openSUSE Leap 与 Tumbleweed，我该选择哪一个
openSUSE 发行版
![](/data/attachment/album/202111/09/102806oc65ntea3ner8q55.png)


[openSUSE 是一个非常受欢迎的 Linux 发行版](https://itsfoss.com/why-use-opensuse/)，尤其是在企业界。[SUSE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUSE_Linux) 从 1996 年起就以这样或那样的形式出现了。很久以来，他们只有一个分支版本。


然后，在 2015 年，他们改变了现状，决定提供两个分支：Leap 和 Tumbleweed。


如果你是 [openSUSE](https://www.opensuse.org/) 的新手，很容易把 Tumbleweed 和 Leap 搞混。最近有位读者要求我们解释这两者之间的异同，这正是我们今天要做的。


### Leap 和 Tumbleweed 之间有什么区别？


两者之间最重要的区别是发布时间表。openSUSE Leap （LCTT 译注：leap => “飞跃”）每隔几年就会按照固定的时间表发布一个新版本，类似于 Ubuntu 和 Fedora。另一方面，Tumbleweed （LCTT 译注：tumbleweed => “风滚草”）是一个紧密跟随 openSUSE 开发时间表的滚动发布，就像 Arch 或 Void。


![openSUSE Tumbleweed vs Leap](/data/attachment/album/202111/09/102806i8huubpu59e3k1kh.jpg)


你知道 [滚动发行版](https://itsfoss.com/rolling-release/) 的优势吧？它为你提供了最新的软件版本，你不需要为一个重大版本发布而升级你的系统，因为你的系统会定期得到更新。


所以，在 openSUSE Tumbleweed 中，你会得到更新的桌面环境版本、内核版本等等，你会得到一个最先进的、新鲜的系统。


另一方面，openSUSE Leap 坚持使用较早的、LTS 版本的桌面环境和 Linux 内核，给你一个可靠的系统。当然也会有系统和安全的补丁，并且每隔几年会有一个重大版本，为你的系统提供更新的软件和内核。


#### 快速回顾一下 openSUSE 发布模式的变化历史


![OpenSUSELeap 安装程序](/data/attachment/album/202111/09/102806gjvv3azv5isaa1fv.png)


从提供一个发行版分支到两个似乎是一个很大的飞跃，所以让我给你介绍一下历史背景。Tumblewee 项目是由 [Greg Kroah-Hartman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Kroah-Hartman) 在 2010 年 11 月宣布的。其目的是创建一个 “滚动更新版本的 openSUSE 存储库，包含供人们使用的最新‘稳定’版软件包”。这个项目并不是一个新的发行版，而是对现有 openSUSE 系统的附加部分。


这在 2014 年发生了变化，当时 openSUSE 背后的团队决定将下一个版本基于 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server（SLES）开发。他们将这个新版本命名为 “Leap 42”（解释一下，“42” 这个数字来自《<ruby> 银河系漫游指南 <rt>  Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy </rt></ruby>》，其中 “42” 被认为是生命、宇宙和一切的答案）。（ LCTT 译注：在瞎飙了版本后之后，它们又回到了 15.x 这种按部就班的版本号）目前 openSUSE Leap 的版本是 15.2。


随着这一变化，Tumbleweed 成为 openSUSE 的官方发行版。有趣的是，根据 openSUSE 2020 年底的 [社区调查](https://en.opensuse.org/End-of-year-surveys/2020/Data#Uses_Tumbleweed_as_Desktop_on_a_regular_basis)，越来越多的人选择使用 Tumbleweed。


### 你应该使用 Leap 还是 Tumbleweed？


下一个问题是，“如果底层技术基本相同，那么应该使用这两个中的哪一个？”让我为你分析一下。


openSUSE Leap 是稳定的，经过高度测试的。它应该用于较旧的系统和需要长期无问题运行的计算机。这是因为所提供的软件不是最新和最好的，而是最稳定的。因为新的版本每 3 年才会发布一次，所以你安排的任何工作流程都是相对安全的。（一定要记得备份。）Leap 在其整个发布周期中坚持使用同一个 Linux 内核。


![OpenSUSE Leap 桌面](/data/attachment/album/202111/09/102807uzbcaraa5gr15ocz.png)


使用 Leap，你不会收到最新版本的软件。你也将以较慢的速度获得硬件支持。你将需要每年至少更新一次你的系统以继续获得更新。Leap 就像 Ubuntu LTS 一样。


另一方面，openSUSE Tumbleweed 拥有所有软件的最新版本，包括内核、驱动程序和桌面环境。由于它是一个滚动发行版，所以你所使用的版本基本上没有寿命结束的可能。


Tumbleweed 不断接受更新的事实也会导致一些问题，比如工作流程或工具的损坏，一般来说，它打磨得比较粗糙。如果发生这种情况，Tumbleweed 确实有工具可以回滚到以前的状态，以避免这些问题。Tumbleweed 非常紧跟 Linux 内核的发布。


![openSUSE Tumbleweed 桌面](/data/attachment/album/202111/09/102808zy600rbjii1b00b7.png)


让我为你总结一下，以帮助你做出决定。


如果：


* 稳定性对你来说很重要
* 你是 openSUSE 的新手
* 你的硬件较旧
* 你在运行一个生产服务器
* 如果你正在为一个不懂技术的朋友或家人建立一个系统


那么你应该使用 Leap。


如果：


* 你想尝试最新、最棒的软件
* 你的硬件较新
* 你对 Linux 比较有经验
* 你是一个软件开发者
* 你需要专有的硬件驱动，比如 Nvidia 或 Radeon 显卡，或者 Broadcom 的 Wi-Fi 适配器
* 你想要最新的内核版本


那么你应该使用 Tumbleweed。


我希望能为你解开疑惑。如果你已经在使用 Leap 或 Tumbleweed，请在评论区告诉我们你的偏好和建议。




---


via: <https://itsfoss.com/opensuse-leap-vs-tumbleweed/>


作者：[John Paul](https://itsfoss.com/author/john/) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
[openSUSE is a very popular Linux distros](https://itsfoss.com/why-use-opensuse/), especially in the enterprise world. [SUSE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUSE_Linux) has been around in one form or another since 1996. During most of that time, they have only had one version.

