Ubuntu 服务器版与桌面版有什么区别？
服务器 Ubuntu 桌面
![](/data/attachment/album/202201/04/122152zdqkkqqqw6cgcdcq.jpg)


当你点击 [Ubuntu 网站](https://ubuntu.com/) 上的下载按钮时，它会给你几个选项。其中两个分别是 Ubuntu 桌面版和 Ubuntu 服务器版。


这可能会让新用户感到困惑。为什么会有两个（实际上是四个）？应该下载哪一个？Ubuntu 桌面版还是服务器版？它们是一样的吗？有什么区别？


![Ubuntu 网站给了你多种选择](/data/attachment/album/202201/04/122247ahsi0hjjfi8s6vi8.jpg)


我将解释 Ubuntu 的桌面版和服务器版的区别。我还会解释你应该使用哪个变体。


### Ubuntu 桌面版与 Ubuntu 服务器版


![Ubuntu 桌面版和服务器版](/data/attachment/album/202201/04/122201q8glzjld2wpw9dgg.png)


要了解 Ubuntu 桌面版和服务器版的区别，你应该了解桌面操作系统和服务器操作系统的区别。


#### 桌面操作系统


<ruby> 桌面电脑 <rt>  Desktop </rt></ruby>是指个人电脑（PC）。桌面电脑操作系统带有一个图形用户界面，以便用户可以使用鼠标和键盘操作。桌面电脑的主要目的是给你一个系统，可以用来浏览网页、编辑文档、查看/编辑图片和视频、编码和游戏。基本上，就是为个人、终端用户或家庭成员提供了一个通用的计算机。


我在这里使用桌面电脑这个术语，但这并不意味着它不能用于笔记本电脑。桌面电脑是个人电脑的通用术语。


#### 服务器操作系统


另一方面，服务器操作系统是专门为托管网站、应用程序、媒体服务器、数据库等网络服务而打造的。


通常情况下，服务器操作系统不带有图形界面。如果是基于 Linux 的操作系统，你就得通过终端的命令来使用该系统。


这里的好处是，服务器操作系统不需要（浪费）大量的内存和计算能力，因为它们不使用 [图形化桌面环境](https://itsfoss.com/what-is-desktop-environment/)。除此以外，服务器操作系统的软件包配置也不同。


现在你对服务器和桌面的区别有了一些了解，让我们看看 Ubuntu 服务器版和桌面版的区别。


#### 用户界面


Ubuntu 服务器版和桌面版之间最明显的区别是用户界面。


Ubuntu 桌面版的特点是采用 GNOME 桌面环境的图形化用户界面。这使得它在鼠标点击的帮助下更容易使用。


![图为 Ubuntu GNOME 版的用户界面](/data/attachment/album/202201/04/122204pw9t4qhwn2wz4vxv.png)


Ubuntu 服务器版采用<ruby> 无头方式 <rt>  headless </rt></ruby>运行。你只有在登录后才会看到一个终端界面。你经常会从其他电脑上通过 SSH 来远程管理它。


![通过 SSH 连接到远程 Ubuntu 服务器](/data/attachment/album/202201/04/122205ororspia6rs5saae.png)


#### 安装


[由于有了图形化的安装程序，将 Ubuntu 作为桌面电脑是很容易的](https://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu/)。你可以创建一个<ruby> 临场 USB <rt>  Live USB </rt></ruby>，无需安装即可体验桌面版。如果你喜欢，你可以按照屏幕上的指示在几分钟内安装它。


![通过图形化安装程序安装 Ubuntu 桌面版](/data/attachment/album/202201/04/122207u83saza5355gcgr5.png)


将 Ubuntu 作为服务器安装并不像桌面版那样简单。你只能使用终端界面。如果你不熟悉这个流程，即使是最简单的任务，如连接到 Wi-Fi，也可能是一个困难的任务。


![Ubuntu 服务器版的安装](/data/attachment/album/202201/04/122209fk6f22mn66whnrar.png)


#### 应用程序


在 Ubuntu 桌面版中，默认的应用程序集主要针对普通计算机用户。因此，你会发现网页浏览器、办公套件、媒体播放器、游戏等。


![Ubuntu 中的应用程序](/data/attachment/album/202201/04/122209voe4c4fg4yokw9et.jpg)


