如何配置一个小朋友使用的 Linux
孩子 发行版
![](/data/attachment/album/201801/20/225319qudbrl0w2h07nr2x.jpg)


如果你接触电脑有一段时间了，提到 Linux，你应该会联想到一些特定的人群。你觉得哪些人在使用 Linux？别担心，这就告诉你。


Linux 是一个可以深度定制的操作系统。这就赋予了用户高度控制权。事实上，家长们可以针对小朋友设置出一个专门的 Linux 发行版，确保让孩子不会在不经意间接触那些高危地带。但是相比 Windows，这些设置显得更费时，但是一劳永逸。Linux 的开源免费，让教室或计算机实验室系统部署变得容易。


### 小朋友的 Linux 发行版


这些为儿童而简化的 Linux 发行版，界面对儿童十分友好。家长只需要先安装和设置，孩子就可以完全独立地使用计算机了。你将看见多彩的图形界面，丰富的图画，简明的语言。


不过，不幸的是，这类发行版不会经常更新，甚至有些已经不再积极开发了。但也不意味着不能使用，只是故障发生率可能会高一点。


![qimo-gcompris](/data/attachment/album/201801/20/225320mpuj4eifuefzwufo.jpg "qimo-gcompris")


#### 1. Edubuntu


[Edubuntu](http://www.edubuntu.org) 是 Ubuntu 的一个分支版本，专用于教育事业。它拥有丰富的图形环境和大量教育软件，易于更新维护。它被设计成初高中学生专用的操作系统。


#### 2. Ubermix


[Ubermix](http://www.ubermix.org/) 是根据教育需求而被设计出来的。Ubermix 将学生从复杂的计算机设备中解脱出来，就像手机一样简单易用，而不会牺牲性能和操作系统的全部能力。一键开机、五分钟安装、二十秒钟快速还原机制，以及超过 60 个的免费预装软件，ubermix 就可以让你的硬件变成功能强大的学习设备。


#### 3. Sugar


[Sugar](http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Downloads) 是为“每个孩子一台笔记本（OLPC）计划”而设计的操作系统。Sugar 和普通桌面 Linux 大不相同，它更专注于学生课堂使用和教授编程能力。


**注意** ：很多为儿童开发的 Linux 发行版我并没有列举，因为它们大都不再积极维护或是被长时间遗弃。


### 为小朋友过筛选内容的 Linux


只有你，最能保护孩子拒绝访问少儿不宜的内容，但是你不可能每分每秒都在孩子身边。但是你可以设置“限制访问”的 URL 到内容过滤代理服务器（通过软件）。这里有两个主要的软件可以帮助你。


![儿童内容过滤 Linux](/data/attachment/album/201801/20/225324wympvvudb9xvvh5i.png "linux-for-children-content-filtering")


#### 1、 DansGuardian


[DansGuardian](https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DansGuardian)，一个开源内容过滤软件，几乎可以工作在任何 Linux 发行版上，灵活而强大，需要你通过命令行设置你的代理。如果你不深究代理服务器的设置，这可能是最强力的选择。


配置 DansGuardian 可不是轻松活儿，但是你可以跟着安装说明按步骤完成。一旦设置完成，它将是过滤不良内容的高效工具。


#### 2、 Parental Control: Family Friendly Filter


[Parental Control: Family Friendly Filter](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/family-friendly-filter/) 是 Firefox 的插件，允许家长屏蔽包含色情内容在内的任何少儿不宜的网站。你也可以设置不良网站黑名单，将其一直屏蔽。


![firefox 内容过滤插件](/data/attachment/album/201801/20/225325kuixuaq3hs8uau33.png "firefox-content-filter-addon")


你使用的老版本的 Firefox 可能不支持 [网页插件](https://www.maketecheasier.com/best-firefox-web-extensions/)，那么你可以使用 [ProCon Latte 内容过滤器](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/procon-latte/)。家长们添加网址到预设的黑名单内，然后设置密码，防止设置被篡改。


#### 3、 Blocksi 网页过滤


[Blocksi 网页过滤](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/blocksi-web-filter/pgmjaihnmedpcdkjcgigocogcbffgkbn?hl=en) 是 Chrome 浏览器插件，能有效过滤网页和 Youtube。它也提供限时服务，这样你可以限制家里小朋友的上网时间。


