在抛弃 Xorg 之前，请三思。Wayland 会毁掉一切！
Wayland
![](/data/attachment/album/202312/31/163306vitxpidi2u7o0ol9.jpg)



> 
> LCTT 译注：之前翻译发布的《Wayland 真的毁掉一切了吗？》引来了很多讨论，为了使讨论更全面，我也将该文所反驳的原文也翻译过来，供大家参考。
> 
> 
> 


如果你希望现有的应用程序能够“顺利运行”，而不需要做调整，那么你可能更愿意避免使用 Wayland。


Wayland 并没有解决我遇到的问题，但却破坏了我几乎需要的一切。甚至是最基本、最简单的事情（如 `xkill`） - *在这种情况下没有明显的替代品*。通常，它会保持破坏的状态，因为 Wayland 的人员似乎主要关心的是 Automotive、Gnome，也许还有 KDE - 并在此过程中忽视了其他人，比如那些只使用 X11 窗口管理器或 GNUstep 的人。


Wayland 的支持者们让人们觉得 Wayland 是 Xorg 的“继任者”，但事实上并非如此。它只是一个不兼容的替代品，并且甚至没有（也不打算）具有对等的功能（存在 [功能缺失](https://github.com/probonopd/wayland-x11-compat-protocols/)）。不像 X11（X 窗口系统），Wayland 协议设计者们积极避开“窗口”的概念，而是编造出让人无法理解的词语，如 “[xdg\_toplevel](https://wayland.app/protocols/xdg-shell#xdg_toplevel)”。


**不要使用 Wayland 会话！** 不要让 Wayland 毁掉一切，然后让其他人修复它造成的破坏。或者强制让每个人更多地使用红帽或 Gnome 组件（glib、Portals、Pipewire）！


Wayland 似乎是由那些对已有软件毫不关心的人创造出来的。他们以为每个人都乐于重写所有东西，或者只使用 Linux 上的 Gnome（而不是，NetBSD 上与 ROX Filer 搭配使用的 twm 之类）。


**补充**：当我写下上述内容时，我并没有真正意识到 Wayland 究竟是什么，我只是注意到一些发行版（如 Fedora）开始推送它给我，并在我开始使用后发现了一些问题。现在我明白了实际上你不能“安装 Wayland”，因为与 Xorg 不同，并没有一个“Wayland 显示服务器”，每个桌面环境都有自己的“显示服务器”。也许 “Wayland 的开发者们” 关心的并不只是 Gnome，但任何在 Gnome 的 Wayland 实现中的修复并不能自动地惠及所有的 Wayland 软件用户，也许他们也不会推荐这种实现。


**2023 年 12 月再次补充**：如果有什么东西想要替代桌面电脑（比如专业 Unix 工作站）的 X11，那么它最好支持用于那种场景的所有需要的功能（以及关键概念，如窗口）。那些人们的冰箱上也有显示器在这种讨论，在此并不重要。我们需要提出 [缺失的 Wayland 协议](https://github.com/probonopd/wayland-x11-compat-protocols/) 以实现与 X11 的全面功能一致性。


### Wayland 的设计本身就存在问题


* 一旦窗口管理器出现崩溃，所有正在运行的应用程序都将被迫停止。
* ~~你无法以 root 用户的身份运行应用程序~~
* 设计上的限制使你无法执行在 Xorg 中可以实现的众多功能
* 没有一个被所有人所使用，且与桌面环境无关的 `/usr/bin/wayland` 显示服务器应用程序（这与 Xorg 不同）
* 它将大量的工作都推给了窗口管理器。结果就是，在不同的窗口管理器中，相同的基础功能可能会有不同的实现方式，存在不同的表现和问题——也就是说，那些在桌面环境 A 中正常运行的可能在桌面环境 B 中并不适用（例如，你经常会听到有人说某个功能 “在 Wayland 上能正常工作”，但是实际上它只能在 Gnome 和 KDE 上正常运行，而不能在所有的 Wayland 实现上运行）。这个问题在以下的链接中得到了很好的总结：<https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/wayland/wayland/-/issues/233> 。


