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This Italian Cypress is one of the more impressive cultivars. Pencil-thin and conical, reaching heights of perhaps 30 ft tall in maturity, this cultivar is highly valued for the ascending, spire-like effect it can bring to a restricted space, or a space where shade is not desired. 'Stricta' is the narrowest of all the C. sempervirens. Plant as a hedge or screen, in groups of 3 to 5 in a formal landscape, at entry ways for a structured look or as a specimen plant against a building to soften the hard lines of the building.
Advisory: Although wildly popular with designers, and regularly featuring in show gardens, the species is not entirely hardy in the British Isles, and is at risk if exposed to extended periods of very cold temperatures. If you are amongst the many prepared to accept that risk, we advise planting in full sun, sheltered from cold, dry winds. Tolerates lime soils.
Landscape uses - As a hedge or screen, in groups in a formal landscape, at entry ways for a structured look.
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At Imoplastic Group, quality is developed as a global concept demanding permanent choices.
Our concern for quality is the strategy that leads to choose the best systems, the best method, the best materials and technologies.
Geocam is specialized in building injection molds for plastic industry with production capacity up to 35 tons.
Imoplastic is specialized in building injection molds for plastic industry with production capacity up to 6 tons.
Formation of young people for the mold industry, while manufacturing all our mold bases and molds for the plastic industry, from 6 to 12 tons.
To close the production cycle, we have this company to make all mold tests and we also have a production component.
Company created in Mexico to give our local clients a technical/commercial support. Search for new clients and connect them to IMOPLASTIC GROUP, is also our objective.
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D-Can
=====
d-Can ,U.Can/iCan. WeAllCan.. But How Why when an where?.QC-D can Answere all Queeries .. we Call The D-Wave QC Team @ [Google?Disney?DaveCave? ThugsManssion?].. GenerousContributionFromGitHub of 17-beer-spawning-Octo-tapz.. insuring The Rubys R Red and The Sapphires r Blue. and the Beer=COLD/ D-Can Fave!
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Escape From Durban
Heritage Theatre
Shop 14 U, Heritage Lifestyle Centre, 9 Old Main Road, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal
Established in 2005, the Heritage Theatre is a wonderful Supper Theatre venue located in the Heritage Lifestyle Centre in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal. Whether you're after a good time with friends or an intimate night out with your loved one, the Heritage Theatre offers the best of both worlds: dinner and entertainment. What more could you ask for?
Barker Manor 3 km away - KwaZulu-Natal
Hillcrest High School 3 km away - KwaZulu-Natal
St Mary's Diocesan School For Girls,... 4 km away - KwaZulu-Natal
If you've gotten this far, you've clearly enjoyed reading about Heritage Theatre! Why not make a holiday of it and check out our list of accommodation near Heritage Theatre?
Nearby Accommodation Click to show accommodation options close to Heritage Theatre
You may also be interested in browsing our selection of accommodation in Escape From Durban or reading about Escape From Durban
R195 per person on weekdays (includes a 2-course meal), R165 per person on Tuesday and Sunday (includes 2-course meal), R120 per person for show only.
Tuesday to Saturday, from 19h00 – 20h30, Sunday from 12h30 – 14h00. No shows on Mondays.
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Why One Association's PR Defense Stumbled
The Newspaper Association of America wasn't out of line to criticize John Oliver's segment on journalism. But when associations push back in public, what you choose to criticize matters.
By Mark Athitakis Aug 15, 2016
Associations exist to support—and if need be, defend—their industries. That's simple enough. But that simple mission gets tricky sometimes when it comes to how you do that.
Case in point: John Oliver. Last week the promiscuously British-accented comedian used his HBO news-slash-comedy show, Last Week Tonight, to deliver a withering critique of news organizations that have responded to a decade of budget cuts and reduced local-news coverage with glittering promises of digital salvation. Oliver's chief target was Tronc, the recently renamed iteration of Tribune Publishing that announced its arrival in June with a clumsy name and a promotional video overflowing with buzzwordy gobbledygook. Here's Oliver's riff:
Newspaper Association of America president and CEO David Chavern was not amused, and in an August 8 statement he pushed back hard: "Making fun of experiments and pining away for days when classified ads and near-monopolistic positions in local ad markets funded journalism is pointless and ultimately harmful," he wrote. "I would just ask Mr. Oliver to spend more time talking about what the future of news could be, and less time poking fun at publishers who are trying to get there."
"I would just ask Mr. Oliver to spend more time talking about what the future of news could be," Chavern wrote.
Chavern did concede that Oliver's commentary about the importance of local news coverage made a fair point. But to many in the journalism world, Chavern's statement looked a whole lot like a media organization telling the media how it ought to talk, which is not a good look when the backbone of your industry is the First Amendment.
Josh Horwitz at Quartz gathered a variety of responses from among the newspapers the NAA serves, including one from Washington Post editor-in-chief Marty Baron tweeting that Chavern's statement "could not be more clueless." Post media columnist Margaret Sullivan prescribed a sense of humor and an ability to take criticism in stride: "When someone hilariously and poignantly celebrates the industry that you are paid to defend and protect, you ought to laugh at the funny parts and then simply say 'thank you.' Or maybe nothing at all."
Chavern, as Sullivan points out, is a newcomer to the newspaper business: He arrived to NAA from the U.S. Chamber of Commerce last fall. That's not a flaw: As we discussed at the time of his hiring, Chavern is just the latest example of a longstanding debate over whether industry-specific experience matters more than general leadership experience. And he responded to the criticism with poise, telling journalism nonprofit Poynter that "the only thing I was trying to get at was, when you get into talking about companies that are trying new things, like Tronc and The Washington Post, if you don't get across that they're experimenting, you fall into the trap of saying, 'well, weren't the good old days great?'"
Fair enough. But here's the problem—and one every association leader should think about when brickbats come the organization's way.
Chavern wasn't just talking about Oliver's failure to stress that Tronc's efforts are an experiment. He was thrusting the burden of devising a fix onto Oliver's shoulders: "He doesn't offer any answers," Chavern wrote. "John Oliver doesn't seem to have any better ideas." Every association is different, but one common thread is that their leaders ought not get into the business of complaining that their critics ought to come up with better ideas for improving your industry.
Because that's your job. Coming up with better ideas is what you're coming to the office to do. It's what drives your board meetings. It's what motivates your staff. It's what's behind everything you devise to serve your members and customers.
It's not particularly important whether you, as the head of an association, have a sense of humor or not. But how you respond still matters—you can either demand more of your critics, which is a losing battle, or you can point the public to the work you're doing that sets you above what your critics say. Failing to do so represented a missed opportunity for NAA.
What does your association do to respond to public criticism of your industry? Share your experiences in the comments.
John Oliver was a target for the Newspaper Association of America last week. (YouTube screenshot)
By Mark Athitakis
Mark Athitakis, a contributing editor for Associations Now, has written on nonprofits, the arts, and leadership for a variety of publications. He is a coauthor of The Dumbest Moments in Business History and hopes you never qualify for the sequel. MORE
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A good way to start your morning.
Kanye is currently discussing fashion, music, and his future presidential run with Lou Stoppard on In Camera. In Camera allows "a global online audience—as well as the interviewee's friends, family and peers—to pose questions answered during a live and unedited broadcast." Watch above.
Kanye recently spoke with Vanity Fair; you can revisit the highlights of that interview here.
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Q: Failed to load viewstate Yes, it's the infamous viewstate again!
Now I am aware that problems can ocurr if you load controls in the wrong order or if the viewstate IDs are incorrect after postbacks etc etc.
But my issue is that I am not really creating any controls dynamically - I only have one user control on the page.
More importantly, the issue seems to be occuring with just one user.
What could be the problem? Corrupt browser cache?
Any help appreciated.
thanks,
KS
Hi, ok - so I've narrowed it down a bit more. When I select an item from a drop down list control (which is a UserControl) - and then attempt to rebind my grid using the selected value, the error occurs.
The selectedvalue on postback seems to be zero every time (because the control is not in the viewstate somehow?!).
The UserControl (containing the dropdownlist) is added at design-time.
Hi, thanks for your reponse. What logic should I try moving to OnPreRender?
Another thing I missed...
-The first bind of grid works fine (on first time page load).
-Selecting value from dropdownlist causes postback in which grid is bound again using values - works fine also.
-When I click another button (which also triggers binding for grid), the viewstate error occurs.
Below is some code:
UserControl Source:
Imports iMWeb_BUL
Imports System.Data
Partial Class TitleList
Inherits System.Web.UI.UserControl
Public Event IndexHasChanged(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As CommandEventArgs)
Public Property TitleID() As Integer
Get
Return IIf(DDL_Titles.SelectedValue = Nothing, 0, DDL_Titles.SelectedValue)
End Get
Set(ByVal value As Integer)
Try
DDL_Titles.SelectedValue = value
Catch
End Try
End Set
End Property
Public ReadOnly Property TitleTable() As DropDownList
Get
Return DDL_Titles
End Get
End Property
Public ReadOnly Property TitleName() As String
Get
If DDL_Titles.SelectedValue > 0 Then
Return DDL_Titles.SelectedItem.ToString()
Else
Return Nothing
End If
End Get
End Property
Public Sub DDL_Titles_SelectedIndexChanged(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles DDL_Titles.SelectedIndexChanged
Dim ee As CommandEventArgs = New CommandEventArgs(DDL_Titles.SelectedValue, Nothing)
RaiseEvent IndexHasChanged(Me, ee)
End Sub
Protected Sub Page_Load(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Me.Load
If Not Page.IsPostBack Then
'bind dropdownlist
common.BindDDLs("MovieListDemo", "[SP_ListTitlesDEMO]", "MOV_ID", "movie_name", true, DDL_Titles, Nothing)
End If
End Sub
End Class
Main page logic (pseudo):
Sub Page_Load
If not postback
bindGrid()
End If
If UserControl1.IndexChanged
bindGrid()
End If
If Button1.clicked
bindGrid() <---- error occurs here
End if
Sub bingGrid
fetch data passing param TitleList1.TitleID (usercontrol)
End Sub
End Sub
A: Try moving your logic into OnPreRender
and/or In the OnLoad event, build the page with the current parameter, so that the DropDownList can get rebuilt correctly, then redraw the page with the new parameter and see if the problem goes away.
What's likely happening is the DropDownList has viewstate but the content of the control has changed before ViewState is reprocessed.
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Whatever your interests and whatever the weather, Ireland offers a huge range of memory making activities. Outdoor and indoor, adrenaline fuelled or hot chocolate filled, get wet, stay dry, go back in time or experience the future – whatever you do, have fun and enjoy supporting businesses that do what they do responsibly.
These activity providers are committed to ensuring that their business operates in an environmentally responsible manner while providing you and yours with a memorable experience for all the right reasons.
Discover 9,000 years of Irish life as you meander through woodland and wetland walks, Pan for gold, wattle your own house, try you hand at rock art or even row your own coracle boat. Archery, spear throwing, and the big dig ( booking essential) also awaits you.
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The current report was already announced in 1992 when the Council Directive on Air Pollution by Ozone (92/72/EEC; 'the Ozone Directive') was issued. The report analyses the information and data reported to the Commission in the framework of this Directive in 1994, 1995, and 1996. In addition much information, data and models from the UNECE-CLRTAP, EUROTRAC and DGXII programmes were used. The Ozone Directive sets concentration thresholds (Table 1), established a harmonised procedure for monitoring and for exchanging data and it specified requirements to inform and warn the population if necessary. A second and third guiding principle for the current report were the fifth Environment Action Programme (5EAP, Table 2) and the World Health Organization (WHO) air quality guidelines. The 5EAP expresses the aim of non-exceedance of threshold and emission reduction targets for ozone precursors. The WHO guidelines are of importance because the 5EAP states that "WHO values [should] become mandatory at EC level not later than 1998". The WHO guidelines are presented in Table 1.
The basic objective of ozone monitoring under the Directive is to assess the risk of exposure of human beings and vegetation to values in excess of the health and vegetation protection thresholds listed in the upper part of Table 1. According to the Directive, the ozone network is supposed to satisfy the following siting criteria in each Member State.
it is likely that either the population or vegetation is exposed.
The Member States' data reports for 1994, 1995 and 1996 demonstrate that the Directive has been rather successful in the field of data exchange. Also the information provided to the public has raised public awareness and put the ozone problem higher on the list of political priorities.
However, for assessment purposes the spatial coverage of the network has insufficient density in several countries. Uncovered areas can be noted in both urban and rural monitoring. The 1995 subset of rural/background stations in the EU15 countries is estimated to cover a maximum of 20 - 40% of forests and 30 - 50% of crops. The 1995 subset of urban/street sites covers no more than 12% of all EU15 residents and at most 25% of EU15 city dwellers (city defined as having more than 50,000 inhabitants).
This situation hampers meeting the risk assessment objectives defined in the Directive. Furthermore, the use of exceedances of threshold values as a binary guiding principle (either exceeded or not) for reporting on the status of pollution by tropospheric ozone does not provide much flexibility for making assessments of risks and effects of exposure. A better description of the network in terms of the local environment of the stations and co-location of NOx and O3 measurements, would be helpful.
In the polluted boundary layer ozone pollution is formed from emissions of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds in the presence of sunlight. In the background atmosphere methane and carbon monoxide are of main importance. Exposure to ozone causes health impacts and induces damage to vegetation and ecosystems. Episodes of increased ozone occur every year during periods of anticyclonic circulation, clear skies and high temperatures over many parts of Europe. These episodic concentrations are added to the large scale background concentration which is subject to a variable but mostly upward trend. Much of this trend is explained by the enhanced anthropogenic emissions of nitrogen oxides associated with the increased use of fossil fuels during the industrial period. Implementation of both hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide control will be necessary to combat ozone both during episodes and 'normal' situations. Oxides of nitrogen are also of importance in the acidification issue and because of documented health effects.
On average for the season, summer ozone levels in Europe show an increasing gradient from the north west to central Europe. The mean diurnal maximum ranges from 60-80 µg.m-3 in the north-western part to 120-140 µg.m-3 in central Europe. There are however many areas and occasions that vary from this average pattern e.g. urban areas, mountainous regions, regions subject to sea breeze phenomena.
Emissions of the ozone precursors grew until the late 1980s but are currently levelling off. Between 1990 and 1994 VOC emissions from the EU15 countries were reduced by 9%. Similar emission reductions of 8% were archived for NOx in the same period. The inventories indicate that the increased number and use of motorised vehicles partially offset the trend of declining emissions in other sectors. Put in the framework of the 5EAP emission reduction targets it is clear that several countries managed to realise a reduction. However, given the current reduction rate, it is unlikely that the remaining required cuts of >20% will be met before 2000.
On average over the EU15, the transport sector accounted for about 45% of total anthropogenic VOC emissions in the beginning of the 1990s. In the case of NOx the largest contribution came from transport with an almost stable share of 64% between 1990 and 1994.
Emissions from vegetation also contribute to the concentrations of hydrocarbons and NOx in the atmosphere and therefore to formation of O3. In the EU15 averaged over the year the contributions are of the order of 20 and 7 percent for VOC and NOx respectively.
The threshold set for the protection of human health is exceeded substantially and in all Member States. More than 90% of the 41 million citizens living within a 10 km radius of an urban/street monitoring station were exposed to an exceedance of the threshold at least once in 1995 whereas more than 80% of these people were exposed to more than 25 days of exceedance. If it is assumed that the ozone climatology observed by the current network can be extrapolated to the full EU15 population, then approximately 330 million people (more than 90%) may be exposed to at least one exceedance per year.
The exceedances reported for the health protection threshold were used to assess the number of additional hospital admissions attributable to ozone exposure if the data reported by the Member States are assumed representative of the full population of all Member States. This extrapolation led to an estimate of about 700 hospital admissions attributable to ozone at concentrations exceeding 110 µg.m-3 as an 8-h average. It is, however, known that exposure to ozone levels below this standard causes significant adverse effects in people engaged in outdoor activities. A conservative estimate of the effects of concentrations in the 60-110 µg.m-3 range indicates that an additional 3000 admissions could be attributed to ozone in total population of 15 EU countries. However, these estimations may reflect an underestimate of the number of hospital admissions. Transient decrements in lung function and increase in hospital admission rates are the ozone health impacts which are relatively well established and quantified. Other health effects, such as respiratory symptoms or short term changes in mortality rates could also result from ozone exposure in Europe but the available information is not sufficient for the quantification of impacts.
In 1994 and 1995 both the 24-h and 1-h average threshold set for the protection of vegetation were exceeded substantially, in all Member States and frequently. In 1995, the full EU15 area of coniferous forest and arable land experienced exceedances of the 24-h mean threshold. In less than one percent of the area of broad-leaved forest exceedances were not observed. The critical level for crops and semi-natural vegetation of 3 ppm.h is exceeded in all Member States except Finland. On average over all EU15 countries only 6% of arable land is not exposed to exceedances of the guideline. In the case of forests Scandinavia, Ireland and the United Kingdom forests are almost fully protected against exceedances. The remaining European forests experience exceedances by a factor 2~3 of the guideline.
The threshold value for providing information to the public is exceeded in most Member States every year, but not or rarely in Finland, Denmark and Ireland. An estimate from the 1996 data revealed that this concerned about 31 million Europeans, which approximates 45% of the urban population living in cities with operational monitoring in that year. The warning threshold is reached incidentally, in particular in the southern countries.
For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/TOP08-98/page002.html or scan the QR code.
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Berlusconi Weighs In On Milan's Financial Woes; Bonnuci Asks For Support
Milan is in a mess.
By Kian Sadeghi Nov 22, 2017, 10:58pm CET
Share All sharing options for: Berlusconi Weighs In On Milan's Financial Woes; Bonnuci Asks For Support
Photo by Handout/Getty Images
After explosive reporting from the New York Times and Forbes about Milan's Imminent financial implosion, Berlusconi has weighed in on the madness. He noted on twitter:
"To sell Milan, Fininvest entrusted advisors, law firms and banks of international standing. The Chinese buyers always met their commitments, and an important fund like Elliott felt able to provide them with a very considerable loan."
Berlusconi seems ready to defend himself if Milan's new owners sink the team. Honestly, considering the enormous pressure Milan fans put on Berlusconi to sell the team and considering Berlusconi is a businessman, it made sense for him to sell the team to Li who, at the time, did actually have upwards of 800 million euros to purchase the Rossoneri.
Milan is having just as much trouble on the field as off the field. Indeed, after losing 2-1 to Napoli, Milan's captain Leonardo Bonnuci is trying to rally support for the Rossoneri. He said:
"Hello my friends, on Thursday we will have an important game in the Europa League versus Austria Vienna. We need your support to keep on dreaming about European football, which is Milan's home. We will be waiting for you at the stadium, Forza Milan."
Despite Bonnuci doing his best to focus on winning games, it's hard for Milan fans to ignore the current situation. But Bonnuci is right about one thing: Milan needs to come back home.
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Tagged: Journey
by Anders Camitz · Published January 14, 2020
Revolution Saints, the band featuring Deen Castronovo (Journey, Bad English), Doug Aldrich (The Dead Daisies, Whitesnake, Dio), and Jack Blades (Night Ranger, Damn Yankees), will release their third full-length studio album, "Rise", on January 24th. The band have now released a lyric video for "Closer" off the upcoming album.
by Cristoffer Eriksson · Published January 9, 2020
Will those Waiting For Monday wait Until The Dawn?
Musically, you can expect classic chart topping melodies ala Journey, Styx, and Foreigner, but with a decidedly modern approach.
by Anders Camitz · Published November 24, 2019
Revolution Saints release single off upcoming album "Rise"
Revolution Saints, the band featuring Deen Castronovo (Journey, Bad English), Doug Aldrich (The Dead Daisies, Whitesnake, Dio), and Jack Blades (Night Ranger, Damn Yankees), will release their third full-length studio album, "Rise", on January 24, 2020 via Frontiers Music Srl. The band have now released the first single off the upcoming album.
by Cristoffer Eriksson · Published November 11, 2019
Swedish melodic rock sensation Arctic Rain signs with Frontiers
"With influences like Whitesnake, Mr Big, Foreigner, Talisman, Def Leppard, TOTO, Treat, Dokken, White Lion, Journey, and so many other great bands, we believe the result of our album is somewhat a distillation of our combined interpretation of that era of music," says guitarist Magnus Beglund.
The video for Another Night is a Work of Art
the Swedish AOR band Work of Art released their new album, "Exhibits", on November 8th.
by Cristoffer Eriksson · Published October 28, 2019
Misguided Love can be a Work of Art
Swedish AOR band Work of Art will release their new album, "Exhibits", on November 8th
by Cristoffer Eriksson · Published September 19, 2019
You're invited to Be The Believer in the new Exhibits of Work of Art
I wanted it to be an AOR album, not a melodic rock album, not a West Coast album, just a classic AOR sounding album, start to finish!
by Cristoffer Eriksson · Published June 10, 2019 · Last modified June 11, 2019
Power metal vocalist Andre Matos (1971-2019) remembered
Brazilian vocalist, pianist and composer Andre Matos died on June 8th following a heart attack. Having become an international name through his time fronting Angra, Matos was also associated with Viper, Shaaman, Symfonia and Avantasia. Since 2006, Matos had been dedicating his time primarily to his solo band.
by Cristoffer Eriksson · Published May 17, 2019
Majestica's Night Call Girl is single!
"'Night Call Girl' is a huge tribute to the 80's metal we grew up with. It's a mix between Gary Moore, Rick Springfield, Europe and Journey. The lyrics are all about the classical catch phrases they used in those days and it has one of the best "sing along" choruses on the album. Power metal doesn't go far away from 80's metal so that's why we felt that this tribute to our 80's hair metal heroes fits great on »Above The Sky«."
by Cristoffer Eriksson · Published April 4, 2019
Restless Spirits are "Calling You" through Lords of Black guitarist and Journey drummer
Lords of Black guitarist Tony Hernando's album "Restless Spirits" contains melodic hard rock and some of the best singers on the Frontiers label, including Johnny Gioeli and Deen Castronovo.
by Cristoffer Eriksson · Published January 24, 2019 · Last modified January 25, 2019
Will you become a "True Believer" in "Angels In Blue" when you hear the new track from Find Me?
As previously reported here at Stargazed Magazine, Robbie Lablanc and Daniel Flores will release "Angels In Blue",...
by Cristoffer Eriksson · Published December 13, 2018
"No Tears In Paradise" as Find Me release music video from upcoming album
Robbie Lablanc and Daniel Flores has announced that their third album as Find Me, "Angels In Blue"...
Radio Exile welcomes Mike LePond and signs to Mighty Music
US rockers Radio Exile has signed with Mighty Music. The band's critical acclaimed self-titled debut album was...
by Cristoffer Eriksson · Published August 15, 2018 · Last modified October 30, 2018
Steve Perry of Journey returns with single No Erasin'
It's been a long time comin' but Steve Perry (the vocalist of AOR giants Journey during their...
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Students, teachers and parents of St Benedict's High School can ask questions to employers on the LIVE CHAT next to the video player.
St Benedict's High School
Website: www.oraetlabora.co.uk/
Twitter : @stbenedictsren
St Benedict's High School
St Benedict's High School is a six year Roman Catholic high school in Linwood. The school's catchment area covers the areas of Linwood, Johnstone, Bridge of Weir, Houston and the surrounding areas.
There are five associated primary schools, Our Lady of Peace in Linwood, St Anthony's, St David's and St Margaret's in Johnstone and St Fillan's in Houston. The catchment areas comprise of a mix of local authority, traditional and new housing.
St Benedict's High School enjoys very close working relationships with its associated primary schools which ensure that the pupils benefit from a smooth transition from primary to secondary.
As a result of firmly established consortium relationships within Renfrewshire, our students benefit from a wider choice of subjects at all levels and access to vocational courses at Reid Kerr College.
Partnership working with the Homelink Service, Educational Psychology Service and Health and Social Work is fundamental to meeting the additional support needs of some of our young people.
Connect Now for St Benedict's High School
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PARIS, Oct. 30 (Xinhua) -- Second-seeded Novak Djokovic breezed past Portugal's Joao Sousa in straight sets to make into the round of 16, while French players failed to please home crowds as five of six featuring in Tuesday's action crashed out from the competition at the 2018 ATP Paris Masters.
Djokovic didn't concede a set in his previous five head-to-heads against Sousa. Both players maintained their serves in the first three games, before the Serbian took advantage of first serves trouble from his opponent for the first break of the match.
Then Djokovic built a 4-1 lead after holding his own service, while seeing his Portuguese rival bounce back strongly for a 4-all.
The world No. 2 broke for the second time in the 12th game to bag the first set 7-5.
Djokovic continued his momentum with five straight games into the second set, and seemed to be little tested en route to his 6-1 victory. He converted his third match points as Sousa's backhand went long.
Djokovic is vying for the top position on the ATP world rankings with Rafael Nadal. The Serbian has not been world No. 1 since the 2016 Paris Masters. He needs to advance further than the Spaniard to regain the top place.
Fifth seed Marin Cilic overcame Philipp Kohlschreiber 6-3, 6-4, while the 14th-seeded Greek talent Stefanos Tsitsipas was ousted by Damir Dzumhur 6-3, 6-3.
There was little to celebrate for home players. Jo-Wilfried Tsonga suffered an agonizing loss to Canadian opponent Milos Raonic after two hours and 52 minutes, as three sets were forced into tie-breaks at 6-7 (4), 7-6 (5), 7-6 (5).
Tsonga's compatriot Jeremy Chardy fell to Spaniard Fernando Verdasco 6-4, 6-4. Defeats also arrived for other two Frenchmen Pierre-Hugues Herbert and Benoit Paire.
Only Gilles Simon moved through Tuesday's first round at the expense of Lucas Pouille in an all-France duel at 6-3, 6-4.
Roger Federer, fresh from his 99th tour-level title in his hometown Basel last weekend, confirmed his participation in the French capital, marking his first appearance in the tournament over the past three years.
"Mostly I feel like it's better for me to play matches rather than practice," Federer told a news conference.
The third seed will take on Raonic in Wednesday's second round. Nadal will face his fellow Spaniard Fernando Verdasco.
|
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This is the first Edison I've ever laid my hands on. My curiosity -as always- was spiked by reading a lot of very positive reviews about their products. Thanks to Scrittura Elegante, a store/webshop based in the Netherlands, I got the chance to check out one of Edison's pens and give you my personal opinion about it.
Edison makes two different kinds of pens: a production line, and a custom 'signature' line. The production line is the most affordable way to get your hands on one of Edison's creations, but there's a limited choice in models and materials. The signature line pens are about twice as expensive (or more), but you do get more variety in models and materials, you also have the option to get different filling systems, make changes to the design and finish (at a premium). In short, if you're willing to invest, you can have them make a pen exactly the way you want.
The one I'm holding right now, however, is a production line model. It's called the Collier, and you can choose from four different materials (each with a dedicated trim color). My pen came in the antique marble acrylic with gold trims. I must say neither the model, nor the finish would have been my personal choice, but it's hard (almost impossible) not to like it when you see the pen in person. The experience, everything from the fantastic material to the great writing experience, really WOWed me.
Pictures of this pen don't do it justice. The translucent orange acrylic has streaks of opaque black and pearlescent acrylic scattered across the surface of the pen. It's a bit of everything, with amazing depth, translucency, chatoyance,... Without a doubt, this is the most fascinating material I've ever seen on a pen so far. It's acrylic, so I expected it to be fairly light. however because it's a pretty sizeable pen, it's still a comfortable 30 grams (total).
This material really shines when the light catches it!
The gorgeous material is accentuated by a gold clip and gold-plated steel nib. The color of the hardware depends on the finish, unlike on the custom models where you can choose those details yourself. I'm not the kind of person that would always choose gold-trimmed pens, however I can appreciate it on the right occasion. Some pens, and some materials just need gold trims; I'm pretty certain rhodium trims on a pen like this wouldn't look good at all. Besides, it's already a pretty 'in-your-face' kind of pen, it's big, colorful and flashy. So in a way, the gold trims blend in quite well.
Have I mentioned how huge this pen is? Well let me tell you this: I quite like big fountain pens, I have a few 'oversized' models in my collection, with the biggest one so far being my new Omas Paragon. The Collier has almost the exact same dimensions as the Omas, 150mm long (slightly under 6 Inches) and a ridiulous 16mm wide (3/5 Inch) at its widest point!
Initially, the width made me worry about comfort. However, the grip section -while relatively short- has a more comfortable width, and is extremely comfortable to hold. The concave shape is remniscent of what Kaweco incorporates on many of their pens. And if you can recall any of my Kaweco reviews, you know that I've always been quite a fan of the design of their grip sections.
The section provides a very secure grip that is comfortable to use for hours straight. The threads are a bit sharp, but oddly enough I never had any issues with them. Same story with the step from section to barrel. It's quite a harsh step, but it didn't bother me while I was writing. I assume this is also because the section forces you to grip it rather close to the nib, away from the threads and step.
Because of the sheer size of the pen, I assume it's more than long enough to be used unposted by anyone. That's fortunate, because the cap can't be posted on this specific model (And I don't recommend trying either, cause you'd risk cracking the cap).
According to the numerous reviews I read, build quality has always been one of Edison's strong suits. So I expected a pristine pen on arrival, and that's exactly what I got. The material is perfectly polished, I couldn't find any machining marks, and tolerances are very high. Everything fits together nicely. Branding on the pen is kept to an absolute minimum. Brand and model name are engraved on the barrel in a very small and unobtrusive font. I quite like the way they did that, because it reminds me of how vintage pens used to be marked.
The steel #6 nib is a standard issue German JoWo nib. It's the kind of nib often used by custom pen manufacturers, and Edison is their American distributor (at least how I understand it). These nibs come with a bit of scrollwork around the edge, and a large blank area on the face that can be laser-engraved by the individual manufacturers. The laser-engraved Edison logo is quite nice, but I'm not a huge fan of how it looks, it's not as clean as the usual stamped engraving you can find on most pens.
The writing experience is excellent. The nib definitely lived up to its reputation. I mentioned last week that I prefer a nib with character. The nib on the Edison leans towards the 'characterless' category, but that's not necessarily a bad thing, it just depends on what you're looking for. I couldn't help but reach for this pen whenever I had to write something down. I guess that's somewhat inherent to the fact that, whilst slightly less exciting, nibs like this always work.
Anyway, Edison managed to provide a very reliable writer. It has -what I consider- perfect flow, slightly wet and very consistent (which might have something to do with the funky design of the feed, that has a pooling area right underneath the tines. Perhaps to keep the inkflow steady?). The medium nib writes true to size, and is well-polished with just a hint of feedback. It's not a flexible nib, it's not even noticeably soft, but it's well-made, and reliable, which is probably the most important aspect about a fountain pen for pretty much all fountain pen enthousiasts.
At about 135 EUR/ 150 USD, these pens aren't exactly cheap. And we're not even talking about the custom pens Edison makes. For the same price, you can find gold-nibbed pens, like a lamy 2k. On the other hand, if you are somewhat into fountain pens, chances are you already have a lamy 2000, and you just want something else (or maybe you want an affordable way into oversized pens?). In that case, the collier would be a pen I'd totally recommend.
Note: Scrittura Elegante Supports this blog. I received this product for free, so I could write this review. I was in no way influenced in the making of this review, the opinions shared here are completely my own! This review does not contain any affilate links.
Nice review. When purchasing a custom pen the nib will be tuned to your desire and can embody whatever character you wish. I asked for mine to have a bit of feedback.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
While studying abroad in Florence, Italy, on a faculty-led program through Washington State University's School of Economic Sciences, Lauryn Ringwood found her passion for applied economics.
"I met people that work in economics and I really resonated with the way that they look at things — it's a lot of weighing pros and cons and thinking about all sides of an issue and that was attractive to me," Ringwood said.
Originally from Finley, Washington, Ringwood received her bachelor's degree in economics from WSU before coming to the University of Idaho for an advanced degree. She will graduate from the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences (CALS) in May with a master's degree in applied economics.
Ringwood was looking to further her career when she heard about the applied economics program at UI from WSU faculty members.
"UI is really great at being able to provide funding for their students, so that was very appealing because I'd be able to be a research assistant and contribute to a project while I was here," Ringwood said.
Ringwood has always been intrigued by communities — what shapes them, what makes them distinct, what makes them thrive while others decline. Her interest peaked after serving on a nonprofit through AmeriCorps in Mendocino County, California, prior to starting her graduate program at UI.
The nonprofit represented an alliance of rural community health centers. She worked as a workforce development specialist and public health liaison, and was the program coordinator for a health care workforce pipeline program called Rural Health Scholars. She also served as the project facilitator for a pilot project with the American Diabetes Association.
Ringwood was offered a graduate research assistantship at UI that allowed her to study community resilience.
Ringwood is working with Philip Watson, associate professor of economics, and Paul Lewin, Extension specialist in rural community development and assistant professor of economics, who are conducting research in regional economics and working on a USDA Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) funded project on economic resilience. The project focuses on community's abilities to withstand shock and recover when they've been hit by something unexpected, such as a natural disaster or a major employer closing.
Ringwood is working to develop a new way of measuring economic resilience by studying the resilience at the county level after examining how all 3,000 counties in the U.S. responded to the 2008 national recession.
"When we have a shock that happens — like the national recession — we look at a more observable response from the community, either in employment levels or output changes during that time, and we actually look at a graph and measure the dimensions of a dip in employment and response to the shock," Ringwood said.
Once it was determined which communities responded well and which were impacted more strongly by the recession, the researchers looked at the resources communities have, and how that influences their response to unpredictable shocks. Through early analysis, farming-dependent communities showed up very strong in association with higher resilience during the 2008 recession, Ringwood said.
Ringwood appreciates the family atmosphere at UI, and is thankful for how approachable and available faculty members have been throughout her program.
After graduation, Ringwood is considering continuing to work in regional economics. She plans to reflect on the different experiences she has had.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Young people help deliver drink-drive message
12.00 | 8 December 2014 | Drink driving
Police and other partners in Road Safety Wales are using a series of videos produced by students to highlight the consequences of drink driving.
The videos were the winners of the seventh All Wales Multimedia Competition which challenged schools, colleges and youth groups to devise, perform and record a presentation with an anti drink-drive message.
The four regional winners each received a £500 prize and saw their work premiered at the All Wales winter drink drive campaign launch at Dyfed Powys Police HQ, Carmarthen.
The winning entry for the Dyfed Powys Police region is by Gwilym Short and Morgan Jones from Llanidloes High School. The pair created the "Pie-Eyed Pilgrimage" to successfully deploy comedy to impart a serious message.
The winning entry from the North Wales Police region, "You Booze, You Cruise" was created by pupils from Coleg Cambria in Wrexham.
Tom Parsons from Coleg Gwent at Blaenau Gwent Learning Zone created the winning entry for the Gwent Police Force region. Tom utilised his animation skills to emphasise the importance of thinking about the potential consequences before acting.
The winning entry for the South Wales Police region comes from Spark Blaenymaes Youth Project from Swansea. Their film "Truth or Dare" is a drama based around the serious, life changing implications of drinking and driving.
Susan Storch, chair of Road Safety Wales, said: "I would like to congratulate all the participants who took the time and effort to consider this vitally important message.
"I hope these films and poster will serve as a timely reminder that drink driving is illegal, unacceptable and foolish."
All four films can be viewed on the Road Safety Wales YouTube channel.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
Led by Nancy T., guild members revealed the four quilts for Pulse that we've finished to date.
Patty shared her latest quilt, a Sew Kind of Wonderful pattern called Metro Scope.
Lisa held up three finished tops on their way to becoming quilts (and she has since started quilting one of them here).
Beth C. organized a special project for a retiring colleague. Teachers at her school wrote notes on neutral fabric squares, and Beth transformed them into this unique gift.
Gail experimented with fabric in this runner.
Marie fulfilled a recent challenge by creating this mini, her interpretation of a structure she encountered in the woods.
Jessie showed off this throw-size finish.
Simone sewed up this amazing bag for herself.
Denise is hiding behind two recent finishes. She started both years ago but wrapped them up for our WIP challenge.
Dess turned hand-pieced hexagons into lavender sachets, explaining that quilt blocks aren't just for quilts!
Carolyn pieced this quilt in a workshop with Amy Friend and quilted it herself!
Judy also took the Amy Friend class, finishing the same quilt in a different palette.
Sandi calls this, her third finish, Mango Mix.
Sue shared this quilt with the group.
And Ann shared this runner.
This quilt (whose creator is hidden behind it!) was made from a panel that was cut vertically and sewn back together.
Janice picked up this quilt top years ago at a UFO sale and gave it new life as a finished quilt.
Janice also finished this house quilt.
Nancy T. showed us two quilts: one featuring the NHMQG 2015 blocks of the month and one that uses some of her Farmer's Wife blocks.
Kathy's grandson was eager to receive this quilt and even contributed to the label on the back.
Kathy also showed off this sparkly runner.
Opheila finished three projects: her Castle Peeps quilt, Red Letter Day quilt, and Amish with a Twist quilt.
Mary Jean used Denyse Schmidt's Hadley line to create this beauty, a throw she is keeping for herself.
Join us on September 20th for the next guild meeting, which will feature a new batch of show-and-tell quilts and much more!
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
I'm honored to welcome you - nice reader of this post - in the first part of the first article series on this blog called "Let's talk JS" in which I'll discuss some general programming-language specific features of my favorite - JS. Without further ado - let's begin!
And more you'll get my friend with JS engines ( especially V8 ) getting faster and more feature-full. The demand for performant JS code is now bigger than ever. Sadly, JS can get just as good as it's possible, so ( for an interpreted language ) not that much more. That's why new web-development tools like WebAssembly (WASM) are becoming more and more popular. You can read more about WASM in my other article and around the internet. Anyway, for now constant, positive growth in the performance of JS can be observed with a smile on the face of every JS programmer.
Of course, besides the implementation, important for performance is the quality of the written code. So, how to write code that can be well-optimized by V8's JIT compiler ( yes, only well written and a repetitive code is JIT-compiled for better performance ) Keep in mind that I'm not talking about such aspects of the language as web APIs and DOM operations - only bare code execution.
So, there you have it - list of the most general optimization tips for JS. Even if some are obvious, some can be not as much and some can be just forgotten.
Thanks for reading till the end of this post. If you liked it - consider sharing this performant article ⚡ with others on Twitter or sharing your thoughts below. Have a nice day/night!
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Q: nodejs: save data of sortable menu with javascript and send it to mongodb SOLVED!!
I have a popup window with a sortable menu made with javascript. The elements of the menu belong to a mongoose schema and I want to update the database according to the new order list coming from the menu. let me explain better. I have this mongoose schema:
({
title: { type: String },
POI: [{
POIname: { type: String },
POIlocation: { type: String },
POItext: { type: String }
}]
})
I pass the array POIs from Express to the client side,
#popupbox
#riordinabox
#divhead
span#exitbox(onclick="closepopupbox('popupbox')", title="EXIT") X
p Trascina il POI per riordinare la lista
#divlistaPOI
each POI in POIs
.divpopupbox(id="#{POI.POIname}", draggable="true", ondragenter="dragenter(event)" ondragstart="dragstart(event)")
p #{POI.POIname}
#divfooter
and, as you can see, the .POIname elements create the menu. The user is allowed to change the order of the list and save the new order. For example the default order is:
({
title: "sometitle",
POI: [{
POIname: "jump",
POIlocation: table,
POItext: "jump on the table"
}],
[{
POIname: "run",
POIlocation: street,
POItext: "run on the street"
}],
[{
POIname: "turnR",
POIlocation: everywhere,
POItext: "turn right"
}]
})
and the sortable menu shows:
*
*jump
*run
*turnR
After the user action, the new order list is:
*
*run
*turnR
*jump
Now I want to get the new order and set the same order in the database, therefore I can see
({
title: "sometitle",
POI: [{
POIname: "run",
POIlocation: street,
POItext: "run on the street"
}],
[{
POIname: "turnR",
POIlocation: everywhere,
POItext: "turn right"
}],
[{
POIname: "jump",
POIlocation: table,
POItext: "jump on the table"
}]
})
and I know which step comes first.
Any ideas?
thank you!
A: @YanMayatskiy we are close to the end. I did this code:
router.get('/:name/orderlist/:list', function(req, res, next) {
Itinerario.findOne({name: req.params.name}, function(err, itinerario){
if (err) throw err;
var temp = [];
var array = JSON.parse(req.params.list);
res.send(array);
for (i=0; i<array.length; i++){
if (itinerario.POI[i].POIname === array[i]){
temp[i] = itinerario.POI[i];
} else {
var j = 0;
while (true){
if( itinerario.POI[i].POIname === array[j] ){
break;
}
j++
}
temp[j] = itinerario.POI[i];
}
}
for (i=0; i<temp.length; i++){
itinerario.POI[i] = temp[i];
}
itinerario.save(function (err, itinerario){
if (err) throw err;
console.log(itinerario);
})
})
});
it works correctly, but there is an issue! At the end, when I log the "itinerario" model I can see in the prompt the new order of the steps:
({
title: "sometitle",
POI: [{
POIname: "run",
POIlocation: street,
POItext: "run on the street"
}],
[{
POIname: "turnR",
POIlocation: everywhere,
POItext: "turn right"
}],
[{
POIname: "jump",
POIlocation: table,
POItext: "jump on the table"
}]
})
but, if I do the find() method in the mongo prompt I still see the old order of the steps!!!!!!
({
title: "sometitle",
POI: [{
POIname: "jump",
POIlocation: table,
POItext: "jump on the table"
}],
[{
POIname: "run",
POIlocation: street,
POItext: "run on the street"
}],
[{
POIname: "turnR",
POIlocation: everywhere,
POItext: "turn right"
}]
})
Infact when I refresh the page, I get the old order again. It doesn't save the new order in the database!!!!
I'm going crazy!
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
}
|
ISG has promoted Paul Sharp to head its specialist technical fit out operation in its UK Engineering business, as the company further strengthens its delivery capability in technically complex fit out projects within the burgeoning healthcare and research and development (R&D) sectors.
ISG has been awarded a £6.7 million project to construct a new 75-bed care home for Quantum Care in Letchworth; the company's fifth scheme for the not-for-profit residential care provider, which includes a £4.7 million development the contractor is currently building in Dunstable, Bedfordshire.
ISG has been awarded a £5.5 million project by development managers Medici Asset Management, with backing from Oakvest, to deliver a mixed-use luxury residential and office scheme in a fashionable area of Notting Hill.
ISG has secured a contract to renovate 9 Charlotte Square, Edinburgh, the new home of SCOBAN Plc, the planned private bank.
A special report by Raconteur Media titled The Future of Retail has been published in The Times.
Projects completed by ISG in the South East have been officially recognised with a series of prestigious awards, including four accolades for the contractor's £25.6 million New Marlowe Theatre scheme in Canterbury and a fifth for its London Gateway deep sea container port project.
ISG, the international construction services group, is pleased to announce that it has completed the acquisition of 90% of the share capital of Tecton Engineering GmbH ("Tecton") for a maximum consideration of €2.6m (£2.2m).
ISG is due to imminently commence work on the £27 million project to re-clad the 13-storey East Wing building on the St Thomas' Hospital site in central London. The project was procured via a high-profile RIBA Competition to select an architect and main contractor team that could transform the poorly performing building with a modern cladding solution to enhance its environmental performance, upgrade facilities for patients and staff, and dramatically improve the building's aesthetics on the London skyline.
Members of ISG's site team were treated to a tea break by internationally renowned artist Nikhil Chopra as part of the 2013 Manchester International Festival. ISG is part way through a £12 million project to extend and refurbish the University of Manchester's Whitworth Art Gallery, however from sunrise on the Friday 5th July, through to sunset on Sunday 7th July, part of the site was transformed into a working artist's studio.
ISG has successfully completed an exclusive luxury home conversion with new build subterranean leisure complex following a £9.5 million project in conjunction with the developers Capital Residential Management Ltd.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Frodshams Solicitors
ELEANOR JANE GRIFFIN (Deceased)
Notice ID: WAR1773876
9th July 2020 to 8th August 2020
Pursuant to the Trustee Act 1925 any persons having a claim against or an interest in the Estate of the above named, late of Colliers Croft Care Home 161 Clipsley Lane St Helens WA11 0JG, who died on 19/11/2019, are required to send written particulars thereof to the undersigned on or before 10/09/2020, after which date the Estate will be distributed having regard only to the claims and interests of which they have had notice.
Cowley Chambers 22 Cowley Hill Lane St Helens WA10 2AD
WAR1773876.pdf Download
ST. HELENS BOROUGH COUNCIL ROAD TRAFFIC REGULATION ACT 1984 (as Amended) - SECTION 14(1) THE COUNCIL OF THE BOROUGH OF ST. HELENS (HAYDOCK LANE,
ROAD TRAFFIC REGULATION ACT 1004 (as Amended)-SECTION 14(1) THE COUNCIL OF THE BOROUGH OF ST. HELENS (HAYDOCK LANE, ST HELENS) (TEMPORARY PROHIBITION OF DRIVING) ORDER 2018
ST. HELENS BOROUGH COUNCIL ROAD TRAFFIC REGULATION ACT 1004 (as Amended)-SECTION 14(1) THE COUNCIL OF THE BOROUGH OF ST. HELENS (HAYDOCK LANE, ST
ERIC EDMUND JOHN CRELLIN (Deceased)
ERIC EDMUND JOHN CRELLIN (Deceased) Pursuant to the Trustee Act 1925 any persons having a daim against or an interest in the Estate of the above
DOROTHY BARBARA POTTER (Deceased)
DOROTHY BARBARA POTTER (Deceased) Pursuant to the Trustee Act 1925 any persons having a claim against or an interest in the Estate of the
Public Notice Application Number: lP/2017/0254/OUP Proposal: Outline Planning application with all matters other than access reserved for
NOTICE The Registrar General, being satisfied that the following building is no longer used by the congregation on whose behalf it was
JOYCE BLACKBURN (otherwise known as BRIDGE-BLACKBURN formerly known as GREEN) (Deceased)
JOYCE BLACKBURN (otherwise known as BRIDGE-BLACKBURN formerly known as GREEN) (Deceased) Pursuant to the Trustee Act 1925 any persons having a
PATRICIA ANN (also known as ANN) GRAVES (Deceased)
PATRICIA ANN (also known as ANN) GRAVES (Deceased) Pursuant to the Trustee Act 1925 any persons having a claim against or an interest in the
ANDREW KERR (Deceased)
ANDREW KERR (Deceased) Pursuant to the Trustee Act 1925 any persons having a darn against or an interest in the Estate of the above named, late
LICENSING ACT 2003 NOTICE OF APPLICATION FOR GRANT OF PREMISES LICENCE
LICENSING ACT 2003 NOTICE OF APPLICATION FOR GRANT OF PREMISES LICENCE TAKE NOTICE that JIYAN56 LTD has applied for a PREMISES LICENCE for Evins
Town and Country Planning (Development Management Procedure) (England) Order 2015
Town and Country Planning (Development Management Procedure) (England) Order 2015 NOTICE UNDER ARTICLES 13 & 36 Proposed development at 117
EILEEN FEENEY (Deceased)
EILEEN FEENEY (Deceased) Pursuant to the Trustee Act 1925 any persons having a claim against or an interest in the Estate of the above named,
MARY TYRER (Deceased)
MARY TYRER (Deceased) Pursuant to the Trustee Act 1925 any persons having a claim against or an interest in the Estate of the aforementioned
JAKE NATHAN ANDREW ALDRED (Deceased)
JAKE NATHAN ANDREW ALDRED (Deceased) Pursuant to the Trustee Act 1925 any persons having a claim against or an Interest in the Estate of the
MOLLY HEWARD (Deceased)
MOLLY HEWARD (Deceased) Pursuant to the Trustee Act 1925 any persons having a claim against or an interest in the Estate of the aforementioned
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
<?php namespace URFBattleground\Http\Controllers;
use Carbon\Carbon;
use Redis;
use URFBattleground\GameId;
use URFBattleground\Managers\CacheStorage;
use URFBattleground\Managers\Helpers;
use URFBattleground\Managers\LolApi\Api\Response\Dto\ListDto;
use URFBattleground\Managers\LolApi\Api\Response\Response;
use URFBattleground\Managers\LolApi\Api\Response\ResponseDto;
use URFBattleground\Managers\LolApi\Exception\Response\ApiResponseException;
use URFBattleground\Managers\LolApi\Exception\Response\LimitExceedException;
use URFBattleground\Managers\LolApi\Exception\Response\NotFoundException;
use URFBattleground\Managers\LolApi\Exception\UnexpectedException;
use URFBattleground\Managers\LolApi\LimitManager;
use URFBattleground\Managers\LolApi\LolApi;
use URFBattleground\Managers\LolApi\Region;
class WelcomeController extends Controller {
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Welcome Controller
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| This controller renders the "marketing page" for the application and
| is configured to only allow guests. Like most of the other sample
| controllers, you are free to modify or remove it as you desire.
|
*/
/** @var LolApi */
private $lolApi;
public function __construct(LolApi $lolApi)
{
set_time_limit(0);
ignore_user_abort(true);
// ini_set('xdebug.max_nesting_level', 300);
// global region for all api's
$this->lolApi = $lolApi
->setRegion(Region::RU)
->throwOnLimitExceed()
->autoRepeatOnLimitExceed()
->cache(99999)
->storage(new CacheStorage());
// ->autoRepeatOnLimitExceed(5);
// ->throwOnLimitExceed();
$this->middleware('guest');
}
private function getHours($hours = 1)
{
return 12 * $hours;
}
private function getDays($days = 1)
{
return $this->getHours($days * 24);
}
private function updateDb()
{
// $db = \DB::connection('mysql.azure')->getReadPdo();
// max id = 2725471
$start = 2725471;
$period = 100000;
$end = $start - $period;
$total = 0;
$success = 0;
$fail = 0;
while ($start > 0) {
$games = GameId::on('mysql.azure')->where('id', '<', $start)->where('id', '>=', $end)->get();
if ($games->count() > 0) {
foreach ($games as $game) {
try {
GameId::create([
'game_id' => $game->game_id,
'region_id' => $game->region_id,
'receive_at' => $game->receive_at
]);
$success++;
} catch (\Exception $e) {
$this->dump($e->getMessage());
$fail++;
}
}
}
$count = count($games);
$start -= $period;
$end -= $period;
$total += $count;
}
$this->dump(
"total: {$total}",
"success: {$success}",
"fail: {$fail}"
);
die;
}
public function index(LolApi $lolApi)
{
$this->catchExceptionsOnCall(function() use ($lolApi) {
$match = $lolApi->apiMatch()->setRegion(Region::NA)->byId(1778704162, 1);
var_dump($match);
// var_dump($match->getResource());
// dd($match->getData());
});
die;
// $this->updateDb();
// first - 1427865900
// $apiChallengeApi = $this->lolApi->apiChallenge();
// LimitManager::resetAllCounters();
$apiChallengeApi = \LolApi::apiChallenge();
$regions = Region::allExcept(Region::PBE);
$regionsModel = \URFBattleground\Region::all();
// TODO check bad request response, e.g. for 1429697700
// $time = \Cache::get('last_timestamp', 1428094800);
$time = 1427865900;
// $lastGame = GameId::where('receive_at', '<=', $time)->orderBy('id', 'desc')->first();
$lastGame = '';
if (empty($lastGame)) {
$lastRegionId = 0;
} else {
$lastRegionId = $lastGame->region_id;
}
$regionsArr = [];
foreach ($regionsModel as $reg) {
$regionsArr[$reg->name] = $reg->id;
}
$firstIt = count($regions);
for ($i = $firstIt - 1; $i >= 0; $i--) {
$regF = $regions[$i];
if ($i === ($firstIt - 1) && $regionsArr[$regF] === $lastRegionId) {
break;
}
if ($regionsArr[$regF] < $lastRegionId) {
// unset($regions[$i]);
}
}
// TODO idleTime() - общее время простоя на лимитах
// $regions = ['ru'];
// try {
// $initialTimes = $this->getDays(1);
$initialTimes = 1;
// $initialTimes = $this->getHours(1);
$times = $initialTimes;
$lastStamp = 0;
$startedAt = Carbon::now();
$this->dump('STARTED IN ' . $startedAt->toDateTimeString() . '');
$successes = 0;
$total = 0;
foreach ($regions as $region) {
if (!$time) {
throw new \Exception('No timestamp specified');
}
$carbon = Carbon::createFromTimestamp($time);
$this->dump("Start requests for \"{$region}\" region -> " . $carbon->toDateTimeString());
while ($times > 0) {
// set local region for challenge api's
$result = $this->catchExceptionsOnCall(function() use ($apiChallengeApi, $regionsArr, $region, $carbon) {
try {
$games = $apiChallengeApi
->setRegion($region)
// ->preventCaching()
->getResource()
->gameIds($carbon->getTimestamp());
return $games;
} catch (LimitExceedException $e) {
$this->dump(
$e->getMessage() . ', sleep for ' . \LolApi::getReadyAfter() . ' second(s)...'
);
/** @var Response $respLimit */
$respLimit = $this->catchExceptionsOnCall(function() use ($apiChallengeApi, $regionsArr, $region, $carbon) {
return $apiChallengeApi->repeatLastUntilLimitPasses();
});
// var_dump('json after limit '.$respLimit->json());
return $respLimit;
}
}, function($responseDto) use ($regionsArr, $region, $carbon) {
if (!$responseDto instanceof ListDto) {
return false;
}
return $this->saveResponse($responseDto, $regionsArr[$region], $carbon->getTimestamp());
});
$successes += ($result ? 1 : 0);
$carbon->addMinutes(5);
$times -= 1;
if ($lastStamp < $carbon->getTimestamp()) {
$lastStamp = $carbon->getTimestamp();
\Cache::put('last_timestamp', $lastStamp, 99999);
}
$total += 1;
$this->sendOutput();
}
$this->dump(
"End requests for \"{$region}\" region -> " . $carbon->toDateTimeString() . ', Successes: ' . $successes . ' / ' . $total
)->sendOutput();
$times = $initialTimes;
}
$this->dump(
'Successes: ' . $successes . '/' . $total,
'--------> FINISHED ' . Carbon::instance($startedAt)->diffForHumans() . ' <--------',
'Last stamp: ' . $lastStamp,
'That\'s it!'
);
return view('welcome');
}
private function sendOutput()
{
$status = ob_get_status(true);
$level = count($status);
if (!empty($status[$level]['del'])
|| (isset($status[$level]['flags'])
&& ($status[$level]['flags'] & PHP_OUTPUT_HANDLER_REMOVABLE)
)
) {
ob_end_flush();
}
}
private function catchExceptionsOnCall($func, $success = null)
{
/********************
* ┬──┬ ノ(゜-゜ノ) *
*******************/
if (is_callable($func)) {
try {
$result = $func();
if (!is_callable($success)) {
return $result;
}
return $success($result);
} catch (ApiResponseException $e) {
$this->dump(
"Api response exception: {$e->getMessage()}"
);
Helpers::logException($e);
} catch (UnexpectedException $e) {
$this->dump("An exception in LoL Engine: {$e->getMessage()}");
Helpers::logException($e, ['module' => 'LE_Welcome']);
} catch (\Exception $e) {
$this->dump("An exception: {$e->getMessage()}");
Helpers::logException($e, ['from' => 'WelcomeController::catchExceptionsOnCall']);
}
}
return false;
}
private function dump($args)
{
$dateTimeString = Carbon::now()->toDateTimeString();
var_dump("-----------------------------------------{$dateTimeString}-----------------------------------------");
call_user_func_array('var_dump', func_get_args());
return $this;
}
private function saveResponse(ListDto $response, $region, $received_at)
{
$data = $response->getList();
if (!empty($data)) {
$insertData = [];
foreach ($data as $gameId) {
$insertData[] = [
'game_id' => $gameId,
'region_id' => $region,
'receive_at' => $received_at,
'created_at' => new \DateTime,
'updated_at' => new \DateTime,
];
}
\DB::table('games_ids')->insert($insertData);
$this->dump(
'Resource ' . $response->response()->getResource(),
'Saved ' . count($insertData) . ' games'
);
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
}
|
Starting a business is a challenge that takes a lot of hard work, putting in your own finances to make it happen, and an attitude that doesn't back down. This endeavor is hard for anyone, but there are certain people who thrive amid the stress and frustration of business ownership. Among those people are veterans. But what is it about veterans that make them so great at being an entrepreneur?
At Defender Bracelets, we want to help support veterans who have served our country so that they can become successful in their day-to-day lives as well as their business lives. Our fundraising bracelet seeks to honor those who have served in various branches.
Many veterans have been in leadership positions and have definitely started at the bottom where they worked with a variety of leaders themselves. This experience gave them an opportunity to learn what works and what doesn't. A great leader will allow their followers to have confidence in them, loyalty, and commitment, leading to a team that is has a common goal of success. This highly desired skill is looked for throughout industries.
Graduating from basic training is a huge accomplishment, and many veterans go on to earn promotions. These accomplishments take a lot of hard work and ingenuity. Veterans who have been in the Army, Navy, Marine Corp, etc. for years have seen numerous challenges and they know what it takes to succeed. After achieving success, they can go on to work just as hard, if not harder, to accomplish other challenges.