### 闲趣


![Linux 儿童游戏：tux kart](/data/attachment/album/201801/20/225326icz2o11215lxlzt2.jpg "linux-for-children-tux-kart")


给孩子们使用的计算机，不管是否是用作教育，最好都要有一些游戏。虽然 Linux 没有 Windows 那么好的游戏性，但也在奋力追赶。这有建议几个有益的游戏，你可以安装到孩子们的计算机上。


* [Super Tux Kart](http://supertuxkart.sourceforge.net/)（竞速卡丁车）
* [GCompris](http://gcompris.net/)（适合教育的游戏）
* [Secret Maryo Chronicles](http://www.secretmaryo.org/)（超级马里奥）
* [Childsplay](http://www.schoolsplay.org/)（教育/记忆力游戏）
* [EToys](http://www.squeakland.org/about/intro/)（儿童编程）
* [TuxTyping](http://tux4kids.alioth.debian.org/tuxtype/index.php)（打字游戏）
* [Kalzium](http://edu.kde.org/kalzium/)（元素周期表）
* [Tux of Math Command](http://tux4kids.alioth.debian.org/tuxmath/index.php)（数学游戏）
* [Pink Pony](http://code.google.com/p/pink-pony/)（Tron 风格竞速游戏）
* [KTuberling](http://games.kde.org/game.php?game=ktuberling)（创造游戏）
* [TuxPaint](http://www.tuxpaint.org/)（绘画）
* [Blinken](https://www.kde.org/applications/education/blinken/)（[记忆力](https://www.ebay.com/sch/i.html?_nkw=memory) 游戏）
* [KTurtle](https://www.kde.org/applications/education/kturtle/)（编程指导环境）
* [KStars](https://www.kde.org/applications/education/kstars/)（天文馆）
* [Marble](https://www.kde.org/applications/education/marble/)（虚拟地球）
* [KHangman](https://www.kde.org/applications/education/khangman/)（猜单词）


### 结论：为什么给孩子使用 Linux？


Linux 以复杂著称。那为什么给孩子使用 Linux？这是为了让孩子适应 Linux。在 Linux 上工作给了解系统运行提供了很多机会。当孩子长大，他们就有随自己兴趣探索的机会。得益于 Linux 如此开放的平台，孩子们才能得到这么一个极佳的场所发现自己对计算机的毕生之恋。


本文于 2010 年 7 月首发，2017 年 12 月更新。


图片来自 [在校学生](https://www.flickr.com/photos/lupuca/8720604364)




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via: <https://www.maketecheasier.com/configure-linux-for-children/>


作者：[Alexander Fox](https://www.maketecheasier.com/author/alexfox/) 译者：[CYLeft](https://github.com/CYLeft) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
![keep-kids-safe-online-hero](https://www.maketecheasier.com/assets/uploads/2017/12/keep-kids-safe-online-hero.jpg)

If you’ve been around computers for a while, you might associate Linux with a certain stereotype of computer user. How do you know someone uses Linux? Don’t worry, they’ll tell you.

But Linux is an exceptionally customizable operating system. This allows users an unprecedented degree of control. In fact, parents can set up a specialized distro of Linux for children, ensuring children don’t stumble across dangerous content accidentally. While the process is more prolonged than using Windows, it’s also more powerful and durable. Linux is also free, which can make it well-suited for classroom or computer lab deployment.

## Linux Distros for Children

These Linux distros for children are built with simplified, kid-friendly interfaces. An adult will need to install and set up the operating system at first, but kids can run the computer entirely alone. You’ll find large colorful interfaces, plenty of pictures and simple language.

Unfortunately, none of these distros are regularly updated, and some are no longer in active development. That doesn’t mean they won’t work, but it does make malfunctions more likely.

![qimo-gcompris qimo-gcompris](https://www.maketecheasier.com/assets/uploads/2010/08/qimo-gcompris.jpg)

### 1. Edubuntu

[Edubuntu](https://www.edubuntu.org) is an education-specific fork of the popular Ubuntu operating system. It has a rich graphical environment and ships with a lot of educational software that’s easy to update and maintain. It’s designed for children in middle and high school.

