Linux 拥有了新的行为准则，但是许多人都对此表示不满
Linus CoC

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> Linux 内核有了新的<ruby> 行为准则 <rt>  Code of Conduct </rt></ruby>(CoC)。但在这条行为准则被签署以及发布仅仅 30 分钟之后，Linus Torvalds 就暂时离开了 Linux 内核的开发工作。因为新行为准则的作者那富有争议的过去，现在这件事成为了热点话题。许多人都对这新的行为准则表示不满。
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如果你还不了解这件事，请参阅 [Linus Torvalds 对于自己之前的不良态度致歉并开始休假，以改善自己的行为态度](/article-10022-1.html)


### Linux 内核开发遵守的新行为准则


Linux 内核开发者并不是以前没有需要遵守的行为准则，但是之前的[<ruby> 冲突准则 <rt>  code of conflict </rt></ruby>](https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/Documentation/CodeOfConflict?id=ddbd2b7ad99a418c60397901a0f3c997d030c65e)现在被替换成了以“给内核开发社区营造更加热情，更方便他人参与的氛围”为目的的行为准则。



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> “为营造一个开放并且热情的社区环境，我们，贡献者与维护者，许诺让每一个参与进我们项目和社区的人享受一个没有骚扰的体验。无关于他们的年纪、体型、身体残疾、种族、性别、性别认知与表达、社会经验、教育水平、社会或者经济地位、国籍、外表、人种、信仰、性认同和性取向。”
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你可以在这里阅读整篇行为准则：[Linux 行为准则](https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=8a104f8b5867c682d994ffa7a74093c54469c11f)。


### Linus Torvalds 是被迫道歉并且休假的吗？


![Linus Torvalds 的道歉](/data/attachment/album/201810/16/122734pipmibdrptydzzi6.jpg)


这个新的行为准则由 Linus Torvalds 和 Greg Kroah-Hartman (仅次于 Torvalds 的二把手）签发。来自 Intel 的 Dan Williams 和来自 Facebook 的 Chris Mason 也是该准则的签署者之一。


如果我正确地解读了时间线，在签署这个行为准则的半小时之后，Torvalds [发送了一封邮件，对自己之前的不良态度致歉](https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/9/16/167)。他同时宣布会进行休假，以改善自己的行为态度。


不过有些人开始阅读这封邮件的话外之音，并对如下文字报以特别关注：



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> **在这周，许多社区成员批评了我之前种种不解人意的行为。我以前在邮件里进行的，对他人轻率的批评是非专业以及不必要的**。这种情况在我将事情放在私人渠道处理的时候尤为严重。我理解这件事情的严重性，这是不好的行为，我对此感到十分抱歉。
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他是否是因为新的行为准则被强迫做出道歉，并且决定休假，可以通过这几行来判断。这也可以让我们采取一些措施，避免 Torvalds 被新的行为准则伤害。


### 有关贡献者盟约作者 Coraline Ada Ehmke 的争议


Linux 的行为准则基于[<ruby> 贡献者盟约 <rt>  Contributor Convenant </rt></ruby>1.4 版本](https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4/code-of-conduct.html)。贡献者盟约[被上百个开源项目所接纳](https://www.contributor-covenant.org/adopters)，包括 Eclipse、Angular、Ruby、Kubernetes 等项目。


贡献者盟约由 [Coraline Ada Ehmke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraline_Ada_Ehmke) 创作，她是一个软件工程师，开源支持者，以及 [LGBT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT) 活动家。她对于促进开源世界的多样性做了显著的贡献。


Coraline 对于精英主义的反对立场同样十分鲜明。[<ruby> 精英主义 <rt>  meritocracy </rt></ruby>](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meritocracy)这个词语源自拉丁文，本意为系统内的进步取决于“精英”，例如智力水平、取得的证书以及教育程度。但[类似 Coraline 的活动家们认为](https://modelviewculture.com/pieces/the-dehumanizing-myth-of-the-meritocracy)唯才是用是个糟糕的体系，因为它只是通过人的智力产出来度量一个人，而并不重视他们的人性。


