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Nikau Foundation's General Manager Louise spoke to over 100 Probus Club members at the Masterton Club on 28th of September. Probus clubs are an international network of retirees who are looking to 'stimulate thought, interest and participation in activities' with like-minded people.
Louise introduced Nikau Foundation and the new Nikau Wairarapa fund, and outlined the Wairarapa organisations that have been funded in recent years. The talk was well received, and has raised Nikau Foundation's profile in the region.
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I want to donate by cash or check. How can I do this?
Does CrowdRise accept donations via PayPal?
We use WePay and PayPal Giving Fund to process donations. Both are PCI Level 1 Compliant (that's the best) so your credit card information is secure. However, there are various reasons why your donation may be rejected.
The most common reason cards are rejected is incorrect billing info. Triple check that the billing info you're entering matches the billing info associated with the card.
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Your bank could be blocking the donation because they don't recognize the charge. This is especially true when the donation amount is large or when you are donating from outside of your billing zip code. Simply reaching out to your bank to confirm the donation is legitimate should do the trick if this is the problem.
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If number one or two do not work, the next troubleshooting option would be to try donating from a different computer on a different internet connection. If you're able to donate from a different computer, we know that the issue is definitely unique and has to do with your computer settings or could even be a firewall setting if you're trying to donate from a workplace or other shared public network.
We definitely want you to keep trying to get that donation through, but please note that rapid, repeated donation attempts will trigger a fraud review by our payment processors' security teams. Try to give it some time before attempting again.
If you are still having trouble making your donation please email us and we will continue to troubleshoot.
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Lost Discussion "Adrift"
With the abduction of Walt fresh on their minds and their raft destroyed, Michael, Sawyer and Jin fight for their lives and discover a new predator in the roiling ocean. Meanwhile on land, Locke must descend into the hatch when one castaway goes missing inside.
Published by Brian, in Lost.
← Gaiman and Whedon Interview Invasion Discussion, "Lights Out" →
17 replies on "Lost Discussion "Adrift""
vanyel says:
Good start
I think I mentioned this elsewhere, but I really liked the season summary that preceded the opener: it really helped bring a couple newcomer friends up to speed. I'm not sure about the wisdom of going into a dark hole labeled "quarantine", and I hope they have a good explanation for whatzis face being there after meeting the doc in the stadium, but I'll see where they go with it. They seem to be maintaining the flow of last season nicely, so I'm looking forward to this season.
octa says:
Re: Good start
If I've been stuck on an island for more than a month with the fear of some "outsiders" coming to kill me then I'd go down the hatch no matter what it said too :P
J_W_W says:
I think I mentioned this elsewhere, but I really liked the season summary that preceded the opener: it really helped bring a couple newcomer friends up to speed. I'm not sure about the wisdom of going into a dark hole labeled "quarantine", and I hope they have a good explanation for whatzis face being there after meeting the doc in the stadium, but I'll see where they go with it. They seem to be maintaining the flow of last season nicely, so I'm looking forward to this season.
I really like how this episode went back and filled in the blanks between Locke going down the hatch and Jack showing up. Great writing to loop that around. And the shot of the "others" coming for Sawyer and Michael was really ominous.
As for the preview for next week, whos the girl??
valen1260 says:
I really like how this episode went back and filled in the blanks between Locke going down the hatch and Jack showing up. Great writing to loop that around.
And the shot of the "others" coming for Sawyer and Michael was really ominous.
There will be (at least) one new character this season, played by Michelle Rodriguez, who was shown in the preview for next week. She's a survivor on the other side of the island. She and Jack met in a bar pre-flight, though I would've forgotten her completely had it not been for the season one recap. She was in the tail of the plan and wanted to switch seats with Jack. The tail of the plane is what tore off first, and was presumed lost (no pun intended). So, the "other side" of the island would seem to be the side closer to Sydney (assuming the plane wasn't turned around).
As for the people from whom Jin was escaping, I couldn't tell if they were other survivors (including MR), or are those responsible for the pyre and Walt's kidnapping. The preview for next week seems to indicate the MR character is hiding or caged, and suggests she is not part of this group.
And I agree that the last shot was very well done. It reminded me very much of Night of the Living Dead, for some reason.
I'm not sure about the wisdom of going into a dark hole labeled "quarantine"
Actually, it's my understanding that they were the ones being quarantined off, as "Quarantine" was written on the inside of the hatch. It was a (seemingly pointless) reminder for Desmond not to leave his sealed habitat.
and I hope they have a good explanation for whatzis face [Desmond] being there after meeting the doc in the stadium
Yeah, I think that's a bit of a stretch. It's clear that Jack recognized Desmond, but does it look like Desmond recognized Jack? Also, though the computer equipment is at least twenty years old, the backstory with Jack and Desmond couldn't have been more than a few years ago, right?
zonk3r says:
holy crap…
okay first question, what was the brand name on all that stuff? i couldn't see it very clearly.
secondly any one lese notice what was on the shark? hint: the brand logo thingy!!!
Abednigo says:
Re: holy crap…
No I didn't notice!! I'm glad I taped it so I can go back and take a look at it more closely. But you're right, the logo was on EVERYTHING, but it wasn't clear enough to see what it said. It was like they wanted it to be close enough to where you thought you could almost read it, but far enough away that it wasn't clear. Tricksie!
Although my only complaint was the lead in when the person said, "the fate of the castaways is revealed!", or something like that. I guess they just meant the fate of Michael, Sawyer and Jin.
Here I was hoping it was the Umbrella Corporation. I mean, we have Michelle Rodriguez, after all.
Got this from another LOST forum: http://img258.imageshack.us/my.php?image=dharmafirstconfirmation3ki.jpg
Some are arguing whether that's a swan or snake in the middle. Also the logo on the shark:
http://img258.imageshack.us/my.php?image=logoonshark8no.jpg
Seems to have a different relief in the middle. Though that could just be due to a blurry picture.
Someone went back and took a shot of the polar bear attacking Walt and it SEEMS to have the logo on it's left shoulder but there isn't a concensus on that:
http://img198.imageshack.us/img198/5180/lostpossiblelogo5fu.gif
It could be that it was too early in the show that they had nailed a logo and so it's blurry on purpose on the polar bear.
Very very interesting stuff. I really don't know what to think now. The inside of the hatch seems like a missle silo to me, I wouldn't be surprised if some kind of accident happened to a biological warhead and so causing all the hallucinations and stuff.
theangrymob says:
You know, my eyes registered the logo, and I thought: "Was that some insignia on the shark's tale?" Finally I just said, "No, that'd be crazy." Silly me.
x00 says:
Did anyone notice that Michael gave Walt a Polar Bear plush toy to take with him when he went to Rome ?
Yes, which makes the third instance of a Polar Bear in the show.
y42 says:
Some are arguing whether that's a swan or snake in the middle.
I say it's a scorpion's tail.
RandomChance says:
I didn't spot most of those during the show… but here is all I can add on the emblem:
dharma is the name for the collected wisdom of the buddha in buddhism – the knowledge that leads to enlightonment and nirvana. The outer "ring" is a representation of the "I Ching" a very vauge but very popular divianation book in China. You flip a coin or divide yarrow stalks to get different verses then match them up to get something like "Dragon over water/ old man on river bank / the fortress is sieged in mountain" Which you then look up in the copious comentary books.
Buddhism is of Indian origin but flourished in China. Later China sects of buddhism developed the idea that, since people were not going "Poof! I'm Enlightned!" anymore we must be in the "last days of the dharma" and that the teachings had become inneffective/corrupted and so other means were neccessary.
Does any of this mean anything for Lost? I don't know but its food for thought.
I didn't spot most of those during the show…
I didn't either, most of it was so dark, all I could see was a little movement here and there. Maybe I should pull out the video essentials disk and give my tv a tuneup… or more incentive to get the projector I've been planning for a while ;-)
As for the logo, I of course noticed it in the tunnels when they do the closeup, and having just seen Serenity with people wearing Blue Sun t-shirts the same shade of Blue… The Blue Sun logo is quite different, but actually, the one on Lost would probably make a better Blue Sun logo ;-) Anyway, just a random thought that no one will read because this has already scrolled off the headline list…
Trekkie says:
what a waste of time
they need to step it up pretty quick or I'm going to be watching the conflicting shows.
Alexius says:
Re: what a waste of time
Agreed. I Was Pissed Off. That Episode Seemed Like It Just Wasted An Hour. I Could Be Watching The 'Last Week On Lost' Part OF The Show Only and Be Just as Informed.
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Light's L16 camera was born out of a simple question: How can we take quality photos with the least amount of gear? The goal was to create a tool that would allow the customer to focus on the moment, rather than the camera controls. Light is pioneering the era of the software-defined camera. Combining breakthrough optics technology with sophisticated computational software, Light cameras deliver high-quality imaging in a compact, cost-effective footprint. This revolutionary approach was first implemented in the award-winning Light L16 camera. This paper will focus on the thermal considerations needed to ensure a high quality images, compact form factor, and cost-effective camera design.
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To Combat Roving Gangs of Rape-ugees Germans Take To Buying Guns By Mail
Posted by Emma Wolff on Feb 6, 2017 in Featured, Gun Control FAIL, International | 1 comment
Hundreds of illegal guns have been sent into Germany through the postal system, with websites offering the service.
The following summation was sent to me by a source who compiled it from a number of English language translations.
Germany's largest newspaper is reporting that hundreds of people have been caught buying illegal firearms in order to protect themselves from migrants.
The largest of the websites selling guns has been shut down and its user data has been handed over to the police and journalists.
According to claims elsewhere in the German media, people who were buying the weapons come from all different political and socio-economic backgrounds. Many are unaware they are breaking the law and cite rising fears of being threatened by anti-social migrants as the primary reason for their purchase.
Reporters from the Sueddeutsche newspaper tracked down one of the sites' users, a doctor from Munich, who told reporters: "People from other countries, of course, have different ideas about how to behave in society. Uncontrolled immigration is a problem, we need a 180-degree u-turn."
Reports suggest there was a spike in sales after the Cologne sex attacks on New Year's Eve last year.
It is believed the weapons are purchased in Hungary, where they are legal, then posted unchecked into Germany through the EU's open borders.
A well used revolver costs around 349 euros, a Kalashnikov 749 euros. Some of the customers paid up to 4,000 euros. By the end of January 2017, according to the data, the Online shop received orders for more than 150,000 euros.
(source, in German, "Zeit Online")
http://www.zeit.de/gesellschaft/zeitgeschehen/2017-02/migrantenschreck-illegale-waffen-website-offline
The latests exchange rate for the USD to the EUR is 1.08 dollars per Euro. Multiply the prices by 1.08 if you wish to obtain the equivalent number in dollars. Perhaps a knowledgable reader can inform us as to the postage rates for packages in the European Union.
The articles say that the police have been informed. I did not read of any arrests being made.
©2017 by Dean Weingarten: Permission to share is granted when this notice and link are included. Gun Watch
Editor's Note: So this is what happens when ridiculous gun control meets irresponsible immigration policies. Gang rapes against the native population skyrockets. Rapes committed by migrant males from the Middle East number in the THOUSANDS in Germany alone. It is little wonder that the population, disarmed by Gestapo like gun control are taking matters into their own hands and purchasing guns illegally through the mail in order to protect themselves.
I wrote an article last year, almost to the day, that outlines how European countries want women to "defend" themselves against these rapists. They even made a how to video that I included. Have a look, and I promise you, sadly…it is NOT a joke:
The Sad and Tragic Example of How European Countries Want Women To Deal With a RAPE-ugee (Video)
Is it any wonder thatgang rapes committed by these so called "refugees" numbered over 5000 last year?
And Germany's response? Not to crack down on the rapists and reevaluate their refugee program…but rather to shut down gun sellers and go after Germans who want to protect themselves.
None of this should come as a suprise though, gun controllers have always believed the following (originally posted by the Brady Campaign on their facebook page):
To all the women around the world who wish to be safe, I say to you I would rather be judged by 12 than raped by 20.
Verfofstadt: You can't have a better deal with the EU outside the EU
MSF Warns of Inhumane Detention Conditions in Libya as EU Discusses Migration
The EU will ensure 'no discrimination' is inflicted on nationals affected by Trump ban
UK High Court dismisses EEA Brexit legal challenge
|
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Re: Constant Throughput timer and using "Calculate throughput based on all active threads (shared)"
Subject Re: Constant Throughput timer and using "Calculate throughput based on all active threads (shared)"
as the test tried to reach the target throughput straight away.
same throughput but not hammer the system at the get go.
therefore need to limit threads individually.
|
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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Moq;
using NUnit.Framework;
using SFA.DAS.NLog.Logger;
using SFA.DAS.ReferenceData.Application.Services.OrganisationSearch;
using SFA.DAS.ReferenceData.Domain.Interfaces.Services;
using SFA.DAS.ReferenceData.Domain.Models.Company;
using SFA.DAS.ReferenceData.Types.DTO;
using Address = SFA.DAS.ReferenceData.Types.DTO.Address;
namespace SFA.DAS.ReferenceData.Application.UnitTests.Services.CompanySearchServiceTests
{
public class WhenISearchForACompany
{
private Mock<ILog> _logger;
private Mock<ICompaniesHouseEmployerVerificationService> _verificationService;
private CompanySearchService _searchService;
[SetUp]
public void Arrange()
{
_logger = new Mock<ILog>();
_verificationService = new Mock<ICompaniesHouseEmployerVerificationService>();
_searchService = new CompanySearchService(_verificationService.Object, _logger.Object);
}
[Test]
public async Task ShouldSearchForCompaniesUsingCompanyHouseService()
{
//Arrange
var searchTerm = "test";
var results = new CompanySearchResults();
_verificationService.Setup(x => x.FindCompany(It.IsAny<string>(), 10)).ReturnsAsync(results);
//Act
await _searchService.Search(searchTerm, 10);
//Assert
_verificationService.Verify(x => x.FindCompany(searchTerm, 10), Times.Once);
}
[Test]
public async Task ShouldReturnFoundCompany()
{
//Arrange
const string searchTerm = "test";
var resultItem = new CompanySearchResultsItem
{
CompanyName = "Test Company",
Address = new Domain.Models.Company.Address
{
Premises = "12",
CompaniesHouseLine1 = "Test Street",
CompaniesHouseLine2 = "Test Park",
TownOrCity = "Test Town",
County = "Testshire",
PostCode = "TE51 3TS"
},
DateOfIncorporation = DateTime.Now,
CompanyNumber = "12345678"
};
_verificationService.Setup(x => x.FindCompany(It.IsAny<string>(), 10)).ReturnsAsync(new CompanySearchResults
{
Companies = new List<CompanySearchResultsItem> { resultItem }
});
//Act
var results = await _searchService.Search(searchTerm, 10);
//Assert
Assert.IsNotNull(results.FirstOrDefault());
}
[Test]
[TestCase("", OrganisationStatus.None)]
[TestCase(null, OrganisationStatus.None)]
[TestCase("active", OrganisationStatus.Active)]
[TestCase("dissolved", OrganisationStatus.Dissolved)]
[TestCase("liquidation", OrganisationStatus.Liquidation)]
[TestCase("receivership", OrganisationStatus.Receivership)]
[TestCase("administration", OrganisationStatus.Administration)]
[TestCase("voluntary-arrangement", OrganisationStatus.VoluntaryArrangement)]
[TestCase("converted-closed", OrganisationStatus.ConvertedClosed)]
[TestCase("insolvency-proceedings", OrganisationStatus.InsolvencyProceedings)]
public async Task ShouldSetOrganisationStatus(string companiesHouseStatus, OrganisationStatus expectedMappedStatus)
{
//Arrange
const string searchTerm = "test";
var resultItem = new CompanySearchResultsItem
{
CompanyName = "Test Company",
Address = new Domain.Models.Company.Address
{
Premises = "12",
CompaniesHouseLine1 = "Test Street",
CompaniesHouseLine2 = "Test Park",
TownOrCity = "Test Town",
County = "Testshire",
PostCode = "TE51 3TS"
},
DateOfIncorporation = DateTime.Now,
CompanyNumber = "12345678",
CompanyStatus = companiesHouseStatus
};
_verificationService.Setup(x => x.FindCompany(It.IsAny<string>(), 10)).ReturnsAsync(new CompanySearchResults
{
Companies = new List<CompanySearchResultsItem> { resultItem }
});
//Act
var results = await _searchService.Search(searchTerm, 10);
//Assert
Assert.AreEqual(expectedMappedStatus, results.FirstOrDefault().OrganisationStatus);
}
[TestCase("12", "Test Street", "TestPark", "Test Town", "Testshire", "TE51 3TS")]
[TestCase(null, "Test Street", "TestPark", "Test Town", "Testshire", "TE51 3TS")]
[TestCase("12", "Test Street", null, "Test Town", "Testshire", "TE51 3TS")]
[TestCase(null, "Test Street", null, "Test Town", "Testshire", "TE51 3TS")]
public async Task ShouldFormatAddressCorrectlyForFoundCompanies(string premises, string companiesHouseLine1, string companiesHouseLine2,
string townOrCity, string county, string postcode)
{
//Arrange
const string searchTerm = "Test";
var resultItem = new CompanySearchResultsItem
{
CompanyName = "Test Company",
Address = new Domain.Models.Company.Address
{
Premises = premises,
CompaniesHouseLine1 = companiesHouseLine1,
CompaniesHouseLine2 = companiesHouseLine2,
TownOrCity = townOrCity,
County = county,
PostCode = postcode
},
DateOfIncorporation = DateTime.Now,
CompanyNumber = "12345678"
};
_verificationService.Setup(x => x.FindCompany(It.IsAny<string>(), 10)).ReturnsAsync(new CompanySearchResults
{
Companies = new List<CompanySearchResultsItem> { resultItem }
});
//Act
var results = await _searchService.Search(searchTerm, 10);
var organisation = results.FirstOrDefault();
//Assert
Assert.IsNotNull(organisation);
Assert.AreEqual(resultItem.CompanyName, organisation.Name);
Assert.AreEqual(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(resultItem.Address.Premises) ? resultItem.Address.Premises : resultItem.Address.CompaniesHouseLine1, organisation.Address.Line1);
Assert.AreEqual(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(resultItem.Address.Premises) ? resultItem.Address.CompaniesHouseLine1 : resultItem.Address.CompaniesHouseLine2, organisation.Address.Line2);
Assert.AreEqual(!string.IsNullOrEmpty(resultItem.Address.Premises) ? resultItem.Address.CompaniesHouseLine2 : null, organisation.Address.Line3);
Assert.AreEqual(resultItem.Address.TownOrCity, organisation.Address.Line4);
Assert.AreEqual(resultItem.Address.County, organisation.Address.Line5);
Assert.AreEqual(resultItem.Address.PostCode, organisation.Address.Postcode);
Assert.AreEqual(resultItem.CompanyNumber, organisation.Code);
Assert.AreEqual(resultItem.DateOfIncorporation, organisation.RegistrationDate);
Assert.AreEqual(OrganisationType.Company, organisation.Type);
Assert.AreEqual(OrganisationSubType.None, organisation.SubType);
}
[Test]
public async Task ThenAnEmptyAddressIsReturnedWhenNullIsReturnedFromTheApi()
{
//Arrange
var resultItem = new CompanySearchResultsItem
{
CompanyName = "Test Corp",
Address = null,
DateOfIncorporation = DateTime.Now,
CompanyNumber = "12345678"
};
_verificationService.Setup(x => x.FindCompany(It.IsAny<string>(), 10)).ReturnsAsync(new CompanySearchResults
{
Companies = new List<CompanySearchResultsItem> { resultItem }
});
//Act
var actual = await _searchService.Search("test", 10);
//Assert
Assert.IsNotNull(actual);
Assert.IsNotNull(actual.FirstOrDefault());
Assert.IsAssignableFrom<Address>(actual.First().Address);
}
[Test]
public async Task ShouldReturnNullIfExceptionIsThrowAndLogTheError()
{
//Arrange
var exception = new WebException();
_verificationService.Setup(x => x.FindCompany(It.IsAny<string>(), 10))
.Throws(exception);
//Act
var result = await _searchService.Search("test", 10);
//Assert
_logger.Verify(x => x.Error(exception, It.IsAny<string>()));
Assert.IsNull(result);
}
[Test]
public async Task ShouldReturnNullIfNoCompaniesFound()
{
//Arrange
_verificationService.Setup(x => x.FindCompany(It.IsAny<string>(), 10)).ReturnsAsync(new CompanySearchResults{Companies = new CompanySearchResultsItem[0]});
//Act
var result = await _searchService.Search("test", 10);
//Assert
Assert.IsNotNull(result);
Assert.IsEmpty(result);
}
}
}
|
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Green is one of my favorite colors this time of year. Isn't it so fresh and bright!?
This monochromatic green salad with a dash of purple is definitely an extension of my love for this beautiful hue. I was photographing a series of Autumn recipes for a magazine last week and was having a little bit of a tough time breaking away from bright summer-like colors. So I snuck in this salad as an avenue for my desiring of greens!
I was able to get fresh dill, arugula and these delicious red onions at the farmers market in Union Square. While the original recipe doesn't actually call for arugula I thought it added a nice texture to make it more of a hearty salad and it can withstand the tangy lemon/honey dressing. Picking types of arugula to use was a bit tricky...have you ever noticed how many different kinds there are? I opted for a combination of wild arugula which has a little bit of a more peppery taste and funny enough the second kind I chose is simply called arugula (that's the one with the rounder leaves).
At first glance you might think honeydew in a salad with cucumbers and onion is a bit odd but trust me, it somehow works together really well. Especially with the feta, poppy seed and lemon-y dressing, it's such a refreshing taste. This is a great summer salad to serve at your 4th of July BBQs!
Pour lemon juice into a large bowl and whisk in olive oil in a slow, steady stream until completely incorporated. Whisk in honey, salt and pepper. Add melon, cucumber, onion, dill and arugula. Toss to combine. Just before serving top with feta cheese and sprinkle with poppy seed. Makes 10 servings.
Recipe from Better Homes & Gardens mag.
|
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Synapses are asymmetric cell junctions with precisely juxtaposed presynaptic and postsynaptic sides. Transsynaptic adhesion complexes are thought to organize developing synapses. The molecular composition of these complexes, however, remains incompletely understood, precluding us from understanding how adhesion across the synaptic cleft guides synapse development. Here, we define two immunoglobulin superfamily members, SynCAM 1 and 2, that are expressed in neurons in the developing brain and localize to excitatory and inhibitory synapses. They function as cell adhesion molecules and assemble with each other across the synaptic cleft into a specific, transsynaptic SynCAM 1/2 complex. Additionally, SynCAM 1 and 2 promote functional synapses as they increase the number of active presynaptic terminals and enhance excitatory neurotransmission. The interaction of SynCAM 1 and 2 is affected by glycosylation, indicating regulation of this adhesion complex by posttranslational modification. The SynCAM 1/2 complex is representative for the highly defined adhesive patterns of this protein family, the four members of which are expressed in neurons in divergent expression profiles. SynCAMs 1, 2, and 3 each can bind themselves, yet preferentially assemble into specific, heterophilic complexes as shown for the synaptic SynCAM 1/2 interaction and a second complex comprising SynCAM 3 and 4. Our results define SynCAM proteins as components of novel heterophilic transsynaptic adhesion complexes that set up asymmetric interactions, with SynCAM proteins contributing to synapse organization and function.
Synapse organization in the CNS requires multiple specification steps to ensure synaptic function. These steps define nascent presynaptic and postsynaptic sites, support the distinct formation of excitatory or inhibitory synapses, and allow proper targeting of neurons. The development of synapses involves transsynaptic interactions of dedicated synaptic adhesion molecules (Scheiffele, 2003; Yamagata et al., 2003; Waites et al., 2005; Akins and Biederer, 2006). These adhesion systems likely comprise the protein complexes spanning the synaptic cleft (Lucic et al., 2005).
Despite the importance of synapse organization for brain development and function, our understanding of synaptic adhesion systems is limited. In both vertebrates and invertebrates, the diverse family of cadherin proteins is perhaps best understood to regulate synapses and neuronal signaling through transsynaptic interactions (Latefi and Colman, 2007; Takeichi, 2007). A different small family of synaptic adhesion molecules was identified in vertebrates with the purification of neurexins (Ushkaryov et al., 1992; Ushkaryov and Südhof, 1993) and their postsynaptic partners, neuroligins (Ichtchenko et al., 1995; Boucard et al., 2005). Neuroligins were shown to interact with neurexins to control the number of functional presynaptic terminals (Scheiffele et al., 2000; Dean et al., 2003; Levinson et al., 2005; Taniguchi et al., 2007). Conversely, neurexins cause postsynaptic protein assembly through binding of neuroligins (Graf et al., 2004; Chih et al., 2005). In vivo, neurexins and neuroligins affect synapse maturation, synaptic transmission, and network function (Missler et al., 2003; Varoqueaux et al., 2006).
In addition, various members of the Ig superfamily have been implicated as synapse organizing molecules. At the Drosophila neuromuscular junction, the adhesion molecule Fasciclin II stabilizes and patterns synapse formation (Davis et al., 1997). In the mollusk Aplysia, apCAM (Aplysia cell adhesion molecule) contributes to synaptic plasticity (Mayford et al., 1992), and in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the epithelial protein synaptogenesis abnormal-2 (SYG-2) and the neuronal SYG-1 guide synapse specificity (Shen and Bargmann, 2003; Shen et al., 2004). In vertebrates, the Ig protein NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule) regulates synapse formation and synaptic plasticity, whereas L1 participates in specifying synaptic sites, and the interactions of Sidekick family members contribute to synapse specification (Yamagata et al., 2003; Gerrow and El-Husseini, 2006).
Recently, the Ig superfamily member SynCAM 1 (synaptic cell adhesion molecule 1) was identified as synaptic cell adhesion molecule in vertebrates (Biederer et al., 2002). It is encoded by the gene CADM1 (cell adhesion molecule 1) and has also been named TSLC1, Necl-2 (nectin-like molecule 2), and RA175, reflecting its identification in other contexts (Kuramochi et al., 2001; Urase et al., 2001; Shingai et al., 2003). SynCAM 1 contains three extracellular Ig-like domains followed by a single transmembrane region and a short cytosolic sequence that interacts with PDZ [postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95)/Discs large/zona occludens-1] domains of synaptic scaffolding molecules (Biederer et al., 2002). SynCAM 1 can engage in a homophilic interaction through its Ig-like domains to mediate cell adhesion (Biederer et al., 2002). In cultured hippocampal neurons, SynCAM 1 overexpression promotes excitatory neurotransmission. Furthermore, presentation of SynCAM 1 from non-neuronal cells to hippocampal neurons drives the neurons to develop fully functional excitatory presynaptic terminals at sites of contact (Biederer et al., 2002; Sara et al., 2005).
To advance our understanding of SynCAM 1 activity at synapses, we defined the transsynaptic adhesion complexes in which it participates. Guided by our recent analysis of the four SynCAM family members that share the same domain organization (Biederer, 2006), we considered them as candidate heterophilic binding partners of SynCAM 1. However, expression profiles and interaction patterns of the four SynCAM proteins as well as shared functions in brain have not been described. Specifically, it was not known whether they together confer synaptic adhesion and can contribute to synapse organization and function.
We here identify SynCAMs as a neuronal family of adhesion molecules that prefer heterophilic over homophilic interactions, enabling them to cooperate in synapse organization. SynCAM 1 and 2 assemble into a synaptic adhesion complex, and both proteins affect the organization and function of synapses. SynCAM 3 and 4 constitute the second strong heterophilic pair within the SynCAM family. The adhesion complex of SynCAM 1 and 2 is stable in synaptic membranes in vivo and its components recruit presynaptic proteins and promote excitatory neurotransmission in vitro. Together, our findings identify SynCAM proteins as components of an asymmetric transsynaptic adhesion system and introduce a novel molecular mechanism that can contribute to the diversity of transsynaptic interactions and guide synapse organization in the CNS.
Specific antibodies against SynCAM 1 (YUC8) were raised in chicken against the natively N-deglycosylated extracellular sequence of mouse SynCAM 1 expressed as human IgG1 fusion in COS 7 cells. Antibodies against SynCAM 2 (YU524) and SynCAM 3 (YU525) were raised in rabbits against the peptides CKDVKYLKEEDANRKT and CHGDQTRIQEDPNGKT, respectively, corresponding to amino acid sequences in the second Ig-like domain of the mouse proteins with an N-terminal cysteine for coupling. Antibodies against SynCAM 4 (YU591) were raised in rabbits against the peptide CGGDGHKRKEEFFI, corresponding to the C-terminal sequence of the mouse protein with an N-terminal cysteine for coupling. All polyclonal antibodies were affinity purified using standard procedures (Harlow and Lane, 1999). For simultaneous detection of SynCAM 1–3, we used a pleioSynCAM antibody (T2412) raised in rabbits against the SynCAM 1 C-terminal sequence described previously (Biederer et al., 2002) that also recognizes this conserved sequence in SynCAM 2 and 3, but not 4 (supplemental Fig. 1, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). For immunoprecipitation of SynCAM 1 and selected immunoblots as described in the figures, monoclonal antibodies raised in chicken against its extracellular domain were used (clone 3E1; MBL Laboratories, Nagoya, Japan) (supplemental Fig. 1, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). Antibodies to synaptotagmin 1 (for immunoblotting, 41.1; for synaptic vesicle uptake, 604.1), synaptophysin (7.2), synapsin (1006002/E028), gephyrin (147011), and GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) (81.2) were obtained from Synaptic Systems (Göttingen, Germany); to PSD-95 (MA1–045) from Affinity Bioreagents (Golden, CO); to N-cadherin from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA); to flag (M2) from Sigma (St. Louis, MO); and to NeuN (neuronal-specific nuclear protein) (MAB377), vGlut1 (AB5905), vGlut2 (AB5907), and GAD65 (AB5082) from Millipore (Billerica, MA). Monoclonal antibodies to actin (JLA20; developed by Jim Jung-Ching Lin, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA) and SV2 (developed by Kathleen Buckley, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA) were obtained from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank maintained by the University of Iowa (Iowa City, IA). Antibodies to valosin-containing protein (VCP) (Sugita and Sudhof, 2000) were a gift from Dr. Thomas Südhof (University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX); antibodies to Netrin-G ligand (NGL) (Kim et al., 2006) were a gift from Dr. Eunjoon Kim (KAIST, Republic of South Korea); and antibodies to L1 were a gift from Dr. Vance Lemmon (University of Miami, Miami, FL).
Vector construction and heterologous protein expression.
Sequences encoding full-length SynCAM 2 (splice product 2) (Biederer, 2006), SynCAM 3 (splice product 2), and SynCAM 4 were amplified from a mouse brain cDNA library prepared at 9–11 weeks of age (Clontech #639400). PCR products were subcloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pCMV5 for heterologous expression or for long-lasting expression in neurons into the vector pCAGGS (a gift from Dr. Jun-ichi Miyazaki, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan) (Niwa et al., 1991).
To obtain intracellularly tagged SynCAM constructs for heterologous expression, NheI sites were introduced in full-length SynCAM sequences using the PCR mutagenesis kit (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA) to generate pCMV5 expression vectors for SynCAM1(420)*NheI, SynCAM2(391)*NheI, SynCAM3(377)*NheI, and SynCAM4(369)*NheI, with bracketed numbers indicating the amino acid into the codon of which the restriction site was introduced. A single flag epitope was inserted into the NheI site using annealed oligos. To introduce monomeric cyan fluorescent protein (CFP), its sequence was PCR amplified from pRSET-B mCFP (a gift from Dr. Roger Tsien, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA) and subcloned using NheI into the pCMV5-SynCAM*NheI expression vectors. Proper sorting of tagged proteins was confirmed by surface biotinylation (data not shown). To generate SynCAM 1 and 2 constructs with an extracellular flag epitope for expression in neurons, the vectors pCAGGS-SynCAM1(363)*NheI and pCAGGS-SynCAM2(326)*NheI were generated by PCR mutagenesis, and flag epitopes were inserted as described above. Bracketed numbers indicate the amino acid into the codon of which the restriction site was introduced.
To obtain expression vectors for the full extracellular sequences of SynCAM 2–4 fused to human IgG1, these sequences were PCR amplified and subcloned into pCMVIG9. pCMVIG9-SynCAM1 extracellular domain (ECD) has been described previously (Biederer et al., 2002). To obtain pCMVIG9 expression vectors for individual or combined Ig domains of the SynCAM 1 ECD, these sequences were PCR amplified and subcloned into pCVMIG9 or pCVMIG9-SynCAM1ΔIgECD (Biederer et al., 2002). To express extracellular SynCAM sequences with a thrombin cleavage site N-terminal of an IgG1 sequence, sequences were amplified by PCR and subcloned into the pDT100 vector (a gift from Dr. Dimitar Nikolov, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, NY).
To generate vectors for Semliki forest viral particle production and expression in neurons, sequences encoding wild-type, full-length SynCAM 1 and 2 were PCR amplified and subcloned into pSCA (DiCiommo and Bremner, 1998).
For heterologous expression in human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK 293) cells, cells were transfected with FuGENE 6 (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, IN). COS7 cells were transfected by the DEAE-dextran method (Gorman, 1985), and IgG1 fusion proteins were purified as described previously (Sugita et al., 2001).
For chromogenic detection, free-floating 40 μm sections were incubated in the appropriate riboprobe at 1 ng/μl in hybridization solution overnight at 65°C following standard procedures. Sections were then incubated in nitroblue–tetrazolium–chloride/5-bromo-4-chlor-indolyl-phosphate (Roche Applied Science) and mounted. For fluorescence detection, 20 μm sections were slide-mounted and incubated with riboprobes as described for the chromogenic detection. Tissue was then incubated in block [1% blocking reagent (Roche Applied Science) in TBS and 0.1 Triton X-100 (TBST)] containing a mouse anti-NeuN antibody to detect neuronal nuclei (Mullen et al., 1992) (1:300; Millipore MAB377), followed by incubation with a polyclonal antibody against digoxigenin conjugated to alkaline phosphatase (Roche Applied Sciences) in block. Sections were rinsed, incubated in block containing anti-mouse IgG1 conjugated to Alexa 488 (1:1000; Invitrogen, San Diego, CA) to detect NeuN staining, then incubated in HNPP/Fast Red (Roche Applied Sciences) to detect the riboprobes, rinsed, and mounted. Riboprobe and protocol details are available on request. Digital images were collected using a Microtek (Torrance, CA) Scanmaker i900 scanner (chromogen images) or collected using a Hamamatsu (Bridgewater, NJ) Orca camera attached to a Nikon (Tokyo, Japan) Eclipse TE2000-U microscope (fluorescence images). Signal level coding was generated using NIH ImageJ. The Lookup Table was switched to 16-color, and signal quantitation was performed using the ImageJ macro "BackgroundCorrectedDensity." The signal for each region was then normalized to the total signal in the hippocampus and divided by the area of that region.
Brain fractionation and glycosylation analysis.
Tissue samples were prepared from rats by rapid homogenization. Rat brain homogenates were subfractionated by the method of Jones and Matus (1974) with modifications (Biederer et al., 2002). Preparation of highly purified synaptic vesicles was performed as described previously (Takamori et al., 2006). Enzymatic glycosylation analysis was performed using sialidase (neuraminidase; Roche Applied Science) and PNGase F (N-glycosidase F; New England Biolabs, Beverly, MA) according to the manufacturer instructions. Carbohydrate contents of SynCAM extracellular domains were determined by size exclusion chromatography/laser static light scattering (SEC/LS) analysis (Hayashi et al., 1989). Analyzed proteins were expressed from pDT vectors in COS7 cells, and the IgG1 fusion protein was cleaved off with thrombin (Roche Applied Science). Amounts of purified SynCAM 4 were too low for SEC/LS analysis.
Bead clustering was performed using 1 μm diameter FluoSpheres (Invitrogen) after covalent coupling of Protein A to the beads using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (Invitrogen). SynCAM extracellular domain-IgG1 fusion proteins or control IgG were bound to Protein A-FluoSphere beads of red or green color, respectively. After agitation at 4°C for 1 h in 24-well plates, suspensions were imaged with a Hamamatsu Orca ER camera attached to a Nikon Eclipse TE2000-U. Bead clustering was not used for studies of heterophilic SynCAM binding, because homophilically clustered beads could not be sufficiently dispersed to allow heterophilic mixing.
For affinity chromatography on SynCAM extracellular domains, rat forebrain homogenate was prepared in homogenization buffer (10 mm HEPES-KOH, pH 7.4, 25 mm potassium acetate, 320 mm sucrose) in the presence of protease inhibitors [1 mg/l pepstatin, 1 mg/l aprotinin, 10 mg/l leupeptin (all from Roche Applied Science), 0.5 mm PMSF (Sigma)], centrifuged to obtain the postnuclear supernatant, and membranes were pelleted in a Beckman Ti 70 (Beckman Instruments, Fullerton, CA) at 60,000 × g (k-factor 59, 1285) for 30 min at 2°C. Membrane proteins were solubilized in homogenization buffer containing 1.0% 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (Roche Applied Science), and precleared on Protein A agarose (Invitrogen). As affinity matrix, SynCAM extracellular domains heterologously expressed in COS7 cells were bound to Protein A agarose beads and covalently coupled with dimethyl pimelimidate (Sigma). Solubilisates were then loaded onto these beads, and bound proteins were sequentially eluted with 800 mm potassium acetate followed by 2% SDS. For previous native deglycosylation of the immobilized SynCAM extracellular domain, PNGase F (New England Biolabs) was used. Immunoprecipitation of SynCAM 1 complexes was performed from crude synaptosomes prepared from forebrains of postnatal day 15 (P15) or adult rats that were solubilized with Triton X-100 (Roche Applied Science) and subjected to immunoprecipitation with a monoclonal anti-SynCAM 1 antibody (MBL Laboratories, 3E1; 1:200). Analysis was performed by immunoblotting.
For homophilic cell adhesion analysis, HEK 293 cells individually expressing intracellularly CFP-tagged SynCAMs were cultured and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. For analysis of heterophilic adhesion, cells expressing either intracellularly flag-tagged SynCAM 1 or CFP-epitope tagged SynCAMs were mixed at a 1:1 ratio, plated together, and analyzed after immunostaining with anti-flag antibodies by fluorescence microscopy.
Fluorescence images for adhesion analysis in heterologously expressing cells were acquired after immunostaining with anti-flag antibodies on a Nikon Eclipse TE-U 2000 with an attached Hamamatsu Orca ER camera.
For localization of SynCAM 1 and 2 in neurons, dissociated cultures of hippocampal neurons were prepared at P0 or Pl as described previously (Biederer and Scheiffele, 2007) and transfected at 7 d in vitro (d.i.v.) with pCAGGS vectors encoding extracellularly flag-epitope-tagged SynCAM proteins using Lipofectamine LTX (Invitrogen). Mature neuronal cultures were analyzed at 21 d.i.v. after immunostaining with antibodies directed against the synaptic marker synapsin (1:500) and the flag epitope (1:500) to visualize tagged SynCAM proteins, or against SV2 (1:500) and pleioSynCAM antibodies (T2412, 1:500) to visualize endogenous SynCAM proteins. Excitatory synaptic specializations were visualized with anti-vGlut1/2 antibodies (each 1:2000; applied in combination) and anti-PSD-95 antibodies (1:500). Inhibitory synaptic specializations were detected with anti-GAD65 antibodies (1:300) and anti-gephyrin antibodies (1:500). Images were acquired on a Zeiss (Oberkochen, Germany) LSM 510 META laser scanning confocal microscope, with channels scanned separately to avoid signal contagion and a pinhole set to 1 μm for each channel. Images were quantitatively analyzed using Matlab (MathWorks, Natick, MA). Briefly, the script is based on the functions [graythresh], [bwareaopen], and [label2rgb] present in the Matlab Image Toolbox. The script is available on request.
Mixed coculture experiments of dissociated hippocampal neurons with HEK 293 cells expressing SynCAM proteins were performed with modifications as described previously (Biederer and Scheiffele, 2007). Briefly, HEK 293 cells expressing soluble CFP or intracellularly CFP-tagged SynCAM 1 or 2 were seeded atop neurons at 9 d.i.v. The activity analysis of extracellularly flag-tagged SynCAMs used their cotransfection with soluble CFP into HEK 293 cells to define transfected cells. Immunostaining of mixed cocultures for the presynaptic marker synapsin was performed at 11 d.i.v., and images were acquired by confocal microscopy as described above. We used Matlab (MathWorks) to quantify the surface area fraction of HEK 293 cells that is immunopositive for synapsin. Briefly, the script uses the function [graythresh] to threshold the first channel with the fluorescence signal from a given HEK 293 cell. This defines the perimeter of the cell as mask for the second channel with the fluorescence signal of the analyzed synaptic marker. Every image was acquired with identical settings on the microscope and analyzed with the same thresholds. The output was then calculated by dividing the surface area of channel two by the surface area of the masked and thresholded channel one. The script is available on request. Images were collected blind to the synaptic marker channel.
To modify this mixed coculture assay for recruitment studies, neurons were transfected at 7 d.i.v. with a pCAGGS expression vector encoding extracellularly flag-tagged SynCAM 1 or 2 using Lipofectamine LTX. HEK 293 cells expressing CFP-tagged SynCAM 2 or 1, respectively, were seeded atop these neurons at 9 d.i.v. Immunostaining for the flag epitope and synapsin was performed at 11 d.i.v., and images were acquired by confocal microscopy as described above.
To examine effects of postsynaptic SynCAM overexpression on presynaptic vesicle recycling, dissociated hippocampal neurons were prepared (Biederer and Scheiffele, 2007) and cotransfected at 7 d.i.v. with pCAGGS vectors encoding SynCAM proteins and soluble green fluorescent protein (GFP), or transfected with GFP alone as negative control. At 11 d.i.v., presynaptic terminals were labeled under depolarizing conditions by uptake of antibodies against the luminal domain of synaptotagmin 1 (Synaptic Systems; Cl 604.1) as described previously (Biederer and Scheiffele, 2007). After staining with appropriate secondary antibodies against synaptotagmin 1, GFP-positive neurons displaying pyramidal morphology were selected for analysis. Images of proximal dendrites were obtained using a Nikon Eclipse TE-U 2000 fluorescence microscope with an attached Hamamatsu Orca ER camera. Area and density per proximal dendrite length of synaptotagmin 1-positive puncta were determined using IPLab software (BD Biosciences Bioimaging). Analyses were performed blinded to experimental condition.
Electrophysiological analysis was performed in primary hippocampal cultures prepared from embryonic day 18 (E18) to E19 Sprague Dawley rats. Neurons were grown in Neurobasal B27 medium for 7–9 d.i.v. and transduced using the Semliki forest virus system to coexpress full-length, wild-type SynCAM proteins and soluble GFP. Twelve to 24 h posttransduction, patch-clamp recordings of mEPSC were performed from transduced neurons identified by their GFP expression in the presence of 200 nm tetrodotoxin and 100 μm picrotoxin. Protocol details are available on request. Analyses were performed blinded to experimental condition.
Protein concentrations were determined using the Pierce BCA assay. SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting were performed using standard procedures. All animal procedures undertaken in this study were approved by the Yale University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee and were in compliance with National Institutes of Health guidelines (for T.B.) and governmental regulations by the Regierung von Oberbayern (for V.S.).
To characterize the four SynCAM proteins, we raised specific antibodies against each of them (Fig. 1a). Immunoblot analysis revealed that SynCAM tissue expression is highly restricted (Fig. 1b). SynCAM 1 is most prominently expressed in brain and also found in lung and testis. SynCAM 2, 3, and 4 are expressed exclusively in brain among the tissues analyzed. The expression pattern of SynCAM 1 is in agreement with its known roles as synaptic adhesion molecule within the CNS (Biederer et al., 2002; Sara et al., 2005) and outside the CNS as tumor suppressor of non-small-cell lung cancer (Murakami, 2005) and as mediator of spermatid maturation (Fujita et al., 2006). The predominant expression of SynCAM proteins in brain, but not other tissues, is unusual among Ig superfamily members and indicates brain-specific functions.
SynCAM proteins are prominently expressed in brain. a, Specificity of antibodies raised for this study. HEK 293 cells were transfected with expression constructs encoding full-length mouse SynCAM 1–4. Total cell lysates were prepared, and equal lysate fractions were analyzed by immunoblotting (lanes 1–4). Twenty micrograms of adult rat forebrain proteins were analyzed as positive control (lane 5). Top to bottom, Immunoblots probed with antibodies raised against the purified, natively N-deglycosylated full-length SynCAM 1 extracellular domain (YUC8, raised in chicken), against an extracellular SynCAM 2 peptide (YU524, raised in rabbit), against an extracellular SynCAM 3 peptide (YU525, raised in rabbit), and against an intracellular SynCAM 4 peptide (YU591, raised in rabbit). The numbers on the left indicate positions of molecular weight markers, and arrowheads show the running positions of the indicated SynCAM proteins. b, Tissue profile of SynCAM expression. The indicated tissues were prepared from adult rats, and equal protein amounts were analyzed by immunoblotting for the proteins shown. Synaptotagmin 1 (Syt 1) served as brain-specific control, and the widely expressed VCP and actin were additional loading controls.
In which brain regions are SynCAMs expressed, and do they function in neurons? The antibodies we raised were not applicable for comparative immunohistochemical detection of the four SynCAM proteins. We therefore performed in situ hybridization studies to localize SynCAM transcripts at P15 and address these questions within the peak period of synaptogenesis (Harris et al., 1992; Fiala et al., 1998). Each SynCAM is broadly expressed in forebrain, with some expression found in all brain areas examined, indicating ubiquitous functions in brain (Fig. 2a). Analysis of hippocampal sections by immunostaining for the neuronal nuclear marker NeuN combined with fluorescent in situ hybridization for SynCAMs demonstrated that all four family members are expressed predominantly in neurons at P15 (Fig. 2b). The vast majority of cells were positive both for NeuN and SynCAM transcripts, consistent with most SynCAM-expressing cells being neurons at this developmental time point. Few SynCAM-positive cells lacked NeuN staining and could be non-neuronal. We noted that neuronal expression of SynCAMs in hippocampus is not uniform. SynCAMs were differentially transcribed by the pyramidal cells of the CA fields and the granule cells of the dentate gyrus as visualized by pseudocolor rendering of the in situ hybridization signals (Fig. 2b, bottom row). Quantification of the in situ hybridization signals indicated that SynCAM 1 was evenly expressed across these hippocampal regions, whereas SynCAM 2 appeared most strongly expressed in the CA1 field (Fig. 2c). SynCAM 3 and 4 appeared enriched in both CA fields relative to the dentate gyrus. SynCAMs are therefore likely expressed in distinct ratios between different neuronal populations, contributing to the diverse surface expression patterns of neurons.
SynCAM proteins are predominantly expressed in neurons and display differential expression patterns in the hippocampus. a, SynCAM family members are broadly expressed in forebrain regions. Coronal sections of mouse brain at P15 were analyzed by in situ hybridization. No region was seen that lacked SynCAM staining. Scale bar, 1 mm. b, SynCAMs are expressed by neurons in the hippocampus at P15 in overlapping but distinct patterns. Immunostaining for the neuronal nuclear marker NeuN (top row) was performed in parallel with in situ hybridization for SynCAMs (third row). The merged images show that most SynCAM-expressing cells are positive for NeuN (second row; NeuN staining, red; SynCAM hybridization signal, green). Pyramidal cells of the CA fields and granule cells of the dentate gyrus differed in SynCAM expression as visualized by pseudocolor rendering of the in situ hybridization signals (bottom row). The color code shown represents signal intensities (blue, lowest signal; red, highest). SynCAM 1 displayed uniform expression across the three examined regions, whereas SynCAM 2 is more prominent in the CA1 field. SynCAM 3 and 4 appear enriched in CA1 and CA3 fields relative to dentate gyrus. Results are quantitated in c. Images correspond to typical results from four hippocampi of two mice. c, Quantification of regional SynCAM expression differences in P15 hippocampus. The pyramidal cell layers of the CA fields and granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus were outlined, and the fluorescent in situ hybridization signal in each hippocampal region was normalized to the total signal and to the area of the individual region. Bar graphs show average SynCAM transcript hybridization signals ±SEM for four hippocampi from two animals analyzed by in situ hybridization. A.U., Arbitrary units.
The open reading frames of the four mouse SynCAM genes encode proteins of 40.2–45.1 kDa (Biederer, 2006). However, SynCAM proteins have higher apparent molecular weights in the adult rodent forebrain (SynCAM 1, 100 kDa; SynCAM 2, 62–76 kDa; SynCAM 3, 49 kDa; SynCAM 4, 67 kDa) (Fig. 1a, lane 5). All SynCAMs contain multiple predicted N-glycosylation sites in their extracellular Ig-like domains (Biederer, 2006) that create these distinct molecular weight differences within and between SynCAM family members as shown by enzymatic deglycosylation of brain samples (Fig. 3a). Here, SynCAM 1 and 2 exist as heavily glycosylated and diverse protein species distinguished by the high amount of N-linked carbohydrates and sialic acids they carry. In contrast, SynCAM 3 and 4 carry less N-linked carbohydrates, are molecularly less diverse, and display no detectable sialic acids. After complete N-deglycosylation with PNGase F, a fraction of SynCAM 1 and all other SynCAMs are detected at the approximate molecular weights predicted by their open reading frames. O-glycosylation is not removed by these enzymatic treatments and likely accounts for the remaining SynCAM 1 population that persists at an apparent molecular weight at ∼75 kDa after N-deglycosylation. Alternative splicing allows for the expression of corresponding SynCAM 1 isoforms, which can contain either none or up to 21 predicted O-glycosylation sites (Biederer, 2006).