The ability to focus efforts on a task until it is completed, veterans are trained to have a sense of discipline that easily translates to working in the business world. Knowing how to handle, or having the state of mind to figure out how to handle, various problems and challenges that occur is a skill that is highly valuable. Despite business challenges, someone with discipline will keep pushing themselves until they succeed.
Veterans and business owners alike often have to complete tasks without having the resources they need. But despite not having the tools they need, they make it work. When the product isn't selling or new customers aren't coming in, veterans will have the experience to find innovative solutions to the problem.
Entrepreneurs know that it takes a lot of risk to start and run a successful business, but they will take on that challenge with a bold face. Being courageous and bold despite financial struggles, or whatever the situation may be, is what keeps business owners and veterans fighting to achieve their goals.
Defender Bracelets is a veteran-owned company, so we recognize the skills that we have learned from serving and how they translate into the business world. With our fundraising bracelet, we hope that we can help the veterans who have struggled after transitioning to civilian life.
Veterans and their families deserve to have a chance to live successful lives. By partnering with business, we want to raise money to support veterans with fundraising bracelets that feature several branches of service. Learn more about us and order your sample fundraising bracelet today.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Home / Dog Behavior / Odd Behaviors / Why Does My Dog Attack Me While I Exercise?
Why does my dog attack me when I am exercising?
The simple answer is your dog is excited, and he thinks you are playing with him. Most of the time you are at the dog's level (perhaps doing some crunches), and this is an opportune time for your dog to play attack you. You are moving funny and fast, which the dog thinks are play. If it is bothering you, ask your dog to go lay down or give them something else to do like a toy.
How to get your dog to stop "attacking" you when you don't want to play?
You may notice that when you engage in certain activities, especially those that bring you down to your dog's height level, your dog attempts to engage you in play. If it is bothering you, try to redirect the dogs play behavior into an appropriate alternative. You can ask them to go lay down somewhere with a toy. Or perhaps feed them using an interactive toy. This way your dog has something else to do, or a job, while you are doing your thing.
You could try to include your dog in your exercise. Take them on the run or hike or walk with you. Use him as your "weights" – if he is not too heavy! Teach him how to do push-ups! Take them running with you so that both of you get some exercise.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
At Erissos Fish Farm we offer our customers Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) of the highest quality since 1993.
With twenty five years of experience in growing Sea Bass we are able to offer products that are unmatched in quality and tastefulness. The methodologies that we adopt in growing our Sea Bass, similar to those adopted for all our products, are certified for compliance to the ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 22000 quality standards. For Sea Bass our product line includes eight weight categories starting at 350 gr with the typical adult portion and reaching the weight of 4.000 gr which is ideal for serving the fish sliced or sharing it with a group of friends. The table that follows shows the core categories of our Sea Bass product line and the repsective ordering code for each category.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
There are many different workstation accessories on the market today. It is important to understand that an accessory that works for your colleague may or may not work for you. Please be aware that the term ergonomic is often used as a marketing tool and that under no circumstances does the Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) certify or approve products. The Office of Environmental Health and Radiation Safety does not endorse particular products, however there are several products that are in use throughout campus with success. If you have any questions please contact us.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
I was recently saddled with a bunch of cryptic Varnish errors. For some reason, the varnish daemon just kept dying on me. I have previously used varnish in many places and I have never had to face such problems before. Varnish would actually start up and die about 5 seconds later, as shown in the log message below, which was very weird.
The first thing I did was to start varnish on the command line using a -d -d parameter, which started varnish in debug mode. Everything worked normally in debug mode and nothing was amiss. So, it really vexed me for a while, not able to figure out why my cache was dying mysteriously.
Then, after lots of digging, turns out that on slower machines, varnish can kill the processes due to heavy load or timeout.
So, I had to add a startup parameter to the configuration file: cli_timeout.
That fixed it! It seems that the default timeout was 3 seconds and it took about 7 seconds to start up Varnish and it would saturate the 100% of my processor. So, increasing the timeout to 10 seconds did the trick. I think that I would probably need to increase the number of VCPUs tied to this VM as well to cope with the increased load.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
British journal of pharmacology 1994-4-1
Functional effects and ligand binding of chimeric galanin-neuropeptide Y (NPY) peptides on NPY and galanin receptor types.
[U Kahl, U Langel, T Bartfai, L Grundemar]
PMID 7518295
1. The effects and binding characteristics of a series of chimeric galanin-neuropeptide Y (NPY) peptides were examined in various preparations known to contain a predominant population of either Y1 or Y2 receptors for NPY or galanin receptors. 2. NPY suppressed the electrically stimulated twitches of the rat vas deferens (Y2 receptors), while galanin enhanced the electrically stimulated twitches. The galanin-NPY peptides M 32 (galanin(1-13)-NPY(25-36)), M69A (galanin(1-13)-Lys-[epsilon NH-Gly-NPY(4-1)]NPY(25-36)) and M88 (galanin(1-12)-Ala-NPY(25-36)) evoked a concentration-dependent suppression of the electrically stimulated twitches. These chimeric peptides were about equipotent with NPY, while NPY (13-36) was about five times less potent than NPY itself. Also a stochiometric combination of the N- and C-terminal fragments NPY (1-24)NH2 and NPY (25-36) (each at 1 microM) was inactive in vas deferens. M120 (galanin (1-13)-NPY(14-36) (1 microM) did not affect the NPY-mediated suppression of the stimulated twitches. 3. NPY evoked a concentration-dependent contraction in the guinea-pig isolated caval vein (Y1 receptors), while galanin (< or = 1 microM) was inactive. M32, M69A and M88 induced a slight contraction at very high concentrations only (> or = 0.3 M), while M120 was inactive at 1 microM. None of the four chimeric peptides affected the contraction evoked by NPY. 4. Since the number of NPY receptors in the rat vas deferens and guinea-pig caval vein were too low,the affinities of the galanin-NPY peptides for [3H]-NPY binding sites were examined in membranes from rat brain areas known to contain predominant populations of Y1 receptors (cerebral cortex) and Y2 receptors (hippocampus), respectively. The chimeric peptides M32, M69A, M88, M120 and NPY (13-36)all had higher affinities for hippocampal binding sites than for cerebral cortical binding sites. These peptides were 90-440 times less potent than NPY at cerebral cortical binding sites and 15-125 times less potent than NPY at hippocampal binding sites. The most selective chimeric peptide was M32, which had a 20 fold higher affinity for hippocampal than for cerebral cortical binding sites.5. At hypothalamic [125I]-galanin binding sites M32, M88 and M69A were equipotent with galanin,while M120 was about 10 times less potent than galanin. M32, M88 and M69A, like galanin contracted the rat isolated jejunum.6. The N-terminal portion (1-12) of galanin seems to permit a steric conformation of the attached NPY (25-36) part of the chimeric galanin-NPY peptides, which results in a facilitated Y2 but not Y1.receptor recognition and activation. None of the galanin-NPY peptides appeared to act as antagonists at either type of NPY receptor, probably due to their low affinity. Instead, they displayed a very high affinity for hypothalamic galanin receptors and probably act as galanin agonists in the rat jejunum.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
Asking Client for discount on Ticket to amusement park I don't want to get lung cancer like you do Why don't you connect unused hot and neutral wires to "complete the current community chat Stack Overflow Meta Stack Overflow your communities Sign up or log in to customize your list. Following this procedure would isolate the issue. 1 person likes this Share this post Link to post Share on other sites Create an account or sign in to comment You need Identifying a Star Trek TNG episode by text passage occuring in Carbon Based Lifeforms song "Neurotransmitter" Does Zootopia have an intentional Breaking Bad reference?
Problems with "+" in grep What is the bandwidth cost of running a full node? If all goes well try connecting. 7. Maybe its just client causing you trouble. –Himanshu Bhardwaj May 18 '13 at 11:23 add a comment| Your Answer draft saved draft discarded Sign up or log in Sign up You told Laptop but did not mention what os you're using so I cant send you the exact directions on hoe to start and check your MySql server.
Is the NHS wrong about passwords? When connecting to a remote network you may need to ask the Sys Admin there for the correct URL to use for addressing the MySQL server. Browse other questions tagged mysql mysql5.5 or ask your own question. And I need to host the same in amazon web service.
No need to specify a user, this is no ssh connection. Join our community for more solutions or to ask questions. Or sign in with one of these services Sign in with Facebook Sign in with Twitter Sign Up Search About Docs Download Blog Store Sites Modules Forums All Content All Content Why IsAssignableFrom return false when comparing a nullable against an interface?
How to mix correctly? Featured Post Enabling OSINT in Activity Based Intelligence Promoted by Recorded Future Activity based intelligence (ABI) requires access to all available sources of data. Similar issues can arise when specifying option values in option files. Are you sure this is the correct hostname?
mysql> SELECT USER(); +---------------+ | USER() | +---------------+ | [email protected] | +---------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) This is not the same behavior as with the command line, where the Here we go... asked 2 years ago viewed 8608 times active 2 years ago Related 9can't connect to mysql on AWS RDS (error 2003)1ERROR 2005 (HY000): Unknown MySQL server host "[email protected]" (1)0AWS EC2 cannot Try to start the mysql and see if it starts correctly. 5.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Archive | Jury instructions
State v. Santiago
in 5-0, Affirmed, Allen instruction, Jury instructions, McKinnon, J., Sexual intercourse without consent
State v. Santiago, 2018 MT 13 (Jan. 30, 2018) (McKinnon, J.) (5-0, aff'd)
Issue: Whether the district court abused its discretion by giving the deadlocked jury an Allen instruction.
Facts: Santiago was charged with sexual intercourse without consent, plead not guilty, and went to trial. On the last day of trial, after a few hours of deliberations, the jury sent the judge a note saying it was deadlocked 11-1. The state suggested the court give the jury an Allen instruction, otherwise known as a dynamite instruction, which the Montana Supreme Court approved in Norquay. Santiago objected on the grounds that the vote was 11-1, arguing that the Allen instruction would put an extreme undue burden on the one juror.…
Deschner v. State, Dept. of Highways
in 7-0, Affirmed, Causation, Inverse condemnation, Jury instructions, Shea, J.
Deschner v. State, Dept. of Highways, 2017 MT 37 (Feb. 28, 2017) (Shea, J.) (7-0, aff'd)
Issue: Whether the district court properly instructed the jury on inverse condemnation.
Facts: On October 9, 2010, a sandstone slab fell from the Rims that weighed roughly two million pounds and measured approximately sixty feet long, thirty feet wide, and eight feet deep. It fell on Deschner and Lodge's home and rendered it uninhabitable.
At trial, Deschner and Lodge contended that the State's construction and placement of Highway 3 and Culvert 239 caused an unnatural increase in the amount of water that ran off the highway onto the rockfall site, ultimately causing the slab to fall onto their home. Deschner and Lodge called two experts who concluded that Culvert 239 increased the amount of water at the fall site, causing the slab to fall.…
State v. Charlo-Whitworth
in 5-0, Accomplice liability, Affirmed, Assault, Jury instructions, McGrath, C.J.
State v. Charlo-Whitworth, 2016 MT 157 (June 28, 2016) (McGrath, C.J.) (5-0, aff'd)
Issue: Whether the district court erred in not giving the defendant's proposed jury instruction on accomplice liability.
Facts: Riley Charlo-Whitworth and Alexis Paul lived together with Paul's 2-year-old child, MP. One evening in January 2013, Whitworth drove Paul to work around 7 pm, then returned home with MP. He put MP to bed around 8:30 pm, but the child awoke crying around 10 pm. Whitworth grew frustrated and shoved the child into a wall, spanked him and hit him. Because MP was bleeding, Whitworth gave him a bath.…
Petaja v. Montana Public Employees' Association (MPEA)
in 5-0, Affirmed, Attorneys' fees, Breach of duty of fair representation, Failure to raise issue below, Jury instructions, Jury verdict, McGrath, C.J. (concurring), Rice, J.
Petaja v. Montana Public Employees' Association (MPEA), 2016 MT 143 (June 8, 2016) (Rice, J.; McGrath, C.J., concurring) (5-0, aff'd)
Issue: (1) Whether substantial evidence supported the jury verdict finding MPEA breached its duty of fair representation; (2) whether the jury verdict was contrary to the instructions and the law; (3) whether Petaja's claim was barred by res judicata; and (4) whether the district court had authority to award attorney fees.
Short Answer: (1) Yes; (2) no; (3) this claim was waived for purposes of appellate review; and (4) no.
Facts: Petaja was terminated from her position with Lewis and Clark County as the clinic coordinator of the WIC program. The county claimed Petaja was terminated due to reorganization; she claims she was terminated because of her age, 59.…
State v. Stewart
in 5-0, Affirmed, Attempted deliberate homicide, Baker, J., Jury instructions, Lesser included offense
State v. Stewart, 2016 MT 1 (Jan. 5, 2016) (Baker, J.) (5-0, aff'd)
Issue: Whether the district court erred when it denied Stewart's request to instruct the jury on misdemeanor assault as a lesser-included offense of attempted deliberate homicide.
Facts: After a traffic stop for speeding, Stewart took off and was pursued by officers from the Highway Patrol, the Cascade County Sheriff's Department, and the Judith Basin County Sheriff's Department. He threw several pipe bombs out the window toward the pursuers. Eventually, his tires shredded from a spike strip, he got out of the car with a handgun and ran until he was apprehended. No one fired any shots. Stewart told the officers he did not mean to hurt anyone.…
State v. Root
in 4-3, Affirmed, Attempted deliberate homicide, Brady violation, Cotter, J. (dissenting), Ineffective assistance of counsel, Jury instructions, McGrath, C.J.
State v. Root, 2015 MT 310 (Oct. 27, 2015) (McGrath, C.J.; Cotter, J., dissenting) (4-3, aff'd)
Issue: (1) Whether Root's attorney was ineffective for not requesting an accomplice instruction; and (2) whether the district court erred in denying Root's motion to dismiss based on the prosecution's failure to disclose a video statement of a witness.
Short Answer: (1) No; and (2) no, with Justices Cotter, McKinnon, and Shea dissenting on (2).
Facts: Lawrence Lee was stabbed in the arm and neck while in his pickup truck with Root and juvenile S.R. Lee and S.R. testified that Root stabbed Lee, after which S.R. jumped out of the truck and Lee pushed Root out of the truck. S.R. testified that after Lee left, S.R.…
State v. Williams
in 5-0, Affirmed, Ineffective assistance of counsel, Jury instructions, Plain error review, Rice, J., Theft
State v. Williams, 2015 MT 247 (Aug. 18, 2015) (Rice, J.) (5-0, aff'd)
Issue: (1) Whether the district court committed plain error by failing to instruct the jury that state had to prove Williams acted with purpose to deprive; and (2) whether Williams' counsel rendered ineffective assistance by failing to object to the erroneous jury instruction.
Short Answer: (1) The Court declines to review this issue for plain error; and (2) No.
Facts: TW's parents died, leaving him an orphan at 13. His paternal uncle, Carl, had custody under TW's father's will, but as unable to care for TW. Carl deferred to his sister, Debra, who was TW's guardian for almost a year until she was seriously injured in a car accident.…
Anderson v. BNSF Railway
in 6-1, Cumulative trauma injury, Discovery rule (statute of limitations), FELA, Improper comments (counsel), Jury instructions, Jury verdict, McKinnon, J. (dissenting), Negligent work assignment, Shea, J., Summary judgment, Wheat, J. (concurring)
Anderson v. BNSF Railway, 2015 MT 240 (Aug. 12, 2015) (Shea, J.; Wheat, J., concurring; McKinnon, J., dissenting) (6-1, rev'd)
Issue: (1) Whether the district court erred in allowing the statute of limitations to be decided as a fact question; (1.a) whether the continuing tort doctrine applies to cumulative trauma injuries under FELA; (1.b) whether an employee can recover under FELA for aggravation of a time-barred injury; (1.c) whether non-disabling aches and pains constitute an injury under FELA; and (2) whether counsel for BNSF made improper comments that deprived Anderson of a fair trial.
Short Answer: (1) No; (1.a) no; (1.b) yes; (1.c) no; and (2) yes.
Reversed and remanded for new trial
Facts: Robert Anderson worked for BNSF for more 30 years, primarily as a carman inspecting and repairing railroad cars in Havre.…
Spotted Horse v. BNSF R.R. Co.
in 6-1, Cotter, J., FELA, Jury instructions, McKinnon, J. (dissenting), Reversed, Sanctions, Spoliation of evidence, Wheat, J. (concurring)
Spotted Horse v. BNSF R.R. Co., 2015 MT 148 (May 29, 2015) (Cotter, J.; Wheat, J., concurring; McKinnon, J., dissenting) (6-1, rev'd)
Issue: (1) Whether the district court abused its discretion in declining to grant plaintiff's motion for default judgment based on spoliation of evidence; and (2) whether the district court abused its discretion when instructing the jury as to BNSF's duty of care.
Short Answer: (1) No, but the sanction it imposed was an abuse of discretion; and (2) yes.
Facts: Mark Spotted Horse, a BNSF Railway machinist, claimed that he suffered a disabling injury when his co-worker inadvertently lowered a locomotive engine compartment hatch in his head. Spotted Horse reported the incident and was immediately taken to the hospital.…
State v. Carnes
in 5-2, Jury instructions, McKinnon, J. (dissenting), Mental state, Plain error review, Reversed, Rice, J.
State v. Carnes, 2015 MT 101 (April 14, 2015) (Rice, J.; McKinnon, J., dissenting) (5-2, rev'd)
Issue: Whether the district court erred by failing to instruct the jury that the state was required to prove mental state for every element of the offense.
Facts: After Carnes and his girlfriend had an argument, Carnes packed and left the house. While he was outside, two deputies arrived in response to a domestic disturbance call from the residence. They did not use emergency lights, and pursuant to standard procedure, parked on the street and approached with flashlights. They were dressed in uniform. Without identifying themselves, they asked Carnes to step back from a truck that was running.…
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
How to find Deustche bank BIC Code?
You can easily find Deustche Bank BIC Code. Deustche Bank has branches in various states of India. You can see above list of states of India where this bank is present. Select anyone of them and you can see the list of districts of that particular state where the branch of this bank is present. Then it will show you list of all cities of that district where the branch is present. Select the branch of the Deustche Bank to find its IFSC Code, Contact No, Deustche Bank MICR Code, Deustche Bank SWIFT Code, Deustche Bank BIC Code. Deustche Bank has branches in more than 9 states in India. You can find BIC codes of all the branches of Deustche Bank here. Deustche Bank has in total 29 branches in India.
You can select any of the above state and find the BIC Code of your branch. Deustche Bank BIC Code is used for various purpose like National Electronics Fund Transfer (NEFT) Transaction, Immediate Payment Service (IMPS) Transaction, Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) Transaction. Deustche Bank BIC Code contains 8 or 11 characters.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Jonan Everett
RuPaul's Budget Race: How to Be a Drag Queen When You're Broke
Kelly Meehan Brown
6 second take: Being beautiful is such a drag, right? Let Farrah Moan of RuPaul's Drag Race and three other fabulous queens teach you how to channel your inner queen for less.
So you want to become a drag queen, but you are one broke-ass son. How are you ever going to become the next Bianca Del Rio when you're struggling to pay the rent? Worry not, my good Judy. I have the answers for you from the Holy Book of Drag (or rather, some international drag stars who gave me the low down — same thing).
And really, how much money can you make from this art form? Sadly, tipping culture doesn't exist in Ireland, and prices for a single gig vary wildly. But in the States, you have more of a chance of making serious cash — tipping there is alive and well, after all. However, you must be dedicated.
Reddit user and drag queen Cosmo gave me some insight into how life can be in the United States for someone just starting out. "It really depends on your crowd that night and where you're performing," she says.
"More tips definitely come with more experience and more performance know-how. The more gagged [engaged] your audience is, the better the odds that you'll make more money. Granted, you can be sickening [amazing] all you want and make zilch with the wrong audience. But if you stick to it, you'll definitely see it pay off."
Try this online accountant for free for 30 days see how much it saves you >>
What about them numbers, though? "When I started out, I generally made only $10 to $20, which has upped gradually, albeit slowly over time," Cosmo says.
"I have had the off-night of getting much less or much more. The lowest was $8, and the highest was $103."
In Australia, if you're just starting out, you can probably expect to earn $10 to $25 per number for your first paid gig (as in not paid with free drinks). In Japan, you are sometimes expected to work for free or even to pay to play when you are just starting out.
So who do we have lined up for you today?
Farrah Moan
If, like me, you're a RuPaul's Drag Race fan, then you'll know exactly who Farrah Moan is from Season 9 of the show. Need I say more?
One of the most popular queens in my hometown of Dublin, wittily named Victoria Secret, also lent her expertise. Unlike Saint Patrick, she's been bringing the snakes back to Ireland in the form of performances from other Drag Race contestants.
Madame Fabulous
Madame Fabulous from Saint Augustine, Florida gives us the scoop on the trials and tribulations of doing drag in the South. She also shares tips on looking expensive while wearing a garbage bag. And if that's all your bank balance will let you buy these days, your attention will be rapt.
Havana Fair
Puns! Who doesn't love a punny name? Havana Fair from Newcastle, Australia provided me with endless entertainment. Queen turned multi-award-winning filmmaker, Havana gave me some of the most thoughtful drag advice that anyone could ever hope to hear.
But enough pleasantries and ass-kissing. Let's get down to business.
How to Do Drag on a Budget
Kelly Meehan Brown: What is your experience with doing drag when you haven't got much money?
Madame Fabulous: Like many people, I live paycheck to paycheck, so I don't have money to spare for a gown or an expensive wig. Everything is on the cheap, with the hope of looking expensive. I would like to think I'm pretty crafty and good at bargain shopping. In the end, you can walk out there in a garbage bag and some makeup and really sell it with attitude. It's been done!
Havana Fair: I did drag at a time when your payment could range from just a free drink at the bar all the way up to getting $50 for a number in Taylor Square [in Sydney].
Considering all the money that goes into a costume, you're always losing money. That's why you have to perform the same song so many times: because you want at least to break even on your investment.
But if you're doing drag for the money, get out. It's too difficult to treat it just as a job. You have to have a passion for the art form for it to work.
Victoria Secret: Well, unlike what Michelle Visage told Chi Chi DeVayne in season eight of Rupaul's Drag Race, drag is not cheap. You can do some types of drag much cheaper, but I'm guessing that if you did, Michelle would be the first judge to read you to filth [mock you]!
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My start was probably as cheap as I could manage, and even at that it was expensive. With size 13 feet and shoulders more suited to rugby than ladies' wear, I have never really been able to buy off the rack. But I started as cheap as I could, finding any stretch clothes that would work for my 6-foot-2 body, grabbing the ugliest shoes I could find as long as they fit, and investing in a limited amount of makeup while begging, borrowing, and stealing the rest. Wigs were way more expensive at the time, and I still remember my first wig costing 300 euros [about $362]!
Farrah Moan: I started out with no money. You have to get creative. Go thrifting and vintage shopping; learn to rhinestone and customize what you find to make it work. Watch hair tutorials online and try and get your wigs just right.
KMB: Jokes get told all the time about using the stuffing from old couches to get that womanly shape. Is there an element of truth to that? What other tips and tricks do you have?
MF: I may not have savaged innocent upholstered furniture, but I do have rolls of upholstery foam that I pick up at the fabric store with my 40-percent-off coupon. For just $20, a roll lasts a while, and you can make a variety of pads for yourself. The real trick is to sculpt the edges so they're tapered and you don't look lumpy. And duct tape. Duct tape is a girl's best friend, Henny!
HF: For starters, in Australia, there's no need to pad because in my day it was all about the performance, not about looking like a woman. But my biggest tip to someone starting out is to think of yourself as a business.
As my creative partner Paul Leeming often says, "If you want it to be good and cheap, it's not going to be quick." So give yourself time.
VS: Haha — this is the total truth! I don't know anyone who has used an old couch, but we do use a type of couch-cushion filling that we cut up and shape with a carving knife for hip pads. It's an art form in itself to get a pad the right shape and not looking lumpy.
FM: Absolutely. That's still a trick many queens use to this day. If you're looking to save money with drag, taking care of your shoes, wigs, and wardrobe is a must.
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Challenges of Being a Drag Queen
KMB: Have you ever faced any difficulty in doing drag because of money?
MF: Definitely. While Drag Race has really put drag on the map, there is this general misconception that drag has to be high drag or fishy [overtly feminine] drag. That's not me. I'm more of your middle-aged bimbo, secretary, cougar-type of girl.
Plus, if you don't do the splits and death drop — I would probably break a hip at this point — you aren't seen as interesting. That's okay. That's why I pursue other avenues of developing my craft, including theater productions and developing a drag home-and-garden show to pitch to cable networks. I'm going to be the next drag Martha Stewart!
Bottom line is that unless you are doing pretty, polished drag, you're less likely to get bookings, because that is what the mainstream audience wants, especially if you can do the stunts.
I mean, I could, but my insurance sucks and I would have to use a crowdfunding site, as Jackie Beat did, so I could get a hip replacement. So there's that.
HF: All the time. As a filmmaker now and as a drag queen then, money is the biggest difficulty. But difficulty is the mother of innovation. That thing between your ears is the best thing you have. You may not have money, but with a little work, you can be creative.
VS: I started drag for the love of it and as a hobby. A polished look wasn't sought after or, to be honest, overly celebrated. So my lack of money to invest in it didn't really matter.
I lived in the same hair and clothes for the first few years, and to this day those drag experiences were some of the most fun of my life. Now as I work a fair bit, I try to pick up bits and pieces constantly so that I don't have to overspend in one particular month.
FM: Absolutely. Drag is the most expensive profession ever. And it doesn't become cheaper when you make it on the show! In fact, it only gets more expensive. I used to host a show in Austin that aired once a month, and they gave me $75. I usually had to try and figure out how to get the next event's looks with half of that. Thrifting and rhinestoning saved me there.
KMB: If you had any advice for someone just starting out doing drag without much money, what would it be?
MF: Just do it! It doesn't matter if you look a busted mess — express who you are unapologetically and have fun with it. Drag is what you define it as. It doesn't have to be any one thing, just make it your thing.
Don't worry about the money, and do what you love — that is all that matters. The rest will follow!
HF: Just have fun. All drag has value. No matter how you look, you have value. Drag queens and trans people are the heroes of our community. You are a part of a legacy that includes kabuki, shamanism, the two-spirit, Divine, and RuPaul. Go out there and carry that torch.
VS: Be creative and remember that an audience will respond far more to a queen who has thought out her number with the aim of entertaining than to someone who walks onstage aiming to look head-to-toe polished, but who has not really invested anything into making a performance entertaining.
FM: I think anyone starting out as a drag queen should really look deep inside herself and figure out why she wants to do this profession. Do you think it looks like an easy way to get rich and famous? Or do you actually have a passion for entertaining and fashion or makeup?
I've seen people get into drag for the wrong reasons, and they never last. You have to be completely dedicated to your craft and understand you will be turned down so many times before you actually get a paid job.
Need a Job That Accommodates Your Lifestyle? Get More Interviews
Final Thoughts From Our Queens
MF: Where I am, drag is pretty limited unless you head further south toward Orlando or Miami or west toward Tampa. It's a scary place, so you can't be hanging out at Walmart shopping for bras without most likely getting shot — unless you have more teeth than their old lady, and then you have a fighting chance.
There is so much out there online. It may be hit or miss, but there is a lot to explore and play with. Just experiment. Don't try to be perfect, don't compare yourself with any other queen (others will do that for you), and just have fun! Smooches!
HF: Don't limit yourself in terms of what you can accomplish. So many young queens are focused on working in bars when with a little time and work, you can put yourself out there on the corporate party circuit. You'll work in the daytime and raise money for charity, and the pay is so much better.
Mainstream culture knows RuPaul, but they don't see a difference between Lady Bunny, Trixie Mattel, or a man in a wig. They are all just referred to as drag queens. Use that to your advantage, and contact your local event planners and pitch yourself to them for their next event.
Also, don't think that just because you are a drag queen you have to work as a hairdresser or in makeup.
I successfully transitioned from doing drag to getting behind the camera to become a multi-award-winning filmmaker [writer and producer of the short film An American Piano, available on Amazon Prime] and the director of my debut feature film, Kodokushi. As Bebe Zahara Benet says, "Drag will take you everywhere"!
VS: Drag is fun! Make sure you enjoy yourself. Do everything, try different vibes, and don't take yourself too seriously.
FM: Drag is not easy. It's extremely hard. And it only gets harder the bigger you get. When you're starting out, you will spend every cent you have on drag, until you're broke. If the passion, drive, and dedication is there, you will persevere.
How to Be a Drag Queen: Lessons Learned
So what have we learned? You don't have to be rich to do drag, kids. But you do have to be serious and dedicated, investing both time and money. With these tips, you're sure to do it in the most financially viable way possible. All our queens have also taught us to just have fun, no matter who or where you are.
Here I am with my best friend, makeup artist Jessie O'Neill, imitating skinny legend Trixie Mattel. I can't take the credit for the makeup — that's on O'Neill.
From left to right: Makeup artist Jessie O'Neill, drag queen Trixie Mattel, and author Kelly Meehan Brown
Coincidentally, I also randomly ran into Farrah Moan at LAX last year. Now she's one of the stars of what is surely the favorite article I've ever worked on!
Brown (left) with Farrah Moan of RuPaul's Drag Race fame
Where to Find the Best Sites and Stores
Apart from actual clothes, thrift stores are great for fabrics, curtains (to use for fabric), and costume jewelry.
Amazon is great for wigs, shoes, and undergarments. The prices are good; and when you ship with Amazon Smile, a portion of the proceeds of any purchase can go to one of your fave — maybe even LGBT-plus — charities.
In Sydney, the place to go to for cheap wigs is Paddy's Market. At wig shops and warehouses, ask if they have a factory-seconds bin. Great for bargains! And when starting out, eBay can always be your friend. While most queens will keep their suppliers to themselves, most shoe and wig websites sell a very similar stock.
Quick Tips and Tricks
Here are a few last drag queen words to the wise:
Befriend staff at secondhand and thrift stores to stay ahead of the game.
You can use weave bond glue — normally used to affix weaves or hair extensions to the scalp — to stick on lashes. It's less than half the price of typical glues for four times the amount. But be careful, some people are allergic to it.
Don't have your ears pierced? Drag legend Roxxxy Andrews glues a magnet to the back of her earring and places a magnet behind her earlobe to hold it in place. Genius!
Save your fake lashes and nails to reuse again and again. It will save you a ton of money.
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How to Side Hustle 101: Managing Your Extra Money
By: Leslie Tayne, Esq.
RuPaul's DragCon NYC: What a Drag!
Minimalist Fashion: How Many Shades of Lipstick Do I Really Need?
By: Megan Rosado
Surprising Side Hustles: Make Money as a Clown or Princess!
By: Kayla Sloan
Slow Fashion vs. Fast Fashion: Be Trendy, Not Broke
By: Kara Stevens
Side Hustle: Yes, I Earned Some Good Change. You Can Too!
By: Tonya Stumphauzer
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"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
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Julianne Davis felt achy and too tired to move—and as weeks turned into months, the feeling didn't go away. Her doctors said she was fine and would get over it in time. She didn't. Here's the story of how Julianne got the answers she needed to live her best life, despite a brutal diagnosis.
Julianne's online research led her to information about a blood test, which can provide a diagnosis to anyone who thinks they might have fibromyalgia. "I called EpicGenetics and made arrangements to take the FM/a test. It took about two weeks for the results. When I called them to find out what's what, they were just about to call me. My readings were so high that they provided strong confirmation of the diagnosis, and I just about fell out of my chair with relief that it wasn't all in my head. 'Gosh, you must be in a lot of pain, given your results,' said the woman on the phone. 'How long have you known you had fibromyalgia?' About two minutes! I told her." Armed with answers, Julianne started down a new, unfamiliar path.
According to the Mayo Clinic, fibromyalgia is a disorder earmarked by widespread, musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and problems with mood, insomnia, and memory. The onset of symptoms often follows physical or emotional trauma, but may also occur gradually over time, without a specific, obvious trigger. Fibromyalgia is more common in women than it is in men. Its exact cause is unknown, but genetics, anecdotally, appear to be a factor. Research indicates that the chronic disorder is impacted upon by the way the brain processes pain signals, making them more pronounced and severe. This is known as abnormal pain perception processing, and translates into intense, almost-daily pain, for those who have it.
Julianne is not alone in her diagnosis, or in her quest for answers. Around four million Americans, a full 2 percent of the population, have fibromyalgia. "Historically, people with fibromyalgia spent years and thousands of dollars to arrive at a fibromyalgia diagnosis: a diagnosis that was not definitive, and was only arrived at by excluding other possible conditions," said Bruce Gillis, MD, CEO of EpicGenetics, a privately-held biomedical company. When Julianne made that first, fateful phone call, she got the relief she was hoping for by simply getting confirmation that her symptoms were not all in her head.
Fibromyalgia's all-too-real symptoms can be debilitating. Too often, so is the medical community's response to patients suffering with its symptoms. EpicGenetics is trying to change that, working with several medical centers to expand access to a diagnostic fibromyalgia test, identify the genetic markers specific to fibromyalgia, and evaluate whether vaccine treatment can effectively treat fibromyalgia.
The FM/a test is an FDA-compliant blood test, which detects fibromyalgia through the identification of white blood cell abnormalities known to exist in people with the disorder. Since it became available in 2012 as the first definitive blood test for fibromyalgia, it "has successfully and objectively diagnosed thousands of people," Gillis said, adding that the fibromyalgia test gives patients "certainty about a medical condition that has often been misunderstood, and erroneously denied, as a legitimate medical disorder." However, there's a chance you could be mistaking these conditions for fibromyalgia.
Patients who test positive are given the opportunity to participate in a trial study geared towards studying vaccine treatment for the disorder. Work on the fibromyalgia vaccine is currently being pursued at the Immunobiology Laboratory at the Massachusetts General Hospital, by a team led by Denise Faustman, MD, PhD. The work is funded in part by a research gift from Dr. Gillis.
Dr. Faustman's work is centered upon the 100-year old BCG vaccine, currently used to prevent tuberculosis outside of the US. Global data indicates that this particular vaccine may have life-altering applications for individuals diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Unlike the popular concept of vaccines, the BCG vaccine would not be used as a preventive measure. Instead, the inexpensive shot would be used as a means of correcting abnormalities in the immune system of individuals already diagnosed with the disorder.
"I believe we are at the forefront of advancing scientific information about fibromyalgia and answering these critical questions for patients: 1) Do I have fibromyalgia? 2) How and why did I develop fibromyalgia? and 3) Is there a direct treatment for fibromyalgia?" Gillis explained.
Julianne calls herself a work in progress. She combats fibromyalgia by walking 30 minutes every day and making sure she gets enough sleep. She avoids gluten because of its link to inflammation and also takes supplements, such as magnesium, ginger root, and gabba root. She also takes a multivitamin daily. "I'm getting closer, but there's probably never going to be that magic tablet that takes away all of my symptoms," she says. If you suffer from fibromyalgia, check out these 10 natural ways to treat the disease.
Pending official approval, clinical testing of the BCG vaccine will begin in fibromyalgia patients within the next two years. Hopefully, that can pave a pathway to fulfilling Julianne's dreams for a family—and for a pain-free life.
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For many people, December is a time for giving and receiving gifts. To help residents living in our Palmer View apartment community located in Palmer Township, PA, we thought we'd recommend three gift ideas we think are perfect for the holidays!
This gift will be a hit with any cat lover who seems to always have their hands full. For under $8 you can get this cute phone stand. The recipient will appreciate it when work gets busy but they need to pay attention to their phone's notifications.
Not everyone is a professional chef, but everyone's got to eat! This will bring some excitement and fun to anyone's kitchen. You can even fill the mitt with candy before you give it away to make it extra interesting, whoever you're giving it to. The oven mitt is currently just under $10, so snag it while you can.
Share this practical gift with someone you love (or perhaps someone who wastes toothpaste far too often).
Have a gift idea you'd like to add to our list? Share it in the comments below. Thanks for reading and happy holidays!
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"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
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\section{Introduction}
In recent years, it has been recognized that the existence of interactions which couple spin to orbital
motion gives rise to the possibility of manipulating the spin via external gates, leading to the
suggestion of spintronic devices which require only electric fields for their operation \cite{DattaDas}.
The importance of the \emph{spin-orbit interactions} lies both in their role in spin dephasing via the
Dyakonov-Perel \cite{SR:DyakonovPerel1,SR:DyakonovPerel2} and Elliot-Yafet \cite{SR:Elliott,SR:Yafet}
mechanisms, as well as in the potential creation of spin-polarized
current \cite{SF:Eto,SF:Gelabert,SF:GovernaleZulicke2003,SF:GovernaleZulicke2004,SF:Kita2004,SF:LiuZhou,SF:Xiao}.
In the present work we investigate the possibility of the dynamical manipulation of spin via a
combination of electric and magnetic fields in a one-dimensional system. We consider the interactions
which couple to the first power of spin and therefore have the structure of a magnetic dipole. In the
literature, the dominant interaction of this form is usually considered to be due to the inversion
asymmetry of the two-dimensional (2D) interface, known as the \emph{Rashba effect}, while
the \emph{Dresselhaus effect} arising from inversion asymmetry in the bulk crystal has been considered
to be negligibly small. While for the narrow-gap semiconductors InAs and InSb, the Rashba interaction is
dominant, the coefficient of the Rashba interaction varies by two orders of magnitude between the
narrow-gap and medium-gap materials \cite{WinklerBook} and we expect that in GaAs the situation is reversed.
It has previously been possible to determine the relative size of the Rashba and Dresselhaus interactions
in 2D GaAs via Faraday rotation \cite{MeierSalis}, where they were determined to be approximately equal in
magnitude.
The Dresselhaus interaction was also found to be approximately constant over a range of samples, which
is puzzling since it is expected to scale quadratically with the width of the quantum well, as was
noted by the authors of \cite{MeierSalis}.
The dipolar structure of the Rashba and Dresselhaus interactions determines effective magnetic fields
which, in the presence of an external magnetic field, will align spin along the direction given by
their vector sum with the external field. As existing measurements of the spin-orbit interaction in
2D systems rely on diffusive transport when both the Rashba and Dresselhaus interactions are proportional
to the very small average momentum resulting in a small effective
magnetic field of order of 1mT.
In contrast, in a ballistic system, the spin-orbit interactions are proportional to the Fermi momentum
$k_F$, which is several orders of magnitude higher than the average momentum in the diffusive regime.
We therefore suggest a novel method to measure the spin-orbit interactions in a quantum wire which relies
on spin-orbit induced nonadiabaticity inside a ballistic channel.
For simplicity, we consider a quantum point contact formed from a 2D {\it electron} gas with only
the Dresselhaus interaction present, although we also found numerically that hole systems show similar
behaviour. For a wire oriented along the $x = (100)$ direction, we find upon projection of the bulk
Hamiltonian onto one-dimensional (1D) states,
\begin{gather}
\label{hd}
H_D = b^{6c6c}_{41} (p_x(p_y^2 - p_z^2)\sigma_x + p_y(p_z^2 - p_x^2) \sigma_y + \\ \nonumber
p_z(p_x^2 - p_y^2) \sigma_z)
\rightarrow b^{6c6c}_{41}p_x(p_y^2 - p_z^2)\sigma_x \ ,
\end{gather}
where $b^{6c6c}_{41} \approx 28 \text{eV}\AA^{3} \hbar^{-3}$ is the Dresselhaus constant \cite{WinklerBook},
and we have set $\langle p_y \rangle = \langle p_z \rangle = 0$, assuming that
the $y$- and $z$ confinements are along (010) and (001) respectively. Here $\sigma_i$ are the Pauli matrices
describing spin.
According to Eq. (\ref{hd}) the Dresselhaus magnetic field is parallel to the wire. The field is inhomogeneous
in the presence of an electrostatic barrier, Fig.\ref{fig:scatteringbarrier}a,
since the effective magnetic field is proportional to the momentum which vanishes semiclassically at the
turning points. When an external magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the contact, the combination
of the Zeeman interaction and the Dresselhaus interaction forms a total driving torque on spin which is
inhomogeneous in space and rapidly switches direction, see Fig.\ref{fig:scatteringbarrier}b.
We propose that the non-trivial spin dynamics resulting from the inhomogeneous driving field may be observed
in a double barrier interference experiment, and such an experiment will distinguish between adiabatic and
nonadiabatic spin motion and therefore serve as a direct measurement of the size of the Dresselhaus
interaction. The same logic is applicable to the Rashba interaction.
\begin{figure}[ht]
\includegraphics[width=0.23\textwidth,clip]{barrier.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.23\textwidth,clip]{fieldinhomog.eps}
\caption{\emph{(Color online).
{\bf (a)} The solid blue line shows the effective potential in a single QPC, modelled as a gaussian,
the length of the channel is 2$\mu$m. The dashed red line shows the Fermi energy.
{\bf (b)} The components of the effective magnetic field parallel (blue, solid) and perpendicular
(red, dashed) to the QPC.
The perpendicular component is the external magnetic field.
The parallel component is the Dresselhaus effective field, which decreases semiclassically at the top
of the potential shown in the panel {\bf (a)}.
}}
\label{fig:scatteringbarrier}
\end{figure}
The structure of the paper is as follows:
In Section II we formulate the concept of nonadiabatic spin precession and present the criteria for its existence,
based on typical experimental parameters.
In Section III we introduce the idea of an interferometer consisting of a double quantum point contact (DQPC),
and the discuss the adiabaticity of the ``orbital" dynamics which is required for
interference to be observed.
In Section IV we present results of numerical solution of the Schrodinger equation describing
electron transmission through the interferometer in the presence of external magnetic and spin-orbit fields, and demonstrate
how measurement of the Dresselhaus/Rashba interaction can be performed in the device.
In Section V we present the physical mechanism behind the phenomenon of ``negative" resonances which are observed in the numerical result
and show that they are a strong signature of nonadiabatic spin dynamics.
In Section VI we present our conclusions.
\section{nonadiabaticity due to spin}
We consider a one-dimensional channel formed by electrostatic confinement in a 2D electron gas (2DEG) in GaAs,
where the 2D quantum well is grown along the (100) direction. In the presence of an external magnetic field
and the Dresselhaus interaction the conductance is determined by the solution of the spin-dependent
transmission problem. The effective Hamiltonian for a single channel reads
\begin{gather}
H = \frac{p_x^2}{2m} + U(x) -\frac{1}{2} g^* \mu_B \vec{B}\cdot \vec{\sigma} +b^{6c6c}_{41} p_x ( p_y^2 - p_z^2) \sigma_x \ ,
\end{gather}
where $U(x)$ is the electrostatic barrier,
for GaAs, $m = 0.067 m_e$ is the effective mass and $g^* = -0.44$ the effective $g$-factor \cite{WinklerBook}. $p_y^2$ and $p_z^2$ refer to the average of the differential operators in the bound states
along $y$ and $z$ respectively. We shall assume the 2D limit, so that $p_y^2 \ll p_z^2$.
\begin{figure}[ht]
\includegraphics[width=0.23\textwidth,clip]{contact.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.23\textwidth,clip]{potential200.eps}
\caption{\emph{(Color online).
(a) A DQPC formed from a ballistic quantum wire. The double barrier potential is created by two narrow wires above the 1D channel. (b) The effective 1D potential, which consists of the potential due to gates $U_1$ and additional gaussian barriers of height $U_2 = 4\text{meV}$ separated by a distance $d$, which is fixed at 2$\mu$m. The contribution $U_1$ to the effective potential (red) due to side gates is approximately constant between the barriers.}}
\label{fig:dqpc}
\end{figure}
Let us consider the polarization of the asymptotic states. We will assume that only a few transverse channels
are open in the QPC, and in the highest channel, the Fermi energy is close to the top of the barrier.
In the asymptotic region, the confinement along $y$ becomes infinitely wide as the channel smoothly
connects to the 2D leads, Fig.\ref{fig:dqpc}a, so that for scattering states at the Fermi energy,
\begin{gather}
p_y^2, U(x) \rightarrow 0 \\ \nonumber
p_x \rightarrow p_F
\end{gather}
and hence
\begin{gather}
H(x \rightarrow \pm \infty) = \frac{ p_x^2}{2m} - \frac{1}{2} | g\mu_B| \vec{B}_{\text{eff.}}\cdot \vec{\sigma}\ ,
\end{gather}
where we have absorbed the total spin-dependent interactions into an effective magnetic field
\begin{gather}
\vec{B}_{\text{eff.}}(\pm \infty) = \vec{B} + \frac{ b^{6c6c}_{41} p_F p_z^2}{\frac{1}{2} | g\mu_B |} \hat{x} \ .
\end{gather}
For the purpose of numerical calculations which we present in Section IV, we assume that the value of $p_z$
corresponds to an infinite well with width 10nm and set the Fermi energy equal to 5meV. Based on the values
given in \cite{WinklerBook}, we may estimate the effective Dresselhaus field to be
\begin{gather}
B_D = \frac{ b^{6c6c}_{41} p_F p_z^2}{\frac{1}{2} | g^*\mu_B |} = 16\text{T}\ .
\end{gather}
When the external magnetic field is directed along $y$, the asymptotic form of the Hamiltonian will form a
spin basis with polarization the $x-y$ plane, and for fields in the typical experimental range,
$B < \text{15T}$, the orientation of spin for an electron incident on the barrier will always be
significantly tilted towards the $x$-direction. The angle $\theta$ between spin and the $y$-direction is
close to 60$^0$ for fields of the order of 10T, and can be tuned to nearly 90$^0$ by reducing the field to
1T. Near the centre of the QPC, where the electrostatic potential is maximum, the
longitudinal momentum vanishes semiclassically, and the total effective magnetic field is directed
perpendicular to the wire, so that $\theta$ switches to zero, Fig.\ref{fig:scatteringbarrier}b.
Spin dynamics is nonadiabatic when the effective magnetic field changes sufficiently rapidly and hence
the Landau-Zener parameter is not small~\cite{com1},
\begin{gather}
\label{eq:LZ}
\delta_s = \frac{1}{g^* \mu_B B_{\text{eff.}}^2} |\frac{ dB_{\text{eff.}} }{ dt} | \gtrsim 1
\end{gather}
Let us assume that the effective field $B_{\text{eff.}}$ switches by an angle of $60^0$ over a typical time
$\Delta t = \frac{\Delta x}{v_F}$ corresponding to the distance $\Delta x$ over which the electrostatic potential
is rapidly varying. Then expressing $\delta_s$ in terms of the Fermi energy $\epsilon_F \approx 5\text{meV}$, we find
\begin{gather}
\delta_s =\frac{1}{g \mu_B |B_{\text{eff.}}|} \frac{v_F}{\Delta x} \cos 60^0
= \frac{1}{2} \frac{\epsilon_F}{ g\mu_B |B_{\text{eff.}|}} \frac{1}{\Delta x k_F}\ .
\end{gather}
Taking $|B_{\text{eff.}}| \approx 10\text{T}$, we find that $ \frac{ \epsilon_F}{ g\mu_B |B_{\text{eff.}}|} \approx 20$, so in order to go to the nonadiabatic regime one needs the following,
\begin{gather}
\Delta x k_F \ll 10 \rightarrow \Delta x \lesssim 0.1\mu\text{m}\ .
\end{gather}
For a single barrier, the conductance is proportional to the transmission coefficient averaged over
incident spin polarizations and is therefore insensitive to spin dynamics~\cite{com2}.
In a geometry consisting of two barriers, however, non-trivial precession between the barriers may be
observed due to interference between spin in counterpropagating directions in the region between the
barriers. This effect exists only when the external field is perpendicular to the contact, since for
a parallel field, the total effective field and therefore spin will be constant in direction,
either parallel or antiparallel to the contact with no mixing between the spin modes.
Similarly, when the external field is perpendicular but sufficiently large to dominate the effective
field in the asymptotic region, the effective field will rotate by a sufficiently small angle that
the electron will adiabatically follow a single spin channel throughout the motion. This illustrates
why the structure of transmission in the double barrier is strongly sensitive to the
nonadiabaticity of the spin motion.
\section{Adiabatic transmission through a double barrier}
Let us first consider the spin-independent transmission problem for a system consisting of two
QPCs in series, with the potential as shown in Fig.\ref{fig:dqpc}b.
We shall assume that the inelastic mean free path exceeds the system size, so that motion is ballistic.
We model the conductance in the Landauer-B\"{u}ttiker picture \cite{ButtikerQPC,Landauer} by
one-dimensional scattering in the presence of two barriers separated by a distance $d$.
Recall that for a \emph{single barrier} located at the origin we have a scattering state
corresponding to an electron emerging on the right with unit amplitude,
\begin{gather}
\psi(x \gg 0) = e^{i k x} \\ \nonumber
\psi(x \ll 0) = t_{11} e^{i kx} + t_{21} e^{-ikx} \ .
\end{gather}
Near the top the barrier has parabolic shape
\begin{gather}
U(x \approx 0) = U(0) - \frac{ m \omega_x^2 x^2}{2}
\end{gather}
and hence $T$-matrix elements $t_{11}, t_{21}$ are given by the connection formulas of the
parabolic cylinder functions \cite{AbramowitzStegun},
\begin{gather}
\label{tmatrix}
T = \left(\begin{array}{cc}
t_{11} & t_{21}^*\\
t_{21} & t_{11}^*
\end{array}\right) = \\ \nonumber
\left(\begin{array}{cc}
i \sqrt{ 1 + e^{ -\frac{ 2\pi \epsilon}{\omega_x} } } & i e^{- \frac{\pi \epsilon}{\omega_x} -i \text{Arg} (\frac{1}{2} - \frac{i\epsilon}{\omega_x}) } \\
-i e^{-\frac{\pi \epsilon}{\omega} + i\text{Arg} (\frac{1}{2} -\frac{i\epsilon}{\omega_x} ) } & -i \sqrt{ 1 + e^{- \frac{ 2\pi \epsilon}{\omega_x}} }
\end{array}\right) \ ,
\end{gather}
where $\epsilon$ is the Fermi energy relative to the height of the barrier,
\begin{gather}
\epsilon = \varepsilon_F - U(0) \ .
\end{gather}
Note that for the spinless case the T-matrix has dimension 2$\times$2.
The transmission probability through the single barier is
\begin{gather}
P(\epsilon)=\frac{1}{|t_{11}|^2}
\end{gather}
The $T$-matrix for transmission through the double barrier potential is given by the product of two
$T$-matrices for a single barrier with the phase evolution operator,
\begin{gather}
T' = T \left(\begin{array}{cc} e^{i k d} & 0 \\ 0& e^{-i k d} \end{array}\right)T \ .\\ \nonumber
\end{gather}
Since the state emerging on the right has unit amplitude, the transmission probability is simply given by
\begin{gather}
P(\epsilon) = \frac{1}{|t'_{11}|^2} = \frac{1}{|t_{11}^2 + |t_{21}|^2 e^{2i kd }|^2} = \\ \nonumber
\frac{1}{|1 + e^{- \frac{ 2\pi \epsilon}{\omega_x}} (1 - e^{2i kd})^2 |^2}
\end{gather}
and exhibits resonant transmission peaks at $ kd = n \pi $
corresponding to standing waves between the barriers.
Initial measurements of the quantised conductance in a DQPC by D. Wharam,
\emph{et al} \cite{Wharam} did not reveal resonant structure, although it was later reported by
Y. Hirayama and T. Saku that resonances became visible when the separation between the two
QPCs was reduced to 0.2$\mu$m \cite{Hirayama}. Since the authors claim that the inelastic mean free
path exceeds the size of the device, the loss of interference does not originate from inelastic
decoherence, but is rather due to the fact that the region between the QPCs consists of a wide
cavity in which a large number of transverse modes are permitted. Here, the loss of phase memory
may be attributed to the exchange of phase among the large number of transverse modes and is
therefore a purely single particle effect.
In other words, phase memory is lost in the course of chaotic motion in the 2D region separating
the QPCs.
In order to observe the transmission interference peaks, it is necessary to suppress mixing between
transverse modes in the region between the barriers, which is equivalent to the statement that the
evolution of the standing wave along $y$ must be \emph{adiabatic}, and therefore the Landau-Zener
condition must be satisfied for the \emph{transverse adiabatic parameter.}
\begin{gather}
\delta_t = \frac{1}{\omega_y^2} \frac{ d \omega_y}{dt} = \frac{1}{\omega_y^2} \frac{p_x}{m} \frac{ d\omega_y}{dx} \ll 1 \ ,
\end{gather}
where we have assumed a parabolic confinement in the $y$-direction with level spacing $ \omega_y$.
For a typical QPC, the oscillator frequency $\omega_y$ is maximum at the centre of the wire ($x = 0$),
but decreases smoothly to zero in the two-dimensional leads. Modelling the transverse confinement
by a gaussian,
\begin{gather}
\omega_y(x) = \omega_0 e^{- \kappa^2 x^2} \ ,
\end{gather}
where $\kappa $ is the barrier width, which is of order $\kappa \sim 1 \mu m$, we find
\begin{gather} \label{divergentgamma}
\delta_t = -\frac{2 \kappa^2 x p_x}{m \omega_0} e^{\kappa^2 x^2}\ .
\end{gather}
Away from the contact, $x \rightarrow \pm \infty$, the adiabatic parameter diverges due to the collapsing
of the transverse level spacing.
We therefore see that a loss of interference is unavoidable in a system consisting of two QPCs which are separated
by a wide cavity. Hereafter we consider an interferometer which consists of
a 1D channel of fixed width in which a double barrier is formed by an additional potential $U_2(x)$ (\emph{i.e.}
an inhomogeneous shift of the 1D band bottom) rather than by the energy of transverse confinement.
In the region between the barriers, the 2D potential has the form
\begin{gather} \label{potentialhumps}
U_{2D}(x, y) = \frac{ m \omega_y^2 y^2 }{2} + U_2(x) \ ,
\end{gather}
and the oscillator frequency $\omega_y$ is approximately constant \emph{inside} the channel, so that an electron
remains in a single transverse mode during motion between the barriers.
The potential (\ref{potentialhumps}) can be manufactured, for example, by a rectangular split gate in
the plane of the 2DEG, with two thin wires placed perpendicular to the channel in a plane separated
from the 2DEG by an insulating layer, Fig. \ref{fig:dqpc}a. When there is a bias between the wires in
the upper layer and the 2DEG, a smooth electrostatic potential will be formed in the channel below. The
1D channel is quantized into oscillator levels, with the 1D effective potential being
\begin{gather} \label{U2}
U(x) = U_1(x) + U_2(x) \\ \nonumber
U_1(x) = \omega_y(x) (n + \frac{1}{2})
\end{gather}
where $n$ is the transverse oscillator level. We also suppose that the channel is not near pinch-off,
so that the additional barrier $U_2(x)$ may be made high without depleting the channel. As long as the
wires are placed inside the edges of the point contacts, the level spacing will be constant, and
transport between the potential barriers in the channel created by the wires will be adiabatic.
\section{Resonant transmission of spin}
We expect that the presence of nonadiabatic spin precession will result in an observable change in the
conductance when the distance between the barriers is of the order of the length of a spin cycle,
\begin{gather}
l_s = \frac{2\pi v_F}{\frac{1}{2} g^*\mu_B B} = \frac{ \epsilon_F}{\frac{1}{2} g^*\mu_B B} \frac{2\pi }{k_F} = \frac{\epsilon_F}{\frac{1}{2} g^*\mu_B B} \lambda = 1.2\mu\text{m}
\end{gather}
when the Fermi energy is 5meV. We reiterate that to observe the effect of nonadiabaticity on the conductance,
it is necessary to have $\delta_s \gg 1$ at the barriers, and $\delta_t \ll 1$ everywhere in the region between
the barriers.
Due to the small $g$-factor of electrons, the longitudinal oscillator frequency $\omega_x$ must be
sufficiently small in order to resolve the Zeeman splitting in the \emph{external magnetic field}, and we
take the value of $\omega_x = 0.19\text{meV}$ corresponding to a gaussian half-width of $0.4\mu$m.
When $d < 2\mu$m, we find that the potentials of the two barriers overlap, reducing the velocity and hence
the magnitude of the Dresselhaus effective field between the barriers. In principle, it is possible to engineer
a system with $d = 1\mu$m while maintaining a large Dresselhaus field by using a third wire above the point
contact which is positively biased to create a deeper cavity between the barriers. In our numerics, however,
we will consider only the simpler geometry consisting of two wires in a plane above the point contact, and
take a larger separation, $d = 2\mu$m, see Fig.\ref{fig:dqpc}b.
The 1D Hamiltonian is
\begin{gather}
\label{simpHamil}
H = \frac{p_x^2}{2m} + U(x) -\alpha p_x \sigma_x - \frac{1}{2} g^* \mu_B \vec{B} \cdot \vec{\sigma} \ ,
\end{gather}
where $\alpha = b^{6c6c}_{41} p_z^2$ and we have dropped the term proportional to $p_y^2$, which
does not qualitatively influence the result.
