5 个开源的 Java IDE 工具
Java IDE

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> Java IDE 工具提供了大量的方法来根据你的独特需求和偏好创建一个编程环境。
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![](/data/attachment/album/202008/22/235441wnnorcvo4olasv8o.jpg)


通过简化程序员的工作，[Java](https://opensource.com/resources/java) 框架可以使他们的生活更加轻松。这些框架是为了在各种服务器环境上运行各种应用程序而设计开发的；这包括解析注解、扫描描述符、加载配置以及在 Java 虚拟机（JVM）上启动实际的服务等方面的动态行为。控制这么多的任务需要更多的代码，这就很难降低内存占用、加快新应用的启动时间。无论如何，据 [TIOBE 指数](https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/)，在当今使用的编程语言中 Java 一直排名前三，拥有着 700 万到 1000 万开发者的社区。


有这么多用 Java 编写的代码，这意味着有一些很好的集成开发环境（IDE）可供选择，可以为开发人员提供有效地编写、整理、测试和运行 Java 应用程序所需的所有工具。


下面，我将按字母顺序介绍五个我最喜欢的用于编写 Java 的开源 IDE 工具，以及如何配置它们的基本功能。


### BlueJ


[BlueJ](https://www.bluej.org/about.html) 为 Java 初学者提供了一个集成的教育性 Java 开发环境。它也可以使用 Java 开发工具包（JDK）开发小型软件。各种版本和操作系统的安装方式都可以在[这里](https://www.bluej.org/versions.html)找到。


在笔记本电脑上安装 BlueJ IDE 后，启动一个新项目，点击<ruby> 项目 <rt>  Project </rt></ruby>菜单中的<ruby> 新项目 <rt>  New Project </rt></ruby>，然后从创建一个<ruby> 新类 <rt>  New Class </rt></ruby>开始编写 Java 代码。生成的示例方法和骨架代码如下所示：


![BlueJ IDE screenshot](/data/attachment/album/202008/22/235549gxbh4zo0szvtzxsx.png "BlueJ IDE screenshot")


BlueJ 不仅为学校的 Java 编程课的教学提供了一个交互式的图形用户界面（GUI），而且可以让开发人员在不编译源代码的情况下调用函数（即对象、方法、参数）。


### Eclipse


[Eclipse](https://www.eclipse.org/ide/) 是桌面计算机上最著名的 Java IDE 之一，它支持 C/C++、JavaScript 和 PHP 等多种编程语言。它还允许开发者从 Eclipse 市场中的添加无穷无尽的扩展，以获得更多的开发便利。[Eclipse 基金会](https://www.eclipse.org/)提供了一个名为 [Eclipse Che](https://opensource.com/article/19/10/cloud-ide-che) 的 Web IDE，供 DevOps 团队在多个云平台上用托管的工作空间创建出一个敏捷软件开发环境。


[可以在这里下载](https://www.eclipse.org/downloads/)；然后你可以创建一个新的项目或从本地目录导入一个现有的项目。在[本文](https://opensource.com/article/19/10/java-basics)中找到更多 Java 开发技巧。


![Eclipse IDE screenshot](/data/attachment/album/202008/22/235606vcjq3h4n0qjilqqw.png "Eclipse IDE screenshot")


### IntelliJ IDEA


[IntelliJ IDEA CE（社区版）](https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/)是 IntelliJ IDEA 的开源版本，为 Java、Groovy、Kotlin、Rust、Scala 等多种编程语言提供了 IDE。IntelliJ IDEA CE 在有经验的开发人员中也非常受欢迎，可以用它来对现有源码进行重构、代码检查、使用 JUnit 或 TestNG 构建测试用例，以及使用 Maven 或 Ant 构建代码。可在[这里](https://www.jetbrains.org/display/IJOS/Download)下载它。


IntelliJ IDEA CE 带有一些独特的功能；我特别喜欢它的 API 测试器。例如，如果你用 Java 框架实现了一个 REST API，IntelliJ IDEA CE 允许你通过 Swing GUI 设计器来测试 API 的功能。


![IntelliJ IDEA screenshot](/data/attachment/album/202008/22/235634skhtta9tnnhxkrok.png "IntelliJ IDEA screenshot")


IntelliJ IDEA CE 是开源的，但其背后的公司也提供了一个商业的终极版。可以在[这里](https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/features/editions_comparison_matrix.html)找到社区版和终极版之间的更多差异。