SynCAM proteins are distinctly glycosylated and prominently expressed in brain during early postnatal development. a, SynCAM proteins are differentially glycosylated. A membrane fraction was prepared from adult rat forebrain, and equal protein amounts were subjected to enzymatic deglycosylation at 37°C with sialidase to remove sialic acids or PNGase F to remove N-linked carbohydrates. Control samples were incubated in parallel as indicated. In each lane, 30 μg of total brain protein was loaded. Immunoblots were probed with antibodies against SynCAM 1–4 or the N-glycosylated control protein N-cadherin as indicated. The numbers on the left indicate positions of molecular weight markers. b, Developmental expression profile of SynCAM proteins in brain. Total rat brain proteins were prepared at the indicated embryonic (E) and postnatal (P) days. Thirty micrograms of protein were analyzed per lane by immunoblotting for expression of SynCAM 1–4. VCP served as loading control. The numbers on the left indicate positions of molecular weight markers. Arrowheads show the running positions of the indicated SynCAM proteins in their predominantly adult (black) and postnatal (white) glycosylation forms.
SynCAM proteins expressed in HEK 293 cells are glycosylated similar as in adult brain (Fig. 1a). We therefore determined the carbohydrate content of their heterologously expressed extracellular domains by light scattering analysis. Consistent with our enzymatic deglycosylation results of brain SynCAMs and their apparent molecular weights, SynCAM 1 and 2 are extensively glycosylated, carrying 0.53 g of sugar/gram of protein and 0.15 g of sugar/gram of protein, respectively, whereas SynCAM 3 contains only 0.04 g of sugar/gram of protein. This establishes the four SynCAM proteins as complex glycoproteins primarily expressed in brain.
To guide our understanding of SynCAM function in brain development, we determined their protein expression profile in the rat brain (Fig. 3b). SynCAM 1 and 4 are already expressed in late embryonic stages, whereas SynCAM 2 and 3 are first expressed postnatally around P3. All SynCAMs are prominently expressed by the second week after birth. Their postnatal expression profile parallels the period of intense synapse formation that occurs between days 6 and 15 (Harris et al., 1992; Fiala et al., 1998). The four SynCAM proteins continue to be expressed into adulthood, albeit at lower levels (Fig. 3b) (data not shown). At P15, additional N-glycosylated SynCAM 1 species of apparent 70–90 kDa molecular weight are prominent and appear together with its 100 kDa species present throughout development and into adulthood. SynCAM 3 also undergoes a developmentally regulated molecular weight shift at P15, dropping in its apparent molecular weight from 58 to 49 kDa. These results demonstrate that SynCAM proteins are coexpressed in the developing brain and therefore have the potential to share functions with SynCAM 1 during synaptogenesis and can be modified with carbohydrates in a developmentally regulated manner.
SynCAM proteins are present at presynaptic and postsynaptic excitatory sites as detected by a pleioSynCAM antibody raised against SynCAM 1 that also recognizes conserved sequences in SynCAMs 2 and 3 (Biederer et al., 2002) (supplemental Fig. 1, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). To investigate the distribution of individual SynCAM proteins in neurons during the peak period of synaptogenesis, we performed subcellular fractionations of rat forebrain at P9 (Fig. 4a). Each SynCAM protein was strongly enriched in synaptic plasma membranes (Fig. 4a, lane 7). The adhesion molecule N-cadherin, which is localized to developing and mature synaptic sites (Uchida et al., 1996; Elste and Benson, 2006), served as a fractionation control. The fact that SynCAM proteins appeared enriched more strongly in purified synaptic plasma membranes than N-cadherin indicates that they are prominently present in this fraction. Synaptophysin and Rab GDI were markers for synaptic vesicles and soluble proteins, respectively. The presence of SynCAM proteins in the crude synaptic vesicle preparation was mostly caused by nonsynaptic vesicular membranes in this fraction (supplemental Fig. 2, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). These results indicate that all four SynCAM family members are strongly enriched in synaptic membranes during the period of synapse formation.
SynCAMs are synaptic plasma membrane proteins present at excitatory but also found at inhibitory synaptic specializations. a, Synaptic plasma membrane fractionation of SynCAM proteins. The indicated subcellular fractions were prepared from rat forebrain at P9. Thirty micrograms of each fraction were analyzed by immunoblotting for the four SynCAM proteins as indicated. The synaptic membrane protein N-cadherin, the synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin, and the soluble protein GDI were markers for these respective fractions. The numbers on the left indicate positions of molecular weight markers. Arrowheads show the running positions of the indicated SynCAM proteins in their predominantly adult (black) and postnatal (white) glycosylation forms. b, Exogenously expressed SynCAM 1 is sorted to both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic specializations in dissociated hippocampal neurons. Epitope-tagged SynCAM 1-flag was transfected into dissociated hippocampal neurons at 7 d.i.v. After transfection, mature cultures were analyzed at 21 d.i.v. by confocal microscopy after triple immunostaining for flag, the inhibitory presynaptic vesicle marker GAD65, and the postsynaptic excitatory marker PSD-95. Individual immunostainings are shown in the gray scale panels as indicated. The two panels at the bottom depict the indicated double merged images (SynCAM 1-flag, red; PSD-95, green; GAD65, blue). Insets in the top right of each panel represent 10-fold enlarged areas of the image shown. Confocal images were analyzed using Matlab for the number of single puncta and the occurrence of their double colocalization (SynCAM 1-flag, 2461 puncta analyzed; 3 images). Double colocalization identifies 53 ± 23% of SynCAM 1-flag puncta as immunopositive for PSD-95, and 24 ± 12% of SynCAM 1-flag puncta as immunopositive for GAD65. Errors are stated as SDs. The remaining SynCAM 1-flag puncta are removed from the synaptic markers analyzed here and nonsynaptic. We observed an occasional colocalization of GAD65 and PSD-95 in our hippocampal cultures, quantitated as an ∼10% mismatch of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic specializations similarly as described previously (Anderson et al., 2004). Scale bar, 10 μm. c, SynCAM 2 colocalizes with excitatory and inhibitory synapse markers in cultured hippocampal neurons. Epitope-tagged SynCAM 2-flag was expressed and analyzed as described in a (SynCAM 2-flag, 1951 puncta analyzed; 4 images). Double colocalization identifies 62 ± 28% of SynCAM 2-flag puncta as immunopositive for PSD-95, and 31 ± 12% of SynCAM 2-flag puncta as immunopositive for GAD65. Scale bar, 10 μm. The immunostainings shown in b and c are representative of the quantification results.
We complemented this biochemical analysis by studying SynCAM localization in cultured neurons. In the absence of antibodies applicable for immunostaining, we expressed epitope-tagged constructs in dissociated hippocampal neurons at 7 d.i.v., when neurons in culture can rapidly form synapses (Fletcher et al., 1994). In these constructs, one extracellular flag epitope was inserted C-terminal of the third Ig-like domain to minimally interfere with putative intracellular sorting signals. In transfected neurons, SynCAM 1-flag exhibited a mostly punctate staining pattern with some of the signal being diffuse (Fig. 4b), similar to other synaptic membrane proteins such as syntaxin (Garcia et al., 1995). To gain better insight into the distribution of SynCAM proteins in neurons, we performed triple immunostainings of SynCAM 1-flag with the inhibitory presynaptic marker GAD65 and the excitatory presynaptic marker PSD-95 (Fig. 4b). Quantification showed that SynCAM 1-flag was sorted to both types of synaptic specializations but was preferentially detected at PSD-95-labeled excitatory sites, with which ∼53% of SynCAM 1-flag puncta colocalized, compared with 24% of its puncta being immunopositive for GAD65. Similarly, SynCAM 2-flag exhibited a punctate pattern in hippocampal neurons and was detected at both excitatory and inhibitory sites, with ∼62% of SynCAM 2-flag in colocalization with PSD-95 and 31% with GAD65 (Fig. 4c). This analysis is consistent with our observation that both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic specializations are immunopositive for endogenous SynCAMs 1, 2, and 3, which were detected by our pleioSynCAM antibody (supplemental Fig. 3, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material).
To confirm that exogenously expressed SynCAM proteins indeed are sorted to synaptic sites as defined by aligned presynaptic and postsynaptic specializations, we performed triple colocalization of SynCAM 1-flag or SynCAM 2-flag with the presynaptic marker SV2 and the postsynaptic marker PSD-95 (supplemental Fig. 4, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). Approximately 45% of detected SynCAM 1-flag and 67% of SynCAM 2-flag puncta colocalized with both markers, confirming their presence at aligned synapses (supplemental Fig. 4, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). These results are consistent with the primarily synaptic localization of endogenous SynCAMs 1, 2, and 3 (supplemental Fig. 5, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). Together, our results demonstrate that SynCAM proteins are synapse components present at excitatory as well as inhibitory synaptic specializations.
The fact that SynCAMs are expressed in different regional patterns (Fig. 2b,c) suggested that they may confer distinct adhesive properties to neuronal populations differentially expressing SynCAM proteins. To identify these properties, we first addressed whether all SynCAM proteins mediate homophilic cell adhesion similar to SynCAM 1. Using fluorophore-labeled beads coated with each SynCAM extracellular domain, we determined whether these domains conferred bead clustering, indicative of binding to themselves (Fig. 5a). The extracellular domains of SynCAM 1, 2, and 3 caused extensive clustering of beads, consistent with previous reports for SynCAM 1 and 3 (Biederer et al., 2002; Kakunaga et al., 2005). This demonstrates that each of these three proteins, including the previously uncharacterized SynCAM 2, can engage in a homophilic interaction. In contrast, beads coated with the SynCAM 4 extracellular domain did not adhere to each other, excluding strong interactions of this protein with itself under this condition. The same SynCAM 4 extracellular domain protein conferred heterophilic binding (see below) (Fig. 6a), showing that it is properly folded and capable of engaging in its correct adhesive interactions.
Homophilic cell adhesive interactions are mediated by SynCAMs 1, 2, and 3. a, The extracellular domains of SynCAM 1, 2, and 3 interact homophilically. Fluorescent beads coated with the purified, heterologously expressed extracellular domains of individual SynCAM proteins as indicated on the left of the panels (red) were mixed in the presence of negative control beads coated with IgG protein (green). Bound amounts of SynCAM proteins and control IgG were comparable (data not shown). Clustering of beads shown in red displaying SynCAM 1, 2, or 3 extracellular domains demonstrates their homophilic interaction, which was not observed for SynCAM 4. Negative control beads (green) were monodisperse and not found in SynCAM bead clusters. b, Homophilic SynCAM 1, 2, and 3 interactions occur in trans to mediate cell adhesion. HEK 293 cells were transfected with one of the full-length SynCAM 1, 2, 3, or 4 proteins. Proteins were tagged intracellularly with CFP, which did not interfere with plasma membrane sorting as confirmed by surface biotinylation (data not shown). Cells were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy, and localization of the indicated SynCAMs is shown in gray scale. Aggregation of SynCAM 1, 2, and 3 at sites of cell–cell contact is marked by arrowheads and demonstrates homophilic cell adhesion through trans-interactions of their extracellular domains. No homophilic cell adhesion was observed for SynCAM 4 in this assay, consistent with results in a.
Specific heterophilic interactions define cognate SynCAMs to mediate cell adhesion. a, Analysis of SynCAM interactions by affinity chromatography. Membrane proteins from adult rat forebrains were solubilized to obtain a detergent extract (lanes 1, 10, 19) and loaded on beads containing covalently immobilized extracellular domains of SynCAM 1 (lanes 2–4), SynCAM 2 (lanes 6–8), SynCAM 3 (11–13), SynCAM 4 (15–17), or a control Ig protein (lanes 20–22). The flow-through (FT) of each affinity chromatography was obtained, beads were washed, subsequently eluted with buffer containing high salt at 800 mm, and finally eluted with SDS. Samples were analyzed by immunoblotting for each of the four SynCAM proteins as shown, using monoclonal chicken antibodies to detect SynCAM 1, and with an antibody detecting the NGL family of synaptic membrane proteins as negative control. To control for cross-reactivity of anti-SynCAM antibodies with SynCAM extracellular domains used as affinity matrix that were washed off the beads and were present in the eluate samples, beads containing only the purified extracellular domains were eluted with SDS, and an eluate amount equal to the respective affinity chromatography fraction was loaded (lanes 5, 9, 14, 18). Antibody cross-reactive bands are marked by asterisks. Strong heterophilic and reciprocal binding of SynCAM 1 (first row, lanes 7, 8) and SynCAM 2 (second row, lanes 3, 4) is observed, causing their significant reduction in the respective FT fractions consistent with their high yield in the eluates. SynCAM 1 homophilic retention on its extracellular domain was weak and only detected after long immunoblot exposures (data not shown). SynCAM 3 is retained strongly in both its lower and higher molecular weight forms on SynCAM 4 (third row of panels, lanes 16, 17), and a weaker interaction of SynCAM 3 with SynCAM 1 is also observed (third row, lanes 3, 4). The observed interactions were primarily salt resistant. For a discussion of lack of reciprocal SynCAM 4/3 binding, see the Results. Numbers on the left indicate positions of molecular weight markers. Arrowheads show the running positions of the indicated SynCAM proteins in their predominantly adult (black) and postnatal (white) glycosylation forms. Input and FT lanes contain 10% of the extract used for each affinity chromatography. b–d, SynCAM proteins 1/2 and 3/4 interact in trans to confer heterophilic cell adhesion. HEK 293 cells were individually transfected with constructs encoding the indicated epitope-tagged SynCAM proteins, and cells were mixed in a 1:1 ratio. Localization of individual SynCAMs at sites of cell–cell contact was analyzed by fluorescence microscopy and is shown in gray scale as indicated. Bottom, Merged images (flag-tagged constructs, red; CFP-tagged constructs, green). To assess interactions of SynCAM 1, HEK 293 cells were transfected with SynCAM 1-flag and mixed with HEK 293 cells expressing either SynCAM 2-CFP (b) or SynCAM 3-CFP (c). b, SynCAM 1/2 heterophilic cell–cell interactions were readily detected, consistent with their strong biochemical interaction observed in a. c, No strong cell adhesive interactions were demonstrated in this assay for SynCAM 1 and 3. d, To assess interactions of SynCAM 4, HEK 293 cells transfected with SynCAM 4-CFP were mixed with HEK 293 cells expressing SynCAM 3-flag, and SynCAM 3/4 heterophilic cell–cell interactions were detected. Arrowheads mark SynCAM protein aggregation at sites of cell–cell contact. All constructs were epitope tagged within their intracellular sequences, which did not interfere with plasma membrane sorting as described in Figure 5b. The SynCAM 1-flag/1-CFP homophilic interaction served as positive control (data not shown). e, Model of heterophilic interactions between SynCAM family members. SynCAM 1 and 2 as well as 3 and 4 form two strong cognate cell adhesion pairs. In addition, SynCAM 1 and 3 can bind more weakly. The additional homophilic interactions of SynCAM 1, 2, and 3 are not shown. Ig-like domains are represented as barrels, N-linked carbohydrates as hexagons, and O-linked carbohydrates as rhombi. Predicted glycosylation sites in SynCAM proteins are drawn to scale (Biederer, 2006).
To confirm that SynCAM extracellular domains engage themselves in cell adhesive trans-interactions, we individually expressed full-length SynCAMs in HEK 293 cells. The expressed proteins were tagged with CFP within their cytosolic sequence for protein detection. Cells were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy for homophilic trans-interactions of SynCAM proteins at sites of cell–cell contact (Fig. 5b). In agreement with the bead clustering assay, we observed cell adhesive interactions of SynCAMs 1, 2, and 3. Their homophilic interaction recruited almost all detectable SynCAM proteins from the surrounding plasma membrane to sites of cell–cell contact, where they formed extended zipper-like structures. Homophilic cell adhesion was not detected for SynCAM 4, consistent with the bead clustering assay results. These results demonstrate that SynCAM 1, 2, and 3, but not 4, are strong homophilic cell adhesion molecules and identify that SynCAMs can exhibit distinct extracellular interactions. They therefore have the potential to mediate unique functions in neuronal adhesion.
Our observations that SynCAM proteins can exert distinct extracellular interactions and are differentially expressed prompted us to examine their adhesive properties in biochemical detail. Based on our analysis of sequence conservation in the SynCAM Ig-like domains (Biederer, 2006), we hypothesized that different SynCAMs might bind each other. To address this question, we first performed affinity chromatography experiments and loaded detergent extracts from membrane preparations of rat forebrain on beads containing equal amounts of immobilized extracellular domains of each individual SynCAM family member expressed as IgG-fusion proteins (Fig. 6a). SynCAM 1 showed weak, salt-sensitive homophilic binding (data not shown) (asterisks in Fig. 6a indicate cross-reactive bands). In contrast, SynCAM 1 was retained strongly in a primarily salt-resistant manner on the SynCAM 2 extracellular domain (Fig. 6a, first row, lanes 7, 8). No binding of SynCAM 1 to other family members was detected. Reciprocally, SynCAM 2 bound strongly to the SynCAM 1 extracellular domain (Fig. 6a, second row, lanes 3, 4) but not to any other SynCAM protein. SynCAM 3 engaged in a strong interaction with SynCAM 4 (Fig. 6a, third row, lanes 16, 17) in agreement with a recent study (Maurel et al., 2007; Spiegel et al., 2007). The complementary binding of brain SynCAM 4 to immobilized SynCAM 3 was not observed in this assay, possibly because of an excess of SynCAM 3 over SynCAM 4 in the brain homogenate used as starting material for binding (data not shown), which could lead to sequestration of free SynCAM 4 in the detergent extract. SynCAM 3 additionally showed weak binding to SynCAM 1 (Fig. 6a, third row, lanes 3, 4). The observed heterophilic SynCAM 1/2 and 3/4 interactions were primarily resistant to a high 800 mm salt washing step, indicative of their high strength and specificity. We could not detect the homophilic interactions of SynCAM 2 or 3 in this assay, possibly because affinity chromatography is a rather stringent assay of adhesive properties (Boucard et al., 2005), or because of the need for a specific interaction geometry that may be impaired in this experimental approach. Importantly, our results underline that the prominent binding of SynCAM 2 to SynCAM 1 detected by affinity chromatography appears stronger than the homophilic interaction of either of them alone. Similarly, retention of SynCAM 3 on SynCAM 4 is readily detected in contrast to SynCAM 3 homophilic binding, indicating that SynCAM 3 also prefers heterophilic interactions.
Next, we analyzed SynCAM 1 functions as a heterophilic cell adhesion molecule using full-length constructs tagged with different intracellular epitopes (Fig. 6b–d). HEK 293 cells expressing flag-tagged SynCAM proteins were mixed with cells expressing different CFP-tagged SynCAM family members. Contact sites between cells expressing different SynCAM proteins were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. SynCAM 1 engaged SynCAM 2 in a heterophilic cell adhesive interaction (Fig. 6b), consistent with our affinity chromatographic analysis. The intercellular interaction of SynCAM 1 and 2 caused zipper-like structures to form at cell contact sites, in agreement with strong heterophilic adhesion of these two proteins. The weak binding of SynCAM 3 to SynCAM 1 detected biochemically (Fig. 6a) did not mediate cell adhesion under these conditions (Fig. 6c). Additionally, the heterophilic adhesion of SynCAM 3 and 4 was observed as zipper- or grid-like structures (Fig. 6d). As expected, no adhesive interaction of SynCAM 1 with 4 was detected (data not shown). SynCAM 1/2 and SynCAM 3/4 therefore constitute specific, cognate pairs of heterophilic neuronal adhesion molecules. Together, our analysis defines that SynCAM proteins engage each other in highly specific interactions that distinguish them individually, reminiscent of an adhesive code (Fig. 6e).
To better characterize SynCAM adhesion complexes, we aimed to identify the domains that mediate the heterophilic interactions of SynCAM 1 (Fig. 7a). We immobilized IgG-fusion proteins corresponding to the three individual or combined Ig-like domains of SynCAM 1 and incubated them with detergent extracts from membrane preparations of rat forebrain. The extracellular partner SynCAM 2 was retained by the combined first and second Ig-like domains of SynCAM 1 as efficiently as by the full SynCAM 1 extracellular domain (Fig. 7a, lanes 8 vs 4). The combined second and third Ig-like domains of SynCAM 1, however, did not bind SynCAM 2 (lane 13). Individually, only the first Ig-like domain of SynCAM 1 exerted weak interactions with SynCAM 2 (lane 17), whereas the second and third Ig-like domains alone showed no retention, identical to negative control beads (data not shown). These results indicate that the first two Ig-like domains of SynCAMs together mediate efficient trans-interactions as depicted in Figure 6e. Notably, one individual Ig domain is ∼4.0 nm long (Davies et al., 1975). Assuming that two SynCAM extracellular domains engage each other in an extended conformation, the overall length of their complex would be approximately equivalent to four Ig-like domains in tandem flanked by the sequences at the stalk of their extracellular domains. For human SynCAM 1 and 2, these flanking sequences are 31–70 and 18–58 aa long, respectively, depending on alternative splicing of this region (Biederer, 2006). Assuming an α-helical conformation of these stalks, the extracellular portion of a fully extended SynCAM 1/2 complex can be predicted to have a length of 23–35 nm.
Heterophilic SynCAM binding is mediated by the first two Ig-like domains and is controlled by N-glycosylation. a, Mapping of SynCAM Ig-like domain interactions by affinity chromatography. Membrane proteins from adult rat forebrains were solubilized (lanes 1, 10) and loaded on beads containing equal amounts of covalently immobilized fusion proteins corresponding to the indicated SynCAM 1 Ig-like domains. The flow-through (FT) of each affinity chromatography was obtained, beads were washed, subsequently eluted with buffer containing high salt at 800 mm, and finally eluted with SDS. Eluates from beads containing only the immobilized fusion proteins served as negative controls for antibody cross-reactivity. Samples were analyzed by immunoblotting for SynCAM 2, which bound as strongly to the first three and first two Ig-like domains of SynCAM 1 (lanes 8 vs 4), but only weakly to its first Ig-like domain (lane 17), and not to either of the other Ig-like domains in combination (lane 13) or alone (data not shown). No binding of SynCAM 2 to beads containing control IgG was observed (data not shown). The numbers on the left indicate positions of molecular weight markers. Input and FT lanes contain 10% of the extract amount used for each affinity chromatography. b, Interactions of SynCAM 1 with SynCAM 2 are controlled by N-glycosylation of SynCAM 1 Ig-like domains. Membrane proteins from adult rat forebrains were solubilized and loaded on beads containing the full-length SynCAM 1 extracellular domain treated under native conditions either without or with PNGase F to remove N-linked carbohydrates. Binding was analyzed by quantitated immunoblotting. Control SynCAM 1 efficiently retained SynCAM 2, but natively N-deglycosylated SynCAM 1 exerted fourfold reduced binding. Consistent with a weaker interaction of SynCAM 3, it was retained approximately fourfold less on the control SynCAM 1 extracellular domain, and this retention was also reduced by deglycosylation of SynCAM 1. Error bars represent SDs (n = 3).
The first two Ig-like domains of SynCAM 1 contain four predicted N-glycosylation sites (Biederer, 2006). Considering that SynCAM 1 undergoes developmentally regulated N-glycosylation, we asked whether this modification of its Ig-like domains may affect its extracellular interactions. We performed affinity chromatographies of solubilized rat membrane proteins on the natively N-deglycosylated SynCAM 1 extracellular domain or on the control-treated extracellular domain (Fig. 7b). Enzymatic removal of N-linked carbohydrates on SynCAM 1 reduced its strong retention of SynCAM 2 and its weaker binding to SynCAM 3 each approximately threefold to fourfold. The extensive modification of SynCAM 1 with N-linked carbohydrates therefore promotes its extracellular interactions, possibly by providing for a structural organization of the extracellular domains that fits the conformation they adopt during adhesion. Developmental changes in SynCAM 1 glycosylation therefore may serve to regulate its adhesive interactions.
Our localization and binding studies performed in vitro indicated that these heterophilic SynCAM interactions could occur at synaptic membranes in vivo. The strong heterophilic binding observed between SynCAM 1 and 2 was of particular interest because SynCAM 2 may mediate synaptic effects of SynCAM 1 (Biederer et al., 2002; Sara et al., 2005). To test whether these two adhesion molecules interact at synapses, we performed coimmunoprecipitation experiments (Fig. 8). Synaptosomes were prepared from rat brains at P15, when all SynCAM proteins are prominently expressed. Synaptosomal membrane proteins were solubilized and subjected to immunoprecipitation with a specific monoclonal antibody against the SynCAM 1 extracellular sequence. Immunoprecipitates were enriched for SynCAM 1 (Fig. 8, top, lane 3), whereas control antibodies did not precipitate SynCAM 1 or any other protein analyzed (lane 5). Importantly, SynCAM 1 antibodies coimmunoprecipitated SynCAM 2 from synaptosomal membranes (Fig. 8, second panel, lane 3) but none of the other SynCAMs or control proteins. To define whether these interactions are altered during brain development, we performed these coimmunoprecipitation experiments further in adult rat brain and determined that SynCAM 1 and 2 formed a physical complex in adult brain to an apparently identical extent as at P15 (data not shown). Notably, also in adult brain, no interactions of SynCAM 1 and 3 were observed. This coimmunoprecipitation of SynCAM 2 with SynCAM 1 is consistent with our affinity chromatography results and extends our analysis of SynCAM complex formation to native conditions in brain. The heterophilic interaction of SynCAM 1 and 2 is therefore specific and occurs throughout development in synaptosomal membranes in vivo.
SynCAM 1 and 2 form a specific adhesive complex in synaptic membranes in vivo. Synaptosomes were prepared from rat forebrain at P15 during the peak of SynCAM expression and synaptogenesis. Synaptosomal membrane proteins were extracted with detergent (lane 1) and immunoprecipitated with specific antibodies against the extracellular domain of SynCAM 1 (lanes 2, 3) or control antibodies (lanes 4, 5). The flow-through (FT) of each immunoprecipitation was obtained, and immunoprecipitates (IP) were collected on beads, washed, and eluted with SDS. The same amount of antibody used for the immunoprecipitation was loaded to identify cross-reactive bands recognized by secondary antibodies (lane 6), which are marked by asterisks. Fractions were probed for each of the four SynCAM proteins as indicated, and with an antibody detecting the L1 Ig superfamily member and the synaptic vesicle protein synaptophysin as negative control membrane proteins. SynCAM 1 coimmunoprecipitated SynCAM 2 from synaptosomes but no other SynCAM family member (lane 3). Numbers on the left indicate positions of molecular weight markers. Input and FT lanes contain 4% of the extract amount used for each immunoprecipitation.
Do SynCAM 1 and SynCAM 2 have comparable functions at synapses? To begin to address this question, we performed mixed cocultures of hippocampal neurons with HEK 293 cells expressing either of these two proteins on their surface. To visualize transfected HEK 293 cells, we used the CFP-tagged SynCAM 1 and 2 constructs that had been used for the cell adhesion assays shown in Figure 5b. The activity of SynCAMs to organize presynaptic specializations was quantitatively assessed by determining the surface area of HEK 293 cells that was immunopositive for recruited presynaptic vesicle protein synapsin in coculture with neurons (Fig. 9a). SynCAM 1 expression in cocultured HEK 293 cells caused a significant increase of synapsin-positive puncta atop the cell surface compared with negative control HEK 293 cells expressing soluble CFP alone (Fig. 9b) as described previously (Biederer et al., 2002). Importantly, expression of SynCAM 2 similarly resulted in the significant detection of synapsin-positive puncta atop HEK 293 cells. These results indicate that both SynCAM 1 and 2 organize presynaptic specializations in this mixed coculture assay. We also analyzed the extracellularly flag-tagged SynCAM 1 and 2 proteins in this assay and observed that their activity was indistinguishable from the described SynCAM constructs with native extracellular sequences (data not shown). This demonstrates that they are functional and suitable for the localization studies shown in Figure 4, b and c, and below.
SynCAM 1 and 2 recruit presynaptic marker proteins and engage each other in adhesive neuronal complexes. a, SynCAM 1 and 2 recruit synapsin in a mixed coculture assay. HEK 293 cells expressing CFP-tagged SynCAM 1 or CFP-tagged SynCAM 2 were seeded atop dissociated hippocampal cultures at 9 d.i.v. HEK 293 cells expressing soluble CFP alone served as negative control. Cocultures were analyzed at 11 d.i.v. by confocal microscopy for localization of the presynaptic vesicle marker synapsin (red) and CFP (green). Merged stacks of serial optical sections are shown. Synapsin puncta were detected atop SynCAM 1- and SynCAM 2-expressing HEK 293 cells and are marked with white arrowheads in the images shown. b, Expression of SynCAM 1 or SynCAM 2 in HEK 293 cells cocultured with hippocampal neurons caused a significant increase of synapsin-positive puncta covering the cell surface area compared with control HEK 293 cells expressing CFP alone. The activity of both SynCAMs was similar (CFP alone, 4.9 ± 1.0% synapsin area coverage, n = 15 cells; SynCAM 1-CFP, 10.7 ± 1.9%, p = 0.011 relative to CFP, n = 15 cells; SynCAM 2-CFP, 16.5 ± 3.2%, p = 0.005 relative to CFP, n = 20 cells). Statistical analyses were performed using unpaired t tests with two-tailed p values. c, SynCAM 1 recruits and retains neuronal SynCAM 2 in adhesive neuronal complexes. Dissociated hippocampal neurons were transfected at 7 d.i.v. with flag-tagged SynCAM 2 to allow its visualization by immunostaining. HEK 293 cells expressing CFP-tagged SynCAM 1 were seeded atop these hippocampal cultures at 9 d.i.v., and cocultures were analyzed at 11 d.i.v. by confocal microscopy for localization of both SynCAM proteins and the presynaptic vesicle marker synapsin. Optical sections of each 1 μm thickness were obtained. The top panel shows, for a single optical section, the merged image (SynCAM 2-flag, red; SynCAM 1-CFP, green; synapsin, blue). The four panels at the bottom show for two serial optical sections the indicated individual immunostainings in grayscale and the triple merged image in color. White arrowheads mark synapsin puncta formed atop the SynCAM 1-expressing HEK 293 cell. d, SynCAM 2 reciprocally recruits neuronal SynCAM 1 into adhesive complexes. Analysis was performed as described in c in cocultures of hippocampal neurons expressing flag-tagged SynCAM 1 and HEK 293 cells expressing CFP-tagged SynCAM 2. The top panel shows, for a single optical section, the merged staining of the three indicated proteins (SynCAM 1-flag, red; SynCAM 2-CFP, green; synapsin, blue). The panels below show two serial optical sections obtained after immunostaining for the indicated proteins as described in c. e, Control HEK 293 cells do not retain SynCAM proteins. Analysis was performed as described in c in cocultures of hippocampal neurons expressing flag-tagged SynCAM 1 and HEK 293 cells expressing CFP alone. After surface contact of neurons expressing SynCAM 1, no synapsin retention or SynCAM complex formation was observed atop HEK 293 cells.
Do the heterophilic interactions of SynCAM 1 and 2 only occur at stable synapses or can they recruit SynCAMs to sites of contacts with differentiating neurons? We analyzed this question in a modified coculture system of dissociated hippocampal neurons expressing extracellularly flag-tagged SynCAM 2 with HEK 293 cells expressing CFP-tagged SynCAM 1 (Fig. 9c). After 2 d of coculture, neuronal SynCAM 2-flag was strongly recruited to sites of contact with SynCAM 1 expressed in HEK 293 cells (Fig. 9c). Serial reconstruction of confocal images demonstrated that the SynCAM 2-expressing neurons formed extensive membrane contacts containing concentrated amounts of neuronal SynCAM 2-flag that enveloped SynCAM 1 expressing HEK 293 cells (Fig. 9c, second and third rows). Immunostaining for the presynaptic marker synapsin atop the HEK 293 cells expressing SynCAM 1 served as positive control for its activity to organize presynaptic specializations in these coculture experiments (Fig. 9c, fourth row). The staining of HEK 293-expressed SynCAM 1 does not extensively mirror the staining of presynaptic SynCAM 2-flag in the contacting neuron, showing areas lacking overlap with neuronal SynCAM 2-flag. This can be expected because of the assay design, with multiple neurons in addition to the one transfected neuron contacting a given HEK cell that all can contribute neuronal interaction partners with HEK cell-expressed SynCAM 1. Together, these results reveal that the adhesive SynCAM code is instructive for the specific assembly of the SynCAM 1/2 complex across membranes.
To better understand the dynamics of synaptic SynCAM assembly, we next tested whether SynCAM 1 and 2 can also operate in reverse. Following the same paradigm as outlined above, we analyzed hippocampal neurons expressing SynCAM 1-flag that were cocultured with HEK 293 cells expressing CFP-tagged SynCAM 2 for SynCAM recruitment (Fig. 9d). SynCAM 2 presented from the HEK 293 cell surface was able to assemble into a complex with neuronal SynCAM 1-flag. In conjunction, HEK cell-expressed SynCAM 2 mediated synapsin recruitment from the surrounding neurons. Specificity of SynCAM 1/2 assembly was confirmed by the inability of negative control HEK 293 cells expressing CFP alone to assemble neuronal SynCAM 1 complexes after surface contact, in parallel to the lack of synapsin clusters atop these control HEK 293 cells (Fig. 9e). Together, we demonstrate that the interactions of SynCAM 1 and 2 on neuronal surfaces are reciprocal and recruit each other into adhesive complexes.
Based on our analysis of SynCAMs in cocultures, we aimed to understand whether SynCAM 1 and 2 also operate between neurons to organize synapses and control synaptic function. To address these questions, we overexpressed SynCAM 1 or 2 in dissociated hippocampal neurons. First, we determined whether SynCAM 1 and 2 alter the density of functional presynaptic terminals formed between neurons in culture (Fig. 10a,b). Hippocampal neurons were transfected at the beginning of the peak period of synaptogenesis in culture at 7 d.i.v. with vectors encoding wild-type SynCAM proteins and soluble GFP. We used a low-efficiency transfection method to increase SynCAM expression only in a small subset of neurons and, hence, to elevate SynCAM protein amounts only in one of the cells that is in contact with other neurons. Four days later, at the height of endogenous synaptogenesis, we briefly depolarized the neurons and labeled all active presynaptic specializations by uptake of antibodies directed against the luminal domain of synaptotagmin 1 into recycling synaptic vesicles (Matteoli et al., 1992; Biederer and Scheiffele, 2007). Analysis of the density of puncta positive for synaptotagmin 1 uptake was performed along the dendrites of SynCAM-overexpressing pyramidal neurons identified through their GFP signal (Fig. 10a). This allowed us to directly determine the number of active presynaptic terminals formed atop neurons with elevated SynCAM expression (Fig. 10b). Neurons expressing only GFP served as negative control. Postsynaptic SynCAM 2 overexpression resulted in a significant increase by 34 ± 9% in the density of presynaptic terminals containing recycling synaptic vesicles along neuronal dendrites. SynCAM 1 overexpression caused a trend to increased presynaptic terminal density, which was not statistically significant. Our results show that postsynaptic SynCAM 1 and 2 engage incoming axons in transsynaptic interactions, which in turn causes contacting presynaptic neurons to display more terminals.
Components of the SynCAM 1/2 complex promote synapse differentiation and synaptic transmission between hippocampal neurons. a, Analysis of postsynaptic SynCAM effects on the formation of presynaptic terminals. Dissociated hippocampal neurons were transfected at 7 d.i.v. with expression vectors for soluble GFP (green) alone or in combination with SynCAM proteins. Four days after transfection, neurons were briefly depolarized, and recycling synaptic vesicles were labeled by uptake of antibodies directed against the luminal domain of synaptotagmin 1 (red). The image shows a neuron coexpressing soluble GFP with SynCAM 1. Filled arrowheads indicate presynaptic terminals containing recycling synaptic vesicles labeled after synaptotagmin 1 uptake (red) found atop dendrites of a transfected neuron (green). Open arrowheads point to presynaptic terminals formed between neighboring untransfected neurons. The cell body of the transfected neuron is to the right and not shown. Scale bar, 5 μm. b, Postsynaptic overexpression of SynCAM 2 promotes formation of presynaptic terminals. The density of synaptotagmin 1 antibody-labeled puncta on proximal dendrites of transfected pyramidal neurons was analyzed after brief depolarization as described in a. Compared with control neurons, postsynaptic SynCAM 1 overexpression caused a 14 ± 7% increase in presynaptic terminal density that was not statistically significant (p = 0.074). SynCAM 2 overexpression resulted in a significant increase of presynaptic terminal density by 34 ± 9% compared with control neurons (p = 0.0002). For image analysis, an average dendrite length of 290 μm was selected per transfected pyramidal neuron starting from the first branch point of proximal dendrites. Results were obtained in independent experiments with neurons expressing only GFP as control (total 13 neurons; 3990 μm dendrite length), with neurons expressing both GFP and SynCAM 1 (14 neurons; 3770 μm dendrite), or with neurons expressing both GFP and SynCAM 2 (12 neurons; 3580 μm dendrite). Statistical analyses were performed using unpaired t tests with two-tailed p values. c, Postsynaptic overexpression of SynCAM 1 and 2 promotes excitatory synaptic transmission of dissociated hippocampal neurons in culture. Five superimposed representative traces show mEPSCs of untreated control neurons and neurons overexpressing SynCAM 1 or SynCAM 2. Coexpression of GFP was used to identify transduced neurons. mEPSC events are recorded at higher frequencies from SynCAM 1 and SynCAM 2 overexpressing neurons than from untransduced control neurons. Expression was performed using the Semliki forest virus system for transduction of neurons. d, SynCAM 1 and SynCAM 2 overexpression significantly increase mEPSC frequencies. Overexpression of SynCAM 1 (n = 14; f = 12.5 ± 2.5 min−1; p = 0.001) and SynCAM 2 (n = 11; f = 15.8 ± 4.2 min−1; p = 0.004) caused a significant increase in mEPSC frequencies compared with untransduced control neurons (n = 19; f = 5.5 ± 2.4 min−1). Expression of GFP alone did not cause a significant difference (data not shown). Statistical analysis was performed using a Mann–Whitney U test with one-tailed p value.
To determine whether these new presynaptic terminals organized by SynCAMs are functional, we transduced hippocampal neurons at 6–8 d.i.v. with expression vectors encoding full-length SynCAM 1 or 2 proteins and soluble GFP. Miniature EPSCs (mEPSC) were recorded from GFP-expressing neurons 12–24 h later (Fig. 10c,d). SynCAM 1 overexpression increased mEPSC frequency when compared with untransfected control neurons in the same culture (Fig. 10d) or to GFP-transfected neurons (data not shown) as reported previously (Biederer et al., 2002; Sara et al., 2005). Importantly, overexpression of SynCAM 2 in neurons similarly enhanced mEPSC frequency approximately threefold (Fig. 10d). mEPSCs amplitudes were not significantly changed (supplemental Fig. 6, available at www.jneurosci.org as supplemental material). This indicates a substantial increase in excitatory synapse number and function caused by SynCAM overexpression.
Together, our results demonstrate that SynCAM proteins bind each other in specific heterophilic patterns and identify SynCAM 1 and 2 as components of cognate transsynaptic complexes. Concurringly, the components of the SynCAM 1/2 complex each organize functional synapses and potentiate excitatory synaptic transmission.
Our results reveal SynCAMs as synaptic membrane proteins that assemble into specific adhesion complexes, with the cognate partners SynCAM 1 and 2 recruiting each other to neuronal membrane sites. Notably, both SynCAM 1 and 2 can organize synapses and promote excitatory synaptic transmission. Together, we demonstrate that molecularly defined SynCAM adhesion complexes exist, and that SynCAM proteins participate in synaptic organization and contribute to synaptic function.
The properties of SynCAMs described here are consistent with their transsynaptic localization and point to a common synaptic function. In the hippocampus, all SynCAMs are expressed mostly by neurons during the peak period of synaptogenesis around the second postnatal week. SynCAM 1 and 2 are present at synapses, and the trans-interaction of their first two Ig-like domains suggests an extended SynCAM complex that would fit the 20 nm cleft width of central synapses (Schikorski and Stevens, 1997; Ahmari and Smith, 2002). SynCAMs are ubiquitously expressed throughout the brain, indicating a wide-ranging function, but also display notable differences in their regional profiles, consistent with nonoverlapping roles in distinct neuronal populations. Additionally, they show the gradual developmental increase in brain expression typical for neuroligins and other synaptic proteins (Song et al., 1999). SynCAM proteins remain expressed throughout adulthood (A.I.F., M.R.A., and T.B., unpublished results), when they may function in synapse maturation or stabilization.
An intriguing biochemical property of SynCAM proteins is their highly distinct heterophilic adhesion pattern. In drawing the first comprehensive map of SynCAM interactions, we observed strong heterophilic interactions of SynCAM 1/2 and SynCAM 3/4, as well as homophilic adhesion for SynCAM 1, 2, and 3 but not SynCAM 4. SynCAM 3, also termed CADM3 and Necl-1, had been reported previously to bind SynCAM 1 after heterologous expression (Shingai et al., 2003; Kakunaga et al., 2005). Our biochemical analysis confirms this interaction, which however does not appear to convey strong binding in vitro or to occur to a notable extent in vivo. The specific and strong heterophilic interactions between SynCAM family members 1/2 and 3/4 therefore likely define each SynCAM functionally in neurons and are a striking property reminiscent of a neuronal adhesive code. Furthermore, SynCAM 1 and 2 drive the recruitment of each other to sites of neuronal contact, demonstrating that their transsynaptic interaction can occur in differentiating neurons. The heterophilic binding of SynCAM 3 and 4 shown here was also reported recently in a study of myelination in the peripheral nervous system (Maurel et al., 2007; Spiegel et al., 2007). This heterophilic specificity distinguishes SynCAMs from the neurexin-neuroligin system, which is mainly controlled by alternative splicing along with certain isoform preferences (Ichtchenko et al., 1996; Boucard et al., 2005; Chih et al., 2006; Comoletti et al., 2006; Graf et al., 2006). SynCAM sequences and domain organization are highly conserved within this protein family (Biederer, 2006), and the molecular basis for the specificity of SynCAM binding is not yet understood because structural information is lacking. However, it is of interest that SynCAMs are expressed as complex glycoproteins, with SynCAM 1 and 3 undergoing a developmentally regulated glycosylation that is unique among synaptic adhesion molecules. The fact that N-glycosylation of the SynCAM 1 Ig-like domains promotes its binding to SynCAM 2 points to a role of this modification in regulating the strength and specificity of SynCAM adhesion. The mechanisms providing for such differential SynCAM glycosylation in a developmentally regulated manner are presently unknown.
Both SynCAM 1 and 2 are highly expressed in the hippocampus (M.R.A. and T.B., unpublished results), indicating their functional relevance in this region. This motivated us to determine their roles in hippocampal neurons and synapses. In addition, the analysis of synaptic functions of SynCAM 1 in hippocampal neurons (Biederer et al., 2002; Sara et al., 2005) provided a framework for our studies. We investigated synaptic effects by overexpressing individual SynCAM proteins to overcome the problems that loss-of-function approaches pose because of redundancy between parallel synaptic adhesions systems. Three results now identify that the heterophilic adhesion molecules SynCAM 1 and SynCAM 2 can organize synapses and contribute to their function. First, both SynCAM 1 and SynCAM 2 expressed in HEK 293 cells recruit presynaptic marker proteins to contact sites with hippocampal neurons. Second, elevated SynCAM 2 in dendritic membranes increases the density of functional presynaptic terminals atop these dendrites as observed by visualizing recycling synaptic vesicles. Third, overexpression of either SynCAM 1 or SynCAM 2 in neurons increases mEPSC frequency, consistent with SynCAMs promoting functional excitatory synaptic transmission. It remains presently unclear how SynCAM 1 promotes mEPSCs when exogenously expressed in hippocampal neurons without significantly increasing the number of presynaptic terminals between neurons. This could be caused by effects on the presynaptic release machinery in contacting neurons, or because of a conceivable conversion of existing silent to functional synapses by postsynaptic SynCAM 1. The fact that SynCAM 1 expression in postsynaptic neurons only provides for a trend toward more presynaptic specializations, whereas it causes the significant recruitment of presynaptic markers when expressed in HEK 293 cells, is possibly a result of the high surface expression of heterologous cells and their lack of the endogenous SynCAM amounts found in neurons, providing for a more pronounced readout in the mixed coculture assays.
In comparing SynCAM activities, we noted that increasing SynCAM 2 amounts appeared more effective than elevating SynCAM 1. It is interesting to speculate that SynCAM 2 availability may set a threshold that determines physiological effects of SynCAM-mediated synaptic organization. Consistent with this hypothesis, SynCAM 1 appears somewhat less synaptic than SynCAM 2, indicating that it may be constitutively available on neurite membranes for possible recruitment by SynCAM 2 to organize nascent synaptic sites and potentially align them. This hypothesized role of SynCAM 1 would be analogous to nonsynaptic neuroligin 1 providing hotspots of synapse formation on dendrites (Gerrow et al., 2006). However, such analyses of SynCAM complex assembly will have to await the ultrastructural subsynaptic localization of each SynCAM family member, and determining the extent of their presynaptic versus postsynaptic localization will provide insight into the structure and function of SynCAM complexes. Although SynCAMs are found at both presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes (Biederer et al., 2002), lateral cis-interactions may occur in addition to the binding of SynCAMs in trans-interactions, which could serve to regulate their transsynaptic interactions similar as described previously for neurexins and neuroligins (Taniguchi et al., 2007) and for cadherin-mediated adhesion (Tanaka et al., 2000). With respect to transsynaptic functions of SynCAM complexes, it is notable that neurexins also are found at both presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes (Taniguchi et al., 2007). Because the protein interaction motifs in the cytosolic SynCAM and neurexin sequences are highly conserved (our unpublished observations), the SynCAM and neurexin/neuroligin adhesion systems may therefore engage similar intracellular partners on both sides of the synaptic cleft to organize synapses.
Together, we identify the four SynCAM proteins as a family of neuronal adhesion molecules defined by highly specific heterophilic interactions and characterize the SynCAM 1/2 complex as an asymmetric synaptic adhesion system regulated by N-glycosylation. We demonstrate that SynCAM 1 and 2 proteins are localized to synapses, act across membranes to organize synaptic sites, and promote synaptic transmission. This study therefore introduces SynCAMs as components of a novel heterophilic transsynaptic system. How do SynCAM molecules cooperate with other transsynaptic interactions at the large variety of synapses found in the CNS? It is intriguing to hypothesize a balance between adhesion systems such as SynCAMs that could guide synaptic development and organization, those that affect both synapse organization and excitatory/inhibitory specificity, such as neurexins and neuroligins, as well as others that promote synapse maturation such as N-cadherins. These transsynaptic interactions are likely rather complex considering the additional roles of postsynaptic SALM (synaptic cell adhesion-like molecule) and NGL proteins and EphB receptors in neuronal and synaptic differentiation (Kayser et al., 2006; Kim et al., 2006; Ko et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2006) and may ultimately not only differentiate but also specify maturing synapses (Benson et al., 2001). On this network level, SynCAM expression differences between neuronal populations combined with their precise heterophilic interaction patterns could contribute to the specificity of synaptic connectivity in addition to organizing individual synapses.
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants R01 DA018928 (T.B.) and P30 DA018343 (to the National Institute on Drug Abuse Neuroproteomics Center, Yale University), March of Dimes Foundation Award 5-FY05-138 (T.B.), and The Brain Tumor Society (T.B.). We are grateful to Yuling Lei for excellent technical assistance, Nicholas Reish for technical support, Ewa Folta-Stogniew for performing light scattering experiments, and Clara L. Essmann and Julia Geiger for providing neurons for electrophysiological studies. We thank members of the Biederer laboratory and Drs. Michael R. Koelle, Anthony J. Koleske, and Sreeganga S. Chandra for helpful comments regarding this manuscript; Reinhard Jahn and Michaela Hellwig for synaptic vesicle fractionation samples; and Drs. Thomas C. Südhof, Eunjoon Kim, and Vance Lemmon for antibodies.
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America's radiating college-cheating scandal – wealthy parents allegedly bribed athletic coaches to admit their unathletic kids to elite institutions – is best understood as a symptom of a civilisation that no longer believes in the possibility of truth.
We in the West have oodles of facts, things we can learn with our senses and measure with our scientific instruments. But we reject truth – transcendent claims about the meaning and purpose of life. If we approach truth at all, we do so with hammers in hand, determined to "deconstruct" and "interrogate" it.
And if there is no such thing as transcendent truth, aren't the cheaters in a sense to be commended for following our civilisational logic to its terminus? I kid. Lawbreakers should be punished. But true reform begins with shifting that civilisational logic.
