7 个使你的 Drupal 网站无障碍访问的开源模块
Drupal 无障碍访问
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> 使用这些 Drupal 模块，使你的网站对每个人都可以无障碍访问。
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随着网站的 <ruby> 无障碍访问 <rt>  accessibility </rt></ruby> 继续成为人们日益关注的问题，网站所有者和开发人员需要确保他们的网站符合[美国残疾人法案](https://www.dol.gov/general/topic/disability/ada)（ADA）。Drupal 是一种流行的开源内容管理系统（CMS），它提供各种工具和模块以确保所有用户都可以访问你的网站，而无论他们的能力如何。本文讨论了网站无障碍访问的重要性、ADA 合规性的基本要求，以及 [Drupal](https://opensource.com/article/23/3/create-accessible-websites-drupal) 如何帮助你实现合规性。


### 为什么网站无障碍访问很重要


出于多种原因，网站无障碍访问很重要。首先，它确保残障人士可以访问和使用你的网站。这包括有视觉、听觉、身体和认知障碍的人。通过使你的网站可以无障碍访问，你不仅遵守了法律，而且还为所有用户提供了更好的体验。


此外，网站无障碍访问可以改善你网站的搜索引擎优化（SEO）并提高网站的可用性。搜索引擎优先考虑无障碍的网站，如果易于使用，用户更有可能在你的网站上停留更长时间并与你互动。


### ADA 合规性的基本要求


ADA 要求所有网站和数字内容都可供残障人士访问。ADA 合规性的一些基本要求包括：


* 为所有图像和非文本内容提供替代文本描述。
* 确保所有视频都有字幕和文字说明。
* 使用颜色对比和其他设计元素使你的网站更具可读性。
* 提供访问内容的替代方式，例如音频描述和键盘导航。
* 确保你的网站与辅助技术兼容，例如屏幕阅读器和盲文显示器。


### Drupal 如何帮助你实现合规性


Drupal 提供各种工具和模块来帮助你实现网站的无障碍和 ADA 合规性。以下是我认为最有用的七个：


* [无障碍访问检查器](https://www.drupal.org/project/editoria11y)：扫描你的网站以查找常见的无障碍访问问题并提出改进建议。
* [颜色对比分析器](https://www.drupal.org/project/high_contrast)：分析你网站的颜色对比度并做出改变以提高可读性。
* [块元素 ARIA 地标角色](https://www.drupal.org/project/block_aria_landmark_roles)：增强 WAI-ARIA 在站点标记中的使用。此模块允许你通过块配置表单将 ARIA 地标角色和/或 ARIA 标签直接分配给站点布局中的每个块元素。
* [Civic 无障碍访问工具栏](https://www.drupal.org/project/civic_accessibility_toolbar)：提供辅助工具以帮助残障用户浏览网站并与之交互。
* [htmLawed](https://www.drupal.org/project/htmlawed)：通过限制和净化 HTML 确保符合 Web 标准和管理策略。
* [调整文本大小](https://www.drupal.org/project/textsize)：通过在页面上显示可调整的文本大小更改器或缩放功能来增强 Web 无障碍。
* [自动替代文本](https://www.drupal.org/project/auto_alter)：利用 [微软 Azure Cognitive Services API](https://www.microsoft.com/cognitive-services) 在没有替代文本时创建图像标题。


### 总结


出于法律原因和为所有用户提供更好的用户体验，确保网站无障碍访问和 ADA 合规性非常重要。从无障碍访问检查器到颜色对比分析器，Drupal 提供了多种方法来确保你的网站符合 ADA 标准。使用 Drupal 的工具和模块，你可以让每个人都可以访问你的网站，无论他们的能力如何，并提供更好的用户体验。




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via: <https://opensource.com/article/23/4/drupal-modules-website-accessibility>


作者：[Neeraj Kumar](https://opensource.com/users/neerajskydiver) 选题：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed/) 译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


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As website accessibility continues to be a growing concern, website owners and developers need to ensure that their websites comply with the [Americans with Disabilities Act](https://www.dol.gov/general/topic/disability/ada) (ADA). Drupal, a popular open source content management system (CMS), offers various tools and modules to ensure your website is accessible to all users, regardless of their abilities. This article discusses the importance of website accessibility, the basic requirements of ADA compliance, and how [Drupal](https://opensource.com/article/23/3/create-accessible-websites-drupal) can help you achieve compliance.

## Why website accessibility is important

Website accessibility is important for several reasons. First, it ensures that people with disabilities can access and use your website. This includes people with visual, auditory, physical, and cognitive disabilities. By making your website accessible, you are not only complying with the law but also providing a better experience for all users.

In addition, website accessibility can improve your website's search engine optimization (SEO) and increase your website's usability. Search engines prioritize websites that are accessible, and users are more likely to stay on your website longer and engage with your content if it is easy to use.

## Basic requirements for ADA compliance

The ADA requires all websites and digital content to be accessible to people with disabilities. Some of the basic requirements for ADA compliance include the following:

- Providing alternative text descriptions for all images and non-text content.
- Ensuring that all videos have captions and transcripts.
- Using color contrast and other design elements to make your website more readable.
- Providing alternative ways to access content, such as audio descriptions and keyboard navigation.
- Ensuring that your website is compatible with assistive technologies, such as screen readers and braille displays.


## How Drupal can help you achieve compliance

Drupal offers various tools and modules to help you achieve website accessibility and ADA compliance. Here are the seven I find most useful:

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[Accessibility Checker](https://www.drupal.org/project/editoria11y): Scans your website for common accessibility issues and suggests improvements. -
[Color Contrast Analyzer](https://www.drupal.org/project/high_contrast): Analyzes the color contrast of your website and makes changes to improve readability. -
[Block ARIA Landmark Roles](https://www.drupal.org/project/block_aria_landmark_roles): Enhances WAI-ARIA use in your site's markup. This module allows you to assign ARIA landmark roles and/or ARIA labels directly to every block in your site's layout through the block configuration form. -
[Civic Accessibility Toolbar](https://www.drupal.org/project/civic_accessibility_toolbar): Provides accessibility tools to help users with disabilities navigate and interact with websites. -
[htmLawed](https://www.drupal.org/project/htmlawed): Ensures compliance with web standards and admin policies by limiting and purifying HTML. -
[Text Resize](https://www.drupal.org/project/textsize): Enhances web accessibility by displaying an adjustable text size changer or a zoom function on the page. -
[Automatic Alternative Text](https://www.drupal.org/project/auto_alter): Leverages the[Microsoft Azure Cognitive Services API](https://www.microsoft.com/cognitive-services)to create an image caption when there's no Alternative Text (alt text).

## Wrap up

Ensuring website accessibility and ADA compliance is important for legal reasons and for providing a better user experience for all users. From the Accessibility Checker to the Color Contrast Analyzer, Drupal offers various ways to ensure your website is ADA-compliant. Using Drupal's tools and modules, you can make your website accessible to everyone, regardless of their abilities, and offer a better user experience.

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