### Wayland 造成破坏的情况


下面列出了许多这种破坏情况，译者不打算详细列出细节（可在原文处查看）。这些人们补充的 Wayland 造成破坏的情况有：


* Wayland 影响了屏幕录制应用的正常运行
* Wayland 影响了屏幕共享应用的正常运行
* Wayland 影响了自动化软件的正常运行
* Wayland 影响了 Gnome-Global-AppMenu（Gnome 的全局菜单）的正常运行
* Wayland 破坏了与 KDE platformplugin 的全局菜单链接
* Wayland 影响了与非 KDE Qt platformplugins 的全局菜单正常运行
* Wayland 影响了那些没有提供特殊 Wayland Qt 插件的 AppImage 的运行
* Wayland 影响了 Redshift 的正常运行
* Wayland 影响了全局快捷键的正常使用
* Xfce 在 Wayland 下可能无法正常工作？
* Wayland 在英伟达硬件上可能无法正常工作？
* Wayland 在英特尔硬件上表现异常
* Wayland 偏向 Linux，影响了 BSD 的正常运行
* Wayland 复杂化了服务器端窗口装饰的处理
* Wayland 影响了窗口自我提升 / 激活的功能
* Wayland 影响了 RescueTime 的正常工作
* Wayland 影响了窗口管理器的正常运行
* Wayland 需要 JWM、TWM、XDM、IceWM 等重新实现类似 Xorg 的功能
* Wayland 影响了 \_NET\_WM\_STATE\_SKIP\_TASKBAR 协议的正常使用
* Wayland 影响了 NoMachine NX 的正常运行
* Wayland 影响了 xclip 的正常使用
* Wayland 影响了 SUDO\_ASKPASS 的正常工作
* Wayland 影响了 X11 atoms 的正常使用
* Wayland 影响了游戏的正常运行
* Wayland 影响了 xdotool 的正常使用
* Wayland 影响了 xkill 的正常工作
* Wayland 影响了屏保的正常显示
* Wayland 影响了窗口位置设置的准确性
* Wayland 影响了色彩管理的正确性
* Wayland 影响了 DRM 租赁的正常流程
* Wayland 影响了家庭内流媒体的正常播放
* Wayland 影响了 NetWM 的正常工作
* Wayland 影响了窗口图标的正常显示
* Wayland 影响了拖放功能的正常使用


### 解决方法


对于用户：可以避免使用 Wayland 会话，或者卸载那些只提供 Wayland 会话的桌面环境或 Linux 分发版。同时，也可以尽量避免使用只适用于 Wayland 的应用，比如 [PreSonus Studio One](https://support.presonus.com/hc/en-us/articles/19214558269581-Linux-Getting-Started)（可能的解决策略：在 <https://github.com/cage-kiosk/cage> 中运行此类应用）。


对于应用开发者：可以采取措施强制在 X11/Xwayland 上运行应用程序，就像 2023 年 11 月的 LibrePCB 所做的一样。


### 强制用户习惯 Wayland 的实例


这种情况正是本文想要警告和避免的。


* Asahi Linux 对 ARM 架构的 Mac 强制使用 Wayland，详情参见： <https://social.treehouse.systems/@marcan/110354541574112092>
* Fedora 对 KDE Plasma 强制使用 Wayland，详情参见：<https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/KDE_Plasma_6#Why_drop_the_X11_session_with_the_Plasma_6_upgrade>?
* 红帽对 RHEL 强制使用 Wayland，详情参见：<https://www.redhat.com/de/blog/rhel-10-plans-wayland-and-xorg-server>


### 参考资料


* Dudemanguy's Musings：[Wayland 无法挽救 Linux 桌面](https://dudemanguy.github.io/blog/posts/2022-06-10-wayland-xorg/wayland-xorg.html)
* Chris Titus Tech：Wayland 对比 Xorg <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_MBJcD3SFI>
* tildearrow：[有人说 “反 Wayland 无稽之谈” 吗？](https://tildearrow.org/?p=post&month=2&year=2021&item=antihs)
* pcsx2：[CI/Linux：禁用 Wayland 并进行“春天大扫除”](https://github.com/PCSX2/pcsx2/pull/10179)


*（题图：DA/fbfad36b-baba-4237-aceb-c86b99ef379b）*




---


via: <https://gist.github.com/probonopd/9feb7c20257af5dd915e3a9f2d1f2277>


作者：[Probonopd](https://gist.github.com/probonopd) 译者：[ChatGPT](https://linux.cn/lctt/ChatGPT) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


OK
Hence, if you are interested in existing applications to "just work" without the need for adjustments, then you may be better off avoiding Wayland.