It's a generational undertaking with uncertain prospects. But to get a glimpse of what such an effort might look like, and the role that Catholic educators must play, look no further than Thomas Aquinas College (TAC), the tiny liberal-arts institution that since 1971 has been bucking the trend in American higher education – including the secularised variety on offer at places like Georgetown University, ensnared in the scandal.
I recently visited TAC, nestled in the Topatopa Mountains, at the entrance of Los Padres National Forest, an hour and a half's drive northwest of Los Angeles. I was there to speak with the students and faculty, interactions for which – full disclosure – I was paid a modest honorarium. Here is a place where neither students nor professors shy away from the word "truth", where great-books learning takes place "under the light of faith".
A small group of Catholic philosophers founded the college in 1971, amid the rebellion and iconoclasm that swept the Church in the immediate aftermath of Vatican II. A few years earlier, leading Catholic educators had declared themselves free of "authority of whatever kind, lay or clerical, external to the academic community itself", in what became known as the Land O' Lakes Statement.
Half a century later, it's plain to see what Land O' Lakes wrought: not genuine freedom of inquiry, but slavery to political correctness and progressive dogma that is as severe, if not worse, than it is at the secular institutions the Land O' Lakers sought to imitate. In 2017, three of the 10 institutions named among America's worst colleges for free speech by the Foundation for Individual Rights in Education were Catholic ones: Georgetown, DePaul, Fordham.
TAC's founders began from different premises – namely, that Catholic education "calls for reestablishing in our minds the central role the teaching of the Church should play in the intellectual life of Catholic teachers and students", as they wrote in their founding document.
They believed that, precisely because Catholicism proclaims absolute truth, the faith could liberate liberal-arts education from the narrow specialisation, technocratic blandness and haphazard quality of modern secular education. Thus, faithfulness to the magisterium and apostolic authority could restore the true promise of the liberal arts: "an education for man simply as man" – man as such being legible only in a created order.
Did it work? From an inaugural class of 33, the college has grown to more than 400 students today, a number administrators fret is a bit too large. The students all take the same courses, where they read the Western canon in a coherent order and in primary sources, never in those ugly textbooks their peers elsewhere suffer through.
They discuss these books in the Socratic method, aware that they are all "accountable to the truth", as numerous kids told me – including the Truth-made-flesh, Who hangs crucified in every classroom, Who becomes truly present under the appearances of bread and wine at well-attended Masses several times a day on campus.
"Careerism isn't a problem here" is another frequently heard mantra. They read Aristotle, Augustine, Aquinas, Newton, Einstein and, yes, Nietzsche and Marx for their own sake. There are grades, of course, but for many students high marks are at most a tertiary concern. The point is moral and spiritual growth.
The most striking thing about TAC, however, is the campus culture: the modesty of dress; properly ordered relations between the sexes that spark early and fruitful marriages; the fact that, rather than vomit-strewn floors and gropings in the dark, St Patrick's Day festivities involve moderate drink and Irish balladry, with the young children of the professors around to remind the students of the proper ends of the married vocation.
Plenty of alumni go on to elite graduate programmes and jobs in government and think tanks. But one graduating senior tells me matter-of-factly that she wishes to work as a farmer in a Catholic country like Austria. Yes, a farmer. Think that sounds fanciful, impractical? Look where the cult of practicality and efficiency and competitiveness has brought us.
Tempted to donate to big-name, Catholic-in-name-only Catholic schools? Save your money.
Trying to imagine what a vibrant Catholic culture, born out of the wreckage of liberal modernity, might look like? You don't have to: Come to Santa Paula and see for yourself.
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Sidewalk replaced after laying conduit, Baltimore, Maryland, January 13, 1936
Work Projects Administration in Maryland records | Maryland WPA Photographic Collection, 1934-1943 and undated | Works Projects Administration (WPA), 1935-1942 | 50 -- Baltimore City -- laying conduit, Forest Park Avenue, November 1935-January 1936 | Sidewalk replaced after laying conduit, Baltimore, Maryland, January 13, 1936
Sidewalk replaced after laying conduit, Baltimore, Maryland, January 13, 1936, labor-064600. Special Collections and University Archives.
Sidewalk replaced after laying conduit, Baltimore, Maryland, January 13, 1936, labor-064600. Special Collections and University Archives. https://archives.lib.umd.edu//repositories/2/digital_objects/18976 Accessed January 16, 2022.
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Powder coating is a dry finishing process in which a powder paint is applied by spray or dip to the surface of the part then heat cured to melt and flow resulting in an attractive, durable, high-quality finish. The powder coating process is environmentally friendly; no solvents are used to transport the powder, little or no volatile organic compound (VOC) is released into the air and residual powder can be disposed of as a non-hazardous solid. Overspray powder can be captured, filtered and reapplied to achieve a high transfer efficiency. Sprayed powder uses an electrostatic charge to attract the powder to a grounded part and generally apply a 1-6 mil coating. Dipped parts are generally pre-heated such that powder begins to melt and build up when the part is dipped to achieve a thicker, 6-40 mil film build.
Click Here (PDF - 70KB) to view our Coatings Comparison Table.
Fluid bed application is used to apply thick film builds ranging from a minimum of 6 mil up to as much as 40 mil or more. Fluidized powder beds (tanks) consist of two-chambers separated by a porous plastic membrane. The lower chamber is the supply air plenum, the upper chamber holds the powder. When low pressure air is applied to the plenum, the powder fluidizes, i.e., it is lifted and acts like a fluid that parts can be dipped in. The parts are pre-heated prior to dipping so the powder immediately melts and flows. Excess powder is shaken or blown off and returned to the bed. A lip vent or cartridge style powder collector is typically used to capture blown off powder or powder drifting off the bed surface from the fluidizing air.
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Home UK
UK coronavirus live: vaccine means life could 'start to get back to normal' after Easter, says Hancock | Politics
1.28pm GMT 13:28
Sturgeon tells Scots not to expect easing of restrictions for Hogmanay
Severin Carrell
Nicola Sturgeon has warned that any easing of Covid-19 controls over Christmas will not last into Hogmanay and the new year period in Scotland, despite Hogmanay's cultural significance.
She said that while no final decision had yet been taken, she expected the Covid physical distancing travel, shopping and hospitality regulations will be reimposed after they are briefly eased over Christmas.
She confirmed the UK's four governments are close to announcing a UK-wide easing of the restrictions for a limited number of days over Christmas, involving a maximum of three families, and some potential relaxation of travel rules. But it would not include New Year's Eve or New Year's Day.
She told the briefing:
I do not expect that we will be announcing any particular relaxations over the new year period. Why not? Because we can't do everything. The Christmas thing is hard enough.
Why Christmas and not new year? Well maybe Christmas is a more important time for kids. I think for most of us, even if we value New Year, Christmas is still the time when families are more likely to not want to have somebody on their own.
People really just have to understand that Christmas may be a big enough ask for us and may involve difficult enough decisions without that extending to another part of the festive period.
If people were allowed to mingle at Christmas, it increased the risks the virus would spread if Hogmanay events went ahead too, she said.
While its importance has been diluted over recent decades with the surge in the popularity and commercialisation of Christmas, the Hogmanay period has historically been of greater social significance in Scotland.
The period is marked in Scotland by large New Year's Eve parties and family gatherings, Edinburgh's Hogmanay festival and fireworks, and mass participation events such as the Loony Dook sea swim near the Forth bridge on New Year's day. These organised events have already been cancelled.
Nicola Sturgeon during FMQs last week. Photograph: Jeff J Mitchell/PA
at 1.37pm GMT
Micheál Martin, the Irish taoiseach (PM), told reporters this morning that he was "hopeful" that the outline of a UK-EU trade deal would emerge by the end of this week. He said:
President Ursula Von der Leyen [the European commission president] did say to the EU leaders last Thursday night that there are texts now on all areas.
I would be hopeful that by the end of this week we could see the outline of a deal. That remains to be seen. It's down to political will. One must remain hopeful that a deal can be arrived at.
Steven Morris
The Welsh health minister, Vaughan Gething, has raised the prospect of a new Covid tier system being introduced in Wales.
Following its 17-day "firebreak" lockdown, the Welsh government brought in a national set of Covid restrictions, arguing this was better to have one system for the whole of Wales.
But speaking at the Welsh government's press conference, Gething suggested there might advantages to be common approaches across the UK not just over Christmas but in the run-up to the festive period.
He did not say there would definitely be a tiered system but posed the question: "Would there be a benefit for all of us having a more common set of measures ahead of Christmas?"
Asked about a rise in Covid cases in Cardigan, south-west Wales, which has been blamed by the local authority on parties and pub crawls, Gething said: "The challenge is not to think we can go back to the old normal."
Boris Johnson to hold 7pm news briefing after Commons statement in the afternoon
Boris Johnson will make a statement to MPs in the Commons at 3.30pm about coronavirus, and the new rules for England when the lockdown ends next week.
Downing Street has just announced he will also hold a press conference tonight, at about 7pm. Johnson will appear with Prof Chris Whitty, the government's chief medical adviser, and Prof Andrew Pollard, director of the Oxford Vaccine Group.
Sunak urged by Commons Treasury committee to expand support for self-employed
Many self-employed people are still not getting the help they need from the government's various job support schemes, the Commons Treasury committee has said today.
In an open letter to Rishi Sunak, the chancellor, Mel Stride, chair of the Tory-dominated to the said that although the government's coronavirus job retention scheme (CJRS) and self-employment income support scheme (SEISS) were welcome, many self-employed people were missing out. Stride urged Sunak to consider copying initiatives in place in Scotland and Northern Ireland. He said:
We note that the Scottish government has set up a newly self-employed hardship fund administered by local authorities.
In addition, the Northern Ireland executive has set up an individuals emergency resilience programme and ring-fenced some further amounts to assist individual artists/freelancers in the arts industry. It has also set up a Covid restrictions business support scheme. This scheme aims to help small businesses that do not have premises, such as driving instructors, mobile hairdressers, and also businesses, such as cleaners and caterers, that have not been forced to close but act as part of the supply chain to businesses forced to close.
12.57pm GMT 12:57
At her news briefing Nicola Sturgeon, Scotland's first minister, has just said that the Scottish government will not be announcing any specific easing of coronavirus restrictions for Hogmanay (the new year). And she said she did not expect the four nations agreement for Christmas to cover Hogmanay.
"We can't do everything," she said, when explaining why there would not be specific concessions for Hogmanay. She acknowledged that this was particularly important holiday in Scotland. But she said Christmas was probably a more important event for families with children.
Priti Patel kept her job as home secretary last week despite No 10 publishing the findings of a review that found that her conduct as a minister had at times "amounted to behaviour that can be described as bullying", even if it were unintentional. But, according to a report in the Daily Mirror, 12 officials in the Home Office have been sacked in two years for "bullying, harassment, discrimination or offensive behaviour".
The Welsh health minister, Vaughan Gething, has highlighted a concerning increase in the rise of the number of younger people infected with Covid in Wales.
At the Welsh government's coronavirus briefing Gething said that the rate for under-25s fell during and after the Welsh firebreak but that it had started to rise again. He said the pattern was that infections of younger people quickly worked though to older men and women.
Gething said that while the whole-Wales rate was "stable, there were "worrying" rates in particular areas in the south of Wales – Blaenau Gwent, Caerphilly, Torfaen and Caerphilly.
(@WelshGovernment)
Here's the graph 👇 pic.twitter.com/xMhI5WzoRs
Sturgeon says the rules for Christmas will involve "a small number of households" being able to mix for "a small number of days" over Christmas. But she says the idea of allowing four households to mix has not been discussed.
She also points out that the different nations of the UK use different definitions of households.
Sturgeon says plans for 'slight and careful' easing of rules over Christmas to be announced this week
Sturgeon says later this week she will be announcing plans for a "slight and careful" easing of restrictions over Christmas.
The four nations have the UK have been making progress towards a common position, she says. But she says the details have yet to be finalised. She hopes to be able to announce firm conclusions later, she says.
She says public opinion is mixed on what the government should do. Although some people want the rules to be relaxed, there is also a lot of anxiety about the potential risks, she says.
She says it is "likely" that some households will be able to form larger bubbles with others over Christmas.
But she says any relaxation of Christmas comes with additional risk. "I'm afraid the virus won't take Christmas off," she says.
Sturgeon says, when the government sets out the rules, it will give advice on precautions to be taken too.
And she says just because people might be allowed to mix, that does not mean they have to.
Nicola Sturgeon, Scotland's first minister, is holding her daily coronavirus briefing now.
She says there have been 949 further cases. That is an increase from 844 yesterday, and 717 a week ago today.
She says there are 1,208 coronavirus patients in hospital in Scotland – an increase of 38 from yesterday. And there are 84 patients in intensive care – down 11 from yesterday.
And she says that no additional deaths were recorded yesterday, but that registration offices are closed at the weekend and so the Monday figures are always artificially low. Since Friday a further 44 deaths have been recorded, she says.
at 12.56pm GMT
From Sir Patrick Vallance, the government's chief scientific adviser
Sir Patrick Vallance
(@uksciencechief)
"Congratulations to the great teams who have worked on the @UniofOxford @AstraZeneca vaccines. It is great to have another positive readout for a vaccine against #COVID19. This is a huge achievement" – PV
Johnson tells ministers there' 'no place for bullying' in government
Turning away from coronavirus for a moment, Boris Johnson and Simon Case, the cabinet secretary, have written a joint letter (pdf) to ministers and heads of government departments reminding them that there is "no place for bullying" following an investigation into home secretary Priti Patel's conduct.
In a ministerial statement, Johnson said:
This letter sets out the paramount importance of relationships of mutual trust and respect between politicians and their officials.
This includes keeping internal conversations private, feeling able to speak freely and honestly about matters of state and to speak constructively about things that are not working so that we can fix them together promptly.
I am clear that there is a particular duty on ministers and permanent secretaries to create jointly across government a culture which is professional, respectful, focused and ambitious for change and in which there is no place for bullying.
According to a story by Eleni Courea in the Times (paywall), Johnson raised Patel's alleged bullying in cabinet yesterday, quoting Churchill. Johnson apparently referred to Clementine Churchill, who in 1940 wrote to her husband after one of his friends had complained of his "rough, sarcastic and overbearing manner". Clementine told her husband: "You won't get the best results by irascibility and rudeness."
11.51am GMT 11:51
This is from Prof Chris Whitty, the government's chief medical adviser.
Professor Chris Whitty
(@CMO_England)
This is a very encouraging step forward.
I would like to say a huge thank you to those who volunteered and the researchers around the country.
The regulators will now do their independent analysis for safety and efficacy but this is another important advance. https://t.co/Iz1ZEzJ7x7
Nicola Sturgeon, Scotland's first minister, has told other government leaders her administration needs to work on a Covid-safe policy for Hogmanay this year, as well as agree UK-wide policies for Christmas.
In Scotland, the traditional emphasis on Hogmanay as the focus of family gatherings adds an additional layer of complication for Sturgeon's government. If families are allowed to mingle over Christmas, why not Hogmanay too?
Many Scots still regard celebrating the new year as a much more important social and cultural event. Our colleague Steve Morris reports that this was flagged by Mark Drakeford, the Welsh first minister, at his regular Covid briefing last Friday.
Drakeford was asked about the four nations talks on relaxing Covid controls for Christmas. He said:
There are different traditions in different parts of the country. In Scotland, for example, the new year celebrations have always been a more significant part of their national way of marking the winter festival than in some other parts of the country. There are different things that have to be thought about in the different contexts that each nation faces.
Officials in Scotland say this was raised by Sturgeon during a four-nations call chaired by Michael Gove, the UK government's Cabinet Office minister, early last week. But preparing for Hogmanay is not part of the four nations strategy due to be unveiled in the next few days.
Sturgeon has made clear she is worried that lifting controls over Christmas will feed the pandemic and increase deaths, particularly amongst the elderly. There would be some leeway, but not much, she warned last week:
I want to do that in a way that also minimises the risk of me standing at this podium in late January, reporting really horrible numbers of people who have died because of infections that we've picked up over the Christmas period.
Like so much with this virus we're trying to strike the right balance.
AstraZeneca says it expects to have produced 40m vaccine doses for UK by end of March
Executives from AstraZeneca, which has partnered with Oxford University on the coronavirus vaccine and which is in charge of production, have also been briefing journalists. Here are the key points they've been making.
Pam Cheng, executive vice president of operations and information technology at AstraZeneca, said the company expected to have 40m doses of the vaccine ready for the UK by the end of March 2021. She said:
Excluding our sub licence partners, we will have approaching 200m doses of actives – the drug substance by the end of 2020 and more than 700m doses by the end of Q1 [the first quarter of 2021] globally. These actives would then be formulated and filled into vials.
For the UK, assuming conditional approval is granted, we expect to have manufactured approaching 20m doses of active, and with up to 4m doses in finished form by year-end, and significantly higher by end of Q1 at 70m doses of active form and 40m doses in finished form. We have a robust supply chain which is capable of manufacturing at scale and we can do it very quickly.
Mene Pangalos, executive vice president for biopharmaceuticals R&D at AstraZeneca, said the subgroup analysis – which showed 90% efficacy for a particular dose regimen – was enough to file for regulatory approval.
Pangalos said data from the vaccine trial was already being submitted to the UK's Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) for consideration.
Pascal Soriot, chief executive officer of AstraZeneca, said even though three teams have now announced successful interim vaccine efficacy results, more vaccine would be needed. He said:
Sometimes people think it is a competition but if you add the capacity that Pfizer has announced, plus Moderna, plus our capacity, the three of us don't even have enough vaccine production for the world.
So, there's no competition really, we need as many as we can so we vaccinate sufficient number of people worldwide. So we stop this pandemic.
A scientist processing serum at the Oxford University laboratory producing a coronavirus vaccine jointly with AstraZeneca. Photograph: Oxford University/JOHN CAIRNS/EPA
At the Oxford vaccine team briefing Prof Sarah Gilbert, professor of vaccinology at the university, said scientists were "optimistic" that their vaccine would have good durability. She said:
When we did our Mers vaccine trial, that was with a single dose of a vaccine, and we did see very good, strong immune responses maintained a year after vaccination in that small clinical trial.
So, we're optimistic we're going to see good durability. There are grounds for believing that we will do, but we have to collect the data.
Tags: Boris JohnsonChristmascoronavirusHealthInfectious diseasesMatt HancockMedical researchNicola SturgeonPoliticsScienceScotlandUK NewsVaccines and immunisation
AstraZeneca says its Covid-19 vaccine is 'highly effective' in late-stage trials
Coronavirus live news: Oxford vaccine has up to 90% efficacy; Russia suffers worst daily caseload increase | World news
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Dig Into These Tasty Facts About Food Network's Buddy Valastro
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Our U13 football girls are delighted to have their new kit, kindly donated to us by Mr Ray Pennock who works for Macron and has two daughters in Cwmtawe.
Both the Under 13 and Under 15 girls were eliminated from the Welsh Cup competition this season in the last 16 (round) but as a school we are delighted to have two brand new and smart looking kits for the U13 and U15 girls to kick start their campaign next year.
U13s lost 3-0 on penalties after a 1-1 draw with Rhymney High School.
U15s lost 7-1 to a very strong Garth Olwg side.
We'll be back even stronger next season. Watch this space!
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"With the divestment of our confectionery and cattle feed businesses, Raisio is at the beginning of the new. The company has a clear focus: responsibly produced healthy food. In early 2018, we have implemented a significant reorganisation of operations. The main change was the integration of all Raisio's food brands and businesses into the Healthy Food Division. We have already taken the first steps following the change in the organisational structure and started the resource allocation to support the profitable growth of the Healthy Food Division.
Raisio's net sales and EBIT for January-March 2018 were at satisfactory levels. Moderate sales growth for Benecol and Elovena products continued in Finland. Sales and business profitability weakened in Poland, Russia, Ireland and Belgium, mainly due to challenges in sales volumes. Net sales and sales volume for the UK operations were also slightly down from the comparison period. Raisio has identified the main problems and initiated corrective measures. We have set an ambitious but realistic time-frame for these measures.
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The increasing development of HVAC (heating and air-conditioning systems) technology causes employers to recognize the importance of continous education and keeping up to speed with the latest equipment and skills. This 9-module course prepares students for the first level of NCCER's four-level curriculum, which is North American Technician Excellence (NATE) recognized. Students will learn theoretical and practical skills essential to success as an HVAC installer or technician, offering training in Math, Basic Electricity, Heating, Cooling, Air Distribution Systems, and Piping. Pre-requisite: NCCER Core Certification.
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2 foreign skiers killed, 19 rescued in avalanche in Indian Kashmir
Ladakh News
Occupied Kashmir's leaders to urge India's Modi to restore region's autonomy
Kashmiri politicians will urge Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to restore occupied Jammu and Kashmir's autonomy when they meet him on Thursday for the first talks since he took away the region's special status two years ago, party officials said.
New Delhi has struggled for decades to dampen secessionist sentiments in what had been its only Muslim majority state, blaming Pakistan for supporting insurgencies in the Himalayan region, which Islamabad denies.
Reasserting New Delhi's control in August 2019, Modi abolished Article 370 of the Constitution, ending the region's autonomy and removing its statehood by splitting it into the federal territories of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) and Buddhist-dominated Ladakh.
Read: Modi committed 'strategic blunder' by revoking occupied Kashmir's status, says PM Imran
Some of the politicians set to meet Modi on Thursday were among the thousands of people detained back then to forestall a backlash against the shock move. The government also imposed months-long communications restrictions in the highly sensitive Kashmir valley to stifle opposition.
"Our agenda is restoration of pre-August 5, 2019 status of Jammu and Kashmir," People's Democratic Party (PDP) leader Mehbooba Mufti told her colleagues on Sunday, according to two officials who attended the online meeting.
Senior leaders of the National Conference also met over the weekend and backed a decision to push for the restoration of statehood and special status, a party official said.
"We will press for these two demands during the meeting with the [Indian] prime minister," the official said. All three officials declined to be named because the discussions were private.
Representatives of the PDP and National Conference will meet on Tuesday along with other members of an alliance formed last year to seek a peaceful restoration of occupied Kashmir's autonomy, to prepare for their talks with the prime minister, PDP spokesman Suhail Bukhari said.
The 2019 decision to withdraw occupied Kashmir's autonomy drew a sharp reaction from Pakistan, leading to downgrading of diplomatic ties and suspension of trade.
But the nuclear-armed neighbours have held secret talks this year in an effort to reduce tensions, and agreed to observe a ceasefire along the disputed border in Kashmir.
Ladakhnews
ITBP officer performs Surya Namaskar wearing shorts in sub-zero temperature in Ladakh
Good number of foreign militants present in Kashmir, says J&K top cop
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Government Data Undercounts Police Killings by More Than Half, Study Finds
A peer-reviewed study published last week in The Lancet found that 30,800 people died from police violence in the U.S. between 1980 and 2018—and 17,100 of them (more than 55%) were misclassified or unreported in official vital statistics reports.
Researchers also found that Black Americans were 3.5 times more likely to be killed by police than white Americans. Nearly 60% of these deaths were not attributed to police violence in government data. That's the highest level of underreporting for any group.
Hispanic people of any race and non-Hispanic Indigenous people were about 1.8 times more likely to die from police violence than white people, the researchers found.
Inaccurate data minimizes the problem of police violence, Fablina Sharara, one of the lead authors, told USA TODAY.
"Recent high-profile police killings of Black people have drawn worldwide attention to this urgent public health crisis, but the magnitude of this problem can't be fully understood without reliable data," she said in a press release. "Inaccurately reporting or misclassifying these deaths further obscures the larger issue of systemic racism that is embedded in many U.S. institutions, including law enforcement."
Researchers at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) at the University of Washington compared data from the U.S. National Vital Statistics System to three non-governmental, open-source databases on police violence: Fatal Encounters, Mapping Police Violence, and The Counted. The federal government has used NVSS to track deaths from law enforcement since 1949.
"These figures show a system of violent and fatal policing in the USA that is unfairly and unevenly applied across race and ethnicity," The Lancet's editorial board wrote. The medical journal identified the study as the most accurate and comprehensive assessment of police killings in America to date.
Previous research has found similar rates of underreporting and racial disparities, but this study stands out for the lengthy time period it examined—nearly four decades.
Over that period, researchers found the overall mortality rate due to police violence increased by more than 38%, even though crime has declined since the early 1990s. In 2019, more men died in the U.S. from police violence than from Hodgkin lymphoma or testicular cancer.
One of the starkest findings was that racial disparities in police shootings have actually widened since 2000, IHME director Dr. Christopher Murray told The New York Times.
Under-reporting varied widely across states, the researchers found. From 1980 to 2018, the top five states with the highest under-reporting rates were Oklahoma, with an estimated 83.7% of deaths misclassified; Wyoming, with 79.1%; Alabama, with 76.9%; Louisiana, with 75.7%; and Nebraska, with 72.9%.
The states with the highest mortality rate from police violence were Oklahoma, Washington, D.C., Arizona, Alaska, Nevada, and Wyoming.
"I think the big takeaway is that most people in public health tend to take vital statistics for the U.S. and other countries as the absolute truth, and it turns out, as we show, the vital statistics are missing more than half of the police violence deaths," Dr. Murray told the Times.
"You have to look for why those deaths that are being picked up by the open-source investigations, looking in the media and elsewhere, aren't showing up in the official statistics. That does point to the system of medical examiners and the incentives that may exist for them to want to not classify a death as related to police violence."
The researchers found that some deaths were misclassified because coroners and medical examiners failed to indicate police involvement on the death certificate or assigned the wrong codes in the national database.
But the study also pointed to "substantial conflicts of interest" that could discourage medical examiners and coroners from indicating police involvement, including the fact that many of them work for or are embedded within police departments.
In a 2011 survey of National Association of Medical Examiners members cited in the study, 22% of respondents reported that they had been pressured by an elected official or appointee to change the cause or manner of death on a death certificate.
Police violence and racism in policing in the USA are not new or unexplained problems; they are the current manifestations of a system that was built to uphold racial hierarchy for most of the USA's history.
Study authors
Fatal police violence that disproportionately impacts people of color is an urgent public health crisis with deep roots in our country's history of racial injustice, the researchers found.
Throughout U.S. history, they write, "police have been used to enforce racist and exploitative social orders that endanger the safety of the most marginalised groups in society"—from capturing runaway slaves and beating civil rights protestors to the heavily militarized policing that disproportionately affects Black, Indigenous, and Hispanic people today.
To address this public health crisis, we need to reform how we document and respond to police violence, the researchers conclude. Accurate data collection without conflicting interests is critical to document the full burden of deaths due to police violence. The study includes recommendations for how to improve reporting, and it urges the field of public health to eliminate police violence.
Police killings are not essential to policing or public safety. No one died in 2019 from police violence in Norway, and only three died between 2018 and 2019 in England and Wales—all countries where most police officers are not armed, the researchers note.
"To respond to this public health crisis," the study concludes, "the USA must replace militarised policing with evidenced-based support for communities, prioritize the safety of the public, and value Black lives."
Fatal Police Violence by Race and State in the USA, 1980-2019
Editorial: Fatal Police Violence in the USA: A Public Health Issue
Police Killings Happen Far More Often Than What's Widely Reported. Here's Why the Numbers Are Off by So Much
More Than Half of Police Killings Are Mislabeled, New Study Says
More Than Half of Police Killings in the US Are Unreported in Government Data, Study Finds
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Latin Percussion's LP592B-X Percussion Claw holds most mountable percussion instruments including cowbells, tambourines or jam blocks on drum kits, marching drums, or percussin setups. Holds tight to any standard drum rim. The LP592B-X includes a 3/8" diameter Z-rod and LP's forged eye-bolt mounting assembly.
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Anneke Brassinga (born 20 August 1948, in Schaarsbergen, Gelderland) is a Dutch writer and translator. She was awarded the Constantijn Huygens Prize in 2008, and has received numerous other prizes as well.
Life and career
Brassinga studied Translation Studies in Amsterdam. She works as a literary translator, and has translated the works of the following authors into Dutch: George Orwell, Oscar Wilde, Vladimir Nabokov, Samuel Beckett, Sylvia Plath, Patricia Highsmith, W.H. Auden, Hermann Broch, Jean Jacques Rousseau, Marcel Proust, and Jules Verne.
She is considered a postmodern writer, but she prefers to see herself as surrealist. The themes of her poetry are nature, love, the vulnerability of beauty and language.
Works
Poetry
Aurora (1987)
Landgoed (1989)
Thule (1991)
Zeemeeuw in boomvork (1994)
Huisraad (1998)
Verschiet (2001)
Timiditeiten (2003)
Wachtwoorden. Verzamelde herziene gedichten, 1987-2003. (2005)(with cd)
Wachtwoorden. Verzamelde herziene gedichten, 1987-2015. (2015)
IJsgang (2006)
Ontij (2010)
Het wederkerige (2014)
Verborgen tuinen (2019)
Prose
Hartsvanger (1993)
Hapschaar (1998, 2018) - short stories
Het zere been (2002) - essays
Tussen vijf en twaalf (2005) - letters
Bloeiend puin (2008) - essays
as co-author: Het zere been: essays & diversen (2015)
Grondstoffen (2015) - essays
Awards
2015: P.C. Hooft Award for her poetry
2008:Constantijn Huygens Prize for her overall oeuvre
2005:Anna Bijns Prize for Timiditeiten
2002:VSB Poetry Award for Verschiet
2002:Ida Gerhardt Poëzieprijs for Verschiet
2001:ECI Prize
2001:Paul Snoek Prize for Huisraad
1990:Herman Gorter Prize for Landgoed
1985:Trevanian Poetry Prize
References
Profile at the Koninklijke Bibliotheek, National Library of the Netherlands
Profile at the Digital Library for Dutch Literature
1948 births
Living people
People from Arnhem
Dutch translators
Constantijn Huygens Prize winners
English–Dutch translators
French–Dutch translators
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In this morning's announcement, the economy created 196,000 jobs in March, more than forecasted, and the unemployment rate held steady at 3.8%. Increases occurred in the health care and professional / technical services sectors, while manufacturing was soft. Meanwhile, Average Hourly Earnings increased just 0.1% in March, lower than expected and has increased 3.2% on an annual basis. A balanced report, with a strong headline number recovering from the 20k reading the previous month (now 33k with revisions). Moderating Average Hourly Earnings indicates wages are not placing upward pressure on inflation. The patient stance on interest rate policy by the Federal Reserve remains intact. Following the report, equity futures are higher and bond yields are mostly unchanged heading into the market open.
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The President of the World Bank, Dr. Jim Yong Kim, called on the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi 30.06.2016. During the meeting, the Prime Minister expressed happiness at the World Bank's continued support to India, especially in priority areas like Smart Cities, Ganga Rejuvenation, Skill Development, Swachh Bharat and Power for All. Dr. Kim said he was impressed by the progress made towards the ambitious targets in these programmes.
Researchers say they have found the first clear evidence that the thinning in the ozone layer above Antarctica is starting to heal. The scientists said that in September 2015 the hole was around 4 million square kilometers smaller than it was in the year 2000, an area roughly the size of India.
The gains have been credited to the long term phasing out of ozone-destroying chemicals. The study also sheds new light on the role of volcanoes in making the problem worse. Ozone is important because it blocks out harmful ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Its absence increases the chances of skin cancer, cataract damage, and harm to animals and plants.
Rajesh Agrawal is a British Indian entrepreneur and philanthropist who, in June 2016, was appointed Deputy Mayor of London for Business. He is best known as the Founder, Chairman & CEO of London based commercial foreign exchange company RationalFX.
Born and brought up in Indore, India, Agrawal arrived in London in 2001 and became a fin-tech entrepreneur and innovator, according to an interview published on London Loves Business, was earning a £65 a month living in India until a job opportunity brought him to London in 2001.
Three Indian naval ships have reached Russia as part of efforts to enhance maritime cooperation between the navies of both countries. A statement by the Navy said in New Delhi that INS Sahyadri, Shakti and Kirch, under the Command of the Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet, Rear Admiral S V Bhokare, reached Vladivostok on a four-day visit as part of deployment of the Eastern Fleet to the South China Sea.During the visit, the ships will have professional interactions with the Russian Navy aimed at enhancing co-operation between the two forces.
Bangladesh has become one of the first countries to have secured a loan from the China-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank. The country will get $165 million for a power distribution system upgrade and expansion project. The board of the bank approved its first 4 loans totally $509 million to 4 countries yesterday within 6 month's of its establishment.The other 3 countries are Pakistan, Indonesia and Takjikistan. Totally financed by the AIIB, the Bangladesh project will expand electricity coverage by providing 2.5 million new connections in rural areas, upgrade 2 grid substations and convert 85 km circuit overhead distribution lines into underground cables in north Dhaka.
Milkha Singh launches project that involves setting up of libraries in 700 government-run schools to benifit over 3.5 lakh underprivileged students. Backed by the S.Chand Group, one of the largest deuctional content providers in the country, each library will start with some 400 books provided by the publishing group.
Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) has launched BGR-34, an anti-diabetic ayurvedic drug designed for type 2 Diabetes mellitus. A CSIR-NBRI release said in Bengaluru that BGR-34 is developed jointly by National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI) and Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP). BGR-34 has been economically priced at 5 rupees per tablet as compared to latest DPP4 inhibitors globally. It said the modern diabetes drugs are known for side-effects and toxicity while BGR-34 works by controlling blood sugar and limiting the harmful effects of other drugs.
India is all set to join the Missile Technology Control Regime, MTCR(Missile Technology Control Regime) on 27.06.2016 as a full member. External Affairs Ministry Spokesperson Vikas Swarup said, New Delhi had applied for membership of the MTCR last year and all the procedural formalities have been completed. He said, Foreign Secretary S Jaishankar will sign the document of accession into MTCR in the presence of Ambassadors of France, The Netherlands and Luxembourg in New Delhi on 27.06.2016.
Nine regional parties have become members of the North East Democratic Alliance, NEDA. The Convenor of the Alliance Mr Himanta Biswa Sarma told AIR that three parties from Assam including Asom Gana Parishad and two parties from Meghalaya have become part of it. He said, one each from Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland and Sikkim were also included in the alliance.
Veteran sprinter Sameer Mon has won gold in 100 metre at the 56th National Inter-state Senior Athletics Championships in Hyderabad. Representing Manipur, Sameer clocked 10.60 seconds to become the fastest athlete in the country. Karnataka athlete Reena George's switch-over from 400 metre to 100 metre proved successful as she won the women's 100 metre dash in 11.99 seconds. Khyati Vakharia of Karnataka cleared a season best 3.80 metre to win the women's pole vault.
In women's 100 metre hurdles, M Sugina of Kerala clocked a personal best of 14.17 secs to win gold. Tamil Nadu duo of B Dhanalakshmi and D Keerthana also delivered their bests to secure the next two spots. D Sreekanth, also of Kerala, took his first major title in men's 110 metre hurdles by clocking a personal best of 14.54 seconds.
Indian Navy has launched INS Tarasa, the fourth and last ship in the series of the Water Jet Fast Attack Craft (WJFAC). It is being built by Kolkata (West Bengal) based Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Ltd (GRSE), for the Indian Navy. The WJFACs are ideally suited and used for interception of fast-moving surface craft. INS Tarasa like the previously launched ships of WJFACs series has been named after the picturesque island in the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago in Bay of Bengal. It is an improved variant of the Car Nicobar-class high-speed offshore patrol vessels (OPVs).
The Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi released a book titled "The Birds of Banni Grassland" in New Delhi, on 28.06.2016. The book was presented to the Prime Minister by the Scientists of Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology (GUIDE).
The Book is a compilation of the research work, relating to more than 250 species of birds found in the Banni area of Kutch, Gujarat. The Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology (GUIDE), located at Bhuj, has been studying the plant, bird and marine life in the Rann of Kutch for over 15 years.
The Central Government has appointed N.S. Vishwanathan as Deputy Governor of the RBI (Reserve Bank of India). His appointment was approved by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) presided by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. NS Vishwanathan will shall have term will be for three years and will succeed Harun R Khan, who will superannuates on July 7, 2016 on turning 62.
The first squadron of indigenously designed and manufactured Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas was inducted into Indian Air Force (IAF). State-run Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) handed over the first two Tejas aircrafts to IAF as part squadron at the Aircraft System Testing Establishment in Bengaluru. Key Facts The first squadron of LCA Tejas has been named as 'Flying Daggers'. Its base will be located in Sulur, Tamil Nadu. It will have total 20 aircrafts, including 4 trainers.
National Conference of State Panchayati Raj Ministers in New Delhi 28.06.2016 today. Mr. Singh will also release the 1st Outcome Report on MGNREGA for 2016-17.Panchayati Raj ministers and senior officials from different states and elected representatives for all three tiers of Panchayati Raj Institutions will attend the conference.
Argentina women's team has won the 2016 Champions Trophy title of Hockey by defeating Netherlands. In the final match played at the Lee Valley Hockey and Tennis Centre in London, UK, Argentina women's team defeated Netherlands by 2-1 goals. With this victory, Argentina women's team has won the Champions Trophy title of Hockey for record seventh time. Earlier they had won it in 2001, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012 and 2014. In 2016 title, goals Argentinean team were scored by Martina Cavallero and Noel Barrionuev. For the Netherlands team single goal was scored by Maartje Paumen.
India maintains No. 3 position inWith 110 rating points India is placed below Australia (123) and second-placed New Zealand (113). Australia has retained its number-one ranking following its 58-run victory over the West Indies in the final of the tri-series in Barbados, but South Africa has dropped behind India in fourth place after it failed to reach the summit clash.
South Africa's three loses and one no-result has meant it has dropped two points to join India on 110 points, but behind Mahendra Singh Dhoni's side when the points are calculated beyond the decimal point. The biggest gainer from the tri-series is the West Indies, which has retained its seventh ranking but more importantly it has gained six points to open up a seven-point advantage over eighth-ranked Pakistan.
In the ICC Player Rankings for ODI batsmen, India's Virat Kohli is placed second while Rohit Sharma and Shikhar Dhawan occupy the sixth and eighth positions respectively. South Africa's AB de Villiers has continued to lead the ODI batsmen chart while his countryman Hashim Amla is placed third.
Lionel Messi has decided to retire from international football. Argentina's captain Messi took this call to hang his boots from international soccer after losing Copa America final. The heartbroken Barcelona superstar was distraught after missing a spot-kick as Chile snatched victory in a penalty shoot-out -- Messi's fourth straight defeat in a major final while representing Argentina. Messi's dramatic announcement followed Argentina's third loss in a major final since 2014.
They were beaten 1-0 by Germany in the final of the World Cup in 2014 and lost on penalties, also to Chile, in the final of the 2015 Copa America. Messi also tasted defeat with Argentina in the final of the 2007 Copa America.
It was a good day for Indian athletes. After Dutee Chand's qualification, four more Indians have qualified for the Olympics in their respective events. Ankit Sharma qualified for Olympics in men's long jump after meeting qualification mark in Kazakhstan. Ace sprinter Srabani Nanda also simultaneously booked her seat for Rio 2016 as well.
In Archery, Atanu Das qualifies for Rio Olympics in the men's individual recurve event. The 24-year-old beat Jayanta Talukdar and Mangal Singh Champia to advance to the summer games. Mohammad Anas has qualified for the upcoming Rio Olympics by shattering the men's 400-metre national record on the second day of Polish Athletics Championship.
56th National Inter-State Senior Athletics Championships, a qualifying event for the Rio Olympics, will begin in Hyderabad 28.06.2016. As many as 744 athletes, including 264 women from 26 states will take part in the five-day event. So far, 21 athletes have qualified for the Rio Olympic Games besides the women's 4x400m relay squad. A Sri Lankan relay team will also take part in the event in its bid to attain the Rio qualification standard. This is the fourth time that senior Nationals have returned to Hyderabad.
Centre has appointed Mr. Sujoy Bose, Director and Global Co-Head, Infrastructure and Natural Resources, International Finance Corporation, Washington, as the Chief Executive Officer of National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF) Ltd. A Finance Ministry press release said in New Delhi this evening that Mr. Bose has extensive international experience in the infrastructure sector including experience in raising funds from international investors.
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Aristotelia euprepella is a moth of the family Gelechiidae. It was described by Zerny in 1934. It is found in Lebanon and Turkey.
References
Moths described in 1934
Aristotelia (moth)
Moths of the Middle East
Moths of Asia
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Here comes the WISMEC SINUOUS P80 Full Kit. The kit includes a 80W SINUOUS P80 Box MOD and an Elabo Mini Atomizer. The compact P80 is powered by a single 18650 cell that reaches up to 80w output. It supports VW/Bypass/TC-Ni/TC-Ti/TC-SS/TCR modes to satisfy different vaping needs. A centered 510 spring loaded connector, hidden fire button with a side 0.96-inch screen, an indicator light with three changeable colors are also the new highlights of the SINUOUS P80. The 2ml Elabo mini adopts convenient slide-top filling design with innovative child lock system and fits the P80 perfectly. 5 colors.
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Swedish-Gambian singer Seinabo Sey sparkles on this stylish nu-pop collection of soul and chameleonic electronic tunes. The sonic world of Pretend is richly multi-hued—mournful organs build to joyful EDM on slow-rising opener "Younger," strings pulse under trickling congas on "Words," and "Who" smuggles disco guitar into a foot-stomping R&B jam. It's all a gorgeous backdrop to Sey's soulful vocals, which offer tales of loss, family, relationships, and redemption with a conviction that belies her youth. Sophisticated pop at its most powerful.
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Rohingya death blamed on medic's 'lunch'
An asylum-seeker collapsed and died after staff at a Japanese immigration centre failed to call for help, allegedly because the doctor was having lunch, a pressure group said Thursday.
Published: 24/10/2013 at 04:11 PM
Newspaper section: breakingnews
Anwar Hussin, a Rohingya man from Myanmar, fell ill shortly after he was detained on October 9, according to the People's Forum on Burma, a Japan-based NGO headed by a Japanese lawyer.
Citing the 57-year-old's cousin, the group said Hussin had been complaining of a headache all morning and fell unconscious as he began eating lunch in his cell.
Fellow detainees - seven people of different nationalities - called for help because he was vomiting and having spasms, the NGO said.
Detention centre staff rejected their requests that a doctor be called, saying Hussin was just "having a seizure" and that the duty medic was on his lunch break, the group said, citing interviews with detainees.
A doctor was summoned 51 minutes after Hussin's collapse, according to a timeline given to his cousin by the centre.
Staff made an emergency call four minutes after the doctor's arrival - 55 minutes after being made aware of the problem, the timeline showed.
Hussin died in hospital on October 14, it said.
A spokeswoman for the Tokyo Immigration Bureau said a man in his 50s from Myanmar, died of subarachnoid haemorrhage - a stroke - after collapsing in the detention centre, confirming the dates given by the pressure group.
But she declined to confirm or deny the claims made by the NGO over how long it took for the doctor to be called.
"We refrain from disclosing details because it concerns private matters," said the spokeswoman.
"We are aware that some people have complained the man was neglected for some time," she said, adding the bureau believes staff handled the case appropriately. She said officials had explained the situation to the man's surviving family in Japan.
The People's Forum on Burma, which supports democratisation of Myanmar and aids refugees from the country when they arrive in Japan, disputes this.
"The bureau did not inform the family of (Hussin's) hospitalisation. It was learnt from other detainees," said a spokeswoman.
Immigration officials gave few details until two days after Hussin's death, the spokeswoman said, and then only when his cousin repeatedly pressed them.
Hussin came to Japan in 2006 and made two applications for asylum, both of which were rejected, according to the group, which said he was waiting for the result of his second appeal when he was detained.
It was not immediately possible to independently verify the claims.
Japan places tight restrictions on the number of immigrants and asylum-seekers it accepts.
According to figures provided by the Justice Ministry, in 2012, 2,545 people applied for asylum, of whom 368 were from Myanmar - the second largest nationality group after the Turkish.
Japan accepted 18 refugees during the year.
The Rohingya - described by the UN as one of the most persecuted minorities on the planet - face travel restrictions, forced labour and limited access to healthcare and education in Myanmar, rights groups say.
Myanmar views its population of roughly 800,000 Muslim Rohingya as illegal Bangladeshi immigrants and denies them citizenship.
Source: Bangkokpost
Posted by Rohingya Arakanese Refugee Committee (RARC) at 3:05 AM
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Cool, cutting edge with a unique design twist the 883 Police CE 894 regular fit, mid wash destroyed wash jeans are the perfect addition to this seasons wardrobe. These regular fit men's denims feature destroyed finish denim with multi-functioning pockets, biker panels and vertical zipped pockets. Mix it up with a graphic 883 Police t-shirt or long sleeve cotton shirt.
About Me: Faded denim. Colour / Wash: Mid Wash / Destroyed.
Size & Fit: Image depicts 32" regular fit.
Hazard 401's come in a relaxed regular style, which fits true to size.
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Instead, one finds accurate, even rather compassionate accounts of Islamic theology side by side with bizarre, antagonistic, and even hateful depictions of Muslims and their belief.
In this essay, I will discuss the historical importance of panegyric poetry as a performative act, representing a component of a lord's self-perception. I will limit myself, for the sake of time and for the sake of presenting a clear picture, to the poetry of the age of the Gogynfeirdd or not-so-early poets (about 1100 to 1282), representing the strongest tradition of patronage of poetry and a period of increased Welsh political independence.
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We are pleased to offer the above development site to the market, locally known as Wheatfield Mill, formerly occupied by Gaskell Textiles; the site equates to approximately 5.1 acres (2.06 HA) .
The site is located in a mixed commercial and residential area, with the majority of the houses surrounding the site being terraced housing. The site is bounded by the Leeds Liverpool Canal.
We are advised that the site would be suitable for various uses, subject to obtaining the necessary planning consent; these include Residential Housing, Commercial / Business, Care Home, Retirement or Retail / Leisure.
Please do not hesitate to contact the sole selling agent, Bielby Associates to discuss the opportunity in further detail.
We are pleased to offer this exciting development site known as the former Cleckheaton Bowling Club. The site equates to 1.65 Acres (0.669 HA).
The site is suitable for residential development and is available on subject to planning basis.
Please do not hesitate to contact the selling agents, Bielby Associates to discuss the opportunity in further detail.
Potential for alternative uses, subject to obtaining the necessary planning consent. Bielby Associates have been appointed to dispose of a development site known as Woodside Works, formerly a Dye Works mill, equating to approximately 8.0 acres (3.237 HA).
The site has the benefit of a residential planning consent and further information can be obtained from the Sole Selling Agents.
We are pleased to offer this exciting residential development opportunity to the market For Sale.
The subject site is situated on the corner of Doncaster road and Cranworth road in Rotherham, South Yorkshire. Rotherham is the second largest settlement in South Yorkshire and is located approximately 3.6 miles from the M1 motorway.
The freehold site extends to approximately 0.98 acres (0.403 HA). The site comprises of a disused Yorkshire Water storage reservoir (covered) that was constructed in circa 1887.
The site has planning for 10 houses, these are made of 5 x 2 bedroom semi-detached and townhouse properties, 1 x 3 bedroom detached properties and 4 x 3 bed semi-detached houses – 2 with integral garages. The overall development proposal equates to 7,456 sq ft (692.7 sq M). The residential development allows for 17 car parking spaces in total, plus the two integral garages.
We are pleased to offer this exciting residential refurbishment / development opportunity to the market For Sale.
The Home Farm estate comprises of a fully equipped equestrian centre with stabling for 28 horses in the main stable block (Monarch stables with self-feeders), 7 stables to the external barn and easterly courtyard and 10 stables plus tack room to the outdoor ménage building; providing the potential to stable 45 horses in its current form. All buildings are constructed of Yorkshire stone and artificial stone roof tiles to the main.
Potential for residential development, subject to obtaining the necessary planning consent. Bielby Associates have been appointed to dispose of a development site at Chase Park, Redhouse Interchange; a mixed use development by Redhouse Projects Limited, the joint venture between Valad Europe and Clugston.
The owners have been successful in securing an allocation for residential development under the LDF for 6.03 acres (2.44 HA) of their retained site at Junction 38 of the A1(M) which lies almost equidistant between Ferrybridge and the A1 / M62 intersection to the South, situated 7 miles North of Doncaster Town Centre.
We are pleased to offer this exciting development site with excellent frontage to Station Road, Cross Gates to the market For Sale. The property equates to a site area of 0.43 Acres and would be suitable for a number of alternative uses, subject to obtaining the necessary planning consent. The current owners may also consider a Leasehold Design and Build arrangement subject to negotiation of lease terms and covenant strength.
Please do not hesitate to contact the joint selling agents, Bielby Associates or Mark Barnes at J&E Richards on 07850 114571 to discuss the opportunity in further detail.
On behalf of the University of Leeds, we are pleased to offer this unique and exciting new build and part refurbishment development opportunity to the market For Sale. The property equates to a site area of 0.92 Acre (0.374 HA) and has a detailed planning consent for 8 new build houses, comprising of 4 x 2 bedroom properties and 4 x 3 bedroom properties as well as an existing property to be refurbished / converted in to a 3 bedroom residential property.
Please do not hesitate to contact the sole selling agents, Bielby Associates to discuss the opportunity in further detail.
