-editor) 和 `ed` 甚至 `sed` 用户应该很熟悉。要进入行编辑模式，按下 `Esc` 键。这将使你处于顶部的文本输入框，但处于命令模式。编辑命令使用的语法是：*行号*后面跟着一个*命令*和*参数*。


比如说你有这个文本文件：



```
ed is the standard Unix text editor.
This is line number two.

```

你决定将第 1 行的 `ed` 改为 `Xedit`。在 Xedit 中，移动到第 1 行，按下 `Esc`，然后输入 `.,s/ed/Xedit/`。



```
Xedit is the standard Unix text editor.
This is line number two.

```

不用将光标移到下一行，你可以将 `two` 改为 `the second`。按下 `Esc`，然后输入 `2,s/two/the second/`。


各种命令和有效的参数在 Xedit 的手册页中列出。


### 简单但稳定


Xedit 并不算好看，它很简单，没有菜单可言，但它借鉴了一些最好的 Unix 编辑器的流行的便利性。下次你在寻找新的编辑器时，不妨试试 Xedit。




---


via: <https://opensource.com/article/20/12/xedit>


作者：[Seth Kenlon](https://opensource.com/users/seth) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
The X11 graphic server, distributed by [X.org](https://www.x.org/wiki/), has a few token applications that show how to program with its provided tools. These range from the [TWM](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/twm-linux-desktop) desktop to the silly but hypnotic Xeyes. It also includes a text editor called Xedit, a seemingly simple application with enough hidden features to make it a serious editor.

## Install Xedit


If you're on Linux or BSD, you can install Xedit from your distribution's software repository or ports tree. It sometimes appears in a package called X11-apps bundled with other X11 apps.

On macOS, you can install [XQuartz](http://xquartz.org), which provides Xedit, Xeyes, and a few other small applications (along with an X11 graphics server).

## Launch Xedit

You can launch Xedit from your application menu, if it's listed. Some distributions treat it more as a command than a GUI app, even though it is definitely a GUI app, so it may not be listed in your application menu. In that case, you can launch Xedit from the terminal. If you type `xedit &`

to launch the application, it launches an empty Xedit editor ready for text. If you enter the launch command along with an existing file's name, Xedit starts with the file loaded into its buffer:

`$ xedit example.txt &`



![Xedit Xedit](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/xedit.jpeg)

(Seth Kenlon, CC BY-SA 4.0)

## Load a file

From an open Xedit instance, you can load a file by typing the file's path in the top text field. Click the **Load** button (to the left of the text field) to read the file into the Xedit window.

![Load Xedit Load Xedit](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/xedit-load.jpg)

(Seth Kenlon, CC BY-SA 4.0)

You can have several files open at once. When one file is loaded, it takes focus and appears in your main Xedit buffer (the big text field in the main window) and shuffles any existing file into a hidden buffer.

You can navigate between buffers using a key combo familiar to Emacs users but sometimes confusing to others: First, press **Ctrl+X**. Release those keys, and then press **Ctrl+B**.

## Key combos

It feels strange at first to perform actions that require *two* keyboard shortcuts in a row, but after a while, you get used to it. In fact, as a frequent Emacs user, I find the compound key combinations comfortingly rhythmic. I was surprised and pleased to find that some of my favorite shortcuts were valid in Xedit.

It turns out that Xedit borrows keyboard shortcuts from several sources of inspiration. If you're an Emacs user, you'll find that the most common combinations are valid in Xedit. For instance, **C-x** **C-f** (that's **Ctrl+X** followed **Ctrl+F**) takes you to the top text field to load a file, and **C-x** **C-s** (**Ctrl+X** followed by **Ctrl+S**) saves a file. Surprisingly, **C-x** **3** even splits the window vertically, while **C-x** **2** splits it horizontally, and **C-x** **0** or **1** removes the split.

Edit commands familiar to Emacs or Bash users also apply:

**Ctrl+A**moves to the beginning of a line.**Ctrl+E**moves to the end of a line.**Alt+B**moves back a word.**Ctrl+B**moves back a character.**Ctrl+F**moves forward a character.**Alt+F**moves forward a word.**Ctrl+D**deletes the next character.

There are many more, and they're listed on the Xedit man page.

## Use line-editing mode

Xedit also includes a line editor, similar to **ex**, which ought to be familiar to [Vi](https://opensource.com/article/20/12/vi-text-editor) and `ed`

or even `sed`

users. To enter line-editing mode, press the **Esc** key. This places you in the top text field but in a command mode. Edit commands use the syntax: *line number* followed by a *command* and *parameters*.

Say you have this text file:

```
ed is the standard Unix text editor.
This is line number two.
```


You decide you want to change `ed`

to `Xedit`

in line 1. In Xedit, move to line 1, press **Esc**, and then type `.,s/ed/Xedit/`

.

```
Xedit is the standard Unix text editor.
This is line number two.
```


Without moving your cursor to the next line, you could change `two`

to `the second`

: Press **Esc** and then type `2,s/two/the second/`

.

Possible commands and valid parameters are listed in Xedit's man page.

## Simple but robust

Xedit isn't much to look at. It's simple, it has no menus to speak of, but it borrows some popular conveniences from some of the best Unix editors. The next time you're looking for a new editor, try Xedit.

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