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This is the most fabulous cardigan we've seen all year! Just look at how comfy cozy that sweater knit material is!! You're going to want to wear this everyday!! Plus a cardigan is only great if it has pockets, so you know this one is a winner! Brace yourself for all the compliments you are about to get on this beauty!
Bust: Small 40" Medium 42" Large 44"
Waist: Small 40" Medium 42" Large 44"
Length: Small 30" Medium 30.5" Large 31" | {
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Category: Federal Courts/Cases
Federal Courts/Cases
Federal Prosecutors Investigate Mount Vernon Police Department for Civil Rights Violations
Dec 3, 2021 Raul
NEW YORK Federal prosecutors with the Department of Justice in New York opened an investigation against the Mount Vernon Police…
Ukrainian Ransomware Extortionist Arrested in Poland, Charged with Attacks on Businesses
Nov 8, 2021 Raul
TEXAS A federal grand jury returned an indictment Monday against Yaroslav Vasinskyi, 22, a Ukrainian national, for conducting ransomware attacks against…
Ex-Federal Prison Guard Sentenced to 15 Months for Accepting Bribes to Smuggle Contraband Into Prison
Mar 17, 2021 Raul
LOS ANGELES A former Bureau of Prisons (BOP) correctional officer at the Federal Correctional Complex, Victorville was sentenced Wednesday to…
White Supremacist Admits to Conspiring to Vandalize Synagogues
NEW JERSEY A New Jersey man pleaded guilty Friday to his role in conspiring with members of a white supremacist…
Developer Will Pay $1.2 Million to Resolve a Criminal Probe Involving Ex-L.A. Councilman
LOS ANGELES A San Francisco-based company agreed to pay $1.2 million to resolve a federal criminal investigation, according to officials.…
Feds: Two Executions Set for Federal Death-Row Inmates in September
Jul 31, 2020 Raul
The Federal Bureau of Prisons announced Friday that the executions of two federal death-row inmates for murder. William Emmett LeCroy raped…
Former Defense Intelligence Agency Guilty of Leaking Classified Information to Journalists
WASHINGTON D.C. Henry Kyle Frese, an employee of the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), plead guilty today to charges related to…
Calif. Woman Sentenced to Three Years for Selling a Powerful Opioid Used to Sedate Elephants
LOS ANGELES A Fontana woman who was part of a drug-trafficking organization that distributed carfentanil,…
Ongoing NY AG Investigation Details Allegations of Trumps' Business Fraud | {
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I have been practicing Dry Fasting every 2nd Day now for some time. The dry fast is about 32 hours, or more some days. As I noticed from previous tests that it gets much easier as it becomes the normal lifestyle to the body. This is very true for me now and it would be very difficult to go back to an eating daily lifestyle. The truth is I feel much-much stronger and alive on my dry fasting days. I find on my eating day I'm often weaker and feel sad somewhat. My eating day will soon follow a 100% liquidarianism lifestyle. Pure juices don't seem to bother me as much as solids as the body can assimilate the matter using less of the valuable nerve energy. Today is my Birth-Day and being a Dry Fasting Day I feel great!
I may increase my dry fasting days depending on my body feelings, I know after 32 hours I feel NO thirst at all. It seems that taking in water also uses up our nerve energy. Too bad we need to consume food, if we didn't we would function much better and much-much longer.
One concern I previously had while learning this lifestyle was that I might be a social out-cast with co-workers and friends. However this has turned out not to be the case. Since my problem solving skills have improved dramatically, people come to me for advice on all sorts of issues. It appears since I'm doing well with the lifestyle nothing negative can be said about it. Comments I get now are most often 'must take a lot of will power'! Well actually it does not; not any more. Not eating is easier then eating for me. Eating takes time, preparation, money and takes energy from the body to assimilate it making you rest more etc.
Posted: Mon Apr 14, 2008 12:54 pm Post subject: Hey Jordan!
You are really doing it.
Where you are right now is where I am headed. I'm still trying to make one meal per day routine. Then after a time of that I plan to switch to every other day. Then...?
I love it when I notice late in the afternoon that I have not yet eaten.
Besides more energy and problem solving abilities, what have you noticed that changed for you?
Posted: Tue Apr 15, 2008 12:55 am Post subject: hi All!!!
Posted: Tue Apr 15, 2008 7:27 pm Post subject: Re: Hey Jordan!
I also did the 1 meal per day for a while (evening meal), it teaches much self control, I'm sure you will do well, what types of food are you using? I'm now practicing the lifestyle of liquidarianism; tomorrow I'll be making carrot, apple, lettuce juice and some oranges if I feel like chewing. I'm still not sure on how much juice my body is asking for but after a while I'm sure I'll figure it out. I think when you?re ready for it; you will enjoy eating every other day very much. I notice on my dry fasting days I have a total body sensation that is a wonderful feeling but I can't describe it yet, additionally it seems to be getting better with each dry fast, only time will tell. Also I notice certain smells like fresh morning air really stimulate me now and cause great joy much more then previous to this lifestyle.
I did the juice fast last year for 3 months though I did start adding avos in around day 68. Today was juice only. It does feel good to be on liquids but after a few weeks my teeth really missed the chewing action.
I'm a fruitarian for the most part, 100% raw fruit with raw greens and a few roots and nuts added. The nuts are just about doing me in. They're so crunchy and sweet in my mouth but then are so uncomfortable in my gut for the whole next day.
I have a question about dry fasting. Why no water?
I'm considering eating one meal every other day with as much liquids in between as I care for. Seems like a good way to transition.
Has your sleep patterns changed since eating every other day?
Bhairavananda, so you are not taking any food at this time? If so, how long have you been at this and what has happened to your body weight. I've heard that most experience weight loss to a point and then, after the useless fat is burned up, weight stabilizes. Would love to hear about your adventure.
Posted: Thu Apr 17, 2008 1:52 am Post subject: Hi Jimmy.
Will be possibly writing more here soon,but the funny thing is that now SOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO much has shifted over the last few weeks,i feel less of a need to actually communicate it as much as i used to,suffice to say that you simply know when the struggle is over,when the intensity of Prana flows right through your entire 4-body system,every cell dances,no blockages,no fear of the flow,little desire left...in short,the first real taste of freedom - Love and light to you ALL - Hara Namah.
Posted: Fri Apr 18, 2008 2:00 am Post subject: Another reply to Jimmy!
I find more energy with Dry Fasting and much has been said about it detoxing much beter then water fasting. Plus toxins are by their very nature are not water soluble anyway and can therefore not be eliminated with the help of water. No big changes in sleeping patterns at this time, however on my dry fasting days I don't get as tired as on my juicing days. Since I use juices I don't even drink pure water anymore. However next time I do a long fast say 15-40 days I will use Carbonated Water. The body can actually manufacture carbohydrates (blood sugar) from CO2. (Gluconeogenesis) This ensures lots of sugar for the brain and does not interfer with the fast.
I've been intermittent dry fasting for quite some time, now. I drink very little, and eat only when I feel like it. I've become so used to it that people who are always carrying around water bottles seem very silly to me. | {
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Three fun and easy steps in learning how to read.
1. Learning letters and sounds- enjoy learning the sounds of the letters with fun music, games, and object lessons.
2. Sounding the words- experience the excitement when your child starts sounding out words after learning 5 letters.
3. Reading books- accelerate into reading as your child reads his/her first book within only 3 weeks of starting Frontline Phonics.
The program comes with 20 easy readers, alphabet cards, alphabet picture flash cards, and a student workbook. It also has a CD with songs of the alphabet sounds. This set is brand new, never been used. | {
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Over the years we've built as many turbo headers as anyone in doing this you start to figure out what the weak links are and what you really need in a nice lifetime turbo header. Well the single biggest obstacle in a header is the transition from the collector to the header in this transition the round part of the header has to form into a rectangle to go into the turbo. This is usually hammer formed into the size then welded and silicon bronzed on the outside. Within this piece is where you mount you wastegate. This is where almost all headers fail is the weld joint that holds the pipe that mounts the wastegate. This is the hottest part of the header and has a heavy valve that hangs off of it that constantly controls how much boost is applied to the engine it does this by bypassing excess turbocharger pressure. So not only is there extreme heat on this joint but tons of pressure trying to break the gate off the pipe. Over the years we've developed gussets supports you name it. But sooner or later the weld at that joint will break from the constant expansion and contraction of the weld from hot to cold. This why we built this entire piece from solid billet 1018 steel 100% cnc machined there are no weld joints and we have completed eliminated cracking. We've also built in a male female interlock for the aircraft v-band flange that's machined into it for perfect alignment when clamped .Another huge plus is that the 90 degree transition is done in 3.5 inch's total there is no tube you can buy that can make this bend that tight So it free's up tons of precious engine compartment room when designing a set up.I'm very proud of this piece it has added another level to the art of Turbocharging. | {
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7 - 8 September 2021
HARNESS THE POWER OF YOUR DATA
Data is ubiquitous. Many organisations have spent a fortune on developing talent capable of competent data analysis but not many have equipped their workforce with the ability to communicate the insights they generate effectively to decision-makers.
Unlock insights trapped within your analysts through lessons in Data Storytelling.
Participants will learn to meaningfully articulate findings through both narrative and visual strategies. This module will enable participants to drive change through effective communication of data insights.
Create stories that highlight value from data-driven insights
Enhance business insights through rich, interactive and intuitive visuals that are easy for any audience to interpret
Transform confusing data into stories that create clarity and inspire action
Learn how to create, display and distribute data in a meaningful and impactful way
Equip yourself with a proven framework for developing impactful slide-decks that engage stakeholders and secure buy-in
Why Data Storytelling?
Give data the voice to communicate insights effectively. By harnessing the power of Data Storytelling, minds will be informed of potential solutions, valuable data conversations will be triggered, teams will be better aligned and the path forward for organisations will become clearer with transformative insights.
Poor Storytelling
The first step to improving storytelling skills is to recognise errors. Participants will see poor examples of storytelling in the wild and discuss on how these came to be. Together, participants and the instructor will brainstorm ideas and concepts for improved effectiveness.
Who, What, How
The first step to crafting a Data Story is to consider three key questions: Who is your audience? What do you want to tell them? And how can you bring this story to life with your data? This process facilitates the prioritisation of information to a decision-maker.
Graphical Integrity
Misleading visuals are everywhere. Protect your company from misinformation (or from spreading it) by learning about training in Graphical Integrity.
Insight & The Big Idea
Putting together the 'Who, What, How' enables us to form the 'Big Idea'. This 'Big Idea' serves as a guide to ensure there is a consistent narrative in our visuals, and thus a singular takeaway for the audience.
Stories help us make sense of information in a clear and structured way. Our method and materials emphasise multiple methods of structuring a story, like Head-to-Toe.
Graphical Perception
Learn the weaknesses and limits of the human brain as well as design visuals that are accessible to your audience. Better visuals means a clearer message.
Choosing a Visual
There are Bar charts, Line Charts, Stacked Bar, Pie Charts, Area Maps, Impact Metrics, Scatter Plots, Heat Maps and Xenographics among other options. Participants will learn about common pitfalls for popular chart types to avoid replication. Discussions will also include the best charts to use when trying to convey certain types of information.
Gestalt Principles of Visual Grouping
Design through visual grouping creates intuitive visuals - the 6 Gestalt Principles. Intuitive visual grouping makes it easier to convey essential information.
Visual Hierarchy
By designing a hierarchy of information into visuals, participants will learn to make charts that explain data for intuitive consumption. This reduces the strain on decision-makers to understand every part of the results.
Chart Junk
Participants will learn to create visuals where form follows function, making data insightful. Exhibiting impact to decision-makers spurs change in an organisation.
Fonts, formats and colours are key elements in any visual. Participants that master these elements can communicate difficult concepts with ease.
Dissecting Model Visuals & Chart Redesign
Participants will apply the lessons of the course to existing visuals for diagnosis and redesign. Our materials will help others to create a vibrant community of storytellers.
This course will utilise a combination of lectures, presentations and workshops
This course is best suited for participants that are interested in learning the fundamentals of business analytics solely to be able to think in a data-analytics way.
Suitable for people with little or no experience in computer science but with a grounding in undergraduate-level mathematics.
This course will allow you to analyse data rigorously, communicate results as well as summarise achievements to present to decision-makers.
ZACHARY JOHNSON
Zachary is an experienced marketing strategist and business consultant with a decidedly creative flair. His varied background in everything from mobile games to farming implements have given him unique insights into business challenges in every market and scenario. He specialises in data-driven decision making and synthesising new strategies into compelling business cases. His work related passions include human centred design, innovative pricing strategies and international development. Zachary holds an MBA from the Carlson School of Management at the University of Minnesota and a BA from Macalester College in Japanese. | {
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IU football quarterback Connor Bazelak at the Manning Passing Academy this week
June 22, 2022 Mike Schumann IUFB 3
Some of the country's top college quarterbacks are spending the weekend down in Louisiana, and IU signal caller Connor Bazelak is among them.
A transfer from Missouri, Bazelak is one of several quarterbacks selected to serve as a counselor for this year's Manning Passing Academy. The four-day event, which begins on Thursday and runs through Sunday, is held at Nicholls State University in Thibodaux, Louisiana. It serves as one of the country's premier football camps.
The Manning Passing Academy prides itself on helping high school quarterbacks, running backs, receivers and tight ends realize their full potential on and off the football field. Now, Bazelak is among the select few chosen to serve as mentors and aid in that process. He'll also get a chance to learn from Peyton and Eli Manning, and other pros.
Bazelak is one of 45 college quarterbacks scheduled to attend the camp. From the Big Ten, he will be joined by Purdue's Aidan O'Connell, Iowa's Spencer Petras and Ohio State's C.J. Stroud.
Widely viewed as the clubhouse leader for the starting quarterback job coming out of spring practice, Bazelak brings a wealth of Power Five experience to Bloomington.
Bazelak threw for 5,084 yards with 23 touchdowns, 17 interceptions, and a 66.4 completion percentage in 20 starts (24 games) from 2019-21 for the Tigers.
The 6-foot-3, 215-pounder started all 11 games in which he appeared in 2021 and threw for 2,548 yards. Bazelak, a team captain, added 16 TDs and 11 INTs with a 65.3 percent completion rate.
He was named the 2020 SEC Co-Freshman of the Year in a vote by the league's coaches as a redshirt freshman. Bazelak earned a spot on PFF's SEC All-Freshman team and carded SEC Freshman of the Week honors three times.
The Dayton, Ohio, native posted a 5-3 record as starter in 2020 and totaled 2,574 yards with seven scores and six interceptions, and he completed 67.3 percent of his passes.
IU head coach Tom Allen chose to not name Bazelak as his starter, allowing a competition with veteran backup Jack Tuttle to carry into fall camp.
"A lot of guys have played a lot of football for us in game situations," Allen said during the spring. "Obviously, Connor brings a ton of experience from another school.
"It's a critical position. Everybody knows that. Their ability to grow, and to develop and to be able to come together as a team is a big part of this.
"They have to lead that group. They have to not only lead themselves, but they have to lead that (locker) room. They've got to be able to put the team on their back and that takes a lot of time, and it takes preparation."
Seven ways to support completely free IU coverage at no cost to you.
Connor Bazelak | {
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Suddenly the Mendelssohn string quartets are fashionable again; this is the third recording of Op 13 to appear in as many months. Those who admire the Alban Berg Quartet will find the usual virtues in these performances - the unanimity of ensemble, the total evenness of tone, and the total consensus about matters of phrasing and dynamics. They take a Beethovenian approach to both works, giving them a seriousness and weight that identifies their pedigree, but in the process they lose many of the qualities that make these early pieces so utterly Mendelssohnian. The element of fantasy, of spontaneous invention, is almost ruthlessly suppressed; the Alban Berg calculate every effect and every rubato down to the last detail, so the music acquires a take-it-or-leave-it flatness. There are several other CD versions of both works that are more alive and endearing.
Riccardo Chailly's Mahler survey is nearing completion, and the qualities that have distinguished the previous issues in the series are eloquently demonstrated here. Chailly builds the apocalyptic grandeur of the Resurrection Symphony slowly and inevitably. His view of the opening funeral march is less weighty and sombre than many, but the grip on the huge structure is always unswervingly sure and remorselessly discharged in the final pair of vocal movements. The orchestral playing from the Concertgebouw is superb, and Melanie Diener and Petra Lang are first-rate soprano and mezzo soloists. Chailly also offers the most intelligent of couplings - the symphonic poem Totenfeier, out of which Mahler eventually carved the first movement of the Second Symphony, in an equally majestic reading.
If John Adams's Nixon in China and The Death of Klinghoffer spawned the idea of "CNN Opera", it is works such as Jake Heggie's Dead Man Walking that have made the term a pejorative one. First performed in San Francisco in 2000, the opera follows the book of the same name by Sister Helen Prejean and the film (starring Susan Sarandon) based upon it. It tells the story of Sister Helen's befriending of a convicted murderer on death row in Louisiana and her developing relationship with him, ending in his execution. The dramatic treatment is bold and unflinchingly graphic, its moral sentiments impeccable. But the score adds absolutely nothing to the harrowing scenario: the orchestral music is unadventurous and vaguely suggestive; the vocal writing is either tunefully folksy or just utilitarian; characterisation is two-dimensional. Susan Graham sings superbly as Sister Helen, the rest of the cast is more than adequate, but this is a truly unnecessary opera.
The oratorio The Epic of Gilgamesh is one of the high points of Martinu's notoriously variable output. It was composed in Nice in 1955, originally to a stilted English translation of the Sumerian epic poem preserved on clay tablets. This performance, originally issued on Naxos's sister label Marco Polo, is sung in the later Czech translation of the text. The story of the hero Gilgamesh's confrontation with the creature Enkidu is presented by Martinu with great resourcefulness, using both spoken narration and solo singers, and alternating moments of great lyrical intimacy with raw, primeval grandeur; a huge amount is crammed into the work's hour-long span. | {
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Only when we recognize that both sides of an issue or argument will have some merit, some usable contribution, some wisdom and some worth, can we bring together all our variety of thoughts and experiences to create imaginative, new options.
The polarization of incivility simply divides us into camps devoted to the destruction and dominance of the other side, often in ways that block our own ability to be reflective or to adapt when needed. But if we can ever set aside some of the barriers that we build to "win" we just might be able to replace them with bridges that bring us together in amazing new ways.
Here's some great work written on the creativity that holds opposing ideas in a constructive tension… The Opposable Mind by Roger Martin. It's a great book that I highly recommend!
This entry was posted in October 2012 Civility and tagged Civility, Creativity, opposable mind, opposing ideas, polarization, unity. | {
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Home » musings » #HamareAbbaJaan
To be born in a condition of want and struggle is not a crime… to stay in a state of need forever is unpardonable though….
What life gives you is not your choice what you make of it is entirely up to you. He was born in a time of relatively meagre resources, to put it mildly. His father was a constable in the UP police and from what little I do know of his life he was not corrupt, besides it was not exactly the time and place where extortion was a source for additional income. Anyway he was posted in Azamgarh a place notorious for gangsters and dacoits. To keep ones head and to raise three children (later three more as my grandads brother passed away and and those kids became his responsibility as well). I shudder to think how he managed to raise six children on a constables salary.
What I do know through multiple accounts from many different people who have known my dad since he was a child are stories of struggle and the sheer brilliance that this man has been. He lost his mother when he was barely 5 years old. That in itself would have broken any child. He carried on bolstered by the responsibility of bringing up a baby sister and supported by an always supportive elder brother. I've heard stories of how even when they were that young they had mastered cooking and not just daal and rice (maggi sadly was not an option back in the 50s), of how one child would cook one of the veggies the other would make the rotis. Of how raw jaggery used to be something he absolutely relished (and lost all his milk teeth to with almost none of them falling off naturally rather decaying and getting pulled out prematurely)… it seems he used to wake up in the middle of the night, sneak over to the vats of raw gur dip his hand into the vat and eat as much as he could, then sleep off content… no one to urge him to brush his teeth before sleeping or wash his hand either… things we usually would not realize since we have all, mostly, grown up with a mother who is up the moment the child stirs and does not go back to sleep till the child is safely tucked back in.
The grandad could have remarried, brought home another wife and handled the fall out of having to manage the children without a mother. He was made of stronger stuff, he took the responsibility and shouldered it with the strength that is rare to see anymore, never remarried. My dad was, as a result of the abject hopelessness of the situation, pretty resourceful and by all accounts he was an exceptional scholar. He apparently refused to go to school once, per his own recounting of the incident, and received such a hiding from his dad that never again did he bring up the topic again. The school was apparently far away, had no benches or chairs and the boys didn't have any means to get there apart from having to walk/run. He topped the State Board exams studying from that school. The story of giving the exam is also pretty interesting. He was suffering from typhoid and running a very high fever almost to the point of being delirious and his dad, my granddad, ferried him to and from the exam center on a bicycle.
After coming out top of his class and being a UP Board topper he went on to do his engineering from the Aligarh Muslim University where he was on a full scholarship. Needless to say he was an outstanding scholar at the Engineering college as well. In fact to this day the record for highest marks ever scored by any student at the AMU final exams stands in his name, there's a plaque somewhere at the University. Almost 50 years and no one could do it. To think he came from a village that still, to this day, has spotty electricity supply and is still considered to be a hotbed of hot heads and gangsters. He did not appear for the UPSC exam to try and join the IAS because, and this is a funny one, he had already topped the IRSEE and was on his way to LBSNAA (among other institutes around the country) to train to be the future engine of the Indian Railways… he just needed one job to be able to marry his college sweetheart, my mother, and the Railways was first and it was enough.
Effortless excellence on the surface and satisfaction beyond understanding (of ordinary mortals) with what you have are two qualities worth emulating. He never played the office politics game to advance his career. He was too busy paying utmost attention to his work and children. And yet in all of Indian Railways he was known as Gandhiji. Why? He threw out every contractor, vendor who landed up trying to bribe their way into any contract. I remember once someone from Crompton Greaves landed up at our home… I had opened the door and taken the visiting card inside… we were excited looking at the mithaii ka dibbas and then came loud noises followed by kicking out of the contractor. There goes good Diwali mithaii… of course he made up for it by taking us to Tunday Miyan for kabab parathas!!! Handling contracts upwards of 3000Cr did not happen to every officer in the Indian Railways. He was doing that from a very early date. And yet when he retired his sons had to help fund the purchase of the land and the construction of a retirement home because full and final settlement would happen after retirement and he was not going to stay in his official bungalow for one minute more than his tenure. Not enough time to build the house after retiring! Ofcourse he paid it all back afterwards, he's got style you see.
A truly self made man who achieved more than anyone I know. He came close to being the Chairman Railway Board, the only reason he did not make it, well let's just say the minister was asking for money he did not have and even if he did he would never give. There are wheels within wheels and it's best to say some circuses are worth avoiding. Said minister (of that time) has recently been let out after a stint in jail on corruption charges. Karma catches up every single time. There is no ill feeling towards anyone on that account though one often wonders how would it be if the world were to be fair.
So yes, this is #HamareAbbaJaan. I am not sure whether the person looking to lead the most populous and fourth largest (by area) state of our country has a father or not, surely he must, maybe just the respect is missing. Clearly he has no respect for fathers is what comes through from what he has tried to insinuate yesterday at an election rally. Fathers make this nation, not people who have run away from their wives and worldly responsibilities. Alas we have become so blind in our religion based hate that now we will use language and relationships for our divisive agendas. I hope better sense prevails and the great leader realizes his mistake because fathers, as much as I know, rarely say much to their kids however they make the child what he or she is through leading by example and disciplining a child who errs is not as much about using the stick. Fight elections as much as you want just try and avoid bringing in your own troubled childhood and deeply seated angst towards your own father then projecting it on to the rest of the population. I wonder why the most powerful political party is repeatedly making the same mistake, earlier it was "Didi-O-Didi" and now "Abbajaan". I guess it's all well, good riddance to bad rubbish.
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Ентісоль, за класифікацією USDA — тип ґрунтів, що не мають ніякої багатошарової структури. Ентісоль не проявляє діагностичних горизонтів, і дуже схожий до материнської породи.
Ґрунти | {
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Make your final Preparations for 2016 International Beauty Show in New York!
The month of March is upon us in less than a week and with that comes International Beauty Show New York, celebrating their 99th anniversary!
Be Glamorous in NYC at the 2016 International Beauty Show!
Include IBS New York in your 2016 plans to celebrate their 99th anniversary! Year after year, IBS New York is the hottest beauty event around, the longest-running professionals-only trade show in the nation and draws more than 63,000 salon owners and beauty professionals! | {
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Mizzou student Dustin Dunn has placed second in the "Young Artist" category of this year's Music Teachers National Association (MTNA) national composition competition.
Dunn (pictured), a junior working on a bachelor's degree in music composition, was recognized for "Of Stained Glass and Hymnody," which was premiered in March 2016 by the Mizzou New Music Ensemble.
His work became eligible for a national award after winning first place in the Missouri statewide and West Central Division portions of the competition. As the second place winner, Dunn will receive a cash prize.
A native of Annapolis, MO and graduate of Iron South High School, Dunn was a winner in Mizzou's statewide Creating Original Music Project (COMP) and in the Missouri Composers Project before enrolling at the university with a full-tuition Sinquefield Scholarship to study composition. In addition to his awards from MTNA, he also was the winner of the Springfield (MO) Symphony's 2016 Missouri Composition Competition.
Mizzou student Dustin Dunn has won the West Central Division in the "Young Artist" category of the Music Teachers National Association (MTNA) composition competition.
His award in the West Central Division is the latest step in a process that began in October, when he was named winner of the Missouri state division of this year's MTNA competition.
Dunn's work now advances to the finals of MTNA's national competition, which offers a first place prize of $3,000, plus a performance at the Winners Concert during the 2017 MTNA National Conference, which will take place from March 18 to March 22 in Baltimore, MD.
You can read more about Dustin Dunn in the Fall 2015 issue of Mizzou, the University's alumni magazine, and see the Mizzou New Music Ensemble's performance of "Of Stained Glass and Hymnody" in the embedded video player below.
University of Missouri composition student Dustin Dunn has won this year's award in the "Young Artist" category of the Missouri state division of the Music Teachers National Association (MTNA) composition competition.
Dunn, a junior working on a bachelor's degree in music composition at Mizzou, was recognized for "Of Stained Glass and Hymnody," which was premiered in March 2016 by the Mizzou New Music Ensemble. He's the third Mizzou student in a row to win the statewide MTNA award, following Ben Colagiovanni last year and Trey Makler in 2014.
"Of Stained Glass and Hymnody" now will be entered in the national MTNA composition competition, which offers a first place prize of $3,000, plus a performance at the Winners Concert during the 2017 MTNA National Conference taking place from March 18 to March 22 in Baltimore, MD.
A native of Annapolis, MO and graduate of Iron South High School, Dunn (pictured) was a winner in Mizzou's statewide Creating Original Music Project (COMP) and in the Missouri Composers Project before enrolling at MU with a full-tuition Sinquefield Scholarship to study composition. In addition to this most recent award from MTNA, he also was the winner of the Springfield (MO) Symphony's 2016 Missouri Composition Competition.
Dunn was profiled in the Fall 2015 issue of Mizzou, the University's alumni magazine, and you can read that story online here.
Mizzou's Ben Colagiovanni has advanced to the next level in this year's Music Teachers National Association (MTNA) composition competition, winning the "Young Artist" award in the West Central Division.
Colagiovanni, a senior pursuing a bachelor's degree in music composition, previously was recognized as a state winner for "Forest Park Rhapsody." Now, as a division winner, his work automatically advances to the national competition, the results of which will be announced by the end of January.
The national MTNA composition competition offers a first place prize of $3,000, plus a performance at the Winners Concert during the 2016 MTNA National Conference, which will take place April 2 through April 6 in San Antonio, TX.
"Forest Park Rhapsody" was one of four works originally commissioned in 2014 by the Sinquefield Charitable Foundation for the Mizzou New Music Ensemble to perform at an event for members of Forest Park Forever's Leffingwell Society.
A native of St. Louis and graduate of Clayton High School, Colagiovanni (pictured) was a two-time winner in Mizzou's statewide Creating Original Music Project (COMP) before enrolling at MU with a full-tuition Sinquefield Scholarship to study composition.
University of Missouri composition student Ben Colagiovanni has won this year's award in the "Young Artist" category of the Missouri state division of the Music Teachers National Association (MTNA) composition competition.
The work originally was one of four commissioned in 2014 by the Sinquefield Charitable Foundation for the Mizzou New Music Ensemble to perform at an event for members of Forest Park Forever's Leffingwell Society.
"Forest Park Rhapsody" now will be entered in the national MTNA composition competition, which offers a first place prize of $3,000, plus a performance at the Winners Concert during the 2016 MTNA National Conference, taking place April 2 through April 6 in San Antonio, TX. | {
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Te Tari Whakamātau Hinekaro
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The Department of Psychology has an international reputation for excellence in research. It is seen as a leading Psychology Department in New Zealand and is regarded as one of the University of Otago's strongest departments. Our research effort is complemented by the training of many Masters and PhD students who are encouraged to publish in high quality journals alongside our internationally acclaimed research supervisors.
Our vibrant Department attracts large numbers of undergraduate and postgraduate students, and is one of the largest departments in the University in terms of student numbers. Our staff are known as excellent and passionate teachers, routinely obtaining high ratings from student evaluations, and earning various university teaching awards. Innovative teaching practices are applied at every level.
Our Clinical Psychology graduates are in demand by employers due to the depth and quality of the clinical programme. Our PhD graduates go on to postdoctoral positions and faculty positions at leading universities world-wide.
Read think. the Department of Psychology Magazine produced by OPSYC – Otago Psychology Students Committee
Psychology at Otago ranks in the top 50 internationally 3 years running
In the QS World University Rankings by Subject, the Department of Psychology at Otago has been ranked in the top 50 internationally three years in a row.
Read more at Top Universities: QS Worldwide university ratings
Psychology rated top academic unit in the country in latest PBRF rating exercise
We were also rated the top department at the University of Otago, using a national measure of research quality, in the latest Performance-Based Research Fund (PBRF) rating exercise. This rating exercise also shows that the Department of Psychology at Otago ranked as the No. 1 academic unit nationally across all disciplines when data from other tertiary education organisations were compared side by side.
See full results of the 2012 PBRF rating exercise here
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Psychology is the science of behaviour. It studies the way people and animals interact with the world and each other. This covers a wide range of topics. Here are a few, and the sort of questions they might address:
How do sleep, hormone levels and drugs affect our behaviour?
How does our brain work?
Why do our abilities and behaviour change with age?
What do our eyes tell our brain?
Why do groups of people treat each other the way they do?
When do we decide that behaviour is "abnormal" and what causes such problems?
How do our experiences influence our behaviour?
How do we remember things, solve problems and use language?
How do we apply our knowledge of behaviour to everyday situations?
Psychology attracts many students. If you specialised in Psychology, you would complete BSc or BA degrees with Psychology as your major subject.
Or, you may take Psychology because it complements other degrees. For example, you may take some psychology papers to go with your degrees in Law, Health Sciences, Education, Philosophy, Management, Marketing, Neuroscience, Computer Science, Physical Education, or Consumer and Applied Sciences.
There are 2 first-year papers, PSYC 111 (Semester 1) and PSYC 112 (Semester 2). You could take just one paper, but you usually must do both before you can take Psychology papers at 200-level. Each paper has both lectures and a laboratory component.
What background do you need?
Any student eligible to enrol at university can take Psychology papers at 100-level at the University of Otago.
Our students come from a variety of backgrounds, therefore we don't assume too much in terms of prior experience. High School English, Biology and Statistics are useful, but are not essential.
What other subjects should you take if you major in Psychology?
It depends on your particular interests and strengths. Here are a few examples, but there are many other possible combinations. You may:
take biology and chemistry because you're interested in the biological underpinnings of behaviour
take management and marketing because you plan to work in industry or an organisational setting
take mathematics and computer science because you're fascinated by artificial intelligence
add some political studies and philosophy to your degree because you're interested in issues of social change
like to work with children so you take some education papers
be interested in the cultural aspects of behaviour, so you take some anthropology and sociology papers
If you were intending to progress to advanced levels (eg, Honours, Masters, Diploma in Clinical Psychology) you should take STAT 110, STAT 115, or equivalent before entering 300-level psychology.
Clinical Psychologists and Psychiatrists are both trained to diagnose and treat psychological disorders and dysfunctions. Both can provide therapy and counselling services for children and adults.
Psychiatrists have a general medical degree and then advanced training in psychiatry. Psychiatrists can prescribe medication for people with serious mental illness, such as schizophrenia, whereas psychologists cannot.
Clinical Psychologists have a MA, MSc or PhD in Psychology and advanced training in Clinical Psychology (Postgraduate Diploma in Clinical Psychology). As well as therapy and counselling services, clinical psychologists can do psychological testing with well-researched tests. Psychiatrists usually do not do psychological testing.
The Department of Psychology aims to provide support, equity and inclusion for all students. This involves providing specific support for Māori students, Pacific students, international students and students who are experiencing any form of disability (including temporary and permanent situations).
Find out more about support services in the Department of Psychology
2014 was the 50th anniversary of the Psychology Department at the University of Otago.
We invite you to look back on our history.
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Zayn al-Abidin Muhammad Husayn (a.k.a. Abu Zubaydah) was born March 12, 1971 in Saudi Arabia. He was captured after cell phone traces and a gun battle in Faisalabad, Pakistan. He now resides at Guantanamo Bay, as perhaps the highest-ranking Al Qaeda leader in US custody. He affiliated with Al Qaeda at its beginning and became bin Laden's second deputy in 1995. He was responsible for planning attacks and screening recruits. While Bin Laden and his first deputy, al-Zawahiri, would set policy, Zubaydah would implement it by selecting targets, personnel, and methods. | {
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Displaying items by tag: interview
Erenlai - Displaying items by tag: interview
At the Confluence of World Music
Meet Fao, one of the instigators of the Renlai World Music Compilation released in July 2011 with the issue #84 of the magazine.
I hail from Bogotá, Colombia and have been living in Taipei for two years now. I compose music in which I like to use contemporary elements, electronic generated sounds and traditional music from South America and Asia.
After teaching sound engineering in Colombia, I was able to save enough money to fulfill my goal to travel and learn traditional instruments from other parts of the world. I went first to Japan, where I did several collaborations with contemporary noise musicians and also got initiated to traditional Japanese music. Then I moved on to India to learn classical Indian tabla music, before finally arriving in Taiwan where I practice the guqin and Taichi.
Daring to Take Risks 勇於冒險
Tim Yip and Chinese Art
Tim Yip discusses the avant-garde art scene in China, and how globalization and the desire for a quick buck can affect the core values of traditional culture in societies.
Bad kids: Leaving a message for their future selves
Yau Ching (游靜) is a documentary filmmaker and professor based in Hong Kong. She was present at the Taiwan Documentary Film Festival this year where her film We Are Alive was nominated for the Asian Vision Award. Since it was one of my favourite films at the festival, both stylistically and in mission, I was delighted to interview Yao Ching about her documentary film and her own youth experiences.
What were you trying to show about these 'bad' kids? Was there a message you were trying to give?
I didn't really show the kids, to be exact. The kids showed themselves. I basically did a series of workshops in these so-called reform institutes or detention centres in three different places. Hong Kong, Macao and Sapporo, Japan. At the workshops I gave the kids access to a bunch of video cameras, still cameras and audio recorders, for them to express themselves through these media. I gave them some exercises and themes as a means to talk about their feelings and thoughts. Through the exercises they were able to talk about their dreams, their fantasies, to write letters to themselves – their future selves; to talk about their families and most memorable memories. They were able to show a 'self' which is normally ignored or dismissed by mainstream media and institutions because they've been labeled as bad kids by society. Basically, in these very moralizing environments, these kids have lost quite a lot of their dreams and hopes for the future. I hoped that through these exercises they could regain some of this sense of self-recognition and self-confidence, so they could value their differences with other people and be able to think of themselves as having meaningful lives, not just the life defined by the legal institutions.
Is this why you asked them where they wanted to be 5 years in the future?
Actually that was a question about what kind of video you would write to your future self. I was hoping that through this exercise, they could see themselves as having a kind of continuity in their lives, not just that they were being segregated in this system, and this is the end of your life. Then you restart completely from nothing. This kind of amnesia doesn't really make people recognize and learn from their past experiences. What I value for my own self growth for example, is how I can make sense of my past experiences as something I can use to improve myself, to grow and expand my vision for the future. Building that continuity through media and video, I was hoping they could think like people who had a future and past and could come to terms with things.
Have you ever been incarcerated?
No. That's a very good question. I was a very good studious kid in my childhood, but then in my adolescence I was suddenly labeled a very 'bad' kid due to my gender and sexuality. This dramatic shift from good kid to bad kid has constructed me very deeply, in that I was forced to rethink some of the assumptions behind these constructions and labels. So, this project was also a way for me to rethink some of these values, such as what it means to be a 'good' or 'bad' kid in society.
Are there ways you think the penitentiary system in Asia can be improved on and how would you go about it?
From my limited experience, dealing with some institutions in limited places, I think that the whole youth reform system has to reconsider what education for youth is, rather than simply shutting them off from society or incarcerating and isolating them – even in terms of information flow, so that they are denied access to mainstream society and so that mainstream society doesn't have to see them; as if this would make society much more safe and civilized. We have to actually rethink our priorities so that society can help these kids grow up and be useful for society and we could even learn a lot from them. There is a lot to be learnt by society about diversity in East Asia. A lot of the youth problems that we are facing these days, could be coming from the inability of adults to cope with diversity. Our children have been growing up very fast with a lot of access to different kinds of information; thus they grew up being a lot more diverse than we were in the old days. So we adults have to learn to look at some of these, to register, to consult and to learn from these kids. Not just to erase them.
Do you think that any of the kids got some useful inspiration by the documentary process?
It wasn't really a documentary by me, but a collaborative process between me and the workshop participants. Thus, from the exercises they did themselves and with me, you can see that they have grown over the course of the workshop. I have learnt a lot from them. I think that they have learnt a lot too, not necessarily from me, but more from their own process of making the works, of having that freedom, however temporary it was, to tell these stories about themselves. I always think that telling your own stories to someone else is therapeutic. You can see through the workshop how every time they recount the story it is a little different. So, just through that process of telling, they are already learning.
Focus: Free Memory 2010 TIDF
The crazy thoughts of silent lightning
An interview with Kidlat Tahimik, a movie director, writer and actor born in 1942 in the Philippines.
Is referring to your work as "documentary film" justified?
Tahimik: For a long time I never really thought of genres. I did my first film Perfumed Nightmare and then my second and third. Then in 1989, suddenly, I was invited by the Yamagata documentary festival to show a certain film I'd made, and I said "You mean I'm a documentary maker? But my films are not like the BBC!" I always thought that that was the mould for documentary. Over time the documentary has relaxed what its outer shape and inner shape is supposed to be. So I guess I am a documentary maker, documenting my crazy thoughts.
What do you think is the most common misconception of your work?
Tahimik: My works are very open ended, so I don't know. I think for a close-ended world that's where most misconceptions will occur. I like it if there are 200 spectators and 201 interpretations.
Tahimik Junior: I think one of the things is that they sometimes perceive my father's work as anti-western and I think it's not so much anti-western as pro-indigenous. The other side.
Tahimik: Our side. Like for example my mother watched my first film and asked me "Why did you make such an anti-American film?". And then I said to her, "Ma, it's not anti-American, it's more oriented towards finding our own inner strengths. We have been subdued by American education, maybe in a certain sense we'd never been aware that we were overly Westernized because of our Western curriculum, and because Hollywood's curriculum. American idol has been in our country long before American Idol became a TV program.
In your film Turumba, you make reference to the nativization of Western religions. What do you think of the massive influence that the church plays in the Philippines today?
Tahimik: I look at Catholicism as a circumstance rather than an enemy. I have a feeling that it has contributed a lot, although its ideals, like many great religions are quite lofty and worthy. But because it doesn't really belong to our people, it tends to be interpreted at our convenience. So when you read about all the corruption in the Philippines, I think it is linked to the Catholic idea that you can live a completely sinful life, and at the moment of your death you have an act of attrition and you just go to heaven. So Marcos is in heaven. So it may have interfered with our cultural brake mechanism. Maybe that's why there is a seeming anarchy in our country.
Do you think that the term "The Third World" has transformed in meaning in recent years or been reclaimed?
Tahimik: I didn't really understand that it was a dichotomy, as opposed to the first and second world. I guess it's mainly economic nomenclature. An indigenous chieftain in one of my films. He always mispronounced the word "indigenous" saying "We indi-genius peoples have been trampled upon, our indi-genius culture is looked down upon". And I said "Wow! It's a really cosmic mispronunciation." to combine the "genius" with the indigenous culture. I think that third world juices can be harnessed for economic development. There is a lot of indigenous wisdom that can balance this world which has lost its brakes.
For a review of three of Kidlat Tahimik's films see Conor's article: Documenting his own reality: The films of Kidlat Tahimik
Read the Chinese here
Cinéma du Réel by Jean Perret
To show its commitment to documentary film, Taiwan allowed the necessary conditions for an exchange of knowledge from the best documentarists around the world. One particularly fruitful scheme was the DOCumentary DOCtor project, which invited young Taiwanese directors to present their projects and be given tips and advice by the experts. Alongside Janne Niskala and Min-chul Kim, Jean Perret completed the panel of experts. Jean Perret founded the Swiss documentary festival Visions du Réel in Switzerland and he is now the director of the Cinema Department of the Art Institute at the Geneva University of Arts and Design.
When Ida and Nick caught up with Jean in the VIP suite, he was delighted to tell us more of his missions in the documentary, against the flux audiovisuel (audiovisual flow) andthe inebriation of information.
Photo: Liu Lu-chen
Sunday, 31 October 2010 00:00
Transcending conventional reality: An interview with CCD Workstation's Wu Wenguang
At the 2010 Taiwan International Documentary Festival, CCD Workstation, an artist space in Beijing had their own very own program. Wu Wenguang who founded the workstation was invited over to the festival as a special guest to give his judgements on the Taiwan award. In between his arrival and his humorous conducting of the audience at the awards ceremony Nick and Shinie Wang caught up with him to find out a little more about The Villager Documentary Project.
Nick Coulson: How did The Villager Documentary Project come about?
Wu: It came completely by chance in 2005, when I was wondering how the villagers would use a DV camera if given the opportunity. Would they be able to make the documentary they wanted? Ten villagers came up to Beijing and after basic training; they all made a short film related to village self-governance. After this plan finished, those willing to carry on, did so. Ten became four. The films My Village 2006 and My Village 2007 were completed, without restrictions; what they wanted to film, they filmed.
N.C.: Were the villagers able to 'bare their stuff' and bare their past memories through this project? Was there any discrepancy between your initial aims and the final outcome?
Wu: Initially, the title of the film Bare Your Stuff, was questioning whether we are able to release ourselves, to honestly confront and get rid of our doubts, to trust each other. The big problem over the past five years is that none of us trusted each other. These trivial matters made it very difficult to work together, as that requires revealing yourself, understanding and respecting others. I discovered that the problem wasn't whether or not they could film. The facts have already proven they can film and very well. China doesn't lack people who can make documentaries. Villagers filming documentary is more about civil consciousness.
Shinie Wang: You have been filming since the late 80s, have your creative or technical ideas changed since then? Your latest film Treating, documents the life of your recently deceased mother, does this indicate a change style?
Wu: The biggest change is in method. Towards the end of the 90s I changed from large professional equipment to a small DV camera. I adopted an image diary style: no topic, no materials, no plan, no budget. I just filmed what happened to be there and then edited it. For example, Bare Your Stuff was about the behind the scenes process of the Villager Documentary Project. Then, in Treating I edited over 10 years of collected images as a form self-treatment. Next I want to make a film about my father, through history and memory, a film that will deal once and for all with the relationship between my father and this family - this is also self-treatment. I won't film societal documentaries again. I'm bigger than the Palace Museum, there are many things inside myself that I don't understand. How can I understand others if I don't understand myself?
S.W.: What documentaries are you most interested in? What are the ingredients of a good documentary?
Wu: I have different hobbies at different times. I like all sorts of documentary, but recently I prefer personal images more than recording workers, the repressed and the suffering, which used to fascinate me. How can these personal images transcend of the normal? Documentaries should not merely show the truth, but they should be able to show through things, like X-ray vision.
Zhou Xueping's The Starving Village records the last two years of her grandmother's life including several other old villagers; they talk about the famine fifty years back. It's very subjective, she wanted the village she knows, not the reality of the village, yet it all comes from reality. While it leaves objectivity slightly, she creates the reality that she knows, that of a 'starving village', one that is dying, a ruin. This is transcending conventional reality. This is "the creation of reality".
Directing Intuition: When you are making a film, leave the window open
In October 2010, Taiwan International Documentary Festival welcomed Heddy Honigmann as their special guest. eRenlai & TIDF interviewed her under the watchful eye of her own camera.
Born in Peru to Polish Jewish immigrants, Heddy Honigman moved around the world a lot before eventually settling in Holland. She went from literature, to poetry, where she realized she was writing her poem though a series of images and that what she really wanted to do was make films. Yet even in film Heddy has alternated between fiction and documentary. Added to the various languages she speaks, her lifestyle has always had a nomadic touch: "It sounds cliché but I am from everywhere. If I had been in Taiwan and young, I would become Taiwanese. I can root anywhere; I call it a gift for film". For Heddy, film is closely related to memory. Her family members were great story tellers, especially the women. Her mum said "the world is full of horrible things," but that "you can't cry about everything in life". You have to approach everything with a degree of humor and irony. "You have to live and smile a little, or die."
Heddy says: "When you are making a film, leave the window open." The art of improvisation is more important when your making documentary. You have a dialogue, not an interview. For example when asked: How do you capture their inner reactions? She retorted: How do you kiss a woman? It's different every time. It either works or it doesn't. For example the former Bosnian War soldier in Crazy. He had sweaty hands. He kept looking down. He told me once that he had tried to commit suicide. He was willing to tell me this. Why? I was talking to him like I talk to a person, I only film people, I had tears running down my face because of some of the stuff he told me. Of course I stopped myself making any sounds. But I was listening to him because I was genuinely interested in him and what he was telling me.
Do you observe people for a while before deciding to interview them? Have you already built up a relationship with your subjects?
It depends. Most of the time, I research. I make sure the supporting pillars are in place. I make sure the film is possible. I then search for 3 or 4 characters that are so strong that they will always remain in the film, even if it gets difficult. I might find them in the street, or the cemetery; it's intuition. I am looking for 'film characters'. Some people may have interesting content but when they communicate there is no emotion. Some of the people in my films rival Robert De Niro. For example in Crazy, it was very important which music the soldier was listening too; I maintained a veto on Mariah Carey. I dream up my characters. In my dream they would be playing Janis Joplin's Summertime. In a way it is at type of casting, but the process is open and while filming you can find many new beautiful characters. For instance, in Forever, I randomly encountered a woman in the cemetery. We were eating apples in the tree shade, she walked by and said "bon appetit", so we caught up with her and asked her for an interview. In it, she revealed that her husband, who was twenty years younger than her, had died from a bee sting, just three years after their marriage. It was a very strong story. All I knew was that she had been visiting a tomb; my intuition told me there was a story there. I am very curious by nature; I never have a complete plan. I hate documentaries where you feel the questions are already prepared. For example the interviewee says her father is dead and then the next question you ask is: "How long have you been in Taiwan?"
In the work Crazy, you ask the interviewee to play a song, which seems to be an emotional medium to trace back through their memory. Meanwhile you continue filming them until near the end of their song. If I were filming you about your life or a memory, what would be playing?
The film would definitely be full of Bach. He is a master, a genius in joy. Wherever I go, Bach is my home in exile. Also, recently when I was frustrated and all was going wrong, I opened an old file about 10 years old. It had Madonna, George Michael, and the Rolling Stones. So now I have a cocktail of music on a file, which always brings my sprits back and makes everything better.
How do you deal with strong emotional reactions from your subjects? In Oblivion for example you persisted in questioning the shoeshine boy despite his apparent discomfort.
With the shoeshine boy, reality was giving me a slap. He had no dreams, nothing, it was blank. So in a natural way, you respect the moment, the silence, but you know you have to continue – you cannot leave the person alone with his problems. For instance with the women whose husband died, there was no second thoughts; I reacted in the most natural way possible. I said "C'est terrible" because it simply was horrible. In the end, she looked at me and I looked back. She understood that it was the end and simply left. It was a beautiful moment. When the soldiers in Crazy hear the music they love, some would eventually look at me in a way that says "Please, stop the torture" and as soon as I see that, I immediately turn off the camera. I just have to stop. Sometimes when you film, you trespass over the frontier. You see that you went too far. I'm very much aware, that when you make a documentary, you use people. So you need to respect them a lot, you can't squeeze them.
Simply Filming Yanting
An interview with Taiwanese Director Chu-chung Pan (潘巨忠), co-director of the 2010 documentary "Green's 284 Blue's 278", which was featured in the 2010 Taiwan International Documentary Festival. The film portrays the daily life of an autistic young person, and in this clip the director discusses the difficulties encountered and the rewards of filming this particular subject matter.
Improving the archives
In this audio file we interview Yael Hersonski, director of the groundbreaking new holocaust documentary A Film Unfinished. She talks a bit about her mission to look at wartime holocaust footage in an alternative way. Below is the transcript.
Free Memory!
What is the difference between our memory's reality and the reality recorded in images. How can we transform, release and liberate our memory, allowing us to view the things we remember from a different perspective?
Memory is formed by history. The blind spot of memory lies in its ability to remember only that which it wishes to remember. Even so, Edward Said once said: culture is simply memory struggling not to be forgotten. Through these documentaries, which supposedly record reality, are we able to explore and understand the depths of memory, the past that has been blinded so by our prejudice? And are we able to breed understanding and concern in the wider world and to free our memory. Furthermore it is due to the presence of a camera that we bravely decide to talk of our experiences and memories. This is another level of meaning in the theme 'free memory'. Liberating our memory, does not only concern itself with objective history external to ourselves, but is also concerned with thorough retrospection on our own life and memory. Here, festival director Angelika Wang gives her own explanation of Free Memory, the main programs in this year's festival, the state of documentary and gives a few recommendations of films to look out for:
To match the theme of "Free Memory" this festival featured a memory wall - My Photo, Our Wallpaper - where you could choose a picture that meant something to you, then be photographed holding the picture which would eventually stuck on the wall. While Angelika had put up the first photo, the opening ceremony was concluded as we all watched the proud parents of Angelika put their own picture on the wall, a tribute to the passing of memories through the generations. Perhaps by exploring this festival, you can come closer to understanding the significance and importance of documentary.
Monday, 04 October 2010 11:26
Reducing the digital divide in Taipei County
Jason Wang, Chairman of the Research, Development and Evaluation Commission for the Taipei County Government, elaborates on their policy to bridge the digital divide in their area.
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Social Changes and Challenges 變動中的華人社會
The Dancing Prince
A Portrait of Li Wei Chun (李偉淳) aka Prince Lee, a Taiwanese dancer and choregrapher who started his career as a member of the Cloud Gate dance company.
You can also visit his blog (in Chinese).
(Video edited by Pinti, subtitled by Conor)
For readers in mainland China: | {
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G20 Task Force of Finance and Health has begun work on India's global health priorities for 2023
The joint finance and health task force formed under India's G20 presidency began work on a new draft focused on New Delhi's global health priorities for the next year. The task force's first virtual meeting, conducted on Tuesday afternoon, was co-chaired by Italy and Indonesia, and was attended by health and finance representatives from G20 and invited countries, as well as international organisations.
India's priorities for the G20 presidency include health emergencies, prevention and preparedness, and response; strengthening cooperation in the pharmaceutical sector with a focus on availability and access to safe, effective, and affordable medical countermeasures; and digital health innovation and solutions to aid universal health coverage.
"The Task Force Secretariat worked with the Indian Presidency and co-chairs Italy and Indonesia to draught the work plan for 2023 and beyond, which was designed around the Indian Presidency's Global Health Priorities for 2023," according to an official statement.
According to the statement, the work plan was presented for approval during the meeting. It underlined that the Bali Leaders' Declaration 2022 extended the mission of the task force to maintain the cooperation between "Finance and Health Ministries for Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response".