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To keep your office remodeling project on track and running smoothly, you'll need to prioritize your makeover goals. From emphasizing ergonomics to improving corporate appeal, a list of attainable goals will have you on the path to design success. Today on the OfficeFurnitureDeals.com blog, we'll highlight 5 of the most important goals your business should strive to accomplish during your next project. Enjoy!
Office ergonomics and workplace comfort go hand in hand. By emphasizing ergonomics during your remodeling project, you'll ensure your space is up to date and ready to operate at peak performance levels. To make ergonomics a top priority, you'll need to research the most user friendly products and their benefits.
Monitor Arms – Increase usable desk space, reduce visual strain, and improve the rate at which users compute.
Keyboard Trays – Increase usable desk space while helping users compute at correct and healthy angles.
Sit To Stand Workstations – Promote continuous movement in the workplace while helping workers improve focus and blood flow.
CPU Holder – Easier access to your computers main power source for device charging and wire routing while simultaneously creating more usable leg space.
It's all about collaboration in 2016. Cubicles for example were once considered the industry standard for work floor remodeling. These days, they're becoming a thing of the past. Businesses are striving to improve collaboration by turning to open concept desk configurations that promote team interaction. Encouraging your colleagues to collaboration will boost morale, productivity, and much more.
Work hard to ensure you space is ready to adapt at a moments notice. In the training room, consider using mobile flip top tables with mobilized bases that can be moved and reconfigured in a flash. In your conference room, make the switch to nesting chairs that can be housed along perimeter walls when not in use. To further improve office functionality and efficiency, integrate smart storage products like wall mount hutch units that don't waste valuable floor space.
You'll no doubt want your office interiors to be versatile. If you're tackling a conference room remodeling project, go with a powered table to streamline important meetings. When selecting office chairs for your project, go with ergonomic models with user friendly adjustment features. To design a versatile office interior, you'll need to focus on blend of quality, comfort, and modular products that can be used to service a variety of purposes.
A stylish office makeover will earn your interior the compliments it deserves from valued visitors. To impress your guests, you'll need to research the latest furniture trends. This year, going gray has never been cooler. Brands like Mayline and Global Total Office have made their mark with gray wood grain laminate finish option that are skyrocketing corporate appeal. The Global Total Office Zira desk configurations and conference room tables available in 2016 are an absolute must consider.
In addition to gray furnishings, you can't go wrong with a white office chair. White seating offers a look of sophistication and class that will make your project feel luxurious. Popular white leather office chair models like the Hendrix from Woodstock Marketing are perfect for professional executive office and boardroom seating needs.
Last but certainly not least, tablet arm chairs will also help improve corporate appeal. Your guests will absolutely love the ability to work while they wait while sitting in the tablet arm reception chairs featured in your lobby. The Global Total Office Sirena tablet chair, Mayline Santa Cruz tablet chair, and OFM Triumph tablet chair are all great options for shoppers looking to incorporate this trend into their interiors.
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Royal Caribbean's Mariner of the Seas will home port in Miami beginning in June of 2018. Prior to making the shift, Mariner of the Seas, which has most recently been cruising in the Pacific, will enter dry dock for an extensive revitalization. Details regarding the ship's renovations have not been released, but the Royal Caribbean website speaks of a "Tropical Transformation" with "splashy" new features, a new selection of dining options, and a few surprises.
Norwegian Cruise Line has extended their schedule of 4-Night Cuba cruises with weekly Monday departures through December of this year. The first Norwegian Sky cruise to Cuba from Miami departs May 1, 2017. All of the cruises, through December, are available for booking now. See prices at CruiseDirect.
Norwegian Cruise Line is making plans for improvements to the line's privately-owned destinations including the development of a resort-style experience at Harvest Caye, in Belize. This private island port of call feature an exclusive beach with a lagoon for water sports, a large pool, and private cabanas.
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Robert Morris University
Tue, July 3, 2018
RMU 100 Plan
New strategic plan sets goals and benchmarks through RMU's 100th year in 2021.
Under Robert Morris University's latest strategic plan, the university will use Gallup research and powerful new technologies to boost retention and graduations rates, launch students into great careers, and continue RMU's rise as a nationally ranked, doctoral-granting university.
The RMU Board of Trustees recently approved the strategic plan, RMU 100: Strategic Plan 2018-2021, which took effect January 1 and sets goals and benchmarks for the university through its 100th anniversary in 2021. The plan also carves out a substantial role for RMU in driving economic growth in the Pittsburgh region.
"RMU 100 will propel the university into its second century. It is a bold and innovative plan that is nonetheless rooted in the university's traditional strengths," said RMU President Chris Howard. "The objectives outlined in this plan will set Robert Morris apart from its competition and ensure we are well positioned to buck the trends that have buffeted higher education."
Highlights of the goals in RMU 100 include:
Make RMU a preferred strategic partner for corporations and other employers by providing leadership development and continuous learning for the professional workforce
Use predictive analytics to improve student retention and graduation rates
Grow the university's endowment and increase alumni giving to provide more financial resources to students
Maintain its status as a nationally ranked, doctoral-granting university
Raise the university's visibility and reputation through athletics, new and enhanced facilities, and promotion of the Gallup "Big Six" experiences and career outcomes
RMU 100 reflects several initiatives that are already underway at the university, such as its partnership with Gallup to measure student and alumni success. The RMU Gallup Survey has demonstrated that Robert Morris graduates are more likely to be employed full-time, more likely to be engaged in their work, and more likely to enjoy personal well-being than other college graduates. Gallup research has tied those outcomes to six key college experiences, such as being extremely active in extracurricular activities, having an internship or job that applies what students have learned in the classroom, and working on a project that takes a semester or more to complete.
RMU also has launched the Student Success Collaborative, a partnership with the Education Advisory Board that aims to increase retention and graduation rates through predictive data analytics and highly customized academic interventions. The Student Success Collaborative includes a mobile app and web portal for undergraduate students to promote participation in campus life and student activities, and provide timely alerts and reminders to help them succeed in their coursework.
Howard said that colleges and universities must focus on retention, and should employ predictive data analytics to do so, in order to counter a worrisome trend: a declining number of recent high school graduates, particularly in Pennsylvania, where RMU recruits most of its undergraduate students. And students who graduate on time have better career outcomes and less student debt.
"Those of us who work in higher education have a fiduciary responsibility to our own institutions and a moral obligation to our communities to make sure students arrive, thrive, and graduate," said Howard.
Also underway is the university's corporate leadership development program, which RMU initiated partly in response to Inflection Point, the seminal report of the Pittsburgh region's looming workforce shortage and skills gap by the Allegheny Conference on Community Development. RMU now provides customized professional and leadership development programs to employers including the Pittsburgh Penguins, Koppers, and the Port Authority of Allegheny County.
Related initiatives at RMU include the Amazon Web Services AWS Academy and new certificate programs in advanced manufacturing to be offered later this year at the Energy Innovation Center in Uptown Pittsburgh.
"Pittsburgh has become a model of economic revitalization, and our location in the burgeoning airport corridor has become one of the university's strongest assets," said Howard. "But without a highly skilled professional workforce, the region's momentum will stall. RMU stands ready to help take Pittsburgh to the next level."
Nav - About RMU
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Home > Events > Olympics > Summer > Countries > Lithuania
Lithuania at the Olympics
Lithuania first competed as an independent nation at the Olympic Games in 1924 (they had declared independence from the Russian Empire in 1918). They also sent a team to the 1928 Olympics. After the second world war, Lithuania became part of the Soviet Union, and participated in the Olympic Games as part of the Soviet Union team from 1952 to 1988. They did not participate as an independent nation again until the 1992 Olympic Games.
From 1932 all the way to 1948, Lithuania were not seen in the Summer Games because of various political issues like in 1932 where they opted out of the Summer Olympics which was being held in Los Angeles because of their association with Russia. In 1936, they were not even invited by the host country, Germany, because of the controversy surrounding the region of Memelland / Klaipėda. In 1940, they went under the control of the USSR and in the period of 1952 all the way to 1988, 86 Lithuanian athletes competed in the Olympics under the USSR banner. In that same period, these athletes won a total of 60 Olympic medals.
However, in 1992, they made an appearance in Barcelona, Spain after winning back their independence two years before it. At this point, it became apparent that Lithuanian athletes have benefited from years of training provided when they were with the USSR because they won their first ever official Olympic gold medal when Romas Ubartas took the top spot in Men's Discus Throw. The men's national basketball team also won the bronze that year.
From that point on, Lithuania have been snatching medals in the Summer Games left and right. The story is almost the same in the Winter Games except they haven't won any medals.
Lithuania at the Winter Olympics
Russian Empire at the Olympics
List of all countries that have participated at the Olympic Games.
About sport in Lithuania
Olympics Extra
The next Olympic Games are the Winter Olympics in Beijing 2022, followed by the Summer version in Paris 2024. Check out the list of Olympic Games sports, as well as discontinued and demonstration sports.
Major Events Extra
The largest sporting event in the world is the Olympic Games, but there are many other multi-sport games. In terms of single sport events, nothing beats the FIFA World Cup. To see what's coming up, check out the calendar of major sporting events.
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Welcome to Onni-Driver driving school!
Be a safe and smiley driver on the road! Welcome to join us!
Onni-Driver is a Turku-based international driving school. We have excellent instructors who can teach driving lessons in different languages, including Finnish, English, Chinese, Albanian, and Croatian. Our aim is to make the students enjoy their learning experiences. We wish that YOU will be a safe and smiley driver on the road! Even though we are a small team, we have built our strengths over many years of practice. The secret of our strengths is to keep our students happy, encouraged, and satisfied.
Welcome to join us at Onni-Driver international driving school in Turku, Finland!
We have been running our driving school since 2009. The previous name is Ajo-opet Turku. We are the first international driving school in Turku and have had students from more than 80 different countries. We understand the needs of international students and we can effectively guide them to achieve their goals.
Our instructors are open-minded and experienced in teaching. We usually plan different learning programs according to our students' varying backgrounds. We know what are the strengths and weaknesses of various student groups and how to improve their driving skills.
You can get the best price in Finland without compromising quality teaching, easy learning, and enjoyable experience. Not only we want you to know how to drive and to pass the driving test, but also we want you to be a safe and smiley driver on the road. Enjoy your driving with us at Onni-Driver driving school in Turku.
We love our international students. Two free theory lessons for every new student! You take zero risk.
Book your free theory lesson now!
– or within max. 24 months with interest.
What do I need for the first visit?
Please take your personal ID card with you at your first visit. We will help you to apply for the driving permission in Finland. We can offer you a coupon for a discounted passport photo taking (only 9,90 euros). In July 1, 2018, No need the physical examination from the doctor.
Nothing makes us happier than seeing the smile on our student's face. Here is what our students have to say about us!
Feel free to contact us. You can call us. Or you can leave your phone number in the contact form so we can call you back.
Driving an automatic or manual car?
Choose a manual or automatic car? You do not need to make a decision before start a theory lesson. Your talent will tell you.
What's happening at Onni-Driver driving school?
– Two new cars (SEAT IBIZA 1.0 EcoTSI 115 Style) are available for YOU since Feb.2019.
– The Finnish Driving License Act for the B-class drivers' license come into effect on July 1, 2018.
– Good news is that the training and advanced stages will be removed from 1.7.2018. We are updating the services and fees based on the changes.
– New courses for the B-class drivers' license are always Monday at 5 pm.
– Onni-Driver driving school (published in 25.11.2016) is a brand new name for the first international driving school in Turku. The previous name is Ajo-opet Turku. The intention of name-changing is to focus our core services on the students with international backgrounds. Go Safe-Driving, Go Onni-Driver!!!
– We have upgraded our vehicles and simulators according to the regulatory requirements. Onni-Driver driving school is the right selection for you!
– We have an other brand AutokouluMinihinta, it is mainly for students who want to learn the theory lessons virtually. Our company is constantly evolving and growing, we will try to arrange virtual theory lessons in English in the near future.
Feel free to leave a message if you have any question.
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/**
* Injection token class
*
* @export
*/
export class InjectionToken {
constructor(public name: string) {}
public toString(): string {
return this.name;
}
}
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
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Пала́у, офіційна назва Респу́бліка Пала́у (, , ) — держава у Мікронезії, у західній частині Каролінських островів, у групі островів Палау.
Країна поставляє на світовий ринок копру і тунця, але в наші дні одержує значний дохід і від сфери туризму. Основа економіки Палау — рибальство, вирощування кокосових горіхів, батату. Тваринництво (велика рогата худоба, свині, кози). Електроенергію виробляють на електростанції потужністю 16 тис. кВт. Добре розвинуті мистецькі ремесла. Регулярне морське сполучення між островами Мікронезії та Сіднеєм (Австралія). Повітряне сполучення з Гуамом.
Етимологія
Назва островів палауською мовою, ймовірно, походить від слова beluu («село»), або від aibebelau («непрямі відповіді»), що стосується міфу про створення. «Палау» не слід плутати з «Пулау» — словом з малайської мови, що означає «острів», знайденим у декількох географічних назвах у регіоні.
Географія
Острови Палау входять до групи Каролінських островів і лежать за 890 кілометрів на схід від Філіппін, за 1330 км на південний захід від Гуаму та за 650 км на північ від Нової Гвінеї. До групи Палау входить понад 200 островів, але лише вісім з них з постійними мешканцями. Найбільший із них — о. Бабелдаоб. Інші острови — Корор, Малакал, Пелеліу, Ейл-Малк, Ангаур, Пуло-Анна, Мерір, а також острови Каянгел, острови Сонсорол і риф Нгеруангел. На півдні Палау знаходяться атоли — пласкі коралові острови кільцеподібної форми.
Природа і клімат
Лісисті північні острови вулканічного походження. Клімат екваторіальний. Середньомісячні температури 24—28 °C. Опадів приблизно 3000 мм у рік. Вічнозелені тропічні ліси. На їх родючих землях вирощують кокоси, фрукти й овочі.
Історія
Ймовірно, Палау стали першими островами на яких з'явилися поселенці у цій частині Тихого океану, люди оселилися на них багато тисячоліть тому. У 1885 році папа Лев XIII офіційно визнав за Іспанією право на Каролінські острови, включаючи Палау, у 1886 році Іспанія колонізувала острови. Іспанія продала їх Німеччині в 1898 році. Під час Першої світової війни острови захопила Японія. Під час Другої світової війни острови були захоплені американськими військами в ході Маріанської операції. З 1947 Палау у складі Мікронезії під управлінням США як підконтрольна територія. У листопаді 1993 референдум на Палау схвалив статус Палау як «вільної держави, асоційованої з США». 1 жовтня 1994 проголошена незалежність Палау (опіка США припинена).
Будучи окремим суб'єктом міжнародного права, ця країна знаходиться в асоціації зі США. Цей договір 2010 р. був продовжений.
Довкілля
У той час як на більшій частині Палау не спостерігається деградація довкілля, проблемними залишаються такі питання як «динамітне» рибальство, недосконалі споруди для видалення твердих відходів у Корорі, а також значні обсяги виїмки піску і коралів у лагуні Палау. Як і в інших тихоокеанських острівних державах, підвищення рівня моря становить серйозну екологічну загрозу. Затоплення низинних територій загрожує прибережній рослинності, сільському господарству і водопостачанню. Очищення стічних вод та переробка токсичних відходів від добрив і біоцидів також є суттєвою проблемою.
Морські крокодили зустрічаються в мангрових заростях і в деяких частинах скелястих островів. Хоча цей вид, як правило, вважається надзвичайно небезпечним, у сучасній історії Палау сталася тільки одна смертельна атака на людину, і це було в 1960-х роках. У Палау найбільший крокодил має довжину 4,5 метра.
Країна також знаходиться в зоні підвищеної сейсмічної та вулканічної активності, а також відкрита для тропічних штормів. У Палау є проблеми з водопостачанням та нестачею сільськогосподарських угідь для забезпечення продовольством населення.
5 листопада 2005 президент Томмі Ременгесау очолив регіональну екологічну ініціативу під назвою «Мікронезія», яка до 2020 року дозволить зберегти 30 % прибережних вод і 20 % лісів. Після Палау до ініціативи приєдналися Мікронезія, Маршаллові Острови, а також американські території Гуам і Північні Маріанські Острови. Разом цей об'єднаний регіон займає майже 5 % морської зони Тихого океану і 7 % його берегової лінії.
Захист природи
25 вересня 2009 року уряд Палау оголосив, що створить перший у світі заповідник для акул. Палау заборонило промисловий лов акул у водах своєї виключної економічної зони (ВЕЗ). Заповідник захищає близько 600 000 квадратних кілометрів океану, що відповідає площі Франції. Президент Джонсон Торібіонг оголосив про створення заповідника на засіданні Організації Об'єднаних Націй, він також запропонував заборонити промисел акул у всьому світі. У 2012 році Палау отримала нагороду Future Policy Award від Всесвітньої ради майбутнього, тому що «Палау є світовим лідером у захисті морських екосистем».
Адміністративний поділ
Палау адміністративно складається з 16 штатів (до 1984 року — муніципалітетів). Нижче наведений список штатів з їхньою площею і населенням (станом на 2005 рік):
Найбільші міста
Державний устрій
Палау — унітарна президентська республіка. Найвищим законодавчим органом державної влади в Палау є Національний конгрес Палау, головою держави виступає Президент Палау.
Населення
Чисельність населення — 20,9 тис. (оцінка на липень 2010). Річний приріст — 0,4 % (фертильність — 1,73 народження на жінку). Середня тривалість життя — 68 років у чоловіків, 75 років у жінок. Грамотність — 92 %.
Етнічний склад (за переписом 2005 року):
палаусці — 72,5 % (14 438 осіб)
філіппінці — 16,3 % (3253 осіб)
китайці — 1,6 % (317 осіб)
в'єтнамці — 1,6 % (321 особа)
інші азійці — 3,4 % (675 осіб)
білі — 0,9 % (186 осіб)
каролінці — 1,0 % (197 осіб)
інші мікронезійці — 2,4 % (470 осіб)
інші — 0,3 % (50 осіб).
Мови (за переписом 2005 року):
палауська (національна) — 62,1 % (12 354 особи)
англійська — 14,4 % (2871 особа)
філіппінські мови — 10,0 % (2000 осіб)
китайська — 1,7 % (331 особа)
інші мови.
Офіційні мови — палауська та англійська. В окремих штатах статус офіційних мають інші мови: в Сонсоролі — сонсорольська та англійська, в Гатогобеї — тобійська та англійська, в Ангаурі — палауська, японська та англійська.
Галерея
Примітки
Посилання
Палау //
Офіційна урядова сторінка
Современный толковый словарь — Палау
Encyclopedia Britannica — Palau
Джерела
«Австралия и Океания. Антарктида» (серия «Страны и народы» в 20 томах), Москва, «Мысль», 1981, стр. 172—178
Большой атлас мира, издание четвёртое, The Reader's Digest World Atlas, 2007, ISBN 978-5-89355-169-3, стр. 72
Мікронезія
Країни Австралії і Океанії
Острівні країни
Держави-члени ООН
Англомовні країни і території
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"To evolve and grow, and to help others do the same."
About Me I do my best to listen to my inner guidance and to speak truth, both of which are not always easy but always rewarding. I consider myself a "global citizen," which means that I view myself as being related to all humans, animals, and other living creatures.
Wild Fact About Me I'm a retired hitchhiker!
My Philosophy Be real. Be kind.
What Gives Me Hope Meeting more and more self-aware people, my kids, believe it or not--teenagers! So many of them are light years ahead of adults.
If I were Mayor, I'd make the world a better place by Change education system to encourage self knowledge and uncover kids' true passions.
What/who changed my life and why Many things! 1) Getting stuck in Europe on standby at age 16, 2) humanistic psychology class in freshman year of college, 3) Hitchhiking cross country, 4) Seat of the Soul, 5) Institute of Transpersonal Psychology 6) The Four Agreements, and...everyone and everything in my life!
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Mark McLemore, whose last day as executive director of the Murray-Calloway County Senior Center was Friday, shares a laugh with a table of patrons during his farewell party.
HAWKINS TEAGUE / Ledger & Times
Interim Senior Center Executive Director Dacia Barger, center, explains how senior employee Kim Odom, right, is dressed in black to mourn the departure of former executive director Mark McLemore, left, as Odom brings him a gift.
McLemore leaves senior center after 8 years at helm
By HAWKINS TEAGUE • [email protected]
MURRAY – After eight years as executive director, Mark McLemore is leaving the Murray-Calloway County Senior Citizens Center.
Prior to his employment at the senior center, McLemore worked for Wesley Living, a group of retirement communities. He previously worked for the organization in multiple positions, including regional manager, and he was recently hired to manage Wesley's Jackson, Tennessee facility, of which he said he was very familiar from his earlier job. McLemore's last day at the senior center was Friday, and the center held a celebration in his honor after senior patrons had gathered for lunch.
Dacia Barger, who is serving as the senior center's interim executive director until the board officially chooses a permanent replacement, talked about some of McLemore's memorable quirks, such as always saying the center staff is "making the magic happen" and finishing singing "Santa Baby" if he hears anyone hum it. Continuing that enthusiastic temperament, he was also often heard to exclaim, "Isn't it neat?" When training someone on how to handle one of his duties, he would always say he was teaching them the task "in case I get hit by a bus," and Barger said McLemore is also known as a "whistler."
"When I first started here, on my first day, he said, 'The way I see it is, I whistle, you hear me coming. If you're still doing the wrong thing when I enter the room, then you deserve what you're going to get because you heard me coming,'" Barger said.
Barger, who has worked at the senior center for five years, reflected on all the changes McLemore had overseen there, including some recent facility improvements.
"Mark has been with us for eight years, and we've been super blessed," Barger said. "He has brought the senior center to another level. I had my first meeting with the directors of several other senior centers in the area; it is amazing how healthy and vibrant and energetic and wonderful this senior center is. A lot of that has to do with his vision and his dream of taking it to the next level. Our fitness room is crazy, crazy, awesome (with) state-of-the-art equipment, and it's going to last us for many years."
Even after McLemore had made the decision to retire, he never stopped trying to get the senior center every resource it needs, Barger said.
"Let me tell you all, we went to (a recent) director's meeting, we sat at a table with all of our regulatory (administrators), all the people who are in the chairs that give us money and advocate for us in Frankfort," she said. "Mark, to his last breath walking out of that office, was advocating for us so big. He's done that for eight years, and it has showed because he's made a lot of good things happen."
"First and foremost, thank you all for giving me the opportunity to be part of your lives the last eight years," McLemore said to the gathered crowd. "I was very blessed eight years ago to walk through the doors to an organization that … was already pretty strong. (Former director) Eric Kelleher, I thought in my mind could never be replaced, and that was a hesitation I had for even wanting to come into the building and start doing things. But he said, 'You'll do fine,' and what I was able to do because of a collection of folks – the board of directors at the time and now continuing on the support they've given – but most importantly, the staff."
McLemore said that although he will be working daily in Jackson, he will continue residing in Murray since Wesley Living is providing him with a place to stay during the week so he can come home on the weekends. McLemore said he grew up in Akron, Ohio, but his family is from this area, and he attended Murray State in the 1970s. He met his wife, Linda, while they were students there and eventually married in 1978. He said he spent almost 25 years managing various Kentucky state parks before taking his first job with Wesley Living.
"I retired from the state park system about 15 years ago and relocated back here to Murray with Linda and initially I had talked with (the late) Bjarne Hanson, the former transit director, (telling him) 'All I want to do is to be a part-time bus driver,'" McLemore said. "I just wanted a little part-time retirement job, but in the 90 days it was going to take for me to go to work for them – because I was drawing state retirement and that's the same that they paid into – that's when an opportunity for me to go work for Wesley Living came up. I started as a part-time manager there and very quickly got more involved with that organization and was not just the manager in Murray, but was a regional manager for (locations in Kentucky and western Tennessee)."
McLemore said he is proud of the facility improvements and expansion of programs he has been able to implement during his time at the senior center, including an indoor pickleball court, a pool table room and a new fitness equipment room that he said rivals that of any gym. He said the center now has 12,000 square feet available for senior programs. Between Meals on Wheels and the building, the senior center serves more than 500 people every day, which he said is more than any other senior center in Kentucky.
"We've got something every senior in this community could benefit from, whether it's enjoying your lunch, exercising or participating in social events," McLemore said. "I just encourage anybody to come and visit."
One of the staff members, Kim Odom, was dressed in black to mourn McLemore's departure and said he hired and trained her a year-and-a-half ago to drive the city route for Meals on Wheels.
"He's just a remarkable man," Odom said. "He is just hands-on and he's not afraid to get his hands dirty. He's a very positive, energetic man and we are definitely going to miss him."
Mark Mclemore
Wesley Living
Kim Odom
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Young Lions FOOTBALL Weather Forecast
Current 26 °c
Young Lions Current weather report
Singapore / Seleta Singapore Payalebar Singapore
Local Time: Thu 23rd Jan 3:43 am
Wind: 11 km/h from NNE
Cloud: 0%
Today's weather is turning out to be moderate or heavy rain shower. The visibility is going to be around 10 km i.e. 6 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1010 mb . The daytime temperature is going to reach 31 °c and the temperature is going to dip to 25 °c at night. We expect around 1.7 mm of precipitation to fall and cloud covering 40% of the sky, the humidity will be around 78%.
18 km/h NNE
Tomorrow weather is forecasted to be patchy rain possible. The visibility is going to be around 10 km i.e. 6 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1010 mb. The daytime temperature is going to reach 30 °c and the temperature is going to dip to 25 °c at night. It will be mostly dry with little or no precipitation and cloud covering 37% of the sky, the humidity will be around 76%.
On Saturday weather will be partly cloudy with daytime temperature reaching 32 °c. Night time temperature are expected to be 24 °c.It will be dry with no precipitation. The visibility is going to be around 10 km i.e. 6 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1010 mb. It will be dry with no precipitation and cloud covering 29% of the sky, the humidity will be around 75%.
Sunday seems to be moderate rain at times. Young Lions, Singapore visibility is going to be around 10 km i.e. 6 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1009 mb. The daytime temperature is going to reach 33 °c and the temperature is going to dip to 25 °c at night. It will be mostly dry with little or no precipitation and cloud covering 39% of the sky, the humidity will be around 75%.
8 km/h ESE
8 km/h ENE
Moderate or heavy rain shower will be the weather pattern for the Monday. The visibility is going to be around 9 km i.e. 5 miles and an atmospheric pressure of 1009 mb. The daytime temperature is going to reach 30 °c and the temperature is going to dip to 25 °c at night. We expect around 11.8 mm of precipitation to fall and cloud covering 58% of the sky, the humidity will be around 81%.
9 km/h NNE
Weekly Weather Report for Young Lions, Singapore
Looking at the weather in Young Lions, Singapore over the next 7 days, the maximum temperature will be 33℃ (or 91℉) on Sunday 26th January at around 2 pm. In the same week the minimum temperature will be 24℃ (or 76℉) on Saturday 25th January at around 5 am.
The national weather service for Young Lions, Singapore is reporting Monday 27th January to be the wettest day in the coming week with around 7.90mm (or 0.3 inches) of rainfall. Make sure to carry an umbrella if you are out and about in Young Lions, Singapore.
The windiest of all days will be Wednesday 22nd January as wind will reach 15mph (or 23kmph) at around 2 pm.
Young Lions Weather Video
Young Lions Today, Tomorrow and next 14 day Weather Forecast
10 Day Weather Forecast Young Lions
Feb 01st
14 km/h SSE
Young Lions, Singapore Yearly Monthly Climate Weather Averages
Please also visit Young Lions Historical Weather, Weather widget and Weather Charts pages. Historical or past weather forecast page provides historical weather forecast from 1st July, 2008 till now in 3 hourly interval. Text weather page will allow you to get a weather text summary for next 14 days and weather chart page displays weather pattern like temperature, wind speed, gust, pressure, etc. in graphical mode for next 14 days. We hope you like it.
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5 G is basically a structure of cells of conjugative radio system in which one cell contains sub micro cells like Femto, Pico and Micro cells. There are two types of communications, indoor and outdoor, indoor communication uses Wi-Fi, Femto cell whereas outdoor communication uses RRH and Base station unit (BBU) and uses optical fiber communication between BBU to MSC (mobile switching center). VLC (Visible Light Communication) Frequency is (400-490 THZ). This technology uses OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) and LTE (Long term evolution), the 1st cell of Satellite and second cell of RRH (Radio Remote Heads) 3rd cell of BBU (base band units), 4th cells Bus and Train service. The distributed antennas are used to cover the service .Behind the system of antennas, MIMO (Multi input multi output) and optical fiber connected to all of the system of RRH, BBU AND PSTN System.
The 1st cell of Seattleite and second cell of BBU (base band units) and 3rd cell of RRH (Radio Remote Heads) and 4th cell is used for Bus and Train service for internet facility. The distributed antenna's covers all the four services mentioned above.
According to Shannon theory". Total system channel capacity Csum, where B (Bandwidth of ith channel) and S is(signal Power of ith cannel and N(Noise Power). To increase Csum we can increae the network coverage Via heterogeneous network with macrocel,microcell,small cells,M Femtocell, number of subchannels MIMO spatial modulation DAS,interference management and bandwidth via conjugate radio network and VLC (OPTICAL FIBER). The output is Green communication.
In 5G we use D to D communication, this communication e.g blue tooth but the range of Bluetooth is 10m ,this is not only D to D but vehicle to vehicle and vehicle to X. In this local data sharing, Relying and multi-hop communication. This communication change from cell to cell .In 5G high data rate and high efficiency is available.
A large number of antennas in the form of arrays which are connected in circular form cover the range of 360 degrees. The services of different networks are joined this network and the same services can be achieved at its output.
5G network uses a lot or a large number of Antenna's array. One of the difficulties in this system is that we have to keep its spectrum from 3GHZ TO 30GHZ cmW, 30GHZ TO 100GHZ mmW and the bandwidth 10 GHz to 60 GHz for data rate.
Services whose sources are 1…Satellite, 2. Earth station and PSTN (public source telephone network) are released in cloud which sends it to BBU (base band unit) and RRH (radio remote head) and small and macro cells. The architecture is shown below.
Following fig shows cloud and fog cloud network whereas next part of the fig represents front hual and back hual communication .Back hual encompasses PSTN network and front hual network is RRH and BBU is the slice between the two.
It defines the key features of ultra-dense 5G cellular networks, which contains ultra-high ratio of speed, ultra-low latency, and massive connectivity. New Front haul interface. RRH (Radio Remote Heads) ,BBU (Base Band unit),PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) and RLC (Radio Link Control) ,MAC (Medium Access control),PHY (Physical Layers),RF (Radio Frequency).In C-RAN all RRHS are connected to BBU via common Public Radio interface. In 5G radio IP capacity 20Gbps per sector UHD Video streaming available.
Fig 1.4- Front haul constrained Cloud Radio Access Network.
Following figure shows a comparison between 4G and 5G network. In 4G CRAN, RRH and BBU are used for air interface that is RF which lies between BBU and RRH which provides IQ data service. BBU consists of physical layer, MAC address, RLC and PDCP. Whereas in 5G radio or air interface is MAC, in the second part of this figure RLC is the radio or air interface.
The security of 5G is very important for User Company and for the system. There are different schemes used to save the system and save the system from hacker. A lot of cryptography schemes are used for security.
Some common attacks are given below.
The Physical layer of 5G not working by hackers and some software problems.
This software prohibits Mobile Processor working .It attacks Mobile hardware.
Attacks on Mobile Operator's Core Network.
DOS Attacks the coverage of the system leads to stoppage of working.
Fig 1.6 – 5G Basic Network Architecture Encryption and Decryption.
In encryption a sender sends message which is changed with a secret key then original message is called cipher and this technique is called encryption.
Also called decoding .The key enter in encryption is deleted and original message is restored, this technique is called decryption.
The encryption of message M gives the Cipher text C = Me × Mod (n).
The decryption is done by computing M = Cd × Mod (n).
1.7 – Future Uses of(C-RANS) Cloud Radio Access Network and Mobile Edge Computing in 5G through IOT (Internet of Things).
5G is working with different cells combinations. It increases data rate which is used in advanced technology. Most of the sensors are connected with the network and in advanced medical devices connected with 5G.All hospitals and important departments are connected with 5G. Some examples are given below.
Smart and Hybrid vehicles will be available in market in 2020. The control of these vehicles is V2V and D2D and it will be possible to use sensors to control all functions in Vehicle, like Google Road map and use of tracker.
The second use of 5G communication in emergency like 1122 in Pakistan, and also sends all video details with live video communication to operator . The second one is to find the Train service like (orange train) and Bus service with the help of 5G.
Using 5G technology we can drive bus with automation of advance technologies .All machinery is controlled by internet and use of robots working in factory.
With the help of 5G tickets of train can be purchased, use of internet in train. live Google Map of train stops, the arrival and departure time.
With the help of 5G one can see live CCTV Video not only but also control the People with robots and Guide the People.
All types of information available on media .one can see 10000 channels approximately.
Living style will be changed up to 100% in 2020.All cities cover through CCTV the security is much better than now. The cities are greener than RO Plants install and smart vehicles on roads. Built train working city to city. Medical city introduces in all cities. One Medical city has 10000 hospitals. We can give any types of ads in Media city.
Using 5G technology one can use sensor and robots and smart metering, we can control A.C and Fan and Heaters and etc . When we enter home all lamps get on one by one and the temperature of air adjust automatically .CCTV monitoring available on mobile phone. No need of home servant, all homework can be control by robots. Artificial intelligence monitoring and control the system of home.
LTE Data Rate 100 MBPS Range 100KM.
This protocol 31 is connected wireless devices Range frequency 1356MHZ.The Bit Coding define in below there are two type communication Active communication and passive communication.
Servers and client connect and sending resaving Data called active communication. Active communication modes define by few lines.
1-Installer sends RF collision avoidance sequence 1.1.1.
2- The Installer select transfer speed.
3- Installer send attribute request.
When the interface send request for connect server and clients. It is define in few steps.
2-Send signal to signal devices detection.
3- To check NFC Protocols in different application.
4-To install signal device detection by request.
7- Send parameter selections request.
8- Answer parameters selection request.
9-Transport data through transport protocols.
10- Installer active sequence in passive communication mode.
(RFID) Radio frequency Identifications tags and sensors make ZigBee network .ZLL (ZigBee Light Link) protocols use. Routing in ZigBee MANet Algorithm use routing protocols ZLL. ZigBee is full function Device (FDD) routing with Reduced Function Device (RFD).ZigBee plays important role in future Home automation, Smart light and traffic management.
LTE introduce by 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) to fulfill the demand of packet base mobile broadband communication, OFDM use downlink and (SC-FDMA) signal-Carrier Frequency division multiple access in use uplink. The mobile set access randomly with BTS uplink and downlink signals .In uplink physical random access channel (PRACH) establish with some coding .Problem Resaving Attenuation .This problem solve by code ducting procedure. The code ducting solve by (MAI) Multiple Access Interface. This method not solve in LTE.
(GLRT) Generalized like ratio test use in LTE. This process automatically corrects error in signal and solves coding.
Multiple frequency band provide wider bandwidth reduce inter cells improving handover save energy advance MIMO achieve high data rate. Mobile operator reduces capital and operating expenditure. Developing Heterogeneous network (Het Nets).Enhanced inter cell interface coordination (EICI) for improving performance.
Service of system not working .No program executes. System is abnormal and no command execute. Hackers attempt to block user from accessing the service. The hackers can control the server to authenticate request that have invalid return address or hackers can full control on the server by fail cryptography scheme and block all service of the server . Example The system traffic not working. Hacker can access system security and block the traffic. Ping of death is called DoS attacks. Ping flood is simple example of DoS attacks.
System is not working properly .Data is Overflow. System in abnormal condition. To put extra information in the system to overflow into memory space, corrupting or over writing in the Data. Stack overflow is example of buffer overflow. In the software that cannot be loading not run in the system. Injection attacks this is example of buffer overflow attack. The system not execution programs this attack in Web Security.
System is hack information is stolen. Cryptography use for save from hacker. This attacks in Web application where can hackers can access to hack any Website and block the website and collect all information. Sensitive data exposure any hackers can get and use your Tokens, credit card by sensitive data exposure.
This Protocol 17 is working with combination object model and communication model to connect the link and provide advance connection to connect other network.
The working with three model 1.communication model, 2 object model and 3-Architecture model 27.
The all Data send and resave in queue to remote units.
It is provide interface to connect client to the server.
Centralized and Decentralized Brokered Pub-Sub Service.
To connect the different servers through bus bar to different client to server connected bus bar.
This is communication protocols for message –oriented middleware on extensible markup language. This facilitates real near time operation. This is communication between two servers or one server and client. XMPP provide basic messaging and routing features it works on LAN. To work on XMPP use by logging a account. The Whats App is use XMPP Protocol and Google and Facebook use XMPP Protocol. Whats App use your mobile internet or WIFI use any customers paying for use WhatsApp. XMPP is open protocol use for messages and presence information in close real Time.
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Ok .. Network speed very on 3g .. 4g not good. overall ok..
Good not best. Internet speed is slow but calling no problem.
It's a good network in cities, but fails in interiors. VF should strengthen it's mobile networks in interiors villages of Goa.
Shows actual speed of the network.
198 service is totally waste. Illiterate guys in Vodafone.. Gujarat nu no 1 network making fools to people.
I have to travel a lot to the interiors of Rajasthan. Most operators don't have such coverage as Vodafone. They are courteous when contacted. And provide full information.
Great service. Really loved it. Very satisfied with service...I didn't expect the network to be so excellent.
Vodafone is an excellent option for me because I travel a lot and need a satisfactory network connection.
Average service. Noise problem while calling. No network in train and metro station.
Good network. And it is costly. on comparing other networks. The internet speed is very fast and I like it.Vodafone internet is my first choice. Bt cost wise this is my last choice.
Everything Is normal !! Nd Internet Speed Also got 1.2 Mbps Highest In Day !!
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Ринат Ахкаметдинович Башаров (; 26 июня 1942 года – 19 сентября 2007 года) — советский и российский оперный певец, преподаватель. Народный артист Республики Башкортостан (1997), лауреат премии имени Ф. И. Шаляпина (1993).
Биография
Башаров Ринат (Райнат) Ахкаметдинович родился в Перми.
В 1973 году окончил Казанскую консерваторию (педагог В. А. Лазько).
По окончании консерватории работал в Башкирском государственном театре оперы и балета, одновременно преподавал в Уфимской государственной академии искусств имени Загира Исмагилова (1974–1994).
Бывал с гастролями в Германии, Египте, Монголии, Турции.
Вокальные партии
Кончак («Князь Игорь» А. П. Бородина; дебют, 1973)
Борис Годунов (одноимённая опера М. П. Мусоргского)
Мельник («Русалка» А. С. Даргомыжского)
Мефистофель («Фауст» Ш. Гуно)
Аргынбай, Карабаш («Шаура»)
Юлай («Салават Юлаев»)
Баимбета («Нәркәс» – «Нэркэс» Х. Ф. Ахметова, 1995)
Дервиша («В ночь лунного затмения», 1996)
Награды и звания
Народный артист Республики Башкортостан (1997)
Заслуженный артист Башкирской АССР (1985)
Премия имени Ф. И. Шаляпина (1993)
Ссылки
Статья в Башкирской энциклопедии
zakon-region3.ru
Примечания
Певцы и певицы Башкирского театра оперы и балета
Преподаватели Уфимского государственного института искусств
Выпускники Казанской консерватории
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Did Kris Jenner Just Hint Khloé Kardashian And Tristan Thompson Are Having Another Baby?
"You never know around here..."
Kris Jenner has refused to rule out rumours Khloé Kardashian and Tristan Thompson are trying for another baby.
During a recent interview, Ellen Degeneres asked Kris whether more grandchildren might be on the horizon: "Khloé and Tristan are hanging out a lot, so maybe more [grandchildren] with them?"
Kris sidestepped the question, replying: "You never know around here….I never count anybody out for the count."
https://instagram.com/p/CB82gPKl4b7/
According to People, the duo are currently looking at properties in Los Angeles together: "Despite Khloé trying to keep their relationship more private, she is very much with Tristan," a source claimed.
Khloé and Tristan's relationship has weathered a few storms. Tristan's first cheating scandal occurred in 2018, two days before Khloé gave birth to their daughter, True. At the time, MailOnline published images of him getting cosy with multiple women.
https://instagram.com/p/CDUKTHHlpS9/
The couple patched up their relationship before calling it quits in February 2019, when Tristan kissed Jordyn Woods at a house party in Los Angeles.
As for how the gang feels about the end of Keeping Up With The Kardashians, Kris said: "It's so weird to think that when we started the show, there was barely Twitter and no other social media sites, no grandchildren, people weren't married or divorced."
She added: "It's amazing to think that I have the best home movies in the world."
Do you think Khloé and Tristan are expecting?
More From Khloe Kardashian
The Kardashian-Jenner Christmas Party Is Cancelled For The First Time In 42 Years
Khloe Kardashian Reveals How The Family's Christmas Eve Party Will Change This Year
Khloe Kardashian Jokes About Her 'Weekly Face Transplant' In Sassy Message
Khloe Kardashian And Tristan Thompson Threaten Legal Action After Paternity Claim
Khloe Kardashian Is Accused Of Being 'Insensitive' For A Toilet Paper Prank
Khloe Kardashian Discusses Her And Kylie Jenner's Decision To Not Breastfeed
Kim Kardashian Invited Khloe Kardashian's Ex Tristan Thompson To Dinner
Khloé Kardashian Is Reportedly Back With Tristan Thompson, For Real
Jordyn Woods Took A Lie Detector Test About The Tristan Thompson Scandal
Fans Think Khloe Kardashian Is Shading Tristan Thompson Again On Instagram
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Dallas National Golf Club is located 10 miles Southwest of Downtown Dallas. From I30, take Loop 12 South, then bear right on 408 split and exit West Illinois, heading east. Turn left on Knoxville, just past Mountain View College. Entrance to the Club is at the NW corner of the dead end.
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more than ever, you need an Edge.
We lead with integrity and commit to our clients' future well beyond their playing days.
Over the last twenty years, the Edge model has been the industry standard.
Give Yourself the Edge to Become Elite.
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Despite having Mario Fontanella sent off, Floriana managed to beat Pembroke Athleta 2-1 at the Victor Tedesco Stadium on Sunday to join Birkirkara in fourth place.
The Greens faced an early setback as Mario Fontanella was sent off by referee Alan Mario Sant for elbowing an opponent.
Floriana managed to break the deadlock on the 63rd minute when Amadou Samb served Ignacio Varela inside the area and latter beat goalkeeper Matthew Calleja Cremona.
The Greens doubled their score on the 75th minute when in a swift counter-attack, Ignacio Varela had an attempt blocked by Calleja Cremona but off the rebound, Amadou Samb placed the ball at the back of the net.
Pembroke reduced the gap one minute in stoppage time through Adrian Borg who headed the ball home following a cross by Shola Shodiya.
FLORIANA Matthew Grech, Enrico Pepe, Enzo Ruiz, Steve Pisani, Clyde Borg (46′ Amadou Samb), Ignacio Varela, Maurizio Vella (85′ Brooke Farrugia), Jurgen Pisani, Nicolas Chiesa, Mario Fontanella, Ryan Camenzuli.
Subs not used: Justin Haber, Andre Scicluna, Mattia Zarb, Alex Cini, Daniel Agius.
PEMBROKE Matthew Calleja Cremona, Zoran Levnaic, Asani Djeljilj (78′ Oleksandr Maksymov), Manolito Micallef, Paltemio Barbetti, Siraj Arab Eddin, Haruna Shola Shodiya, Jhonathan Bernardo Mariano, Borche Manevski (62′ Sunday Eboh), Adrian Borg, Owen Bugeja.
Subs not used: Craig Abdilla, Tyron Fenech, Neil Micallef, Miguel Attard, Roderick Caruana.
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Bits | Companies Move On From Big Data Technology Hadoop
Companies Move On From Big Data Technology Hadoop
By Quentin Hardy
June 15, 2015 12:30 pm June 15, 2015 12:30 pm
There is increasing evidence that Hadoop — one of the most important technologies of the past several years for big data analysis —is not keeping up with the world that created it.
On Monday, IBM, which has championed Hadoop and put it at the center of its big data strategy, announced it is working on a faster data-processing engine, called Spark.
IBM is working with a company called Databricks, which also announced the general release of its product on Monday, at a conference in San Francisco on Spark. The product was previously used by just a few customers.
Additionally, a senior executive at Cloudera, probably the largest Hadoop company, said Cloudera is prepared to see key parts of Hadoop diminish in importance, and was increasingly distributing Spark.
In the broadest terms, these shifts make sense. Hadoop is an open-source architecture that drew heavily on work published by Google in 2004, in particular two different papers on managing, processing and generating very large data sets –- the kind of stuff a company gets when it's crawling the Internet and managing billions of search queries.
Google's File System and MapReduce, the subjects of the two papers, were based on computing systems that were not organized around drawing a lot of computer memory in a short time; there just hadn't been that much data before. It did a good job, but it had inherent limitations, since it was adapting one style of computing to another.
Spark, by contrast, assumes a world where digital information comes in massive volumes from web browsers, sensors, phones and other things. Different Hadoop functions, like loading data, processing queries and mapping relationships, are built into a single model.
"Compared with MapReduce, we can give information in seconds, rather than minutes or hours," said Ion Stoica, the chief executive of Databricks, who is on leave from the University of California, Berkeley. "An industry matures when it stops drawing from the past, and creates its own ecosystem."
Spark is already used by companies including the restaurant reservations service OpenTable; Automatic Labs, which collects driving data from smartphones; and ClearStory Data, a real-time data insights company.
Does that mean old Hadoop is dead, and with it companies like Cloudera and Hortonworks? Not so fast – they may have been planning for this day.
"We're already the largest distributor of Spark in the world, including Databricks," said Mike Olson, chief strategy officer at Cloudera. "If MapReduce becomes less important in how people do big data, and it will, we will be there." Cloudera, he said, has "reset in a smart way, ahead of the others," by focusing on tools and services for other kinds of analysis besides Hadoop.
In the current technology boom, the fates of a few companies and several billion dollars in spending may not seem like all that much. The shifting nature of the way people see data, however, underscores potentially more dramatic changes ahead.
Hewlett-Packard has proposed a new kind of computing architecture that focuses on memory, as opposed to processing power, as the center of a computing system. While the company just had a big reversal in its technical plans, HP still plans to offer this kind of computing by next year.
Elon Musk Wants Your Hyperloop Ideas
Xbox One to Get 'Backward Compatibility,' Microsoft Says at E3
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Ján Čaplovič de Jeszenova (22. září 1780, Horné Príbelce - 29. května 1847, Vídeň) byl slovenský evangelický advokát, publicista a etnograf.
Životopis
Pocházel ze starého šlechtického rodu Čaplovičů z Jasenové (Csaplovics de Jeszenova; otec Jonáš Čaplovič, matka Judita rod. Szúdyová). Studoval na gymnáziu v Banské Bystrici (s podporou podžupana Juraje Radvanského), v Lučenci a v Banské Štiavnici. Od roku 1798 působil ve službách advokátů v Banské Bystrici, od roku 1799 byl notářským a podžupanským úředníkem Zvolenské župy. V letech 1805 až 1808 byl advokátem v Banské Bystrici, v letech 1808 - 1809 a 1813 byl dvorským agentem ve Vídni, od roku 1813 byl ve službách hraběte Schönborna jako správce a ředitel jeho majetků na Uherské Rusi.
Jeho mottem bylo: Slavus sum natis et educatus (Slovan jsem rodem i výchovou). Byl přívržencem pojosefínskych reformních snah v Uhersku v rámci osvícenského absolutismu. Byl protagonistou slovenského národního hnutí, stoupencem liberálního vývoje nemaďarských národností v rámci zachování Uherska.
Napsal šest obran slovenského národa proti maďarizaci, četné etnografické práce a byl spoluzakladatelem slovenské etnografie jako nezávislého vědního oboru. V etnografii ho ovlivnil zejména Montesquieu a Herderova filosofie. Je považován za pokračovatele a spolupracovníka Jána Kollára a Pavla Josefa Šafaříka. Napsal 31 knih a více než 400 článků v různých periodikách. Svým vlivem ve vídeňských politických kruzích v roce 1813 zasáhl ve prospěch Palkovičova Týdenníku, roku 1845 urychlil vydání licence pro Štúrovy Slovenské národné noviny. Byl osvícenským propagátorem progresivních postupů v zemědělství. Od roku 1814 byl členem c. k. přírodovědecké společnosti ve Vídni, od roku 1815 zahraniční přispívající člen Přírodovědecké společnosti v Halle.
Psal německy, latinsky, slovensky i maďarsky.
Ze světa odešel sebevraždou, zřejmě kvůli bolestem spojeným s těžkou nemocí.
Dílo
Slawonien und zum Theil Croatien (1819)
Slawismus und Pseudomagyarismus (Lipsko 1842 anonymně) - byla to první kniha, kterou kvůli cenzuře musel nechat vytisknout za hranicemi monarchie. Napsal ji za rekordních pět dnů. Navzdory ostražitosti uherských úřadů, které zabavily skoro celý náklad 560 kusů, zůstalo Čaplovičovi třicet exemplářů, které rozšířil mezi svými přáteli. Dílo vzbudilo ostrou reakci na maďarské politické scéně.