When the external magnetic field is directed along $x$, the Hamiltonian
becomes diagonal in the basis of states with spin aligned along the contact, and the transmission coefficients
for the spin-up and spin-down channels are simply given by the sum of two zero-field transmission coefficients
shifted relative to one another by the Zeeman splitting $|g^* \mu_B B|$; the Dresselhaus interaction does not
have any effect. For the perpendicular orientation of the external field, the behaviour of the transmission
coefficient is expected to be significantly more complex due to nonadiabaticity, since the Hamiltonian does
not decouple in any locally defined basis.
We have solved the scattering problem using numerical integration of the Schrodinger equation via the
fourth-order Adams-Moulton method, which was required due to the presence of the first power
of momentum in the Hamiltonian (\ref{simpHamil}). The conductance due to a single transverse channel,
according to the Landauer formula, is related to the $2\times 2$ spin-dependent transmission
amplitude $A$ by
\begin{gather}
G = \frac{e^2}{h}P(\epsilon)\ , \ \ \ P(\epsilon)= \text{tr} A^\dagger A \ .
\end{gather}
The calculated conductance for fields 5T, 10T, and 15T in the parallel and perpendicular
orientations is plotted in Fig.\ref{fig:conductance} versus $U_1$, which is the contribution to the effective
1D potential which is constant between the barriers defined in (\ref{U2}).
\begin{figure}[ht]
\includegraphics[width=0.23\textwidth,clip]{5T.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.23\textwidth,clip]{10T.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.23\textwidth,clip]{15T.eps}
\caption{\emph{(Color online).
The conductance (units of $\frac{e^2}{h}$) of the DQPC interferometer ($d=2\mu$m)
versus the constant contribution to the potential $U_1$ defined in (\ref{U2}). The conductance is plotted for three values of the external magentic field,
(a)5T, (b) 10T, (c) 15T, parallel (dotted line) and perpendicular (solid line) to the contact.
The arrows in (b) refer to the three plots in Fig.\ref{fig:boundstate}.}}
\label{fig:conductance}
\end{figure}
The difference between the resonant structure observed for the two field orientations is due to the Dresselhaus interaction.
Whereas the interaction does not influence the resonant pattern for the case of parallel field, it does so for the perpendicular
orientation. We plot the field dependence of the resonant peak positions in Fig.\ref{fig:peaks}.
\begin{figure}[ht]
\includegraphics[width=0.23\textwidth,clip]{long200.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.23\textwidth,clip]{trans200.eps}
\caption{\emph{(Color online).
Position of the magnetoconductance peaks as a function of magnetic field for parallel (a) and
perpendicular (b) orientations of the fields.}}
\label{fig:peaks}
\end{figure}
For a parallel applied field, the positions of the peaks are shifted linearly in the magnetic field,
with slope equal to the magnetic moment $\pm \frac{1}{2} g^*\mu_B$ and opposite spins exhibiting shifts in
opposite directions. The situation for perpendicular field, however, is markedly different: in the low field
regime the positions of the peaks depend non-linearly on the applied field and evolve into straight lines
with slope $\pm \frac{1}{2} g^*\mu_B$ as the field is increased. In the high field regime, the positions of
the peaks are still off-set relative to those in the parallel orientation, even though spin dynamics is
becoming adiabatic. This is due to the fact that the Dresselhaus interaction not only induces a non-abelian
phase when nonadiabatic precession occurs, but also contributes to the abelian phase even in the adiabatic
regime, so that the peaks in high field remain offset due to the accumulation of a dynamical phase in the
scattering regions in which spin undergoes significant precession.
In addition to the non-linear shift in the positive transmission resonant peaks
we observe a novel feature in the regime where nonadiabaticity of the spin motion is strong,
these are the {\it negative} resonances appearing on the middle plateau.
The negative resonances marked by letters (A) and (C) are evident in Fig.\ref{fig:conductance}b
at 10T, and are suppressed as the magnetic field is increased into the adiabatic regime.
Recall that in the spinless situation, sharp peaks appear in the transmission corresponding resonant transparency
at energies where a quasi-bound state exists between the barriers. It is clear that appearance of negative peaks
corresponding to resonant enhancement of reflection cannot exist for parallel fields, and is therefore closely
tied to non-trivial spin dynamics.
In Fig.\ref{fig:boundstate} we display the electron wave functions corresponding to energies (A), (B), and (C)
marked in the conductance plot Fig.\ref{fig:conductance}b.
\begin{figure}[ht]
\includegraphics[width=0.23\textwidth,clip]{A.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.23\textwidth,clip]{B.eps}
\includegraphics[width=0.23\textwidth,clip]{C.eps}
\caption{\emph{
The probability $|\psi|^2$ plotted on the same scale at three values of $U_1$, corresponding to
the two {\it negative} resonant cases (A,C) and one off-resonant case (B) indicated in Fig.\ref{fig:conductance}b.
The wavefunction is strongly enhanced between the barriers at {\it negative} resonances, clearly demonstrating the
existence of quasi-bound states.}}
\label{fig:boundstate}
\end{figure}
We observe that the wavefunction at energies corresponding to {\it negative} resonances (A) and (C)
is strongly enhanced between the barriers signalling the presence of a quasi-bound state at the two resonant energies.
We reiterate that these states appear at 10T and are associated with a suppression in the transmission.
At high magnetic field the states gradually disappear; they are evident only vestigially at 15T, Fig.\ref{fig:conductance}c.
Practically, the non-linear field dependence of the splitting of ususal (``positive'') transmission resonances
shown in Figs. ~\ref{fig:conductance} and ~\ref{fig:peaks} might provide a robust way to probe and to measure
the Dresselhaus and the Rashba interactions. On the other hand observation of the negative resonances might be
a challenge because of their relatively small spectral weight (we observe numerically that the negative
resonances are more pronounced for heavy holes than for electrons). On the other hand the negative resonances are
a qualitatively new feature related to the non-abelian and non-adiabatic spin dynamics and we shall explain the
physical mechanism behind these features in the next section.
\section{The physical mechanism for negative resonances.}
Let us consider the region very near the top of the barrier, in which $p_x \approx 0$. Since the
external magnetic field is dominant near the barrier, the scattering of a state which is incident
on the single barrier is completely described by the spin-dependent $T$-matrix for a single
parabolic barrier with \emph{constant} magnetic field,
\begin{gather}
\hat{T} = \left(\begin{array}{cc} \hat{t}_{11} & \hat{t}_{12} \\ \hat{t}_{21} & \hat{t}_{22} \end{array}\right) \ .
\end{gather}
Hereafter we indicate the explicit inclusion of spin by the hat above the $T$-matrix; the dimension of $\hat{T}$ is hence
4$\times$4. The $2\times 2$ matrices $\hat{t}_{ij}$ are diagonal in the basis of states with spin
directed along the external field $\vec{B}$,
\begin{gather}
\hat{t}_{ij} = \left(\begin{array}{cc}
t_{ij} ( \epsilon +\epsilon_B) & 0 \\
0 & t_{ij} (\epsilon - \epsilon_B)
\end{array}\right)\ .
\end{gather}
Here we have written $\epsilon_B = |\frac{1}{2} g^*\mu_B B|$ and the spin-independent matrix
elements $t_{ij}(\epsilon)$ were given in Eq. (\ref{tmatrix}). In the situation where
$ 2\epsilon_B \gg \omega_x$, the Zeeman splitting may be clearly resolved, a middle plateau exists,
and for energies lying on this plateau, each barrier acts as a spin filter, preferentially
reflecting spins which are aligned with the magnetic field and transmitting spins which are anti-aligned.
Away from the potential barriers, the electron momentum is large and hence
it is possible to perform a Born-Oppenheimer separation of
orbital and spin motion. Writing the wave-function as
\begin{gather}
\psi(x) = e^{i \int{ k dx}} \chi(x) \ ,
\end{gather}
where $\chi$ is a spinor and
\begin{gather}
k = \sqrt{2m(\epsilon - U)} \ ,
\end{gather}
we find that $\chi$ obeys the following Schrodinger equation
\begin{gather}
\label{etau}
i \frac{d\chi}{d\tau} = -(\epsilon_B \sigma_y + \alpha k \sigma_x) \chi \ .
\end{gather}
Here $\tau$ is an \emph{effective time} defined by
\begin{gather}
\frac{k}{m} \frac{d}{dx} = \frac{d}{d\tau} \ .
\end{gather}
When deriving Eq. (\ref{etau}) from Eq. (\ref{simpHamil}) one has to remember that between the barriers,
$\alpha \ll \frac{k}{m}$.
The solution $\chi(\tau)$ may be written in terms of the SU(2) evolution operator $U(\tau)$,
\begin{gather}
\chi(\tau) = U(\tau) \chi(0)
\end{gather}
We have used the same letter for the evolution operator as for the potential, however the meaning should be clear.
In the region between the two barriers, the wave-function consists of counterpropagating waves which
carry precessing spin. The spins which propagate in opposite directions are related by an operation
corresponding to the reversal of 'effective time', which differs from the usual time-reversal operator
in that $\sigma_x$ does not change sign since the $x$-component of the effective magnetic field
$\alpha p_x$ is also reversed. It is therefore necessary to augment the time-reversal operator by a
rotation of $\pi$ about the $y$-axis. The unitary evolution operator then obeys the relation
\begin{gather}
U(-\tau) = e^{ - \frac{ i\pi \sigma_y }{2} } U(\tau)^\dagger e^{ \frac{ i\pi \sigma_y}{2}} \ .
\end{gather}
Since the region in which the electron sees a relatively constant magnetic field extends over a large
number of de Broglie wavelengths, while the scattering region consists of a small number of de Broglie
wavelengths, the $T$-matrix for the complete process is simply given by the product of the individual
$T$-matrices at each barrier with the matrix describing phase and spin evolution between the barriers,
\begin{gather}
\hat{T}' =
\hat{T}
\left(\begin{array}{cc}
e^{i \Phi} U(\tau) & 0 \\
0 &e^{-i \Phi} U(-\tau)
\end{array}\right)
\hat{T}
\end{gather}
where $e^{i \Phi}$ is an abelian phase and
\begin{gather}
U(\tau) = \left(\begin{array}{cc}
\alpha & -\beta^* \\
\beta & \alpha^*
\end{array}\right), \ \ \ U(-\tau) = \left(\begin{array}{cc}
\alpha^* & -\beta \\
\beta^* & \alpha
\end{array}\right)
\end{gather}
The spin-dependent 2$\times$2 transmission amplitude is given by
\begin{gather}
A = \hat{t}_{11}^{\prime -1} = ( \hat{t}_{11} e^{i \Phi} U(\tau) \hat{t}_{11} +
\hat{ t}_{12} e^{-i \Phi} U(-\tau) \hat{t}_{21} )^{-1}
\end{gather}
When the energy lies on the middle plateau, $\epsilon + \epsilon_B \approx \epsilon_B \gg 0, \epsilon - \epsilon_B \approx -\epsilon_B \ll 0$, we obtain, making use of the explicit forms (\ref{tmatrix})
\begin{widetext}
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\hat{t}'_{11}\approx\nonumber\\
&&-e^{i \Phi}
\left(\begin{array}{cc} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & \sqrt{ 1 + e^{ 2\pi \epsilon_B/\omega_x} } \end{array}\right)
\left(\begin{array}{cc}
\alpha & -\beta^* \\
\beta & \alpha^*
\end{array}\right)
\left(\begin{array}{cc} 1 & 0 \\ 0 & \sqrt{ 1 + e^{ 2\pi \epsilon_B/\omega_x}} \end{array}\right) +
e^{-i \Phi} \left(\begin{array}{cc} 0 & 0 \\ 0 & e^{\pi \epsilon_B/\omega_x} \end{array}\right)
\left(\begin{array}{cc} \alpha^* & -\beta\\ \beta^* & \alpha \end{array}\right)
\left(\begin{array}{cc} 0 & 0 \\ 0 & e^{ \pi \epsilon_B/\omega_x}
\end{array}\right) \nonumber\\
&&= \left(\begin{array}{cc}
- \alpha e^{i \Phi} & -\beta^* e^{ \pi \epsilon_B/\omega_x} e^{i \Phi} \\
\beta e^{ \pi \epsilon_B/\omega_x} e^{i\Phi} & (\alpha e^{-i \Phi} - \alpha^* e^{i \Phi} ) e^{ 2\pi \epsilon_B/\omega_x} - \alpha^* e^{i \Phi}
\end{array}\right) \ .
\end{eqnarray}
The spin-dependent transmission amplitude is
\begin{gather}
A = \frac{e^{-i \Phi}}{ |\alpha|^2 + e^{2\pi \epsilon_B/\omega_x}(1 - \alpha^2 e^{- 2i \Phi}) } \left(\begin{array}{cc} ( \alpha e^{-2i \Phi} - \alpha^* ) e^{ 2\pi \epsilon_B/\omega_x} - \alpha^* & -\beta^* e^{ \pi \epsilon_B/\omega_x} \\
\beta e^{\pi \epsilon_B/\omega} & -\alpha \end{array}\right)
\end{gather}
\end{widetext}
The off-diagonal matrix elements $A_{12}, A_{21}$ correspond to transmission with spin-flip.
The conductance is given by
\begin{gather}
G = \frac{e^2}{h} \text{tr} A A^\dagger = \frac{e^2}{h} (|A_{11}|^2 + |A_{12}|^2 + |A_{21}|^2 + |A_{22}|^2 )
\end{gather}
We may immediately identify the off-resonant situation when the exponential factor $e^{2\pi B/\omega}$
is dominant, so that the transmission amplitude and probabilty
are of the form
\begin{eqnarray}
&&A = e^{-i \Phi} \frac{\alpha e^{-2i \Phi } - \alpha^*}{ (1 - \alpha^2 e^{-2i \Phi} )} \left(\begin{array}{cc}
1 & 0 \\
0 & 0
\end{array}\right)\nonumber\\
&&P(\epsilon)=|\alpha|^2\approx 1 \ .
\end{eqnarray}
which corresponds to the filtering of spin at each barrier.
At a usual ``positive'' resonance
\begin{gather}
\label{fullloop}
1 - \alpha^2 e^{-2i \Phi} = 0 \rightarrow \alpha = e^{i (\Phi + n \pi) } \ .
\end{gather}
This implies that $|\alpha|=1$, $\beta=0$.
Hence
\begin{eqnarray}
&&A = \frac{e^{-i \Phi}}{|\alpha|^2}
\left(\begin{array}{cc}
-\alpha^* & 0 \\
0 & -\alpha
\end{array}\right)\nonumber\\
&&P(\epsilon)=2 \ .
\end{eqnarray}
At a ``negative'' resonance we need to satisfy the following conditions
\begin{eqnarray}
&& \alpha e^{-2i \Phi} - \alpha^* =0\nonumber\\
&&1 - \alpha^2 e^{- 2i \Phi} \ne 0 \ .
\end{eqnarray}
This is possible only if $\alpha = |\alpha|e^{i (\Phi + n \pi) }$ and
$|\alpha| < 1$. The phase condition is the same as that for the positive
resonace, Eq. (\ref{fullloop}). However, $|\alpha| < 1$ is possible only in a
nonadibatic case. In this case we have
\begin{eqnarray}
&&A = \frac{e^{-i \Phi}}{|\beta|^2e^{ 2\pi \epsilon_B/\omega_x}}
\left(\begin{array}{cc}
-\alpha^* & -\beta^*e^{ \pi \epsilon_B/\omega_x} \\
\beta e^{ \pi \epsilon_B/\omega_x} & -\alpha
\end{array}\right)\nonumber\\
&&P(\epsilon)=e^{-2 \pi \epsilon_B/\omega_x} \ .
\end{eqnarray}
We see that in order to obtain a negative resonance it is necessary for spin to precess non-trivially,
so that a lower spin component develops over the course of the trajectory. When motion is significantly
nonadiabatic, the lower component of spin may undergo resonant enhancement, leading to suppression
of transmission. When the parameters are driven deeper into the adiabatic regime, we find that the
resonant behaviour can reverse to become a more common positive resonance, which explains how the negative
spike marked (A) in Fig.\ref{fig:conductance}b appears as a small positive ``bump" on the middle plateau in panel (c) of
the same figure.
In order to observe a negative resonance, it is necessary that nonadiabatic spin dynamics persist
into the high-field regime, since the Zeeman splitting must be sufficient large to create a middle plateau
in which one spin channel is filtered. This requires that the Zeeman splitting be larger than the
longitudinal oscillator frequency, $g^*\mu_B B > \omega_x$, while remaining significantly smaller than the
Dresselhaus interaction. While this can be accomplished by making the parabolic barrier wider, this
would also require the distance between barriers to be increased, which is a sensitive issue since the
size of the system may be required to exceed the ballistic mean free path. We therefore expect that
while the non-linear splitting of peaks shown in Figs. ~\ref{fig:conductance} and ~\ref{fig:peaks}
should be confirmed experimentally with relative ease, realization of the negative resonances may
provide a challenge.
\section{Conclusion}
We suggest a spin-orbit interferometer consisting of two QPCs connected in series.
It is shown that due to the Dresselhaus spin-orbit interaction the spin dynamics in the
interferometer is nonadiabatic in presence of an external magnetic field.
As a result of this nonadiabaticity the positions of the resonant peaks in the transmission are sensitive to the
direction of the magnetic field and the value of the Dresselhaus interaction.
This effect could be used to directly measure the size of the Dresselhaus interaction in a ballistic channel.
While we performed our calculations for an electron system with the Dresselhaus interaction, it is clear that
the same effect exists generically for holes and for the Rashba spin-orbit interaction.
We thank U. Zuelicke, A. R. Hamilton and A. I. Milstein for stimulating discussions.
|
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AMMONNEWS - Cypriot President Nicos Anastasiades arrived to Amman on Sunday to participate in the second round of the trilateral Jordan-Cyprus-Greece Summit to be held in Jordan.
Upon arrival, the Cypriot president was welcomed by the minister of foreign affairs and expatriates, the mayor of Amman, the Jordanian ambassador to Cyprus, the ambassador of Cyprus in Amman and a number of civic and military officials.
Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras also arrived in Amman yesterday to take part in the summit which will focus on means to expand cooperation between the Kingdom, Cyprus and Greece in various fields, mainly economy and investment, and building on the outcomes of the first summit that Cyprus hosted in January 2018.
The summit will also go over the latest regional developments and endeavours to achieve peace in the region.
|
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Мае Дрісдейл (, 19 листопада 1978) — новозеландський веслувальник, олімпійський чемпіон та медаліст.
Виступи на Олімпіадах
Посилання
Досьє на sport.references.com
Новозеландські академічні веслувальники
Новозеландські олімпійські чемпіони
Новозеландські бронзові олімпійські медалісти
Чемпіони літніх Олімпійських ігор 2012
Чемпіони літніх Олімпійських ігор 2016
бронзові призери літніх Олімпійських ігор 2008
академічні веслувальники на літніх Олімпійських іграх 2016
академічні веслувальники на літніх Олімпійських іграх 2012
академічні веслувальники на літніх Олімпійських іграх 2008
академічні веслувальники на літніх Олімпійських іграх 2004
Уродженці Мельбурна
|
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Labor Day weekend is upon us! For many, celebrating the end of summer means having one last big cookout with friends and family. But you can't fire up the grill this weekend without making these grilled venison backstrap kabobs.... with peanut sauce and grilled romaine (Did your mouth just water a little bit? Because mine did). Check out the recipe below and have a safe and fun holiday weekend!
In a gallon ziplock bag, mix the marinade ingredients. Place the cubed venison backstrap into the ziplock and allow to marinate in the refrigerator for 4-6 hours.
When you're ready to cook, remove the venison backstrap and thread evenly, with the slices of onion and peppers, onto the metal skewers. Keep the venison backstrap, peppers and onions tight. This will help seal the moisture in the backstrap. Place the sliced mushrooms on the end of the skewers to hold the venison backstrap and peppers together and in place.
Preheat grill on high. Place skewers on grill and cook on medium heat for approximately 8 minutes. Turn the skewer(s) over and cook until the venison backstrap is to its desired doneness.
Mix ingredients together and whisk until color is even. If the sauce is too thick add more water until you reach the desired consistency. If you're a peanut butter aficionado, you will enjoy the flavor this adds to the venison kabob.
Evenly sprinkle the head of romaine with olive oil. Grind peppercorns and pepper as desired. Salt to flavor. Simply wait until the venison backstap kabobs are almost ready to be removed from the grill and place the oiled, salted and peppered romaine on the grill.
Cook romaine until leaf edges are dark and serve. It may sound crazy, but grilled romaine is a delectable addition to your grilled venison backstrap kabobs.
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WikiMili
Timeline of World War II (1945–1991)
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Alphabetical indices
Timelines of World War II
(in Asia
in Europe)
Battle of Europe air operations
United Kingdom home front
Surrender of the Axis armies
This is a timeline of the events that stretched over the period of World War II from January 1945 to its conclusion and legal aftermath.
Elsewhere 2
Nuremberg 10
September–October 1946
Into the 21st century
1: The Germans begin a surprise offensive (Operation Nordwind) in northern Alsace.
: Unternehmen Bodenplatte (Operation Baseplate) is launched by the Luftwaffe against western Allied air bases in Belgium and Holland by elements of ten different Jagdgeschwadern (fighter wings), as its last major air offensive of the war in the West.
: American troops kill dozens of German POWs at Chenogne
2: 46 American B-29 bombers based near Calcutta, India attacked a railroad bridge near Bangkok, Thailand and other targets in the area. [1]
: The Japanese increasingly use kamikaze tactics against the US naval forces nearby.
3: The Allies take the offensive east of the Bulge but they fail to close the pincers (which might have surrounded large numbers of Germans) with Patton's tanks.
4: US navy air attacks on Formosa (Taiwan)
5: The German offensive Nordwind crosses the border into Alsace.
: Japanese retreat across the Irrawaddy River in Burma with General Slim's troops in pursuit.
6: American B-29s bomb Tokyo again.
7: Germans, as part of the plan to retake Strasbourg, break out of the "Colmar Pocket", a bridgehead on the Rhine, and head east.
8: The battle of Strasbourg is underway, with Americans in defence of their recent acquisition.
9: Americans land on Luzon. [1] [2] There are more kamikaze attacks on the American navy.
11: The first convoy moves on the Ledo Road (or "Stilwell" road) in northern Burma, linking India and China.
12: The East Prussian Offensive, a major Red Army offensive in East Prussia, begins on January 13th.
13: 1st Byelorussian Front launched its winter offensive towards Pillkallen, East Prussia, meeting heavy resistance from the German 3rd Panzer Army. [1]
14: British forces clear the Roer Triangle during Operation Blackcock; it is an area noted for its industrial dams.
15: Hitler is now firmly ensconced in the Führerbunker in Berlin with his companion Eva Braun.
: The British commander in Athens, General Ronald Scobie, accepts a request for a ceasefire from the Greek People's Liberation Army. This marks the end of the Dekemvriana, resulting in clear defeat for the Greek Left.
16: The U.S. First and Third Armies link up following the Battle of the Bulge.
17: Warsaw is entered by Red Army troops. [1] [2] A government favourable to the Communists is installed.
: It is announced officially that the Battle of the Bulge is at an end.
19: Hitler orders that any retreats of divisions or larger units must be approved by him.
20: The Red Army advances into East Prussia. Germans renew the retreat.
: Franklin D. Roosevelt is sworn in for a fourth term as U.S. President; Harry Truman is sworn in as Vice President.
23: German jurist and anti-Nazi activist Helmuth James von Moltke was hanged for treason in Berlin.
25: The American navy bombards Iwo Jima in preparation for an invasion.
: The Allies officially win the Battle of the Bulge.
27: Auschwitz concentration camp is entered by Soviet troops. [1] [2]
28: The Red Army completes the occupation of Lithuania.
31: The Red Army crosses the Oder River into Germany and are now less than 50 miles from Berlin.
: A second invasion on Luzon by Americans lands on the west coast.
: The whole Burma Road is now opened as the Ledo Road linkage with India is complete.
1: Ecuador declares war on Germany and Japan.
2: Naval docks at Singapore are destroyed by B-29 attacks.
3: The Battle of Manila (1945) begins: Forces of the U.S. and Philippines enter Manila. The Manila massacre takes place during the fighting.
: Heavy bombing of Berlin. Judge Roland Friesler is killed while trying to save court documents.
4: The Yalta Conference of Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin begins; [1] [2] the main subject of their discussions is postwar spheres of influence.
: Belgium is now cleared of all German forces.
8: Paraguay declares war on Germany and Japan.
9: The Colmar Pocket, the last German foothold west of the Rhine, is eliminated by the French 1st Army.
12: Peru declares war on Germany and Japan.
13: The Battle of Budapest ends with Soviet victory, after a long defence by the Germans.
13/14: The bombing of Dresden takes place; it is firebombed by Allied air forces and large parts of the historic city are destroyed.
14: The 1945 Bombing of Prague: American planes bomb the wrong city.
15: Venezuela declares war on Germany and Japan.
16: American paratroopers and Philippine Commonwealth troops land on Corregidor Island, in Manila Bay. Once the scene of the last American resistance in early 1942, it is now the scene of Japanese resistance.
: American naval vessels bombard Tokyo and Yokohama.
19: U.S. Marines invade Iwo Jima.
23: U.S. Marines raise the American flag on Mount Suribachi on Iwo Jima.
: Turkey declares war on Germany and Japan.
24: Massive bombing of Germany by approximately 9,000 bombers.
: Egypt declares war on the Axis.
25: US incendiary raids on Japan.
: After ten days of fighting, American and Filipino troops recapture Corregidor.
26: Syria declares war on Germany and Japan.
28: A Philippine government is established.
: U.S. and Filipino forces invade Palawan, an island of the Philippines.
3: Manila is fully liberated. [1] [2]
: Battle of Meiktila, Burma comes to an end with General Slim's troops overwhelming the Japanese; the road to Rangoon is now cleared.
: The Allies attempted to destroy V-2s and launching equipment near The Hague by a large-scale bombardment, but due to navigational errors the Bezuidenhout quarter was destroyed, killing 511 Dutch civilians.
4: Finland declares war on Germany, backdated to September 15, 1944.
6: Germans launch an offensive against Soviet forces in Hungary.
7: The Battle of Remagen: When German troops fail to dynamite the Ludendorff Bridge over the Rhine, the U.S. First Army captures the bridge and begins crossing the river. The Army also takes Cologne, Germany. [1] [3]
: Germans begin to evacuate Danzig.
9: The US firebombs Tokyo (the attack was code-named Operation Meetinghouse), [4] with heavy civilian casualties.
: Amid rumours of a possible American invasion, Japanese overthrow the Vichy French Jean Decoux Government which had been operating independently as the colonial government of Vietnam: they proclaim an "independent" Empire of Vietnam, with Emperor Bảo Đại as nominal ruler. Premier Trần Trọng Kim forms the first Vietnamese government.
10: Japanese Fu-Go balloon bombs damage the Manhattan Project's Hanford Site in Washington State slightly, but cause no lasting effects. [5]
11: Nagoya, Japan is firebombed by hundreds of B-29s.
15: V-2 rockets continue to hit England and Belgium.
16: The German offensive in Hungary ends with another Soviet victory.
: Iwo Jima is finally secured after a month's fighting, in the war's only Marine battle where the number of American casualties is larger than the Japanese's. Sporadic fighting will continue as isolated Japanese fighters emerge from caves and tunnels.
18: Red Army approaches Danzig (postwar Gdańsk).
19: Heavy bombing of important naval bases in Japan, Kobe and Kure.
: Deutsch Schutzen massacre occurs, in which 60 Jews are killed.
20: German General Gotthard Heinrici replaces Heinrich Himmler as commander of Army Group Vistula, the army group directly opposing the Soviet advance towards Berlin.
: Mandalay liberated by Indian 19th Infantry Division.
: Tokyo is firebombed again.
: Patton's troops capture Mainz, Germany.
21: British air raid on a Gestapo headquarters in Copenhagen, Denmark, in support of the Danish resistance movement takes place.
22-23: US and British forces cross the Rhine at Oppenheim.
23: By this time it is clear that Germany is under attack from all sides.
24: Operation Varsity, an Anglo-American-Canadian assault under Montgomery crossed the Rhine at Wesel.
27: The Western Allies slow their advance and allow the Red Army to take Berlin.
28: Argentina declares war on Germany, the last Western hemisphere country to do so; its policies for sheltering escaping Nazis are also coming under scrutiny. Argentina had not declared war before due to British wishes that Argentine shipping be neutral (and therefore Argentine foodstuffs would reach Britain unharmed), this, however, went against the plan of the USA, who applied much political pressure on Argentina.
29: The Red Army enters Austria. Other Allies take Frankfurt; the Germans are in a general retreat all over the centre of the country.
30: Red Army forces capture Danzig.
31: General Eisenhower broadcasts a demand for the Germans to surrender.
1: U.S. troops start Operation Iceberg, which is the Battle of Okinawa. It would have been a leaping off base for a mainland invasion.
: Americans retake Legaspi, Albay in the Philippines.
2: Soviets launch the Vienna Offensive against German forces in and around the Austrian capital city.
: German armies are surrounded in the Ruhr region.
4: Bratislava, the capital of the Slovak Republic, is overrun by advancing Soviet forces. The remaining members of Prime Minister Jozef Tiso's pro-German government flee to Austria.
: The Ohrdruf death camp is liberated by the Allies.
6: The Spring 1945 offensive in Italy begins in northern Italy.
7: The Japanese battleship Yamato is sunk in the north of Okinawa as the Japanese make their last major naval operation.
9: The Battle of Königsberg ends in a Soviet victory.
: A heavy bombing at Kiel by the RAF destroys the last two major German warships.
: Pastor Dietrich Bonhoeffer is executed at Flossenburg prison.
10: Buchenwald concentration camp is liberated by American forces.
11: Japanese kamikaze attacks on American naval ships continue at Okinawa; the carrier Enterprise and the battleship Missouri are hit.
: Spain breaks off diplomatic relations with Japan.
12: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt dies suddenly. Harry S. Truman becomes president of the United States.
13: The Vienna Offensive ends with a Soviet victory.
: Gardelegen Massacre takes place. Over 1000 slave laborers were closed in a barn which then was set on fire. It was one of the last massacres on civil population perpetrated by Germans. Just few hours later, American troops captured Gardelegen
14: Large-scale firebombing of Tokyo.
15: Bergen-Belsen concentration camp is liberated by the British Army.
16: The Battle of the Seelow Heights and the Battle of the Oder-Neisse begin as the Soviets continue to advance towards the city of Berlin.
18: Ernie Pyle, famed war correspondent for the GIs, is killed by a sniper on Ie Shima, a small island near Okinawa.
19: Switzerland closes its borders with Germany (and the former Austria).
: Allies continue their sweep toward the Po Valley.
: The Soviet advance towards the city of Berlin continues and soon reaches the suburbs.
Happy 2nd Lt. William Robertson and Lt. Alexander Sylvashko, Red Army, shown in front of sign "East Meets West" symbolizing the historic meeting of the Red Army and American armies, near Torgau, Germany on Elbe Day.
20: Hitler celebrates his 56th birthday in the bunker in Berlin; reports are that he is in an unhealthy state, nervous, and depressed.
21: Soviet forces under Georgiy Zhukov's (1st Belorussian Front), Konstantin Rokossovskiy's (2nd Belorussian Front) and Ivan Konev's (1st Ukrainian Front) launch assaults on the German forces in and around the city of Berlin in the opening stages of the Battle of Berlin.
: Hitler orders SS-General Felix Steiner to attack the 1st Belorussian Front and destroy it. The ragtag units of "Army Detachment Steiner" are not fully manned.
22: Hitler is informed late in the day that, with the approval of Gotthard Heinrici, Steiner's attack was never launched. Instead, Steiner's forces were authorised to retreat. In response, Hitler launches a furious tirade against the perceived treachery and incompetence of his military commanders in front of Wilhelm Keitel, Hans Krebs, Alfred Jodl, Wilhelm Burgdorf and Martin Bormann. Hitler's tirade culminates in an oath to stay in Berlin to head up the defence of the city. Hitler orders General Walther Wenck to attack towards Berlin with the Twelfth Army, link up with the Ninth Army of General Theodor Busse, and relieve the city. Wenck launched an attack, but it will come to nothing.
23: Hermann Göring sends a radiogram to Hitler's bunker, asking to be declared Hitler's successor. He proclaims that if he gets no response by 10 PM, he will assume Hitler is incapacitated and assume leadership of the Reich. Furious, Hitler strips him of all his offices and expels him from the Nazi Party.
: Albert Speer makes one last visit to Hitler, informing him that he (Speer) ignored the Nero Decree for scorched earth.
24: Himmler, ignoring the orders of Hitler, makes a secret surrender offer to the Allies, (led by Count Folke Bernadotte, head of the Red Cross), provided that the Red Army is not involved. The offer is rejected; when Hitler hears of the betrayal on the 28th, he orders Himmler shot.
: Forces of the 1st Belorussian Front and the 1st Ukrainian Front link up in the initial encirclement of Berlin.
: Allies encircle the last German armies near Bologna, and the Italian war in effect comes to an end.
25: Elbe Day: First contact between Soviet and American troops at the river Elbe, near Torgau in Germany.
26: Hitler summons Field Marshal Robert Ritter von Greim from Munich to Berlin to take over command of the Luftwaffe from Göring. While flying into Berlin, von Greim is seriously wounded by Soviet anti-aircraft fire.
27: The encirclement of German forces in Berlin is completed by the 1st Belorussian Front and the 1st Ukrainian Front.
Last German formations withdraw to Norway from Finland and the Lapland War ends; the Finnish flag is raised at the three-country cairn in celebration.
28: Head of State for the Italian Social Republic, Benito Mussolini, heavily disguised, is captured in northern Italy while trying to escape. Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci, are shot and hanged in Milan the next day. Other members of his puppet government are also executed by Italian partisans and their bodies put on display in Milan.
29: Dachau concentration camp is liberated by the U.S. 7th Army.
: All forces in Italy officially surrender and a ceasefire is declared.
: Allied air forces commence Operations Manna and Chowhound, providing food aid to the Netherlands under a truce made with occupying German forces.
: Hitler marries his companion Eva Braun.
30: Hitler and his wife commit suicide with a combination of poison and a gunshot. Before he dies, he dictates his last will and testament. In it Joseph Goebbels is appointed Reich Chancellor and Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz is appointed Reich President.
1: German General Hans Krebs negotiates the surrender of the city of Berlin with Soviet General Vasily Chuikov. Chuikov, as commander of the Soviet 8th Guards Army, commands the Soviet forces in central Berlin. Krebs is not authorized by Reich Chancellor Goebbels to agree to an unconditional surrender, so his negotiations with Chuikov end with no agreement.
: Goebbels and his wife murder their children and commit suicide.
: Yugoslavian Partisan leader Josip Broz Tito and his troops capture Trieste, Italy. New Zealand troops play a supporting role.
: The war in Italy is over but some German troops are still not accounted for.
: Australian troops land on Tarakan island off the coast of Borneo
2: Soviet forces capture the Reichstag building and install the Soviet flag.
: The Battle of Berlin ends when German General Helmuth Weidling, commander of the Berlin Defence Area, (and no longer bound by Goebbels's commands), unconditionally surrenders the city of Berlin to Soviet General Vasily Chuikov.
3: Rangoon is liberated.
: The German cruiser Admiral Hipper is scuttled, having been hit heavily by the RAF in April.
: Éamon de Valera, Taoiseach (prime minister) of Ireland, offers regrets for Hitler's death to German officialdom.
4: Karl Dönitz orders all U-boats to cease operations.
: German troops in Denmark, Northern Germany and The Netherlands surrender to Montgomery.
: Neuengamme concentration camp is liberated.
5: Formal negotiations for Germany's surrender begin at Reims, France.
: Czech resistance fighters begin the Prague uprising and the Soviets begin the Prague Offensive.
: German troops in the Netherlands officially surrender; Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands accepts the surrender.
: Mauthausen concentration camp is liberated.
: Kamikazes have major successes off Okinawa.
: Japanese fire balloons claim their first and only lives—a Sunday school group in Bly, Oregon.
6: German soldiers open fire on a crowd celebrating the liberation of the Netherlands in Dam Square. At the brink of peace, 120 people were badly injured and 22 pronounced dead. [6]
: This date marks the last fighting for American troops in Europe. [ citation needed ]
The front page of The Montreal Daily Star announcing the German surrender, May 7, 1945
7: Germany surrenders unconditionally to the Allies at the Western Allied Headquarters in Rheims, France at 2:41 a.m. In accordance with orders from Reich President Karl Dönitz, General Alfred Jodl signs for Germany.
: Hermann Göring, for a while in the hands of the SS, surrenders to the Americans. Elements of Task Force Smythe, U.S. 80th ID in Austria, fire last shots of the war in Europe when 80th Recon Platoon is strafed by 2 German planes and returns fire causing one plane to leave trailing smoke. [7]
8: Victory in Europe Day: The ceasefire takes effect at one minute past midnight.
: In accordance with Dönitz's orders, Colonel-General Carl Hilpert unconditionally surrenders his troops in the Courland Pocket.
: Germany surrenders again unconditionally to the Soviet Union army but this time in a ceremony hosted by the Soviet Union. In accordance with orders from Dönitz, General Wilhelm Keitel signs for Germany.
: The remaining members of President Jozef Tiso's pro-German Slovak Republic capitulates to the American General Walton Walker's XX Corps in Kremsmünster, Austria.
: The Prague uprising ends with negotiated surrender with Czech resistance which allowed the Germans in Prague to leave the city.
: In order to disarm the Japanese in Vietnam, the Allies divide the country in half at the 16th parallel. Chinese Nationalists will move in and disarm the Japanese north of the parallel while the British will move in and do the same in the south. During the conference, representatives from France request the return of all French pre-war colonies in Indochina. Their request is granted.
9: The Soviet Union officially pronounces May 9 as Victory Day.
: The Red Army enters Prague.
: The German garrison in the Channel Islands agree to unconditional surrender.
: German troops on Bornholm surrender to Soviet troops.
11: The Soviets capture Prague, the last European capital to be liberated. Eisenhower stops Patton from participating in the liberation.
: German Army Group Centre in Czechoslovakia surrenders.
: War in New Guinea continues, with Australians attacking Wewak.
14: Nagoya, Japan, is heavily bombed.
: Fighting in the southern Philippines continues.
14–15: The Battle of Poljana begins and ends.
20: The Georgian Uprising of Texel ends, concluding all World War II conflicts in the Netherlands.
23: British forces capture and arrest the members of what was left of the Flensburg government. This was the German government formed by Reich President Karl Dönitz after the suicides of both Adolf Hitler and Joseph Goebbels.
: Heavy bombing of Yokohama, an important port and naval base.
: Heinrich Himmler, head of the notorious SS, dies of suicide via cyanide pill.
25: The Battle of Odžak ends, concluding all World War II conflicts in Yugoslavia and Europe.
29: Fighting breaks out in Syria and Lebanon, as nationalists demand freedom from French control.
2: Air Group 87 aircraft from USS Ticonderoga strike airfields on Kyushu, Japan, in an attempt to stop special attack aircraft from taking off. [1]
5: The Allies agree to divide Germany into four areas of control (American, British, French and Soviet).
: The U.S. fleet under William Halsey, Jr., suffers widespread damage from a huge Pacific typhoon.
10: Australian troops land in Brunei.
11: Schiermonnikoog, a Dutch island, is the last part of Europe freed by Allied troops.
13: The Australians capture Brunei.
15: Osaka, Japan, is heavily bombed.
16: The Japanese are in a general retreat in central China.
17: Japanese Admiral Ota Minoru commits ritual suicide for failing to defend Okinawa, Japan. [1]
19: The United Kingdom begins demobilization.
21: The defeat of the Japanese on Okinawa is now complete.
26: The United Nations Charter is signed in San Francisco.
27: The first oil pump is restored at Tarakan Island. [8]
1: Australian troops land at Balikpapan, Borneo in the Western Allies' last major land operation of the war.
5: General Douglas MacArthur announces that the Philippines have been liberated.
6: Norway declares war on Japan.
10: US Navy aircraft participate in attacks on Tokyo for the first time.
14: Italy declares war on Japan.
16: The U.S. conducts the Trinity test at Alamogordo, New Mexico, the first test of a nuclear weapon.
17: The Potsdam Conference begins under British Prime Minister Churchill, Soviet Prime Minister Stalin and U.S. President Truman. The Allied leaders agree to insist upon the unconditional surrender of Japan.
22: America and Japan engage in a small bloodless skirmish in the Battle of Tokyo Bay. The Japanese take slight losses
Clement Attlee, Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin at the 1945 Potsdam Conference.
24: Truman hints at the Potsdam Conference that the United States has nuclear weapons.
: British and Americans commence the Bombing of Kure.
26: The Labour Party win the British general election by a landslide. Clement Attlee replaces Churchill as British Prime Minister and immediately flies to the negotiating table at Potsdam. The Potsdam Declaration is issued.
28: The Japanese battleships Haruna and Ise are sunk by aircraft from US Task Force 38 while in shallow anchorage at Kure Naval Base.
30: The USS Indianapolis is sunk shortly after midnight by a Japanese submarine after having delivered atomic bomb material to Tinian. Because of poor communications, the ship's whereabouts are unknown for some time and many of its men drown or are attacked by sharks in the next four days.
31: U.S. conducts air attacks on the cities of Kobe and Nagoya in Japan.
1: Ukrainian insurgents attack the police station in Baligrod, Poland. Polish soldiers defend the station, driving off the attackers, who torch several houses as they retreat
2: End of the Potsdam Conference: Issues such as the expulsion of Germans from the eastern quarter of Germany and elsewhere in eastern Europe are mandated in the Potsdam Agreement.
6: The B-29 bomber Enola Gay drops the first atomic bomb "Little Boy" on Hiroshima.
8: The Soviet Union declares war on Japan; the Soviet invasion of Manchuria begins about an hour later which includes landings on the Kuril Islands. The Japanese have been evacuating in anticipation of this.
9: The B-29 bomber Bockscar drops the second atomic bomb "Fat Man" on Nagasaki.
14: Japanese military personnel and right-wingers attempt to overthrow their government and prevent the inevitable surrender.
: The last day of United States Force combat actions. All units are frozen in place.
Eritrean newspaper of August 15, 1945 titles: "War is over"
15: Emperor Hirohito issues a radio broadcast announcing the Surrender of Japan; though the surrender seems to be "unconditional", the Emperor's status is still open for discussion.
: Victory over Japan Day celebrations take place worldwide.
16: Emperor Hirohito issues an Imperial Rescript ordering Japanese forces to cease fire.
The Fat Man mushroom cloud resulting from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rises 18 km (60,000 ft) into the air from the hypocentre.
17: Indonesia declares independence from Japan.
: General Order No. 1 for the surrender of Japan is approved by President Truman.
19: At a spontaneous non-communist meeting in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh and the Viet Minh assume a leading role in the movement to wrest power from the French. With the Japanese still in control of Indochina in the interim, Bảo Đại goes along because he thought that the Viet Minh were still working with the American OSS and could guarantee independence for Vietnam. Later, Ho Chi Minh's guerrillas occupy Hanoi and proclaim a provisional government.
: Hostilities between Chinese Nationalists and Chinese Communists break into the open.
22: Japanese armies surrender to the Red Army in Manchuria.
27: Japanese armies in Burma surrender at Rangoon ceremonies.
30: Royal Navy force under Rear-Admiral Cecil Harcourt liberates Hong Kong.
31: General MacArthur takes over command of the Japanese government in Tokyo.
2: The Japanese Instrument of Surrender is signed on the deck of the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay.
: The commander of the Imperial Japanese Army General Tomoyuki Yamashita surrenders to Filipino and American troops at Kiangan, Ifugao in Northern Philippines.
: Ho Chi Minh issues his Proclamation of Independence, drawing heavily upon the American Declaration of Independence from a copy provided by the Office of Strategic Services. Ho declares himself president of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and pursues American recognition but is repeatedly ignored by President Truman.
4: The last German troops surrender on Svalbard
5: Singapore is officially liberated by British and Indian troops.
6: The US Initial Post-Surrender Policy for Japan, which governs US policy in the occupation of Japan, is approved by Truman.
9: The Japanese troops in China formally surrender, end of the Second Sino-Japanese War. [9]
12: Japanese rule of Korea ends after Governor General Nobuyuki Abe stands down.
13: British forces under Major-General Douglas Gracey's 20th Indian Division, some 26,000 men in all, arrive in Saigon to disarm and accept the surrender of the Japanese Occupation Forces in Vietnam south of the 16th parallel. 180,000 Chinese Nationalist soldiers, mainly poor peasants, arrive in Hanoi to disarm and accept surrender north of the line. After looting Vietnamese villages during their entire march down from China, they then proceed to loot Hanoi.
16: The Japanese garrison in Hong Kong officially signs the instrument of surrender.
22: The British rearm 1,400 French soldiers from Japanese internment camps around Saigon. In Saigon, on the night of 24 September, a mob composed of Viet-Minh militants and sympathizers attacks French colonial administration and kills around 150 European civilians. An estimated 20,000 French civilians live in Saigon.
29: US General Robert Milchrist Cannon accepts the surrender of arms from Japanese Navy and Army soldiers on the islands of Miyako and Ishigaki at Sakishima Gunto.
1: In Southern Vietnam, a purely bilateral British/French agreement recognizes French administration of the southern zone. In northern Vietnam, Chinese troops go on a "rampage". Hồ's Việt Minh are hopelessly ill-equipped to deal with it.
The non fraternization directive for U.S. troops against German civilians was rescinded. Previously even speaking to a German could lead to court martial, except for "small children", these had been exempt in June 1945.
15: Former Prime Minister Pierre Laval is executed by the French Provisional Government.
25: General Rikichi Andō, governor-general of Taiwan and commander-in-chief of all Japanese forces on the island, turns over Taiwan to General Chen Yi of the Kuomintang (KMT) military. Chen Yi proclaims that day to be "Taiwan Retrocession Day" and organizes the island into Taiwan Province under the Republic of China.
20 Start of the Nuremberg War Crimes tribunal.
21 US Supreme Court Justice Robert H. Jackson opens for the prosecution with a speech lasting several hours, leaving a deep impression on both the court and the public.
26 The Hossbach Memorandum (of a conference in which Hitler explained his war plans) is presented.
29 The film "Nazi concentration camps" is screened.
30 Witness Erwin von Lahousen testifies that Keitel and von Ribbentrop gave orders for the murder of Poles, Jews, and Russian prisoners of war.
29: The prohibition against marriage between GIs and Austrian women was rescinded on November 29. Later it would be rescinded for German women too. Black soldiers serving in the army were not allowed to marry white women, (in the case that they remained in the army) so they were restricted until 1948 when the prohibition against interracial marriages was removed.
11 The film The Nazi Plan is screened, showing long-term planning and preparations for war by the Nazis.
28: The US Coast Guard was transferred under the US Treasury Department. [1]
31: The British Home Guard is disbanded.
The US prohibition against food shipments to Germany is rescinded. [10] "CARE Package shipments to individuals remained prohibited until 5 June 1946". [11]
Start of the ethnic cleansing of Germans from Central and eastern Europe. Up to 14 million people were expelled or killed. [ citation needed ]
A stamp issued in West Germany to commemorate the victims of the postwar ethnic cleansing.
3 Witness Otto Ohlendorf, former head of Einsatzgruppe D, detachedly admits to the murder of around 90,000 Jews.
Witness Dieter Wisliceny describes the organisation of RSHA Department IV-B-4, in charge of the Final Solution.
7 Witness and former SS-Obergruppenführer Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski admits to the organized mass murder of Jews and other groups in the Soviet Union.
28 Witness Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier, member of the French Resistance and concentration camp survivor, testifies on the Holocaust, becoming the first Holocaust survivor to do so.
11–12 Witness and former Field Marshal Friedrich Paulus, who had been secretly brought to Nuremberg, testifies on the question of waging a war of aggression.
14 The Soviet prosecutors try to blame the Katyn massacre on the Germans.
19 The film Cruelties of the German-Fascist Intruders, detailing the atrocities which took place in the extermination camps, is screened.
27 Witness Abraham Sutzkever testifies on the murder of almost 80,000 Jews in Vilnius by the Germans occupying the city.the afternoon of 1 October.[44]
8 The first witness for the defense testifies – former General Karl Bodenschatz.
13–22 Hermann Göring takes the stand.
11: Finnish president Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim resigns.
?: Hồ Chí Minh accepts an Allied compromise for temporary return of 15,000 French troops to rid the North of anti-Communists. British/Indian troops depart Vietnam and Nationalist Chinese troops flee to Taiwan, looting as they depart, leaving the war in Vietnam to continue with the conflict between the French and the Viet Minh. As World War II ends, starvation kills over 2 million Vietnamese.
15 Witness Rudolf Höss, former commandant of Auschwitz, confirms that Kaltenbrunner had never been there, but admits to having carried out mass murder.
29 The International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE), also known as the Tokyo Trials or the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal, is convened to try the leaders of the Empire of Japan for "Class A" crimes, which were reserved for those who participated in a joint conspiracy to start and wage war.
21 : Witness Ernst von Weizsäcker explains the German-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact of 1939, including its secret protocol detailing the division of Eastern Europe between Germany and the Soviet Union.
9: Victor Emmanuel III abdicates the Italian throne, one of the last Axis leaders left in power.
20 : Albert Speer takes the stand. He is the only defendant to take personal responsibility for his actions.
29: The defense for Martin Bormann testifies.
1–2 The court hears six witnesses testifying on the Katyn massacre; the Soviets fail to pin the blame for the event on Germany.
2 Admiral Chester W. Nimitz provides written testimony regarding attacks on merchant vessels without warning, admitting that Germany was not alone in these attacks, as the US did the same.
4 Final statements for the defense.
26 Final statements for the prosecution.
30 Start of the trial of the "criminal organizations".
4: Kielce pogrom, the last atrocity of the Holocaust.
29: Start of the 1946 Paris Peace Conference to end the state of war between the UN and the Axis nations besides Germany.
31 statements by the defendants.
1: The court adjourns.
30: September–1 October The sentencing occurs, taking two days, with the individual sentences read out on October 1
DÖNITZ: released 1956
FRANK: Death
FRICK: Death
FRITZSCHE: Acquitted
FUNK: released in 1957
GÖRING: Death
HESS: Life, committed suicide in 1987
JODL: Death
KALTENBRUNNER: Death
KEITEL: Death
NEURATH: released in 1954
PAPEN: Acquitted
RAEDER: released in 1955
RIBBENTROP: Death
ROSENBERG: Death
SAUCKEL: Death
SCHACHT: Acquitted
SCHIRACH: released 1966
SEYSS-INQUART: Death
SPEER: released 1966
STREICHER: Death
15: Two hours before his scheduled execution, Hermann Göring committed suicide. [12]
16 All other war criminals sentenced to death are hanged.
15 October: End of the Paris peace conference.
U.S.President Truman declares, "Although a state of war still exists, it is at this time possible to declare, and I find it to be in the public interest to declare, that hostilities have terminated. Now, therefore, I, Harry S. Truman, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim the cessation of hostilities of World War II, effective twelve o'clock noon, December 31, 1946."
The United Nations signs the Paris peace accords with Italy, Bulgaria, Finland, Hungary, and Romania, technically ending World War II for them.
Japanese "Class A" war criminals, including two former Prime Ministers, are put to death.
End of state of war with Germany was granted by the U.S. Congress, after a request by President Truman on 9 July. In the Petersberg Agreement of November 22, 1949 it was noted that the West German government wanted an end to the state of war, but the request could not be granted. The U.S. state of war with Germany was being maintained for legal reasons, and though it was softened somewhat it was not suspended since "the U.S. wants to retain a legal basis for keeping a U.S. force in Western Germany".
The Treaty of San Francisco ends the US and the British Commonwealth's of state of war with Japan.
The Oder-Neisse Line (click to enlarge)
End of occupation of West Germany. West Berlin remained as a special territory. The Eastern quarter of Germany remained annexed by the Allies, but Germany would not legally accept this as a fact until in 1970 when West Germany signed treaties with the Soviet Union (Treaty of Moscow) and Poland (Treaty of Warsaw) recognizing the Oder-Neisse line between Germany and Poland.
The mother of a prisoner thanks Konrad Adenauer upon his return from Moscow, September 14, 1955. Adenauer has succeeded in concluding negotiations about the release to Germany, by the end of the year, of 15,000 German civilians and prisoners of war.
Last major repatriation of German Prisoners of War and German civilians who were used as forced labor by the Allies after the war, in accordance with the agreement made at the Yalta conference. Most Prisoners of War held by the U.S., France, and the U.K. had been released by 1949.
Japan and the USSR, agree to sidestep territorial disputes over the Kuril Islands and issue a joint declaration, restoring diplomatic relations and ending de facto hostilities.
The last known Japanese holdout, Private Teruo Nakamura, a Taiwan-born soldier (Amis: Attun Palalin) is discovered by the Indonesian Air Force on Morotai, and surrenders to a search patrol. [13]
Rudolf Heß, the last prisoner held by the UN under the Nuremberg protocols, is found hanged in his room. Spandau Prison, where he was held alone for many years and one of the few remaining Four Power institutions in Germany, is demolished the same year.
The Showa Emperor, known in life as Hirohito, dies; he is the last Axis leader in power.
The United States, the USSR, the United Kingdom, and France, together with the governments of East and West Germany, sign the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, the final treaty ending the war, paving the way for German reunification. The Four Powers renounce all rights they formerly held in Germany, including those regarding the city of Berlin.
The Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany goes into effect. The nominal military occupation of Germany by the Four Powers—the last vestige of the World War II Allies—ends, and German sovereignty is restored.
Unexploded ordnance, such as mines and bombs, still turn up from time to time, and have, on rare occasions, caused death and injury. As of the start of 2018, there are still tens of thousands of veterans of the conflict still alive.
The last Belgian forces depart Germany in 2002. [14]
Strategic operations of the Red Army in World War II
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 "1945 Timeline". WW2DB. Retrieved 2011-02-09.
1 2 3 4 5 "Chronology of World War Two". andrew.etherington. Archived from the original on 2012-10-26. Retrieved 2015-01-19.
↑ "ConflictTimeLine". onwar.com. Retrieved 2015-03-09.
↑ Tony Long. Burning the Heart Out of the Enemy March 9, 2011, Wired Magazine.
↑ History of the Plutonium Production Facilities at the Hanford Site Historic District, 1943–1990 Retrieved April 27, 2007 Archived November 10, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
↑ "Doden op 7 mei 1945". Amsterdam City Archives. Archived from the original on 1 October 2011. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
↑ http://www.80thdivison.com/AfterActionReports/80th_TaskForceSmythe_Surrenderof6thGermanArmyatGarstanAustria_06-08MAY45.pdf
↑ Stanley (1997) Page 175.
↑ Act of Surrender, 9 September 1945 (page visited on 3 September 2015).
↑ The U.S. Army In The Occupation of Germany 1944–1946 by Earl F. Ziemke Footnotes to chapter 23, Further referenced to: (1) Memo, European Section Theater Group, OPD, for L & LD, sub: Establishment of Civilian Director of Relief, 8 Dec 45, in OPD, ABC 336 (sec. IV) (cases 155– ).
↑ The U.S. Army In The Occupation of Germany 1944–1946 by Earl F. Ziemke Footnotes to chapter 23, Further referenced to: (2) OMGUS, Control Office, Hist Br, History of U.S. Military Government in Germany, Public Welfare, 9 Jul 46, in OMGUS 21-3/5.
↑ "1946 Timeline". WW2DB. Retrieved 2011-02-09.
↑ "The Last Last Soldier?", Time, January 13, 1975
↑ Belga (30 December 2005). "La fin des forces belges en Allemagne: Soixante ans d'histoire" (PDF). Le Soir . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 25 June 2013.
Stanley, Peter (1997). Tarakan. An Australian Tragedy. Sydney: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86448-278-8.
Timeline of WWII World History Database
Timeline of WWII
Documents of World War II
World War II Timeline
Air warfare of World War II
Lend-Lease
Military production
Nazi plunder
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Puppet states
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Chinese famine of 1942–1943
Lower Dnieper
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Gilbert and Marshall Islands
Northern Burma and Western Yunnan
Changde
Bengal famine of 1943
Ruzagayura famine of 1943–1944
Monte Cassino / Shingle
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Mariana and Palau
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Philippines (1944–1945)
Burma (1944–1945)
Dutch famine of 1944–1945
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Western invasion of Germany
Italy (Spring 1945)
Syrmian Front
West Hunan
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Project Hula
Atomic bombings
Shumshu
Vietnamese famine of 1945
Surrender of Japan
End of World War II in Asia
World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries—including all the great powers—eventually formed two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. A state of total war emerged, directly involving more than 100 million people from more than 30 countries. The major participants threw their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind the war effort, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. World War II was the deadliest conflict in human history, marked by 70 to 85 million fatalities, most of whom were civilians in the Soviet Union and China. It included massacres, the genocide of the Holocaust, strategic bombing, premeditated death from starvation and disease, and the only use of nuclear weapons in war.
The European theatre of World War II was an area of heavy fighting across Europe, starting with Germany's invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 and ending with the United States, the United Kingdom and France conquering most of Western Europe, the Soviet Union conquering most of Eastern Europe and Germany's unconditional surrender on 8 May 1945. The Allied powers fought the Axis powers on two major fronts as well as in a strategic bombing offensive and in the adjoining Mediterranean and Middle East theatre.
