塑造 Linux 历史的 10 个时刻
Linux 历史

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> 自 1991 年诞生以来，Linux 已经走了漫长的一段路，而这些事件标志着它的发展。
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![](/data/attachment/album/202004/01/093243wukmsiwdkkwfrg00.jpg)


在 2018 年 8 月，Opensource.com 发布了一项包含七个选项的民意测验，询问读者：[Linux 历史上最重要的时刻是什么？](https://opensource.com/article/18/8/linux-history)我觉得我需要扩大这个清单，并提出我认为的 10 个在塑造 Linux 历史上发挥了重要作用的时刻。


### 1、Linus 发布 Linux


Linus Torvalds 最初是在 1991 年将 Linux 当成一个业余爱好发布到世上的。结果这个业余爱好成了他的职业！


### 2、出现 Linux 发行版


1993 年，出现了几个 Linux 发行版，需要特别指出的有 [Debian](https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/ch-intro.en.html)、[Red Hat](https://brand.redhat.com/foundations/history) 和 [Slackware](https://opensource.com/article/18/7/stackware-turns-25)。这个时刻之所以重要是因为它们证明了 Linux 在市场认可度和开发水平方面的成就，使其能够在 1990 年代动荡的操作系统战争、浏览器战争和协议战争中生存下来。相反，那时许多成熟的、商业的和专有的产品并没有活过千禧年之交！


### 3、IBM 斥巨资投注 Linux


2000 年，IBM 宣布将在 Linux 上投资 10 亿美元。Richard Richtmyer 在他的 CNN Money [有关投资的文章](https://money.cnn.com/2000/12/12/technology/ibm_linux) 中写道：“这一声明强调了蓝色巨人对 Linux 的承诺，标志着将这个替代操作系统推向主流商业市场的重大进展。”


### 4、好莱坞接纳 Linux


在 2002 年，整个好莱坞电影业似乎都采用了 Linux。[迪尼斯](https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/18/business/technology-disney-shifting-to-linux-for-film-animation.html)、[梦工厂](https://www.linux.com/news/stallion-and-penguin-dreamworks-uses-linux-create-new-animated-film) 和 [工业光魔](https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6011) 都在那一年开始用 Linux 制作电影。


### 5、Linux 得到政府认可


2003 年，美国政府对 Linux 的接受是它的又一个重要时刻。红帽 Linux 被[授予](https://www.cnet.com/news/government-tips-hat-to-red-hat)美国防部通用操作环境（COE）认证。这很重要，因为政府（特别是情报和军事机构）对计算机系统有非常严格的要求，以防止攻击和支持国家安全。这为其他机构使用 Linux 打开了大门。在那年晚些时候，[美国国家气象局宣布](https://www.computerworld.com/article/2574142/national-weather-service-migrates-to-linux-based-ibm-workstations.html)，它将用运行 Linux 的新计算机代替过时的系统。


### 6、我管理的系统


这个“时刻”确实是我个人经历的集合。随着在 2000 年代我的职业发展，我发现自己管理的几种类型的系统和设备都运行着 Linux。我在 VMware ESX、F5 Big-IP、Check Point UTM Edge、Cisco ASA 和 PIX 这些地方发现了 Linux。这使我意识到 Linux 确实可行并且可以继续存在下去。


### 7、Ubuntu


2004 年，Mark Shuttleworth 创立了 Canonical，该公司基于 Debian 发行版提供了易于使用的 Linux 桌面：[Ubuntu Linux](https://www.ubuntu.com/about)。我认为 Ubuntu Linux 帮助扩展了桌面 Linux 安装基数。从休闲的家庭用户到专业软件开发人员，它使 Linux 出现在更多人面前。


### 8、Google 的 Linux


Google 发行了两种基于 Linux 内核的操作系统：2008 年中期的 Android 移动操作系统和 2011 年在 Chromebook 上运行的 Chrome OS。在那之后，已经售出了数百万部 Android 手机和 Chromebook。


### 9、云计算即 Linux


在过去这十年左右的时间里，云计算已经从互联网计算的宏伟愿景变成了我们如何个人和专业地使用计算机的全新方式。云计算领域中的主要参与者都是构建于 Linux 之上的，包括 [Amazon Web Services（AWS）](https://aws.amazon.com/amazon-linux-2)、[Google Cloud Services（GCS）](https://cloud.google.com) 和 [Linode](https://www.linode.com/docs/getting-started)。即使在一些我们不能确信的地方（例如 Microsoft Azure），也很好地支持运行 Linux 工作负载。


### 10、我的汽车运行着 Linux


你的也一样！许多汽车制造商几年前开始引入 Linux。这导致了名为 [汽车级 Linux（AGL）](https://www.automotivelinux.org) 的协作开源项目的形成。丰田和斯巴鲁等主要汽车制造商已经联合开发基于 Linux 的汽车娱乐、导航和引擎管理系统。