### 2. Ubermix

[Ubermix](https://www.ubermix.org/) is designed from the ground up with the needs of education in mind. Ubermix takes all the complexity out of student devices by making them as reliable and easy-to-use as a cell phone without sacrificing the power and capabilities of a full operating system. With a turn-key, five-minute installation, twenty-second quick recovery mechanism, and more than sixty free applications pre-installed, ubermix turns whatever hardware you have into a powerful device for learning.

### 3. Sugar

[Sugar](https://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Downloads) is the operating system built for the One Laptop Per Child initiative. Sugar is pretty different from normal desktop Linux, with a heavy bias towards classroom use and teaching programming skills.

**Note**: do note that there are several more Linux distros for kids that we didn’t include in the list above because they have not been actively developed or were abandoned a long time ago.

## Content Filtering Linux for Children

The best tool for protecting children from accessing inappropriate content is you, but you can’t be there all the time. Content filtering via proxy filtering sets up certain URLs as “off limits.” There are two main tools you can use.

![linux-for-children-content-filtering linux-for-children-content-filtering](https://www.maketecheasier.com/assets/uploads/2017/12/linux-for-children-content-filtering.png)

### 1. DansGuardian

[DansGuardian](https://help.ubuntu.com/community/DansGuardian), an open-source content filter that works on virtually every Linux distro, is flexible and powerful, requiring command-line setup with a proxy of your choice. If you don’t mind digging into proxy settings, this is the most powerful choice.

Setting up DansGuardian is not an easy task, and you can follow the installation instructions on its main page. But once it is set up, it is a very effective tool to filter out unwanted content.

### 2. Parental Control: Family Friendly Filter

[Parental Control: Family Friendly Filter](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/family-friendly-filter/) is an extension for Firefox that allows parents to block sites containing pornography and any other kind of inappropriate material. You can blacklist particular domains so that bad websites are always blocked.

![firefox-content-filter-addon firefox-content-filter-addon](https://www.maketecheasier.com/assets/uploads/2017/12/firefox-content-filter-addon.png)

Tip: Here are some of the best [web extensions for Firefox](https://www.maketecheasier.com/best-firefox-web-extensions/).

### 3. Blocksi Web Filter

[Blocksi Web Filter](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/blocksi-web-filter/pgmjaihnmedpcdkjcgigocogcbffgkbn?hl=en) is an extension for Chrome and is useful for Web and Youtube filtering. It also comes with a time-access control so that you can limit the hours your kids can access the Web.

## Fun Stuff

![linux-for-children-tux-kart linux-for-children-tux-kart](https://www.maketecheasier.com/assets/uploads/2017/12/linux-for-children-tux-kart-e1513389774535.jpg)

Any computer for children better have some games on it, educational or otherwise. While Linux isn’t as gaming-friendly as Windows, it’s getting closer all the time. Here are several suggestions for constructive games you might load on to Linux for children:

[Super Tux Kart](https://supertuxkart.sourceforge.net/)(kart racing game)[GCompris](https://gcompris.net/index-en.html)(educational game suite)[Secret Maryo Chronicles](https://www.secretmaryo.org/)(Super Mario clone)[Kalzium](https://apps.kde.org/kalzium/)(periodic table guide)[Pink Pony](https://code.google.com/p/pink-pony/)(Tron-like racing game)[KTuberling](https://apps.kde.org/ktuberling/)(constructor game)[TuxPaint](https://tuxpaint.org/)(painting)[Blinken](https://www.kde.org/applications/education/blinken/)(memory game)[KTurtle](https://apps.kde.org/kturtle/)(educational programming environment)[KStars](https://apps.kde.org/kstars/)(desktop planetarium)[Marble](https://apps.kde.org/marble/)(virtual globe)[KHangman](https://apps.kde.org/khangman/)(hangman guessing game)

## Conclusion: Why Linux for Children?

Linux has a reputation for being needlessly complex. So why use Linux for children? It’s about setting kids up to learn. Working with Linux provides many opportunities to learn how the operating system works. As children get older, they’ll have opportunities to explore, driven by their own interests and curiosity. Because the Linux platform is so open to users, it’s an excellent venue for children to discover a life-long love of computers.

Image credit: [Children at school](https://www.flickr.com/photos/lupuca/8720604364)

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