4 步打包一个新的 Python 模块
RPM Python
![](/data/attachment/album/202209/14/155051kzjuzhzvmllmv2b5.jpg)



> 
> pyp2rpm 使得创建 RPM 包的过程更加自动化。
> 
> 
> 


当你安装一个应用程序时，你通常是在安装一个软件包，其中包含应用程序的可执行代码和重要文件，如文档、图标等。在 Linux上，软件一般被打包成 RPM 或 DEB 等格式，用户只要通过 `dnf` 或者 `apt` 等命令就可以进行安装了，这取决于你使用的 Linux 发行版。然而几乎每天都有新的 Python 模块发布，因此你很容易遇到一个尚未打包的 Python 模块。这就是 `pyp2rpm` 存在的意义了。


最近我在尝试安装一个叫 `python-concentration` 的模块，但是进展并不太顺利：



```
$ sudo dnf install python-concentration
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 1:23:32 ago on Sat 11 Jun 2022 06:37:25.
No match for argument: python-concentration
Error: Unable to find a match: python-concentration

```

虽然这是一个发布在 PyPi 的包，但它仍不能被打包成 RPM 包。好消息是你可以使用 `pyp2rpm` 以一个相对简单的过程将它打包成 RPM 包。


首先你需要设置两个目录：



```
$ mkdir rpmbuild
$ cd rpmbuild && mkdir SPECS

```

像这样去安装 `pyp2rpm`：



```
$ sudo dnf install pyp2rpm

```

### 1、生成 spec 文件


RPM 包的基础是一种 spec 文件，这个文件包含你创建这个包的所有信息，如所需的依赖关系、应用的版本号、安装的文件等信息。当指向某个 Python 模块时，`pyp2rpm` 会为它构建一个 spec 文件，你可以用它来创建 RPM 包。


下面以 `python-concentration` 为例演示如何构建一个 spec 文件：



```
$ pyp2rpm concentration > ~/rpmbuild/SPECS/concentration.spec

```

下面是它生成的文件：



```
# Created by pyp2rpm-3.3.8
%global pypi_name concentration
%global pypi_version 1.1.5

Name:           python-%{pypi_name}
Version:        %{pypi_version}
Release:        1%{?dist}
Summary:        Get work done when you need to, goof off when you don't

License:        None
URL:            None
Source0:        %{pypi_source}
BuildArch:      noarch

BuildRequires:  python3-devel
BuildRequires:  python3dist(setuptools)

%description
Concentration [![PyPI version]( [![Test Status]( [![Lint Status]( [![codecov](

%package -n     python3-%{pypi_name}
Summary:        %{summary}
%{?python_provide:%python_provide python3-%{pypi_name}}

Requires:       (python3dist(hug) >= 2.6.1 with python3dist(hug) < 3~~)
Requires:       python3dist(setuptools)
%description -n python3-%{pypi_name}
Concentration [![PyPI version]( [![Test Status]( [![Lint Status]( [![codecov](


%prep
%autosetup -n %{pypi_name}-%{pypi_version}

%build
%py3_build

%install
%py3_install

%files -n python3-%{pypi_name}
%license LICENSE
%doc README.md
%{_bindir}/concentration
%{python3_sitelib}/%{pypi_name}
%{python3_sitelib}/%{pypi_name}-%{pypi_version}-py%{python3_version}.egg-info

%changelog
*  - 1.1.5-1
- Initial package.

```

### 2、运行 rpmlint


为了确保 spec 文件符合标准，你需要对文件使用 `rpmlint` 命令：



```
$ rpmlint ~/rpmbuild/SPEC/concentration.spec
error: bad date in %changelog: - 1.1.5-1
0 packages and 1 specfiles checked; 0 errors, 0 warnings.

```

看起来更新日志（`%changelog`）需要记录日期。



```
%changelog
* Sat Jun 11 2022 Tux <tux@example.com> - 1.1.5-1

```

再次运行 `rpmint`：



```
$ rpmlint ~/rpmbuild/SPEC/concentration.spec
0 packages and 1 specfiles checked; 0 errors, 0 warnings.