[![croraline meritocracy](/data/attachment/album/201810/16/122734dvg5as6ags6tss3t.jpg)](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DnTTfi7XoAAdk08.jpg)


*图片来源：推特用户@nickmon1112*


[Linus Torvalds 不止一次地说到，他在意的只是代码而并非写代码的人](https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/01/linus-torvalds-on-why-he-isnt-nice-i-dont-care-about-you/)。所以很明显，这忤逆了 Coraline 有关唯才是用体系的观点。


具体来说，Coraline 那被人关注饱受争议的过去，是一个关于 [Opal 项目](https://opalrb.com/)贡献者的事件。那是一个发生[在推特上的讨论](https://twitter.com/krainboltgreene/status/611569515315507200)，Elia，来自意大利的 Opal 项目核心开发者说“（那些变性人）不接受现实才是问题所在。”


Coraline 并没有参加讨论，也不是 Opal 项目的贡献者。不过作为 LGBT 活动家，她以 Elia 发表“冒犯变性人群体的发言”为由，[要求他退出 Opal 项目](https://github.com/opal/opal/issues/941)。 Coraline 和她的支持者——他们给这个项目做过贡献，通过在 GitHub 仓库平台上冗长且激烈的争论，试图将 Elia——此项目的核心开发者移出项目。


虽然 Elia 并没有离开这个项目，不过 Opal 项目的维护者同意实行一个行为准则。这个行为准则就是 Coraline 不停向维护者们宣扬的，她那著名的贡献者盟约。


不过故事到这里并没有结束。贡献者盟约稍后被更改，[加入了一些针对 Elia 的新条款](https://github.com/opal/opal/pull/948/commits/817321e27eccfffb3841f663815c17eecb8ef061#diff-a1ee87dafebc22cbd96979f1b2b7e837R11)。这些新条款将行为准则的管束范围扩展到公共领域。不过这些更改稍后[被维护者们标记为恶意篡改](https://github.com/opal/opal/pull/948#issuecomment-113486020)。最后 Opal 项目摆脱了贡献者盟约，并用自己的行为准则取而代之。


这个例子非常好的说明了，某些被冒犯的少数人群——哪怕他们并没有给这个项目做过一点贡献，是怎样试图去驱逐这个项目的核心开发者的。


### 人们对于 Linux 新的行为准则的以及 Torvalds 道歉的反映。


Linux 行为准则以及 Torvalds 的道歉一发布，社交媒体与论坛上就开始盛传种种谣言与[推测](https://www.reddit.com/r/linux/comments/9go8cp/linus_torvalds_daughter_has_signed_the/)。虽然很多人对新的行为准则感到满意，但仍有些人认为这是 [SJW 尝试渗透 Linux 社区](https://snew.github.io/r/linux/comments/9ghrrj/linuxs_new_coc_is_a_piece_of_shit/)的阴谋。（LCTT 译注：SJW——Social Justice Warrior 所谓“为社会正义而战的人”。）


Caroline 发布的一个富有嘲讽意味的推特让争论愈发激烈。



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> 我迫不及待期待看到大批的人离开 Linux 社区的场景了。现在它已经被 SJW 的成员渗透了。哈哈哈哈。  
>  [pic.twitter.com/eFeY6r4ENv](https://t.co/eFeY6r4ENv)
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> — Coraline Ada Ehmke (@CoralineAda) [9 月 16 日, 2018](https://twitter.com/CoralineAda/status/1041441155874009093?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw)
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随着对于 Linux 行为准则的争论持续发酵，Carolaine 公开宣称贡献者盟约是一份政治文件。这并不能被那些试图将政治因素排除在开源项目之外的人所接收。