Wayland solves no issues I have but breaks almost everything I need. Even the most basic, most simple things (like `xkill`

) - *in this case with no obvious replacement*. And usually it stays broken, because the Wayland folks mostly seem to care about Automotive, Gnome, maybe KDE - and alienating everyone else (e.g., people using just an X11 window manager or something like GNUstep) in the process.

The Wayland project seems to operate like they were starting a [greenfield project](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenfield_project), whereas at the same time they try to position Wayland as "the X11 successor", which would clearly require a lot of thought about not breaking, or at least providing a smooth upgrade path for, existing software.

In fact, it is merely an incompatible alternative, and not even one that has (nor wants to have) feature parity ([missing features](https://github.com/probonopd/wayland-x11-compat-protocols/)). And unlike X11 (the X *Window* System), Wayland protocol designers actively avoid the concept of "windows" (making up incomprehensible words like "[xdg_toplevel](https://wayland.app/protocols/xdg-shell#xdg_toplevel)" instead).

**DO NOT USE A WAYLAND SESSION!** Let Wayland not destroy everything and then have other people fix the damage it caused. Or force more Red Hat/Gnome components (glib, Portals, Pipewire) on everyone!

**Please add more examples to the list.**

Wayland seems to be made by people who do not care for existing software. They assume everyone is happy to either rewrite everything or to just use Gnome on Linux (rather than, say, twm with ROX Filer on NetBSD).

**Edit:** When I wrote the above, I didn't really realize what Wayland even *was*, I just noticed that some distributions (like Fedora) started pushing it onto me and things didn't work properly there. Today I realize that you can't "install Wayland", because unlike Xorg, there is not one "Wayland display server" but actually every desktop envrironment has its own. And maybe "the Wayland folks" don't "only care about Gnome", but then, any fix that is done in Gnome's Wayland implementation isn't automatically going to benefit *all* users of Wayland-based software, and possibly isn't even the implementation "the Wayland folks" would necessarily recommend.

**Edit 12/2023:** If something wants to replace X11 for desktop computers (such as professional Unix workstations), then it better support all needed features (and key concepts, like *windows*) for that use case. That people also have displays on their fridge doesn't matter the least bit in that context of discussion. Let's propose [the missing Wayland protocols](https://github.com/probonopd/wayland-x11-compat-protocols/) for full X11 feature parity.

**Edit 08/2024:** "Does Wayland becoming the defacto standard display server for Linux serve to marginalize BSD?" [https://fossforce.com/2024/07/the-unintended-consequences-linuxs-wayland-adoption-will-have-on-bsd/](https://fossforce.com/2024/07/the-unintended-consequences-linuxs-wayland-adoption-will-have-on-bsd/)

- A crash in the window manager takes down all running applications
~~You cannot run applications as root~~- You cannot do a lot of things that you can do in Xorg
*by design* - There is not one
`/usr/bin/wayland`

display server application that is desktop environment agnostic and is used by*everyone*(unlike with Xorg) - It offloads a lot of work to each and every window manager. As a result, the same basic features get implemented differently in different window managers, with different behaviors and bugs - so what works on desktop environment A does not necessarily work in desktop environment B (e.g., often you hear that something "works in Wayland", even though it only really works on Gnome and KDE, not in all Wayland implementations). This summarizes it very well:
[https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/wayland/wayland/-/issues/233](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/wayland/wayland/-/issues/233)

Apparently the Wayland project doesn't even **want** to be "X.org 2.0", and doesn't want to provide a commonly used implementation of a compositor that could be used by everyone: [https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/wayland/wayland/-/issues/233](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/wayland/wayland/-/issues/233). Yet this would imho be required if they want to make it into a worthwile "successor" that would have any chance of ever fixing the many Wayland issues at the core.

[MaartenBaert/ssr#431](https://github.com/MaartenBaert/ssr/issues/431)❌ broken since 24 Jan 2016, no resolution ("I guess they use a non-standard GNOME interface for this")[https://github.com/mhsabbagh/green-recorder](https://github.com/mhsabbagh/green-recorder)❌ ("I am no longer interested in working with things like ffmpeg/wayland/GNOME's screencaster or solving the issues related to them or why they don't work")[vkohaupt/vokoscreenNG#51](https://github.com/vkohaupt/vokoscreenNG/issues/51)❌ broken since at least 7 Mar 2020. ("I have now decided that there will be no Wayland support for the time being. Reason, there is no budget for it. Let's see how it looks in a year or two.") -**This is the key problem. Wayland breaks everything and then expects others to fix the wreckage it caused on their own expense.**[obsproject/obs-studio#2471](https://github.com/obsproject/obs-studio/issues/2471)❌ broken since at least 7 Mar 2020. ("Wayland is unsupported at this time", "There isn't really something that can just be easily changed. Wayland provides no capture APIs")- There is a workaround for OBS Studio that requires a
`obs-xdg-portal`

