树莓派使用入门：用树莓派学 Linux
树莓派

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> 我们的《树莓派使用入门》的第四篇文章将进入到 Linux 命令行。
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![](/data/attachment/album/201903/24/075620ygoar0wvn6sqwcun.png)


在本系列的 [第三篇文章](/article-10644-1.html) 中开始了我们的树莓派探索之旅，我分享了如何安装 Raspbian，它是树莓派的官方 Linux 版本。现在，你已经安装好了 Raspbian 并用它引导你的新树莓派，你已经具备学习 Linux 相关知识的条件了。


在这样简短的文章中去解决像“如何使用 Linux” 这样的宏大主题显然是不切实际的，因此，我只是给你提供一些如何使用树莓派来学习更多的 Linux 知识的一些创意而已。


我们花一些时间从命令行（又称“终端”）开始。自上世纪九十年代中期以来，Linux 的 [窗口管理器](https://opensource.com/article/18/8/window-manager) 和图形界面已经得到长足的发展。如今，你可以在 Linux 上通过鼠标点击来做一些事情了，就如同其它的操作系统一样容易。在我看来，只是“使用 Linux”和成为“一个 Linux 用户”是有区别的，后者至少能够在终端中“遨游“。


![](/data/attachment/album/201903/24/075621zqibajpiaqbqxiho.png)


如果你想成为一个 Linux 用户，从终端中尝试以下的命令行开始：


* 使用像 `ls`、`cd` 和 `pwd` 这样的命令导航到你的 Home 目录。
* 使用 `mkdir`、`rm`、`mv` 和 `cp` 命令创建、删除、和重命名目录。
* 使用命令行编辑器（如 Vi、Vim、Emacs 或 Nano）去创建一个文本文件。
* 尝试一些其它命令，比如 `chmod`、`chown`、`w`、`cat`、`more`、`less`、`tail`、`free`、`df`、`ps`、`uname` 和 `kill`。
* 尝试一下 `/bin` 和 `/usr/bin` 目录中的其它命令。


学习命令行的最佳方式还是阅读它的 “man 手册”（简称手册）；在命令行中输入 `man <command>` 就可以像上面那样打开它。并且在互联网上搜索 Linux 命令速查表可以让你更清楚地了解命令的用法 —— 你应该会找到一大堆能帮你学习的资料。


Raspbian 就像主流的 Linux 发行版一样有非常多的命令，假以时日，你最终将比其他人会用更多的命令。我使用 Linux 命令行已经超过二十年了，即便这样仍然有一些命令我从来没有使用过，即便是那些我使用的过程中就一直存在的命令。


最后，你可以使用图形环境去更快地工作，但是只有深入到 Linux 命令行，你才能够获得操作系统真正的强大功能和知识。




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via: <https://opensource.com/article/19/3/learn-linux-raspberry-pi>


作者：[Andersn Silva](https://opensource.com/users/ansilva) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[qhwdw](https://github.com/qhwdw) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
In the [third article](https://opensource.com/article/19/2/how-boot-new-raspberry-pi) in this series on getting started with Raspberry Pi, I shared info on installing Raspbian, the official version of Linux for Raspberry Pi. Now that you've installed Raspbian and booted up your new Pi, you're ready to start learning about Linux.

It's impossible to tackle a topic as big as "how to use Linux" in a short article like this, so instead I'll give you some ideas about how you can use the Raspberry Pi to learn more about Linux in general.


Start by spending time on the command line (aka the "terminal"). Linux [window managers](https://opensource.com/article/18/8/window-manager) and graphical interfaces have come a long way since the mid-'90s. Nowadays you can use Linux by pointing-and-clicking on things, just as easily as you can in *other* operating systems. In my opinion, there is a difference between just "using Linux" and being "a Linux user," and the latter means at a minimum being able to navigate in the terminal.

![Man terminal for Raspberry Pi on Linux Man terminal for Raspberry Pi on Linux](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/man-terminal.png)

If you want to become a Linux *user*, start by trying out the following on the command line:

- Navigate your home directory with commands like
**ls**,**cd**, and**pwd**. - Create, delete, and rename directories using the
**mkdir**,**rm**,**mv**, and**cp**commands. - Create a text file with a command line editor such as Vi, Vim, Emacs, or Nano.
- Try out some other useful commands, such as
**chmod**,**chown**,**w**,**cat**,**more**,**less**,**tail**,**free**,**df**,**ps**,**uname**, and**kill** - Look around
**/bin**and**/usr/bin**for other commands.

The best way to get help with a command is by reading its "man page" (short for manual); type **man <command>** on the command line to pull it up. And make sure to search the internet for Linux command cheat sheets—you should find a lot of options that will help you learn.

Raspbian, like most Linux distributions, has many commands and over time you will end up using some commands a lot more than others. I've been using Linux on the command line for over two decades, and there are still some commands that I've never used, even ones that have been around as long as I've been using Linux.

At the end of the day, you can use your graphical interface environment to get work done faster, but make sure to dive into the Linux command line, for that's where you will get the true power and knowledge of the operating system.

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