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Townfields Saddlers offer an excellent choice of high quality English stirrup leathers made in Walsall using Bakers Leather of Colyton, Devon both in an adults and childs length. The Bates stirrup leathers compliment their saddle range and Stubben leathers as well as Stubben webbers give riders a choice. The webbers ensure that less bulk is between you and the horse and simply slot onto the stirrup bar. Bates webbers are a constant bestseller here at Townfields Saddlers. | {
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Show Off an Amazing Smile!
Dr. Leach believes that dental work should be more than just functional. You deserve a smile that you can't wait to show off! In our practice, we select the optimum combination of preventive care, tooth-colored fillings, and restorative options to help you reach your peak level of dental health. Modern smile transformations are so reasonable in terms of time and money that there's simply no reason you can't have the stunning, natural-looking smile you've always wanted. Inquire about what crowns, bonding, and whitening can do for YOUR smile!
Schedule a complimentary consultation by calling (423) 586-3432, and discover how cosmetic solutions and teeth whitening can give you a brilliant new smile! | {
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The longest serving Prince George's County Fire Chief, MH Jim Estepp, was presented the Fire/EMS Department's Meritorious Service Award at an event at the Colony South Hotel in Clinton.
The award is in recognition of Chief Estepps lifetime dedication to public service, including his 14 years as Fire Chief, 8 years as an elected County Councilman, and his continuing service to the Business Roundtable, Andrews Alliance, and many other organizations.
Additionally, Chief Marc Bashoor, the 2nd longest serving Prince George's County Fire Chief announced that the Fire/EMS Department's new Leadership and Development Program was being renamed the M.H. Jim Estepp School of Leadership and Excellence.
Developed two years ago as a leadership development program, modeling military principles of responsibility, accountability, & decisiveness, the program sent 30 career and volunteer members, along with 2 members chosen from Pennsylvania on an 18 month adventure, including a visit to the Antietam Battlefield. Students studied successes and failures of leadership and have studied many of the theories and principals of leadership. Graduates will ultimately become better more well rounded fire and EMS commanders.
Chief Bashoor said, "designating our Leadership and Development Program the 'M.H. Jim Estepp School of Leadership and Excellence is a fitting reflection of the excellence Chief Estepp brought to our Department and to every one of his endeavors for Prince George's County." | {
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Republican Caucus members call on councilman Jeff Miller to resign amid child molestation charges
Posted 11:49 am, November 21, 2017, by CBS4 Web, Updated at 04:45PM, November 21, 2017
INDIANAPOLIS, Ind.– Members of the Republican Caucus are calling for Indianapolis City-County Councilman Jeff Miller to resign.
On Nov. 17, Miller was charged with three counts of child molesting involving incidents with two children. The charges were filed after authorities conducted a search at Miller's home after reports of child molestation surfaced last month.
He's accused of massaging and touching children inappropriately.
When Miller turned himself in to police, Marion County Republican Central Committee Chairman Jim Merritt said he expected Miller to resign from his position on Monday. By Tuesday afternoon, no letter of resignation had been received.
This prompted councillors Michael McQuillen, Janice McHenry, Marilyn Pfisterer, Scott Kreider, Jeff Coats, Jason Holliday, Colleen Fanning, Susie Cordi, John Wesseler and Brian Mowery to call for Miller to resign.
They said his resignation would be "in the best interest of the citizens of District 16, the institution of the City-County Council, and all the people of Indianapolis."
Merritt issued this statement:
"Jeff Miller directly informed me on Friday that he intended to resign from his position on the Indianapolis City County Council and I expect him to do the right thing and resign immediately. Jeff Miller has been investigated and charged with deplorable acts that should immediately disqualify anyone from public office."
Judge Mark Stoner recused himself from the case, which has since been moved to Hendricks County. Judge Mark A. Smith was appointed as the special judge for the case.
Miller (R – District 16), was elected in 2011 to represent the near southeast, south and southwest sides of Indianapolis on the City-County Council. He was re-elected in 2015. His district includes Fountain Square, the Old Southside near Meridian, Mars Hill on the west side, IUPUI, UIndy and White River State Park.