Gemälde von Ungarn
Slováci v Uhorsku – zkoumal měšťanskou třídu a rolníky, jako výzkum sociálních skupin v rámci urbánní etnologie, přičemž měšťanskou třídu pro něj reprezentovali řemeslníci a drobní výrobci v městečkách a vesnicích. Už v 19. století navrhoval výzkum městského prostředí. Dílo napsané ve dvacátých až třicátých letech 19. století zůstalo podobně jako jiná díla obrozenecké literatury (např. Hodžova báseň Matora) v rukopise. Vyšlo až v roce 1997 díky úsilí literárního vědce Rudolfa Brtáně, který těžko čitelný 636 stránkový rukopis přeložil z německo-latinsko-slovenského originálu do spisovné slovenštiny.
Ungarns Industrie und Cultur
Paradoxen uber das Staats-und Volksleben (Brašov, 1845)
Autor hudebních skladeb pro klasický orchestr, napsaných v mozartovského duchu, které vznikly zejména během působení v Banské Bystrici (1805 až 1808).
Odkazy
Reference
Literatura
s. 55-56
Studia Bibliographica Posoniensia 1/2007, číslo věnované J. Čaplovičovi
Externí odkazy
Plné texty děl Jána Čaploviče
Texty Jána Čaploviče v němčině
Slovenští etnografové
Slovenští publicisté
Slovenští právníci
Slovenští advokáti
Úmrtí ve Vídni
Narození v roce 1780
Úmrtí v roce 1847
Narození 22. září
Úmrtí 29. května
Muži
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"Bye Soph, see you this evening."
On November 7, 2021, it was my honor to conduct an online interview with Dr. Michael North, author of the book, Dunblane: Never Forget. During the live interview that was conducted via Zoom, Americans Against Gun Violence supporters who logged in to the event had an opportunity to ask questions of Dr. North (who prefers to be addressed by his nickname, "Mick") and to offer comments. The opportunity to speak directly with Mick is now passed, but the one hour video recording of the interview with him is now posted on YouTube and available for online viewing. You can access the video by clicking on this link.
The interview begins with Dr. North reading the title – and the subtitle – of Chapter 4 of Dunblane: Never Forget:
The Thirteenth of March
The subtitle to Chapter 4 memorializes the last words that Mick said to his five year old daughter, Sophie, as he dropped her off at the elementary school in Dunblane, Scotland, on the morning of March 13, 1996 – the last words he would ever say to Sophie during her lifetime. Later that morning, Sophie, 15 other students in her class, and their teacher were murdered, and three other teachers and 12 other students were wounded, by a man who legally owned the handguns he used to commit the mass shooting.
In the November 7 interview, Mick recounts the events of March 13, 1996, and he also explains why it was he, and not his wife, Barbara, who dropped their daughter and only child off for school that day. Mick's wife, Barbara, had died of breast cancer less than three years before Sophie was murdered.
Mick also describes in the November 7 interview how he and the other grieving Dunblane parents came to the conclusion that nothing short of a complete ban on civilian ownership of handguns(1) would suffice to prevent future tragedies on the scale of the Dunblane Primary School massacre; the obstacles they faced in getting such a ban adopted – including the British gun lobby, callous politicians, and even insensitive comments by the Queen of England – and how they eventually succeeded in getting the ban passed within less than two years of the Dunblane mass shooting.
In the November 7 interview, Mick also talks about two other matters that the late U.S. Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia and the four other justices who joined him in the Court's 2008 Heller decision felt to be critically important with regard to gun control laws, but that Mick didn't even mention in Dunblane: Never Forget – namely, the 1689 English Declaration of Rights and English common law. In the 5-4 Heller decision, the Court overturned over two centuries of legal precedent, including four prior Supreme Court opinions, in ruling for the first time in U.S. history that the Second Amendment confers an individual right to own guns unrelated to service in "a well regulated militia." The Heller majority based its opinion in large part upon the claim that the Second Amendment codifies a broad individual right to own guns that the Founders of the United States inherited from their British ancestors based upon the 1689 English Declaration of Rights and English Common Law. Mick explains in the interview that he didn't mention either the 1689 Declaration of Rights or English Common law in Dunblane: Never Forget because neither came up during the debate concerning the handgun ban. No one in Britain seriously believed that the 1689 English Declaration of Rights or English common law conferred an individual right to own guns.
In the interview, Mick also discusses events following the publication of Dunblane: Never Forget in the year 2000, including his interactions with "preeminent researchers on gun violence from across
[the United States]"(2) when he was invited, along with Rebecca Peters and Philip Alpers of Australia, to participate in a summit convened by the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health following the 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School mass shooting in Newtown, Connecticut, in which 20 first grade children were murdered along with the school principal and five other female staff members. Australia had also experienced a tragic mass shooting in 1996, and as Rebecca Peters and Philip Alpers documented in the compendium that came out of the Johns Hopkins summit, it had taken the Australian government just 13 days following the Port Arthur massacre to decide to ban civilian ownership of all automatic and semi-automatic long guns, thereby preventing any further mass shootings for more than two decades.
In the November 7 interview, Mick describes how U.S. researchers treated Rebecca, Philip, and him politely at the Johns Hopkins summit, but how they discounted the relevance of the gun control measures enacted in Britain and Australia to gun control in the United States due to what Mick calls, "the elephant in the room," the Second Amendment. As I point out during the interview, however, it's not the Second Amendment itself that is the obstacle to the adoption of definitive gun control laws in the United States, it's the Supreme Court's rogue 2008 Heller decision. Americans Against Gun Violence remains the only gun violence prevention in the United States that openly advocates overturning the Heller decision and adopting stringent gun control laws in our country comparable to the laws in Great Britain and Australia, including a complete ban on civilian ownership of all handguns and all automatic and semi-automatic long guns.
Americans Against Gun Violence, in conjunction with the Sacramento Chapter of Physicians for Social Responsibility, brought both Rebecca Peters and Philip Alpers to speak at past annual dinners. We would have brought Mick North to speak in person this year had it not been for ongoing Covid-related travel restrictions and concerns about large public gatherings at the time that we would have needed to start planning the dinner. The interview with Mick that was conducted via Zoom was arranged this year in lieu of an in person annual dinner. We still hope to bring Mick to the States to speak in person in 2022.
Our in person annual dinners have been our main fundraisers in past years. We didn't require any payment for people to log in to the live online interview with Mick North on November 7, and of course, there's no payment necessary to view the recorded video on YouTube. We would appreciate it, though, if after viewing the interview, you would become an official paid member of Americans Against Gun Violence, if you haven't already done so, and if you'd make an additional donation, if you're able, to support our ongoing work. We'd also appreciate it if you'd invite any friends, family members, and colleagues who are seriously concerned about our country's epidemic of gun violence to view the interview and to become Americans Against Gun Violence members themselves.
Finally, I'd like to strongly encourage you to read Dunblane: Never Forget, if you haven't already done so. It's one of the most powerful and inspirational books I've ever read. The hard copy of the book is out of print, and existing copies are being sold for over $800, but an electronic version can be downloaded for less than $10. After reading the book and viewing the interview with Mick North, I hope you'll join me in vowing to redouble our efforts to follow Mick's example and to prove through our actions, and not just our words, that we are also a country that loves its children more than its guns.
1. Great Britain already had a ban on civilian ownership of automatic and semi-automatic long guns, including so-called "assault rifles."
2. The term, "preeminent researchers on gun violence from across the country," was used to describe the individuals invited to participate in the Johns Hopkins summit in the introduction to the compendium that came out of the summit, Reducing Gun Violence in America: Informing Policy with Evidence and Analysis.
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Arts|Spare Times for June 22-29
https://nyti.ms/MDLZxF
Spare Times for June 22-29
By Anne Mancuso
LUMEN 2012 (Saturday) It wasn't until February that Christopher Eamon, the curator of Lumen festival on Staten Island, knew that the mountains of salt weren't going anywhere. This free festival, dedicated to video, interactive and performance art, is being held from 6 p.m. until midnight at the Atlantic Salt Company, which provides New York with road salt. This year's mild winter meant the mounds didn't budge. So Mr. Eamon and Melanie Cohn, executive director of the Council on the Arts and Humanities for Staten Island, the festival's sponsor, decided to use the 150,000 tons of salt as a canvas. The biggest mound will serve as a screen for projections — Marco Brambilla's re-creation of the lunar landing, and a neon salt digger courtesy of a Brooklyn artist, Jeanne Verdoux, who made the cut in a local open call. The others will be surrounded by performances and site-specific installations. "We're going to shape the salt in various formations and do something like a salt Zen garden," Mr. Eamon said via Skype on Tuesday.
This is the largest Lumen yet, said Ms. Cohn, with 50 artists — including the likes of Tony Oursler and Alex Prager — across an industrial site, a Poemobile (a truck that shares local poets' work) and food trucks. The setting, on the bank of Kill Van Kull tidal strait, is its own attraction: "You can see the edge of Manhattan," Ms. Cohn said, "and these huge container boats come through." She added, "There's something very dramatic about that." The festival also includes film, dance, projections on buildings, and other things that would not necessarily fit into a gallery setting. Rama Chorpash is using live fireflies to recreate what Staten Island looked like, preindustrialization. "It's such an amazing opportunity for experimentation," Mr. Eamon said. "So outside the white box." More details are available at lumenfest.org. (Melena Ryzik)
Spare Times
American Folk Art Museum: Free Music Fridays (Friday) Dave Doobinin, Nick Africano and Halle and the Jilt will perform. Visitors can also view the exhibition "Jubiliation/Rumination: Life, Real and Imagined." Starting at 5:30 p.m., American Folk Art Museum, 2 Lincoln Square, Columbus Avenue, at 66th Street, (212) 595-9533, folkartmuseum.org; free.
El Museo del Barrio: Walking Tour (Saturdays) This weekly tour of East Harlem will cover the culture and daily life of the neighborhood, meeting at the museum at 11:30 a.m. (through July 28). 1230 Fifth Avenue, at 104th Street, East Harlem, (212) 831-7272, elmuseo.org; $9.
Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum (Friday through Sunday, Tuesday through Thursday) Sometimes looking at ships or standing on ships isn't enough; you have to hold one in your hand. For those nautical souls who love model ships and want to see how they are put together, including those encapsulated in bottles, the exhibition "Ship-Shape: Nautical Scale Models" is for you. Among the models on display is one of the U.S.S. Constitution, the oldest commissioned vessel still afloat. (It was launched in 1797.) Also on view is "Women in Aviation: World War II," a special exhibition in honor of women who have served the nation. Both displays are on view through July 8. Pier 86, 46th Street and 12th Avenue, Clinton, (877) 957-7447, intrepidmuseum.org; museum admission ranges from $12 to $24 (free for active and retired military members and children under 3). Tuesdays through Fridays, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.; Saturdays and Sundays are 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.
Museum of the City of New York: 'Booms, Bubbles and Busts: Spectacular Moments in New York Banking History' (Monday) A discussion on the history of the stock market with writers and others including Steve Fraser, author of "Every Man a Speculator: A History of Wall Street in American Life"; Barry Ritholtz, author of "Bailout Nation: How Greed and Easy Money Corrupted Wall Street and Shook the World Economy"; and Robert E. Wright, a professor at Augustana College in Sioux Falls, S.D.; the moderator will be Mark Gongloff, the chief financial writer for The Huffington Post. At 6:30 p.m., Fifth Avenue, at 103rd Street, (917) 492-3395, mcny.org; $12, $8 for students and 65+, $6 for members.
New York Society Library: 'Edith Wharton's New York City: A Backward Glance' (through Dec. 31) This exhibition, a celebration of the 150th anniversary of the writer's birth (her actual birth date is Jan. 24), includes family photographs, books and ledgers documenting the book-borrowing habits of her father, George Frederic Jones. Mondays, Wednesdays, Fridays and Saturdays, 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.; Tuesdays and Thursdays, 9 a.m. to 7 p.m.; and Sundays, 1 to 5 p.m., 53 East 79th Street, Manhattan, (212) 288-6900, nysoclib.org; free.
New York Transit Museum: 'ElectriCity: Powering New York's Rails' (continuing) A historical display of items from the museum collection, including switches and circuit breakers, that illustrates how electricity powers the subway system. Tuesdays through Fridays from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. and Saturdays and Sundays from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m. Boerum Place and Schermerhorn Street, Boerum Hill, Brooklyn, (718) 694-1600, mta.info/mta/museum; $7; $5 for those ages 2 to 17 and 62+; free for members and for 62+ on Wednesdays.
New-York Historical Society: 'Beer Here: Brewing New York's History' (Saturday) In conjunction with a summer exhibition on the local history of beer, "Beer Here: Brewing New York's History," the New-York Historical Society will host half-hour beer tastings on most Saturday afternoons at 2 and 4 p.m. (Tastings run through Aug. 25, exhibition runs through Sept. 2.) 170 Central Park West, at 77th Street, (212) 873-3400, nyhistory.org; $35, $20 for members. $150 for a package of six separate tastings, $100 for members.
Uptown Festival of New Plays (Friday through Sunday) This playwright festival, hosted by Morris-Jumel Mansion in partnership with the People's Theater Project, will showcase works in progress inspired by the Washington Heights neighborhood: "Waiting for the 'D' " on Friday, "On the 1 Train" on Saturday, and "The Juxtaposition of Gladys Ricart" on Sunday. Performances are followed by a discussion with the playwright, director and actors. Performances on Friday and Saturday at 7:30 p.m., Sunday at 2 p.m., followed by a closing garden party at 4:30 p.m., Morris-Jumel Mansion, 65 Jumel Terrace, at Sylvan Terrace, Washington Heights, (212) 923-8008, morrisjumel.org; pay what you can.
Avenue of the Americas Summerfest (Saturday) From 10 a.m. to 6 p.m., between 34th and 42nd Streets. Sponsored by the Church of St. John the Baptist.
Bleecker Street Merchants and Residents Association Street Fair (Saturday) 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. on Bleecker Street, between Avenue of the Americas and Broadway.
Aaron Burr Exhibition (through July 28) While Aaron Burr is usually remembered as the man who killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel in 1804, he was also a highly regarded Revolutionary War hero, lawyer and politician. Those aspects of his life — along with his prominence as the third vice president of the United States and a senator from New York — are the focus of this free exhibition of books, letters, manuscripts and art. Monday through Saturday, 10 a.m. to 5 p.m., 47 East 60th Street, Manhattan, (212) 838-6690, grolierclub.org; free.
Center for Jewish History: 'Destination Shanghai: The Jewish Community of Shanghai, 1936-1949' (Friday through Sept. 21) This exhibition brings together rare archival documents, photographs and artwork pertaining to a period of migration of almost 20,000 German and Austrian Jews to Shanghai from 1936 to 1941 before leaving China by 1949. Sunday from 11 a.m. to 5 p.m., Mondays and Wednesdays from 9:30 a.m. to 8 p.m., Tuesdays and Thursdays from 9:30 a.m. to 5 p.m., and Fridays from 9:30 a.m. to 3 p.m., Center for Jewish History, 15 West 16th Street, Flatiron district, (212) 294-8301, cjh.org; free.
Community Board No. 6 Street Fair (Friday) 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. on 43rd Street, between Third and Lexington Avenues.
Delta Dugout (Friday through Sunday) The setting will be indoors at Grand Central Terminal, but a lot of the action featured at this annual baseball event will be taking place outdoors at Citi Field in Queens. Visitors to the terminal can view the subway series between the Mets and the Yankees on screens set up at the station, and take part in activities that include trivia contests, batting games and discussions with players and coaches. The free event is sponsored by Delta Air Lines. Friday from 7 a.m. to 10:10 p.m.; Saturday from 11 a.m. to 10:15 p.m.; Sunday from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Vanderbilt Hall, Grand Central Terminal, grandcentralterminal.com.
International Immigrants Parade (Saturday) The parade will set off at noon on Avenue of the Americas, between 43rd and 56th Streets.
Mermaid Parade and Ball (Saturday) The mermaids and mermen will gather for the 30th edition of this salute to summer on Coney Island. Guest participants include the actress Annabella Sciorra as the Queen Mermaid and the comedian Jackie Martling as King Neptune. The parade sets off at 2 p.m. at West 21st Street and Surf Avenue and continues to the Boardwalk and West 15th Street. An after party for those 21 and older, with music, comedy and burlesque, runs from 7 p.m. to 12:30 a.m. at the New York Aquarium, Surf Avenue and West Eighth Street; tickets are $30 or $75 (which includes drinks and food); otherwise there will be a cash bar and food for sale. Sponsored by Coney Island USA. coneyisland.com.
New Haarlem Arts Theater: 'Ma Rainey's Black Bottom' (Friday through July 8) This play, written by August Wilson and directed by Eugene Nesmith, explores the blues and race relations in America. Friday, Saturday and Thursday at 7 p.m., Saturday and Sunday a 2 p.m., Aaron Davis Hall, Theater B, 135th Street and Convent Avenue, Harlem, (212) 868-4444, newhaarlemartstheatre.org; $30, $25 for 60+, $15 for students, $10 with CUNY ID.
New York Public Library for the Performing Arts: Titanic Concert and Noël Coward (Friday and Saturday, and Monday through Thursday) "All Hands on Deck: Remembering the Titanic (1912-2012)," an exhibition of sheet music, photographs and other items associated with the ship and its voyage, commemorates the 100th anniversary of the sinking of the ship; it remains on view through Sept. 3. Also on display is "Star Quality: The World of Noël Coward," a multimedia tribute with manuscripts, paintings, set and costume designs and personal items, including photographs and images of Coward. The exhibition is up through Aug. 18. Mondays and Thursdays, noon to 8 p.m., and Tuesdays, Wednesdays, Fridays and Saturdays, noon to 6 p.m. New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, 111 Amsterdam Avenue, at 65th Street, Lincoln Center, (917) 275-6975, nypl.org/lpa; free.
NYC Pride Events (Saturday and Sunday) This annual celebration of gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender pride takes to the streets and piers this weekend with music, dancing and a procession. Two dances — one for men and the other for women — will take place at Pier 57, 15th Street and the West Side Highway. The "Rapture on the River" for women takes place Saturday from 4 to 11 p.m., and the "Dance on the Pier" for men is on Sunday from 5 p.m. to 2 a.m. Tickets for Saturday are $25 in advance, $35 at the gate or $75, which includes the after party; Sunday's is $90 or $165 for V.I.P. admission. On Sunday the NYC LGBT Pride March will begin at noon at Fifth Avenue and 36th Street and head south to Christopher and Greenwich Streets. Already under way will be the street celebration known as Pridefest, which will run from 11 a.m. to 6 p.m. on Hudson Street, between Abingdon Square and West 14th Street. Details for all events can be found at nycpride.org.
Photoville (Friday through Sunday) Shipping containers function as gallery space for this photography exhibition in Brooklyn Bridge Park. Sponsored by United Photo Industries, this exhibition, which runs for the next two weekends, features works by photographers from the around the world, as well as panel discussions, workshops and other activities. It is all free and runs rain or shine on Friday from 4 to 10 p.m.; Saturday from 11 a.m. to 10 p.m.; Sunday from 11 a.m. to 7 p.m. (Also Thursday through June 30.) photovillenyc.org.
'Political Subversities: Global Warm THIS!' (Saturday) Members of the People's Improv Theater have put together this revue of skits lampooning politics and popular culture. The show will run Saturdays at 9:30 p.m. People's Improv Theater, 123 East 24th Street, Manhattan, (212) 563-7488, thepit-nyc.com; $15.
River to River Festival (Sunday through Thursday) This free monthlong cultural festival in Lower Manhattan will feature concerts, art and family activities. This weekend the choreographer Sylvain Émard will lead an interactive performance, "Le Grand Continental," on Pier 16. Dancers and nondancers of all ages will perform a blend of line dancing and contemporary dance. Each performance is followed by a dance party on Pier 17. Presented by the Joyce Theater and River to River Festival. A full schedule of festival events is at rivertorivernyc.com. Friday and Saturday at 7 p.m., Sunday at 2 p.m., Pier 16 and 17, South Street Seaport, Fulton and Front Streets, Lower Manhattan, (212) 219-9401; free.
Times Square Block Party (Sunday) 10 a.m. to 6 p.m., on 46th Street, between Broadway and Eighth Avenue. Sponsored by the Church of Scientology.
Tropfest New York (Saturday) Films by three New Yorkers will be among the works being screened during Tropfest New York, a short film festival and competition that will take place in Bryant Park. Eight shorts will be screened during the festival, which will begin with music at 3 p.m. The screenings begin at 8 p.m. The festival is modeled after the first Tropfest that was held 20 years ago in Sydney, Australia. The judges include the actors Rose Byrne ("Bridesmaids"), Judah Friedlander ("30 Rock") and Jennifer Westfeldt ("Friends With Kids"), as well as Scott Foundas, a film critic and associate director of programming at the Film Society of Lincoln Center; the actor Hugh Jackman is the host. For more details visit tropfest.com.
Kevin Kline and Dianne Wiest in Benefit Reading (Monday) The two actors will take part in a staged reading of "I Take Your Hand in Mine...," a play by Carol Rocamora based on the love letters of Anton Chekhov and Olga Knipper. Tickets are $125; proceeds will benefit the Acting Company. At 7 p.m., Kaye Playhouse, Hunter College, 68th Street, between Lexington and Park Avenues, (800) 838-3006, (212) 258-3111, brownpapertickets.com.
Theater at the Actors' Temple (Sunday) Two veteran television actors, Larry Storch ("F Troop") and Marie Wallace ("Dark Shadows") will appear in A.R. Gurney's two-character play "Love Letters." At 7 p.m., Actor's Temple, 339 West 47th Street, Clinton, (212) 245-6975, theactorstemple.org; $25 in advance, $30 at the door, $20 for students.
'Morrisania: From Suburbia to the Grand Concourse' (Sunday) This two-mile walk in the Bronx, sponsored by the Municipal Art Society, will focus on the redevelopment of the neighborhoods of Mott Haven, Melrose and Morrisania. It begins at 10 a.m., (212) 935-2075, mas.org/tours; $20. The meeting place will be given with reservations.
Flatiron District Walking Tour (Sundays) A free tour of the Flatiron district will meet at 11 a.m. on the southwest corner of Madison Square Park, at 23rd Street and Broadway, in front of the William Seward Statue. Sponsored by the Flatiron/23rd Street Partnership; discoverflatiron.org; free.
Fort Greene, Brooklyn and a Greenwich Village Tour (Saturday) Both of these tours, led by Big Onion Walking Tours, focus on the social histories of these two areas. The Brooklyn walk, at 11 a.m., will touch on the lives of the writers Marianne Moore and Richard Wright, as well as the neighborhood's connection to the Underground Railroad; it will meet on the southeast corner of Lafayette and Flatbush Avenues. The history of the gay and lesbian residents of the Village, in the days before the Stonewall Rebellion, is the focus of a walk meeting at 2 p.m. on the northeast corner of Fifth Avenue and Washington Square North. (888) 606-9255, bigonion.com; each tour is $18, $15 for 63+ and students.
Manhattan During the War of 1812, the Revolution and Civil War (Saturday and Sunday) Sponsored by NYC Discovery Tours, this Lower Manhattan tour stops at sites associated with noted individuals, including Abraham Lincoln and George Washington, and events like the Draft Riots of 1863. It meets on Saturday at 11:45 a.m. and Sunday at 2:45 p.m., (212) 465-3331; $20. The meeting place with be given with reservations.
New York's Lost Eden (Saturday and Sunday) In colonial days the Collect Pond was the main water supply serving Manhattan. This tour, led by In Depth Walking Tours, will focus on its location and why it disappeared. The meeting time is 11 a.m., at the northwest corner of Lafayette and Canal Streets, (917) 607-9019, indepthwalkingtours.com; $20, $15 for 65+.
Old Astoria Village (Saturday) A walking tour of this old Queens neighborhood, sponsored by the Greater Astoria Historical Society, will meet at the entrance of Socrates Sculpture Park at 11 a.m., 32-01 Vernon Boulevard, Long Island City, Queens, (718) 278-0700, astorialic.org; $15, $10 for members.
Spanish Harlem Salsa Tour (daily) This tour focuses on the neighborhood's cultural roots and includes stops at botanicas and the homes of noted musicians. Led by Jose Obando, an ethnomusicologist, the tour meets at 10 a.m. and 6 p.m. on the southwest corner of Fifth Avenue and 110th Street; $25; reservations, [email protected].
'Union Square: Crossroads of New York' (Saturday) A tour focusing on the area's political history meets at 2 p.m. by the statue of Lincoln in Union Square Park, near the 16th Street transverse. Sponsored by the Union Square Partnership. (212) 517-1826, unionsquarenyc.org; free.
Arthritis Walk (Saturday) This 10th annual fund-raising walk will again consist of two routes — walks of one and three miles — with both beginning and ending at Battery Park. Start time is 10 a.m.; registration begins at 8:30 a.m. Sponsored by the Arthritis Foundation. newyorkaw.kintera.org.
Bicycle Tour of Woodlawn Cemetery (Sunday) Riders can learn about the history of this Bronx cemetery and the noted people who are buried there on this tour led by the Friends of Woodlawn Cemetery. It will meet at 10 a.m. at the Jerome Avenue entrance, near Bainbridge Avenue. (718) 920-1469, thewoodlawncemetery.org; $15, $10 for students and members. ANNE MANCUSO
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
Review – Alien Swarm: Two can play that game!
Posted on July 26, 2010 by BangClickReload
With the free release of Valve's Alien Swarm over a week ago, and after many hours spent playing online, BcR bring you a joint discussion about our time with the game and a review of just what makes this game so great. Apart from the fact that it's free, of course!
So, Alien Swarm. It showed up rather suddenly, didn't it?
Paul:
Yeah. In all honesty I'd never even heard of the original Unreal Tournament mod, so it wasn't really any exciting news to me.
Until you learned Valve were behind it, right? The original UT2004 mod was excellent, and it's good to know that modders out there do get noticed by bigger companies – Valve bought these guys out 2 years ago and have had them secretly working on this remake ever since. Then they go and release it for free…
It was certainly a surprise to see a company like Valve – who haven't made a single disappointing game to date – release something almost as impressive as Left 4 Dead completely for free. It kind of makes you wonder why they even paid the original Alien Swarm modders to join them if they weren't even going to make any obvious profit out of it… Perhaps we're going to see some purchasable DLC.
It'd be cheeky (and risky, considering the fickle nature of Valve's fans – bloody L4D2 boycott craziness) if they tried charging for DLC content to a free game, but it's possible. At the very least we'll see some new campaigns made by other modders. I hope so anyway, the game comes with one very polished campaign, but its short – if we were better, we'd have beaten it within 2 or 3 hours, but we struggled with just the 2 of us didn't we? It was definitely made to be played with 4 players, and its superb when you do.
Brother's in arms...
I completely agree with you about the 4 player coop. Just like L4D, the game is meant to be enjoyed with other human beings, rather than useless AI teammates. However, despite facing extreme odds while playing it with only the two of us, I still found it really fun, and not to mention scarier than usual. Playing with a team of 4 really squeezes the most out of the game's potential, especially when you have all four soldier classes in the mix – but something about playing with a team of 2 made those desperate moments of survival feel so much more heroic. Fighting back to back against hordes of giant bugs and coming out of it only just barely alive felt awesome, even though it left us at a supreme loss when I accidentally threw my only weapon over the side of the cargo lift during the lift-descent scene.
Yeah you screwed that up big time. But you're right, it makes for more panic-stricken desperation when things go wrong, and when theres only 2 of you, the tension is even higher. We had a pretty good medic/tech combo going – I can't think of another game that lets you be a medic armed with a flamethrower, hehe.
Paul: We definitely hit the weapon combination nail on the head about halfway through the campaign; my character wielding the prototype assault rifle, automated sentry gun, and door welder, and yours with a flamethrower/healing gun combo. Your's was particularly handy considering you had a tendency to spin in circles while spraying streams of fire, setting fire to anything and everything around you. The winning combination did have to change eventually though when it became abundantly clear we were burning through far too much ammo far too quickly. It was a shame to say goodbye to that extremely useful sentry gun, but boxes of spare ammo worked out for us a whole lot better in the end.
With only 2 people, a medic is essential.
I do love how much stuff there is to unlock, and in typical Valve fashion, it all feels very balanced. You unlock more weapons the more you play, and each one requires a slightly different tactic to utilise. This means the game gets more varied the more you play, but never easier (aside from the fact you start to learn the enemy's attack patterns and spawn locations). Gotta mention the graphics, it's easy to forget this is the Source engine, and it's never looked better.
The graphics and lighting effects in this game are certainly beautiful in certain places, and I did have to stop a number of times just to admire some of the gorgeous visuals dotted around the maps. But I haven't played too many games that I felt have the same fantastic unique look and feel to them as Half-Life 2, and to be honest I don't think Alien Swarm is nearly quite as impressive a game – which is explainable by the lack of an immersive storyline or any real character interaction – but you can definitely see the best elements of the Source engine at work here. I do kind of perceive it as L4D masquerading as a top-down arcade shooter though, but I can't deny that it's a game full to the brim with its own charm and exciting moments, and considering it's free, I have no real complaints at all.
Yeah you wouldn't play Alien Swarm for the fairly rudimentary story – you play it because its another brilliant example of how 4-player co-op can make a good game great, and because its bloody free. Best free game ever? Who cares, really, but there's no excuse not to try it. It's the perfect game to re-enact the infamous standoff scene in Aliens, too.
"Do you hear something..."
That's probably the most enjoyable part of the game for me. Aliens is the bestest, most favouritest film I've ever seen, and Alien Swarm dispenses homage after homage throughout the whole thing, which to me is like the best thing ever, after cake. From the movement-tracking autocannons (reminiscent of the Colonial Marine's Smart Rifles) and the automatic sentry guns defending the corridors from a brutal onslaught of bloodthirsty creatures, to the giant slimy eggs that release Facehugger Esc creatures to infect and devour your brain, there is nothing about the content of this game that doesn't make me think of Ripley, Hicks and the rest of the gang, toasting Xenomorphs at every angle whilst fearful for their lives. All we need now is for somebody to take it one step further and actually create a campaign exactly like the movie.
That would be pretty awesome. And damn those fecking parasites – the bane of my medic-life. If a teammate gets infested, you can wave goodbye to any spare medical supplies you might have been saving up for the big boss fight. They're the single most scary enemy in the game, and can wipe out your entire team in a matter of seconds. And the noise they make, cripes – the sound design throughout is really brutal, but in particular when you get infested, or if a teammate shoots you, you can really feel every painful bite or bullet from the sound effects. You shoot me a lot.
"Argh, my spleen!"
It's rather difficult to keep the gunfire away from your team mates when you're surrounded by aliens and the only way to break free is to either use your superiour kung-fu moves or spray your weapon in every direction until the last bastard alien explodes into a green mist. Casualties will ensue, but it's better than total death. You can talk, by the way, considering you – on at least one occasion – attempted to 'heal' me with your flamethrower. And no, forgetting which weapon you have equipped is not an acceptable excuse for a friendly blast of liquid fire to the face, and would likely be frowned upon in a real-life combat situation…
You were in the way. It's a testament to how well thought-out this game is anyway, when you can set your friends on fire, but have a handy fire extinguisher at your fingertips as the secondary fire mode. Alien Swarm is a very polished game, and one that, with a few more campaigns at least, would easily be worth paying full price for. I have a heap of games I paid good money for, but they've been overshadowed by this awesome little surprise that came out of nowhere to take over the majority of my weekend. Valve know how to spoil us.
It's most definitely a hats off to Valve for this one. What other company would ever release a brand-new game of this calibre for the cost of nothing? I'm sure there are some out there I haven't heard of, maybe, but for a company like Valve who could have easily sold this game for even a few pounds per head and made a million out of it alone, it really speaks volumes just how much they appreciate their fans, and the lengths they are willing to go to just to keep us happy. Valve, all my loyalties are belong to you!
This entry was posted in Game Reviews and tagged alien swarm, free, joint review, PC. Bookmark the permalink.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
We found this cute, cute little alligator celebrating his birthday and knew we just had to put him to use for us! He was so excited to help other little boys celebrate their birthdays!
The outfit is available as a John John, longall or white short sleeve shirt with shorts. The John John and longall are made from your choice of gingham or seersucker fabric. The shorts are also made of the fabric you choose but are accented with a fabric cuff to match the color scheme of the alligator.
On the front of the shirt/outfit, we applique Mr. Alligator with his birthday hat and balloon wrapped around his tail. Your little one's birthday number/age is embroidered in the balloon. Mr. Alligator is monogrammed with your little one's name.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Terror News
Lists of Terror Attacks
Muslim Apologist Games
Muslim Apologists – "If Islam Were a Violent Religion, then All Muslims Would be Violent"
Politics & Terror
UK Home Office Knew About Rotherham Muslim Child Sex Grooming Gangs Since 2002, Police Failed to Stop them over Fear of "Racist" Label,
Muslim Made Wife to Sleep with Mosque Cleric For 3 Days So His Business Succeed
Sweden Awards Permanent Residency to Misogynist Somali Rapist Despite Being Convicted of Rape and Numerous Sexual Offences
Germany: 14-Year-Old German Girl Killed by Iraqi 'Asylum Seeker'
India: Sikh Girl Converted to Islam and Married to a Muslim, 7 Injured in Stone Pelting and Shooting by Muslims
Sweden: Stockholm Metro Rail Marks Stations as 'No-Go' Zones For Personnel
Detained 'Suicide bomber' claims she's one of girls kidnapped by Boko Haram
YAOUNDE: A suspected bomber intercepted in northern Cameroon on Friday before she could blow herself up claimed to be one of 219 schoolgirls kidnapped by Boko Haram in the Nigerian town of Chibok in 2014, military and local government sources said.
Two girls carrying explosives were stopped by local self-defence forces in the village of Limani, in an area of northern Cameroon that has been the target of frequent suicide bombings in recent months.
They were then handed over to Cameroonian soldiers belonging to a multi-national force set up to take on Boko Haram.
In a high-profile attack that sparked a global outcry, Boko Haram militants raided the school in April 2014 while the girls were taking exams. They loaded 270 of them onto trucks, though around 50 escaped shortly afterwards.
"One of them indeed declared that she is one of the Chibok hostages. She is around 15. We are now verifying, because on the Nigerian side they have the names and photos of these girls," said local government administrator Raymond Roksdo.
Two military sources also confirmed that the girl had claimed to have been one of the Chibok abductees.
"We need a few days to be able to confirm this information. We have to debrief all the men who were present and interrogate the two girls before we can say anything," one of the sources said.
Former Nigerian president Goodluck Jonathan was criticised for his slow reaction to the Chibok abductions, seen by many as indicative of his response to Boko Haram, which at its strongest held large swathes of north-eastern Nigeria.
It was nearly a month before a fact-finding committee travelled to Chibok to establish whether the abduction actually happened and how many girls were missing.
Muhammadu Buhari, who defeated Jonathan in an election last year, ordered a new investigation into the kidnappings in January.
Joint operations between Nigeria and its neighbours Niger, Chad and Cameroon succeeded in driving Boko Haram from many of its strongholds in Nigeria last year.
However, as an 8,700-strong regional task force seeks to stamp them out once and for all, the militants have stepped up cross-border attacks and suicide bombings, many of them carried out by young girls.
TagsAfrica Boko Haram Islamic Terror Jihad Suicide Bomber Terror News
Ahmadis in Pakistan Denied Right to Vote
Christians forced to convert to Islam in Gaza
Germany: Sharia Police with Islamic State logo patrolling in Hamburg after wave of refugees
70 years-old Hindu priest butchered by 'Islamist militants' in Bangladesh – These brutal details will shock you
Pakistan Honour Killing: Mother pregnant with her second child has her throat slit by her family because they disapproved of her husband
French Muslims call anti-Semitism letter an attack on Islam
Dutch Mosque: We Converted Holocaust Survivor Jews to Islam
Bangladesh Child Marriage: 52% of brides are under 18, 18% under 15
Somalia: US military launches second strike in a month on terrorist targets
23 Al-Shabaab militants killed in Somalia
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
I am simple, honest and friendly. I am slim and tall. I am caring and full of life and energy. I love to be with someone I love. I love to play video games, I love to watch movies when I am free. I love singing. I love sports and exercise, it helps me keep my body in shape I do not smoke, I drink ocassionally.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
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LA FAMILIA MICHOACANA
ALEJANDRO FLORES CACHO
LIBERTADORES DEL VICHADA
Home ᐳ The Organization ᐳ Key Arrests and Police Budget Increases Due to InSight Crime Investigations
Key Arrests and Police Budget Increases Due to InSight Crime Investigations
MEMO FANTASMA / 8 JUL 2021 BY INSIGHT CRIME EN
The two-year investigation into the elusive criminal nicknamed Memo Fantasma, published in March 2020, was the most widely read in InSight Crime's history and was rewarded with the prestigious Simón Bolívar national journalism prize in Colombia.
Now, with Memo Fantasma's arrest on June 25, InSight Crime has proven something more tangible: Our investigations, when carried out with patience and dedication, can and will uncover major criminal threats in the Americas. Publications from around the world profiled how Colombia's investigators built on our report to isolate and capture Memo Fantasma. We look forward to working with our partners, supporters and donors to complete more such investigations in the future.
Donate to support independent journalism >
And in late 2020, InSight Crime delivered a detailed report on the threats posed by Latin American organized crime groups to the Kingdom of the Netherlands, such as major cocaine flows entering the country through the Port of Rotterdam and a number of criminal economies present in the Dutch Caribbean.
This week, the Dutch government announced it would increase funds for law enforcement in Curaçao, Aruba and Sint Maarten as part of a strategy to improve investigation of organized crime between 2020 and 2023. In a letter to the Dutch House of Representatives, the government explained that this decision was partially based on InSight Crime's recommendations.
MEMO FANTASMA
Colombian Prosecutors Dismiss Memo Fantasma Libel Case Against InSight Crime Director
COLOMBIA / 14 DEC 2021
Prosecutors in Colombia have dismissed a criminal libel case filed by accused paramilitary drug lord Guillermo León Acevedo Giraldo, alias…
The Future of the Cocaine Trade to Europe
COCAINE / 9 FEB 2021
The flow of cocaine to Europe may have suffered along with most licit businesses due to COVID-19.
Video: How Memo Fantasma Was Discovered
After three decades of living in the shadows, Guillermo Acevedo has been caught. Our Co-director, Jeremy McDermott reveals how it…
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
namespace King.Service.Tests.Unit.Data
{
using King.Service.Data;
using NUnit.Framework;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
[TestFixture]
public class QueueActionTests
{
[Test]
public void Constructor()
{
new QueueAction<object>();
}
[Test]
public void IsQueueSetup()
{
Assert.IsNotNull(new QueueAction<object>() as QueueSetup<object>);
}
[Test]
public void Activity()
{
var expected = new QueueActivity<object>(async (obj) => { return await Task.FromResult<bool>(true); });
var qc = new QueueAction<object>()
{
Activity = expected,
};
Assert.AreEqual(expected, qc.Activity);
}
[Test]
public void Processor()
{
var expected = new QueueActivity<object>(async (obj) => { return await Task.FromResult<bool>(true); });
var qc = new QueueAction<object>()
{
Activity = expected,
};
Assert.IsNotNull(qc.Processor);
}
[Test]
public void ProcessorValue()
{
var expected = new QueueActivity<object>(async (obj) => { return await Task.FromResult<bool>(true); });
var qc = new QueueAction<object>()
{
Activity = expected,
};
Assert.IsNotNull(qc.Processor() as ActionProcessor<object>);
}
}
}
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
}
|
Each of the staff members at Dennis Toll Funeral Home Limited is committed to providing your family with the finest in personal care. In fact, for years, it's been comforting for area families to know that we are available to help at any time of the day or night.
Dennis Toll has been a licensed funeral director since 1975. He has worked with some of the finest funeral directors in the province through his career. Apprenticing in St. Catharines with Wes Kee, Dennis gained valuable knowledge before spending five years as a director at Morse & Son Funeral Home in Niagara Falls. In 1981 Dennis met the late Gordon Glaves at a professional gathering in Toronto. Gordon immediately approached Dennis and asked him to join the staff of the growing Beckett-Glaves Funeral Home in Brantford. Dennis stayed with Beckett-Glaves and Hill & Robinson until the untimely death of Gordon in the fall of 1991. Dennis left Beckett-Glaves in April of 1994, assisting Rudy Kopriva of Oakville and Paul Dermody of Hamilton eventually opening the Dennis Toll Funeral Home in 1996.
Dennis has served professionally as a past president of the Niagara District Funeral Directors, and has held varied positions with the Ontario Funeral Service Association. In Brantford Dennis is a past chairman of the Lansdowne Children's Centre, a twenty-two year member of the Rotary Club of Brantford having served as a director of the club for three terms, a former board member of Big Brothers, and of the Brantford General Hospital Foundation. He is most proud of his supportive family, his wife of 40 years, Cindy who helps at the funeral home, and their three sons, Michael, Mark and Matthew. The funeral profession demands long difficult hours and dedication, without the support of his family Dennis could not have accomplished any of these tasks.
After spending many years in the home at the important job of raising their three sons, Cindy returned to the work force. She joined the Grand Erie District School Board as a secretary, serving at Riverview School and then Brier Park School. In 2001 she took some time from that job to more fully assist Dennis at the funeral home. "The families we serve seem to like the feeling of family that comes from our working together," says Cindy. "Knowing that their family is being served in a caring family atmosphere is a positive. Dennis and I can often times get to know the needs of each family member on a one to one basis. I have always believed that family comes first, we are in the unique position of working together to allow the people we serve to achieve their needs at this important time in their families life."
Gary is a lifelong resident of Brantford. He first approached Dennis Toll about entering the funeral industry in 1998. He worked part-time for Dennis until he went to Humber College in 2002. Following his schooling, Dennis encouraged Gary to do his apprenticeship at another funeral home for the varied experience. Gary received his Ontario Funeral Director's License in 2004 and worked for two corporate funeral homes before coming home to join the staff of the Dennis Toll Funeral Home full time, in 2005. In 2003, Gary married his high school sweetheart and dear friend, Catherine. Together, they are the very proud parents to their sons Dimitri and most recently to twins John and Peter.
Darcy joined the staff of the funeral home in May 2006 to serve her apprenticeship. She became interested in funeral service through an introduction to funeral service by Keith Ovington of Burford. Darcy gained her provincial license in 2007 and agreed to stay on staff to serve our growing number of client families. Darcy is a trained and talented esthetician and is much appreciated by her fellow staff members and our families, for her care and concern, in all aspects of her work. Darcy is married to her loving husband Nick and they are proud parents to their sons Hunter, Weston and Bizou, their Chihuahua.
Born and raised in Brantford, Hugh was approached by the late Bill Hill of the Hill & Robinson Funeral Home, to work there in 1975. He attended Humber College in 1981, receiving his Ontario Funeral Directors License in 1983. After the Beckett-Glaves Family Funeral Centre acquired the Hill & Robinson Funeral Home in 1986, Hugh remained as a funeral director at both of these well respected businesses.
In 2006, he found change and joined the growing staff at the Dennis Toll Funeral Home and resumed working again with Dennis. His knowledge of local facts and places, and his recollection for long forgotten country cemeteries, have proven a valuable resource for our staff and the families we serve. Hugh is a Past Master of Brant Masonic Lodge #45 A.F.& A.M., Past President of the Brantford Scottish Rite Association and the Shriners Club of Brantford. He too is proud of his family's support over the years.
Holly was born and raised in the city of Cambridge. She began her career as a Co-op student at the Barthel Funeral Home. After two years as an assistant there she came to the city of Brantford to apprentice at the Thorpe Brothers Funeral Home. In the year 2000 she obtained her Ontario Funeral Directors License. In 2009 she was transferred to the Westmount Funeral Chapel in Kitchener. After being presented with the opportunity to return to Brantford she gratefully accepted the offer from Dennis and began a new chapter of her career on Valentines Day 2011. Holly has been married to her best friend Robert for several years and is a proud Mom to her "furry" son Sampson, a very handsome and energetic German Shepherd. In her spare time she enjoys competing in endurance sports such as Triathlon, half and full marathons. Her proudest achievement to date is completing the Ride to Conquer Cancer a 217 km bike ride from Toronto to Niagara Falls in just over ten hours.
.Meghan was born in Brantford and raised in Paris where she currently resides. She participated in the Co-Op Program and spent time at the Dwayne D. Budgell Funeral Home, Paris. After graduating from Paris District High School she enrolled in the Funeral Services Education course at Humber College. Meghan then completed her apprenticeship at the Corbett Funeral Home, Cambridge. Once Meghan obtained her Funeral Director's License in 2011 she travelled to Barrie where she assisted families at the Steckley-Gooderham Funeral Home. She joined the Dennis Toll Funeral Home family in May of 2012. Meghan has been a member of St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church, Brantford for many years. She has volunteered for many functions at the church as well as assisted with the Canadian Guide Dog Association. Meghan enjoys baking, quilting and spending time with her close family (especially her dog Winston) and friends. Meghan was a past member of the Brant 4-H Association, the Paris Figure Skating Club and the Paris Softball League.
Jim retired from teaching Secondary School in June 2002. His first four years were spent at Ecole Secondaire Cochrane High School in Northern Ontario where he taught history and politics. Most of his 31 teaching years were spent at Paris District High School where he taught senior history and co-operative education. As a Grief Counselor, he assisted students in their handling of tragedies and death. Since the spring of 2003 he has appreciated the opportunity to serve families at the funeral home. Jim is an active member of his church and is most proud of his two daughters and four grandchildren.
Ken has been an integral part of the team at the Dennis Toll Funeral Home since its beginning. He has "thoroughly enjoyed" this time at the funeral home. He enjoys reading, sports events and golf. Ken is actively involved with the seniors ministry at Central Baptist Church. Ken and his wife Mary are highly valued at the funeral home for their caring and compassion expressed in many ways.
Doug retired from the practice of family law in June 2015 after almost 40 years of practice in Brantford. He and his wife Anne enjoy gardening, traveling, hiking and biking. Doug has been active in the Brantford community throughout his life including 3 terms as Alderman on Brantford City Council, 5 years as a member of the Brantford Police Services Board and service on numerous other Boards, Commissions and Committees. He is now a member and Director of the Kiwanis Club of Grand River and the Brant County Men's Probus Club. He sees his involvement with the Toll Funeral Home as an extension of the assistance he was able to provide to families through his family law practice for so many years.
Mary, along with her husband Ken, is an important member of our staff at the Dennis Toll Funeral Home. Her occasional help as a receptionist has been much appreciated by the families we serve. Mary is also gracious and kind to all she encounters. Mary and Ken are proud of their children and grandchildren. They make friends wherever they go and work as a team in all they accomplish.
|
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"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
The internet needs tougher policing, says Vodafone CEO
By Kate Solomon 2011-06-06T09:25:00.156Z Internet
Calls for laws to govern online
Vodafone: not keen on a lawless web
Vodafone's CEO, Vittorio Colao, has spoken out on the about web freedoms, saying that the internet should be subject to regulatory laws.
Colao sides with French president, Nicolas Sarkozy, who recently called for greater state control of online content and services.
It all comes down to trust, says Colao, and self-regulation is not providing that given the regular security breaches, prevalence of piracy and 'infringements of individual rights'.
"Mr Sarkozy is really right to argue that realising the full potential of the internet will also require an effective legal framework and that self-regulation will not be enough," he wrote in an open letter to the Financial Times.
Restrictions incoming?
His comments fly in the face of the attitude taken by web services like Facebook and Google, which have both recently talked about the importance of freedom on the web in the light of the major role the internet played in the Arab Spring.
But Colao's comments come very much from a business point of view rather than a social-freedoms stand-point. He speaks of a regulated web that can prevent those crimes that prevent companies from making money:
"If electronic commerce is to flourish and more jobs are to be created, we all need to feel that we can trust those we deal with and that the law will protect our trust. We need to feel that our privacy will be safeguarded and that personal data will be secure. We need to be confident that our children will be safe. Owners of content need to know that their copyright will be respected."
"And in any civilised world, governments – with proper democratic supervision – need to be able to safeguard their citizens' security and fight cybercrime.
"All of this requires rules, not to restrain the internet but to ensure that it flourishes on the basis of respect for ownership, privacy, human and social rights."
In the UK, Sir Tim Berners-Lee has been appointed to oversee our net-neutrality framework. He has said that protecting people's right to access the internet, which he described as a 'human right', may require legislation.
From The FT
|
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|
Why marketing needs to change to drive a business
by Darren Woolley
agency solutions, interesting observations, marketing process optimisation, marketing procurement, return on investment, strategic management
This post is an interview with Darren Woolley, Founder and CEO of TrinityP3. It first appeared as an article in Business First Magazine, the original version can be viewed or downloaded below.
The role of 'marketing' has changed over the years; blurred by the addition of new technologies and differing interpretations of the job description. Whether people would want to admit it or not, some businesses treat marketing as little more than a glorified name for advertising, as if it's some form of necessary evil that costs money they'd rather be putting somewhere else.
