Linux 新用户？来试试这 8 款重要的软件
软件
![](/data/attachment/album/201803/18/111520nm1lro53e25je3as.png)


即便您不是计算机的新手，刚接触 Linux 时，通常都会面临选择使用应用软件的问题。在数百万 Linux 应用程序中，做起选择来并不轻松。本文中，您将能发现八个重要的 Linux 应用，帮助您快速选择应用程序。


下面这些应用程序大多不是 Linux 独有的。如果有过使用 Windows/Mac 的经验，您很可能会熟悉其中一些软件。根据兴趣和需求，下面的程序可能不全符合您的要求，但是在我看来，清单里大多数甚至全部的软件，对于新用户开启 Linux 之旅都是有帮助的。


**相关链接** : [每一个 Linux 用户都应该使用的 11 个可移植软件](https://www.maketecheasier.com/portable-apps-for-linux/ "11 Portable Apps Every Linux User Should Use")


### 1. Chromium 网页浏览器


![linux-apps-01-chromium](/data/attachment/album/201803/18/111521eulnnsvzs83zvvzv.jpg "linux-apps-01-chromium")


几乎不会不需要使用网页浏览器的用户。您可以看到陈旧的 Linux 发行版几乎都会附带 Firefox（火狐浏览器）或者其他 [Linux 浏览器](https://www.maketecheasier.com/linux-browsers-you-probably-havent-heard-of/)，关于浏览器，强烈建议您尝试 [Chromium](http://www.chromium.org/)。它是谷歌浏览器的开源版。Chromium 的主要优点是速度和安全性。它同样拥有大量的附加组件。


### 2. LibreOffice


![linux-apps-02-libreoffice](/data/attachment/album/201803/18/111523qvgzb5v5z9bottvv.jpg "linux-apps-02-libreoffice")


[LibreOffice](https://www.libreoffice.org/) 是一个开源办公套件，其包括文字处理（Writer）、电子表格（Calc）、演示（Impress）、数据库（Base）、公式编辑器（Math）、矢量图和流程图（Draw）应用程序。它与 Microsoft Office 文档兼容，如果其基本功能不能满足需求，您可以使用 [LibreOffice 拓展](https://www.maketecheasier.com/best-libreoffice-extensions/)。


LibreOffice 显然是 Linux 应用中至关重要的一员，如果您使用 Linux 的计算机，安装它是有必要的。


### 3. GIMP（<ruby> GUN 图像处理程序 <rt>  GNU Image Manipulation Program </rt></ruby>）


![linux-apps-03-gimp](/data/attachment/album/201803/18/111528kz3cejrekhtjpcez.jpg "linux-apps-03-gimp")


[GIMP](https://www.gimp.org/) 是一款非常强大的开源图片处理程序，它类似于 Photoshop。通过 GIMP，您可以编辑或是创建用于 Web 或是打印的光栅图（位图）。如果您对专业的图片处理没有概念，Linux 自然提供有更简单的图像编辑器，GIMP 看上去可能会复杂一点。GIMP 并不单纯提供图片裁剪和大小调整，它更覆盖了图层、滤镜、遮罩、路径和其他一些高级功能。


### 4. VLC 媒体播放器


![linux-apps-04-vlc](/data/attachment/album/201803/18/111532r5b44yncxeclhnsn.jpg "linux-apps-04-vlc")


[VLC](http://www.videolan.org/) 也许就是最好的影音播放器了。它是跨平台的，所以您可能在 Windows 上也听说过它。VLC 最特殊的地方是其拥有大量解码器（并不是所有的解码器都开放源代码），所以它几乎可以播放所有的影音文件。


### 5. Jitsy


![linux-apps-05-jitsi](/data/attachment/album/201803/18/111535plpvqpsf4q48ojnd.jpg "linux-apps-05-jitsi")


[Jitsy](https://jitsi.org/) 完全是关于通讯的。您可以借助它使用 Google talk、Facebook chat、Yahoo、ICQ 和 XMPP。它是用于音视频通话（包括电话会议），<ruby> 桌面流 <rt>  desktop streaming </rt></ruby>和群组聊天的多用户工具。会话会被加密。Jistsy 同样能帮助您传输文件或记录电话。


### 6. Synaptic


![linux-apps-06-synaptic](/data/attachment/album/201803/18/111540zymedpcqjvez3gpp.jpg "linux-apps-06-synaptic")


[Synaptic](http://www.nongnu.org/synaptic/) 是一款基于 Debian 系统发行版的另一款应用程序安装程序。并不是所有基于 Debian 的 Linux 都安装有它，如果您使用基于 Debian 的 Linux 操作系统没有预装，也许您可以试一试。Synaptic 是一款用于添加或移除系统应用的 GUI 工具，甚至相对于许多发行版默认安装的 [软件中心包管理器](https://www.maketecheasier.com/are-linux-gui-software-centers-any-good/) ，经验丰富的 Linux 用户更亲睐于 Sunaptic。


**相关链接** : [10 款您没听说过的 Linux 生产力应用程序](https://www.maketecheasier.com/free-linux-productivity-apps-you-havent-heard-of/ "10 Free Linux Productivity Apps You Haven’t Heard Of")


### 7. VirtualBox


![linux-apps-07-virtualbox](/data/attachment/album/201803/18/111542ar4ze49e40x0zxrc.jpg "linux-apps-07-virtualbox")


[VirtualBox](https://www.virtualbox.org/) 能支持您在计算机上运行虚拟机。当您想在当前 Linux 发行版上安装其他发行版或操作系统时，使用虚拟机会方便许多。您同样可以通过它运行 Windows 应用程序，性能可能会稍弱，但是如果您有一台强大的计算机，就不会那么糟。