The final battles of the European Theatre of World War II as well as the German surrender to the Allies took place in late April and early May 1945.
The Western Front was a military theatre of World War II encompassing Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Germany. World War II military engagements in Southern Europe and elsewhere are generally considered under separate headings. The Western Front was marked by two phases of large-scale combat operations. The first phase saw the capitulation of the Netherlands, Belgium, and France during May and June 1940 after their defeat in the Low Countries and the northern half of France, and continued into an air war between Germany and Britain that climaxed with the Battle of Britain. The second phase consisted of large-scale ground combat, which began in June 1944 with the Allied landings in Normandy and continued until the defeat of Germany in May 1945.
The German Instrument of Surrender was the legal document which effected the extinction of Nazi Germany and ended World War II in Europe. The definitive text was signed in Karlshorst, Berlin, on the night of 8 May 1945 by representatives of the three armed services of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW) and the Allied Expeditionary Force together with the Supreme High Command of the Soviet Red Army, with further French and US representatives signing as witnesses. The signing took place 9 May 1945 at 00:16 local time.
The Race to Berlin was a competition between two Soviet marshals, Georgy Zhukov and Ivan Konev, to be the first to enter Berlin during the final months of World War II.
The following events occurred in April 1945:
The end of World War II in Asia occurred on 2 September 1945, when armed forces of the Empire of Japan surrendered to the forces of the Allies. The surrender came almost four months after the surrender of the Axis forces in Europe and brought an end to World War II.
The Flensburg Government, also known as the Flensburg Cabinet, the Dönitz Government, or the Schwerin von Krosigk Cabinet, was the short-lived government of Nazi Germany during a period of three weeks around the end of World War II in Europe. The government was formed following the suicide of Adolf Hitler on 30 April 1945 during the Battle of Berlin. It was headed by Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz as the Reichspräsident and Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk as the Leading Minister.
The Courland Pocket was a group of German forces of Reichskommissariat Ostland on the Courland Peninsula that was cut off and surrounded by the Red Army from July 1944 through May 1945.
This is a timeline of events that stretched over the period of World War II. For events preceding September 1, 1939, see the timeline of events preceding World War II.
This is a timeline of events that stretched over the period of World War II.
This is a timeline of events that stretched over the period of World War II from 1941, marked also by the beginning of Operation Barbarossa on the Eastern Front.
This is a timeline of events that occurred during World War II in 1943.
This is a timeline of events that occurred during 1944 in World War II.
The following events occurred in May 1945:
The War That Came Early is a six-volume alternate history series by Harry Turtledove, in which World War II begins in 1938 over Czechoslovakia. The first volume, Hitler's War, was released in hardcover in 2009 without a series title. Subsequently, the paperback edition was announced as The War That Came Early: Hitler's War.
Events in the year 1943 in Germany.
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
|
Improves the geo-referencing of an ALS flight block based on pairwise affine strip transformations (cf. Module LSM).
The Module GeorefApprox allows to perform the geo-referencing of a set of ALS strips so that they are finally given in one common coordinate system. Therefore, a multi-strip adjustment is carried out where the pairwise relative orientation parameters resulting from a previous step are used as observations (e.g., this can be done by applying Module LSM to each overlapping strip pair).
The basic input for Module GeorefApprox is a list of relative transformation parameters as obtained by Module LSM. Of course, all ALS strips occurring in this list must be connected to each other by relative transformations (otherwise, multi-strip adjustment will fail). By default, all those strips will be used in adjustment. However, the user may define a subset of strips by specifying the parameter stripList.
In order to define the datum, 12 parameters are chosen and kept fixed. Therefore, one of the strips is declared as reference strip. By default, the most central strip - i.e. the strip whose centre of gravity (COG) is closest to the median position of all strips' COGs - is determined and selected as reference strip. However, a user-defined reference strip may be specified using the parameter fixedStrip.
The simplest way to define the datum is to keep one complete transformation-set fixed, i.e. to set the reference strip's transformation to identity transformation. In this case, however, residual errors stemming from the mounting calibration may - when performing adjustment without any control features - cause a shift which is linearly growing for each strip with its (across-flight-direction) distance from the central fixed strip.
In order to prevent the block from this 'affine drifting', zero-shift observations are introduced for the two peripheral strips (i.e. 6 shift components are observed 0). In this case, the datum definition requires 6 further constraints: therefore, it is sufficient that 2 rotation angles, 2 scales and 2 affinities are kept fixed in the reference strip's transformation.
The parameter sigmaShift specifies the standard deviation of additional zero-shift observations (recommended value: some dm). If sigmaShift = 0, no such observations are introduced to the adjustment and the identity transformation is assigned to the reference strip in order to fix the datum. If a positve value is specified, the additional shift observations apply to the two outermost strips of the block. In case sigmaShift is negative, the fictional zero-shift observations are applied to all strips of the block.
Specifies a list of relative strip transformation parameters usually determined by Module LSM. The transformation parameters are introduced as observations in a global strip adjustment. Secure that all strips are connected by relative transformations (no separated strip block) otherwise the adjustment will fail.
The results of the strip adjustment are the 12 parameters of an 3D affine transformation of each strip.
Per default all strips defined in the obsTrafPars list are used in the strip adjustment. In case of a given strip list only specified strips are processed. Estimation rule: All strips referenced in trafPars are used for the stripList.
Specifies which strip is fixed (reference strip) within the strip adjustment. Estimation rule: The most central strip given in stripList or trafPars (i.e. the strip having its centre of gravity closest to the median position of all used strips) is chosen as reference strip.
Specifies a sigma of artificial zero shift observations to avoid affine shifting caused by 'error propagation'. If sigmaShift == 0, additional shift observations are omitted (sigmaShift is set to zero).
If sigmaShift > 0, the shift components of two peripheral strips are observed as 0.0 +/- sigmaShift.
If sigmaShift < 0, the shift components of all strips are observed as 0.0 +/- sigmaShift.
The strip adjustment is a non-linear problem and therefore solved iteratively. If the adjustment doesn't converge (all absolute parameter updates are below convThreshold) within the maximum number of iterations, the result is rejected.
The strip adjustment iterations are repeated until the maximum absolute parameter update is below the specified threshold or the maximum number of iterations (cf. -maxIter) is reached.
If diagonal elements of a transformation Qxx matrix are zero, there are set to the given value to avoid the adjustment to fail.
As result, we obtain the grid models G111.tifs, G111_sigmaZ.tif, G111_excen.tif, G112.tif, G112_sigmaZ.tif, G112_excen.tif, G113.tif, G113_sigmaZ.tif, G113_excen.tif.
opalsAlgebra -inFile G111_sigmaZ.tif G111_excen.tif -outFile G111_mask.tif -formula "r<0.1 && r<0.8"
opalsAlgebra -inFile G112_sigmaZ.tif G112_excen.tif -outFile G112_mask.tif -formula "r<0.1 && r<0.8"
opalsAlgebra -inFile G113_sigmaZ.tif G113_excen.tif -outFile G113_mask.tif -formula "r<0.1 && r<0.8"
In the next step, we apply Module LSM to the pairs of neighbouring strips (using the grid masks, respectively), i.e. to pair G111/G112 and to pair G112/G113 in our case (G112 is situated between G111 and G113). We specify LSMpairs.xml as outParamFile, where all the relative transformation results are collected.
For further information on this, please refer to the section Parameter Mapping.
Note: For better readability, the values extracted from the XML result file have been rounded to 5 decimal places (affine 3x3-matrix) and 3 significant digits (shift components), respectively.
Ressl, C., Mandlburger, G. and Pfeifer, N., 2009. Investigating Adjustment Of Airborne Laser Scanning Strips Without Usage Of GNSS/IMU Trajectory Data. In: "ISPRS Workshop Laserscanning `09", IAPRS, Vol. XXXVIII, Part 3/W8 (2009), ISSN: 1682-1750; pp. 195 - 200.
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
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First-principles biosimulations have become an essential tool in the study of atoms and molecules and, increasingly, in modelling complex systems as those arising in biology. With the appearance of density-functional theory, and gradient-corrected exchange-correlation functionals, the ability to obtain an accurate enough solutions to the electronic Schrödinger equation for systems containing hundreds (or even thousands) of atoms has revolutionized biophysics and biochemistry. Biological systems exhibit a far higher degree of complexity than those studied in many other fields of physics. The sizes of the systems, long time scale of processes, the effect of the environment, and the range of intermolecular interactions provide challenging problems for the application of first-principles quantum mechanical simulations to biomolecular studies.
This thesis concentrates on first-principles electronic structure calculations of various biological systems and processes. The dynamics of the active center of myoglobin has been studied by means of Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics. Similar methodology has been used to investigate the effect of hydration of the L-alanine amino acid and to predict its actual structure in aqueous solution at finite temperature. The effect of the environment, and the actual structure of several biomolecules in water have been investigated by means of vibrational spectra calculations. Different continuum models have been employed in calculations of the vibrational absorption, vibrational dichroism, Raman and Raman optical activity spectra.
The treatment of large, biological systems, such as proteins in aqueous solution, entirely by ab initio methods is extremely expensive. The thesis demonstrates various approaches to overcome size and time scale limits. The work presented here is an example of how quantum mechanical techniques can successfully be applied to biologically relevant problems in rather large and complex systems.
K. J. Jalkanen, V. Würtz Jürgensen, and I. M. Degtyarenko, Linear response properties required to simulate vibrational spectra of biomolecules in various media: (R)-phenyloxirane (a comparative theoretical and spectroscopic vibrational study), Advances in Quantum Chemistry, Volume 50, pp. 91-124 (2005). [article1.pdf] © 2005 Elsevier Science. By permission.
I. Degtyarenko, R. M. Nieminen, and C. Rovira, Structure and dynamics of dioxygen bound to cobalt and iron heme, Biophysical Journal, Volume 91, Issue 6, pp. 2024-2034 (2006). [article2.pdf] © 2006 Biophysical Society. By permission.
I. M. Degtyarenko, K. J. Jalkanen, A. A. Gurtovenko, and R. M. Nieminen, L-alanine in a droplet of water: a density-functional molecular dynamics study, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Volume 111, Issue 16, pp. 4227-4234 (2007).
I. M. Degtyarenko, K. J. Jalkanen, A. A. Gurtovenko, and R. M. Nieminen, The aqueous and crystalline forms of L-alanine zwitterion, Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, in press. [article4.pdf] © 2007 by authors and © 2007 American Scientific Publishers (ASP). By permission.
K. J. Jalkanen, I. M. Degtyarenko, R. M. Nieminen, X. Cao, L. A. Nafie, F. Zhu, and L. D. Barron, Role of hydration in determining the structure and vibrational spectra of L-alanine and N-acetyl L-alanine N'methylamide in aqueous solution: a combined theoretical and experimental approach, Theoretical Chemistry Accounts, in press. [article5.pdf] © 2007 by authors and © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media. By permission.
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
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struct pairwise_dna_alignment {
dna_alignment_sequence_ptr a;
dna_alignment_sequence_ptr b;
double score;
pairwise_dna_alignment( dna_alignment_sequence_ptr na, dna_alignment_sequence_ptr nb, double s ) :
a(na),
b(nb),
score(s) {}
pairwise_dna_alignment() : score(0.0) {}
};
#endif
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
}
|
In the small town of Greenland, New Hampshire (population 3,653, based on the 2012 US Census estimates), on the day after Christmas 2013, a town employee opened an email indicating that they had received a voice message from AT&T … and infected the computers at the Town Hall with malicious software known as CryptoLocker.
CryptoLocker is a relatively new example of one of the fastest growing areas of cybercrime, referred to as ransomware – malware that takes a computer or its data hostage, so attackers can extort payment from their victims.
To date, CryptoLocker has been spread through fake emails such as the one received in Greenland; tracking notices from UPS and FedEx were especially popular during this recent holiday shopping season (I happen to have received several of those).
CryptoLocker is designed to find – and encrypt – your files, not only on your hard drive but also on any accessible external hard drives, USB drives, network drives, file shares, or cloud storage.
CryptoLocker uses very strong (RSA 2048) encryption to generate a public-private key pair for each infected system: the public key (which is used to encrypt your data), and a corresponding private key (which can be used to decrypt your data).
Victims of CryptoLocker see a pop-up screen that delivers the bad news: your data has been encrypted; to gain access to the single copy of the private key that will enable you to decrypt them, you have 100 hours to pay US$300 in an anonymous currency (e.g., BitCoin); non-payment or any attempt to remove CryptoLocker will automatically destroy the sole copy of the private key.
And now back to our discussion of what happened in Greenland, New Hampshire.
Unfortunately, the Town Administrator did not learn of the infection until December 30 … after the 100 hours had already expired. And just like that, the Town Administrator of Greenland, New Hampshire lost eight years of work.
No opportunity to weigh the cost of $300 of taxpayer money versus the cost of eight years of taxpayer-funded salary and benefits … no opportunity to ponder the policy of negotiating with terrorists … just gone. One will be left, one will be taken.
It really pains me to acknowledge it, but how very clever of the criminals to leverage the same encryption technologies that companies are using to protect their information, in combination with an encryption-based, government-free currency that provides a cloak of anonymity, to extract monetary value at arm's length from their victims – a brilliant sort of encryption jiu-jitsu.
Sources such as McAfee Labs predict that we will see significant growth in these types of exploits in 2014.
I still remain optimistic that technology such as DMARC will increasingly help to thwart the most common delivery mechanisms for malware such as CryptoLocker – e.g., see my blog Don't Click on That Cat! (24 October 2013).
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
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Genocide Against Bosniaks
Aggression Against BiH
Denial of Genocide
Genocide Remembrance
Srebrenica >
Chronology of Srebrenica Genocide
Commemoration of Srebrenica
Genocide Prevention Month
January 9: Beginning of Genocide Against Bosniaks
Bosnian American Library of Chicago >
Illinois Holocaust & Genocide Commission
News & Articles (in Bosnian)
Keraterm Concentration Camp in Prijedor
Recognition of Genocide Awareness and Prevention Month & In Remembrance of 21 years since the Beginning of the Siege of Sarajevo
Dan Drzavnosti
20 Years Since the Siege
Traveling Memorials: Crimes Against Children
The 17th Annual Commemoration of the Genocide in Srebrenica, Bosnia and Hercegovina
2012 Local Election in Srebrenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
"United to End Genocide" Event
BAGI Exhibition: Traveling Memorials
Ethnonacionalism and the Presents of Genocide Denial in Bosnia and Hercegovina: Obstacles for Existance
Demonstracije ispred BH Konzulata, 27 februar 2014 godine
With Šešelj's Release from the Hague, Can There be Justice on the Ground in Bosnia?
David Pettigrew, PhD
Professor of Philosophy, Southern Connecticut State University,
Member, Steering Committee, Yale University Genocide Studies Program,
International Team of Experts Institute for Research of Genocide Canada,
Board Member, Bosnian American Genocide Institute and Education Center, Chicago, IL
The recent release of ultranationalist demagogue Vojislav Šešelj1 from his detention at the Hague, for "compelling humanitarian reasons,"2 raises new questions about the legacy of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY). Šešelj is charged, for example, with having "made inflammatory speeches in the media" and with having "espoused and encouraged the creation of a homogeneous 'Greater Serbia,' by violence, and thereby participated in war propaganda and incitement of hatred towards non-Serb people."3 Upon his arrival in Belgrade following his release, Šešelj re-affirmed his commitment to pursuing a "Greater Serbia," and brazenly asserted that he would never return voluntarily to the Hague. In addition to his "extreme ethnic rhetoric," Šešelj is charged with "Persecutions" as a Crime Against Humanity, including murder, torture, and deportation.4
Photocredit: David Pettigrew
THE URGENT APPEAL BY INTERNATIONAL LAW EXPERTS REGARDING SERIOUS VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW IN GAZA
Acknowledging the longstanding commitment of the international community to peace and security, and to the protection of basic human rights and freedoms of every individual, regardless of his or her nationality, ethnic, or religious affiliation, it is imperative that the world recognize that massive human rights violations and monstrous atrocities are taking place in the territory of Gaza, particularly against women and children, and against civilians in general. These human rights violations and atrocities must cease immediately.
(For more, click here)
Prosecutor: Tomasica Findings to be Admitted into Mladic Case
The prosecution has indicated that the evidence from the mass grave in Tomasica near Prijedor will be tendered into evidence in the case against Ratko Mladic. A total of 470 bodies have been exhumed so far. The trial continued today with the evidence of the prosecution demography expert, Ewa Tabeau. According to the updated data presented by Tabeau, 6,745 victims from the Srebrenica mass graves were identified until the summer of 2013.
(To read more, please download attachment).
Why was Momcilo Perisic acquitted ?
The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia has acquitted on appeal Momcilo Perisic, former Chief of Staff of the Army of Yugoslavia (VJ), who had previously been sentenced to 27 years in prison for war-crimes in Croatia and Bosnia-Hercegovina. He was one of only six officials from Serbia-Montenegro ever indicted by the ICTY for war-crimes in Bosnia. He was the only member of the high command of the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) or VJ ever indicted for war-crimes in Croatia or Bosnia, and the only former JNA officer from Serbia or Montenegro of any rank ever indicted over Bosnia. His acquittal means that, to date, no official or army officer of Serbia-Montenegro and no member of the JNA or VJ high command has been convicted by the ICTY for war-crimes in Bosnia. By any standards, this represents a monumental failure on the part of the Tribunal. Precisely what kind of failure, and whether it is a failure of the Prosecution or the judges or both, is open to debate.
To read more, please click here.
tomasica.pdf
Cultural Indulgence: Looking Back on the Weekend
This past weekend, the Greater Toronto Area's Bosnian community got the opportunity to experience an afternoon indulging in local B&H cultural event. Bringing the community together was Zijad Burgic, for the book launch of his recently published book of poetry: Krpljenje ljudske duse.
But the spotlight was not his alone.
Sharing in the afternoon's creative events included three other Bosnian poets: local Bahra Pasic, flying in from Florida was Goran Simic and traveling from the state of Michigan was Sanela Cvrk Pargan. All three poets read from their published work, with select books available for purchase at the end. In addition to the poetry readings was a musical component, highlighting the beautiful BosnianFolklore dance group, Toronto's KUD Merak, lead by instructor Edita Sivic.
(To read more, click here).
Embracing Bosnian Culture: One Word at a Time
Culture. How one views it determines how one preserves it.
For Bosnians in the Greater Toronto Area, exposure to cultural endeavors can be limited, as few initiatives are made to target Bosnians of all ages, varying religious backgrounds and wide-ranging interests. It appears to be time for a change.
According to the 2011 Toronto Census, there is quite a community of individuals who list Bosnian as his/her mother tongue, totaling 1,030 people. How do we preserve this? How do we keep the youth and future generations interested in the Bosnian culture?
Writer and poet, Zijad Burgic, has the answer: through art and literature. Giving a voice through his poetry, Burgic has recently published his book "Krpljenje ljudske duše", which is now available for purchase. The introduction of his book has created a prime opportunity for GTA's Bosnian community to unite in the sharing of literature, a strong voice for culture, at his GTA book launch.
(To read more, please click here).
Zdravko Tolimir Sentenced to Life Imprisonment for Srebrenica and Žepa Crimes
Zdravko Tolimir, former Assistant Commander and Chief for Intelligence and Security of the Main Staff of the Bosnian Serb Army (VRS), was today sentenced to life imprisonment for genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes committed in 1995 after the fall of the enclaves of Srebrenica and Žepa, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
To lear more, please visit http://www.icty.org/sid/11175.
The Celebration of the 25th November-Day of B&H Statehood
Bosnia & Herzegovina- A Historic Fact
Prof. Dr. Smail Cekic
Bosnia and Herzegovina has been a region of encounter of different civilizations and cultures, which affected and left the trace on its political, social, and cultural development. All the available documents confirm the fact that Bosnia as a state, its people, territory, and borders have had a long historic and state-legal continuity. Around the mid 10th century, there was a state around the source and the upper flow of the Bosna river and surrounding areas known as Bosnia and its people known as Bosnians.
bosnia_and_hercegcovina_a_historic_fact.doc
Bosniaks, Muslims, Bosnians By Sanja Seferovic Drnovsek, J.D., MEd, Chair
Bosnian American Institute & Education Center
Whenever there is an article in newspapers about the nations who live in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is almost always about Bosnian Serbs, Bosnian Croats and Bosnian Muslims, i.e. about the Muslim-Croat Federation and the Serb Republic. Besides, my acquaintances here in Chicago often ask me how it is possible that I am a Bosniak, a Bosnian Muslim and Bosnian at the same time. For many it is a kind of a riddle.
bosniaks_muslims_bosnians.pdf
SNSD and SDP Agreement Threatens B&H's Sovereignty
This agreement clearly represents the biggest blow to the democratic, multiethnic, and civic future of Bosnia and Herzegovina since the Dayton Accords. With this agreement, all of the contentious issues regarding the authority of the central government are "solved" by transferring those authorities to the entities which are based on discriminatory ethnic divisions, thus severely undermining the statehood and sovereignty of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
agreement_between_snsd_and_sdp.pdf
A Culture of Genocide Denial by Suzana Vukic
We stood in the school yard of the Vuk Karadzic elementary school in Visegrad, a town in eastern Bosnia. Although the school year was over, there were a few kids out playing ball.
It seemed like a typical summer day in an average town. But there's nothing ordinary about Visegrad or this school. In 1992, at the start of the Bosnian War, Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims) were ethnically cleansed out of Visegrad by Bosnian Serb forces acting in conjunction with the Yugoslav National Army (JNA). Before the war, this school was called Hasan Veletovac. During the war, it served as a concentration camp, one of many in Visegrad where Bosniaks were imprisoned, raped, tortured and killed by Serb forces.
David Pettigrew, PhD Professor of Philosophy, Member of the International Expert Team of the Institute for Research of Genocide, Canada will participate in the election observation in Srebrenica
David Pettigrew, PhD Professor of Philosophy, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven and member of the International Expert Team of the Institute for Research of Genocide, Canada will be in Srebrenica for the election. Mr. David Pettigrew has been officially credentialed as an International Observer in Srebrenica by the Election Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina. As observer David Pettigrew will provide an impartial and accurate assessment of the nature of election processes for the benefit of the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, specially Srebrenica.
Protest Letter of the Victims of genocide in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the International League of Humanists
Dear Elisabeth Rehn, Zdravko Šurlan, Dubravka Šurlan, Jelena Šipka,
At the initiative of the Institute for Research of Genocide Canada and on behalf of the survivors and witnesses of the genocide and aggression against the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, we are strongly against the decision of the Council of the International League of Humanists, which granted the mayor of Prijedor Marko Pavic a golden plaque with the badge for alleged achievements in the work and development of local government in accordance with the European Charter of Local Self-Government.
Interview with David Pettigrew
A guest of "Al Jazeere" is an American professor David Pettigrew, who dedicated a great part of his research to the suffering of citizens of BiH in the previous war
To watch the interview, please click here.
Nedjo of Ljubuski - long documentary
The Duško Kondor Civil Courage Award is given to Nedeljko Neđo Galić from Ljubuški, posthumously, because he risked his own life every day expressing his civil courage from August 1993 as follows:
• In the face of the persecution and injustice perpetrated against members of other ethno-national groups in Ljubuški, he protested loud and clear, with the following words: "People, this is insane, this is a crime, you cannot do this!"
• Having learned that the only way out of the Heliodrom camp for his fellow citizens was a call from abroad, which most of them were not able to obtain, he persistently made false calls and released them from captivity, thereby saving at least 1,000 people from the camp - many of them indeed from death.
Click here to watch in full.
Chairman Smith Condemns Denial of Genocide in Bosnia, Urgest International Community to Respond
Responding to a statement by Serbia's newly elected President, Tomislav Nikolic, denying the 1995 Srebrenica genocide, Rep. Chris Smith (NJ-04), Chairman of the Helsinki Commission expressed his indignation at the offense given to the memory of the victims, and his concern at the destabilizing effect of Nikolic's remarks.
Ratko Mladic Trial at the Hague
The case in the war crimes trial of ex-Bosnian Serb commander General Ratko Mladic was suspended indefinitely on Thursday due to disclosure errors by prosecutors. The presiding judge, Alphons Orie, said he was delaying the war crimes tribunal because of "significant disclosure errors".
Not all the evidence was shared with the accused's defence team.
The second day of the trial had seen the focus shift towards the July 1995 massacre at Srebrenica. Mladic is accused of killing 7,000 Muslim men and young boys in the town. A mass grave was discovered outside the eastern enclave after the end of the Bosnian War.
(To read more, please download attachment.)
ratko_mladic_trial_at_hague1.pdf
Victory of Truth and Justice
Dear Dr. Lin,
On behalf of the survivors of the genocide and aggression that took place in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) and the 350,000 individuals of Bosnian descent that reside in North America, we welcome the decision of the San Jose Peace and Justice Center to cancel Michael Parenti's lecture on Thursday, May 31 2012. We appreciate your willingness to meet and take into account the stories of the Bosnian community members in California who are survivors of genocide and war crimes.
The decision that you have made is just and supports the peace and justice around the world. Thank you once again.
victory_of_truth_and_justice.pdf
Ideology of Genocide, Politics, and Practice of Pseudo Republic Srpska
The political project-Serb great state project-" All Serbs in one state" resulted in an internal crisis in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, destroyed a common state and escalated in an aggressive wars and genocide.
pseudo_state.pdf
Angelina Jolie, Bosnia in Her Heart
I witnessed a similar situation, forty years ago, in Bangladesh, when a Muslim chief of State, President Mujibur Rahman, made the courageous decision to declare birangona -- literally, national heroines -- the dozens of thousands of young women who had been raped by the ruffian soldiers of the Pakistani army and who, for that, had been outcasts not only of society but often of their own families as well. This, mutatis mutandis, is the gesture of Angelina Jolie. And it is what makes the sombre grandeur of her film.
A School No Longer Divided: Ethnic Groups Overcome Decades of Segregation in Bosnia-Herzegovina
February 13, 2012, Washington, D.C. - In collaboration with the U.S. Embassy in Sarajevo, American Councils for International Education just launched its newest program in Bosnia-Herzegovina, with the purpose of bringing together high school students from the Croat and Bosniak ethnic groups to share a classroom for the first time in 20 years.
Seven students from the Bosniak ethnic group and seven students from the Croat ethnic group are sharing a classroom and studying English language and American culture during this 27-week course. Bosniak and Croat teachers of English are working together to instruct the class for two hours per week using an "American-style" curriculum, which includes educational films, games, group activities, and individual presentations. American Councils is implementing this pilot project in two high schools in the town of Zepce, Bosnia-Herzegovina.
As a remnant of the Balkans Wars in the late 1990s, nearly 60 high schools in Bosnia-Herzegovina remain segregated along ethnic lines. Often referred to as "segregated schools" or "two schools under one roof," these high schools hold separate classes for Croats, Serbs, and Bosniaks. Students from different ethnic groups even enter the school through separate doors. This new program marks the first time students of different ethnic groups share a classroom and study together in a segregated school.
When asked about the anticipated effects of the new program, Lisa Fiala, American Councils' Regional Director for Southeast Europe, explained, "the unique ability of this program to bring together students from different ethnic groups, otherwise educated in segregated classrooms, while incorporating American-style teaching and learning, will prove invaluable and will serve to promote cooperation, interaction, and understanding among participants." After the successful implementation of the pilot project, there are plans are to expand the program to more schools and include other ethnic groups.
Click here to learn more about American Councils programs in Southeastern Europe: http://www.ac-see.org/.
(To read more, please download attachments.)
segregated_schools_project_1.jpg
A Miscarriage of Justice
After reading "Peace and Punishments" the sensation of "miscarriage of justice" overwhelmed me. Florence Hartman uses this term to describe the decision made by the Appeals Chamber of the United Nations Judicial body in 2006. This decision, was to forego a remedy for the error of the 3 judges of the International Tribune of Serbia in 2003 that made a secret agreement with Belgrade requesting protective measures for all the documents establishing that the Serbian State had authority over its partners in crime in Bosnia, protecting Serbia from genocide conviction, in which 5 judges of the International Court presided by Italian Fausto Polar confirmed the previous decision. Effectively making them willing partners in the manipulation organized by the government in Belgrade. They found new evidence that the decision from 2003 was "wrong as a matter of law", understanding that Belgrade was not attempting to protect its "national security" but instead to obstruct justice and its search for the truth. These events allowed information directly implicating the Serbian State in the war in Bosnia and the Srebrenica genocide to remain inaccessible to the ICJ and the public.
(To read more, please download attachment)
a_miscarriage_of_the_justice_by_sanja_s-d.pdf
A Statement by the Bosnian American Genocide Institute and Education Center on the Arrest of Ratko Mladic
The significance of the Serbian government's arrest of General Ratko Mladic as ordered by President Boris Tadic is enormous, as it enables the courts to start criminal proceedings against one of the worst war criminals. The indictment includes war crimes against humanity and international law during the aggression on Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995, as well as the genocide of Bosniaks in Srebrenica, where more than 8000 unarmed men and boys were killed and more than 25000 women, children, and elderly were expelled from their homes, all under direct orders from Mladic.
a_statement_by_the_bosnian_american_genocide_institute_and_education_center_on_the_arrest_of_ratko_mladic.pdf
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Historic Facts
This paper is intended to give contribution to the celebration of the 25th November – Day of Bosnia and Herzegovina statehood and, in this regard, it represents the objective scientific findings related to the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which confirms that Bosnia and Herzegovina is a permanent political, social, and historic category. Within the framework of the selected topic and the space, we shall present four major issues – social and scientific findings, such as: ZAVNOBiH (Anti-fascistic Council of the National Defense of Bosnia and Herzegovina) and its historic relevance, Communists and the issue of Bosniac ethnicity, Restoration and the escalation of the Great Serbian movement, and Planning of crimes and defense of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
bosnia_and_herzegovina__historic_facts_by_smail_cekic.pdf
Dayton in Bosnia and Herzegovina: 15 years after – Experiment in Democratic Governance
Comparing Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia) and the U.S. in terms of governance and public policy is a very challenging task even though some of the key elements of Bosnia's political, legal, economic and judicial systems were created by the U.S. administration. In terms of evaluating the current system of Bosnia and Herzegovina it is important to review the United States' system of governance and its basic democratic principles. The long term success of the US style of democratic governance can also be attributed to years of trial and error attempts and a somewhat bloody history of civil rights for all American citizens. Bosnia and Herzegovina's current political and legal system is a result of a war which ravaged the country and the hastily constructed Dayton Peace accord. Even one of the main creators and chief negotiators during the negotiations, the now late Richard Holbrooke, acknowledged the shortfalls of the Dayton Peace agreement regretting not to have made "a stronger effort to drop the name Republika Srpska" and further clarifying that the US administration "underestimated the value to Pale of retaining their blood-soaked name" (Holbrooke, 1999, p. 135).
dayton_in_bosnia_and_herzegovina-_15_years_after_experiment_in_democratic_governance_by_haris_alibasic.pdf
Joint Press Release Regarding the Case of Milenko Krstic
Congress of North American Bosniaks (CNAB) , the Canadian Institute for Research of Genocide and the Bosnian-American Genocide Institute and Education Center (BAGI) are disappointed with the extremely lenient decision by the U.S. court regarding the case of Milenko Krstic, a Bosnian Serb and the father of a former Miss Oregon who lied about his army service during the war in Bosnia when he applied for asylum in the United States. Krstic has been sentenced to only one year of probation, the most lenient federal sentence for a felony crime last week.
joint_press_release_regarding_the_case_of_milenko_krstic.docx
Mladic was the link between the graves and the Serbian (Milosevic's) palace
Excerpts from an exclusive interview with Florence Hartman (done by Maja Kassa, her associate) for the Bosnian-American Genocide Institute and Education Center (BAGI). The complete interview in Bosnian can be found on the Bosnian library's website www.bosnianamericanlibrarychicago.com.
mladic_was_the_link_between_the_graves_and_the_serbian_milosevics_palace.pdf
My Experience With Egypt's Central Security Forces
Since Tuesday evening's escalating protests in Egypt, my friends have been contacting me about my Facebook video and photo re-postings of the demonstrations. They are confused about what is happening and why. After all, for many of them Egypt is a tourist friendly destination offering the best of its ancient past wrapped in five-star luxury. Yet, the situation in Egypt has always been complex and the depth of the Egyptian people's anger at its government is difficult to convey in simple a Facebook post. The fundamental problem is decades of life without personal freedoms; the lack of freedom of speech, assembly, association, press, and religion. The government enforced that through menacing totalitarianism.
(To read more, please click here)
On the Eve of the Egyptian Coptic Christmas: A Plea for Muslim-Christian Relations
On the eve of the Egyptian Coptic Christmas this January 7, I am in pain as I think of the Church of the Two Saints in eastern Alexandria, Egypt, the site of a New Years Day suicide bombing that killed twenty-three and wounded seventy-nine. It was the latest in a recent spate of violent attacks against Christian communities throughout the Middle East. (About ten percent of Egypt's 80 million residents are Coptic Christians. (A recent Time magazine article about the Two Saints bombing is "After Bombing, Egypt's Christians Worship and Worry.")
The Practice of the International Court Of Justice – Legal or Political?
In reference to the practice of the International Court of Justice, we have frequent serious and sensitive scientific debates leading to significant dilemmas for both scientific workers – scholars and the professionals but also some social and political subjects. One of the dilemmas, for example, may be formulated in a question - is it a legal or political practice, which serves as the fundament of the approach in the work of the International Court of Justice. One of the apparent examples, which started the serious debate and division and the judiciary practice is the Judgment of the International Court of Justice in the case Bosnia and Herzegovina vs. Serbia and Montenegro of 26 February 2007.
the_practice_of_the_international_court_of_justice__legal_or_political
File Type: the practice of the international court of justice – legal or political
The Weight of War Crimes
The film "The Weight of Chains", by Serbian-Canadian filmmaker Boris Malagurski, is yet another of a series of films that seeks to hide Serbian responsibility for the bloody Balkan wars of the last century"s final decade. Besides this film, others that fall into this category include documentaries by the Norwegian authors Ole Flyum and David Hebditch. The films "The city that could be sacrificed" – about Srebrenica, and "Traces from Sarajevo" – about Al-Qaeda in Sarajevo, were aired recently on Norwegian national television. Also worth mentioning is the documentary "An agreed-upon war", recently aired on Serbian television. Although "The Weight of Chains" actually premiered last year in Subotica, these days it"s being aggressively promoted on the internet. This is most likely in response to the media highlighting the July 11th commemoration of the Srebrenica Genocide.
the_weight_of_war_crimes_by_zijad_burgic.pdf
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The End Is Here: Voltron Season 8 Trailer Has Arrived
Posted by Jamie Sugah On November 29, 2018 0 Comment
All good things must come to an end, and this girl will tearfully bid farewell to Voltron Legendary Defender when the eighth and final season premieres December 14. But until then, I'm going to drive myself crazy analyzing every frame from the Voltron season 8 trailer, which dropped this morning.
There is a lot going on in the Voltron season 8 trailer. It's the final season, and the stakes have never been higher. As Allura's voice is heard at one point, this is literally a fight for all of existence. After all, Voltron is the defender of the universe. As usual with trailers, things go by super fast, and I wasn't able to catch everything, but that's what Tumblr is for! (Although I'm seeing images that I'm not for the life of me able to catch in the trailer, someone tell me what's going on! Like this shot. WHERE IS THIS?)
For the most part, the Voltron season 8 trailer was a retrospective. The first half featured scenes from earlier seasons and voiceovers from each of the characters leading up to the grand declaration that THE END IS HERE, something Voltron fans like myself are still trying to come to terms with.
You may have noticed that Haggar was absent during season 7, which focused on the Paladins returning to Earth and dealing with a Galra invasion. But we all knew she was still out there, and odds are good that she'll be the primary antagonist of the final season. The Voltron season 8 trailer showed her briefly, attacking the original Paladins, so it seems like we'll get more backstory as well. (Lotor continues to be MIA, but I don't for one second believe we've seen the last of him.)
Season 8 will be the culmination of everything, and with it being the final season, all bets are off. There are a few shots in the trailer that have me monumentally worried for the fate of the characters (terrifying!). I hope that they won't kill off any of the mains (especially considering the massive amount of people who died when the Earth was invaded), but honestly I wouldn't put anything past TPTB for the last season. Yet at the same time, we'll finally get to see some things that have been a long time coming. For example, Allura and her Altean magic, which will hopefully be explored in greater detail in the upcoming thirteen episodes.
Though the trailer does a great job of hyping me up, it has precious little in the way of actual info, which isn't that surprising. Considering that this is the final season, I imagine they want to keep things close to their chest. I'm still digging into the analysis, but there isn't much to go on. Stuff blows up, the Paladins are fighting, people are getting attacked. It's much more exciting than I'm making it sound, but watch the trailer and judge for yourself!
Voltron season 8 premieres December 14 on Netflix.
Author: Jamie Sugah
Jamie has a BA in English with a focus in creative writing from The Ohio State University. She self-published her first novel, The Perils of Long Hair on a Windy Day, which is available through Amazon. She is currently an archivist and lives in New York City with her demon ninja vampire cat. She covers television, books, movies, anime, and conventions in the NYC area.
Ten Infamous Pieces of Fandom Lore
Geekiary Anniversary Day Five: 5 Tropes We Hope End Soon
Comic Con Honolulu: Another Geek Year In Queer
SheithCon: Voltron Fans Organize Fan Meet Up, Get Threats In Response
TOPICS Voltronvoltron legendary defender
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<html>
<head>
<script src="../lib/thirdparty/require.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Loader Test Page</h1>
<div id='version'></div>
<div id='fps'></div>
<div id='stage'></div>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript">
require(["../lib/enlil", "../lib/actor", "../lib/effects"], function(Enlil, Actors, Effects) {
var advance = function() {
Enlil.drawFrame();
Enlil.tick();
fps.innerHTML = 'FPS: ' + Enlil.fps;
};
var clickHandler = function (event) {
var target = event.target || event.srcElement;
var pageX = event.pageX;
var pageY = event.pageY;
var pirLoc;
var dir;
if(pageX == undefined) {
pageX = event.clientX + document.body.scrollLeft;
pageY = event.clientY + document.body.scrollTop;
}
console.log("CLICK!!! X:" + pageX + " Y: " + pageY);
var collisions = Actors.getCollisionsWithinRect(pageX, pageY, 10, 10);
for(var i=0; i<collisions.length; i++)
{
/* Skip collisions with backdrop */
if(collisions[i] !== 0)
{
console.log("Collision with " + collisions[i].name);
collisions[i].addTimedEffect(Effects.invert,
(new Date).getTime(),
5, 1, 2);
}
}
}
var run = function () {
Enlil.startFPS();
Enlil.registerRunLoop(advance);
Enlil.addEventHandler(document, "click", clickHandler)
Enlil.start();
};
require(['../lib/domReady'], function (domReady) {
domReady(function () {
/* package is defined in testpackage.json file. */
Enlil.loadPackage("testpackage.json", 'stage', run);
});
});
});
</script>
</html>
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People really love In-N-Out. People really love beer. The desire to combine the two is understandable -- commendable even. But if there's one thing companies really don't love, it's the use of intellectual property without permission. Because of this, the holy union of In-N-Out and beer will have to be deferred.
That bold brewer attempting this was San Francisco's Seven Stills, which regularly releases out limited-edition beers. For instance, Seven Stills was planning to release a Neapolitan milkshake stout with the punny title "In-N-Stout." Which, fun! The brewery posted an Instagram of a can with the burger joint's famous red-and-white color scheme plus palm trees that would look right at home with the rest of In-N-Out's menu.
But In-N-Out's legal department took notice before long.
And while cease-and-desist letters are famously unchill, the tone of this one was super-friendly and included at least nine puns, in the spirit of the brew it was addressing.
"Please understand that use of our marks by third parties ales us to the extent that this could cause confusion in the marketplace or prevent us from protecting our marks in the future," the letters says. "We hope you appreciate, however, that we are attempting to clearly distill our rights by crafting an amicable approach with you, rather than barrel through this."
We count 9. Can you find them all?
Obert told SF Gate that Seven Stills was actually expecting the letter (though presumably the puns were unexpected), and that the cease and desist would be honored. The beer will get its release Thursday with a different label.
To be clear, none of this forbids you from drinking the beer while you eat In-N-Out.
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Football Logos
Actual, original, quality
Original Logos
HD Logos
Deportivo Alavés Logo
Published in Deportivo Alavés Logo
Deportivo Alavés, S.A.D., usually abbreviated to Alavés, is a Spanish football club based in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Álava, in the autonomous community of the Basque Country. Founded on 23 January 1921 as Sport Friends Club, it plays in the highest football category of The Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional, La Liga, since the 2016–17 season.
It is recognized as the third most successful team in the Basque Country following Athletic Club of Bilbao and Real Sociedad de Futbol of San Sebastián. Its biggest success was in 2001 when, in the year of its debut in European competition, it was one of the finalists in the 2001 UEFA Cup Final against Liverpool, being defeated 5–4 by golden goal. In 2017, the club reached the final of the Copa del Rey, losing out 3–1 to Barcelona.
The team's home kit is blue and white-striped shirt, blue shorts and white socks. It holds home matches at the 19,800-seater Mendizorrotza Stadium and uses other facilities located in Ibaia dedicated to training. Source: Wikipedia
badge, badges, team, teams, league, leagues, vector, svg, ai, crest, crests, emblem, emblems, football logo, football logos, free, logo, logos, png, shield, shields,
© All rights reserved. | Logofootball.Net
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Q: Change Item title OnMenuItemClick programmatically I've set up a popup menu and setted an onMenuItemClickListener all fine, I want to have a 'Block' item in the menu and when clicked it should change its title (or set visibility to gone) to 'Unblock', I'll be grateful for any help .
A: In the onMenuItemClickListener method you should write following piece of code and you're done.
if(item.getVisibility==View.VISIBLE) {
item.setVisibility(View.GONE)
} else {
item.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE)
}
A: Support that you have a menu file in res/menu folder.
main_menu.xml
<menu xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<item
android:id="@+id/item_block"
android:title="Block"/>
</menu>
MainActivity.java
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main_menu, menu);
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
switch (item.getItemId()) {
case R.id.item_block:
// Set title to "Unblock"
item.setTitle("UnBlock");
// Or set visibility to GONE
// item.setVisible(false);
return true;
default:
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}
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Q: Wpf, AvalonEdit and keyboard navigation problem I have an AvalonEdit on my window. When I press key combination Ctrl+Up or Ctrl+Down when inside editor, AvalonEdit loses focus, which is transferred to a different control, as below:
This sometimes happen as well when using Ctrl+Left or Ctrl+Right combinations.
My current XAML definition looks like following:
<ae:TextEditor x:Name="teEditor"
Grid.Row="0"
Grid.Column="0"
VerticalAlignment="Stretch"
HorizontalAlignment="Stretch"
BorderThickness="0"
FontFamily="Consolas"
FontSize="10pt"
TabIndex="0"
WordWrap="{Binding ElementName=Root, Path=Handler.WordWrap}"
ShowLineNumbers="{Binding ElementName=Root, Path=Handler.LineNumbers}"
ContextMenu="{StaticResource EditorContextMenu}"
GotFocus="HandleEditorGotFocus"
KeyboardNavigation.ControlTabNavigation="None"
KeyboardNavigation.AcceptsReturn="True"
KeyboardNavigation.DirectionalNavigation="None"
KeyboardNavigation.TabNavigation="None"/>
How can I prevent that?
A: It turns out, that problem appears, when you place AvalonEdit inside TabControl. In such case you have to disable keyboard navigation on the TabControl by adding:
KeyboardNavigation.TabNavigation="Local" KeyboardNavigation.DirectionalNavigation="Contained"
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For example, ecommerce companies will likely want a chatbot that can display products, handle shipping questions, but a healthcare chatbot would look very different. Also, while most chatbot software is continually upping the AI-ante, a company called Landbot is taking a different approach, stripping away the complexity to help create better customer conversations.
If the success of WeChat in China is any sign, these utility bots are the future. Without ever leaving the messaging app, users can hail a taxi, video chat a friend, order food at a restaurant, and book their next vacation. In fact, WeChat has become so ingrained in society that a business would be considered obsolete without an integration. People who divide their time between China and the West complain that leaving this world behind is akin to stepping back in time.
Improve loyalty: By providing a responsive, efficient experience for customers, employees and partners, a chatbot will improve satisfaction and loyalty. Whether your chatbot answers questions about employees' corporate benefits or provides answers to technical support questions, users can come away with a strengthened connection to your organization.
"Today, chat isn't yet being perceived as an engagement driver, but more of a customer service operation[…]" Horwitz writes for Chatbots Magazine. "Brands and marketers can start collecting data around the engagement and interaction of end users. Those that are successful could see higher brand recognition, turning user-level mobile moments into huge returns."
Have you checked out Facebook Messenger's official page lately? Well, now you can start building your own bot directly through the platform's landing page. This method though, may be a little bit more complicated than some of the previous ways we've discussed, but there are a lot of resources that Facebook Messenger provides in order to help you accomplish your brand new creation. Through full-fledged guides, case studies, a forum for Facebook developers, and more, you are sure to be a chatbot creating professional in no time.
Morph.ai is an AI-powered chatbot. It works across messengers, websites, Android apps, and iOS apps. Morph.ai lets you automate up to 70 percent of your customer support. It can also integrate with your existing CRM and support tools. Plus, it can learn new queries and responses over time. You can add cards, carousels, and quick replies to enrich your conversations. It looks like this
Chattypeople is the best chatbot platform for creating an AI chatbot on Facebook with integrated Facebook commerce. With Chattypeople you can create a Facebook message both quickly and easily, no coding required. The platform's simplicity makes it ideal for entrepreneurs and marketers in smaller companies, while its technology makes it suitable for enterprise customers. You can make a simple bot answering customer service questions or integrate it with Shopify to monetize your Facebook fan pages. ChattyPeople is where f-commerce and ai-commerce come together. Chattypeople is 100% free to get started.
Most chatbots try to mimic human interactions, which can frustrate users when a misunderstanding arises. Watson Assistant is more. It knows when to search for an answer from a knowledge base, when to ask for clarity, and when to direct you to a human. Watson Assistant can run on any cloud – allowing businesses to bring AI to their data and apps wherever they are.
Ein Chatterbot, Chatbot oder kurz Bot ist ein textbasiertes Dialogsystem, welches das Chatten mit einem technischen System erlaubt. Er hat je einen Bereich zur Textein- und -ausgabe, über die sich in natürlicher Sprache mit dem dahinterstehenden System kommunizieren lässt. Chatbots können, müssen aber nicht in Verbindung mit einem Avatar benutzt werden. Technisch sind Bots näher mit einer Volltextsuchmaschine verwandt als mit künstlicher oder gar natürlicher Intelligenz. Mit der steigenden Computerleistung können Chatbot-Systeme allerdings immer schneller auf immer umfangreichere Datenbestände zugreifen und daher auch intelligente Dialoge für den Nutzer bieten. Solche Systeme werden auch als virtuelle persönliche Assistenten bezeichnet.
Niki is a personal assistant that has been developed in India to perform an impressively wide variety of tasks, including booking taxis, buses, hotels, movies and events, paying utilities and recharging your phone, and even organizing laundry pickup and delivery. The application has proven to be a huge success across India and won the Deep Tech prize at the 2017 AWS Mobility Awards.
A basic SMS service is available via GitHub to start building a bot which uses IBM's BlueMix platform which hosts the Watson Conversation Services. A developer can import a workspace to setup a new service. This starts with a blank dashboard where a developer can import all the tools needed to run the conversation service. The services has a dialog flow – a series of options with yes/no answers that the service uses to work out what the user's intent is, what entity it's working on, how to respond and how to phrase the response in the best way for the user.
A toolkit can be integral to getting started in building chatbots, so insert, BotKit. It gives a helping hand to developers making bots for Facebook Messenger, Slack, Twilio, and more. This BotKit can be used to create clever, conversational applications which map out the way that real humans speak. This essential detail differentiates from some of its other chatbot toolkit counterparts.
The chatbot uses keywords that users type in the chat line and guesses what they may be looking for. For example, if you own a restaurant that has vegan options on the menu, you might program the word "vegan" into the bot. Then when users type in that word, the return message will include vegan options from the menu or point out the menu section that features these dishes.
Magic, launched in early 2015, is one of the earliest examples of conversational commerce by launching one of the first all-in-one intelligent virtual assistants as a service. Unique in that the service does not even have an app (you access it purely via SMS), Magic promises to be able to handle virtually any task you send it — almost like a human executive assistant. Based on user and press accounts, Magic seems to be able to successfully carry out a variety of odd tasks from setting up flight reservations to ordering hard-to-find food items.
"There is hope that consumers will be keen on experimenting with bots to make things happen for them. It used to be like that in the mobile app world 4+ years ago. When somebody told you back then… 'I have built an app for X'… You most likely would give it a try. Now, nobody does this. It is probably too late to build an app company as an indie developer. But with bots… consumers' attention spans are hopefully going to be wide open/receptive again!" — Niko Bonatsos, Managing Director at General Catalyst
Clare.AI is a frontend assistant that provides modern online banking services. This virtual assistant combines machine learning algorithms with natural language processing. The Clare.AI algorithm is trained to respond to customer service FAQs, arrange appointments, conduct internal inquiries for IT and HR, and help customers control their finances via their favorite messaging apps (WhatsApp, Facebook, WeChat, etc.). It can even draw a chart showing customers how they've spent their money.
Need a Facebook bot? Well, look no further, as Chatfuel makes it easy for you to create your own Facebook and Telegram Chatbot without any coding experience necessary. It works by letting users link to external sources through plugins. Eventually, the platforms hope to open itself to third-party plugins, so anyone can contribute their own plugins and have others benefit from them.
Your bot can use other AI services to further enrich the user experience. The Cognitive Services suite of pre-built AI services (which includes LUIS and QnA Maker) has services for vision, speech, language, search, and location. You can quickly add functionality such as language translation, spell checking, sentiment analysis, OCR, location awareness, and content moderation. These services can be wired up as middleware modules in your bot to interact more naturally and intelligently with the user.
However, the revelations didn't stop there. The researchers also learned that the bots had become remarkably sophisticated negotiators in a short period of time, with one bot even attempting to mislead a researcher by demonstrating interest in a particular item so it could gain crucial negotiating leverage at a later stage by willingly "sacrificing" the item in which it had feigned interest, indicating a remarkable level of premeditation and strategic "thinking."
Polly may be a business-focused application, but the chatbot is designed to improve workplace happiness. Using surveys and feedback, managers can keep track of how effectively their teams are working and address problems before they escalate. This doesn't only mean organizations will run more productively, but that workers will be happier in their jobs.
Conversational bots "live" online and give customers a familiar experience, similar to engaging an employee or a live agent, and they can offer that experience in higher volumes. Conversational bots offer scaling—or the capability to perform equally well under an expanding workload—in ways that human can't, assisting businesses to reach customers in a way they couldn't before. For one, businesses have created 24/7/365 online presence through conversational bots.
Endurance is a companion chatbot that uses neurolinguistics programming (better known as NLP) to have friendly conversations with suspected patients with Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia. It uses AI technology to maintain a lucid conversation while simultaneously testing the human user's ability to remember information in different ways. The chatbot encourages the user to talk about their favorite activities, memories, music, etc. This doesn't just test the person's memory but actively promotes their ability to recall.
Marketing teams are increasingly interested in leveraging branded chatbots, but most struggle to deliver business value. My recently published report, Case Study: Take A Focused And Disciplined Approach To Drive Chatbot Success, shows how OCBC Bank in Singapore is bucking the trend: The bank recently created Emma, a chatbot focused on home loan leads, which […]
Chatbots and virtual assistants (VAs) may be built on artificial intelligence and create customer experiences through digital personas, but the success you realize from them will depend in large part on your ability to account for the real and human aspects of their deployment, intra-organizational impact, and customer orientation. Start by treating your bots and […]
Along with the continued development of our avatars, we are also investigating machine learning and deep learning techniques, and working on the creation of a short term memory for our bots. This will allow humans interacting with our AI to develop genuine human-like relationships with their bot; any personal information that is exchanged will be remembered by the bot and recalled in the correct context at the appropriate time. The bots will get to know their human companion, and utilise this knowledge to form warmer and more personal interactions.
There are several defined conversational branches that the bots can take depending on what the user enters, but the primary goal of the app is to sell comic books and movie tickets. As a result, the conversations users can have with Star-Lord might feel a little forced. One aspect of the experience the app gets right, however, is the fact that the conversations users can have with the bot are interspersed with gorgeous, full-color artwork from Marvel's comics.
Yes, witty banter is a plus. But, the ultimate mission of a bot is to provide a service people actually want to use. As long as you think of your bot as just another communication channel, your focus will be misguided. The best bots harness the micro-decisions consumers experience on a daily basis and see them as an opportunity to help. Whether it's adjusting a reservation, updating the shipping info for an order, or giving medical advice, bots provide a solution when people need it most.
Chatbots have been adequately utilized in client backing and lead age. Each client backing, promoting and deals instrument has begun investigating chatbots to diminish human endeavors. We will utilize Kommunicate fueled talk module for adding to site which coordinates well with Dialogflow. Need help? Call us today! We have talked a lot about chatbots for customer ...
A chatbot (also known as a talkbots, chatterbot, Bot, IM bot, interactive agent, or Artificial Conversational Entity) is a computer program or an artificial intelligence which conducts a conversation via auditory or textual methods.[1] Such programs are often designed to convincingly simulate how a human would behave as a conversational partner, thereby passing the Turing test. Chatbots are typically used in dialog systems for various practical purposes including customer service or information acquisition. Some chatterbots use sophisticated natural language processing systems, but many simpler systems scan for keywords within the input, then pull a reply with the most matching keywords, or the most similar wording pattern, from a database.
It didn't take long, however, for Turing's headaches to begin. The BabyQ bot drew the ire of Chinese officials by speaking ill of the Communist Party. In the exchange seen in the screenshot above, one user commented, "Long Live the Communist Party!" In response, BabyQ asked the user, "Do you think that such a corrupt and incompetent political regime can live forever?"
2010 SIRI: Though Siri is considered colloquially to be a virtual assistant rather than a conversational bot, it was built off the same technologies and paved the way for all later AI bots and PAs. Siri is an intelligent personal assistant with a natural language UI to respond to questions and perform web-based service requests. Siri was part of apples IOS.
Build a bot directly from one of the top messaging apps themselves. By building a bot in Telegram, you can easily run a bot in the application itself. The company recently open-sourced their chatbot code, making it easy for third-parties to integrate and create bots of their own. Their Telegram API, which they also built, can send customized notifications, news, reminders, or alerts. Integrate the API with other popular apps such as YouTube and Github for a unique customer experience.
SEO has far less to do with content and words than people think. Google ranks sites based on the experience people have with brands. If a bot can enhance that experience in such a way that people are more enthusiastic about a site – they share it, return to it, talk about it, and spend more time there, it will affect positively how the site appears in Google.
Short for chat robot, a computer program that simulates human conversation, or chat, through artificial intelligence. Typically, a chat bot will communicate with a real person, but applications are being developed in which two chat bots can communicate with each other. Chat bots are used in applications such as ecommerce customer service, call centers and Internet gaming. Chat bots used for these purposes are typically limited to conversations regarding a specialized purpose and not for the entire range of human communication.
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Artists register here to be a part of our Plugged In program! Let Life Is Art book you to paying gigs. There is no fee for this service. All you have to do to be included is fill out the form below.
– Live Visual Art Creation: painting, sculpting, graffiti.
– Performing Artists: fire dancers, stilt walkers, costumed creations.
– Musicians: Caribbean, jazz, soul, acoustic, rock, classic, alternative, DJs.
– Dancers: Hip Hop, Latin, Modern, Ballet, Go-Go, Interpretive.
– Curation: visual art exhibitions for office or business space.
– Production & Operations: Stage Managers, Stage Hands, Sound & Lighting Engineers.
– Equipment Rental: Sound, Lighting, Stages, etc.
You may attach up to 5 images. Images must be smaller that 1 MB and JPG format.
By agreeing to set up with Life Is Art, the above agrees to protect, keep and save Life Is Art and the client, and all their officers and staff, forever harmless from any damage, loss, cost, liability, or expense that arises from their being at this event. This agreement covers full setup, run of the event, and takedown.
Life Is Art reserves the right to refuse entrance or participation as allowed by law.
* I have read and understood and agree to all of the above.
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* By typing my name above, I certify that this signifies a signature of agreement.
Click the SEND button only ONCE. Shortly after you send the form, you will receive an automated confirmation email.
Please note, Life Is Art is not a management service. Our "Plugged In" program is a matchmaking service. We match artists with opportunities. We do not take a percentage of your fee, also we take on no obligation to pursue bookings for any specific artist. We will work with as many artists as possible, but do not guarantee any matches.
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This week's Live Lunch is sponsored by the Frazier Kentucky History Museum.
Who's ready for a road trip of historic proportions? This week we take Live Lunch on the road to the Frazier History Museum at 829 West Main Street for a special Spring Membership Drive performance with the fabulous Bee Taylor! We'd love for you to join us there! Parking information is provided below.