For Darren Woolley, founder and global CEO of TrinityP3, this fragmented approach to marketing creates a wasted resource that should be working with other elements of the organisation to increase opportunities and profitability.
"There is a huge opportunity today for marketing to be the business driver, to actually drive growth," says Darren. "However most organisations haven't structured their marketing the right way to deliver that performance. Marketing is often seen as the promotions department that works to the side of the business, when it needs to be involved in the driving of the business."
This approach places marketing back into the analytical side of business rather than a creative add-on – a philosophy that extends from Darren's own background.
The journey that led to TrinityP3
Darren started his working life as a scientist at the Royal Children's Hospital Neuropathology Laboratory in Melbourne, undertaking research in myopathies, neuropathies, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Repetitive Strain Injury.
He then established a chemical recycling company called Resolve, which whetted the appetite for the commercial side of life, before falling into advertising in his mid-20s through the famed Copy School program.
After some 15 years in advertising, where he even served as the president of the Melbourne Advertising and Design Club, he saw the opportunity to set up TrinityP3 and bring all of his skills and experience together.
"It's a combination of my analytical science background, and an appreciation and understanding of the creative process, and the value that creativity can add to business," he explains. "The company's focus is how to maximise the value from creativity in business."
While this may sound like a simple concept, it is a fundamental shift in thinking for many people – and it starts with considering the broad role of marketing within the organisational framework.
A shift in thinking is needed
"Marketing is still often executed as a cost to business," he says. "That means that there is a budget set aside for marketing and the budget is spent – and yet there is very little accountability or measurement in the top-line contribution that marketing is making. When you're doing that, you're not optimising the performance for marketing, you're largely just executing a marketing plan.
"When treated as a full business discipline, marketing has huge application. What we're seeing is that marketing is still being pigeonholed into a very narrow focus, and only a few businesses have really expanded the opportunities that marketing presents and really drives the top line. That's what marketing does when it's fully applied to a business; it drives the top line and growth for that business."
In Darren's view, if marketing is brought into the corporate strategy it can become the glue that helps all of the respective areas to optimise and perform better. Furthermore, with constant advancements in technology, those capabilities are now enormous; however, perhaps ironically, marketing is often marginalised in that process.
Technology: a challenge and and opportunity
"Technology has enabled marketing to have much more influence with customers, and provide much greater insight back into the business about what customers and potential customers are doing," says Darren. "Online engagement gives you huge opportunities to actually track performance and behaviours, and changes in behaviours. You can track leads and you can look at conversion rates – it provides a huge amount of insight and data."
The challenge however, is that many organisations are not set up to operate that way. With advances in technology, many organisations keep adding new platforms and tools as a 'bolt-on unit', rather than integrating it into the core of the operations.
"We often see these businesses that keep adding new elements like social media, digital advertising, events and more – so they end up doing lots of different things, but none of them well.
"In actual fact, what they should be doing is to sit and think about restructuring marketing within the organisation to adapt to the changing world, and to adapt to their changing strategy. Most marketing departments still have the same structure that they had 20 or 30 years ago."
Clearly, this belief is at the core of TrinityP3's offerings and operations, and something Darren believes sets it apart from competitors.
No single best practice
It is not a cookie-cutter approach, but rather a top down approach that changes with time and client requirements.
"We get inside our clients' marketing functions and look for the opportunities to drive value through marketing into the business. This approach is one that builds on the inherent strengths of the marketing function and helps identify the barriers, structural obstacles and processes that stop marketing delivering full value to the organisation."
Naturally, this means that TrinityP3 needs to work closely with its clients, as no two organisations will have exactly the same needs. Darren again reiterates the non-cookie cutter approach.
"We don't use a cookie cutter approach, because there is no single best practice. There's no particular model that suits all people. The first thing that we do is we spend a lot of time, very quickly I will add, to deep dive into the current state, because there's no point moving forward until you know what you already have.
"Ultimately, we reach a position where we can say, 'Here's where we are now, and here's an agreement on where we want to move to' and then it's a simple matter of analysing the two states, current state and agreed future state, to identify what are the steps needed to get there."
It's an analytical and personal approach to business development, driven by marketing, and has proven to be extremely successful for TrinityP3. Operating with a small administration team in Sydney, Darren has grown TrinityP3 to have offices in Singapore, Hong Kong, London, Sydney and Melbourne to establish a genuine global presence.
Importantly, Darren also finds it personally rewarding to see businesses grow with TrinityP3's help.
"We've had some big breakthroughs in restructuring marketing, so that it becomes a lot more customer-centric, and becomes the bridge between the products and services. We've made some fundamental changes to some organisations, and that's rewarding for us."
This interview can also be read on the Business First Magazne website.
TrinityP3's Marketing Business Alignment service strikes at the heart of our reason for being: driving enhanced marketing performance via alignment of process and commercial purpose.
Why do you need this service? Click here to learn more
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Digital-holics unite to admit their problem
How to achieve consistent communication across the business in a changing world
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
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Commissioner Doak Praises New Health Insurance Ruling - Phoenix Insurance, Inc.
OKLAHOMA CITY – Oklahomans will have more flexibility and choices in health insurance after the Trump administration delivered on a promise. The Departments of Health and Human Services, Labor and the Treasury issued a final rule allowing the sale and renewal of short-term, limited-duration plans.
Short-term, limited-duration insurance could be 50 to 80 percent cheaper than Affordable Care Act (ACA) plans, and the coverage is not controlled by expensive ACA regulations. It can provide coverage for people transitioning between different insurance options, such as an individual who is between jobs, or a student taking time off from school, as well as for middle-class families without access to subsidized ACA plans. Insurers will be able to let consumers renew these plans for up to 36 months, and consumers can buy separate renewability protection to lock in low rates.
The short-term, limited duration plans can also be a good option for those who have been priced out of the ACA market, where rates have more than doubled since the law was implemented, or those who don't have an offer of employer-sponsored coverage. Experts expect 2 million Americans or more may buy them, many of whom were previously uninsured.
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
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1. Which living person in Pakistan inspires you?
3. Name a local celeb whose style you admire?
When I get good marks in university projects.
Black skinnies, white tank top, blazer and red lips.
14. Flip-flops or high heels?
Nothing literally been so busy with my work and studies I don't even get to drink adequate amount of water every day.
Mirror on thwall by Lil Wayne.
Stay over at friends, dark room, horror movies, pizza and chitchats.
23. On a scale of 1 to 10 how would you rate yourself as an actor?
I don't like coffee, lactose intolerance.
27. What trait do you admire most in people?
Politeness, modesty, respectfulness and maturity.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
<!--
Copyright (c) 2016, the Dart project authors. Please see the AUTHORS file
for details. All rights reserved. Use of this source code is governed by a
BSD-style license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
-->
# Test Infrastructure without Batteries
This package:
* Provides a way to test a compiler in multiple steps.
* Provides a way to run standalone tests. A standalone test is a test that has a `main` method, and can be run as a standalone program.
* Ensures all tests and implementations are free of warnings (using dartanalyzer).
This package is not:
* A replacement for `package:test`. This package can be used to run `package:test` tests, and `package:test` can be viewed as the batteries that aren't included in this package.
## Motivation
We want to test tool chains, for example, a Dart compiler. Depending on the tool chain, it may comprise several individual steps. For example, to test dart2js, you have these steps:
1. Run dart2js on a Dart source file to produce a Javascript output file.
2. Run the Javascript file from step 1 on a Javascript interpreter and report if the program threw an exception.
On the other hand, to test a Dart VM, there's only one step:
1. Run the Dart source file in the Dart VM and report if the program threw an exception.
Similarly, to test dartanalyzer, there's also a single step:
1. Analyze the Dart source file and report if there were any problems.
In general, a tool chain can have more steps, for example, a pub transformer.
Furthermore, multiple tool chains may share the input sources and should agree on the behavior. For example, you should be able to compile `hello-world.dart` with dart2js and run it on d8 and it shouldn't throw an exception, running `hello-world.dart` on the Dart VM shouldn't throw an exception, and analysing it with dartanalyzer should report nothing.
In addition, parts of the tool chain may have been implemented in Dart and have unit tests written in Dart, for example, using [package:test](https://github.com/dart-lang/test). We want to run these unit tests, and have noticed that compiler unit tests in general run faster when run from the same Dart VM process (due to dynamic optimizations kicking in). For this reason, it's convenient to have a single Dart program that runs all tests. On the other hand, when developing, it's often convenient to run just a single test.
For this reason, we want to support running unit tests individually, or combined in one program. And we also want the Dart-based implementation to be free of problems with respect to dartanalyzer.
## Test Suites
A test suite is a collection of tests. Based on the above motivation, we have two kinds of suites:
1. [Chain](#Chain), a test suite for tool chains.
2. [Dart](#Dart), a test suite for Dart-based unit tests.
## Getting Started
1. Create a [configuration file](#Configuration) named `testing.json`.
2. Run `bin/run_tests.dart`.
## Configuration
The test runner is configured using a JSON file. A minimal configuration file is:
```json
{
}
```
### Chain
A `Chain` suite is a suite that's designed to test a tool chain and can be used to test anything that can be divided into one or more steps.
Here a complete example of a `Chain` suite:
```json
{
"suites": [
{
"name": "golden",
"kind": "Chain",
"source": "test/golden_suite.dart",
"path": "test/golden/",
"status": "test/golden.status",
"pattern": [
"\\.dart$"
],
"exclude": [
]
}
]
}
```
The properties of a `Chain` suite are:
*name*: a name for the suite. For simple packages, `test` or the package name are good candidates. In the Dart SDK, for example, it would be things like `language`, `corelib`, etc.
*kind*: always `Chain` for this kind of suite.
*source*: a relative URI to a Dart program that implements the steps in the suite. See [below](#Implementing-a-Chain-Suite).
*path*: a URI relative to the configuration file which is the root directory of all files in this suite. For now, only file URIs are supported. Each file is passed to the first step in the suite.
*status*: a URI relative to the configuration file which lists the status of tests.
*pattern*: a list of regular expressions that match file names that are tests.
*exclude*: a list of regular expressions that exclude files from being included in this suite.
#### Implementing a Chain Suite
The `source` property of a `Chain` suite is a Dart program that must provide a top-level method with this name and signature:
```dart
Future<ChainContext> createContext(Chain suite) async { ... }
```
A suite is expected to implement a subclass of `ChainContext` which defines the steps that make up the chain and return it from `createContext`.
A step is a subclass of `Step`. The input to the first step is a `TestDescription`. The input to step n+1 is the output of step n.
Here is an example of a suite that runs tests on the Dart VM:
```dart
import 'testing.dart';
Future<ChainContext> createContext(
Chain suite, Map<String, String> enviroment) async {
return new VmContext();
}
class VmContext extends ChainContext {
final List<Step> steps = const <Step>[const DartVmStep()];
}
class DartVmStep extends Step<TestDescription, int, VmContext> {
const DartVmStep();
String get name => "Dart VM";
Future<Result<int>> run(TestDescription input, VmContext context) async {
StdioProcess process = await StdioProcess.run("dart", [input.file.path]);
return process.toResult();
}
}
main(List<String> arguments) => runMe(arguments, createContext);
```
An example with multiple steps in the chain can be found in the Kernel package's [suite](https://github.com/dart-lang/kernel/blob/closure_conversion/test/closures/suite.dart). Notice how this suite stores an `AnalysisContext` in its `TestContext` and is this way able to reuse the same `AnalysisContext` in all tests.
### Dart
The `Dart` suite is for running unit tests written in Dart. Each test is a Dart program with a main method that can be run directly from the command line.
The suite generates a new Dart program which combines all the tests included in the suite, so they can all be run (in sequence) in the same process. Such tests must be co-operative and must clean up after themselves.
You can use any test-framework, for example, `package:test` in these individual programs, as long as the frameworks are well-behaved with respect to global state, see [below](#Well-Behaved-Tests).
Here is a complete example of a `Dart` suite:
```json
{
"suites": [
{
"name": "my-package",
"path": "test/",
"kind": "Dart",
"pattern": [
"_test\\.dart$"
],
"exclude": [
"/test/golden/"
]
}
]
}
```
The properties of a `Dart` suite are:
*name*: a name for the suite. For simple packages, `test` or the package name are good candidates. In the Dart SDK, for example, the names could be the name of the component that's tested by this suite's unit tests, for example, `dart2js`.
*path*: a URI relative to the configuration file which is the root directory of all files in this suite. For now, only file URIs are supported.
*kind*: always `Dart` for this kind of suite.
*pattern*: a list of regular expressions that match file names that are tests.
*exclude*: a list of regular expressions that exclude files from being included in this suite.
#### Well-Behaved Tests
The `Dart` suite makes certain assumptions about the tests it runs.
* All tests use the same packages configuration file.
* An asynchronous test returns a `Future` from its `main`.
* Tests manages global state.
All tests are imported into the same program as individual libraries, which is why they all must use the same `.packages` file. The tests aren't concatenated, so they have the lexical scope you'd normally expect from a Dart library.
Tests are run in order. In particular, the test framework will not start the next test until any future returned from the current test's `main` method complete. In addition, asynchronous tests are expected to have finished all asynchronous operations when the future returned from their `main` method completes (with or without an error).
Tests are expected to manage global state (aka static state). Simply put: clean up after yourself. But if it's simpler to ensure global state is reset before running a test and not clean up afterwards, that's also fine as long as all tests agree on how to manage their shared global state.
### Configuring Analyzed Programs
By default, all tests in `Dart` suites are analyzed by the `dartanalyzer`. It is possible to exclude tests from analysis, and it's possible to add additional files to be analyzed. Here is a complete example of a `Dart` suite and analyzer configuration:
```json
{
"suites": [
{
"name": "my-package",
"path": "test/",
"kind": "Dart",
"pattern": [
"_test\\.dart$"
],
"exclude": [
"/test/golden/"
]
}
],
"analyze": {
"uris": [
"lib/",
],
"exclude": [
"/third_party/"
]
}
}
```
The properties of the `analyze` section are:
*uris*: a list of URIs relative to the configuration file that should also be analyzed. For now, only file URIs are supported.
*exclude*: a list of regular expression that matches file names that should be excluded from analysis. For now, the files are still analyzed but diagnostics are suppressed and ignored.
## Integrating with Other Test Runners
### `test.dart`
To run the suite `my_suite` from `test.dart`, create a file named `mysuite_test.dart` with this content:
import 'package:async_helper/async_helper.dart' show asyncTest;
import 'package:testing/testing.dart' show run;
main(List<String> arguments) => asyncTest(run(arguments, ["my_suite"]));
### `package:test`
To run the suite `my_suite` from `package:test`, create a file named `mysuite_test.dart` with this content:
import 'package:test/test.dart' show Timeout, test;
import 'package:testing/testing.dart' show run;
main() {
test("my_suite", () => run([], ["my_suite"]),
timeout: new Timeout(new Duration(minutes: 5)));
}
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
}
|
Home Lifestyle Business Huge Gain With A Humble Beginning
Huge Gain With A Humble Beginning
Nurturing a child is important, but it's no easy task, especially when it comes to lifelong learning. The children's house, the leading Montessori preschool in Klang Valley with its humble beginnings, is committed to transform the process of children's education that will shape their attitudes when they transition into adults to contribute to society and make a huge difference. For more than 30 years, The children's house has expanded exponentially, with more than 10 schools throughout Selangor and Kuala Lumpur. With the Montessori method, The children's house is set to go even further as Malaysia's leading Montessori preschool.
How did the preschool prevail for more than 3 decades?
A Life-Changing Choice
Nan Civel was caught in an unfulfilling career and felt that she needed a shift in her life. It took her a single sheet of a leaflet to change her life forever. She discovered the existence of the Montessori Method and was determined to transform her life by bringing Dr Maria Montessori's legacy to Malaysia to provide the best early years education to children. Walking on the path that Dr Montessori graciously paved for aspiring educators in early childhood, Nan knew that this was her true calling. She adopted a baby soon after, and as a wife, a mother, and educator moved forward with steely courage to set up the very first complete Montessori preschool in Malaysia, called The children's house.
To be the longest-established Montessori preschool in Malaysia, The children's house needed to have a curriculum that could be applicable for each unique child. The Montessori Method has a huge role in fueling The children's house evergreen popularity among parents. One of the main elements that makes the method stand out is its focus on nurturing a child to be gracious, courteous, kind, and compassionate yet intellectually inclined at a young age. At The children's house, children are taught basic self-care such as washing their hands before and after meals, table manners, teamwork, courtesy and compassion through simple and regular routines.
The unique teaching approach created by Dr Montessori is still effective to this day, and The children's house has been using them ever since the establishment of its first school in Batai. The Montessori Method and its materials focus on Practical Life, Sensorial, Language, Number Work and Culture—crucial elements that are needed in ensuring a well-rounded growth in each child.
The didactic materials are meticulously sized-down to fit into children's hands, enabling them to fully explore their surroundings with their senses. Children imitate physical tasks in Practical Life, using tools like trays, jugs, bowls, spoons, tongs and dressing frames to develop their concentration, movement coordination, sense of order, and independence. Sensorial materials provided are made to refine a child's senses, triggering them to learn and expand their vocabulary as they explore the world through their senses.
Language materials are made to help children gain better control over writing instruments and form letters of the alphabets using their stereognostic sense, enabling them to learn reading and writing better. Materials for Number Work provide an excellent opportunity for children to learn calculation and master complex terms like decimals, odd and even numbers. In Culture, children are exposed to a wide range of topics like biology, botany, zoology, geography and history along with the integration of music, arts and craft. The combined materials and subjects along with fun nature walks enable children to gain a better understanding of their environment and the world. Children are also free to choose which materials to work on at their own pace—this is how they truly and fully grow into well-rounded individuals.
Dedicated Teachers
The teachers of The children's house are made up of individuals who share the same mindset as the school: to emphasise lifelong learning when educating children. Children and teachers share a unique bond at The children's house, with each child fondly calling each teacher as 'Aunty'. This teacher-child bond is a pride of the school as it takes a great deal of genuine passion for teaching children to achieve this.
Each teacher, or Aunty, possesses the traits of an ideal educator for early years education. The Aunties always navigate children towards the path of gaining independence. While keeping in mind the need for them to learn things on their own, teachers at The children's house act as facilitators in lessons, giving children ample space and time to explore their surroundings on their own using Montessori materials. The Aunties are aware that they are the children's role models in preschool and set the best example for them through their acts of kindness, mannerism and compassion. Aunties at The children's house are qualified with a Diploma in Montessori or Early Childhood Education and have received training in the Montessori method. Some of them even have more than 10 years of experience teaching in The children's house! Their wholehearted dedication in educating children has provided a strong pillar that supports the school's long-lasting reputation as Malaysia's best Montessori preschool.
"…my daughter wakes up every day and can't wait to go to school. She loves her aunties, her friends and the great environment she can explore." -Parent
Supportive Parents
Dr Maria Montessori, the founder of the Montessori Method, believes that parents, educators and caregivers all play a huge role in stimulating healthy brain growth for children. Having lasted for more than 3 decades is indeed an impressive achievement for a preschool, and for The children's house, this milestone is also due to the parents' endless support and faith in the school's core values. Parents understand and support the Montessori Method to be used as the school's curriculum, as they have seen for themselves the positive impact that it brings to their children.
"…she feeds herself and chomped up all food that was given to her at school. She could identify 96% of all her body parts, sing a handful of songs and managed its lyrics." -3 Batai Parent
Parents are also actively involved in the school's event and celebrations, accompanying their children in fun activities and games. The children's house believe that parental support creates a circle of love, harmony and mutual respect. When parents experience a celebration with their children at school, making crafts and trinkets together, it also boosts a child's self-esteem and confidence. The parents have absolute faith in the school's ability to nurture children into lifelong learners, knowing that each time their child goes to school, they are in the best hands that are capable of cultivating confident, courteous, independent and respectful individuals.
Some of the parents are even alumni of The children's house. Dominique is the first child in the very first preschool at The children's house, who is now a chiropractor with his own clinic in France. His fond memories at The children's house have stayed with him until this day.
"I loved the red school bag and carried it everywhere! Now I cannot describe the bliss of being a father."
Celebrating Life With Children
"We shall walk together on this path of life, for all things are part of the universe and are connected with each other to form one whole unity." –Maria Montessori
At The children's house, children come together as one as they work together, play together, learn together and explore their little worlds together. It is the job of teachers and support from parents that unite The children's house community together as one. From a humble preschool that expanded to more than 10 branches, The children's house has come a long way, producing individuals who are set to bring great contributions to society through high-quality early years education—and the school will continue growing as Malaysia's leading Montessori preschool while celebrating life with children.
Previous articleTaking Their Own Steps Forward, The Montessori Way
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The inspiring life of Maria Montessori
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Vector Security® signs sponsorship agreement with the Carolina Hurricanes
The company is now the "Official Security Partner of the Carolina Hurricanes" as part of a multi-year agreement
PITTSBURGH, August 7, 2018 – Vector Security, the fourth largest provider of security and smart automation services to homes and businesses in the US with local presence in Raleigh, NC and Authorized Dealer relationships across North Carolina and South Carolina, announces a multi-year sponsorship agreement with the Carolina Hurricanes. Vector Security will receive in-arena sponsorship exclusivity in the home and business security categories; and is named the "Official Security Partner of the Carolina Hurricanes" through the 2020-21 season.
"Raleigh has been synonymous with growth and we are excited to be in the middle of such a dynamic market," said Art Miller, Vice President of Marketing for Vector Security. "This partnership with the Hurricanes is a perfect fit for us, a match-up based upon two teams focused on the fan/customer experience and driving a winning culture. We look forward to promoting our brands side by side and sharing our collective attributes of creating value, delivering outstanding experiences and keeping them coming back for more. Let's Go Canes!"
Vector Security will receive dasherboard signage and title sponsorship of the Hurricanes Siren Sounder feature for maximum brand exposure to the nearly 550,000 fans that fill the arena for home games each year. The agreement also includes digital and social promotion, radio advertising and other benefits.
"We are very pleased to add Vector Security as our official security partner," said Don Waddell, Team President and General Manager for the Carolina Hurricanes. "Vector Security shares our vision and commitment to excellence, and we look forward to a successful partnership for many years to come."
About Carolina Hurricanes
The Carolina Hurricanes were established in Raleigh in 1997 after relocating from Connecticut, where the National Hockey League franchise was originally founded in 1979. Since their arrival in North Carolina, the Hurricanes have captured three division championships, two Eastern conference titles and the 2006 Stanley Cup championship. The team also hosted the 2004 NHL Draft and the 2011 NHL All-Star Weekend at PNC Arena, where it plays its home games. Individual-game tickets for Hurricanes home games are sold at the PNC Arena Box Office and via Ticketmaster. For information on Hurricanes ticket packages, please call 1-866-NHL-CANES, or visit www.CarolinaHurricanes.com/tickets.
About Vector Security
For nearly 50 years, Vector Security, Inc. (www.vectorsecurity.com) has been a premier provider of intelligent security solutions tailored to the needs of the customer. Headquartered in Pittsburgh, the company offers a full suite of electronic security services for residential, business and national account customers across North America and the Caribbean through a network of branches, authorized dealers and their ADS Security division. The Vector Security Networks division offers customized physical security and managed network services to multi-site commercial customers. Vector Security is a sister company of the Philadelphia Contributionship, a mutual insurance company founded in 1752, and currently provides cost-effective, technology-based security and automation solutions to nearly 400,000 homes and businesses across 58 branch locations.
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IBF, ILAO & PILI Announce Changes to Illinois Free Legal Answers
Posted on July 16, 2019 July 16, 2019 by Lauren Harper
The Illinois Bar Foundation (IBF), Illinois Legal Aid Online (ILAO) and Public Interest Law Initiative (PILI) are excited to announce their combined efforts to further the impact of Free Legal Answers in Illinois. After establishing this project in Illinois in 2017 and building a solid foundation for its future, ILAO will transition the state administrator role for the site to PILI as of August 1, 2019. At that time, PILI will take over the day-to-day operations of the site including volunteer recruitment, management and training with the help of funding from the IBF. ILAO will continue to contribute invaluable support through www.IllinoisLegalAid.org by providing client referrals and being a resource for pro bono volunteers answering questions through the site.
"The IBF is proud to have been the primary funder of ILAO's efforts to launch Illinois Free Legal Answers and in only three years, making it an indispensable resource to help narrow the justice gap in Illinois between those who need civil legal assistance from a lawyer and those who can afford one," said Deane B. Brown, IBF President and Shareholder with Hughes Socol Piers Resnick Dym, Ltd. "We're equally thrilled to support PILI's efforts to utilize its growing statewide expertise in recruiting attorneys to provide pro bono service through Illinois Free Legal Answers"
A project of the American Bar Association, Free Legal Answers is a secure website where lower-income Illinois residents can ask a lawyer for help with a legal issue. Qualified users post questions about civil legal problems. Volunteer lawyers then log onto the site and select questions to answer. It's a virtual walk-in legal clinic.
Under ILAO's leadership, since its launch in 2017, 3,435 questions have been answered by volunteer attorneys through Illinois Free Legal Answers. "This statewide partnership for PILI and ILAO is exciting," said ILAO Executive Director Elizabeth Evans, "It opens so many doors toward our shared mission of extending legal support and increasing access to justice in every Illinois community. Together we will go further, faster."
Over the several past years, PILI has partnered with ILAO to organize several Free Legal Answers clinics around the state. Building off the strong foundation laid by ILAO, PILI plans to use the structure of their statewide Pro Bono Program to expand pro bono participation on the site to help even more people in need.
"We are excited to offer this new opportunity to our volunteers and to incorporate Free Legal Answers in with our other pro bono projects," said Michel G. Bergmann, PILI's Executive Director. "We are so grateful for the work of ILAO in launching the site in Illinois and look forward to continuing our work together helping people in need of legal services."
For attorneys and clients who would like to use the site to ask and answer legal questions, the website address will remain il.freelegalanswers.org.
About IBF: Almost 70 years ago, a handful of visionary leaders founded the Illinois Bar Foundation. Their initial commitment was to provide aid to deserving members of the Illinois Bar who, because of age or infirmity, could no longer provide for their own care or support. Since then, the Foundation has expanded its scope to include enhancing meaningful access to the civil justice system, especially for those with limited means. To learn more about the IBF, visit www.illinoisbarfoundation.org, or contact IBF Executive Director, Dave Anderson, by email or by phone at 312-920-4683.
About ILAO: For 18 years, ILAO has simplified the law so that all people can resolve their problems. Through innovation, they lower barriers to the law so that people can understand their legal options, make informed decisions and, when necessary, represent themselves in court. To learn more about ILAO, visit www.illinoislegalaid.org, or contact ILAO Executive Director, Elizabeth Evans, by email or by phone at 312-977-9047, extension 11.
About PILI: PILI engages, inspires and empowers those advancing equal access to justice. They envision making equal access to justice a reality through a legal community with a deeply rooted culture of service, where pro bono and public interest law engagement is optimized to best serve people, families and communities in need. To learn more about PILI, visit www.pili.org, or contact PILI Executive Director, Michael Bergmann, at by email or by phone at 312-832-5129.
Volunteer for Free Legal Answers »
Posted in News, Pro Bono and tagged b, News, pro bono.
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World Economic Forum Reveals AI Censorship 'Plan' to Tackle 'Hate Speech'
The World Economic Forum revealed its plan to combat "disinformation and hate speech" by using "human and artificial intelligence" in the group's so-called battle against "the dark world of online harm."
Vice president of Trust and Safety at ActiveFence, Inbal Goldberger, published an op-ed on the global organization's website outlining a solution to online abuse.
One solution would enable a combination of AI and "subject matter experts" to "detect nuanced, novel online abuses at scale before they reach mainstream platforms."
Goldberger adds the AI approach to content moderation would allow human and AI teams to flag and remove items deemed high risk after transmitting millions of sources through training sets.
"Supplementing this smarter automated detection with human expertise to review edge cases and identify false positives and negatives and then feeding those findings back into training sets will allow us to create AI with human intelligence baked in," Goldberger wrote.
"This more intelligent AI gets more sophisticated with each moderation decision, eventually allowing near-perfect detection, at scale," she adds.
AI-driven censorship
Goldberger says that the public perception of events like viruses, wars, and recessions is altered by online access.
In other words, the WEF is planning to censor all counter-narratives by flagging them as "disinformation."
"Before reaching mainstream platforms, threat actors congregate in the darkest corners of the web to define new keywords, share URLs to resources and discuss new dissemination tactics at length," Goldberger said.
"These secret places where terrorists, hate groups, child predators and disinformation agents freely communicate can provide a trove of information for teams seeking to keep their users safe," Goldberger continues.
According to The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, over 29.3 million child sexual abuse material reports were made to the CyberTipline 2021 – a 35% increase from 2020.
READ MORE: Trump Raises $4.45 Million after Digital Trading Cards SELL OUT
But while the removal of child sexual abuse material is extremely important, there is also the risk of other forms of content outside this realm, like news and politics, which would fall in the same net.
Slippery slope to total authoritarianism
Many arguments against automated censorship, pushed by the Davos-based elite group, say it would lead to a complete loss of free speech.
National security and political warfare consultant and senior fellow at Clairemont Institute, Dave Reaboi, said that the content moderation approach would be "the most monstrous tyranny history has ever seen."
This will be the most monstrous tyranny history has ever seen. https://t.co/GXuJTC7LTf
— David Reaboi, Late Republic Nonsense (@davereaboi) August 11, 2022
Orwellian-like censorship tactics have been used heavily by big tech giants for years now, but more of an AI-driven approach could put the final nail in the coffin of free speech.
This is what World Economic Forum founder, Klaus Schwab, said during the 2022 meeting in Davos earlier this year:
"The future is built by us, by a powerful community such as you here in this room."
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const arrayWrap = (data) => {
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return data;
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const generateTagId = () => {
return Math.random().toString(36).substring(2, 15) + Math.random().toString(36).substring(2, 15);
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this.id = id || generateTagId();
this.children = arrayWrap(text);
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export class NewLine {
constructor(id) {
this.id = id || generateTagId();
}
}
const LineBreak = new NewLine();
const splitString = (string) => {
let strings = string
.split("\n")
.map((s) => [LineBreak, s])
.flat()
.slice(1);
let reducer = (context, string) => {
if (string === LineBreak) {
context.strings = context.strings.concat([context.current, LineBreak]);
context.current = [];
} else {
context.current.push(string);
}
return context;
};
let context = strings.reduce(reducer, { strings: [], current: [] });
return context.strings.concat([context.current]);
};
const flattenChildren = (children) => {
let reducer = (context, child) => {
if (child === LineBreak) {
context.children = context.children.concat([context.current, LineBreak]);
context.current = [];
} else {
context.current = context.current.concat(arrayWrap(child));
}
return context;
};
let context = children.reduce(reducer, { children: [], current: [] });
return context.children.concat([context.current]);
};
const parseTag = (tag) => {
let children;
if (typeof tag === "string") {
return splitString(tag).map((strings) => {
if (strings instanceof Array) {
return strings.map((string) => {
return { id: generateTagId(), name: "string", text: string };
});
}
// LineBreak
return strings;
});
}
if (tag instanceof Array) {
return tag.map(parseTag).flat();
}
children = tag.children.map(parseTag).flat();
return flattenChildren(children).map((children) => {
if (children === LineBreak) {
return LineBreak;
}
return { ...tag, id: generateTagId(), children: arrayWrap(children) };
});
};
const parseText = (input) => {
let children = arrayWrap(input).map(parseTag).flat();
return flattenChildren(children)
.filter((tag) => {
return !(tag.length == 1 && tag[0].name == "string" && tag[0].text == "");
})
.map((tag) => {
if (tag == LineBreak) {
return new NewLine();
} else {
return new Line(tag);
}
});
};
export default parseText;
export { Line, LineBreak, parseTag };
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The findings of a landmark multicenter study on blood pressure management, in which the George Washington University (GW) participated, led to the developme nt of new blood pressure guidelines released by the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC).
The Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) study, which looked at more than 9,200 patients with high blood pressure (BP) across 100 medical centers, found that intensive control of BP was associated with better outcomes, said the principal investigator for the GW site, Dominic Raj, MD, professor of medicine at the GW School of Medicine and Health Sciences.
In addition, GW is continuing to examine the beneficial effects of lower blood pressure targets though the SPRINT Alzheimer's, Seniors, and Kidney Study and the SPRINT Electronic Health Record Study, Raj said. Findings from the former study will inform medical professionals about the effects of intensive blood pressure control on kidney and neurocognitive function. The latter study will leverage the electronic medical record to examine long-term outcomes in SPRINT study participants.
GW contributed more than 120 patients to the study, recruited not only from GW, but also from other medical centers in Washington, D.C., Raj added.
Shouldn't Treating Blood Pressure Be Simple?
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«Спа́док брехні» (англ. Legacy of Lies) — британський шпигунський фільм-трилер знятий у ко-продукції Великої Британії, США, Нідерландів, Польщі, Грузії та України. Режисером стрічки виступив Адріан Бола. Дія стрічки розгортаються в Києві, де відважна українська журналістка Саша Степаненко у тандемі з колишнім агентом британської розвідки MI6 Мартіном Бекстером намагається розкрити підступну змову російських спецслужб що готується в Києві.
Світовий реліз стрічки відбувся на домашньому відео 17 травня 2020 року у Бразилії. Фільм вийшов в широкий український кінопрокат 6 серпня 2020 року. Фільм 12 жовтня 2020 року на домашньому відео у Великій Британії.
Сюжет
Мартін Бекстер, колишній агент таємної британської розвідки МІ6, змушений знову зануритись у світ шпигунства, після того, як відважна українська журналістка Саша Степаненко просить його допомогти розкрити підступну змову російських спецслужб що готується в Києві.
У ролях
Скотт Адкінс - Мартін Бекстер
Анна Буткевич - Татьяна
Юлія Соболь - Саша Степаненко
Онор Ніфсі - Ліза Бекстер
Мартін МакДугалл - Тревор
Український дубляж
Фільм дубльовано студією «Tretyakoff Production / Cinema Sound Production» на замовлення кінодистриб'ютора Вольга Україна у 2020 році.
Творча команда
Перекладач — Надія Сисюк
Режисер дубляжу — Марина Турабелідзе
Ролі дублювали
Роман Чорний — Мартін
Єлизавета Зіновенко — Ліза
В'ячеслав Гіндін — Тревор
Михайло Тишин — Едвардс
Олег Лепенець — Максим
Роман Солошенко — Айті
Дмитро Вікулов — Бьорнс
Катерина Буцька — Сюзанна
Фільмування
Фільмування стрічки проходило у Києві й розпочалося у травні 2019. У березні 2020 року компанія-виробник стрічки Toy Cinema представила Держкіно готову стрічку "Спадок брехні".
Кошторис
У червні 2017 року кінопроєкт став одним із переможців Десятого конкурсного відбору Держкіно; загальний заявлений кошторис стрічки - ₴71 млн, з них у Держкіно творці просили ₴17.5 млн грн (~25% від загального кошторису).
Реліз
Світовий реліз стрічки відбувся на домашньому відео 17 травня 2020 року у Бразилії. Фільм 28 липня 2020 року на домашньому відео у США (прокатник Lionsgate Home Entertainment). Фільм вийшов в широкий український кінопрокат 6 серпня 2020 року (прокатник Kinomania Film Distribution). Фільм 12 жовтня 2020 року на домашньому відео у Великій Британії (прокатник Signature Entertainment).
Згодом у вересні 2020 року фільм також вийшов на домашньому відео в Україні на різних vod-платформах на кшталт Megogo, iTunes Store тощо; у фільмі присутня опція кінопрокатного українськомовного дубляжу.
Примітки
Посилання
Спадок брехні на сайті usfa.gov.ua
Фільми України 2020
Фільми Великої Британії 2020
фільми США 2020
Фільми Нідерландів 2020
фільми Польщі 2020
фільми Грузії 2020
Фільми англійською мовою
Фільми-трилери України
Фільми-трилери Великої Британії
Фільми, дія яких розгортається в Києві
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"No matter how brilliant a man may be, he will never engender confidence in his subordinates and associates if he lacks simple honesty and moral courage."
Is this a resume of unblemished, unselfish, heroic service?
A search of more than 6,200 recipients of the meritorious "DFC" found no Weart listed. No doubt one was awarded but his name failed to be recorded.
However, a review of VP-31 records revealed that ENS Weart did distinguish himself by being involved in the highest number of VP-31 mishaps involving the loss of 3 lives, which two were civilian, one aircraft struck and one aircraft in which he sustained major damage. This was the same valuable plane he was awarded his peace time DFC for saving 6 weeks earlier.
Cdr. Weart puts himself in for medals but not his dead subordinates.
As a result of my participation in operational flights identical to that of your Father I was later awarded both the US and UN Korean Service Medals. Based on the presumption that these awards were properly made in my case, it follows that your Father and crew equally earned these medals. I trust that the Navy presented them to Polly."
I traveled to Whidbey Island to interview a former VP-2 member Russ Horn. At the time of our meeting he was VP-2's squadron historian for which he proved himself very knowledgeable. Another of our family members accompanied me to visit him and his wife in their Oak Harbor home. This retired Navy aircrewman had served with my father and had much actual experience with peripheral patrol missions involving the P2V Neptune. I found him willing to share much helpful information and later after I returned home he continued to answer my frequent questions by letter right up until his sudden death.
From his collection of memorabilia he produced a small booklet Titled 'PATRON TWO ADDRESS BOOK'. It was a 1953/54 VP-2 roster of the 'ALASKA -JAPAN- KOREA' deployments containing the names and addresses of just over 300 men. A signed letter inside the front page explained that it had been created by VP-2's commanding officer H.C. Cordie Weart. As I looked over the small publication the historian remarked that many in the squadron didn't think it was right that Cordie had completely struck the names of my father and crew from the booklet without mentioning them in some other appropriate way.
Next he began to relate an incident which had occurred before the squadrons December 26, 1953 Iwakuni deployment. This incident happened while he was serving aboard a P2V Neptune in which the pilot was receiving flight training from Cdr. Weart. As he described it, the training procedure involved single engine maneuvers with the twin engined Neptune. The lesson had begun with the aircraft at a safer high altitude but as the maneuver continued with the pilot struggling to arrest the aircrafts decent, the instructor allowed the plane to descend within close proximity of the terrain. As I recall his words, "below the tree line." At this point the plane captain, who was sitting behind the two pilots, sprang from his position and pushed both throttles forward. The pilot and CDR Weart also applied throttles but just behind the quicker plane captain.
"What is your hand doing in front of mine" he claimed Weart shouted. And then began to harangue the plane captain for his action to save the plane. The historian added that all the crew had felt imperiled by the extreme low altitude and immediate action was required to avoid the terrain. He continued that the reprimand, in his opinion, was excessive and uncalled-for considering the proximity of the aircraft with the ground. Finally, he considered it a reckless act on the part of the instructor for not recovering the aircraft at a higher altitude. The historian said that he did not personally receive the reprimand but that he did feel unnecessarily endangered by the carelessly low altitude that the aircraft was permitted to descend on one engine. When he first began his story I considered that he was just another retired serviceman deprecating his former commanding officer but as I listened I felt that his concerns where well founded. The story was concluded by saying that he requested and received a transfer out of VP-2 because he did not want to serve under Cdr. Weart after this incident.
Yep, I've been called back to my old squadron to go to Iwakuni with them. I'm replacing the maintenance officer who has a sick wife. It kind of burns me up but I guess I'll be better off in the long run.
Despite the reasons given my father to call him back, CDR Cordie Weart sent the maintenance officer to Iwakuni also.
The mission of the Maintenance Department is to maintain all assigned aircraft in the maximum state of readiness for combat.
1. He is the representative of the Commanding Officer in all matters that pertain to the maintenance department and shall confer directly with the Commanding Officer on any matters relating to his department whenever he believes such action appropriate.
2. He shall keep the Commanding Officer informed as to the general conditions existing in the Maintenance Department, the progress of work being done and the operational readiness of aircraft.
By reference (a), it is directed that all patrol aircraft deployed to foreign operating areas be equipped with AN/ARC-1 VHF equipment as a dual installation with UHF.
Failure to comply with 'directive 70/26344' hazarded the aircraft and invited the tragedy which followed. CDR Weart was guilty of willful dereliction in the performance of his position of authority. Prior to commanding VP-2, CDR Weart served as the Navy's Assistant head of 'Directives and Releases Department' Washington, D. C.
This assignment would have provided CDR Weart with firsthand experience with 'directives' and knowledge of the life saving importance that directives constitute. He would have known directives are, in many instances, issued when problem areas are identified after loss of life.
Furthermore it must be stated that it was a willful failure on the part of CDR Weart to exercise the care and prudence which the interests of the Government require to be exercised by a prudent and reasonable person under the circumstances as the commanding officer of Squadron VP-2.
CDR Weart recommends "the re-installation of VHF radio in patrol aircraft before deploying to this area".
Found in the Aircraft Accident Report 3 Cape Cod was airborne for a total of 8.9 hours.
But my Father's AVIATORS FLIGHT LOG BOOK, which was returned to Mother, gives an official entry of 5.3 that my father had served in the line of duty. This false representation with the intent to deceive is certified by CDR Weart.
The fatal flight was 4= NIGHT INSTRUMENT (ACTUAL)! A misrepresentation.
The pilot experiencing the two engine failures told me a control valve became cocked each time the take-off roll was begun but the problem was corrected and they continued on.
The flight (3 Cape Cod) did not ditch but crashed into a hill as a result of two attacks upon the plane 1½ hours apart. This sentence was written to deceive. No VP-2 squadron engines are found replaced due to engine failure during the entire 6 months of which 2030 accumulative hours were flown by the squadron.
The "Presumption of Death" is used in cases where there is no body available for the normal death certification process to be used. The "Presumption of Death" was not invoked in the disappearance of my father but instead at a time coinciding with the end of Cdr. Cordie Weart's deployment to Iwakuni this document states that "evidence establishing death" was received by the Casualty Branch on August 5, 1954.
" When we return to the states I am planning to come by to see you. In the mean time if I can do anything for you, please do not hesitate to write."
Over the years many Navy friends and former VP-2 squadron members came to visit us but CDR Weart was never one of our visitors ….. we never saw or heard from him again.
We remember your father and that he was a very fine man. We don't have any pictures that we can think of but do have a squadron memo about the accident of the plane."
hazarding his planes and crews and received the Duty of his choice; thereafter choice duty.
Captain Cordie Weart's "La Nube" (The Cloud) sailing yacht is now on display and dedicated to his memory.
His spirit forever sails over the watery graves and through the flotsam & jetsam of widows and orphans left in the wake of his illustrious career.
"Every person in harm's way must know in his heart that if they should be killed, the government would do everything in its power to have the remains returned to the family."
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Extremely fast-track and technical project consisting of Clean Room Manufacturing Spaces and related support areas. Multiple shifts and coordinated scheduling to complete $55M of work in approximately 12 months. All work was completed within an existing manufacturing facility without interruption to ongoing operations.
Scope of work included construction of a Class 10,000 (ISO-7) Production Prototype Facility within an existing building. Complex areas included an FDA Validated Production Area, QC Laboratories, a Biological Waste Area, new MEP Services, and a new Central Plant. Administrative Offices, Support Spaces, Conference Rooms, Break Room Areas, and Locker Rooms were also included in the project.
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Irish winger Jacob Stockdale was rewarded for his record-breaking seven Six Nations tries by picking up the award for player of the championship on Friday.
The 21-year-old Ulsterman scored against England, Italy, Scotland and Wales to help Ireland to just a third Grand Slam in their history a.nd will be a key part of Ireland coach Joe Schmidt's squad that comes to Australia in June.
"It's been a truly memorable few weeks, making my first Six Nations appearance, winning the championship then going on to complete the Grand Slam against England," said Stockdale.
"Breaking the try-scoring record was the cherry on top."
Stockdale beat out Irish teammates Conor Murray and Jony Sexton to the prize voted on by a select group of media experts.
His seven-try return beat out the previous record of six held by England duo Chris Ashton and Will Greenwood and Wales winger Shane Williams.
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Shparkiya Vilki conducts a free masterclass for children on how to cook traditional Belarusian meals.
November 2018 — Any small- and medium-sized enterprise owner dreams of dynamic business growth and expansion, while inevitably dealing with the realities of adequate financing. Shparkiya Vilki, a food delivery service in Belarus, faced this challenge during their start-up stage.
The company, whose name means "Fast Forks" in Belarusian, was launched by Alfred Service in February 2016 with just three team members. The business grew rapidly with a steep rise in delivery and catering orders, but, to meet high customer demand, it needed a professional convection oven.
Alexander Zhurkevich, the director of Alfred Service, attended an entrepreneurship training in 2016 supported through Belarus's Republican Microfinance Center and USAID's Increasing Access to Finance for the Rural Population in Belarus activity. During the financial literacy part of the training, Zhurkevich realized his budding enterprise was losing time and potential customers and needed external financing. He obtained funding through the project's microfinance program to obtain a new oven through a leasing contract with Finprofit Leasing Co., a project partner.
"After participating in the USAID entrepreneurship training, I gained necessary knowledge and expertise and decided to go ahead in my business development. Key factors for my business's success are my great team and new professional equipment leased through the USAID-supported micro leasing program," said Zhurkevich.
The USAID activity aims to broaden economic opportunities for rural populations by raising financial literacy, strengthening entrepreneurial skills, and improving access to microfinance. The project also promotes improved microfinance policies and use of international best practices.
At first, business owners may be reluctant to enter leasing agreements because of the recurring cost. However, leases allow owners to quickly scale their businesses and achieve their goals without taking on higher capital costs.
The new equipment has helped Zhurkevich see a 40 percent increase in orders and has reduced cooking time from 70-80 minutes to 50 minutes. As the speed and quality of deliveries has increased, the number of loyal customers has grown, which has allowed Zhurkevich to hire eight additional staff members and rent a larger space for his thriving business.
As the business continued to develop, Zhurkevich decided to rent space for a café in a business center. He again turned to Finprofit Leasing Co., this time to lease a coffee machine. The company is now able to offer additional menu items, including coffee beverages, desserts, snacks, and breakfast and lunch menus. Previously, Shparkiya Vilki only delivered selected Belarusian food in clay pots. The new offerings helped attract additional customers from the business center and nearby office buildings.
USAID's Increasing Access to Finance for the Rural Population in Belarus project runs from 2014 to 2019. To date, the project has certified 83 trainers to conduct financial literacy courses, provided financial literacy instruction to more than 3,000 representatives of rural microenterprises, and helped 1,900 people improve their business and agriculture-related skills. With project support, a number of local microfinance institutions have also upgraded their policies and procedures in accordance with international standards to better serve rural entrepreneurs.
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Deshaun Watson, the quarterback for the Houston Texans knows what a little kindness from strangers can do to change someone's life. When he was younger, he and his family were the recipients of a home through Habitat for Humanity. So when he was given the chance to do some good himself, he made the most of it.
Watson is a rookie making a base salary of $465,000 this year. That's a lot of money, and he understands that. He walked into the NRG Stadium in Houston where the Texans play with three ribbon-wrapped envelopes containing a total of $27, 353 – his first game check, and handed those envelopes to three of the cafeteria workers whose lives were forever altered by the flooding caused by Hurricane Harvey.
This is the type of story regarding the NFL that I for one would like to see more of. There's far too much negativity associated with the NFL lately, and this is like seeing a flower blooming in an abandoned lot. It's a sign that despite everything that has been happening there are still good people willing to do good things for others because they understand and realize that a rising tide lifts all boats. Will that $9,000 or so dollars each of them received fix all of their problems? Of course not. But it will have a significant impact. But that isn't the point; the point is the gesture itself. When you hear of so many athletes taking their money and spending it on luxuries like custom cars or jewelry or something frivolous, something like this really warms your heart.
Even though I am a Raiders fan, I'll be rooting for Watson this year as well.
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Q: How to drag and drop an item into a ajax fetched div using java script? I have fetched a table using ajax and I want to drag and drop another div to it and update my db but when I use dragover , dragenter etc... functions with javascript it doesnt work. But when I fetch that table using just php without ajax it works.
Is there a way to make it work with ajax tooo.
Below is my ajax request
$.ajax({
url: 'timetable',
type: 'POST',
cache: false,
data: {
valuehere: valuehere,
dayhere: dayhere,
},
success: function(data) {
// alert(data);
// show the data
let showhere = document.querySelector('.showhere');
showhere.innerHTML = data;
}
});
Below is my javascript drag and drop code
const draggables = document.querySelectorAll('.draggable');
const containers = document.querySelectorAll('.containersdrag34234');
// loop through the containers and add the event listeners
for (const container of containers) {
container.addEventListener('dragover', dragOver);
container.addEventListener('dragenter', dragEnter);
container.addEventListener('dragleave', dragLeave);
container.addEventListener('drop', dragDrop);
}
// fill the containers with the draggable elements and send ajax and edit the db
draggables.forEach(draggable => {
draggable.addEventListener('dragstart', () => {
draggable.classList.add('hold');
setTimeout(() => (draggable.classList.add('invisible')), 0);
});
draggable.addEventListener('dragend', () => {
draggable.classList.remove('hold', 'invisible');
});
});
// functions for the containers
function dragOver() {
console.log('over');
}
function dragEnter() {
console.log('enter');
}
function dragLeave() {
console.log('leave');
}
function dragDrop() {
console.log('drop');
}
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
}
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Enigmatic duo BOGA premiered a new track via Huffington Post today – PRESS HERE to listen to "Song For You," a stunning slow-burn slice of trip-hop inspired by concepts of self-acceptance and embracing the present.