Filed in: Crime, News, Politics
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Evansville police arrest 3 people in death of Indianapolis woman whose body was dumped in ditch
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Indiana man in prison for child molestation after teacher intercepts note passed in class
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Man allegedly drugged, sexually assaulted toddler; woman permitted it
Anderson man found guilty in murder, abuse of girlfriend's child, boy's father calls for change
Acting border chief steps down as controversy over migrant children intensifies | {
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Recent evidence is suggesting that medical tests are far from reassuring and indeed far from accurate. The result can be a long and expensive run on a treadmill.
It's inevitable isn't it - at a dinner party you start talking about real estate, your kid's education, and like these folks their health.
Now every one of these people is perfectly healthy as far as I'm aware and yet every single one of them has had a medical test of some kind. Australian doctors are ordering millions of pathology tests each year and that number's growing. But how necessary are these medical tests and more importantly can you trust the results?
The difficulty with tests is that there often is quite a lot of measurement variability in them.
People really believe the numbers mean what they say.
There's an urgent need to educate Australians about the risks of testing .
It's easy to imagine how an x-ray or an electrocardiograph could have variability after all they complicated images on the screen or squiggles on a piece of paper …But what about other tests like your cholesterol, your blood pressure or even your blood sugar where the number seems much more certain? So what's my blood pressure David?
Well Norman today it's 129 on 76.
That's a bit high, isn't it?
Ah, it's actually very hard to know. Your blood pressure changes a lot during the day.
So what should I do to make sure it's accurate?
you could take this home and take a reading in the morning when you're quiet and relaxed and then another one in the evening, and do that over a few days and we might get a better picture of what your blood pressure really is.
Alright, thanks David. Over the next few days I took my blood pressure at various times with the aim of going back to the GP to discuss my results.
Its very well known that if a doctor measures your blood pressure, your blood pressure will be higher than if a nurse takes it. And it'll be higher if a nurse takes it than if a medical student takes it. And that'll be higher than if you take it yourself.
Failing to recognise inaccurate tests can lead to potentially dangerous medical decisions –such as not prescribing a medication when you need one or giving you a drug when you actually don't. There are lots of factors that can affect your test results – the time of day, whether you've been fasting; if you've been unwell; your natural body rhythms such as the menstrual cycle and other reasons which are still unknown. Then there's how you do the test..
so was this the case with my blood pressure?
it's quite interesting, you can see that on one of your readings, more than many of the others it's quite a bit higher. It was around one, 150,155 on 80.
So the message here is you wouldn't treat me on that single number, you've got to look at my total risk? Can you show me what my total risk is? So we've averaged your blood pressure readings from your monitor, we've added in your cholesterol, whether you're a smoker, your age, whether you had diabetes or kidney disease and your potential risk of having a heart attack or stroke in the next five years. So mines only 5%?
Yeah that represents for me a key message that you don't need to get intensive monitoring. And really drug treatment won't be a consideration for you.
Professor Les Irwig believes monitoring tests like cholesterol and blood pressure are often a waste of time and risky.
For one major combination of drugs - Indapamide and Perindopril - everybody seems to decrease their blood pressure by a set amount which you can predict when you put them on the drug.
With cholesterol it's a similar story. The effect of the drug is fairly predictable and depends on how high your cholesterol was to start with.
We need to pay attention to having lots of measurements at the diagnostic stage to make sure that you have a condition like increased cardiovascular risk but that once treatment has started you don't need to have a lot of measurements to ensure that treatment has worked.
The implications of all of this on how doctors practise I think are enormous. It does require clinicians and consumers to understand more about measurement variability.
ask the doctor why are you doing this test? What are you going to do with the results? And what does that mean for me?
So how do we stop this medical treadmill? If you have an abnormal result get it rechecked; if you're being monitored for treatment you may not need many tests at all to follow yourself up; and if you're starting treatment assess yourself on your total risk not just on one test result number and above all check this with your doctor.
...and as for dinner party chat maybe real estate is a little more interesting….
Are you telling me this segment was simply a promo for Prof. Les Irwig's book?
You're not seriously suggesting that a discussion of this importance should be disregarded and spurned in favour of real estate! That was just the kind of statement I would've expected of a commercial TV station, hardly fitting for an ABC science show.
