使用 Material Shell 扩展将你的 GNOME 桌面打造成平铺式风格
平铺
平铺式窗口的特性吸引了很多人的追捧。也许是因为它很好看，也许是因为它能提高 [Linux 快捷键](https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-shortcuts/) 玩家的效率。又或者是因为使用不同寻常的平铺式窗口是一种新奇的挑战。


![Tiling Windows in Linux | Image Source](/data/attachment/album/202102/12/162305yas02ot0s2w0qhi2.jpg)


从 i3 到 [Sway](https://itsfoss.com/sway-window-manager/)，Linux 桌面拥有各种各样的平铺式窗口管理器。配置一个平铺式窗口管理器需要一个陡峭的学习曲线。


这就是为什么像 [Regolith 桌面](https://itsfoss.com/regolith-linux-desktop/) 这样的项目会存在，给你预先配置好的平铺桌面，让你可以更轻松地开始使用平铺窗口。


让我给你介绍一个类似的项目 —— Material Shell。它可以让你用上平铺式桌面，甚至比 [Regolith](https://regolith-linux.org/) 还简单。


### Material Shell 扩展：将 GNOME 桌面转变成平铺式窗口管理器


[Material Shell](https://material-shell.com) 是一个 GNOME 扩展，这就是它最好的地方。这意味着你不需要注销并登录其他桌面环境。你只需要启用或关闭这个扩展就可以自如的切换你的工作环境。


我会列出 Material Shell 的各种特性，但是也许视频更容易让你理解：






这个项目叫做 Material Shell 是因为它遵循 [Material Design](https://material.io/) 原则。因此这个应用拥有一个美观的界面。这就是它最重要的一个特性。


#### 直观的界面


Material Shell 添加了一个左侧面板，以便快速访问。在此面板上，你可以在底部找到系统托盘，在顶部找到搜索和工作区。


所有新打开的应用都会添加到当前工作区中。你也可以创建新的工作区并切换到该工作区，以将正在运行的应用分类。其实这就是工作区最初的意义。


在 Material Shell 中，每个工作区都可以显示为具有多个应用程序的行列，而不是包含多个应用程序的程序框。


#### 平铺式窗口


在工作区中，你可以一直在顶部看到所有打开的应用程序。默认情况下，应用程序会像在 GNOME 桌面中那样铺满整个屏幕。你可以使用右上角的布局改变器来改变布局，将其分成两半、多列或多个应用网格。


这段视频一目了然的显示了以上所有功能：






#### 固定布局和工作区


Material Shell 会记住你打开的工作区和窗口，这样你就不必重新组织你的布局。这是一个很好的特性，因为如果你对应用程序的位置有要求的话，它可以节省时间。


#### 热建/快捷键


像任何平铺窗口管理器一样，你可以使用键盘快捷键在应用程序和工作区之间切换。


* `Super+W` 切换到上个工作区；
* `Super+S` 切换到下个工作区；
* `Super+A` 切换到左边的窗口；
* `Super+D` 切换到右边的窗口；
* `Super+1`、`Super+2` … `Super+0` 切换到某个指定的工作区；
* `Super+Q` 关闭当前窗口；
* `Super+[鼠标拖动]` 移动窗口；
* `Super+Shift+A` 将当前窗口左移；
* `Super+Shift+D` 将当前窗口右移；
* `Super+Shift+W` 将当前窗口移到上个工作区；
* `Super+Shift+S` 将当前窗口移到下个工作区。


### 安装 Material Shell



> 
> 警告！
> 
> 
> 对于大多数用户来说，平铺式窗口可能会导致混乱。你最好先熟悉如何使用 GNOME 扩展。如果你是 Linux 新手或者你害怕你的系统发生翻天覆地的变化，你应当避免使用这个扩展。
> 
> 
> 


Material Shell 是一个 GNOME 扩展。所以，请 [检查你的桌面环境](https://itsfoss.com/find-desktop-environment/)，确保你运行的是 GNOME 3.34 或者更高的版本。


除此之外，我注意到在禁用 Material Shell 之后，它会导致 Firefox 的顶栏和 Ubuntu 的坞站消失。你可以在 GNOME 的“扩展”应用程序中禁用/启用 Ubuntu 的坞站扩展来使其变回原来的样子。我想这些问题也应该在系统重启后消失，虽然我没试过。


我希望你知道 [如何使用 GNOME 扩展](https://itsfoss.com/gnome-shell-extensions/)。最简单的办法就是 [在浏览器中打开这个链接](https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/3357/material-shell/)，安装 GNOME 扩展浏览器插件，然后启用 Material Shell 扩展即可。


![](/data/attachment/album/202102/12/162306svbv8zhblz5h5iti.png)


如果你不喜欢这个扩展，你也可以在同样的链接中禁用它。或者在 GNOME 的“扩展”应用程序中禁用它。


![](/data/attachment/album/202102/12/162306sesmxjs05osmi094.png)


### 用不用平铺式？


我使用多个电脑屏幕，我发现 Material Shell 不适用于多个屏幕的情况。这是开发者将来可以改进的地方。


除了这个毛病以外，Material Shell 是个让你开始使用平铺式窗口的好东西。如果你尝试了 Material Shell 并且喜欢它，请 [在 GitHub 上给它一个星标或赞助它](https://github.com/material-shell/material-shell) 来鼓励这个项目。


由于某些原因，平铺窗户越来越受欢迎。最近发布的 [Pop OS 20.04](https://itsfoss.com/pop-os-20-04-review/) 也增加了平铺窗口的功能。有一个类似的项目叫 PaperWM，也是这样做的。


但正如我前面提到的，平铺布局并不适合所有人，它可能会让很多人感到困惑。


你呢？你是喜欢平铺窗口还是喜欢经典的桌面布局？




---


via: <https://itsfoss.com/material-shell/>


作者：[Abhishek Prakash](https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[Chao-zhi](https://github.com/Chao-zhi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
There is something about tiling windows that attracts many people. Perhaps it looks good or perhaps it is time-saving if you are a fan of [keyboard shortcuts in Linux](https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-shortcuts/). Or maybe it’s the challenge of using the uncommon tiling windows.