The meeting enabled discussions on the mandates specified in the Bali Leaders' Declaration, said the statement. The members expressed their commitment to the task force's goal of improving global health architecture for pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response, as well as working with the secretariat and co-chairs to achieve the 2023 deliverables. | {
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} |
After a decade of serving the Hindu and Jain communities in the greater Louisville area, it's time for a fresh start for The Hindu Temple of Kentucky. After extensive renovations, this year the Indian community is celebrating with a grand re-inauguration ceremony called "MahaKumbhabishekam" on Sunday, June 12 after a week of festivities. The celebration will begin this coming Sunday, June 5 and feature daily prayers and cultural programs to commemorate the Temple and its unique contributions to the diversity of the Louisville diaspora.
The temple, located at 4213 Accomack Drive, started 1986 as prayer hall, primarily providing a place for the very small community of Indian professionals at that time, to meet, pray and sing hymns. As the Louisville Indian community grew, the congregation gained strength and the community built a traditional-style temple with authentic Indian architecture and style in 1999. The temple, which is unique in the state, has been compared to larger temples in Chicago, Pittsburgh and even India. Over the past decade, the temple has served as an educational resource of both the Hindu culture and traditional architecture and art. The members of the temple are also actively involved in several community service projects and promoting inter-faith relationships.
Mayor Greg Fischer has made a proclamation declaring June 12 as the "Temple Re-Inauguration Celebration Day," and will address the temple's community on both June 5 and June 12.
For more information, contact Mahesh Seshadri at 608-8898. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Q: Button not doing anything if clicked I'm making an Etch-a-Sketch project and when I click the black button, it works. The background color of the squares turns black when hovered. But when I click the rainbow button it doesn't work. It should change the background color of the squares to a random color when hovered.
Here's the HTML:
<button id="black" class="btn" onclick="changeColor('black')"> <span> Black</span> </button>
<button id="rainbow" class="btn" onclick="changeColor('random')"> <span> Rainbow</span></button>
Here's the JS:
let color = "black";
function getColor(){
if(true){
if(color === "random"){
let value = "0123456789ABCDEF";
var random = "#";
for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++){
color += value[Math.floor(Math.random() * 16)];
}
this.style.backgroundColor = random;
} else{
this.style.backgroundColor = color;
}
}
}
function changeColor(select){
color = select;
}
The getColor() function is called in getGrid(size) function. Like this: square.addEventListener("mouseover", getColor);
Here's the fiddle: https://jsfiddle.net/JaredDev/w2kgubLq/6/
What should I do to make the rainbow button generate a random background color to a square/pixel when hovered?
A: after you generate a random color, you store it in color which will become color = "random{some random string}" and then you assign random = "#" to this.style.backgroundColor. you need to assign the random color to random.
...
for (let i = 0; i < 6; i++){
random += value[Math.floor(Math.random() * 16)];
}
...
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
\section{Introduction}
The six vertex model is a model of tiling on subset $ \Omega $ of $ \mathbb{Z}^2 $,
with each site $ (x,y)\in\Omega $ being tiled with of the six types as depicted in Figure~\ref{tbl:S6VWeights}.
The tiling obeys the rule that each (solid) line connects to a neighboring line.
See Figure~\ref{fig:6v} for a generic realization for tiling.
In this article we focus on the stochastic weight, with $ b_1,b_2\in(0,1) $, as depicted Figure~\ref{tbl:S6VWeights},
and take the domain $ \Omega := \mathbb{Z}^2_{\geq 0} $ to be the first quadrant.
Fix boundary conditions on the axises $ \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}\times\set{0} $ and $ \set{0}\times\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0} $
that indicate whether a given site along the axises has a line entering into $ \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}^2 $.
Starting from the site $ (1,1) $, we tile the given site with one of the six vertices
with reference to the incoming (bottom and left) line configurations, and with probability given by the weights.
This tiling construction then progresses sequentially in the linear order
$
(1,1), (2,1), (1,2), (3,1), (2,2), (1,3), \ldots
$
to the entire quadrant.
For a given tiling there associates a height function, $ H(x,y) $.
This is a $ \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0} $-valued function defined on $ (x,y)\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}^2 $,
so that, once interpreting a given tiling as non-intersecting lines,
the level set of $ H(x,y) $, $ x,y\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0} $ are exactly these non-intersecting lines,
with the convention $ H(0,0):= 0 $.
See Figure~\ref{fig:6v}.
\begin{figure}[ht]
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
$I$ & $II$ & $III$ & $IV$ & $V$ & $VI$ \\
\hline
\includegraphics[width=35pt]{vertex0000}
&
\includegraphics[width=35pt]{vertex1111}
&
\includegraphics[width=35pt]{vertex0101}
&
\includegraphics[width=35pt]{vertex1010}
&
\includegraphics[width=35pt]{vertex0110}
&
\includegraphics[width=35pt]{vertex1001}
\\
\hline
$1$ & $1$ & $b_1$ & $b_2$ & $1-b_1$ & $1-b_2 $
\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Six vertices with their weights.}
\label{tbl:S6VWeights}
\end{figure}
Initiated in \cite{GS92}, the \ac{S6V} model has caught much attention.
Being a special case of the special case the six vertex model,
it describes phenomena in equilibrium statistical mechanics.
On the other hand, the \ac{S6V} model also connects to nonequilibrium growth phenomena within the \ac{KPZ} universality class.
In particular, \cite{BCG2016} proved that, starting with step initial condition,
the height fluctuation converges at one-point to GUE Tracy--Widom distribution.
One point convergence under different initial condition (including the stationary case)
was obtained in \cite{AB16,A16aa},
and \cite{BBCW} studied a half-space version of the \ac{S6V} model
and demonstrated that its one-point asymptotics match the prediction from other models in the \ac{KPZ} class.
In a related but slightly different direction,
there has been study where one tunes the weights simultaneously with spacetime scaling
in order to observe \ac{SPDE} limit.
In, \cite{BO16} it is showed that under a certain tuning of the weights,
one point distribution of the \ac{S6V} model converges to that of the \ac{KPZ} equation.
For a higher-spin generalization of the \ac{S6V} model (see \cite{Corwin2016,BP16a}),
\cite{CT15} obtained a microscopic Hopf--Cole transform, and showed convergence to \ac{KPZ} equation at process level.
For \ac{S6V} under the scaling $ b_1/b_2\to1 $, $ b_1,b_2\to b\in(0,1) $,
the convergence to \ac{KPZ} equation was obtain in \cite{CGST18} via a Markov duality method.
\begin{figure}[h]
\includegraphics[width=.6\linewidth]{6v}
\caption{The height function.}
\label{fig:6v}
\end{figure}
Recently, Borodin and Gorin \cite{borodin18} proposed a new scaling: with $ L\to\infty $ being the scaling parameter,
\begin{align}
\label{eq:scaling}
b_1=\exp\left(-\tfrac{\beta_1}{L}\right), \quad b_2=\exp\left(-\tfrac{\beta_2}{L}\right),
\end{align}
and scale space by $ L $: $ x,y \mapsto L^{-1}x, L^{-1}y $,
where $ \beta_1,\beta_2\in(0,\infty) $, $ \beta_1\ne \beta_2 $, and fixed.
They showed that, under this scaling, the exponential height function converges to the \ac{TE}.
To state this result precisely, let us prepare some notation.
Set $ q:=b_1/b_2 $, $\mathfrak{q} := e^{\beta_1-\beta_2} $ and consider
\begin{align}
\label{eq:def-phi}
\phi (x,y) := q^{H(x,y)}= {\mathfrak{q}}^{\frac{1}{L} H(x,y)}= e^{\frac{\beta_1-\beta_2}{L} H(x,y)}.
\end{align}
For given Lipschitz functions $ \chi,\psi:[0,\infty)\to\mathbb{R} $
with $ \chi(0)=\psi(0) $, it is known (\cite[Proposition~4.1,Theorem~4.4]{borodin18}) that the \ac{TE}
\begin{align}
\label{eq:te}
\partial_{xy} \Phi+\beta_2\partial_x \Phi +\beta_1 \partial_y \Phi=0,
\ x, y > 0,
\quad
\Phi(x,0)=\chi(x),\quad \Phi(0,y)=\psi(y).
\end{align}
admits a unique solution.
More explicitly, consider the Riemann function \cite[Eq.~(39)]{borodin18}
\begin{align}
\label{eq:Rei}
\mathcal{R}(x,y)=\frac{1}{2\pi \mathbf{i}} \oint_{\mathcal{C}} \exp\left[
(\beta_1-\beta_2) \left(-x \frac{z}{z+ \beta_2} + y \frac{z}{z+\beta_1}\right)
\right] \frac{(\beta_2-\beta_1)\, dz}{(z+\beta_1)(z+\beta_2)},
\end{align}
where the integration goes in positive direction and encircles $ -\beta_1 $, but not $ -\beta_2 $.
The solution $ \Phi $ of~\eqref{eq:te} is given by
\begin{align}
\label{eq:Phi:mild}
\Phi(x,y)
=\psi(0) \mathcal{R}(x,y)+\int_0^y \mathcal{R}(x,y-y') \big(\psi'(y') + \beta_2 \psi(y') \big) dy'
+\int_0^x \mathcal{R}(x-x',y) \big(\chi'(x')+\beta_1\chi(x')\big) dx' .
\end{align}
\begin{defn}
\label{defn:scale}
For given $ f:\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}\to\mathbb{R} $ and $ g\in\mathbb{Z}^2_{\geq 0}\to\mathbb{R} $,
let $ f_L(x) := f(Lx) $ and $ g_L(x,y) := g(Lx,Ly) $ denote the corresponding scaled functions,
and linearly interpolate to be functions on $ \mathbb{R}_+ $ and $ \mathbb{R}_+^2 $.
Linear interpolation from $ \frac{1}{L}\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0} $ to $ \mathbb{R} $ is indeed unique.
To linearly interpolate from $ (\frac{1}{L}\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0})^2 $ to $ \mathbb{R}^2 $, we fix a diagonal direction, say northeast-southwest,
and cut each square $ [i,i+1]\times[j,j+1] $, $ i,j\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0} $, on the integer lattice into two triangles, diagonally along the prescribed direction.
This gives a triangulation on $ \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}^2 $ and hence on $ (\frac{1}{L}\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0})^2 $, from which we construct a unique linear interpolation.
\end{defn}
\begin{thm}[{\cite[Theorem~5.1]{borodin18}}]
\label{thm:lln}
Fix Lipschitz functions $ \chi,\psi:[0,\infty)\to\mathbb{R} $,
and let $ \Phi $ be the unique solution of the telegraph equation~\eqref{eq:te} with boundary conditions $ \chi,\psi $,
given by~\eqref{eq:Phi:mild}.
If, as $ L\to\infty $, we have
\begin{align*}
\sup_{x\in[0,a]}|\phi_L(\Cdot,x)-\chi(x)| \to 0
\quad
\text{and}
\quad
\sup_{x\in[0,a]}|\phi_L(0,\Cdot) - \psi(x)| \to 0
,
\end{align*}
fo reach $ a<\infty $, then, as $L\to \infty$,
\begin{align*}
\sup_{(x,y)\in[0,a]^2} \big| \phi_L(x,y) - \Phi(x,y) \big|
\longrightarrow_\text{P} 0,
\quad
\sup_{(x,y)\in[0,a]^2} \big| \tfrac1L H_L(x,y) - \mathbf h(x,y) \big|
\longrightarrow_\text{P} 0,
\end{align*}
for each $ a<\infty $, where $\mathbf h:=\log_\mathfrak{q} \Phi$.
\end{thm}
As noted in \cite[Remark~5.3]{borodin18},
rewriting the equation~\eqref{eq:te} in terms of $ \mathbf h $-derivatives, and sending $ \mathfrak{q}\to 0 $,
one obtains a nonlinear PDE that was observed in \cite{BCG2016,ResSri16b}
in the $ L\to\infty $ scaling limit but with $ b_1,b_2 $ fixed.
Such a nonlinear PDE corresponds to inviscid/hyperbolic scaling limit in the context of hydrodynamic limits.
This is in contrast with the aforementioned \ac{SPDE}-limit results,
where the underlying hydrodynamic limits sit in the viscous/hyperbolic regime.
Given such an intriguing feature,
\cite{borodin18} further investigated the random fluctuations of $ \phi $ and $ H $ around their respective means.
Our work here follows this study of random fluctuations.
Let $ u(x,y) := \phi(x,y)-\Ex[\phi(x,y)] $.
Let $ U(x,y) $, denote a centered Gaussian field on $ \mathbb{R}_+ $, with covariance
\begin{align*}
\Ex [U(x,y)U(x',y')]
=
\int_{0}^{x\wedge x'} \int_{0}^{y\wedge y'}
\mathcal{R}(x-\bar x, y-\bar y) \ \mathcal{R}(x'-\bar x,y'-\bar y)
\
\D(\bar x, \bar y) \ d\bar x d\bar y,
\end{align*}
where
\begin{align}
\label{eq:D}
\D(x,y) :=
(\beta_1+\beta_2) \partial_{ x} \Phi \cdot \partial_{ y}\Phi
+ \beta_2 (\beta_2 -\beta_1) \partial_{ x} \Phi \cdot \Phi
- \beta_1 (\beta_2 -\beta_1) \Phi\cdot\partial_{ y} \Phi.
\end{align}
The following is our main result.
\begin{thm}
\label{thm:main}
Under the same assumptions as in Theorem~\ref{thm:lln}, as $ L\to\infty $,
\begin{align*}
\sqrt{L} u_L \to U
\text{ in finite dimensional distributions}.
\end{align*}
\end{thm}
\begin{cor}
\label{cor:main}
Under the same assumptions as in Theorem~\ref{thm:lln},
\begin{align*}
\tfrac{1}{\sqrt{L}}\big( H(Lx,Ly) - \Ex[H(Lx,Ly)] \big)
\to \tilde U(x,y)
:=
\frac{U(x,y)}{(\beta_1-\beta_2) \Phi(x,y)}
\text{ in finite dimensional distributions}.
\end{align*}
\end{cor}
\begin{rmk}
It is readily checked that
\begin{align*}
U(x,y)
\stackrel{\text{law}}{=}
\int_{0}^{x} \int_{0}^{y} \mathcal{R}(x-x',y-y')\xi(x',y') \sqrt{D(x',y')} dx'dy',
\end{align*}
where $ \xi(x,y) $ denotes the Gaussian white noise on $ \mathbb{R}_+^2 $.
Given such stochastic integral representation, we can also view $ U $
as the solution of the \ac{STE} with zero boundary condition, i.e.,
\begin{align}
\label{eq:ste}
\partial_{xy} U+\beta_2\partial_x U+\beta_1 \partial_y U = \sqrt{D}\xi,
\quad
x, y \geq 0,
\quad
U(x,0)=U(0,y)=0.
\end{align}
Alternatively,
substitute $ U=(\beta_1-\beta_2) \Phi \tilde{U} $ in~\eqref{eq:ste} and using~\eqref{eq:te},
we have the equation for $ \tilde{U} $:
\begin{align} \label{e:tildeUeq}
\partial_{xy}\tilde{U}+\beta_1 \partial_{y}\tilde{U}
+ \beta_2 \partial_{x}\tilde{U}
+(\beta_1-\beta_2) ( \partial_{y}\tilde{U} \partial_{x}\mathbf h + \partial_{x}\tilde{U} \partial_{y}\mathbf h)
= \xi \cdot \sqrt{
(\beta_1+\beta_2)
\partial_{x}\mathbf h \partial_{y}\mathbf h
- \beta_2 \, \partial_{x}\mathbf h
+ \beta_1\, \partial_{y}\mathbf h} .
\end{align}
\end{rmk}
Corollary~\ref{cor:main} was conjectured in \cite[Conjecture 6.1]{borodin18},
based on observations through a four point relation, and (separately) through a variational principle and contour integrals.
For the low density regime (see \cite[Section~7]{borodin18} for the precise meaning),
the analog of Corollary~\ref{cor:main} was established in \cite[Theorem~7.1]{borodin18}.
The main step toward proving such Gaussian limits is to show convergence of the variance.
Referring to~\eqref{eq:D}, we see that the variance involves $ \Phi $ and its gradients:
one term is quadratic in gradients, and the other terms are linear in gradients.
In the low density regime, the quadratic-gradient term vanishes in the limit $ L\to\infty $,
and, through integration by parts,
\cite{borodin18} reduced convergence of the linear-gradient terms to convergence of $ \phi $
(i.e., the law of large numbers result in Theorem~\ref{thm:lln}),
whereby showing the convergence of $ u $.
For the general case (i.e., non-low-density) considered here,
one needs to address the convergence of the quadratic-gradient term.
The main tool we use here is the discrete, integrated form~\cite[Eq~(85)]{borodin18} of the \ac{STE}.
From this equation we develop expressions of discrete gradients of $ \phi $.
These expressions permit calculations of moments of the terms in question,
and from this we obtain decorrelation through contracting the discrete analog of $ \xi $.
\subsection*{Acknowledgements}
The authors thank Ivan Corwin for helpful discussions.
This work is initiated in the conference \textit{Integrable Probability Boston 2018}, in May 14-18, 2018 at MIT,
which is supported by the NSF through DMS-1664531, DMS-1664617, DMS-1664619, DMS-1664650.
Hao Shen is partially supported by the NSF through DMS:1712684.
Li-Cheng Tsai is partially supported by the NSF through DMS-1712575 and the Simons Foundation through a Junior Fellowship.
\section{Preliminary}
\label{sec:prelim}
In this section we prepare a few tools for subsequent analysis.
Recall from \cite[Eq.~(45)]{borodin18} the discrete Riemann function
\begin{align}
\label{eq_Discrete_R}
\mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,y)=\frac{1}{2\pi \mathbf{i}} \oint_{-\frac{1}{b_2(1-b_1)}} \left(\frac{1+ b_1(1-b_1)z}{1+ b_2(1-b_1) z}
\right)^{x} \left( \frac{1+b_2 (1-b_2)z}{1+b_1(1-b_2)z} \right)^{y}
\frac{ (b_2-b_1)\, dz}{(1+ b_2(1-b_1) z)(1+ b_1(1-b_2) z)},
\end{align}
where the integration goes in positive direction and encircles $-\frac{1}{b_2(1-b_1)}$, but not $-\frac{1}{b_1(1-b_2)}$.
We will also be using the notation $ \rieI(x,y) := \mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,y) \ind_\set{x\geq0} \ind_\set{y\geq 0} $.
Recall from \cite[Eq~(85)]{borodin18} the following integrated representation of $ \phi $,
\begin{align}
\begin{split}
\label{eq:phi}
\phi&(x,y)
=
\phi(0,0) \mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,y)
+
\sum_{y'\in\mathbb{Z}_{> 0}} \rieI(x,y-y') \big(\phi(0,y')-b_2 \phi(0,y'-1)\big)
\\
&+
\sum_{x'\in\mathbb{Z}_{> 0}} \rieI(x-x',y) \big(\phi(x',0)-b_1 \phi(x'-1,0)\big)
+\sum_{x',y'\in\mathbb{Z}_{> 0}} \rieI(x-x',y-y') \xi^\text{d}(x',y').
\end{split}
\end{align}
Here, $ \xi^\text{d}(x,y) $ is a process on $ \mathbb{Z}^2_{> 0} $ that plays the role of $ \xi $ (spacetime white noise) in the discrete setting.
In particular, with $ \nabla_x f(x) := f(x+1)-f(x) $ denoting the forward discrete gradient acting on a designated variable $ x $,
recall from \cite[Theorem~3.1]{borodin18} that
\begin{align}
\label{eq:condE-xi}
&\Ex\big[ \xi^\text{d}(x+1,y+1) \mid
H(u,v), u\le x \text{ or } v\le y \big]=0,
\\
\begin{split}
\label{eq:condVar-xi}
&\Ex \big[ {\xi^\text{d}} (x+1,y+1)^2 \mid H(u,v), u\le x \text{ or } v\le y \big]=
\big(b_2(1-b_1)+b_1(1-b_2)\big) \nabla_x \phi (x,y)\nabla_y \phi(x,y)\\
&\quad\quad+ b_1(1-b_2)(1-q) \phi(x,y)\nabla_x \phi(x,y)
- b_1(1-b_1)(1-q) \phi(x,y) \nabla_y \phi(x,y).
\end{split}
\end{align}
Set $ \bar{\phi}(x,y) := \Ex[\phi(x,y)] $.
Indeed, since, on the r.h.s.\ of~\eqref{eq:phi}, only the last term is random, we have
\begin{align}
\label{eq:u}
u(x,y)
&:=
\phi(x,y) - \Ex[\phi(x,y)]
=
\sum_{x',y'\in\mathbb{Z}_{> 0}} \rieI(x-x',y-y') \xi^\text{d}(x',y'),
\\
\label{eq:barphi}
\begin{split}
\bar{\phi}(x,y)
&=
\phi(0,0) \mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,y)
+
\sum_{y'\in\mathbb{Z}_{> 0}} \rieI(x,y-y') \big(\phi(0,y')-b_2 \phi(0,y'-1)\big)
\\
&
\hphantom{=\phi(0,0) \mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,y)}
+
\sum_{x'\in\mathbb{Z}_{> 0}} \rieI(x-x',y) \big(\phi(x',0)-b_1 \phi(x'-1,0)\big).
\end{split}
\end{align}
Hereafter, we use $ c(a,b,\ldots)<\infty $ to denote a generic finite constant
that may change from line to line, but depends only on the designated variables $ a,b,\ldots $.
The parameter $ \beta_1\neq \beta_2 $ are considered fixed, so their dependence will be omitted.
\begin{lem} \label{lem:bound-R}
For any $k=(k_1,k_2)\in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}^2$ we write $|k|=k_1+k_2$,
and $\partial^k=\partial_x^{k_1}\partial_y^{k_2}$
and $\nabla^k =\nabla_x^{k_1} \nabla_y^{k_2}$.
Given any $m\in \mathbb{Z}_{>0}$ and $ a<\infty $,
\begin{align}
\label{eq:Riebdd}
&\sum_{0\le |k| \le m} |\partial^k \mathcal{R}(x,y) | \le c(a,m),
\quad
\forall (x,y) \in[0,a]^2,
\\
\label{eq:riebdd}
& \sum_{0\le |k| \le m} |L^k \nabla^k \mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,y) | \le c(a,m),
\quad
\forall
(x,y) \in([0,aL]\cap\mathbb{Z})^2,
\\
\label{eq:rietoRie}
&
\lim_{L\to \infty}\sup_{(x,y)\in ([0,aL]\cap\mathbb{Z})^2} \sum_{0\le |k| \le m}
|\partial^k \mathcal{R}(\tfrac{x}{L},\tfrac{y}{L}) -L^k \nabla^k \mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,y)| =0.
\end{align}
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
Consider the formula \eqref{eq:Rei} for $\mathcal{R}$,
and \emph{fix} a contour $ \mathcal{C} $ as described therein.
This is a closed curve of finite length, and along the contour $ z\in\mathcal C $ are bounded in absolute value, i.e., $ |z|\leq c $.
Each of the factors in the integrand is bounded over $[0,a]^2$ uniformly in $ z\in \mathcal C $.
Moreover, each $\partial_x$ brings down a factor
$- \frac{(\beta_1-\beta_2) z}{z+ \beta_2}$
and each $\partial_y$ brings down a factor
$\frac{(\beta_1-\beta_2) z}{z+ \beta_1}$;
these are all bounded uniformly in $z\in \mathcal C$.
From these discussions we conclude~\eqref{eq:Riebdd}.
Noting that~\eqref{eq:riebdd} follows from~\eqref{eq:Riebdd} and~\eqref{eq:rietoRie},
we now move on to proving~\eqref{eq:rietoRie}.
Apply changes of variables to \eqref{eq_Discrete_R}:
$z=L\tilde z/(\beta_1\beta_2)$, $x=L\tilde x$, $y=L \tilde y$.
Then
\begin{align}
\label{eq:riechange}
\begin{split}
\mathcal{R}^\text{d}(\tilde{x},\tilde{y})
=
\frac{1}{2\pi \mathbf{i}}
\oint_{-\frac{\beta_1\beta_2}{L b_2(1-b_1)}}
&\left(\frac{\beta_1\beta_2+ L b_1(1-b_1) \tilde z}{\beta_1\beta_2+ L b_2(1-b_1) \tilde z}
\right)^{L\tilde x}
\left( \frac{\beta_1\beta_2+L b_2 (1-b_2)\tilde z}{\beta_1\beta_2+L b_1(1-b_2)\tilde z} \right)^{L\tilde y}
\\
&
\cdot\,\frac{ L\beta_1\beta_2(b_2-b_1)\, d\tilde z}{(\beta_1\beta_2+ L b_2(1-b_1) \tilde z)(\beta_1\beta_2+ L b_1(1-b_2) \tilde z)},
\end{split}
\end{align}
where the integration goes in positive
direction and encircles $-\frac{\beta_1\beta_2}{L b_2(1-b_1)}$
but not $-\frac{\beta_1\beta_2}{Lb_1(1-b_2)}$.
Indeed, as $ L\to\infty $,
$ -\frac{\beta_1\beta_2}{L b_2(1-b_1)} \to -\beta_2 $ and $ -\frac{\beta_1\beta_2}{Lb_1(1-b_2)}\to-\beta_1 $.
This being the case, we fix a contour $\mathcal C'$ (\emph{independently} of $ L $)
that goes in the positive direction encircling $ -\beta_2 $ but not $ -\beta_1 $.
It is readily checked that, \emph{uniformly} over $ \tilde{z}\in\mathcal{C}' $ and $ \tilde{x},\tilde{y}\in [0,a] $, as $ L\to\infty $,
\begin{align*}
\left(\frac{\beta_1\beta_2+ L b_1(1-b_1) \tilde z}{\beta_1\beta_2+ L b_2(1-b_1) \tilde z} \right)^{L\tilde x}
&\longrightarrow
\exp\Big( (\beta_1-\beta_2) \Big(-\tilde{x} \frac{\tilde{z}}{\tilde{z}+ \beta_2} \Big) \Big),
\\
\left( \frac{\beta_1\beta_2+L b_2 (1-b_2)\tilde z}{\beta_1\beta_2+L b_1(1-b_2)\tilde z} \right)^{L\tilde y}
&\longrightarrow
\exp\Big( (\beta_1-\beta_2) \Big(-\tilde{y} \frac{\tilde{z}}{\tilde{z}+ \beta_1} \Big) \Big),
%
\\
\frac{ L\beta_1\beta_2(b_2-b_1)}{(\beta_1\beta_2+ L b_2(1-b_1))(\beta_1\beta_2+ L b_1(1-b_2) \tilde z)}
&\longrightarrow
-\frac{(\beta_2-\beta_1)}{(\tilde{z}+\beta_1)(\tilde{z}+\beta_2)}.
\end{align*}
Using this in~\eqref{eq:riechange} gives, \emph{uniformly} over $ \tilde{x},\tilde{y}\in [0,a] $ as $ L\to\infty $,
\begin{align}
\label{eq:riechange:}
\begin{split}
\mathcal{R}^\text{d}(\tilde{x},\tilde{y})
\longrightarrow
-\frac{1}{2\pi \mathbf{i}}
\oint_{\mathcal{C}'}
\exp\Big( (\beta_1-\beta_2) \Big(-\tilde{x} \frac{\tilde{z}}{\tilde{z}+ \beta_2}+\tilde{y} \frac{\tilde{z}}{\tilde{z}+ \beta_1} \Big) \Big)
\frac{(\beta_2-\beta_1)\,d\tilde{z}}{(\tilde{z}+\beta_1)(\tilde{z}+\beta_2)}.
\end{split}
\end{align}
Note that, compared to~\eqref{eq:Rei},
the r.h.s.\ of~\eqref{eq:riechange:} has a different contour $ \mathcal{C}' $, and an outstanding negative sign.
However, as noted in \cite{borodin18} (see comments after Equation~(39) therein),
the integrand in \eqref{eq:Rei} and \eqref{eq:riechange:} has no pole at $ |\tilde{z}|=\infty $,
so the contour $ \mathcal{C}' $ can be deformed to $ -\mathcal{C} $ (the orientation changes after deformation),
matching the r.h.s.\ of~\eqref{eq:riechange:} to \eqref{eq:Rei}.
This proves \eqref{eq:rietoRie} for $ |k|=0 $.
As for $ |k|>0 $,
note that each $L\nabla_x$ applied to \eqref{eq_Discrete_R} brings a factor $ \frac{L(b_1-b_2)(1-b_1)z}{1+b_2(1-b_1)z} $,
and each $ L\nabla_y $ brings a factor $ \frac{L(b_2-b_1)(1-b_2)z}{1+b_1(1-b_2)z} $.
These factors converges uniformly over $ \tilde{z}\in\mathcal{C}' $ to
$ \frac{(\beta_1-\beta_2) \tilde z}{\tilde z+ \beta_2} $ and $ \frac{(\beta_1-\beta_2) \tilde z}{\tilde z+ \beta_1 } $, respectively.
Hence~\eqref{eq:rietoRie} follows.
\end{proof}
\begin{lem} \label{lem:apribd}
Given $ a<\infty $, we have, for all $(x,y)\in ([0,aL]\cap \mathbb{Z})^2$,
\begin{align}
\label{eq:phi:apribd}
|\phi(x,& y)| + |L\nabla_x\phi(x,y)| + |L\nabla_y\phi(x,y)|
\le c(a)
\\
\label{eq:barphi:apribd}
|\bar{\phi}(x,& y)| + |L\nabla_x\bar{\phi}(x,y)| + |L\nabla_y\bar{\phi}(x,y)|
\le c(a),
\\
\label{eq:barphi:cnvg}
\sup_{(x,y)\in[0,a]^2}
&| \bar{\phi}_L(x,y)-\Phi(x,y) | \longrightarrow 0,
\quad
\text{as } L\to\infty.
\end{align}
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
Given Lemma~\ref{lem:bound-R}, \eqref{eq:barphi:apribd}--\eqref{eq:barphi:cnvg} are readily verified from~\eqref{eq:barphi}.
As for~\eqref{eq:phi:apribd}, recall that $ \mathfrak{q}:=e^{\beta_1-\beta_2} $ is fixed.
Indeed, since $ H(0,0):=0 $ by definition,
and $ \nabla_xH(x,y)\in\{0,1\} $ and $ \nabla_yH(x,y)\in\{0,1\} $, we have
$ \phi(x,y) := \mathfrak{q}^{\frac{1}{L}H(x,y)} \leq \mathfrak{q}^{\frac{2La}{L}} =c(a),$
and
$ |L\nabla_\beta\phi(x,y)| = |L(\mathfrak{q}^{\frac{1}{L}\nabla_aH(x,y)}-1)\phi(x,y)| \leq c(a),$
for
$ \beta=x,y $.
\end{proof}
\begin{lem} \label{lem:cond-mom-xi}
For any $ k\in\mathbb{Z}_{> 0} $,
\begin{align}
\label{eq:dnoise:mom}
\Ex\big[ \, |\xi^\text{d}(x+1,y+1)|^k \, & \big| \, H(x',y'), x'\le x \text{ or } y'\le y \big] \le c(k) L^{-k-1},
\\
\label{eq:dnoise:uniform}
&|\xi^\text{d}(x+1,y+1)| \leq cL^{-1},
\end{align}
for all $(x,y)\in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}^2 $, $ L\geq 1 $.
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
First, conditioning $ H(x',y'), x'\le x \text{ or } y'\le y $ for $ \xi^\text{d}(x+1,y+1) $
amounts to conditioning on incoming line configuration into the site $ (x+1,y+1) $.
There are four cases pertaining to such conditions,
and in each case $\xi^\text{d}(x+1,y+1) $ is computed in \cite[Proof of Theorem~3.1]{borodin18},
using the `four point relation' derived therein.
We record the results of their computation here, and examine
the asymptotics in $L$ of the values of $\xi^\text{d}$ and their probabilities in each case.
In the following vertices of type $ I $--$ VI $ refers to those depicted in Figure~\ref{tbl:S6VWeights}.
\begin{enumerate}
\item
No line enters into the vertex $(x+1,y+1)$ from below or from the left:
In this case the vertex is of type $I$, whereby
$
\xi^\text{d}(x+1,y+1)=0.
$
\item
Two lines enter into the vertex $(x+1,y+1)$, one from below and one from the left:
In this case the vertex is of type $II$, whereby
$
\xi^\text{d}(x+1,y+1)=0.
$
\item
One line enters into the vertex $(x+1,y+1)$ from below, but no line enters from the left:
In this case the vertex is of type $IV$ with probability $b_2$ and
\[
|\xi^\text{d}(x+1,y+1)|= |q^h (q^{-1}-b_1)(1-q)| \le c L^{-2};
\]
or of type $VI$ with probability $1-b_2 \le c L^{-1}$ and
\[
|\xi^\text{d}(x+1,y+1)|= |q^h b_1 (q-1)| \le c L^{-1} .
\]
\item
One line enters into the vertex $(x+1,y+1)$ from the left, but no line enters from below:
In this case the vertex is of type $III$ with probability $b_1$ and
\[
|\xi^\text{d}(x+1,y+1)|=|q^h(1-b_1)(q-1)|\le cL^{-2};
\]
or of type $V$ with probability $1-b_1 \le c L^{-1}$ and
\[
| \xi^\text{d}(x+1,y+1)|=|q^h b_1(1-q)| \le cL^{-1}.
\]
\end{enumerate}
The conditional moments bound \eqref{eq:dnoise:mom}
and the uniform bound \eqref{eq:dnoise:uniform} readily follow from the preceding discussion.
\end{proof}
\section{Proof of Theorem~\ref{thm:main} and Corollary~\ref{cor:main}}
\label{sec:pfmain}
\subsection{Proof of Theorem~\ref{thm:main}}
Write $ \Rightarrow $ for convergence in distribution.
Hereafter throughout the article, we fix $ (\mathbf{x}_1,\mathbf{y}_1),\ldots, (\mathbf{x}_n,\mathbf{y}_n) \in \mathbb{R}_+^2 $.
Our goal is to prove
$
(\sqrt{L}u(L\mathbf{x}_i,L\mathbf{y}_i))_{i=1}^n \Rightarrow (U(\mathbf{x}_i,\mathbf{y}_i))_{i=1}^n.
$
To simplify notation, we work under the consent that whenever the arguments of $ u $ are not integers,
they are being taken integer parts, e.g., $ u(L\mathbf{x}_i,L\mathbf{y}_i):= u(\lfloor L\mathbf{x}_i\rfloor,\lfloor L\mathbf{y}_i\rfloor) $.
Similar convention is adopted without explicitly stated for processes over integers.
Given the expression~\eqref{eq:u} of $ u $,
we proceed via martingale \ac{CLT}, (as in \cite{borodin18} for the low density regime).
To this end we linearly order points on $ \mathbb{Z}^2_{>0} $ as
\begin{align}
\label{eq:linord}
(x(1),y(1)):=(1,1),\quad
(x(2),y(2)):=(2,1),\quad
(x(3),y(3)):=(1,2),\quad
(x(4),y(4)):=(3,1),\quad \cdots
\end{align}
Consider the discrete time process $ M(t)\in\mathbb{R}^d $, $ t=1,2,\ldots $,
\begin{align}
\label{eq:M}
M(t):=(M_i(t))_{i=1}^n,
\quad
M_i (t)
:=
\sum_{s=1}^t \sqrt{L} \rieI(L \mathbf{x}_i - x(s),L\mathbf{y}_i - y(s)) \, \xi^\text{d}(x(s),y(s)).
\end{align}
It follows from~\eqref{eq:condE-xi} that $ M(t) $ is a martingale.
Recall that, by definition, $ \rieI(x,y) $ carries indicator functions forcing $ x,y\geq 0 $.
Hence, for some large enough $ c_*<\infty $,
\begin{align}
\label{eq:c*}
M(c_*L^2)=M(c_*L^2+1)=\ldots=M(\infty)
= (\sqrt{L} u(L\mathbf{x}_i,L \mathbf{y}_i))_{i=1}^n.
\end{align}
Let $\filtM(t) := \sigma(M(1),\ldots,M(t)) $ denote the canonical filtration of $ M(t) $,
and recall that cross variance of $ M $ is defined as
\begin{align}
\label{eq:qv:}
\langle M_i,M_j\rangle (t)
&:= \sum_{s=1}^t \Ex \big[ (M_i(s)-M_i(s-1))(M_j(s)-M_j(s-1)) \big| \filtM(s-1)\big].
\end{align}
Put $ \RieI(x,y) := \mathcal{R}(x,y)\ind_\set{x\geq 0}\ind_\set{y\geq 0} $,
and recall the definition of $ \D(x,y) $ from~\eqref{eq:D}. We set
\begin{align}
\label{eq:QV}
\QV_{ij}
:=
\int_{\mathbb{R}_+^2} \RieI_{ij}(x,y)\, D(x,y) dxdy,
\quad
\RieI_{ij}(x,y) := \RieI(\mathbf{x}_i-x,\mathbf{y}_i-y)\RieI(\mathbf{x}_j-x,\mathbf{y}_j-y).
\end{align}
The martingale \ac{CLT} from \cite{hall2014} applied to $ M(t) $ gives
\begin{thm}[{\cite[Corollary~3.1]{hall2014}}]
\label{thm:mgCLT}
If, for any $ i,j=1,\ldots,n $ and $ \varepsilon>0 $,
\begin{align}
\tag{\text{Lind}}
\label{eq:lindCnd}
&
\sum_{s=1}^{L^2c_*} \Ex\big[ (M_i(s)-M_i(s-1))^2 \ind_\set{|M_i(s)-M_i(s-1)|>\varepsilon} \big]
\longrightarrow 0,
\\
\tag{\text{QV}}
\label{eq:qvCnd}
&\langle M_i,M_j\rangle (L^2c_*) \Longrightarrow_\text{P}
\QV_{ij},
\end{align}
then
\begin{align*}
M(c_*L^2) \Longrightarrow (U(\mathbf{x}_i,\mathbf{y}_i))_{i=1}^n.
\end{align*}
\end{thm}
\begin{rmk}
Note that, even though~\cite[Corollary~3.1]{hall2014} is stated for $ \mathbb{R} $-valued martingale,
generalization to $ \mathbb{R}^n $-value is standard, by projection $ M(t)\in\mathbb{R}^n $ onto arbitrarily fixed $ v\in\mathbb{R}^n $.
\end{rmk}
Given Theorem~\ref{thm:mgCLT}, it suffices to check the conditions~\eqref{eq:lindCnd}--\eqref{eq:qvCnd}.
The former follows at once from the fact that $ |\xi^\text{d}(x,y)| \leq cL^{-1} $ (from Lemma~\ref{lem:cond-mom-xi}),
which makes the indicator functions in~\eqref{eq:lindCnd} zero for all large enough $ L $.
We hence devote the rest of the article to proving~\eqref{eq:qvCnd}.
From \eqref{eq:condVar-xi} we calculate the cross variance (defined in~\eqref{eq:qv:}) as
\begin{align}
\langle M_i,M_j\rangle (c_*L^2)
&= L^{-2}\sum_{s=1}^{c_*L^2}
\rieI_{ij}(x(s),y(s)) \, \Dd(x(s),y(s);\phi),
\label{eq:qv}
\end{align}
where
\begin{align}
\label{eq:rieIij}
\rieI_{ij}(x,y)
&:=
\rieI(L \mathbf{x}_i - x,L\mathbf{y}_i - y) \rieI(L \mathbf{x}_j - x,L\mathbf{y}_j - y)
\\
\label{eq:Dd}
\Dd(x,y;\phi)
&:=
\gamma_{xy} \cdot
L \nabla_x \phi (x,y) \cdot L \nabla_y \phi(x,y)
+\gamma_{x}\cdot \phi(x,y) \cdot L\nabla_x \phi(x,y)
+ \gamma_{y}\cdot \phi(x,y) \cdot L\nabla_y \phi(x,y),
\\
\label{eq:gamma}
\gamma_{xy}
&:= L(b_2(1-b_1)+b_1(1-b_2)),
\
\gamma_{x}:=
L^2(b_1(1-b_2)(1-q)),
\
\gamma_{y}:=
- L^2(b_1(1-b_1)(1-q)).
\end{align}
Recall that $ \bar{\phi}(x,y) := \Ex[\phi(x,y)] $.
Compare~\eqref{eq:QV} and \eqref{eq:qv}--\eqref{eq:Dd}.
The main step toward proving~\eqref{eq:qvCnd} is to show that, in~\eqref{eq:Dd},
we can approximate $ \phi $, $ L\nabla_x\phi $, and $ L\nabla_y\phi $
by their continuum counterparts $ \Phi $, $ \partial_x\Phi $, and $ \partial_y\Phi $,
in a suitable sense under the limit $ L\to\infty $.
With this in mind, we decompose $ \langle M_i, M_j \rangle(L^2c_*)-\QV_{ij} = S_1+S_2 $, where
\begin{align}
\label{eq:S1}
S_1
&:=
L^{-2}\sum_{s=1}^{c_*L^2}
\rieI_{ij}(x(s),y(s)) \, \Dd(x(s),y(s);\bar{\phi})
-
\QV_{ij},
\\
\label{eq:S2}
S_2
&:=
L^{-2}\sum_{s=1}^{c_*L^2}
\rieI_{ij}(x(s),y(s)) \, \big( \Dd(x(s),y(s);\phi) - \Dd(x(s),y(s);\bar{\phi}) \big).
\end{align}
Here, $ S_2 $ records the difference of replacing $ \phi $, $ L\nabla_x\phi $, and $ L\nabla_y\phi $
with their respective expectations $ \bar{\phi} $, $ L\nabla_x\bar{\phi} $, and $ L\nabla_y\bar{\phi} $;
while $ S_1 $ accounts for the difference between $ \bar{\phi} $, $ L\nabla_x\bar{\phi} $, and $ L\nabla_y\bar{\phi} $
with their corresponding terms in continuum $ \Phi $, $ \partial_x\Phi $, and $ \partial_y\Phi $.
In particular, note that $ S_1 $ is deterministic.
We will show separately that $ S_1\to 0 $ and $ S_2\to_\text{P} 0 $:
\begin{prop}
\label{prop:qv}
For fixed $ i,j\in\{1,\ldots,n\} $, with $ S_1 $ and $ S_2 $ defined in~\eqref{eq:S1}--\eqref{eq:S2},
we have, as $ L\to\infty $,\\
\begin{enumerate*}[label=(\alph*)]
\item \label{prop:qv:S1} $ S_1\to 0 $;
and \item \label{prop:qv:S2} $ S_2\to_\text{P} 0 $.
\end{enumerate*}
\end{prop}
\noindent
Proposition~\ref{prop:qv} verifies the condition~\eqref{eq:qvCnd} and hence completes the proof of Theorem~\ref{thm:main}.
The proof of Proposition~\ref{prop:qv} is carried out in Sections~\ref{sec:S1}--\ref{sec:S2}.
\subsection{Proof of Corollary~\ref{cor:main}}
Fix $ a<\infty $, throughout this proof we assume $ x,y\in[0,aL]\cap\mathbb{Z} $ and write $ c=c(a) $ to simplify notation.
The first step is to express $ H $ in term of $ \phi $.
To this end, write
\begin{align}
\label{eq:Hlog}
H(x,y) = L\log_\mathfrak{q}\big(\phi(x,y)\big) = L\log_\mathfrak{q}\big( \bar{\phi}(x,y) + u(x,y) \big).
\end{align}
Recall that $ \phi= \mathfrak{q}^{\frac1L H} $,
and that $ H(0,0):=0 $ and $ H $ is $ 1 $-Lipschitz (from the definition of height function).
Hence
\begin{align}
\label{eq:bdd0inf}
\tfrac{1}{c} \leq \phi(x,y) \leq c,
\quad
\tfrac{1}{c} \leq \bar{\phi}(x,y) \leq c,
\quad
x,y \in[0,aL]\cap\mathbb{Z}.
\end{align}
In~\eqref{eq:Hlog}, Taylor expand the function $ \log_\mathfrak{q}(\bar{\phi}+u) $ in $ u $ to the first order, with the aid preceding bounds, we have
\begin{align}
\label{eq:Hexpand}
H(x,y) = L \log_\mathfrak{q}(\bar{\phi}(x,y)) + \tfrac{L}{\bar{\phi}(x,y)\log\mathfrak{q}} u(x,y) + LR(x,y),
\end{align}
for some remainder $ R $ such that
\begin{align}
\label{eq:Rbd}
|R(x,y)| \leq cu^2(x,y).
\end{align}
Take expectation in~\eqref{eq:Hexpand}, subtract the result from~\eqref{eq:Hexpand}.
With $ \Ex[u(x,y)]=0 $, we have
\begin{align*}
H(x,y) - \Ex[H(x,y)]
=
\tfrac{L}{\bar{\phi}(x,y)\log\mathfrak{q}} u(x,y) + L\big(R(x,y) - \Ex[R(x,y)]\big),
\end{align*}
Recall the scaling convention from Definition~\ref{defn:scale}.
Divide both sides by $ \sqrt{L} $, with $ \log\mathfrak{q} = \beta_1-\beta_2 $, we have
\begin{align}
\label{eq:corH}
\tfrac{1}{\sqrt{L}} \big( H_L - \Ex[H_L] \big)
=
\tfrac{1}{\bar{\phi}_L(\beta_1-\beta_2)} \sqrt{L} u_L + \sqrt{L}\big(R_L - \Ex[R_L]\big),
\end{align}
From Theorem~\ref{thm:main} we already have $ \sqrt{L} u_L \to U $ in finite dimensional distributions.
This together with~\eqref{eq:barphi:cnvg} and~\eqref{eq:bdd0inf} gives
$ \frac{1}{\bar{\phi}_L(\beta_1-\beta_2)} \sqrt{L} u_L \to \tilde{U} $ in finite dimensional distributions.
To control the last term in~\eqref{eq:corH}, we calculate the second moment of $ u(x,y) $ from~\eqref{eq:u}.
By \eqref{eq:condE-xi}, the discrete noise $ \xi^\text{d}(x,y) $, $ x,y\in\mathbb{Z}_{> 0} $ are uncorrelated, so
$
\Ex[ u(x,y)^2 ]
=
\sum_{x',y'\in\mathbb{Z}_{> 0}} \rieI(x-x',y-y')^2 \Ex[ \xi^\text{d}(x',y')^2 ].
$
Further using the bounds on $ \mathcal{R}^\text{d} $ from Lemma~\ref{lem:bound-R} and the bound on $ \Ex[ \xi^\text{d}(x',y')^2 ] $
from Lemma~\ref{lem:cond-mom-xi}, we conclude $ \Ex[u(x,y)^2] \leq cL^{-1} $.
Combining this with \eqref{eq:Rbd} gives $ \Ex|R(x,y)| \leq cL^{-1} $.
From this, we see that the last term in~\eqref{eq:corH} converges to zero
in finite dimensional distributions.
This completes the proof.
\section{Proof of Proposition~\ref{prop:qv}\ref{prop:qv:S1}}
\label{sec:S1}
Recall that $ (\mathbf{x}_1,\mathbf{y}_1),\ldots,(\mathbf{x}_n,\mathbf{y}_n)\in\mathbb{R}_+^2 $ are points fixed previously.
Hereafter, we fix further $ i,j\in\{1,\ldots,n\} $.
Recall from Lemma~\ref{lem:apribd}
that $ \bar{\phi}_L(x,y) = \bar{\phi}(Lx,Ly) $ converges uniformly to $ \Phi $.
On the other hand, from the integrated representation~\eqref{eq:barphi},
it is not hard to check that $ L \nabla_x \phi(Lx,Ly) \not\to \partial_x\Phi $
and $ L \nabla_y \phi(Lx,Ly) \not\to \partial_y\Phi $ in general.
That is, derivatives of $ \bar{\phi} $ do \emph{not} converge pointwisely.
Given that the quantities $ \D $ and $ \Dd $ (defined in~\eqref{eq:D} and \eqref{eq:Dd}) involves gradients,
in order to show $ S_1\to\infty $,
one needs to exploit the sum over $ s $ in~\eqref{eq:S1}, as well as the integral over $ x,y $ in~\eqref{eq:QV}.
The sum and integral smear out the possibly fluctuating derivatives.
In the following two lemmas we expose the aforementioned smearing effect
via integration-by-parts and summation-by-parts formulas.
Let $ \text{Lip}(\mathbb{R}_+) $ and $ \text{Lip}(\mathbb{R}_+^2) $ denote the spaces of functions
that are uniformly Lipschitz respectively over compact subsets of $ \mathbb{R}_+ $ and $ \mathbb{R}_+^2 $.
Following the preceding discussion, instead of Lipschitz norms,
we equip $ \text{Lip}(\mathbb{R}_+) $ and $ \text{Lip}(\mathbb{R}_+^2) $
with the topology of uniform convergence over compact subsets.
Recall that $ \RieI_{ij}(x,y) := \RieI(\mathbf{x}_i-x, \mathbf{y}_i-y) \RieI(\mathbf{x}_j-x,\mathbf{y}_j-y) $.
For $ \alpha=x,y $, consider the map
\begin{align}
\label{eq:U}
V_\alpha : \text{Lip}(\mathbb{R}_+^2) \longrightarrow \mathbb{R},
\quad
V_\alpha(\Phi)
&:=
\int_{\mathbb{R}_+^2}
\RieI_{ij}(x,y) \ \partial_{\alpha} \Phi (x,y) \cdot\Phi(x,y) \ dx dy.
\end{align}
For given $ \chi,\psi\in\text{Lip}(\mathbb{R}_+) $, let $ \Phi=\Phi(\chi,\psi) $ defined through~\eqref{eq:Phi:mild}.
Consider the following map $ V_{xy}: \text{Lip}(\mathbb{R}_+)\times\text{Lip}(\mathbb{R}_+)\to\mathbb{R} $:
\begin{align} \label{e:def-Vxy}
V_{xy}(\chi,\psi)
&:=
\int_{\mathbb{R}_+^2}
\RieI_{ij}(x,y)
\,
\partial_{x} \Phi(x,y)
\cdot
\partial_{y} \Phi(x,y)
\ dxdy,
\quad
\Phi=\Phi(\chi,\psi) \text{ via }\eqref{eq:Phi:mild}.
\end{align}
\begin{lem}
\label{lem:ibp}
For $ \alpha,\beta\in\{x,y\} $,
the maps $ V_\alpha : \text{Lip}(\mathbb{R}_+^2) \to \mathbb{R} $, $ V_{xy} : \text{Lip}(\mathbb{R}_+)^2 \to \mathbb{R} $ are continuous
(under uniform topology, as declared previously).
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
We begin with $ V_\alpha $.
Take $ \alpha=x $ to simplify notation. The case $ \alpha=y $ follows exactly the same.
To simplify notation,
set $ \overline{\mathbf{x}}:=\mathbf{x}_i\wedge\mathbf{x}_j $ and $ \overline{\mathbf{y}}:=\mathbf{y}_i\wedge\mathbf{y}_j $
and $ \mathcal{R}_{ij}(x,y) := \mathcal{R}(\mathbf{x}_i-x, \mathbf{y}_i-y) \mathcal{R}(\mathbf{x}_j-x,\mathbf{y}_j-y) $.
In~\eqref{eq:U}, writing $ \partial_x\Phi\cdot\Phi =\frac12\partial_x(\Phi^2) $, we have
\begin{align*}
V_x(\Phi)
=
\frac12\int_{0}^{\overline{\mathbf{x}}}\int_{0}^{\overline{\mathbf{y}}}
\mathcal{R}_{ij}(x,y)
\,
\partial_x(\Phi^2(x,y))
\, dx dy.
\end{align*}
Integration by parts in $ x $ gives
\begin{align}
\label{eq:VVx}
V_x(\Phi)
=
\frac12 \int_{0}^{\overline{\mathbf{y}}}
\mathcal{R}_{ij}(x,y) \Phi^2(x,y) \Big|_{x=0}^{x=\overline{\mathbf{x}}} dy
-
\frac12\int_{0}^{\overline{\mathbf{x}}}\int_{0}^{\overline{\mathbf{y}}}
\partial_x \mathcal{R}_{ij}(x,y) \cdot
\Phi^2(x,y)dxdy.
\end{align}
Given that $ \mathcal{R}_{ij} $ is smooth (from Lemma~\ref{lem:bound-R}),
from~\eqref{eq:VVx} it is clear that $ V_x $ is continuous in $\Phi$.