Straight forward common sense tells anyone that a standalone test is generally meaingless, especially when you refer to tests like cardiagrams, blood pressure and cholestorol.
Any doctor who does not carry out an ongoing testing regime supplemented by taking note of the prevailing conditions at the time of the tests both prior to and after medication is simply NOT doing their job and wants a swift kick in the proverbial.
Such so called doctors could potentially place their patients at risk by failing to adjust treatment appropriately. | {
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Version 9.1.2 will introduce the ARRAYRANK feature. Here is a preview of its capabilities.
The ARRAYRANK built-in can be very powerful for some applications. It allows you to order the values in an array from smallest to largest or vice-versa. In this sense, it expands upon what ARRAYMINIDX (find the index of the smallest value) and ARRAYMAXIDX (find the index of the largest value) already do.
Note, however, that sales ranks does not contain the desired salesperson ranks themselves, which we need to calculate the commissions. E.g., it does not tell us that the first salesperson is ranked 3rd. Rather, it contains the indices of the ranked sales figures. If we examine ARRAYVALUE(sales[*], sales_ranks), we will get the smallest sales figure. How can we get the salesperson ranks? Let's examine this in more detail.
Imagine the sales figures are 2000, 4000, 5000, 3000. ARRAYRANK on this dataset will return 1, 4, 2, 3. Using these numbers, we can easily extract the sales figures in ranked order. But what we really want is the sequence 4, 2, 1, 3. This sequence tells us that salesperson one had the 4th highest sales, salesperson two had the 2nd highest sales, salesperson three had the highest sales, and salesperson four had the 3rd highest sales. This allows us to directly extract the commission percentage. To convert the rankings of sales back to the rankings of the salespersons, we only have to sort the sales rankings. That is what the equation for salesperson ranks does.
Since we also want the highest, rather than the lowest, sales figure to be ranked one, we do the sort in descending order. Instead of using ARRAYIDX() for the desired rank, this equation uses DIMSIZE() – ARRAYIDX() + 1, which reverses the rankings. While ARRAYIDX() counts from one to DIMSIZE() as the array index increases, DIMSIZE() – ARRAYIDX() + 1 counts down from DIMSIZE() to one, reversing the ranks.
Finally, the commission is directly extracted from a table of commissions (stored in an array) using ARRAYVALUE and the salesperson rank. Note that the array commissions has as many entries as there are salespersons, starts with the highest commission (0.20), and ends with the lowest (0.05). | {
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"30 years designing, building, And supplying modular & soft play environments!"
Enterprises: 325 665 7274 Today!
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Participatory playground equipment for children's indoor and outdoor amusement areas. | {
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} |
Discussion in 'Programming' started by martinig, Dec 13, 2006.
A recent poll wanted to know if programming standards are still in use in development organisations... and if they are controlled. The question was: does your organisation implement programming/coding standards?
A majority of the participating organisations have coding standards... and a majority does not control them ;o) What is the situation at your location? Does this lack of control really hurt?
As a freelance contract developer, I often switch between companies and projects. I favor programming standards but often found that they are difficult to implement/control. I hope that having a broader knowledge of what is happening in other organizations and what other people think about it will help me to persuade my fellow developers . | {
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You will need to establish that sufficient ownership of land (or rights over land owned by others) exists to enable your scheme to proceed and to subsequently operate and manage it. Land may be subject to restrictions on development or use.
Examples of such restrictions include covenants in title documents for the land (enforceable terms between parties) restricting development or use. There may be rights of way across the land. Engage professional advisors who will be able to look into and advise you further as to whether or not such considerations apply to the land relevant to your scheme. | {
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Mauritius reports first coronavirus death as cases rise
There were just three confirmed cases in Mauritius on Thursday when Prime Minister Pravind Jugnauth appealed to the country's 1.3 million citizens to obey the order.
Mauritius flag. Picture: CC Zscout370.
AFP | 668 days ago
PORT LOUIS - Mauritius has recorded its first death from coronavirus, the health minister said Saturday, just the third in sub-Saharan Africa, as the archipelago nation imposed a lockdown to contain the outbreak.