### 8. AisleRiot Solitaire（纸牌游戏）


![linux-apps-08-aisleriot](/data/attachment/album/201803/18/111543rz61rq126m33fggs.jpg "linux-apps-08-aisleriot")


对于 Linux 的新用户来说，一款纸牌游戏并不是刚需，但是它真的太有趣了。当您进入这款纸牌游戏，您会发现，这是一款极好的纸牌游戏包。[AisleRiot](https://wiki.gnome.org/Aisleriot) 是 Linux 标志性的应用程序，原因是 - 它涵盖超过八十种纸牌游戏，包括流行的 Klondike、Bakers Dozen、Camelot 等等，作为预警 - 它是会上瘾的，您可能会花很长时间沉迷于此！


根据您所使用的发行版，这些软件会有不同的安装方法。但是大多数都可以通过您使用的发行版中的包管理器安装使用，甚至它们可能会预装在您的发行版上。安装并且尝试它们想必是最好的，如果不合您的胃口，您可以轻松地删除它们。




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via: <https://www.maketecheasier.com/essential-linux-apps/>


作者：[Ada Ivanova](https://www.maketecheasier.com/author/adaivanoff/) 译者：[CYLeft](https://github.com/CYLeft) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
![](https://www.maketecheasier.com/assets/uploads/2018/01/Linux-apps-00-Featured.png)

When you are new to Linux, even if you are not new to computers in general, one of the problems you will face is which apps to use. With millions of Linux apps, the choice is certainly not easy. Below you will find eight (out of millions) essential Linux apps to get you settled in quickly.

Most of these apps are not exclusive to Linux. If you have used Windows/Mac before, chances are you are familiar with some of them. Depending on what your needs and interests are, you might not need all these apps, but in my opinion, most or all of the apps on this list are useful for newbies who are just starting out on Linux.

**Also read:** [11 Portable Apps Every Linux User Should Use](https://www.maketecheasier.com/portable-apps-for-linux/)

## 1. Chromium Web Browser

There is hardly a user who doesn’t need a web browser. While you can find good old Firefox for almost any Linux distro, and there is also a bunch of other [Linux browsers](https://www.maketecheasier.com/best-web-browsers-for-linux/), a browser you should definitely try is [Chromium](https://www.chromium.org/). It’s the open source counterpart of Google’s Chrome browser. The main advantages of Chromium is that it is secure and fast. There are also tons of add-ons for it.

## 2. LibreOffice

[LibreOffice](https://www.libreoffice.org/) is an open source Office suite that comes with word processor (Writer), spreadsheet (Calc), presentation (Impress), database (Base), formula editor (Math), and vector graphics and flowcharts (Draw) applications. It’s compatible with Microsoft Office documents, and there are even [LibreOffice extensions](https://www.maketecheasier.com/best-libreoffice-extensions/) if the default functionality isn’t enough for you.

LibreOffice is definitely one essential Linux app that you should have on your Linux computer.

## 3. GIMP

[GIMP](https://www.gimp.org/) is a very powerful open-source image editor. It’s similar to Photoshop. With GIMP you can edit photos and create and edit raster images for the Web and print. It’s true there are simpler image editors for Linux, so if you have no idea about image processing at all, GIMP might look too complicated to you. GIMP goes way beyond simple image crop and resize – it offers layers, filters, masks, paths, etc.

## 4. VLC Media Player

[VLC](https://www.videolan.org/) is probably the best movie player. It’s cross-platform, so you might know it from Windows. What’s really special about VLC is that it comes with lots of codecs (not all of which are open source, though), so it will play (almost) any music or video file.

## 5. Jitsi

[Jitsi](https://jitsi.org/) is all about communication. You can use it for Google Talk, Facebook chat, Yahoo, ICQ and XMPP. It’s a multi-user tool for audio and video calls (including conference calls), as well as desktop streaming and group chats. Conversations are encrypted. With Jitsi you can also transfer files and record your calls.

## 6. Synaptic

[Synaptic](https://www.nongnu.org/synaptic/) is an alternative app installer for Debian-based distros. It comes with some distros but not all, so if you are using a Debian-based Linux, but there is no Synaptic in it, you might want to give it a try. Synaptic is a GUI tool for adding and removing apps from your system, and typically veteran Linux users favor it over the [Software Center package manager](https://www.maketecheasier.com/are-linux-gui-software-centers-any-good/) that comes with many distros as a default.

**Also read:** [10 Free Linux Productivity Apps You Haven’t Heard Of](https://www.maketecheasier.com/free-linux-productivity-apps-you-havent-heard-of/)

## 7. VirtualBox

[VirtualBox](https://www.virtualbox.org/) allows you to run a virtual machine on your computer. A virtual machine comes in handy when you want to install another Linux distro or operating system from within your current Linux distro. You can use it to run Windows apps as well. Performance will be slower, but if you have a powerful computer, it won’t be that bad.

## 8. AisleRiot Solitaire

A solitaire pack is hardly an absolute necessity for a new Linux user, but since it’s so fun. If you are into solitaire games, this is a great solitaire pack. [AisleRiot](https://wiki.gnome.org/Aisleriot) is one of the emblematic Linux apps, and this is for a reason – it comes with more than eighty solitaire games, including the popular Klondike, Bakers Dozen, Camelot, etc. Just be warned – it’s addictive and you might end up spending long hours playing with it!

Depending on the distro you are using, the way to install these apps is not the same. However, most, if not all, of these apps will be available for install with a package manager for your distro, or even come pre-installed with your distro. The best thing is, you can install and try them out and easily remove them if you don’t like them.

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