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> 有些人说贡献者盟约是一份政治文件，他们说的没错。
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> — Coraline Ada Ehmke (@CoralineAda) [9 月 16 日, 2018](https://twitter.com/CoralineAda/status/1041465346656530432?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw)
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Nick Monroe，一位自由记者，宣称 Linux 行为准则远没有表面上看上去那么简单。为了证明自己的观点，他挖掘出了 Coraline 的过去。如果您愿意，可以阅读以下材料。



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> 好啦，你们已经看到过几千次了。这是一个行为准则。
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> 它包含了社会认同的正义行为。<https://t.co/KuQqeriYeJ>
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> 不过它或许没有看上去来的那么简单。[pic.twitter.com/8NUL2K1gu2](https://t.co/8NUL2K1gu2)
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> — Nick Monroe (@nickmon1112) [9 月 17 日, 2018](https://twitter.com/nickmon1112/status/1041668315947708416?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw)
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Nick 并不是唯一一个反对 Linux 新的行为准则的人。[SJW](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=SJW) 的参与引发了更多的阴谋论猜测。



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> 我猜今天关于 Linux 的大新闻就是现在，Linux 内核被一个 “<ruby> 后精英政治 <rt>  post meritocracy </rt></ruby>” 世界观下的行为准则给掌控了。
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> 这个行为准则的宗旨看起来不错。不过在实际操作中，它们通常被当作 SJW 分子攻击他们不喜之人的工具。况且，很多人都被 SJW 分子所厌恶。
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> — Mark Kern (@Grummz) [September 17, 2018](https://twitter.com/Grummz/status/1041524170331287552?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw)
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虽然很多人对于 Torvalds 的道歉感到欣慰，仍有一些人在责备 Torvalds 的态度。



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> 我是不是唯一一个认为 Linus Torvalds 这十几年来的态度恰好就是 Linux 和开源“社区”特有的那种，居高临下，粗鲁，鄙视一切新人的行为作风？反正作为一个新用户，我从来没有在 Linux 社区里感受到自己是受欢迎的。
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> — Jonathan Frappier (@jfrappier) [9 月 17 日, 2018](https://twitter.com/jfrappier/status/1041486055038492674?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw)
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还有些人并不能接受 Torvalds 的道歉。



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> 哦快看啊，一个喜欢辱骂他人的开源软件维护者，在十几年的恶行之后，终于承认了他的行为**可能**是不正确的。
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> 我关注的那些人因为这件事都惊讶到平地摔，并且决定给他（Linus Torvalds）寄饼干来庆祝。
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> — Kelly Ellis (@justkelly\_ok) [9 月 17 日, 2018](https://twitter.com/justkelly_ok/status/1041522269002985473?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw)
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Torvalds 的道歉引起了广泛关注 ;)



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> 我现在要在我的个人档案里写上”我不知是否该原谅 Linus Torvalds“ 吗？
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> — Verónica. (@maria\_fibonacci) [9 月 17 日, 2018](https://twitter.com/maria_fibonacci/status/1041538148121997313?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw)
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不继续开玩笑了。有关 Linus 道歉的关注是由 Sharp 挑起的。她因为“恶劣的社区环境”于 2015 年[退出了 Linux 内核的开发](https://www.networkworld.com/article/2988850/opensource-subnet/linux-kernel-dev-sarah-sharp-quits-citing-brutal-communications-style.html)。（LCTT 译注，Sarah Sharp 现在改名为“Sage Sharp”，并要求别人称其为“them”而不是“she”或“he”。）



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> 现在我们要面对的问题是，这个成就了 Linus，给予他肆意辱骂特权的社区能否迎来改变。不仅仅是 Linus 个人，Linux 内核开发社区也急需改变。<https://t.co/EG5KO43416>
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> — Sage Sharp (@sagesharp) [9 月 17 日, 2018](https://twitter.com/_sagesharp_/status/1041480963287539712?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw)
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### 你对于 Linux 行为准则怎么看？