plugin (which is known to be Red Hat/Flatpak-centric, GNOME-centric,*"perhaps"*works with other desktops) [phw/peek#1191](https://github.com/phw/peek/issues/1191)❌ broken since 14 Jan 2023. Peek, a screen recording tool, has been abandoned by its developerdue to a number of technical challenges, mostly with Gtk and Wayland ("Many of these have to do with how Wayland changed the way applications are being handled")

As of February 2024, screen recording is **still broken utterly** on Wayland with the vast majority of tools. [Proof](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lOjs6axYOHw)

**Workaround:** Find a Wayland compositor that supports the `wlr-screencopy-unstable-v1`

protocol and use `wf-recorder -a`

. The default compositor in Raspberry Pi OS (Wayfire) does, but the default compositor in Ubuntu doesn't. (That's the worst part of Wayland: Unlike with Xorg, it always depends on the particular Wayand compositor what works and what is broken. Is there even one that supports *everything*?)

[jitsi/jitsi-meet#2350](https://github.com/jitsi/jitsi-meet/issues/2350)❌ broken since 3 Jan 2018[jitsi/jitsi-meet#6389](https://github.com/jitsi/jitsi-meet/issues/6389)❌ broken since 24 Jan 2016 ("Closing since there is nothing we can do from the Jitsi Meet side.")**See? Wayland breaks stuff and leaves application developers helpless and unable to fix the breakage, even if they wanted.**

**NOTE:** As of November 2023, screen sharing in Chromium using Jitsi Meet is **still utterly broken**, both in Raspberry Pi OS Desktop, and in a KDE Plasma installation, albeit with different behavior. Note that Pipewire, Portals and whatnot are installed, and even with them it does not work.

[raspberrypi/bookworm-feedback#149 (comment)](https://github.com/raspberrypi/bookworm-feedback/issues/149#issuecomment-1841954176)❌ broken since at least Nov 17, 2023 ("window sharing not being available in wlroots derived compositors (such as wayfire)")[flathub/us.zoom.Zoom#22](https://github.com/flathub/us.zoom.Zoom/issues/22)Zoom ❌ broken since at least 4 Jan 2019. ("Can not start share, we only support wayland on GNOME with Ubuntu (17, 18), Fedora (25 to 29), Debian 9, openSUSE Leap 15, Arch Linux").**No word about non-GNOME!**[https://community.zoom.com/t5/Meetings/Screensharing-only-works-on-GNOME-wayland-when-it-should-work-on/m-p/64823](https://community.zoom.com/t5/Meetings/Screensharing-only-works-on-GNOME-wayland-when-it-should-work-on/m-p/64823)Zoom ❌ Still broken as of 24 Jun 2022. ("... we only support Wayland on Gnome with Ubuntu 17 and above, Fedora 25 and above, Debian 9 and above ...")[probonopd/Zoom.AppImage#8](https://github.com/probonopd/Zoom.AppImage/issues/8)❌ broken since 1 Oct 2022 Zoom: "You need PulseAudio 1.0 and above to support audio share" on a system that uses pipewire-pulseaudio

```
sudo pkg install py37-autokey
This is an X11 application, and as such will not function 100% on
distributions that default to using Wayland instead of Xorg.
```


-
[https://gitlab.com/lestcape/Gnome-Global-AppMenu/-/issues/116](https://gitlab.com/lestcape/Gnome-Global-AppMenu/-/issues/116)❌ broken since 24 Aug 2018 ("because the lack of the Gtk+ Wayland support for the Global Menu") -
[https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=424485](https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=424485)❌ Still broken as of late 2023 ("I am also still not seeing GTK global menus on wayland. They appear on the applications themselves, wasting a lot of space.")