![Linux Ricing Example](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2019/09/linux-ricing-example-800x450.jpg)

[Image Source](https://imgur.com/gallery/wxBZFN5)

From i3 to [Sway](https://itsfoss.com/sway-window-manager/), there are so many tiling window managers available for Linux desktop. Configuring a tiling window manager itself requires a steep learning curve.

This is why projects like [Regolith desktop](https://itsfoss.com/regolith-linux-desktop/) exist to give you preconfigured tiling desktop so that you can get started with tiling windows with less effort.

Let me introduce you to a similar project named Material Shell that makes using tiling feature even easier than [Regolith](https://regolith-linux.org/).

## Material Shell GNOME Extension: Convert GNOME desktop into a tiling window manager

[Material Shell](https://material-shell.com) is a GNOME extension and that’s the best thing about it. This means that you don’t have to log out and log in to another [desktop environment](https://itsfoss.com/what-is-desktop-environment/) or window manager. You can enable or disable it from within your current session.

I’ll list the features of Material Shell but it will be easier to see it in action:

The project is called Material Shell because it follows the [Material Design](https://material.io/) guideline and thus gives the applications an aesthetically pleasing interface. Here are its main features:

### Intuitive interface

Material Shell adds a left panel for quick access. On this panel, you can find the system tray at the bottom and the search and workspaces on the top.

All the new apps are added to the current workspace. You can create new workspace and switch to it for organizing your running apps into categories. This is the essential concept of workspace anyway.

In Material Shell, every workspace can be visualized as a row with several apps rather than a box with several apps in it.

### Tiling windows

In a workspace, you can see all your opened applications on the top all the time. By default, the applications are opened to take the entire screen like you do in GNOME desktop. You can change the layout to split it in half or multiple columns or a grid of apps using the layout changer in the top right corner.

This video shows all the above features at a glance:

### Persistent layout and workspaces

That’s not it. Material Shell also remembers the workspaces and windows you open so that you don’t have to reorganize your layout again. This is a good feature to have as it saves time if you are particular about which application goes where.

### Hotkeys/Keyboard shortcut

Like any tiling windows manager, you can use keyboard shortcuts to navigate between applications and workspaces.

`Super+W`

Navigate to the upper workspace.`Super+S`

Navigate to the lower workspace.`Super+A`

Focus the window at the left of the current window.`Super+D`

Focus the window at the right of the current window.`Super+1`

,`Super+2`

…`Super+0`

Navigate to specific workspace`Super+Q`

Kill the current window focused.`Super+[MouseDrag]`

Move window around.`Super+Shift+A`

Move the current window to the left.`Super+Shift+D`

Move the current window to the right.`Super+Shift+W`

Move the current window to the upper workspace.`Super+Shift+S`

Move the current window to the lower workspace.

## Installing Material Shell

Warning!

Tiling windows could be confusing for many users. You should be familiar with GNOME Extensions to use it. Avoid trying it if you are absolutely new to Linux or if you are easily panicked if anything changes in your system.

Material Shell is a GNOME extension. So, please [check your desktop environment](https://itsfoss.com/find-desktop-environment/) to make sure you are running ** GNOME 3.34 or higher version**.

I would also like to add that tiling windows could be confusing for many users.

Apart from that, I noticed that after disabling Material Shell it removes the top bar from Firefox and the Ubuntu dock. You can get the dock back by disabling/enabling Ubuntu dock extension from the Extensions app in GNOME. I haven’t tried but I guess these problems should also go away after a system reboot.

I hope you know [how to use GNOME extensions](https://itsfoss.com/gnome-shell-extensions/). The easiest way is to just [open this link in the browser](https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/3357/material-shell/), install GNOME extension plugin and then enable the Material Shell extension.

![Install Material Shell](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2020/09/install-material-shell-800x307.png)

If you don’t like it, you can disable it from the same extension link you used earlier or use the GNOME Extensions app:

![Material Shell Gnome Extension](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2020/09/material-shell-gnome-extension.png)

**To tile or not?**

I use multiple screens and I found that Material Shell doesn’t work well with multiple monitors. This is something the developer(s) can improve in the future.

Apart from that, it’s a really easy to get started with tiling windows with Material Shell. If you try Material Shell and like it, appreciate the project by [giving it a star or sponsoring it on GitHub](https://github.com/material-shell/material-shell).

For some reasons, tiling windows are getting popular. Recently released [Pop OS 20.04](https://itsfoss.com/pop-os-20-04-review/) also added tiling window features. There is a similar project called [PaperWM](https://itsfoss.com/paperwm/) which does the same.

But as I mentioned previously, tiling layouts are not for everyone and it could confuse many people.

How about you? Do you prefer tiling windows or you prefer the classic desktop layout?