```

成功！


### 3、下载源码


你需要下载好打包的代码才能进一步构建 RPM 包。一种简单的方式是解析你的 spec 文件以获取源码的网址。


首先，通过 `dnf` 安装 `spectool`：



```
$ sudo dnf install spectool

```

然后通过 `spectool` 来下载源码：



```
$ cd ~/rpmbuild
$ spectool -g -R SPEC/concentration.spec
Downloading: https://files.pythonhosted.org/...concentration-1.1.5.tar.gz
   6.0 KiB / 6.0 KiB    [=====================================]
Downloaded: concentration-1.1.5.tar.gz

```

这样就创建了一个 `SOURCES` 目录并将源码放入其中。


### 4、构建源软件包


现在你已经验证过 spec 文件了，接下来就可以通过 `rpmbuild` 构建源软件包了。如果你还没有安装 `rpmbuild`，你也可以通过 `dnf` 安装 `rpm-build` 包（或者在使用 `rpmbuild` 命令时根据终端的的提示进行安装）。


参数 `-bs` 表示构建源软件包。添加这个参数会产生一个 src.rpm 文件，这是一个用于为特定架构重新构建的通用包：



```
$ rpmbuild -bs SPECS/concentration.spec
Wrote: ~/rpmbuild/SRPMS/python-concentration-1.1.5-1.el9.src.rpm

```

为你的系统构建一个可安装的 RPM 文件：



```
$ rpmbuild –rebuild SRPMS/python-concentration-1.1.5-1.el9.src.rpm
error: Failed build dependencies:
        python3-devel is needed by python-concentration-1.1.5-1.el9.noarch

```

看起来这个包需要安装 Python 的开发库才能继续构建。安装它们以继续构建。这一次，构建成功了，并且渲染了更多的输出（为了清楚起见，我在这里简略了输出）：



```
$ sudo dnf install python3-devel -y
$ rpmbuild –rebuild SRPMS/python-concentration-1.1.5-1.el9.src.rpm
[...]
Executing(--clean): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.TYA7l2
+ umask 022
+ cd /home/bogus/rpmbuild/BUILD
+ rm -rf concentration-1.1.5
+ RPM_EC=0
++ jobs -p
+ exit 0

```

你的 RPM 包现在已经构建在 `RPMS` 子目录下，像平常一样使用 `dnf` 安装它。



```
$ sudo dnf install RPMS/noarch/python3-concentration*rpm

```

### 为什么不使用 PyPi？


通常情况下我们并不需要将 Python 模块打包成 RPM 包。通过 PyPi 来安装模块也是可以接受的，但是 PyPi 会安装额外的包管理器对你的模块进行检查和更新。当你使用 `dnf` 来安装 RPM 包时，你在安装完成时就能够获取到完整的安装列表。有了 `pyp2rpm` 之后，这个过程就变得快速、简单且自动化了。




---


via: <https://opensource.com/article/22/6/package-python-module-rpm>


作者：[Sumantro Mukherjee](https://opensource.com/users/sumantro) 选题：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) 译者：[Return7g](https://github.com/Return7g) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
When you install an application, you're usually installing a package that contains the executable code for an application and important files such as documentation, icons, and so on. On Linux, applications are commonly packaged as RPM or DEB files, and users install them with the `dnf`

or `apt`

commands, depending on the Linux distribution. However, new Python modules are released virtually every day, so you could easily encounter a module that hasn't yet been packaged. And that's exactly why the `pyp2rpm`

command exists.

Recently, I tried to install a module called python-concentration. It didn't go well:

```
``````
$ sudo dnf install python-concentration
Updating Subscription Management repositories.
Last metadata expiration check: 1:23:32 ago on Sat 11 Jun 2022 06:37:25.
No match for argument: python-concentration
Error: Unable to find a match: python-concentration
```


It’s a PyPi package, but it's not yet available as an RPM package. The good news is that you can build an RPM yourself with a relatively simple process using `pyp2rpm`

.

You'll need two directories to get started:

```
``````
$ mkdir rpmbuild
$ cd rpmbuild && mkdir SPECS
```


You'll also need to install `pyp2rpm`

:

```
````$ sudo dnf install pyp2rpm`



## 1. Generate the spec file

The foundation of any RPM package is a file called the *spec file*. This file contains all the information about how to build the package, which dependencies it needs, the version of the application it provides, what files it installs, and more. When pointed to a Python module, `pyp2rpm`

generates a spec file for it, which you can use to build an RPM.