The duo, hearkening from somewhere between Paris, Toronto, and Los Angeles – recently shared their first ever music video, a cinematic and stormy black & white visual accompanying "What Do You Say" (PRESS HERE to watch) along with a remix of the single dedicated to Mobb Deep's Prodigy, which benefits the Foundation For Sickle Cell Research (PRESS HERE to listen). BOGA was introduced to the world via debut single "Soft Goodbye" (PRESS HERE to listen) – with more to come.
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E-I
R-V
Space Medicine
Biobots Use Optogenetic Muscle Actuators for Movement
Camera Measures Blood Pressure with Quick Look
Fluorescence Imaging System Illuminates Tumor Depth
Soft Robot Grows Like a Plant to Travel Through Tight Spaces
Belt Monitors Heart Failure Patients
Device Measures Hemoglobin More Accurately in Dark Skin
Electrospun Construct Mimics Elasticity of Blood Vessels
Extra Hot Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy
Making Tumors Tastier for the Immune System
Improved Membrane Coating for Anti-Cancer Nanoparticles
Magnetic Bacteria Target Tumors
Fingertip Sensor Measures Lithium Levels in Sweat
Fabric Makes Electricity from Movement to Power Wearables
Wearable Uses Microneedles to Track Metabolism
Intracranial Pressure Monitoring Market To Reach USD 1.97 Billion By 2026 | Reports and Data
Reports And Data Releases
Brazil According to the current analysis of Reports and Data, the global Intracranial Pressure Monitoring market was valued at USD 1.19 billion in 2018 and is expected to reach USD 1.97 billion by the year 2026, at a CAGR of 6.5%. Intracranial pressure monitoring (ICP) involves measuring the pressure in the skull by placing a small probe inside the skull, which is attached to the other end to a bedside monitor. The device senses the pressure inside the skull and sends the measurements to a recording device and hence can be compared with the normal range of the pressure inside the skull. The monitoring of intracranial pressure is used in treating various severe traumatic brain injuries, neurodegenerative diseases, and others.
Request free sample of this research report at: https://www.reportsanddata.com/sample-enquiry-form/2653
The key aspects acting as the growth factors include the rising prevalence of neurological disorders and traumatic accidents, which are anticipated to propel the market of intracranial pressure monitoring devices in the forecast period. For instance, according to the World Health Organization 2018, it is estimated that about sixty-nine million individuals worldwide are expected to sustain a Traumatic Brain Injury each year. Furthermore, escalating cases of brain infection, aneurysm, and meningitis would result in an amplified requirement for ICP monitoring.
An increase in the spending capacity of the individuals for the health care system is affecting boosting the market growth in the forecast period. For instance, according to the database of the World Health Organization, 2019 the two years into the Sustainable Development Goals era, global spending on health continues to rise which was US$ 7.8 trillion in 2017, suggesting about 10% of GDP and $1,080 per capita which has increased up from US$ 7.6 trillion in 2016. Moreover, the stringent regulation and the growing product recalls are anticipated to hamper the growth of the market in the coming years.
Further key findings from the report suggest
According to the World Health Organization 2018, it is estimated that about sixty-nine million individuals worldwide are expected to sustain a Traumatic Brain Injury each year. The growing rates of traumatic injuries are calculated to propel the market in the near future.
The stringent regulations of the market would decide the market growth in the forecast period. For instance, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in May 2019, announced a class I recall of Integra LifeSciences' LimiTorr Volume Limiting Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Drainage System and its MoniTorr Intracranial Pressure (ICP) External CSF Drainage and Monitoring Systems. A class I recall is the most severe type of recall in which the recalled product poses a grave risk of harm or death to the patient. The stringent regulations over the products would help the right quality products to grow in the forecast period.
The key players in this sector are focusing more on technological advancements. For instance, Raumedic has recently launched an intracranial pressure monitoring device for home use. The telemetric catheter, the device called Raumed Home ICP, measures the pressure inside the cranium – the intracranial pressure, or ICP. The product has recently received CE marking and was developed primarily for people who suffer from hydrocephalus.
The recent innovation in the intracranial pressure monitoring device includes the change in bioresorbable optical sensor systems, which uses millimeter-scale and bioresorbable Fabry-Perot interferometers and two-dimensional photonic crystal structures enabling accurate, continuous measurements of pressure and temperature.
Among the key market players, Branchpoint Technologies in 2018 announced that the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had granted 510(k) clearance for its AURA ICP Monitoring System. It includes a fully implantable and wireless intracranial pressure (ICP) sensor, which enables mobile ICP monitoring in brain-injured patients. The AURA system is entirely wireless in both the power and transmission of patient data directly to a bedside monitor. AURA enables telemetric monitoring of parenchymal ICP, including continuous ICP waveforms, and eliminates the need for additional capital equipment investments.
The global Intracranial Pressure Monitoring market is highly fragmented with major players like Medtronic Plc. (Ireland), RAUMEDIC Inc. (Germany), Integra LifeSciences Corporation (US), DePuy Synthes (US), Codman and Shurtleff , Inc., Vittamed, Spiegelberg GmbH & Co. KG (Germany), Sophysa SA (France), Orsan Medical Technologies, Boston Neurosciences (US), Terumo Corporation (US), and Natus Medical Incorporated (US).
Order Your Copy Now: https://www.reportsanddata.com/checkout-form/2653
For the purpose of this report, Reports and Data has segmented the Intracranial Pressure Monitoring market on the basis of techniques, applications, end-use and region:
Techniques Outlook (Revenue in Million USD; 2016–2026)
External Ventricular Drainage
Microtransducer ICP Monitoring Devices
Fibre Optic Devices
MRI/CT
Tymphanic Membrane Displacements
Applications Outlook (Revenue in Million USD; 2016–2026)
Traumatic Brain Surgery
CNS Infections
End-Use Outlook (Revenue in Million USD; 2016–2026)
Trauma Centers
To identify the key trends in the industry, click on the link below: https://www.reportsanddata.com/report-detail/intracranial-pressure-monitoring-market
Regional Outlook (Revenue in Million USD; 2016–2026)
Rest of the Europe
About Reports and Data
Reports and Data is a market research and consulting company that provides syndicated research reports, customized research reports, and consulting services. Our solutions purely focus on your purpose to locate, target and analyze consumer behavior shifts across demographics, across industries and help client's make a smarter business decision. We offer market intelligence studies ensuring relevant and fact-based research across a multiple industries including Healthcare, Technology, Chemicals, Power, and Energy. We consistently update our research offerings to ensure our clients are aware about the latest trends existent in the market. Reports and Data has a strong base of experienced analysts from varied areas of expertise.
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}
|
The Breakfast Table
Misplacing Parsley; Rehabbing Gore
May 20, 199912:46 PM
Morning, Steve:
I promise to be a lady today, at least part of the time.
News from Microsoft today, center of the known universe, has 100 corporate leaders finishing a meeting with Chairman Bill Gates. This is Gates' third annual CEO Summit, a gathering drawing execs from all over–people like Warren Buffett, Walt Disney's Michael Eisner, Paul O'Neill of Alcoa, and Queen of Chintz Martha Stewart from Martha's World or whatever she calls it.
The event is billed as a crash course in technology. Gates told the executives most companies don't come close to reaching their potential in using new technology.
Martha Stewart, preternaturally grouchy with the press, was grouchy with the press. At a news conference yesterday, someone asked about lunch menus. She let 'em have it: "It wears a little thin when people constantly ask me (at meetings like this) what we're having for lunch. Our e-commerce business is alive and well and thriving, and the information I'm gathering here will help me add value."
The highlight was last night's dinner at Gates' zillion-dollar mansion on Lake Washington. The Seattle Times reporter got the scoop on the menu: local baby lettuce with herbed goat cheese, and slow-roasted halibut with asparagus and potatoes.
If Gates had really liked his guests, he would have served Copper River salmon, the thick, sumptuous Alaskan salmon popular this time of year. But it's $18.99 a pound at the market, and with so many mouths to feed …
Can you imagine Martha Stewart pursing her lips at the dinner, trying to not to blurt out things like the napkins don't match the tablecloths or the sprig of parsley should be placed at the 2 o'clock position on the plate, not 8 o'clock?
Speaking of misplaced parsley, it looks like the rehabilitation of Al Gore is under way. Can Al Gore be saved? Newsweek has a flattering piece on him, casting the veep as Tipper's lifetime partner, not someone taking dictation from Bill Clinton. He is still understandably miffed about Clinton's dumb call to the New York Times drawing attention to the weaknesses of the Gore campaign.
Please tell me this isn't a fake fight.
What do you make of growing cracks in the NATO alliance over Kosovo? I lived in Italy for six months two years ago, and I have been expecting Italy to do something quirky. I see the Italian Parliament yesterday voted to seek a halt in the bombing.
As for underrated and overrated columnists, I was dodging you because I didn't have time to think about it. Let me clarify. I like Dowd and Lewis. I guess they're rated about right. I think the most overrated columnist is George Will, who hasn't written anything great outside of baseball and this week's well-deserved tribute to Meg Greenfield, the Washington Post editorial page editor and Newsweek columnist.
Brill's Content ranked Will among the lowest in terms of pundit accuracy.
I think Abe Rosenthal grows sillier by the day. But nobody expects much from him. Mark Shields is underrated. He is one of the smartest, most reasonable writers out there.
So, send me your list of writers who don't deserve a byline.
Joni Balter and Steve Chapman
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Anyways, all games are available on my blog.
When requesting a game to be ported please add the link to the game thread.
Probably want to add an actual hello to this, or ask @TCMS to move it. But welcome to the forums.
Nice. Since my laptop crapped out all I have is android.
Hi bro, i tried instal Our Fate... but after instaled, OBB not working right folder place.
I need to put obb where?
obb file needs to be in the root of sdcard like this: "sdcard/main.3.com.spear1403.fate.obb" or create folder inside "Android/obb" called com.spear1403.fate and put the file inside.
Thank You sir , i appreciate what you have done.I really bored to keep waiting a new port game from booom313 and i have played all his game. I hope you can make your own blog like Booom and luccisan.
Thank you sooo much dude!!
I'll be following your thread, hope it gets updated often.
Saucing out the good luck to you on your new venture.
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}
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This is a placeholder page for Joan Casale, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Joan Casale.
You are visiting the placeholder page for Joan Casale. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Joan Casale. We created this page automatically in hopes Joan Casale would find it. If you are not Joan Casale, but are an alumni of Fairfield Ludlowe High School, register on this site for free now.
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{
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}
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The Client has a broad variety of clients. Young startups established startups, corporates and German middle-sized companies that become creatively accelerated by enhancing their user experience and overall design. We are looking for a motivated and tech-savvy developer who is constantly growing with challenges.
Experience with different shop systems such as Ecwid, Shopify, woo commerce etc.
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Those three helped Bigg Boss…
Those three helped Bigg Boss Avinash clear all his debts and problems
Mukku Avinash is now officially being called Bibb Boss Avinash. He earned the name of entertainer in the house and won a lot of hearts while he was in the show. But this fame came at a big cost.
Avinash left the most popular show Jabardasth midway for the Bigg Boss opportunity. But the makers of the show did not leave him just like that as they asked him to pay a compensation of 10 lakhs to get out of the show.
In an interview, Avinash says that people like Sreemukhi, Chammak chandra and Get Up Sreenu gave him the money and saved his life. But he also says in a proud way that he has earned three times more money than he had to pay as compensation. Avinash says that this big amount cleared all his debts at once.
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DeSean Jackson returned to practice today.
Aaron Rodgers said he's going to play Week 16.
Sean McVay expects Todd Gurley to play.
James Conner said he's still "not ready" to return.
Adam Schefter reports Keenan Allen is expected to play.
The Pittsburgh Post-Gazette confirms James Conner is unlikely to play.
Saints designated WR Ted Ginn to return from IR. We could sure use him.
Josh Gordon is stepping away from football again due to his mental health.
And of course rumors have already started that he failed a drug test. But there is absolutely zero proof of that at this point.
I wondered as things got closer to high pressure games, and playoffs if that would tip him over into some type of panic. He has never faced playoffs and that pressure before.
Per PFT - they have a source at NFL media group that says he is facing another indefinite suspension.
DeSean Jackson is practicing again today. He was listed as limited yesterday.
Beckham missed again and is likely to miss yet another game.
Tyler Boyd did not practice again today. Look for John Ross to lead the Bengal receiving corp, not that that's saying much.
Shady says that he will play.
Flash has been suspended indefinitely.
Julio Jones is a GTD.
Keenan Allen is expected to play.
Gurley is a GTD. If he's that close to not being ready to play then why are the Rams considering using him?
Sammy Watkins is expected to miss.
Gore plans to return next season.
Hooper is ready to play.
Cobb is doubtful as is Spencer Ware.
Gronk is good to go.
KeKe and Lamar Miller are both out!
JuJu Smith-Schuster expects to play. Ugh! The dreaded I'm playing but I'm not 100% thing.
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Obtaining a Letter of Support from FAANG for your FAANG-related funding applications.
If you are interested in obtaining a FAANG Community Letter of Support (LOS) for your FAANG-related proposal for funding, the FAANG Steering Committee has developed the following guidelines.
The Steering Committee Co-Chairs can provide a LOS, provided that your project is willing to state that the data will be made publically available per the FAANG Data Sharing Statement. The expectation is that the proposed Principal Investigator/Director or co-PI/PD is a member of FAANG, and has agreed to these principles already. We further require that FAANG-supported projects to submit data to BioSamples in accordance with current FAANG Metadata standards, and cooperate with the FAANG Data Coordination Centre, as appropriate. Please see draft letters for additional details.
Please login in order to see the rest.
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China and Taiwan -- officially the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China, respectively -- separated in 1949 following the Communist victory in a civil war that saw the Nationalists flee to the island. The two sides have been governed separately since, though a shared cultural and linguistic heritage mostly endures -- with Mandarin spoken as the official language in both places. Bringing Taiwan back to the fold has eluded China's Communist leaders for nearly seven decades and would be a huge achievement for President Xi Jinping, who now has the option to rule for life. Nicaraguan students wave Taiwanese flags to welcome three Taiwanese Navy warships at Corinto port, some 149 kilometers northwest of Managua, on April 9, 2018. Nicaragua is one Taiwan's few diplomatic allies. Nicaraguan students wave Taiwanese flags to welcome three Taiwanese Navy warships at Corinto port, some 149 kilometers northwest of Managua, on April 9, 2018. Nicaragua is one Taiwan's few diplomatic allies. Chong-Pin Lin, a former deputy defense minister in Taiwan, said he believes reunification is still a long-term goal for Xi. For now, he says, Beijing is focused on deterring Taiwan from making a declaration of independence -- something that would be a huge embarrassment for Xi. "Beijing is skillful at applying psychological pressure on Taiwan," he says. President Tsai Ing-wen's Democratic Progressive Party has traditionally leaned in favor of formal independence from China, compared to Taiwan's other main political party, the Kuomintang, as the Nationalists are known locally. Although Tsai has been "very prudent" since being elected in 2016 and tried to restrain the more radical wing of her party, says Lin, Beijing may feel that she will look to appeal to her base as mid-term elections near. However, it's not just about the stick for Beijing. China has also been encouraging integration. In February, China's Taiwan Affairs Officer revealed 31 new measures to promote exchange and cooperate with Taipei, many of which make it easier for those from Taiwan to work, do business and study in mainland China, including teachers and doctors.
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Music Monday: 'La La Land' (Original Score) by Justin Hurwitz
May 9, 2022 Gissane Sophia music monday, music review
©2016 Interscope Records
While the film might divide critics and fans alike, there is no denying that the La La Land original score by Justin Hurwitz is something special. It's an easy escape towards a world that doesn't feel as daunting the way Los Angeles tends to be. (I can say this. I was born and raised here.) Somehow, the original score's strength has always been its ability to add magic to a place where it doesn't actually exist as often as people think it does.
While the original soundtrack comprised of songs by Emma Stone and Ryan Gosling is also lovely, the score is easier to go back to. It's what allows listeners to bring their own emotions to the already dazzling tracks.
The magic of "The Planetarium" and the heart of "Mia and Sebastian's Theme" will always be amongst the most listened to tracks, but I could personally wax poetic about "Epilogue" for hours on end.
Hurwitz's means of encapsulating everything we have into the "Epilogue" seems like a small feat, but its impact remains top-notch. It's the track that brilliantly takes us back, between, and forward in a way that's so utterly compelling it tackles all the right emotional beats.
La La Land's original score finds its strength in the piano first and foremost, and everything else follows in lovely unison. The film's appeal is the nostalgia factor above all things, and the score guides viewers through those emotions seamlessly. We connect with it the way we do because of the music and the performances.
"Epilogue" is a dazzling walk in the park–a culmination of emotions you didn't know you had, a story you didn't realize you're a part of, and something that just feels bigger than the current moment. It's been a few years now since its original release, and still, the single track manages to hit just as hard it did the first time.
Further Recommended Original Scores: Hidden Figures by Various Artists
Listen to the La La Land original score below and let us know which tracks are your favorite.
justin hurwitzla la landmusic mondaymusic review
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CRAPTASTIC: One Year Blogiversary and 750 Follower Giveaway!
Yep! I actually missed my one year blogiversary! It was back in January, but we can celebrate now! I promise to be good next year and actually plan ahead for my two year blogiversary!
I also promised a giveaway when I hit 750 followers, so I decided to roll them both into one celebration!
I made this adorable sweet scalloped tote inspired by See Kate Sew! It would be perfect to tote around a book and some snacks!
The lining is a plain turquoise fabric.
Then I have this cute travel bag. It's HUGE! It's about 13 x 8 - plenty of room to store all kinds of travel items!
I'll also be throwing in a CD with some of my favorite songs on it! Aren't you pumped?! You should be, I have incredible taste in music, or at least I think so!
Please leave a SEPARATE comment for each entry and provide an e-mail address if it is not attached to your profile!
1. Be a GFC follower of CRAPTASTIC!
2. Tell me where you would love to travel with your new tote and travel case.
3. Tell me one of your favorite CRAPTASTIC projects!
4. Blog about this giveaway!
I'll leave the giveaway open until Saturday, February 25 @ Midnight CST. I'll announce the winner the followeing Sunday!
Thank you all for your support and inspiration! You guys rock!
I was already following you through my blog account.. but I added you through my email :) Which I prefer anyway!
I love your coffee hugger... I think that was the first one that I saw that got me here.
Congrats on hitting some milestones! I followed you via email.
These are beautiful! I follow your blog.
I'm going with my hubby to the Finger Lakes region of NY in June, I would bring it there for sure!
I so need this, I have a slight obsession with cute bags! The kid and i are traveling to a wedding in May this would be perfect for the trip!
Congrats on your belated blogiversary and 750 followers...thats a ton! I'm obviously a follower!
Hmmm, where I would take the tote? Well, honestly I would use it as diaper bag number two. Not glamorous, I know. But when the boys go to different places, like one with Grandma and one with me, I need two bags!
I would have to say that at the moment my favorite craptastic project is your zebra table... I've been following your tutorial to make a design on end table I'm doing!
congrats!!!!! what a milestone! you know i am a follower!
i would take my tote with me to school to make all the momes jealous. i might be still wearing my workout clothes and have greasy hair and no make up, but no one will notice when they see my tote.
my favorite project is your thread organizer... i still dream about it.
first of all, congrats on your blogiversary and 750 followers! how exciting!
As for where I would travel, my husband and I are trying to move to Uganda and this would be a great to take with me! I would most likely fill the travel bag with medicine and tampons and other "luxuries" i won't have over there and I would use the tote for my daily travels while we live there!
My favorite Craptastic projects are any of your pillows and the double wine tote bag!
Thanks for having such a wonderful giveaway! I just love the scalloped tote!
I'm going to NYC next month...would love to be toting them with me!
Congrats on blogiversary and followers. Of course, I'm one of them. Thanks for the great giveaway.
Oh, I would love to travel to Israel. Thanks for an extra chance to win.
Happy Anniversary Katie! You know I'm happy to be following along!
I have been wanted to go to Savannah for the longest time! Maybe it will happen this year, a girl can wish!
I am a follower!! This just reminded me I never responded to your email, I'll try to get to that. But I love the bags!
Let's be honest, I would love to travel to some fun and exciting place, but honestly, my travels consist of going to TN!
One of my favorite projects?!?! Hmmm...there are so many! I'll just go back to my latest favorite, your fabric shelf thingy you redid, it's beautiful!
oh my word...where would I travel...?! I want to go somewhere WARM right now...Carribean?!
Headed to Austin for Spring Break to see my BFF!
I think this little set would like to go to Disney World with me!! I'm hoping to go sometime this year!
I love all your projects! My favorite? Hmm... All your furniture re-dos! Especially the green ghost buster dresser! So fun!! Thanks for the great giveaway!
I see that tote going everywhere with me this summer! So cute!
My fav is your "king to queen" chair. I love your color choices!
I going to Alaska this summer & an extra tote ( especially one that's this beautiful) would sure be handy.
I'm a new follower!! Happy Blogiversary!!!
1. I'm a follower of your AWESOME blog!!
4. I blogged about you!!
I love the furniture flips, they make any room happy!!
Happy belated blogiversary!! I am a follower!! LOVE your blog!
I would love to take my new tote to the library...one of my favorite places!
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Mercedes-Benz of Southampton is proud to offer drivers in the Riverhead, NY area a wide selection of the latest 2019 Mercedes-Benz vehicles, and we invite you to explore our showroom to find the vehicle that is right for your lifestyle. From adventurous SUVs like the 2019 Mercedes-Benz GLS 450, to the sleek 2019 C Class sedan, Mercedes-Benz of Southampton has something for everyone! If you have any questions, or would like to test drive some vehicles, stop by our Southampton, NY, Mercedes-Benz dealership today, or give us a call!
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Pennsylvania As The New Natural Gas Giant
Created: March 22nd, 2019
Quietly for much of the country, coal legend Pennsylvania has become the second most vital natural gas state
At over 18 Bcf/d, Pennsylvania now yields over 20% of all U.S. gas, only behind Texas' 22 Bcf/d. In the 10 years since a shale revolution took flight in its Marcellus play, Pennsylvania's gas output has exploded 32-fold.
Over that time, Pennsylvania has been responsible for 6 Tcf of the entire nation's 11.6 Tcf of new gas supply. With so much gas being produced and transacted in the region, some have even suggested that Dominion South hub 40 miles northeast of Pittsburgh should become the new benchmark for U.S. gas prices, taking over for Henry Hub in Louisiana.
For its own part, with massive low cost local supply, Pennsylvania has been turning more to natural gas to meet energy demand.
Gas is now 35% of Pennsylvania's power generation, up from 23% in 2012. And why not? As demonstrated a few years ago, more gas has displaced coal and lowered Pennsylvania's power sector CO2 emissions by 30%. Over the past decade, gas has doubled its share of Pennsylvania's total power capacity. From 2016-2018, Pennsylvania saw some 16 new gas plants being built worth $15 billion.
And as more coal and nuclear plants get pulled offline (e.g., infamous Three Mile Island will be retired this year), and intermittent renewables remain limited, even more gas will be required. To be sure, however, Pennsylvania has become a key battleground for those looking to subsidize uneconomical nuclear plants, something that could cost consumers hundreds of millions of dollars.
The state is also looking to become a shale-based manufacturing hub for plastics, with an initial ethane cracker plant from Shell beginning operations next year 30 miles northwest of Pittsburgh.
Those other states that are turning more and more to gas, yet do not produce much themselves, should take notice exporter Pennsylvania will need to keep more at home. "Pennsylvania's Natural Gas To The Rescue." These import dependent states should be doing more to produce what they can, namely gas-based New York since the state is blessed with its own Marcellus reserves, yet all the while even blocks pipelines carrying more Pennsylvanian gas into The Empire State.
Moreover, Pennsylvania's Governor Tom Wolf's $4.5 billion proposal for a gas severance tax would not just be a problem for Pennsylvania but also for the other states that rely on its gas. Pennsylvania's legislature, however, has refused to approve the tax over the past few years because it could disrupt a booming shale gas industry.
In other words, higher taxes and/or more regulations in gas giant Pennsylvania could have a negative ripple effect across the country (and really even the world as U.S. LNG exports ramp up).
This could jeopardize the entire U.S. electric power system: already at a leading 45% of installed capacity, EIA projects that gas will add 18% more capacity across the nation in the coming decades than wind and solar combined.
Natural gas has replaced coal in PA and is now the state's main source of power.
DATA SOURCE: EIA; JTC
Not just surging production, Pennsylvania also has rising demand.
Pennsylvania's gas production increased nearly 15% in 2018, bolstered by the rush in summer and early-fall to fill new capacity on the Atlantic Sunrise pipeline system. Also helping, "Hedging Helps Ensure Surging Appalachia Natural Gas Production."
Just five companies produce 65-70% of Pennsylvania's natural gas. But, more capital discipline and less drilling from EQT, Cabot, and Range Resources this year could mean slower growth.
The future remains very bright. Thanks to evolving technologies and practices, numerous Marcellus gas producers can breakeven when gas prices are just $2.15 per MMBtu or even below. The mighty Marcellus holds a staggering 125 Tcf of proven reserves, with the resource being many times higher.
Even with booming production, Pennsylvania's role as a gas giant continues to be constrained by a lack of pipelines that ship gas out of the state. As predicted a few years ago, there is now some $30-35 billion in pipelines coming to Appalachia. This is why the region is at the heart of EIA's 1-2% projected annual increase for U.S. gas production for decades to come.
These critical infrastructure projects, however, often face delays and enough skilled labor is a growing concern as Baby Boomers retire.
New pipelines taking gas out of the state will help producers sell their gas to more distant, higher-priced markets. The Appalachia gas boom continues to transform the U.S. pipeline network, with flows becoming more east to west and east to south. Dominion South's discount to national prices in recent years will be a lowering differential as more pipelines come online and enhance gas-on-gas competition.
Ultimately, the industry must be careful to not let a flood of Marcellus gas swamp demand and sink prices to unsustainable levels. Unlike U.S. oil producers, the gas industry has no OPEC to coordinate supply restrictions to lift prices. Indeed, new midstream to get more distant Appalachian gas to LNG export terminals will be key
Pennsylvania is now producing around 18-19 Bcf/d.
DATA SOURCE: PDEP; JTC
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
See What Your Manicurist Sees When Looking at Your Fingernails!
The manicurist might not recognize the symptoms your fingernails portray. However, some practitioners of Eastern and Western Medicine or of Holistic Healing Modalities can identify health problems by looking at your fingernails before you cover them up with nail polish.
Here are some resources before we continue. They help define our terms of Eastern, Western, and Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM / holistic healing). They also provide more pictures and links than I can include in this blog.
The National Institute of Health (NIH) compares Eastern and Western approaches to medicine and health.
An easier way to understand it may be found in the blog of a person who has practiced "all of the above." Dr. Emili Kim describes his findings.
I am neither a physician nor a practitioner of Eastern Medicine. However, I am certified in a number of holistic healing (CAM) methods. I can share what they know and what I know as you stare at your fingernails.
Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, alternative medicine, and now Western medicine often agree on the value of "reading" fingernails (and toenails), eyes, ears, and tongues in the diagnostic process.
It is how reflexologists can help you by manipulating points on your ears! Of course, that implies you can help yourself by massaging your own ears (hands, feet, etc.)!
Louise Hay's books, "Heal Your Body" and "You Can Heal Your Life" include a list of most body parts and the associations of psychological or emotional issues with symptoms. Those indicators occur when the body is communicating with you about issues to which you need to pay attention. Louise then offers affirmations for each condition. They can help you change your thinking and heal your body in the process. Although she passed away, her work goes on, and you can learn from her and her followers.
Today, we're going to concentrate on fingernails analysis. We'll see what relationships exist between physical organs and fingernail appearances. Then, we'll look at the psychological states relating to those appearances. More about that in a minute.
Briefly, my favorite little book about Ayurvedic science is by Dr. Vasant Lad. It is called, Ayurveda, the Science of Self-Healing.
Lad also authored The Complete Book of Ayurvedic Remedies, available through Amazon and elsewhere. To learn more about Ayurveda, Click Here.
This link to the Deepak Chopra's healing center will give you much more insight and information about it.
Below are some examples of disease conditions related to the visible state of your fingernails. I've included links for Dr. Lad, The Guild of Naturopathic Iridologists International, Natural Health Techniques Fingernail Analysis, and WebMD. They have articles about fingernails and health. Here's another one about health and beauty. https://www.health.com/beauty/nail-health.
These fingers (or "digits") reflect conditions in various organs and body systems, as follows.
Thumb: brain, excretory system and reproductive organs.
Index Finger: liver, gallbladder, and the nervous system.
Middle Finger: heart and circulation.
Ring Finger: reproductive organs and the hormonal system.
Now, let's match that up with Louise Hay's list of what each finger signifies. She says fingers represent the "details of life." She offers affirmations to help you address these issues as relates to your own life.
There are lots of conditions which may be indicated by this symptom. You and your healthcare provider will have to determine which ones are applicable to you. Here are some possibilities.
Nails, according to Louise Hay, relate to "protection." Physically, they protect the fingers which we use to reach out in life and to do work. Even the cuticle of the nails provides protection against disease and infection. That, by the way, is why your manicurist should "push back" the cuticles gently, NOT cut them!
What Is The Point of Talking About Fingernails?
The objective is to remind you that your body "talks to you." It provides many clues about issues you must address while they're still small. Body, mind, emotions, and soul are connected. They constantly strive for good health and balance. We must help achieve that. Don't just "cross your fingers" and hope for the best! Take action.
I cannot and do not diagnose or claim to cure any physical or medical condition. I recommend you contact your healthcare provider(s) for good advice.
Let's Get Well, Stay Well, Live Well and Change Our Lives Together Now!
This entry was posted in Fingernail Analysis, Holistic Healilng, Holistic Healing, Symptoms, Wellness, Wellness Therapies and tagged Ayurveda, body mind, body mind connection, complementary and alternative medicine, Eastern Medicine, Fingernails, good health, integrative medicine, medicine, nails, natural healing, Western Medicine by Nancy Ayanna Wyatt. Bookmark the permalink.
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
What Kind of Car Is Best For College Students?
Transportation is essential in the modern world.
It doesn't matter if you're a busy professional who works in advertising.
It doesn't matter if you're a college student who has a hectic schedule. You need to have dependable transportation options in place at all times. A vehicle can be helpful to college students who are all about convenience.
College students need to be able to travel to their classes on a daily basis. If you want to be able to make it to your biology or history course on time, then it can help you greatly to have a dependable and contemporary vehicle in your possession. A good car can keep issues with tardiness out of your life.
Covering college tuition can often be difficult for struggling students. That's the reason that many college students have no option but to take on part-time positions.
Lack of a car can often make getting to and from part-time jobs hard. It can sometimes even make it unrealistic. A good car can open college students up to all kinds of part-time gigs.
If you want to purchase a vehicle for classes, part-time jobs, and other things, you should stop by a reputable Nissan dealership nearby any time you can. Vehicles can also come in handy for college students who need to travel to extracurricular activities.
Some college students take part in athletics. Others take part in literary efforts that are associated with their educational institutions. Being able to get to meetings and practices on time is vital.
College students are living and breathing human beings just like anyone else. They need to shop at grocery stores. They need to head to their friends' houses for relaxation and soothing dinners. If you're a typical college student who wants to lead a fulfilling daily existence, then the assistance of a car can do you a universe of good.
Vehicle ownership can simplify so many tasks for hard-working college students. It can simplify shopping for groceries and basic necessities. It can make navigating social lives markedly easier as well.
Vehicles are necessary for many people in contemporary society. College students just aren't an exception. College students who want to take part in balanced, convenient, and fulfilling educational journeys should explore their choices in vehicles as soon as possible. It's imperative to invest in the right car.
Beware of Flood Damaged Cars!
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
OCM provides custom and stock color coil/sheet to Architectural sheet metal shops. Due to our miniumum of 850 linear feet, quick turnaround time, and excellent customer service, our market share has grown substantially in this industry. Our intermix system allows OCM to match custom colors and turnaround color samples quickly.
OCM's paintline, slitter, and embosser allows us to serve the Building Products industry. Our Cedar and Driftwood embossing rolls give pre-painted coils the look of real wood while maintaining the durability of Aluminum. OCM provides this material in various custom colors, finishes, and paint systems.
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
By F.H. Rainbow
Change and transformation are two overused and loosely defined words. At the Naval Institute, we define these words by actions.We have a new Press Director—Mark Gatlin. Mark worked most recently ...
"Forward Resuscitative Surgery in Operation Iraqi Freedom"(See H. R. Bohman, B. C. Baker, R. A. Stevens, pp. 73-76, February 2004 Proceedings)Captain Robin I. Davidson, M.D., U.S. Naval Reserve, Department of ...
by Ric Smith
World Naval Developments: Missile's Era Ends
By Norman Friedman, Author, The Naval Institute Guide to World Naval Weapon Systems
At the end of 2003, the Italian Navy retired the training cruiser Vittorio Veneto, ending the half-century career of the Terrier/Standard ER series of missiles. The history of these weapons ...
U.S. Shipyards Navigate between a Rock and a Hard Place
By Scott Truver
With fewer yards, orders, and workers, the U.S. shipbuilding and repair industry of the 21st century is remaking itself to survive, and perhaps thrive.
The Legend—and Lessons—of Jessica Lynch
By Captain James F. Kelly Jr., U.S. Navy (Retired)
Private Lynch suffered greatly and nearly died from her injuries and was properly awarded the Purple Heart. But the Bronze Star?
We Need Another "Greatest Generation"
By Dennis M. McCarthy
From 1941 to 1945, citizens of the Quad Cities—four towns straddling the Illinois-Iowa border in the heartland of America—worked in war industries, bought war bonds, and rationed sugar. They sent ...
World Navies in Review: World's Navies Are in Decline
By A. D. Baker III
The fleets of the world's navies continued to decline in numbers in 2003, with many governments, particularly in Europe, planning further cuts in current platforms and future construction programs. Only ...
International Navies Photo Contest
The Commanders Respond
From Southeast Asia to the jungles of Colombia, navies are confronting terrorism around the world. This year, the Naval Institute asked the commanders of the world's navies: "What do you ...
Joint Support Ship: Transformation or White Elephant?
By Dr. Paul T. Mitchell
The Joint Support Ship will mean a plunge into deeper international defense waters for the Canadian Navy—but at what cost?In the next six years, the Canadian Navy likely will ...
Counterdrug Ops Offer a Chance to Excel
By Lieutenant Commander William R. Daly, USN
Viewed from a long-term perspective, counterdrug operations—such as the recent counterdrug deployment of the Thomas S. Gates (CG-51)—are good for the country, the Navy, and the ship.Surface warfare officers ...
Building an Effective Maritime Neighborhood Watch in the Caribbean
By Commander Joseph M. Vojvodich, USCG
On receiving the Department of State's 2002 George P. Shultz Public Service Award, then-Coast Guard Commandant Admiral James M. Loy stated, "Once you lock your doors and windows and install ...
Cobras Rock in Iraqi Freedom
By Captain Allen D. Grinalds, USMC
During combat operations in Iraq, the grunts wanted Cobras, and the Marine Corps rotary-wing community obliged, providing close air support and armed reconnaissance. Now it is time to evaluate that ...
The Reign in Spain
By Kit Bonner
A year ago, my wife and I spent a few weeks in Spain, Portugal, and Morocco, and as usual were in search of naval information and photos no one else ...
MBAs Build War Fighters
By Lieutenant Nathan Kring, USN
Senior leaders are drawing on business experience to transform the military. The Navy should seize every opportunity to provide its officers with business education, such as programs leading to masters ...
The Navy Must Put People First
By Greg Maxwell and J. Robert Bost
A key element of "Sea Power 21" is the Sea Warrior initiative, which will "serve as the foundation for warfighting effectiveness by ensuring the right skills are in the right ...
Women at Sea: "It's All about Leadership"
By Lori Lyn Bogle
In honor of Women's History Month, we review a recent symposium spanning 25 sometimes turbulent years of integrating women into the fleet. In jobs as diverse as training in an ...
Nobody Asked Me, But...More Ships Should Be Named for Women
By Commander Darlene M. Iskra, U.S. Navy (Retired)
The third ship to be named the Mason (DDG-87) was commissioned in April 2003. The first Mason (DD-191) was named for John Young Mason, secretary of the Navy under Presidents ...
Light This Candle: The Life and Times of Alan Shepard, America's First Spaceman Neal Thompson. New York: Crown, 2004. 464 pp. Photos. Bib. Index. $27.50.Reviewed by David HartmanIt ...
Nobody Asked Me, But...Where Are the Weapons of Mass Destruction?
By Lieutenant Commander Richard Riggs, U.S. Navy
On 11 September 2001, my Department Head School classmates and I watched in horror as the Pentagon and World Trade Center were attacked. With orders to an Aegis destroyer and ...
Naval Systems: NRAC Brings Intellectual Firepower to the Navy
By Ed Walsh
The Naval Research Advisory Committee (NRAC) is assembling panels of senior science and technology experts to carry out three top-level summer studies for the secretary of the Navy, the Chief ...
Lest We Forget: Randall "Duke" Cunningham; Patrol Squadron 49
By Lieutenant Commander Thomas J. Cutler, USN (Ret.), and Lieutenant Commander Rick Burgess, USN (Ret.)
Randall "Duke" CunninghamOn 19 January 1972, an F-4 Phantom II piloted by Lieutenant Randall "Duke" Cunningham took off from the USS Constellation (CV-64) on a mission over North Vietnam. Operating ...
Charting Your Course: Graduate Schools Want You
By Christopher Michel
A graduate degree is rapidly becoming a prerequisite for senior leaders in the armed services and in corporate America. Fortunately, your military credentials provide a ticket into some of the ...
In His Own Words: James E. Wise Jr. I come from a family of stockyards workers—modest, hard-working people. To my knowledge, none of my ancestors served in the military; they ...
From Our Archive: USS Boxer (CVA-21)
AD Skyraiders and F4U Corsairs pack the deck of the USS Boxer (CVA-21), entering a dry dock at Yokosuka, Japan, in 1951. (To learn how shipbuilding and repair have changed ...
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}
|
PHILADELPHIA (AP) — Joel Embiid had 28 points and 14 rebounds, and the Philadelphia 76ers extended their season-high win streak to seven with a 116-105 victory over the Orlando Magic on Saturday.
Six 76ers scored in double figures. Ben Simmons had 17 points and seven assists, and 3-point specialist J.J. Redick added 16 points on 6-for-8 shooting – and just one 3-pointer. Marco Belinelli had 15 points, Robert Covington had 12 and Dario Saric scored 11.
Aaron Gordon led Orlando with 20 points, including four 3s, to go with seven rebounds and seven assists. Evan Fournier scored 16 points, and former Sixer Nik Vucevic had 15 points and nine rebounds for the Magic, who have lost five straight.
Philadelphia led 58-40 at halftime and 71-49 in the third when Orlando used an 11-2 burst, capped by Aaron Gordon's 3-pointer, to close within 13.
Embiid overpowered a few Magic defenders for a slam, and then gestured to the crowd after being fouled while soaring to the hoop on a dunk attempt. After Embiid and Trevor Booker swatted consecutive shots in the final seconds, T.J. McConnell used a crossover move to finish a drive at the buzzer and give the Sixers an 87-71 lead entering the fourth.
Orlando used a late 15-2 run to get within nine and nearly cut it to six with 1:21 left, but a 3-point attempt by Mario Hezonja spilled out.
Midway through the first quarter, Philadelphia had more turnovers (three) than field goals (two) and trailed 15-6. The Sixers then erupted for a 21-3 run and ended the quarter up 27-18.
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}
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Here we provide Remove & Add Watermark 1.6-Lite-LiteEN APK file for Android 4.0.3+ and up. Remove & Add Watermark app is listed in Video Players & Editors category of app store. This is newest and latest version of Remove & Add Watermark ( com.bongasoft.addremovewatermark ). It's easy to download and install to your mobile phone. Download the app using your favorite browser and click on install to install the app, do not forget allow app installation from unknown sources.
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
This listing represents our first hour together.
Once it is purchased, you will receive an email from me so we can schedule our time together. Contact options are by phone and Skype. If you are local to Charlotte we can meet in person at a convenient coffee shop.
If we need more time in this meeting, each additional hour is $50, I will create a special invoice for you if this happens.
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
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// Copyright 2019 The Chromium Authors
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.
package org.chromium.chrome.browser.tasks.tab_management;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.instanceOf;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;
import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.any;
import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyBoolean;
import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyInt;
import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.eq;
import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.isA;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.doNothing;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.doReturn;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.never;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verifyZeroInteractions;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.text.Editable;
import android.text.TextWatcher;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.rules.TestRule;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
import org.mockito.Captor;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.MockitoAnnotations;
import org.robolectric.Robolectric;
import org.robolectric.annotation.Config;
import org.chromium.base.Callback;
import org.chromium.base.ContextUtils;
import org.chromium.base.supplier.ObservableSupplier;
import org.chromium.base.test.BaseRobolectricTestRunner;
import org.chromium.chrome.browser.flags.ChromeFeatureList;
import org.chromium.chrome.browser.share.ShareDelegate;
import org.chromium.chrome.browser.tab.Tab;
import org.chromium.chrome.browser.tab.TabCreationState;
import org.chromium.chrome.browser.tab.TabImpl;
import org.chromium.chrome.browser.tab.TabLaunchType;
import org.chromium.chrome.browser.tab.TabSelectionType;
import org.chromium.chrome.browser.tab.state.CriticalPersistedTabData;
import org.chromium.chrome.browser.tabmodel.TabCreator;
import org.chromium.chrome.browser.tabmodel.TabCreatorManager;
import org.chromium.chrome.browser.tabmodel.TabModel;
import org.chromium.chrome.browser.tabmodel.TabModelFilterProvider;
import org.chromium.chrome.browser.tabmodel.TabModelObserver;
import org.chromium.chrome.browser.tabmodel.TabModelSelectorImpl;
import org.chromium.chrome.browser.tasks.tab_groups.TabGroupModelFilter;
import org.chromium.chrome.browser.ui.messages.snackbar.Snackbar;
import org.chromium.chrome.browser.ui.messages.snackbar.SnackbarManager;
import org.chromium.chrome.tab_ui.R;
import org.chromium.chrome.test.util.browser.Features;
import org.chromium.content_public.browser.LoadUrlParams;
import org.chromium.ui.KeyboardVisibilityDelegate;
import org.chromium.ui.base.TestActivity;
import org.chromium.ui.modelutil.PropertyModel;
import org.chromium.url.GURL;
import org.chromium.url.JUnitTestGURLs;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Tests for {@link TabGridDialogMediator}.
*/
@SuppressWarnings({"ArraysAsListWithZeroOrOneArgument", "ResultOfMethodCallIgnored"})
@RunWith(BaseRobolectricTestRunner.class)
@Config(manifest = Config.NONE)
// clang-format off
@Features.EnableFeatures({ChromeFeatureList.TAB_GROUPS_ANDROID})
@Features.DisableFeatures(ChromeFeatureList.TAB_GROUPS_CONTINUATION_ANDROID)
public class TabGridDialogMediatorUnitTest {
// clang-format on
@Rule
public TestRule mProcessor = new Features.JUnitProcessor();
private static final String TAB1_TITLE = "Tab1";
private static final String TAB2_TITLE = "Tab2";
private static final String TAB3_TITLE = "Tab3";
private static final String DIALOG_TITLE1 = "1 tab";
private static final String DIALOG_TITLE2 = "2 tabs";
private static final String REMOVE_BUTTON_STRING = "Remove";
private static final String CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE = "Cool Tabs";
private static final int TAB1_ID = 456;
private static final int TAB2_ID = 789;
private static final int TAB3_ID = 123;
private static final int POSITION1 = 0;
private static final int POSITION2 = 1;
@Mock
View mView;
@Mock
TabGridDialogMediator.DialogController mDialogController;
@Mock
TabModelSelectorImpl mTabModelSelector;
@Mock
TabCreatorManager mTabCreatorManager;
@Mock
TabCreator mTabCreator;
@Mock
TabSwitcherMediator.ResetHandler mTabSwitcherResetHandler;
@Mock
TabGridDialogMediator.AnimationSourceViewProvider mAnimationSourceViewProvider;
@Mock
TabModelFilterProvider mTabModelFilterProvider;
@Mock
TabGroupModelFilter mTabGroupModelFilter;
@Mock
TabModel mTabModel;
@Mock
TabSelectionEditorCoordinator.TabSelectionEditorController mTabSelectionEditorController;
@Mock
TabGroupTitleEditor mTabGroupTitleEditor;
@Mock
EditText mTitleTextView;
@Mock
Editable mEditable;
@Mock
ObservableSupplier<ShareDelegate> mShareDelegateSupplier;
@Mock
SnackbarManager mSnackbarManager;
@Captor
ArgumentCaptor<TabModelObserver> mTabModelObserverCaptor;
private TabImpl mTab1;
private TabImpl mTab2;
private Activity mActivity;
private PropertyModel mModel;
private TabGridDialogMediator mMediator;
@Before
public void setUp() {
MockitoAnnotations.initMocks(this);
mTab1 = prepareTab(TAB1_ID, TAB1_TITLE);
mTab2 = prepareTab(TAB2_ID, TAB2_TITLE);
List<Tab> tabs1 = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1));
List<Tab> tabs2 = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab2));
List<TabModel> tabModelList = new ArrayList<>();
tabModelList.add(mTabModel);
doReturn(mTabModel).when(mTabModelSelector).getCurrentModel();
doReturn(tabModelList).when(mTabModelSelector).getModels();
doReturn(mTabModelFilterProvider).when(mTabModelSelector).getTabModelFilterProvider();
doReturn(mTabGroupModelFilter).when(mTabModelFilterProvider).getCurrentTabModelFilter();
doReturn(POSITION1).when(mTabGroupModelFilter).indexOf(mTab1);
doReturn(POSITION2).when(mTabGroupModelFilter).indexOf(mTab2);
doReturn(mTab1).when(mTabGroupModelFilter).getTabAt(POSITION1);
doReturn(mTab2).when(mTabGroupModelFilter).getTabAt(POSITION2);
doReturn(tabs1).when(mTabGroupModelFilter).getRelatedTabList(TAB1_ID);
doReturn(tabs2).when(mTabGroupModelFilter).getRelatedTabList(TAB2_ID);
doReturn(mTab1).when(mTabModelSelector).getCurrentTab();
doReturn(mTab1).when(mTabModelSelector).getTabById(TAB1_ID);
doReturn(mTab2).when(mTabModelSelector).getTabById(TAB2_ID);
doReturn(TAB1_ID).when(mTabModelSelector).getCurrentTabId();
doReturn(2).when(mTabModel).getCount();
doReturn(mTab1).when(mTabModel).getTabAt(POSITION1);
doReturn(mTab2).when(mTabModel).getTabAt(POSITION2);
doReturn(POSITION1).when(mTabModel).indexOf(mTab1);
doReturn(POSITION2).when(mTabModel).indexOf(mTab2);
doNothing()
.when(mTabModelFilterProvider)
.addTabModelFilterObserver(mTabModelObserverCaptor.capture());
doReturn(mView).when(mAnimationSourceViewProvider).getAnimationSourceViewForTab(anyInt());
doReturn(mTabCreator).when(mTabCreatorManager).getTabCreator(anyBoolean());
doReturn(mEditable).when(mTitleTextView).getText();
doReturn(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE).when(mEditable).toString();
if (!TabUiFeatureUtilities.isTabGroupsAndroidContinuationEnabled(
ContextUtils.getApplicationContext())) {
mTabSelectionEditorController = null;
}
mActivity = Robolectric.buildActivity(TestActivity.class).get();
mModel = new PropertyModel(TabGridPanelProperties.ALL_KEYS);
mMediator = new TabGridDialogMediator(mActivity, mDialogController, mModel,
mTabModelSelector, mTabCreatorManager, mTabSwitcherResetHandler,
mAnimationSourceViewProvider, mShareDelegateSupplier, mSnackbarManager, "");
// TabModelObserver is registered when native is ready.
assertThat(mTabModelObserverCaptor.getAllValues().isEmpty(), equalTo(true));
mMediator.initWithNative(mTabSelectionEditorController, mTabGroupTitleEditor);
assertThat(mTabModelObserverCaptor.getAllValues().isEmpty(), equalTo(false));
}
@Test
public void setupListenersAndObservers() {
// These listeners and observers should be setup when the mediator is created.