Somewhere between Tom Waits and Amy Winehouse lies the enticing sound of Bee Taylor. We're excited to have the Nashville based artist join us for a special Spring Membership Drive Live Lunch. We can guarantee this will be one unforgettable performance! Check out her latest single, Primitive Nature, for a preview. Don't forget to show your support for Live Lunch with your show of support this Spring Drive!
Via Main St: turn right onto 9th Street and the parking lot it is at the bottom of the street.
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just to name my reasons i never pick german infantry in teamgames.
Allied vet0 infantry cant fight vet5 volks or vet3 lmg grens either so i dont get that point.
I dont want to say it is a bad commander but others are usefull for other situations, matchups or maps. I´d prefer Blitzkrieg and Jäger armor over German Infantry almost every time.
Not that 5man grens or free healing and especially the frag bombs wouldnt be usefull in some situations but its not worth a commander spot for me.
Yeah, the game is literally unplayable for me the last few days. In the past i had like 1s delay at max and now its between 2s-10s.
Ever seen a vet 5 okw flak halftrack?
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Q: Proving $\sum_{k=1}^{4} b_k |z_k|^2=0$ if $z_k$ are con-cyclic s. t. $\sum_{k=1}^4 b_k =0=\sum_{k=1}^{4} b_k z_k$ If four complex numbers $z_k$ are con-cyclic in Argand plane such that $\sum_{k=1}^4 b_k =0=\sum_{k=1}^{4} b_k z_k$ and $b_k$ are real, earlier it has been proved that
$$b_1b_2|z_1-z_2|^2=b_3 b_4|z_3-z_4|^2~~~~~(1)$$
after a good number of steps.
See Condition for cyclic quadrilateral given $\sum_{i=1}^{4}{b_i}=0$ and $\sum_{i=1}^{4}{b_iz_i}=0$
In a rather simple way one can prove that
$$\sum_{k=1}^{4} b_k |z_k|^2=0,~~~~(2)$$
Since $z_k$ are con-cyclic $|z_k-z_0|^2=R^2$, where let $z_0$ denote the center of the circle. Then we can write $$0=\sum_{k=1}^{4} b_k=\sum_{k=1}^{4} b_k R^2=\sum_{k=1}^4 b_k|z_k-z_0|^2 \implies \sum_{k=1}^{4} b_k [|z_k|^2+|z_0|^2-2 \Re (\bar z_0 z_k)]=0$$ $$ \implies \sum_{k=1}^{4} b_k |z_k|^2-\sum_{k=1}^42 b_k \Re(\bar z_0 z_k)=0$$
as $\sum_{k=1}^{4} b_k=0$
$$\implies \sum_{k=1}^4 b_k |z_k|^2-2\Re \left(\bar z_0 \sum_{k=1}^{4} b_k z_k\right)=0 \implies \sum_{k=1}^4 b_k |z_k|^2=0.$$
The question is how else the result (2) can be proved using (1) and its proof or otherwise.
A: The following will prove that $(1) \Leftrightarrow (2)$ under the given assumptions.
To simplify the calculations, first note that $(2)$ is invariant to translations $z \to z-w$ since $\sum b_k|z_k - w|^2=\sum b_k|z_k|^2$ following an argument similar to the one used in the original post. The assumptions are obviously invariant to translations, and so is $(1)$.
Also, both assumptions and $(1),(2)$ are invariant to complex multiplication $z \to z \cdot r\,e^{i \varphi}$.
It can then be assumed WLOG that $z_4 = 0$ and $z_3=1$ by combining a translation that makes $z_4$ the origin, and a rotation with appropriate scaling that brings $z_3$ to the unit point on the real axis.
With that, the assumptions reduce to:
$$
b_1 + b_2 + b_3 = -b_4 \tag{a}
$$
$$b_1 z_1 + b_2 z_2 = -b_3 \tag{b}
$$
And the relations $(1),(2)$ reduce to:
$$
b_1b_2|z_1-z_2|^2 = -b_3(b_1+b_2+b_3) \tag{1}
$$
$$
b_1|z_1|^2+b_2|z_2|^2 + b_3 = 0 \tag{2}
$$
Multiplying assumption $(b)$ by its conjugate gives:
$$
\begin{align}
b_3^2 &= \left(b_1z_1+b_2z_2\right)\left(b_1\bar z_1+b_2\bar z_2\right)
\\ &= b_1^2|z_1|^2 + b_2^2|z_2|^2 + 2 b_1b_2 \Re{(z_1\bar z_2)}
\end{align}
$$
$$
\implies 2 b_1b_2 \Re{(z_1\bar z_2)} = b_3^2 - b_1^2|z_1|^2 - b_2^2|z_2|^2
$$
Then:
$$
\begin{align}
b_1b_2|z_1-z_2|^2 &= b_1b_2\left(|z_1|^2+|z_2|^2-2\Re{(z_1\bar z_2)}\right)
\\ &= b_1b_2|z_1|^2 + b_1b_2|z_2|^2 - \left(b_3^2 - b_1^2|z_1|^2 - b_2^2|z_2|^2\right)
\\ &= \left(b_1b_2|z_1|^2+b_2^2|z_2|^2\right) + \left(b_1^2|z_1|^2+b_1b_2|z_2|^2\right) - b_3^2
\\ &= b_2\left(b_1|z_1|^2+b_2|z_2|^2\color{red}{+b_3-b_3}\right)+b_1\left(b_1|z_1|^2+b_2|z_2|^2\color{red}{+b_3-b_3}\right) - b_3^2
\\ &= (b_1+b_2)\left(b_1|z_1|^2+b_2|z_2|^2+b_3\right) - b_3\left(b_1+b_2+b_3\right)
\end{align}
$$
It follows that $(1) \Leftrightarrow (2)$ when $b_1+b_2 \ne 0$, and the case $b_1+b_2 = 0$ can be easily verified.
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Spinning is a cycling exercise program that's high on energy. Indoor cycling more than anything is a fantastic way to burn calories for beginners and seasoned cyclists alike. It's very social as well: Spinning classes are often fun group exercises, with intense music and fun instructors. The focus is on enjoying an intense workout together and less on the weight loss.
Heart health. Spinning is an excellent cardiovascular exercise, with both aerobic and anaerobic benefits. While Spinning does burn fat and builds muscular endurance, it also strengthens heart muscles and overall cardiovascular stamina.
Lung capacity is another big benefit, and when combined with breathing control can help lower your heart rate.
We've been doing this for a long time: Duke's Fitness Center is proud to be the first certified Spinning facility in Franklin County, Vermont. All of our instructors are certified and all levels of fitness proficiency are welcome.
You can find all of our classes on our class list.
Everyone is welcome. Beginners and regular spinners make for a great mix and a hearty, fun-filled workout.
Signup. It's best to reserve a spot in class as there is a limited number of cycles. You can reserve a seat through links on the class page or by contacting us on the phone. It's important to get your place in class ahead of time.
Water. Another important thing to bring is a water bottle and towel. Make sure the water bottle will fit in a basic bike bottle holder. Both towels and water are available at our front desk, but feel free to bring your own.
Bike Clips. Our cycles are outfitted with Shimano SPD-compatible clips. They also have screens to display your RPM, distance, and plugins for a heart rate monitor if you have it. If you don't have SPD cycling shoes, we recommend bringing a pair of shoes that have a firm sole. These will be strapped in onto the pedal.
We also have SPD clips for sale.
Discounts. Spinning classes are open to members and non-members, with Duke's membership holders receiving a class discount. Additionally, you can get per-class passes each visit or grab spin packs that have bundled 10-30 class discounts.
Terrific! You'll find all of our classes on our class list.
Each one is taught by friendly and knowledgeable instructors. More than that, each class is its own fitness community, with people of all shapes and sizes on their fitness journey toward better health.
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No Enterprise can market itself aggressively without having mobile app presence. As all of us know, app transforms your ordinary website into a responsive and mobile-optimized one. A Business can be assured of complete success with the development of functional and suitable mobile app.
The main goal of any enterprise is to develop a successful product for which it is necessary to have a detailed analysis of the available technologies and resources to achieve this goal. Customers, competitors, patterns, and accessible innovations, users are the basic purposes of research that need to be utilized for the development of a product. Even when you have not done the research before the development of product, it can be used at anytime during product life cycle, serving you the purpose although changing it according to changing market needs.
A businessman should have a clear picture for the purpose of the work. It helps in ensuring the development of a product created with the purpose of solving a real problem. The purpose of developing an app includes how you will do better than your competitor in solving the user pain point and reaching their expectations. You can get easy answer to this question by having clarity on the purpose.
While developing app, enterprise should make sure about data security. Securing the user's information and complying with the legal norms is one of the most important requirements for business apps. So adding the Signup process with proper authentication process remains the data protect.
If you decide to add a feature you need to ensure that feature helps your website to function smoothly. You have to prioritize the features as per your desired goal. Easy way to choose features is to make a list of necessities and then add features for important ones. After listing the features, it is time to decide on the tools and technologies to build and execute them for the website.
Constant update and continued improvement for make the app better each day is mandatory. An app needs to be updated at regular interval of times, this constantly renewed features and content helps to stay potential customers and attract new users.
At last keep in mind that app should contains contact information. It should be clearly visible and easily accessible for calling and mailing with a simple steps. Including user friendly chatbots for asking questions and providing instant help is the popular way to get success for all business.
I am a Content writer at FuGenX Technologies. FuGenX is a reputed mobile apps development companies UAE. It provides services on Android app development, iPhone app development and Mobile game, Facebook game developments.
No Enterprise can market itself aggressively without having mobile app presence. As all of us know, transforms your ordinary website into a responsive and mobile-optimized one. A Business can be assured of complete success with the development of functional and suitable mobile app.
The main goal of any enterprise is to develop a successful product for which it is necessary to have a detailed analysis of the available technologies and resources to achieve this goal. Customers, competitors, patterns, and accessible innovations, users are the basic purposes of research that need to be utilized for the development of a product. Even when you have not done the research before the development of , it can be used at during product life cycle, serving you the purpose although changing it according to changing market needs.
A businessman should have a clear picture the purpose of the work. It helps in ensuring the development of a product created with the purpose of solving a real problem. The purpose of developing an app includes how you will do better than your competitor in solving the user pain point and reaching their expectations. You can get answer to this question by having clarity on the purpose.
While developing , should make sure about data security. Securing the user's information and complying with the legal norms is one of the most important requirements for business apps. So adding the Signup process with proper authentication process remains the data .
If you decide to add a feature you need to ensure that feature helps your website to function smoothly. You have to prioritize the features as per your desired goal. way to choose features is to make a list of necessities and then add features for important ones. After listing the features, it is time to decide on the tools and technologies to build and execute them for the website.
Constant update and continued improvement for the app better each day is mandatory. An app needs to be updated at interval of times, this constantly renewed features and content helps to stay potential customers and attract new users.
At last keep in mind that app should contact information. It should be clearly visible and easily accessible for calling and with . Including chatbots for asking questions and providing instant help is the popular way to get success for all business.
I am a Content writer at FuGenX Technologies. FuGenX is a reputed mobile development companies UAE. It provides services on Android app development, iPhone app development and Mobile game, Facebook game developments.
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SANTA ROSA BEACH � Some South Walton County residents believe there�s no need for more tourists, just better crowd control.
That comment and many others came from about 50 people who attended a County Commission workshop at the Bayou Arts Center to discuss the mission of the direction of the Tourist Development Council.
Sue Parsonnet, a 25-year resident of Inlet Beach, said she is concerned about the money the TDC spends.
Resident Jack Slattery also mentioned the TDC�s television show arrangement with the Food Network�s Emeril Lagasse, who lives at Sandestin.
�The TDC is bringing in more people but putting in place no infrastructure to handle them. We need parking so people can get to the beach instead of spending money on cooking shows,� Slattery said.
Although the proposal for a new TDC building and visitors center was to be addressed at a later workshop, visitors chimed in anyway.
Others voiced their concern for infrastructure.
Bob Hudson with the Walton County Taxpayers Association believes the TDC is efficient, but said there must be balance in attracting tourists.
Others agreed that the county should expand its attractions, such as in the cultural realm.
Jennifer Steele, executive director of the Cultural Arts Association, said her group produces events and receives funds from the TDC, but would like to see the county to become a cultural arts destination.
Cindy Meadows, who was the only county commissioner at the workshop, said she doesn�t have all the answers.
The workshop was the fourth of four held throughout the county. Herb Marlowe of Analytica, who facilitated the sessions, will relay residents� comments to the County Commission and TDC. He said his job was to report what residents say, not make recommendations.
�It�s a beginning,� she said.
The Walton Sun Staff Writer Deborah Wheeler can be reached at 850-654-8443 or [email protected]. Follow her on Twitter @WaltonSunDeb.
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Sources of product information used by consumers when purchasing kitchen cabinets.
Survey data from home shows in Seattle, Washington and Anchorage, Alaska were used to determine the sources of product information used by consumers when buying kitchen cabinets. Results show that in-store sales staff are the most common source of product information, and that consumers' favorite wood species, age, and gender can influence the source of product information chosen. It was concluded that wood products manufacturers should consider customer demographics in their marketing efforts.
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SANTA FE, N.M. — I'll admit it: I'm a sucker for textile art. Quilts, weaving, fabrics of all sizes and shapes.
So Marie Watt's hangings in the Unsuspected Possibilities exhibition that opened Saturday at SITE Santa Fe particularly appealed. The installation was paired with windows by Sarah Oppenheimer and a fortress-like construction by Leonardo Drew.
SITE curator Janet Dees said the artists were in touch with each other throughout the planning process, talking about how their works would play off one another. All the works deal with found objects that accumulate to create a visual experience, as she described it.
She also said Watt was inspired by Mohawk ironworkers who helped build skyscrapers, and that her installation intended a correlation between those skyscrapers and Native longhouses.
I couldn't quite see it. But her work, which has been termed "painting with textiles," sure is lovely to look at.
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Chelsea Asian Star scheme returns for 2015
Chelsea Football Club's Asian Star scheme will come back for a seventh year in the hopes of boosting Asian participation in all levels of football.
By Reannan Vale
Seven previous winners have been signed with the academies of professional football clubs.
Launched in 2009, the Chelsea Asian Star scheme is set to return for a seventh time on May 25, 2015 at the football club's training ground in Cobham.
Over 400 young Asian footballers are expected to attend the training program. They will be joined by Chelsea Football Club's very own members, coaches and scouts at all levels of the game.
Participants will undergo tests designed and used by the Chelsea Academy to examine their speed, skill and ability.
They will also take part in small-sided matches to compete for a chance to receive professional training.
The winners will be invited to spend a year at Chelsea's Foundation Development Centre, which is only a step away from reaching the club's academy.
Seven previous winners have been signed with the academies of other professional football clubs.
Kamran Khalid, who won the Under-11 category in 2014, shared his unique experience: "I just played my natural game and tried to show off my speed. It would be my dream to play for Chelsea, so I am so happy to have shown the coaches my ability."
Other participants should not be disappointed. Just taking part in the program will provide valuable exposure to Chelsea's experts, who will observe their performance to spot new talents.
The coaches will also interact with their parents to make sure the youngsters get the best out of their local training clubs.
The training program provides a huge opportunity for Asian football players aged between 9 and 12 to experience the game first-hand. It also allows them to explore pursuing football as a career option.
Most of all, the scheme demonstrates how football, and sport as a whole, is not limited to people from certain backgrounds.
One person who understands the importance of mixing culture within sport is British Asian Trust Ambassador and England batting coach, Mark Ramprakash.
An avid supporter of Chelsea's training scheme, Mark says: "Sport can have a huge positive effect on young people and the communities they live in.
"To be returning for a seventh year shows interest is still there and I'm sure the coaches who attend will confirm the talent is there as well."
He adds: "It is not just about finding the football stars of the future, it is about getting youngsters interested in sport in general, which in turn leads to healthier lifestyles for the children involved."
"The opportunities that the programme offers can be of huge benefit to the young people involved and I wish all those taking part the best of luck."
Kashif Siddiqi, a London-born Pakistan footballer, also shows support for the programme.
The Northampton defender calls for similar initiatives to be replicated up and down the country.
He believes it will encourage Asian parents to get their children involved in sports and pave the way for the next generation to promote Asian presence in football.
A 2011 census found that Asians made up 7.5 per cent of the total population in the UK. However, there are only eight British Asian football players with professional contracts in the country's top four professional divisions.
The most recent example is Easah Suliman from Birmingham, who has been signed to Aston Villa.
The increasingly noticeable lack of Asian presence within football in the UK is a pressing matter and one that many sportspersons and spectators alike would like to see eradicated.
Initiatives, such as the Chelsea Asian Star scheme, with the right kind of support, are crucial for stepping closer towards creating a truly multicultural Britain.
Reannan Vale
Reannan is a graduate of English Literature and Language. She loves to read and enjoys drawing and painting in her free time but her main love is watching sports. Her motto: "Whatever you are, be a good one," by Abraham Lincoln.
2015 Indian Premier League T20 Cricket ~ IPL 8
Bilkis Mahmood ~ Second Asian Female Football Agent
Name Blind CV scheme to benefit Job Seekers
Essex Man jailed for £2.4 million Fake Carbon Credits Scheme
Why Chelsea won 2015 Premier League Title
Indian Art Week 2015 returns to London
House of iKons returns to London for 2015
Lara Dutta returns for Miss Diva 2015
Her husband Ahmed was found to be involved with 3.5 million criminal cash to be sent out of the country.
£1.4 Million Confiscation to Continue against Indian Doctor
Why do you love Superwoman Lilly Singh?
Because she is down-to-earth
Because of her celebrity collaborations
Because she embraces Desi culture
Because she is empowering
Because she can rap
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PS4 exclusive Until Dawn goes gold
Powers S2E10 "Legacy" review
Are realistic graphics something we should want? Part 3
Assassin's Creed Chronicles: India review: A watercolor wash-up
Has Bloodborne 2 been teased already by Bloodborne's title screen?
Rather strangely, it has been discovered that if players change the game language in Bloodborne to French at the game's title screen, after the game saves data a message will pop up in the top right corner saying "will be blessed with child".
This could mean a number of things. Firstly, it could simply be a bug – not very exciting but you can't rule it out given that the message does also appear at a point in the game (where it is supposed to be) via a note in Byrngenwerth. However, the fact that it appears on the title screen could be more interesting. When read alone, "will be blessed with child" doesn't make an awful lot of sense, but when it sits next to the name of the game on the title screen, the image reads "Bloodborne will be blessed with child", as if to say that Bloodborne will give birth to a sequel much like the original Dark Souls game did. Sneaky.
If this really is a bug then perhaps we'll see it disappear in a patch, or the developers could leave it in just to keep people guessing? Maybe it is intended to be there? Questions will remain to be asked.
Alternatively, it could be a reference to French people and reproducing but I highly doubt it.
blessed with childBloodbornebloodborne 2Dark SoulsFrom Softwarerumorsecretsliderteasedtitle screen
Stephen wants to stamp his influence on the gaming industry via extensively researched and well thought out editorial and high quality video documentaries on the industry's most important topics, when he can afford to do so. In the meantime, you can probably find him working through his PS4 backlog, wishing its games library was nearly as good as the Xbox 360's.
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{
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With about 400 exhibitors and 10.000 visitors each year WOD-KAN is one of the biggest economic events in Poland. The exhibition is all about the water supply and sewage systems. This exhibition gives you the possibility to meet up with experts and specialists of the water industries.
NETZSCH experts will also be present at WOD-KAN to show you the benefits of our pump technology and answer any of your questions. Therefore we will be showcasing the N.Mac® Twin Shaft Grinder, the NEMO® Progressing Cavity Pump in FSIP® design and the TORNADO® Industrial Rotary Lobe Pump. Don't miss this opportunity to visit us at the Bydgoszcz Trade Fair and Exhibition Centre to have a chat.
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}
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Boris Johnson: 'Bully boys' to blame for my Bolton no-show
Boris Johnson blames 'bully boys' for Bolton no-show
Exclusive by Helena Vesty @HelenaVesty News Reporter
Prime Minister Boris Johnson at the launch of the Conservative Party Welsh manifesto in Wrexham whilst on the General Election campaign trail. PA Photo. Picture date: Monday November 25, 2019. See PA story POLITICS Election. Photo credit should read: Jaco
BORIS Johnson claims "bully boy" protesters in Bolton are to blame after he was forced to cancel his visit to the town amid security concerns.
In an exclusive interview with The Bolton News, the Prime Minister claims Labour are resorting to "intimidation" as the election approaches - something his rivals strenuously deny.
Boris Johnson was due to meet voters in a walkabout in Bolton on Saturday afternoon, but after a number of delays the visit was scrapped due to 'security concerns' as protesters lined the streets.
The activists were embroiled in a scuffle in Market Street later that day and the police were called to reports of an assault.
The Prime Minister told The Bolton News: "I just feel it's very sad that on the one hand people call for a kinder, gentler politics, and on the other hand, they encourage their supporters to employ bully boy tactics to stop people being able to make visits and to champion local business and to support local people.
"I was not surprised because I have seen a lot of it over this campaign. It shows that they just want to distract from the emptiness of their campaign at the moment, they don't have anything to say on Brexit and how to get Brexit done.
"I thought it was a great shame, we should have a politics where people can make visits and talk to voters, communicate with local business and celebrate local business without the risk of rowdy and aggressive disturbances."
The Bolton News spoke to Labour supporters at the scene on Saturday afternoon, they stressed that they were peacefully demonstrating. A Labour campaign source added: "We hope that all parties will support the democratic process, and the right for people to peacefully protest against the cuts inflicted on our society under a decade of Tory austerity."
When asked about allegations that Conservative Party supporters have themselves contributed to battle-hardened politics, the Prime Minister said: "I'm afraid to say that's absolute nonsense. I've been doing a lot of campaign in the last couple of months and I don't believe the Conservative supporters ever turn out, demonstrate and shout angry slogans at other candidates or throw things or try to stop people going into shops.
"I do think Labour have run out of things to say, so they are resorting to intimidation because they have got nothing to say on Brexit and nothing to say on the big issues of the day.
"We're a one nation party, we want to invest massively in the NHS, we're going to rebuild North Manchester general hospital. We're putting many more police on the streets in the Greater Manchester area and in Bolton. We want to take the whole country forward and it's just very frustrating."
The Conservative leader was due to appear on Westhoughton's high street alongside Bolton West Tory candidate Chris Green at 12.30pm on Saturday afternoon. But with a group of protesters lining the streets, Conservative Party officials say the police advised them to scrap the visit.
Tensions then rose in Market Street, the protesters are understood to have made their way to Westhoughton Market. Traders say they began 'forcing' their way in and the market went into lockdown, the doors being closed to the Labour campaigners outside.
Mr Green hit out at "repugnant Labour activists". In a video posted on Twitter filmed inside the market, he said: "Some activists are trying to hammer down the door to the market.
"People have businesses to run here and they have ruined their market day today."
In the skirmish, it is understood that a woman became trapped between the doors of the market as they closed, with witnesses saying she was being pushed out by people inside the market.
A Labour campaign source said: "We are shocked that a 64-year-old nurse and Labour activist has been assaulted today. A report has been filed with the police."
After the tensions died down, supporters and opposers alike were left disappointed as their hopes of putting their questions and concerns to the man vying to continue his premiership were dashed.
Cake maker Kelly Diggle-Hillman, who decorated cupcakes with Boris' face for the visit, was among the business owners expecting a visit from the Prime Minister. She said: "We're just disheartened and a bit let down. The protesters have spoiled it for the small businesses of Westhoughton. It would have been so good for the businesses and it's just been ruined by these people who probably aren't even from the area, don't shop here and don't spend here."
Lifelong Labour voters were just as keen to have a meeting with the leader to express their opposition. Hoping to challenge Mr Johnson on austerity cuts which have seen public services slashed was resident Sylvie Foster. She said: "We had everything in Westhoughton, we used to have our own police station, our own clinics, you name it. Now we have nothing."
The Prime Minister will undoubtedly be appearing time and again as the election approaches. But for now, the only sight people in Westhoughton caught of him was his face on top of a cake.
See tomorrow for the second part of our exclusive interview with the Prime Minister.
Man stole car in broad daylight after burgling house while occupant still inside
Town turns out to pay last respects to much-loved former Mayor Guy Harkin
Three new cases of deadly dog disease confirmed
School paid £900 for chairman to stay at upmarket Chicago hotel for Apple event
Bolton's most wanted — January 29, 2020
New Market Place 'interactive exhibition' attracts Bolton boxer Amir Khan
This Airbnb 'party house' in Bolton is causing chaos for neighbours
Police seek 24-year-old man who escaped from prison
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Home Security FCC Pushing Carriers to Guard Your Data
FCC Pushing Carriers to Guard Your Data
By Roy Mark | January 18, 2007
WASHINGTON -- While the new Congress drafts bills that aim to help curb identity theft, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Chairman Kevin Martin said Wednesday he plans to attack the problem through the agency's existing regulatory authority over telephone carriers.
According to Martin, the FCC may consider as early as February new agency rules that would mandate telephone companies require customer passwords to access account information over the telephone. In the past, carriers have resisted requiring passwords, insisting the idea would impose an unfair burden on consumers.
But a surge in pretexting over the last several years has put the carriers' procedures in the FCC's crosshairs. With a booming cottage industry on the Internet selling individuals' personal telephone data, the FCC is concerned carriers are not doing enough to adequately protect consumer information, known as Consumer Proprietary Network Information (CPNI).
Martin said he would also push for a consumer opt-in requirement for a telephone company to sell or market a customer's personal information.
"We want to add safeguards to protect consumers' CPNI," Martin told reporters. "We want to change the way carriers share information among affiliates."
President Bush last week signed legislation targeting pretexters, but the new law does not add any further requirements on telephone carriers to protect CPNI.
Under current FCC rules, telephone companies are obligated to protect the confidentiality of CPNI, but carriers may disclose the information without user approval in order to market services such as Caller ID and voice mail through affiliates.
If a telephone company uses CPNI for other marketing purposes, it must obtain user approval to do so. The company may request user approval orally, in writing or electronically. The request must contain specific disclosures about how a telephone company will use customer information.
Carriers that use CPNI for marketing purposes usually require consumers to opt-out of the scheme. "We're calling for opt-in," Martin said.
An FCC source close to the Martin proposal said the FCC is also considering extending the opt-in requirements beyond telephone carriers to Internet service providers and others who deal in confidential customer information.
In Congress, Sen. Ted Stevens (R-Alaska) is proposing an outright ban on telephone carriers selling CPNI without the express written consent of consumers. The Protecting Consumer Phone Records Act would apply to wireline, wireless and Voice over IP (VoIP) carriers.
The bill also increases penalties for pretexters who attempt to dupe telephone companies into revealing personal information about a customer and Internet sites that sell personal telephone information.
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spear·head | \ ˈspir-ˌhed \
Definition of spearhead
1 : the sharp-pointed head of a spear
2 : a leading element, force, or influence in an undertaking or development
spearheaded; spearheading; spearheads
Definition of spearhead (Entry 2 of 2)
: to serve as leader or leading element of
Synonyms Example Sentences Learn More About spearhead
Synonyms for spearhead
Synonyms: Verb
boss,
command,
head,
Examples of spearhead in a Sentence
Noun Her book was the spearhead of the clean water movement. Verb She spearheaded the campaign for better schools. The movement was spearheaded by the teachers' union.
Recent Examples on the Web: Noun Even the youngest students (or siblings) can be put in charge of others to lead small teams or spearhead initiatives. — Shelly Hod Moyal, Fortune, 17 Nov. 2021 Ian Watmore's sudden departure as England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) chairman will have broader ramifications with cricket needing to immediately find a new spearhead for its $3 million bid to get into the Los Angeles Olympics. — Tristan Lavalette, Forbes, 8 Oct. 2021 The Afghan air force, which the U.S. and its partners has nurtured to the tune of $8.5 billion since 2010, would now be the government's spearhead in its fight against the enemy. — Los Angeles Times, 18 June 2021 As private companies and startups transform the sector and spearhead innovation in space technologies, humans are closer to making deep space exploration a reality. — Dylan Taylor, Forbes, 16 Apr. 2021 Larry Tye writes a long and comprehensive biography of Sen. Joseph McCarthy, the polarizing spearhead of the Red Scare of the 1950s and – Tye contends – the origin of some disturbing features in our 21st-century political landscape. — Monitor Reviewers, The Christian Science Monitor, 9 Dec. 2020 Aside from a single iron spearhead, no weapons were found, and there was no trace of horses. — Douglas Preston, The New Yorker, 7 Dec. 2020 Now his staff is in place for this one, with Pascucci helping spearhead player evaluations. — Chris Hine, Star Tribune, 16 Nov. 2020 In the end the traditional ethics will be the spearhead of the attack that will bring us victory. — John Dos Passos, National Review, 28 Sep. 2020 Recent Examples on the Web: Verb While just more than half of people are fully vaccinated in Latin America and the Caribbean, there are 19 countries where vaccination coverage lags below 40% of the population - a factor that could spearhead further surges, according to the PAHO. — Paulina Villegas And Paulina Firozi, Anchorage Daily News, 26 Nov. 2021 While just more than half of people are fully vaccinated in Latin America and the Caribbean, there are 19 countries where vaccination coverage lags below 40% of the population - a factor that could spearhead further surges, according to the PAHO. — BostonGlobe.com, 26 Nov. 2021 According to Birx, Atlas helped spearhead changes to CDC testing recommendations in August 2020 that called for excluding people who did not have visible symptoms, even if they had been exposed to people infected with the virus. — Arkansas Online, 13 Nov. 2021 President Joe Biden assigned Harris to spearhead the effort in March when a record-breaking number of unaccompanied minors were crossing the southern border. — Justin Gomez, ABC News, 6 June 2021 This is reflected in the job titles that spearhead major projects today — titles like virtual design and construction manager, director of construction technology and advanced technology manager. — Mark Schwartz, Forbes, 17 May 2021 According to Birx, Atlas helped spearhead changes to CDC testing recommendations in August 2020 that called for excluding people who did not have visible symptoms, even if they had been exposed to people infected with the virus. — Arkansas Online, 13 Nov. 2021 According to Birx, Atlas helped spearhead changes to CDC testing recommendations in August 2020 that called for excluding people who did not have visible symptoms, even if they had been exposed to people infected with the virus. — Dan Diamond, BostonGlobe.com, 12 Nov. 2021 Parrish, who ran for city council in Round Rock, Tex., this year, helped spearhead the #AppleToo movement, which led to Apple employees speaking out about inconsistent pay, a lack of transparency and other workplace issues. — Josh Eidelson, Fortune, 15 Oct. 2021
These example sentences are selected automatically from various online news sources to reflect current usage of the word 'spearhead.' Views expressed in the examples do not represent the opinion of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Send us feedback.
First Known Use of spearhead
14th century, in the meaning defined at sense 1
Learn More About spearhead
Share spearhead
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Time Traveler for spearhead
The first known use of spearhead was in the 14th century
See more words from the same century
Dictionary Entries Near spearhead
spear hook
Statistics for spearhead
"Spearhead." Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, Merriam-Webster, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/spearhead. Accessed 19 Jan. 2022.
More Definitions for spearhead
English Language Learners Definition of spearhead
: a person, thing, or group that organizes or leads something (such as a movement or attack)
English Language Learners Definition of spearhead (Entry 2 of 2)
: to be the leader of (something, such as a political movement)
See the full definition for spearhead in the English Language Learners Dictionary
Kids Definition of spearhead
1 : the head or point of a spear
2 : the person, thing, or group that is the leading force (as in a development or an attack)
spearheaded; spearheading
Kids Definition of spearhead (Entry 2 of 2)
: to serve as leader of She spearheaded a campaign for change.
More from Merriam-Webster on spearhead
Nglish: Translation of spearhead for Spanish Speakers
Britannica English: Translation of spearhead for Arabic Speakers
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Serenay Sarikaya ♥ MedCezir. . Wallpaper and background images in the Serenay Sarikaya club tagged: serenay sarikaya med cezir photo.
This Serenay Sarikaya photo contains প্রতিকৃতি, ধনু, and চতুর. There might also be থিয়েটার, ঘর, boardroom, মন্ত্রণাগৃহ, and বহুবিধ.
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Taking students out of their classrooms - and out of their comfort zones - is a key way that Mason City Schools challenge students to grapple with real-world problems and get prepared for life after high school.
This school year, Mason launched a new experiential learning program: eMpowering You. The program was the dream of Debbie Gentene - an influential MHS business teacher with experience in the corporate world who also manages the Comet Zone, Mason High School's student-run store whose $150,000 a school year profits are all donated to charity.
"I really believe that experiential learning allows students to bridge classroom instruction into meaningful experiences both inside and outside of the classroom. Our students are hungry for these experiences, and we are grateful for the support of our business community who is helping us meet this need!" Gentene explains.
Experiential Learning allows students to see the connection between the classroom and the workplace. This includes bringing in guest speakers, going on site visits, job shadowing, or participating in an internship.
During the 2015-2016 school year, more than 2,000 MHS students have attended guest speaker events put on by the program, and 424 students have attended lunch-and-learns or the 'Empower Hour,' which is held once a month. There have been 83 students attend manufacturing and business field trips, and 121 students have applied or interviewed for job shadowing opportunities. There are also 70 job shadowing positions currently in progress, and more than five area businesses have partnered with the MHS Experiential Learning program.
On February 23, Gentene and two Mason High School seniors presented the program to the Mason City Schools Board of Education.
The students emphasized that the program not only gives students the opportunity to see what they like, perhaps more importantly it gives them a window into what they don't like, too.
"This past fall I worked as a product development intern at Assurex Health," added MHS senior Jeet Shah. "I had actual responsibilities while I was there, including designing a website and creating prototypes. I also worked with management of information systems, which relates directly to what I want to do in the future, which is data analytics. I can confidently say I will be pursuing computer science next year in college after performing financial analysis the first week and realizing that I don't like business as much - I learned 'Oh Man, this is not for me... I need to code!'"
Watch Slater and Shah share their experience.
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Sketch is a digital design toolkit for Mac that is focused on building user interfaces for web and mobile. In close collaboration with the Sketch team, we completely rebuilt Sketch Mirror: a complementary product that lets you preview designs on iOS instantly.
We built in plug-and-play USB support on top of a connection over Wi-Fi to ensure safety and stability. In addition to the Sketch Preview iOS app, we have created a version of Sketch Mirror that works in every browser. This feature makes it possible to test designs on desktop and mobile.
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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Windows.ApplicationModel;
namespace Cirrious.MvvmCross.Plugins.ResourceLoader.WindowsUWP
{
public class MvxStoreResourceLoader : MvxResourceLoader
{
public override async void GetResourceStream(string resourcePath, Action<Stream> streamAction)
{
// we needed to replace the "/" with "\\" - see https://github.com/slodge/MvvmCross/issues/332
resourcePath = resourcePath.Replace("/", "\\");
var file = await Package.Current.InstalledLocation.GetFileAsync(resourcePath);
var streamWithContent = await file.OpenReadAsync();
var stream = streamWithContent.AsStreamForRead();
streamAction(stream);
}
}
}
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
}
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Jack McDonough: Best Seat in the House
June 30, 2020 by PaulM Posted in Culture, History 1 Comment
Jack McDonough of Tewksbury, Mass., wrote for United Press International, New England Telephone, Brandeis University, and UMass Lowell in his career as a reporter and editor. He's a baseball fan from way back, and played his share of ballgames: "good glove-good stick." We always appreciate his contributions to this publication.
by Jack McDonough
I had the best seat in the house at Fenway Park.
I was in a rooftop chair behind home plate with a clear view of the entire field.
I was in the press box.
I was a kid in a candy store.
It was 1967 and I worked for a news wire service, United Press International. I had been with UPI six years by that time, working mostly in the Boston news room. We had a regular sports editor but a couple of the news staff occasionally covered events like golf, tennis and college football.
But the prize assignment, for me anyway, was covering the Red Sox.
Those were the days of names like Carl "Yaz" Yastrzemski, Tony Conigliaro, Rico Petrocelli, Jim Lonborg, Reggie Smith and Ken "Hawk" Harrelson.
Dick Williams was the manager and the coaching staff included the Sox' former All Star second baseman Bobby Doerr, and Sal "The Barber" Maglie, who pitched for several teams and supposedly earned the nickname for giving batters a close shave with his fastball.
The Sox went to the World Series that year, Williams' first as Boston manager. They lost to the St. Louis Cardinals in seven games but that's a sad story for another day.
The story today is about the thrill of a young man going through the Fenway Park press gate with credentials in hand and walking up the first set of stairs to field level. The initial view of that gorgeous expanse of emerald green grass was breathtaking. Every time. Then came the climb to the press box, carrying that badge of the profession, the portable typewriter.
The press box today has moved much higher and is now on the third base side. Reporters see the action through large windows and do their writing on laptops. I went up there on a tour a few years ago and didn't much like it. Too high. Too far away.
Sports writers in my era sat out in the open where you had to watch out for foul balls. Proof of that dangerous possibility came in the form of a dent in our sports writer's typewriter. The press corps then included such local newspaper luminaries as Clif Keane, Bill "Jake" Liston, Tim Horgan, Ray Fitzgerald and Will McDonough, among others.
Keane was known to shout down at opposing players during pre-game warmups. On one such occasion his taunts brought a few baseballs careening through the press box. The targeted player had a good arm.
The job of actually covering the game was as challenging as it was thrilling for me. The game of professional baseball may seem leisurely to the fan in the grandstand, but when covering the game alone in the press box it can accelerate quickly, especially in the late innings when pinch hitters emerge from the dugout and relief pitchers trot in from the bullpen.
The game story was usually brief, probably only 150 or 200 words, but we had to phone it in after the seventh inning. It was always a race to beat our then arch rival, the Associated Press. I guess the idea was to play the odds. Maybe nothing significant would happen in the last two innings. If something did happen, and often it did, a hasty re-write was needed.
But the writing wasn't the toughest part.
The most difficult part was keeping all the statistics. At bats, hits, runs, errors and every other number. Plus the statistics for the starter and any relief pitchers. How many innings did each work, how many runs, how many earned runs, how many strikeouts?
At the end, when you phoned in the game, the staffer who took your call would keep you on the phone until he "proved" your numbers. There was a formula for that. You held your breath until he finally said, "OK. It's good. Have a nice night."
One night that didn't happen. One night the numbers didn't add up. The stands had emptied, the lights were going out and the press box was almost empty. Only one other writer was left. Nearing panic, I called to him. "Frank, my numbers are off. I'm a third of an inning short on pitchers." And Frank, bless his heart, scanned my work and said, "You missed a reliever. He threw to only one batter and got him out."
How could I possibly have done that? In the heat of the moment, easily.
The fun part was visiting the locker room and talking with players who for me had been, until then, only names from stories that others had written. And, some of the coaches, like Doerr, had been legendary when I was in high school.
Sometimes the post-game visit included a stop in the manager's office to ask for his views of the game. I found one of those sessions a bit awkward when Dick Williams appeared, post shower, wearing nothing but a towel around his neck. You had to ask questions while gazing at the wall. It was an unusual press conference.
Over the years, journalism brought me to many places and into the company of many fascinating people. It ran the gamut.
But if I could go back in time, which experience would I choose? No question. There I'd be. Trudging up that stairway to the Fenway press box. Typewriter in hand. The heart beating just a little faster.
One Response to Jack McDonough: Best Seat in the House
Steve O'Connor says: July 1, 2020 at 11:46 am
Jack! You and Dave Daniel and Dick Howe and Geoffrey Douglas and Chaz Scoggins-you're making me want to watch a baseball game!
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"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
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Goldenvoice presents
Onsale Times
Long absent from North American stages, one of the most influential women in rock, PJ Harvey, returns to Toronto for her Massey Hall debut. Harvey first turned heads with her 1992 album Dry, followed by the even-more-critically-acclaimed follow-up Rid of Me and, in 1995, the Top-40 charting To Bring You My Love. Over the course of the ensuing two-plus decades, she's expanded upon her dark, heavy and brooding alt-rock roots, working across genres and with collaborators including Steve Albini and Nick Cave.
The only artist to receive the UK's prestigious Mercury Prize twice (2001 and 2011 for Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea and Let England Shake) – in addition to receiving two other nominations – Harvey has also received eight Brit Award nominations. She received her seventh Grammy nomination (Best Alternative Music Album) for 2016's The Hope Six Demolition Project, which Pitchfork called "her most exhilarating rock album in years."
Of her recent New York performance, Vulture noted that "In the midst of the maelstrom, Harvey held court like alt-rock royalty… The show transfixed thanks to the skill and versatility of all the players, and the synergy that makes Hope Six... so coolly well-rounded," while the Los Angeles Times said "If times are tough, Harvey seemed to be saying, we may as well go down swinging."
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
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\section{Introduction}\label{intro}
The convergence of random walks on finite groups is a well-studied topic in probability theory. Under certain natural conditions, a random walk converges to a unique stationary distribution. The topic of interest, in this case, is the mixing time i.e., the minimum number of steps the random walk takes to get close to its stationary distribution in the sense of total variation distance. To understand the convergence of random walks, it is helpful to know the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the transition matrix. There is a large body of literature dealing with the convergence of random walks on the symmetric group. Random walks on the symmetric group can be practically described by shuffling of a deck of cards. Arrangements of this deck can be described by elements of the symmetric group. There are various types of shuffling algorithms of a deck of $n$-cards labelled from $1$ to $n$. Shuffling problems on $S_n$ can be generalised to other finite groups. One can take a look at \cite{FOW,Diaconis Note1,Diaconis Note2,Saloff-Coste Note,DS,LP,RS} for various shuffles.
This work is mainly motivated by the work of Flatto, Odlyzko and Wales \cite{FOW}, where they studied the \emph{transpose top with random shuffle on $S_n$} (interchanging the top card with a random card). The eigenvalues for the transition matrix of the transpose top with random shuffle were obtained from the \emph{Jucys-Murphy} elements for the symmetric group \cite{VO}. We consider an analogous variant called the \emph{transpose top-$2$ with random shuffle} on the alternating group. In this work, we will prove total variation cutoff for transpose top-$2$ with random shuffle on $A_n$. The transpose top-$2$ with random shuffle on $A_n$ is a random walk on $A_n$ driven by a probability measure $P$ on $A_n$ defined as follows:
\begin{equation}\label{def of P}
P(\pi)=
\begin{cases}
\frac{1}{2n-3},\text{ if }\pi=\1,\\
\frac{1}{2n-3},\text{ if }\pi=(i,n-1,n)\text{ for }i\in\{1,\dots,n-2\},\\
\frac{1}{2n-3},\text{ if }\pi=(i,n,n-1)\text{ for }i\in\{1,\dots,n-2\},\\
0,\text{ otherwise}.
\end{cases}
\end{equation}
The distribution after $k$ transitions is given by $P^{*k}$ (convolution of $P$ with itself $k$ times, details explanation will be given later in this section). Before stating the main result of this paper we first define the \emph{total variation distance} between two probability measures.
\begin{defn}
Let $\mu$ and $\nu$ be two probability measures on $\Omega$. The \emph{total variation distance} between $\mu$ and $\nu$ is defined to be \[||\mu-\nu||_{\text{TV}}:=\sup_{A\subset\Omega}|\mu(A)-\nu(A)|.\]
\end{defn}
The total variation distance between $\mu$ and $\nu$ can also be written as $||\mu-\nu||_{\text{TV}}=\frac{1}{2}\sum\limits_{x\in\Omega}|\mu(x)-\nu(x)|$ (see \cite[p. 48, proposition 4.2]{LPW}).
\begin{thm}\label{thm:UB for Alt}
Let $U_{A_n}$ denote the uniform distribution on $A_n$. For the transpose top-$2$ with random shuffle on $A_n$ driven by $P$, we have the following:
\begin{enumerate}
\item $||P^{*k}-U_{A_n}||_{\text{TV}}<\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}e^{-c}+o(1)$, for $k\geq(n-\frac{3}{2})(\log n+c)$ and $c>0$.
\item $\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}||P^{*k_n}-U_{A_n}||_{\text{TV}}=0$, for any $\epsilon\in (0,1)$ and $k_n=\lfloor(1+\epsilon)(n-\frac{3}{2})\log n\rfloor.$
\end{enumerate}
\end{thm}
The proof of this theorem will be given in Section \ref{sec:upper bound}. We first review some concepts and terminologies before discussing the objective of this paper, which will be frequently used in this paper.
\subsection{Preliminaries}
Let $G$ be a finite group. A \emph{linear representation} $\rho$ of $G$ is a homomorphism from $G$ to $GL(V)$, where $V$ is a finite-dimensional vector space over $\mathbb{C}$ and $GL(V)$ is the set of all invertible linear maps from $V$ to itself. Let $\mathbb{C}[G]$ be the set of all formal linear combinations of the elements of $G$ with complex coefficients. In particular, if we take $V=\mathbb{C}[G]$, then the \emph{right regular representation} $R:G\longrightarrow GL(V)$ is defined by $g\mapsto\left(\sum_{h\in G}C_hh\mapsto\sum_{h\in G}C_hhg\right),\;C_h\in\mathbb{C}$. i.e., $R(g)$ is an invertible matrix over $\mathbb{C}$ of order $|G|\times|G|$. The \emph{dimension} $d_{\rho}$ of the representation is defined to be the dimension of the vector space $V$. The \emph{character} $\chi^{\rho}(g)$ (also denoted by $\psi^{\rho}(g)$) of this representation is defined to be the trace of the matrix $\rho(g)$. The representation $\rho$ is said to be \emph{irreducible} if there does not exist any nontrivial proper subspace $W$ of $V$ such that $\rho(g)\left(W\right)\subset W$ for all $g$ in $G$ (i.e., $W$ is invariant under $\rho(g),\;\text{for all}\; g\in G$). Two representations $\rho_1:G\longrightarrow GL(V_1)$ and $\rho_2:G\longrightarrow GL(V_2)$ of $G$ are said to be \emph{isomorphic} if there exists an invertible linear transformation $T:V_1\longrightarrow V_2$ such that $T\circ\rho_1(g)=\rho_2(g)\circ T$ for all $g\in G$.
We define the \emph{restriction} $\rho\downarrow^G_H$ of $\rho$ to a subgroup $H$ of $G$ by $\rho\downarrow^G_H(h)=\rho(h)$ for all $h\in H$. If $\chi^{\rho}$ is the character of $\rho$, then the character of the restriction
$\rho\downarrow^G_H$ is denoted by $\chi^\rho\downarrow^G_H$. We will state some results from representation theory of finite groups without proof for more details see \cite{Sagan,Serre,Amri}.
Let $G$ be a finite group and $\;p,\;q$ be two probability measures on $G$. The \emph{convolution $p*q$ of $p$ and $q$} is defined by $(p*q)(x):=\sum_{y\in G}p(xy^{-1})q(y)$. Given a probability measure $p$ on $G$, we define the \emph{Fourier transform} $\widehat{p}$ of $p$ at the representation $\rho$ by the matrix $\sum_{x\in G}p(x)\rho(x)$. One can easily check that $\widehat{(p*q)}(\rho)=\widehat{p}(\rho)\widehat{q}(\rho)$ for two probability measures $p,\;q$ on $G$. In particular, for the right regular representation $R$, the matrix $\widehat{p}(R)$ can be thought of as the action of the group algebra element $\sum_{g\in G}p(g)g$ on $\mathbb{C}[G]$ from the right.
A \emph{random walk on a finite group $G$ driven by a probability measure $p$} is a Markov chain with state space $G$ and transition probabilities $M_p(x,y)=\;p(x^{-1}y)$, $x,y\in G$. In terms of the Fourier transform defined above, the transition matrix $M_p$ is the transpose of $\widehat{p}(R)$. Also, the distribution after $k^{th}$ transition will be $p^{*k}$ (convolution of $p$ with itself $k$ times) i.e., the probability of getting into state $y$ from state $x$ through $k$ transitions is $p^{*k}(x^{-1}y)$. A Markov chain (discrete time, finite state space) is said to be \emph{irreducible} if it is possible for the chain to reach any state starting from any state using only transitions of positive probability. Therefore a random walk on a finite group $G$ driven by a probability measure $p$ is irreducible if for any two elements $x,y\in G$, there exists $t$ (depending on $x$ and $y$) such that $p^{*t}(x^{-1}y)>0$. We note that \emph{the random walk is irreducible if the support of $p$ generates $G$}. To see this, let $\Gamma$ be the support of $p$. Then from the hypothesis $\Gamma$ generates $G$. Therefore given any two arbitrary elements $x,y\in G$, $x^{-1}y$ can be written as $\gamma_1\gamma_2\dots\gamma_t$ for $\gamma_1,\gamma_2,\dots,\gamma_t\in\Gamma$. Thus $p^{*t}(x^{-1}y)\geq p(\gamma_1)p(\gamma_2)\dots p(\gamma_t)>0$ and the assertion has been proved. A probability distribution $\Pi$ is said to be a \emph{stationary distribution} of a Markov chain with transition matrix $M$ if $\Pi M=\Pi$ (i.e., if the initial distribution for the chain is $\Pi$, then the distribution after one transition, and hence after any number of transitions, will remain $\Pi$). Any irreducible Markov chain possesses a unique stationary distribution. In case of an irreducible random walk on a finite group $G$ driven by a probability measure $p$, \emph{the stationary distribution happens to be the uniform distribution on $G$} (since $\sum_{x\in G}M_p(x,y)=\sum_{x\in G}p(x^{-1}y)=\sum_{z\in G}p(z)=1,\;z=x^{-1}y$ for all $y\in G$). We note that the irreducible random walk on $G$ driven by $p$ is \emph{time reversible} if and only if $M_p(x,y)=M_p(y,x)$ for all $x,y\in G$ i.e., if and only if $p(x)=p(x^{-1})$ for all $x$ in $G$. Given a discrete time Markov chain with finite state space, we define the \emph{period} of a state $x$ by the greatest common divisor of the set of all times when it is possible for the chain to return to the starting state $x$. The period of all the states of an irreducible Markov chain are same (see \cite[p. 8, lemma 1.6]{LPW}). An irreducible Markov chain is said to be \emph{aperiodic} if the common period for all its states is $1$.
Let $G$ be a finite group. From now on, we denote the uniform distribution on $G$ by $U_G$. We have just seen that the unique stationary measure for an irreducible random walk on a finite group $G$ driven by a probability measure $p$ is the uniform measure on $G$. Now if the random walk is aperiodic, then the distribution after $k^{\text{th}}$ transition converges to $U_{G}$ in total variation distance as $k\rightarrow\infty$. We note that, given an irreducible and aperiodic random walk on a finite group $G$ driven by some probability measure $p$, the total variation distance $||p^{*k}-U_{G}||_{TV}$ decreases as $k$ increases.
We now define the total variation cutoff phenomenon. Let $\{G_n\}_{0}^{\infty}$ be a sequence of finite groups.
For each $n\geq 0$, consider the irreducible and aperiodic random walk on $G_n$ driven by some probability measure $p_n$ on $G_n$. We say that the \emph{total variation cutoff phenomenon} holds for the family $\{(G_n,p_n)\}_0^{\infty}$ if there exists a sequence $\{\tau_n\}_0^{\infty}$ of positive reals such that the following hold:
\begin{enumerate}
\item $\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\tau_n=\infty,$
\item For any $\epsilon\in (0,1)$ and $k_n=\lfloor(1+\epsilon)\tau_n\rfloor$, $\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}||p_n^{*k_{n}}-U_{G_n}||_{TV}=0$ and
\item For any $\epsilon\in (0,1)$ and $k_n=\lfloor(1-\epsilon)\tau_n\rfloor$, $\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}||p_n^{*k_{n}}-U_{G_n}||_{TV}=1$.
\end{enumerate}
Here $\lfloor x\rfloor$ denotes the floor of $x$ (the largest integer less than or equal to $x$). Informally, we will say that $\{(G_n,p_n)\}_0^{\infty}$ has a total variation cutoff at time $\tau_n$. The cutoff phenomenon depends on the multiplicity of the second largest eigenvalue of the transition matrix, for more details, see \cite{Cut-off Diaconis}.
Informally, this says that there exist real numbers $\tau_n$ and neighbourhoods $I_n$ of $\tau_n$ such that $||p_n^{*k_{n}}-U_{G_n}||_{TV}$ decreases drastically to a very small positive quantity whenever $k_n$ lies in $I_n$, for large $n$.
\subsection{Transpose Top-$2$ With Random Shuffle on $A_n$}
Let $S_n$ be the set of all permutations of the numbers $ 1,2,\dots,n $. The set $S_n$ forms a group under the multiplication of permutations, known as \emph{symmetric group}. A permutation in $S_n$ is said to be an \emph{even permutation} if it can be expressed as a product of even number of transpositions (not necessarily disjoint). The set of all even permutations in $S_n$ forms a subgroup of the symmetric group, known as the \emph{alternating group} and is denoted by $A_n$. Now we will define the transpose top-$2$ with random shuffle on $A_n$. Suppose we have a deck of cards labelled from $1$ to $n$ such that the arrangement of the deck is a permutation in $A_n$. Then the \emph{transpose top-$2$ with random shuffle on $A_n$} is a lazy variant of the following: First transpose the top two cards, then choose one of them and interchange it with a card randomly chosen from the remaining $(n-2)$ cards. More formally, this can be described as a random walk on $A_n$ driven by $P$. i.e., any permutation in $A_n$ can either go to itself or be multiplied on the right by a $3$-cycle of the form $(i,n-1,n)$ or $(i,n,n-1)$ with probability $\frac{1}{2n-3}$.
\begin{prop}\label{irreducibility and aperiodicity}
The Markov chain formulated in \eqref{def of P} from the transpose top-$2$ with random shuffle on $A_n$ is irreducible and aperiodic.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
We know that the $3$-cycles generate $A_n$. Let $a,b,c$ be any three distinct integers from $\{1,2,\dots,n\}$. If none of $a,b,c$ is $(n-1)$ or $n$, we have,
\begin{align*}
(a,b,c)&=(c,n,n-1)(a,b,n-1)(c,n-1,n)\\
&=(c,n,n-1)(b,n,n-1)(a,n-1,n)(b,n-1,n)(c,n-1,n).
\end{align*}
If one of $a,b,c$ is $(n-1)$ or $n$, without loss of any generality we may assume $c$ is either $(n-1)$ or $n$ and we have the following,
\begin{align*}
&\quad\;(a,b,n-1)=(b,n,n-1)(a,n-1,n)(b,n-1,n), \text{ and }\\
&\quad\;(a,b,n)=(b,n-1,n)(a,n,n-1)(b,n,n-1).
\end{align*}
If any two of $a,b,c$ are $(n-1)$ and $n$, then $(a,b,c)$ takes the form $(\;\cdot\;,n-1,n)$ or $(\;\cdot\;,n,n-1)$. Therefore the support of the measure $P$ generates $A_n$ and hence the chain is irreducible. Given any $\pi\in A_n$, the set of all times when it is possible for the chain to return to the starting state $\pi$ contains the integer $1$ ($\because P(\1)\neq 0$). Therefore the period of the state $\pi$ is $1$ and hence from irreducibility all the states of this chain have period $1$. Thus this chain is aperiodic.
\end{proof}
Proposition \ref{irreducibility and aperiodicity} gives an affirmative answer to the question of existence and uniqueness of stationary distribution. It also says that after a large number of transitions the distribution of the chain behaves like the stationary distribution. We know, in the case of an irreducible random walk on a finite group driven by some probability measure, that the unique stationary distribution is the uniform distribution on that group. More precisely, the distribution after $k^{\text{th}}$ transition will converge to $U_{A_n}$ as $k\rightarrow\infty$.
In Section \ref{sec:representation} we will find the spectrum of $\widehat{P}(R)$. We will prove Theorem \ref{thm:UB for Alt} in Section \ref{sec:upper bound}. In Section \ref{sec:lower bound}, we will find a lower bound of $||P^{*k}-U_{A_n}||_\text{{TV}}$ for $k=(n-\frac{3}{2})(\log n+c),\;c\ll 0$ (large negative). At the end of this paper, we will show that the cutoff occurs at $(n-\frac{3}{2})\log n$.
\subsection*{Acknowledgement} I would like to thank my advisor Arvind Ayyer for fruitful conversations and suggestions in the preparation of this paper. I would also like to thank Amritanshu Prasad, Arvind Ayyer and Pooja Singla for proposing the problem. I am also thankful to all the reviewers for the careful reading of the manuscript and their valuable comments. I would like to acknowledge support in part by a UGC Centre for Advanced Study grant.
\section{Spectrum of $\widehat{P}(R)$}\label{sec:representation}
Let $\mathcal{P}=\1+\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n-2}\left((i,n-1,n)+(i,n,n-1)\right)\in \mathbb{C}[A_n]$. Recall that $\widehat{P}(R)$ is the Fourier transform of the probability measure $P$ at right regular representation $R$ of $A_n$, which can be written as $\widehat{P}(R)=\frac{1}{2n-3}\mathcal{P}$. Here we consider the action of the operator $\mathcal{P}$ on $\mathbb{C}[A_n]$ by multiplication on the right. To obtain the eigenvalues of $\mathcal{P}$, we will use the representation theory of $A_n$. We now define the terminology that we will need. Most of the notation here is borrowed from Ruff \cite{Ruff}.
