新发布的 Debian 11 “Bullseye” Linux 发行版的 7 大亮点
Debian

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> 这个最新发布的通用操作系统已经来到。
> 
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> 


![](/data/attachment/album/202108/18/135936o5p78929hp6jy9hr.png)


期待已久的代号为 “Bullseye” 的 Debian 11 版本在经过两年的开发后终于来了。该版本将在未来五年内得到支持，就像任何其他的 Debian 稳定版版本一样。


感到兴奋吗？让我们来看看 Debian 11 的新内容。


### 1、新主题


Debian 11 带有一个新的 “Homeworld” 主题。它的灵感来自 [包豪斯运动](https://mymodernmet.com/what-is-bauhaus-art-movement/)，这是一种 20 世纪初诞生于德国的艺术风格，其特点是对建筑和设计的独特处理。


![Debian 11 的默认壁纸](/data/attachment/album/202108/18/135937wh8zl25alsd1px44.png)


在 Debian 11 中，无论是在登录界面、安装程序还是 Grub 菜单上，你都会看到这个主题。


![Grub 屏幕](/data/attachment/album/202108/18/135937kasnwkfxjnkjscms.png)


![安装程序](/data/attachment/album/202108/18/135938w4652ymvm3m34yv5.png)


![登录屏幕](/data/attachment/album/202108/18/135938zh02tbrhhohjh08t.png)


### 2、较新版本的桌面环境


Debian 11 包含了它所提供的桌面变体的较新版本：


* GNOME 3.38
* KDE Plasma 5.20
* LXDE 11
* LXQt 0.16
* MATE 1.24
* Xfce 4.16


如果你使用 Fedora 或 Arch/Manjaro 等先锐发行版，你可能会觉得很奇怪。但就是这样。Debian 更倾向于稳定，因此桌面环境的版本不是最新的。当然，它们与之前的 Debian 稳定版相比，还是比较新的。


### 3、软件包更新


Debian 已经更新了它的软件包库。Debian 11 包括了多达 11294 个新软件包，软件包总数多达 59551 个。42821 个软件包有了新的版本。删除了 9519 个软件包。


也就是说你应该会看到像 LibreOffice、Emacs、GIMP 以及各种服务器和编程相关工具等流行应用程序的新版本。


### 4、Linux 内核 5.10 LTS


Debian 11 带有 [Linux 5.10 内核，这是一个长期支持（LTS）版本](https://news.itsfoss.com/kernel-5-10-release/)。Debian 10 Buster 在发布时使用的是 Linux 4.19 内核。


一个新的内核显然意味着对硬件有更好的支持，特别是较新的硬件以及性能的改进。


### 5、打印机和扫描器的改进


Debian 11 带来了新的软件包 ipp-usb。它使用了许多现代打印机所支持的供应商中立的 IPP-over-USB 协议。这意味着许多较新的打印机将被 Debian 11 所支持，而不需要驱动程序。


同样地，SANE 无驱动后端可以让你轻松使用扫描仪。


### 6、支持 exFAT


你不再需要使用 exfat-fuse 包来挂载 exFAT 文件系统。借助 Linux 5.10 内核，Debian 11 已经支持 exFAT 文件系统，并且默认使用它来挂载 exFAT 文件系统。


### 7、仍然支持 32 位


这算是一个功能吗？考虑到现在只有 [少数几个 Linux 发行版支持 32 位架构](https://itsfoss.com/32-bit-linux-distributions/)，我觉得是。


除了 32 位和 64 位 PC，Debian 11 还支持 64 位 ARM（arm64）、ARM EABI（armel）、ARMv7（EABI hard-float ABI，armhf）、小端 MIPS（mipsel）、64 位小端 MIPS（mips64el）、64 位小端 PowerPC（ppc64el）和 IBM System z（s390x）。


现在你知道为什么它被称为“通用操作系统”了吧。 ?


### 其他变化


在这个版本中还有一些变化：


* Systemd 默认使用控制组 v2（cgroupv2）。
* 针对中文、日文、韩文和其他许多语言的新 Fcitx 5 输入法。
* Systemd 日记日志默认为持久性的。
* 一个新的打开命令，可以用某个应用程序（GUI 或 CLI）从命令行自动打开文件。
* 本地系统账户的密码散列现在默认使用 yescrypt 而不是 SHA-512 来提高安全性。


更多信息可以在 [官方发布说明](https://www.debian.org/releases/bullseye/amd64/release-notes/ch-whats-new.en.html) 中找到。


### 获取 Debian 11


Debian 11 可以从其网站下载。只要前往该网站并从那里获得 ISO。


* [下载 Debian](https://www.debian.org/)


如果你已经在使用 Debian 10，你可以 [通过改变你的源列表轻松升级到 Debian 11](https://www.debian.org/releases/bullseye/amd64/release-notes/ch-upgrading.en.html) 。


享受最新和最棒的通用操作系统吧。?




