2021 年的 12 件 Linux 大事
Linux

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> 现在，是时候回顾一下今年影响 Linux 和 Linux 用户的一些大事了。
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![](/data/attachment/album/202112/21/180137wv3j567vyneym7vn.png)


2021 年即将结束。Linux 今年屡有大事，虽然并不全是好消息。


让我来分享一些来自 Linux 世界的大事，这些事件对普通的 Linux 用户，特别是桌面 Linux 用户有一定的影响。


### 1、RMS 重返自由软件基金会


<ruby> 自由软件基金会 <rt>  Free Software Foundation </rt></ruby>（FSF）的创始主席 [Richard Stallman（RMS）在 2019 年因媒体的抨击而被迫辞职](https://itsfoss.com/richard-stallman-controversy/)。然而，这位标志性的嬉皮士技术人在今年 3 月份的 LibrePlanet 活动中出人意料地 [宣布复出](https://news.itsfoss.com/richard-stallman-is-back-at-fsf/)。


虽然自由软件运动是 Stallman 在 80 年代发起的，并创立了自由软件基金会（FSF），但这次他是以董事会成员之一的身份回归的，而不是以主席的身份。


这段插曲使开源世界再次分裂。许多组织和开发者反对他的回归。但与此同时，Stallman 也得到了 [来自非美国开发者的压倒性支持](https://news.itsfoss.com/stallman-supporters-not-giving-up/)。


尽管 [Stallman 已经道歉](https://news.itsfoss.com/stallman-apologizes/)，但许多来自 GNOME 和<ruby> 开源推进计划 <rt>  Open Source Initiative </rt></ruby>的人 [主张撤换整个 FSF 董事会](https://news.itsfoss.com/stallman-return-revolt/)。


许多主要的赞助商因此断绝了与 FSF 的关系，但 FSF 在财政困难的情况下仍在坚持。2021 年即将结束，Stallman 仍然活跃在他 30 多年前创立的组织的董事会中。


### 2、Arch Linux 引入了一个安装程序


不过不是图形化的。


你可能已经知道，安装 Arch Linux 并不像安装 Ubuntu 或 Fedora 那样简单。没有图形化的安装程序。一切都必须通过命令行来完成，但即使是这样，你也必须参考一些文档。


Arch Linux 试图通过提供一个用来指导你的安装脚本来改善这种情况。


![](/data/attachment/album/202112/21/180138pcp9k9k9899hs1t4.png)


当然，它不像图形化的安装那么舒服，但至少有指导的 Arch Linux 安装总比没有好。


这个 [archinstall 脚本可以在较新的 Arch Linux ISO 中找到](https://news.itsfoss.com/arch-linux-easy-install/)，你可以在安装 Arch Linux 时在 TTY 中输入 `archinstall` 来使用它。


### 3、微软 Edge 浏览器登陆 Linux


![](/data/attachment/album/202112/21/180139zykbyv46b3oc36yo.png)


它已经测试一年多了，但在 2021 年我们终于看到了 [微软基于 Chromium 的 Linux 版 Edge 浏览器的最终稳定版](https://news.itsfoss.com/microsoft-edge-stable-release/)。


我知道一些 Linux 用户彻底反对接触任何微软的东西，这当然很好。它只是为 Linux 上长长的可用网页浏览器列表增加了一个选择。在 Windows 系统上使用 Edge 的人现在有能力在 Linux 上使用和同步他们的浏览器活动。


一些 [在 Linux 上安装了 Edge 浏览器](https://itsfoss.com/microsoft-edge-linux/) 的用户发现它出乎意料地好。就个人而言，比起其他浏览器，我还是更喜欢 Firefox，但如果 Edge 能把超高清或全高清的 Netflix 流媒体带到 Linux 上，它可能会成为我的辅助浏览器。


