24 个值得尝试的 Linux 桌面环境

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![](/data/attachment/album/202008/04/222604tj9mpc66zyzxppbx.jpg)


Linux 桌面的最大优点之一是它提供给用户选择的权利。如果你不喜欢你屏幕左下角的应用程序菜单，你可以移除它。如果你不喜欢你的文件管理器组织文件的方式，你可以使用另外一个文件管理器。不过，不可否认的是，这对那些不习惯自己选择如何使用计算机的用户来说可能会感到困惑。如果你正在考虑安装 Linux，你要做的选择之一就是你想使用哪一个桌面，最好的方法就是尝试几个不同的桌面，直到你找到感觉适合你的桌面。


### 默认桌面


![](/data/attachment/album/202008/04/222658eymfmfbtbvvn8bxs.jpg)


作为在 Fedora、Ubuntu、Debian 和一些其它操作系统上的默认桌面，GNOME 桌面可能是最流行的 Linux 桌面。它有一个易于使用和现代化的界面，并带有为手机环境设计的小点缀，因此即使在触摸屏上也感觉很自然。


不过，一些 Linux 发行版选择了不同的桌面环境，如 KDE Plasma、Pantheon、Cinnamon 和 Mate。


* [GNOME](/article-11675-1.html): 现代化和易于使用，默认桌面
* [Mate](/article-11703-1.html): 传统的 GNOME
* [KDE](/article-11728-1.html): 功能强大、可配置的 Plasma 桌面
* [Cinnamon](/article-8606-1.html): 经典的 GNOME
* [Pantheon](/article-11660-1.html): [ElementaryOS](https://elementary.io/) 的默认桌面
* [Budgie](/article-10547-1.html): 一个柔和的桌面
* [Trinity](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-trinity-desktop-environment-tde): 传统的 KDE


### 传统的 Unix


![](/data/attachment/album/202008/04/222709n3h53hsz0bhnhubu.jpg "Window Maker running on Fedora")


Unix 是现代操作系统的鼻祖，也是 Linux 的直接灵感来源，拥有令人吃惊的丰富的桌面历史。大多数人都不熟悉 Unix 桌面设计，因为 Unix 计算机被认为是学术界、科学界和电影界常见的专业机器，而不是家用计算机。如果你是一名 Unix、IRIX 或 NeXT 的用户，那么你可能会对类似于 [CDE](https://sourceforge.net/projects/cdesktopenv/) 或 NeXTStep 的桌面有着美好的回忆。你很幸运，因为这一传统延续至今：


* [Windowmaker](/article-11650-1.html): NeXT 界面的复兴
* [Enlightenment](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-enlightenment-desktop): 一个现代化的改进型 Windowmaker 风格的桌面
* [Fluxbox](/article-12082-1.html): 跳出 Blackbox 思维定式
* [Openbox](/article-11698-1.html): 改善 Blackbox 的可用性
* [TWM](/article-11734-1.html): 与 X11 绑定至死的示例桌面
* [Fvwm](/article-11712-1.html): 改进的 TWM


### 轻量级桌面


![](/data/attachment/album/202008/04/222716lr0qra0raaad0rr3.jpg "XFCE on Mageia Linux in 2019")


你可能想知道为什么 Linux 有那么多的桌面可供选择。你可以把它归结为个人喜好和对效率低下的低容忍度，但优化用户界面也有技术上的好处。例如，老电脑难以跟上用户界面的更新，可以使用轻量级桌面[赋予它新的生命](https://opensource.com/article/20/2/macbook-linux-elementary) 。另外，你可能只是想把 CPU 处理能力分配到除桌面以外的其它东西上，所以保持你的主用户界面极简是有意义的。不管你的动机是什么，这里有一些你可以尝试的桌面：


* [XFCE](/article-10413-1.html): 熟悉的桌面，极少的性能损失
* [LXQT 和 LXDE](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/lxqt-lxde-linux-desktop): 熟悉的桌面，较少的性能损失
* [PekWM](/article-11670-1.html): 一个 Blackbox 式的窗口管理器
* [Joe's Window Manager](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/joes-window-manager-linux-desktop): 另一个 Blackbox 式的窗口管理器
* [Ratpoison](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/ratpoison-linux-desktop): 不使用鼠标
* [Herbstluftwm](/article-11734-1.html): 针对 [Vim 用户](https://opensource.com/resources/what-vim) 的Ratpoison
* [Lumina](/article-11706-1.html): 一个为 PC-BSD 开发的桌面


### 实验性桌面


![](/data/attachment/album/202008/04/222723mha6rhqawz6howso.jpg "Unix Desktop Environment")


当创建一个桌面并将其集成到一个系统中相对容易的时候，会发生的事情之一就是你会得到一些有趣的概念验证项目和试验性项目。有一些会比其它的更精致，有一些则不是很容易安装。这些很可能注定不会成为你的永久桌面，但是它们可以是很有趣的体验:


* [Unix Desktop Environment](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-unix-desktop-environment-ude): 该桌面的重塑版
* [Rox](/article-12123-1.html): 在它那个时代是先进和现代的桌面
* [MLVWM](/article-11720-1.html): 要是 Apple IIe 运行 Unix 怎么样？
* [Equinox](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/ede-linux-desktop): 只是个最基础的东西


