Debian 8 &quot;Jessie&quot; 发布！
Debian Debian 8 Jessie
**2015年4月25日** ，在经历了近24个月的持续开发之后，Debian 项目自豪地宣布最新的稳定版本8的发布（代号 “**Jessie**” ），归功于[Debian安全团队](http://security-team.debian.org/)和[Debian长期支持](https://wiki.debian.org/LTS)团队的工作，该版本将在接下来的5年内获得支持。


![Debian](/data/attachment/album/201504/26/204308k3p5us1urfk42q1p.jpg)


“**Jessie**” 与新的默认 init 系统 `systemd` 一同到来。`systemd` 套件提供了许多激动人心的特性，如更快的启动速度、系统服务的 cgroups 支持、以及独立出部分服务的可能性。不过，`sysvinit` init系统在 “**Jessie**” 中依然可用。


在 “**Wheezy**” 中引入的 UEFI 支持（*“Unified Extensible Firmware Interface”*，统一的可扩展固件接口）同样在 “**Jessie**” 中得到了大幅改进。其中包含了许多已知固件 bug 的临时性解决方案，支持32位系统上的UEFI，也支持64位内核运行在32位 UEFI 固件上（后者仅被包含在我们的 `amd64/i386` “multi-arch” 安装介质中）。


自上个版本发布以来，Debian 项目的成员同样对我们的支持服务做出了重要改进。其中之一是[可浏览所有 Debian 的源码](https://www.debian.org/News/weekly/2013/14/#sources)，该服务目前放在 [sources.debian.net](https://sources.debian.net/)。当然，在超过20000个源码包里想要找到正确的文件确实令人望而生畏。因此，我们同样十分高兴地上线 [Debian 代码搜索](https://www.debian.org/News/weekly/2014/17/#DCS)，它放在 [codesearch.debian.net](https://codesearch.debian.net/)。这两项服务都由一个完全重写并且更加反应敏捷的[包追踪系统](https://tracker.debian.org/)提供。


该版本包含大量的软件包更新，如：


* Apache 2.4.10
* Asterisk 11.13.1
* GIMP 2.8.14
* 一个GNOME桌面环境 3.14 的升级版本
* GCC 编译器 4.9.2
* Icedove 31.6.0 (一个 Mozilla Thunderbird 的再发布版本)
* Iceweasel 31.6.0esr (一个 Mozilla Firefox 的再发布版本)
* KDE Plasma Workspaces 和 KDE Applications 4.11.13
* LibreOffice 4.3.3
* Linux 3.16.7-ctk9
* MariaDB 10.0.16 和 MySQL 5.5.42
* Nagios 3.5.1
* OpenJDK 7u75
* Perl 5.20.2
* PHP 5.6.7
* PostgreSQL 9.4.1
* Python 2.7.9 和 3.4.2
* Samba 4.1.17
* Tomcat 7.0.56 和 8.0.14
* Xen Hypervisor 4.4.1
* Xfce 4.10桌面环境
* 超过43000个其它可供使用的软件包，从将近20100个源码包编译而来


与如此之多的软件包选择和照例的广泛架构支持，Debian 再次向它的目标：成为通用操作系统迈出正确的一步。Debian 适用于各种不同情形：从桌面系统到上网本；从开发服务器到集群系统；以及数据库，web，或存储服务器。同时，在此基础之上的质量保证工作，如对 Debian 上所有包的自动安装和升级测试，让 “**Jessie**” 可以满足用户拥有一个稳定的 Debian 版本的高期望值。


总共支持十种架构：32位PC/Intel IA-32(`i386`)，64位PC/Intel EM64T / x86-64 (`amd64`)，Motorola/IBM PowerPC (旧硬件的`powerpc`和新的64位`ppc64el`(little-endian))，MIPS (`mips` 大端和 `mipsel`小端)，IBM S/390 (64位 `s390x`)以及 ARM 新老32位硬件的`armel`和`armhf`，加上给新64位 *“AArch64”* 架构的`arm64`。


### 想尝试一下？


如果你仅仅是想在不安装的情况下体验 Debian 8 “**Jessie**”，你可以使用一个特殊的镜像，即 live 镜像，可以用在 CD，U 盘以及网络启动设置上。最先只有 `amd64` 和 `i386` 架构提供这些镜像。Live 镜像同样可以用来安装 Debian。更多信息请访问 [Debian Live 主页](http://live.debian.net/)。