如果你问我的观点，我认为目前社区的确是需要一个行为准则。它能指导人们尊重他人，不因为他人的种族、宗教信仰、国籍、政治观点（左派或者右派）而歧视，营造出一个积极向上的社区氛围。


对于这个事件，你怎么看？你认为这个行为准则能够帮助 Linux 内核的开发，或者说因为 SJW 成员们的加入，情况会变得更糟？


在 FOSS 里我们没有行为准则，不过我们都会持着文明友好的态度讨论问题。




---


via: <https://itsfoss.com/linux-code-of-conduct/>


作者：[Abhishek Prakash](https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[thecyanbird](https://github.com/thecyanbird) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
**The Linux kernel has a new code of conduct (CoC). Linus Torvalds took a break from Linux kernel development just 30 minutes after signing this code of conduct. And since the writer of this code of conduct has had a controversial past, it has now become a point of heated discussion. With all the politics involved, not many people are happy with this new CoC.**

In case you don’t know already, [Linux creator Linus Torvalds has apologized for his past behavior and has taken a temporary break from Linux kernel development to improve his behavior](https://itsfoss.com/torvalds-takes-a-break-from-linux/).

## The new code of conduct for Linux kernel development

Linux kernel developers now have a code of conduct. It’s not like they didn’t have a code before, but the previous [code of conflict](https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/tree/Documentation/CodeOfConflict?id=ddbd2b7ad99a418c60397901a0f3c997d030c65e) is now replaced by this new code of conduct to “help make the kernel community a welcoming environment to participate in.”

“In the interest of fostering an open and welcoming environment, we as contributors and maintainers pledge to making participation in our project and our community a harassment-free experience for everyone, regardless of age, body size, disability, ethnicity, sex characteristics, gender identity and expression, level of experience, education, socio-economic status, nationality, personal appearance, race, religion, or sexual identity and orientation.”


You can read the entire code of conduct on this commit page.

**Recommended Read:**

## Was Linus Torvalds forced to apologize and take a break?

![Linus Torvalds Apologizes](https://itsfoss.com/content/images/wordpress/2018/09/linus-torvalds-apologizes.jpeg)

The code of conduct was signed off by Linus Torvalds and Greg Kroah-Hartman (kind of the second-in-command after Torvalds). Dan Williams of Intel and Chris Mason from Facebook were some of the other signatories.

If I have read through the timeline correctly, half an hour after signing this code of conduct Torvalds sent an [email apologizing for his past behavior](https://lkml.org/lkml/2018/9/16/167). He also announced that he would take a temporary break to improve his behavior.

But at this point some people started reading between the lines, paying special attention to this line from his email:


This week people in our community confronted me about my lifetime ofnot understanding emotions. My flippant attacks in emails have been both unprofessional and uncalled for. Especially at times when I made it personal. In my quest for a better patch, this made sense to me. I know now this was not OK and I am truly sorry.

This particular line could be read as if he was coerced into apologizing and taking a break because of the new code of conduct. Though it could also be a precautionary measure to prevent Torvalds from violating the newly created code of conduct.

**Recommended Read:**

## The controversy around Contributor Covenant creator Coraline Ada Ehmke

The Linux code of conduct is based on the [Contributor Covenant, version 1.4](https://www.contributor-covenant.org/version/1/4/code-of-conduct.html). The Contributor Covenant has been adopted by hundreds of open-source projects. Eclipse, Angular, Ruby and Kubernetes are some of the [many adopters of the Contributor Covenant](https://www.contributor-covenant.org/adopters).

The Contributor Covenant was created by [Coraline Ada Ehmke](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coraline_Ada_Ehmke), a software developer, open source advocate, and [LGBT](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT) activist. She has been instrumental in promoting diversity in

Coraline has also been vocal about her stance against [meritocracy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meritocracy). The Latin word meritocracy originally refers to a “system under which advancement within the system turns on ‘merits’, like intelligence, credentials, and education.” Activists like [Coraline believe](https://modelviewculture.com/pieces/the-dehumanizing-myth-of-the-meritocracy) that meritocracy is a negative system where the worth of an individual is measured not by their humanity, but solely by their intellectual output.