Turning to $ V_{xy} $,
take $ x $-derivative in \eqref{eq:Phi:mild} to get
$ \partial_x\Phi(x,y) = \mathcal{R}(0,y) \chi'(x) + G (x,y) $,
where
\begin{align}
\notag
G (x,y)
:=&\psi(0) \partial_x \mathcal{R}(x,y) + \beta_1\mathcal{R}(0,y)\chi(x)
\\
\label{eq:Gx}
& +\int_0^y \partial_x \mathcal{R}(x,y-y') \big(\psi'(y') + \beta_2 \psi(y') \big) dy'
+ \int_0^x \partial_x \mathcal{R}(x-x',y) \big(\chi'(x')+\beta_1\chi(x')\big) dx'.
\end{align}
Note that $ G $ involves the derivatives $ \chi' $ and $ \psi' $.
We integrate by parts to separate the dependence on $ \chi' $ and $ \psi' $ from the dependence on $ \chi $ and $ \psi $.
To state this precisely, consider the set $ \mathscr{K} $ that consists of
finite linear combinations of the following expressions
\begin{align}
\label{eq:generic}
\partial^{k_1} \mathcal{R}(x-x_1,y) \chi(x_1)
\quad
\partial^{k_2} \mathcal{R}(x,y-y_2) \psi(y_2),
\quad
\int_0^x \partial^{k_3} \mathcal{R}(x-x',y) \chi(x') dx',
\quad
\int_0^y \partial^{k_4} \mathcal{R}(x,y-y') \psi(y') dy',
\end{align}
where $ k_i =(k_i,k'_i)\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}^2 $ are multi-indices (defined in Lemma~\ref{lem:bound-R}) with $ |k_i| \leq 3 $,
$ x_1\in\{0,x\} $, and $ y_2\in\{0,y\} $.
That is,
\begin{align}
\label{eq:Generic}
\mathscr{K}
:=
\Big\{
\sum \alpha_\text{term} \cdot \big(\text{term in~\eqref{eq:generic}}\big)
\Big\}.
\end{align}
In~\eqref{eq:Gx}, integrating by parts in $ y' $ and in $ x' $ respectively for the first and second integrals, we have
\begin{align}
\label{eq:Phix}
\partial_x \Phi(x,y)
=
\mathcal{R}(0,y)\chi'(x) + \partial_x\mathcal{R}(x,0)\psi(y) + \mathcal{K}_y,
\end{align}
for some $ \mathcal{K}_y $ such that $ \mathcal{K}_y, \partial_y \mathcal{K}_y \in \mathscr{K} $.
A similarly calculation applied to $ \partial_y \Phi $ gives
\begin{align}
\label{eq:Phiy}
\partial_y \Phi(x,y)
=
\mathcal{R}(x,0)\psi'(y) + \partial_y\mathcal{R}(0,y)\chi(x) + \mathcal{K}_x,
\end{align}
for some $ \mathcal{K}_x $ such that $ \mathcal{K}_x, \partial_x \mathcal{K}_x \in \mathscr{K} $.
Inserting~\eqref{eq:Phix}--\eqref{eq:Phiy} into~\eqref{e:def-Vxy} gives
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
\label{eq:Vxy1}
V_{xy}(\chi,\psi)
=&
\mathcal{I}\big( \mathcal{R}(0,y)\chi'(x)\cdot\mathcal{R}(x,0)\psi'(y) \big)
\\
\label{eq:Vxy2}
&
+\mathcal{I}\big( \mathcal{R}(0,y)\chi'(x)\cdot\partial_y\mathcal{R}(0,y)\chi(x) \big) + \mathcal{I}\big( \partial_x\mathcal{R}(x,0)\psi(y)\cdot\mathcal{R}(x,0)\psi'(y) \big)
\\
\label{eq:Vxy3}
&
+\mathcal{I}\big( \mathcal{R}(0,y)\chi'(x)\cdot\mathcal{K}_x \big) + \mathcal{I}\big( \mathcal{K}_y\cdot\mathcal{R}(x,0)\psi'(y) \big)
\\
\label{eq:Vxy4}
&
+\mathcal{I}\big( (\partial_x\mathcal{R}(x,0)\psi(y) + \mathcal{K}_y)\cdot(\partial_y\mathcal{R}(0,y)\chi(x) + \mathcal{K}_x) \big),
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
where
\begin{align}
\label{eq:I}
\mathcal{I}(f)
:=
\int_{0}^{\overline{\mathbf{x}}}\int_{0}^{\overline{\mathbf{y}}} \mathcal{R}_{ij}(x,y) f(x,y) dxdy.
\end{align}
To complete the proof, we next argue that each term in~\eqref{eq:Vxy1}--\eqref{eq:Vxy4} is a continuous function of $ (\chi,\psi) $.
For~\eqref{eq:Vxy4}, we indeed have $ \partial_x\mathcal{R}(x,0)\psi(y), \partial_y\mathcal{R}(0,y)\chi(x) \in \mathscr{K} $.
Consequently, the expression
\begin{align*}
(\partial_x\mathcal{R}(x,0)\psi(y) + \mathcal{K}_y)\cdot(\partial_y\mathcal{R}(0,y)\chi(x) + \mathcal{K}_x)
\end{align*}
defines a continuous function of $ (x,y,\chi,\psi) \in \mathbb{R}_+^2 \times C(\mathbb{R}_+)^2 $.
Given this property, and referring to~\eqref{eq:I}, we see that the term in~\eqref{eq:Vxy4} is a continuous function of $ (\chi,\psi) $.
Turning to~\eqref{eq:Vxy3}, we note that the terms involve $ \chi' $ and $ \psi' $.
We integrate by parts in $ x $ and $ y $, \emph{respectively} for the first and second term in~\eqref{eq:Vxy3}.
This removes the derivatives on $ \chi $ and $ \psi $.
Further, $ \mathcal{K}_x $ and $ \mathcal{K}_y $ remain $ \mathscr{K} $-valued upon differentiating in $ x $ and $ y $, respectively.
From this, we see that the terms in \eqref{eq:Vxy3} are continuous functions of $ (\chi,\psi) $.
Moving onto~\eqref{eq:Vxy2}, we write
\begin{align*}
\mathcal{R}(0,y)\chi'(x)\cdot\partial_y\mathcal{R}(0,y)\chi(x) &= \mathcal{R}(0,y)\partial_y\mathcal{R}(0,y)\cdot \tfrac{1}{2}\tfrac{d~}{dx} \chi(x)^2,
\\
\partial_x\mathcal{R}(x,0)\psi(y)\cdot\mathcal{R}(x,0)\psi'(y) &= \mathcal{R}(x,0)\partial_x\mathcal{R}(x,0) \cdot \tfrac{1}{2}\tfrac{d~}{dy} \psi(x)^2.
\end{align*}
Given these expressions, integrating by parts in $ x $ and $ y $, \emph{respectively} for the first and second term in~\eqref{eq:Vxy2},
we conclude that the terms are continuous functions of $ (\chi,\psi) $.
Finally, for~\eqref{eq:Vxy1}, straightforward integration by parts in $ x $ and $ y $
verifies that the term is a continuous function of $ (\chi,\psi) $.
\end{proof}
Next we turn to the discrete analog of Lemma~\ref{lem:ibp}.
Recall that $ \rieI_{ij}(x,y) := \rieI(L\mathbf{x}_i-x, \mathbf{y}_i-y) \RieI(L\mathbf{x}_j-x,\mathbf{y}_j-y) $.
For $ \alpha=x,y $, set
\begin{align}
\label{eq:Udx}
\mathsf{v}_\alpha
&:=
L^{-2}\sum_{x,y\in\mathbb{Z}_{> 0}}
\rieI_{ij}(x,y) \, (L\nabla_\alpha \bar{\phi}(x,y)) \, \bar{\phi}(x,y),
\\
\label{eq:Udxy}
\mathsf{v}_{xy}
&:=
L^{-2} \sum_{x,y\in\mathbb{Z}_{> 0}}
\rieI_{ij}(x,y) \, (L\nabla_x \bar{\phi}(x,y)) \, (L\nabla_y \bar{\phi}(x,y)).
\end{align}
Recall the scaling notation and interpolation convention from Definition~\ref{defn:scale}.
\begin{lem}
\label{lem:sbp}
Abusing notation, we write $ V_{xy}(\bar{\phi}_L) := V_{xy}(\bar{\phi}_L(\Cdot,0),\bar{\phi}_L(0,\Cdot)) $.
Then, as $ L\to\infty $,
\begin{align*}
\sum_{\alpha=x,y} \big| \mathsf{v}_\alpha - V_\alpha(\bar{\phi}_L) \big|
+
\big| \mathsf{v}_{xy} - V_{xy}(\bar{\phi}_L) \big|
\longrightarrow
0.
\end{align*}
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
We begin by bounding $ |\mathsf{v}_\alpha - V_\alpha(\bar{\phi}_L)| $.
Take $ \alpha=x $ to simplify notation. The case $ \alpha=y $ follows exactly the same.
Let $ \tilde \mathsf{v}_x $ denote the analog of $ \mathsf{v}_x $
where the last factor $\bar\phi(x,y)$ in \eqref{eq:Udx} is replaced by $\bar\phi(x+1,y)$.
Using
\begin{align}
\label{eq:nablasq}
\nabla f(x) \cdot f(x+1) + f(x) \cdot \nabla f(x) = \nabla f^2(x)
\end{align}
for $ f(x) = \bar{\phi}(x,y) $, we have
\begin{align*}
\frac12( \mathsf{v}_x + \tilde{\mathsf{v}}_x )
=
\frac{1}{2L^{2}} \sum_{x,y\in\mathbb{Z}_{> 0}}
\rieI_{ij}(x,y)
L\nabla_x \big(\bar{\phi}^2(x,y) \big).
\end{align*}
Set $ \mathcal{R}^\text{d}_{ij}(x,y) := \mathcal{R}^\text{d}(L\mathbf{x}_i-x, L\mathbf{y}_i-y) \mathcal{R}(\mathbf{x}_j-x,\mathbf{y}_j-y) $,
and recall that $ \overline{\mathbf{x}} := \mathbf{x}_i\wedge \mathbf{x}_j $ and $ \overline{\mathbf{y}} := \mathbf{y}_i\wedge \mathbf{y}_j $.
Further, given the bounds on $ \mathcal{R}^\text{d} $ from Lemma~\ref{lem:bound-R}
and the bound on $ \nabla_x\bar{\phi} $ from Lemma~\ref{lem:apribd},
we have $|\mathsf{v}_x-\tilde \mathsf{v}_x|\le c L^{-1} $, so
\begin{align}
\label{eq:Vdx}
\mathsf{v}_x
=
\frac{1}{2L^2}
\sum_{x,y\in\mathbb{Z}_{> 0}}
\rieI_{ij}(x,y) \, L\nabla_x (\bar{\phi}(x,y)^2 )
+
r
=
\frac{1}{2L^2}
\sum_{x=1}^{L\overline{\mathbf{x}}} \sum_{y=1}^{L\overline{\mathbf{y}}}
\mathcal{R}^\text{d}_{ij}(x,y) \, L\nabla_x (\bar{\phi}(x,y)^2 )
+
r,
\end{align}
for some remainder term $ r $ such that $ |r| \leq cL^{-1} $.
In~\eqref{eq:Vdx}, applying summation by parts
\begin{align*}
\sum_{i=a}^b f(i) \cdot \nabla g(i)
=
f(i-1) g(i) \big|_{i=a}^{i=b+1}
-
\sum_{i=a}^b \nabla f(i-1) \cdot g(i)
\end{align*}
in the variable $ x $ gives
\begin{align*}
\mathsf{v}_x
=
\frac{1}{2L} \sum_{y=1}^{L \overline{\mathbf{y}}}
\mathcal{R}^\text{d}_{ij}(x-1,y) \, \bar{\phi}(x,y)^2 \,\Big|_{x=1}^{x=L\overline{\mathbf{x}}+1}
-
\frac{1}{2L^2} \sum_{x=1}^{L\overline{\mathbf{x}}} \sum_{y=1}^{L\overline{\mathbf{y}}}
L\nabla_x \mathcal{R}^\text{d}_{ij}(x-1,y)
\cdot
\bar{\phi}(x,y)^2
+ r.
\end{align*}
Given Lemmas~\ref{lem:bound-R}--\ref{lem:apribd},
within in the last expression,
replacing $\mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,y)$ with $\mathcal{R}(\tfrac{x}{L},\tfrac{y}{L})$, and
$ L {\nabla_x} {\mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,y)} $ with $\partial_x\mathcal{R}(\tfrac{x}{L},\tfrac{y}{L}) $
only introduce errors that converges to zero as $ L\to\infty $.
This gives
\begin{align}
\label{eq:Vdxx}
\mathsf{v}_x
=
\frac{1}{2L} \sum_{y=1}^{L \overline{\mathbf{y}}}
\mathcal{R}_{ij}(\tfrac{x-1}{L},\tfrac{y}{L}) \, \bar{\phi}_L(\tfrac{x}{L},\tfrac{y}{L})^2 \,\Big|_{x=1}^{x=L\overline{\mathbf{x}}+1}
-
\frac{1}{2L^2} \sum_{x=1}^{L\overline{\mathbf{x}}} \sum_{y=1}^{L\overline{\mathbf{y}}}
L\nabla_x \mathcal{R}_{ij}(\tfrac{x-1}{L},\tfrac{y}{L})
\cdot
\bar{\phi}_L(\tfrac{x}{L},\tfrac{y}{L})^2
+ r',
\end{align}
for some $ r' $ such that $ |r'|\to 0 $, where $\mathcal{R}_{ij}$ is defined in proof of Lemma~\ref{lem:ibp}.
Compare~\eqref{eq:VVx} and \eqref{eq:Vdxx}.
Since $ \{\phi_L\}_L \subset C([0,\overline{\mathbf{x}}]\times[0,\overline{\mathbf{y}}]) $ is equicontinuous,
and since $ \mathcal{R} $ is smooth,
in~\eqref{eq:Vdxx}, replacing sums with integrals and replacing $ L\nabla_x $ with $ \partial_x $
only introduce errors that converges to zero as $ L\to\infty $.
From this we conclude $ |\mathsf{v}_x - V_x(\bar{\phi}_L)| \to 0 $.
Turning to showing $ | \mathsf{v}_{xy} - V_{xy}(\bar{\phi}_L)| \to 0 $,
we rewrite~\eqref{eq:barphi} in a way similar to~\eqref{eq:Phi:mild}
(note that $ \bar{\phi}=\phi $ along the axises $ \set{0}\times\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0} $ and $ \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}\times\set{0} $):
\begin{align}
\label{eq:barphi:}
\begin{split}
\bar{\phi}(x,y)
=
\bar{\phi}(0,0) \mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,y)
&+
L^{-1} \sum_{y'=1}^y \rieI(x,y-y') \big(L\nabla_{y'}\phi(0,y'-1)+ L(1-b_2) \bar{\phi}(0,y'-1)\big)
\\
&+
L^{-1} \sum_{x'=1}^x \rieI(x-x',y) \big(L\nabla_{x'}\phi(x'-1,0) + L(1-b_1) \bar{\phi}(x'-1,0)\big).
\end{split}
\end{align}
Define the discrete analog of $ \mathscr{K} $ (as in~\eqref{eq:Generic}):
\begin{align}
\notag
&\mathscr{K}^\text{d}
:=
\Big\{
\sum \alpha_{L,\text{term}} \cdot \big(\text{term in~\eqref{eq:genericd}}\big)
:
\#\{ \alpha_{L,\text{term}} \neq 0 \}\leq c,
\quad
\lim_{L\to 0} \alpha_{L,\text{term}} \in \mathbb{R}
\Big\},
\end{align}
where,
with $ k_i =(k_i,k'_i)\in\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}^2 $ being multi-indices with $ |k_i| \leq 3 $,
and with $ x_1\in\{0,x\} $, $ y_2\in\{0,y\} $, and $ j_i,j'_i,j''_i \in\{0,\pm1,\pm2\} $,
the terms read
\begin{align}
\label{eq:genericd}
\begin{split}
&L^{-|k_1|}\nabla^{k_1} \mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x-x_1+j_1,y) \chi(x_1+j'_1),
\quad
L^{-|k_2|}\nabla^{k_2} \mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,y-y_2+j_2) \psi(y_2+j'_2),
\\
&
L^{-1} \sum_{x'=1}^{x} L^{-|k_3|}\nabla^{k_3} \mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x-x'+j_3,y+j'_3) \chi(x'+j''_3),
\\
&
L^{-1} \sum_{y'=1}^{y} L^{-|k_3|}\nabla^{k_3} \mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x+j_4,y-y'+j'_4) \psi(y'+j''_4).
\end{split}
\end{align}
Under the preceding setup,
we perform procedures analogous to those leading up to~\eqref{eq:Phix}--\eqref{eq:Phiy},
with~\eqref{eq:Vdxx} in place of~\eqref{eq:Phi:mild},
$\mathsf{v}_{xy}$ in place of $V_{xy}$,
$\mathcal{R}^\text{d}$ and $L \nabla_x \mathcal{R}^\text{d}$ in place of $\mathcal{R}$ and $\partial_x \mathcal{R}$, and
$(\bar{\phi}(\Cdot,0),\bar{\phi}(0,\Cdot))$ in place of $(\chi,\psi)$.
This gives
\begin{align}
\label{eq:barphix}
L\nabla_x \bar{\phi}(x,y)
&=
\mathcal{R}^\text{d}(0,y)\cdot L\nabla_x \bar{\phi}(x,0) + L\nabla_x \mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,0)\cdot\bar{\phi}(0,y) + \mathcal{K}^\text{d}_y,
\\
\label{eq:barphiy}
L\nabla_y \bar{\phi}(x,y)
&=
\mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,0)\cdot L\nabla_y \bar{\phi}(0,y) + L\nabla_y \mathcal{R}^\text{d}(0,y) \cdot\bar{\phi}(x,0) + \mathcal{K}^\text{d}_x,
\end{align}
for some $ \mathcal{K}^\text{d}_\alpha $ such that $ \mathcal{K}^\text{d}_\alpha, L\nabla_\alpha\mathcal{K}^\text{d}_\alpha \in \mathscr{K}^\text{d} $.
For our purpose it is more convineint to change $ \bar{\phi}(0,y) \mapsto \frac12(\bar{\phi}(0,y)+\bar{\phi}(0,y+1)) $
and $ \bar{\phi}(x,0) \mapsto \frac12(\bar{\phi}(x,0)+\bar{\phi}(x+1,0)) $ in~\eqref{eq:barphix}--\eqref{eq:barphiy}.
To this end, using the bounds on $ L \nabla_\alpha \mathcal{R}^\text{d} $ from Lemma~\ref{lem:bound-R}
and the bound on $ \nabla_\alpha \bar{\phi} $ from Lemma~\ref{lem:apribd},
we write
\begin{align}
\tag{\ref*{eq:barphix}'}
\label{eq:barphix:}
L\nabla_x \bar{\phi}(x,y)
&=
\mathcal{R}^\text{d}(0,y)\cdot L\nabla_x \bar{\phi}(x,0) + L\nabla_x \mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,0)\cdot\tfrac12\big( \bar{\phi}(0,y)+\bar{\phi}(0,y+1) \big) + \mathcal{K}^\text{d}_y +r_1,
\\
\tag{\ref*{eq:barphiy}'}
\label{eq:barphiy:}
L\nabla_y \bar{\phi}(x,y)
&=
\mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,0)\cdot L\nabla_y \bar{\phi}(0,y) + L\nabla_y \mathcal{R}^\text{d}(0,y) \cdot \tfrac12\big( \bar{\phi}(x,0)+ \bar{\phi}(x+1,0) \big) + \mathcal{K}^\text{d}_x+r_2,
\end{align}
for some $ r_1,r_2 $ such that $ |r_1|,|r_2| \leq cL^{-1} $.
Inserting~\eqref{eq:barphix:}--\eqref{eq:barphiy:} into~\eqref{eq:Udxy} gives
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
\label{eq:vxy1}
\mathsf{v}_{xy}(\chi,\psi)
=&
\mathcal{I}^\text{d}\Big( \mathcal{R}^\text{d}(0,y)L\nabla_x \bar{\phi}(x,0)\cdot\mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,0)L\nabla_y \bar{\phi}(0,y) \Big)
\\
\begin{split}
\label{eq:vxy2}
&
+\mathcal{I}^\text{d}\Big( \mathcal{R}^\text{d}(0,y)\cdot L\nabla_x \bar{\phi}(x,0)\cdot L\nabla_y\mathcal{R}^\text{d}(0,y)\cdot \tfrac12\big( \bar{\phi}(x,0)+ \bar{\phi}(x+1,0) \big) \Big)
\\
&
\quad\quad+\mathcal{I}^\text{d}\Big( L\nabla_x\mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,0)\cdot\tfrac12\big( \bar{\phi}(0,y)+\bar{\phi}(0,y+1) \big)\cdot\mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,0)\cdot L\nabla_y \bar{\phi}(0,y) \Big)
\end{split}
\\
&
\label{eq:vxy3}
+\mathcal{I}^\text{d}\Big( \mathcal{R}^\text{d}(0,y)L\nabla_x \bar{\phi}(x,0)\cdot\mathcal{K}^\text{d}_x \Big) + \mathcal{I}^\text{d}\Big( \mathcal{K}^\text{d}_y\cdot\mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,0)L\nabla_y \bar{\phi}(0,y) \Big)
\\
\begin{split}
\label{eq:vxy4}
&
+\mathcal{I}^\text{d}\Big( \Big(L\nabla_x\mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,0)\cdot\tfrac12\big( \bar{\phi}(0,y)+\bar{\phi}(0,y+1) \big) + \mathcal{K}^\text{d}_y \Big)
\\
&
\hphantom{+\mathcal{I}^\text{d}\Big(\quad }
\cdot \Big(L\nabla_y\mathcal{R}^\text{d}(0,y)\cdot \tfrac12\big( \bar{\phi}(x,0)+\bar{\phi}(x+1,0) + \mathcal{K}^\text{d}_x) \Big)\Big)
\end{split}
\\
\notag
&+r',
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
where
$
\mathcal{I}^\text{d}(f)
:=
L^{-2} \sum_{x=1}^{L\overline{\mathbf{x}}}\sum_{y=1}^{L\overline{\mathbf{y}}} \mathcal{R}^\text{d}_{ij}(x,y) f(x,y).
$
Here $ r' $ collects all the terms that involve $ r_1 $ and $ r_2 $ from the expansion.
Given the bounds from Lemmas~\ref{lem:bound-R} and \ref{lem:apribd},
we indeed have $ |r'| \leq c L^{-1} $.
Also, using~\eqref{eq:nablasq} for $ f(x)=\bar{\phi}(x,0) $ and for $ f(y)=\bar{\phi}(0,y) $,
we rewrite the terms in~\eqref{eq:vxy2} as
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
\tag{\ref*{eq:vxy2}'}
\label{eq:vxy2:}
\mathcal{I}^\text{d}\Big( \mathcal{R}^\text{d}(0,y)\cdot L\nabla_y\mathcal{R}^\text{d}(0,y)\cdot L\nabla_x \big( \bar{\phi}(x,0)^2 \big) \Big)
+\mathcal{I}^\text{d}\Big( L\nabla_x\mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,0)\cdot\mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x,0)\cdot L\nabla_y \big( \bar{\phi}(0,y)^2 \big) \Big).
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
Recall that, in the proof of Lemma~\ref{lem:ibp},
we processed the terms in~\eqref{eq:Vxy1}--\eqref{eq:Vxy4} through integration by parts
so that the resulting expressions do not involve derivatives of $ \chi $ or of $ \psi $.
Here, similarly processing \eqref{eq:vxy1}, \eqref{eq:vxy2:}, and \eqref{eq:vxy3}--\eqref{eq:vxy4} (via summation by parts)
gives expressions that do not involve discrete gradients of $ \bar{\phi}(x,0) $ or of $ \bar{\phi}(0,y) $.
Given that $ \{\phi_L(x,y)\}_L \subset C([0,\overline{\mathbf{x}}]\times[0,\overline{\mathbf{y}}]) $ is equicontinuous,
and given the bounds from Lemma~\ref{lem:bound-R},
within the \emph{processed} expressions of~\eqref{eq:vxy1}, \eqref{eq:vxy2:}, and \eqref{eq:vxy3}--\eqref{eq:vxy4},
replacing $ \mathcal{R}^\text{d} $ and $ L^{|k|}\nabla^k\mathcal{R}^\text{d} $ with $ \mathcal{R} $ and $ \partial^k \mathcal{R} $
and replacing the sums with integrals only cause errors that converge to zero as $ L\to\infty $.
From this we conclude $ | \mathsf{v}_{xy} - V_{xy}(\bar{\phi}_L) | \to 0 $.
\end{proof}
Based on Lemmas~\ref{lem:ibp}--\ref{lem:sbp}, we finish the proof of Proposition~\ref{prop:qv}\ref{prop:qv:S1}.
With $ S_1 $ defined in \eqref{eq:S1},
referring to~\eqref{eq:D}, \eqref{eq:Dd}, \eqref{eq:U}--\eqref{eq:Udx}, and \eqref{eq:Udx}--\eqref{eq:Udxy},
we decompose $ S_1 = \sum_{\beta=xy,x,y}\sum_{i=1,2} S^i_{1\beta} $, where
\begin{align*}
&
S^1_{1xy} := (\gamma_{xy}-\beta_1+\beta_2) \mathsf{v}_{xy},&
&
S^1_{1x} := (\gamma_{x}-\beta_2 (\beta_2 -\beta_1)) \mathsf{v}_{x},&
&
S^1_{1y} := (\gamma_{y}+\beta_1 (\beta_2 -\beta_1)) \mathsf{v}_{y},
\\
&
S^2_{1xy} := (\beta_1+\beta_2) \big( \mathsf{v}_{xy}-V_{xy}(\Phi) \big),&
&
S^2_{1x} := \beta_2 (\beta_2 -\beta_1) \big( \mathsf{v}_{x}-V_{x}(\Phi) \big),&
&
S^2_{1y} := - \beta_1 (\beta_2 -\beta_1) \big( \mathsf{v}_{y}-V_{y}(\Phi) \big).
\end{align*}
For $ S^1_{1\beta} $, $ \beta=xy,x,y $, it is readily checked from Lemma~\ref{lem:apribd} that $ |\mathsf{v}_\beta| \leq c $.
From~\eqref{eq:gamma}, we have that $ \gamma_{xy}\to(\beta_1+\beta_2) $,
$ \gamma_{x}\to \beta_2 (\beta_2 -\beta_1) $, and $ \gamma_{y}\to -\beta_1 (\beta_2 -\beta_1) $.
Hence $ S^1_{1\beta} \to 0 $.
As for $ S^2_{1\beta} $, $ \beta=xy,x,y $, further decompose
$ \mathsf{v}_{\beta}-V_{\beta}(\Phi) = (\mathsf{v}_\beta - V_\beta(\bar{\phi}_L)) + (V_\beta(\bar{\phi}_L) - V_{\beta}(\Phi)) $.
Using Lemmas~\ref{lem:ibp}--\ref{lem:sbp} and~\eqref{eq:barphi:cnvg} to bound the respective terms,
we conclude $ S^2_{1\beta}\to 0 $.
\section{Proof of Proposition~\ref{prop:qv}\ref{prop:qv:S2}}
\label{sec:S2}
The proof begins by deriving an integral representation for $ L\nabla_x\phi $ and $ L\nabla_y\phi $.
To this end, rewrite~\eqref{eq:phi} as
\begin{align*}
\phi(x,y) = \bar{\phi}(x,y)+
\sum_{x'\in(0,x]}\sum_{y'\in(0,y]} \mathcal{R}^\text{d}(x-x',y-y') \xi^\text{d}(x',y').
\end{align*}
Take discrete derivatives on both sides to get
\begin{align}
\label{eq:phix}
&L\nabla_x \phi(x,y)
=
L\nabla_x \bar{\phi}(x,y)
+
\bk_x(x,y)
+
\bdy_x(x,y),&
&
L\nabla_y \phi(x,y)
=
L\nabla_y \bar{\phi}(x,y)
+
\bk_y(x,y)
+
\bdy_y(x,y),
\end{align}
where
\begin{align}
\label{eq:bk}
\bk_\alpha(x,y)
&:=
\sum_{x',y'\in\mathbb{Z}_{> 0}} L\nabla_\alpha \rieI(x-x',y-y') \xi^\text{d}(x',y'),
\\
\label{eq:bdy}
\bdy_x(x,y)
&:=
L\sum_{y'\in\mathbb{Z}_{> 0}} \rieI(0,y-y') \xi^\text{d}(x+1,y'),
\quad
\bdy_y(x,y)
:=
L\sum_{x'\in\mathbb{Z}_{> 0}} \rieI(x-x',0) \xi^\text{d}(x',y+1).
\end{align}
\begin{lem}
\label{lem:ptmom}
For any fixed $ a\in[1,\infty) $ and $ f:\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}^2 \to \mathbb{R} $, $ \alpha=x,y $,
we have
\begin{align*}
\sup_{x,y \in[0,aL]\cap\mathbb{Z}} \Ex[(\bk_\alpha(x,y))^2]
\leq
c(a) L^{-1},
\quad\quad
\sup_{x,y\in[0,aL]\cap\mathbb{Z}} \Ex[(\bdy_\alpha(x,y))^2]
\leq
c(a).
\end{align*}
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
For simpler notation, throughout the proof we write $ c=c(a) $,
Calculate the second moment of $ \bk_\alpha(x,y) $~\eqref{eq:bk}.
By Lemma~\ref{lem:bound-R}, the variables $ \xi^\text{d}(x,y) $, $ x,y\in\mathbb{Z}_{>0}^2 $ are uncorrelated, so
\begin{align}
\label{eq:bk:contraction}
\Ex[(\bk_\alpha(x,y))^2]
=
\sum_{x',y'\in\mathbb{Z}_{>0}}
\big( L\nabla_\alpha\rieI(x-x',y-y') \big)^2
\Ex\big[\xi^\text{d}(x',y')^2 \big].
\end{align}
By Lemma~\ref{lem:bound-R}, the term $ L\nabla_\alpha\rieI(x-x',y-y') $ is bounded by $ c $.
With $ x',y' \in [0,aL]\cap\mathbb{Z} $, the number of terms within the sum is $ \leq c L^2 $.
By Lemma~\ref{lem:cond-mom-xi}, the $ \Ex[\xi^\text{d}(x,y)^2 ]\leq cL^{-3} $.
From these discussions, we concludes the desired bound for $ \bk_\alpha $.
We now turn to bounding $ \bdy_\alpha $. Take $ \alpha=x $ to simplify notation.
Following the same argument for obtaining~\eqref{eq:bdy:contraction}, here we have
\begin{align}
\label{eq:bdy:contraction}
\Ex[(\bdy_x(x,y))^2]
=
L^2\sum_{y'\in\mathbb{Z}_{>0}} \big( \rieI(0,y-y') \big)^2\Ex\big[\xi^\text{d}(x+1,y')^2 \big].
\end{align}
By Lemma~\ref{lem:bound-R}, the term $ \rieI(0,y-y') $ is bounded by $ c $.
With $ y' \in [0,aL]\cap\mathbb{Z} $, the number of terms within the sum is $ \leq c L $.
By Lemma~\ref{lem:cond-mom-xi}, the $ \Ex[\xi^\text{d}(x,y)^2 ]\leq cL^{-3} $.
From these discussions, we concludes the desired bound for $ \bdy_\alpha $.
\end{proof}
Having established Lemma~\ref{lem:ptmom}, we now proceed to bounding $ S_2 $.
To simplify notation, set
\begin{align*}
\quad\quad
&L^{-2}\sum_{s=1}^{c_*L^2} f(x(s),y(s))
:=
\Av(f).
\end{align*}
First, recall from \eqref{eq:S2} and \eqref{eq:Dd} that
$ S_2 $ involves the term $ \phi(x,y) L\nabla_x \phi(x,y) $ and $ \phi(x,y) L\nabla_y \phi(x,y) $ via $ \Dd(x,y;\phi) $.
From Theorem~\ref{thm:lln} and \eqref{eq:barphi:cnvg}, we have that
$
\norm{\phi_L-\bar{\phi}_L}_{C(\mathbb{R}_+^2)} \to 0,
$
as $ L\to\infty$.
From this, together with the bound \eqref{eq:phi:apribd} on $ \phi $ and the bounds on $ \mathcal{R}^\text{d} $ from Lemma~\ref{lem:bound-R},
we see that
\begin{align*}
\Av\Big(
\rieI_{ij}\cdot
\big(
\gamma_x \phi L\nabla_x \phi -\gamma_x \bar{\phi} L\nabla_x \phi
+
\gamma_y \phi L\nabla_y \phi - \gamma_y\bar{\phi} L\nabla_y \phi
\big)
\Big)
\longrightarrow_\text{P}0.
\end{align*}
Granted this, instead of showing $ S_2 \to_\text{P} 0 $, it suffices to show $ \hat{S}_2 \to_\text{P} 0 $,
where
\begin{align}
\label{eq:hatS2}
\hat{S}_2
&:=
L^{-2}\sum_{s=1}^{c_*L^2} \rieI_{ij}(x(s),y(s))\cdot \big( \Ddd(x(s),y(s);\bar{\phi},\phi) - \Dd(x(s),y(s);\bar{\phi}) \big),
\\
\label{eq:Ddd}
\Ddd(x,y;\bar{\phi},\phi) &:=
\gamma_{xy} \cdot
L \nabla_x \phi (x,y) \cdot L \nabla_y \phi(x,y)
+\gamma_{x}\cdot \bar{\phi}(x,y) \cdot L\nabla_x \phi(x,y)
+ \gamma_{y}\cdot \bar{\phi}(x,y) \cdot L\nabla_y \phi(x,y).
\end{align}
Now, insert the expressions~\eqref{eq:phix} for $ L\nabla_x \phi(x,y) $ and $ L\nabla_y \phi(x,y) $ into the r.h.s.\ of~\eqref{eq:Ddd},
and plug the result into~\eqref{eq:hatS2}.
Expand the result accordingly,
we have that, for some bounded, deterministic $ f_{\bk\bk},f_{\bk\bdy},g_{\bk\bdy},\ldots:\mathbb{Z}_{>0}^2 \to \mathbb{R} $,
\begin{align*}
\hat{S}_2
&=
\Av\big( f_{\bk\bk}(\bk_x\bk_y) \big)
+
\Av\big( f_{\bk}\bk_x+g_{\bk}\bk_y) \big)
+
\Av\big( f_{\bk\bdy}\bk_x\bdy_y+g_{\bk\bdy}\bk_y\bdy_x\big)
+
\Av\big( f_{\bdy}\bdy_x+g_\bdy\bdy_y\big)
+
\Av\big( f_{\bdy\bdy}\bdy_x\bdy_y\big)
\\
&:= K_{\bk\bk} + K_{\bk} + K_{\bk\bdy}+K_{\bdy} + K_{\bdy\bdy}.
\end{align*}
Write $ \norm{\,\Cdot\,}_k := (\Ex[|\,\Cdot\,|^k])^{1/k} $ for the $ k $-th norm.
By triangle inequality and Cauchy--Schwarz inequality, for $ p \geq 1 $,
\begin{align*}
\norm{ K_{\bk\bk} }_{p}
&\leq
\Av\big( |f_{\bk\bk}|\cdot(\norm{\bk_x}_{2p}\norm{\bk_y}_{2p}) \big),
\\
\norm{ K_{\bk} }_{p}
&\leq
\Av\big( (|f_{\bk}|+|g_{\bk}|)\cdot(\norm{\bk_x}_p + \norm{\bk_y}_p) \big),
\\
\norm{ K_{\bk\bdy} }_{p}
&\leq
\Av\big( (|f_{\bk\bdy}|+|g_{\bk\bdy}|)\cdot(\norm{\bk_x}_{2p}\norm{\bdy_y}_{2p} + \norm{\bk_y}_{2p}\norm{\bdy_x}_{2p}) \big).
\end{align*}
Given that $ f_{\bk\bk} $ and $ f_{\bk\bdy} $ are bounded,
apply Lemma~\ref{lem:ptmom} gives $ \norm{ K_{\bk\bk} }_{1}, \norm{ K_{\bk} }_{2}, \norm{ K_{\bk\bdy} }_{1} \to 0 $.
It now remains to show that $ K_{\bdy}, K_{\bdy\bdy} \to_\text{P} 0 $.
From~\eqref{eq:bdy:contraction} and \eqref{eq:condVar-xi},
it is not hard to check that $ \Ex[\bdy_x(x,y)^2] \not\to 0 $ (so our bound in Lemma~\ref{lem:ptmom} is sharp).
Given this situation, unlike in the preceding,
here we cannot apply triangle inequality to pass $ \norm{ \,\Cdot\, }_{1} $ into the sum $ \Av $.
Instead, we need to exploit the averaging effect of $ \Av $.
This is done in the following Lemma, which completes the proof.
\begin{lem}
Given deterministic $ f:\mathbb{Z}_{>0}^2\to\mathbb{R} $ and $ a<\infty $, we have that
\begin{align}
\label{eq:bdydecay}
\Ex\Big[ \Big( L^{-2}\sum_{x,y\in[0,aL]\cap\mathbb{Z}} f(x,y) \bdy_{\alpha}(x,y) \Big)^2 \Big]
&\leq
c(a)L^{-1}\norm{f}_{L^\infty(\mathbb{Z}_{>0}^2)}^2,
\quad
\alpha=x,y,
\\
\label{eq:bdy2decay}
\Ex\Big[ \Big( L^{-2}\sum_{x,y\in[0,aL]\cap\mathbb{Z}} f(x,y) \bdy_{x}(x,y)\bdy_{y}(x,y) \Big)^2 \Big]
&\leq
c(a)L^{-1}\norm{f}_{L^\infty(\mathbb{Z}_{>0}^2)}^2,
\end{align}
In particular, $ \norm{K_{\bk}}_2 + \norm{K_{\bdy\bdy}}_2 \to 0 $.
\end{lem}
\begin{proof}
Fixing $ a\in[1,\infty) $ and $ f:\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}^2 \to \mathbb{R} $.
To simplify notation, throughout the proof we write $ c=c(a) $,
and, always assume (without explicitly stating) that variables $ x,y,x_1 $, etc., are in $ [0,aL]\cap\mathbb{Z} $.
We begin with the bound~\eqref{eq:bdydecay}.
Take $ \alpha=x $ to simplifyy notation.
Calculate the l.h.s.\ of~\eqref{eq:bdydecay} from~\eqref{eq:bdy}.
By Lemma~\ref{lem:bound-R}, the variables $ \xi^\text{d}(x,y) $, $ x,y\in\mathbb{Z}_{>0}^2 $ are uncorrelated, so
\begin{align*}
\text{l.h.s.\ of }\eqref{eq:bdydecay}
&=
L^{-2} \sum_{(x_1,y_1),(x_2,y_2)} \sum_{y'_1,y'_2}
\Big(\prod_{i=1}^2 f(x_i,y_i) \rieI(0,y_i-y'_i) \Big)\Ex\big[\xi^\text{d}(x_1+1,y'_1)\xi^\text{d}(x_2+1,y'_2)\big]
\\
&=
L^{-2} \sum_{(x_1,y_1),(x_2,y_2),x_1=x_2} \sum_{y}
\Big( \prod_{i=1}^2 f(x_i,y_i) \rieI(0,y_i-y) \Big) \Ex\big[\xi^\text{d}(x_1+1,y)^2\big].
\end{align*}
By Lemma~\ref{lem:bound-R}, the Riemann function $ \rieI $ is bounded,
and by Lemma~\ref{lem:cond-mom-xi}, $ \Ex[\xi^\text{d}(x_1+1,y)^2] \leq cL^{-3} $.
With $ x_i,y_i,y \in [0,aL]\cap\mathbb{Z} $, the number of terms within the sum is $ \leq cL^{3+1} $.
From this we conclude
\begin{align*}
\text{l.h.s.\ of }\eqref{eq:bdydecay}
\leq
cL^{-2} L^{3+1}\norm{f}_{L^\infty(\mathbb{Z}_{>0}^2)}^2 L^{-3}
\leq
cL^{-{1}}\norm{f}_{L^\infty(\mathbb{Z}_{>0}^2)}^2.
\end{align*}
We now move onto~\eqref{eq:bdy2decay}.
Similarly to the preceding, we calculate
\begin{align}
\begin{split}
\label{eq:bdy:contration4}
\text{l.h.s.\ of }\eqref{eq:bdy2decay}
=
\sum_{(x_1,y_1),(x_2,y_2)} \sum_{x'_1,x'_2,y'_1,y'_2}
&\Big(\prod_{i=1}^2 f(x_i,y_i) \rieI(0,y_i-y'_i) \rieI(x_i-x'_i,0) \Big)
\\
&
\cdot
\Ex\Big[\prod_{i=1}^2\xi^\text{d}(x_i+1,y'_i)\prod_{i=1}^2\xi^\text{d}(x_i',y_i+1)\Big].
\end{split}
\end{align}
To bound the r.h.s.\ of~\eqref{eq:bdy:contration4}, we proceed by discussing the relative location of the following four points where $\xi^\text{d}$ is evaluated:
\begin{align*}
(x(s_1),y(s_1)):=(x_1+1,y'_1),
&\qquad
(x(s_2),y(s_2)):=(x_2+1,y'_2),
\\
(x(s_3),y(s_3)):=(x_3',y_3+1),
&\qquad
(x(s_4),y(s_4)):=(x_4',y_4+1).
\end{align*}
Here, $s_i \in\mathbb{Z}_{> 0} $ denotes the order of the point under the linear ordering~\eqref{eq:linord}.
For example, if $ (x_2+1,y'_2)=(2,2) $, $ s_2=3 $.
Let $ s_{*}=\max\{s_1,\ldots,s_4\} $ denote the maximal order among the four points,
and let $ \filtnoi(t) := \sigma(\xi^\text{d}(x(1),y(1)),\ldots,\xi^\text{d}(x(t),y(t))) $
denote the canonical filtration of $\xi^\text{d}(x,y) $ under the linear ordering~\eqref{eq:linord}.
\begin{enumerate}
\item \label{bk:1-}
The point $(x(s_*),y(s_*))$
is separated from the other three points.\\
In this case, first take conditional expectation $ \Ex[\,\Cdot\,|\filtnoi(s_*-1)] $,
with the aid of~\eqref{eq:condE-xi}, we have
\begin{align*}
\Ex\Big[ \!\!\!\! \prod_{s\in\{s_1,\cdots,s_4\}} \!\!\!\! \xi^\text{d}(x(s),y(s)) \Big]
=
\Ex\Big[\prod_{s\neq s_*}\xi^\text{d}(x(s),y(s)) \, \Ex\big[\xi^\text{d}(x(s_*),y(s_*))|\filtnoi(s_* -1)\big] \Big] = 0.
\end{align*}
\item \label{bk:211}
The point $ (x(s_*),y(s_*)) $ is identical with another point,
and the other two points are separated.\\
Take $ s_1=s_2>s_3>s_4 $ to simplify notation, and other permutations follows exactly the same.
In this case, take conditional expectation $ \Ex[\,\Cdot\,|\filtnoi(s_{1}-1)] $, $ \Ex[\,\Cdot\,|\filtnoi(s_{3}-1)] $,
and $ \Ex[\,\Cdot\,|\filtnoi(s_{4}-1)] $ in order,
using Lemma~\ref{lem:cond-mom-xi} for $ k=2,1,1 $, respectively, we have
\begin{align*}
\Ex\Big[ \!\!\!\! \prod_{s\in\{s_1,\cdots,s_4\}} \!\!\!\! \xi^\text{d}(x(s),y(s)) \Big]
\leq c L^{-2-1} L^{-1-1} L^{-1-1} = cL^{-7}.
\end{align*}
\item \label{bk:22}
The point $ (x(s_*),y(s_*)) $ is identical with another point,
and the other two points are identical. \\
Take $ s_1=s_2>s_3=s_4 $ to simplify notation, and other permutations follows exactly the same.
In this case, take conditional expectation $ \Ex[\,\Cdot\,|\filtnoi(s_{1}-1)] $, $ \Ex[\,\Cdot\,|\filtnoi(s_{3}-1)] $
in order,
using Lemma~\ref{lem:cond-mom-xi} for $ k=2,2 $, respectively, we have
\begin{align*}
\Ex\Big[ \!\!\!\! \prod_{s\in\{s_1,\cdots,s_4\}} \!\!\!\! \xi^\text{d}(x(s),y(s)) \Big]
\leq c L^{-1-2} L^{-1-2} = cL^{-6}.
\end{align*}
\item \label{bk:31}
The point $ (x(s_*),y(s_*)) $ is identical with two other points,
and the fourth point is separated.\\
Take $ s_1=s_2=s_3>s_4 $ to simplify notation, and other permutations follows exactly the same.
In this case, take conditional expectation $ \Ex[\,\Cdot\,|\filtnoi(s_{1}-1)] $, $ \Ex[\,\Cdot\,|\filtnoi(s_{4}-1)] $
in order,
using Lemma~\ref{lem:cond-mom-xi} for $ k=3,1 $, respectively, we have
\begin{align*}
\Ex\Big[ \!\!\!\! \prod_{s\in\{s_1,\cdots,s_4\}} \!\!\!\! \xi^\text{d}(x(s),y(s)) \Big]
\leq c L^{-1-3} L^{-1-1} = cL^{-6}.
\end{align*}
\item \label{bk:4}
All four points are together.\\
Using Lemma~\ref{lem:cond-mom-xi} for $ k=4 $ gives
\begin{align*}
\Ex\Big[ \!\!\!\! \prod_{s\in\{s_1,\cdots,s_4\}} \!\!\!\! \xi^\text{d}(x(s),y(s)) \Big]
\leq c L^{-1-4} = cL^{-5}.
\end{align*}
\end{enumerate}
\noindent
Now, with $ x_i,y_i \in [0,aL]\cap\mathbb{Z} $, the number of terms
within the sum in~\eqref{eq:bdy:contration4} is of order $ L^{8} $.
Each contraction of points reduce the number of terms by $ L^{-2} $.
For example, the number of terms corresponding the case \eqref{bk:211} is $ \leq cL^{8-2} $,
because $ (x(s_*),y(s_*)) $
being joined once amounts to contracting one point.
Following this line of reasoning, the number of terms
within each cases~\eqref{bk:211}--\eqref{bk:4}
are bounded by $ cL^{6} $, $ cL^{4} $, $ cL^{4} $, $ cL^{2} $, respectively.
From these discussions, we bound the r.h.s.\ of~\eqref{eq:bdy:contration4} by
\begin{align*}
\text{l.h.s.\ of }\eqref{eq:bdydecay}
\leq
cL^{6-7}+cL^{4-6}+cL^{4-6}+cL^{2-5} \leq cL^{-1}.
\end{align*}
This concludes the proof.
\end{proof}
\bibliographystyle{alphaabbr}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaArXiv"
} |
The Pedal Power Point is a stationary bike that charges mobile phones, and will feature at the Richmond Library between 27 June and 27 July. The project will hopefully be well received by the Yarra City community and we imagine this could be popular with youth as it it is a fun way to learn about energy conservation.
The project is funded by Yarra City Council and is run under the auspices of the Yarra Energy Foundation. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Loris är ett släkte i familjen lorier som tillhör ordningen primater.
Systematik, utbredning och hotstatus
I släktet ingår två arter:
Loris tardigradus (spenslig lori) är endemisk på Sri Lanka. Arten räknas av IUCN på grund av habitatförlust som starkt hotad (endangered), och hela beståndet uppskattas med 1 500 till 2 500 vuxna individer.
Loris lydekkerianus förekommer i södra Indien samt i norra och östra delar av Sri Lanka. Arten är inte sällsynt och därför betraktas den av IUCN som livskraftig.
Båda arter vistas i olika sorters skogar, ofta med tät undervegetation.
Det vetenskapliga släktnamnet bildas av nederländska loeris (gycklare) och syftar på djurens utseende.
Kännetecken
Arterna kännetecknas av deras smärta bål och långa lemmar. De når en kroppslängd mellan 18 och 26 centimeter, de har ingen svans. Vikten ligger mellan 85 och 300 gram. Loris tardigradus har på ovansidan en rödaktig till rödbrun päls medan Loris lydekkerianus päls är mera gråbrun, buken är hos båda arter ljusare till vitaktig. Det andra fingret och tån är förminskade. Huvudet utmärks av stora runda ögon med brunaktig päls omkring. Mellanväggen mellan ögonen har förminskats till ett minimum. Även öronen är runda och de saknar hår runt kanten
Levnadssätt
Arterna är aktiva på natten och vistas främst i träd. På dagen vilar de i ett trädhål. De rör sig vanligen långsamma bland grenarna, med sina modifierade fingrar får de särskilt bra grepp. Individerna är mer sociala än hos andra lorier, ofta syns flera individer som vilar tillsammans.
Födan utgörs främst av insekter. I viss mån äter de även små ryggradsdjur, fågelägg och olika växtämnen som frukter och unga skott.
Hannarnas revir överlappar med flera honors revir och de para sig med varandra. Dräktigheten varar i cirka 170 dagar och sedan föds vanligen en enda unge. Ungen avvänjas efter 6 till 7 månader och den blir könsmogen efter ungefär 10 månader. Individer i fångenskap kan bli upp till 15 år gamla.
Referenser
Noter
Tryckta källor
Thomas Geissmann: Vergleichende Primatologie, Springer-Verlag, 2003,
Externa länkar
Primater
Loridae
Ugglan
fr:Loris | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia"
} |
If there is one thing that all homes in San Diego and the surrounding areas need, it's a reliable air conditioning system. At Global Warming & Cooling, we go above and beyond to ensure that our customers are kept cool and comfortable year-round. Our licensed and certified HVAC contractors have experience working with all types of air conditioning units in San Diego and the suburbs of Mira Mesa, Rancho Bernardo, Poway, and Rancho Penasquitos.
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AC repair. No matter the age or type of AC system you have, our HVAC contractors in Poway will know how to diagnose and repair your system. We sell our parts at wholesale, saving customers money. For your peace of mind, we also have a guarantee on all parts and labor. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Art in Mind creatively addresses the age old question of Why Art Matters through interviews with international and Australian artists from a diversity of backgrounds and in a variety of artistic disciplines.
Wadawurrung Elder and self-taught artist Marlene Gilson started painting just over ten years ago at the age of 64 and hasn't stopped since. She is driven to paint her people back into the picture and back into history. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Q: Lauch a web application stored in a Docker volume I fail to start my web application by typing: localhost:8080/opt/tomcat/webapps
Instead of the web application I get a blank page.
I typed the following command to create a container with attached volume to store my webapp:
sudo docker run -d -p 8080:8080 -p 8009:8009 -v /opt/tomcat/webapps:/opt/tomcat/webapps dordoka/tomcat
| {
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What character in a book would you most like to be? What character in a book would you most like to date?
I would love to be April from Ten Things We Did (and Probably Shouldn't Have) because at sixteen, what teenager wouldn't want to have independence from their parents? Or maybe Ginny from 13 Little Blue Envelopes simply because I'd absolutely love to go to Europe! As for what character I'd like to date, I'd have to go with--well, actually I'm drawing a blank (sort of). I want to say Barrons, but I think his relationship with Mac is so perfect that I'd hate to interfere with it!
There are so many great bloggers though! Yes, I'm aware that I just gave a non-answer. xD To be really, really honest, I'd say that I'd love to meet Kristi from The Story Siren, Ginger from GReads, or Caroline from Bon Bons and Reveries.
I just finished 13 Little Blue Envelopes and it would be amazing to be travelling around Europe like that. Happy Weekend!
Happy Follow Friday! I've never read 13 Little Blue Envelopes but it sounds interesting. Barrons, on the other hand, come to mama, lol!
I'm a new follower and would love for you to check out my blog.
Oh, I totally agree about your comment on Barrons! I'm not sure he'd fit with anyone BUT Mac, to be honest!
Happy Friday! I'm following your blog now. :) I haven't read 13 Blue Envelopes yet but I've heard a lot of good things about it.
I had a hard time picking characters for this week's question!
I'm currently planning a mini-hop through Europe (well, the Netherlands and Germany...) with my husband and it's stupidly fun! Even just to plan!