Using python-concentration as an arbitrary example, here's how to generate a spec file:

```
````$ pyp2rpm concentration > ~/rpmbuild/SPECS/concentration.spec`


And here's the file it generates:

```
``````
# Created by pyp2rpm-3.3.8
%global pypi_name concentration
%global pypi_version 1.1.5
Name: python-%{pypi_name}
Version: %{pypi_version}
Release: 1%{?dist}
Summary: Get work done when you need to, goof off when you don't
License: None
URL: None
Source0: %{pypi_source}
BuildArch: noarch
BuildRequires: python3-devel
BuildRequires: python3dist(setuptools)
%description
Concentration [![PyPI version]( [![Test Status]( [![Lint Status]( [![codecov](
%package -n python3-%{pypi_name}
Summary: %{summary}
%{?python_provide:%python_provide python3-%{pypi_name}}
Requires: (python3dist(hug) >= 2.6.1 with python3dist(hug) < 3~~)
Requires: python3dist(setuptools)
%description -n python3-%{pypi_name}
Concentration [![PyPI version]( [![Test Status]( [![Lint Status]( [![codecov](
%prep
%autosetup -n %{pypi_name}-%{pypi_version}
%build
%py3_build
%install
%py3_install
%files -n python3-%{pypi_name}
%license LICENSE
%doc README.md
%{_bindir}/concentration
%{python3_sitelib}/%{pypi_name}
%{python3_sitelib}/%{pypi_name}-%{pypi_version}-py%{python3_version}.egg-info
%changelog
* - 1.1.5-1
- Initial package.
```


**2. Run rpmlint**

To ensure that the spec file is up to standards, run the `rpmlint`

command on the file:

```
``````
$ rpmlint ~/rpmbuild/SPEC/concentration.spec
error: bad date in %changelog: - 1.1.5-1
0 packages and 1 specfiles checked; 0 errors, 0 warnings.
```


It seems the changelog entry requires a date.

```
``````
%changelog
* Sat Jun 11 2022 Tux <tux@example.com> - 1.1.5-1
```


Try `rpmlint`

again:

```
``````
$ rpmlint ~/rpmbuild/SPEC/concentration.spec
0 packages and 1 specfiles checked; 0 errors, 0 warnings.
```


Success!

## 3. Download the source code

To build an RPM package, you must download the code you're packaging up. The easy way to do this is to parse your spec file to find the source code's location on the Internet.

First, install the `spectool`

command with `dnf`

:

```
````$ sudo dnf install spectool`


On some distributions, `spectool`

is distributed in the `rpmdevtools`

package.

Then use it to download the source code:

```
``````
$ cd ~/rpmbuild
$ spectool -g -R SPEC/concentration.spec
Downloading: https://files.pythonhosted.org/...concentration-1.1.5.tar.gz
6.0 KiB / 6.0 KiB [=====================================]
Downloaded: concentration-1.1.5.tar.gz
```


This creates a SOURCES directory and places the source code archive into it.

## 4. Build the source package

Now you have a valid spec file, so it's time to build the source package with the `rpmbuild`

command. If you don't have `rpmbuild`

yet, install the rpm-build package with `dnf`

(or accept your terminal's offer to install that package when you attempt to use the `rpmbuild`

command).

```
``````
$ cd ~/rpmbuild
$ spectool -g -R SPEC/concentration.spec
Downloading: https://files.pythonhosted.org/...concentration-1.1.5.tar.gz
6.0 KiB / 6.0 KiB [=====================================]
Downloaded: concentration-1.1.5.tar.gz
```


The `-bs`

option stands for *build source*. This option gives you an `src.rpm`

file, an all-purpose package that must be rebuilt for a specific architecture.

```
``````
$ rpmbuild -bs SPECS/concentration.spec
Wrote: ~/rpmbuild/SRPMS/python-concentration-1.1.5-1.el9.src.rpm
```


Build an installable RPM for your system:

```
``````
$ rpmbuild --rebuild SRPMS/python-concentration-1.1.5-1.el9.src.rpm
error: Failed build dependencies:
python3-devel is needed by python-concentration-1.1.5-1.el9.noarch
```


It looks like this package requires the development libraries of Python. Install them to continue with the build. This time the build succeeds and renders a lot more output (which I abbreviate here for clarity):

```
``````
$ sudo dnf install python3-devel -y
$ rpmbuild --rebuild SRPMS/python-concentration-1.1.5-1.el9.src.rpm
[...]
Executing(--clean): /bin/sh -e /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.TYA7l2
+ umask 022
+ cd /home/bogus/rpmbuild/BUILD
+ rm -rf concentration-1.1.5
+ RPM_EC=0
++ jobs -p
+ exit 0
```


Your RPM package has been built in the RPMS subdirectory. Install it as usual with `dnf`

:

```
````$ sudo dnf install RPMS/noarch/python3-concentration*rpm`


## Why not just use PyPi?

It's not absolutely necessary to make a Python module into an RPM. Installing a module with PyPi is also acceptable, but PyPi adds another package manager to your personal list of things to check and update. When you install an RPM using `dnf`

, you have a complete listing of what you've installed on your system. Thanks to `pyp2rpm`

, the process is quick, easy, and automatable.

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