树莓派操作系统升级：基于 Debian 12、淘汰 X11
树莓派
![](/data/attachment/album/202310/14/233127bc5jlvhkphkgngjh.jpg)



> 
> 为了匹配最新的树莓派 5 硬件，树莓派操作系统已做好准备，该系统中融入了 Debian 12 以及其他重大更新。
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这个新版本的 <ruby> 树莓派操作系统 <rt>  Raspberry Pi OS </rt></ruby> 能够完善支持新推出的 [树莓派 5](https://news.itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-5/)。


为此，开发者们投入了大量的心血和精力。新系统带来了诸多改进，同时还标志着向更现代化的窗口系统的迁移。


下面，我们来看看他们的具体成果。


### 树莓派操作系统: 新的变化有哪些？


![](/data/attachment/album/202310/14/233130hw8g907911lme80u.png)


开发者基于最新的 [Debian 12 “Bookworm”](https://news.itsfoss.com/debian-12-release/) 版本，对树莓派桌面进行了 **重大的架构更新**。


一些显著的新特性包括：


* 全面采用 Wayland
* 网络性能显著提升
* 默认使用 PipeWire
* 为树莓派优化的 Firefox


显然，你将会享受到 Debian “Bookworm” 的核心优点，同时还能体验到上述提到的一些新变化。


#### 全面采用 Wayland


没错，你没有看错。


树莓派桌面已经默认启用 [Wayland](https://wayland.freedesktop.org/) 窗口系统，正式摒弃了因多种限制不再使用的 [X11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System) 窗口系统。Wayland 的主要优点是其**在现代硬件上有更出色的性能表现**。


这一切的实现离不开 [Wayfire](https://github.com/WayfireWM/wayfire) 合成器的支持，这使得开发者能够在更新中**保持用户熟知的体验**。


以下是开发者在发布公告中的引述：



> 
> 如果你在树莓派 4 或 5 上启动树莓派操作系统，现在你会看到的是一个 Wayfire 桌面。它看起来和你之前在 Bullseye 上使用的桌面几乎一模一样，但在一致的外观背后，我们为了使两个桌面环境看起来一样已进行了大量的工作！
> 
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**我们对此并不感到惊讶。**


近期，我们注意到有很多桌面正在从 X11 和 [Openbox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Openbox) 这样的旧窗口系统转向 Wayland。


比如，GNOME 最近的更新开启了向 **[全面使用 Wayland 的未来](https://news.itsfoss.com/gnome-wayland-xorg/)** 的转变。即使是 Fedora Linux 40 也准备弃用 X11 会话，转向使用 [Plasma 6](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/KDE_Plasma_6) 的 XWayland 方式。


看到树莓派操作系统已经率先进行了这样的变化，实在是让人感到十分有趣 ?



> 
> ? 不过别担心，**对于仍希望使用 X11/Openbox 显示系统的用户**，他们可以在 `raspi-config` 中的 “<ruby> 高级设置 <rt>  Advanced Settings </rt></ruby>” 菜单中重新启用它。
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#### 网络性能显著提升


![](/data/attachment/album/202310/14/233131dh0su8tmddnqmqzj.png)


开发者在之前实现的 [NetworkManager](https://networkmanager.dev/) 网络控制器的基础上进行了优化，他们为 **任务栏增加了网络插件**。


虽然新版本的插件和旧版本看上去差不多，但新增了一个 “<ruby> 高级选项 <rt>  Advanced Options </rt></ruby>” 选项，用户可以通过它访问 NetworkManager 提供的更多功能。


#### 默认使用 PipeWire


现在，树莓派 Desktop 使用 [PipeWire](https://pipewire.org/) 来处理所有与音频/视频相关的任务。它取代了 [PulseAudio](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/PulseAudio/)，使**音频/视频处理迈向更现代化和灵活的方式**。


在用户端，你可以得到**更优化的蓝牙音频设备管理**、**更低的延迟时间**，**和 Wayland 的更好互操作性**等等。


用户也可以通过和切换窗口系统类似的步骤**选择回退使用 PulseAudio**。


#### 为树莓派优化的 Firefox


![](/data/attachment/album/202310/14/233131zrftjrghttxygfy5.png)


这次，我们看到了一个**由官方支持且专门为树莓派优化的 [Mozilla Firefox](https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/) 版本**，它在这次树莓派操作系统的发布版中首次被引入。


现在，用户可以使用 **V4L2 编码支持** 来启用他们的树莓派上的硬件 h.264 解码器，这将会有助于**实现更好的 HD 视频播放效果**。


此外，他们也启用了 [Widevine DRM](https://www.widevine.com/solutions/widevine-drm)，以在主流的视频流媒体平台上提供**无障碍的流媒体观看体验**。


在这次发布的版本中还有其他一些细微的变化。想了解更多，请参考 [官方博客](https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/bookworm-the-new-version-of-raspberry-pi-os/)。


### ? 下载树莓派操作系统


由于操作系统细节的大量变化，开发者建议你**从全新安装开始** （重新烧录你的 SD 卡）。


当然，你也可以选择自行升级，但需要自担风险。


你可以访问 [官方网站](https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/) 进行下载。



> 
> **[树莓派操作系统](https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/)**
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? 你对新的树莓派操作系统升级感到兴奋吗？欢迎在评论区告诉我们。


*（题图：MJ/2fe701cd-5ced-41e2-b00e-1454c6f3fa4a）*




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via: <https://news.itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-os-bookworm/>


作者：[Sourav Rudra](https://news.itsfoss.com/author/sourav/) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[ChatGPT](https://linux.cn/lctt/ChatGPT) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
![](/assets/images/pikapods-banner-v3.webp)


![](/assets/images/pikapods-banner-v3.webp)

A new release of Raspberry Pi OS is here to complement the recently launched [Raspberry Pi 5](https://news.itsfoss.com/raspberry-pi-5/).