"There have been 14 confirmed cases so far, one of which died on Thursday evening," Health Minister Kailesh Jagutpal said, without providing details about the deceased patient.
Mauritius, some 1,800 kilometres off the eastern coast of Africa, went into lockdown Friday, with the country's citizens told to stay indoors for 14 days.
"I ask the people of Mauritius to stay inside their home," he said in a televised evening address to the nation.
Flights into the Indian Ocean nation of four volcanic islands had already been severely curtailed to curb the spread of the virus, with passengers from the EU -- a major market for tourists -- among those barred.
Mauritius has evolved from a poor, agriculture-based economy to a relatively wealthy financial services hub and tourist beacon that prides itself as a stable democracy in a sometimes volatile neighbourhood.
Just two other deaths from coronavirus have been recorded in sub-Saharan Africa: one in Burkina Faso and the second in Gabon.
The total of known cases across all of Africa, compiled by AFP, stands at more than 900 and is rising fast after lagging other continents. | {
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We are currently seeking Chefs for a unique resort located at the gateway to the World Heritage-listed Uluru – Kata Tjuta National Park.
Our ideal candidates have experience cooking varying style of cuisines, holds a commercial cookery qualification and is highly motivated & committed with great communication skills. You have a true passion for all things food and are comfortable working in high volume environments. If you have energy, drive and passion than we want to hear from you! | {
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Q: How do I format two different forms in the same stylesheet? Looks simple but I'm losing my head.
I want to format two different forms independently. Here is the example.
<h1>FORM 1</h1>
<form>
<input type="text" name="name" placeholder="Name" required>
<input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Email" required>
<input type="password" name="password" placeholder="Password" required>
<input type="submit" value="Register"/>
</form>
<br>
<h1>FORM 2</h1>
<form id="form2">
<input type="text" name="name" placeholder="Name" required>
<input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Email" required>
<input type="password" name="password" placeholder="Password" required>
<input type="submit" value="Register"/>
</form>
/* Form 1 style */
input[type="text"],
input[type="password"],
input[type="email"],
select{
display:block;
width: 100%;
margin-top: 2px;
margin-bottom: 2px;
}
/* Form 2 style? */
input[type="text"],
input[type="password"],
input[type="email"],
select{
display:block;
width: 50%;
margin-top: 1px;
margin-bottom: 1px;
}
https://jsfiddle.net/dtpoze0c/
I really appreciate any help.
A:
/* Form 1 style */
.form1 input[type="text"],
.form1 input[type="password"],
.form1 input[type="email"],
.form1 select{
display:block;
width: 100%;
margin-top: 2px;
margin-bottom: 2px;
}
/* Form 2 style? */
.form2 input[type="text"],
.form2 input[type="password"],
.form2 input[type="email"],
.form2 select{
display:block;
width: 50%;
margin-top: 1px;
margin-bottom: 1px;
}
<h1>FORM 1</h1>
<form class="form1">
<input type="text" name="name" placeholder="Name" required>
<input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Email" required>
<input type="password" name="password" placeholder="Password" required>
<input type="submit" value="Register"/>
</form>
<br>
<h1>FORM 2</h1>
<form class="form2" id="form2">
<input type="text" name="name" placeholder="Name" required>
<input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Email" required>
<input type="password" name="password" placeholder="Password" required>
<input type="submit" value="Register"/>
</form>
A: You can simply use the class or id CSS selector, so add an id like you did on the second to the first one: <form id="form1">
And then use it to create your style:
/* This will only affect the form with the form1 id */
#form1 input[type="text"],
#form1 input[type="password"],
#form1 input[type="email"],
#form1 select {
display: block;
width: 100%;
margin-top: 2px;
margin-bottom: 2px;
}
You can see some doc about id here: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/ID_selectors
| {
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Conservative government doubles maximum penalty to 10 years jail for masked rioters
The Conservative government has moved to double the maximum penalty proposed for rioting while wearing a mask or concealing your identity to 10 years.
By Tonda MacCharlesOttawa Bureau
Thu., May 10, 2012timer3 min. read
OTTAWA—The Conservative government has moved to double the maximum penalty proposed for rioting while wearing a mask or concealing your identity to 10 years.