Let $V$ be an irreducible representation of $S_n$. The restriction of $V$ to $S_{n-1}$ has a multiplicity-free decomposition into irreducibles
\cite[Theorem 2.8.3]{Sagan}. For example taking $n=15$ and $V=S^{(5,4,4,2)}$, the restriction of $V$ to $S_{14}$ is given by the following:
\[S^{(5,4,4,2)}\downarrow_{S_{14}}^{S_{15}}=S^{(4,4,4,2)}\oplus S^{(5,4,3,2)}\oplus S^{(5,4,4,1)}.\]
Again, restriction of each of these irreducibles to $S_{n-2}$ has a multiplicity-free decomposition into irreducible representations of $S_{n-2}$. Iterating this, we get a canonical decomposition of $V$ into irreducible representations of $S_1$ i.e., one-dimensional subspaces \cite[Theorem 2.9]{VO}. Thus there is a canonical basis of $V$. This basis is named the \emph{Gelfand-Tsetlin} basis (or GZ-basis) of $V$.
Any vector from this Gelfand-Tsetlin basis is uniquely (up to scalar factor) determined by the eigenvalues of the \emph{Jucys-Murphy elements for $S_n$} on this vector.
The Jucys-Murphy elements $X_i=\sum_{1\leq j<i}(j,i)\in\mathbb{C}[S_n],\;1\leq i\leq n$ for $S_n$ act semisimply on the Gelfand-Tsetlin basis of the irreducible representations of $S_n$ \cite{VO}. We now define the Jucys-Murphy elements for $A_n$ and establish its connection to $\mathcal{P}$.
\begin{defn}\cite{Ruff}\label{df: Jucys-Murphy}
The \emph{Jucys-Murphy elements} $Y_1,\dots,Y_n\in\mathbb{C}[A_n]$ are defined by $Y_1=0,\;Y_2=\1\;\text{ and }Y_i=(1,2)X_i\text{ for }i\geq 3$, where $X_i\text{ for } 1\leq i\leq n$ are the usual Jucys-Murphy elements for $S_n$.
\end{defn}
Let us denote $s_i=(i,i+1)$ for $1\leq i<n$. Then $\{s_1,\dots,s_{n-1}\}$ is a set of generators of the symmetric group. $A_n$ is generated by $t_2,\dots,t_{n-1}$, where $t_i=(1,2)s_i$ for $i\in\{2,\dots,n-1\}$. As the generators $s_1,\dots,s_{n-1}$ of the symmetric group satisfy \[s_iX_j=X_js_i,\;s_iX_i=X_{i+1}s_i-\1\text{ for all }1\leq i<n\text{ with }|i-j|>1,\] we have the following:
\[t_iY_i=Y_{i+1}t_i-\1\;\text{ for all }3\leq i<n.\]
\begin{lem}\label{lem: relation of P and JM-elements}
$\mathcal{P}=\1$ if $n=2,\;\mathcal{P}=\1+Y_3$ if $n=3$ and for $n>3$, we have
\[\mathcal{P}=t_{n-1}\left(Y_n+Y_{n-1}\right).\]
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
The cases of $n=2,3$ are just verification. We prove this lemma for $n>3$.
\begin{align*}
\mathcal{P}&=\1+\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n-2}\left((i,n-1,n)+(i,n,n-1)\right)\\
&=\1+\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n-2}\left((n,n-1)(n,i)+(n-1,n)(n-1,i)\right)\\
&=(n,n-1)\left((n,n-1)+\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n-2}(n,i)+\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n-2}(n-1,i)\right)\\
&=(n,n-1)\left(\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n-1}(n,i)+\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n-2}(n-1,i)\right)\\
&=(n,n-1)\left(X_n+X_{n-1}\right)\\
&=(1,2)(n,n-1)(1,2)\left(X_n+X_{n-1}\right)\\
&=t_{n-1}\left(Y_n+Y_{n-1}\right).
\end{align*}
\end{proof}
\begin{rem}
We note that $Y_iY_j=Y_jY_i$ for all $1\leq i,j\leq n$ and the common eigenvectors for $Y_i$s form a basis for the irreducible representations of $A_n$.
\end{rem}
A \emph{partition} $\lambda$ of a positive integer $n$ is a weakly decreasing finite sequence $(\lambda_1,\cdots,\lambda_r)$ of positive integers such that $\sum_{i=1}^{r}\lambda_i=n$. We write $\lambda\vdash n$ to mean $\lambda$ is a partition of $n$. A partition $\lambda$ can be pictorially visualised as a left-justified arrangement of $r$ rows of boxes with $\lambda_i$ boxes in the $i^{\text{th}}$ row. This pictorial arrangement of boxes is known as the \emph{Young diagram} of $\lambda$. For example there are five partitions of the positive integer $4$ viz. (4), (3,1), (2,2), (2,1,1) and (1,1,1,1). Young diagrams corresponding to the partitions of $4$ are the following:
\[\begin{array}{cclll}
\yng(4)&\hspace{0.5cm}\yng(3,1)& \hspace{0.5cm}\yng(2,2) & \hspace{0.5cm}\yng(2,1,1) & \hspace{0.75cm}\yng(1,1,1,1)\\
(4)\;&\;\quad(3,1)&\quad\;(2,2)&\quad(2,1,1)&\;(1,1,1,1)
\end{array}\]
A \emph{Young tableau} of shape $\lambda$ (or \emph{$\lambda$-tableau}) is obtained by filling the numbers $1,\dots,n$ in the boxes of the Young diagram of $\lambda$. A $\lambda$-tableau is \emph{standard} if the entries in its boxes increase from left to right along rows and from top to bottom along columns. The set of all standard tableaux of a given shape $\lambda$ is denoted by $\std$. For example, standard Young tableaux of shape $(3,1)$ are:
\[\begin{array}{ccc}
\young({{\substack{1}}}{{\substack{2}}}{{\substack{3}}},{{\substack{4}}}) &\quad\young({{\substack{1}}}{{\substack{2}}}{{\substack{4}}},{{\substack{3}}}) & \quad \young({{\substack{1}}}{{\substack{3}}}{{\substack{4}}},{{\substack{2}}})
\end{array}\]
The \emph{content} of a box in row $i$ and column $j$ of a diagram is the integer $j-i$. Given a tableau $T$, $c(T,i)$ denotes the content of the box labelled $i$ in $T$, $1\leq i\leq n$. Given a Young diagram $\lambda$, its \emph{conjugate} $\lambda^{\prime}$ is obtained by reflecting $\lambda$ with respect to the diagonal consisting of boxes with content $0$. A diagram $\lambda$ is \emph{self-conjugate} if $\lambda^{\prime}=\lambda$. An \emph{upper standard Young tableau} $T$ is a standard Young tableau $T$ such that $c(T,2)=1$. The collection of all upper standard tableaux of a given shape $\lambda$ is denoted by $\Ustd$.
\begin{lem}
For $n>1$, the cardinality of $\cup_{\lambda\vdash n}\Ustd$ is half the cardinality of $\cup_{\lambda\vdash n}\std$. Moreover, for self-conjugate $\lambda\vdash n$ we have, $|\Ustd|=\frac{1}{2}|\std|.$
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
Let us consider the set $\Lstd:=\{T\in\std\mid c(T,2)=-1\}$. Then by sending each element of $\cup_{\lambda\vdash n}\Ustd$ to its transpose (i.e. reflecting it with respect to the diagonal containing boxes with content $0$), we have a one to one correspondence between $\cup_{\lambda\vdash n}\Ustd$ and $\cup_{\lambda\vdash n}\Lstd$. Also, it is obvious that $\left(\cup_{\lambda\vdash n}\Ustd\right)\cap\left(\cup_{\lambda\vdash n}\Lstd\right)=\phi$ and $\left(\cup_{\lambda\vdash n}\Ustd\right)\cup\left(\cup_{\lambda\vdash n}\Lstd\right)=\;\cup_{\lambda\vdash n}\std$. Hence, $|\cup_{\lambda\vdash n}\Ustd|=\frac{1}{2}|\cup_{\lambda\vdash n}\std|$.
Also, for self-conjugate $\lambda\vdash n,\;\Ustd\cup\Lstd=\std$ and the same map as above gives a bijection from $\Lstd$ to $\Ustd$). Therefore, $|\Ustd|=\frac{1}{2}|\std|$.
\end{proof}
We now describe all the irreducible representations of $A_n$ (for more details, see \cite{Ruff}). Corresponding to each non-self-conjugate partition $\lambda$ of $n$, there is an irreducible representation $D_{\lambda}$ of $A_n$. Given any non-self-conjugate partition $\lambda$ of $n$, the irreducible representations $D_{\lambda}$ and $D_{\lambda^{\prime}}$ of $A_n$ are isomorphic. For each self-conjugate partition $\lambda$ of $n$, there are two non-isomorphic irreducible representations $D^+_{\lambda}$ and $D^-_{\lambda}$ of $A_n$. All the irreducible representations of $A_n$ are given by $D_{\lambda}$, $\lambda\vdash n$ non-self-conjugate and $D^{\pm}_{\lambda}$, $\lambda\vdash n$ self-conjugate. The basis of $D_{\lambda}$ is identified by the elements of $\Ustd\cup\Ustdc$ for non-self-conjugate $\lambda\vdash n$ and that of $D^{\pm}_{\lambda}$ are identified by the elements of $\Ustd$ for self-conjugate $\lambda\vdash n$. We denote the dimension of $D_{\lambda}$ by $d_{\lambda}$ (when $\lambda\vdash n$ is non-self-conjugate) and dimensions of $D^{\pm}_{\lambda}$ by $d^{\pm}_{\lambda}$ (for self-conjugate $\lambda\vdash n$) respectively. Therefore, we have the following:
\begin{align*}
d_{\lambda}= & |\Ustd|+|\Ustdc|=|\std|\;\text{ for non-self-conjugate }\lambda\vdash n
\text{ and }\\
& d_{\lambda}^+ =d_{\lambda}^-=|\Ustd|=\frac{1}{2}|\std|\; \text{ for self-conjugate }\lambda\vdash n.
\end{align*}
Let $\Par$ be the set of all partitions of $n$. Let us consider two subsets $\Cpar$ and $\Ncpar$ defined as follows:
\begin{align*}
\Cpar&=\{\lambda\in\Par\mid\lambda=\lambda^{\prime}\}\;\text{ and }\\
\Ncpar&=\bigg\{\lambda\in\Par\bigg|\lambda\neq\lambda^{\prime},
\begin{minipage}{2.5in}
$\lambda$ contains more boxes of positive content than that of $\lambda^{\prime}$
\end{minipage}\bigg\}.
\end{align*}
In the regular representation of a finite group $G$, each irreducible representation of $G$ occurs with multiplicity equal to its dimension \cite[section 2.4]{Serre}. Therefore, from the above discussion, we have the following:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:A_n module decomposition}
\mathbb{C}[A_n]\cong\left(\underset{\lambda\in\Ncpar}{\oplus}d_{\lambda}D_{\lambda}\right)\oplus\left(\underset{\lambda\in\Cpar}{\oplus}d^+_{\lambda}D^+_{\lambda}\right)\oplus\left(\underset{\lambda\in\Cpar}{\oplus}d^-_{\lambda}D^-_{\lambda}\right).
\end{equation}
Now we discuss the actions of the generators $t_i,\;3\leq i\leq n-1$ and the Jucys-Murphy elements on the irreducible representations of $A_n$ (we don't need the action of $t_2$ on irreducible representations of $A_n$ in this work). Given any partition $\lambda$ of $n$, let us define $\alpha=(a_1,\dots,a_n):=(c(T_{\alpha},1),\dots,c(T_{\alpha},n))$, where $T_{\alpha}\in \Ustd\cup\Ustdc$ ($=\Ustd$, if $\lambda$ is self-conjugate). Ruff in \cite{Ruff} showed that for $\lambda\in\Ncpar$, if $v_{\alpha}$ is the basis element of $D_{\lambda}$ corresponding to $T_{\alpha}\in \Ustd\cup\Ustdc$, then $Y_iv_{\alpha}=a_iv_{\alpha}$ for all $1\leq i\leq n$. Moreover for $3\leq i<n$, the action of $t_i$ on $v_{\alpha}$ is given as follows:
\begin{equation}\label{t_i action on basis}
t_iv_{\alpha}=\frac{1}{a_{i+1}-a_i}\;v_{\alpha}+\sqrt{-1}\;(-1)^{\alpha,i}\sqrt{1-\frac{1}{(a_{i+1}-a_i)^2}}\;\;v_{t_i\alpha},
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation*}
(-1)^{\alpha,i}=
\begin{cases}
1\quad\text{if }a_i<a_{i+1},\\
-1\quad\text{if }a_i>a_{i+1},
\end{cases}\quad\text{ and }
\end{equation*}
$t_i\alpha:=(a_1,\dots,a_{i-1},a_{i+1},a_{i},a_{i+2},\dots a_n)$ if $a_{i+1}\neq a_i\pm 1$. We don't need $t_i\alpha$ when $a_{i+1}= a_i\pm 1$, because the coefficient of $v_{t_i\alpha}$ in the expression \eqref{t_i action on basis} is zero in that case.
Also for $\lambda\in\Cpar$, if $v^+_{\alpha},\;v^-_{\alpha}$ are the basis elements of $D^+_{\lambda},\;D^-_{\lambda}$ respectively, corresponding to $T_{\alpha}\in \Ustd$, then the actions of $Y_i,\;1\leq i\leq n$ and $t_i,\; 3\leq i<n$ on $v^{\pm}_{\alpha}$ are same as their respective actions on $v_{\alpha}$ in case of $\lambda\in\Ncpar$. Now we are in a position to find the eigenvalues of $\mathcal{P}$.
\begin{thm}\label{thm:eigenvalues non-conj case}
Let $\lambda\vdash n$ be a non-self-conjugate partition of $n$. For each $T_{\alpha}\in \Ustd\cup\Ustdc$, we have an eigenvalue of $\mathcal{P}$, given as follows:
\begin{enumerate}
\item $2a_n-1$ is an eigenvalue of $\mathcal{P}$, if $a_n=a_{n-1}+1$.
\item $-(2a_n+1)$ is an eigenvalue of $\mathcal{P}$, if $a_n=a_{n-1}-1$.
\item $\pm(a_n+a_{n-1})$ are eigenvalues of $\mathcal{P}$, if $a_n\neq a_{n-1}\pm1\text{ and } a_{n-1}<a_n$.
\end{enumerate}
Here, we have used $\alpha=(a_1,\dots,a_n):=(c(T_{\alpha},1),\dots,c(T_{\alpha},n))$. Moreover, each eigenvalue has multiplicity $d_{\lambda}$. Also, note that the sets of eigenvalues obtained by considering the partitions $\lambda$ and $\lambda^{\prime}$ are same.
\end{thm}
\begin{proof}
The theorem is trivially true for $n=2,3$. Now we prove the theorem for $n>3$. For any non-self-conjugate $\lambda\vdash n$, we can choose basis element $v_{\alpha}$ of $D_{\lambda}$ corresponding to $T_{\alpha}\in\Ustd\cup\Ustdc$ such that $Y_iv_{\alpha}=a_iv_{\alpha}\text{ for all }i=1,\dots,n$. Now a basis $\mathcal{B}$ of $D_{\lambda}$ is the union of the following three sets:
\[\mathcal{B}_1:=\{v_{\alpha}\mid a_n=a_{n-1}+1\},\;\mathcal{B}_2:=\{v_{\alpha}\mid a_n=a_{n-1}-1\},\;\mathcal{B}_3:=\{v_{\alpha}\mid a_n\neq a_{n-1}\pm1\}.\]
For any upper standard Young tableau $T_{\alpha}\in\mathcal{B}_3$, we have another upper standard Young tableau $T_{t_{n-1}\alpha}\in\mathcal{B}_3$. Therefore, the cardinality of $\mathcal{B}_3$ is even and $\mathcal{B}_3=\{v_{\alpha},\;v_{t_{n-1}\alpha}\mid a_n\neq a_{n-1}\pm1,\;a_{n-1}<a_n\}.$ Again for $a_n\neq a_{n-1}\pm1$, from \eqref{t_i action on basis}, we have
\[\mathbb{C}\text{-Span }\{v_{\alpha},\;v_{t_{n-1}\alpha}\}=\mathbb{C}\text{-Span }\{v_{\alpha},\;t_{n-1}v_{\alpha}\}.\]
Therefore $\mathcal{B}_1\cup\mathcal{B}_2\cup\{v_{\alpha},\;t_{n-1}v_{\alpha}\mid a_n\neq a_{n-1}\pm1,\;a_{n-1}<a_n\}$ is a basis for $D_{\lambda}$. Let us consider the ordered basis $\mathcal{B}^{'}$ of $D_{\lambda}$ in which we first collect all the vectors from $\mathcal{B}_1$. Then all the vectors from $\mathcal{B}_2$ and finally the pair of vectors $(v_{\alpha},\;t_{n-1}v_{\alpha})$ from $\{v_{\alpha},\;t_{n-1}v_{\alpha}\mid a_n\neq a_{n-1}\pm1,\;a_{n-1}<a_n\}$. For $v_{\alpha}\in\mathcal{B}_1$,
\begin{align*}
\mathcal{P}v_{\alpha}&=t_{n-1}\left(Y_{n-1}+Y_n\right)v_{\alpha},\quad\text{ by Lemma \ref{lem: relation of P and JM-elements}}\\
&=(a_{n-1}+a_n)t_{n-1}v_{\alpha}\\
&=(a_{n-1}+a_n)v_{\alpha},\quad\text{ by \eqref{t_i action on basis}}\\
&=(2a_n-1)v_{\alpha}.
\end{align*}
Again for $v_{\alpha}\in\mathcal{B}_2$,
\begin{align*}
\mathcal{P}v_{\alpha}&=t_{n-1}\left(Y_{n-1}+Y_n\right)v_{\alpha},\quad\text{ by Lemma \ref{lem: relation of P and JM-elements}}\\
&=(a_{n-1}+a_n)t_{n-1}v_{\alpha}\\
&=-(a_{n-1}+a_n)v_{\alpha},\quad\text{ by \eqref{t_i action on basis}}\\
&=-(2a_n+1)v_{\alpha}.
\end{align*}
Therefore $\mathcal{P}$ acts on $\mathcal{B}_1$ and $\mathcal{B}_2$ as scalars. Now for $v_{\alpha}\in\mathcal{B}_3$, using $t_{n-1}Y_{n-1}=Y_nt_{n-1}-\1$ and $t_{n-1}^2=\1$, the matrix for the action of $\mathcal{P}$ on $\{v_{\alpha},\;t_{n-1}v_{\alpha}\}$ is given below,
\begin{equation}\label{eq: 2X2 blocks}
\left(
{\begin{array}{cc}
0 & a_{n-1}+a_n\\
a_{n-1}+a_n & 0 \end{array}}
\right).
\end{equation}
The eigenvalues of the above $2\times 2$ matrix are $\pm(a_{n-1}+a_n)$. Therefore, the matrix of $\mathcal{P}$ with respect to the ordered basis $\mathcal{B}^{'}$ is a block diagonal matrix, where first $|\mathcal{B}_1|$ blocks are the $1\times 1$ matrix $(2a_n-1)$, next $|\mathcal{B}_2|$ blocks are the $1\times 1$ matrix $-(2a_n+1)$ and last $|\{\alpha: a_n\neq a_{n-1}\pm1,\;a_{n-1}<a_n\}|$ blocks are the $2\times 2$ matrix \eqref{eq: 2X2 blocks}. The argument for the multiplicity of the eigenvalues follows from \eqref{eq:A_n module decomposition} .Thus the theorem follows.
\end{proof}
\begin{thm}\label{thm:eigenvalues conj case}
For a self-conjugate partition $\lambda\vdash n$, each $T_{\alpha}\in \Ustd$ provides an eigenvalue of $\mathcal{P}$, given as follows:
\begin{enumerate}
\item $2a_n-1$ is an eigenvalue of $\mathcal{P}$, if $a_n=a_{n-1}+1$.
\item $-(2a_n+1)$ is an eigenvalue of $\mathcal{P}$, if $a_n=a_{n-1}-1$.
\item $\pm(a_n+a_{n-1})$ are eigenvalues of $\mathcal{P}$, if $a_n\neq a_{n-1}\pm1\text{ and } a_{n-1}<a_n$.
\end{enumerate}
Here, we have used $\alpha=(a_1,\dots,a_n):=(c(T_{\alpha},1),\dots,c(T_{\alpha},n))$. Moreover, each eigenvalue has multiplicity $|\std|=d^+_{\lambda}+d^-_{\lambda}$.
\end{thm}
\begin{proof}
The proof is similar to the proof of Theorem \ref{thm:eigenvalues non-conj case}. Proof of this theorem follows by replacing $D_{\lambda}$, $v_{\alpha}$ and $d_{\lambda}$ by $D^{\pm}_{\lambda}$, $v^{\pm}_{\alpha}$ and $d^{\pm}_{\lambda}$ respectively, in the proof of Theorem \ref{thm:eigenvalues non-conj case}.
\end{proof}
\begin{cor}\label{thm:eigenvalues combined case}
Let $\lambda$ be a partition of $n$. Then each $T_{\alpha}\in \Ustd\cup\Ustdc$ provides an eigenvalue of $\mathcal{P}$, given as follows:
\begin{enumerate}
\item $2a_n-1$ is an eigenvalue of $\mathcal{P}$, if $a_n=a_{n-1}+1$.
\item $-(2a_n+1)$ is an eigenvalue of $\mathcal{P}$, if $a_n=a_{n-1}-1$.
\item $\pm(a_n+a_{n-1})$ are eigenvalues of $\mathcal{P}$, if $a_n\neq a_{n-1}\pm1\text{ and } a_{n-1}<a_n$.
\end{enumerate}
Here, we have used $\alpha=(a_1,\dots,a_n):=(c(T_{\alpha},1),\dots,c(T_{\alpha},n))$. Moreover, each eigenvalue has multiplicity $d_{\lambda}:=|\std|$.
\end{cor}
\begin{proof}
If $\lambda\vdash n$ is non-self-conjugate, then the result follows directly from Theorem \ref{thm:eigenvalues non-conj case}. Now if $\lambda\vdash n$ is self-conjugate, then we have $\Ustd=\Ustd\cup\Ustdc$. Therefore, in the case of self-conjugate $\lambda$, this result follows from Theorem \ref{thm:eigenvalues conj case}.
\end{proof}
\begin{rem}
Corollary \ref{thm:eigenvalues combined case}, together with \eqref{eq:A_n module decomposition}, determines the spectrum of $\mathcal{P}$ and hence that of $\widehat{P}(R)$.
\end{rem}
\begin{exmp}
If $n=4$, then eigenvalues of $\widehat{P}(R)$ are the following:
\[\left(1,\;\frac{3}{5},\;\frac{3}{5},\;\frac{3}{5},\;\frac{1}{5},\;\frac{1}{5},\;\frac{1}{5},\;-\frac{1}{5},\;-\frac{1}{5},\;-\frac{1}{5},\;-\frac{1}{5},\;-\frac{1}{5}\right).\]
\end{exmp}
For the only element $T_{(0,1,2,3)}=\begin{array}{c}\young({{\substack{1}}}{{\substack{2}}}{{\substack{3}}}{{\substack{4}}})\end{array}$ of $\Ustdexample((4))\cup\Ustdexample((1,1,1,1))$ we have, $a_3=2,\;a_4=3$. Hence $a_4=a_3+1$ and the eigenvalue of $\widehat{P}(R)$ corresponding to $T_{(0,1,2,3)}$ is $1$ with multiplicity $1$. The elements of $\Ustdexample((3,1))\cup\Ustdexample((2,1,1))$ are listed below:
\[T_{(0,1,2,-1)}=\begin{array}{c}\young({{\substack{1}}}{{\substack{2}}}{{\substack{3}}},{{\substack{4}}})\end{array},\;T_{(0,1,-1,2)}=\begin{array}{c}\young({{\substack{1}}}{{\substack{2}}}{{\substack{4}}},{{\substack{3}}})\end{array},\;T_{(0,1,-1,-2)}=\begin{array}{c}\young({{\substack{1}}}{{\substack{2}}},{{\substack{3}}},{{\substack{4}}})\end{array}.\]
Now $a_3=2,\;a_4=-1$ for $T_{(0,1,2,-1)}$ and $a_3=-1,\;a_4=2$ for $T_{(0,1,-1,2)}$. Thus for both $T_{(0,1,2,-1)}$ and $T_{(0,1,-1,2)}$ we have $a_4\neq a_3\pm 1$. In order to satisfying $a_3<a_4$ we choose $T_{(0,1,-1,2)}$ and the eigenvalues of $\widehat{P}(R)$ in this case are $\pm\frac{1}{5}$ with multiplicity $3$ each. Again for $T_{(0,1,-1,-2)}$ we have $a_3=-1,\;a_4=-2$ which satisfies $a_4=a_3-1$. Thus the eigenvalue of $\widehat{P}(R)$ corresponding to $T_{(0,1,-1,-2)}$ is $\frac{3}{5}$ with multiplicity $3$. Finally considering the only element $T_{(0,1,-1,0)}=\begin{array}{c}\young({{\substack{1}}}{{\substack{2}}},{{\substack{3}}}{{\substack{4}}})\end{array}$ of $\Ustdexample((2,2))$ we have $a_3=-1,\;a_4=0$ and thus $a_4=a_3+1$. Therefore the eigenvalue of $\widehat{P}(R)$ corresponding to $T_{(0,1,-1,0)}$ is $-\frac{1}{5}$ with multiplicity $2$.
\begin{exmp}
Given $n\geq 4$, the eigenvalues of $\widehat{P}(R)$ for the $(n-1)$-dimensional irreducible representation $D_{(n-1,1)}\;(\text{or }D_{(2,1^{n-2})})$ are given as follows:
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{cccc}
\emph{Eigenvalues:} & $\frac{n-3}{2n-3}$ &\quad $-\frac{n-3}{2n-3}$ &\quad $\frac{2n-5}{2n-3}$\\
\emph{Multiplicities:}& $n-1$ &\quad $n-1$ &\quad $(n-3)(n-1)$
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{exmp}
First consider the elements
\[\young({{\substack{1}}}{{\substack{2}}}{{\substack{\cdots}}}{{\substack{n\text{-}1}}}{{\substack{n}}},{{\substack{i}}}),\quad3\leq i \leq n-2\]
of $\Ustdexample((n-1,1))$. Each of these elements satisfies $a_n=a_{n-1}+1$ as $a_{n-1}=n-3,\;a_n=n-2$.
Therefore the eigenvalues of $\widehat{P}(R)$ corresponding to each of these elements are $\frac{2n-5}{2n-3}$ with multiplicity $n-1$ each. There are $n-4$ such upper standard tableaux, thus multiplicity of the eigenvalue $\frac{2n-5}{2n-3}$ is $(n-4)(n-1)$. Now considering the element
$\begin{array}{c}\young({{\substack{1}}}{{\substack{2}}}{{\substack{\cdots}}}{{\substack{n\text{-}1}}},{{\substack{n}}})\end{array}$ of $\Ustdexample((n-1,1))$, we have $a_{n-1}=n-2,\;a_n=-1$ and thus $a_n\neq a_{n-1}\pm 1$ but $a_{n-1}\nless a_n$. Therefore we will not select this upper standard tableaux. For the element
$\begin{array}{c}
\young({{\substack{1}}}{{\substack{2}}}{{\substack{\cdots}}}{{\substack{n}}},{{\substack{n\text{-}1}}})
\end{array}$ of $\Ustdexample((n-1,1))$, we have $a_{n-1}=-1,\;a_n=n-2$. Hence this upper standard tableaux satisfies $a_n\neq a_{n-1}\pm 1$ and $a_{n-1}< a_n$. Therefore the eigenvalues of $\widehat{P}(R)$ corresponding to this upper standard tableaux are $\pm\frac{n-3}{2n-3}$ with multiplicity $n-1$ each. Finally we consider the only element
\[\young({{\substack{1}}}{{\substack{2}}},{{\substack{3}}},{{\substack{4}}},{{\smash{\vdots}}},{{\substack{n\text{-}1}}},{{\substack{n}}})\] of $\Ustdexample(2,1^{n-2})$. This upper standard tableaux satisfies $a_n=a_{n-1}-1$ as $a_{n-1}=-(n-3),\;a_n=-(n-2)$. Thus the eigenvalue of $\widehat{P}(R)$ corresponding to this upper standard tableaux is $\frac{2n-5}{2n-3}$ with multiplicity $n-1$.
\section{Upper Bound for total variation distance}\label{sec:upper bound}
In this section, we prove Theorem \ref{thm:UB for Alt}. We first state the \emph{Upper bound lemma}.
\begin{lem}[Upper bound lemma]\cite[p. 16, lemma 4.2]{Diaconis Note1}\label{Upper Bound Lemma}
Let $p$ be a probability measure on a finite group $G$ such that $p(x)=p(x^{-1})$ for all $x\in G$.
Suppose the random walk on $G$ driven by $p$ is irreducible. Then we have the following
\[||p^{*k}-U_{G}||^2_{\text{TV}}\leq\frac{1}{4}\sum\limits_{\rho}^{*}d_{\rho}\left(\emph{Trace}\left(\left(\widehat{p}(\rho)\right)^{2k}\right)\right),\]
where the sum is over all non-trivial irreducible representations $D_{\rho}$ of $G$ and $d_{\rho}$ is the dimension of $D_{\rho}$.
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem \ref{thm:UB for Alt}]
We know that the trace of the $2k^{\text{th}}$ power of a matrix is the sum of $2k^{\text{th}}$ powers of its eigenvalues. Now for $\lambda\vdash n$ we can say by Corollary \ref{thm:eigenvalues combined case}, as $T_{\alpha}$ ranges over $\Ustd\cup\Ustdc$, the eigenvalues of $\widehat{P}(R)$ are
\begin{itemize}
\item $\frac{2a_n-1}{2n-3}=\frac{a_n+a_{n-1}}{2n-3}$, if $a_n=a_{n-1}+1$,
\item $-\frac{(2a_n+1)}{2n-3}=-\frac{a_n+a_{n-1}}{2n-3}$, if $a_n=a_{n-1}-1$,
\item $\pm\frac{(a_n+a_{n-1})}{2n-3}=\pm\frac{a_n+a_{n-1}}{2n-3}$ if $a_n\neq a_{n-1}\pm1\text{ and } a_{n-1}<a_n$,
\end{itemize}
where $a_{n-1}$ and $a_n$ are contents of $(n-1)$ and $n$ respectively, in $T_{\alpha}$. Lemma \ref{Upper Bound Lemma} implies:
\begin{align}\label{eq:UB1}
\begin{split}
\;4\;&||P^{*k}-U_{A_n}||^2_{\text{TV}}\leq\sum\limits_{\lambda\in \Ncpar\setminus\{(n)\}}\left(d_{\lambda}\sum\limits_{T_{\alpha}\in\Ustd\cup\Ustdc}\left(\frac{a_n+a_{n-1}}{2n-3}\right)^{2k}\right)\\
&\;\;+\sum\limits_{\lambda\in\Cpar}\left(d^+_{\lambda}\sum\limits_{T_{\alpha}\in\Ustd}\left(\frac{a_n+a_{n-1}}{2n-3}\right)^{2k}+d^-_{\lambda}\sum\limits_{T_{\alpha}\in\Ustd}\left(\frac{a_n+a_{n-1}}{2n-3}\right)^{2k}\right).
\end{split}
\end{align}
Before coming to the main part of the proof, let us consider the leading term in \eqref{eq:UB1}, which corresponds to the partition $\lambda=(n-1,1)$ or equivalently its conjugate. For the partition $\lambda=(n-1,1)$, the eigenvalues are $\frac{2n-5}{2n-3},\;-\frac{n-3}{2n-3}\text{ and }\frac{n-3}{2n-3}$ with algebraic multiplicities $n-3,\;1$ and $1$, respectively. Therefore, the term in $\sum\limits_{\lambda\in \Ncpar\setminus\{(n)\}}$ is
\begin{align*}
&\quad\;\;(n-1)\left((n-3)\left(\frac{2n-5}{2n-3}\right)^{2k}+\left(-\frac{n-3}{2n-3}\right)^{2k}+\left(\frac{n-3}{2n-3}\right)^{2k}\right)\\
&=(n-1)\left((n-3)\left(1-\frac{2}{2n-3}\right)^{2k}+2\left(\frac{n-3}{2n-3}\right)^{2k}\right)=O\left(e^{-\frac{4k}{2n-3}+2\log n}\right).
\end{align*}
Now, if $k=(n-\frac{3}{2})(\log n+c)$, then $e^{-\frac{4k}{2n-3}+2\log n}$ is $e^{-2c}$, $c>0$. We will show that this is the largest term, other terms being smaller.
For any upper standard Young tableau $T_{\alpha}$ of shape $\lambda$, if $\lambda=(\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_r)$, then $a_{n-1}+a_n\leq 2\lambda_1-3$. Let $\mathcal{E}=e^{-\frac{1}{2}}(n-\frac{3}{2})+\frac{3}{2}$. Then the right hand side of \eqref{eq:UB1} is less than or equal to
\begin{align*}
&\sum_{\lambda\in \Ncpar\setminus\{(n)\}}\left(d_{\lambda}\sum_{T_{\alpha}\in\Ustd\cup\Ustdc}\left(\frac{2\lambda_1-3}{2n-3}\right)^{2k}\right)\\
&\quad\quad+\sum_{\lambda\in\Cpar}\left(d^+_{\lambda}\sum_{T_{\alpha}\in\Ustd}\left(\frac{ 2\lambda_1-3}{2n-3}\right)^{2k}+d^-_{\lambda}\sum_{T_{\alpha}\in\Ustd}\left(\frac{ 2\lambda_1-3}{2n-3}\right)^{2k}\right).
\end{align*}
The summands in $\sum\limits_{T_{\alpha}\in\Ustd\cup\Ustdc}$ and $\sum\limits_{T_{\alpha}\in\Ustd}$ are independent of the index of the sum. Therefore, the above expression becomes
\begin{align}\label{eq:UB1.0}
&\sum_{\lambda\in \Ncpar\setminus\{(n)\}}\left(d_{\lambda}^2\left(\frac{2\lambda_1-3}{2n-3}\right)^{2k}\right)+\sum_{\lambda\in\Cpar}\left(\left(d^+_{\lambda}+d^-_{\lambda}\right)\frac{d_{\lambda}}{2}\left(\frac{ 2\lambda_1-3}{2n-3}\right)^{2k}\right)\nonumber\\
&=\sum_{\lambda\in \Ncpar\setminus\{(n)\}}d_{\lambda}^2\left(\frac{2\lambda_1-3}{2n-3}\right)^{2k}+\sum_{\lambda\in\Cpar}\frac{d^2_{\lambda}}{2}\left(\frac{ 2\lambda_1-3}{2n-3}\right)^{2k}.
\end{align}
Now adding the non-negative quantities $\displaystyle\sum_{\substack{\lambda\vdash n\\\lambda\notin\Ncpar\cup\Cpar}}d_{\lambda}^2\left(\frac{2\lambda_1-3}{2n-3}\right)^{2k}$ and $\sum\limits_{\lambda\in\Cpar}\frac{d^2_{\lambda}}{2}\left(\frac{ 2\lambda_1-3}{2n-3}\right)^{2k}$ to \eqref{eq:UB1.0}, we obtain $\displaystyle\sum_{\substack{\lambda\vdash n\\\lambda\neq(n)}}d_{\lambda}^2\left(\frac{2\lambda_1-3}{2n-3}\right)^{2k}$. Therefore, the expression in \eqref{eq:UB1.0} is less than or equal to
\begin{align}\label{eq: from this onward almost same pf}
\sum_{\substack{\lambda\vdash n\\\lambda\neq(n)}}d_{\lambda}^2\left(\frac{\lambda_1-\frac{3}{2}}{n-\frac{3}{2}}\right)^{2k}\nonumber&= \sum_{\substack{\lambda\vdash n\\\lambda\neq(n)\\\lambda_1>\mathcal{E}}}d_{\lambda}^2\left(\frac{\lambda_1-\frac{3}{2}}{n-\frac{3}{2}}\right)^{2k}+ \sum_{\substack{\lambda\vdash n\\\lambda_1\leq \mathcal{E}}}d_{\lambda}^2\left(\frac{\lambda_1-\frac{3}{2}}{n-\frac{3}{2}}\right)^{2k}\nonumber\\
&\leq \sum_{\substack{\lambda\vdash n\\\lambda_1=t}}^{n-1}d_{\lambda}^2\left(\frac{\lambda_1-\frac{3}{2}}{n-\frac{3}{2}}\right)^{2k}+\sum_{\substack{\lambda\vdash n\\\lambda_1\leq \mathcal{E}}}d_{\lambda}^2e^{-k}.
\end{align}
Here, $t$ is the smallest integer greater than or equal to $\mathcal{E}$. Given $\lambda=(\lambda_1,\dots,\lambda_r)\vdash n$, we have $d_{\lambda}\leq {n\choose\lambda_1}d_{\mu}$, for $\mu\vdash(n-\lambda_1)$ such that largest part of $\mu\leq\lambda_1$. Thus expression \eqref{eq: from this onward almost same pf} is less than or equal to
\begin{align}\label{eq: UB1.1}
&\quad\sum\limits_{\lambda_1=t}^{n-1} \sum_{\substack{\mu\vdash (n-\lambda_1)\\\text{ largest part of }\mu\leq\lambda_1}}{n\choose\lambda_1}^2d_{\mu}^2\left(\frac{\lambda_1-\frac{3}{2}}{n-\frac{3}{2}}\right)^{2k}+\sum_{\substack{\lambda\vdash n\\\lambda_1\leq \mathcal{E}}}d_{\lambda}^2e^{-k}\nonumber\\
&\leq\sum\limits_{\lambda_1=t}^{n-1}{n\choose\lambda_1}^2\left(\frac{\lambda_1-\frac{3}{2}}{n-\frac{3}{2}}\right)^{2k} \sum_{\mu\vdash (n-\lambda_1)}d_{\mu}^2+\sum_{\substack{\lambda\vdash n}}d_{\lambda}^2e^{-k}\nonumber\\
&= \sum\limits_{m=1}^{n-t}{n\choose m}^2\left(1-\frac{m}{n-1.5}\right)^{2k}m! +n!e^{-k},\quad\text{ where }m=n-\lambda_1.
\end{align}
Since $1\geq\frac{m}{n-1.5}\geq 0$ and $1-x\leq e^{-x}$ for all non-negative real $x$, expression \eqref{eq: UB1.1} is less than or equal to
\begin{align*}
&\quad\sum\limits_{m=1}^{n-t}\frac{\left(n(n-1)\dots(n-m+1)\right)^2}{m!}e^{-\frac{2km}{n-1.5}}+n!e^{-k}\\
&\leq\sum\limits_{m=1}^{n-t}\frac{n^{2m}}{m!}e^{-\frac{2km}{n-1.5}}+n!e^{-k} < e^{n^2e^{-\frac{2k}{n-1.5}}}-1+n!e^{-k}.
\end{align*}
Therefore we have
\begin{equation}\label{eq:UB1.2}
4\;||P^{*k}-U_{A_n}||^2_{\text{TV}}<\;e^{n^2e^{-\frac{2k}{n-1.5}}}-1+n!e^{-k}.
\end{equation}
Now for $c>0$ and $k\geq(n-\frac{3}{2})(\log n+c)$, we have
\begin{equation*}
4\;||P^{*k}-U_{A_n}||^2_{\text{TV}}
\leq e^{e^{-2c}}-1+\frac{n!e^{-(n-1.5)c}}{n^{(n-1.5)}}
\leq 2e^{-2c}+\frac{n!e^{-(n-1.5)c}}{n^{(n-1.5)}}.
\end{equation*}
Therefore, $||P^{*k}-U_{A_n}||_{\text{TV}}<\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}e^{-c}+\frac{1}{2}\sqrt{\frac{n!e^{-(n-1.5)c}}{n^{(n-1.5)}}}$ (since $\sqrt{a+b}<\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}$ for any two positive real numbers $a$ and $b$). This proves the first part.
Now let $\epsilon\in (0,1)$ and $k_n=\lfloor(1+\epsilon)(n-\frac{3}{2})\log n\rfloor$. Then \eqref{eq:UB1.2} implies,
\begin{equation}\label{eq: UB 1.3}
0\leq4\;||P^{*k_n}-U_{A_n}||^2_{\text{TV}}<\;e^{n^2e^{-\frac{2k_n}{n-1.5}}}-1+n!e^{-k_n}
\leq e^{n^{-2\epsilon}e^{\frac{2}{n-1.5}}}-1+\frac{n!e}{n^{(1+\epsilon)(n-1.5)}},
\end{equation}
the last inequality of \eqref{eq: UB 1.3} holds because of $k_n+1\geq(1+\epsilon)(n-\frac{3}{2})\log n$. Thus the second part follows from the fact that the right hand side of \eqref{eq: UB 1.3} tends to $0$ as $n\rightarrow\infty$.
\end{proof}
\section{Lower Bound for total variation distance}\label{sec:lower bound}
In this section, we will find a lower bound of the total variation distance $||P^{*k}-U_{A_n}||_{\text{TV}}$ when $k=(n-\frac{3}{2})(\log n+c)$ for $c\ll 0$. To prove the results, we consider the slow term in the upper bound lemma \cite{Diaconis Note1}. The slow term comes from the $(n-1)$-dimensional irreducible representation of $A_n$. In particular, we will define a random variable on $A_n$ giving the number of fixed points of even permutations. This random variable can be viewed as the character of the restriction of \emph{defining} representation $\rho^{\text{def}}$ to $A_n$. The restriction of defining representation decomposes into two irreducible representations of $A_n$ namely the trivial representation and the $(n-1)$-dimensional representation. Thus the character of the $(n-1)$-dimensional irreducible representation plays an important role in this section.
We have seen all the irreducible representation of $A_n$ in Section \ref{sec:representation}. We also know from \cite[Theorem 2.4.6]{Sagan} that all $\lambda\vdash n$ give all non-isomorphic irreducible representations $S^{\lambda}$ of $S_n$. Also \cite[Theorem 4.6.5]{Amri} says that the restriction of the irreducible representation $S^{\lambda}$ of $S_n$ to $A_n$ is an irreducible representation of $A_n$ if $\lambda\neq\lambda^{\prime}$ and a direct sum of two non-isomorphic irreducible representations of $A_n$ if $\lambda=\lambda^{\prime}$. Let $\textbf{[n]}=\{\textbf{1,}\dots,\textbf{ n}\}$ and $\mathbb{C}\textbf{[n]}=\{c_1\textbf{1}+c_2\textbf{2}+\cdots+c_n\textbf{n}\mid c_i\in\mathbb{C}\text{ for all }i\}$. Then we define two representations $\rho^{\text{def}}: S_n\rightarrow GL(\mathbb{C}\textbf{[n]})$ and $\rho^{\text{def}}\otimes\rho^{\text{def}}: S_n\rightarrow GL(\mathbb{C}\textbf{[n]}\otimes\mathbb{C}\textbf{[n]})$ of $S_n$ as follows:
\begin{align*}
&\rho^{\text{def}}(\pi)\left(c_1\textbf{1}+c_2\textbf{2}+\cdots+c_n\textbf{n}\right)=c_1\pi(\textbf{1})+c_2\pi(\textbf{2})+\cdots+c_n\pi(\textbf{n})\text{ for }\pi\in S_n,\text{ and }\\
&(\rho^{\text{def}}\otimes\rho^{\text{def}})(\pi)\left(v_1\otimes v_2\right)=\rho^{\text{def}}(\pi)(v_1)\otimes\rho^{\text{def}}(\pi)(v_2) \text{ for }\pi\in S_n,\; v_1\otimes v_2 \in \mathbb{C}\textbf{[n]}\otimes\mathbb{C}\textbf{[n]}.
\end{align*}
For a more general definition of the tensor product of two representations see \cite[Section 1.5]{Serre}. Let $\psi^{\lambda}$ denote the irreducible character \cite[Section 2.1]{Serre} of $S_n$ corresponding to the irreducible representation given by the partition $\lambda$ of $n$. If $\lambda\vdash n$ is non-self-conjugate, then we denote the irreducible character of $A_n$ corresponding to $\lambda$ by $\chi^{\lambda}$ and if $\lambda\vdash n$ is self-conjugate, then we denote the irreducible characters of $A_n$ corresponding to $\lambda$ by $\chi^{\lambda}_{\pm}$. Also, let $\varepsilon$ be the one-dimensional sign character of $S_n$. Let us recall that an $n$-dimensional linear representation $\rho$ over $\mathbb{C}$ of a finite group $G$ can also be defined by a homomorphism from $G$ to $M^*_n(\mathbb{C})$ (the multiplicative group of all $n\times n$ invertible complex matrices). We now define induced representation using this definition of representation.
\begin{defn}
Let $H$ be a subgroup of $G$ and $g_1H,\;g_2H,\;\dots,\;g_{\ell} H$ are all the distinct left cosets of $H$ in $G$. Let $\rho$ be a representation of $H$. The induced representation $\rho\uparrow_H^G$ is defined by
\begin{equation*}
\rho\uparrow_H^G(g)=\left(
{\begin{array}{cccc}
\rho(g_1^{-1}gg_1) & \rho(g_1^{-1}gg_2) & \dots & \rho(g_1^{-1}gg_{\ell})\\
\rho(g_2^{-1}gg_1) & \rho(g_2^{-1}gg_2) & \dots & \rho(g_2^{-1}gg_{\ell})\\
\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots\\
\rho(g_{\ell}^{-1}gg_1) & \rho(g_{\ell}^{-1}gg_2) & \dots & \rho(g_{\ell}^{-1}gg_{\ell})
\end{array}}
\right),
\end{equation*}
where $\rho(g)$ is the zero matrix if $g\notin H$. We denote the character of the induced representation $\rho\uparrow_H^G$ by $\chi\uparrow_H^G$, where $\chi$ is the character of $\rho$. Note that the dimension of the induced representation $\rho\uparrow_H^G$ is $[G:H]$dim$(\rho)$. We will abbreviate $\chi\uparrow_H^G$ to $\chi\uparrow^G$.
\end{defn}
Let us also recall that $\chi\downarrow_H^G$ denotes the restriction of the character $\chi$ to $H$, where $\chi$ is the character of a representation of the group $G$. We will abbreviate $\chi\downarrow_H^G$ to $\chi\downarrow_H$.
\begin{lem}\label{lem:Restriction}
If $\lambda$ be a non-self-conjugate partition of $n$, then $\psi^{\lambda}\downarrow_{A_n}=\chi^{\lambda}=\chi^{\lambda^{\prime}}$. If $\lambda$ is self-conjugate, then we have $\psi^{\lambda}\downarrow_{A_n}=\chi^{\lambda}_{+}+\chi^{\lambda}_{-}$.
\end{lem}\
\begin{proof}
The proof of this lemma follows directly from \cite[Theorem 4.6.5]{Amri}.
\end{proof}
\begin{prop}\label{prop:induced NC}
For non-self-conjugate $\lambda\vdash n$, we have $\chi^{\lambda}\uparrow^{S_n}=\psi^{\lambda}+\psi^{\lambda^{\prime}}$.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
$S_n$ can be written as the disjoint union of $A_n$ and $(1,2)A_n$ (two distinct left cosets of $A_n$ in $S_n$). Now the proposition follows from \cite[Theorem 4.4.2]{Amri} and definition of induced representation.
\end{proof}
\begin{prop}\label{prop:induced Conj}
For self-conjugate $\lambda\vdash n$, we have $\chi_{\pm}^{\lambda}\uparrow^{S_n}=\psi^{\lambda}$.
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
$A_n$ and $(1,2)A_n$ are two distinct left cosets of $A_n$ in $S_n$. Therefore the proposition follows from the definition of induced representation and \cite[Theorem 4.4.2]{Amri}.
\end{proof}
\begin{prop}\label{prop:linearization of squared character}
Let us recall that $\chi^{\emph{def}}$ is the character of the defining representation $\rho^{\emph{def}}$ of $S_n$. Then
\[\left(\chi^{\emph{def}}\otimes\chi^{\emph{def}}\right)\downarrow_{A_n}=2\;\;\chi^{(n)}+3\;\;\chi^{(n-1,1)}+\;\chi^{(n-2,2)}+\;\chi^{(n-2,1,1)}.\]
\end{prop}
\begin{proof}
\cite[Example 2.1.8]{Sagan} and \cite[Lemma 2.9.16]{JK} gives,
\begin{equation}\label{eq:linearization for symm}
\left(\chi^{\text{def}}\otimes\chi^{\text{def}}\right)=2\;\;\psi^{(n)}+3\;\;\psi^{(n-1,1)}+\;\psi^{(n-2,2)}+\;\psi^{(n-2,1,1)}.
\end{equation}
For any non-self-conjugate $\lambda\vdash n$, Frobenius Reciprocity \cite[Theorem 1.12.6]{Sagan} implies
\begin{align}\label{eq: Linearization of character}
&\quad\left<\;\chi^{\lambda},\;\left(\chi^{\text{def}}\otimes\chi^{\text{def}}\right)\downarrow_{A_n}\right>\nonumber\\
&=\left<\;\chi^{\lambda}\uparrow^{S_n},\;\chi^{\text{def}}\otimes\chi^{\text{def}}\right>\nonumber\\
&=\left<\;\chi^{\lambda}\uparrow^{S_n},\;2\;\;\psi^{(n)}+3\;\;\psi^{(n-1,1)}+\;\psi^{(n-2,2)}+\;\psi^{(n-2,1,1)}\right>,\quad\text{ by \eqref{eq:linearization for symm}}\nonumber\\
&=\left<\;\psi^{\lambda}+\psi^{\lambda^{\prime}},\;2\;\;\psi^{(n)}+3\;\;\psi^{(n-1,1)}+\;\psi^{(n-2,2)}+\;\psi^{(n-2,1,1)}\right>,\quad\text{ by Proposition \ref{prop:induced NC}}.
\end{align}
Now using orthonormality of irreducible characters of $S_n$, expression \eqref{eq: Linearization of character} becomes
\[
\begin{cases}
2,\text{ if }\lambda=(n)\text{ or }(1^n),\\
3,\text{ if }\lambda=(n-1,1)\text{ or }(2,1^{n-1}),\\
1,\text{ if }\lambda=(n-2,2)\text{ or }(2^2,1^{n-4}),\\
1,\text{ if }\lambda=(n-2,1,1)\text{ or }(3,1^{n-3}).
\end{cases}
\]
Again, for any self-conjugate $\lambda\vdash n$, by Frobenius Reciprocity, we have
\begin{align*}
&\left<\;\chi_{\pm}^{\lambda},\;\left(\chi^{\text{def}}\otimes\chi^{\text{def}}\right)\downarrow_{A_n}\right>\\
&=\left<\;\chi_{\pm}^{\lambda}\uparrow^{S_n},\;\chi^{\text{def}}\otimes\chi^{\text{def}}\right>\\
&=\left<\;\chi_{\pm}^{\lambda}\uparrow^{S_n},\;2\;\;\psi^{(n)}+3\;\;\psi^{(n-1,1)}+\;\psi^{(n-2,2)}+\;\psi^{(n-2,1,1)}\right>,\quad\text{ by \eqref{eq:linearization for symm}}\\
&=\left<\;\psi^{\lambda},\;2\;\;\psi^{(n)}+3\;\;\psi^{(n-1,1)}+\;\psi^{(n-2,2)}+\;\psi^{(n-2,1,1)}\right>,\quad\text{ by Proposition \ref{prop:induced Conj}}\\
&=0,\quad\text{ using orthonormality of irreducible characters of }S_n.
\end{align*}
Thus the proposition follows.
\end{proof}
\begin{lem}\label{lem: diagonal for defining action by A_n}
For any $i\in\{1,\dots,n\}$, the number of even permutations $\pi$ in $A_n$ which fixes $i\;($i.e. $\pi(i)=i)$ is $\frac{1}{2}(n-1)!$.
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
We know that the number of permutations $\pi\in S_n$ which fixes $i\in\{1,\dots,n\}$ is $(n-1)!$. Now for each $i$, let us consider the following sets,
\begin{equation*}
\mathcal{S}_i=\{\pi\in S_n\mid\pi(i)=i\}\;\text{ and }\;\mathcal{A}_i=\{\pi\in A_n\mid\pi(i)=i\}.
\end{equation*}
Then we can define a bijection $\psi:\mathcal{A}_i\rightarrow\mathcal{S}_i\setminus\mathcal{A}_i$ by $\pi\mapsto\pi(j,k)$, for fixed $j,k\in\{1,\dots,n\}\setminus\{i\}$ such that $j\neq k$. Therefore, the cardinality of $\mathcal{A}_i$ is same as the cardinality of $\mathcal{S}_i\setminus\mathcal{A}_i$. But we also know that the cardinality of $\mathcal{S}_i$ is $(n-1)!$. Thus $|\mathcal{S}_i|=|\mathcal{A}_i|+|\mathcal{S}_i\setminus\mathcal{A}_i|$ implies $|\mathcal{A}_i|=\frac{1}{2}(n-1)!$.
\end{proof}
Let us define a random variable $X$ on $A_n$ by $X(\pi):=$ the number of fixed points of $\pi$, $\pi\in A_n$. Therefore, we have $X(\pi)=\chi^{\text{def}}\downarrow_{A_n}(\pi)$.
We now find the expectation $E_{U_{A_n}}(X)$ of $X$ under $U_{A_n}$.
\begin{equation}\label{eq: E_U_{A_n}}
E_{U_{A_n}}(X)=\sum\limits_{\pi\in A_n}X(\pi)U_{A_n}(\pi)=\sum\limits_{\pi\in A_n}\chi^{\text{def}}\downarrow_{A_n}(\pi)\frac{2}{n!}
=\frac{2}{n!}\sum\limits_{\pi\in A_n}\text{ Trace}\left(\rho^{\text{def}}\downarrow_{A_n}(\pi)\right).
\end{equation}
We know that for each $i\in \{1,\dots,n\}$, the $(i,i)^{\text{th}}$ entry of the matrix $\left(\sum\limits_{\pi\in A_n}\rho^{\text{def}}\downarrow_{A_n}(\pi)\right)$ is the number of permutations in $A_n$ which fixes $i$. Therefore, using Lemma \ref{lem: diagonal for defining action by A_n} and the linearity of the trace, expression \eqref{eq: E_U_{A_n}} becomes
$\frac{2}{n!}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}\frac{(n-1)!}{2}=1.$
Now we find the expectation $E_k(X)$ and variance $V_k(X)$ of the same random variable $X$ under the distribution $P^{*k}$ on $A_n$. We know, by Example 2.1.8 and Theorem 2.11.2 of \cite{Sagan}, that the defining representation on $S_n$ decomposes into the trivial representation $S^{(n)}$ and the $(n-1)$-dimensional representation $S^{(n-1,1)}$. As the irreducible representations $S^{(n)}$ and $S^{(n-1,1)}$ of $S_n$ are irreducible in $A_n$ \cite[Theorem 4.6.7]{Amri}, we have the following:
\begin{align}\label{eq: E_k1}
E_k(X)=\sum\limits_{\pi\in A_n}X(\pi)P^{*k}(\pi)&=\sum\limits_{\pi\in A_n}\chi^{\text{def}}\downarrow_{A_n}(\pi)P^{*k}(\pi)\nonumber\\
&=\sum\limits_{\pi\in A_n}P^{*k}(\pi)\text{ Trace}\left(\rho^{\text{def}}\downarrow_{A_n}(\pi)\right).
