如何确定待办事项上任务的优先级
待办事项

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> 使用艾森豪威尔矩阵更好地安排你的待办事项的优先次序。
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![](/data/attachment/album/202209/30/121930xx0jnngx0oa8jl88.jpg "Team checklist and to dos")


在本文中，将研究一种在待办事项上确定任务优先级的策略。想要找到适合你日常工作的开源工具，请查看 [此列表](https://opensource.com/article/20/5/alternatives-list)。


把事情添加到任务或待办事项中很容易。几乎太容易了。而一旦列入清单，挑战就变成了弄清楚先做什么。我们要做清单首位的事情吗？清单首位的事情是最重要的吗？如何弄清楚最重要的事是什么？


![To-do list](/data/attachment/album/202209/30/121934di65455jzn5llxh1.png "To-do list")


*要做的事。今天？明天？谁知道呢？（Kevin Sonney, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)）*


[与电子邮件一样](https://opensource.com/article/21/1/email-rules)，我们可以根据一些事情来确定任务的优先级，这可以让我们弄清楚什么事情需要先做，什么可以等到以后再做。


我使用一种被称为“<ruby> 艾森豪威尔矩阵 <rt>  Eisenhower Matrix </rt></ruby>” 的方法，它取自美国总统 <ruby> 德怀特·戴维·艾森豪威尔 <rt>  Dwight D. Eisenhower </rt></ruby> 的一句话。画一个水平和垂直分割的方框。在列上标明“紧急”和“不紧急”，在行上标明“重要”和“不重要”。


![Eisenhower matrix](/data/attachment/album/202209/30/121935xqdhplfyhauy0ud0.png "Eisenhower matrix")


*一个艾森豪威尔矩阵。（Kevin Sonney, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)）*


你可以把待办事项上的任务放在其中一个框里。但如何知道一个任务应该放在哪里？紧迫性和重要性往往是主观的。因此，第一步就是决定什么对你来说是重要的。我的家庭（包括宠物）、工作和爱好都很重要。如果待办事项上的东西与这三件事无关，我可以立即把它放到 “不重要” 行。


紧迫性是一个比较简单的问题。一件事需要在今天或明天完成吗？那么它可能是 “紧急的”。一件事是否有一个即将到来的最后期限，但离那个时间还有几天/几周/几个月，或者它根本就没有最后期限？当然是 “不急的”。


现在我们可以将这些框转化为优先级。“紧急/重要” 是最高优先级（即第一优先级），需要首先完成。接下来是 “不紧急/重要”（优先级 2），然后是 “紧急/不重要”（优先级 3），最后是 “不紧急/不重要”（优先级 4 或根本没有优先级）。


请注意，“紧急/不重要” 是第三位，而不是第二位。这是因为，人们花了很多时间在那些看似重要的事情上，只是因为它们比较紧急，实际上这些事并不是重要的。当我看到这类事项时，我会问自己一些问题。这些任务需要我具体完成吗？这些任务我可以要求其他人去做吗？它们对其他人来说是否重要和紧急？而这是否改变了它们对我的重要性？也许它们需要重新分类，或者我可以要求别人完成，并将它们从我的清单中删除。


![After prioritizing](/data/attachment/album/202209/30/121935pg4tvtlw4urhtct4.png "After prioritizing")


*确定优先级后。（Kevin Sonney, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/)）*


对于“不紧急/不重要”框中的事项，有一个问题要问，那就是 “这些事情到底需不需要放在我的清单上？”说实话，我们经常用那些不紧急或不重要的事情来填满待办事项清单，但其实完全可以将它们从清单上删除。我知道承认 “这事永远不会完成” 是很难的，但在接受这个事实后，把这个事情从清单上删除并且不用再为它担心，是一种解脱。


经过这一切，看着清单很容易说出：“这是我现在需要做的事情。” 然后完成它。这就是待办事项的作用：为一天提供指导和重点。




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via: <https://opensource.com/article/21/1/prioritize-tasks>


作者：[Kevin Sonney](https://opensource.com/users/ksonney) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[Veryzzj](https://github.com/Veryzzj) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
In prior years, this annual series covered individual apps. This year, we are looking at all-in-one solutions in addition to strategies to help in 2021. Welcome to day 4 of 21 Days of Productivity in 2021. In this article, I'll examine a strategy for prioritizing tasks on a to-do list. To find the open source tool that suits your routine, check out [this list](https://opensource.com/article/20/5/alternatives-list).

It is easy to add things to a task or to-do list. Almost too easy, really. And once on the list, the challenge becomes figuring out what to do first. Do we do the thing at the top of the list? Is the top of the list the most important thing? How do we figure out what the most important thing is?

![To-do list To-do list](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/pictures/to-do-list.png?itok=bQ5ILwCD)

To-do. Today? Tomorrow? Who knows? (Kevin Sonney, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/))

[Much like email](https://opensource.com/article/21/1/email-rules), we can prioritize tasks based on a couple of things, and this lets us figure out what needs to be done first and what can wait until later.

I use a method commonly known as the *Eisenhower Matrix* since it was taken from a quote by US President Dwight D. Eisenhower. Draw a box split horizontally and vertically. Label the columns "Urgent" and "Not Urgent," and the rows "Important" and "Not Important."

![Eisenhower matrix Eisenhower matrix](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/pictures/eisenhower-matrix.png?itok=Tl9sy2ke)

An Eisenhower Matrix. (Kevin Sonney, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/))

You can typically put all of the things on a to-do list in one of the boxes. But how do we know what to put where? Urgency and importance are often subjective. So the first step is to decide what is important to you. My family (including my pets), my work, and my hobbies are all important. If something on my to-do list isn't related to those three things, I can immediately put it into the "Not Important" row.


Urgency is a little more cut and dry. Is it something that needs to be done today or tomorrow? Then it is probably "Urgent." Does it have a deadline that is approaching, but there are days/weeks/months until that time, or perhaps it doesn't have a deadline at all? Certainly "Not Urgent."

Now we can translate the boxes into priorities. "Urgent/Important" is the highest priority (i.e., Priority 1) and needs to be done first. "Not Urgent/Important" comes next (Priority 2), then "Urgent/Not Important" (Priority 3), and finally "Not Urgent/Not Important" (Priority 4 or no priority at all).

Notice that "Urgent/Not Important" is third, not second. This is because people spend a lot of time on things that are important because they are urgent, not because they are *actually* important. When I look at these, I ask myself some questions. Are these tasks that need to be done by me specifically? Are these tasks I can ask other people to do? Are they important and urgent for someone else? Does that change their importance for me? Maybe they need to be re-classified, or perhaps they are things I can ask someone else to do and remove them from my list.

![After prioritizing After prioritizing](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/medium/public/pictures/after-prioritizing.png?itok=kCkrODSH)

After prioritizing. (Kevin Sonney, [CC BY-SA 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/))

There is a single question to ask about the items in the "Not Urgent/Not Important" box, and that is "Do these need to even be on my list at all?" In all honesty, we often clog up our to-do lists with things that are not urgent or important, and we can remove them from our list altogether. I know it is hard to admit that "This is never going to get done," but after I accept that, it is a relief to take that item off my list and not worry about it anymore.

After all that, it is pretty easy to look at my list and say, "This is what I need to work on now," and get it done, which is what my to-do list is for: Providing guidance and focus to my day.

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