In what appears to be an admission that a private member's bill can create two different penalties in law for the same activity, the government introduced at a committee new wording that mirrors an existing provision in the Criminal Code.
A 10-year maximum jail term would apply in the case of a "riot," but in the case of an "unlawful assembly" the maximum penalty would be five years in jail, said Robert Goguen, parliamentary secretary for Justice. Goguen said in an interview that with the amendment, the bill now recognizes "one incident is far more serious than the other."
The bill does not define riot, nor is it defined in the Criminal Code, but Goguen said that it is defined in case law — in other words, by past decisions of courts.
Goguen said the amendment was necessary because s. 351 of the Criminal Code already makes it an offence to intend to commit a crime with one's face "masked," "coloured" or "disguised" and provides for a maximum 10-year jail term.
More significant, perhaps, the existing prohibition in the Criminal Code is a "specific intent" offence that is more difficult to prove, while the bill creates a "general intent" offence which would be easier to prove in court, and a better tool for police, said Goguen.
"The whole idea of this bill is to give them additional arrest powers."
He dismissed Opposition concerns that the bill goes overboard: "This is not a police state."
Officers at a riot are generally outnumbered, but "the most highly trained police" are the ones who manage crowds; they communicate with protestors to signal when an assembly has been declared a riot; and they "will use the proper discretion" in arresting those who are "doing the criminal offences, throwing the Molotov cocktails, smashing windows or looting."
"They're not going to get the person who's just standing there who's wearing a mask and is doing nothing. Why would they waste their time or resources to arrest people who are just sitting there who are trying to express a lawful opinion? It doesn't work that way," Goguen said.
He said that if the police make a mistake, Crown attorneys will exercise proper discretion, and if the Crown is "off-base, there's the courts."
NDP justice critic Francoise Boivin said in an interview the bill risks curtailing the rights of lawful protestors who unwittingly find themselves caught up in a demonstration that gets derailed into an unlawful assembly or riot by troublemakers.
The committee heard police officers and Conservatives opine that they hoped it will deter people from going to gatherings wearing any type of mask — which Boivin said is their right under Charter guarantees of free expression.
"A criminal infraction should always be aimed at the guilty, at people who commit crimes, not at innocent people who want to go and express themselves," said Boivin. "Otherwise just throw the damn Charter of Rights down the drain."
The NDP and Liberals said the bill was unnecessary given the existing law. An NDP amendment to reflect that was defeated.
"This is nothing more than overkill," Liberal MP Judy Sgro told the committee.
The one-page private member's bill sponsored by Conservative Blake Richards (Wild Rose) passed clause-by-clause reading and now heads back to the House of Commons for third reading.
This week, Justice Minister Rob Nicholson offered the government's support for Richards' bill. But on Tuesday, Nicholson was unable to explain how its provisions would apply in the case of a demonstrator who protests in front of the Syrian embassy and doesn't want their identity known to a regime that has launched retaliations against its critics.
He dodged the direct question, saying "the courts have interpreted and have dealt with the whole question on lawful assembly and rioting and, again, it's very clear. This is an addition, a stand-alone provision that'll deal with people who are participating in that kind of activity and concealing their identity."
Pressed further, the justice minister's advice was blunt: "Don't participate in riots. That's against the law in this country and, again, if you are concealing your identity without lawful excuse, then there will be a separate offence in the Criminal Code for that there." | {
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As part of Golden Jubilee Celebrations of Sri Sathya Sai Loka Seva Trust, ground breaking ceremony of new PU college building will be held at Alike, on 21st March, 2015 at 9:30 am. Bhagawan Sir Sathya Sai Baba in his subtle form will preside over this event.
Sri. Indulal Shah (Trustee, Sri Sathya Sai Central Trust, Prashanthi Nilayam) will be the chief guest for this ceremony.
Bhagawan Sri Sathya Sai Baba has called for all the alumni of Alike and Muddenahalli to be present in Alike on 21 March, 2015 for the ground breaking ceremony. | {
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} |
CUDC leadership workshops. Lucy Cavendish College. University of Cambridge. 22nd April 2019.