-
[https://blog.broulik.de/2016/10/global-menus-returning/](https://blog.broulik.de/2016/10/global-menus-returning/)("it uses global window IDs, which don’t exist in a Wayland world... no global menu on Wayland, I thought, not without significant re-engineering effort"). KDE had to do additional work to work around it. And it still did not work: -
[https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=385880](https://bugs.kde.org/show_bug.cgi?id=385880)("When using the Plasma-Wayland session, the global menu does not work.")

Good news: [According to this report](https://gist.github.com/probonopd/9feb7c20257af5dd915e3a9f2d1f2277?permalink_comment_id=4136012#gistcomment-4136012) global menus now work with KDE platformplugin as of 4/2022

[https://blog.broulik.de/2016/10/global-menus-returning/](https://blog.broulik.de/2016/10/global-menus-returning/)❌ broke non-KDE platformplugins. As a result, global menus now need`_KDE_NET_WM_APPMENU_OBJECT_PATH`

which only the KDE platformplugin sets, leaving everyone else in the dark

[https://blog.martin-graesslin.com/blog/2018/03/unsetting-qt_qpa_platform-environment-variable-by-default/](https://blog.martin-graesslin.com/blog/2018/03/unsetting-qt_qpa_platform-environment-variable-by-default/)❌ broke AppImages that don't ship a special Wayland Qt plugin. "This affects proprietary applications, FLOSS applications bundled as appimages, FLOSS applications bundled as flatpaks and not distributed by KDE and even the Qt installer itself. In my opinion this is a showstopper for running a Wayland session." However, there is a workaround: "AppImages which ship just the XCB plugin will automatically fallback to running in xwayland mode" (see below).

[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/redshift](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/redshift)❌ broken ("Redshift does not support Wayland since it offers no way to adjust the color temperature")

Update 2023: **Some** Wayland compositors (such as Wayfire) now support `wlr_gamma_control_unstable_v1`

, see [https://github.com/WayfireWM/wayfire/wiki/Tutorial#configuring-wayfire](https://github.com/WayfireWM/wayfire/wiki/Tutorial#configuring-wayfire) and [jonls/redshift#663](https://github.com/jonls/redshift/pull/663). Does it work in *all* Wayland compositors though?

[albertlauncher/albert#309](https://github.com/albertlauncher/albert/issues/309)❌ broken since 7 Jan 2017 ("This is a security measure, but has the side effect of preventing applications from registering their own global hotkeys")[YouTube video by René Rebe](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0l817ymu-s)

See below.

Apparently Wayland relies on nouveau drivers for NVidia hardware. The nouveau driver has been giving unsatisfactory performance since its inception. Even clicking on the application starter icon in Gnome results in a stuttery animation. Only the proprietary NVidia driver results in full performance.

See below.

Update 2024: The situation might slowly be improving. It remains to be seen whether this will work well also for all existing old Nvidia hardware (that works well in Xorg).

[https://cfenollosa.com/blog/fed-up-with-the-mac-i-spent-six-months-with-a-linux-laptop-the-grass-is-not-greener-on-the-other-side.html](https://cfenollosa.com/blog/fed-up-with-the-mac-i-spent-six-months-with-a-linux-laptop-the-grass-is-not-greener-on-the-other-side.html)❌ broken since at least 02 Apr 2021 ("Screen tearing with the intel driver. Come on. This was solved on xorg and now with Wayland it's back.")

[https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1274451](https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1274451)❌ broken since 22 Oct 2015 ("No this will only fix sudo for X11 applications. Running GUI code as root is still a bad idea." I absolutely detest it when software tries to prevent me from doing what some developer thinks is "a bad idea" but did not consider my use case, e.g., running`truss`

for debugging on FreeBSD needs to run the application as root.[https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1323302](https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1323302)suggests it is not possible: "These sorts of security considerations are very much the way that "the Linux desktop" is going these days".)

[https://blog.netbsd.org/tnf/entry/wayland_on_netbsd_trials_and](https://blog.netbsd.org/tnf/entry/wayland_on_netbsd_trials_and)❌ broken since 28 Sep 2020 ("Wayland is written with the assumption of Linux to the extent that every client application tends to #include <linux/input.h> because Wayland's designers didn't see the need to define a OS-neutral way to get mouse button IDs. (...) In general, Wayland is moving away from the modularity, portability, and standardization of the X server. (...) I've decided to take a break from this, since it's a fairly huge undertaking and uphill battle. Right now, X11 combined with a compositor like picom or xcompmgr is the more mature option."