Ubuntu 服务器版的应用程序更多的是为运行网络服务而定制的。而这还不是全部。有些应用程序的配置也是不同的。以 SSH 为例。Ubuntu 服务器预设了 SSH，这样你就可以轻松地从远程系统连接到它。而在 Ubuntu 桌面版上，你必须明确启用 SSH 才行。


#### 硬件要求


由于桌面版具有图形用户界面，你需要至少 4GB 的内存来运行 Ubuntu 桌面版。磁盘空间至少要有 20GB。


这就是 Ubuntu 服务器的有趣之处。它没有图形化的界面。命令行界面不会消耗大量的系统资源。因此，你可以在 512MB 和 5GB 磁盘空间的机器上轻松运行 Ubuntu 服务器。（LCTT 译注：当然，对于服务器环境来说，内存和磁盘空间是多多益善。）


服务器上的内存和磁盘空间受制于你所运行的网络服务。如果一个网络应用需要至少 2GB 的内存，你就应该有这么多的内存。但在最简单的情况下，即使是 512MB 或 1GB 的内存也可以工作。


#### 用途


这是 Ubuntu 桌面版和服务器版之间的主要区别。问问自己，你想把 Ubuntu 用于什么目的？


如果是专门用于部署网络服务，那就选择 Ubuntu 服务器。请记住，你需要有基本的 Linux 命令行知识来使用终端。


如果你想把 Ubuntu 作为像 Windows 一样的普通电脑使用，那就选择 Ubuntu 桌面版。如果你想用它来学习 Linux 命令，或用于学习的 Docker 或者甚至是简单的（但是本地的）LAMP 服务器环境，请继续使用 Ubuntu 桌面。


对于服务器来说，Ubuntu 服务器版要比 Ubuntu 桌面版好。对于常规的计算机使用，Ubuntu 桌面版是更好的选择。


#### 你应该在服务器上使用 Ubuntu 桌面版还是在服务器上安装图形界面？


是这样的，Ubuntu 桌面版和服务器版都是 Linux，你可以用 Ubuntu 桌面版作为服务器来托管网页服务。这没问题。


同样地，[你可以在 Ubuntu 服务器上安装图形界面](https://itsfoss.com/install-gui-ubuntu-server/)，并以图形方式使用它。这也是可行的。


![Ubuntu 服务器上的 GUI 登录](/data/attachment/album/202201/04/122210l7pvpjwqpqw9vqmb.png)


但仅仅因为它可行，并不意味着你应该这么做。它违背了为服务器和桌面电脑创建不同版本的全部目的。


你必须付出额外的努力来将服务器版转换为桌面版，反之亦然。为什么要承受这种痛苦呢？


如果你使用 Ubuntu 的目的很明确，那就下载并安装合适的 Ubuntu 版本。


我希望这能使围绕 Ubuntu 桌面版和服务器版的选择现在更清楚一些。如果你有问题或建议，请利用评论区。




---


via: <https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-server-vs-desktop/>


作者：[Abhishek Prakash](https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
![Warp Terminal](/assets/images/warp-terminal.webp)


![Warp Terminal](/assets/images/warp-terminal.webp)

When you click on the download button on the [Ubuntu website](https://ubuntu.com/?ref=itsfoss.com), it gives you a few options. Two of them are Ubuntu Desktop and Ubuntu Server.

This could confuse new users. Why are there two (actually 4 of them)? Which one should be downloaded? Ubuntu desktop or server? Are they the same? What is the difference?

![ubuntu server desktop download](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/08/ubuntu-server-desktop-download-800x338.webp)

I am going to explain the difference between the desktop and server editions of Ubuntu. I’ll also explain which variant you should be using.

## Ubuntu desktop vs Ubuntu server

![ubuntu desktop server](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/08/ubuntu-desktop-server.png)

To understand the difference between Ubuntu desktop and server, you should understand the difference between a desktop and a server operating system.

### Desktop

A desktop is referred to a personal computer. A desktop operating system comes with a graphical user interface so that the users can use their mouse and keyboard. The primary purpose of a desktop is to give you a system that can be used for web browsing, document editing, viewing/editing pictures and videos, coding and gaming. Basically, a general purpose computer for individuals, end users, or family members.