### Netbeans IDE


[NetBeans IDE](https://netbeans.org/) 是一个 Java 的集成开发环境，它允许开发人员利用 HTML5、JavaScript 和 CSS 等支持的 Web 技术为独立、移动和网络架构制作模块化应用程序。NetBeans IDE 允许开发人员就如何高效管理项目、工具和数据设置多个视图，并帮助他们在新开发人员加入项目时使用 Git 集成进行软件协作开发。


[这里](https://netbeans.org/downloads/8.2/rc/)下载的二进制文件支持 Windows、macOS、Linux 等多个平台。在本地环境中安装了 IDE 工具后，新建项目向导可以帮助你创建一个新项目。例如，向导会生成骨架代码（有部分需要填写，如 `// TODO 代码应用逻辑在此`），然后你可以添加自己的应用代码。


### VSCodium


[VSCodium](https://vscodium.com/) 是一个轻量级、自由的源代码编辑器，允许开发者在 Windows、macOS、Linux 等各种操作系统平台上安装，是基于 [Visual Studio Code](https://opensource.com/article/20/6/open-source-alternatives-vs-code) 的开源替代品。其也是为支持包括 Java、C++、C#、PHP、Go、Python、.NET 在内的多种编程语言的丰富生态系统而设计开发的。Visual Studio Code 默认提供了调试、智能代码完成、语法高亮和代码重构功能，以提高开发的代码质量。


在其[资源库](https://github.com/VSCodium/vscodium#downloadinstall)中有很多下载项。当你运行 Visual Studio Code 时，你可以通过点击左侧活动栏中的“扩展”图标或按下 `Ctrl+Shift+X` 键来添加新的功能和主题。例如，当你在搜索框中输入 “quarkus” 时，就会出现 Visual Studio Code 的 Quarkus 工具，该扩展允许你[在 VS Code 中使用 Quarkus 编写 Java](https://opensource.com/article/20/4/java-quarkus-vs-code)：


![VSCodium IDE screenshot](/data/attachment/album/202008/22/235658ea227wtkrngif2cr.png "VSCodium IDE screenshot")


### 总结


Java 作为最广泛使用的编程语言和环境之一，这五种只是 Java 开发者可以使用的各种开源 IDE 工具的一小部分。可能很难知道哪一个是正确的选择。和以往一样，这取决于你的具体需求和目标 —— 你想实现什么样的工作负载（Web、移动应用、消息传递、数据交易），以及你将使用 IDE 扩展功能部署什么样的运行时（本地、云、Kubernetes、无服务器）。虽然丰富的选择可能会让人不知所措，但这也意味着你可能可以找到一个适合你的特殊情况和偏好的选择。


你有喜欢的开源 Java IDE 吗？请在评论中分享吧。




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via: <https://opensource.com/article/20/7/ide-java>


作者：[Daniel Oh](https://opensource.com/users/daniel-oh) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
[Java](https://opensource.com/resources/java) frameworks make life easier for programmers by streamlining their work. These frameworks were designed and developed to run any application on any server environment; that includes dynamic behaviors in terms of parsing annotations, scanning descriptors, loading configurations, and launching the actual services on a Java virtual machine (JVM). Controlling this much scope requires more code, making it difficult to minimize memory footprint or speed up startup times for new applications. Regardless, Java consistently ranks in the top three of programming languages in use today with a community of seven to ten million developers in the [TIOBE Index](https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/).

With all that code written in Java, that means there are some great options for integrated development environments (IDE) to give developers all the tools needed to effectively write, lint, test, and run Java applications.

Below, I introduce—in alphabetical order—my five favorite open source IDE tools to write Java and how to configure their basics.

## BlueJ

[BlueJ](https://opensource.com/article/20/2/learn-java-bluej) provides an integrated educational Java development environment for Java beginners. It also aids in developing small-scale software using the Java Development Kit (JDK). The installation options for a variety of versions and operating systems are available [here](https://www.bluej.org/versions.html).

Once you install the BlueJ IDE on your laptop, start a new project. Click on New Project in the Project menu then begin writing Java codes from New Class. Sample methods and skeleton codes will be generated as below:

![BlueJ IDE screenshot BlueJ IDE screenshot](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/5_open_source_ide_tools_to_write_java_and_how_you_begin_it.png)

BlueJ not only provides an interactive graphical user interface (GUI) for teaching Java programming courses in schools but also allows developers to invoke functions (i.e., objects, methods, parameters) without source code compilation.