[https://blog.martin-graesslin.com/blog/2018/01/server-side-decorations-and-wayland/](https://blog.martin-graesslin.com/blog/2018/01/server-side-decorations-and-wayland/)❌ FUD since at least 27 January 2018 ("I heard that GNOME is currently trying to lobby for all applications implementing client-side decorations. One of the arguments seems to be that CSD is a must on Wayland. " ... "I’m burnt from it and are not interested in it any more.") Server-side window decorations are what make the title bar and buttons of*all*windows on a system*consistent*. They are a must have_ for a consistent system, so that applications written e.g., Gtk will not look entirely alien on e.g., a Qt based desktop, and to enforce that developers cannot place random controls into window titles where they do not belong. Client-side decorations, on the other hand, are destroying uniformity and consistency, put additional burden on application and toolkit developers, and allow e.g., GNOME developers to put random controls (that do not belong there) into window titles (like buttons), hence making it more difficult to achieve a uniform look and feel for all applications regardless of the toolkit being used.

Red Hat employee Matthias Clasen ("I work at the Red Hat Desktop team... I am actually a manager there... the people who do the actual work work for me") expicitly stated "Client-side everything" as a principle, even though the protocol doesn't enforce it: "Fonts, Rendering, Nested Windows, *Decorations*. "It also gives the design more freedom to use the titlebar space, which is something our designers appreciate" (sic). [Source](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xVVT6Lo7fGI)

[https://phabricator.kde.org/D16648#470609](https://phabricator.kde.org/D16648#470609)("Wayland clients can't raise or activate themselves"), ❌ broken since May 27 2019

[https://help.rescuetime.com/article/117-common-linux-issues](https://help.rescuetime.com/article/117-common-linux-issues)("One of the features of Wayland is that it prevents apps from doing precisely what RescueTime is trying to do—track activity in other windows.") ❌ broken since June 3, 2021

Apparently Wayland (at least as implemented in KWin) does not respect EWMH protocols, and breaks other command line tools like wmctrl, xrandr, xprop, etc. Please see the discussion below for details.


- Screen recording and casting
- Querying of the mouse position, keyboard LED state, active window position or name, moving windows (xdotool, wmctrl)
- Global shortcuts
- System tray
- Input Method support/editor (IME)
- Graphical settings management (i.e. tools like xranrd)
- Fast user switching/multiple graphical sessions
- Session configuration including but not limited to 1) input devices 2) monitors configuration including refresh rate / resolution / scaling / rotation and power saving 3) global shortcuts
- HDR/deep color support
- VRR (variable refresh rate)
- Disabling input devices (xinput alternative)
As it currently stands minor WMs and DEs do not even intend to support Wayland given the sheer complexity of writing all the code required to support the above features. You do not expect JWM, TWM, XDM or even IceWM developers to implement all the featured outlined in ^1.


[https://github.comelectron/electron#33226](https://github.comelectron/electron#33226)("skipTaskbar has no effect on Wayland. Currently Electron uses`_NET_WM_STATE_SKIP_TASKBAR`

to tell the WM to hide an app from the taskbar, and this works fine on X11 but there's no equivalent mechanism in Wayland." Workarounds are only available for*some*desktops including GNOME and KDE Plasma.) ❌ broken since March 10, 2022

[https://kb.nomachine.com/TR03S10126?s=wayland](https://kb.nomachine.com/TR03S10126?s=wayland)❌ broken since 2021-03-09 ("The session becomes unresponsive once logged-in to the Wayland desktop")

`xclip`

is a command line utility that is designed to run on any system with an X11 implementation. It provides an interface to X selections ("the clipboard"). Apparently Wayland isn't compatible to the X11 clipboard either.

[AppImage/AppImageKit#1221 (comment)](https://github.com/AppImage/AppImageKit/issues/1221#issuecomment-1279650452)❌ broken since 2022-20-15 ("Espanso built for X11 will not work on Wayland due to`xclip`

. Wayland asks for`wl-copy`

")

This is another example that the Wayland requires everyone to change components and take on additional work just because Wayland is incompatible to what we had working for all those years.