### 4、CentOS 替代品的崛起


红帽公司去年震惊了 Linux 世界，它决定 [干掉稳定的 CentOS，转而支持滚动发布的 CentOS Stream](https://itsfoss.com/centos-stream-fiasco/)。


这催生了 [几个 CentOS 替代发行版](https://itsfoss.com/rhel-based-server-distributions/)。其中获得了最多人气和 CentOS 市场份额的两个发行版是 Rocky Linux 和 Alma Linux。


[Rocky Linux 是由 Gregory M. Kurtzer 创建的](https://news.itsfoss.com/rocky-linux-announcement/)，他是 CentOS 的最初的创建者。


[Alma Linux](https://almalinux.org/) 是由 CloudLinux 创建的，它是一家提供了基于 CentOS 的服务器和内核补丁服务的企业。


这两个发行版已经占领了 CentOS 留下的市场。[红帽公司向小型企业免费提供 RHEL 许可证的计划](https://news.itsfoss.com/rhel-no-cost-option/) 并没有那么成功。


### 5、Steam Deck


Valve 发布了一款名为 Steam Deck 的掌上游戏设备。它产生了相当大的反响，预购即售罄。


它与 Linux 有什么关系？有两个：


首先，Steam Deck 运行在基于 Arch Linux 的定制 Steam OS 上。考虑到这些游戏将在基于 Linux 的操作系统上运行，这给桌面 Linux 上的游戏也带来了希望。


第二，Steam 声称所有的游戏（无论它们是否只在 Windows 上运行）都将可以在 Steam Deck 上运行。这个口号太大了，但是 [Steam 已经开始验证能在 Deck 上运行的游戏](https://news.itsfoss.com/steamdeck-verified/)。这可能意味着经过 Deck 验证的游戏在桌面 Linux 上应该也能正常运行。


![](/data/attachment/album/202112/21/180141natpcvz8ln0lt0l4.png)


### 6、反作弊引擎正式支持 Linux


对 Linux 玩家来说这是又一个 2021 年的大新闻。[Epic Games 为其 Easy-Anti Cheat 服务增加了完整的 Linux 支持，以及官方 SteamPlay（或 Proton）和 Wine 兼容性](https://news.itsfoss.com/easy-anti-cheat-linux/)。


Easy-Anti-Cheat 是 Epic 提供的业界领先的反作弊服务，可以防止多人 PC 游戏中的黑客攻击和作弊。


这是一个重大举措，因为 Linux 游戏玩家经常被禁止参与许多流行的多人游戏，如《堡垒之夜》、《战地》。随着反作弊支持的加入，在 Linux 上玩主流多人游戏变得更加容易。


### 7、GNOME 40


![](/data/attachment/album/202112/21/180142uw3s1g0ge3ji08fl.png)


[GNOME 40 是一个激进的版本](https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-40-release/)。几乎和 GNOME 3 一样激进。


不，将版本号从 3.38 跳到 40 并不是关键因素。


GNOME 40 换成了三指轻扫的水平布局。这种水平方式使得第 40 版在用户界面和用户体验上与之前的版本有很大不同。


### 8、内核 5.15 中支持 NTFS


这可能看起来没什么，但 Linux 内核中对 NTFS 文件系统的适当驱动支持对许多人来说是件大事，特别是对于共享分区来说。


之前，NTFS 文件系统是在用户空间（FUSE）中借助 ntfs-3g 软件包使用的。这意味着数据的读取和写入速度很慢。


原生的驱动程序改善了 Linux 中 NTFS 文件系统的性能。


### 9、Linux 已经 30 岁了


![](/data/attachment/album/202112/21/180143eu4xg074m4q4q9hh.jpg)


Linux 内核比许多 Linux 用户都要老。它诞生于 1991 年 9 月，当时芬兰计算机科学专业的学生 Linus Torvalds 宣布了这个 “爱好项目”，它本应不是 “大而专业” 的。