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via: <https://news.itsfoss.com/debian-11-feature/>


作者：[Abhishek](https://news.itsfoss.com/author/root/) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
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The much awaited release of Debian 11 codenamed Bullseye is finally here after two years of development. The release will be supported for the next five years like any other Debian stable version release.

Excited about it? Let’s see what’s new in Debian 11.

## 1. New theme

Debian 11 comes with a new ‘Homeworld’ theme. It is inspired by the [Bauhaus movement](https://mymodernmet.com/what-is-bauhaus-art-movement/?ref=news.itsfoss.com), an art style born in Germany in the early 20th century and characterized by its unique approach to architecture and design.

![Debian 11 default wallpaper](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/08/homeworld_desktop-1024x576.png)

You’ll see this theme everywhere in Debian 11 be it on the login screen, installer or on the Grub menu.

Grub screen Installer Login screen

## 2. Newer version of desktop environments

Debian 11 consists of newer version of the desktop flavors it offers:

- GNOME 3.38
- KDE Plasma 5.20
- LXDE 11
- LXQt 0.16
- MATE 1.24
- Xfce 4.16

If you use cutting-edge distributions like Fedora or Arch/Manjaro, you may find it weird. But here’s the thing. Debian prefers stability, and hence the desktop environment versions are not the latest ones. They are newer in comparison to the previous Debian stable release.

## 3. Package updates

Debian has updates its package repositories. Debian 11 includes over 11294 new packages taking the total to over 59551 packages. Over 42821 software packages have newer versions. Over 9519 packages have been removed for the distribution.

This means that you should see newer versions of the popular applications like LibreOffice, Emacs, GIMP and various server and programming related tools.

## 4. Linux Kernel 5.10 LTS

Debian 11 features [Kernel 5.10 which is a long term support (LTS) release](https://news.itsfoss.com/kernel-5-10-release/). Debian 10 Buster used Kernel 4.19 at the time of its release.

A new kernel obviously means better support for hardware, specially the newer hardware along with performance improvements.

## 5. Printer and Scanner improvement

Debian 11 brings the new package ipp-usb. It uses the vendor-neutral IPP-over-USB protocol supported by many modern printers. This means that many newer printers will be supported by Debian 11 without needing the drivers.

Similarly, SANE driverless backend allows using scanners painlessly.

## 6. ExFAT support

You no longer need to exfat-fuse package for mounting ExFAT filesystem. Thanks to the Linux kernel 5.10, Debian 11 has support for the exFAT filesystem, and defaults to using it for mounting exFAT filesystems.

## 7. Still supports 32 bit

Is that even a feature? Considering that only a [handful of Linux distributions now support 32-bit architecture](https://itsfoss.com/32-bit-linux-distributions/?ref=news.itsfoss.com), I would say yes.

Apart from 32-bit and 64-bit PC, Debian 11 also supports 64-bit ARM (arm64), ARM EABI (armel), ARMv7 (EABI hard-float ABI, armhf), little-endian MIPS (mipsel), 64-bit little-endian MIPS (mips64el), 64-bit little-endian PowerPC (ppc64el) and IBM System z (s390x).

Now you know why is it called the ‘universal operating system’ 🙂

## Other changes

There are a few more changes in this release.

- Systemd defaults to using control groups v2 (cgroupv2).
- New Fcitx 5 is input method for Chinese, Japanese, Korean and many other languages.
- Systemd journal logs are persistent by default.
- A new open command to automatically open files from command-line with a certain app (GUI or CLI).
- Password hashing for local system accounts now uses yescrypt by default instead of SHA-512 for improved security.

More information can be found in the [official release notes](https://www.debian.org/releases/bullseye/amd64/release-notes/ch-whats-new.en.html?ref=news.itsfoss.com).

## Getting Debian 11

Debian 11 is available to download from its website. Just head over to the website and get the ISO from there and start [installing Debian](https://itsfoss.com/install-debian-easily/?ref=news.itsfoss.com).

If you are already using Debian 10, you can [easily upgrade to Debian 11 by changing your sources list. ](https://www.debian.org/releases/bullseye/amd64/release-notes/ch-upgrading.en.html?ref=news.itsfoss.com)

Enjoy the latest and greatest of the universal operating system 🙂

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