### 选择你的桌面


如果太多的选择让你不知所措，那么记住：桌面意味着 *可选*。你没有义务来尝试发行版附带的多个桌面。


许多 Linux 的高级用户都会满足于他们的发行版所提供的某个桌面。最重要的是得到一个可以与你的计算机一起工作的 Linux 系统系统，并花费时间来学习它是如何工作的。归根结底，所有的桌面都只是为了做同一件事：帮助你组织和管理你的重要数据。让你了解你的桌面是如何工作的，这才是最重要的。但是如果你已经了解了你的默认桌面的各个方面，那你现在有了可以在周末尝试的大量选择。祝你玩得开心！




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via: <https://opensource.com/article/20/5/linux-desktops>


作者：[Seth Kenlon](https://opensource.com/users/seth) 选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) 译者：[robsean](https://github.com/robsean) 校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)


本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出


OK
One of the great strengths of the Linux desktop is the choice it affords its users. If you don't like your application menu in the lower left of your screen, you can move it. If you don't like the way your file manager organizes your documents, you can use a different one. Admittedly, however, that can be confusing for new users who aren't used to having a say in how they use their computers. If you're looking at installing Linux, one of the choices you're going to have to make is which desktop you want to use, and the best way to do that is to try a few different ones until you find the one that feels right for you.

## The defaults


![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/advent-gnome.jpg)

opensource.com

As the default on Fedora, Ubuntu, Debian, and several others, the GNOME desktop is probably the most popular desktop for Linux. It's an intuitive and modern interface, with little nods to mobile design so it feels natural even on a touch screen.

Some distributions of Linux opt for something different, though, including KDE Plasma, Pantheon, Cinnamon, and Mate.

[GNOME](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/gnome-linux-desktop): the modern and intuitive default[Mate](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/mate-linux-desktop): legacy GNOME[KDE](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-kde-plasma): the powerful and configurable Plasma desktop[Cinnamon](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/cinnamon-linux-desktop): classic GNOME[Pantheon](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/pantheon-linux-desktop): the divine default of[ElementaryOS](https://elementary.io/)[Budgie](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/budgie-linux-desktop): a subdued desktop[Trinity](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-trinity-desktop-environment-tde): legacy KDE

## Traditional Unix


![Window Maker running on Fedora Window Maker running on Fedora](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-windowmaker.jpg)

Unix, the progenitor of modern operating systems and the direct inspiration for Linux, has a surprisingly rich history of desktops. Most people aren't familiar with Unix desktop design because Unix computers were considered specialist machines common to academic, scientific, and film settings rather than the household. If you were a Unix, IRIX, or NeXT user, then you might have fond memories of desktops like [CDE](https://sourceforge.net/projects/cdesktopenv/) or NeXTStep. You're in luck because the tradition lives on:

[Windowmaker](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-window-maker-desktop): the NeXT interface reborn[Enlightenment](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-enlightenment-desktop): a modernized and improved Windowmaker-style desktop[Fluxbox](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/fluxbox-linux-desktop): thinking outside the box[Openbox](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/openbox-linux-desktop): improving the usability of the box[TWM](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/twm-linux-desktop): the timeless sample desktop bundled with X11[Fvwm](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/fvwm-linux-desktop): TWM improved

## Lightweight desktops

![XFCE on Mageia Linux in 2019 XFCE in 2019 on Mageia Linux](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/advent-xfce.jpg)

You might wonder why Linux has so many desktops to choose from. While you can chalk a lot of it up to personal preference and a low tolerance for inefficiency, there are technical benefits to optimizing an interface. For instance, old computers struggling to keep up with an update to its UI [can be given new life](https://opensource.com/article/20/2/macbook-linux-elementary) with a lightweight desktop. Alternately, you may simply want to allocate CPU cycles to everything *but* your desktop, so keeping your primary UI minimal just makes sense. Whatever your reason, there are several you can try:

[XFCE](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/xfce-linux-desktop): delivers a familiar desktop for a fraction of the cost[LXQT and LXDE](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/lxqt-lxde-linux-desktop): familiar desktops for a smaller fraction of the cost[PekWM](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/pekwm-linux-desktop): a box-style window manager[Joe's Window Manager](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/joes-window-manager-linux-desktop): another box-style window manager[Ratpoison](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/ratpoison-linux-desktop): don't touch that mouse[Herbstluftwm](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/herbstluftwm-linux-desktop): Ratpoison for[Vim users](https://opensource.com/resources/what-vim)[Lumina](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-lumina-desktop): a desktop developed for PC-BSD

## Experimental desktops


![Unix Desktop Environment Unix Desktop Environment](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/advent-ude.jpg)

One of the things that happens when it's relatively easy to create and integrate a desktop into a system is that you get interesting proof-of-concepts and experimental projects. Some are more polished than others, and some aren't terribly easy to install. These probably aren't destined to be your permanent desktop, but they can be fun to experience:

[Unix Desktop Environment](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-unix-desktop-environment-ude): a reinvention of the desktop[Rox](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-rox-desktop): a progressive and modern desktop in its day[MLVWM](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/linux-mlvwm-desktop): what if the Apple IIe had run Unix?[Equinox](https://opensource.com/article/19/12/ede-linux-desktop): just the basics

## Choose your desktop


If you're overwhelmed by choice, then keep in mind that desktops are meant to be *optional*. There's no obligation to try more than the one that ships with your distribution.


Many a power user of Linux settles for whatever desktop their distribution puts in front of them. The important thing is to get a Linux install that works with your computer, and spend time with it to learn how it works. Ultimately, all desktops are only meant to do the same thing: help you organize and manage your important data. As long as you know how your desktop works, that's all that matters. But if you've learned everything you need to know about your default desktop, you now have plenty of options to try out on the weekend. Have fun!

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