New follower and great choices!
I must go visit Bon Bon's.. blog! Love that name!
Oh, any character that goes to/lives in Europe would be a great character to replace! | {
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Regions of Turkey
Travel Reports
Topkapı Palace
Shortly after the conquest of Constantinople, Mehmed the Conqueror began the construction of a new palace on the hill where in antiquity the acropolis of Byzantium was located. For almost four centuries, until Sultan Abdülmecid I moved his residence in 1853 to Dolmabahçe Palace, the sultans lived in the Topkapi Palace (Topkapı Sarayı in Turkish) or Seraglio as it became known in the West. Unlike European palaces, Topkapı Sarayı, meaning Gate of the Cannon, is actually a large complex of pavilions and gardens built around 4 major courtyards. One of those pavilions was a shore palace that was known as the Topkapi shore palace, as it was situated near the cannon gate - Top Kapı - of the ancient walls of Istanbul. When this shore palace burned down in 1863, it lent its name to the great complex we now know as Topkapi Palace. In 1924 the palace was reopened as a museum by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.
Sights & Photos of Topkapı Palace
If you visit first Gülhane Park and the Archaeological Museums Complex, then you arrive immediately in the first court at the main entrance to the palace that is formed by the Bab-üs-Selam (Gate-of-Greeting), also known as Ortakapı (Middle Gate). The Bab-üs-Selam leads to the second courtyard, the Divan Meydanı. Here are the imperial kitchens, where part of the palace's collection Chinese celadon porcelain is exhibited. Opposite, at the west side, is the Kubbealtı (meaning under the dome) or Divan Salonu where the Imperial Council or Divan used to meet. Next to it is also the entrance to the famous harem. The word harem in Arabic means forbidden and refers to the private section of a household where women live and work. The harem of the Topkapi palace was like a labyrinth composed of 400 rooms, 10 bathrooms (hamam), fountains, corridors and secret passages.
The Bab-üs-Saadet or Gate-of-Felicity leads to the third court (Enderun) of the Topkapi Palace with its various pavilions. Here is also the Treasury Room located where the world-famous emerald sheathed Topkapi dagger and the 86 carat Kaşıkcı or Spoon Maker's diamond, surrounded by 49 brilliants, are on display (photography not allowed).
The Konyali restaurant and cafeteria is the place for a rest, some refreshments, an excellent meal, and a breath-taking view of the Bosphorus. A covered path leads from the Treasury Room to the fourth court with the Lale (Tulip) garden, the Baghdad Pavilion and the Iftariye Kiosk. The elegant Iftariye or Kameriye Kiosk bears the inscription 1640. This gilded porch was, during summer, the chosen site for the sultan during Ramazan - the month of fasting - towards sunset and the end of the daily fast. Next to it, the Baghdad Pavilion is octagonal in plan with two doors that open up to a single chamber. The pavilion dates from 1639 and owes its existence to the Baghdad Campaign of Sultan Murat IV during which it was built. It was used as a coffeehouse for the sultans.
We leave the palace through the Bab-i Hümayün or Imperial Gate, the first gate which is actually the main entrance to the museum for organized tours. Just outside Topkapi palace, there is the very elegant Sultan Ahmet Çeşmesi. This fountain was built on the command of Ahmet III in 1728 and is, without doubt, the most beautiful of its kind. Its projecting roof is topped with five small domes, and the monument is decorated with beautiful tiles and fine inscriptions.
https://www.turkeyphotoguide.com/topkapi-palace#sigProIda5e2a22a34
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Copyright © 2023 Turkey Photo Guide | {
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The protection of our environment is important for human health. The adverse impacts of the environment on health are therefore important to the Council.
The Environmental Protection Team mainly deals with the smoke emissions from domestic and industrial premises and noise as well as enforcing the provisions of pollution, prevention and control at prescribed processes. We also monitor air quality throughout the Borough through the declaration of air quality management areas and the implementation of air quality action plans.
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Health and Safety affects people and businesses throughout the Borough and beyond. It forms an essential part of our lives in a number of different ways.
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Environmental health has an important contribution to make to improving public health and reducing health inequalities.
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01/14/2020 by Brad Rich
Post-Florence renourishment project for Bogue Banks is expected to begin in early February. Map: Carteret County Shore Protection Office.
Reprinted from the Carteret County News-Times
EMERALD ISLE — Bogue Banks' next beach nourishment project is ready to roll, with dredging and pumping of sand set to begin the first week of February, a little earlier than originally planned.
Greg Rudolph, manager of the Carteret County Shore Protection Office, met Wednesday with town and county officials, representatives of county beach engineering firm Moffatt & Nichol and dredge contractor, Great Lakes Dredge and Dock Co., of Illinois, for a preconstruction session.
He said everything went well, and "kicked off" the $28.2 million Phase 2 Hurricane Florence sand replacement project in western Atlantic Beach, all of Pine Knoll Shores, a small part of Salter Path and a part of western Emerald Isle.
"The one caveat is that when you hear a date, you have to remember that it's kind of like building a house," he said. "You can know a lot of things, but you can't know, for example, exactly when the electrical contractor is going to show up and wire the master bedroom."
Rudolph said an area at The Circle district in Atlantic Beach will serve as the "main staging area for the land-based pipe that will move the sand east-to-west down the island as it is pumped ashore from the borrow site" in the ocean off the town.
This is a detailed map of the work expected to take place in Atlantic Beach. Map: Carteret County Shore Protection Office
The company's smaller dredge, the Liberty Island, will arrive onsite first and will generally progress and "leapfrog" east to west from Atlantic Beach and continue into Pine Knoll Shores, Rudolph said Thursday.
"At some point in mid-March the larger hopper dredge, the Ellis Island, will relieve the Liberty Island and continue leapfrogging down the beach to finish the effort in west Emerald Isle before the (Thursday) April 30 environmental window closes for the sea turtle nesting season and other biological resources," he added.
Rudolph said Great Lakes should begin mobilizing land- and water-based pipe, heavy equipment and personnel this month.
Once things get underway, the dredges will travel and discharge sand through a buoyed pick-up pipeline offshore that transitions to the preconstruction dry beach via a submerged pipeline assembly, Rudolph said.
A secondary elbow connection is used to transport material in one direction (east), then the other direction (west) along the beach to complete approximately 1- to 2-mile sections as lengths of pipe are added and subsequently broken down.
Heavy equipment spreads the sand and shapes the constructed beach.
The project will involve 1.995 million cubic yards of sand. Western Emerald Isle, Salter Path, Pine Knoll Shores and western Atlantic Beach will receive 345,000, 140,000, 990,000 and 520,000 cubic yards of sand, respectively, along 9.5 miles of beach.
This map of Pine Knoll Shores shows the anticipated work to be done during the 2020 beach renourishment project. Map: Carteret County Shore Protection Office
A conventional dump truck holds about 12 cubic yards of wet sand, Rudolph said, so the total sand involved equates to about 167,000 dump truck loads.
The Liberty Island has a maximum capacity of 6,540 cubic yards and the Ellis Island has a capacity of 14,800 cubic yards under optimal conditions.
In a post on the Carteret County Shore Protection Office website, Rudolph added that project engineers will use prepositioned stations along the beach to monitor progress and verify volumes of sand added in those locations.
A detailed map of the project in Salter Path. Map: Carteret County Shore Protection Office
Regarding the financial aspect of the project, the Federal Emergency Management Agency has approved $34 million to reimburse Bogue Banks towns for sand lost during Hurricane Florence in September 2018, and that money will be available if needed to pay for this project when bills come due at completion. Alternately, it could be used in a future project.
The county completed Phase 1 of the Hurricane Florence sand replacement project in April 2019, placing about 1 million cubic yards of sand on beaches in eastern Emerald Isle, most of Salter Path and all of Indian Beach.
details for the renourishment expected in west Emerald Isle. Map: Carteret County Shore Protection Office
The project to begin in February will be funded largely by about $12 million from the beach nourishment fund, which gets half of the money from the county's occupancy tax, and $15.3 million from $18 million the North Carolina General Assembly set aside last year to help local governments nourish beaches after Hurricane Florence, which robbed Bogue Banks of about 3.6 million cubic yards of sand.
Unlike in the past, the towns will not have to pony up money for the February-through-April project. The towns will, however, reimburse the county for money the county "up-fronted" for the project last year. All that reimbursement money to the county will come from funds reimbursed to the towns by FEMA for the cost of replacing sand lost during Florence.
This story is provided courtesy of the Carteret County News-Times, a tri-weekly newspaper published in Morehead City. Coastal Review Online partners with the News-Times to provide our readers with news of the North Carolina coast.
Prev:Bill Would Require More Changes at DEQ
Next:Corps Funds Bogue, Topsail Sand Projects
Brad Rich
Brad Rich is a reporter for the Carteret County News-Times in Morehead City. He has written about fishery and environmental issues along the central North Carolina coast for 35 years. He lives in Hubert with his wife, Gwen.
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UNCW Series Examines Climate Challenges | {
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Tarek Tawfik, president of the American Chamber of Commerce (AmCham) in Cairo, said that a major US business delegation comprised of 43 American companies will visit Egypt on Tuesday, to explore prospective business opportunities in the country. Members of the delegation are scheduled to meet with President Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi, along with the prime minister, and members of the economic ministerial group.
Tawfik added that the visit of American companies to Egypt comes within the framework of periodic meetings organised every two years in cooperation between the AmCham, the Egypt-US Business Council (EUSBC), and the AmCham Egypt Inc. in the US.
Among the companies that will participate in the delegation are Apache, the oil and gas giant, Coca-Cola and PepsiCo.
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Moreover, the delegation will include senior representation from the US Trade Development Agency (USTDA), the Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), the Export-Import Bank of the US (Ex-Im), as well as various financial institutions.
Members of the delegation are scheduled to meet with Al-Sisi, and attend a number of events jointly hosted by AmCham Egypt with its partners, which will include the prime minister and a number of ministerial panels, as well as 700 government officials.
"Delegates will underscore the continued commitment and unwavering support of the American business community to Egypt's long-term stability, and economic development, as well as explore prospective business opportunities, " the statement indicated.
Furthermore, according to the statement, this visit comes at a period when Egypt has gone through tough yet successful economic reform measures. These measures have contributed to increasing the level of economic growth to 5.2%, the highest reported during the last seven years. Additionally, the country has witnessed an elevated level of investments in infrastructure and energy projects.
The Chamber said its legislative reform measures provided the basic mechanisms for expanding the activities of companies during the coming period. This led the international financial institutions, such as the IMF, the World Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development to praise the Egyptian economy, as well as improve its credit rating.
According to the latest data from the Central Bank of Egypt, the US's total investment in Egypt during the first nine months of fiscal year (FY) 2017/18 accounted for about $ 1.6bn, while investments in FY 2016/17 amounted to about $1.8bn.
Moreover, according to the Ministry of Trade and Industry, the volume of trade between Egypt and the US in 2017 amounted to about $5.6bn, compared with $4.97bn in 2016, up by 13%. | {
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This page will give you an overview of Spread's current functionality.
For a more in-depth look, see our [Godocs](https://godoc.org/rsprd.com/spread). ###spread deploy **name** `spread deploy` - deploys all objects in a directory to a Kubernetes cluster **synopsis** `spread deploy [-s] PATH | COMMIT [kubectl context]1 **description** Deploys all objects in a directory (local or remote) to a Kubernetes cluster The order of operations for actions taken by `spread deploy`: * Reads context of directory and builds Kubernetes deployment hierarchy. * Updates all Kubernetes objects on a Kubernetes cluster. * Returns an IP address (remote) or port (local), if type Load Balancer is specified. ###spread cluster **name** `spread cluster` - sets up a local Kubernetes cluster **synopsis** `spread cluster (start | stop) [-t]` **description** Starts and stops [localkube](http://github.com/redspread/localkube), a local Kubernetes cluster **options** -t "latest" specifies localkube image tag to use, default is latest ###spread add **name** `spread add` - stage objects to the index **synopsis** `spread add <objectType/objectName>` **description** Stage objects to the index **options** --namespace "default" namespace to look for objects --context kubectl context to use for requests --no-export don't request Kube API server to export objects ###spread commit **name** `spread commit` - create new commit based on current index **synopsis** `spread commit -m <"msg">` **description** Create new commit based on the current index and add a commit message **options** -m Message to store the commit with ###spread push **name** `spread push` - Push references to a remote **synopsis** `spread push <remote> <refSpec>` **description** Push references to a remote ###spread pull **name** `spread pull` - Pull spread data from a remote branch **synopsis** `spread pull <remote> <branch>` **description** Incorporates changes from a remote repository into the current branch. ###spread remote **name** `spread remote` - View/modify versioning remotes **synopsis** `spread remote (add <name> <url> | remove <name> | set-url <name> <url>)` **description** Manages repository remote **options** -m Message to store the commit with ###spread diff **name** `spread diff` - diff index against the state of the cluster **description** Diffs index against the state of the cluster **options** --context kubectl context to use for requests ###spread status **name** `spread status` **description** Information about what's commited, changed, and staged. ###spread init **name** `spread init` **synopsis** `spread init <path>` **description** Create a new spread repository in the given directory. If none is given, the working directory will be used. ###spread git **name** `spread git` - allows access to Git commands while Spread is being built out **description** Allows access to Git commands while Spread is being built out. **options** --context kubectl context to use for requests ###spread link **name** `spread link` - create/remove links on index **synopsis** `spread link <target-url> <attach-point>` ###spread param **name** `spread param` - Set parameters for field values in the index **synopsis** `spread param [-l | -f | -d] <SRI> <name> <prompt>` **options** `-l` list parameters `-f` set Golang format string to use with arguments `-d` set default value, interpreted as JSON **discussion** An SRI represents a parsed Spread Resource Identifier (SRI), a globally unique address for an document or field stored within a repository. | {
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Board of Elections recommends against sending mail ballot applications to all registered voters for September primary
Katherine Gregg
[email protected]
PROVIDENCE — State election officials sent word Wednesday that they do not support sending unsolicited mail ballot applications to every one of Rhode Island's 700,000-plus registered voters for the September primaries.
The unanimous vote, aimed at Secretary of State Nellie Gorbea, came during a two-hour meeting of the Board of Elections that touched on worries about a possible resurgence of the coronavirus in the fall and the chilling effect that could have on voting.
As one of the commissioners who also sits on Gorbea's separate elections task force, Isadore Ramos questioned the value of the "redundancy."
"Now we're talking about the same issues,'' he said. "I've heard it all. It is time to move and make some decisions."
Gorbea's spokesman, Nick Domings, responded:
"Secretary Gorbea always values the Board of Elections' expertise and input. Next steps will be discussed and determined at [Thursday's] task force meeting with members of the Board, local boards of canvassers and the public."
Most of the decisions on what to recommend to the General Assembly and Gov. Gina Raimondo were postponed until the board's next meeting on Monday.
Among the hanging questions: whether to push for the suspension, again, of current requirements for mail ballot voting, such as the presence and signatures of two witnesses or a notary at a mail ballot signing, and of bipartisan pairs at nursing homes for the collection of mail ballots.
The secretary of state's office sent hundreds of thousands of mail ballot applications to registered voters for the June 2 presidential primary, to mixed reviews. A number of voters said they never received the ballots. Thousands arrived too late to be counted. Local election officials said they were slammed.
The board decided time has run short for mounting another statewide mailing for the Sept. 8 primary and is not needed in every community, since there are no statewide elections and at least a third of incumbent state legislators are running unopposed.
The board left the door open to recommending this approach for the November general election.
The rundown from the presidential primary:
*More than 39,000 of the 144,056 mail ballots that were sent out were not counted as votes. Why? Unclear in most cases.
*104,950 voters cast mail ballots, which equates to 83% of the total votes cast.
*At least 2,825 ballots did not count because they were received after the June 2 election-day deadline.
*At least 7,242 mail ballot applications were rejected for defects.
*Approximately 100,000 of the mail ballot applications the state sent to 779,463 registered voters were returned as undeliverable, according to post-election reports from the Board of Elections.
On Twitter:@kathyprojo | {
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Posted inRestaurant & Food News
Restaurant News Bites: Comparing Prices at BevMo! and Total Wine (Hint: There's a Big Difference); Cello's Closes Its Restaurant; and Tons More!
by Jimmy Boegle November 29th, 2016 December 16th, 2020
While Cello's Bistro in Cathedral City has closed, Cello's Pantry in Rancho Mirage remains open. Credit: Cello's Pantry Facebook
BEVMO! Opens in Downtown Palm Springs—but I'm Still Going to Total Wine for the Better Prices
Fans of booze and spirits who reside in the western portion of the Coachella Valley got good news in November, when BevMo! opened at 333 S. Palm Canyon Drive in downtown Palm Springs, in part of the building that formerly housed The Alley.
This is the second valley location for BevMo! The other is located at 79715 Highway 111, in La Quinta.
I reside in Palm Springs, within walking distance of the new BevMo!, and I was looking forward to no longer having to drive to the Total Wine and More at 72339 Highway 111 in Palm Desert when I needed to stock my personal bar.
Then I tried to get a bottle of my go-to bourbon at the Palm Springs BevMo!—and found it was about three bucks more expensive than it is at the lovely Palm Desert Total Wine.
Hmm. That made me wonder: Which of these two mega-booze chains have better prices? Might it still be financially prudent for those of us in Palm Springs and La Quinta (and beyond) to head to Total Wine?
I decided to do a little experiment. I checked the prices at each place of eight spirits and two wines that I happen to have at home: Maker's Mark bourbon (750 milliliters); Evan Williams bourbon (750 ml); Seagram's Extra Dry Gin (1.75 liters); Tanqueray gin (750 ml); Herradura reposado tequila (750 ml); Don Julio blanco tequila (750 ml); Fireball (don't ask why I have it; 750 ml); Ketel One (750 ml); Bogle Vineyards merlot; and Toasted Head cabernet sauvignon.
The verdict? I'm still going to be making the drive to Palm Desert.
The tally (before taxes) for the nine items both BevMo! and Total Wine had—BevMo! does not stock the Toasted Head cabernet, according to the website—came to $179.39 at Total Wine, while it came to $204.91 at BevMo! That's a substantial difference of $25.52, or more than 14 percent.
Total Wine's prices are basically lower across the board: Eight of the nine items were between $1 and $5 cheaper at Total Wine. There was one tie: The Herradura reposado was $38.99 at both places.
Check the prices on your own favorite liquors at www.totalwine.com and www.bevmo.com.
Cello's Bistro Closed; Cello's Pantry, Catering Remain Open
Cello's Bistro, a cute restaurant with yummy food at 35943 Date Palm Drive, in Cathedral City, is no more.
The owners announced the news in an email on Nov. 8.
"After seven seasons, we have decided to close the restaurant," the email said. "This was not an easy decision, but every year when we are off during the summer, we ask ourselves the same question: 'Do we want to open the restaurant this season?' Unfortunately, the answer this year was no. We want to thank all of our lovely and gracious guests who were so supportive to us over the years."
The owners will now focus on Cello's bustling catering business, as well as serving grab-and-go meals at Cello's Pantry, at 70225 Highway 111, in Rancho Mirage. Customers can get breakfast at Cello's Pantry on the weekends, too.
For more information, call 760-328-4200, or visit www.cellospantry.com.
Gelson's Market, at 36101 Bob Hope Drive in Rancho Mirage, is offering several free wine-tastings this coming weekend! Stop in between 3:30 and 6:30 p.m. on Friday, Dec. 2, to try Catena malbec and Fat Bastard chardonnay, and/or Saturday, Dec. 3, between 2 and 5 p.m. for three different Donati wines. Again, tastings are free—and everyone who attends will be entered into a raffle to win a $25 gift card. Call 760-770-0010 for more information. … Mark your calendars: Draughtsman, the "renderer of fine foods and craft beer" from the team behind the Arrive hotel, will mark its for-real grand opening on Monday, Dec. 5. The venue is located at 1501 N. Palm Canyon Drive, in Palm Springs; get more details draughtsmanpalmsprings.com. … The long-delayed and much-anticipated reopening of Bernie's Lounge and Supper Club at 69830 Highway 111 in Rancho Mirage is close enough that management held a job fair just before Thanksgiving. Keep your fingers crossed for an opening around Christmas. Ironically, it was on Christmas day in 2014 when a fire doomed Bernie's at its old location at 292 E. Palm Canyon Drive, in Palm Springs. Watch for updates at www.facebook.com/Berniesfans. … More good news: Rocky's New York Style Pizzeria and Restaurant, at 12856 Palm Drive in Desert Hot Springs, finally reopened in November. Some folks (myself included) feared Rocky's was gone for good after a "summer closure" drifted well into the fall—especially since the building that houses Rocky's was at one point gutted. Peruse the menu at www.rockyspizzadhs.com. … Rubio's, a chain known for its fish tacos and other "coastal" fare, will open another valley location on Thursday, Dec. 8, at 73399 Highway 111 in Palm Desert. … Coming soon to the West Elm building in downtown Palm Springs: Blaze Pizza. The first valley location of the chain can be found in Palm Desert, just down from that new Rubio's. … I was startled to see the building that houses beloved Palm Springs Italian restaurant Johnny Costa's, at 440 S. Palm Canyon Drive, listed for lease on a commercial real estate website. Turns out Johnny Costa's is slated to move sometime in the new year to 333 S. Palm Canyon Drive, the same building the aforementioned new BevMo! calls home. … Village Pub, at 266 S. Palm Canyon Drive in downtown Palm Springs, is celebrating its 21st birthday with a new menu. Find details at www.palmspringsvillagepub.com.
Tagged: bernie's lounge and supper club, bevmo!, blaze pizza, cello's, cello's cathedral city, cello's pantry, draughtsman, gelson's, johnny costa's, rocky's new york style pizzeria, rubio's, total wine, village pub
Jimmy Boegle
Jimmy Boegle is the founding editor and publisher of the Coachella Valley Independent. A native of Reno, Nevada, the Dodgers fan went to Stanford University intending to become a sportswriter—but fell... More by Jimmy Boegle
One reply on "Restaurant News Bites: Comparing Prices at BevMo! and Total Wine (Hint: There's a Big Difference); Cello's Closes Its Restaurant; and Tons More!"
Thanks for doing the footwork, Jimmy. The next time you need someone to conduct liquor store research, I'll volunteer. I guess BevMo has to pay high rent on it's newly refurbished building. | {
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The skilled Italy-based photographer, Dean Miocic plays with light and contrast in his latest black and white series featuring the lovely Giorgia. Enjoy the mood he creates.
Find more B-Authentique shoots on AvaxHome! | {
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See HIDNSEEK Products @ CES 2017 with SIGFOX !
HidnSeek products will be present at CES! It's a great opportunity for you to schedule a meeting with Sigfox representative. Find out all on http://www.sigfox.com/ces-2017-las-vegas-january-5-7. | {
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The Connor McKeon Band will be playing live in The National Concert Hall on November 19th.
After 3 hugely successful sell-out shows join the guys for the hottest party in town and revel in the brilliant hits from Sinatra and Dean Martin right through to Ray Charles, Johnny Cash, Elvis and stars from The Great American Song Book. With a fantastic 24 piece band and some very special guests including vocalist Paul Harrington.
Come along and enjoy an exciting and glitzy night crammed full of amazing hits performed by one of the most charasmatic and entertaining singer ever to perform live at The National Concert Hall. Don't miss out on this spectacular night's entertainment that sets this concert ahead of anything else like it. | {
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Tom Brady Gets Roasted in New Netflix Series Announcement
Nik Rivers
Nik Rivers Published: May 19, 2022
As if the news that Tom Brady is moving to the FOX Broadcast booth after his retirement wasn't bad enough for Bills' fans, now comes the news that he will be starring in his own Netflix series.
We told you a couple of weeks back that Bills' fans are going to have to deal with Tom Brady for at least seven years after he retires, as it was announced that we would be joining the top broadcast crew for the NFL on FOX as the highest-paid analyst in the NFL taking in a reported $20-25 million a season.
Now comes the news that he's going to be invading our TVs and phones via Netflix.
This Tuesday, it was announced that the now unretired Tampa Bay Buccaneers QB will be the Executive Producer of a new streaming series on Netflix called "Greatest Roasts of All Time". Brady himself is set to be the subject of his own roast, which will begin taping in 2023.
The suits at Netflix however, decided to roast Brady in the announcement of the series. Netflix vice president of stand-up and comedy formats Robbie Praw said:
We can't wait to burn three-time Super Bowl-losing quarterback Tom Brady, who only went back to the NFL in order to delay this roast...we know the roast will be a breeze for Brady.
It warms our Western New York hearts to hear TB12 referred to as a "Three-Time Super Bowl Losing Quarterback". Sure, he may have six rings, but there's not enough light shined on the fact that he did lose the big game three times, perhaps most notably when his 18-0 Patriots fell to the New York Giants in Super Bowl XLII.
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Rome, New York Is Back In The Spotlight In New Woodstock '99 Documentary | {
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We are not designed to eat the same thing everyday. Variation, not moderation, is the key to health explains the author in his new book The Hybrid Diet.
You may have thought you knew, but here is an alternative view on the cause of heart attacks by a leading advocate of alternative nutrition and diet methods.
Winter can be a tricky time to avoid all those bugs going round, so here are some suggestions to keep you healthy, and maybe lose some weight too.
Insomnia and disturbed sleep can strike at the best of times. But getting a good night's sleep during the menopause is often harder still.
All you need to know to tackle insomnia and get a restful night without resorting to sleeping pills.
WARNING: Stress can seriously damage your health.
Here's why, and how you can learn to manage it, from a nutritional point of view.
Menopause takes quite a toll on our skin, so here are some helpful tips to keep it looking good.
Summer is the ideal time to diet, as we are less likely to turn to the heavy, rich, comfort foods that we love so much in the winter.
Menopause – Could Bioidentical Hormones be the Answer?
Do bioidentical hormones provide a safer and more effective way of handling menopause problems? This is Patrick Holford's expert opinion.
World Cancer Day occurs once a year, but the threat from cancer is continuous. Patrick Holford is a long-term advocate of the benefits of vitamin C, and here you can learn about its positive benefits and the latest compelling evidence. | {
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Internet & Social Media Law Blog
Published By Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP
Internet & Social Media Team
Warner Bros.'s "Paid to Play" Disclosures Draw FTC Action
by Carolyn S. Toto
Carolyn S. Toto
Earlier this year, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) went after Warner Bros. Home Entertainment Inc. for not clearly representing that several digital influencers were paid as part of a marketing campaign for the video game Middle Earth: Shadow of Mordor. (See our prior posts on FTC enforcement of its disclosure requirements.) According to the complaint, these influencers were paid amounts ranging from hundreds of d ollars to tens of thousands of dollars and received advance-release copies of the game with instructions on how to promote the game. The sponsored videos were viewed more than 5.5 million times. One very popular influencer, Felix Kjellberg, known as "PewDiePie" on YouTube, created a video that has been viewed over 3.7 million times by itself.
While Kjellberg did disclose the video was sponsored by Warner Bros., the disclosure that "[t]his video was sponsored by Warner Brothers" required the viewer to scroll down beneath the video and click on a "Show More" button to see the text. Warner Bros. reportedly told participants to place the disclosure in this location. Another problem is that the disclosures would often end up being completely hidden when embedded onto Facebook or Twitter posts since the "Show More" button does not usually appear when YouTube videos are placed onto those platforms. Accordingly, the FTC found the sponsored content to mislead consumers into thinking they are the objective, independent opinions of video game enthusiasts or influencers.
This week, Warner Bros. settled the charges and the FTC issued an order mandating Warner Bros. to follow guidelines for clear disclosure in future marketing campaigns, including educating influencers on how to properly disclose the relationship, and monitoring for and enforcing compliance.
According to the FTC's Endorsement Guide, the FTC recommends putting the disclosure in the video itself. Due to the nature of YouTube videos, the FTC states the following: "it's easy for consumers to miss disclosures in the video description. Many people might watch the video without even seeing the description page, and those who do might not read the disclosure. The disclosure has the most chance of being effective if it is made clearly and prominently in the video itself. That's not to say that you couldn't have disclosures in both the video and the description."
Although the influencers should bear some responsibility for making proper disclosures, the brunt of the responsibility will inevitably fall on the company paying for the advertisements (and that is who the FTC focuses upon). Thus, companies need to be aware of the FTC disclosure requirements and keep abreast of any updates to these requirements so that they can inform hired creators of disclosure obligations and monitor the same.
Ultimately, it does not pay to play games with the FTC—an easy-to-miss disclosure may be viewed the same as having none at all.
Posted in: Advertising and Federal Trade Commission
Tagged: disclosure, FTC and warner bros.
Updated: July 13, 2016 12:07 pm
The Internet & Social Media Law Blog addresses legal issues surrounding the latest technological developments and social media trends. Blog contributors help companies establish and maintain an online presence, optimize business opportunities, overcome hurdles and mitigate risk.
Augmented Reality (41)
California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) (4)
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725 S Figueroa St #2800
Copyright © 2021, Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP | {
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G.R. NOS. 141593-94 - MELENCIO BERBOSO, ET AL. v. HON. COURT OF APPEALS, ET AL.
[G.R. NOS. 141593-94 : July 12, 2006]
MELENCIO BERBOSO AND CONCEPCION BERBOSO, Petitioners, v. HON. COURT OF APPEALS, BELEN CARLOS, CORAZON CARLOS, AND JKM INTERNATIONAL, Respondents.
CHICO-NAZARIO, J.:
Before Us is a Petition for Review of the Decision1 in the consolidated cases of CA-G.R. SP No. 41568 and No. 42122 of the Court of Appeals dated 29 December 1996, which affirmed the 1 March 1996 Decision of the Office of the President in O.P. Case No. 5994 and the 25 June 1996 Decision and 16 September 1996 Resolution of the Department of Agrarian Reform Adjudication Board2 (DARAB) in DARAB Case No. 1283. In its Decision, the Court of Appeals directed the Register of Deeds, Meycauayan, Bulacan, to cancel Transfer Certificates of Title (TCTs) No. EP-149-M and No. EP-150-M and to reinstate cancelled TCTs No. T-114000 (M), 120510 (M), 102513 (M), 120514 (M), 120516 (M), and 120517 (M) in the name of herein private respondent JKM INTERNATIONAL, INC. (JKM), as well as TCTs No. 122924 (M) and 122925 (M) in the name of Wong Lee Lee.
Culled from the records are the following facts:
On 29 November 1973, herein private respondents Belen and Corazon Carlos, together with Manuel, Alberto, Antonio and Rafaelito, all surnamed Carlos, filed with the Bureau of Land Acquisition, Distribution and Development of the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR), a joint request for the conversion of their parcel of land consisting of 48.2789 hectares of unirrigated riceland situated at Calvario, Iba, and Camalig, Meycauayan, Bulacan, and covered by TCTs No. 48182 and No. 48183 issued by the Register of Deeds of Meycauayan, Bulacan.
On 22 January 1975, DAR Secretary Conrado F. Estrella issued an Order3 declaring the said parcels of land suitable for residential, commercial, industrial and other urban purposes. The dispositive portion thereof reads:
In view of the foregoing, and considering the parcels of land subject hereof to be suitable for residential, commercial, industrial or other urban purposes as verified and recommended by the Department of Local Government and Community Development and the Agrarian Reform Team Leader concerned, the course and the parcels of land subject hereof are hereby declared suitable for residential, commercial,, industrial and other urban purposes subject however, to the provisions of Presidential Decree 406 and other Presidential Decrees, Letters of Instruction, Memoranda and General Orders which may hereafter be promulgated as declared by the President in his land policy speech.
It is understood further, that the possession of the agricultural tenant-farmers concerned of their respective landholdings shall not be disturbed until they are duly paid and their landholdings shall already be developed for urban purposes whereby their continuous possession thereof is no longer tenable.
Pursuant to the 22 January 1975 Order, private respondents Carloses effected the payment of the compensation due their agricultural tenants. However, herein petitioners Melencio and Concepcion Berboso, successors-in-interest of one of their original tenants, Macario Berboso, refused to vacate their landholdings.
On 1 September 1989, private respondents Carloses filed with the DARAB Region III a Petition4 for Confirmation of the Order of Conversion and for the Determination of the Amount of Disturbance Compensation docketed as DARAB Case No. 101-Bul '89. On 7 October 1989, private respondents Carloses and Emiliano Berboso, brother of herein petitioners Berbosos and the named respondent in DARAB Case No. 101-Bul '89, filed with the DARAB a Joint Motion5 to Determine the Amount of Disturbance Compensation due to the respondent/tenant agreeing to abide with the decision of the Board. On 16 October 1989, private respondent Corazon Carlos executed a Deed of Absolute Sale of Real Property in favor of their co-respondent herein JKM which involves one parcel of land consisting of 20,186 square meters covered by TCT No. T-225598 on even date, private respondent Belen Carlos executed another Deed of Absolute Sale of Real Property also in favor of JKM which involves one parcel of land consisting of 20,110 square meters covered by TCT No. T-58059. The said parcels of land sold by private respondents Carloses to JKM are the subjects of the dispute between the private respondents Carloses and JKM, on one hand, and petitioners Berbosos, on the other.
In its Decision6 dated 18 December 1989, the DARAB ordered private respondents Carloses to pay Emiliano Berboso the total amount of P112,644.00 equivalent to five years disturbance compensation.
On 15 January 1990, Emiliano Berboso filed with the DARAB a Motion7 to Set Aside the 18 December 1989 Decision of the DARAB assailing therein the amount of disturbance compensation. He, together with the other petitioners Berbosos, asserted that he is entitled to either the thirty percent (30%) physical portion of the lot, or the equivalent value thereof in cash, as disturbance compensation. He further asserted that petitioners Berbosos, being tenants of the subject land, should have been included also as parties in the Joint Motion filed in DARAB Case No. 101-Bul '89.
Private respondents Carloses presented a photocopy of Official Receipt No. 33121028 dated 29 January 1990 which states that the same was issued by the DAR to them upon payment of P112,644.00 as disturbance compensation pursuant to the 18 December 1989 Decision.
On 12 February 1990, Emiliano Berboso filed a Supplemental Motion in support of his earlier Motion to Set Aside the 18 December 1989 Decision which included a Joint Affidavit9 executed by her co-petitioners which Motions were denied by the DARAB. The DARAB, upon motion of private respondents Carloses, issued a Writ of Execution10 on 21 February 1990 to enforce the Decision dated 18 December 1989.
On 5 March 1990, Emiliano Berboso filed with the Court of Appeals a Petition for Review11 of the 18 December 1989 Decision of the DARAB docketed as CA-G.R.SP No. 20147.
Meanwhile, on motion of private respondents Carloses, the DARAB issued a Writ of Possession12 dated 13 September 1990 against Emiliano Berboso.
On 26 December 1990, petitioners Berbosos filed an Action for Maintenance of Peaceful Possession, Damages, and Injunction13 against private respondents Carloses before the DARAB, docketed as DARAB CaseNo. 217-Bul '90, alleging therein that the enforcement of the said Writ of Possession would unjustly deprive them of possession of their land since the land being tilled and tenanted by their brother Emiliano Berboso is separate and distinct from the land they are tenanting from private respondents Carloses, and that they have their own tenanted areas of cultivation which are separate and distinct from that of their brother Emiliano Berboso.
Upon motion of private respondents Carloses, the DARAB issued on 16 May 1991 an Alias Writ of Execution14 against Emiliano Berboso. The same, however, was not implemented because Emiliano Berboso refused to sign and acknowledge the Alias Writ of Execution served upon him by Sheriff Armando G. Dionisio.
On 25 March 1992, petitioners Berbosos filed a Petition15 before the DARAB, docketed as DARAB Case No. 368-Bul '92, seeking to exercise their right of redemption under Republic Act No. 3844,16 as amended. They similarly prayed for the reversion of the subject land to its original agricultural use contending that private respondent JKM had already started utilizing the said land by bulldozing it. Finally, they deposited with the Regional Agrarian Reform Adjudicators (RARAD) the amount of P1,000,000.00 as redemption money. DARAB Case No. 368-Bul'92 was consolidated with DARAB Case No. 217-Bul '90.
On 26 March 1992, the Court of Appeals rendered a Decision17 in CA-G.R. SP No. 20147, denying Emiliano Berboso's Petition for Review, thus:
WHEREFORE, the instant petition and the motion to remand the same to the DARAB are hereby DENIED for lack of merit. Accordingly, the motion for the issuance of a writ of injunction to enjoin the enforcement of the decision is likewise denied and DARAB Case No. 101-Bul '89 is hereby remanded to the public respondent for further proceedings.
On 9 December 1992, petitioners Berbosos filed before the DAR Secretary a Petition18 for the Cancellation of the Conversion Order dated 22 January 1975 of previous DAR Secretary Estrella.
On 9 February 1993, the Provincial Agrarian Reform Adjudication Board (PARAB) rendered a Decision19 dismissing the consolidated DARAB Cases No. 217-Bul '90 and No. 368-Bul '92. The dispositive portion reads:
WHEREFORE, premises considered, judgment is hereby rendered:
1. Ordering the dismissal of the above-mentioned cases for lack of basis and/or for being moot and academic;
2. Ordering the plaintiffs/petitioners [petitioner Berbosos] to vacate and restore to the defendants' JKM INTERNATIONAL INC. [private respondent JKM] the portion being in their present possession; andcralawlibrary
3. All other claims are hereby dismissed likewise, for lack of any legal and factual basis.
Petitioners Berbosos appealed the aforesaid Decision to the DARAB Head Office at Quezon City, which was docketed as DARAB CaseNo. 1283.
On 5 January 1994, the DAR Secretary Ernesto D. Garilao issued an Order20 granting the Motion for Cancellation of the Conversion Order dated 22 January 1975, to wit:
WHEREFORE, Order is hereby issued granting the Petition and the Order dated January 22, 1975 is hereby declared null and void for lack of due process. The 6.2789 hectares shall be covered by operation land transfer pursuant to Presidential Decree No. 27 which includes the 4.0 hectares portion which has been found to be still agricultural in use and tenanted by the petitioners. The corresponding Emancipation Patents shall be generated and issued in favor of petitioners Melencio Berboso and Concepcion Berboso, if they are already qualified.
Private respondents Carloses moved for the reconsideration of the aforementioned Order of DAR Secretary Garilao but the same was denied. Aggrieved, they filed an Appeal with the Office of the President which was docketed as O.P. Case No. 5994.
On 24 October 1994, petitioners Berbosos filed before the DARAB Head Office, Quezon City, a Manifestation with Motion to Withdraw Complaint for Redemption in DARAB Case No. 368-Bul '92, since there was no more need for resolution of the said case in light of the Order of DAR Secretary Garilao dated 5 January1994 finding the subject lands to be still agricultural in use and tenanted by petitioners Berbosos.
On 1 March 1996, the Office of the President rendered a Decision21 reversing and setting aside the Order of DAR Secretary Garilao dated 5 January 1994 and reinstating the Order of the former DAR Secretary Estrella dated 22 January 1975, the dispositive portion of which is reproduced below:
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the Order of the Department of Agrarian Reform dated January 5, 1994 is REVERSED and SET ASIDE and the Order of then DAR Secretary Conrado F. Estrella, dated January 22, 1975 is REINSTATED.
On 25 June 1996, the DARAB Head Office, Quezon City, rendered a Decision22 on DARAB Case No. 1283, dismissing the Appeal of petitioners Berbosos and affirming the Decision of the DARAB Region III dated 18 December 1989, ordering as follows:
WHEREFORE, premises considered, judgment is hereby rendered DISMISSING the appeal and AFFIRMING IN TOTO the challenged decision of the Adjudicator a quo. Any emancipation patent/s issued in favor of Melencio Berboso and Concepcion Berboso, or other persons over these landholdings in dispute are hereby ordered CANCELLED.
On 21 August 1996, petitioners Berbosos filed before the Court of Appeals a Petition for Review23 of the Decision dated 1 March 1996 of the Office of the President in O.P. Case No. 5994. This Petition was docketed as CA-G.R. SP No. 41568. Again, on 11 October 1996, petitioners Berbosos filed before the Court of Appeals a Petition for Review24 of the Decision of DARAB Head Office, Quezon City, in DARAB Case No. 1283. This was docketed as CA-G.R. SP No. 42122. On 3 April 1997, the Court of Appeals issued a Resolution25 which ordered the consolidation of CA-G.R. SP No. 42122 and No. 41568.
On 29 December 1999, the Court of Appeals rendered a Decision26 dismissing both Petitions for Review, and affirming the Decisions of the Office of the President dated 1 March 1996 and the DARAB dated 25 June 1996. The dispositive portion of the said Decision reads:
WHEREFORE, the petitions in these consolidated cases are hereby DISMISSED and the appealed decisions of the Office of the President and the DARAB are hereby AFFIRMED. Additionally, an order is hereby issued directing the Registry of Deeds, Meycauayan Branch, to cancel Transfer Certificates of Title Nos. EP-149-M and EP-150-M and to reinstate cancelled Transfer Certificates of Title Nos. T-114000 (M), 120510 (M), 102513 (M), 120514 (M), 120516 (M), and 120517 (M) in the name of respondent JKM INTERNATIONAL, INC. as well as Transfer Certificates of Title Nos. 122924 (M) and 122925 (M) in the name of Wong Lee Lee.
Undaunted, petitioners Berbosos filed the instant Petition raising the following issues:
THE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN INVALIDATING THE TRANSFER CERTIFICATES OF TITLES OF THE PETITIONER BERBOSOS IN THE ABSENCE OF DIRECT ATTACK;
THE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN UPHOLDING THE VALIDITY OF THE CONVERSION ORDER OF DAR SECRETARY ESTRELLA DATED 22 JANUARY 1975;
THE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN RULING THAT THE PRIVATE RESPONDENT CARLOSESS HAVE COMPLIED WITH THE REQUIREMENTS FOR CONVERSION OF THEIR LAND UNDER SEC. 36 OF RA 3844;
THE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN RULING THAT THERE WAS OBSERVANCE OF DUE PROCESS IN APPLICATION AND ISSUANCE OF ORDER OF CONVERSION;
THE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN RULING THAT THERE WAS NO VIOLATION OF THE SECURITY OF TENURE OF PETITIONER BERBOSOS AS FARMER-BENEFICIARIES.
Petitioners Berbosos invoked Presidential Decree No. 27.27 They argued that, upon the promulgation of Presidential Decree No. 27 on 21 October 1972, they are automatically deemed owners of the land in question; that TCTs No. EP-150-M and No. EP-149-M which cover the subject lands, were issued in their favor by the DAR; and that said titles cannot be cancelled by the Court of Appeals in the absence of a direct attack by private respondents Carloses and JKM.
Petitioners Berbosos' arguments are without merit.
Presidential Decree No. 27, or more popularly known as the Emancipation Decree, was signed into law in view of the fact that the old concept of land ownership by a few has spawned valid and legitimate grievances that gave rise to violent conflict and tension. The law points out that reformation must start with the emancipation of the tiller from the bondage of the soil.28 It recognized the importance of encouraging a more productive agricultural base of the nation's economy. In order to achieve this objective, the decree laid down a scheme for the purchase by small farmers of the lands they were tilling. Landowners of agricultural lands which were devoted primarily to rice and corn production and exceeded the minimum retention area were thus compelled to sell, through the intercession of the government, their lands to qualified farmers at liberal terms and conditions.29
Presidential Decree No. 27 does not, however, automatically vest ownership of a piece of land to a tenant farmer. The law itself provides for certain conditions and procedures before a qualified farmer can claim the right of absolute ownership over these lands, some of which are as follows:
The total cost of the land, including interest at the rate of six (6) per centum per annum, shall be paid by the tenant in fifteen (15) years of fifteen (15) equal annual amortizations;
No title to the land owned by the tenant-farmers under this Decree shall be actually issued to a tenant farmer unless and until the tenant-farmer has become a full-fledged member of a duly recognized farmer's cooperative;
Title to land acquired pursuant to this Decree or the Land Reform Program of the Government shall not be transferable except by hereditary succession or to the Government in accordance with the provisions of this Decree, the Code of Agrarian Reform and other existing laws and regulations.
Under Presidential Decree No. 26630 which provides for the mechanics of registration of ownership and/or title to land under Presidential Decree No. 27, full compliance by the grantee with the aforequoted undertakings is required for a grant of title under Presidential Decree No. 27 and the subsequent issuance of an emancipation patent in favor of the farmer/grantee. In the case of Pagtalunan v. Tamayo,31 this Court ruled that:
[T]he mere issuance of the certificate of land transfer does not vest in the farmer/grantee ownership of the land described therein. The certificate simply evidences governments recognition of the grantee as the party qualified to avail of the statutory mechanisms for the acquisition of ownership of the land tilled by him as provided under PD 27. Neither is this recognition permanent or irrevocable. Failure on the part of the farmer/grantee to comply with his obligation to pay his lease rentals or amortization payments when they fall due for a period of two (2) years to the landowner or agricultural lessor is a ground for forfeiture of his certificate of land transfer [Section 2, Presidential Decree No. 816 ].
Clearly, it is only after compliance with the above conditions which entitle a farmer/grantee to an emancipation patent that he acquires the vested right of absolute ownership in the landholding - a right which has become fixed and established, and is no longer open to to doubt or controversy [See definition of "vested right" or "vested interest" in Balbao v. Farrales, 51 Phil. 498 (1928); Republic of the Philippines v. De Porkan, G.R. No. 66866, June 18, 1987, 151 SCRA 88]. At best, the farmer/grantee, prior to compliance with these conditions, merely possesses a contingent or expectant right of ownership over the landholding." 32
In the case at bar, petitioners Berbosos submitted as evidence TCTs No. EP-149-M and No. EP-150-M,33 issued by the Registry of Deeds of Meycauayan, Bulacan, in their favor, to prove their claim of ownership over the subject lands. However, the manner by which petitioners Berbosos acquired such TCTs is highly irregular, which casts doubt on their validity.
Section 2 of Presidential Decree No. 266 provides that:
If the land is previously registered under the Torrens System, the Emancipation Patent and/or Grant, if filed with the Register of Deeds, shall constitute conclusive authority for him to enter a transfer certificate of title in accordance with such patent and/or grant: Provided, however, That the Register of Deeds, before cancelling the original of the certificate of title and issuing a new one in favor of the grantee, shall require the registered owner or the party in possession thereof to surrender for cancellation the owner's duplicate within a reasonable period; and Provided, further, That if the owner or party withholding such duplicate certificate shall refuse or fail to surrender the same within thirty (30) days from and after the date of receipt of the proper notice, the Register of Deeds shall be authorized to cancel the original as well as the owner's duplicate certificate of title and issue in lieu thereof a new one, with the corresponding owner's duplicate, in favor of the grantee.
In the case at bar, there is nothing in the records which shows that the Registry of Deeds of Meycauayan, Bulacan, had required private respondent JKM, as the registered owner thereof, to surrender its titles for cancellation and for the issuance of new titles in favor of petitioners Berbosos. There was no proper notice at all given by the Register of Deeds of Meycauayan, Bulacan, to private respondent JKM as regards the cancellation of its titles and the issuance of new ones in favor of petitioners Berbosos. Indeed, the above-quoted provision was not observed. Moreover, the Court of Appeals found that:
[I]t appears from the Manifestation filed by respondent JKM INTERNATIONAL, INC., that its Transfer Certificate of Title covering the subject landholding were cancelled and in its place Transfer Certificates of Title Nos. EP-149-M and EP-150-M were issued in the name of petitioners [Berbosos]. Such cancellation of the certificates of title [was] effected despite the pendency of these cases and while the owner's copy of the transfer certificates of title are still in the possession of respondent [Carloses]. Worse, no writ of execution was issued to implement the decision of Secretary Garilao as basis for such cancellation. This development is highly irregular and anomalous and the same should be corrected in order to prevent the judgment of this Court from being rendered ineffectual.34
As to the issue of whether or not there was a direct attack on the validity of the TCTs No. EP-149-M and No. EP-150-M of the petitioners Berbosos by private respondents Carloses and JKM thus allowing for the cancellation of said titles, we rule in the affirmative.
In the case of Mallilin, Jr. v. Castillo,35 we had an occasion to discuss the issue of direct attack on the validity of titles, to wit:
A torrens title, as a rule, is conclusive and indefeasible. Proceeding from this, P.D. No. 1529, Section 48, provides that a certificate of title shall not be subject to collateral attack and cannot be altered, modified, or cancelled except in a direct proceeding. When is an action an attack on a title? It is when the object of the action or proceeding is to nullify the title, and thus challenge the judgment pursuant to which the title was decreed. The attack is direct when the object of an action or proceeding is to annul or set aside such judgment, or enjoin its enforcement. On the other hand, the attack is indirect or collateral when, in an action to obtain a different relief, an attack on the judgment is nevertheless made as an incident thereof.
It can be recalled that DAR Secretary Garilao issued an Order36 dated 5 January 1994 granting the Petition filed by petitioners Berbosos for the Cancellation of the Conversion Order37 dated 22 January 1975 issued by former DAR Secretary Estrella. The Order dated 5 January 1994 declared as null and void, for lack of due process, the Conversion Order because petitioners Berbosos were not notified of the pendency of private respondents Carloses' Application for Conversion Order. It also directed that emancipation patents be issued in the name of petitioners Berbosos.
On 2 February 1994, private respondents Carloses filed a Motion38 for Reconsideration to Set Aside the Order dated 5 January 1994 contending that they were denied due process since they were not notified of the filing of such a Petition, and that they were denied the opportunity to present their evidence. On 28 January 1994, private respondent JKM likewise filed a Motion to Set Aside the Order dated 5 January 199439 alleging that petitioners Berbosos were duly notified of the 22 January 1975 Conversion Order. Furthermore, on 16 February 1994, private respondent JKM filed a Supplement to the Motion to Set Aside40 the 5 January 1994 Order. All these Motions were, however, denied by the DAR. Subsequently, private respondents Carloses appealed the said denial with the Office of the President, which, in turn, reversed and set aside41 the 5 January 1994 Order, and reinstated the 22 January 1975 Conversion Order. On 5 November 1999, private respondent JKM filed a Manifestation and Motion42 with the Court of Appeals in the consolidated cases of CA-G.R. SP No. 41568 and No. 42122, stating that the issuance of TCTs No. EP-149-M and No. EP-150-M to petitioners Berbosos was not made known to it since the Registry of Deeds of Meycauayan, Bulacan, did not send to it a written request requiring the surrender of its owner's duplicate copies of the TCTs covering the subject land for cancellation; that there was no Motion for Execution filed by petitioners Berbosos and no Writ of Execution was issued to implement the 5 January 1994 Order; that its owner's duplicate copies of the TCTs are still in its possession; and that in order to protect its rights over the subject land, it caused the registration of the "Notice of Lis Pendens" on the TCTs No. EP-149-M and No. EP-150-M of petitioners Berbosos with the Registry of Deeds, Meycauayan, Bulacan.
There is no doubt from the foregoing that private respondents Carloses and JKM have attacked and challenged the 5 January 1994 Order of DAR Secretary Garilao which directed the issuance of emancipation patents in favor of petitioners Berbosos. In fact, in its 5 November 1999 Manifestation and Motion43 filed with the Court of Appeals, private respondent JKM specifically prayed that an order be included in its Decision in CA-G.R. SP No. 41568, directing the Register of Deeds of Meycauayan, Bulacan, to cancel TCTs No. EP-149-M and No. EP-150-M, and to reinstate cancelled TCTs No. T-114000 (M), No. 120510 (M), No. 102513 (M), No. 120514 (M), No. 120516 (M), and No. 120517 (M) in its name, as well TCTs No. 122924 (M) and No. 122925 (M) in the name of Wong Lee Lee (the person who subsequently bought a parcel of the subject land from private respondent JKM). Hence, petitioners Berbosos cannot validly claim that there was no direct attack on their titles thus barring the Court of Appeals from canceling TCTs No. EP-149-M and No. EP-150-M.
Petitioners Berbosos also contended that since private respondents Carloses were no longer owners of the subject land as of 21 October 1972 by virtue of Presidential Decree No. 27, which brought the subject land under the Operation Land Transfer, private respondents Carloses had no legal basis then to apply for conversion of the subject land in 1973.
Again, this contention is bereft of any merit.