\end{align}
Now using $\left(\sum\limits_{\pi\in A_n}P(\pi)\rho^{\text{def}}\downarrow_{A_n}(\pi)\right)^k=\sum\limits_{\pi\in A_n}P^{*k}(\pi)\rho^{\text{def}}\downarrow_{A_n}(\pi)$ and linearity of the trace, expression \eqref{eq: E_k1} is equal to Trace$\left(\widehat{P}\left(\rho^{\text{def}}\downarrow_{A_n} \right)\right)^k$. Therefore from Table \ref{Table}, we have
\begin{equation}\label{eq: E_k}
E_k(X)=1+(n-3)\left(\frac{2n-5}{2n-3}\right)^k+\left(\frac{n-3}{2n-3}\right)^k\left(1+(-1)^k\right),
\end{equation}
\begin{table}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{c|c}
\hline\\
$\text{Partition of } n$ & $\text{ Eigenvalues of }\widehat{P}(R)\text{ corresponding to the partition of column }1$ \\\\ \hline\hline \\
$(n)$ or $(1^n)$ & $1$ \text{ with algebraic multiplicity} $1$ \\\\ \hline \\
& $\frac{2n-5}{2n-3}$ \text{ with algebraic multiplicity} $n-3$ \\\\
$(n-1,1)$ or $(2,1^{n-1})$ & $-\frac{n-3}{2n-3}$ \text{ with algebraic multiplicity} $1$ \\\\
& $\frac{n-3}{2n-3}$ \text{ with algebraic multiplicity} $1$ \\\\ \hline \\
&$\frac{2n-7}{2n-3}$ \text{ with algebraic multiplicity} $\frac{(n-2)(n-5)}{2}$\\\\
&$\frac{-1}{2n-3}$ \text{ with algebraic multiplicity} $1$\\\\
$(n-2,2)$ or $(2^2,1^{n-4})$ & $\frac{n-3}{2n-3}$ \text{ with algebraic multiplicity} $n-3$ \\\\
& $-\frac{n-3}{2n-3}$ \text{ with algebraic multiplicity} $n-3$ \\\\ \hline \\
&$\frac{2n-7}{2n-3}$ \text{ with algebraic multiplicity} $\frac{(n-3)(n-4)}{2}$\\\\
&$\frac{3}{2n-3}$ \text{ with algebraic multiplicity} $1$\\\\
$(n-2,1^2)$ or $(3,1^{n-3})$ & $\frac{n-5}{2n-3}$ \text{ with algebraic multiplicity} $n-3$ \\\\
& $-\frac{n-5}{2n-3}$ \text{ with algebraic multiplicity} $n-3$ \\\\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
\caption{Eigenvalues of $\widehat{P}(R)$ corresponding to some specific irreducible representations of $A_n$}\label{Table}
\end{table}
\begin{align}\label{eq: V_k1}
E_k(X^2)=\sum\limits_{\pi\in A_n}\left(X(\pi)\right)^2P^{*k}(\pi)&=\sum\limits_{\pi\in A_n}\left(\chi^{\text{def}}\downarrow_{A_n}(\pi)\right)^2P^{*k}(\pi)\nonumber\\
&=\sum\limits_{\pi\in A_n}\left(\chi^{\text{def}}\otimes\chi^{\text{def}}\right)\downarrow_{A_n}(\pi)P^{*k}(\pi).
\end{align}
Using Proposition \ref{prop:linearization of squared character}, expression \eqref{eq: V_k1} can be written as,
\begin{equation}\label{eq:LB E_k^2}
\sum\limits_{\pi\in A_n}P^{*k}(\pi)\left(2\;\;\chi^{(n)}(\pi)+3\;\;\chi^{(n-1,1)}(\pi)+\;\chi^{(n-2,2)}(\pi)+\;\chi^{(n-2,1,1)}(\pi)\right).
\end{equation}
Now if we write $\xi=\sum\limits_{\pi\in A_n}P(\pi)\;\pi$, then using the definition of character and linearity of the trace, expression \eqref{eq:LB E_k^2} equal to,
\begin{align*}
& 2\;\;\chi^{(n)}(\xi^k)+3\;\;\chi^{(n-1,1)}(\xi^k)+\;\chi^{(n-2,2)}(\xi^k)+\;\chi^{(n-2,1,1)}(\xi^k)\\
=&2+3\left((n-3)\left(\frac{2n-5}{2n-3}\right)^k+\left(\frac{n-3}{2n-3}\right)^k\left(1+(-1)^k\right)\right)\\
&\;+\left(\frac{(n-2)(n-5)}{2}\left(\frac{2n-7}{2n-3}\right)^k+\left(\frac{-1}{2n-3}\right)^k+(n-3)\left(\frac{n-3}{2n-3}\right)^k\left(1+(-1)^k\right)\right)\\
&\;+\left(\frac{(n-3)(n-4)}{2}\left(\frac{2n-7}{2n-3}\right)^k+\left(\frac{3}{2n-3}\right)^k+(n-3)\left(\frac{n-5}{2n-3}\right)^k\left(1+(-1)^k\right)\right)
\end{align*}
from Table \ref{Table}.
Therefore from the definition of variance $V_k(X)=E_k(X^2)-\left(E_k(X)\right)^2$ we have
\begin{align}\label{eq: V_k}
V_k(X)= \;& 1+(n-3)\left(\frac{2n-5}{2n-3}\right)^k+\left(\frac{n-3}{2n-3}\right)^k\left(1+(-1)^k\right)\\
&\;\;-\left((n-3)\left(\frac{2n-5}{2n-3}\right)^k+\left(\frac{n-3}{2n-3}\right)^k\left(1+(-1)^k\right)\right)^2\nonumber\\
&\quad+\frac{(n-2)(n-5)}{2}\left(\frac{2n-7}{2n-3}\right)^k+\left(\frac{-1}{2n-3}\right)^k+(n-3)\left(\frac{n-3}{2n-3}\right)^k\left(1+(-1)^k\right)\nonumber\\
&\quad+\frac{(n-3)(n-4)}{2}\left(\frac{2n-7}{2n-3}\right)^k+\left(\frac{3}{2n-3}\right)^k+(n-3)\left(\frac{n-5}{2n-3}\right)^k\left(1+(-1)^k\right).\nonumber
\end{align}
\begin{lem}\label{thm:appx E_k and V_k}
For $V_k(X)$ and $E_k(X)$ defined in \eqref{eq: E_k} and \eqref{eq: V_k} respectively, the following are true
\begin{enumerate}
\item For $c< 0,\;k=(n-\frac{3}{2})(\log n+c)$ and large $n$, we have
\begin{align*}& E_k(X)\approx 1+e^{-c}\left(1+o(1)\right)\\& V_k(X)\approx 1+e^{-c}\left(1+o(1)\right).\end{align*}
\item For any $\epsilon\in(0,1),\;k_n=\lfloor(1-\epsilon)(n-\frac{3}{2})\log n\rfloor$ and large $n$, we have
\begin{align*}& E_{k_n}(X)\approx 1+n^{\epsilon}+o(1)\\& V_{k_n}(X)\approx 1+n^{\epsilon}+o(1)+n^{\epsilon}o(1),\end{align*}
\end{enumerate}
where `$\approx$' means `asymptotic to' i.e. $a_n\approx b_n$ means $\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\frac{a_n}{b_n}=1$.
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
Throughout this proof we denote $d_k=\left(\frac{1+(-1)^k}{2^k}\right)$ for convenience. Note that $0\leq d_k< 1$ for $k\geq 1$. First, we have
\begin{equation}\label{eq: E_k appx in terms of k}
\begin{split}
E_k(X)&=1+(n-3)\left(1-\frac{1}{n-1.5}\right)^k+\left(1-\frac{1.5}{n-1.5}\right)^k\left(\frac{1+(-1)^k}{2^k}\right)\\
&\approx 1+(n-3)e^{-\frac{k}{n-1.5}}+d_ke^{-\frac{1.5k}{n-1.5}}.
\end{split}
\end{equation}
Now from \eqref{eq: V_k}, we have
\begin{align}\label{eq: V_k appx in terms of k}
V_k(X)\approx\;& 1+(n-3)e^{-\frac{k}{n-1.5}}+d_ke^{-\frac{1.5k}{n-1.5}}-\left((n-3)e^{-\frac{k}{n-1.5}}+d_ke^{-\frac{1.5k}{n-1.5}}\right)^2\\
&\quad\quad\quad\quad+\frac{(n-2)(n-5)}{2}e^{-\frac{2k}{n-1.5}}+\left(\frac{-1}{2n-3}\right)^k+(n-3)d_ke^{-\frac{1.5k}{n-1.5}}\nonumber\\
&\quad\quad\quad\quad+\frac{(n-3)(n-4)}{2}e^{-\frac{2k}{n-1.5}}+\left(\frac{3}{2n-3}\right)^k+(n-3)d_ke^{-\frac{3.5k}{n-1.5}}\nonumber\\
=\;& 1+(n-3)e^{-\frac{k}{n-1.5}}+d_ke^{-\frac{1.5k}{n-1.5}}-(n-2)e^{-\frac{2k}{n-1.5}}-2d_k(n-3)e^{-\frac{2.5k}{n-1.5}}\nonumber\\
&\;\;-d_k^2e^{-\frac{3k}{n-1.5}}+\left(\frac{-1}{2n-3}\right)^k+(n-3)d_ke^{-\frac{1.5k}{n-1.5}}+\left(\frac{3}{2n-3}\right)^k+(n-3)d_ke^{-\frac{3.5k}{n-1.5}}.\nonumber
\end{align}
Now for large $n$, if we take $k=(n-\frac{3}{2})(\log n+c),\;c< 0$, then we have $k\geq 1$ and hence $d_k$ is bounded above. Therefore from \eqref{eq: E_k appx in terms of k}, we have $E_k(X)\approx1+e^{-c}\left(1+o(1)\right)$ and from \eqref{eq: V_k appx in terms of k}, we have $V_k(X)\approx1+e^{-c}\left(1+o(1)\right)$ by straightforward calculations. This proves the first part.
Now for any $\epsilon\in(0,1),\;k_n=\lfloor(1-\epsilon)(n-\frac{3}{2})\log n\rfloor$ and we have $k_n\geq 1$ for large $n$. Hence $d_{k_n}$ is bounded above. Therefore from \eqref{eq: E_k appx in terms of k}, we have $E_{k_n}(X)\approx1+n^{\epsilon}+o(1)$ and from \eqref{eq: V_k appx in terms of k}, we have $V_{k_n}(X)\approx1+n^{\epsilon}+o(1)+n^{\epsilon}o(1)$ by straightforward calculations. This proves the second part.
\end{proof}
\begin{thm}\label{thm:LB for Alt}
We have the following:
\begin{enumerate}
\item For large $n,\;||P^{*k}-U_{A_n}||_{\text{TV}}\geq1-\frac{6}{1+e^{-c}(1+o(1))}$, when $k=(n-\frac{3}{2})(\log n+c)$ and $c\ll0$.
\item $\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}||P^{*k_n}-U_{A_n}||_{\text{TV}}=1$, for any $\epsilon\in (0,1)$ and $k_n=\lfloor(1-\epsilon)(n-\frac{3}{2})\log n\rfloor.$
\end{enumerate}
\end{thm}
\begin{proof}
For any positive constant $a$, by Chebychev's inequality, we have
\begin{equation}\label{eq: LB CSV}
P^{*k}\left(\{\pi\in A_n: |X(\pi)-E_k(X)|\leq a\sqrt{V_k(X)} \}\right)\geq1-\frac{1}{a^2}.
\end{equation}
Now we choose positive constant $a$ such that $E_k(X)-a\sqrt{V_k(X)}>0$. Then by Markov's inequality we have,
\begin{align}\label{eq: LB MRKV}
U_{A_n}\left(\{\pi\in A_n: X(\pi)\geq E_k(X)-a\sqrt{V_k(X)} \}\right) & \leq \frac{E_{U_{A_n}}(X)}{E_k(X)-a\sqrt{V_k(X)}}\\
&=\frac{1}{E_k(X)-a\sqrt{V_k(X)}}\nonumber.
\end{align}
Now from the definition of total variation distance, we have
\begin{align}\label{eq:LB}
||P^{*k}-U_{A_n}||_{\text{TV}}&=\sup_{A\subset A_n}|P^{*k}(A)-U_{A_n}(A)|\nonumber\\
&\geq P^{*k}\left(\{\pi\in A_n: |X(\pi)-E_k(X)|\leq a\sqrt{V_k(X)} \}\right)\nonumber\\
&\quad-U_{A_n}\left(\{\pi\in A_n: |X(\pi)-E_k(X)|\leq a\sqrt{V_k(X)} \}\right)\nonumber\\
&\geq P^{*k}\left(\{\pi\in A_n: |X(\pi)-E_k(X)|\leq a\sqrt{V_k(X)} \}\right)\nonumber\\
&\quad-U_{A_n}\left(\{\pi\in A_n: X(\pi)\geq E_k(X)-a\sqrt{V_k(X)} \}\right)\nonumber\\
&\geq 1-\frac{1}{a^2}-\frac{1}{E_k(X)-a\sqrt{V_k(X)}}.
\end{align}
The inequality \eqref{eq:LB} follows by using \eqref{eq: LB CSV} and \eqref{eq: LB MRKV}. In particular, if we take $a=\frac{E_k(X)}{2\sqrt{V_k(X)}}>0$ in the above inequality, we get
\begin{equation}\label{eq:LB main ineq}
||P^{*k}-U_{A_n}||_{\text{TV}}\geq 1-\frac{4V_k(X)}{(E_k(X))^2}-\frac{2}{E_k(X)}.
\end{equation}
Now if $n$ is large, $c\ll0$ and $k=(n-\frac{3}{2})(\log n+c)$, then by \eqref{eq:LB main ineq} and by the first part of Lemma \ref{thm:appx E_k and V_k}, we have the first part of this theorem.
Again for any $\epsilon\in (0,1)$ and $k_n=\lfloor(1-\epsilon)(n-\frac{3}{2})\log n\rfloor$ from \eqref{eq:LB main ineq} and by the second part of Lemma \ref{thm:appx E_k and V_k}, we have the following:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:LB cutoff limit}
1\geq ||P^{*k_n}-U_{A_n}||_{\text{TV}}\geq 1-\frac{4(1+n^{\epsilon}+o(1)+n^{\epsilon}o(1))}{(1+n^{\epsilon}+o(1))^2}-\frac{2}{1+n^{\epsilon}+o(1)},
\end{equation}
for large $n$. Therefore, the second part of this theorem follows from \eqref{eq:LB cutoff limit} and the following:
\begin{align*}
&\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\frac{4(1+n^{\epsilon}+o(1)+n^{\epsilon}o(1))}{(1+n^{\epsilon}+o(1))^2}=0,\\
&\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}\frac{2}{1+n^{\epsilon}+o(1)}=0.
\end{align*}
\end{proof}
\begin{cor}[Total variation cutoff for transpose top-$2$ with random shuffle]
The transpose top-$2$ with random shuffle on $A_n$ driven by $P\;$
exhibits the total variation cutoff phenomenon and the cutoff is at $(n-\frac{3}{2})\log n$.
\end{cor}
\begin{proof}
The proof follows from the second part of the Theorems \ref{thm:UB for Alt} and \ref{thm:LB for Alt}.
\end{proof}
For example, if $n=10$, the plot for $||P^{*k}-U_{A_{10}}||_{\text{TV}}$ vs. $k$ is given in Figure \ref{Figure: Fig}. In this case the cutoff is at $8.5\times \log 10 = 19.572$ and Figure \ref{Figure: Fig} confirms this.
\begin{figure}[h]
\centering
\includegraphics{n=10}
\caption{ Plot for $||P^{*k}-U_{A_{10}}||_{\text{TV}}$ vs. $k$ }
\label{Figure: Fig}
\end{figure}
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Command Tooling Systems is the technology leader in toolholder manufacturing for high-precision machining operations. Command manufactures standard, precision, and special application tooling systems to service the needs of the manufacturing community in industries including automotive, medical, aerospace, computer, defense electronics, and job shops.
All Command toolholders are made with American 8620 steel. Coolant options, extra balancing, and RFID chips are offered on all of our holders. Private labeling is available.
If you are looking for a solution to your application challenge, our special toolholder manufacturing may be your answer. With a quote provided on average within 24 hours, and quick product turn-around, nobody offers a faster, higher quality, and more economical solution than Command. All special toolholders are designed by Command's in-house engineers and manufactured with only USA-made steel.
Command's special toolholders include special sizing modifications for all its standard toolholder products. We offer thru coolant, surround coolant, DIN coolant, and a variety of balancing options.
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I just found your blog and am so excited to read it and catch up on your adventures in Morocco! Unfortunately, I haven't posted on our blog for about a year and a half. When we get it up and running again I will let you know!
I just found your blog and am so excited to read through it and catch up on your lives!
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Inflation- Central Banks Making Sure It Happens Everywhere
Economics / Inflation Mar 20, 2009 - 09:55 AM GMT
"Gold and the Euro just hooked up together again. But for how long depends on central-bank policy..."
SO BEN BERNANKE SAYS the United States has plunged into a deflationary depression.
Really, that's what Wednesday's Fed announcement said, shouting it loud and shouting it proud.
Because Bernanke's deflation-prevention policies have failed. So he's gone to applying the cure instead.
"The US government has a technology, called a printing press (or, today, its electronic equivalent), that allows it to produce as many US dollars as it wishes at essentially no cost."
So said the Maestro's apprentice when still merely a governor, rather than chairman, November 2002, speaking to the National Economists Club in D.C.
You may recall that Consumer Price Inflation, on the official measures at least, had just sunk to a 38-year low, hiking the cost of living barely 1.0% per year. The asset-price deflation hitting tech stock investors, meantime, had just found its floor (not that anyone knew it) some four-fifths below the peak of 31 months before.
Looked at both preventing deflation (target inflation above zero, say from 1-3% per year; ensure financial stability, by lending freely to banks whenever trouble hits; act "preemptively and more aggressively in cutting rates when inflation is already low and the fundamentals of the economy suddenly deteriorate) as well as curing it.
"Deflation is always reversible under a fiat money system," Bernanke announced, claiming that his conclusion "follows from basic economic reasoning." To wit, "a little parable may prove useful:
"Today an ounce of gold sells for $300, more or less. Now suppose that a modern alchemist solves his subject's oldest problem by finding a way to produce unlimited amounts of new gold at essentially no cost. Moreover, his invention is widely publicized and scientifically verified, and he announces his intention to begin massive production of gold within days.
"What would happen to the price of gold?"
Fast forward six-and-a-half years, and it's not gold which Ben Bernanke has produced in unlimited amounts at no cost, but US Dollars. But given his obsession with the Great Depression – and given that money was gold seven decades ago – you get the point.
"Presumably, the potentially unlimited supply...would cause the market price...to plummet. Indeed, if the market is to any degree efficient, the price would collapse immediately after the announcement of the invention, before the alchemist had produced and marketed a single ounce."
Look at the chart, and you can see what the Fed chairman meant. It shows what he did for gold and the Euro with Wednesday's $1.25 trillion devaluation of the greenback. Both shot higher on the news. Neither has given back too much of their jump yet.
But while the Euro had already been ticking higher, the Gold Price vs. the Dollar had been falling. Looking back over the last seven year, in fact, the nine weeks starting mid-Jan. were something of an aberration. The Euro and gold moved in opposite directions. Whereas, seeing how committed to dollar devaluation the Federal Reserve clearly remains – especially now deflation avoidance has failed – both should really move together.
"As I have stressed already," Bernanke explained back in late 2002, "prevention of deflation remains preferable to having to cure it. If we do fall into deflation, however, we can take comfort that the logic of the printing press example must assert itself, and sufficient injections of money will ultimately always reverse a deflation."
Trouble is, if the Dollar falls then other currencies must rise. We've already had clear devaluations from the UK, US and Swiss authorities. The Japanese can't be far behind; they sold their own currency all through mid-decade, desperate to apply Bernanke's "deflation cure" vs. the Dollar.
Once the Bank of Japan fires up its "quantitative easing" again, that would leave only the Euro still to devalue.
Maybe gold and the single currency will soon diverge again.
Ajisco
24 Jun 09, 15:53 Element of Banking
define the term inflation
|
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Items The Yamacraw Section, Savannah, Ga.
The Yamacraw Section, Savannah, Ga.
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Jean Blackwell Hutson Research and Reference Division
Douglass, H. Paul (Harlan Paul), 1871-1953
Christian reconstruction in the South
Douglass, H. Paul (Harlan Paul), 1871-1953 (Author)
Publisher: The Pilgrim press
Shelf locator: Sc 266-D (Douglass, H. P. Christian reconstruction in the South)
Southern States -- Economic conditions
American Missionary Association
Missions -- Southern States
African Americans -- Southern States
Halftone photomechanical prints
Universal Unique Identifier (UUID): 3bb80870-c6cc-012f-8550-58d385a7bc34
1909: Issued
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Jean Blackwell Hutson Research and Reference Division, The New York Public Library. "The Yamacraw Section, Savannah, Ga." The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1909. http://digital.gallery.nypl.org/items/510d47de-1d80-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Jean Blackwell Hutson Research and Reference Division, The New York Public Library. "The Yamacraw Section, Savannah, Ga." New York Public Library Digital Collections. Accessed January 22, 2020. http://digital.gallery.nypl.org/items/510d47de-1d80-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, Jean Blackwell Hutson Research and Reference Division, The New York Public Library. (1909). The Yamacraw Section, Savannah, Ga. Retrieved from http://digital.gallery.nypl.org/items/510d47de-1d80-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99
<ref name=NYPL>{{cite web | url=http://digital.gallery.nypl.org/items/510d47de-1d80-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99 | title= (still image) The Yamacraw Section, Savannah, Ga., (1909) |author=Digital Collections, The New York Public Library |accessdate=January 22, 2020 |publisher=The New York Public Library, Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations}}</ref>
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As much as I love quaint historic villages and the imposing structures built during the past centuries, I am a huge fan of modern, futuristic architecture and quirky design too. An important part of my travels is to include destinations that feature unique modern architectural masterpieces and innovative places.
This year, I was able to tick off several locations from my ever growing list. All of them were amazing in their own right and I had a great time exploring them.
So here are my top 5 architecture-led travel moments in 2018.
Rioja in northern Spain is not only a location for wine lovers. Alongside the world-renown and award-winning wines it is also home to several truly amazing design-led wineries.
Perhaps the most famous is the stunning Marques de Riscal although the modern building with the amazing roof designed by Frank Gehry actually is a hotel. It is however part of the 'city of wine' including the historic Bodegas Marques de Riscal winery, which is one of the oldest but nevertheless one of the most innovative within the Rioja Alavesa wine region, founded in 1858.
There are several more which are worth a visit though, including Bodegas Baigorri, Bodegas Ysios, R. Lopes de Heredia, Vina Real, Eguren Ugarte and the winery and wine museum Bodegas Vivanco and Dinastia Vivanco. Many of these structures are not only spectacular looking. They have been built to incorporate the most innovative and sustainable production processes. For example, a number of them were built largely into the underground and using gravity to make the wine.
If you want to know more about the wineries of Rioja and the region itself, check out my posts here and here.
The futuristic-looking swirling aluminium and glass structure that is shaped like a giant wine decanter, shimmering in hues of gold and blue, rising 55 metres high on the banks of the Garonne river, will catch you eye already from afar.
Cité du Vin, Bordeaux's latest wine museum since opening its doors in summer 2016 has attracted some one million visitors; and this certainly also thanks to its futuristic look. However, the main reason to visit is found inside where a number of excellent wine-related exhibitions wait to be explored. The museum is highly interactive and an audio system allows the visitor to engage with the exhibition in a whole new way.
It's safe to say, there is currently no other wine museum that could rival the experience offered by Cité du Vin.
This is truly one of the most jaw dropping structures I have visited over the past few years. To a large part, this is down to its amazing rooftop which is formed of nearly 8,000 steel stars letting through the sunlight and by doing so creating the most stunning impressions of light and shadows.
The complex is composed of 55 different but interwoven whitewashed buildings nestled on the shores of the blue-greenish Arabian gulf.
In addition to the amazing architecture, this place should be on your list for its historic and modern art exhibitions from all over the world. Indeed, with 8,000 sq m of galleries, it is now the largest museum in the Middle East.
Trust me, you can spend hours here without getting board. And when you are getting exhausted from wandering the galleries, head to the Museum Café restaurant. It is one of those which are part of a new generation of museum restaurants that actually offer exquisite food, with a breakfast, lunch and dinner menu.
Read all about my visit to Louve Abu Dhabi here.
Getting a firsthand glimpse of Oslo Opera was one of the (well yes, many) reasons to visit Oslo. And it certainly did not disappoint. It's a beautiful piece of architecture made of white marble, granite and glass, designed to resemble a glacier rising out of the Oslo Fjord.
Although many buildings allow you to access the rooftop, Oslo Opera is actually build in a way that allows you to walk up the buildings 'walls' in order to get to the roof, at the top offering amazing views over the city and Oslo Fjord.
A futuristic, jaw dropping complex, the stunning City of Arts and Sciences in Valencia was perhaps my favourite design moment in 2018. Build by star architects Santiago Calatrava (the same who is currently building the world's next largest building, The Towner, in Dubai) and Felix Candela.
The complex is made up of a number of different buildings which are home to various museums, an opera and Europe's largest oceanographic park spanning 110,000 sq m with 42 million litres of water and more than 500 species.
Do you integrate architecture and design into your travels? What was the most stunning architectural location you have visited so far?
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Calling all oversees operators and investors! Now is your chance to take a strong foothold in London! That's the rallying cry that we're hearing from a number of recent client enquiries at Mystery.
There is always an opportunity to profit from an economic downturn, you just have to position yourself and know where to look for the right opportunities… And in F&B/hospitality it's a great time for entrepreneurs and foreign investors.
With the GBP at an astonishing low against the US Dollar, the opportunity to acquire or establish a brand in London has never looked so appealing: Not only does the exchange rate mean that the cost is nearly 20% less than a year ago, but the Capital market in the UK seems to be temporarily paralysed by the Brexit aftershock, which means businesses in need of funding for expansion will need to put their plans on hold or grow out of cash flow (at a far slower pace).
In the last few weeks, Mystery has been contacted by three international restaurant operators looking to make the most of the financial advantage and seize the opportunity to develop business both in London and in the wider UK.
An established market, Britain shares many of the cultural eating habits with Americans particularly and with the growing number of US brands thriving in the UK such as Five Guys and Shake Shack, the low 'Pound' means that the restaurant and hospitality sector, in London particularly, will see a boom in tourism customers over the next year.
However, having been based in the US over last couple of years, my foreign perspective has illuminated some of the key cultural differences with the UK when it comes to eating out in the mid-market casual dining sector.
One worth mentioning is the size of Menu. The US market seems to demand huge amounts of choice and customization from their restaurants, whilst conversely, the British seem to prefer help making the their decision.
We helped turn around a struggling New York bagel concept that had launched in the UK by adapting their menu from a build-your-own offer with a dozen types of bagel; a choice of fillings; and another choice of toppings - which in New York had been the de facto format – by simplifying the offer to their 8 most popular orders. The speed of sale dramatically increased and they stopped losing customers from the back of the line, driving a similar increase in sales.
Flavour profiles are also worth considering. We have had to tweak the recipes for a UK concept that we have recently helped launch in the States.
The cultural differences are subtle, but worth taking seriously. However, judging by the number of enquiries we get at Mystery, there is still a strong appetite for American concepts here in the UK with operators considering Barbecue and Smoke House concepts in particular.
Mystery helped develop the Hawaiian Kua'Aina concept for the UK market, with successful sites in London and Belfast.
In short, if you're a foreign investor, looking for hospitality or F&B retail opportunity, the UK is the place to search! And if you're a start up with a great idea or an independent looking to move to the next level, make use of the Brexit fallout while you can. It's a great time to pitch for foreign investment.
Over the last 18 years, we've worked with a large number of F&B operators and been fortunate enough to build solid local knowledge and a network of expert partners in menu development, hospitality recruitment, training, marketing, PR and property. We love to connect operators with investors (sometimes investing ourselves!). With that in mind it's hardly surprising that we're noting this increase in attention from overseas.
Be inspired - get in touch and see how we can help you. Contact us here.
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Flash Fiction - COLD FAIRY MOON by Linda Mooney
COLD FAIRY MOON
A fantasy romance flash fiction
Sassa sensed him coming up from behind her. Her heart sped up a little, but she kept her attention focused on the large crowd gathered in the distance. More specifically on the fireworks and other things people were shooting into the sky.
Brinn sat down next to her. "What 'cha doing?"
"Watching."
He gaze out at the celebration. "It's loud."
"It always is."
"But they seem happy."
"I bet they are."
He cast her a side eye. "You sound…"
"Bitter?"
"Cynical."
She snorted in reply. To her surprise, he scooted closer to her, to where their shoulders almost touched.
"It'll be the new year pretty soon. That's always a reason to be happy," he observed.
"Why?" Realizing how she must sound, Sassa apologized. "I'm sorry. I didn't mean for it to come out sounding the way it did."
"It's all right. No offense taken."
A shriek of joy rent the night sky as another rocket zoomed upward and exploded in a kaleidoscope of colors. Brinn raised an arm to point to something overhead, and the feel of it brushing up against hers sent a little thrill through her. Glancing over at him, she noticed the delight on his face.
"See that?" he asked.
She following his pointing finger. "Yeah. So?"
"It's a full moon tonight. Know what people are calling it?"
Sassa grinned. "Other than a full moon?"
"They're calling it the Cold Fairy Moon."
"It's supposed to be an omen of good luck."
This time she reared back to give him a quizzical look. "Good luck?"
Spreading a big grin across his face, Brinn nodded.
"With a Cold Fairy Moon?"
"What does that even mean? That fairies get cold?"
The smile drooped slightly. "I guess that's what they think."
"Or that fairies are cold-natured?"
He shrugged. "I don't know, Sassa. I'm just repeating what I've heard."
Realizing she'd trodden on his good nature again, she reined her tone in. "So what kind of good luck is this moon supposed to bring?"
"A happy new year." He appeared reluctant to elaborate.
"Is that all?" she pressed.
"Well, I heard someone say that dreams will come true. People will find true love. There'll be better health all around, and everyone will find happiness."
She blinked. "All because of a Cold Fairy Moon?"
"All because this Cold Fairy Moon appears on New Year's Eve."
She stared up between the bare tree limbs at the huge, milky white orb that sat almost directly above them. "Did someone ever tell them that fairies don't get cold?"
He chuckled. "I don't think it matters to them."
He moved his arm again, this time bumping against hers and sending another little shiver through her. He noticed the slight movement. "Are you sure you're okay?" His hand folded over hers. Unconsciously, she spread her fingers to let him lace his between them.
"Yeah. I'm sorry I'm being such a goose. I do hope the Cold Fairy Moon brings us good luck this next year."
A loud explosion made her jump. Instinctively, she leaned over to Breen and clutched the front of his shirt. His other arm went protectively around her shoulder. She turned to look at him as the sky turned a brilliant blue, then red, then yellow.
They were almost nose-to-nose. She didn't want to disengage herself from his embrace, but neither did she want him to think she was asking…
Oh, shoot. What does it matter?
"So we're supposed to find love, happiness, and good health?" she confirmed.
"And have our dreams come true."
"How's that going to happen? Do we have to…ask?"
It was difficult to read the expression in his eyes. Luckily, she didn't have to.
Slowly, almost hesitantly, he closed the distance between them to touch her lips with his. It was a sweet kiss. A warm kiss, in spite of the chilly temperature. Sadly, it ended too soon. Sassa didn't try to hide her disappointment when he pulled away.
"I guess it depends on who you ask, and what you ask for," he softly replied. "Sassa? I'm tired of seeing you so sad. You deserve to be happy. You deserve to find love."
It was difficult to tell what sound was louder—the crowd of revelers, the fireworks, or her thudding heart.
"Brinn." She got no further. He leaned in again to kiss her a second time, another sweet, warm, but too-brief pressure. When he released her, she almost reached for him.
"I have a request to make. I'm going to ask," he informed her. "Give me a chance, Sassa. Let's both start the new year afresh. Let's look for happiness together. Let's work on being healthy together. Let's…see what love has in store…for the both of us. Whaddya say, Sassa? Are you willing to give us a chance?"
She drew a shaky breath. Would now be the time to tell him how much she'd been wishing to hear him say what he was saying? She cast her eyes upward once more at the brilliant moonlight flooding the world. The Cold Fairy Moon. "All I have to do is ask?" she whispered.
"Uh-huh." He raised an eyebrow at her. "And I'm all ears."
Her eyes automatically went to the side of his head. Brinn had some of the sexiest looking ears of any man she'd seen. Their pointed tips almost curled.
"I would love to start this new year fresh with you," she confessed. "I'm ready for some happiness."
"And love?"
She didn't try to hide her smile. "And love."
Another bone-jarring boom rattled the sky, ending in cascading white trails.
Brinn got to his feet and held out a hand. She took it, and he helped her to her feet.
"Come on. How about we go somewhere where it's not so noisy? Where we can look at the moon in private?"
"Sounds wonderful."
Spreading his iridescent wings, Brinn launched himself off the twig they'd been sitting on. Sassa unfolded her wings to follow after him, and together, they soared into the sky, keeping just above the treetops to avoid being seen as the celebrations continued throughout the night.
Labels: Cold Fairy Moon, Fantasy Romance, flash fiction, Linda Mooney, short story
HERE BE NEWS for Monday December 28, 2020
Welcome to HERE BE NEWS, where each monday we bring you all the latest from the fantasy romance authors at Here Be Magic:
Tuesday December 22, 2020: Author Deborah A. Bailey discusses the challenges of writing fiction and nonfiction.
Wednesday December 23, 2020: Author PG Forte shares an excerpt from Winter World of Love on WIP-It Wednesday!
Did you get a new e-reader for Christmas? Stock it with awesome reads from today's bestselling and hot new authors: http://bit.ly/2020StockingSale #PNR #UF
And if you didn't get a new e-reader, check out our contest for a chance to win one!
http://bit.ly/2020StockingSale
WiP-It Wednesday for December 23, 2020
PG Forte: I'm currently working on a new short Christmas story set in my Winter Hearts Steampunk world. When it's done (hopefully by week's end) Winter World of Love will be available ONLY to members of my FB Readers Group, The Crone's Nest. Here's a sneak peek at the cover and an excerpt. Link to join the Crone's Nest will appear below. Enjoy!
Republic of New Texacali
Ophelia rubbed her sleeve across the glass of the airship's porthole hoping that if she cleared away the condensation, the view outside would improve. But to no avail. The wintery landscape—rocky earth lightly dusted with snow, stunted trees and gray-green shrubs—continued to flash by at a dizzying pace. "Dario?" she called—but quietly, trying to keep the alarm from her voice. "We seem to be traveling extremely fast."
"Amazing, isn't it?" Her husband, perched beside the pilot's seat, flashed a smile at her over his shoulder. "I told you the ride would be smooth. Why, it hardly feels like we're moving at all."
"Yes," Ophelia repeated faintly. "Amazing." She folded her hands in her lap, in an attempt to project poise, but the cold weather—or perhaps her own inner tension—caused the fingers of her injured hand to twist and bend at such odd angles that the resultant jumble of digits looked ridiculously awkward. She grabbed her muff from the seat beside her and thrust her hands inside, where at least she'd be spared the sight of them.
"What's wrong?" Dario asked gently. "You're not frightened, are you? Because, I assure you, we're quite safe."
"Frightened?" Ophelia forced a smile. "Oh, good heavens, no." She clenched her hands together a little more tightly. "I'm just…surprised, that's all."
There was absolutely no sense in arguing the point. Of course, Dario believed them to be safe. She had no idea why he thought that needed saying. Not when he was currently demonstrating that belief by allowing their eight-year-old son to pilot the airship.
But a belief, no matter how sincerely it was held, was not a fact. And it just so happened that Ophelia had her own thoughts on the wisdom of entrusting so important and delicate an operation to a child. Regardless of how intellectually advanced said child happened to be. "But, even so, this rate of speed is surely not necessary?"
"Maybe not, but really, Lia," Dario chided. "There's nothing at all to worry about. I promise you! This ship could easily go much faster. I'd be happy to show you, if you'd like."
"Oh, pray, do not!" Ophelia protested. "I find this present rate of speed quite sufficient. Really, I do."
"I'm forgetting. You're used to traveling only on very large ships, aren't you? Very well." Dario tapped one of the levers on the control panel. "Here, Arthur. This one—the throttle—pull back on it a bit. Yes, like that. There's a good lad."
"The thing to remember about big ships," Dario said, addressing Ophelia once again, turning his back on Arthur even as the boy matter-of-factly slowed the ship to a less nerve-wracking speed. "Is that they're harder to maneuver. It takes more time to alter their course, more space to turn them. So, of course they move more slowly—they'd have to. They also tend to have relatively weak engines and, much like traditional sailing ships, they rely largely on the wind to take them where they need to go."
"I'm sure you're right," Ophelia allowed, recalling the ponderous transcontinental cruiser that had brought her here. Old, and not in the best of shape, every minute it had stayed aloft had seemed a miracle. Had that fateful, and perilous-seeming, voyage really taken place only a year ago? It seemed a lifetime had passed since then. So much had happened. So much had changed. "However—"
"This little craft, on the other hand, besides being smaller and more responsive, was designed with an aerodynamic shape that lets it slice through the air with very little resistance," Dario explained, clearly warming to his topic. "Also, for its size, it boasts an extremely powerful engine. If you'd just let me demonstrate, I'm sure I could make you feel more comfortable."
Ophelia shook her head. Why could not Dario understand that it would make no difference? It didn't matter how powerful the engine was, or how smooth the ride. It wasn't even really the speed, per se, that frightened her, or even the fact that it was her baby who held their lives in his inexperienced hands; it was the thought of them falling out of the sky, the pain they'd experience upon impact, the all but inevitable bursting into flame. Having literally crashed and burned a year ago, albeit not while in an aircraft, she felt her fears were not unreasonable.
Of course, she hadn't exactly communicated those fears to Dario because…oh, because she didn't want him to fuss. She didn't want it to be one more thing about her that needed fixing. She wanted him to stop looking at her like she was a failed project and more like, well, a lover. A wife. As someone desirable; not someone who was merely hopelessly flawed.
"Papa—look!" Arthur interrupted, briefly stopping his mother's heart (and, not incidentally, proving her point) by gesturing at something beyond the ship's front windscreen, and letting go of the steering wheel as he did. "Horses! But why are they out here all on their own? Are they escaping?"
"Where?" Dario leaned in for a better look, casually reaching out a hand, as he did, to steady the wheel before it could begin to spin on its own and send them all tumbling to their deaths. "Oh, yes, I see them. No need for alarm, my boy. I believe that's a herd of wild mustangs you've spotted."
"Wild? D'you mean they don't belong to anyone?"
With his free hand, Dario ruffled his son's hair. "On the contrary, Arthur. They belong to themselves. Which is as it ought to be for all God's creatures."
Ophelia felt a surge of emotion. This easy relationship between Dario and their son—the son she'd denied him for so long—the implicit faith, trust and affection, the shared interests, the casual acceptance, was everything she'd dreamed of, and barely dared to hope for, when she'd first thought to bring Arthur to New Texacali. And, even now, all these months later, after they'd all settled into their new life and their new routine; after they'd re-established themselves as a family; long past the point where she should have become inured to it, the sight still had the power to bring tears to her eyes.
Although, if she were honest, they were not always tears of joy.
Because this could have been the life they'd always had—if she and Dario had made different choices earlier in their marriage. If they'd reacted differently to provocation; if they'd been more open and honest with one another; if they'd trusted each other more, then, perhaps, the entire last nine years could have been like this; not just the past nine months.
To read more (when it's finished!) join The Crone's Nest: https://www.facebook.com/groups/TheCronesNest
Labels: Christmas stories, free read, PG Forte, Steampunk
Challenges in Writing Fiction & Non-Fiction
I've met a few fiction authors who have also wanted to write non-fiction books. Maybe because they want to share their expertise, or want to provide writing tips or some kind of coaching. It can be tricky when you want to go from one to the other. It's been a balancing act for me for many years.
My first professional writing job was as a catalog copywriter for JC Penney, where I wrote about women's fashions and toys. In that position I learned how to put a lot of description into a very small space. We were limited to 1 or 2 sentences of copy to describe an item. That included all the selling points the customer needed to know. To make it even more of a challenge, the copy had to be engaging and not just a list of features.
On the plus side, when you're forced to make every word count there's no room for fluff or filler. My copy had to sell the item to the reader. It had to catch their attention and provide all the information they needed to make a decision to buy.
Writing lean is something I still do today. Which might explain why I tend to favor novella-length books when I write. Though I did write one book with over 100K words, that isn't my norm.
After several years in catalog copywriting, I changed careers into IT, which is about as far away as you can get from writing sales copy.
During my time as a computer programmer, I didn't write any fiction, or non-fiction for that matter. During that time I put my fiction writing on hold. There was never enough time to focus on my interests outside of work, and being on-call took up a lot my leisure time.
What's really funny is that when I decided to transition into technical writing, I was once told by an HR person that I was "too technical to write." As though those years in IT somehow wiped away all my communications skills.
Unfortunately I think a lot of people believe that it's hard (if not impossible) to bridge the gap between creative writing and non-fiction writing. That's obviously not true, though. I know of a few non-fiction authors who later decided to publish novels. So it is certainly possible to do both.
As a technical writer my "voice" has to be more formal. Usually the passive voice is the way people in corporate communicate. But unless you want to put your readers to sleep, I wouldn't recommend it for fiction.
Of course writing non-fiction books doesn't have to be like writing technical documentation. Non-fiction authors can, and do, write in very creative ways. But it can be daunting to go from writing one to the other. Not to mention that, just as I had with that HR professional, expectorations can end up discouraging the author who wants to do both.
It can also be tough letting go of the passive voice, or the instructional one so that you can write fiction. So it never hurts to take classes (if you've only ever written one or the other) and to do free writing in order to find your own voice.
What helped me bridge the gap between those two writing styles was to start a blog. At first my writing was quite formal, but in time I was able to loosen up a bit. At times it's still challenging, especially when I'm working on a book. It's not always easy to turn off my work laptop and forget all the technical items I've been working on all day.
But I can say that blogging did help me when I wrote my first book, Think Like an Entrepreneur: Transforming Your Career and Taking Charge of Your Life. In fact, many of the blog posts ended up being included. Though at that time I was also writing and publishing short stories.
My first published novel, Hathor Legacy: Outcast was rewritten about 3 times, which isn't exactly a bad thing. It took a while for me to get into the fictional world I was building, and let go of the more formal language I'd been using at work. Looking back, I don't think I was completely successful in letting go of the formal structure. But it taught me how to do better the next time around - which is always good.
To me, the big difference between fiction and non-fiction is allowing yourself to get lost in a character (and a fictional world). Sure, you can have creative non-fiction as well, but that's not what I'm referring to here. Business writing (even if you're a coach writing about personal experiences) still isn't the same as writing from a character's POV.
But, if you enjoy writing and you do it regularly, I think you can find your balance between the two. That's how you get better at it. No matter what it is: short, long, non-fiction, fiction, poetry - just write it.
Once you're writing, you might find it's not so much about striking a balance as it is finding the flow. Maybe by that point, it won't really be challenging at all. It will be a natural way for you to tell your stories and express the things you want to say.
Labels: fiction, writing
HERE BE NEWS for December 21, 2020
Thursday December 17, 2020: Maureen Bonatch wraps up the year with a contest, a cookbook and a cutie. :)
Several of PG Forte's holiday-themed books are on sale between now and the end of the year. IRON, OAK, Finders Keepers and This Winter Heart are all available for only .99 each.
Previously published as The Oak King.
Twice each year, Aine Murphy ventures into the woods to hold ceremonies to honor the Oak King and the Holly King, never dreaming these Lords of the Forest could be anything more than myth. When the legends spring to life in front of her, how can she help but fall for the sexy demi-gods she's loved all her life?
From midwinter to midsummer, Fionn O'Dair rules the Greenworld as the Oak King--a role he feels is beyond his abilities, and one that dooms him to a loveless future, forever craving the one man he can never allow himself to have. How can he resist what Aine offers--the sweet devotion that soothes his aching soul, and the slim chance to live a "normal" life as her husband, if only for half a year?
Holly King Kieran Mac Cuilenn never desired a human lover--until now. Seeing Fionn and Aine together fills him with longing for the love he threw away and awakens feelings he thought he'd buried with the last Oak King. Is there enough magic in the solstice to correct the mistakes he made years ago? Or is he doomed to be forever left out in the cold?
Buy Links at: https://www.pgforte.com/celtic-legends
Sometimes finding what you want is the easy part.
Caleb is a bionic soldier with little-to-no memory of his past. Aldo's an undercover cop who's searching for the man who got away. Then there's Sally, an ER physician who used to be married to Aldo's late partner, Davis. Sally's just looking for a reason to keep on getting up every day.
This holiday season, chance will bring them together and give them an opportunity to help one another find what they each want most. But every gift comes with a price. And keeping what they've found once they've found it?
Yeah, that's gonna be the hard part.
Buy Links at: https://www.pgforte.com/finders-keepers
This Winter Heart
Eight years ago, Ophelia Leonides's husband cast her off when he discovered she was not the woman he thought she was. Now destitute after the death of her father, Ophelia is forced to turn to Dario for help raising the child she never told him about.
Dario is furious that Ophelia has returned, and refuses to believe Arthur is his son - after all, he thought his wife was barren. But to avoid gossip, he agrees to let them spend the holidays at his villa. While he cannot resist the desire he still feels for Ophelia, Dario despises himself for being hopelessly in love with a woman who can never love him back.
But Dario is wrong: Ophelia's emotions are all too human, and she was brokenhearted when he rejected her. Unsure if she can trust the man she desperately loves, she fears for her life, her freedom and her son if anyone else learns of her true nature...
Buy Links at: https://www.pgforte.com/winter-hearts
Nineteenth century Ireland. Blacksmith Gavin O'Malley is a bitter man, with a heart as hard as the iron he forges. He wants his life back--the one that was stolen from him the day his wife died in childbirth, taking their firstborn son with her.
When Aislinn Deirbhile, an immortal, shape-shifting fae, arrives on his doorstep, he knows he's in luck. For Aislinn can give Gavin everything he's been missing: A devoted-seeming wife in the image of his beloved Mairead, and children who are sure to outlive their father. Now, all he has to do is find a way to keep her--without losing his immortal soul in the process.
But Aislinn has an agenda of her own. On the run from a vengeful fae lord who's vowed to either make her his or end her existence, she knows the iron that allows Gavin to take her captive will also keep her pursuers at bay. In order to put herself permanently beyond her enemy's reach, however, Aislinn will need something more. She'll need to win Gavin's heart and convince him to willingly part with a piece of the very soul he's trying to save.
That Christmas was the happiest Gavin had known since childhood. He was up early for Christmas Mass, leaving the house shortly before dawn, and leaving a pouting Aislinn in his bed with the promise he'd be back within a few hours time to fix breakfast for her.
While the world lay silent and cold, he made his solitary way into town, his path lit only by the stars that sparkled overhead and the Christmas candles that burned in the front window of every house he passed. And a thought occurred to him, as he walked along the empty lane, that each flame was a sign of hope for the future—and that, perhaps, he could feel an answering flicker, newly kindled in the darkness of his own heart. And he laughed at himself then, for putting on such airs and for the absurdity of his thoughts and his breath puffed out in little white clouds that melted away in the frosty air.
When he got to Saint Ita's he found a seat in the very last pew, where he'd be sure of being among the first out the door when mass ended. He didn't take Communion, although he'd made his Confession just the day before and he was sure Father Cullen would remark on that fact the next time he saw him. But too much had happened between then and now and his soul did not feel easy with the thought of it. Although he'd still have sworn to anyone who'd asked him that the woman he'd made love to the day before had been his wife, a small part of him doubted whether the Church—or Mairead herself—would choose to see things in quite the same way.
Not that he regretted his actions of the day before. To the contrary, he felt more at peace with himself that morning than he had in many a year. But his mind was so consumed with thoughts of repeating the act he barely heard a word of the service and hurried off as soon as it was over, before anyone could engage him in conversation, or take notice of his agitation.
Then it was home again, where breakfast and a sulky fae awaited him. Aislinn was wearing her own, repaired green dress and, at Gavin's request, she once again resumed her impersonation of Mairead. It was obvious she was less than happy about it, however. But Gavin was in a good and generous humor so, once the goose was cooking, he took a few minutes to tease her out of her bad mood. He sat her on his lap, just as if she were his bride in truth, and fed her pieces of orange, tickling her as she tried to eat them until she laughed and then licking at the juice as it ran down her chin, until, finally, her smile was restored. And she rewarded him with several songs while he saw to the rest of the meal.
He did nearly spoil things again, though, before the food was even on the table for he would speak mockingly of the fae and their heathen ways, and question the usefulness of a woman who couldn't even cook a decent meal for herself, just to watch her eyes smolder. And, also, to remind them both that she was not Mairead. But when at last he bowed his head to make his prayers—over Christmas dinner, at his own table, and with the semblance of his wife seated across from him, once again smiling at him indulgently—he was all but overcome with gratitude. Even knowing it to be an illusion, and a short-lived one at that, he still felt as though he'd been granted a taste of the life he'd once hoped would be his and he felt anew the wonder of the day.
Bring It Back(list) ~ IRON by PG Forte
I've put several of my holiday-themed books on sale between now and the end of the year. IRON, OAK, Finders Keepers and This Winter Heart are all available for only .99 each.
Labels: Bring It Back(list), ebook sales, holiday romance, PG Forte
Wrapping Up the Year with a Contest, a Cookbook & a Cutie
This has been an ugly year for many of us, so why not wrap up the year with a cutie, a free cookie cookbook, and a chance to win a gift card to start off 2021 with some positive vibes.
Scruff happens to be my writing assistant, in that he blocks my chair so that I'm often forced to stay in my seat longer than I anticipated or risk running him over. He reminds me to take breaks when he decides that it's time to play with a toy, or that he needs a treat.
Scruff can help put life into perspective with his no worries attitude. Unless, of course, it's about delaying dinner time, now that's something to worry about.
A Cuddly Cutie
2020 didn't look anything like we planned, leaving us all looking a bit shell-shocked— like Scruff here— and I'm ready to start 2021 with a clean slate.
Many of us have been spending more time at home this year, or working remotely, so Scruff decided to see what all the fuss was about. He didn't see the allure since he rarely leaves home anyway and has never had to dress up for work.
Scruff's "people" have been home far more than usual this year. This is good for the company and sometimes extra treats, but it really cuts into nap time.
Scruff's advice for when all else fails, or everything gets to be a little too much, is to take a nap—or at least feign sleep until everyone leaves you alone while you recharge.
Want to see more of Scruff? He's a regular in my newsletter so be sure to sign up.
A Cool Contest
Enter right here to win a gift card for yourself for after the holidays & find new authors to read during the holidays!
A Cookie Cookbook
If you're signed up for my newsletter, or follow my author Facebook page- you might be already baking up some goodies because you would've gotten this free cookbook already. If not, grab it now and start baking up some treats!
Click here to download your free copy of the Garden Gourmet Cookie Cookbook
Have Your Own Furbaby? Share a Pic of Your Cutie in the Comments- Happy Holidays!
Author Bio: Maureen Bonatch grew up in small town Pennsylvania and her love of the four seasons—hockey, biking, sweat pants and hibernation—keeps her there. While immersed in writing or reading paranormal romance and fantasy, she survives on caffeine, wine, music, and laughter. A feisty Shih Tzu keeps her in line.
Find Maureen on her website, Facebook & Twitter Be the first to know about Maureen's book sales and new releases by following her on BookBub, Amazon and/or signing up for her newsletter
Labels: 2020, cookbook, dogs, ebook sale, free ebook, holiday recipes, Maureen Bonatch, short stories
THE ANGEL AT THE TOP OF MY TREE
Contemporary Fantasy Romance
(Although this is a sweet romance, it contains scenes of violence.)
After purchasing a beautiful and unique antique angel tree topper, Marq North is excited to gift it to his long-time girlfriend, but he should've known she appreciates a bigger price tag more than sentimental value. Why has he wasted years of his life trying to buy her love? When she tells him she's ending their relationship right before the holidays, he's almost…relieved.
Ione and her fellow archangels are used to the rise in demonic activity during Samhain, but at Christmas? That is a surprise to them all. Yet it seems more and more people are focusing on the greed and commercialism these days rather than the real reason for the season. And the demons plan to take advantage of mankind's vulnerability and overtake as many mortals as possible this time of year. It's up to Ione and Heaven's best protectors to save every valuable soul.
He'd swear he saw her literally fall from the sky, to find her injured and vulnerable. After Marq rescues her, he discovers she's the spitting image of the angel doll. She says her name is Ione, and claims to be an archangel. After he offers her a place of safety in order to recover, he finds she's become jaded through the years, which has him determined to have her see that it's not greed, but the love of giving that makes this time of year special.
Despite knowing she must return to Heaven, or risk drawing the demons' wrath to Marq, Ione wants to remain with her rescuer, but she must let him go to save his life as he did hers. After all, a relationship between a mortal and a celestial being would never work.
Or can it?
Warning: Contains hot cocoa, a flaming sword, a celestial mission, a red sweatshirt, similar names, and discovering that sometimes the best gift on or under the Christmas tree is love.
Tuesday December 8, 2020: PG Forte takes a trip down memory lane...
December is the Month for Christmas With a Twist!
And you can get all 3 of these ebooks for just 99c each!
TUFFY CLAUS
It's another night on the job for Deputy Sheriff Barbara Mero, giving chase to a suspect in a stolen vehicle. But when someone beats her to the perp, she's not sure whether to step in or not. Before she can stop him, a sledgehammer-wielding bearded biker on a red Harley delivers his own punishment, but with his parting words, Babs isn't so sure he's another bad guy.
After further investigation, Babs knows this vigilante "Santa" meant well, but there's no proof he was even there. And after a few more run-ins with the red-cloaked badass, she's torn between duty and justice, but in her heart she knows he's the real deal.
You see, there's a side of the story of Santa that doesn't get told, and that's where Dominik comes in. Being the twin to Kris, Dom's job isn't near as merry, though still necessary, answering the letters from the kids who want more than just toys. Those who want a better, safer life, food, and shelter. Basic needs a kid shouldn't have to wish for on Christmas. Although he's accepted his own lot in life, Dominik still has one regret. It's a lonely life.
There's another side to jolly old Saint Nick, and he ain't a saint.
Warning! Contains German chocolate cake, a modified red Harley, Sadie, justice served, a child's letter to Santa, a coffee date, and the promise of love when no hope of love had ever existed.
Tickle My Candy Cane
Tales of the Blakeney Sisters, Book 2
Humorous Erotic Urban Fantasy Paranormal Romance
$0.99 e / $6.99 p / $6.95 a
Once upon a time, there lived a man with five rambunctious daughters. They were an average American farming family except for one minor detail. The man was a warlock, and all of his daughters were witchlets--half witch and half human.
With Christmas only two days away, Tamberly Blakeney has given up hope of finding her heart's call this year. That is, until Jonathan Mauk walks into the market and into her life. With the magical swirl of a candy cane's stripes, she knows he is the man meant to be her lifelong love. But first he has to pass the sex hex test, which she is sure won't be a problem.
What she doesn't realize is that there is something in Jonathan's past that deeply disturbs her father. And until Daddy gets all the answers, there could be hell to pay.
SILENT NIGHT, FINAL NIGHT
A Paranormal, Post-Apocalyptic, Christmas Horror Story
by Linda Mooney writing as Gail Smith
A family on the run, searching for food, shelter, and others not infected.
A plague is wiping out the population, stealing the humanity from people and turning them into monsters. Kem and Armand are willing to do whatever it takes to protect their daughter and survive. Nothing is promised, not life, not their next meal, not even a decent night's rest.
The quality of life is quickly diminishing. How much is too much? How long until the fight for survival is no longer worth it, and it's time for a dignified end rather than a slow, painful death?
Labels: Bring it Backlist, Christmas stories, Linda Mooney, new releases, PG Forte
Bring It Back(list) - December is the Month for Christmas With a Twist!
Labels: 99 cents, Bring It Back(list), Carolyn Gregg, Gail Smith, Linda Mooney, Silent Night Final Night, Tickle My Candy Cane, Tuffy Claus
Wrapping Up the Year with a Contest, a Cookbook & ...
Bring It Back(list) - December is the Month for Ch...
New! THE ANGEL AT THE TOP OF MY TREE, a Contempora...
HERE BE NEWS for Monday December 7, 2020
Why I Don't Read Blurbs
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HomeDigital TransformationAI-Enabled Scanning with Health Cam Makes Identifying Feverish Individuals Safer
AI-Enabled Scanning with Health Cam Makes Identifying Feverish Individuals Safer
April 10, 2020 Smart Cities Connect Digital Transformation
Kogniz Health – based in Silicon Valley, CA – has introduced an AI-enabled camera and software system that scans groups and crowds entering a facility and identifies anyone with an elevated temperature. It is designed to alert company personnel in real-time so that any individual with a fever can be isolated as needed.
The use of the system is intended to help organizations avoid the cost and risk of posting staff with handheld thermal devices at entrances to take individual temperatures. The health cams can be deployed at every entrance to an office, campus, or any public building on a desk or counter, mounted on a wall, or placed on a tripod.
The Health Cam has an integrated thermal camera, optical camera, and a high-resolution screen. It uses infrared technology to check the temperatures of passersby and displays the image of any person showing an elevated temperature. Kogniz claims the Health Cam can detect skin temperature up to 16 feet (~ 5 meters) away. The Health Cam uses advanced AI to detect a person's temperature near their eyes to get the most accurate reading. Real-time alerts are sent over SMS, mobile push, and Slack. The live video stream – including temperature – is displayed on the Kogniz Health Cam display, and is available remotely in the Kogniz mobile app and web interface.
"Companies want to keep their employees healthy and safe," said Daniel Putterman, co-founder and co-CEO, Kogniz. "During a pandemic such as this one it is critical that organisations be able to quickly identify people who might be sick, and one way to do that is to detect fever. Handheld thermal guns are very expensive, labour-intensive, and create a bottleneck. We are able to provide temperature detection for high-flow environments so individuals with elevated temperature can be further checked."
Future of Privacy Forum Publishes Privacy Principals for Facial Recognition Technology
Sweden Rolls Out Noppera-Bo Technology to Simplify Data Redaction from CCTV
San Diego Adds Additional 1000 CityIQ Sensors and Lighting Controls
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I am not sure what is causing the strange overlay box in the screenshot in comment 1. I've modified the code to open the test in a new window and refactored the code.