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.COLLAPSE_CLICK_LISTENER),
instanceOf(View.OnClickListener.class));
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.ADD_CLICK_LISTENER),
instanceOf(View.OnClickListener.class));
}
@Test
@Features.EnableFeatures(ChromeFeatureList.TAB_GROUPS_CONTINUATION_ANDROID)
public void setupTabGroupsContinuation_flagEnabled() {
assertThat(TabUiFeatureUtilities.isTabGroupsAndroidContinuationEnabled(
ContextUtils.getApplicationContext()),
equalTo(true));
// Setup editable title.
assertThat(mMediator.getKeyboardVisibilityListenerForTesting(),
instanceOf(KeyboardVisibilityDelegate.KeyboardVisibilityListener.class));
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_TEXT_WATCHER),
instanceOf(TextWatcher.class));
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_TEXT_ON_FOCUS_LISTENER),
instanceOf(View.OnFocusChangeListener.class));
// Setup selection editor for ungrouping.
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.MENU_CLICK_LISTENER),
instanceOf(View.OnClickListener.class));
verify(mTabSelectionEditorController)
.configureToolbar(eq(REMOVE_BUTTON_STRING), anyInt(),
any(TabSelectionEditorActionProvider.class), eq(1), eq(null));
}
@Test
public void setupTabGroupsContinuation_flagDisabled() {
assertThat(TabUiFeatureUtilities.isTabGroupsAndroidContinuationEnabled(
ContextUtils.getApplicationContext()),
equalTo(false));
assertThat(mMediator.getKeyboardVisibilityListenerForTesting(), equalTo(null));
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_TEXT_WATCHER), equalTo(null));
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_TEXT_ON_FOCUS_LISTENER), equalTo(null));
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.MENU_CLICK_LISTENER), equalTo(null));
assertNull(mTabSelectionEditorController);
}
@Test
public void onClickAdd_HasCurrentTab() {
// Mock that the animation source view is not null, and the dialog is showing.
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW, mView);
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB1_ID);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, true);
View.OnClickListener listener = mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.ADD_CLICK_LISTENER);
listener.onClick(mView);
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW), equalTo(null));
verify(mDialogController).resetWithListOfTabs(null);
verify(mTabCreator)
.createNewTab(
isA(LoadUrlParams.class), eq(TabLaunchType.FROM_TAB_GROUP_UI), eq(mTab1));
}
@Test
public void onClickAdd_NoCurrentTab() {
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(Tab.INVALID_TAB_ID);
View.OnClickListener listener = mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.ADD_CLICK_LISTENER);
listener.onClick(mView);
verify(mTabCreator).launchNTP();
}
@Test
public void onClickCollapse() {
// Mock that the keyboard and the dialog are showing.
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, true);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_KEYBOARD_VISIBLE, true);
View.OnClickListener listener = mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.COLLAPSE_CLICK_LISTENER);
listener.onClick(mView);
verify(mDialogController).resetWithListOfTabs(null);
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_KEYBOARD_VISIBLE), equalTo(false));
}
@Test
public void onClickScrim() {
// Show the group of {tab1, tab2} in dialog to trigger the set of scrim observer.
List<Tab> tabgroup = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1, mTab2));
createTabGroup(tabgroup, TAB1_ID);
mMediator.onReset(tabgroup);
Runnable scrimClickRunnable = mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.SCRIMVIEW_CLICK_RUNNABLE);
scrimClickRunnable.run();
verify(mDialogController).resetWithListOfTabs(null);
}
@Test
@Features.EnableFeatures(ChromeFeatureList.TAB_GROUPS_CONTINUATION_ANDROID)
public void onTitleTextChange_WithoutFocus() {
TextWatcher textWatcher = mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_TEXT_WATCHER);
// Mock tab1 is the current tab for the dialog.
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB1_ID);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE, TAB1_TITLE);
assertThat(mEditable.toString(), equalTo(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE));
textWatcher.afterTextChanged(mEditable);
// TabGroupTitleEditor should not react to text change when there is no focus.
verify(mTabGroupTitleEditor, never()).storeTabGroupTitle(anyInt(), any(String.class));
verify(mTabGroupTitleEditor, never()).updateTabGroupTitle(any(Tab.class), anyString());
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE), equalTo(TAB1_TITLE));
assertThat(mMediator.getCurrentGroupModifiedTitleForTesting(), equalTo(null));
}
@Test
@Features.EnableFeatures(ChromeFeatureList.TAB_GROUPS_CONTINUATION_ANDROID)
public void onTitleTextChange_WithFocus() {
TextWatcher textWatcher = mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_TEXT_WATCHER);
// Mock tab1 is the current tab for the dialog.
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB1_ID);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE, TAB1_TITLE);
assertThat(mEditable.toString(), equalTo(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE));
// Focus on title TextView.
View.OnFocusChangeListener listener =
mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_TEXT_ON_FOCUS_LISTENER);
listener.onFocusChange(mTitleTextView, true);
textWatcher.afterTextChanged(mEditable);
assertThat(mMediator.getCurrentGroupModifiedTitleForTesting(),
equalTo(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE));
}
@Test
@Features.EnableFeatures(ChromeFeatureList.TAB_GROUPS_CONTINUATION_ANDROID)
public void onTitleTextFocusChange() {
View.OnFocusChangeListener listener =
mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_TEXT_ON_FOCUS_LISTENER);
assertThat(mMediator.getIsUpdatingTitleForTesting(), equalTo(false));
listener.onFocusChange(mTitleTextView, true);
assertThat(mMediator.getIsUpdatingTitleForTesting(), equalTo(true));
}
@Test
@Features.EnableFeatures(ChromeFeatureList.TAB_GROUPS_CONTINUATION_ANDROID)
public void onKeyBoardVisibilityChanged_updateTextAndKeyboard() {
KeyboardVisibilityDelegate.KeyboardVisibilityListener listener =
mMediator.getKeyboardVisibilityListenerForTesting();
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_CURSOR_VISIBILITY, false);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_TITLE_TEXT_FOCUSED, false);
listener.keyboardVisibilityChanged(true);
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_CURSOR_VISIBILITY), equalTo(true));
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_TITLE_TEXT_FOCUSED), equalTo(true));
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_KEYBOARD_VISIBLE), equalTo(true));
listener.keyboardVisibilityChanged(false);
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_CURSOR_VISIBILITY), equalTo(false));
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_TITLE_TEXT_FOCUSED), equalTo(false));
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_KEYBOARD_VISIBLE), equalTo(false));
}
@Test
@Features.EnableFeatures(ChromeFeatureList.TAB_GROUPS_CONTINUATION_ANDROID)
public void onKeyBoardVisibilityChanged_StoreGroupTitle() {
KeyboardVisibilityDelegate.KeyboardVisibilityListener keyboardVisibilityListener =
mMediator.getKeyboardVisibilityListenerForTesting();
TextWatcher textWatcher = mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_TEXT_WATCHER);
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB1_ID);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE, TAB1_TITLE);
// Mock that tab1 is in a group.
createTabGroup(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1, mTab2)), TAB1_ID);
// Mock that keyboard shows and group title is updated.
keyboardVisibilityListener.keyboardVisibilityChanged(true);
View.OnFocusChangeListener onFocusChangeListener =
mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_TEXT_ON_FOCUS_LISTENER);
onFocusChangeListener.onFocusChange(mTitleTextView, true);
textWatcher.afterTextChanged(mEditable);
assertThat(mMediator.getCurrentGroupModifiedTitleForTesting(),
equalTo(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE));
keyboardVisibilityListener.keyboardVisibilityChanged(false);
verify(mTabGroupTitleEditor).storeTabGroupTitle(eq(TAB1_ID), eq(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE));
verify(mTabGroupTitleEditor).updateTabGroupTitle(eq(mTab1), eq(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE));
assertThat(
mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE), equalTo(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE));
}
@Test
@Features.EnableFeatures(ChromeFeatureList.TAB_GROUPS_CONTINUATION_ANDROID)
public void onKeyBoardVisibilityChanged_NoFocus_NotStoreGroupTitle() {
KeyboardVisibilityDelegate.KeyboardVisibilityListener keyboardVisibilityListener =
mMediator.getKeyboardVisibilityListenerForTesting();
TextWatcher textWatcher = mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_TEXT_WATCHER);
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB1_ID);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE, TAB1_TITLE);
// Mock that tab1 is in a group.
createTabGroup(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1, mTab2)), TAB1_ID);
// Mock that keyboard shows but title edit text is not focused.
keyboardVisibilityListener.keyboardVisibilityChanged(true);
textWatcher.afterTextChanged(mEditable);
assertThat(mMediator.getIsUpdatingTitleForTesting(), equalTo(false));
keyboardVisibilityListener.keyboardVisibilityChanged(false);
verify(mTabGroupTitleEditor, never()).storeTabGroupTitle(anyInt(), anyString());
verify(mTabGroupTitleEditor, never()).updateTabGroupTitle(any(Tab.class), anyString());
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE), equalTo(TAB1_TITLE));
}
@Test
public void tabAddition() {
TabImpl newTab = prepareTab(TAB3_ID, TAB3_TITLE);
// Mock that the animation source view is not null, and the dialog is showing.
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW, mView);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, true);
doReturn(true).when(mTabModelSelector).isTabStateInitialized();
mTabModelObserverCaptor.getValue().didAddTab(
newTab, TabLaunchType.FROM_CHROME_UI, TabCreationState.LIVE_IN_FOREGROUND);
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW), equalTo(null));
verify(mDialogController).resetWithListOfTabs(null);
}
@Test
public void tabClosure_NotLast_NotCurrent() {
// Mock that tab1 and tab2 are in the same group, but tab2 just gets closed.
doReturn(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1)))
.when(mTabGroupModelFilter)
.getRelatedTabList(TAB2_ID);
// Mock tab1 is the current tab for the dialog.
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB1_ID);
// Mock dialog title is null and the dialog is showing.
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE, null);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, true);
mTabModelObserverCaptor.getValue().willCloseTab(mTab2, false, true);
// Current tab ID should not update.
assertThat(mMediator.getCurrentTabIdForTesting(), equalTo(TAB1_ID));
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE), equalTo(DIALOG_TITLE1));
verify(mTabSwitcherResetHandler).resetWithTabList(mTabGroupModelFilter, false, false);
}
@Test
public void tabClosure_NotLast_Current() {
// Mock that tab1 and tab2 are in the same group, but tab2 just gets closed.
doReturn(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1)))
.when(mTabGroupModelFilter)
.getRelatedTabList(TAB2_ID);
// Mock tab2 is the current tab for the dialog.
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB2_ID);
// Mock dialog title is null and the dialog is showing.
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE, null);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, true);
mTabModelObserverCaptor.getValue().willCloseTab(mTab2, false, true);
// Current tab ID should be updated to TAB1_ID now.
assertThat(mMediator.getCurrentTabIdForTesting(), equalTo(TAB1_ID));
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE), equalTo(DIALOG_TITLE1));
verify(mTabSwitcherResetHandler).resetWithTabList(mTabGroupModelFilter, false, false);
}
@Test
public void tabClosure_Last_Current() {
// Mock that tab1 is the last tab in the group and it just gets closed.
doReturn(new ArrayList<>()).when(mTabGroupModelFilter).getRelatedTabList(TAB1_ID);
// As last tab in the group, tab1 is definitely the current tab for the dialog.
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB1_ID);
// Mock the dialog is showing and the animation source view is not null.
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW, mView);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, true);
mTabModelObserverCaptor.getValue().willCloseTab(mTab1, false, true);
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW), equalTo(null));
verify(mDialogController).resetWithListOfTabs(null);
verify(mTabSwitcherResetHandler, never())
.resetWithTabList(mTabGroupModelFilter, false, false);
mMediator.onReset(null);
assertThat(mMediator.getCurrentTabIdForTesting(), equalTo(Tab.INVALID_TAB_ID));
}
@Test
public void tabClosure_NotLast_Current_WithDialogHidden() {
// Mock that tab1 and tab2 are in the same group, but tab2 just gets closed.
doReturn(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1)))
.when(mTabGroupModelFilter)
.getRelatedTabList(TAB2_ID);
// Mock tab2 is the current tab for the dialog.
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB2_ID);
// Mock dialog title is null and the dialog is hidden.
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE, null);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, false);
mTabModelObserverCaptor.getValue().willCloseTab(mTab2, false, true);
// Current tab ID should be updated to TAB1_ID now.
assertThat(mMediator.getCurrentTabIdForTesting(), equalTo(TAB1_ID));
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE), equalTo(DIALOG_TITLE1));
// Dialog should still be hidden.
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE), equalTo(false));
verify(mTabSwitcherResetHandler, never())
.resetWithTabList(mTabGroupModelFilter, false, false);
}
@Test
public void tabClosure_NonRootTab_StillGroupAfterClosure_WithStoredTitle() {
// Mock that tab1, tab2 and newTab are in the same group and tab1 is the root tab.
TabImpl newTab = prepareTab(TAB3_ID, TAB3_TITLE);
List<Tab> tabgroup = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1, mTab2, newTab));
createTabGroup(tabgroup, TAB1_ID);
// Mock that newTab just get closed.
List<Tab> tabgroupAfterClosure = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1, mTab2));
doReturn(tabgroupAfterClosure).when(mTabGroupModelFilter).getRelatedTabList(TAB1_ID);
doReturn(tabgroupAfterClosure).when(mTabGroupModelFilter).getRelatedTabList(TAB2_ID);
// Mock that newTab is the current tab for the dialog.
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB3_ID);
// Mock that we have a stored title stored with reference to root ID of tab1.
doReturn(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE).when(mTabGroupTitleEditor).getTabGroupTitle(TAB1_ID);
assertThat(mTabGroupTitleEditor.getTabGroupTitle(
CriticalPersistedTabData.from(mTab1).getRootId()),
equalTo(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE));
mTabModelObserverCaptor.getValue().willCloseTab(newTab, false, true);
// Dialog title should still be the stored title.
assertThat(
mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE), equalTo(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE));
}
@Test
public void tabClosure_RootTab_StillGroupAfterClosure_WithStoredTitle() {
// Mock that tab1, tab2 and newTab are in the same group and newTab is the root tab.
TabImpl newTab = prepareTab(TAB3_ID, TAB3_TITLE);
List<Tab> tabgroup = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1, mTab2, newTab));
createTabGroup(tabgroup, TAB3_ID);
// Mock that newTab just get closed.
List<Tab> tabgroupAfterClosure = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1, mTab2));
doReturn(tabgroupAfterClosure).when(mTabGroupModelFilter).getRelatedTabList(TAB1_ID);
doReturn(tabgroupAfterClosure).when(mTabGroupModelFilter).getRelatedTabList(TAB2_ID);
// Mock that newTab is the current tab for the dialog.
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB3_ID);
// Mock that we have a stored title stored with reference to root ID of newTab.
doReturn(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE).when(mTabGroupTitleEditor).getTabGroupTitle(TAB3_ID);
mTabModelObserverCaptor.getValue().willCloseTab(newTab, false, true);
// Dialog title should still be the stored title even if the root tab is closed.
assertThat(
mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE), equalTo(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE));
}
@Test
public void tabClosure_SingleTabAfterClosure_WithStoredTitle() {
// Mock that tab1, tab2 are in the same group and tab1 is the root tab.
List<Tab> tabgroup = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1, mTab2));
createTabGroup(tabgroup, TAB1_ID);
// Mock that tab2 just get closed.
List<Tab> tabgroupAfterClosure = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1));
doReturn(tabgroupAfterClosure).when(mTabGroupModelFilter).getRelatedTabList(TAB1_ID);
// Mock that tab2 is the current tab for the dialog.
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB2_ID);
// Mock that we have a stored title stored with reference to root ID of tab1.
doReturn(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE).when(mTabGroupTitleEditor).getTabGroupTitle(TAB1_ID);
mTabModelObserverCaptor.getValue().willCloseTab(mTab2, false, true);
// Even if there is a stored title for tab1, it is now a single tab, so we won't show the
// stored title.
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE), equalTo(DIALOG_TITLE1));
}
@Test
public void tabClosureUndone() {
// Mock that the dialog is showing.
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, true);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE, null);
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB1_ID);
mTabModelObserverCaptor.getValue().tabClosureUndone(mTab1);
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE), equalTo(DIALOG_TITLE1));
verify(mTabSwitcherResetHandler).resetWithTabList(mTabGroupModelFilter, false, false);
verify(mSnackbarManager).dismissSnackbars(eq(mMediator), eq(TAB1_ID));
}
@Test
public void tabClosureUndone_WithStoredTitle() {
// Mock that the dialog is showing.
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, true);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE, null);
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB1_ID);
// Mock that we have a stored title stored with reference to root ID of tab1.
doReturn(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE).when(mTabGroupTitleEditor).getTabGroupTitle(TAB1_ID);
// Mock that tab1 and tab2 are in the same group, and we are undoing tab2.
List<Tab> tabgroup = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1, mTab2));
createTabGroup(tabgroup, TAB1_ID);
mTabModelObserverCaptor.getValue().tabClosureUndone(mTab2);
// If current group has a stored title, dialog title should be set to stored title when
// undoing a closure.
assertThat(
mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE), equalTo(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE));
verify(mTabSwitcherResetHandler).resetWithTabList(mTabGroupModelFilter, false, false);
verify(mSnackbarManager).dismissSnackbars(eq(mMediator), eq(TAB2_ID));
}
@Test
public void tabClosureUndone_WithDialogHidden() {
// Mock that the dialog is hidden.
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, false);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE, null);
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB1_ID);
mTabModelObserverCaptor.getValue().tabClosureUndone(mTab1);
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE), equalTo(DIALOG_TITLE1));
// Dialog should still be hidden.
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE), equalTo(false));
verify(mTabSwitcherResetHandler, never())
.resetWithTabList(mTabGroupModelFilter, false, false);
verify(mSnackbarManager).dismissSnackbars(eq(mMediator), eq(TAB1_ID));
}
@Test
public void tabClosureCommitted() {
mTabModelObserverCaptor.getValue().tabClosureCommitted(mTab1);
verify(mSnackbarManager).dismissSnackbars(eq(mMediator), eq(TAB1_ID));
}
@Test
public void tabPendingClosure_DialogVisible() {
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, true);
mTabModelObserverCaptor.getValue().tabPendingClosure(mTab1);
verify(mSnackbarManager).showSnackbar(any(Snackbar.class));
}
@Test
public void tabPendingClosure_DialogInVisible() {
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, false);
mTabModelObserverCaptor.getValue().tabPendingClosure(mTab1);
verify(mSnackbarManager, never()).showSnackbar(any(Snackbar.class));
}
@Test
public void tabSelection() {
// Mock that the animation source view is not null, and the dialog is showing.
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW, mView);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, true);
mTabModelObserverCaptor.getValue().didSelectTab(
mTab1, TabSelectionType.FROM_USER, Tab.INVALID_TAB_ID);
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW), equalTo(null));
verify(mDialogController).resetWithListOfTabs(null);
}
@Test
public void hideDialog_FadeOutAnimation() {
// Mock that the animation source view is null, and the dialog is showing.
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW, null);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, true);
mMediator.hideDialog(false);
// Animation source view should not be specified.
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW), equalTo(null));
verify(mDialogController).resetWithListOfTabs(eq(null));
}
@Test
public void hideDialog_WithVisibilityListener_BasicAnimation() {
// Mock that the animation source view is null, and the dialog is showing.
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW, null);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, true);
// Set visibility listener.
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.VISIBILITY_LISTENER, mMediator);
mMediator.hideDialog(false);
// Animation source view should not be specified.
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW), equalTo(null));
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE), equalTo(false));
verifyZeroInteractions(mDialogController);
}
@Test
public void hideDialog_ZoomOutAnimation() {
// Mock that the animation source view is null, and the dialog is showing.
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW, null);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, true);
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB1_ID);
mMediator.hideDialog(true);
// Animation source view should be specified.
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW), equalTo(mView));
verify(mDialogController).resetWithListOfTabs(eq(null));
}
@Test
@Features.EnableFeatures(ChromeFeatureList.TAB_GROUPS_CONTINUATION_ANDROID)
public void hideDialog_StoreModifiedGroupTitle() {
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB1_ID);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE, TAB1_TITLE);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, true);
// Mock that tab1 is in a group.
createTabGroup(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1, mTab2)), TAB1_ID);
// Mock that we have a modified group title before dialog is hidden.
TextWatcher textWatcher = mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_TEXT_WATCHER);
View.OnFocusChangeListener onFocusChangeListener =
mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_TEXT_ON_FOCUS_LISTENER);
onFocusChangeListener.onFocusChange(mTitleTextView, true);
textWatcher.afterTextChanged(mEditable);
assertThat(mMediator.getCurrentGroupModifiedTitleForTesting(),
equalTo(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE));
mMediator.hideDialog(false);
verify(mTabGroupTitleEditor).storeTabGroupTitle(eq(TAB1_ID), eq(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE));
verify(mTabGroupTitleEditor).updateTabGroupTitle(eq(mTab1), eq(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE));
assertThat(
mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE), equalTo(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE));
}
@Test
@Features.EnableFeatures(ChromeFeatureList.TAB_GROUPS_CONTINUATION_ANDROID)
public void hideDialog_ModifiedGroupTitleEmpty() {
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB1_ID);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE, TAB1_TITLE);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, true);
// Mock that tab1 is in a group.
createTabGroup(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1, mTab2)), TAB1_ID);
// Mock that we have a modified group title which is an empty string.
TextWatcher textWatcher = mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_TEXT_WATCHER);
View.OnFocusChangeListener onFocusChangeListener =
mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_TEXT_ON_FOCUS_LISTENER);
onFocusChangeListener.onFocusChange(mTitleTextView, true);
doReturn("").when(mEditable).toString();
textWatcher.afterTextChanged(mEditable);
assertThat(mMediator.getCurrentGroupModifiedTitleForTesting(), equalTo(""));
mMediator.hideDialog(false);
// When updated title is a empty string, delete stored title and restore default title in
// PropertyModel.
verify(mTabGroupTitleEditor).deleteTabGroupTitle(eq(TAB1_ID));
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE), equalTo(DIALOG_TITLE2));
verify(mTabGroupTitleEditor).updateTabGroupTitle(eq(mTab1), eq(DIALOG_TITLE2));
}
@Test
@Features.EnableFeatures(ChromeFeatureList.TAB_GROUPS_CONTINUATION_ANDROID)
public void hideDialog_NoModifiedGroupTitle() {
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB1_ID);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE, TAB1_TITLE);
// Mock that tab1 is in a group.
createTabGroup(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1, mTab2)), TAB1_ID);
mMediator.hideDialog(false);
// When title is not updated, don't store title when hide dialog.
verify(mTabGroupTitleEditor, never()).storeTabGroupTitle(anyInt(), anyString());
verify(mTabGroupTitleEditor, never()).updateTabGroupTitle(any(Tab.class), anyString());
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE), equalTo(TAB1_TITLE));
}
@Test
@Features.EnableFeatures(ChromeFeatureList.TAB_GROUPS_CONTINUATION_ANDROID)
public void hideDialog_ClosingLastTab_SkipStoreGroupTitle() {
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB1_ID);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE, TAB1_TITLE);
// Mock that the last tab in the group is closed.
doReturn(new ArrayList<>()).when(mTabGroupModelFilter).getRelatedTabList(TAB1_ID);
// Mock that we have a modified group title before dialog is hidden.
TextWatcher textWatcher = mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_TEXT_WATCHER);
View.OnFocusChangeListener onFocusChangeListener =
mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_TEXT_ON_FOCUS_LISTENER);
onFocusChangeListener.onFocusChange(mTitleTextView, true);
textWatcher.afterTextChanged(mEditable);
assertThat(mMediator.getCurrentGroupModifiedTitleForTesting(),
equalTo(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE));
mMediator.hideDialog(false);
// Skip storing dialog title when the last tab is closing.
verify(mTabGroupTitleEditor, never()).storeTabGroupTitle(anyInt(), anyString());
verify(mTabGroupTitleEditor, never()).updateTabGroupTitle(any(Tab.class), anyString());
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE), equalTo(TAB1_TITLE));
}
@Test
@Features.EnableFeatures(ChromeFeatureList.TAB_GROUPS_CONTINUATION_ANDROID)
public void hideDialog_SingleTab_SkipStoreGroupTitle() {
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB1_ID);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE, TAB1_TITLE);
// Mock that tab1 is now a single tab.
createTabGroup(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1)), TAB1_ID);
// Mock that we have a modified group title before dialog is hidden.
TextWatcher textWatcher = mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_TEXT_WATCHER);
View.OnFocusChangeListener onFocusChangeListener =
mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.TITLE_TEXT_ON_FOCUS_LISTENER);
onFocusChangeListener.onFocusChange(mTitleTextView, true);
textWatcher.afterTextChanged(mEditable);
assertThat(mMediator.getCurrentGroupModifiedTitleForTesting(),
equalTo(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE));
mMediator.hideDialog(false);
// Skip storing dialog title when this group becomes a single tab.
verify(mTabGroupTitleEditor, never()).storeTabGroupTitle(anyInt(), anyString());
verify(mTabGroupTitleEditor, never()).updateTabGroupTitle(any(Tab.class), anyString());
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE), equalTo(TAB1_TITLE));
}
@Test
@Features.EnableFeatures(ChromeFeatureList.TAB_GROUPS_CONTINUATION_ANDROID)
public void hideDialog_withTabGroupContinuation() {
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, true);
mMediator.hideDialog(false);
verify(mTabSelectionEditorController).hide();
}
@Test
public void onReset_hideDialog() {
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, true);
mMediator.onReset(null);
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE), equalTo(false));
verify(mDialogController).postHiding();
}
@Test
public void onReset_DialogNotVisible_NoOp() {
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, false);
mMediator.onReset(null);
verifyZeroInteractions(mDialogController);
}
@Test
public void finishedHiding() {
mMediator.finishedHidingDialogView();
verify(mDialogController).resetWithListOfTabs(null);
verify(mDialogController).postHiding();
}
@Test
public void showDialog_FromGTS() {
// Mock that the dialog is hidden and animation source view, header title and scrim click
// runnable are all null.
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, false);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW, null);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE, null);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.SCRIMVIEW_CLICK_RUNNABLE, null);
// Mock that tab1 and tab2 are in a group.
List<Tab> tabgroup = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1, mTab2));
createTabGroup(tabgroup, TAB1_ID);
mMediator.onReset(tabgroup);
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE), equalTo(true));
// Scrim click runnable should be set as the current scrim runnable.
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.SCRIMVIEW_CLICK_RUNNABLE),
equalTo(mMediator.getScrimClickRunnableForTesting()));
// Animation source view should be updated with specific view.
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW), equalTo(mView));
// Dialog title should be updated.
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE), equalTo(DIALOG_TITLE2));
// Prepare dialog invoked.
verify(mDialogController).prepareDialog();
}
@Test
public void showDialog_FromGTS_WithStoredTitle() {
// Mock that the dialog is hidden and animation source view, header title and scrim click
// runnable are all null.
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, false);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW, null);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE, null);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.SCRIMVIEW_CLICK_RUNNABLE, null);
// Mock that tab1 and tab2 are in a group.
List<Tab> tabgroup = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1, mTab2));
createTabGroup(tabgroup, TAB1_ID);
// Mock that we have a stored title stored with reference to root ID of tab1.
doReturn(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE).when(mTabGroupTitleEditor).getTabGroupTitle(TAB1_ID);
mMediator.onReset(tabgroup);
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE), equalTo(true));
// Scrim click runnable should be set as the current scrim runnable.
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.SCRIMVIEW_CLICK_RUNNABLE),
equalTo(mMediator.getScrimClickRunnableForTesting()));
// Animation source view should be updated with specific view.
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW), equalTo(mView));
// Dialog title should be updated with stored title.
assertThat(
mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE), equalTo(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE));
}
@Test
public void showDialog_FromStrip() {
// For strip we don't play zoom-in/zoom-out for show/hide dialog, and thus
// the animationParamsProvider is null.
mMediator = new TabGridDialogMediator(mActivity, mDialogController, mModel,
mTabModelSelector, mTabCreatorManager, mTabSwitcherResetHandler, null,
mShareDelegateSupplier, mSnackbarManager, "");
mMediator.initWithNative(mTabSelectionEditorController, mTabGroupTitleEditor);
// Mock that the dialog is hidden and animation source view, header title and scrim click
// runnable are all null.
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, false);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW, null);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE, null);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.SCRIMVIEW_CLICK_RUNNABLE, null);
// Mock that tab1 and tab2 are in a group.
List<Tab> tabgroup = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1, mTab2));
createTabGroup(tabgroup, TAB1_ID);
mMediator.onReset(tabgroup);
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE), equalTo(true));
// Scrim observer should be set as the current scrim runnable.
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.SCRIMVIEW_CLICK_RUNNABLE),
equalTo(mMediator.getScrimClickRunnableForTesting()));
// Animation source view should not be specified.
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW), equalTo(null));
// Dialog title should be updated.
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE), equalTo(DIALOG_TITLE2));
// Prepare dialog invoked.
verify(mDialogController).prepareDialog();
}
@Test
public void showDialog_FromStrip_WithStoredTitle() {
// For strip we don't play zoom-in/zoom-out for show/hide dialog, and thus
// the animationParamsProvider is null.
mMediator = new TabGridDialogMediator(mActivity, mDialogController, mModel,
mTabModelSelector, mTabCreatorManager, mTabSwitcherResetHandler, null,
mShareDelegateSupplier, mSnackbarManager, "");
mMediator.initWithNative(mTabSelectionEditorController, mTabGroupTitleEditor);
// Mock that the dialog is hidden and animation source view, header title and scrim click
// runnable are all null.
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, false);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW, null);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE, null);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.SCRIMVIEW_CLICK_RUNNABLE, null);
// Mock that tab1 and tab2 are in a group.
List<Tab> tabgroup = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1, mTab2));
createTabGroup(tabgroup, TAB1_ID);
// Mock that we have a stored title stored with reference to root ID of tab1.
doReturn(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE).when(mTabGroupTitleEditor).getTabGroupTitle(TAB1_ID);
mMediator.onReset(tabgroup);
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE), equalTo(true));
// Scrim observer should be set as the current scrim click runnable.
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.SCRIMVIEW_CLICK_RUNNABLE),
equalTo(mMediator.getScrimClickRunnableForTesting()));
// Animation source view should not be specified.
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW), equalTo(null));
// Dialog title should be updated with stored title.
assertThat(
mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.HEADER_TITLE), equalTo(CUSTOMIZED_DIALOG_TITLE));
}
@Test
public void showDialog_FromStrip_SetupAnimation() {
// For strip we don't play zoom-in/zoom-out for show/hide dialog, and thus
// the animationParamsProvider is null.
mMediator = new TabGridDialogMediator(mActivity, mDialogController, mModel,
mTabModelSelector, mTabCreatorManager, mTabSwitcherResetHandler, null,
mShareDelegateSupplier, mSnackbarManager, "");
mMediator.initWithNative(mTabSelectionEditorController, mTabGroupTitleEditor);
// Mock that the dialog is hidden and animation source view is set to some mock view for
// testing purpose.
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE, false);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW, mock(View.class));
// Mock that tab1 and tab2 are in a group.
List<Tab> tabgroup = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1, mTab2));
createTabGroup(tabgroup, TAB1_ID);
mMediator.onReset(tabgroup);
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_DIALOG_VISIBLE), equalTo(true));
// Animation source view should be set to null so that dialog will setup basic animation.
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.ANIMATION_SOURCE_VIEW), equalTo(null));
}
@Test
@Features.EnableFeatures(ChromeFeatureList.TAB_GROUPS_CONTINUATION_ANDROID)
public void testDialogToolbarMenu_SelectionMode() {
Callback<Integer> callback = mMediator.getToolbarMenuCallbackForTesting();
// Mock that currently the title text is focused and the keyboard is showing. The current
// tab is tab1 which is in a group of {tab1, tab2}.
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_KEYBOARD_VISIBLE, true);
mModel.set(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_TITLE_TEXT_FOCUSED, true);
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB1_ID);
List<Tab> tabgroup = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab1, mTab2));
createTabGroup(tabgroup, TAB1_ID);
callback.onResult(R.id.ungroup_tab);
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_KEYBOARD_VISIBLE), equalTo(false));
assertThat(mModel.get(TabGridPanelProperties.IS_TITLE_TEXT_FOCUSED), equalTo(false));
verify(mTabSelectionEditorController).show(eq(tabgroup));
}
@Test
@Features.EnableFeatures(ChromeFeatureList.TAB_GROUPS_CONTINUATION_ANDROID)
public void testGetTabGroupStringForShare() {
Tab newTab = prepareTab(TAB3_ID, TAB3_TITLE);
String url1 = JUnitTestGURLs.SEARCH_URL;
String url2 = JUnitTestGURLs.EXAMPLE_URL;
String url3 = JUnitTestGURLs.MAPS_URL;
doReturn(JUnitTestGURLs.getGURL(url1)).when(mTab1).getUrl();
doReturn(JUnitTestGURLs.getGURL(url2)).when(mTab2).getUrl();
doReturn(JUnitTestGURLs.getGURL(url3)).when(newTab).getUrl();
mMediator.setCurrentTabIdForTesting(TAB1_ID);
// Setup two sets of tab group and share strings.
List<Tab> tabgroup1 = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(newTab, mTab1, mTab2));
String shareString1 =
"1. https://maps.google.com/\n2. https://www.google.com/search?q=test\n3. https://www.example.com/\n";
List<Tab> tabgroup2 = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(mTab2, newTab, mTab1));
String shareString2 =
"1. https://www.example.com/\n2. https://maps.google.com/\n3. https://www.google.com/search?q=test\n";
doReturn(tabgroup1).when(mTabGroupModelFilter).getRelatedTabList(TAB1_ID);
assertThat(shareString1, equalTo(mMediator.getTabGroupStringForSharingForTesting()));
doReturn(tabgroup2).when(mTabGroupModelFilter).getRelatedTabList(TAB1_ID);
assertThat(shareString2, equalTo(mMediator.getTabGroupStringForSharingForTesting()));
}
@Test
public void testSnackbarController_onAction() {
doReturn(mTabModel).when(mTabModelSelector).getModelForTabId(TAB1_ID);
mMediator.onAction(TAB1_ID);
verify(mTabModel).cancelTabClosure(eq(TAB1_ID));
}
@Test
public void testSnackbarController_onDismissNoAction() {
doReturn(mTabModel).when(mTabModelSelector).getModelForTabId(TAB1_ID);
mMediator.onDismissNoAction(TAB1_ID);
verify(mTabModel).commitTabClosure(eq(TAB1_ID));
}
@Test
public void destroy() {
mMediator.destroy();
verify(mTabModelFilterProvider)
.removeTabModelFilterObserver(mTabModelObserverCaptor.capture());
}
private TabImpl prepareTab(int id, String title) {
TabImpl tab = TabUiUnitTestUtils.prepareTab(id, title, GURL.emptyGURL());
doReturn(true).when(tab).isIncognito();
return tab;
}
private void createTabGroup(List<Tab> tabs, int rootId) {
for (Tab tab : tabs) {
when(mTabGroupModelFilter.getRelatedTabList(tab.getId())).thenReturn(tabs);
CriticalPersistedTabData criticalPersistedTabData = CriticalPersistedTabData.from(tab);
doReturn(rootId).when(criticalPersistedTabData).getRootId();
}
}
}
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
}
|
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Proto.Mailbox;
namespace Proto
{
internal enum ContextState
{
None,
Alive,
Restarting,
Stopping,
Stopped,
}
public class LocalContext : IMessageInvoker, IContext, ISupervisor
{
public static readonly IReadOnlyCollection<PID> EmptyChildren = new List<PID>();
private readonly Func<IActor> _producer;
private readonly Receive _receiveMiddleware;
private readonly Sender _senderMiddleware;
private readonly ISupervisorStrategy _supervisorStrategy;
private FastSet<PID> _children;
private object _message;
//TODO: I would like to extract these two as optional components in the future
//for ReceiveTimeout we could have an object with the SetReceiveTimeout
//and simply let this object subscribe to actor messages so it knows when to reset the timer
private Timer _receiveTimeoutTimer;
private RestartStatistics _restartStatistics;
//for Stashing, there could be an object with the Stash, Unstash and UnstashAll
//the main concern for this would be how to make the stash survive between actor restarts
//if it is injected as a dependency, that would work fine
private Stack<object> _stash;
private ContextState _state;
private FastSet<PID> _watchers;
public LocalContext(Func<IActor> producer, ISupervisorStrategy supervisorStrategy, Receive receiveMiddleware, Sender senderMiddleware, PID parent)
{
_producer = producer;
_supervisorStrategy = supervisorStrategy;
_receiveMiddleware = receiveMiddleware;
_senderMiddleware = senderMiddleware;
//Parents are implicitly watching the child
//The parent is not part of the Watchers set
Parent = parent;
IncarnateActor();
}
private static ILogger Logger { get; } = Log.CreateLogger<LocalContext>();
public IReadOnlyCollection<PID> Children => _children?.ToList() ?? EmptyChildren;
public IActor Actor { get; private set; }
public PID Parent { get; }
public PID Self { get; set; }
public object Message
{
get
{
var r = _message as MessageEnvelope;
return r != null ? r.Message : _message;
}
}
public PID Sender => (_message as MessageEnvelope)?.Sender;
public MessageHeader Headers
{
get
{
if (_message is MessageEnvelope messageEnvelope)
{
if (messageEnvelope.Header != null)
{
return messageEnvelope.Header;
}
}
return MessageHeader.EmptyHeader;
}
}
public TimeSpan ReceiveTimeout { get; private set; }
public void Stash()
{
if (_stash == null)
{
_stash = new Stack<object>();
}
_stash.Push(Message);
}
public void Respond(object message)
{
Sender.Tell(message);
}
public PID Spawn(Props props)
{
var id = ProcessRegistry.Instance.NextId();
return SpawnNamed(props, id);
}
public PID SpawnPrefix(Props props, string prefix)
{
var name = prefix + ProcessRegistry.Instance.NextId();
return SpawnNamed(props, name);
}
public PID SpawnNamed(Props props, string name)
{
if (props.GuardianStrategy != null)
{
throw new ArgumentException("Props used to spawn child cannot have GuardianStrategy.");
}
var pid = props.Spawn($"{Self.Id}/{name}", Self);
if (_children == null)
{
_children = new FastSet<PID>();
}
_children.Add(pid);
return pid;
}
public void Watch(PID pid)
{
pid.SendSystemMessage(new Watch(Self));
}
public void Unwatch(PID pid)
{
pid.SendSystemMessage(new Unwatch(Self));
}
public void SetReceiveTimeout(TimeSpan duration)
{
if (duration <= TimeSpan.Zero)
{
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(duration), duration, "Duration must be greater than zero");
}
if (duration == ReceiveTimeout)
{
return;
}
StopReceiveTimeout();
ReceiveTimeout = duration;
if (_receiveTimeoutTimer == null)
{
_receiveTimeoutTimer = new Timer(ReceiveTimeoutCallback, null, ReceiveTimeout, ReceiveTimeout);
}
else
{
ResetReceiveTimeout();
}
}
public void CancelReceiveTimeout()
{
if (_receiveTimeoutTimer == null)
{
return;
}
StopReceiveTimeout();
_receiveTimeoutTimer = null;
ReceiveTimeout = TimeSpan.Zero;
}
public Task ReceiveAsync(object message)
{
return ProcessMessageAsync(message);
}
public void Tell(PID target, object message)
{
SendUserMessage(target, message);
}
public void Forward(PID target)
{
if (this._message is SystemMessage)
{
//SystemMessage cannot be forwarded
Logger.LogWarning("SystemMessage cannot be forwarded. {0}", this._message);
return;
}
SendUserMessage(target, _message);
}
public void Request(PID target, object message)
{
var messageEnvelope = new MessageEnvelope(message, Self, null);
SendUserMessage(target, messageEnvelope);
}
public Task<T> RequestAsync<T>(PID target, object message, TimeSpan timeout)
=> RequestAsync(target, message, new FutureProcess<T>(timeout));
public Task<T> RequestAsync<T>(PID target, object message, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
=> RequestAsync(target, message, new FutureProcess<T>(cancellationToken));
public Task<T> RequestAsync<T>(PID target, object message)
=> RequestAsync(target, message, new FutureProcess<T>());
public void ReenterAfter<T>(Task<T> target, Func<Task<T>, Task> action)
{
var msg = _message;
var cont = new Continuation(() => action(target), msg);
target.ContinueWith(t => { Self.SendSystemMessage(cont); });
}
public void ReenterAfter(Task target, Action action)
{
var msg = _message;
var cont = new Continuation(() =>
{
action();
return Task.FromResult(0);
}, msg);
target.ContinueWith(t => { Self.SendSystemMessage(cont); });
}
public void EscalateFailure(Exception reason, PID who)
{
if (_restartStatistics == null)
{
_restartStatistics = new RestartStatistics(0, null);
}
var failure = new Failure(Self, reason, _restartStatistics);
Self.SendSystemMessage(SuspendMailbox.Instance);
if (Parent == null)
{
HandleRootFailure(failure);
}
else
{
Parent.SendSystemMessage(failure);
}
}
public void RestartChildren(Exception reason, params PID[] pids)
{
foreach (var pid in pids)
{
pid.SendSystemMessage(new Restart(reason));
}
}
public void StopChildren(params PID[] pids)
{
foreach (var pid in pids)
{
pid.SendSystemMessage(Stop.Instance);
}
}
public void ResumeChildren(params PID[] pids)
{
foreach (var pid in pids)
{
pid.SendSystemMessage(ResumeMailbox.Instance);
}
}
public Task InvokeSystemMessageAsync(object msg)
{
try
{
switch (msg)
{
case Started s:
return InvokeUserMessageAsync(s);
case Stop _:
return HandleStopAsync();
case Terminated t:
return HandleTerminatedAsync(t);
case Watch w:
HandleWatch(w);
return Task.FromResult(0);
case Unwatch uw:
HandleUnwatch(uw);
return Task.FromResult(0);
case Failure f:
HandleFailure(f);
return Task.FromResult(0);
case Restart _:
return HandleRestartAsync();
case SuspendMailbox _:
return Task.FromResult(0);
case ResumeMailbox _:
return Task.FromResult(0);
case Continuation cont:
_message = cont.Message;
return cont.Action();
default:
Logger.LogWarning("Unknown system message {0}", msg);
return Task.FromResult(0);
}
}
catch (Exception x)
{
Logger.LogError("Error handling SystemMessage {0}", x);
throw;
}
}
public Task InvokeUserMessageAsync(object msg)
{
if (_state == ContextState.Stopped)
{
//already stopped
Logger.LogError("Actor already stopped, ignore user message {0}", msg);
return Proto.Actor.Done;
}
var influenceTimeout = true;
if (ReceiveTimeout > TimeSpan.Zero)
{
var notInfluenceTimeout = msg is INotInfluenceReceiveTimeout;
influenceTimeout = !notInfluenceTimeout;
if (influenceTimeout)
{
StopReceiveTimeout();
}
}
var res = ProcessMessageAsync(msg);
if (ReceiveTimeout != TimeSpan.Zero && influenceTimeout)
{
//special handle non completed tasks that need to reset ReceiveTimout
if (!res.IsCompleted)
{
return res.ContinueWith(_ => ResetReceiveTimeout());
}
ResetReceiveTimeout();
}
return res;
}
public void EscalateFailure(Exception reason, object message)
{
EscalateFailure(reason, Self);
}
internal static Task DefaultReceive(IContext context)
{
var c = (LocalContext)context;
if (c.Message is PoisonPill)
{
c.Self.Stop();
return Proto.Actor.Done;
}
return c.Actor.ReceiveAsync(context);
}
internal static Task DefaultSender(ISenderContext context, PID target, MessageEnvelope envelope)
{
target.Ref.SendUserMessage(target, envelope);
return Task.FromResult(0);
}
private Task ProcessMessageAsync(object msg)
{
_message = msg;
return _receiveMiddleware != null ? _receiveMiddleware(this) : DefaultReceive(this);
}
private Task<T> RequestAsync<T>(PID target, object message, FutureProcess<T> future)
{
var messageEnvelope = new MessageEnvelope(message, future.Pid, null);
SendUserMessage(target, messageEnvelope);
return future.Task;
}
private void SendUserMessage(PID target, object message)
{
if (_senderMiddleware != null)
{
if (message is MessageEnvelope messageEnvelope)
{
//Request based middleware
_senderMiddleware(this, target, messageEnvelope);
}
else
{
//tell based middleware
_senderMiddleware(this, target, new MessageEnvelope(message, null, null));
}
}
else
{
//Default path
target.Tell(message);
}
}
private void IncarnateActor()
{
_state = ContextState.Alive;
Actor = _producer();
}
private async Task HandleRestartAsync()
{
_state = ContextState.Restarting;
await InvokeUserMessageAsync(Restarting.Instance);
if (_children != null)
{
foreach (var child in _children)
{
child.Stop();
}
}
await TryRestartOrTerminateAsync();
}
private void HandleUnwatch(Unwatch uw)
{
_watchers?.Remove(uw.Watcher);
}
private void HandleWatch(Watch w)
{
if (_state >= ContextState.Stopping)
{
w.Watcher.SendSystemMessage(new Terminated
{
Who = Self
});
}
else
{
if (_watchers == null)
{
_watchers = new FastSet<PID>();
}
_watchers.Add(w.Watcher);
}
}
private void HandleFailure(Failure msg)
{
// ReSharper disable once SuspiciousTypeConversion.Global
if (Actor is ISupervisorStrategy supervisor)
{
supervisor.HandleFailure(this, msg.Who, msg.RestartStatistics, msg.Reason);
return;
}
_supervisorStrategy.HandleFailure(this, msg.Who, msg.RestartStatistics, msg.Reason);
}
private async Task HandleTerminatedAsync(Terminated msg)
{
_children?.Remove(msg.Who);
await InvokeUserMessageAsync(msg);
await TryRestartOrTerminateAsync();
}
private void HandleRootFailure(Failure failure)
{
Supervision.DefaultStrategy.HandleFailure(this, failure.Who, failure.RestartStatistics, failure.Reason);
}
private async Task HandleStopAsync()
{
if (_state >= ContextState.Stopping)
{
//already stopping or stopped
return;
}
_state = ContextState.Stopping;
//this is intentional
await InvokeUserMessageAsync(Stopping.Instance);
if (_children != null)
{
foreach (var child in _children)
{
child.Stop();
}
}
await TryRestartOrTerminateAsync();
}
private async Task TryRestartOrTerminateAsync()
{
CancelReceiveTimeout();
if (_children?.Count > 0)
{
return;
}
switch (_state)
{
case ContextState.Restarting:
await RestartAsync();
return;
case ContextState.Stopping:
await StopAsync();
break;
}
}
private async Task StopAsync()
{
ProcessRegistry.Instance.Remove(Self);
//This is intentional
await InvokeUserMessageAsync(Stopped.Instance);
DisposeActorIfDisposable();
//Notify watchers
if (_watchers != null)
{
var terminated = new Terminated
{
Who = Self
};
foreach (var watcher in _watchers)
{
watcher.SendSystemMessage(terminated);
}
}
if (Parent != null)
{
var terminated = new Terminated
{
Who = Self
};
Parent.SendSystemMessage(terminated);
}
_state = ContextState.Stopped;
}
private async Task RestartAsync()
{
DisposeActorIfDisposable();
IncarnateActor();
Self.SendSystemMessage(ResumeMailbox.Instance);
await InvokeUserMessageAsync(Started.Instance);
if (_stash != null)
{
while (_stash.Any())
{
var msg = _stash.Pop();
await InvokeUserMessageAsync(msg);
}
}
}
private void DisposeActorIfDisposable()
{
if (Actor is IDisposable disposableActor)
{
disposableActor.Dispose();
}
}
private void ResetReceiveTimeout()
{
_receiveTimeoutTimer?.Change(ReceiveTimeout, ReceiveTimeout);
}
private void StopReceiveTimeout()
{
_receiveTimeoutTimer?.Change(-1, -1);
}
private void ReceiveTimeoutCallback(object state)
{
if (_receiveTimeoutTimer == null)
{
return;
}
CancelReceiveTimeout();
Self.Request(Proto.ReceiveTimeout.Instance, null);
}
}
}
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
}
|
21-Jul-2005 12:00 AM
India's Jet Airways Q1 to June net profit rises 84 pct amid booming market
BOMBAY (XFNews) - India's largest private airline, Jet Airways, said its net profit for the first quarter ending June rose 84 pct from a year earlier, amid a booming aviation market.
Net profit for the quarter ending June increased to 953.4 mln rupees from 519 mln a year earlier, on revenue that rose 44 pct to 13.45 bln rupees from 9.36 bln rupees.
The airline's management said it is confident that its newly-launched international operations will boost revenue growth.
Jet Airways started international operations in the April-June quarter this year.
"We expect our Southeast Asia operations (which include Singapore and Kuala Lumpur) to bring in 40 million dollars annually, while the US-UK operations are expected to bring in another 100 million dollars," Saroj Dutta, executive director and board member, said in an interview with NDTV television.
"We will continue to operate as a premium brand but will not ignore the fast-growing lower income bracket," he added.
The company listed in March after it sold a 20 pct stake or 17.2 mln shares. The initial share sale price was 1,100 rupees.
Jet Airways stock closed up 22.5 rupees or 1.74 pct at 1,318 rupees on the Bombay stock exchange before the earnings announcement.
Want More Analysis Like This?
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
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