The developers have worked on it for quite some time now. It features loads of improvements and a major change that signifies the move to a more modern approach to window systems.

Let's see what they've accomplished.

## Raspberry Pi OS: What's New?

![a screenshot of raspberry pi os](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/RaspberryPi_OS_Bookworm_1.png)

Based on the latest ** Debian 12 'Bookworm'** release, the developers have had to make

**major architectural changes to the Raspberry Pi Desktop**.

Some key highlights include:

**Wayland Only****Networking Improvements****PipeWire by Default****Raspberry Pi-Optimized Firefox**

Naturally, you can expect the core benefits of Debian 'Bookworm' along with the above-mentioned changes.

### Wayland Only

Yes, you read that right.

The Raspberry Pi Desktop has moved to the [Wayland](https://wayland.freedesktop.org/?ref=news.itsfoss.com) window system as its default, dropping the [X11](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System?ref=news.itsfoss.com) window system owing to various limitations, with the primary selling point being that **Wayland performs better on modern hardware**.

All of this was made possible thanks to the implementation of the [ Wayfire](https://github.com/WayfireWM/wayfire?ref=news.itsfoss.com) compositor, which also allowed the devs to keep

**the**

**user experience a familiar one.**

Quoting the devs from the release announcement:

If you boot Raspberry Pi OS on a Pi 4 or 5, you will now get a Wayfire desktop. It should look pretty much identical to the desktop you are used to from Bullseye, but appearances are deceptive — it has taken a lot of work to get to the point where the two desktop environments look the same!

**We are not surprised by this move, though.**

Recently, we have been seeing an increase in transition to Wayland from older window systems like X11 and [Openbox](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Openbox?ref=news.itsfoss.com).

For instance, the recent move by GNOME that has kick-started the transition to ** a Wayland-only future**. Even

**Fedora Linux 40 is all set to drop the X11 session**for an XWayland approach with

[Plasma 6](https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/KDE_Plasma_6?ref=news.itsfoss.com).

It is interesting to see Raspberry Pi OS make the move already 😄

**for users who still want to use the older X11/Openbox display systems**, they can do so by re-enabling these from the 'Advanced Settings' menu under 'raspi-config'.

### Networking Improvements

![a screenshot of raspberry pi os networking plugin in the taskbar](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/RaspberryPi_OS_Bookworm_2.png)

Working on the previously implemented [NetworkManager](https://networkmanager.dev/?ref=news.itsfoss.com) network controller, the devs have been able to improve it by having **the networking plugin on the taskbar**.

It looks almost the same as in the previous versions but with a new 'Advanced Options' element that allows users to access the new functions made available by NetworkManager.

### PipeWire by Default

Raspberry Pi Desktop now features [PipeWire](https://pipewire.org/?ref=news.itsfoss.com) for handling all audio/video-related tasks. It replaces [PulseAudio](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/PulseAudio/?ref=news.itsfoss.com), for **a more modern and flexible approach** to audio/video handling.

On the user side, you can take advantage of **better Bluetooth audio device management**,** lower latency**, **better interoperability with Wayland, **and more.

Users do have** the option to revert to PulseAudio** by following the same steps mentioned above for switching the windowing systems.

### Raspberry Pi-Optimized Firefox

![a screenshot of raspberry pi os running the raspberry pi-optimized firefox](https://news.itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/RaspberryPi_OS_Bookworm_3.png)

For the first time, an **officially supported, Raspberry Pi-optimized version of Mozilla Firefox** is being made available through this release of Raspberry Pi OS.

Users can now utilize the** V4L2 codec support** **for** **using the hardware h.264 decoder** on their Raspberry Pi, which should help in **better HD video playback.**

They have also enabled [Widevine DRM](https://www.widevine.com/solutions/widevine-drm?ref=news.itsfoss.com) for **a hassle-free streaming experience** on major video streaming platforms.

There are a few other subtle changes in this release. Refer to the [official blog](https://www.raspberrypi.com/news/bookworm-the-new-version-of-raspberry-pi-os/?ref=news.itsfoss.com) to learn more.

## 📥 Download Raspberry Pi OS

As the changes to the operating system are significant, the developers recommend that you **start with a fresh installation** (re-image your SD card).

Sure, you can upgrade at your own risk.

You can head over to the [official website](https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/?ref=news.itsfoss.com) to get started.

*💬 Are you excited about the new Raspberry Pi OS upgrade? Let us know in the comments.*

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