After the Order dated 22 January 1975 was issued by then DAR Secretary Estrella, what the original tenant therein, Macario Berboso, or his successors-in-interest, Emiliano Berboso and petitioners Berbosos, should have done was to assail the said Order by filing an appeal with the Office of the President within 30 days from their receipt of the said Order pursuant to O.P. Administrative Order No. 18, series of 1987,44 or by filing a Petition for Review within 15 days from notice of the said Order with the Court of Appeals pursuant to our ruling in the case of Villorente v. Aplaya Laiya Corporation,45 to wit:
Section 1, Rule 43 of the Rules of Court provides that final orders of quasi-judicial bodies in the exercise of their quasi-judicial functions, including the DAR under Republic Act No. 6657, may be appealed to the Court of Appeals via a Petition for Review . Under Section 4 of the Rule, the petition should be filed within 15 days from notice of the said final order or from the date of its last publication, if publication is required by law for its effectivity, or of the denial of the petitioner's motion for reconsideration duly filed in accordance with the governing law of the court or agency a quo.
Unfortunately, they did not question the Conversion Order dated 22 January 1975 in the manner and within the period stated above. Instead, Emiliano Berboso (acting as successor-in-interest of his deceased father, Macario Berboso, and in representation of his siblings petitioners Berbosos), together with private respondents Carloses, chose to file with the DARAB a Joint Motion to Determine Amount of the Disturbance Compensation on 7 October 1989. When the DARAB rendered a Decision on 18 December 1989 fixing the amount of disturbance compensation due to Emiliano Berboso at P112,644.00, Emiliano Berboso and petitioners Berbosos contested the lawfulness of the said amount by filing a Petition for Review with the Court of Appeals. It was only on 9 December 1992, or after 17 years from the issuance of the 22 January 1975 Conversion Order that they questioned the validity of the said Conversion Order when they filed a Petition46 with the Office of the DAR Secretary for the cancellation of the same. By then, the period for petitioners Berbosos to question the Conversion Order had long since expired. Hence, they are now barred from assailing the said Order under the doctrine of estoppel. Estoppel by laches arises from the negligence or omission to assert a right within a reasonable time, warranting a presumption that the party entitled to assert it either has abandoned or declined to assert it.47 Once final and executory, the Conversion Order can no longer be questioned.48
Moreover, the 26 March 1992 Decision of the Court of Appeals, which affirmed the lawfulness of the disturbance compensation awarded by the 18 December 1989 DARAB Decision, is final and binding upon the petitioners Berbosos.
It can be recalled that Emiliano Berboso filed a Petition for Review49 of the DARAB Decision dated 18 December 1989 with the Court of Appeals docketed as CA-G.R. SP No. 20147, questioning therein the lawfulness of the amount of disturbance compensation awarded to him and claiming that his brother and sister, herein petitioners Berbosos, should have been included as parties in the Joint Motion for Determination of Disturbance Compensation since they are also tenants of the subject land.
On 26 March 1992, the Court of Appeals rendered a Decision50 on this Petition ruling that the amount of disturbance compensation awarded to Emiliano Berboso in DARAB Decision dated 18 December 1989 is lawful and valid. It further decreed that herein petitioners Berbosos need not be included as parties in the said Joint Motion since Emiliano Berboso was named therein merely as the representative of the deceased tenant, Macario Berboso, who was the tenant of the whole parcel of the subject land. The disturbance compensation awarded necessarily includes the disturbance compensation due to the petitioners Berbosos, who together with Emiliano Berboso, are the part tillers of the subject land succeeding to the rights of their late father.
At this point, the proper remedy of Emiliano Berboso under Section 1, Rule 52 of the Revised Rules of Court would be to file a Motion for Reconsideration with the Court of Appeals of its 26 March 1992 Decision within 15 days from notice thereof, or an Appeal by Certiorari with this Court within 15 days from notice of the assailed Decision pursuant to Sections 1 and 2 of Rule 45 of the Revised Rules of Court. However, after going through the records of the instant Petition, we find no evidence showing that Emiliano Berboso had indeed filed the said Motion or Appeal. Hence, under Section 2 of Rule 36 of the Revised Rules of Court, the 26 March 1992 Decision had already attained finality.
It is well-settled that a judgment which had acquired finality becomes immutable and unalterable, thus, may no longer be modified in any respect except to clerical errors or mistakes, all the issues between the parties being deemed resolved and laid to rest.51 Since the lawfulness of the determination of the award of disturbance compensation was already settled in the 26 March 1992 Decision of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 20147, we hold that the legality and validity of the 22 January 1975 Conversion Order is also settled because determination of disturbance compensation necessarily follows the Conversion Order. Simply put, there would be no determination of disturbance compensation without a Conversion Order being first validly issued.
It may be argued that the 26 March 1992 Decision of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 20147 is not binding upon petitioners Berbosos since they are not the original parties therein but only Emiliano Berboso.
It is true that Emiliano Berboso is the sole petitioner in CA-G.R. SP No. 20147. Nevertheless, the 26 March 1992 Decision rendered by the Court of Appeals in the said case is also binding upon the other petitioners Berbosos because although they were not the original parties in CA-G.R. SP No. 20147, they were duly represented by their brother Emiliano Berboso, who was named a party merely in representation of their deceased father, Macario Berboso, the tenant beneficiary at the time the Conversion Order was issued on 22 January 1975. It should be emphasized that Emiliano Berboso and his siblings merely inherited and acquired the tenancy rights of their father, Macario Berboso. Petitioners Berbosos failed to establish that they had tenancy rights separate and distinct from what their brother Emiliano Berboso acquired from their father, Macario Berboso.
Petitioners Berbosos further alleged that private respondents Carloses failed to comply with the requirements stated in Section 36 of Republic Act No. 3844 as regards the conversion of the subject land; that private respondents Carloses did not, within one year from dispossession of their tenants, undertake the conversion of the subject lands from agricultural to residential, industrial and commercial purposes; and that DAR Secretary Garilao was correct in reversing and setting aside the Conversion Order issued by the previous DAR Secretary Estrella.
Since we already ruled that the 22 January 1975 Conversion Order of DAR Secretary Estrella is final and binding upon petitioners Berbosos, any issue related to the said Order is rendered moot and academic. Moreover, the foregoing allegations of petitioners Berbosos were refuted by the Office of the President in its Decision dated 1 March 1996, to wit:
The DAR Secretary's appealed decision was anchored on the inherent authority of the Secretary to review the action of his predecessor, and on Sec. X(D) of Administrative Order No. 15 series of 1989 (Rules Governing Conversion of Private Agricultural Lands to Non-Agricultural Uses), which reads:
"X. The Secretary may cancel or withdraw authorization for conversion already issued, for any of the following causes/reasons:
D. Failure to complete the development of the area within the time frame specified in Section IV-H above."
And Section IV-H provides:
"IV. Governing Principles.
H. To prevent speculation, DAR shall require the petitioner to show clear and convincing proof of financial and organizational capability to undertake and complete the development of the area within one (1) year from date of issuance of development permit by HLURB, if the area is five (5) hectares, and the period of development shall not extend beyond one (1) year for every five (5) hectares of land authorized for conversion."
Regarding the invocation of Sections IV and X of Administrative Order No. 15, the inequity of applying the deadline provided for in the Order is revealed by the following considerations:
(a) Republic Act No. 3844, otherwise known as the Agricultural Reform Code of 1963, was the law existing at the time the application for conversion was filed and granted. The remedy available to tenants in the event their landowner fail to develop the property is found in Sec. 36 (1) thereof which reads:
"Sec. 36. Possession of Landholdings; Exceptions. - x x x
(1) x x x Provided, further, That should the landholder not cultivate the land himself for three years or fail to substantially carry out such conversion within one year after the dispossession of the tenant, it shall be presumed that he acted in bad faith and the tenant shall have the right to demand possession of the land and recover damages for any loss incurred by him because of said dispossession."
From the foregoing, it is clear that the one year period commences to run only after the tenant has been dispossessed of the property. Since at no time were the Berbosos evicted from the property, the one year period deadline did not commence to run. Also, most significant is the fact that the remedy available to the dispossessed tenant is the right to demand possession of the land plus recovery of damages, and not the cancellation of the order of conversion.
(b) While Administrative Order No. 15 applies to the petition for conversion filed in 1989, Sections IV-H and X-D thereof provide that the one year period commences to run only after the issuance of the development permit by the HLURB. The developer, JKM International Inc., claimed that no permit has yet been issued by the said agency. In view of the non-issuance, the one year deadline could not have operated against the rights of the appellants.52
This finding was affirmed by the Court of Appeals in its Decision dated 29 December 1999, is now being impugned before us.
Well-settled is the rule that findings of administrative agencies which have acquired expertise because their jurisdiction is confined only to specific matters, is accorded not only respect but finality, particularly when affirmed by the appellate tribunal.53
Petitioners Berbosos further claimed they were denied due process in the application, issuance and confirmation of the said Conversion Order.
This is not so.
When private respondents Carloses applied for the issuance of the Conversion Order with the DAR in 1973, one of the original tenants in the subject land was petitioners Berbosos' father, Macario Berboso. While the said application is still pending with the DAR, all tenants of private respondents Carloses, including Macario Berboso, were notified and interviewed by DAR Officer Guillermo V. Sta. Ana as regards the said application.54 All of the said tenants, including Macario Berboso, made written declarations and manifestations with regard to the said application.55 Despite said notices, Macario Berboso did not initiate any proceedings to contest the processing of the application and the subsequent issuance of the Conversion Order.
Even assuming for the sake of argument that petitioners Berbosos were not notified of the application for Conversion Order filed by private respondents Carloses, this lack of notice had been cured56 when they actively intervened and participated in the proceedings before the DARAB, the PARAB, the Office of the President, and the Court of Appeals. The petitioners Berbosos made appeals and had also repeatedly moved for the reconsideration of each decision that was adverse to them. Time and again, we ruled that what is repugnant to due process is the absolute lack of opportunity to be heard.57 The essence of due process is simply an opportunity to be heard or, as applied to administrative proceedings, an opportunity to seek a reconsideration of the action or ruling complained of.58 Due process is satisfied when the parties are afforded fair and reasonable opportunity to explain their side of the controversy or an opportunity to move for a reconsideration of the action or ruling complained of.59
Lastly, petitioners Berbosos also posited that their security of tenure as farmers-beneficiaries under Presidential Decree No. 27 was violated. According to them, the 18 December 1989 DARAB Decision fixing the amount of disturbance compensation is binding only with respect to Emiliano Berboso, and since they were never made parties therein, their security of tenure cannot be affected.
It was already ruled in the Court of Appeals Decision of 26 March 1992 in CA-G.R. SP No. 20147 that petitioners Berbosos were duly represented therein by their brother Emiliano Berboso, who was named a party in representation of their father, Macario Berboso, the tenant beneficiary at the time the 22 January 1975 Conversion Order was issued, and that the disturbance compensation awarded to Emiliano Berboso necessarily includes the disturbance compensation due to petitioners Berbosos. As we discussed earlier, this Decision is already final and binding upon petitioners Berbosos. Hence, there is no more need to determine the claim of security of tenure by petitioners Berbosos as farmers-beneficiaries.
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the Decision dated 29 December 1999 of the Court of Appeals in the consolidated cases of CA-G.R. SP No. 41568 and No. 42122 directing the Register of Deeds, Meycauayan, Bulacan, to cancel TCTs No. EP-149-M and No. EP-150-M and to reinstate cancelled TCTs No. T-114000 (M), No. 120510 (M), 102513 (M), 120514 (M), 120516 (M), and 120517 (M) in the name of private respondent JKM, as well as TCTs No. 122924 (M) and No. 122925 (M) in the name of Wong Lee Lee, is hereby AFFIRMED.
Costs against petitioners.
Panganiban, C.J., Ynares-Santiago, Austria-Martinez, Callejo, Sr., JJ., concur.
1 Penned by Associate Justice Artemio G. Tuquero with Associate Justices Eubulo G. Verzola and Andres B. Reyes, concurring; Rollo, pp. 33-46.
2 CA rollo (CA-G.R. SP No. 42122), pp. 295-306.
3 Id. at 213-216.
8 Id. at 246.
16 "AN ACT TO ORDAIN THE AGRICULTURAL LAND REFORM CODE AND TO INSTITUTE LAND REFORMS IN THE PHILIPPINES, INCLUDING THE ABOLITION OF TENANCY AND THE CHANNELING OF CAPITAL INTO INDUSTRY, PROVIDE FOR THE NECESSARY IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES, APPROPRIATE FUNDS THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES." (8 August 1963.)
17 CA rollo (CA-G.R. SP No. 42122), pp. 263-271.
20 CA rollo ( CA G.R. SP No. 41568 ), pp. 110-120.
21 CA rollo (CA G.R. SP No. 42122), pp. 288-294.
26 Rollo, pp. 33-46.
27 "DECREEING THE EMANCIPATION OF TENANTS FROM THE BONDAGE OF THE SOIL TRANSFERRING TO THEM THE OWNERSHIP OF THE LAND THEY TILL AND PROVIDING THE INSTRUMENTS AND MECHANISM THEREFOR." (21 October 1972.)
28 Torres v. Ventura, G.R. No. 86044, 2 July 1990, 187 SCRA 96, 107.
29 Pagtalunan v. Tamayo, G.R. No. 54281, 19 March 1990, 183 SCRA 252, 258.
30 "PROVIDING FOR THE MECHANICS OF REGISTRATION OF OWNERSHIP AND/OR TITLE TO LAND UNDER PD NO. 27." (4 August 1973)
31 Supra note 29.
34 Rollo, p. 45.
35 389 Phil. 153, 165 (2000).
42 Id. at.322-327.
43 Id.
44 Department of Agrarian Reform Administrative Order No. 01, Series of 1999 (30 March 1999): "REVISED RULES AND REGULATIONS ON THE CONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL LANDS TO NON-AGRICULTURAL USES"
45 G.R. No. 145013, 31 March 2005, 454 SCRA 493, 501.
47 Alday v. FGU Insurance Corporation, 402 Phil. 962, 970-971.
51 Ram's Studio and Photographic Equipment, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 400 Phil. 542, 550 (2000).
53 Jacinto v. Court of Appeals, 346 Phil. 656, 674 (1997).
56 German Management and Services, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 76216, 14 September 1989, 177 SCRA 495, 500; Marvel Building Corp. v. Ople, 207 Phil. 351, 353 (1983); Ablaza v. Court of Industrial Relations, 211 Phil. 425, 432 (1983); Cruz v. Minister of Labor and Employment, G.R. No. 56591, 17 January 1983, 120 SCRA 15, 21; Ortigas and Company Limited Partnership v. Velasco, G.R. No. 109645 25 July 1994, 234 SCRA 455, 502.
57 Capuno v. Jaramillo, A.M. No. RTJ-93-944, 20 July 1994, 234 SCRA 212, 233.
58 Vda. de Dela Cruz v. Abille, G.R. No. 130196, 26 February 2001, 352 SCRA 691, 701.
59 Roxas v. Vasquez, 411 Phil. 276, 287 (2001). | {
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Fans of watching top notch talent on different sides of the ball are in for a treat on Sunday. The Jacksonville Jaguars travel to square off against the Kansas City Chiefs in a game that features one of the top defenses versus one of the most explosive offenses in the league. Kansas City is sitting at 4-0, after completing their comeback win against the Denver Broncos on Monday night. Jacksonville are tied atop their division at 3-1, after they dominated the New York Jets last weekend. The storylines are plentiful, the star power is abundant, and these two heavy hitters are ready to clash on Sunday afternoon.
Patrick Mahomes. This budding NFL star has been, in a word, phenomenal. He has accounted for 15 total touchdowns without throwing an interception in the first four games of the year. He's completing 65% of his passes while averaging an even 300 yards per game through the air. Above all, his movement in the pocket and his ability to extend plays are reminiscent of a young Aaron Rodgers, or even Brett Favre. Trailing by 10 points and facing his first bit of adversity in the NFL, Mahomes guided the Chiefs to back-to-back touchdowns that helped the Chiefs leave victorious. With all that being said, without a doubt, the Jaguars defense will provide Mahomes with his toughest test to date.
56 points. The Jacksonville Jaguars defense has smothered their opponents in the first four games of the season, only allowing 56 points. They're giving up an average of 12 points a game. Best in the NFL. They're allowing 164 yards passing per game. Best in the NFL. They're only giving up 259 total yards per game. Best in the NFL. Does anybody else notice a trend here? They have two of the top corners in the game, with athletic linebackers and a defensive line that is relentless. The Jaguars have a major test in slowing down the Kansas City offense, but something tells me this group is not intimidated.
One of these juggernauts will have to give way. With all of the defensive stats the Jaguars have compiled, the Chiefs come in toting the highest scoring offense in the league (36.3 points/game). Aside from Mahomes, the weapons the Chiefs have provide any defense a challenge. Tyreek Hill, Travis Kelce, and Kareem Hunt will have to find ways to make an impact.
Kareem Hunt needs the rock. Not just in the running game either. He is averaging almost 18 carries per game, but only averaging 72 yards on the ground. As we saw on Monday night, catching the ball in the open field is where Hunt can really gash a defense. Only coming into Monday night with one catch, he caught two passes on the final two drives that helped the Chiefs march down the field. Hunt has the ability to break tackles and extend plays in the open field. For the Chiefs to score against this defense, they must get Hunt involved heavily in the pass game.
Tyreek Hill can fly. With his ability to bust big plays in the blink of an eye, Jalen Ramsey and A.J. Bouye will have a difficult match-up outside the numbers. There's no doubt that these corners aren't deterred by the threat of Hill, but it is a battle that will be interesting to watch. Hill has become more of a traditional wide receiver this season, in the sense that he will catch the ball underneath to move the chains. His big play explosions will always be the focus of defenses. But, his all-around skill catching the ball, plus his ability to run the ball out of the backfield, Hill will need to have a big day to help the Chiefs put up points.
Once considered a liability for the Jaguars, Blake Bortles has shown flashes of being a solid NFL quarterback this season. Throwing for over 350 yards in two games, Bortles has had to guide the offense into scoring drives without their lead back Leonard Fournette. Fournette has missed multiple games already, and will miss this match-up due to a hamstring injury that has plagued his young career. Facing a Kansas City defense that has been abysmal at times, Bortles will need to take care of the ball and find ways to move the chains.
One has to assume the Chiefs will score into the 20s in this game, which will force Bortles to put up some points this week. Despite his flashes of success this year, the lone Jaguars loss came when the offense only put up 6 points against the Tennessee Titans. He's thrown for over 350 twice, while also being held to under 200 yards twice. What Bortles will we get on Sunday?
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In the battle of offense versus defense, the offense will prevail this week. The Chiefs will find ways to win a tight game at home thanks to Mahomes extending plays and Hunt finding the end zone. | {
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Tengshe est un astérisme de l'astronomie chinoise. Il est décrit dans le traité astronomique du Shi Shi, qui décrit les astérismes composés des étoiles les plus brillantes du ciel. Il se compose de 22 étoiles relativement peu lumineuses, situées à cheval sur les constellations occidentales du Lézard et la partie occidentale de celle d'Andromède.
Composition de l'astérisme
Tengshe est un astérisme d'extension moyenne, mais de forme relativement tourmentée. Il est situé dans une région relativement peu fournie en étoiles brillantes, et sa composition est de fait incertaine. Elle comporte cependant probablement les étoiles principales de la constellation occidentale du Lézard, formant un motif caractéristique en dents de scie. À ces étoiles là s'ajoute environ une dizaine d'étoiles partant de la partie nord de la constellation du Lézard et allant vers l'est vers la partie occidentale de la constellation d'Andromède, et un plus petit groupe d'étoile situé en dessous. Une composition possible de l'astérisme est :
β Lacertae (magnitude apparente 4,4)
α Lacertae (3,8)
4 Lacertae (4,6)
5 Lacertae (4,3)
2 Lacertae (4,6)
6 Lacertae (4,5), cet ensemble de 6 étoiles formant la quasi-totalité du motif traditionnel de la constellation occidentale du Lézard
9 Lacertae (4,6)
HD 216946 (5,0)
3 Andromedae (4,6)
7 Andromedae (4,5)
8 Andromedae (4,8)
11 Andromedae (5,4)
λ Andromedae (3,8)
ψ Andromedae (5,0)
κ Andromedae (4,2)
ι Andromedae (4,3), ces 10 étoiles formant la partie orientale de l'astérisme
10 Lacertae (4,9)
12 Lacertae (5,2)
13 Lacertae (5,1)
ο Andromedae (3,9)
15 Lacertae (4,9)
11 Lacertae (4,5), cet ensemble de 6 étoiles formant la partie basse de l'astérisme
Symbolique
Tengshe représente un serpent aquatique, représenté sur la rive de Tianhe, le fleuve céleste que symbolise la Voie lactée.
Astérismes associés
Il existe le long de la Voie lactée divers astérismes explicitement associés au fleuve céleste qu'elle représente. Parmi ceux-ci se trouvent Tianjin, un gué permettant de traverser le fleuve (constellation du Cygne), et Tianchuan, un bateau naviguant sur le fleuve (constellation de Persée). D'autres animaux vivent en sus de Tengshe dans le fleuve, notamment des tortues, Bie et Gui (constellations de la Couronne australe et de l'Autel).
Voir aussi
Liste des astérismes de l'astronomie chinoise
Référence
, page 150.
Note
Astronomie chinoise
Astérisme
Constellation du Lézard
Constellation d'Andromède | {
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Santa Rosa Golf & Beach Club Expands Team and Golf Course
besoclee 08.07.2021 Business, Public Relations 0
As the Santa Rosa Golf & Beach Club golf course gets a facelift, the club's staff is also starting to ramp up and re-envision new beginnings with their re-opening this fall. The team of dedicated individuals that are working to enhance the club is growing and expanding alongside the course.
Several new additions are being introduced to the management team. Zach Philips will be taking over as the new director of golf and managing the operations at the club. Once adjusted into his new role, Philips will also be adding a first assistant to expand the staff even further.
Carter Murchison, former director of golf, has moved to PGA director of instruction. With a new trackman system in place and enhancements being made to the teaching building, it will provide for the ultimate experience for individuals seeking to learn golf for the first time or simply wanting to step up their game. Murchison has a gift and talent for teaching, which is why his transition to this position is the perfect fit for both the member experience and Murchison himself.
Other additions to the team include Dan Drake, the new food and beverage director, and Jessica Clark, the new director of member experience. Drake will be responsible for ensuring the award-winning team at Vue on 30a continues to bring excellent culinary services to club members and guests, fostering the restaurant's growing success. He will oversee all aspects of the club's food and beverage planning to include cost management, inventory, preparation, and presentations among other items. Clark's role will focus on member benefits, including social events, member communication, and marketing. She will contribute to and support the continued development and initiatives for the club and its entities. Adding Drake and Clark to the team is the icing on the cake for the Santa Rosa Golf & Beach Club's new beginning.
"We are building my dream team," said Michael Bickett, general manager for Santa Rosa Golf & Beach Club. "Each person and each role they play is crucial to the membership experience at Santa Rosa. Carter, Zach, Dan, and Jessica each have a strong desire to improve and grow the experience levels at our growing club and I could not be more excited to welcome them all into their new roles," Bickett added.
From golf course renovations, clubhouse interior and exterior renovations, and more, Santa Rosa Golf & Beach Club is expanding and re-envisioning at a pace many could not have dreamed of just a short few years ago. Within the last year, the club's membership reached a sold-out status and began to form waitlists for memberships. Today, getting a spot on the club's waitlist proves challenging as even those remain full at this time. "Santa Rosa Golf & Beach Club is thriving," said Sarah Brazwell, membership and marketing director for Santa Rosa Golf & Beach Club. "The club has a history of supportive members. In addition to our long-time members, we are fortunate to be a reciprocal of so many wonderful new families moving to this area seeking the fun and relaxing lifestyle that Santa Rosa offers. The growth and support of membership, the popularity of Vue on 30a, and other contributing factors have given the club the ability to improve and expand," added Brazwell.
The course renovation is still on track, planning for a reopening this fall. For more updates, find Santa Rosa Golf & Beach Club on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. | {
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May 1-Sept. 30: Mon-Fri 10am-5pm; Sat & Sun Noon-4pm Oct. 1-April 30: Mon-Sun Noon-4pm Or by Appt.
The Mead Cultural Education Center is the new home of the Dakota Territorial Museum and Yankton County Historical Society. It is constantly changing as we add more exhibits over the next few years. | {
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The Close ParentPop-in newborn nappy is an affordable way to bridge the gap between tiny babyand birth to potty sizing. Unlike our standard one size Pop-in it is speciallydesigned to be used on a tiny or prem baby straight from birth.
The CloseParent Pop-in newborn nappy is an affordable way to bridge the gap between tinybaby and birth to potty sizing. Unlike our standard one size Pop-in it is speciallydesigned to be used on a tiny or prem baby straight from birth.
The frontsection is contoured to sit below the umbilical cord rather than over it andthe nappy itself is much slimmer and intended for the lower wetting, highfrequency changing those first few weeks bring, with up to 10 changes a day.
It is still100% Pop-in with all the same trust and reliability, but with some newmaterials and new ideas! Unlike its older sibling, the outerwrap can be easilybe wiped clean and re-used if not soiled, leaving you to just switch the soakerover come change time...easy! The cleverdouble sided design means you can choose, 100% soya… known as vegetablecashmere or stay dry suede cloth against baby's delicate skin…We think it isjust Close common sense!
We love colourco-ordinating our pop-in soakers and boosters with their outer shells, butplease be aware that many factors can affect the colours of the inserts once inuse, including detergents and of course the content of the nappies, variable asthey are. We therefore cannot guarantee that the colours will retain theirintegrity and in some circumstances may become stained or lose their colour.Please be assured that this does not affect the functionality of the product inany way so we cannot indemnify against this and it is not covered by thewarranty. Please wash dark colours separately. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
I Don't Know What I'm Saying. Do You?
September 30, 2011 by Elly Truitt
I have read "Burning Acts, Injurious Speech," several times now, and I remain somewhat confused by the argument. Not unconvinced, but uncertain of how all the parts fit together.
All speech is "excitable," meaning that it is, at some level, beyond the control of the speaker. This is because language is produced out of a cultural and social matrix that precede and supercede the speaker. Therefore meaning can't be dictated by the speaker. Furthermore, because the meaning stems from the context that precedes excitable speech, the speaker is actually produced as a subject from that pre-existing meaning and context. In the case of hate speech, the law—by predetermining the meaning of certain words in advance of their utterance—creates the speaker as subject so that the speaker can then be prosecuted. This seems in line with Butler's comment in last week's essay ("Endangered/Engendering") about the beating of Rodney King as a necessary cultural production of blackness (and, quoting Ruth Gilmore, as an instance of nation-building). The prosecution of hate speech requires that the speech itself is rehearsed in public and that it become part of the official state record (in court). Yet after this rhetorical move, Butler then asserts that speech does not have to be understood as hateful. Not only is all speech excitable (out of the speaker's control), but it is also "ex-citable"—it can be uncoupled from its cultural meaning and assigned a new meaning by those who hear it.
But that seems to imply that a speaker can never assert the meaning of her speech, and that only the listener has the power to subvert the predetermined meaning of the speech. In which case, the audience can assert agency, but the speaker never can.
Lawrence Anderson
Not only is that confusing, it strikes me as a bit unfair. I'm a recently graduated English major and I've seen a similar tug-of-war between readers and writers. In the context of speech though, I think a speaker should have more right than a writer to at least be granted some minimum control over what he/she means.
Realistically speaking, both sides are not necessarily incorruptible and I've found that tipping the balance in favor of one or the other can come off as unjust. Excessively favoring the speaker could enable dishonest denial whilst the same treatment towards the listeners enables oversensitivity. | {
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Using a combination of Optimistic and Pessimistic Locking?
In the 2.x client, we intentionally changed the packaging structure for two reasons. One is that it's a new major version with new API. Second is that we wanted people to be able to run the 1.x and the 2.x in the same app concurrently to facilitate slower migrations.
You can see the 2.x API in the API reference, as linked off of the documentation.
With regard to getAndLock(), it's actually best characterized as a cooperative pessimistic lock with a timeout. What that means is as long as all code paths are using the same getAndLock() access path, only one will succeed with the lock if many actors are going after it once, and the others will then learn that it's locked. It's that actor's responsibility to unlock the document with either an unlock or a CAS operation. If it doesn't do so within a timeout period, then the lock will be released.
The CAS based optimistic locking is, of course, still there and I personally think it's generally the preferred approach if you can refactor the problem in that way.
I usually see the getAndLock() type approach to be best used if your application is grabbing a graph of objects for update and wants reasonable assurances (with no failures) that it has exclusive access. However, it's up to the app to handle the failure cases.
If the latter does an upsert/replace before the former then is the lock effectively nullified?
What happens when the former does an upsert/replace? I am assuming CAS will come into play ensuring data integrity.
In other words, for the locking mechanism to be used effectively all access to the document should use getAndLock.
Currently in one code path of our application, documents are fetched with lock, modified and written back one at a time (because contextually there is only one document that we have to deal with in this code path). In a different code path many documents need to be read, modified and written back. We are doing a bulk read, modify and bulk write for performance reasons. So, getAndLock might not be correct in this scenario.
Are there any recommendations with regards to ensuring data integrity and performance? Is using a get and handling CAS related exception the right way to go? | {
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Q: Reading upper case values from a list in another work book before copying and pasting values I have workbook with a list. I have written this code whereby the user can download the latest file to update the population figures. The function below allows user to open the file, and the code will cross reference the list before pasting the value in the column specified.
To try and explain it better:
Column A has a list of cities/towns etc, and Column B is empty.
The new workbook that is selected has the list of cities and population numbers against it. The function below checks that the list in the new workbook matches the one in the activeworkbook before pasting the value into the empty cell. However I noticed sometimes if there is upper case, it doesn't pick it up.
One issue I have noticed is that if the list has an upper case in the second word for example it does not get picked up. I know I need to use a form of logical comparison but I am unsure how to apply it in the below code. This may be something very simple to others but I am pretty fresh to VBA in Excel.
UCase(....)=UCase(...)
Sub eng_qof()
Application.ScreenUpdating = False
Dim my_Filename As Variant
Dim my_File As Workbook
Dim xcol, ycol, frow As Integer
Dim I As Integer
Dim pop As Range
my_Filename = Application.GetOpenFilename(FileFilter:="Excel Files, *xl*;*.xm*")
If my_Filename <> False Then
Set my_File = Application.Workbooks.Open(my_Filename)
xcol = Workbooks("City list.xlsm").Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("B15:B146").Count
For I = 15 To 15 + xcol
answer1 = Workbooks("City list.xlsm").Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("B" & I).Value
Set pop = myFile.Sheets("list").Range("C" & I).Value
If pop Is Nothing Then
Workbooks("City list.xlsm").Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("D" & I).Value = ""
Else
frow = Workbooks("City list.xlsm").Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("B12:B146").Find(what:=answer1)
my_File.Sheets("list").Range("L" & I).Value = Workbooks("City list.xlsm").Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("D" & I).Value
'my_File.Sheets("list").Range("L15:L149").Copy
'Workbooks("City list.xlsm").Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("D12").PasteSpecial Paste:=xlPasteValues
'my_File.Close False
End If
Next I
End If
Application.ScreenUpdating = True
End Sub
A: Vlookup is not case-sensitive, so you can try that.
Untested:
Sub eng_qof()
Dim my_Filename As Variant, ws As Worksheet
Dim my_File As Workbook, c As Range, v, res
my_Filename = Application.GetOpenFilename(FileFilter:="Excel Files, *xl*;*.xm*")
If my_Filename = False Then Exit Sub 'exit if no file selected
Application.ScreenUpdating = False
Set my_File = Application.Workbooks.Open(my_Filename)
Set ws = ThisWorkbook.Worksheets("Sheet1") 'assumes code is running in "City list.xlsm"
'loop cells in ColB
For Each c In ws.Range("B15:B146").Cells
v = c.Value 'value to look up
If Len(v) > 0 Then
'vlookup is not case-sensitive: returns value from Col L or error value if no match
res = Application.VLookup(v, my_File.Sheets("list").Range("B:L"), 11, False)
If Not IsError(res) Then
'match was made
c.EntireRow.Columns("D").Value = res
Else
' ? What to do if no match ?
End If
End If
Next c
my_File.Close False
End Sub
| {
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El gecko del Pacífico (Dactylocnemis pacificus) es la única especie conocida de gecko del género Dactylocnemis, perteneciente a la familia Diplodactylidae. Fue descrita científicamente por Gray en 1842.
Distribución
Se encuentra en Nueva Zelanda (Isla Norte).
Referencias
Diplodactylidae | {
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ICED/DELD-204 series housing designed for use with a separate LED engine kit that is combined by heat sink and trims and compatible 4" LED trims. This fixture offer easy and fast installation using a disconnect device and held securely in the housing with two friction blades.
Single wall aluminum housing. Gasketed for IC/Air-Tight in insulated ceiling for IC application.
and diffusion for even illumination. | {
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} |
新闻室 >
IDT Divests Smart Meter Business
SAN JOSE, Calif., March 7, 2013 – Integrated Device Technology, Inc. (IDT®) (NASDAQ: IDTI) the Analog and Digital Company™ delivering essential mixed-signal semiconductor solutions, today announced IDT has transferred the assets and design team of its smart metering IC product lines to Atmel in an all-cash transaction. Terms of the deal were not disclosed.
"This transaction sharpens IDT's strategic focus while reducing operating expenses and improving profitability," said Ted Tewksbury, president and CEO at Integrated Device Technology.
Integrated Device Technology, Inc., the Analog and Digital Company™, develops system-level solutions that optimize its customers' applications. IDT uses its market leadership in timing, serial switching and interfaces, and adds analog and system expertise to provide complete application-optimized, mixed-signal solutions for the communications, computing and consumer segments. Headquartered in San Jose, Calif., IDT has design, manufacturing and sales facilities throughout the world. IDT stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Stock Market® under the symbol "IDTI." Additional information about IDT is accessible at www.IDT.com. Follow IDT on Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, and YouTube.
IDT and the IDT logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Integrated Device Technology, Inc. All other brands, product names and marks are or may be trademarks or registered trademarks used to identify products or services of their respective owners. | {
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} |
Seagate Prison From 'Luke Cage' Is Already Holding Several MCU Villains
Luke Cage got his powers while incarcerated, which is neither the typical superhero origin story nor the typical jail experience. He was clearly being held in a special place to get that kind of treatment, so what is Seagate Prison on Luke Cage ? This location from Marvel comics is already a part of the MCU. There are some integral spoilers for Luke Cage ahead, so come back when you're done if you don't want to be spoiled.
On Luke Cage, Carl Lucas is betrayed by Willis Stryker and sent to Seagate Prison, which is located on an island off the coast of Georgia. He meets fellow Marvel characters there including Shades, Billy Bob Rackham, and Dr. Noah Burstein. It's also where he meets his wife, Reva Connors — who was later killed by Jessica Jones under Kilgrave's mind-control orders. There are rumors that prisoners are being experimented on, which turns out to be more than true.
However, Seagate Prison was first mentioned on screen in Iron Man 2. Justin Hammer, who was Tony Stark's rival billionaire playboy inventor, got sent there at the end of the film. It's also where Trevor Slattery, who posed as "the Mandarin" for Aldrich Killian in Iron Man 3 was imprisoned. In the Marvel One-Shot "All Hail The King," a documentary filmmaker checks up on Slattery, and then kidnaps him for an organization called the Ten Rings and the "real" Mandarin.
Marvel Entertainment on YouTube
The entire One-Shot, which is available on the DVD for Thor: The Dark World, shows Justin Hammer there as well. You may be ready to put Iron Man 2 behind you, but Luke Cage has not. Hammer Tech plays a pretty significant role in the Netflix series. I half-expected to see Sam Rockwell in the finale, but Hammer appears in name only. Clearly, a lot is going on at Seagate that we don't know about in the Marvel Universe. I wouldn't be surprised if it shows up again.
Image: Myles Aronowitz/Netflix | {
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It took less than five days for these tulips to go from tight buds to blown flowers. Flowers are ephemeral by nature, making them all the more precious in our eyes. They give of their beauty and then are gone.
This entry was posted in My Photos and tagged blown tulip, ephemeral, faded flowers, photography, Tulip, WPC. Bookmark the permalink.
A perfect choice for this challenge. The flowers and their color is a gift, but I feel that their very briefness is also an important gift. It's a reminder to return to the moment. What a delightful challenge this one is.
I agree, a happy challenge to jump into!
They are Beautiful Eliza, I love the top image – well done.
Wow, great light and form!
Thanks to you, dear Julie! Enjoy your weekend!
You're welcome! Thanks Eliza, you too!
Great thoughts, sounds like poetry!
These are beautiful! Great shots.
Exquisite. You've captured the texture so beautifully.
Thanks for expanding the meaning of ephemeral for me in sharing your beautiful tulip images. | {
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21 Pułk Piechoty - oddział piechoty Armii Księstwa Warszawskiego.
Sformowany w 1812 w Białymstoku. Był jednym z pięciu pułków piechoty powstałych w Wielkim Księstwie Litewskim.
Pułki były wzorowane na Wojsku Księstwa Warszawskiego – miały także identyczne mundury. Różniły się natomiast blachami na czapkach. Zamiast orła musiała być pogoń ale także spotykało się blachy z dwoma godłami polskim i litewskim oraz różniły się kokardami - były białe, a nie jak w wojsku Księstwa Warszawskiego – niebiesko-biało-karmazynowe.
Pułk walczył w 1813 w obronie Modlina.
Po abdykacji Napoleona, car Aleksander I wyraził zgodę na odesłanie oddziałów polskich do kraju. Miały one stanowić bazę do tworzenia Wojska Polskiego pod dowództwem wielkiego księcia Konstantego. 13 czerwca 1814 roku pułkowi wyznaczono miejsce koncentracji w Siedlcach.
Pułk nie został jednak odtworzony, bowiem etat armii Królestwa Polskiego przewidywał tylko 12 pułków piechoty. Nowe pułki piechoty sformowano dopiero po wybuchu powstania listopadowego. Rozkaz dyktatora gen. Józefa Chłopickiego z 10 stycznia 1831 roku nakładał obowiązek ich organizowania na władze wojewódzkie. W województwie podlaskim tworzony był 1 Pułk Województwa Podlaskiego przemianowany później na 21 pułk piechoty liniowej
Obsada personalna
Dowódcy pułku:
płk Karol Dominik Przeździecki (od 13 lipca 1812)
płk Giełgud (od 29 sierpnia 1812).
major pułku - Węgierski
dowódca 1 batalionu - Górski
dowódca 2 batalionu - Andrychiewicz
dowódca 3 batalionu - Łaszewski
Przypisy
Bibliografia
Andrzej Tomaszewicz "Wojsko Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w roku 1812" Nasz Czas 18/2006 (692)
Pułki piechoty Księstwa Warszawskiego
Wojsko Polskie w Białymstoku
Wojsko Polskie w Siedlcach | {
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Students "March For Our Lives"
By Savannah Tribune | on March 28, 2018
By Kendra Frederick, SSU Student Intern
Protestors in Savannah gather in Forsyh Park to discuss gun violence and encourage voter registration.
Thousands of students, teachers and supporters gathered to participate in the "March For Our Lives" protest held last Saturday. The crowd gathered in Wright Square in downtown Savannah and began the march at 11a.m. to Forsyth Park.
Protesters from all ages packed the streets of Savannah to march against gun violence. The march started in Wright Square and ended at Forsyth Park. The protest was organized by Savannah College of Art and Design (SCAD) students, Devyn Bauer and Kylie Ruffino. SCAD was not affiliated with the march. "We're here because there have been too many tragedies where too many lives have been lost," Kylie Ruffino told The Savannah Tribune.
The march was a part of the March for Our Lives movement, which grew out of the shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Fla. It was also apart of over a hundred protests to take place over the weekend.
In D.C thousands of protesters filled the streets of the nation's capital. "My generation has spent our entire lives seeing mass shooting after mass shooting, and that needs to end now." said Parkland shooting survivor Cameron Kasky to the crowd.
In Savannah, protesters held signs and shouted, "enough is enough" and "Hey. Hey. NRA, how many kids have to die today?"
A moment of silence was also held for the Marjory Stoneman Douglas victims. "I work in a school and it can be scary. You don't know what's going to happen. I think the kids did great and hopefully the generation in charge will listen because they are the future." said Niki Sarantos, a Texas high school teacher.
Voter registration booths were also set up inside the square and at the park. "Be counted this November. And if you've already registered to vote – register your friends.
More From Front Page Go To The Front Page Section
Savannah Hair Salon Hosts Ball To Benefit Local Children
Annual Savannah Black Heritage Festival Opens Feb. 1 | {
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Co conics unveils three new laptops in India: The C314A, CC11B and CC11A
Colonics unveiled three new laptop models in India. These models are called the Colonics CC11B, CC11A, and C314A. The CC11B is an 11-inch laptop that can be folded to form a tablet. While the CC11A has been designed especially for student use, the Comics C314A is water-resistant. While the Colonics CC11A sports an 11-inch display, the Comics C314A sports a 14-inch display. All three of them have a battery life of up to 8 hours. The company said that the laptops would be available for distribution from the second quarter of 2019.
M Sivasankar, Secretary IT, Chairman of KSITM, said, "Our vision of Colonics is to create a vibrant hardware manufacturing ecosystem in the state of Kerala. This includes collaboration between the innovative start-up companies and small and medium; IT enterprises both in the Government and Private sectors. This manufacturing ecosystem would, over a period of time, cater to the needs of Kerala, our country, and also to the global demand by producing hardware products of remarkable quality."
Now to talk about the specifications of the three models. The Comics CC11B sports an 11-inch FHD IPS Display and is powered by Intel Celeron N3350. The laptop has 4GB RAM and comes with 64GB onboard storage. The CC11B runs Windows 10 OS and sports a metallic casing. The device also has USB-Type C and is very portable. As the company claims, the Comics CC11B is specially designed for frequent travelers. The Comics CC11A is powered by Intel Celeron N4000 and sports an 11-inch HD Display. The laptop has 2GB RAM, 64GB storage and operates on Windows 10.
Finally, the Conics C314A sports a 14-inch HD display and is powered by Intel i3 7100U. The device brings 4GB RAM and 500GB of internal storage. It runs on the Windows 10 operating system.
Alexander Varghese, CAO of UST Global, said, "We are excited about Colonics, India's latest OEM/ODM, built-in line with Government of India's 'Make in India' initiative. With the larger vision of creating a hardware ecosystem in Kerala, we intend to leverage our relationship with Intel to take this venture to the next level. We aim to utilize the unique partnership model with the government and the strong ESDM partners already available in the state to bring in more manufacturing to the country."
These laptops will be aimed at first-time laptop users and will fall in the budget segment. We will not be surprised if we see the price of under Rs 20,000 for them.
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Computers to help group's paintings with at-danger college students | {
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Where Does Unclaimed Lottery Prize Money Go?
Unclaimed lottery prizes – they occur more often than you think. Any number of situations could lead to lottery jackpots going unclaimed, including lost tickets and players leaving town. Every year, millions of dollars in prizes go unclaimed, and each lottery provider has different strategies for dealing with these situations.หวยลาว
In 2012, the UK's National Lottery saw one of the biggest unclaimed lottery prizes ever. In June 2012, two winning tickets for the Euro Millions lottery draw were bought. One ticket holder came forward and claimed their £63.8 million prize, but the other failed to claim his or her half of the jackpot. After months of hearing nothing, lottery officials launched an extensive campaign to track down the winner – but it was no use. The ticket expired on December 5, 2012, and no one had claimed the prize.
Like all unclaimed UK National Lottery prizes, this jackpot was given to Good Causes, which allocates funding for various community groups and projects. There are 13 groups that benefit from the National Lottery's Good Causes, including the Arts Council and the Heritage Lottery Fund.
In Canada, several multi-million dollar lottery jackpots have gone unclaimed. However, lottery providers like the Ontario Lottery and Gaming Corporation have employed some sophisticated systems in order to help players who have lost their tickets or have had their tickets stolen. Data Analysis and Retrieval Technology (DART) allows lottery officials to scan billions of lottery transactions in a short period of time. This system not only helps to ensure that the person who claims the ticket is the rightful owner; it also has the potential to help players claim prizes if they have lost their winning tickets.
Winning ticket holders have up to one year to claim their prizes. If the player does not come forward within the allotted time, the winnings are used as prizes in other lottery draws.
New Zealand has seen a significant number of lottery tickets go unclaimed in recent years. In 2012 alone, ticket holders failed to claim more than $10 million worth of lottery winnings. However, none of the prizes amounted to more than $1 million. In New Zealand, players have 12 months to claim their lottery prizes. Those that are not claimed are allocated to the Prize Reserve Fund and paid out in future draws.
How to Play Your Favorite Poker Card Game Online
Best Online Sports Betting Info | {
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'In Terrorism We Trust': A Spooky Anglo-American Brotherhood Tradition Since 1915
Posted by Snoopman × September 11, 2013 at 10:09 am
By Steve Edwards AKA Snoopman
This article outlines long historical processes that have been shaped by an Anglo-American Brotherhood. Its draws the connection between their secret efforts to destabilize Syria since 2011, and a well-established pattern of Anglo-American state-sponsored terrorism used to convert uncooperative countries into 'free markets' since the 1960s. It then locates Obama's Blitz speech at St Petersburg within the context of the Anglo-American Brotherhood's covert plots that embroiled not only America in World War I and II, but also their deliberate build up of the Nazi war machine for the eventual goal of world domination. This article also sketches the Anglo-American Fraternity's involvement in 9/11 and the 7/7 London bombings. To conclude, it clarifies why any expectation that the Anglo-American dominated media system would boldly communicate this secret and exceptionally spooky history of the Anglo-American Brotherhood is logically flawed. It argues that non-governmental organizations worldwide need to 'kill' their Sacred Cows if they are serious about world peace (See: Snoopman News for sourced references and footnotes at http://snoopman.wordpress.com/category/war-terrorism-propaganda/).
Attempts made recently by the United States' executive branch of government to gain widespread international and domestic support for a war on Syria have 'deep' historical precedents. These 'deep' historical precedents, however, remain suppressed. In Syria's case, propaganda has been used to justify military intervention, while ignoring US-NATO-Israeli sponsored covert operations to create Syria's civil war. Just as today, most Americans are opposed to a potential US-led war on Syria; 'the American people' were largely against being embroiled in Europe's wars prior to the United States' military joining in the conflicts that became known as World Wars One and Two. Then, as now, a consortium of wealthy Anglo-American ruling class elites agitated for war and used the media as mechanisms of propaganda.[1] Since propaganda is the mass deployment of persuasion by dominant coalitions, who omit key evidence in order to gain society's submission, grass-roots education of mass populaces is vital to counter those that agitate for war.[2]
The most effective way to do this is to show with historical examples the criminality that is required to launch wars, emphasize the historical continuity of war-agitating criminal groups that occupy core institutions, and identify the leading war criminals among today's transnational capitalist class.[3] By exposing these patterns, this strategy can undermine the legitimacy of key insiders and institutions. Building a case for war criminality is essential to the construction of a global pro-peace coalition. Otherwise, the key criminal groups of what I call an Anglo-American Brotherhood will remain intact.
In support of my argument that an Anglo-American Brotherhood's business is making wars as a means to gain control over resources in order to make money (and control populations through its own banking system), I will outline its secret history back to the early 1890s. First, I will briefly provide context to the Syrian civil war. Then, I will correct popular perceptions about the Anglo-American Brotherhood's involvement in World War I and II, post-1945 military interventions, and make the connection between terrorism and free markets.
A Plan to Bomb Syria into a 'Free market' Utopian Future?
Following the apparent gas attacks in Damascus, the Obama regime blamed Syria's Assad regime for using chemical weapons on its own people.[4] US government officials claimed they had verifiable evidence, but refused to release it to the public. Many critics have pointed out that because the United States government justified its second War on Iraq on claims it fabricated with the United Kingdom government, the world remains justifiably suspicious of the case made recently for military intervention in Syria's civil war. To recap, America's second War on Iraq started in March 2003, based on deceptive claims that the Saddam regime had: weapons of mass destruction stockpiles, aided Al Qaeda in the 9/11 terror attacks and was a threat to the security of the United States.[5]
It took the world's major media outlets until late 2005 to force an admission from George W. Bush that his administrations' claims about Iraq's alleged weapons of mass destruction were false, and a further 10 months to get the US president to admit that there was no connection between Saddam Hussein and 9/11.[6] This failure by the world's major media outlets occurred because they ignored the lesson that at least 15 million people were trying to teach. The massive worldwide anti-Iraq war demonstrations of February 15 2003 occurred because people everywhere did not believe the claims of the Bush and Blair governments.[7] The major news outlets' belated challenge, and their subsequent failure to stay on the story to pressure for prosecutions of key players in the George W. Bush and Tony Blair regimes for conspiring to make war, bares much cause for skepticism over the case made recently for a US-led air raid on Syria.
The pro-Anglo-American world media system is ignoring a long-range plan to destabilize the Syrian government. This war plan is part of a broader Middle East war plan. As former US General Wesley Clark disclosed in 2007, he learned in November 2001 that Pentagon war planners had a plan "to take out seven countries in five years, starting with Iraq, and then Syria, Lebanon, Libya, Somalia, Sudan and finishing off [with] Iran."[8] Despite US president Obama and US secretary of state John Kerry outlining a war plan that would allegedly not involve 'troops on the ground', NATO Special Forces from Britain, France, Qatar, Turkey and the United States have laid a quiet siege on Syria beginning in mid-March 2011. As has been reported copiously on Russia Today and Global Research, these agent provocateurs have been supplying rebel forces with finance, arms, ammunition, and communications equipment inside Syria's borders, in contravention of international law.[9] This antagonism also contradicts the pro-Anglo-American world media's picture of a civil war, wherein they have reproduced the perception that only state militaries have access to the nerve agent, sarin. Indeed, the very justification for a NATO 'humanitarian intervention' relies on the world not knowing that NATO forces have been supplying arms to Islamic fundamentalist fighters affiliated with Al Qaeda to help take out a government of an Arab country.
Syria, along with Iraq, Lebanon, Libya, Somalia, Sudan and Iran got on the Pentagon's hit list because they were neither members of the Bank for International Settlements, the central banks of central banks, nor were they members of the World Trade Organization. This meant that they were not under the control of their jurisdictions and, therefore, their financial and trade systems were not sufficiently liberalized. Without a 'free market' economic framework in place, huge banking and industrial transnational corporations would not be able to economically exploit these countries for their natural 'resources', including humans.[10]
The United States insists that oil be traded in US currency, which is controlled by a Wall Street-Federal Reserve banking cartel.[11] Thus, in order to introduce 'free market' economic frameworks to mostly benefit the Anglo-American Brotherhood, a US-led NATO-Israeli sponsored armed insurrection is the current means to gain control of numerous governments in the Arab world. In Syria's case, it is aligned with oil-rich Iran, which supplies oil to Russia and China and is nearing completion of a gas pipeline to the Arabian Sea port of Gwadar, in southwest Pakistan that will supply China. Additionally, in July 2011, Iran, Iraq and Syria, agreed to build an oil pipeline that would, in effect, make Syria a 'Pipelineistan' route to the Caspian Sea, the Black Sea, Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean.[12] Syria also has oil and gas.
As professor Michel Chossudovsky reports on Global Research, numerous US senators in August 2011 lobbied Obama for economic sanctions on Syria that were intended to isolate the country from selling or supplying oil and gas. In other words, the US sanctions were a form of economic warfare. Economic warfare uses economic means as a political strategy to coerce competitors to alter their policies or actions, or to weaken their capacity to engage with other economies.[13]
We, therefore, all need to interpret US president Barack Obama's Blitz comment made on September 6 2013 at the G20 summit in St Petersburg as propaganda. Obama compared the American mass populaces' reluctance to be embroiled in another Middle East war with their forebears' during the Nazi-era.[14] Prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor, 'the American people' were largely opposed to rescuing Britain from Nazi aerial bombings or the Blitz.[15] Obama's Blitz comparison was propaganda, not simply because the US Military-Industrial-Think Tank Complex has no empathy for ordinary humans being maimed and killed, whether by gas attacks abroad, or by terrorism occurring on 'American soil'. Rather, it is because an American president and other leading state actors can only make this kind of manipulative claim because the true history of Anglo-American antagonism to create the conditions for World War I and II is not widely known.