### 分享你的最爱


这是我从贯穿我的职业生涯的 Linux 文章和事件的档案库中提取出来的主观清单，因此可能还有其他更值得注意的时刻。请分享你的评论吧。




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via: <https://opensource.com/article/19/4/top-moments-linux-history>


作者：[Alan Formy-Duval](https://opensource.com/users/alanfdoss) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
In August 2018, Opensource.com posted a poll with seven options asking readers: * What was the most important moment in the history of Linux?* I thought I would expand on the list and present 10 moments that I think have played an important part in shaping the history of Linux.

## 1. Linus releases Linux

Linus Torvalds initially released Linux to the world in 1991 as a hobby. It didn't remain a hobby for long!

## 2. Linux distributions

In 1993, several Linux distributions were founded, notably [Debian](https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/project-history/ch-intro.en.html), [Red Hat](https://brand.redhat.com/foundations/history), and [Slackware](https://opensource.com/article/18/7/stackware-turns-25). These were important because they demonstrated Linux's gains in market acceptance and development that enabled it to survive the tumultuous OS wars, browser wars, and protocol wars of the 1990s. In contrast, many established, commercial, and proprietary products did not make it past the turn of the millennium!

## 3. IBM's big investment in Linux

In 2000, IBM announced it would invest US$1 billion dollars in Linux. In his CNN Money [article about the investment](https://money.cnn.com/2000/12/12/technology/ibm_linux), Richard Richtmyer wrote: "The announcement underscores Big Blue's commitment to Linux and marks significant progress in moving the alternative operating system into the mainstream commercial market."

## 4. Hollywood adopts Linux

In 2002, it seemed the entire Hollywood movie industry adopted Linux. [Disney](https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/18/business/technology-disney-shifting-to-linux-for-film-animation.html), [Dreamworks](https://www.linux.com/news/stallion-and-penguin-dreamworks-uses-linux-create-new-animated-film), and [Industrial Light & Magic](https://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6011) all began making movies with Linux that year.

## 5. Linux for national security


In 2003, another big moment came with the US government's acceptance of Linux. Red Hat Linux was [awarded](https://www.cnet.com/news/government-tips-hat-to-red-hat) the Department of Defense Common Operating Environment (COE) certification. This is significant because the government—intelligence and military agencies in particular—have very strict requirements for computing systems to prevent attacks and support national security. This opened the door for other agencies to use Linux. Later that year, the [National Weather Service announced](https://www.computerworld.com/article/2574142/national-weather-service-migrates-to-linux-based-ibm-workstations.html) it would replace outdated systems with new computers running Linux.

## 6. The systems I managed

This "moment" is really a collection of my personal experiences. As my career progressed in the 2000s, I discovered several types of systems and devices that I managed were all running Linux. Some of the places I found Linux were VMware ESX, F5 Big-IP, Check Point UTM Edge, Cisco ASA, and PIX. This made me realize that Linux was truly viable and here to stay.

## 7. Ubuntu

In 2004, Canonical was founded by Mark Shuttleworth to provide an easy-to-use Linux desktop—[Ubuntu Linux](https://www.ubuntu.com/about)—based on the Debian distribution. I think Ubuntu Linux helped to expand the desktop Linux install base. It put Linux in front of many more people, from casual home users to professional software developers.

## 8. Google Linux

Google released two operating systems based on the Linux kernel: the Android mobile operating system in mid-2008 and Chrome OS, running on a Chromebook, in 2011. Since then, millions of Android mobile phones and Chromebooks have been sold.

## 9. The cloud is Linux

In the past 10 years or so, cloud computing has gone from a grandiose vision of computing on the internet to a reinvention of how we use computers personally and professionally. The big players in the cloud space are built on Linux, including [Amazon Web Services](https://aws.amazon.com/amazon-linux-2), [Google Cloud Services](https://cloud.google.com), and [Linode](https://www.linode.com/docs/getting-started). Even in cases where we aren't certain, such as Microsoft Azure, running Linux workloads is well supported.

## 10. My car runs Linux

And so will yours! Many automakers began introducing Linux a few years ago. This led to the formation of the collaborative open source project called [Automotive Grade Linux](https://www.automotivelinux.org). Major car makers, such as Toyota and Subaru, have joined together to develop Linux-based automotive entertainment, navigation, and engine-management systems.

### Share your favorite

This is my subjective list pulled from archives of Linux articles and events throughout my career, so there may be other more notable moments that I am overlooking. Share in the comments. Also, the [Linux history poll](https://opensource.com/article/18/8/linux-history) is still open for voting if you're interested.

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