Qubes OS 4.2 发布，支持 PipeWire 并更新了核心应用
Qubes OS
![](/data/attachment/album/202312/25/174707pcd2jc6xababz0v2.jpg)



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> Qubes OS 4.2 更新改进了核心应用，还有更多好东西！
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Qubes OS 最近发布了 4.2，带来了一些重要的改进。


首先介绍一下什么是什么是 Qubes OS？


嗯，Qubes OS 是对 Linux 发行版的有趣诠释。它与大多数发行版有很大不同，主打“**一个相对安全的操作系统**”。


它使用**安全隔离的隔间**，称为 “**qube**”，彼此保持独立。你可以有一个用于休闲网络浏览的 qube，处理电子邮件的 qube，以及处理银行业务的 qube；这些就是所谓的 “应用 qube”。


这些应用 qube 基于另一种称为“**模板**”的 qube，它通常运行一个 Linux 发行版，例如 Fedora 或 Debian。它与基于它的其他 qube 共享其根文件系统（所有程序和文件）。


因此，你可以在不同的 qube 上运行相同的应用。有关其架构的更多信息在 [此处](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/architecture/)。



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> ? Qubes OS 对系统资源的占用很大（需要比平常更多的 RAM）。
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现在你已经了解了该发行版，让我重点介绍其最新版本的内容。


### ? Qubes OS 4.2：有什么新变化？


![](/data/attachment/album/202312/25/174737o6zm66ba6pxxr66t.png)


Qubes OS 4.2 基于**安全裸机管理程序 [Xen 4.17](https://xenproject.org/2022/12/14/xen-project-releases-version-4-17-with-enhanced-security-higher-performance-improved-embedded-static-configuration-and-speculative-mitigation-support/)**，并进行了一些精妙的改进，提高了整体性能和可用性。


一些**关键亮点**包括：


* Dom0 改用 Fedora 37
* 核心应用做出改进
* 模板升级
* PipeWire 支持（待定）


#### Dom0 采用 Fedora 37


“dom0” qube 现在采用 Fedora 37，由 [Linux 内核 6.0](https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-6-0-release/) 提供支持，这应该使 Qubes OS 能够利用更新的硬件，例如英特尔第 13 代 Raptor Lake CPU。


“dom0” qube 基本上就是 “**管理 qube**”，用于管理整个操作系统。


与操作系统的其他部分一样，它的设计方式非常注重安全，因此没有网络连接，并且仅用于运行桌面环境和窗口管理器。


#### 核心应用改进


![](/data/attachment/album/202312/25/174737ghpjsm9bzjyasphp.png)


我们看到的另一个重大变化是**一些 Qubes OS 核心应用完全重写了**，这是为了改善整体的用户体验。


你在上面看到的是**新的 Qubes OS 策略编辑器工具**，它有一个非常简洁的界面，包含所有必需的选项。


![](/data/attachment/album/202312/25/174738nwpy61bexeblozqy.png)


此外，**Qubes OS 全局配置应用也进行了升级**，现在使用起来更加直观，同时将所有重要设置统一在一个平台上。


![](/data/attachment/album/202312/25/174738a981ouo61g3gioof.png)


最后，**Qubes OS 更新工具也进行了改造**，进行了一些细微的更改，使其更加用户友好。


#### 模板升级


内含的默认模板也已升级，默认的 **Debian 模板现在采用 Debian 12**，**Xfce 成为 Fedora 和 Debian 模板的默认桌面环境**。


#### PipeWire 支持


经过漫长的等待，Qubes OS 终于加入了处理音频/视频的 [PipeWire](https://pipewire.org/)。这应该会为整个操作系统带来**更好、更安全的媒体处理体验**。


#### ?️ 其他更改和改进


除此之外，还有一些值得注意的变化：


* 更好的**键盘布局切换**。
* 对 **Qubes Builder v2** 的改进。
* **Fedora 模板中支持 SELinux**。
* 一个新的可选**自动剪贴板清除功能**。
* 集成 [fwupd](https://github.com/fwupd/fwupd) 用于处理固件更新。


我建议你阅读 [发行说明](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/releases/4.2/release-notes/)，更深入地了解 Qubes OS 4.2 版本。


### ? 下载 Qubes OS 4.2


你可以从 [官方网站](https://www.qubes-os.org/downloads/) 获取此版本。请记住，Qubes OS 可以在裸机上正常工作，而不是在 [虚拟机](https://itsfoss.com/virtual-machine/) 上运行。



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> **[Qubes OS 4.2](https://www.qubes-os.org/downloads/)**
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如果你是 Qubes OS 的新手，那么我建议你阅读 [官方文档](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/getting-started/) 以了解有关此发行版的更多信息。


**对于现有用户**，你可以按照官方 [升级指南](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/upgrade/4.2/) 从 Qubes OS 4.1 升级到 4.2。


? 你会尝试一下这个版本吗？ 请在下面告诉我们！


*（题图：DA/6236cc3e-114c-44af-bda5-9f65861087ee）*




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via: <https://news.itsfoss.com/qubes-os-4-2-release/>


作者：[Sourav Rudra](https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
![](/assets/images/pikapods-banner-v3.webp)


![](/assets/images/pikapods-banner-v3.webp)

With a recent announcement, Qubes OS 4.2 was released, and it features some important improvements.