Then, in 2015, they changed things up and decided to offer two versions: Leap and Tumbleweed.

If you are new to [openSUSE](https://www.opensuse.org/), it is easy to get confused between Tumbleweed and Leap. A reader recently asked us to explain the similarities and difference between the two, that’s just what we’ll do today.

## What is the difference between openSUSE Leap and Tumbleweed?

The most significant difference between the two is release schedule. openSUSE Leap releases a new version every few years on a set schedule, similar to Ubuntu and Fedora. Tumbleweed on the other hand is a rolling release that closely follows the openSUSE development cycle, just like Arch or Void.

![opensuse leap vs tumbleweed](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/11/opensuse-leap-vs-tumbleweed-800x264.webp)

You know the advantages of a [rolling release distribution](https://itsfoss.com/rolling-release/), don’t you? It gives you the latest software versions and you don’t have to upgrade your system for a major release because your system keeps on getting updates regularly.

So, you get newer desktop environment releases, kernel versions and more in openSUSE Tumbleweed. You get a cutting edge, fresh system. Tumbleweed is one of the [best rolling release distros](https://itsfoss.com/best-rolling-release-distros/).

On the other hand, openSUSE Leap sticks to older, LTS versions of desktop environments, Linux kernels to give you a rock solid system. There will be system and security patches of course and a major release after every few years to provide your system newer software and kernel.

### A quick look back at the history of openSUSE release model change

![openSUSE Leap installer](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/11/opensuse-leap-installer-800x600.png)

Going from offering one distro option to two might seem like a big leap, so let me give you a little historical background. The Tumbleweed project was [announced](https://lists.opensuse.org/archives/list/project@lists.opensuse.org/message/NNRPP2KJ6TJ3QLLYJC2E62JADHT5GWMY/) in November of 2010 by [Greg Kroah-Hartman](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Kroah-Hartman). The goal was to create a “repo that is a rolling updated version of openSUSE containing the latest “stable” versions of packages for people to use”. This project wasn’t a new distro, but an add-on for an existing openSUSE install.

This changed in 2014 when the team behind openSUSE decided to base the next release on SUSE Linux Enterprise Server. They named this new release “Leap 42”. (For those unaware, 42 is a reference to the Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, where 42 is said to be the answer to life, the universe and everything.) The current version of openSUSE Leap is 15.2.

With this change, Tumbleweed became an official openSUSE distribution Interestingly, according to the openSUSE End of the Year 2020 [Community Survey](https://en.opensuse.org/End-of-year-surveys/2020/Data#Uses_Tumbleweed_as_Desktop_on_a_regular_basis), more people use Tumbleweed as their distro of choice.

## Should you use Leap or Tumbleweed?

![opensuse leap vs tumbleweed](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/11/opensuse-leap-vs-tumbleweed.png)

The next question is, “If the underlying technology is pretty much the same, who should use either of the two options?” Let me break that down for you.

openSUSE Leap is stable and highly tested. It should be used for older systems and computers that needs to run for a long time without any issue. This is because the software available is not the latest and greatest, but the most stable. Because a new revision is only released every 3 years, any workflow you put in place is relatively safe. (Always remember to back up.)

![openSUSE Leap desktop](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/11/opensuse-leap-deaktop-800x600.png)

With Leap, you will not receive the latest versions of software. You will also receive hardware support at a slower rate. You will need to update your system at least once a year to continue to get updates.

openSUSE Tumbleweed on the other hand has the latest version of all software, including kernels, drivers, and desktop environments. It is [based](https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Tumbleweed) on Factory, openSUSE’s main development codebase. Unlike the majority of rolling distros, “Tumbleweed is updated once Factory’s bleeding edge software has been integrated, stabilized and tested.” Tumbleweed undergoes a number of tests to make sure it is stable. Since it is a rolling distro, there is theoretically no end of life for the version you are using.

The fact that Tumbleweed is constantly receiving updates can also lead to problems, like workflow or tool breakage, and is generally rough around the edges. If this occurs, Tumbleweed does have tools to roll back to a previous state to avoid these issues. Tumbleweed follows Linux kernel releases very closely. Strangely, only Tumbleweed is available in 32-bit.

![openSUSE Tumbleweed desktop](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/11/opensuse-tumbleweed-deaktop-800x603.png)

Let me summarize things for you to help you make a decision.

You should use Leap if:

- Stability is important to you
- You are new to openSUSE
- You have older hardware
- You run a server in production
- If you are setting up a system for a non-technical friend or family member
- You depend on “3rd party kernel driver modules including graphic drivers”

You should use Tumbleweed if:

- You want to try out the latest and greatest software
- You have newer hardware
- You are more experienced with Linux
- You are a software developer
- You need proprietary hardware drivers, such as for Nvidia or Radeon display adapters, or Broadcom Wi-Fi adapters
- You want the latest kernel version
- You have a 32-bit computer

Note: Neither Leap nor Tumbleweed come with the codecs needed to play audio and video. They have to downloaded separately from a community site.

I hope this cleared the air for you. If you are already using either Leap or Tumbleweed, please let us know your preference and recommendation in the comment section.