[https://github.com/linuxhw/hw-probe-pyqt5-gui/commit/eb2d6e5145fb8571414bda57676084b7f13b94e5#diff-23cb15995f1502beebb38433bfa83204a5f45b376eaf88e2e41a0d8a1cd44722R290](https://github.com/linuxhw/hw-probe-pyqt5-gui/commit/eb2d6e5145fb8571414bda57676084b7f13b94e5#diff-23cb15995f1502beebb38433bfa83204a5f45b376eaf88e2e41a0d8a1cd44722R290)❌ broken since 2022-04-09 ("`SUDO_ASKPASS`

doesn't work on Wayland currently, so piping the password")

X11 atoms can be used to store information on windows. For example, a file manager might store the path that the window represents in an X11 atom, so that it (and other applications) can know for which paths there are open file manager windows. Wayland is not compatible to X11 atoms, resulting in all software that relies on them to be broken until specifically ported to Wayland (which, in the case of legacy software, may well be never).

**Possible workaround** (to be verified): Use the (Qt proprietary?) Extended Surface Wayland protocol casually mentioned in [https://blog.broulik.de/2016/10/global-menus-returning/](https://blog.broulik.de/2016/10/global-menus-returning/) "which allows you to set (and read?) arbitrary properties on a window". Is it the `set_generic_property`

from [https://github.com/qt/qtwayland/blob/dev/src/extensions/surface-extension.xml](https://github.com/qt/qtwayland/blob/dev/src/extensions/surface-extension.xml)?

Games are developed for X11. And if you run a game on Wayland, performance is subpar due to things like forced vsync. Only recently, *some* Wayland implementations (like KDE KWin) let you disable that.

(Details to be added; apparently no 1:1 drop-in replacement available?)

`xkill`

(which I use on a regular basis) does not work with Wayland applications.

What is the equivalent for Wayland applications?

Is it true that Wayland also breaks screensavers?
[https://www.jwz.org/blog/2023/09/wayland-and-screen-savers/](https://www.jwz.org/blog/2023/09/wayland-and-screen-savers/)

Other platforms (Windows, Mac, other destop environments) can set the window position on the screen, so all cross-platform toolkits and applications expect to do the same on Wayland, but Wayland can't (doesn't want to) do it.

[PCSX2/pcsx2#10179](https://github.com/PCSX2/pcsx2/pull/10179)PCX2 (Playstation 2 Emulator) ❌ broken since 2023-10-25 ("Disables Wayland, it's super broken/buggy in basically every scenario. KDE isn't too buggy, GNOME is a complete disaster.")

Apparently color management as of 2023 (well over a decade of Wayland development) is still in the early "thinking" stage, all the while Wayland is already being pushed on people as if it was a "X11 successor".

[https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/pq/color-and-hdr/-/blob/main/doc/color-management-model.md](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/pq/color-and-hdr/-/blob/main/doc/color-management-model.md)

According to Valve, "DRM leasing is the process which allows SteamVR to take control of your VR headset's display in order to present low-latency VR content".

- "Unfortunately not all Wayland compositors support DRM leasing"
[https://help.steampowered.com/en/faqs/view/18A4-1E10-8A94-3DDA](https://help.steampowered.com/en/faqs/view/18A4-1E10-8A94-3DDA)- "not all" highlights one of the fundamental problems with Wayland - there is fragmentation

[ValveSoftware/steam-for-linux#6148](https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-for-linux/issues/6148)❌ broken since 2019-03-17

Extended Window Manager Hints, a.k.a. NetWM, is an X Window System standard for the communication between window managers and applications

-
Wayland breaks window icons when no

`.desktop`

files are used: Seemingly Wayland requires developers to use the`xdg-shell`

protocol, which in turn requires developers to use reverse-DNS application IDs and[set_app_id](https://wayland.app/protocols/xdg-shell#xdg_toplevel:request:set_app_id), which causes the icon to be loaded from the`.desktop`

file. This is serious breakage, as not all desktop environments (for good reasons) use`.desktop`

files. A display server should have no business in this, as this belongs into the domain of the desktop environment.[https://community.kde.org/Guidelines_and_HOWTOs/Wayland_Porting_Notes#Application_Icon](https://community.kde.org/Guidelines_and_HOWTOs/Wayland_Porting_Notes#Application_Icon),[https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/wayland/wayland-protocols/-/issues/52](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/wayland/wayland-protocols/-/issues/52)❌ broken since 2021-06-21 -
Qt