Bombing the World into Freedom: World Wars One and Two
As William Engdahl argues in his books, A Century of War and Gods of Money, an American oligarchy has maintained secret alliances with their British counterparts not only to provoke war through economic warfare but also through covert acts of terror. Over time, the Anglo-American Fraternity has refined the art of what is known as 'false flag operations'.[16] Such operations involve covert acts of provocation to lure an enemy to make an overt attack, or actual acts of terror conducted by the state with the intention to frame the enemy as the perpetrator. This alliance of the Anglo-American Brotherhood is maintained with the cover of sophisticated propaganda.
Their first venture in clandestine operations was undertaken as a means to embroil the United States in the European war that commenced in 1914, as G. Edward Griffin argues in his book, The Creature from Jekyll Island. On May 1 1915, an armed auxiliary cruiser class military ship called the Lusitania, set sail from New York across the Atlantic carrying a cargo that included six million rounds of ammunition that were illegally supplied by the J.P. Morgan Company. The British ship was sunk off the coast of Ireland on May 7 after a German U-Boat fired one torpedo. Unbeknown to its civilian passengers, the ship, which was built as a cruise liner that could be commandeered by the Royal Navy in time of war, had been re-registered as a military vessel after a re-fit in 1913.
The captain of the Lusitania was not informed that there would be no rendezvous with a British destroyer, the Juno, which was called off its escort mission at the last minute. Crucially, Winston Churchill, a Freemason who at the time was First Lord of the Admiralty, issued an order in October 1914 that British merchant ships were to ram or fire at German U-boats. By Churchill's own admission, his order would coerce German U-boats to make their attacks fully submerged. Churchill reasoned that it would raise the probability that the German U-boats would mistake a neutral Great Power's vessel for a British ship and therefore Britain would gain more Allies to fight Germany. Although 1195 people died in the sinking of the Lusitania, the expected "flame of indignation" did not "sweep America … into the war", as president Woodrow Wilson's closest advisor and agent provocateur, Colonel Edward Mandell House, put it in his private papers.[17] The propaganda did not work as the key protagonists expected.
To gain America's entry into what became known as World War I, the United States government demonized Germans in the minds of the American public. On 13 April 1917, president Woodrow Wilson tasked a Committee on Public Information with a pro-war mission to persuade 'the American people' because Britain's two-front war with Germany was unraveling due, in part, to mutiny in an exhausted Russian Army, Britain's ally. The American oligarchy, around the orbit of the Morgan banking and industrial dynasty, was faced with financial ruination because it had advanced the European Allied Powers with $1.5 billion in credit, and had underwritten $5 billion in supplies. If the Allied Powers had lost and Germany had been able to control the Eurasian landmass (the Middle East and Central Asia), then they would have struggled to service their loans. Crucially, Britain was bankrupt on the eve of the 'Great War'. Consequently, the American oligarchy would have been unlikely to realize their covert plans to dominate the world. To this end, the propaganda manufactured by the Committee on Public Information included fake images of German soldiers bayoneting Belgian babies.[18]
Across the Atlantic, the British oligarchy deliberately created the conditions to make war with Germany well before 1914, and devised a two global war strategy, with their American counterparts' conscious help. As assistant professor of political economy at the University of Washington, Guido Giacomo Preparata, demonstrates in his book Conjuring Hitler, Germany's industrial strength was perceived as a threat to the waning British Empire. To correct this intolerable situation, the British oligarchy pursued an encirclement strategy over the entire Eurasian landmass to 'lock out' the rival European power. Indeed, the British oligarchy long had a belligerent policy for making war against the strongest power of continental Europe by making secret agreements with the second strongest power. By 1907, the British oligarchy had sealed a 'Triple Entente' agreement with France and Russia, which bound these powers to fight Germany if it was at war with Britain. The British oligarchy was intent on preventing Germany completing a railroad to Baghdad, and thus, gaining a trans-continental link to a major source of oil that would rival the British and French-controlled Suez Canal route. A consensus, traceable back to early 1890s, drove the ambitions of Britain's oligarchy to reignite the British Empire. The British oligarchy were (and still are) bound by a fraternal brotherhood of London clubs, comprised of bankers, diplomats, officers and the aristocrats.
The British Fraternity's biggest fear was that Germany would forge an alliance with Russia. Drawing Germany into a two front-war would ensure Germany would be smashed, and its remnant society would be ripe in the inter-war years for financial and economic attack. The two-front war strategy would also ensure that Germany would weaken Russia. In the inter-war period, the Bank of England's governor, Montagu Norman, managed the collapse of the Germany economy, by masterminding an unstable web of debt, speculation and international trade between 1925 and 1931. Norman did this as part of a broader, older plan hatched by the British Fraternity to conjure a political foe in the German Republic that could be provoked to make war and, thus, in the ensuing conflict wreck Britain's two strongest rivals on the European continent, Germany and Russia.
Since the American capitalist oligarchy and elites that comprised the US state saw the opportunity to emerge from these global conflicts as the world's dominant military and financial empire, they devised their own belligerent strategy. In Gods of Money, Engdahl draws on excellent scholarly work to disclose that the Wall Street banking and industrial cartel did not stop at financing the Allied Powers in the European war that became World War I. Because this criminal group was left intact, they were free to make bigger and bolder plans. As Engdahl, and Anthony Sutton, in Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler, make clear, the American Fraternity deliberately financed the Nazis. The Wall Street banks included: the Chase National Bank (now JP Morgan Chase); the Schroeder-Rockefeller Company; the Manhattan Bank; the National City Bank of New York (now Citibank); the New York Trust Company; V. A. Harriman & Co. and Dillon & Read.[19]
Furthermore, Engdahl and Sutton, along with Charles Higham in Trading with the Enemy, and Edwin Black in numerous books, including Nazi Nexus, demonstrate that some of America's leading industrial corporations supplied the fascist regime with patents, technologies and materials, in order to ultimately gain from the destruction of the Third Reich's war machine. These corporations included: International Business Machines (IBM), Rockefeller's Standard Oil cartel, General Motors, General Electric, DuPont, Dow Chemical and International Telephone and Telegraph (IT&T). Without these technologies and co-investments from American industrial and banking corporations, the Nazis could not have: motorized their army; flown bombers and fighter planes; manufactured explosives on an epic scale; and exploited information to make the inevitable Holocaust as horrific as it became.
Yet, these two global wars were ostensibly fought to uphold the value of 'freedom' that the 'free world' was meant to regard highly. As Preparata points out in Conjuring Hitler, both global conflicts resulted in the destruction of 70 million lives. In light of these revisions of officially sanitized 20th century history, Obama's reference to America's Nazi-era reluctance to be embroiled in a war with Britain needs to be considered as an encoded threat. Recall that the Anglo-American Brotherhood actively helped build-up the Nazi war machine, so that they could re-order the world at the end of the global conflict. Remember also that the American Fraternity supplied the Nazis with the technology to build and fuel bombers that terrorized London. It is, therefore, hypocritical to infer that Bashar Al-Assad is a new Hitler without contextualizing how Hitler was conjured.
Obama's Blitz reference made at St Petersburg also worked as a tacit threat to the Russian government, particularly as the American oligarchy did not limit itself to bankrolling World War I. As Anthony Sutton has shown in his book Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution, Wall Street bankers also financed the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, which led to the abdication of the Russian Czar Nicholas II at Petrograd (now St Petersburg). By supporting the removal of the Russian monarchy, the American oligarchy hoped to be the eventual benefactors of the vast industrial conglomerates constructed by a strong communist state, as chief investigator in the 1953 Reece Special Committee on Tax Exempt Foundations, Norman Dodd stated in a 1982 interview with G. Edward Griffin.[20]
Why the Anglo-American Brotherhood Still Fights
In his 2006 documentary, Why We Fight, Eugene Jarecki demonstrates the United States has engaged in acts of terror to overthrow democratically elected governments nearly every year since 1945, all over the world. Made primarily for an American audience, Why We Fight compellingly argues that key insiders that comprise a US Military-Industrial-Think-Tank Complex do not care about the loss of life, whether they are civilians or military personnel, foreign or domestic. The United States is an empire that fights wars to secure resources for its transnational corporations. Through a collection of interviews with experts, Jarecki's documentary argues that America's military and transnational corporations have built numerous new bases in the Middle East and Central Asia regions, since launching its 'global war on terror' after the terrorism of September 11 2001. In other words, the US Military-Industrial-Think-tank Complex's key insiders care only about the projection of military power because wars and other acts of terror make new jurisdictions safe for 'free markets'. In short, the Anglo-American Brotherhood is pursuing a 'global neocolonial project'.[21]
Indeed, as Canadian journalist Naomi Klein argues in her 2007 book The Shock Doctrine, when the 'free market' economic framework was field-tested in the mid-1960s to mid-1970s, US-backed terrorism was required to clear the opposition for the 'economic shock treatments' that followed. Five countries – Brazil, Indonesia, Chile, Uruguay and Argentina – pursued a developmentalist economic framework and were all subjected to US-supported military juntas and/or CIA-backed coups. The perpetually 'developing' countries had demanded Western technology so they could 'develop', as a 'fair trade' for having supplied the raw materials for the 'long post-war boom'. Here, it is worth considering that terrorism is the use of violence or the threat of the use of violence to advance a political agenda.[22] When terrorism is properly defined, it becomes clearer why it is vital to the projection of American state power that terrorism is commonly perceived as heinous acts only conducted by either networks of stateless criminals, dictators, or other 'rogue states' (with no connections to Western capitalist 'democracies'). To counter this myth, Klein shows the link between the spread of 'free markets' in far-flung places and the use of terrorism by the US, which has persisted into the 2000s. She argues that the United States government resembles a venture capitalist providing seed funds to the Complex.
Because there is a long historical continuity underpinning the clandestine activities that bond the Anglo-American Brotherhood, the US president's Blitz reference was a potent signal to those most-attuned to tacit threats; state actors with top security clearances to access the secret histories of the world's major powers. Russian president Vladimir Putin is one such actor. Obama is another. Following his Blitz speech, Obama appealed to 'the American people' in a live television address from the White House on September 10 in an effort to manipulate them into supporting military action. [23] Significantly, Obama acknowledged that a United States-led alliance had supplied "humanitarian support", worked to "moderate the opposition" and sort to influence the politics of Syria. In other words, Obama framed the US-NATO-Israel led armed insurrection as a 'just cause', without claiming responsibility for the 100,00 deaths thus far, or explaining the Pentagon's original five-year plan for seven 'rogue' Arabic states.
Putin followed with an open-ed piece in The New York Times in which he argued for the Obama regime to return to diplomacy. Crucially, Putin objected to Obama's invocation of "American exceptionalism".[24] The Russian president stated it was dangerous for a people to be persuaded to think that they are exceptional. Indeed, the concept of American exceptionalism purports that the nation and its people are special. American exceptionalism is used by political actors to assert a moral high ground, while committing breaches of human rights, breaking laws, and denying the needs of communities to live peacefully, either internationally or domestically. As Huffington Post's Michael Gene Sullivan caustically wrote, the United States "had two things that make [it] special, and have dictated [its] rise to dominance [which is] the Atlantic and Pacific".[25] These two oceans essentially act as giant moats that make it extremely hard for foreign adversaries to conquer in war. In other words, American exceptionalism is a euphemism for older traits characteristic of 'Great Powers': hypocrisy, arrogance and amorality.
Subsequently, the Putin and Obama regimes drew up a plan to have Syria destroy its chemicals weapons. This framework gives the Syrian government an extremely tight time-line to comply with the conditions.[26] Usually, a chemical weapons treaty gives nations 60 days to provide an inventory of munitions, but in Syria's case it was given one week. Ironically, Syria then has nine months to destroy all its chemical weapons, while the United States has taken 18 years, thus far, to partially dispose of its own chemical weapons stockpile. These moves between Russia and the United States can, therefore, be seen as the result of coercion from the US-NATO-Israeli orchestrated civil war. Because the role of the US-NATO-Israeli alliance remains the metaphorical elephant in the Syrian civil war 'theatre', this new deal is merely a tactical counter move on the 'grand chessboard' that is geopolitics.
Meanwhile, a United Nations' chemical weapons inspection team has produced it report into the alleged gas attacks of August 21 2013. According to journalist Robert Parry, the UN chemical weapons inspectors' report gave mixed results.[27] Parry notes that the UN team relied on the Syrian rebels for access to sites, victims and witnesses and that the report stated evidence at sites had been "moved" and "possibly manipulated". What Parry highlights are 'chain of custody' issues, which chemical weapons expert Jean Pascal Zanders described as a problem associated with weapons inspection teams not having full control over sample collection, whether from victims or the contaminated sites.[28] Parry also points out the Obama regime continues to withhold its alleged evidence that the Syrian government was responsible for the attacks.
Science journalist Yoichi Shimatsu goes further, accusing biochemist and the mission head of the UN inspection team, Ake Sellstrom of being a NATO front man. The biochemist is head of the European CBRNE Center (Center for advanced Studies of Societal Security and Vulnerability), with a particular focus on dangerous substances that can be used for weapons of mass destruction.[29] Funded by the Swedish Ministry of Defence, the European CBRNE Center conducts joint projects with the Israeli Institute of Technology, Technion, which provides technologies for the Israeli intelligence and defence apparatus. In their letter of transmittal to the United Nations Security Council and the General Assembly, dated September 13 2013, Sellstrom & Co. claimed the samples they collected "provided clear and convincing evidence that surface-to-surface rockets containing the nerve agent sarin were used in Ein Tarma, Moadamiyah and Zamalka in the Ghouta area of Damascus".[30] Shimatsu states that Sellstrom's strategy has been to let the US off the hook for supplying Middle East and North African countries with nerve gas materials, storage technologies and delivery systems, as he evidently did with his weapons inspections of Iraq.
In effect, Obama's Blitz reference made in St Petersburg and his invocation of American exceptionalism from the White House was not merely a mission to persuade. When we remember that terrorism is not only the use of violence to achieve a political agenda, but also the threat of the use of violence, regardless of whether it is a 'rogue' state or an 'exceptional' state, then it becomes evident that Obama's rhetoric masks encoded threats of terrorism. If we keep in mind that the US is a key player in creating the Syrian civil war, then Obama's Blitz threat takes on an exceptional spookiness that must have passed through Putin's mind. After all, Putin stated that the Syrian rebels had "powerful foreign patrons" and that these mercenaries "threaten us all", even after the present conflict ends. If only Putin had provided footnotes and source references.
From 9/11 to 7/7: the Anglo-American Brotherhood 'Moving Forward'
Obama's Blitz threat does not mean that the Anglo-American Brotherhood would aerial bomb St Petersburg or London. As if. Like any criminal group of psychopaths, the key to the Anglo-American Brotherhood's power over their intended victims (the hapless masses of the world) is subterfuge. To this end, the Anglo-American media system plays a vital role to reproduce propaganda that pervades the world's news. This subterfuge is no more evident than in the cover-up of the sophisticated terrorism that underpinned 9/11.
Fortunately, the world is waking up to the fact that the nineteen 9/11 hijackers were simply patsies in an epic-scale plot that could not have wrought the spectacular destruction that unfolded without meticulous planning by criminal actors within the United States government. Indeed, numerous scholars, journalists and professionals contest the official 9/11 terrorism narrative.[31] Together, their citizens'-initiated 9/11 investigations argue that the official core claims are implausible. Their investigations vary according to expertise, such as technical studies of: the near-free fall speed collapses of the three towers that imploded at the World Trade Centre; tracking the four hijacked flights; and presenting the more likely suspects.[32] Among this group of 9/11 investigators, are individuals such as Kevin Ryan, Ian Henshall, Rowland Morgan, Mike Ruppert and Webster Tarpley, who posit that deep state criminal actors occupied key leadership, technical and planning positions within the United States corporate world and state apparatus, and orchestrated the terrorism of September 11, 2001. Furthermore, author of 9/11 Synthetic Terror Webster Tarpley, has found that there were up to 46 terror drills and war games that occurred on September 11 2001.[33] These exercises provided the necessary cover for criminal actors within the state-corporate nexus to make the terror drills and war games go live.
Similarly, the London bombings of 7 July 2005 are also distinguished for having terror drills that went live. A 7/7-terror drill script envisaged trains bombed by terrorists at three stations, Edgware, Aldgate and Piccadilly. These train stations are exactly where all three London Underground attacks occurred. (According to numerous reports, the probability of coincidence is infinitesimally close to zero). The news media, however, downplayed this admission made by the head of a crisis management company, Visor Consultants' Peters Powers, who stated on BBC Radio 4 and television that his company was "running an exercise … in London based on simultaneous bombs going off precisely at the railway stations where it happened this morning."[34] As in the United States, a July 7th Truth Campaign has emerged in the United Kingdom in the absence of serious investigations into the '7/7' terrorism plot.[35] As with 9/11, the evidence of the '7/7' terrorism points to a conspiracy designed by key insiders between the British state apparatus and private firms.
In this way, Obama's air raid reference also conjures the spectre of another 'surprise attack'. 9/11 was not the first time that the US government played dumb when planes attacked targets within the territory of the United States. Here, it is important to counter popular cultural memory that still holds that the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 1941 was unprovoked, and a surprise. In his book Day of Deceit, Rob Stinnett argues compellingly that a secret inner circle around president Roosevelt had conspired with the British and Dutch governments to cut off crucial supplies of oil, steel and aviation lubricants to Japan. This strategy, embarked upon in early 1941 after US military code-breakers successfully deciphered Japanese diplomatic and military encrypted communications in December 1940, was intended to draw the United States into another global war.[36] In order to emerge as controllers of the world's dominant military and financial power, the American Brotherhood knew that the American public would need to be sufficiently angered into unwittingly supporting their war activism. Therefore, the encoded meaning embedded in Obama's reference to the London Blitz can also be read as a tacit endorsement of more home-baked terrorism, should it be deemed necessary.
Breaking the Trance-like Walk into a World Totalitarian State
Because every state in the world failed in its duty to test the official 9/11 story, the Bush regime was able to launch a 'global war on terror'. Indeed, 9/11 was used to justify increases in state surveillance worldwide. Yet, it needs to be remembered that when the mainstream media could no longer ignore the Bush regime's justifications for America's second War on Iraq were false, major news outlets everywhere, however, also failed to seriously question whether the reasons for the broader war – the Global War of Terror – were also false. Similarly, because every state in the world also failed in its duty to test the official '7/7 story', the Blair regime was also able to reduce civil liberties and expand state surveillance.
It is, therefore, truly ironic to consider that in today's 'free market' era, the world's most callous centralized planners hark not from communist or fascist regimes of the 20th Century, but rather from the capitalist plutocracies of Britain and America. It is small wonder then that a vital propagandist project to key insiders that comprise the Anglo-American Fraternity is that their true history remains secret. In this regard, it is crucial that no major media outlets print or broadcast a major retraction of the official reasons for the causes of World War I and II, and the terrorism conducted by the United States and United Kingdom since 1945. Otherwise, people would likely conclude that even if the Assad regime was actually responsible for the gas attacks, it would be but another monstrous act conjured by the Anglo-American Fraternity to justify war for covert purposes.
It is also ironic that the Anglo-American media have mentioned that president Bashar Al-Assad's government is struggling with a Muslim Brotherhood that controls the rebel forces ".[37] Their long historical links to the Anglo-American Brotherhood are ignored. In his book, Terrorism and the Illuminati: A Three Thousand Year History, David Livingstone argues that the Muslim Brotherhood was created by Hasan al-Banna, a British agent, and Freemason. Founded in Egypt in 1929, the Muslim Brotherhood was set up as a network of agent provocateurs, or terrorists, in Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Iraq. They were aligned with the Nazis. After World War II, the CIA smuggled Nazis through 'ratlines' out of Germany to South America and the Middle East. Indeed, the CIA supplied the Muslim Brotherhood's Egyptian branch with over one hundred Nazis to train its police and army in the mid-1950s. Furthermore, the CIA's head Allen Dulles created the Banque de Commerciale Arabe, based in Lausanne, Switzerland, for the Muslim Brotherhood. Dulles, who headed the US Office of Strategic Services (OSS), the forerunner clandestine organization to the CIA during World War II, was also a 33rd Degree Freemason.
The Muslim Brotherhood indoctrinates and recruits young Arab men to become Islamic fundamentalist 'freedom fighters' in the false belief that they will be fighting to restore the purity of Islam. But as Livingstone points out, the echelon of the Muslim Brotherhood outwardly profess adherence to Islam, while being aligned to the same subversive networks of agent provocateurs that comprise the Anglo-American Brotherhood. He argues that the over-arching goal is to achieve the age-old psychopathic quest of world domination. Livingstone contends that the Anglo-American and Muslim Brotherhoods aim to provoke a third and final world war, focused on the Muslim World, via the manufactured 'War on Terror'.
Indeed, Martin Short found some traction to the contention that Freemasonry's biggest secret was a world dominion goal. In his book Inside the Brotherhood, Short criticized the Masonic order for being "bigoted, militant" and for venerating the "Crusaders who pillaged and slaughtered their way round the Eastern Mediterranean for centuries".[38] Short found that Freemasonry initiations oblige members to obey rank within the order and that this translated into a corrupt private network of political and military power and economic privilege. These findings corroborate with the scholarly works about Anglo-American Nazi collaborators already mentioned. Sutton pin-pointed Wall Street international bankers and American industrialists, while Higham identified a 'Fraternity' that pervaded the corporate-state apparatus, and Preparata discovered a 'Grid' of international bankers networked with elite clubs and government bureaucracies.
Therefore, we cannot rely on the Anglo-American Media Complex to retract the official sanitized versions of the Anglo-American Brotherhood's exceptionally spooky history. To assume the Anglo-American Media Complex would pro-actively do this would be akin to 'the natives' of the New World expecting the Vatican's Congretatio de propaganda fide (or The Office for the Propagation of the Faith) to notify them that the Catholic Church's hierarchy had deviously devised a 'discovery doctrine' called terra nullus.[39] This 'discovery doctrine' justified conquest by claiming that the heathen inhabitants of the New World were too 'primitive' to be considered 'sovereign' because they lacked Christian mythology and, therefore, had no legitimate legal or political status.[40] Similarly, the secret history of the Anglo-American Brotherhood reveals a new 'discovery doctrine' that I call terra terror.
Of course, the indigenous peoples of the New World had no knowledge of the Vatican's Congretatio de propaganda fide. But, nor did they did not expect its missionaries to reveal information that would be so damning to the Great White Race's power structure that it would collapse. It is crucial that people everywhere see the Anglo-American dominated media as the new missionaries who provide cover for the British and American Fraternity's 'global neocolonial project'. Pertinently, manufacturers of propaganda do not mind if their propagandist communications are spoken by ignorant puppets or informed ones, so long as it is convincing to those who still believe in puppets.
The challenge ahead includes the necessary task of communicating this covert history to mass populaces all over the world. It is especially important to anticipate the reluctance of people who consider themselves well informed, because they think that by regularly getting their news from newspapers, the TV networks and radio, then they know the causes of conflicts and the solutions to resolve them. Such people are unaware that the cultivation of 'armchair expertize' is a propagandist strategy in-built into the mass media system, as the documentary Outfoxed shows.[41] Ironically, the stiffest resistance will come from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) required to help build this coalition, partly because they habitually work in their own fox-holes. Such NGOs include unions, churches and cause-focused activists groups, such as Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth and Amnesty International. But more importantly, the real challenge to ending wars is not the key agitators for war. To embark on this epic quest and to sustain it, these institutions will need to metaphorically 'kill' their Sacred Cows.
Whether consciously or not, institutions routinely create 'Sacred Cows', which are their relationships with their members. To gain and retain their memberships, key individuals who found and drive institutions construct pictures or world-views that are comfortable to their respective audiences. The 'comfort zones' that result ultimately prevent institutions from attaining their goals. Because most NGOs do not go for the bulls' eye, which is actually the key criminal groups that run the world, capitalism's global neocolonial project is left intact.
In effect, what NGOs habitually do is pursue 'runner-up' strategies. Their activities are equivalent to an underdog archer, called Xena, who enters an archery competition and makes the choice on the day not to win because its big corporate and state sponsors have also heavily invested in the main contenders. Although many in the community privately back Xena, she knows that because they all work for the big sponsors, it will get awkward for them if they cheer her on and she actually wins. In other words, NGOs are unwilling to ask of their members to have the tenacity to support not merely their cause, but to actively help build a global counter-movement capable of challenging the transnational capitalist classes' global neocolonial project, because they fear losing their members. By choosing to satisfy their Sacred Cows, NGOs protect the confidence that is so vital to the key insiders of the transnational capitalist class. Without this confidence, they would not be able to continue their psychopathic global neocolonial project.
With boldness, calmness, and a smidgeon of humour, we need to articulate far and wide that the human race is currently walking trance-like into the grip of a slickly marketed world totalitarian state. We need to educate people at the grass-roots level about how propaganda works, the historical linkages between the Anglo-American Brotherhood and terrorism, and the need to dismantle capitalism. This private political system of economic exploitation and covert terrorism needs to be replaced with a system that facilitates the construction of peaceful, sustainable and resilient autonomous communities worldwide.[42] To achieve this, a broad international coalition needs to unify with a vision compatible with the qualities of respect, dignity, and integrity to inspire love, creativity and diversity. Without such a vision, the strategies formulated will at best achieve only short-lived victories and waste the massive effort required to mobilize humanity. But, if NGOs articulate a truly inspiring vision of world peace, they can fearlessly aim for the bulls' eye: key insiders of the transnational capitalist class.
Steve Edwards recently graduated with a Masters in Communication Studies from AUT University in New Zealand. His thesis titled "It's the Financial Oligarchy, Stupid" was a media study of the 2007-2008 global financial crisis and bank bailouts. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/5536 By day, he works as a freelance TV news editor. By night, he snoops.
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[1] See: Gods of Money (Engdahl 2009); A Century of War (Engdahl 2004); The Shadows of Power (Perloff 2008); Faking It: How the Media Manipulates the World into War. James Corbett, January 2 2012, Global Research TV. Retrieved from http://www.globalresearch.ca/faking-it-how-the-media-manipulates-the-world-into-war/5336838
[2] In his book Propaganda, Jacques Ellul emphasizes, "The propagandist naturally cannot reveal the true intentions of the principal for whom he acts … That would be to submit the projects to public discussion, to the scrutiny of public opinion, and thus to prevent their success … Propaganda must serve instead as a veil for such projects, masking their true intention" (1965: 58-59 as cited in Herman & Chomsky 2008: LI). See also: Jowett & O'Donnell 1999: 3.
[3] See: William Carroll's, The Making of a Transnational Capitalist Class; and Exposing the Financial Core of the Transnational Capitalist Class by Peter Phillips and Brady Osborne, for studies on the composition and influence of the key insiders that comprise the core of the transnational capitalist class.
[4] American attack on Syria is hard to justify. (2013, September 8). Sunday Star-Times. A15; Obama on fence about Syria strike without Congress' approval. Tracy Connor, September 9 2013. NBC News. Retrieved from http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/09/09/20407499-obama-on-the-fence-about-syria-strike-without-congress-approval?lite
[5] Why We Fight. Jarecki (2006).
[6] Bush admits he was wrong (2005, December 13). Village Voice. Retrieved from http://www.villagevoice.com; Shakir, Faiz (2006, August 21). Bush now says what he wouldn't say before war: Iraq had 'Nothing' to do with 9/11. Think Progress. Retrieved from http://thinkprogress.org/politics/2006/08/21/7016/bush-on-911/
[7] Carr, Matthew. (2013, February 15). Lest we forget: Ten Years ago Anti-Iraq War protestors were in the right. Global Research News. Retrieved from http://www.globalresearch.ca/lest-we-forget-ten-years-ago-anti-iraq-war-protesters-were-in-the-right/5323027; Bohne, Luciana (2013, July 14). Cognitive Dissonance in the White House Imperial Palace. Global Research. Retrieved from http://www.globalresearch.ca/american-dauphin-cognitive-dissonance-in-the-white-house-imperial-palace/5342719
[8] Goodman, Amy. (2007, March 2). Democracy Now. Proof Libyan invasion was planned 10 years in advance. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LpH-1ciXnJQ
[9] Chossudovsky, Michel. (2012, June 15). Syria: NATO's next "Humanitarian War? Global Research. Retrieved from http://www.globalresearch.ca/syria-nato-s-next-humanitarian-war/29234; Chossudovsky, Michel (2013, September 7). A "Humanitarian War" on Syria? Military Escalation. Towards a Broader Middle East-Central Asian War? Global Research. Retrieved from http://www.globalresearch.ca/a-humanitarian-war-on-syria-military-escalation-towards-a-broader-middle-east-central-asian-war/25955; Martin, Abbey. (2013, September 4). Syria War Propagandists Debunked. Weapons of Mass Distraction. Russia Today. Retrieved from http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BdQa3rDse0#t=17
[10] Brown, Ellen. (2013, September 4). Wall Street's Secret "Economic Endgame": Making the World Safe for Banksters, Syria in the Cross-hairs. Global Research. Retrieved from http://www.globalresearch.ca/wall-streets-secret-economic-endgame-making-the-world-safe-for-banksters-syria-in-the-cross-hairs/5348107; See also: Unholy Trinity (Peet 2003); The Grip of Death (Rowbotham 1998); The Globalization of Poverty and the New World Order (Chossudovsky 2003); and Gods of Money (Engdahl 2009).
[11] See: The 'Dollar Glut" Finances America's Global Military Build-up (Hudson 2010); Gods of Money (Engdahl 2009); A Century of War (Engdahl 2004); "It's the Financial Oligarchy, Stupid" (Edwards 2012: 21).
[12] Escobar, Pepe. (2013, April 15). Pipelineistan Geopolitics at Work: Iran, Pakistan, Syria and Qatar. Global Research. Retrieved from http://www.globalresearch.ca/oil-pipeline-geopoltics-iran-pakistan-syria-qatar-pipelineistan-at-work/5331373
[13] See: Encyclopedia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com
[14] Frean, Alexandra & Elliot, Francis. (2012, September 7). Obama evokes spirit of the Blitz in bid to win support for Syria action. The Times. Retrieved from http://www.thetimes.co.uk
[15] See: Robert Stinnett's Day of Deceipt that shows American code-breakers had deciphered Japan's military and diplomatic codes by December 1940.
[16] See: Webster Tarpley's 9/11 Synthetic Terror; Alex Jones' Terrorstorm (2010).
[17] See: The Creature from Jekyll Island (Griffin 2008: 253). See also: Colin Simpson's The Lusitania.
[18] See: Gods of Money (Engdahl 2009); A Century of War (Engdahl 2004).
[19] See also: Banking with Hitler (Elston 1998).
[20] See: Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution (Sutton 1974); Gods of Money (Engdahl 2009); Tax Exempt Foundations and Collectivist Treason – Overthrow of the USA. (Griffin 1982). Internet Archive; The Creature from Jekyll Island (Griffin 2008 263-284).
[21] See also: The Globalization of Poverty and the New World Order (Chossudovsky 2003); Gods of Money (Engdahl 2009); A Century of War (Engdahl 2004). Hegemony or Survival (Chomsky 2004); The Shock Doctrine (Whitecross, Winterbottom & Eaton 2009).
[22] Terrorism (n.d.). Dictionary.com Retrieved from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/terrorism
[23] Full Transcript: President Obama's Sept. 10 speech on Syria. The White House. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com
[24] A Plea for Caution from Russia. Vladimir Putin, September 11 2013. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
[25] The Myth of American Exceptionalism. Michael Gene Sullivan , September 15 2013. Huffington Post. Retrieved from http://www.huffingtonpost.com
[26] Chemical Weapons Deal – US War Postponed, Not Canceled. Bill Van Auken, September 16 2013. Global Research. Retrieved from http://www.globalresearch.ca/syria-chemical-weapons-deal-us-war-postponed-not-canceled/5350061; The Syrian Pact. The Editorial Board, September 11 2013. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com; Obama says Syria deal could offer lesson for Iran talks. Steve Holland, September 15 2013. Reuters. Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com; Obama blasts Vladimir Putin's New York Times Op-Ed, And Critics of the Syria Resolution. Brett Logiurato, September 16 2013. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
[27] Journalist Robert Parry stated that the UN chemical weapons inspectors' report collected 13 samples on August 26, from Moadamiyah, in the Ghouta district of Damascus. He notes that the two laboratories found none of samples tested positive for chemical weapons use. However, from samples collected in the eastern Ghouta neighbourhoods of Zamalka and Ein Tarma on August 28 and 29, one laboratory found sarin in 11 of the 17 samples, while the other lab found sarin in all 17 samples. See: Robert Parry's Murky Clues from UN's Syria Report, September 17 2013. Global Research. Retrieved from http://www.globalresearch.ca/murky-clues-from-uns-syria-report/5350248; See also: Syria Gas Attack: Assad Wrongfully Blamed. Stephen Lendman, September 18 2013. Global Research. Retrieved from http://www.globalresearch.ca/syria-gas-attack-assad-wrongfully-blamed/5350350
[28] Top Chemical Weapons Expert Says We Don't Know Who – Or Even What Caused Syrian Deaths. Washington Blog, September 5 2013. Retrieved from http://www.globalresearch.ca/top-chemical-weapons-expert-says-we-dont-know-who-or-even-what-caused-syrian-deaths/5348322
[29]. The Sellstrom Report: The United Nations' Syria Inspector Shills for NATO and Israel. Yoichi Shimatsu, September 18 2013. Global Research. Retrieved from http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-sellstrom-report-the-united-nations-syria-inspector-shills-for-nato-and-israel/5350287
[30]. Report on the Alleged Use of Chemical Weapons in the Ghouta Area of Damascus on 21 August 2013. September 13 2013. United Nations Mission to Investigate Allegations of the Use of Chemical Weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic. Retrieved from https://s3.amazonaws.com/unoda-web/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/SG_Report_of_CW_Investigation.pdf; Also retrieved from http://apps.washingtonpost.com/g/page/world/un-report-on-the-alleged-use-of-chemical-weapons-in-syria/455/ (Note that this joint report to the United Nations carries no title page and therefore has no logos of the United Nations, the World Health Organization and the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. This means there is no cover page for the media use and suggests the authors are not confident about its rigour.
[31] Russia Today News Declares 9/11 An Inside Job False Flag. Daniel Bushell, September 9 2013. The Truth Seeker, Russia Today (RT). Retrieved from http://uncensored.co.nz/2013/09/09/russia-today-news-declares-911-an-inside-job-false-flag-attack/
[32] See: 9/11 Revealed – Challenging Facts Behind the War on Terror (Henshall & Morgan 2005); 9/11 Revealed: The New Evidence (Henshall 2007); The 9/11 Conspiracy: The Scamming of America (Fetzer 2007); Another Nineteen: Investigating Legitimate 9/11 Suspects (Ryan 2013); 9/11 Synthetic Terror: Made in USA (Tarpley 2007); 9/11: Blueprint for Truth. Architects and Engineers for 9/11 Truth (Gage 2008) http://www.AE911truth.org; Loose Change: Second Edition and Final Cut (Avery 2007) loosechange911.com; 911truth.org]; Demolitions: 9/11 Mysteries (Smallstorm 2007); www.911truth.org; Thompson, Paul et al. "The Complete 911 Timeline Project." Cooperative Research History Commons http://www.historycommons.org/project.jsp?project=911_project
[33] See: The 46 Drills, Operations, War Games, And Activities Of 9/11 (Tarpley n.d.).
[34] See: 7/7 Mock Terror Drill: What Relationship to the Real Time Terror Attacks? (Chossudovsky 2013, July 7).
[35] See: The 7/7 London Bombings and MI5's "Stepford Four" Operation. (Brothers 2013, July 7). See also: J7: The July 7th Truth Campaign at http://www.julyseventh.co.uk
[36] See: Churchill 1954: 341, 350, 459, 470, 473; Engdahl 2004; 2009; Gole 2003; Stinnett 2001: 61, 180-188, 261-263.
[37] Another leader quits post in Syrian exile group. (Mourtada & Barnard 2013, July 8). The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com; Brutality of Syrian Rebels Posing Dilemma in West. (Chivers, C. J. 2013, September 5). The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
[38] Short, Martin. (1989). Inside the Brotherhood, p.106. See also William R. Denslow's 10,000 Famous Freemasons for a who's who of Freemasonry.
[39] See: Mark Crispin Miller's introduction to Edward Bernays' Propaganda.
[40] On the American continent, the English colonizers got around the law of terra nullus by invoking another doctrine vacuum domicilium, claiming that because the "savages" ranged rather than inhabited the "unmanned" wild country and as 'god' intended the land to be cultivated and farmed with livestock, land grabs were justified (Wilson 1999: 93-94). See also: Silver et al. (2003); Ivison, Patton & Sanders (2000): 12; Miller, Ruru, Behrendt & Lindberg (2010).
[41] Outfoxed (Greenwald 2004); Manufacturing Consent (Achbar 1994); Manufacturing Consent (Wintonick & Achbar 1992).
[42] See: Beyond neoliberalism: Discourse, practice and strategy. Neilson (2013, February).
Tags: 7/7 × 9/11 × Bush; war on terror × Churchill × free market × Hitler × Lusitania × NATO × Nazi × Obama × Pearl Harbor × Shock Doctrine × Syria × Terrorism × World War I × World War II
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The Cape Town mayor wants the court to force the DA to hand over evidence of allegations which led to her being sanctioned by the party.
Cape Town mayor Patricia De Lille said she will be returning to the Western Cape High Court tomorrow in a bid to compel the Democratic Alliance (DA) to hand over evidence on which an internal investigation into her leadership was based.
Speaking after successfully challenging the DA's expulsion of her from the party in the High Court in Cape Town, De Lille said she was energised to serve the people of the city as the ruling affirmed her position as mayor, but added she would continue her fight to clear her name.
"Tomorrow I'm back in this court because all of these allegations that they continue is untested allegations that they continue to put out there in the public. They have refused to give us the evidence of the allegations, so tomorrow again the court must now rule and force them to give us the evidence. What kind of justice is that?" she said.
De Lille, who still risks expulsion from the party, is challenging the findings of the Steenhuisen report, named after one of its authors – DA chief whip John Steenhuisen.
She has accused the party of withholding a letter and a cellphone message on which the report was based.
The internal investigation was headed by Steenhuisen and informed the DA's decision to sanction De Lille for misconduct.
The documents De Lille is demanding are a letter from city councillor JP Smith, the mayoral committee member for safety and security, and an SMS that she allegedly sent relating to the performance scoring of former city manager Achmat Ebrahim, at the time he applied for the position.
It is alleged that De Lille demanded a good scoring for Ebrahim as she wanted him to secure the job, a charge she denies. Ebrahim resigned after the allegation were made and he himself was facing suspension.
The DA indicated today it would be studying the judgment before deciding on further action, which could include an appeal of the ruling.
The party has also indicated it would move another motion of no confidence in De Lille. | {
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A populous group of ternary trielide rich (Al, Ga, In) intermetallics forming the NaZn13 structure type has been synthesized from stoichiometric combinations of the elements in an arc melter. These ternary compounds have the general formula AMxT13-x, where A = Ba, Sr, La, Eu, M = Cu and Ag, and T = Al, Ga, and In, with 5 ≤ x ≤ 6.5, and have been structurally characterized by both powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, XPS, and EDS measurements are reported for some of the samples. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments on BaCu5Al8 (BaCu5.10(7)Al7.90(7), cubic, a = 12.205(4) Å, Z = 8) and EuCu6.5Al6.5 (EuCu6.41(5)Al6.59(5), cubic, a = 11.928(1) Å, Z = 8) indicate that the quasi-infinite three-dimensional [CuxAl13-x] framework involves mostly Cu atoms centering icosahedra, with its vertexes randomly occupied by the remaining Cu and Al atoms. On the other hand, when M = Ag, Al shows a greater tendency to occupy the center of the icosahedra. A systematic study of the compositional variation in BaCuxAl13-x demonstrates that the NaZn13 type phase exists within a narrow range of x between five and six. To examine the role of the cation A in stabilizing this structure, quaternary phases, e.g., BaSrAg12Al14 (BaSrAg12.0(1)Al14.0(1), cubic, a = 12.689(1) Å, Z = 4) and SrCeCu12Al14 (SrCeCu11.74(2)Al14.26(2), cubic, a = 11.938(1) Å, Z = 4), were prepared and characterized. Extended Hückel calculations on these ternary aluminides demonstrate how the tuning of the system's stoichiometry maximizes the bonding within the atom-centered icosahedral framework. These calculations also address the substitution pattern of M and T within the [MxT13-x] network. Tight-binding LMTO calculations have also been applied to examine the charge-density and electron-localization functions (ELF) in this structure for different electron counts in order to address the nature of chemical bonding in these phases. One important conclusion from the theoretical results is that the NaZn13 type phases show optimal stability for 40−42 valence electrons for the [MxT13-x] framework.
Reprinted (adapted) with permission from Inorg. Chem., 1999, 38 (3), pp 579–590. Copyright 1999 American Chemical Society.
Nordell, Karen J. and Miller, Gordon J., "Linking Intermetallics and Zintl Compounds: An Investigation of Ternary Trielides (Al, Ga, In) Forming the NaZn13 Structure Type" (1999). Chemistry Publications. 828. | {
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The title is a reference to these moments when you're awake in the middle of the night and the world seems dreadful. You realise what can go wrong in your life. Night Thoughts can be brutally frightening. The whole album is about those traumatic, sleep-depriving memories that have you tossing and turning in your bed. We did the film after we finished the album. It definitely mirrors a lot of the themes on the record such as loss and disaster, paranoids and fear. You can regard the whole film as one big music video. Roger did a perfect job. It was important for us that he could interpret the songs on his own. All in all the album feels like a concept record, but actually we just wanted to have a classic, well-structured and old-fashioned album that you are listening to from first to last song – without playing on your phone in the middle of it.
Anderson: When people look back to their youth they kind of idealise everything. And most of all they start to wail the loss of purity. In fact youth is not only about that. Things really can start to go wrong and slip out of your hands at this very early stage of your life, so this song ruminates in a more rueful way. Musically it was inspired by Wagner. It's a very string-filled, heavy opener!
Anderson: This is a very classic Suede song. It was one of the later ones. We wrote it around the same time we did "No Tomorrow". Before we wrote those two songs the record felt kind of weighty. There are so many private and weighty moments on this album, so the sound somehow mirrored that. At a certain point we realised that we needed another texture here.
Anderson: Again, a very classic Suede moment. This one is more specifically about my father, his relationship with depression and how it affected me and my relationship to my kids. Actually a lot of the songs on the record are about this kind of reflection.
Osman: "Pale Snow" was more or less a lucky accident. It came about by putting two bits of two different songs together. There was the verse of a song and then there was the end of something else. We just put it together. Consequently the song is going through some kind of progess with lots of different chords in it.
Anderson: Yeah, there's a shift that makes it work and connects one song to the other. And that's what makes this record different to Bloodsports. With Bloodsports we were more interested in individual, melodic songs. If you take "Pale Snow" individually, it appears slightly odd in terms of its structure, but if you take the record as a whole, it makes perfect sense. I guess you have to hear "Pale Snow" more than once and then suddenly you realise it's just a beautiful and atmospheric song. Unlikely, but beautiful!
Osman: It's also my favourite moment of the film. Music and scenary are working so well together!
Osman: In fact it was the first song we wrote and the first one we finished. Really one of the fastest!
Anderson: But we changed the structure a lot! We moved the guitar part because it didn't fit with the vocals – speaking about the chorus. So we took the guitar part and used it as a solo, as a post-chorus, and now it's one of my favourites. Richard's playing is just amazing!
Anderson: Musically it's not like anything we've done before. It was kind of hard for my to do these kind of talky lyrics and it's pretty close to funk, which is a strange place for us. This song is almost like a message to my little boy. I'm talking to him.
Osman: It's kind of driving, although the beat is almost too slow for this kind of track. It's strange, but I also like it.
Anderson: And the ending of it is very Suede-like again!
Anderson: We thought about changing the key vocal of it, but in the end we didn't do that. It has a certain feel of drama to it. I like the strings at the end of the song. Again, it was very important for us to link the song to the next one. | {
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…the RealTime accompaniment…let one focus on the singing and still enjoy a night out at the opera.
The Virtual Orchestra…behaved well… it never overpowered the singers and they appeared comfortable with their hi-tech partner.
…entertaining…winningly sung and acted by a talented, intrepid young cast.
…the technology is undeniably impressive.
This was a new experience. I'm glad I had it.
A small opera-training company in Brooklyn stepped on a giant's toe in mid-August and has lived to tell the tale.
…Janinah Burnett, fresh from a stint in Baz Luhrmann's La Bohème on Broadway and at 23 singing her first Pamina (and doing it with great charm).
The Virtual Orchestra, it must be said, did its job remarkably well.[…] Surprisingly, a certain amount of flexibility is possible… tempo can shift with the wishes of the singer, and expressive pauses can be accommodated.
The musicians union, doesn't entirely rule out the use of virtual orchestras under certain circumstances.
"You can't just say no to technology–it always wins and you have to learn to live with it." "The technology can't replace live musicians, it's a different experience," says Bill Moriarity, former president of the New York's Local 802, "but in cities where instrumentalists aren't available, the virtual orchestra has a practical use.
Two things must be said here: first, the technology is undeniably impressive. The computer program that runs the virtual orchestra contains digital samples of every orchestral instrument, with a variety of choices for articulation, dynamics and phrasing. In performance, the operator taps one key on a small keyboard in time to the conductor's beat, triggering changes in tempo and advancing from one pre-selected sound bank to the next in sequence. For this production, twenty-eight speakers were strewn across the otherwise spare, platformed stage, each dedicated to a single virtual "instrument,"in an effort to reproduce the physical soundscape of a real orchestra. Obviously, a huge amount of effort goes into the preparation.
For more than 200 years, "The Marriage of Figaro" has been performed with a full orchestra. But when the Opera Company of Brooklyn stages the Mozart opera in January, the pit will be occupied by only 12 musicians — and one technician overseeing a computer program that plays all the other parts.
Jay Meetze, director of the Opera Company of Brooklyn, says using virtual players reduces his cost of hiring musicians to a little bit more than $5,000 for each performance, compared with a typical rate of $15,000. The savings will allow him to begin a 24-performance tour of another Mozart piece, "The Magic Flute," in April.
…conductor (and company founder) Jay D. Meetze's computerized "Flute" came off without a hitch. The cast sang its heart out, and the Virtual Orchestra, developed by Realtime Music Solutions which donated the hall and its services, behaved well. It allowed for pauses and shifts in tempo, thanks to the real-time control of an assistant at the synthesizer, and its surround loudspeakers (nearly 30 of them) created a sense of space. It…never overpowered the singers and they appeared comfortable with their high-tech partner.
This "Flute," with minimum trappings and a futuristic setting suggested by slide projections, was a game and often witty theatrical effort, occasionally over the top but endearing for its shoestring effort. Some good voices were on display: Kenneth Overton's powerful Papageno stole the show, and Janinah Burnett's vibrant Pamina clearly could fill a much larger house. David Chase was the capable Tamino.
The big question of course is how it sounded, and to these ears the answer is, better than expected.[…] Mr. Smith and his partners have achieved some impressive results. The most noteworthy aspect of the system is the way that the programmed elements of pitch and rhythm can be substantially manipulated in live performance to accommodate the demands of phrasing and rubato. The orchestra, in other words, appeared to follow Mr. Meetze's lead quite aptly.[…] this technology has ample benefits for singers and audiences […] the RealTime accompaniment was unobtrusive enough to let one focus on the singing and still enjoy a night at the opera.
On Saturday the cast offered much to enjoy. The leads were generally solid, but two singers stood out: Janinah Burnett, with her lushly rendered Pamina, and Kenneth Overton, with a drolly acted and finely sung Papageno. The production by Enrique Abdala was entertainingly if nonsensically futuristic, complete with androids and laser guns.
The Opera Company of Brooklyn founder and principal conductor Jay D. Meetze's fantastical adaptation of Magic Flute, which he set in a future time, both played to a capacity audience and was, itself, nothing short of magical.
The singers — mainly younger, rising operatic talent — were outstanding in both voice and action. The costuming was exquisitely expressive and a giant rear-view projection screen at the back of the stage provided all the visuals needed to effectively set the scene and mood.
In what amounts to very good news for The Opera Company of Brooklyn and the future of opera in the borough, a majority of the audience seemed made up of opera fans under 30. And when all was sang and done, their response suggested that it had been a wonderful night at the opera. | {
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A local rights activist has called on the government of Liberia and the international community to ensure that individuals who committed crimes against humanity during the country's civil conflict are brought to justice.
The Co-Coordinator of the Regional Watch for Human Rights Cllr. Thompson Adebaryor made the statement Monday in Monrovia in commemoration of International Justice Day.
"We want Justice, Liberia has allowed the culture of impunity to be institutionalized and is affecting us as a country," he said.
Adebaryor lamented it would be despicable for Liberia to celebrate International Justice Day when no justice is accorded its people.
Cllr. Adebaryor admonished Liberians to reject people who supported war, killed innocent citizens who want to take part in the elections. | {
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Themebook
Administrative reports (x)
Stone, Dary (x)
Dean, David A. (David Allen), 1948- (x)
Criminal Justice Reform (x)
Field TitleDescriptionCreatorContributorSubject NameSubject GenreSubject TopicDocument Text (OCR)
Clements, William P., 1917-2011 (16) + -
Clements, William P., 1917-2011 (123) + -
White, Mark, 1940- (10) + -
Armstrong, Tobin (6) + -
Dean, David A. (David Allen), 1948- (6) + -
Subject Name
United States. Department of the Interior (8) + -
Clements, William P., 1917-2011 (6) + -
National Governor's Association (6) + -
Texas. Department of Corrections (6) + -
White, Mark, 1940- (6) + -
United States. Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (5) + -
Subject Topic
Parole (8) + -
Appointment to office (7) + -
Offshore oil industry (7) + -
Election districts (6) + -
Criminal Justice, Administration of (5) + -
Prisons (5) + -
Physical Description Genre
Memorandums (134) + -
Letters (correspondence) (64) + -
Texas (5) + -
Themebook Term(s)
Mark White (20) + -
Ruiz v Estelle (10) + -
Appointments (8) + -
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Group of documents regarding the study of parole and probation, May 16-20, 1980
Group of documents regarding the study of parole and probation, May 16-20, 1980. Attached is a report regarding parole and probation in Texas, as well as crimes rates for violent crime.
Dean, David A. (David Allen), 1948-
Clements, William P., 1917-2011
Parole, Crime
Memos from Paul T. Wrotenbery and David A. Dean to Governor William P. Clements, Jr., regarding Special Audit Group Activity for North Texas State University, August 9 and August 15, 1979
Memos from Paul T. Wrotenbery and David A. Dean to Governor William P. Clements, Jr., regarding Special Audit Group Activity for North Texas State University, August 9 and August 15, 1979. Memos address questions about the financial activities of the North Texas State University Education Foundation, Inc.
Wrotenbery, Paul T., Dean, David A. (David Allen), 1948-
North Texas state University
State universities and colleges, Auditing
"Texas Governor Term 1, 1979-1982"
Memo from David Dean to Bill Clements, December 21, 1979
Memo from David Dean to Bill Clements, December 21, 1979, regarding the Ozarks Regional Commission Membership
Ozarks Regional Commission (U.S.)
Memo from David Dean to Tobin Armstrong, regarding West Texas State University Regent Appointment, August 9, 1979
Memo from David Dean to Tobin Armstrong, regarding West Texas State University Regent Appointment, August 9, 1979.
Armstrong, Tobin
Appointment to office
Memo from David A. Dean, to Allen Clark, thru Doug Brown, regarding management review, March 31, 1981
Memo from David A. Dean, to Allen Clark, thru Doug Brown, regarding management review, March 31, 1981. Memo reviews progress of projects including obtaining state control of Matagora Island; updating Ruiz v. Estelle lawsuit, and listing bills in the governor's anti-crime package.
Brown, Doug, Clark, Allen B.
State governments, Crime, Prisons--Overcrowding--Law and legislation
memo from David Dean to William P. Clements, April 7, 1980
memo from David Dean to William P. Clements, April 7, 1980, regarding the "TDHR Lawsuit" and Mark White's take on the lawsuit
Memo from David A. Dean to William P. Clements, May 2, 1980
Memo from David A. Dean to William P. Clements, May 2, 1980. Regarding Law Enforcement Assistance Administration Program (LEAA).