Torvalds 以 Linux 项目作为他的毕业论文取得了他的硕士学位。Torvalds 不可能知道他的 “爱好” 将成为今天 IT 世界的支柱和一个成功的开源项目的代表。


### 10、Linus Tech Tips 对 Linux 桌面的实验


这是另一位将 Linux 推上风口浪尖的 Linus。


Linus Sebastian 是顶级的技术 YouTuber 之一，他开始挑战日常使用 Linux 30 天的目标。


一个拥有数百万订阅者的流行 YouTuber 使用了 Linux。这是一个前所未有的机会，是桌面 Linux 被数百万 Windows 用户看到的一次大公关。


但是它出了问题。实际上，是可怕的错误。


Linus Sebastian 在 Linux 上遇到了困难。他遇到了各种困难，[最后在试图安装 Steam 的时候毁掉了他的 Pop!\_OS 系统](https://news.itsfoss.com/more-linux-distros-become-linus-proof/)。


![](/data/attachment/album/202112/21/180143yaoyhqnjh6phdbhz.jpg)


我不知道 Torvalds 是否看到了那些视频，这个与他同名的人在他的造物中苦苦挣扎。


### 11、苹果的 M1 Mac 上的 Linux


一个苹果让世界认识了重力（尽管它已经存在）。一个苹果让世界认识了 ARM 处理器（尽管它也已经存在）。


苹果公司基于 ARM 的 M1 系列因其性能提升而在用户中大受欢迎。有一个专门的项目 [Asahi](https://asahilinux.org/) 正在努力使 Linux 可以在苹果 M1 设备上运行。


2021 年，Asahi Linux 取得了一些良好的进展。他们的工作也将使其他发行版受益。


![Arch Linux 与 KDE Plasma 在 M1 Pro MacBook 上运行](/data/attachment/album/202112/21/180144eb7bzs0nn3s0n8pl.jpg)


### 12、Windows 11 发布


为什么 Windows 11 的发布与 Linux 有关呢？因为不是所有的现有系统都有资格运行 Windows 11。这意味着当 Windows 10 支持结束时，将有一大批设备运行一个过时的操作系统。他们中的一些人会转移到 Linux。


不要认为我过于乐观。当 Windows XP 支持结束时，我已经看到了这种流亡。一些 Linux Mint 和 Zorin OS 用户曾经是 Windows XP 的移民。


![](/data/attachment/album/202112/21/180145g63zymcr5ii353a3.jpg)


### 让我们希望 2022 年对我们所有人都好一些


2020 年开始的 COVID-19 流行病在今年继续困扰着世界。看看 Omicron 变种的传播情况，2022 年的情况看起来也不太乐观。


但是，让我们不要太悲观，庆祝新的一年，希望明年对桌面 Linux 用户和其他所有人会更好。




---


via: <https://news.itsfoss.com/biggest-linux-stories-2021/>


作者：[Abhishek](https://news.itsfoss.com/author/root/) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
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The year 2021 is coming to an end. Linux has been making headlines this year as well, and not always in a good way.

Let me share some of the biggest stories from the world of Linux that impacts the users of Linux in general and desktop Linux in particular.

## 1. Stallman comes back

Free Software Foundation’s founding President [Richard Stallman was forced to resign](https://itsfoss.com/richard-stallman-controversy/?ref=news.itsfoss.com) after a media outrage in 2019. The iconic hippie techie made a surprise [comeback announcement](https://news.itsfoss.com/richard-stallman-is-back-at-fsf/) during LibrePlanet event in March.

Though Stallman started the Free Software movement and founded the Free Software Foundation (FSF) in the 80s, he returned as one of the board directors, not as its President.

The episode divided the open source world once again. Many organizations and developers opposed his return. At the same time, Stallman also got [overwhelming support from non-USA developers](https://news.itsfoss.com/stallman-supporters-not-giving-up/).