I am using the term desktop here, but this does not mean that it cannot be used on a laptop. Desktop is the generic term for a personal computer.

### Server

On the other hand, a server operating system is specifically created for hosting web services like websites, apps, media servers, databases etc.

Usually, a server operating system does not come with a graphical interface. If it is Linux based operating system, you’ll have to use the system entirely via commands in terminal.

The advantage here is that the server OS do not need a lot of RAM and computational power because they do not use [graphical desktop environment](https://itsfoss.com/what-is-desktop-environment/). Apart from that, the server operating system has packages configured differently as well.

Now that you understand the difference between server and desktop a little, let’s see the difference between Ubuntu server and desktop.

### The user interface

The most visible difference between Ubuntu server and desktop is the user interface.

Ubuntu desktop features a graphical user interface with GNOME desktop environment. This makes it easier to use with the help of mouse clicks.

![installing gui ubuntu server gnome desktop](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/05/installing-gui-ubuntu-server-gnome-desktop.png)

Ubuntu server edition runs headless. You will only see a terminal interface when you are logged in to it. You’ll often manage it remotely from other computers overs SSH.

![system restart required](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/08/system-restart-required-800x469.png)

### Installation

[Installing Ubuntu as a desktop is easy](https://itsfoss.com/install-ubuntu/) thanks to the graphical installer. You can create a live USB and experience the desktop version without installing. If you like it, you can install it in minutes following the on-screen instructions.

![Installing Ubuntu](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/02/installing-ubuntu.png)

Installing Ubuntu as a server is not as easy as the desktop edition. You are stuck with terminal interface. Even the simplest tasks like connecting to Wi-Fi could be a difficult task if you are not familiar with the procedure.

![ubuntu server installation](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/08/ubuntu-server-installation.png)

### Applications

The default set of applications in Ubuntu desktop is focused on regular computer users. So, you’ll find web browsers, office suite, media players, games etc.

![Gnome App Arranger](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2020/09/gnome-app-arranger.jpg)

Ubuntu server has applications that are more tailored for running web services. And that’s not it. Some applications are also configured differently. Take SSH for example. Ubuntu server has SSH preconfigured so that you can easily connect to it from remote systems. You have to explicitly enable SSH on Ubuntu desktop.

### Hardware requirement

Since the desktop edition features a graphical user interface, you need at least 4 GB of RAM to run Ubuntu desktop. Disk space should be 20 GB at least.

This is where it gets interesting for Ubuntu server. It does not have a graphical interface. The command line interface does not consume a lot of system resources. As a result, you can easily run Ubuntu server on a machine with 512 MB and 5 GB of disk space.

The RAM and disk space on the server is subjected to the web service you run. If a web application requires at least 2 GB of RAM, you should have that much of RAM. But in the simplest of scenario, even 512 MB or 1 GB of RAM could work.

### Usage

This is the main differentiator between Ubuntu desktop and server. Ask yourself, for what purpose you want to use Ubuntu?

If it is specifically for deploying web services, go for Ubuntu server. Keep in mind that you need to have basic Linux command line knowledge to navigate through the terminal.

If you want to use Ubuntu as a regular computer like Windows, go with Ubuntu desktop. If you want to use it for learning Linux commands, Docker or even simple (but local) LAMP server installation for learning, stay with Ubuntu desktop.

For a server, Ubuntu server is better than Ubuntu desktop. For regular computing usage, Ubuntu desktop is the better choice.

### Should you use Ubuntu desktop for server or install GUI on server?

Here’s the thing. Both Ubuntu desktop and server are Linux. You can use Ubuntu desktop as server for hosting web services. That works.

Similarly, [you can install GUI on Ubuntu server](https://itsfoss.com/install-gui-ubuntu-server/) and use it graphically. That also works.

![installing gui ubuntu server gnome desktop greet](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2021/05/installing-gui-ubuntu-server-gnome-desktop-greet.png)

But just because it works, doesn’t mean you should do it. It defies the entire purpose of creating different editions for server and desktop.

You have to put extra effort in converting a server to desktop and vice versa. Why take that pain?

If your purpose of using Ubuntu is clear, download and install the appropriate Ubuntu edition.

*I hope this makes things around Ubuntu desktop and server editions a bit more clear now. If you have questions or suggestions, please utilize the comment section.*