在 Linux 上安装应用指南：软件中心篇
软件 安装

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> 从我们的新电子书中获得关于在 Linux 上安装应用的所有不同方法的信息。
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![](/data/attachment/album/202202/25/111618skx1ckb35r3kmx4k.jpg "Linux packages")


当你想在你的手机上尝试一个新的应用时，你打开应用商店并安装该应用。这很简单，很快速，很高效。在这种提供应用的模式中，手机供应商可以让你确切地知道到哪里去获得一个应用，而应用的开发者也知道将他们的应用放在哪里，以便人们能够找到它们。


在手机使用这种创新的软件分发模式之前，Linux 正以“软件仓库”的形式使用它。正如这个术语所暗示的，这些是在互联网上传应用的地方，这样 Linux 用户就可以从一个中心位置浏览和安装它们。这个术语被缩短为 “repo”（代表 “repository”，而不是 “reposession”），但无论你叫它“仓库”、“应用商店”、“软件中心”、“包管理器”，还是其他什么，它都是一个好系统，几十年来一直为 Linux 桌面用户服务。


最起码在 Linux 上安装应用很像在手机上安装应用。如果你能用一个安装，你也可以用另外一个安装。


* 下载我们的电子书：[在 Linux 上安装应用指南](https://opensource.com/downloads/installing-linux-applications-ebook)


### 软件中心


在 GNOME 桌面上，你在桌面上看到的软件仓库是一个应用，简单地说，叫 “<ruby> 软件 <rt>  Software </rt></ruby>”。你可以把这个应用看成是一个极其特殊的网页浏览器。它寻找可以从互联网上安装的软件，将所有可用的软件收集到分类中，并将其显示在你的桌面上。


![GNOME Software](/data/attachment/album/202202/25/111626sgd57slrszhl3571.png "GNOME Software")


在开始屏幕中，你有几个选项：


* 搜索一个你已经熟悉的应用。要做到这一点，点击窗口左上角的放大镜图标。
* 按类别浏览。这可以在窗口的底部找到。
* 按最近时间和推荐浏览。这些都列在动画横幅和它下面的图标中。


当你点击一个你看起来感兴趣的应用时，会打开一个功能页面，这样你就可以看到截图并阅读软件的简短描述。


### 安装一个应用


当你找到了你想要安装的软件，点击应用功能页面顶部的“<ruby> 安装 <rt>  Install </rt></ruby>”按钮。


![An application page in GNOME Software](/data/attachment/album/202202/25/111626k5b5qi595rbbv3e2.png "An application page in GNOME Software")


安装完毕后，“<ruby> 安装 <rt>  Install </rt></ruby>”按钮就会变成“<ruby> 启动 <rt>  Launch </rt></ruby>”按钮，所以你可以选择启动你刚刚安装的应用。


如果你现在不想启动该应用，你可以随时在你的“<ruby> 活动 <rt>  Activities </rt></ruby>”菜单中找到它，它与你电脑上已有的所有其他应用放在一起。


### 从更多的地方获得更多的应用


你的 Linux 桌面有专门为它打包的应用，但在今天的世界里，到处都有很多开源的东西。你可以通过将“第三方”仓库添加到你的桌面应用商店中来获得更多的应用。当然，这些术语并不完全正确：在一个无论如何都是由每个人创造软件的世界里，什么是“第三方”？当没有任何东西需要花钱时，什么是应用商店？撇开术语不谈，一个流行的第三方软件库是 [Flathub.org](http://flathub.org/setup)。


要在你的 Linux 桌面上增加另一个应用源，基本上是“安装”一个源到你的应用商店。对于 Flathub，下载 **Flathub 仓库文件**，然后用 **GNOME 软件**安装它，就像它是一个应用一样。它不是一个应用。它是一个应用 *源*，但过程是一样的。


### 了解更多


如果没有一堆其他方法来执行任何给定的任务，那就不是 Linux 了。灵活性是建立在 Linux 系统中的，所以虽然 GNOME “软件”提供了一种获取应用的简单方法，但还有很多其他方法，包括安装脚本、安装向导、AppImages，当然还有直接从源代码编译。你可以从我们的新电子书 [在 Linux 上安装应用](https://opensource.com/downloads/installing-linux-applications-ebook) 中获得所有这些安装方法的信息。它是免费的，所以请阅读吧。




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via: <https://opensource.com/article/22/2/installing-applications-desktop-linux>


作者：[Seth Kenlon](https://opensource.com/users/seth) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
When you want to try a new app on your phone, you open your app store and install the app. It's simple, quick, and efficient. In this model of providing applications, phone vendors ensure that you know exactly where to go to get an app, and that developers with apps to distribute know where to put their apps so people can find them.


Before phones used this innovative model of software distribution, Linux was using it in the form of "software repositories." As the term implies, these were places on the Internet where applications were uploaded so Linux users could browse through them, and install them, from a central location. The term got shortened to just "repo" (for "repository," not "reposession"), but whether you call it a *repo*, *app store*, *software center*, *package manager*, or whatever else, it's a good system and has served Linux desktop users well for several decades.

The bottom line is that installing apps on Linux is a lot like installing apps on your phone. If you've done one, you can do the other.

**[ Download our eBook: A guide to installing applications on Linux ]**

## Software

On the GNOME desktop, your view into your desktop's software repository is an application called, simply, **Software**. You can think of this application as an extremely specific web browser. It's looking at software that's available to install from the Internet, gathering everything available into categories, and displaying it to you on your desktop.

![GNOME Software GNOME Software](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/gnome-software_1.png)

(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/))

From the start screen, you have a few options.

- Search for an application you're already familiar with. To do this, click the magnifying glass icon in the top left corner of the window.
- Browse by category. These are found at the bottom of the window.
- Browse by recent and recommendations. These are listed in the animated banner and the icons below it.

When you click on an application that looks interesting to you, a feature page opens so you can see screenshots and read a short description of the software.

## Installing an app

Once you've found software you want to install, click the **Install **button at the top of the application feature page.

![An application page in GNOME Software An application page in GNOME Software](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/gnome-software-steam.png)

(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/))

Once it's installed, the **Install** button changes to a **Launch** button, so you can optionally launch the app you've just installed.

If you don't want to launch the app just now, you can always find it in your **Activities** menu along with all the other applications you already have on your computer.

## Getting more apps from more places

Your Linux desktop has applications packaged specifically for it, but in today's world there's a lot of open source happening all over the place. You can get more applications by adding "third party" repositories to your desktop's app store. Of course, all of these terms aren't exactly correct: what's a "third party" in a world where software is being created by everyone anyway, and what's an app store when nothing costs any money? Terminology aside, one popular third-party repo is [Flathub.org](http://flathub.org/setup).

To add another source of apps to your Linux desktop, you essentially "install" a location into your app store. For Flathub, you download the **Flathub repository file **and install it with **GNOME Software**, just as if it were an app. It's not an app. It's a *source* of apps, but the process is the same.

## Find out more

It wouldn't be Linux if there weren't a dozen other ways to perform any given task. Flexibility is built into the system with Linux, so while GNOME Software provides one easy way to get apps, there are lots of other ways, including install scripts, install wizards, AppImages, and of course compiling directly from source code. You can get information on all of these install methods from our new eBook, [ Installing Applications on Linux](https://opensource.com/downloads/installing-linux-applications-ebook). It's free, so give it a read.

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