Though [Stallman apologized](https://news.itsfoss.com/stallman-apologizes/), many people from GNOME and Open Source Initiative [advocated to remove entire FSF board.](https://news.itsfoss.com/stallman-return-revolt/)

Many major sponsors severed their ties with FSF but remained adamant among the financial difficulties. 2021 is coming to an end and Stallman remains on the board of the organization he founded more than 30 years ago.

## 2. Arch Linux introduces an installer

Not a graphical one though.

You probably already know that installing Arch Linux is not as easy as installing Ubuntu or Fedora. There is no graphical installer. Everything has to be done via the command line but even for that you have to refer to some documentation.

Arch Linux tries to improve the situation by providing a helpful script that could guide you for the installation.

![Arch Linux guided installer](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/04/arch-install-tool.png)

Of course, it is not as comfortable as a graphical one but at least the guided Arch Linux install is better than none.

This [archinstall script is available in the newer Arch Linux ISO](https://news.itsfoss.com/arch-linux-easy-install/) can can be accessed by typing archinstall in the TTY while installing Arch Linux.

## 3. Microsoft Edge browser comes to Linux

![Microsoft Edge browser on Linux](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/10/microsoft-edge-beta-linux-ft-1024x620.png)

It was already in beta for over a year, but 2021 sees the[ final stable release of Microsoft’s Chromium-based Edge browser for Linux](https://news.itsfoss.com/microsoft-edge-stable-release/).

I know some Linux users are completely against touching anything Microsoft and that’s fine. It just adds one more option to the long list of available web browsers on Linux. People who use Edge on Windows systems now have the ability to use and sync their browser activity on Linux.

Several users who [installed Edge browser on Linux](https://itsfoss.com/microsoft-edge-linux/?ref=news.itsfoss.com) found it surprisingly good. Personally, I still prefer Firefox over any other browser but if Edge could bring Ultra HD or Full HD Netflix streaming to Linux, it could become my secondary browser.

## 4. Rise of CentOS replacements

Red Hat shocked the Linux world last years when it decided to [kill the stable CentOS in favor of the rolling release version CentOS Stream](https://itsfoss.com/centos-stream-fiasco/?ref=news.itsfoss.com).

This gave birth to [several CentOS replacement distributions](https://itsfoss.com/rhel-based-server-distributions/?ref=news.itsfoss.com). Two distros that got the most of the popularity and CentOS’ market share are Rocky Linux and Alma Linux.

[Rocky Linux is created by Gregory M. Kurtzer](https://news.itsfoss.com/rocky-linux-announcement/), the original creator of CentOS.

[Alma Linux](https://almalinux.org/?ref=news.itsfoss.com) is created by CloudLinux, an enterprise which was already providing CentOS based servers and kernel patching service.

These two distros have captured the market left open by CentOS. [Red Hat’s plan of giving free RHEL licenses to small businesses](https://news.itsfoss.com/rhel-no-cost-option/) was not as successful.

## 5. Steam Deck

Valve announced a handheld gaming device called Steam Deck. It generated quite a buzz and sold out on pre-orders.

How does it relate to Linux? For two reasons.

First, Steam Deck runs a custom Steam OS based on Arch Linux. Considering that the games will be running on a Linux-based OS, this gives hope for gaming on desktop Linux as well.

Second, Steam claimed that all games (whether they are Windows-only) will run on Steam Deck. That’s too big a claim but [Steam has started verifying games that work with Deck](https://news.itsfoss.com/steamdeck-verified/). This could mean the Deck verified games should work well on desktop Linux as well.

![Steam Deck verified games](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/10/steam-deck-verified-1024x499.png)

## 6. Anti-Cheat Engines officially supporting Linux

Another big news for Linux gamers in 2021. [Epic Games added complete Linux support for its Easy-Anti Cheat service, along with official SteamPlay (or Proton) and W](https://news.itsfoss.com/easy-anti-cheat-linux/)ine compatibility.