`setWindowIcon`

has no effect on KDE/Wayland[https://bugreports.qt.io/browse/QTBUG-101427](https://bugreports.qt.io/browse/QTBUG-101427)("Resolution: Out of scope", meaning it cannot be fixed in Qt, "Using`QT_QPA_PLATFORM=xcb`

works, though", meaning that if you disable Wayland then it works) ❌ broken since 2022-03-03 -
LibrePCB developer: "Btw it's just one of several problems we have with Wayland, therefore we still enforce LibrePCB to run with XWayland. It's a shame, but

**I feel totally helpless against such decisions made by Wayland**and using XWayland is the only reasonable option (which even works perfectly fine)..."[https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/wayland/wayland-protocols/-/issues/52#note_2155885](https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/wayland/wayland-protocols/-/issues/52#note_2155885)

**Update 6/2024:** Looks like this will get unbroken thanks to `xdg_toplevel_icon_manager_v1`

, so that [ QWindow::setIcon will work again](https://codereview.qt-project.org/c/qt/qtwayland/+/558537).

**If**, and that's a big if, all compositors will support it. At least

[KDE](https://invent.kde.org/plasma/kwin/-/merge_requests/5680)is on it.

- On Raspberry Pi OS (which is running a Wayland session by default), dragging a file out of a zip file onto the desktop fails with "XDirectSave failed."
- The same seems to be true in Gnome:
[https://discourse.gnome.org/t/xdnddirectsave-and-wayland/2954](https://discourse.gnome.org/t/xdnddirectsave-and-wayland/2954)

- Many window managers have a
`--replace`

argument, but Wayland compositors break this convention.

Xpra is an open-source multi-platform persistent remote display server and client for forwarding applications and desktop screens.

- Under Xpra a context menu cannot be used: it opens and closes automatically before you can even move the mouse on it. "It's not just GDK, it's the Wayland itself. They decided to break existing applications and expect them to change how they work." (
[Xpra-org/xpra#4246](https://github.com/Xpra-org/xpra/issues/4246)) ❌ broken since 2024-06-01

**Users:**Refuse to use Wayland sessions. Uninstall desktop environments/Linux distributions that only ship Wayland sessions. Avoid Wayland-only applications (such as[PreSonus Studio One](https://support.presonus.com/hc/en-us/articles/19214558269581-Linux-Getting-Started)) (potential workaround: run in[https://github.com/cage-kiosk/cage](https://github.com/cage-kiosk/cage))**Application developers:**Enforce running applications on X11/XWayland (like LibrePCB does as of 11/2023)

This is exactly the kind of behavior this gist seeks to prevent.

- Asahi Linux enforces Wayland for ARM-based Macs:
[https://social.treehouse.systems/@marcan/110354541574112092](https://social.treehouse.systems/@marcan/110354541574112092) - Fedora enforces Wayland for KDE Plasma:
[https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/KDE_Plasma_6#Why_drop_the_X11_session_with_the_Plasma_6_upgrade](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/KDE_Plasma_6#Why_drop_the_X11_session_with_the_Plasma_6_upgrade)? - Red Hat enforces Wayland for RHEL:
[https://www.redhat.com/de/blog/rhel-10-plans-wayland-and-xorg-server](https://www.redhat.com/de/blog/rhel-10-plans-wayland-and-xorg-server)

- 2008: Wayland was started by krh (while at Red Hat)
- End of 2012: Wayland 1.0
- Early 2013: GNOME begins Wayland porting

Source: ["Where's Wayland?" by Matthias Clasen - Flock 2014](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xVVT6Lo7fGI)

A decade later... Red Hat wants to force Wayland upon everyone, removing support for Xorg

- Dudemanguy's Musings,
[Wayland Isn't Going to Save The Linux Desktop](https://dudemanguy.github.io/blog/posts/2022-06-10-wayland-xorg/wayland-xorg.html) - Chris Titus Tech: Wayland vs Xorg
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_MBJcD3SFI](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_MBJcD3SFI) - tildearrow:
[did somebody say "anti-Wayland horseshit"?](https://tildearrow.org/?p=post&month=2&year=2021&item=antihs) [pcsx2: CI/Linux: Disable Wayland and spring cleaning](https://github.com/PCSX2/pcsx2/pull/10179)[Testing SCREEN RECORDERS on Linux Mint Wayland](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lOjs6axYOHw)- ProtonPenguin:
[Wayland Breaks Everything](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ebDyyx37pDI)

You say that so easily. KDE plasma e.g crashes with confidence after couple of rules OR has framebuffer issues afterwards.

GNOME was stable no matter what but didnt allow for enough customization