I guess that's just some artifacts from Xvfb on the linux build machines.
1.) We should refactor the test to not use setTimeout() with an interval bigger than zero. Otherwise we will be marked as "flaky" in the near future (bug 649012).
2.) The test times out in the waitForSwitch() loop, so we should find out why it fails there. I have no idea, yet.
> > refactored the code.
> I guess that's just some artifacts from Xvfb on the linux build machines.
> > Tim: any suggestions?
> why it fails there. I have no idea, yet.
See bug 594909 comment 56 was the bug which added this approach.
> See bug 594909 comment 56 was the bug which added this approach.
nit: I know that line is from me but we don't need the "!iframe" check.
Please just wrap the EventUtils.synthesizeKey() call in waitForFocus().
Can't we just use this to hide the tabview and show it again with ctrl+shift+e? This would save some lines and make that test a bit cleaner.
nit: this check is unnecessary.
> nit: I know that line is from me but we don't need the "!iframe" check.
> Please just wrap the EventUtils.synthesizeKey() call in waitForFocus().
I've removed it but it turned out that the test would time out. I have replaced it with executeSoon() and it works again.
> ctrl+shift+e? This would save some lines and make that test a bit cleaner.
> nit: this check is unnecessary.
* Why the onSelect thing, instead of just whenTabViewIsShown?
> * Why the onSelect thing, instead of just whenTabViewIsShown?
We used it to replace the waitForSwitch() which was added in bug 594909 comment 56. There was another Intermittent. I guess we can try without the onSelect thing and use the whenTabViewIsShown instead.
Yeah, I actually meant that both should be tested. Sorry, if I was a bit unclear about that.
> > * Why the onSelect thing, instead of just whenTabViewIsShown?
Yes, I am keeping this part.
I put the menu item test back in and simplified the part.
Now you're exiting with the command and entering with the key. My suggestion was to do two rounds: enter and exit with the command, and enter and exit with the key. That way you get even test coverage. Sorry if I was unclear about that.
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I went to an estate sale to pick up a train set that had been advertised. I got to the sale at 5am and was the 7th person in line. Person number 6 got the train, and at a hefty price I might add. I was left there standing and staring at this thing. I grabbed it because it was interesting, had the original box and only cost $10. Upon doing some research I found this is a rare toy by Ideal that was only made one year, I believe 1963. One would roll the balls near the Odd Ogg and he would gobble them up. This one had some battery corrossion and did not work but still sold for $350.00.
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
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Submit A Practitioner
Peter Lin
Surgeon - Vascular Surgery
[field_website]
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1411 S. Garfield Ave. Suite 303
http://www.drpeterlin.com
Type of Practitioner:
Dr. Peter Lin is a board-certified vascular surgeon in Los Angeles, California who specializes in all aspects of vascular treatment of arterial and venous disorders. He is also a fellow of the American College of Surgery. He grew up in southern California where he attended Upland High School. Dr. Lin received a bachelor's degree in biology from the University of California, Riverside (UCR), where he was also a member of the UCR orchestra as a violinist. He received his medical degree from Finch University of Health Science in North Chicago. He completed his surgical residency at Mt. Sinai Medical Center in Chicago, Illinois and vascular surgery fellowship at the Emory University School of Medicine in Atlanta, GA. Dr. Lin was recruited to Baylor College of Medicine in Houston Texas in 2001 where he quickly rose through the ranks and became the youngest full professor in the school's history. From 2001 to 2007, Dr. Lin also served as the chief of vascular surgery of Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, the largest VA hospital in the US, where he transformed its vascular program into a premier clinical service in the VA healthcare system. The remarkable success of this vascular surgery program led to the visit of President George H.W. Bush in 2003. In 2007, Dr. Lin was appointed as the chief of vascular surgery at Baylor to lead its renowned program established by Dr. Michael E. DeBakey. Dr. Lin continued to serve that role until 2015 when he moved back to Los Angeles. Currently he is professor emeritus of surgery at Baylor College of Medicine where he continues to have an active clinical research collaboration. Dr. Lin served as a physician advisor to Congressman Gene Green who introduced Aneurysm Detection Bill in 2004 which provided Medicare coverage for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) screening and detection. The legislation became known as the Screening Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Very Efficiently (SAAAVE) Act of 2004 (HR 4626). Dr. Lin is active in both patient care and research. He has been involved in multiple clinical trials investigating endovascular treatment modalities in aortic aneurysm and carotid artery stenting. He has developed an active research program in clinical and basic science that includes several research grants funded by the National Institutes of Health to study the molecular pathogenesis of peripheral arterial occlusive disease. He presents his work regularly at national and international meetings and symposia. Dr. Lin's writing and presentations have focused on a range of subjects including endovascular treatment of aortic aneurysms, thrombolytic therapy for deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, endovascular treatment of lower extremity occlusive disease, experimental models of endovascular therapy, and thrombolysis in arterial and venous thrombosis research. Dr. Lin has published more than 300 scholarly articles, authored more than 60 book chapters, and edited 2 textbooks in the filed of vascular surgery. He has appeared in more than 30 television news interviews regarding innovative treatment of vascular disease. Dr. Lin serves on the editorial boards of many prestigious journals. His publications have appeared in New England Journal of Medicine, the Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA), Journal of Vascular Surgery, and Journal of Vascular Interventional Radiology. Dr. Lin is a dedicated surgical educator, and has mentored many medical students, surgical residents, and young faculty. He has been awarded the Outstanding Faculty Teaching Award eight years in a row at Baylor College of Medicine. His clinical skills and patient care have also been recognized by his colleagues as one of the Best Doctors in America. He has also been named among the top 1% of vascular surgeons by U.S. News & World Report. In his spare time, Dr. Lin enjoys golfing, jogging, meditation, and playing violin. As a doctor who is committed to the treatment and prevention of vascular disease, he is also a plant-based physician. Dr. Lin considers his family as his most significant accomplishment in life, with his wife Cynthia, and his children, Pete Jr. and Mark.
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DISCLAIMER: Plant-Based Doctors do not recommend or endorse any of the healthcare practitoners listed on this site. All listings and information on this site are submitted by users of the site, and we do not vett the practitioners listed. Vetting is the responsibility of the patient. We make no guarantee that the practitioners listed are licensed medical professionals, that the information listed is correct or up-to-date, or that the practitioners have expertise or even affiliation with a whole-foods plant-based diet.
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
}
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The base plate of this instrument, a combined qiblah compass and sndial which is known as the da'irat al-mu'addil, is marked with the names of various cities. It also houses a magnetic compass so that, when aligned on the meridian, it gives the direction of Mecca, represented at the centre of the plate with a depiction of the Ka'bah and Maqam Ibrahim. When correctly oriented, the instrument also functions as a sundial.
F. Maddison & E. Savage-Smith, Science, Tools & Magic, The Nasser D. Khalili Collection of Islamic Art, volume XII, Part One, London 1997, cat.169, p.278–9.
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
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I hate it when there doesn't seem to be an answer resolution to the problem, just a way to work around it. It makes me feel like I have simply duct-taped over a problem and I am going to regret it later. That said, I was able to get the OS installed.
I downloaded the ISO again on a different system and verified the MD5. I put that on two different new flash drives, using two different utilities – Unetbootin and Startup Disk Creator. I tried both drives in different USB ports on the server. I even reset the BIOS settings and set it to failsafe default just in case it was an issue with something I had configured incorrectly. I also tried running the little script on a different console while the OS was installing. Nope, Nope and Nope.
I had using CD and DVD discs to install the operating system. And the PXE server at this shop is a mess I don't want get started on just yet. So, I went ahead and burned it to a DVD using Brasero and was able to install the OS without any issues.
I had to install the KVM server anyway, and I am going to have to document that before Monday so I might as well document that here for anyone who is interested.
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
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Once-abundant ash tree and antelope species face extinction -- IUCN Red List
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Gland, Switzerland, 14 September 2017 (IUCN) - North America's most widespread and valuable ash tree species are on the brink of extinction due to an invasive beetle decimating their populations, while the loss of wilderness areas and poaching are contributing to the declining numbers of five African antelope species, according to the latest update of The IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM.
Today's IUCN Red List update also reveals a dramatic decline of grasshoppers and millipedes endemic to Madagascar, and the extinction of the Christmas Island Pipistrelle bat.
The IUCN Red List now includes 87,967 species of which 25,062 are threatened with extinction.
"Our activities as humans are pushing species to the brink so fast that it's impossible for conservationists to assess the declines in real time," says Inger Andersen IUCN Director General. "Even those species that we thought were abundant and safe - such as antelopes in Africa or ash trees in the U.S. - now face an imminent threat of extinction.
"And while conservation action does work, conserving the forests, savannas and other biomes that we depend on for our survival and development is simply not a high-enough funding priority. Our planet needs urgent, global action, guided by the Red List data, to ensure species' survival and our own sustainable future."
North America's ash trees on the brink
Five of the six most prominent ash tree species in North America enter The IUCN Red List as Critically Endangered - only one step from going extinct - with the sixth species assessed as Endangered. These species are being decimated by the invasive Emerald Ash Borer beetle (Agrilus planipennis). Three of them - Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), White Ash (Fraxinus americana) and Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra) - are the country's most dominant ash trees, comprising nearly nine billion trees in the forested lands of the contiguous U.S. The once-plentiful White Ash (Fraxinus americana) is one of the most valuable timber trees of North America used for making furniture, baseball bats, hockey sticks and tennis racquets.
Ash trees are a key component of North American forests. They provide habitat and food for birds, squirrels, and insects, and support important pollinator species such as butterflies and moths.
"Ash trees are essential to plant communities of the United States and have been a popular horticultural species, planted by the millions along our streets and in gardens," says Murphy Westwood, member of the IUCN Global Tree Specialist Group who led the assessment. "Their decline, which is likely to affect over 80 percent of the trees, will dramatically change the composition of both wild and urban forests. Due to the great ecological and economic value of ash trees, and because removing dead ash trees is extremely costly, much research is currently underway across sectors to halt their devastating decline. This brings hope for the survival of the species."
The fast-moving Emerald Ash Borer beetle arrived in Michigan from Asia in the late 1990s via infested shipping pallets, and has already destroyed tens of millions of trees throughout the U.S. and Canada. It has the potential to destroy over eight billion ash trees as it spreads rapidly and can kill nearly an entire forest stand of ash within six years of infestation.
Due to a warming climate, areas which were previously too cold for the beetle are becoming more suitable for it to thrive, making it impossible to know how far it could spread in future.
Five antelope species in decline
Although the status of most antelope species remains unchanged, five species of African antelopes - of which four were previously assessed as Least Concern - are declining drastically as a result of poaching, habitat degradation and competition with domestic livestock. This decline reflects a broader downward trend for large African mammals as they compete with the growing human population for space and resources.
"Antelopes have been declining as human populations continue to grow, clearing land for agriculture, unsustainably harvesting bushmeat, expanding their settlements, extracting resources and building new roads," says David Mallon, Co-Chair of the IUCN Species Survival Commission's Antelope Specialist Group. "To reverse this dangerous trend, conserving biodiversity must be given much higher priority as part of efforts to achieve sustainable national economic development. Existing laws protecting wildlife must also be much more effectively enforced."
The world's largest antelope, the Giant Eland (Tragelaphus derbianus) - previously assessed as Least Concern - is now Vulnerable. Its estimated global population is between 12,000 and 14,000 at most, with fewer than 10,000 mature animals. This species is declining due to poaching for bushmeat, encroachment into protected areas and expansion of agriculture and livestock grazing. Political instability and armed conflict in Central African Republic are major barriers to protecting this species.
Also previously listed as Least Concern, the Mountain Reedbuck (Redunca fulvorufula) has seen an approximate 55% decline in its South African population over the last 15 years. It is now listed as Endangered as similar declines throughout the rest of the range are probable. Expansion of human settlements leading to increases in poaching and sport hunting with dogs are thought to be the main reasons for its decline. Other threats may include widespread disturbance by cattle herders and their livestock and increased frequency and duration of droughts associated with climate change. Further monitoring data, especially from outside protected areas, are needed to fully quantify the population decline in this species.
Other species are also under threat, including the Heuglin's Gazelle (Eudorcas tilonura) - now Endangered due to competition with domestic livestock and habitat degradation; Southern Lechwe (Kobus leche), now listed as Near Threatened due to poaching, agricultural expansion, livestock grazing and droughts; and the Grey Rhebok (Pelea capreolus) - the origin of the Reebok sports brand - now in the Near Threatened category. Reasons for the decline of this species are poorly understood, and may include increases in illegal sport hunting with dogs, and poaching for bushmeat.
Madagascan grasshoppers and millipedes facing extinction
While the conservation status of the majority of invertebrate species is still unknown, recent assessments are beginning to reveal the impact of deforestation on Madagascar's invertebrates. An assessment of all 71 species of endemic Madagascan pygmy grasshoppers shows that almost 40% of them are threatened with extinction. Seven of these species enter The IUCN Red List as Critically Endangered, including the Rumplestiltskin Pygmy Grasshopper (Agkistropleuron simplex). This flightless species is only known to occur in Manakambahiny forest in eastern Madagascar. The only recent record of the species dates back to 1995. Its decline is due to the loss of its forest habitat.
More than 40% of 145 endemic Madagascan millipedes are also threatened with extinction, with 27 of them assessed as Critically Endangered. These include the Shiny Giant Pill Millipede (Sphaeromimus splendidus), which requires a very specific sandy soil habitat in coastal rainforest areas. Its only habitat - the littoral rainforest of Sainte Luce - is now partly degraded due to wood removal and grazing. However, a planned strip-mining project, which will likely cause the destruction of most of its remaining habitat, poses the greatest threat to its survival.
New Snow Leopard data
Thanks to new available data, the Snow Leopard (Panthera uncia) has moved from the Endangered to Vulnerable category. However, its population continues to decline and it still faces a high risk of extinction through habitat loss and degradation, declines in prey, competition with livestock, persecution, and poaching for illegal wildlife trade.
Thanks to significant investments in conservation for this species, including anti-poaching efforts, initiatives to reduce conflict with livestock, and awareness-raising programmes, conditions in parts of the Snow Leopard's range have improved. It is essential to continue and expand conservation efforts to reverse its declining trend and prevent this iconic cat from moving even closer to extinction.
Christmas Island Pipistrelle goes extinct
Today's update declares the Christmas Island Pipistrelle (Pipistrellus murrayi) - a bat species endemic to Australia's Christmas Island - as Extinct. The population of this species rapidly declined from being common and widespread in the 1980s to between four and 20 animals in January 2009. Only one individual remained in August 2009, and it disappeared later that month. There has been no trace of this bat since then, despite extensive searches of the island. The reasons for the decline are not clear, but may have been a combination of increased predation by introduced species, impacts of invasive Yellow Crazy Ant (Anoplolepis gracilipes) on its habitat and on its invertebrate prey species, or possibly an unknown disease.
For more information or interviews please contact: Ewa Magiera, IUCN Media Relations, m +41 76 505 33 78, e-mail [email protected]
More information on the invasive Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis), which threatens the survival of North American ash trees, can be found in the IUCN Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). The database contains over 850 invasive alien species, as well as information on their distribution, impacts, pathways of introduction, and measures to eradicate or manage them.
Examples of other species that have been added to the IUCN Red List
Thongaree's Disc-nosed Bat (Eudiscoderma thongareeae). This false vampire bat species is known only from a very small area of Bala Forest, south Thailand. Although it is a recently described species, it is believed to be rare as it is known from only a few collections in spite of intensive repeated surveys in the area over the last 15 years. With a highly restricted range and ongoing habitat loss as lowland forest in the area is being converted to agricultural land, this species enters The IUCN Red List as Critically Endangered.
Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis) enters The IUCN Red List as Vulnerable. This long-lived, perennial plant occurs only in North America (USA and Canada), where it has undergone a decline in its distribution and the quality of its habitat. Goldenseal is threatened by collection for trade in the medicinal market. Its rhizomes have the highest concentration of medicinally-active alkaloids (berberine, hydrastine and canadine) used for the common cold and other upper respiratory tract infections. It can also be used to cure digestive disorders including stomach pain and swelling, diarrhoea, constipation, haemorrhoids, and intestinal gas.
Examples of other species whose conservation status has declined
Nancy Ma's Night Monkey (Aotus nancymaae) has moved from Least Concern to Vulnerable. The main threat to this Amazon forest primate is the illegal trade of wild-caught animals from Peru to Brazil, where they are used for malaria research. Conversion of habitat to agriculture (rice, palm oil, and soya bean cultivation, and pastureland) is also affecting this species.
Rennell Flying Fox (Pteropus rennelli) has moved from Vulnerable to Endangered. This little-known flying fox is endemic to Rennell Island in the Solomon Islands, where it is restricted to an area of around 515 km². Commercial logging and bauxite mining are rapidly disturbing large areas of Rennell Island and are likely to be major threats to this fruit bat. The species is likely to also be threatened by hunting for food. Although not threatened by large-scale agriculture, subsistence agriculture could significantly impact this species due to its highly restricted distribution.
Gold-spotted Marsupial Frog (Gastrotheca aureomaculata) has moved from Near Threatened to Endangered. This species is endemic to Colombia where it is known from only a few localities in the Departments of Cauca and Huila on the eastern slopes of the Cordillera Central. Formerly it was reported to be common, but the population is suspected to be decreasing due to ongoing decline in the extent and quality of its habitat. It has not been recorded since at least the 1960s. Although there have been some surveys in the area where the species was originally found, the region has not been intensively explored. A major threat to this frog is the destruction of its habitat for timber extraction and agriculture, including the cultivation of illegal crops. Water pollution is also considered a threat to this species.
Species whose conservation status has improved
The Rodrigues Flying Fox (Pteropus rodricensis), has moved from the Critically Endangered to the Endangered category thanks to improved habitat protection, reforestation programmes, better legal protection and enforcement against hunting, greater awareness and appreciation of the species through an education programme run by the Mauritian Wildlife Foundation. Lower incidence of cyclones, possibly the result of climate change, has also helped the population to increase.
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ contributes to the achievement of Target 12 of the 2011 to 2020 Strategic Plan for Biodiversity. Target 12: By 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained.
Global figures for the 2017-2 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:
TOTAL SPECIES ASSESSED = 87,967
(Total threatened species = 25,062)
Extinct = 859
Extinct in the Wild = 68
Critically Endangered = 5,403
Endangered = 8,152
Vulnerable = 11,507
Near Threatened = 5,691
Lower Risk/conservation dependent = 231 (this is an old category that is gradually being phased out of the IUCN Red List)
Least Concern = 41,992
Data Deficient = 14,064
The figures presented above are only for those species that have been assessed for the IUCN Red List to date. Although not all of the world's species have been assessed, The IUCN Red List provides a useful snapshot of what is happening to species today and highlights the urgent need for conservation action. Relative percentages for threatened species cannot be provided for many taxonomic groups on The IUCN Red List because they have not been comprehensively assessed. For many of these groups, assessment efforts have focussed on threatened species; therefore, the percentage of threatened species for these groups would be heavily biased.
For those groups that have been comprehensively assessed, the percentage of threatened species can be calculated, but the actual number of threatened species is often uncertain because it is not known whether Data Deficient (DD) species are actually threatened or not. Therefore, the percentages presented above provide the best estimate of extinction risk for those groups that have been comprehensively assessed (excluding Extinct species), based on the assumption that Data Deficient species are equally threatened as data sufficient species. In other words, this is a mid-point figure within a range from x% threatened species (if all DD species are not threatened) to y% threatened species (if all DD species are threatened). Available evidence indicates that this is a best estimate.
The IUCN Red List threat categories are as follows, in descending order of threat:
Extinct or Extinct in the Wild
Critically Endangered, Endangered and Vulnerable: species threatened with global extinction.
Near Threatened: species close to the threatened thresholds or that would be threatened without ongoing conservation measures.
Least Concern: species evaluated with a lower risk of extinction.
Data Deficient: no assessment because of insufficient data.
Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct): this is not a new IUCN Red List category, but is a flag developed to identify those Critically Endangered species that are in all probability already extinct but for which confirmation is required; for example, through more extensive surveys being carried out and failing to find any individuals.
About The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ (or The IUCN Red List) is an invaluable resource to guide conservation action and policy decisions. It is a health check for our planet - a Barometer of Life. It is the world's most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of plant, animal and fungi species. It is based on an objective system for assessing the risk of extinction of a species should no conservation action be taken.
Species are assigned to one of eight categories of threat based on whether they meet criteria linked to population trend, population size and structure and geographic range. Species listed as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable are collectively described as 'threatened'.
The IUCN Red List is not just a register of names and associated threat categories. It is a rich compendium of information on the threats to the species, their ecological requirements, where they live, and information on conservation actions that can be used to reduce or prevent extinctions. The IUCN Red List is a joint effort between IUCN and its Species Survival Commission, working with its IUCN Red List partners - Arizona State University; BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; and the Zoological Society of London.
About IUCN
IUCN is a membership Union uniquely composed of both government and civil society organisations. It provides public, private and non-governmental organisations with the knowledge and tools that enable human progress, economic development and nature conservation to take place together. Created in 1948, IUCN is now the world's largest and most diverse environmental network, harnessing the knowledge, resources and reach of more than 1,300 Member organisations and some 16,000 experts. It is a leading provider of conservation data, assessments and analysis. Its broad membership enables IUCN to fill the role of incubator and trusted repository of best practices, tools and international standards.
IUCN provides a neutral space in which diverse stakeholders including governments, NGOs, scientists, businesses, local communities, Indigenous peoples' organisations and others can work together to forge and implement solutions to environmental challenges and achieve sustainable development. Working with many partners and supporters, IUCN implements a large and diverse portfolio of conservation projects worldwide. Combining the latest science with the traditional knowledge of local communities, these projects work to reverse habitat loss, restore ecosystems and improve people's well-being. http://www.iucn.org https://twitter.com/IUCN/
About the Species Survival Commission
The Species Survival Commission (SSC) is the largest of IUCN's six volunteer commissions with a global membership of around 7,500 experts. SSC advises IUCN and its members on the wide range of technical and scientific aspects of species conservation, and is dedicated to securing a future for biodiversity. SSC has significant input into the international agreements dealing with biodiversity conservation.
About Arizona State University (ASU)
Ranked #1 in the U.S. for innovation, Arizona State University (ASU) is a new model for American higher education, combining academic excellence, entrepreneurial energy and broad access. It serves more than 70,000 students in metropolitan Phoenix, AZ. ASU champions intellectual and cultural diversity, and welcomes students from all fifty states and more than one hundred nations across the globe. ASU's Center for Biodiversity Outcomes (CBO) is a partnership between the Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability (GIOS) and the School of Life Sciences (SoLS) via partnerships with NGOs, companies, and governmental organizations. Follow CBO's work on Twitter.
About BirdLife
BirdLife International is the world's largest nature conservation Partnership. Together we are 120 BirdLife Partners worldwide - one per country - and growing, with almost 11 million supporters, 7000 local conservation groups and 7400 staff. As the official Red List Authority for birds for the IUCN Red List, BirdLife coordinates the process of evaluating all of the world's bird species against the Red List categories and criteria, in order to assess their extinction risk. Find out more about BirdLife and its Preventing Extinctions Programme at: http://www.birdlife.org / http://www.facebook.com/BirdLifeInternational
About Botanic Gardens Conservation International
BGCI is an international organization that exists to ensure the world-wide conservation of threatened plants, the continued existence of which are intrinsically linked to global issues including poverty, human well-being and climate change. BGCI represents over 700 members - mostly botanic gardens - in 118 countries. We aim to support and empower our members and the wider conservation community so that their knowledge and expertise can be applied to reversing the threat of extinction crisis facing one third of all plants. http://www.bgci.org
About Conservation International (CI)
Building upon a strong foundation of science, partnership and field demonstration, CI empowers societies to responsibly and sustainably care for nature, our global biodiversity, for the long term well-being of people. Founded in 1987 and marking its 25th anniversary in 2012, CI has headquarters in the Washington DC area, and 900 employees working in nearly 30 countries on four continents, plus 1,000+ partners around the world. For more information, please visit at http://www.conservation.org , or follow us on Facebook or Twitter.
About NatureServe
NatureServe is a non-profit conservation organization dedicated to providing the scientific basis for effective conservation action. Through its network of 82 natural heritage programs and conservation data centres in the United States, Canada, and Latin America, NatureServe provides a unique body of detailed scientific information and conservation biodiversity expertise about the plants, animals, and ecosystems of the Americas. http://www.natureserve.org
About the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew is a world famous scientific organisation, internationally respected for its outstanding living collection of plants and world-class Herbarium as well as its scientific expertise in plant diversity, conservation and sustainable development in the UK and around the world. Kew Gardens is a major international visitor attraction. Its landscaped 132 hectares and RBG Kew's country estate, Wakehurst Place, attract nearly 2 million visitors every year. Kew was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in July 2003 and celebrated its 250th anniversary in 2009. Wakehurst Place is home to Kew's Millennium Seed Bank, the largest wild plant seed bank in the world. RBG Kew and its partners have collected and conserved seed from 10 per cent of the world's wild flowering plant species (c.30, 000 species). The aim is to conserve 25 per cent by 2020, and its enormous potential for future conservation can only be fulfilled with the support of the public and other funders. http://www.kew.org
About Sapienza University of Rome
With over 700 years of history and 110,000 students, Sapienza is the largest University in Europe, the second in the world after El Cairo: a city within the city. The University includes 11 faculties and 67 departments. In Sapienza there are over 4,500 professors, and 5,000 administrative and technical staff. Sapienza offers a wide choice of courses including 300 degree programs and 200 specialized qualifications. Students coming from other regions are over 30,000 and the foreign students are over 7,000. Sapienza plans and carries out important scientific investigations in almost all disciplines, achieving high-standard results both on a national and on an international level. Eugenio Gaudio has been the Rector of Sapienza University since November 2014. http://www.uniroma1.it/
About Texas A&M University
From humble beginnings in 1876 as Texas' first public institution of higher learning, to a bustling 5,200-acre campus with a nationally recognized faculty, Texas A&M University is one of a select few universities with land-grant, sea-grant and space- grant designations. With an enrolment of about half men and half women, 25 percent of the freshman class are the first in their family to attend college. Here, 39,000-plus undergraduates and more than 9,400 graduate students have access to world-class research programs and award-winning faculty. Texas A&M has two branch campuses, one in Galveston, Texas, and one in the Middle Eastern country of Qatar. This research-intensive flagship university with 10 colleges was recently ranked first in the nation by Smart Money magazine for "pay-back ratio" (what graduates earn compared to the cost of their education). The 2011 U.S. News and World Report ranked Texas A&M second nationally in their "Great Schools, Great Prices" category among public universities and 22nd overall. Many degree programs are ranked among the top 10 in the country. http://www.tamu.edu
About the Zoological Society of London (ZSL)
Founded in 1826, the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) is an international scientific, conservation and educational charity: the key role is the conservation of animals and their habitats. The Society runs ZSL London Zoo and ZSL Whipsnade Zoo, carries out scientific research at the Institute of Zoology and is actively involved in field conservation in over 50 countries worldwide. http://www.zsl.org
Ewa Magiera
[email protected]
@IUCN
http://www.iucn.org
ECOLOGY/ENVIRONMENT
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If you love to play games online then you will require a high-quality PC gaming chair that can enhance your overall gaming experience with comfort and style.
Our body is very agile and sitting for long hours can cause multiple problems in the body. If you need to sit for long hours on your computer chairs while working or gaming, then you need to invest in a good gaming chair that can keep your body and back in top-notch shape while gaming.
Choosing the best gaming chair under 150 dollars, 200 dollars as per your own personal gaming and working habits is crucial and there are several gaming chairs available online that has amazing features.
Several factors are taken into consideration like the posture, back health, pressure reduction, leg fatigue, and the overall design of the chair.
These fabulously designed chairs allow the natural movement of your body and you can receive various health benefits with these chairs that are available within a fixed budget.
The basic function of a PC gaming chair is to help you stay healthy and hearty while you are sitting and working for long hours.
It is crucial to invest in high-quality chairs so that you can sit comfortably and maintain a good posture while gaming or working.
So without wasting much time, let's dive into the best gaming chairs under $150, $200 available for you.
Kinsal chair is a perfect option for those gamer who are looking for a customized chair. It is artistically designed and looks great in your home or office.
This chair has a high rise back with arches and extra pillows are added for enhanced support. It is a highly durable and long-lasting chair and weighs about 46 pounds, which makes it easy to move around.
This racing style chair can support the weight up to 280 pounds and it comes with a warranty of the replaceable parts.
The wheels of the Kinsal chair have a hub cap that feels soft on the ground and are quite durable.
This chair is ergonomically designed with footrest and the frame is made in thick steel. It is easy to assemble in the three-step process and you can set it up and start using right away.
You will get an ID card with this product that indicates the make and specifications. The artificial leather is skin friendly and wear-resistant and has class-4 gas lift verified by SGS.
Comes with an ID card.
Has removable headrest and lumbar support cushion.
Can bear load up to 280 pounds.
Miniature hub caps on wheel make it silent on the ground.
Needs three steps assembly while many chairs need only one step assembly.
This amazing gaming chair has a bucket seat and offers a complete solution in comfort and safety.
The chair is cool and stylish and has an ergonomically curved back that supports the spine and helps in the reduction of back pain.
The soft cushion of the chair is made of PU leather that is anti-scratch and easy to clean. The chair can be rocked back and forth with the use of a knob and its exceptional features can give you high-quality seating experience.
There is a flip-up, thick and padded armrest and the height can be adjusted so that the gamer can sit with ease for long hours.
The gaming chair is designed for the people who are looking for a chair with maximum features without spending much money.
The chair has a heavy duty base and can be used in both homes and offices. Seatzone gaming chair has been crafted in durable material and the assembling is easy with instructions provided.
This executive chair is swivel functioned and is suitable for working, gaming and studying.
The chair can swivel to 360 degrees.
Wheels make a lot of noise.
The chair has an ergonomic design that keeps your body in perfect position with removable and adjustable headrest and a lumbar cushion.
The seat is extra comfortable with curves so that your back gets complete support while gaming or working. The chair provides 360-degree swivel and the multi-direction wheel moves smoothly.
There is 90-180 degrees backward reclining movement so that you can choose your mode of game or nap.
If you suffer from aching back or neck after long hours of video gaming or working then Jamswin Racing chair is the best chair for you.
The body of the chair is crafted out of tubular metal and is long lasting and durable. There is thick molding foam padding and the PU duvet can be wiped clean easily.
The chair comes with adjustable armrests and has a heavy base with casters that makes it highly stable. The chair can hold weight up to 350 lbs.
Headrest cushion and lumbar cushion.
Maximum weight capacity of 400 pounds.
The seat is not wide enough for large size people.
It is a sleek chair with several great features like adjustable neck pillow and telescopic footrest so that you get enhanced support and comfort.
Ficmax comes with a lumbar support pillow that has a vibrating massage function with two settings.
The cushion of the seat is padded with high-density foam and is 4.8 inches thick, which make it comfier.
You get amazing after-sales support on Ficmax with replacement or money back guarantee within 30 days. You will also get a 12-month warranty on parts and a lifetime warranty on the frame of the chair.
The chair may be squeaky at times but still has great ergonomic features. This is a budget-friendly chair that is unique and stands alone and it is one of the top-selling PC chairs that are quite popular.
The PU leather of the chair is fade and dirt resistant. The metal frame is quite sturdy with level 4 gas cylinder of SGS standards. It has heavy duty chair base with caster wheels.
Massaging cushion for lumbar support with two settings of vibration.
Extra thick cushion for long gaming sessions.
Amazing after sales support for repairs.
It is a bit squeaky.
The reclining angle may cause trouble at times.
Cyrola is an astounding chair that has been designed for large people who require high-level ergonomic support.
Cyrola chair is quite large with a height of 53.5 inches and a weight capacity of 350 pounds. The chair is sturdy and comfortable one for long hours of sitting.
The cushion of the seat is thick and is padded with a high-density sponge that is robust and does not sink-in with time. Cyrola gaming chair can recline up to 180 degrees so you can lie down with great ease.
There is a built-in footrest so that napping is enjoyable during the comfortable recline.
You will get adjustable lumbar and neck pillows that enhance the comfort for the back. With this chair, you will get deluxe comfort and lateral support so that your lower back is stress-free.
The chair has adjustable armrest that is the main highlight of this gaming chair. The metal frame bears high load and there is a lift cylinder of SGS class 3.
It has five star steel base made of steel and smooth wheels for easy moving. You will get free replacement within 30 days along with 12 month warranty on parts.
Can hold up to 350 pounds.
Thick cushioning so that you don't sink in the seat.
No ventilation in back or seat.
It is a standard gaming chair made of high-quality materials and has been crafted innovatively in ergonomic design.
The chair has a back designed to support the human spine and can keep the gamer comfortable even after long hours of sitting.
This gaming chair is padded with the latest cold cure foaming sponge that provides elasticity and the temperature does not increase even after a long time of sitting.
The back of this chair has the curves of racing style chair and has been designed to support the neck, lower back, and shoulders.
E-WIN comes with high-quality neck pillows to get complete comfort and the lumbar pillow is flatter and larger so that the lower back gets enhanced comfort.
It can bear a maximum weight capacity of 330 pounds but is not for the gamer above 5'11". E-WIN gaming chair has been made with excellent workmanship that stands out.
The seat of the chair has a wing like design that gives the feel of sitting in a sports car.
The sponge used is temperature wicking and decreases sweat.
Adjustable lumbar and neck pillows for extra ergonomic support.
Back design provides support to gamer's spine.
Can hold maximum weight to 330 pounds.
Not for users above 5'11".
UOMAX is a heavy duty ergonomic gaming chair that has been designed for larger body types. The chair is crafted using strong stitching and polyurethane leather upholstery that covers the padded cold foam that is breathable.
This chair has a rocking function that helps it move back and forth. It reclines to 180 degrees so that you can take a nap after long hours of gaming.
There is a pullout footrest and twin pillows for the head and lower back. The lower back pillow has a vibration feature that gives you a massage in the lumbar region.
The backrest of the chair is tall and wingless so that even larger gamer can sit with great ease.
Armrests can be adjusted for heights and there is adjustable lumbar support. 360-degree swivel function is also present so that it can rotate easily.
High-quality material is used in upholstering and seat cushion is padded with high-density foam increasing its durability.
The chair has five-star steel base with robust casters and a gas lift that meets the SGS standards. You will get 24X7 customer support and installation instructions are included in the chair.
Rocking and reclining back that can tilt up to 180 degrees.
The seat is 4.8 inches thick.
Tall backrest and wingless seat.
Smell in some new chairs.
If you are a big and tall gamer then you need a gaming chair that is a perfect fit for you but most of the modern gaming chairs are designed for average and skinny gamer.
This chair provides the users with a great and amazing experience at a reasonable price and has the capability to support 400 lbs of weight.
The chair has wide surface and open ergonomics that make the chair comfortable for all body types. It has a sturdy and balanced recliner system that is great even for very large size gamer.
There are 4D adjustable armrests and the backrest has super comfortable memory foam cushions.
It is an ideal gaming chair designed ergonomically with numerous functions. There are different types of pillows and resting positions that can help you relax after a hard day's work.
The chair is multi-functional and adjustable as the backrest can lean back at 180 degrees and has padding in the back and on the footrests.
The foam material is quite thick and the outside of the chair is coated with wear-resistant PU leather so that it is easy to clean. It is a durable chair that has skin breathable mesh cover and it can rock back and forth.
Multi-direction PU casters move smoothly and silently on wooden floors or carpets.
Metal frame in excellent quality.
1-year warranty on replacement parts.
Specially designed for overweight gamers.
Armrests can be adjusted in three different positions.
RESPAWN is a reclining chair that has been built with finest ergonomic comfort. It is a high-performance chair with various types of settings and has a padded seat that is designed to provide excellent support to the back and neck.
This amazing chair comes with adjustable headrest and lumbar pillows along with padded armrests so that you get the best comfort.
RESPAWN can recline up to 130 degrees and has multiple locking positions. RESPAWN gaming chair incorporates 4D armrests so that they can be adjusted to any arm position.
The footrest present in this chair can be removed and the chair get it's support by metal bars making it sturdy.
RESPAWN has been manufactured using soft thread bonded leather and it looks and feels quite professional sitting in your gaming room or office. The chair can hold a weight capacity of up to 275 pounds.
You will get a limited lifetime warranty with the chair and the segmented padded design aids in contoured support.
The chair has been designed in race-care style so that the gamer receives ultimate luxury and comfort. You can just sit back and relax in the chair and enjoy long sessions of gaming as this bonded leather upholstered chair is quite durable.
The chair looks highly professional.
Can recline only up to 130 degrees.
This astounding chair with ergonomic design has several other amazing features to provide comfort to all types of body shapes.
It has adjustable height, armrest, and backrest so that the user is comfortable in all aspects. The chair comes with Lumbar cushion and removable headrest pillow for enhanced comfort.
GTRACING chair provides 360 degrees swivel so that you can rotate around and the material used is of excellent quality with a robust base, long-lasting PVC, metal frame and smooth rolling wheels.
You can feel comfortable with this amazing gaming chair as it looks attractive and has smooth contours.
The backrest is quite comfortable and the armrest can be raised, lowered or set at any angle with the help of simple controls.
The wheels are quite smooth and the casters are manufactured in high quality that can bear a large amount of load and yet move smoothly. This multi-function chair is apt for all kinds of body shapes and has a metal frame with easy to clean material.
You can rock the chair back and forth and the backseat can be reclined from 90 degrees to 170 degrees. You also get one year limited warranty with the chair.
Armrest and seat height can be adjusted.
Maximum weight capacity of 300 pounds.
Armrests are loose in some cases.
Why use an uncomfortable chair that can damage your health due to poor posture?
Buy a good chair that can support you consistently in different positions during your gaming sessions.
These best gaming chairs under $150, $200 are a great option for the budget buyers and you can easily shop for the one that is ideal for you.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Spring is finally here, people! It's been a long, cold winter and we're about to get the warm weather we deserve, finally! With spring comes all the best things in life like blooming flowers, sunshine in the evenings, the leaves start blooming on the trees and there are little baby animals everywhere you look.
Honestly, what could be better than springtime? Something else that comes with spring is an annual sidewalk sale on West Queen West that is here to celebrate all the great things I mentioned above.
Parkdale Village is hosting their Spring Into Parkdale sidewalk sale in May and we can't wait!
This year's Spring Into Parkdale sidewalk festival will be happening on Saturday, May 12th and you definitely don't want to miss it. They have so many exciting things planned like a huge Night Market with all kinds of delicious foods, a Toronto Designer's pop-up market, Crown Flora's Spring Flower Market, the Parkdale Flea Market, a tulip giveaway and so much more!
The two main events are the sidewalk sale that spans Queen St. West, from Roncessvalles to Dufferin with dozens of local vendors and artisans and the Foodora Night Market that takes place from 4-9 PM including food vendors, live music, patio seating and more!
There's something for everyone to enjoy at this exciting spring event so you definitely don't want to miss it. Celebrate the best season of the year the right way.
A bonus is that this event is taking place on Mother's Day this year making it the perfect event to bring your mom to for a fun day of family time.
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{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
Q: Error: Can't resolve '/hero.jpg' in '/home/ivan/Documents/background/src' Quiero usar la propiedad background-image pero me aparece el siguiente error.
Error: Can't resolve '/hero.jpg' in '/home/ivan/Documents/background/src'
este es mi codigo:
App.css:
.App {
text-align: center;
background-image: url("/hero.jpg");
}
App.js:
import "./App.css";
function App() {
return <div className="App">awdadw</div>;
}
export default App;
Este es mi arbol de directorios.
├── public
│ ├── favicon.ico
│ ├── hero.jpg
│ ├── index.html
│ ├── logo192.png
│ ├── logo512.png
│ ├── manifest.json
│ ├── robots.txt
│ ├── test1.jpg
│ └── test2.jpg
├── README.md
└── src
├── App.css
├── App.js
├── App.test.js
├── index.css
├── index.js
├── logo.svg
├── reportWebVitals.js
└── setupTests.js
A: veo que lo que tienes malo es la dirección a la que estas apuntando, la imagen no la tienes sobre la misma rama src sino que esta dentro de un directorio llamado public
.App {
text-align: center;
background-image: url("./public/hero.jpg");
}
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
}
|
This tri-blend tee featuring the Crosswinds logo will feel like your old school gym shirt. We are super into the vintage vibe these shirts give off. Throw on with jeans or over a swimsuit-this shirt will be a beach must-have!
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
We continue to keep increasing and perfecting our solutions and service. At the same time, we operate actively to do research and enhancement for Small Food Scoop , small food scoop , Pet Food Scoop , and we will do our best to serve you.
We attempt for excellence, provider the customers", hopes to be the most beneficial cooperation team and dominator enterprise for staff, suppliers and shoppers, realizes value share and continuous advertising for Small Food Scoop , small food scoop , Pet Food Scoop , Qualified R&D engineer will be there for your consultation service and we will try our best to meet your requirements. So please feel free to contact us for inquiries. You'll be able to send us emails or call us for small business. Also you are able to come to our business by yourself to get further knowing of us. And we will surely give you the best quotation and after-sale service. We're ready to build stable and friendly relations with our merchants. To achieve mutual success we will make our best efforts to build a solid co-operation and transparent communication work with our companions. Above all we are here to welcome your inquiries for any of our goods and service.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
import django_tables2 as tables
class ButtonColumn(tables.TemplateColumn):
def __init__(self, text="", onclick="location.href='#'", title="", gl_icon=None, extra_class="btn-default", **extra):
glyph_icon = ""
if gl_icon:
glyph_icon = "<span class='glyphicon glyphicon-%s' aria-hidden='true'></span> " % gl_icon
extra['template_code'] = """<button type="button" class="btn btn-sm %s pull-right" onclick="%s" title="%s"
data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top">%s%s</button>""" \
% (extra_class, onclick, title, glyph_icon, text)
super(ButtonColumn, self).__init__(**extra)
class ImageLinkColumn(tables.TemplateColumn):
def __init__(self, link="#", img=None, **extra):
extra['template_code'] = """<a href="%s"><img src="%s" /></a>""" % (link, img)
super(ImageLinkColumn, self).__init__(**extra)
class ModelDetailLinkColumn(tables.TemplateColumn):
def __init__(self, **extra):
extra['template_code'] = """<a href="{{ record.get_absolute_url }}">{{ record }}</a>"""
if 'accessor' not in extra:
extra['accessor'] = "id"
super(ModelDetailLinkColumn, self).__init__(**extra)
class LabelColumn(tables.TemplateColumn):
def __init__(self, **extra):
extra['template_code'] = """
<span class="label label-{{ record.get_state_class }}">{{ record.get_state }}</span>"""
super(LabelColumn, self).__init__(**extra)
class CssFieldColumn(tables.TemplateColumn):
def __init__(self, field, **extra):
css_class = "class=%s" % extra.get('class', '')
extra['template_code'] = "<span %s>{{ %s }}</span>" % (css_class, field)
super(CssFieldColumn, self).__init__(**extra)
class ButtonsColumn(tables.TemplateColumn):
def __init__(self, btn_list, **extra):
html_code = """<div class="btn-group btn-group-sm" role="group">"""
for btn in list(btn_list):
glyph_icon = extra_class = onclick = text = ""
condition = '1'
if 'gl_icon' in btn:
glyph_icon = "<span class='glyphicon glyphicon-%s' aria-hidden='true'></span> " % btn['gl_icon']
if 'extra_class' in btn:
extra_class = btn['extra_class']
if 'onclick' in btn:
onclick = btn['onclick']
if 'text' in btn:
text = btn['text']
if 'condition' in btn:
condition = btn['condition']
html_code += "{% if " + condition + " %}"
html_code += """<button type="button" class="btn %s" onclick="%s">%s%s</button>""" \
% (extra_class, onclick, glyph_icon, text)
html_code += "{% endif %}"
html_code += """</div>"""
extra['template_code'] = html_code
super(ButtonsColumn, self).__init__(**extra)
class IncludeColumn(tables.TemplateColumn):
def __init__(self, include_name, **extra):
extra['template_code'] = "{% include '" + include_name + "' %}"
super(IncludeColumn, self).__init__(**extra)
class SafeFieldColumn(tables.TemplateColumn):
def __init__(self, field, **extra):
extra['template_code'] = "{{ " + field + "|safe }}"
super(SafeFieldColumn, self).__init__(**extra)
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
}
|
Saint Lawrencefloden (, ) är en stor väst- till östflytande flod i östra Nordamerika. Den förbinder Stora sjöarna med Atlanten. Floden kallades av mohawkerna för Kaniatarowanenneh (stor vattenväg). Flodens övre lopp utgör en del av gränsen mellan Kanada och USA med Ontario på ena sidan och New York på den andra. Vid Québec övergår floden till en mynningsvik som utmynnar i Saint Lawrenceviken.
Saint Lawrencefloden börjar i Ontariosjön 75 meter över havet vid Kingston i Ontario. På sin väg mot Atlanten passerar floden Brockville, Cornwall, Montréal, Trois-Rivières och staden Québec innan utflödet i Saint Lawrenceviken. Den egentliga flodsträckningen mellan Ontariosjön och Atlanten är cirka 1 300 kilometer lång, men räknar man även in tillflödet till Övre sjön, Saint Louisfloden, blir flodens längd omkring 4 000 kilometer lång. Saint Lawrencefloden bildar tillsammans med Stora sjöarna-systemet, som den avvattnar, världens största sötvattensystem. Flodens totala avrinningsområde ligger på cirka 1,4 miljoner km². Den har ett medelvattenflöde på cirka 10 300 m³/s (att jämföra med Göta älv som har 550 m³/s).
Den förste europén som seglade på Saint Lawrencefloden var fransmannen Jacques Cartier, som den 9 juni 1534 för första gången siktade den och även gjorde anspråk på området Nya Frankrike för Frans I av Frankrike.
Från början var floden seglingsbar endast på delen fram till Montréal, på grund av forsarna vid Lachine. Först när Lachinekanalen byggdes kunde fartyg segla vidare uppför floden. Idag fraktas godset till och från Atlanten på Saint Lawrenceleden, som är ett modernt kanalsystem, färdigställt 1959.
Den 29 maj 1914 förliste fartyget "RMS Empress of Ireland" på Saint Lawrencefloden nära Québec, vilket ännu är den värsta fartygskatastrofen i Kanadas historia.
Referenser
Externa länkar
St. Lawrence Parks Commission (Ontario)
Vattendrag i Ontario
Vattendrag i Québec
Vattendrag i delstaten New York
Saint Lawrenceflodens avrinningsområde
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia"
}
|
What is RORO? It is a term for roll-on roll-off cargo which is driven on and off a vessel. RORO cargo consists of items such as tractors, buses and trucks, or oversized cargo loaded on special flatbed, mafi or lowboy trailers. New or used automobiles that are transported by ship are often moved on a large type of RORO called a Pure Car Carrier (PCC) or Pure Car Truck Carrier (PCTC). To learn more about the evolution of the Ro/Ro carrier, please click here.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
|
The Open Fuel Standard Coalition is a bipartisan group in the United States actively working for passage of H.R. 1687, the "Open Fuel Standard Act of 2011." The OFS Coalition views this legislation as the solution to the current energy crisis by the implementing of alternative energy sources into our fuel transportation market sector, thereby breaking our dependence on foreign oil. Specifically, by implementing H.R. 1687, the Open Fuel Standard Act of 2011 all vehicles sold in the US will have to either operate on mixed fuels, containing 85 percent ethanol, methanol, biodiesel, or any other alternative energy source.
The need for an open fuel standard could not be any clearer as we have seen the rising price of oil in recent years. The continuing unrest and violence in the Middle East has caused dramatic increases in crude oil that remains strongly controlled by OPEC. Our current gasoline consumption from foreign oil is unsustainable for the future. Additionally, our oil addiction is contributing to the financial support of our enemies abroad and unquestionably aiding terrorist organizations. The promise of freeing our dependence on foreign oil has long been stated, but we can no longer kick the can further down the road. Now, both Republicans and Democrats must work together to implement a sensible bipartisan solution to reinvent and revitalize our energy policies. By the end of the 112th session, we hope to quickly move this legislative through congress and enforce the open fuel standard as a policy priority.
Purpose
The open fuel standard will create incentive to promote and invest in the emerging market of ethanol, methanol, biodiesel, and any other alternative fuel. Vehicles with these alternative fuel engines will re-energize our economy and create new jobs here in the U.S. Comparatively, mixed fuels produce less carbon emissions as well as beating the price of oil three to one. The technology and resources are already available for flex-fuel cars, but the availability and access to pumps is scarce. By manufacturing flex-fuel cars, gas stations can create new revenue by adding mixed fuel pumps that offer low cost alternative to gasoline. However, the first step is allowing a demand by opening up the market to producing more flex fuel and alternative fueled cars.
Our foreign competitors, including China and Brazil have already successfully implemented similar regulations on auto industries selling cars in their countries resulting in tremendous success and new manufacturing plants in both China and Brazil. The U.S. cannot stay competitive as we fall behind in the investments of alternative energy and auto industries take their business abroad.
Goal
The goal of the OFS coalition is to pass H.R. 1687, the "Open Fuel Standard Act of 2011" in the 112th United States Congress and generate pressures on the administration and federal departments to take further action. The OFS Coalition is assisting in providing information about the open fuel standard in an effort to educate Members of the United States Congress, while successfully engaging with various groups to promote the tactical purposes of the open fuel standard and draw attention and support of key Members of Congress.
A web site has been created by the Open Fuel Standard Coalition to help keep interested parties informed about the Open Fuel Standard Act. The purpose of OpenFuelStandard.org is to provide information to citizens who want to help the Open Fuel Standard Act become law.
1. Practical actions you can take that will help pass the Open Fuel Standard Act of 2011.
2. Information to further educate you on the Open Fuel Standard.
3. Posts you can forward to your friends and family to educate them about the Open Fuel Standard.
Reasons for the Open Fuel Standard
1. Save money. It will bring down gas prices at the pump. The main reason gas is so expensive is that OPEC deliberately lowers its production to raise the price of oil, and we have no real fuel choice at the pump. It is all made of oil. So when OPEC reduces its production and makes oil more expensive, we have no other choice — we must pay it. OPEC knows this, and takes advantage of its leverage. Fuel choice at the pump will be the end of a long-running monopoly.
2. Healthier. The fumes from burning alcohol and other alternatives are less toxic than the fumes from burning gasoline — considerably less toxic to humans and other living things.
3. Better economy. It will generate jobs in the United States. Americans will be building fuel-processing plants, fuel stations, growing the raw materials to make methanol from biomass, growing crops to make ethanol, inventing new kinds of other alternative fuels, and coming up with new ways to make fuel from waste products. American ingenuity will have a field day.
4. Safer. Alcohol is less flammable than gasoline, and therefore less dangerous (less likely to explode). Alcohol burns cooler than gasoline, too, which also makes it less dangerous.
5. Cooler. Alcohol fuels will put less carbon into the air. To drill for oil, you're taking carbon out from underneath the surface of the earth and burning it, adding carbon to the air that wasn't already there. But to make ethanol and methanol, you use plant material. So the plant pulls carbon out of the air, and then when it is burned as fuel, it returns the same carbon back into the air.
6. Expensive. Manufacturing a car with flex-fuel capability adds to the price of a car. It comprises many relatively small tweaks, usually adding around one hundred dollars to the cost (not the price) of a new car. Typically, it requires all metal components within the fuel system to be changed to stainless steel and all hoses and o-rings require the substitution of specialist ethanol and methanol-resistant fluoroelastomers
7. Cheaper. It doesn't cost the federal government any money.
8. Environmentally friendly. An "alcohol spill" would not be a disaster like an oil spill. Alcohol dissolves in water and is readily consumed by bacteria. Within a few days of an Exxon-sized ethanol or methanol spill, the ocean would be back to normal.
9. Security. The fuel competition at the pump will reduce the amount of money going to regimes hostile to America (and hostile to their own populations). These regimes are dangerous for the world, and their enormous revenues give them power and influence around the world. Democracies would be better off if those regimes didn't have their inexhaustible wealth to wield.
10. Freedom. The bill requires 95 percent of cars to be capable of burning any alternative fuel by 2017, leaving the choice up to the automaker. Because the Open Fuel Standard Act of 2011 does not pick a winner, every alternative fuel can compete against gasoline, thereby allowing consumer choice. Cars could be electric, hydrogen, natural gas, bio-diesel, or any other non-gasoline alternative and qualify under the Act. This is the only technology-neutral bill, meaning that it doesn't favor any particular option and allows the market to decide which innovative solution will win out.
References
Sustainable energy
Political organizations based in the United States
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia"
}
|
In order to capitalize on the third Spider-man and the storyline used, Marvel Comics returned everyone's favorite web-slinger to his darker costume in a "back in black" storyline. In many ways, that's how I feel about Hasbro's decision to re-release the 25 th Anniversary battle pack Snake Eyes in his original color scheme. When the original figure was released, many fans questioned the choice of the charcoal gray color scheme. After all, if this was an anniversary line dedicated to reproducing classic character designs in updated style of character construction, why was Snake Eyes not released in his signature togs? Hasbro listened to fan feedback and, in a cost-effective move, released the figure in his familiar colors. So, how does this figure weigh in compared to all of the other releases? Read on, and find out one Joe fan's opinion.
This is going to be a fairly brief review for the simple reason that there are only two differences between this figure and all of the other releases this character design has seen in the anniversary line thus far. First, this figure is molded entirely in black plastic with only a few paint applications used to provide contrast and highlight some molded details. Secondly, this figure features the updated "shaved crotch" as some fans are calling it. I'll start with the color change first. Aside from the use of some gray paint on the edge of the molded goggle as well as on the buckles found on the character's left thigh, this figure is completely devoid of paint applications. It's quite possibly the closest that Hasbro has come to replicating the original release of Snake Eyes from 1982 yet. Many times, the temptation seems to have been to release a black Snake Eyes and then cover the figure with various paint applications—painting in the belt, harness, buckles, or goggles in order to add some contrast to a "sea of black". The only problem with such extra applications is that they really do fly in the face of the spirit of the original release. Snake Eyes' original color scheme was a cost-saving move that proved to be extremely effective in defining a particular character. His all black look was an attempt to minimize the total number of paint applications used for the debut wave of the A Real American Hero line—it wasn't done intentionally to crazy the "ultimate ninja warrior" or any other such nonsense. However, it worked and it worked extremely well. The figure's all black look became a staple of the character's design and subsequent versions of the original character that deviated in any degree from the original color scheme were met with scorn and disdain by many collectors. Hasbro wisely brought the character back to his "design roots" with this release—a move that has obviously proven an effective sales tool as evidenced by the fact that I have only seen this figure on the pegs once since his release in December 2007.
The other area in which this Snake Eyes figure deviates from the original 25 th Anniversary release is evident in the changes to the tooling of the figure's waist. The previous version of the character suffered from what many collectors referred to as "diaper crotch". Hasbro seemingly placed "form over function" with this line at its inception and released the debut figures with a waist design that offered a much more limited range of motion than the classic ARAH era figure or even the more recent GvC series. The figures, when compared to their counterparts, couldn't sit and had a much more limited range of motion at the hips. While a minority of collectors didn't appear to have a problem with this limitation, a vocal majority voiced their dissatisfaction with this apparent oversight. After all, these were anniversary versions of "fully poseable modern army figures" not "semi-poseable mini-statues". Some fans pointed to the various McFarlane toy lines which were infamous for their emphasis on design almost entirely over articulation and pleaded with Hasbro not to move the Joe line into that direction. After all, many figures were plagued with what has become known in some circles as "Duke arms" or elbows that couldn't bend a full 90 degrees. Why must the waists be subject to the same design oversight? Thankfully, Hasbro came though again and shaved down the excess plastic around the character's hips, offering a much greater range of motion. Not only has the battle pack Snake Eyes been offered in single carded form but his range of motion has been dramatically improved.
|
{
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
}
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August 29, 2016 – (Motor Sports Newswire) – It was not only a memorable first victory for Husqvarna Motorcycles factory team in international rally competition but also a popular win for Quintanilla's fans at home in Chile.
Wrapping up the five stages in a combined time of 11:48.38 hours, Quintanilla was fastest home in the final 100km of sand dunes, finishing the stage in 58.51 minutes. This gave him the overall win by just 29 seconds from second-placed Toby Price of Australia, the winner of the 2016 Dakar Rally. Joining them on the podium was Kevin Benavides of Argentina, whose combined time was 9.35 minutes behind Quintanilla.
As an added bonus, Quintanilla now heads the leader board in the FIM World Cross-Country Rallies Championship going into the final Round Five, the Oillibya Rally of Morocco (October 1-7). Quintanilla leaves Chile with 66 points, three ahead of KTM factory rider Sam Sunderland. Toby Price, who had to withdraw from the Sealine Rally through injury, now has 50 points.
Rockstar Energy Husqvarna factory teammate Pela Renet of France, who has been gaining in confidence during the rally, finished in a solid seventh in the final stage, only 7.15 minutes off the pace. This placed him at overall 11th for the competition.
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