United States. Law Enforcement Assistance Administration
Letter from David A. Dean to William P. Clements, Jr., February 10, 1982
Letter from David A. Dean to William P. Clements, Jr., February 10, 1982. Regarding filing of financial statement with the Elections Division of the Office of the Secretary of State. Clements forwards the letter to David Herndon and asks him to take care of the matter for him.
Herndon, David, Bayoud, George, Rhodes, Tom B.
Political campaigns, Political campaigns--Law and legislation, Election Law
Letter from David A. Dean to W. J. Estelle regarding parole for several inmates with meritorious conduct, January 21, 1981
Letter from David A. Dean to W. J. Estelle regarding parole for several inmates with meritorious conduct. For the recommended review of inmates Don Hallett, Jeff Weeks, Michael Arnold, Raymond Hafti, and Bobby J. Reickenbacker. Connie Jackson notified David Dean of the following actions: the cases of Jeff Weeks and Bobby J. Reickenbacker were placed in Special Review for parole considerations; no action in the case of Raymond Hafti; and, Michael Arnold received a commutation of sentence. Don Hallett was previously released on parole.
Estelle, Ward James, Jr.
Memo from David Dean to Tobin Armstrong September 7, 1979 regarding Dedication of JFK Library in Boston
Memo from David Dean to William P. Clements March 21, 1979
Memo from David Dean to William P. Clements March 21, 1979, regarding Texas energy consumption and the Energy Advisory Board
Advisory Committee on Energy Conservation
Memo from David Dean to William P. Clements, Jr., June 26-27, 1980
Memos from David Dean to William P. Clements, Jr., June 26-27, 1980. Memos are in regards to capital punishment.
Correspondence between David A. Dean and Colonel James B. Adams with attachment, September 10, 1981
Correspondence between David A. Dean and Colonel James B. Adams regarding the Executive Order organizing the Emergency Management Council with attachment. The correspondence includes a memo with recommended changes from Robert A. Lansford, State Coordinator for the Texas Department of Public Safety, Division of Disaster Emergency Services.
Adams, James B., Lansford, Robert A.
Governor's Division of Disaster Emergency Services
Subject Genre
Memo from David A. Dean, to William P. Clements regarding Windfall Profit Tax Lawsuit, January 9, 1981
Memo from David A. Dean, to William P. Clements regarding Windfall Profit Tax Lawsuit. Dean advises Governor Williams that the amicus brief Mark White filed, Independent Petroleum Association of America, et al. v. United States of America, was far less than what the Governor had requested since it will not have "much of an effect on the outcome of the litigation." Attached is Governor Clements response to Mark White urging him to "consider actual intervention."
Memo from David Dean to J.E. "Buster" Brown, March 6, 1981
Memo from David Dean to J.E. "Buster" Brown, March 6, 1981, concerning Senate Bill 122
Brown, Buster
Parole, Alternatives to imprisonment
Memo from David Dean to William P. Clements, Jr. regarding John Holmes, D.A. Designate of Harris County, August 9, 1979
Memo from David Dean to William P. Clements, Jr. regarding John Holmes, D.A. Designate of Harris County, August 9, 1979.
Holmes, John B.
Memo from David Dean to William French Smith regarding redistricting, November 30, 1981
Memo from David Dean to William French Smith regarding redistricting, November 30, 1981. Regarding Submission under Section 5, Voting Rights Act, of Legislative Redistricting Board Plan No. 1 (state senatorial districts), 1981.
Smith, William French, 1917-
Election districts
Correspondence between David Dean and Mark White, February 23, 1982
Correspondence between David Dean and Mark White, February 23, 1982, regarding disagreements between Governor Clements and Attorney General White
White, Mark, 1940-
Memo from David A. Dean to William P. Clements, Jr., Forwarded to Tobin, May 30, 1979
Memo from David A. Dean to William P. Clements, Jr., Forwarded to Tobin, May 30, 1979. Memo is in regards to establishing the Texas Distinguished Service Awards Committee. Also attached is a photocopy of a report regarding corresponding documentation about the purpose of the Texas Distinguished Service Awards Committee.
Memo from David A. Dean to William P. Clements, September 22, 1981
Memo from David A. Dean to William P. Clements, September 22, 1981. Regarding David Hiller apologizing for remarks reported in the press.
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© The Dolph Briscoe Center for American History
The University of Texas at Austin. 2016. | {
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The new year has kicked off with a punch and summer is well and truly upon us. With temps in the mid-to-late 30's, how are you keeping cool this summer? At Kleer, we're all about keeping things cool - including you - so here are our top 10 tips for cooling down on the Sunshine Coast this summer. | {
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A central premise of this working group is that no single discipline has sufficient authority to define the conceptual terrain of religion today. The study of religion must be reconstituted for the challenges of the twenty-first century by drawing together methods and questions that are furnished separately by the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. From philosophical accounts of belief and cognition to the relationship between conscience and law, how are the very notions of "religion" and "theology" being expanded and redefined? What can an enriched analysis of these terms offer to a global world in which problems of collective belief, secularism, and identity politics have become more urgent than ever? | {
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Judge OKs $354M settlement of cardboard price-fixing class action; lawyers get 30 percent
By Jonathan Bilyk | Oct 18, 2017
A federal judge has signed off on a $354 million settlement deal to box up a years-long class action against some of the country's largest makers of cardboard, accusing the companies of violating federal antitrust law by conspiring to fix prices for their product.
And the attorneys who represented the plaintiffs in the action are set to take in nearly $100 million under the deal, or roughly 30 percent of the settlement fund.
On Oct. 17, U.S. District Judge Harry D. Leinenweber granted final approval to the deal between the cardboard makers and a group of plaintiff companies who purchased and used the cardboard products, for which they said they were overcharged.
Companies serving as lead plaintiffs in the action included Kleen Products LLC; R.P.R. Enterprises Inc.; Mighty Pac Inc.; Ferraro Foods Inc.; Ferraro Foods of North Carolina LLC; MTM Packaging Solutions of Texas LLC; RHE Hatco Inc; and Chandler Packaging Inc.
The plaintiffs were represented in the action by lead counsel Michael J. Freed and Robert J. Wozniak, of the firm of Freed Kanner London & Millen LLC, of suburban Bannockburn, and Daniel J. Mogin and Jodie Williams, of the firm of MoginRubin LLP, of San Diego.
Defendants in the action included Packaging Corporation of America; International Paper; Norampac Industries; Cascades Inc.; Weyerhauser Company; Temple-Inland; Georgia Pacific; and WestRock.
The legal action, first filed in federal court in 2010, centered accusations the defendant companies conspired to fix prices for containerboard from February 2004 to November 2010, by allegedly raising prices in "lockstep" and cutting back production.
Containerboard is the industry term for the product used to make corrugated cardboard boxes, which are used to package and ship a huge range of consumer and business goods.
In their court filings, plaintiffs accused the defendant companies of collectively announcing 15 price hikes and scaling back production over that six year period. The lawsuit accused the plaintiffs of roughly mirroring each others' price hikes and production cuts, and said the increases all came around the time of trade association meetings, telephone calls and other communications among the defendants.
The plaintiffs asserted the defendants' actions violated federal antitrust law.
Rather than take the lawsuits to trial, most of the defendants opted to settle.
Early in 2017, plaintiffs settled with defendant companies Norampac and PCA for $22.4 million.
But in July, plaintiffs' lawyers asked the judge to approve the big prize, a settlement to end the action against three of the defendants – International Paper, Temple-Inland and Weyerhauser.
Under the terms of that deal, the three companies agreed to collectively pay $354 million into a settlement fund. The plaintiffs' lawyers then separately asked the judge to grant them 30 percent of the total payout as fees.
The remainder of the settlement funds, minus $200,000 for administration, would be paid to the lead plaintiff companies and more than 158,000 class members.
A month later in August, Judge Leinenweber granted summary judgment on Georgia Pacific and WestRock, saying he did not believe their conduct or the evidence could "support an inference of antitrust conspiracy."
In that ruling, Leinenweber said he believed a company could raise prices and count on its rivals to follow suit, but without communicating about it.
"The law thus only requires Defendants to gamble on the consequences of trusting their competitors. The gamble paid off in this case," the judge wrote
Nonetheless, the judge granted final approval to the settlement deal with the other three defendants, saying he believed the $354 million payment represented a fair deal for the plaintiffs and class members.
"The $354 million Settlement represents a substantial recovery for the Class," the judge said.
And he said the amount of the settlement, coupled with the amount of effort the attorneys put into the case – including what the attorneys, in a motion for approval of their fee request, said were "tens of millions of dollars in time and expenses litigating the case purely on a contingent basis" – justified the sizable fee request.
"The Court finds that the request for an interim award of attorneys' fees is fair, adequate and reasonable," Leinenweber wrote. "The relevant factors used to determine the reasonableness of the requested fee award in common fund cases such as this are the market rate, fee awards in similar matters, the nature of this case – including the risk of non-recovery, and amount and quality of Class Counsel's work.
"The Court finds that all of these factors support awarding the interim fee request of 30 percent of the Settlement Funds."
Class members would have until Feb. 6, 2018, to submit a claim, the judge ruled.
International Paper was represented in the action by attorneys with the firms of Foley & Lardner LLP, of Milwaukee and Chicago; McDonnell, Boyd, Smith and Solmson, of Memphis, Tenn.; Eimer Stahl LLP, of Chicago; and Wyatt, Tarrant & Combs LLP, of Memphis, Tenn.
Weyerhauser was represented by the firm of McDermott Will & Emery, of Chicago.
Temple-Inland was represented by the firm of Mayer Brown LLP, of Chicago.
Foley & Lardner LLP • Eimer Stahl LLP • Freed Kanner London & Millen LLC • McDermott, Will & Emery LLP • U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois • Mayer Brown
Appeals panel: Private investigator's $25M defamation suit OK vs filmmakers, writers, others over Alstory Simon case
Thyssenkrupp Crankshaft hit with class action over worker fingerprint scans at Danville plant
Circuit Court of Cook County: Actions Taken on Jan. 3
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Foley & Lardner LLP
Eimer Stahl LLP
Freed Kanner London & Millen LLC
McDermott, Will & Emery LLP
U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois | {
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Charity begins at home!?
In my social media feed today there was a link to an article titled "Reclaiming Jesus: How Confessing Faith Can Respond to a Moral and Constitutional Crisis". It begins: "On Ash Wednesday, a group of church leaders, all old enough to be called "elders," met in a private retreat. We prayed. We experienced a deep sense of lament for the political and moral crisis we are in and for the ways it unfolded. We confessed on behalf of the churches and for our own complicity in the situation in which we now find ourselves. And we strongly sensed the need for repentance, realizing that word means much more than guilt and shame, but a "turning around" and moving in a new direction. We agreed to write a declaration together — something that would be much more than just another statement to sign and then file away. Rather, with a shared humble spirit, we felt called to act as elders for a time such as this and to commend our message to the churches for a process of prayer, study, reflection, and action."
What follows is the declaration, which broadly I agree with, even though those involved would identify more with Christians on the Left than the Right and I would expect to the person they be unsympathetic to President Trump and his "America First" ideas. Later I tuned into a Day of Prayer live broadcast led by David Hathaway ministries. The purpose was to intercede on behalf of the UK, calling upon God to work in the nation that has desperately gone astray and when only God can deliver. While I dipped in and out of the broadcast while doing other stuff, and while I suspect I am not entirely in the same theological stable as the organizers, I concurred with what went on and added my Amen to most prayers. They too made a declaration including the notion that the UK has been hitherto united in its adherence of its Judaeo-Christian heritage and calling for biblical standards to be reinstated in public life. It also recognized the ineptitude of the Church and is part reason why our society is in a malaise. While I don't wish to start comparing apples and oranges, I suspect the Christians in the two groups will be different in their theological outlooks as well as their priorities and pre-occupations, but one thing they had in common was their belief that Christians needed to repent.
Besides being challenged by both as to the need to personally repent I couldn't help noting the differences in preoccupations. The former struck me as treating the notion of national pride with antipathy whereas the latter manifested a patriotic fervour. So what is the right view and how does it relate to the notion of "charity begins at home" (or to relate the first story the America (or Britain) First ideal)? It seems to me that the first job of government is to protect its citizens and seek its welfare, which is why I broadly welcome Trump's latest Executive Order to impose tariffs on China who he rightly views as having screwed America and why I decidedly do not welcome the latest UK capitulation to the EU in its Brexit negotiations. Yet underlying all this is the command for us to Love our Neighbour, leaving no room for racism, xenophobia etc., and that neighbour includes anyone, anywhere, regardless of differences.
As I have argued in previous blogs, we have in recent years seen a move toward globalism but this has been challenged with the Brexit decision, the rise of Trump and the popularity of the Far Right in many European countries. Even Putin's Russia is a reaction in part against globalism. It also seems to me that Christians, particularly the more zealous and thoughtful types, have split in terms of whether to align more with globalism or nationalism. While I am suspicious of excessive national fervor and agree it is a perversion of biblical teaching, having come to that view reading the accounts of the Tower of Babel in Genesis and of the AntiChrist in Revelation, I have no doubt national identity is better than globalism, with the former lending itself more likely to accountability to the people and the latter to the tyranny of the elite and more ungodliness, and is why unlike a number of my Christian friends, I support Brexit and Trump. We do need to honor the interests of the people represented (UK and US) and things like national security, immigration control, curbing the rise of Islam and preserving cultural identity matter.
I have raised in previous blog posts that what we are seeing now among Christians is a polarization in their views and a lack of unity, which I see as harmful to the Church and its witness to the world. As both aforementioned groups recognize, we need to repent, which is a good place to begin, for the thing that matters more than anything else is that the name of the Lord is honoured and glorified. And as for charity, it does begin at home, but it does not end there.
→ Jeremy Corbyn and Anti-Semitism in the Labour Party
← Off the streets | {
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Meeting called to order at 7:05 PM with the Pledge of Allegiance.
The minutes for July10, were reviewed and Leslie Bergum made a Motion to: accept them as most recent edit changes. John Goodney seconded, and the motion passed unanimously. The minutes for May 8th and June 12th were tabled once again.
At this time Chairman Karpf gave Mr. Robinson the option to continue with the Public Hearing with the three board members that were present or he could wait for a full board of five. Joan wanted to make sure Greg Robinson understood that a yes vote would mean that all three board members would have to agree to the request, or a split vote would mean the request was denied. Greg Robinson said he was happy with the three members that were present as these three had been with him for the entire procedure.
Chairman Joan Karpf explained the procedure for the Public Hearing. The meeting would start with any other information Mr. Robinson would like to add to his request for a Special Exception. At the end of that, Mrs. Karpf would open the Public Hearing to answer questions, gather information and take input from the public.. The Public Hearing would end when all questions were asked and then the board would deliberate.
At 7:10 Greg Robinson was allowed the time to present his request. Mr. Robinson owns the Twin Mountain KOA on Rte. 115, Map 202, Lot 17. He purchased the abutting piece of property, Map 202, Lot 23. He would like to expand his campground onto Lot 23. He would use the gravel road/right of way to access Lot 23 that would have approximately 8 cottages and 6-9 RV spots. He expects to use about 2 acres of the 14 acres on the lot.
a. How would you handle the extra garbage?
small fires cannot be higher then 2 feet. There is also 1 large fire ring for groups.
c. Where are the fire hydrants?
Cormiers property, which abutts the KOA on Rte.115.
d. How long is the campground opened?
vehicles or campers are allowed to stay when they close down for the season.
At 7:20 Chairman Karpf opened the Public Hearing and Dave and Sharon Bicknell, abutters, asked if he planned on using the land closest to Rte.115 for the campground and Mr. Robinson said no. He planned on just the 2 acres in the back. Then they asked him what if he changed his mind. Greg Robinson said he would have to go before the ZBA again and go thru the same process he�s doing now. Sharon Bicknell asked if the entrance would be changing and Mr. Robinson said no. The entrance would still be thru the existing KOA Campground and to the right of way, which is on his property. With these questions answered, Mrs. Bicknell said she saw no problem.
Chris Reed, owner of Lots 19, 20, and 21, wanted to know how large the road would have to be and Greg said that the right of way was twenty-five feet wide. And then when you cross that and you reach the �older campsites,� the road turns into a one way. He said he would also put in stop signs on either side. Chris Reed wanted to know about power and where it would come from. Greg said he was not really sure but he would probably come from Cormier�s, and put in a transformer and one pole and then the wires would all be underground. Mr. Reed said he would like to see the power come from the existing KOA so he would not have to see the pole on his ride thru the right of way to his land locked lots. Chris also asked Greg if they would need another dumping station and Greg said no.
Mrs. Meyers then spoke and said her stepfather was Fred Lehr and she now owned his property. But after listening and seeing where the campground was going, she felt they really would not be affected by this.
Joan asked if there were any restrictions on time or lighting. He said that 10:00 p.m. becomes quiet time and he actually walks around the campground. People come to the KOA for the peace and quiet. All the lights at the campground are on timers, but they have lights on the roadways for safety. He said they also have some photo cells.
Leslie Bergum asked again about the setback particularly for the right of way. How far away would the first site be? After a lengthy discussion, it was decided that the Board would work with the fact that the setbacks would be determined to have the �front�of the property be on Rte. 115 and the �back�of the property abutting Lot 21. It was also decided that a 30 foot vegetative buffer would be required and it would be included in the setbacks.
At this point Mr. Robinson said he is open to suggestions so that the abutters are not inconvenienced in any way. He is willing to work with the abutters.
There being no further questions, Chairman Joan Karpf closed the Public Hearing at 7:47.
Once again Joan Karpf asked Greg Robinson if he was comfortable with the three ZBA members, or if he wanted to wait until there were five members of the board present. He said he was happy with the three. The Chairman said they would deliberate now if all the members were so moved to do so. All members agreed to move to the deliberation.
would not be adversely affected because the property abutts the existing KOA and it is their intention to keep the lay of the land as it is and have sites mold into the property.
major. Also the campground is only opened for 5-6months.
1. The Site Plan must be brought before the Planning Board for approval.
2. The right of way must have a twelve foot clearance for emergency vehicles.
3. Garbage disposal will be maintained to prevent bear nuisance.
4. Maintenance of the right of way will be guided by the Town of Carroll regulations.
5. This extension of the KOA Campground will remain intended for temporary occupancy only (5 to 6 months).
6. The Special Exception will include a 30 foot natural vegetative buffer to be maintained along Lots 21, 22, the right of way and any other abutting land owner.
Joan Karpf said she would entertain a motion to approve the Special Exception with the attached conditions. John Goodney moved the motion, Joan Karpf seconded and the motion passed unanimously.
Chairman Karpf made a motion to adjourn the meeting, John Goodney seconded and the motion passed unanimously. | {
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Q: Issue with transitioning between activities containing adapters sharing the same data set Given 2 activities, A starts B for result.
Both activities have structures (A: RecyclerView, B: ViewPager) and adapters which connect to the same data set, stored in the Application object.
B finishes and posts the result back to A.
A gets the result on onActivityResult() and in the body of the function alters the data set (removes one element).
Issue is that later (after debugger exits my code) I get a crash in B saying:
java.lang.IllegalStateException: The application's PagerAdapter changed the adapter's contents without calling PagerAdapter#notifyDataSetChanged! Expected adapter item count: 10, found: 9
The stacktrace starts with:
android.view.ViewRootImpl.performMeasure(ViewRootImpl.java:2271)
android.view.ViewRootImpl.measureHierarchy(ViewRootImpl.java:1358)
android.view.ViewRootImpl.performTraversals(ViewRootImpl.java:1607)
android.view.ViewRootImpl.doTraversal(ViewRootImpl.java:1246)
android.view.ViewRootImpl$TraversalRunnable.run(ViewRootImpl.java:6301)
android.view.Choreographer$CallbackRecord.run(Choreographer.java:871)
android.view.Choreographer.doCallbacks(Choreographer.java:683)
android.view.Choreographer.doFrame(Choreographer.java:619)
android.view.Choreographer$FrameDisplayEventReceiver.run(Choreographer.java:857)
android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:751)
android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:95)
android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:154)`
Not sure what's going on here .. shouldn't the activity B be gone for good after finish was called and before A.onActivityResult() is called?
Is this because the exiting animation requires a final draw from B?
EDIT: B.onStop() and B.onDestroy() are called after A.onActivityResult(). Why is this normal behaviour?
A: Try to call notifyDataSetChanged() before calling getCount() in your adapter.
Something like this:
@Override
public int getCount() {
notifyDataSetChanged();
return list.size();
}
| {
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Please allow up to 24 hours for Call ahead orders.
Duck Donuts (San Antonio, TX) shared a post.
Congratulations!! Fantastic!! Love the donuts!!
Congratulations! Ben Newell ,Leonora Newell ,and your Duck Donuts staff! Your hard work is paying off and being noticed!
Yay!!! Congratulations Ben & team! Happy for you! | {
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The Managing Director Barclays Bank, Mr. Rakesh Jha hosted fellow industry captains and diplomats to a Johnnie Walker whisky mentor-ship as part of the Barclays Bank Consumer Rewards Program that was launched earlier this year.
The program saw the bank partner with Uganda Breweries' Johnnie Walker Brand to reward their premium customers for their continued financial loyalty and support.
The guests included key stakeholders like the US Ambassador to Uganda Deborah Ruth Malac, Indian High commissioner Shri Ravi Shankar, NSSF MD Richard Patrick Byaruhanga, South African High commissioner Prof.Maj. Gen Solly Mollo among others.
The team was taken through a mentorship session on how to appreciate and take their whisky by the Johnnie Walker Brand Ambassador, Marcus Kwikiriza.
"Our platinum credit card holders have been hosting their associates for whisky mentorship sessions like the one we have had today," said Rakesh Jha, Managing Director Barclays Bank Uganda.
The guests posing for a light moment.
Rakesh Jha explained that customers who use their credit cards for purchases earn points and those who have accrued most points will be rewarded with whisky mentorships.
"Johnnie Walker is about a constant pursuit for success as our 'Keep Walking' mantra goes. This is a perfect partnership with Barclays who will be rewarding their premium customers with an icon of progress," said Anettte Nakiyaga, UBLs, and Head of Whisky Portfolio. | {
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Us geeks love our gadgets. I had heard just bits and pieces about something called a Raspberry Pi. I hadn't given much thought to it at first. A brief glance at a web page or two but it didn't interest me at that time. I was having a hard time picturing what I could do with it.
What peaked my interest was a re-introduction to the Pi, and other similar devices, at Ruby Conf 2013 (Miami.) The gadgets like the Raspberry Pi were used in some of the conference talks. I also got hooked on the Sphero, but is another story.
I watched some of the videos on the element14 site and my brain was invigorated. The wheels started spinning. So I ordered one of the Raspberry Pi Starter Pack. In addition to the Pi, it came with a memory card, jumpers, USB WiFi, bread board, etc. I grabbed mine from a site I found on the element14 page - http://www.adafruit.com/category/105 I added on the USB Wifi and a cool ruler.
I've only just begun to tinker with it, but so far it has been fun. Using the NOOB tool, I loaded up a 4GB card with the Pi version of the XBMC.
I plan on doing some more experimentation. I picked up 4 new SD cards, two 8GB and two 16GB so I can try different loads and setups. Plus I'm getting the kids involved so they can learn a little bit of geeky stuff.
Recommendation - grab a slice of pie, Raspberry Pi! | {
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Battlefield: Bad Company is a war-themed first person shooter and the second in the series developed exclusively for the console platforms. The title refers to a a group of the 222nd Army battalion of soldiers considered hard to steer and incompetent troublemakers. As such, they do not receive much respect in battle and squad of four decides to desert to pursue their own goals. The war takes places in fictional countries in the Middle East and the US squad takes on Russians, soldiers of the Middle East coalition and Legionnaire mercenaries. The player controls protagonist Preston Marlowe. His squad members are Terrence Sweetwater, George Gordon Haggard Jr. and the leader Samuel Redford.
Marlowe has a health injector he can use as many times as he desires to restore his health. When dying, he also respawns immediately at the last location. Players can only carry a maximum of four weapons at any given time. There are many vehicles to drive, such as hummers, buggies, boats, tanks, boats and even helicopters to control. The storyline takes the characters through different fictional countries with mission where their background and motivation is gradually revealed.
The new Frostbite DX engine makes it possible to destroy many objects and buildings, almost to completely demolishing them. This changes the way the environment can be used as a cover, as everything can be destroyed. The multiplayer portion features games with a ranking system where items and weapons are gradually unlocked. The base game includes only one mode, Gold Rush, with teams of attackers and defenders.
Through five events such as describing to the newsletter, pre-ordering the game or reaching a certain rank in the demo, players could receive player codes to unlock five new weapons: F2000 assault rifle, USAS-12 semi-automatic shotgun, M60 light machine gun, QBU-88 sniper rifle and the silenced UZI submachine gun.
The PS3 version of Battlefield: Bad Company appears in the book 1001 Video Games You Must Play Before You Die by General Editor Tony Mott.
This game looks a dead rip off of "Kelly's Heroes" movie from 1970. Although the setting in the movie is World War II, a group of soldiers who accidentally stumble upon a gold bar take it on their own to go behind enemy lines and steal the gold.
Even the four main characters in the game draw close analogy with some of the main characters from the movie.
Sergeant is reluctant to go for the gold but cares for his soldiers and other allied soldier, same as Master Sergeant Big Joe from Kelly's Heroes played by Telly Savalas.
Haggard plays a bit of an eccentric who does things on his own and constantly acts weird, much like Oddball from Kelly's Heroes played by Donald Sutherland.
Sweetwater is constantly complaining about everything just like Crapgame from Kelly's Heroes played by Don Rickles.
Preston, the player character, is constantly cool with everything and does most of the action, like Kelly in Kelly's Heroes played by Clint Eastwood.
There are even some references to the movie, like when Haggard tells Sweetwater that something happened because of his negative thinking. In the movie Oddball used to tell his comrade the same think only used to say "always the negative waves" instead of "always the negative thinking".
To promote the game, EA Games released a bevy of trailers, but three in particular spoofed three other gaming franchises.
One entitled "Rainbow Sprinkles" was spoofing the Tom Clancy Rainbow Six series. In it, Sgt. Redford and Preston Marlowe are about to take an enemy stronghold through stealth tactics when Sweetwater and Haggard are heard discussing rainbow sprinkles on donuts. Redford tells them they are on a stealth mission and to breach a door in the distance, but instead of doing it quietly Haggard throws a grenade and then he and Sweetwater walk out into the open, blasting away at anything that moves.
"Bad World" spoofs the Gears of War Mad World trailer. In it, Sweetwater can be heard singing the song as Haggard runs through a bombed out street, almost in similar fashion to the Mad World trailer. Just before the end of the song, Haggard stops and turns to see Sweetwater telling him repeatedly to shut up and comments that he doesn't understand that last part of the song.
And last "Snake Eyes" spoofs the Metal Gear series. In it, Sweetwater is seen aiming his weapon at a barrel with the rest of the squad asking him what the problem is. He proceeds to tell them that he saw a man with a eye patch (presumably Solid Snake) in the drum barrel. The squad seems to brush it off just as the barrel moves with the trademark "!" appearing overhead. At this point Haggard grabs a grenade launcher and fires at the barrel launching the occupant (off camera) through the air. Afterwards Haggard finds an eye patch on the ground.
The Bad World trailer can be seen here, The Snake Eyes trailer here and the Rainbow Sprinkles trailer here. | {
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"Green Hammer was on time, on budget and delivered beyond my expectations. I love the fresh filtered air, the gorgeous FSC-certified woodwork, my induction cook-top and how every square inch of the house is utilized. Our home is truly a healthy and inspiring place to live and play. Thank you Green Hammer, you guys are awesome!"
This small 1922 Bungalow in Portland's Historic Irvington neighborhood is on the National Historic Registrar and was in need of upgrades. The original 800 sf home was expanded to 1750 sf with 4 bedrooms and 3 baths. Retaining the historic facade the new space-efficient modern interior includes comprehensive energy upgrades and full house Heat Recovery Ventilation for continuous fresh, filtered, air. This Earth Advantage Platinum certified home also features a mini-split heat pump, Pacific Madrone Cabinets, and a Central Vacuum system. | {
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Understanding one syllable mapping to one character promotes reading development in Chinese
Dan LIN, Ling-Po SHIU
Purpose. Extent research has demonstrated the importance of morphological awareness (e.g., McBride-Chang, et al., 2003), phonological awareness (e.g., Lin et al., 2010) and orthographic awareness (e.g., Siok, Fletcher, 2001) in Chinese reading development in young children. However, little is known about the fundamental mapping process between sound units (phonology) and visual symbols (visual-orthography) in Chinese. The present study aimed to investigate the role of syllable mapping, defined as the ability of mapping syllable (sound unit) to character (visual unit), in Chinese word reading development with the traditional well-documented reading predictors of visual skills and syllable awareness controlled. Method. Children participated in the study were 96 Hong Kong Chinese kindergartners. All children were native Cantonese speakers. In the syllable mapping task, children were asked to point out a particular character in a card with three-character word visually printed on and uttered by the examiner. Other tasks administered included syllable awareness, visual spatial relationship, and Chinese word reading. Results. Results showed that Chinese word reading was strongly associated with syllable awareness, r = .58 (p < .001), and syllable mapping, r = .75 (p < .001) Further hierarchical regression analyses found that with children's age, visual spatial relationship, and syllable awareness statistically controlled, syllable mapping explained 16% unique variance of Chinese word reading, and it emerged as a significant predictor in the final Beta weight, t = 6.40, p < .001. Conclusions. The results underscored the importance of the cross-modality ability of mapping syllable to character in Chinese reading development among preschoolers.
Lin, D., & Shiu, L.-P. (2012, July). Understanding one syllable mapping to one character promotes reading development in Chinese. Paper presented at the Nineteenth Annual Meeting Society for the Scientific Study of Reading, Montreal, Canada. | {
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Welcome to the Cab Calloway High School Spirit Marching Band. The Band Staff and I are looking forward to a great season with you. We are anxious to bring your unlimited potential together with a great musical score and a challenging drill to create a memorable marching band show. With the enthusiasm and dedication of the students, staff and parents, we will take our band to an even higher level of musical achievement.
By accepting membership into the Cab Calloway High School Spirit Marching Band, you agree to perform to the best of your abilities and work hard together with the band staff in making this year's band the finest musical organization that our combined efforts can produce.
Let's make this year very memorable and great. Be excited to take your band to even greater heights.
Why Should You Join Our Marching Band?
It's a neat way for incoming freshmen to make friends before school starts.
It's great exercise (you practically run around the parking lot and football field).
It's a nice mental break from classes.
It's a team sport where everyone plays the entire game or competition. No substitutions allowed.
It provides unique opportunities to develop leadership skills.
It's a chance to learn from very talented musicians and colorguard performers.
Our students to develop a strong work ethic.
It provides opportunities to sharpen your problem solving skills.
It can be an opportunity to learn to play a new instrument or learn colorguard techniques (including flags, rifles and sabers).
It opens doors to other music opportunities (e.g., college marching bands and world class percussion & guard ensembles).
Traveling to competitions is an interesting way to visit new places (we compete Sept through Nov).
You get into CSW football games for free.
The band booster parents always make sure you are well fed and hydrated.
You won't have to ride the school bus home 3 days a week.
Carpooling is very entertaining, especially for the parents who do the driving.
Please join us on Saturday October 12, 2019 at Frawley Stadium when we host the Tournament of Bands Frawley Stadium Invitational Show.
Does your Marching Band want to participate?
TOB Marching Band members should sign up on the 2019 TOB registration page.
Non-TOB members should email Brian Cass ([email protected]) and [email protected] so Brian can manually register your group. | {
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Europe and Middle East, Italy, Newsletter, Sardinia, Trip Reviews
Insider guide to north west Sardinia
05/04/2018 by Rupert Parker.
North-west Sardinia is a popular summer destination with tourists attracted by its coastline and glorious sandy beaches. Out of season, however, it offers other rewards, not least its glorious food and drink, interesting archaeology, hillside castles and deserted seashores. Now direct flights between London Luton and Alghero make it accessible all year round.
Alghero is the main resort in the North but also one of the best preserved medieval cities. It was once completely walled but all that remains are the imposing sea bastions, built to protect the citizens from marauding pirates. Wander the historic centre through its cobbled lanes, lined with imposing palaces, and sample an aperitivo in one of the many the cafes in the piazzas. Red coral is big here and you'll find many boutiques selling jewellery made from the stuff.
Porto Conte Regional Park
The coastline north of Alghero is famous for its beaches and much of it is a protected area, forming the Porto Conte regional park. Capo Caccia juts out into the sea and 656 steps lead down to the Grotta di Nettuno, a popular attraction also accessible by boat from Alghero. This was once a prison colony and the buildings have been transformed into a museum and arts centre. Visit Cantina Santa Maria La Palma and sample their famous Akenta sparkling wine made from the Vermentino grape. Every year they bury 700 bottles under the sea where the pressure increases the size of the bubbles and improves the ageing process.
Once the biggest port in Sardinia, founded by Julius Caesar to trade with Africa and Spain, it has some imposing ruins. As well as the remains of the Roman baths there are some rather well-preserved mosaics from a house built on the site. Nearby is the Basilica San Gavino, the largest Romanesque church in Sardinia, which reuses some of the Roman columns and has a double apse.
Stintino and Asinara
The finger-shaped peninsular jutting from the north west of the island has fine sandy beaches with shallow shimmering deep blue waters. Stintino is a small fishing village, once famous for its Tuna, and these days has a small museum dedicated to the catch. The island of Asinara, just opposite, housed high-security prisoners but now is a protected nature resort. There's rudimentary accommodation and you can explore on foot or horseback
Popular for day trips, the narrow alleyways of its medieval centre are topped by its impressive 12th-century fortress, built by a Genovese family. Inside is a museum of local handicrafts but it's worth climbing up to the battlement for fine views over the cliffs and you can see Corsica on a clear day. Below is Castelsardo's cathedral with its fifteenth-century altarpiece and a crypt with a museum of religious art. Just outside the town is the Roccia dell'Elefante, or Elephant Rock, its shape a result of natural erosion. Inside are two Neolithic tombs with carvings of animals and plants.
Nuraghe
Long before the Romans came here, Sardinia was home to the Nuragic civilization, now completely disappeared. Between 1900 and 730 BC they built tower-like structures, known as Nuraghe and 7000 of these are scattered throughout the island. The most impressive is the Nuraghe Santu Antine, a 25m tower, now reduced to 17m, with a diameter of 15m. It's built from huge perfectly shaped basalt blocks which gradually get smaller from the base towards the top of the building and is enclosed by a circular wall with three smaller towers. Around the tower was a sizeable settlement and archaeologists have uncovered 14 circular huts plus a large collection of artefacts.
Sardinia's second largest city is not a tourist resort but a university town, complete with an imposing cathedral. Its ornate 18th-century baroque façade is stuffed with friezes, reliefs, statues and busts, but the interior is 15th century Catalan Gothic. If you're interested in the Nuragic culture then the Sanna Museum has finds from sites in the area, including ceramics, household items and pottery. Don't miss the sophisticated bronzeware, including tools, jewellery and figurines. Sassari is also the place to find excellent local cheese and charcuterie.
Tell me more about north-west Sardinia
Sardegna Turismo has information about the region.
Hotel Catalunya makes a comfortable base in the centre of Alghero
Ristorante Mirador, Alghero, is good for fish.
La Botteghina Alghero, has excellent pasta and pizza.
Il Portico, Stintino, serves the freshest of shellfish.
Ristorante Da Ugo, Castelsardo, is also good for fish.
Winery Tenute Delogu, Sassari-Fertilia, has traditional Sardinian dishes.
Agriturismo Sa Mandra, just outside Alghero, makes its own cheese and roasts suckling pig on the fire.
Ristorante La Torre Ozieri, is good for meat and pasta.
EasyJet flies direct from London Luton to Alghero, in Sardinia, twice a week.
ThamesLink connects St Pancras with Luton Parkway.
Insider Guide to Sardinia's Gallura Region
Golf in North West Florida
Resort Valle dell'Erica Thalasso & SPA, Sardinia | {
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Last October 3, 10 and 12, 2012 it was a hot afternoon when we watch a movie entitled Jack and the Beanstalk: The Real Story, this movie was related to our last topic in management 5. Instead of having a formal meeting in our subject in Social Responsibility and Good Governance, we need to watch because after that we need to have a reaction paper regarding the movie.
All the people in the magical world believe that he is the one who steal the goose and harp they want Jack to die. In order to save his own life, Jack must right the wrongs of the past and return the magical harp and goose that lays the golden eggs to their rightful home. With the return of the Goose and Harp, the Giants' world is restored. After returning to his world, Jack saves the company's reputation and he decides to support the project of genetically-engineered plants that he previously rejected.
At the end, Ondine returns to Jack, where she is allowed to spend one Giant week (seven years in our world) with him and they lived happily ever after. | {
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Great opportunity to purchase this spacious townhouse in the exclusive area of Valdelagrana, in Puerto Santa Maria, which is only 400m walking distance to the beach.
The property is divided over two floors, and comprises of 5 bedrooms, two on the ground floor, and 3 on the top floor. There are also 4 bathrooms, 2 on the ground floor, and two on the top floor.
The ground floor also accomodates the living room, large fitted kitchen, and rear terrace/patio area suitable for al fresco dining. There is also a store room. The front patio is tiled, and serves as an internal parking area.
With the beach just a short walk away, and the old town just a short drive away, the house is ideally located for all year round living.
Contact us today for a viewing, and to purchase and own a part of this historic town.
El Puerto de Santa María is a municipality located on the banks of the Guadalete River in the province of Cádiz, Andalusia.
As of 2009, the city has a population of c. 88,000, of which some 50,000 live in the urban center, and the remainder in the surrounding areas.The town of El Puerto de Santa María is 10 kilometres (6 miles) north east of Cádiz across the bay of Cádiz and is best known for having been the port from which Columbus sailed on his second voyage to the Americas. | {
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Strategy&
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PwC Consulting Strategy Leadership Thomas J. Casey
Thomas J. Casey
Tom Casey is an advisor to executives in the consumer and media industries for Strategy&, PwC's strategy consulting business. Based in Chicago, he is a Principal with PwC US. Mr. Casey is a business and technology specialist in large change initiatives primarily with consumer and media firms. He contributes his deep experience in IT and systems strategies, post-merger integration, trade management, and analytical marketing to support client goals.
In 2003, Mr. Casey and his team won Strategy&'s most prestigious honor for outstanding customer service, the Professional Excellence Award (PEA), for their efforts on a project for Pfizer Consumer Healthcare. He and his team led seven large-scale post-merger integrations, each involving significant complexity in sales and distribution, operations, and IT, and contributing to annual synergies of over $500 million. Work spanned North America, Europe, and Asia, as well as all major functional areas, including manufacturing and supply chains, sales force, and call centers.
He has applied this same high quality of work to numerous engagements with the firm, including:
Leading a large-scale software development improvement initiative for a global transportation company. Key challenges included time to market, organizational alignment, product management, requirements definition and testing efficiency. He also led the effort to improve prioritization and governance of IT initiatives.
Leading multiple IT strategy engagements at consulting and media firms. Each project resulted in significant improvements and included detailed diagnostics, recommended improvements, and activity and investment road maps.
Leading multiple sales and marketing effectiveness initiatives at large consumer products firms. Efforts established comprehensive capabilities for manufacturers and involved organization, process, analytics, systems, and change management services. The team reduced or redeployed sales and marketing spending for each client to areas of maximum effectiveness to generate significant financial benefits.
A recognized thought leader, Mr. Casey co-authored a study, "Capturing Value through Customer Strategy," that highlighted insights gained in these initiatives. He was also interviewed for a podcast on the topic, "Why IT Integration is Critical to Merger Success," for strategy+business.
Mr. Casey is a former senior manager of the Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company. He is a graduate of the University of Illinois/Chicago, where he earned an MBA, and also holds a B.S. in physics from the University of Illinois/Urbana.
E-mail Tom Casey
Published by Thomas J. Casey
Media workflow and content management in a digital era: Unlock the value from your investments
© 2019 PwC. All rights reserved. PwC refers to the PwC network and/or one or more of its member firms, each of which is a separate legal entity. Please see www.pwc.com/structure for further details.
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The difference between these groups? Education. When it comes to achieving bronzed babe perfection, it's all about technique. And technique is well worth learning because once you master the art of the subtle glow, you won't be able to imagine your makeup bag sans bronzer.
It's much easier to add than subtract when it comes to makeup and this rule is especially true for bronzers. Apply a little, step away from the mirror, come back and examine and only then you can decide whether it's time to add a little more. Repeat until you're bronzed to perfection.
What's the ultimate make-up sin? Well, there are plenty but using the wrong brushes for the wrong reasons is one of the biggest.
Apply bronzer with a large soft brush like the ELES Mini Kabuki Brush and make sure to shake off any excess powder before you apply.
There's no need to bronze your entire face. A light sweeping across the forehead, nose, cheeks and chin is usually enough to get a perfect sun-kissed look. If you're wearing a low-cut top, a dusting across the dècolletè will complete the look.
It's that easy. Be bold, be brave and be bronze, you won't regret it.
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Presented by: Sounds from Africa
Listen to Time Bomb
Samini - Time Bomb
EMMANUEL ANDREWS SAMINI was born in Accra, Ghana, West Africa with his parents hailing from the northern town of Wa in Ghana"s Upper West region. As arecording and performing artist, he initially adopted the stage name BATMAN (Best of All Times MAN) but reverted to his last name SAMINI in 2006.
Samini is Ghana"s most prolific and versatile contemporary musician. His smooth mix of musical genres is a melodious interface of Ghanaian Highlife, Jamaican Dancehall and Reggae as well as American Hip-Hop and R&B. He dubs his multigenre world music presentation, African Dancehall!
Samini"s introduction to music was through his church choir. At age 18, Samini collaborated with renowned Ghanaian Highlife musician Mary Agyapong on a single released in 2001. After 3 years of collaborating with various accomplished Ghanaian musicians, Samini released his maiden solo album Dankwasere in 2004, which topped the music charts in Ghana...
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Samini"s introduction to music was through his church choir. At age 18, Samini collaborated with renowned Ghanaian Highlife musician Mary Agyapong on a single released in 2001. After 3 years of collaborating with various accomplished Ghanaian musicians, Samini released his maiden solo album Dankwasere in 2004, which topped the music charts in Ghana for several months. He won Best New Artist and Hiplife Artist of the Year awards at the 2005 Ghana Music Awards (GMA.)
For his self-titled sophomore album, Samini, released in 2006, he won four awards at the 2007 GMA. Samini received international recognition as the Best African Musical Act at the 2006Music Of Black Origin (MOBO) Awards in the U.K. Also in 2006, he was nominated for MTV"s Europe Music Awards (EMA) in Germany,Channel "O" Awards in South Africa, and the Radiophonie Prize in France. Samini won the Best African Artist Award at the Hip-Hop World Awards in Nigeria.
In 2008, Samini was nominated for Best Live Performer at the inaugural MTV Africa Music Awards (MAMA) and for Best Artist from West Africa at the KORA Awards, also known as Africa"s Grammys. In 2009, he released his third album Dagaati ("Know Your Roots"),which included collaborations with international artists Etana (Jamaica), Steel Pulse (Jamaica), Sway (U.K.), and Nameless, and toured worldwide with live performances at the 2009 Afrofest and Caribana festivals in Toronto, Canada.
In 2010, Samini released his fourth solo album C. E. O. (Crucial Entertainment Outlaw) which won Album of the Year award at the 2010 GMA. He also won the Best African Entertainer award at the 2010 International Reggae & World Music Awards (IRAWMA) in New York. In 2011, he won the Channel "O" Best African Reggae Dancehall Artist award in South Africa. He recently released his fifth solo album titled Next Page.
Three of his latest songs, "Body Flame" featuring Kaakie ,
"Time Bomb" featuring Wizkid, and "Masters" are receiving mainstream commercial radio and video airplay across the world. Samini has shared the stage performing alongside world-renown artists such as Sean Paul, Game, Akon, Kelvin Little, Wayne Wonder, Shaggy, Ja-Rule, Damien Marley, Bennie Man, Jay-Z, Chaka Demus and Pliers, Culture, Steel Pulse, Mavado, Etana, Busy Signal, 2Face, PopCaan and Rita Marley in Ghana, U.K., Nigeria, Germany, Italy, Canada, U.S., Holland, and at the 2010 World Cup Soccer Fiesta in South Africa. Samini was selected by African telecommunications giant MTN as a spokesperson and the wholesome, family-friendly personality on its phone cards and billboards across Ghana, a country of more than 25 million people!
Samini recognizes the importance of using his talent and positive public profile to carry messages of togetherness, love, peace, development, and hope across the African continent and beyond. The United Nations Children"s Fund, UNICEF, in Ghana selected Samini to perform the song "Clean Water" alongside Ghanaian musician Rocky Dawuni to promote good sanitation and hygiene. Samini was also selected as "Ambassador for Children" by the largest philanthropic agency in Ghana, Plan Ghana.
Furthermore, the British Council in Ghana selected Samini as an advocate for its programme Debate to Action (DTA), a capacity-building programme aimed at young leaders of youth organizations. Samini"s role in the DTA programme is to use his strong positive personality and profile across Ghana to assist in projecting the DTA"s agenda and help in encouraging discussions about issues concerning the youth.
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The show at Palm Door on Sixth on Friday, March 20
⋆ 12:00PM UMG Experience
⋆ 8:00PM Emma Nyra
8:45PM Samini
⋆ 9:30PM Sarkodie
⋆ 10:10PM Ice Prince
⋆ 11:00PM Serge Beynaud
⋆ 11:45PM R2bees
⋆ 12:25AM Davido | {
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package io.apiman.common.util;
public class ApimanPathUtils {
public static final String X_API_VERSION_HEADER = "X-API-Version"; //$NON-NLS-1$
public static final String ACCEPT_HEADER = "Accept"; //$NON-NLS-1$
/**
* Parses the HTTP request and returns an object containing all of the API
* information (Org, Id, Version).
* @param apiVersionHeader
* @param acceptHeader
* @param pathInfo
*/
public static final ApiRequestPathInfo parseApiRequestPath(String apiVersionHeader, String acceptHeader, String pathInfo) {
//String pathInfo = request.getPathInfo();
ApiRequestPathInfo info = new ApiRequestPathInfo();
boolean versionFound = false;
//String apiVersionHeader = request.getHeader("X-API-Version"); //$NON-NLS-1$
if (apiVersionHeader != null && apiVersionHeader.trim().length() > 0) {
info.apiVersion = apiVersionHeader;
versionFound = true;
} else {
//String acceptHeader = request.getHeader("Accept"); //$NON-NLS-1$
if (acceptHeader != null && acceptHeader.startsWith("application/apiman.")) { //$NON-NLS-1$
String [] split = acceptHeader.split("\\+"); //$NON-NLS-1$
info.apiVersion = split[0].substring("application/apiman.".length()); //$NON-NLS-1$
versionFound = true;
}
}
int minParts = versionFound ? 3 : 4;
if (pathInfo != null) {
String[] split = pathInfo.split("/"); //$NON-NLS-1$
if (split.length >= minParts) {
info.orgId = split[1];
info.apiId = split[2];
if (!versionFound) {
info.apiVersion = split[3];
}
if (split.length > minParts) {
StringBuilder resource = new StringBuilder();
for (int idx = minParts; idx < split.length; idx++) {
resource.append('/');
resource.append(urlEncode(split[idx]));
}
if (pathInfo.endsWith("/")) { //$NON-NLS-1$
resource.append('/');
}
info.resource = resource.toString();
}
}
}
return info;
}
/**
* @param string
*/
@SuppressWarnings("nls")
public static String urlEncode(String string) {
return string.replace("#", "%23");
}
/**
* Parsed API request path information.
*/
public static class ApiRequestPathInfo {
public String orgId;
public String apiId;
public String apiVersion;
public String resource;
}
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
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Every man has all he needs; within you is your strength, resources whether natural or human. Independence can never be juxtaposed to provision. You can't collect and provide, you can't be a refugee and still a ruler, you can't live on people and still be their leader, you either collect or you provide. If only we could look deeply right within us, we have all we need to survive.
Singapore was so scared of letting all their allied countries to leave, but the countries were ready to leave anyway. Despite Singapore appeals, they left, and Singapore had to face life alone. Their main problem was the lack of natural resources like crude oil, gold, diamond and the likes whereby they can sell in the international market and use the proceeds to fund their economy. However, this didn't stop them. They became a developed country from nothing, just by looking within themselves through the help of Lee Yuan Kew. They knew they had something despite no natural resources. They harnessed their human resources and that was all they needed to succeed.
Who is Lee Yuan Kew?
Lee Yuan Kew, who lived from 16 September 1923 to 23 March 2015 was popularly known by his initials as LKY. Lee Yuan Kew served as the first Prime Minister of Singapore and governed for three decades (30 years). Lee, as fondly called is recognized as the founding father of Singapore because the country was able to transit from a third world country to a first world country in a single generation under his leadership.
Lee attended the London School of Economics and later studied at the Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge University where he graduated with double starred-first-class honours in law. Lee practiced law for nine years before he started the People's Action Party (PAP) in 1954 and served as the first secretary general till 1952 after securing eight consecutive victories.
Lee then decided to step down in 1990 as a Prime Minister but remained as a Senior Minister under Goh Chok Tong, his successor until 2004. He later served as Minister Mentor under his son Lee Hsien Loong till 2011 which sum his ministerial years to 56. He also continued to serve his constituency, Tanjong Pagar constituency close to 60 years as a member in the parliament before he died in 2015.
Lee fought for the independence of Singapore from colonial rule of Britain and after a successful pull out through national referendum, the state decided to merge with other states that were under the British rule to form Malaysia in 1963. Due to racism and differences in ideology, the merger couldn't stand a test of time and after two years, they parted ways making Singapore a sovereign state controlled by the parliament. Under Lee, Singapore significantly transformed from a stagnant British colony to an Asian Tiger economy. To achieve this, Lee developed a government based on meritocracy (deserving of post based on what you can offer and if you fit in), and as well highly effective and incorrupt civil service and government. Currently, many policies of Lee Yuan Kew are taught at the Lee Yuan Kew School of Public Policy.
Instead of a normal politician following the populist policies to aid corruption and stealing of public funds for personal purpose, Lee Yuan Kew rather focused and utilized Long-term social and economic measures. With concentration on multiracialism and meritocracy as the basis of the government, Lee made sure English was the common language in order to accommodate and integrate its immigrant society, improve trade with the west and as well mandated bilingualism in schools in order to keep the mother tongue and preserve ethnic identity. Though criticized for limiting civil liberties, he argued that it was necessary in order to stabilize the polity and aid economic progress. Lee Yuan Kew died at 91 of pneumonia. Up to 1.7 million paid him a tribute at his lying-in-state at the Parliament House.
Lee Yuan Kew, a fourth-generation Singaporean was born in 1923 at Kampong, Java Road, Singapore. He had three younger brothers; Dennis Lee Kim Yew, Freddy Lee Thiam Yew and Dr Lee Suan Yew. He also had a younger sister named Monica Lee Kim Mon.
Lee's parents were English-educated and they named him 'Kuan Yew' which means 'light and brightness' along with an alternative meaning 'bringing great glory to one's ancestors'. Lee got married to Kwa Geok Choo on 30 September 1950. The both of them learned and spoke English as their first language. Lee was deficient in the Chinese language and started to learn in 1955 at the age of 32. He later learned the Japanese language.
Lee Yuan Kew started at the Telo Kurau English School in Singapore in 1931. In one of his accounts, he described the students of the school as poor and unbright. He then proceeded to Raffles Institution in 1935 where he also struggled because he met the best 150 students from all of Singapore. Lee later joined the Scouts where he featured for three years playing cricket, chess and tennis and also participated in debates for the school. He won scholarships and was the best in the School Certificate examinations in 1940, which made him win the John Anderson Scholarship to study at Raffles Institution Junior College. Lee's wife to be then, Kwa Geok Choo was in the same class with Lee and was the only girl at the institution. Kwa was also known to be brilliant and was the only one who beat Lee in English and Economics subjects. | {
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Industry body Assocham says the government ignored warnings thrown up by worsening economic indicators, particularly trade deficit, which rose by a staggering 49% during 2011-12, leading to the present crisis of unsustainable current account deficit.