For context: **what is Qubes OS?**

Well, Qubes OS is an interesting take on what a Linux distro can be. It's very different from most distros out there, with a focus on being “**A Reasonably Secure Operating System**”.

It uses **security-isolated compartments**, called '**qubes**', that are kept separate from each other. One could have a qube for doing casual web-browsing, another for handling e-mails, and another for handling banking stuff; these are called '**app qubes**'.

These app qubes are based on another type of qube called '**template**', which is usually running a Linux distro such as Fedora or Debian. It shares its root file system (all programs and files) with the other qubes based on it.

Due to which, you can run the same apps on different qubes. More on its architecture [here](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/architecture/?ref=news.itsfoss.com).

Now that you know about the distro, let me highlight things from its latest release.

## 🆕 Qubes OS 4.2: What's New?

![a screenshot of qubes os 4.2 desktop screen](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/09/Qubes_OS_4.2.png)

Powered by **Xen 4.17****, a secure bare-metal hypervisor,** Qubes OS 4.2 is here with some neat changes that improve the overall performance and usability.

Some of the **key highlights** include:

**Dom0 with Fedora 37****Core App Improvements****Template Upgrades****PipeWire Support (Pending)**

### Dom0 with Fedora 37

The '*dom0*' qube now features Fedora 37, which is powered by [Linux kernel 6.0](https://news.itsfoss.com/linux-6-0-release/), this should enable Qubes OS to take advantage of newer hardware, such as Intel 13th Gen Raptor Lake CPUs.

A '*dom0*' qube is basically the '**admin qube**', this is used to administer the entire operating system.

It has been designed in a very security conscious manner like the rest of the OS, resulting in no network connectivity, and only being used to run the desktop environment, and the window manager.

**Suggested Read **📖

[Fedora 37 Upgrade Adds GNOME 43 and Two New Flagship EditionsFedora 37 brings in some important changes including GNOME 43, Linux Kernel 6.0, and Raspberry Pi 4 support among others.](https://news.itsfoss.com/fedora-37-release/)![](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/fedora-37-release-ft.png)


![](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2022/10/fedora-37-release-ft.png)

### Core App Improvements

![a screenshot of qubes os 4.2 updated policy editor](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/12/Qubes_OS_4.2_b.png)

Another place where we see major changes is the **complete rewrite of some Qubes OS core apps**, which were done in a bid to improve the overall user experience.

What you saw above was the **new Qubes OS Policy Editor tool**, which has a very minimal interface with all the required options.

![a screenshot of qubes os 4.2 updated global settings menu](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/12/Qubes_OS_4.2_c.png)

The **Qubes OS Global Config app also sees an upgrade**, and it is now more intuitive to use, while unifying all the important settings under one roof.

![a screenshot of qubes os 4.2 updated qube os update app](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/12/Qubes_OS_4.2_d.png)

And finally, the **Qubes OS Update tool also receives a makeover**, with subtle changes here and there to make it more user-friendly.

### Template Upgrades

The included default templates have also been upgraded, with the default **Debian template now featuring Debian 12**, and **Xfce being the default desktop environment** for the Fedora and Debian templates.

### PipeWire Support

After a long wait, Qubes OS finally features [PipeWire](https://pipewire.org/?ref=news.itsfoss.com) for the handling of audio/video. This should result in** a better and more secure media handling experience** across the operating system.

### 🛠️ Other Changes and Improvements

Other than that, here are some changes that are worth noting:

- Better
**keyboard layout switching**. - Improvements to
**Qubes Builder v2**. **SELinux support**in Fedora templates.- A new optional,
**automatic clipboard clearing feature**. - Integration of
[fwupd](https://github.com/fwupd/fwupd?ref=news.itsfoss.com)for handling firmware updates.

I suggest you go through the [release notes](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/releases/4.2/release-notes/?ref=news.itsfoss.com) for a more in-depth look into the Qubes OS 4.2 release.

## 📥 Download Qubes OS 4.2

You can get this release from the [official website](https://www.qubes-os.org/downloads/?ref=news.itsfoss.com). Just keep in mind that, Qubes OS works properly when on bare metal, and is not meant to be run on a [Virtual Machine](https://itsfoss.com/virtual-machine/?ref=news.itsfoss.com).

If you are new to Qubes OS, then I recommend you go through the [official documentation](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/getting-started/?ref=news.itsfoss.com) to learn more about this distro.

**For existing users,** you can follow the official [upgrade guide](https://www.qubes-os.org/doc/upgrade/4.2/?ref=news.itsfoss.com) to upgrade from Qubes OS 4.1 to 4.2.

*💬 Will you be giving this release a try? Let us know below!*

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