Remember that [Linus Torvalds has repeatedly said that he cares about the code, not the person who writes it](https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/01/linus-torvalds-on-why-he-isnt-nice-i-dont-care-about-you/).

Coraline was previously involved in an incident with a contributor to the [Opal project](https://opalrb.com/). In a [discussion taking place on Twitter](https://twitter.com/krainboltgreene/status/611569515315507200), Elia, a core contributor to the Opal project from Italy, said “(trans people) not accepting reality is the problem here”.

Coraline wasn’t originally part of this discussion nor was she a contributor to the Opal project. But as an LGBT activist, she got involved, [requesting that Elia be removed from the Opal Project](https://github.com/opal/opal/issues/941) for his “views against trans people”. A lengthy and heated discussion took place on Opal’s GitHub repository. Coraline and her supporters, who had never contributed to Opal, tried to coerce the moderators into removing Elia, a core contributor to the project.

While Elia wasn’t removed from the project, the Opal project maintainers agreed to put a code of conduct in place. And this code of conduct was the very same Contributor Covenant, which Coraline had pitched to the maintainers herself.

But the story didn’t end here. The Contributor Covenant was then modified and a [new clause added in order to get to Elia](https://github.com/opal/opal/pull/948/commits/817321e27eccfffb3841f663815c17eecb8ef061#diff-a1ee87dafebc22cbd96979f1b2b7e837R11). The new clause widened the scope of the code of conduct to apply in public spaces. This malicious change was [spotted by the maintainers](https://github.com/opal/opal/pull/948#issuecomment-113486020) and they edited the clause. Opal eventually got rid of the Contributor Covenant and put its own guidelines in place instead.

This is a classic case where a few offended people, who had never contributed a single line of code to the project, tried to oust a core contributor.

## Reactions to the Linux Code of Conduct and Torvalds’ apology

As soon as the Linux code of conduct and Torvalds’ apology went public, social media and forums were rife with rumors and [speculations](https://www.reddit.com/r/linux/comments/9go8cp/linus_torvalds_daughter_has_signed_the/). While many people appreciated this new development, there were some who saw a conspiracy by [SJWs infiltrating Linux](https://snew.github.io/r/linux/comments/9ghrrj/linuxs_new_coc_is_a_piece_of_shit/).

A sarcastic tweet from Coraline only fueled the fire.

In the wake of the Linux CoC controversy, Coraline openly said that the Contributor Covenant code of conduct is a political document. This did not go down well with those who want to keep political stuff out of open source projects.

Nick Monroe, a freelance journalist, dug up Coraline’s past in an effort to prove his claim that there is more to the Linux CoC than meets the eye. You can read the entire thread if you want.

Nick wasn’t the only one to disapprove of the new Linux CoC. The [SJW](https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=SJW) involvement led to more skepticism.

While there were many who appreciated Torvalds’ apology, a few blamed Torvalds’ attitude:

And some were simply not amused by his apology:

The entire Torvalds apology episode has raised a genuine concern ;)

Jokes aside, genuine concern *was* raised by Sharp, who had [quit Linux Kernel development](https://www.networkworld.com/article/2988850/opensource-subnet/linux-kernel-dev-sarah-sharp-quits-citing-brutal-communications-style.html) in 2015 due to the “toxic community”.

## What do you think of the Linux Code of Conduct?

If you ask my opinion, I do think that a Code of Conduct is a requirement these days. It guides people in behaving in a respectable way and helps create a positive environment for all kinds of people irrespective of their race, ethnicity, religion, nationality or political views (both left and right).

What are your views on the entire episode? Do you think the CoC will help Linux kernel development? Or will it deteriorate with the involvement of anti-meritocracy SJWs?

We don’t have a code of conduct at It’s FOSS but let’s keep the discussion civil :)