The Easy-Anti-Cheat is industry-leading anti-cheating service from Epic that prevents hacking and cheating in multiplayer PC games.

This is a big move because Linux gamers were often banned from many popular multiplayer games like Fortnite, Battlefield. With the anti-cheat support added, playing mainstream multiplayer games becomes easier on Linux.

## 7. GNOME 40

![GNOME 40](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/03/gnome-40-activity-overview.png)

[GNOME 40 was a radical release](https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-40-release/). Almost as radical as GNOME 3.

No, jumping the versioning number from 3.38 to 40 is not the crucial factor here.

GNOME 40 switched to a horizontal layout with three finger swiping. This horizontal approach made the version 40 a lot different in UI and UX from its predecessors.

## 8. NTFS Support in Kernel 5.15

This may not look like a lot but proper driver support for NTFS file system in Linux Kernel is a big deal for many, specially for shared partitions.

Until now, NTFS file system was used in the userspace (FUSE) with the help of ntfs-3g packages. This meant slow read and write of data.

The native driver improves the performance of NTFS filesystem in Linux.

## 9. Linux is 30 years old

![Linux Tux Turns 30](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/12/tuxturns30-1024x538.jpg)

Linux kernel is older than many Linux users. It was started in September 1991 when Finnish computer science student Linus Torvalds announced this ‘hobby project’ which was not supposed be ‘big and professional’.

Torvalds completed his Master’s degree with the Linux project as his final thesis. Little did Torvalds knew that his ‘hobby’ will become the backbone of today’s IT world and the face of a successful open source project.

## 10. Linus Tech Tips’s experiments with Linux desktop

Another Linus that put Linux in the limelight.

One of the top tech YouTuber, Linus Sebastian, began a challenge to use Linux as his daily driver for 30 days.

A popular YouTube with millions of subscribers covering Linux. This was a huge opportunity, a big PR for the desktop Linux to be seen by millions of Windows users.

But it went wrong. Horribly wrong, actually.

Linus Sebastian had a difficult time with Linux. He struggled at most points and [ended up destroying his Pop!_OS install while trying to install Steam.](https://news.itsfoss.com/more-linux-distros-become-linus-proof/)

![Linus Sebastian of LTT destpryed his Pop OS system while installing Steam](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/11/linus-sebastian-nukes-pop-os-while-installing-steam-os-1024x475.webp)

I wonder if Torvalds saw any of those videos where his namesake struggled so much with his creation.

## 11. Linux on Apple’s M1 Macs

An apple made the world aware of gravity (though it already existed). An Apple made the world aware of ARM processors (though it already existed).

Apple’s ARM based M1 series is a huge hit among the users for its performance boost. There is a dedicated project [Asahi](https://asahilinux.org/?ref=news.itsfoss.com) that is working to make Linux work on the Apple M1 devices.

The year 2021 saw some good progress by Asahi Linux. Their work is going to benefit other distributions as well.

![](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/12/kde-plasma-apple-m1-1024x768.jpeg)

[Image Credit](https://twitter.com/marcan42/status/1458473546225577987/photo/1?ref=news.itsfoss.com)

## 12. Windows 11 release

How come Windows 11 release relates to Linux? Because not all existing systems are eligible to run Windows 11. This means when Windows 10 support ends, there will be a good bunch of devices running an obsolete operating system. Some of them would move to Linux.

Don’t think I am over optimistic. I have seen this when exodus when Windows XP support ended. A number of Linux Mint and Zorin OS users are Windows XP migrants.

![Linux meme squid games](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/12/linux-meme-squid-game-1024x1024.jpg)

## Let’s hope 2022 is better for all of us

The COVID-19 epidemic that started in 2020 continued to trouble the world this year as well. Looking at how Omicron variant is spreading, things do not look too bright for 2022 as well.

But let’s not be too pessimistic and celebrate this festive season with hope that the next year will be better for desktop Linux users and everyone else.

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