但是如果你想安装 Debian 到你的计算机的话，有不少安装媒介可供你选择，如蓝光碟，DVD，CD 以及 U 盘，或者从网络安装。有几种桌面环境：GNOME，KDE Plasma 桌面及 Plasma 应用，Xfce 以及 LXDE，它们可以从CD镜像中安装，也可以从 CD/DVD 的启动菜单里选择想要的桌面环境。另外，同样提供了多架构 CD 和 DVD，可以从单一磁盘选择安装不同架构的系统。或者你还可以创建可启动 U 盘安装媒介（参看[安装指南](https://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/installmanual)获得更多细节）。对云用户，Debian 还提供了[预构建 OpenStack 镜像](http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/openstack/current/)可供使用。


安装镜像现在同样可以通过 [bittorrent](https://www.debian.org/CD/torrent-cd/)（推荐下载方式），[jigdo](https://www.debian.org/CD/jigdo-cd/#which) 或 [HTTP](https://www.debian.org/CD/http-ftp/) 下载，查看[Debian 光盘](https://www.debian.org/CD/)获得更进一步的信息。“**Jessie**” 不久将提供实体 DVD，CD-ROM，以及无数[供应商](https://www.debian.org/CD/vendors)的蓝光碟。


### 升级 Debian


如果从前一个版本 Debian 7（代号 “**Wheezy**” ）升级到 Debian 8，大部分配置情况 apt-get 包管理工具都能够自动解决。Debian 系统一如既往地能够就地无痛升级，无需强制停机。强烈推荐阅读[发行注记](https://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/releasenotes)和[安装指南](https://www.debian.org/releases/jessie/installmanual)来了解可能存在的问题，并了解安装和升级建议。发行注记会在发布后的几周内进一步改进，并翻译成其他语言。


关于 Debian
---------


Debian 是一个自由操作系统，由成千上万来自全世界的志愿者通过互联网协作开发。Debian 项目的关键力量是它的志愿者基础，它对 Debian 社群契约和自由软件的贡献，以及对提供最好的操作系统可能的承诺。Debian 8是其前进方向上又一重要一步。


联系信息
----


获取更多信息，请访问 Debian 主页 <https://www.debian.org/> 或发送电子邮件至[press@debian.org](mailto:press@debian.org)。




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via: <https://www.debian.org/News/2015/20150426>


译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
# Debian 8 Jessie

released

**April 25th, 2015**

After almost 24 months of constant development the Debian project is
proud to present its new stable version 8 (code name Jessie

),
which will be supported for the next 5 years thanks to the combined
work of the [Debian Security
team](http://security-team.debian.org/) and of the [Debian Long Term
Support](https://wiki.debian.org/LTS) team.

Jessie

ships with a new default init system, `systemd`

. The
`systemd`

suite provides many exciting features such as faster
boot times, cgroups for services, and the possibility of isolating part of
the services. The `sysvinit`

init system is still available
in Jessie

.

The UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface

) support introduced in
Wheezy

has also been greatly improved in Jessie.
This includes workarounds for many known firmware bugs, support
for UEFI on 32-bit systems, and support for 64-bit kernels with 32-bit UEFI
firmware (with the latter being included only on our `amd64/i386`

multi-arch

installation media).

Since the previous release, members of the Debian project have also
made important improvements to our supporting services. One of these is [a browsable
view of all source code shipped in Debian](https://www.debian.org/News/weekly/2013/14/#sources) currently available at
[sources.debian.net](https://sources.debian.net). Of
course, with over 20,000 source packages, it can be quite daunting to
locate the right file. Therefore, we are also very
pleased to present [Debian Code
Search](https://www.debian.org/News/weekly/2014/17/#DCS), available at [codesearch.debian.net](https://codesearch.debian.net/).
Both services are complemented by a completely rewritten and more
responsive [package tracking system](https://tracker.debian.org/).