## Eclipse

[Eclipse](https://www.eclipse.org/ide/) is one of the most famous Java IDEs based on the desktop, and it supports a variety of programming languages such as C/C++, JavaScript, and PHP. It also allows developers to add unlimited extensions from the Eclipse Marketplace for more development conveniences. [Eclipse Foundation](https://www.eclipse.org/) provides a Web IDE called [Eclipse Che](https://opensource.com/article/19/10/cloud-ide-che) for DevOps teams to spin up an agile software development environment with hosted workspaces on multiple cloud platforms.

[The download](https://www.eclipse.org/downloads/) is available here; then you can create a new project or import an existing project from the local directory. Find more Java development tips in [this article](https://opensource.com/article/19/10/java-basics).

![Eclipse IDE screenshot Eclipse IDE screenshot](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/os_ide_2.png)

## IntelliJ IDEA

[IntelliJ IDEA CE (Community Edition)](https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/) is the open source version of IntelliJ IDEA, providing an IDE for multiple programming languages (i.e., Java, Groovy, Kotlin, Rust, Scala). IntelliJ IDEA CE is also very popular for experienced developers to use for existing source refactoring, code inspections, building testing cases with JUnit or TestNG, and building codes using Maven or Ant. Downloadable binaries are available [here](https://www.jetbrains.org/display/IJOS/Download).

IntelliJ IDEA CE comes with some unique features; I particularly like the API tester. For example, if you implement a REST API with a Java framework, IntelliJ IDEA CE allows you to test the API's functionality via Swing GUI designer:

![IntelliJ IDEA screenshot IntelliJ IDEA screenshot](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/os_ide_3.png)

IntelliJ IDEA CE is open source, but the company behind it has a commercial option. Find more differences between the Community Edition and the Ultimate [here](https://www.jetbrains.com/idea/features/editions_comparison_matrix.html).

## Netbeans IDE

[NetBeans IDE](https://netbeans.org/) is an integrated Java development environment that allows developers to craft modular applications for standalone, mobile, and web architecture with supported web technologies (i.e., HTML5, JavaScript, and CSS). NetBeans IDE allows developers to set up multiple views on how to manage projects, tools, and data efficiently and helps them collaborate on software development—using Git integration—when a new developer joins the project.


Download binaries are available [here](https://netbeans.apache.org/download/index.html) for multiple platforms (i.e., Windows, macOS, Linux). Once you install the IDE tool in your local environment, the New Project wizard helps you create a new project. For example, the wizard generates the skeleton codes (with sections to fill in like `// TODO code application logic here`

) then you can add your own application codes.

## VSCodium

[VSCodium](https://vscodium.com/) is a lightweight, free source code editor that allows developers to install a variety of OS platforms (i.e., Windows, macOS, Linux) and is an open source alternative based on [Visual Studio Code](https://opensource.com/article/20/6/open-source-alternatives-vs-code). It was also designed and developed to support a rich ecosystem for multiple programming languages (i.e., Java, C++, C#, PHP, Go, Python, .NET). For high code quality, Visual Studio Code provides debugging, intelligent code completion, syntax highlighting, and code refactoring by default.

There are many download options available in the [repository](https://github.com/VSCodium/vscodium#downloadinstall). When you run the Visual Studio Code, you can add new features and themes by clicking on the Extensions icon in the activity bar on the left side or by pressing Ctrl+Shift+X in the keyboard. For example, the Quarkus Tools for Visual Studio Code comes up when you type "quarkus" in the search box. The extension allows you to use helpful tools for [writing Java with Quarkus in VS Code](https://opensource.com/article/20/4/java-quarkus-vs-code):

![VSCodium IDE screenshot VSCodium IDE screenshot](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/os_ide_5.png)

## Wrapping up

Java being one of the most widely used programming languages and environments, these five are just a fraction of the different open source IDE tools available for Java developers. It can be hard to know which is the right one to choose. As always, it depends on your specific needs and goals—what kinds of workloads (web, mobile, messaging, data transaction) you want to implement and what runtimes (local, cloud, Kubernetes, serverless) you will deploy using IDE extended features. While the wealth of options out there can be overwhelming, it does also mean that you can probably find one that suits your particular circumstances and preferences.

Do you have a favorite open source Java IDE? Share it in the comments!

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