"The trade deficit between 2010-11 and 2011-12 increased by as much as 49%, still there was no sign of concern visible either in the commerce ministry or in the finance ministry at that point of time," says a study conducted by the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (Assocham)..
The tell-tale signs were clear that the situation would not be sustainable but certainly the early warnings given by the data were brushed aside, it adds.
The unsustainable deficit in merchandise trade in FY 2012 threw a strong early warning about India's deteriorating current account deficit (CAD) as early as 15 months before the current crisis, but obviously the warning about widening import-export gap was overlooked, says the study.
The data clearly shows the damage to the macro situation was done in 2011-12 and not as much in 2012-13.
The study found that if only the data was taken seriously and damage control was done in the subsequent years by way of import compression and push up in exports, the country would not have faced the present current account deficit (CAD).
The study, which drew comparisons between the data of the last three fiscals, also found that in 2011-12, the export-import of goods widened as much as 10 percentage points with trade deficit ballooning to $189 billion against $127 billion in 2010-11.
"It was the comfort zone of the inflows from the invisibles, particularly software services, which made the policy makers in the government complacent in 2011-12, placing misplaced optimism about the continuity of the trend, which did not happen," said Assocham secretary general DS Rawat.
Inflows from software services rose to $62 billion in 2011-12 from $53 billion in the previous fiscal.
Though the gap between trade deficit of the 2012 and 2013 financial years was just about $7 billion, in absolute terms the numbers for both the years were alarming, reveals the study.
Looking ahead, export finance must be made available at much lesser rates while exporters need not be made to run in the corridors of the commerce and the finance ministry for getting their legitimate tax refunds in the form of duty drawbacks, it says. | {
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Half an acre of productive land located in one of the most beautiful parts of Tasmania. A new colorbond shed has been established on site and provides the perfect storage option for your materials as you build (STCA). The approved building site will offer the purchasers tranquil views over the shores of Cray Point and allow for plenty of free yard space to landscape to your tastes. There is the beginnings of an orchard area to the side of the shed and water catchment from here as well.
This is an ideal location for either a holiday property or permanent house site, with fantastic access to the waterfront and family friendly beaches nearby.
One not to be missed, phone today for your inspection. | {
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} |
Home » Health News » Coronavirus models do not give us what we desperately want: A crystal ball on the pandemic
Coronavirus models do not give us what we desperately want: A crystal ball on the pandemic
Most inhabitants of the U.S. spent the month of April abiding by economically devastating stay-at-home orders, hoping that would crush the coronavirus epidemic.
It hasn't. Not even close. While the daily toll has leveled off, the numbers remain staggeringly high. On Monday, the nation had about 23,000 new cases, and 1,200 more deaths, according to the Coronavirus Tracker. And a draft government report forecasts a sharp upward trend beginning in eight days.
This defies what little experts thought they knew about the life cycle of COVID-19. It also means the many models that have been developed to inform decisions about reopening are, at best, educated guesses, and at worst, dead wrong.
"While models can be important tools, their approaches and assumptions vary widely, and can give widely divergent results," says a Kaiser Family Foundation review.
Science journalist David Wallace-Wells has pointed out the fallacy of models that predict COVID-19 will taper off now that it has stopped its early phase of exponential growth. The White House touted such a simulation, developed at the University of Washington. Another one, from Rutgers University, forecasted that deaths would end by late June and the cumulative toll would be 63,249—a number the country has already exceeded.
"Seeing a flattening in the number of cases or deaths, the models project a decline, even if the flattening is not a function of the disease itself but of the extraordinary social conditions we have imposed on it," Wallace-Wells wrote in New York magazine.
Fallible as they are, mathematical models serve many purposes. They can estimate characteristics of an infection, such as its incubation period—the time between getting infected and showing symptoms. Models can help predict hospital capacity needs. And they can guide reopening strategies. Pennsylvania, for example, is using Carnegie Mellon University's "risk-based decision support tool" to gradually lift restrictions, starting with the least densely populated counties.
The thing is, the new virus has turned out to be far more infectious and insidious than originally thought. The maximum incubation period was believed to be two weeks, so that's how long people exposed to a confirmed case are told to "self-quarantine" at home.
Now, however, it's clear that transmission can occur before any symptoms appear, that many infected people have no symptoms, and some people who have recovered can still spread the virus for weeks. This evolving understanding, experts say, helps explain why, despite lockdowns, daily COVID-19 counts have plateaued but not plummeted.
While some models have been overly rosy, a few have been overly bleak. The University of Pennsylvania Health System, for example, projected its three Philadelphia hospitals would have 3,131 to 12,650 patients with COVID-19 at the peak—a terrifying possibility that prompted extraordinary surge preparations. In reality, health system data shows, the combined daily COVID census has been below 1,000 in those hospitals and is now declining slightly.
Other models show that tweaking a variable can dramatically improve the theoretical outlook.
Consider the model developed by PolicyLab at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. It uses real-time data on population density, shutdown policies, and weather temperatures from 260 counties across the U.S. to predict the impact of reopening in each community.
If Philadelphia reopened a quarter of nonessential businesses on May 15, the model originally predicted a disastrous spike to 2,000 new cases a day in July – three times more than the peak seen in April—followed by an equally dramatic decline to almost no transmission just a few weeks later.
Then the CHOP researchers, led by pediatrician David Rubin, updated the model to strengthen the effect of seasonal temperatures, based on what they've seen across the country. Most experts say hot weather will not offset our lack of immunity to the coronavirus, but the updated CHOP model differs. It foresees no spike of cases in Philadelphia, and predicts cases will peter out by mid-August—unless the city reopens half of nonessential business instead of 25%.
The original and updated scenarios "both share the same message: Opening quickly and without caution is very risky," Rubin said. "However, like Southeast Asia, if we stay vigilant and protect each other, there is a new normal where we can get back a lot of functioning to our community by the summer."
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} |
Human Organ Transplant Centre
HOTC Ministry of Health
Successful Completion of 2nd international Transplant Conference, Nepal- 2022
Successful Completion of 2nd INTERNATIONAL TRANSPLANT CONFERENCE, NEPAL-2022
It is our pleasure to draw your kind attention that this year we had successfully completed 2nd International Transplant Conference, Nepal-2022 with the theme Deceased Donor Transplantation for Developing World on 12th & 13th Nov.2022 in the capital city at The Everest Hotel, New Baneshwor, Kathmandu. The conference was jointly organized by Ministry of Health & Population, Shahid Dharmabhakta National Transplant Center (SDNTC), Bhaktapur and Nepalese Society of Organ Transplantation (NESOT).
Experts from India, America, Japan, Bangladesh, Holland, Belgium, Slovenia participated in the conference. Experts have emphasized that organ donation after brain death should be encouraged in Nepal. At the conference held on Saturday & Sunday in Kathmandu, the experts also emphasized organ transplantation after brain death. The experts pointed out that the problem of organ donation will be solved when organ donation and transplantation would be easily carried out in the developing countries.
On the occasion Mr. Shankar Das Bairagi, Chief Secretary of the government, said that the patients are benefited by the government investment in kidney disease.
Mr. Bairagi informed that according to the plan of the government preparations are being made to expand the transplant service to all the seven provinces of the country. He also added that the proposal to develop Shahid Dharmabhakta National Transplant Center, as an expert institution for producing transplant related specialists has been forwarded.
Dr. Pukar Chandra Shrestha, Chairman of Organizing Committee & Executive Director of Shahid Dharmabhakta National transplant center, said that there has been a significant improvement in the transplant law in Nepal.
Dr. Shrestha said that the treatment center is providing world class transplant services and informed that the government plans to expand the kidney transplant services in all the seven provinces of the country with the initiative of the national transplant center.
According to the same plan, the transplantation services are currently being conducted at the Pokhara Institute of health Science with the technical support of centre, he said.
Dr. Shrestha said that the organ transplant service was going to begin in Surkhet Provincial Hospital soon.
The government has provided free transplant and Dialysis for kidney patients in the listed hospitals of Nepal.
In the conferences, 16 working papers were presented by Nepali experts, and 12 working papers by the foreign experts including Prof. Sandeep Guleria, Prof Dr. Vivek Kute, Prof. M. Kasahara, Prof Dr. Mohammad Rela, Prof Dr. Akinari Fukuda, Prof Dr. Subash Gupta, Prof Dr. Illankumaran Kaliamoorthy, Prof. Dr. Md. Kamrul Islam, Dr. Danica Avsec, Prof Dr. Eric Hoste, Prof Jacques Pirenne, Dr Shweta A. Singh, Prof Damiano Rondelli .They informed about the achievements made in the field of organ transplantation in their countries. In the conference we have masterclass on Deceased Donor Transplantation Conducted by Miss Pallavi Kumar. We have guest lecture and interactive sessions also.
The conference focused on the problems related to organ donation in the developing countries and the need for widespread use of post-mortem organ donation.
Renowned transplant experts from America, Japan, India, Bangladesh, The Netherlands, Belgium, Slovenia and Nepal, experts related to Nepal's Health, Artists, Lawyers and District Hospital Chiefs and Nursing Chiefs participated in the conference.
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"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
London, GB 12 °C
The Banks
346-year-old private bank names new CEO
Tom Belger | 07:30 Wednesday 5th September 2018 | 0
Private bank C Hoare & Co has announced that Steven Cooper will be its new chief executive officer.
He will join the bank from 10th January 2019 from Barclays Bank PLC.
At Barclays, Steven has most recently served as CEO at Barclays Personal Banking UK and Europe, and CEO at Barclaycard Business.
During his time with the high street bank, he worked across a wide range of product lines, including retail and business banking, payments, data, digital and fintech.
At C Hoare & Co – which was founded in 1672 and provides current account and mortgage services – Steven will report to Lord Macpherson, chairman of the private bank.
"We are very pleased to welcome Steven as our new CEO," said Lord Macpherson.
"His deep and extensive banking experience will help ensure that we continue to provide our customers with the highly personal private banking service that sets us apart from our peers.
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"I am confident that Steven will prove to be an invaluable addition to our executive team and look forward to working closely with him."
Alexander Hoare, partner and director at C Hoare & Co, said that Steven's banking expertise and leadership abilities made him the perfect fit for the role.
"Steven exemplifies our core values and philosophy, which have served us and our customers well for nearly 350 years.
"I am pleased to welcome him to C Hoare & Co's executive team and look forward to working with him.
"On behalf of the partners and the board, I would like to thank David Green for his exceptional leadership of the bank as chief executive and managing director."
Meanwhile, Steven added: "I feel delighted and privileged to be joining such an outstanding institution.
"C Hoare & Co has a reputation founded on centuries of excellence and I am very much looking forward to working with the team to continue that tradition."
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In 1944, the Red Army was pushing back and closing in on Bauska. On July 28 of the same year, I joined the volunteer force. I was finally eighteen. But there were people who were as young as fifteen and as old as eighty years old, and everyone wanted to fight the Russians. No one wanted another Soviet occupation. We waged guerrilla war for several weeks. I was injured on September 14, 1944. That's where the war ended for me. I was injured in the fight where twenty-eight Soviet T-34 tanks went up against two hundred Latvian conscripts. We were trying to cross a river, but the Russians came at us from all sides. There were planes flying over, tanks on the ground, artillery fire. It was hell. Many men died trying to swim across the river. We had six mine throwers and all the men that knew how to use them were dead. I tried to use one from a rooftop, but a tank fired at the building and everything caved in beneath me. I was brought to a German hospital. My right arm was only attached by skin, so they cut it off. My left was completely smashed. The doctor there told me I had twenty-eight injuries total.
By February 1, 1945, the Americans had invaded Germany. The soldiers put signs on hospital doors that forbade patients to leave the area. After a few days, all the Latvians there got together and literally cried, not because the war was ending, but because they knew Latvia will be once again occupied by the Russians. On April 9, we were free to go. I knew a Latvian woman who had married a German. I went to see them and they gave me a room, but they were short on food. I stayed there until the Americans handed that territory over to the Russians. I no longer remember the name of the town we were in. Eventually I was arrested for taking part in the resistance.
I was moved across different concentration camps in Germany, Poland and Russia. Most of the people held alongside me ended up in Siberia, where they would remain for decades. I was the only one that didn't go. I hadn't done anything wrong. I told them if they thought I had, I wanted them to shoot me right away.
When I was free, I returned to my home, only to be mistaken for a vagrant by my mother before she realized who I was. After three days back in Bauska, I tried to get my documents. But I was arrested and jailed for two weeks. They asked me for a list of names of all the people I worked with during the war. I gave them one and was set free. I still didn't have any documents, so I couldn't find work. I yielded to failure and left Bauska. I married a woman in Riga. I found a job there as a security guard for different shops. When my boss discovered that I hadn't served in the Red Army, he fired me after only three months of employment. I couldn't find another job. I started my own business and that's how I earned money to raise my children.
Arturs Vidners,
Liepaja, LatviaMORE...
My name is Arturs Vidners. I was born on August 14, 1925.
I went to school here. My father was in the army, an infantry commander. In June of 1940, the Russians came. They took my father to the garden and shot him in front of me.
In 1943, I turned 18 and volunteered for the army. I wanted to avenge my father's death.
I was sent to Germany for training, we were initially trained to fight Americans, but we refused because we wanted to fight the Russians. Soon, we were sent to Denmark for more training. Then to Czechoslovakia, then back to Latvia. I could have stayed in Germany, to fight there. But I wanted to return to my country and help gain freedom. I returned in 1944.
When I got back, I participated in major battles. I was awarded six medals.
In 1944, on December 23, we knew a fight was going to take place. We knew how big the Russian army was. They thought we were going to celebrate Christmas. But the fight was very bloody, because there were 23 Russians for every 1 Latvian.
There was no moment in that battle when Latvians wanted to run. We stayed and fought because we knew how much each person counted. There were soldiers on the field that couldn't move. Some went to the field to try and help them, and they shot at us, and the soldiers weren't because of that. During the Christmas fights, we needed to get ahead of the Russians. There was a moment when a Russian man was below me with a gun in his hand. I thought I was going to get shot. There were shots from elsewhere and the man fell dead in front of me. I never saw the guy who saved me. Not far from where we are, there's a special cemetery for Legion soldiers. In 1944, the Germans were helping because the Russians had tanks and they could shoot us from farther away than we could hit back. One time, another soldier and I were in the woods, surrounded by Russians. We understood that if we approached them head-on, we would be killed easily. So we ran out in a zigzag in different directions and together killed over two hundred men with our guns, over 4km. We got medals for that fight. But we didn't feel courageous, because it had been necessary, because had we not done that, we'd have been killed. One of the last episodes I remember from the war took place in 1944, on March 22. The Latvian Legion had to retreat, and I remember that I couldn't sleep. I was at a house and the Russians found us and surrounded the place with tanks. There were eighteen men inside. We proceeded to destroy five of the seven tanks and the other two fled. We won that fight. After that, on March 23, I was badly injured on an ammunition run when I was hit with shrapnel, and that was the end of the war for me. I was in a hospital when I heard the war was over. We were happy the war had ended, but we were upset also because the Russians had won. After the war, I was stuck at home, without documents, but fortunately I had a classmate who was a policeman and he helped me get documentation. Afterwards, I attended music school. It was hard after the war, because no one had money. Food was scarce. I tried to earn money by playing accordion. I didn't finish the education. The director of the school was Russian and he didn't allow me to take the exams. After that, I went on to work odd jobs. Like fishing.
Pyotr Alaev,
Riga, LatviaMORE...
My name is Pyotr Alaev, and I was born to the family of workers in 1922 in Biysk, which is in Altay. Funny enough, when I was in primary school, a teacher asked us what we wanted to be in the future, and I remember writing on a piece of paper that I wanted to be a pilot. And so it happened. When I was in the seventh grade, a man from a local flying club came to our school. You know, there were these flying clubs that belonged to the Union of Societies of Assistance of Defense and Aviation-Chemical Construction of the USSR, an organization that trained military staff in peace time.
So that man came to our school to talk to us kids and tell us more about the club. I remember that he was rather well-dressed, wearing a suit, a coat and felt boots. I think it was in March of 1937 or 1938. It didn't take me long to decide to join that club, and I immediately signed in for the medical check-up. When I told my mother about this decision, she got surprised and asked me what was to become of me in the future then. What kind of question was that? A pilot of course!
I studied in the flying club for about two years, without giving up secondary school. In 1939, I finished my training in the club, when a representative from Omsk Aviation School came to our club recruiting student pilots for their school. So I accepted that offer. I got enrolled in February 1941, and in June the war broke out. We had already had some training before that, on small agricultural biplanes. Besides, we used to have those R-5 planes, similar to the modern An-12. Having finished the obligatory course, we went on to training on SB planes, which were the most advanced modern bombers for the time, as well as I-16 fighter planes, which had a nickname "ishak" (Russian for "donkey").
When we were finishing our training, things got pretty tough. A lot of other pilot schools from western regions were being evacuated to Omsk. For example, the one from Rogan, which is near Kharkov. So, instead of four training squadrons in our school, we had 12.
The overall situation in the country was very complicated. We were attacked from three different sides: Berlin, Rome and Tokyo. So after graduating from the aviation school, I as well as my 120 other fellow students were sent to the Far East. That was in 1942.
They gave us the military ranks of sergeants. In fact, we were supposed to become lieutenants, but I guess the economic situation in the country was too tough to make it happen. Because if they make you an officer, you should be given higher wages, a new uniform - this sort of thing. But as long as we were sergeants, we could go to the war wearing the same clothes as we did when we were in the pilot school. However, the wages were a bit higher, as we were pilots, after all. It wasn't until 1943 when Stalin issued a decree saying that military school graduates should be promoted to the rank of officers, that we finally became junior lieutenants.
We were doing pretty well in the Far East. I and some other guys from my regiment were given special assignments. Once, it was the first day when hostilities started on the border with Manchuria, near Bikin and Khabarovsk, we were given the assignment to destroy all the communication lines of the enemy, which basically meant hitting the wires from above. They even organized some training for us, so that we could practice hitting such narrow targets.
You can't imagine how patriotic we were at that time, but it's hard to expect anything else from 19 to 20-year olds, right? We even thought of raising some funds and buying our own plane. A small biplane could cost say, 47 thousand. By that time we had already bought some clothes, boots, etc. So the plan was to club together and buy another plane. And if we didn't have enough money, we could always cut the wood in taiga where we were staying and sell it. Our political supervisor (deputy commander in charge of propaganda) kind of liked the idea, but then his superior officer came from Khabarovsk and criticized us, saying that it wasn't good for a fighting unit to engage in that sort of trading.
Interestingly, three months later, somewhere in April 1944, we found out that our commander had gone away to headquarters and was expected to bring some news. When he was coming back on an SB plane whizzing low above the ground, he made a special stunt in the air, and our officers understood that we were about to set off to get some new planes. So two weeks later we flew to the west, to Zaporozhye, where we were trained to fly on the Bi-2, which is an experimental dive bomber. There we finally received our planes, straight from the Kazan aircraft plant. In fact, those planes came as a gift from Lozova, a small place in the Kharkiv region. Kolkhoz farmers from that area gathered money to buy us those planes, so our squadron was called Lozovskiy kolkhoznik. Another squadron received planes from Kegichevka, which is another small town in the Khakov region.
In 1943, we had our bases on airfields which were literally fields, or agricultural fields leveled with rollers. You can imagine having to land on this! Once we had a flying mission to bomb the Vistula. There were nine of us in the group of bombers. Usually there were 12 planes in a squadron of fighters, and nine in a squadron of bombers. A usual bomber plane crew consisted of a pilot, a navigator and a gunner who was also a radio man. The latter was sitting in the third cabin, the so-called F3. The battery was also located there. So when we were already coming back, the gunner told me that the battery was boiling. I told him to switch it off; but once he did it, the communication ceased as well. I was about to land, but noticed that the previous plane had not yet exited the runway. So I took another circle around when I understood that the plane was in complete disorder. I had to land it as soon as possible, but that field was a complete mess. You know, snow mixed with earth and god knows what.
Before too long I realized that I had lost the right course, and my airfield remained somewhere aside. Luckily I saw an IL-2 attack plane flying ahead of me. I guessed that it was heading for its airfield, so I followed him. I got a warm welcome there. Planes that had a forced landing were usually received well. Then they checked my plane and found out that there was an oil leakage in one of the two engines, and the anti-freezing liquid was leaking in the other. They wired to my unit so that they could send a car to get us home. It turned out that it was 30 km away. On the next morning I came back to get the plane.
You should understand that being a pilot you don't really have time to look around. Your main job is to fly the plane and keep up with the rest of the group. If you lag somewhere behind, you'll definitely get hit. Besides, there were usually four fighters escorting us - two on either side. It felt safer that way.
I remember one assignment when we flew out to bomb some crossing. The problem was that one of our pilots was not allowed to fly that morning, because he had got loaded up on the previous night. As our group was incomplete, they gave us a new guy. Well, he wasn't really new, he even seemed to have more experience than us. All his chest was covered with medals. So he was in the leading group of three planes, flying on the right-hand side in front of me. We were about to make a turn and fly back home when he suddenly started to fall back on me. I naturally fell back on the one behind me, and the whole formation got disrupted. To make things worse, my radio man reported that there was a strange plane approaching us from behind with an unusually long body. German planes, Messerschmitt for example, had just this kind of long body. So I told the radio guy to give it a burst from his machinegun. We actually had two of them: a large-caliber 12.7 mm short-range machinegun and a Shkas, but the former one got stuck. Some sand grain must have gotten inside. That was a hot battle, I should say. Luckily we survived it. Then I found my partner, the one who used to fly on my right, and we returned to our base together.
There was another case when we suddenly noticed that we have a problem with our fuel tank. At first I thought that it was my partner who had a problem, but then I realized that the fuel was evaporating from our tank! I remember looking at the gauge and watching the pointer moving fast towards zero. We only had 150 liters left when I saw an airfield with a special sign saying that we could land there. I landed, and people came running to us to help. After they fixed the tank and filled it with 500 liters, I went to their headquarters - a mere dug-out in fact - to ask for permission to leave.
The commander, however, told me to bring a reference from the weather forecasters to make sure that the weather was good enough to fly. It turned out that it wasn't. I went back to my crew who was standing beside the plane waiting for me. I can't help mentioning that my navigator was the father of Gennagiy Troshev, the one who commanded the 58th Army in Checnhya in the 90s. So I came up to my crew and suggested a way to leave. So guess what? An escape ensued! How? Very simple! We told the guardsman that we were about to check the engines, then removed the braking clamps and took off! As simple as that. And the weather was just fine, by the way.
You know, when you take off from a field, you find yourself in such a thick cloud of dust, that you virtually can't see anything. I was the last one to take off, so I told my navigator to watch carefully so that we didn't lose our group. When I finally reached the necessary altitude I saw a group of planes in the distance, but when I came closer they turned out to be our neighbors! My mates had already flown away while I was circling in the dust. We radioed to our base asking them if we could land with bombs on board. Luckily they allowed us to do so and didn't even scold us for that. It's a dangerous thing to land a heavy plane full of bombs, but I managed to do it very smoothly.
Later, in September 1944, we were sent to the 1st Belorussian front. Brest-Litovsk, Brest, and then Warsaw. We made flights with all sorts of missions. Once we even bombed the ice on the Vistula River, so that the retreating German troops could not cross the frozen river. We also attacked groups of tanks, mostly at some crossroads where they were most visible. Our regiment bombed Finsterwalde, Frankfurt an der Oder, and some other German towns.
Not long before the war ended we had a flying mission near Werneuchen, which is a big air field. They had a major crossing of roads there with a large gathering of machines. I also took part in three air raids in Berlin. We bombed the railway stations where most German troops were located. First Silesian and then Stettin railway stations. Besides, we had some flying missions in Seelower Hohen, as well.
I have already told you that if you are a bomber pilot you don't really see anything in particular. All you have to do is to operate the plane and follow your group. However, one thing I remember very well is Berlin. It really struck me to see its gray dim buildings, which were very unpleasant to look at. At least this is how they seemed to me from above. It was very different from Zaporozhzhye, for example, with its pretty white houses and tile roofs.
Once we flew to Steszew, and our task was to bomb a road there. However, when we arrived there we saw a huge number of German troops, so the commander of our squadron told us to attack them, forgetting the initial assignment was completely different! So we did hit them, and quite successfully, I should say, but none of us got awarded for that, because we were not authorized to change the task. Discipline should always come first.
We were staying near Landsberg, a town on the Warta River, which is now known as Gorzow Wielkopolski, when we learnt about the victory. They told us about it at night, and our guys started to make a great noise firing their arms to celebrate the happy news. There in Poland, I continued my military service after the war was over.
In December 1949 there was rotation, and I found myself in Vilnius. Because of my deteriorating eyesight I couldn't fly anymore, so they transferred me to the command post. The Cold War started. Our job was to send our fighters to patrol the air space, so that everybody could see that we were not sleeping there and the border was being guarded. Once in a while the Americans would send out their planes flying along the Baltic border, so we had to send ours too as a warning. We had 24-hour shifts, and sometimes we had to send as many as 20 to 25 planes during one single shift.
Then I was transferred to the Far East, and then back to the west, to Germany. In 1956 I was sent to Sakhalin, where I served for three years as an aircraft controller. It was already Khrushchyov's time when a lot of people in the army were made redundant. Some people had only one year left before their legal retirement after 25 years of service, and they were made redundant all the same.
I was lucky to survive those redundancies. In fact, I was sent again to Germany - me and three other men from my command post - where I stayed until 1967. I was even promoted to the rank of a major, and I served as a deputy commander of a unit.
In Kaliningrad I used to work with one major Ryabov, who was a very good navigator. People said that during the war his regimental commander would always take him in his crew, because he was that good. Once they had some young pilots joining their nine-plane squadron, and the task was to bomb the German battlefront. You know when they dug trenches, our troops on the one side and the enemy on the other, they would always mark the first row of trenches so that the planes would not drop bombs on their own troops. So their squadron did the task well and came back with good photos. There were several photo cameras in a squadron that used to take a record of our performance. After each mission we would take out the cassette and analyze our work.
So everything seemed to be all right with Ryabov's squadron, but some time later they received a complaint from the infantry. It turned out that some bombs did hit our fortifications. Certainly they made an investigation trying to find the one who "dropped the ball." As Ryabov was the main navigator of the group, he had a hard time proving that he was not the one to blame. Later, it turned out that it was the fault of a young pilot.
The thing is that a bomber carries bombs inside the plane's body, and it is the navigator's job to open the bomb door. So that guy was watching his partners flying ahead of him and opened up the doors when he was still above our battlefront.
The tribunal sentenced him to serve in a penal company, the one which was in the very front line followed by anti-retreat detachments. Later, he told us about his experience. Their task was to distract the Germans in order to gain some advantage for our leading units so that they could easily win the battle. Everybody understood that it was sheer suicide, but they had no choice. Luckily, he and seven other people from his company managed to accomplish the task and stayed alive. Five days later they let him leave the penal company saying that he had done enough to atone for his guilt. And he returned to his former regiment.
What else can I say? It was a war, after all, so it wasn't much fun. However, have you ever watched that old Soviet movie "Only Old Men Are Going to Battle"? Where Bykov's character organizes an amateur music band in his squadron? We also had something like that. There was that talented guy - Sasha was his name - who wrote poetry and music. We even had our own small orchestra! You know, bottles with different levels of water in them to make different notes. One would make a melody on this makeshift xylophone and somebody else would accompany him on the accordion. | {
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Abstract: This paper presents a novel approach for constructing light-weight, low-cost sensor modules and miniature unmanned aerial vehicles which consist of printed circuit boards as integrated electronic, structural and aerodynamic lift-producing devices. In this way, each aircraft can be a single-piece, single-manufacturing step assembly, reducing materials, processing and labour costs. This approach allows the fabrication of devices that are sufficiently inexpensive so as to be economic for single-use or disposable applications, such as long-range sensor deployment for environmental monitoring. We present two example low-cost, proof-of-concept aircraft employing electro-aeromechanical structures --- rotary-wing and fixed-wing --- and demonstrate their flight performance.
Abstract: This paper describes a model reduction strategy for obtaining a computationally efficient prediction of a fixed-wing UAV performing waypoint navigation under steady wind conditions. The strategy relies on the off-line generation of time parametrized trajectory libraries for a set of flight conditions and reduced order basis functions functions for determining intermediate locations. It is assumed that the UAV has independent bounded control over the airspeed and altitude, and consider a 2D slice of the operating environment. We found that the reduced-order model finds intermediate positions within 10% and at speeds of 10x faster than clock-time (even in wind conditions in excess of 50% of the UAV's forward airspeed) when compared against simulation results using a medium-fidelity flight dynamics model. The potential of this strategy for online planning operations is highlighted.
Abstract: This paper introduces a Cartesian impedance control framework in which reaction forces exceeding control authority directly reshape bucket motion during successive excavation passes. This novel approach to excavation results in an iterative process that does not require explicit prediction of terrain forces. This is in contrast to most excavation control approaches that are based on the generation, tracking and re-planning of single-pass tasks where the performance is limited by the accuracy of the prediction. In this view, a final trench profile is achieved iteratively, provided that the forces generated by the excavator are capable of removing some minimum amount of soil, maintaining convergence towards the goal. Field experiments show that a disturbance compensated controller is able to maintain convergence, and that a 2-DOF feedforward controller based on free motion inverse dynamics may not converge due to limited feedback gains.
Abstract: Disturbances that arise in material removal by repeated attempts to track the same path have the particular characteristics of non-repetitive magnitudes, but nearly-repetitive or gradual gradient transitions. This paper proposes and validates Iterative Learning Control (ILC) with a PD-type learning function for this class of disturbance as a predictive controller for autonomous excavation. However, parameters of the PD learning function may require different tunings for different excavation conditions, and convergence can be slow when compared to changes in excavation dynamics. In order to improve convergence, a plant inversion learning function is reinterpreted as a disturbance observer in the iteration domain, effectively rendering a disturbance learning controller (DLC). A hydraulic mini-excavator was used to evaluate experimentally the performance of the conventional ILC and the DLC against a robust controller. ILC achieved a desired cut profile with non-monotonic transients and DLC converged faster by learning disturbances directly from command discrepancies.
integrated planning and control strategy.
generating torque around the hip joint.
Abstract: Distributed sensing offers a variety of benefits for environmental monitoring applications such as bushfire fighting. The cost and delay in distributing sensors over a large geographic area makes ad hoc aerial deployment via air-drop a compelling technology. However, the need to ruggardise sensors to survive free-fall impact, or the cost of including aerodynamic arrest devices such as parachutes for soft-landing, makes aerial deployment less viable. We present a method for constructing low-cost light-weight sensor modules that incorporate a mono-wing into the structure of the sensor PCB. This allows the sensors to autorotate to a soft-landing after release from the air, without additional processing or fabrication steps.
Abstract: Model uncertainty complicates most kinodynamic motion planning and control approaches due to their reliance on accurate forward prediction. If the model uncertainty is significant, a generated path or control strategy based on forward simulation of this model is potentially invalid and expensive to track (if possible). This paper explores the use of system identification/estimation to tune model parameters. Framed as an extension to rapidly exploring random tree (RRT) methods, it updates the model so that reachable actions added to the tree have more fidelity. This can be viewed as a mixture of a model predictive control (MPC) for local planning with an approximate-model global planner providing sub-goals and thus overcoming the limited lookahead caused by model uncertainty. The benefits of this approach are illustrated for a 3 DOF serial manipulator controlled by computed torque control operating under large external disturbances. In this case, the approach provides operation under intermittent feedback and disturbance observation. Tracking and actuator utilization are also improved over solutions found via conventional methods.
Abstract: Observing human motion patterns is informative for social robots that share the environment with people. This paper presents a methodology to allow a robot to navigate in a complex environment by observing pedestrian positional traces. A continuous probabilistic function is determined using Gaussian process learning and used to infer the direction a robot should take in different parts of the environment. The approach learns and filters noise in the data producing a smooth underlying function that yields more natural movements. Our method combines prior conventional planning strategies with most probable trajectories followed by people in a principled statistical manner, and adapts itself online as more observations become available. The use of learning methods are automatic and require minimal tuning as compared to potential fields or spline function regression. This approach is demonstrated testing in cluttered office and open forum environments using laser and vision sensing modalities. It yields paths that are similar to the expected human behaviour without any a priori knowledge of the environment or explicit programming.
Abstract: Disturbances that arise in material removal by repeated attempts to track the same path have the particular characteristics of non-repetitive magnitudes, but nearlyrepetitive or gradual gradient transitions. This paper proposes and validates Iterative Learning Control (ILC) with a PD-type learning function for this class of disturbance as a predictive controller for autonomous excavation. However, parameters of the PD learning function may require different tunings for different excavation conditions, and convergence can be slow when compared to changes in excavation dynamics. In order to improve convergence, a plant inversion learning function is reinterpreted as a disturbance observer in the iteration domain, effectively rendering a disturbance learning controller (DLC). A hydraulic mini-excavator was used to evaluate experimentally the performance of the conventional ILC and the DLC against a robust controller. ILC achieved a desired cut profile with nonmonotonic transients and DLC converged faster by learning disturbances directly from command discrepancies.
Review: Disturbances that arise in material removal by repeated attempts to track the same path have the particular characteristics of non-repetitive magnitudes, but nearly-repetitive or gradual gradient transitions. This paper proposes and validates Iterative Learning Control (ILC) for this class of disturbance as a low-level control strategy in autonomous excavation. Parameters of the ILC learning rule may require different tunings for different excavation conditions, and convergence can be slow when compared to changes in excavation dynamics. An iterative Disturbance Learning Controller (DLC) based on inverse dynamics is presented as a solution to those problems. The DLC learning rule is independent of the excavation condition and the use of an inverse arm dynamics accelerates convergence. A hydraulic mini-excavator was used to evaluate experimentally the performance of the ILC and the DLC against a robust controller. ILC achieved a desired cut profile with non-monotonic transients and DLC converged faster by learning disturbances directly from command discrepancies.
Abstract: This paper presents RobotAssist, a robotic platform designed for use in human robot interaction research and for entry into Robocup@Home competition. The core autonomy of the system is implemented as a component based software framework that allows for integration of operating system independent components, is designed to be expandable and integrates several layers of reasoning. The approaches taken to develop the core capabilities of the platform are described, namely: path planning in a social context, Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping (SLAM), human cue sensing and perception, manipulatable object detection and manipulation.
Abstract: Pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras complement many robotic applications. A coordinated camera steering method is presented to orient a set of commodity cameras to gaze at the same object or area of interest in the workspace. This method solves for a relevant camera model (intrinsics and extrinsics) and uses this to compute the geometry required for motion relative to a tracking signal.
This paper modifies auto-calibration of intrinsics and self-surveying methods of extrinsics for on-line gaze control operations over off-line reconstruction. To this feature tracking is added for feedback to compensate for servo imprecision and asynchrony. The performance of the approach is validated through a cooperative steering task on an array of PTZ cameras. Results show successful automatic steering and mean calibrations within 5% of estimates generated using reference calibration techniques.
Abstract: In this paper, the accuracy of non-linear finite element computations in application to surgical simulation was evaluated by comparing the experiment and modelling of indentation of the human brain phantom. The evaluation was realised by comparing forces acting on the indenter and the deformation of the brain phantom. The deformation of the brain phantom was measured by tracking 3D motions of X-ray opaque markers, placed within the brain phantom using a custom-built bi-plane X-ray image intensifier system. The model was implemented using the ABAQUS finite element solver. Realistic geometry obtained from magnetic resonance images and specific constitutive properties determined through compression tests were used in the model. The model accurately predicted the indentation force-displacement relations and marker displacements. Good agreement between modelling and experimental results verifies the reliability of the finite element modelling techniques used in this study and confirms the predictive power of these techniques in surgical simulation.
Abstract: Operations with flexible, compliant manipulators over large workspaces relative to the manipulator are complicated by noise, vibration, and measurement bias. These difficulties are compounded in unstructured environments, such as those encountered in humanitarian demining. By taking advantage of the static structure of the terrain and the manipulatorӳ fundamental mechanical characteristics, a series of adaptive corrections and filters refine noisy topographical measurements. These filters along with a shaped actuation scheme can generate smooth and well-controlled trajectories that allow for terrain surface following. Experimental testing was performed on a field robot with a compliant, 3 m long hybrid manipulator and a stereo vision system. The proposed method provides a vertical tracking precision of ѵ mm on a variety of ground clearings, with tip scanning speeds of up to 0.5 m/s. As such, it can agilely move the attached sensor(s) through precise scanning trajectories that are very close to the ground. This method improves overall detection and generation of precise maps of suspected mine locations.
Abstract: This paper presents an algorithm for segmenting 3D point clouds. It extends terrain elevation models by incorporating two types of representations: (1) ground representations based on averaging the height in the point cloud, (2) object models based on a voxelisation of the point cloud. The approach is deployed on Riegl data (dense 3D laser data) acquired in a campus type of environment and compared against six other terrain models. Amongst elevation models, it is shown to provide the best fit to the data as well as being unique in the sense that it jointly performs ground extraction, overhang representation and 3D segmentation. We experimentally demonstrate that the resulting model is also applicable to path planning.
Abstract: This paper presents algorithms for fast segmentation of 3D point clouds and subsequent classification of the obtained 3D segments. The method jointly determines the ground surface and segments individual objects in 3D, including overhanging structures. When compared to six other terrain modelling techniques, this approach has minimal error between the sensed data and the representation; and is fast (processing a Velodyne scan in approximately 2 seconds). Applications include improved alignment of successive scans by enabling operations in sections (Velodyne scans are aligned 7% sharper compared to an approach using raw points) and more informed decision-making (paths move around overhangs). The use of segmentation to aid classification through 3D features, such as the Spin Image or the Spherical Harmonic Descriptor, is discussed and experimentally compared. Moreover, the segmentation facilitates a novel approach to 3D classification that bypasses feature extraction and directly compares 3D shapes via the ICP algorithm. This technique is shown to achieve accuracy on par with the best feature based classifier (92.1%) while being significantly faster and allowing a clearer understanding of the classifier's behaviour.
Abstract: A new control strategy based on feedback motion planning is presented for solving nonlinear control problems in constrained environments. The algorithm explores the state-space using a bi-directional rapidly exploring random tree (biRRT) in order to find a feasible trajectory between an initial and goal state. By incrementally scheduling LQR controllers, it attempts to connect states so as to link the two trees. These attempts are evaluated by verifying that the connected state is inside the controllable area of an infinite time horizon controller at the goal. This allows for a rapid delineation of equivalent neighborhoods in the state-space. As a result, random exploration is terminated as soon as a feasible solution is made possible by feedback means, avoiding oversampling and partially introducing optimal actions at the neighborhood of the connection. The algorithm is demonstrated and compared against a biRRT using single-link pendulum and cart-pole swing-up tasks amongst obstacles, the latter showing a nearly order of magnitude more efficient search.
Abstract: From exploring planets to cleaning homes, the reach and versatility of robotics is vast. The integration of actuation, sensing and control makes robotics systems powerful, but complicates their simulation. This paper introduces a modular and decentralized architecture for robotics simulation. In contrast to centralized approaches, this balances functionality, provides more diversity, and simplifies connectivity between (independent) calculation modules. As the Virtual Robot Experimentation Platform (V-REP) demonstrates, this gives a small-footprint 3D robot simulator that concurrently simulates control, actuation, sensing and monitoring. Its distributed and modular approach are ideal for complex scenarios in which a diversity of sensors and actuators operate asynchronously with various rates and characteristics. This allows for versatile prototyping applications including systems verification, safety/remote monitoring, rapid algorithm development, and factory automation simulation.
Abstract: Trajectory generation and control of large equipment in open field environments involves systematically and robustly operating in uncertain and dynamic terrain. This paper presents an integrated motion planning and control system for tracked vehicles. Flexible path-end adjustments and adaptive look-ahead are introduced to a state lattice planning approach with waypoint control. For a given processing horizon, this increases search coverage and reduces planning error. This tramming approach has been successfully fielded on a 98-ton autonomous blast hole drill rig used in iron ore mining in Western Australia. The system has undergone extensive testing and is now integrated into a production environment. This work is a key element in a larger program aimed at developing a fully autonomous, remotely operated mine.
Abstract: Robotics is a rapidly-progressing and applied subject. This paper advocates for a research-driven model for modern robotics course design that, based on a principled approach, prepares students to consider and adopt recent results in their mechatronics applications. This view pro-vides a rubric for defining a sufficient set of top-ics that give a broad overview of robotic tech-nologies and provides a foundation for later (undergraduate) research experience. To address the inherently multidisciplinary nature of robot-ics, a modular co-teaching model is adopted in which separate sections are taught by different lecturers, who potentially span various academic departments. Evidence supporting this approach is illustrated from case studies of student pro-jects in The University of Sydneyӳ Experimen-tal Robotics course, MTRX 4700. By providing an engaging topic, a research approach, exten-sive mentorship, and an open-ended problem, the course not only meets learning objectives, but also promotes a research foundation sup-porting later undergraduate research opportuni-ties.
Abstract: For a mechanical system it often arises that its planned motion will need to be corrected either to refine an approximate plan or to deal with disturbances. This paper develops an algorithmic framework allowing for fast and elegant path correction for nonholonomic underactuated systems with Lie group symmetries, which operates without the explicit need for control strategies. These systems occur frequently in robotics, particularly in locomotion, be it ground, underwater, airborne, or surgical needle steering. Instead of re-integrating an entire trajectory, the method alters small segments of an initial trajectory in a consistent way so as to transform it via symmetry operations. This approach is demonstrated for the cases of a kinematic car and for flexible bevel tip needle steering, showing a prudent and simple, yet computationally tractable, trajectory correction.
Abstract: The gallop is the preferred gait by mammals for agile traversal through terrain. This motion is intrinsically complex as the feet are used individually and asymmetrically. Experimental data for the gallop are limited due the large workspace needed because of the gait's speed and long traversal. A generalized motion measurement strategy is adopted based on high-speed, motion capture with a reduced marker set and an emphasis on body and leg kinematics and with limited ground reaction force measurement. This allows for an extension of the workspace and allows for markers to be placed in locations with reduced tissue compliance. This is sufficient for capturing the principal motion and for making kinematic comparisons to a previously developed approximating impulse model framework. A series of gallops were measured in a large gait laboratory (18 m2 principal working area) from three canine subjects (ranging from 8 to 24 kg) galloping down a 15 m runway. Normalized results show a correlation with motions suggested by the impulse model and are in keeping with insights from previous animal and legged robot studies.
X. Fan & S. P. N. Singh. System Design for Autonomous Vehicle Tramming in Open-Pit Mining. , February, 2009.
S. P. N. Singh. Mine Control System: Control Architecture Overview. , January, Number CMA0004.100, 2009.
S. P. N. Singh. Mine Control System: Local Controller Design Report. , July, Number CMA0004.101, 2009.
Abstract: This paper focuses on modeling the gait characteristics of a quadrupedal gallop. There have been a number of studies of the mechanics of the stance phase in which a foot is in contact with the ground. We seek to put these studies in the context of the stride, or overall motion cycle. The model used is theoretical, and is kept simple in the interest of transparency. It is compared to empirical data from observations of animals, and to data from experiments with robots such as our KOLT machine, and results from sophisticated simulation studies. Modeling of the energy loss inherent in the interaction between the system and the environment plays a key role in the study. Results include the discovery of a hidden symmetry in the gait pattern, usually regarded as being completely asymmetrical. Another result demonstrates that the velocities with which the two front feet impact and leave the ground are different, and similarly for the rear feet. The velocities of the foot pairs mirror each other. This is consistent with empirical observation, but is at variance with the assumption used almost universally when modeling stance. A further result elicits the importance of the pitch moment of inertia and other effects that make the mammalian architecture, in which the center of mass is closer to the shoulders than to the hips, beneficial.
A. H. Göktoğan; E. Nettleton; R. Hennessy; D. C. Bandara; S. P. N. Singh & H. Durrant-Whyte. Mine System Architecture. , July, Number Document CMA0001.100, 2008.
S. P. N. Singh. Travel Summary Memo: West Angelas and Tom Price Mine Needfinding / Assessment Visit. , September, 2008.
S. P. N. Singh. Comparison of Field Quadruped Motion Tracking. Biorobotics 2008 Workshop at the International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2008.
Abstract: Effcient motion estimation is central to observing and controlling dynamic legged locomotion. This paper considers a screw-theoretic (line-oriented) representation for this context and illustrates this on the attitude estimation subproblem. This is presented as part of an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) based on inertial (gyroscopic) sensing in which each measurement axis is treated as an zero pitch, instantaneous screw axis. The implemented solution integrates this to tracks both the orientation and the body screw-axis. In comparison to point-oriented (quaternion) representations, this method is more general, computationally efficient, and provides a more intuitive mechanism for specifying motion constraints, especially for rotary joint motion(s) such as those that at the foot. This technique is demonstrated on a trotting quadrupedal robot at a 250 Hz rate and with drift errors limited to a 5deg bound.
S. P. N. Singh; M. Freese & J. Trevelyan. Contributions on a Design Direction for Future Humanitarian Demining Robots. Proceedings of the ICRA 2007 Workshop on Robotics in Challenging and Hazardous Environments, April, 2007.
Abstract: A Self-Surveying Camera Array (SSCA) is a vision based local-area positioning system consisting of multiple ground-deployed cameras that are capable of self-surveying their extrinsic parameters while tracking and localizing a moving target. This paper presents the array self-surveying algorithm that involves tracking a target helicopter in each camera frame and localizing the helicopter in an array-fixed frame. Three cameras are deployed independently in an arbitrary arrangement that allows each camera to view the helicopter's flight volume. The helicopter then flies an unplanned path that allows the camera array to calibrate their relative locations and orientations by utilizing self-surveying algorithms extended from the well known structure from motion algorithm and the bundle adjustment technique. This yields the cameras' extrinsic parameters enabling real-time helicopter positioning via triangulation relative to the calibrated camera array. This paper also presents results from field trials, which verify the feasibility of the SSCA as a readily deployable system applicable to helicopter tracking and localization. The results demonstrate that, as compared to differential GPS solution as true reference, the SSCA is capable of positioning the helicopter with meter-level accuracy. The SSCA has been integrated with onboard inertia sensors providing a reliable positioning system to enable successful autonomous hovering.
K. J. Waldron; J. Estremera; P. J. Csonka & S. P. N. Singh. Thinking About Bounding and Galloping Using Simple Models. Advances and Techniques in Climbing and Walking Robots (CLAWAR 2007), 2007.
Abstract: An important tool in clarifying various theories governing the dynamics of rapid quadrupedal gaits, such as the trot and gallop, is the measurement of body attitude. Such measurements are complicated in open field environments because of the large ranges and high data rates needed due to the speeds (7 m/s) and rapid shifts in dynamics present. To address this a lightweight inertial sensing harness is introduced with sensing design based on the KOLT robot. Its mass center is collocated with the subject so as to reduce dynamic bias. This work combines dynamic gait system identification and motion estimation and is demonstrated on a Labrador retriever (Canis lupus familiaris) through measurements of the gallop over long spans (20 m) and at data rates comparable with gait laboratories (400 Hz). The results are consistent with laboratory measurements, but seem to suggest a roll and yaw cross-coupling during gallop.
Abstract: Manipulator operations are complicated by sensor noise, mechanical compliance, and system bias. These uncertainties are compounded in field environments, such as those encountered in humanitarian demining. By taking advantage of the generally flat and static structure of the terrain, a series of adaptive corrections and filters refine a sensed topographical model and generate a trajectory that is robust to inherent inaccuracies and modeling errors. Experimental testing on a mobile robot using stereo-vision as modeling sensor indicates that this method provides a tracking precision of ѵ mm on relatively flat ground. As such, it will keep the attached mine sensors close to the ground, improving effectiveness.
Abstract: Legged robots display a characteristically periodic motion. Measuring and tracking this motion has traditionally been performed using general inertial measurement techniques. While widely applied in robotics, this approach is limited in dynamic legged locomotion due to the excessive accumulation of drift from severe impact shocks (nearly 9 g in single leg experiments). This paper introduces the attitude estimation problem for legged locomotion and shows preliminary results from a more powerful combined range and inertial sensing approach. Based on a modified Extended Kalman Filter the method uses ground-directed range sensors, the stride period, and other periodic features of legged locomotion in order to address inertial drift. Together this provides rapid, robust estimates of flight phases and attitude necessary for extended dynamic legged operations.
Abstract: Dynamic legged locomotion entails navigating terrain at high speed. The impact shocks from rapid footfalls, pivotal for such mobility, introduce large impulses that saturate motion measurement. A biomimetic approach is presented in which visual information, in the form of optical flow, complements information from inertial sensors. The motion is then determined using a two-phase hybrid extended Kalman filter. Experimentation in determining attitudes on a robotic leg platform shows a reduction in drift over inertial approaches and in delay over visual approaches. In tests with 6g impulses, pose was recovered within 5 deg rms with angular rate errors limited to 10 deg/sec at frequencies up to 250 Hz.
Abstract: Legged robots offer exceptional mobility in uncharted terrains. Their dynamic nature yields unrivaled mobility, but serves to destabilize the motion estimation process that underlies legged operations. In particular, the discontinuous foot fall patterns and flight phases result in severe impulses, which, in turn, result in excessive accumulation of drift by inertial sensors. Ground range measurements, amongst several others, are robust to this drift yet are limited in application due to their low-bandwidth and sensitivity to ground conditions. In considering the attitude estimation problem for this dynamic legged locomotion, this paper develops a pose calculation method based on ground range measurements. This is used in conjunction with a hybrid Extended Kalman Filter that takes advantage of the ballistic nature of the flight phases. Results indicate that this combination provides rapid, robust estimates of attitude necessary for extended dynamic legged operations. In single leg experiments, which were conducted using low-cost sensing hardware, this method had an RMS error of < 1 Ь half that of a non-hybrid EKF approach.
Abstract: In this paper we present the system design of a machine that we have constructed to study a quadrupedal gallop gait. The gallop gait is the preferred high-speed gait of most cursorial quadrupeds. To gallop, an animal must generate ballistic trajectories with characteristic strong impacts, coordinate leg movements with asymmetric footfall phasing, and effectively use compliant members, all the while maintaining dynamic stability. In this paper we seek to further understand the primary biological features necessary for galloping by building and testing a robotic quadruped similar in size to a large goat or antelope. These features include high-speed actuation, energy storage, on-line learning control, and high-performance attitude sensing. Because body dynamics are primarily influenced by the impulses delivered by the legs, the successful design and control of single leg energetics is a major focus of this work. The leg stores energy during flight by adding tension to a spring acting across an articulated knee. During stance, the spring energy is quickly released using a novel capstan design. As a precursor to quadruped control, two intelligent strategies have been developed for verification on a one-legged system. The Levenberg-Marquardt on-line learning method is applied to a simple heuristic controller and provides good control over height and forward velocity. Direct adaptive fuzzy control, which requires no system modeling but is more computationally expensive, exhibits better response. Using these techniques we have been successful in operating one leg at speeds necessary for a dynamic gallop of a machine of this scale. Another necessary component of quadruped locomotion is high-resolution and high-bandwidth attitude sensing. The large ground impact accelerations, which cause problems for any single traditional sensor, are overcome through the use of an inertial sensing approach using updates from optical sensors and vehicle kinematics.
was evaluated in a variety of SAR problem domains via computer simulations.
when coordinating large colonies of robots consisting of up to 1,500 robots.
operations in a manner not afforded by traditional methods.
Abstract: This paper presents a new concept called the Immunology-derived Distributed Autonomous Robotics Architecture (IDARA) for the manipulation of "kilorobots" (large multi-robot colonies) modeled on the actions of the human immune system. The paper presents the development of the IDARA algorithms for the control and coordination of kilorobots for robot exploration tasks in four mapping scenarios. As characterized via computer simulations with robot populations of up to 1,500, IDARA-based exploration proved to be an efficient, robust, and compact method for large-scale multirobot control that combines the speed of reflexive methods with the precision of deliberative control.
Ralph Robinson. Calibrated Peer Review. The American Biology Teacher, Volume 63, Number 7, Pages 474-480, 2001.
Created by JabRef on 11/07/2013. | {
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