This release includes numerous updated software packages, such as:

- Apache 2.4.10
- Asterisk 11.13.1
- GIMP 2.8.14
- an updated version of the GNOME desktop environment 3.14
- GNU Compiler Collection 4.9.2
- Icedove 31.6.0 (an unbranded version of Mozilla Thunderbird)
- Iceweasel 31.6.0esr (an unbranded version of Mozilla Firefox)
- KDE Plasma Workspaces and KDE Applications 4.14.2
- LibreOffice 4.3.3
- Linux 3.16.7-ckt9
- MariaDB 10.0.16 and MySQL 5.5.42
- Nagios 3.5.1
- OpenJDK 7u75
- Perl 5.20.2
- PHP 5.6.7
- PostgreSQL 9.4.1
- Python 2.7.9 and 3.4.2
- Samba 4.1.17
- Tomcat 7.0.56 and 8.0.14
- Xen Hypervisor 4.4.1
- the Xfce 4.10 desktop environment
- more than 43,000 other ready-to-use software packages, built from nearly 20,100 source packages.

With this broad selection of packages and its traditional wide architecture support,
Debian once again stays true
to its goal of being the universal operating system. It is suitable
for many different use cases: from desktop systems to netbooks; from
development servers to cluster systems; and for database, web, or
storage servers. At the same time, additional quality assurance
efforts like automatic installation and upgrade tests for all packages
in Debian's archive ensure that Jessie

fulfills the high
expectations that users have of a stable Debian release.

A total of ten architectures are supported: 32-bit PC / Intel IA-32
(`i386`

), 64-bit PC / Intel EM64T / x86-64
(`amd64`

), Motorola/IBM PowerPC (`powerpc`

for
older hardware and `ppc64el`

for the new 64-bit
(little-endian)), MIPS (`mips`

(big-endian) and
`mipsel`

(little-endian)), IBM S/390 (64-bit
`s390x`

) and for ARM, `armel`

and `armhf`

for old and new 32-bit hardware, plus `arm64`

for the new 64-bit
AArch64

architecture.

### Want to give it a try?

If you simply want to try Debian 8 Jessie

without having to install it, you can use a
special image, known as a live image, available for CDs, USB sticks, and netboot
setups. Initially, these images are provided for the `amd64`

and
`i386`

architectures only. It is also possible to use these live
images to install Debian. More information is available from the
[Debian Live homepage](http://live.debian.net/).

If, instead, you want to install it to your computer's permanent storage, you can choose from
a range of installation media, such as Blu-ray Discs, DVDs,
CDs, and USB sticks, or from the network. Several desktop environments —
GNOME, KDE Plasma Desktop and Applications, Xfce, and LXDE — may be
installed through CD images; the desired one may be chosen from the boot menus
of the CDs/DVDs. In addition, multi-architecture CDs and DVDs are available
which support installation of multiple architectures from a single disc.
Or you can always create bootable USB installation media
(see the [Installation Guide](../../releases/jessie/installmanual)
for more details). For cloud users Debian also offers
[pre-built
OpenStack images](https://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/openstack/current/), ready to use.

The installation images may be downloaded right now via
[bittorrent](../../CD/torrent-cd/) (the recommended method),
[jigdo](../../CD/jigdo-cd/#which), or
[HTTP](../../CD/http-ftp/); see
[Debian on CDs](../../CD/) for further information. Jessie

will
soon be available on physical DVD, CD-ROM, and Blu-ray Discs from
numerous [vendors](../../CD/vendors) too.

### Upgrading Debian

Upgrades to Debian 8 from the previous release, Debian
7 (codenamed Wheezy

), are automatically handled by
the apt-get package management tool for most configurations.
As always, Debian systems may be upgraded painlessly, in place,
without any forced downtime, but it is strongly recommended to read
the [release notes](../../releases/jessie/releasenotes) as well as
the [installation guide](../../releases/jessie/installmanual)
for possible issues, and for detailed instructions on installing and
upgrading. The release notes will be further improved and translated
to additional languages in the weeks after the release.

## About Debian

Debian is a free operating system, developed by thousands of volunteers from all over the world who collaborate via the Internet. The Debian project's key strengths are its volunteer base, its dedication to the Debian Social Contract and Free Software, and its commitment to provide the best operating system possible. Debian 8 is another important step in that direction.

## Contact Information

For further information, please visit the Debian web pages at
[https://www.debian.org/](../../) or send mail to
<press@debian.org>.