BBC Radio 3 'Free Thinking' festival. A recording of a live broadcast from Gateshead on 23rd April 2019. 22.00. 'Does my pet love me?
Follow the link to hear the programme https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0004dr9 Two animal psychologists and a historian of animal studies join Eleanor Rosamund Barraclought to discuss whether it's possible to recognise similar traits in humans, chimps, crows, hawks, dogs and cats in terms … Continue reading →
Nicky Clayton at BBC Radio 3 Free Thinking at Gateshead…
in conversation on BBC Radio 3's 'Breakfast' show https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006tmr6 and on BBC Radio 3 10-11pm on April 23rd 2019
Posted in BBC Radio 3, CHINA UK DEVELOPMENT CENTRE, Clive Wilkins, Nicky Clayton, Prof. Nicky Clayton, The Captured Thought, University of Cambridge, Uppingham | Tagged BBC Radio 3, Clare College Cambridge, Nicky Clayton, Tresham College | Leave a comment
Nicky and Clive present 'The Captured Thought' at the University of Vienna's inaugural CogSciHub celebration. The Psychology of Cognitive Illusions~ why the mind is tricked
Follow the link to discover more https://cognitivescience.univie.ac.at See opening symposium Vienna CogSciHub Prof. Helmut Lieder with Clive and Nicky and the bouquet they were presented after their Captured Thought Lecture. The famous Klimt ceiling in the University of Vienna | {
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} |
Pretty Girls
by Karin SlaughterKarin Slaughter
Lee Child says it's "stunning… certain to be a book of the year."
Kathy Reichs calls it "extraordinary… a major achievement."
Jeffery Deaver says that "fiction doesn't get any better than this."
Gillian Flynn says of Karin Slaughter: "I'd follow her anywhere."
See for yourself what these #1 New York Times-bestselling authors are talking about.
Sisters. Strangers. Survivors.
More than twenty years ago, Claire and Lydia's teenaged sister Julia vanished without a trace. The two women have not spoken since, and now their lives could not be more different. Claire is the glamorous trophy wife of an Atlanta millionaire. Lydia, a single mother, dates an ex-con and struggles to make ends meet. But neither has recovered from the horror and heartbreak of their shared loss—a devastating wound that's cruelly ripped open when Claire's husband is killed.
The disappearance of a teenage girl and the murder of a middle-aged man, almost a quarter-century apart: what could connect them? Forming a wary truce, the surviving sisters look to the past to find the truth, unearthing the secrets that destroyed their family all those years ago . . . and uncovering the possibility of redemption, and revenge, where they least expect it.
Powerful, poignant, and utterly gripping, packed with indelible characters and unforgettable twists, Pretty Girls is a masterful novel from one of the finest writers working today.
Karin Slaughter is one of the world's most popular and acclaimed storytellers. Published in 120 countries with more than 35 million copies sold across the globe, her nineteen novels include the Grant County and Will Trent books, as well as the Edgar-nominated Cop Town and the instant New York Times bestselling novels Pretty Girls, The Good Daughter, and Pieces of Her. Slaughter is the founder of the Save the Libraries project—a nonprofit organization established to support libraries and library programming. A native of Georgia, she lives in Atlanta. Her novels Pieces of Her, The Good Daughter, and Cop Town are in development for film and television.
Pretty Girls - Book Trailer
…a hell-raising thriller that departs from [Slaughter's] previous soft-boiled investigative procedurals…[Pretty Girls is] a genuinely exciting narrative driven by strong-willed female characters who can't wait around until the boys shake the lead out of their shoes.
The New York Times Book Review - Marilyn Stasio
Claire Scott, the heroine of this gripping standalone from bestseller Slaughter (Cop Town), thought she knew everything about her architect husband, Paul, but her posh Atlanta life is turned upside down when he's fatally stabbed in an alley and she uncovers a series of nasty videos on his home computer. Paul's dark side is what drove a wedge between Claire and her sister Lydia 18 years earlier, when Lydia accused Paul of attempted rape. At the time, Claire sided with Paul, and the sisters stopped speaking. The family was already splintered following the 1991 disappearance of Claire and Lydia's older sister, 19-year-old Julia, who vanished near her University of Georgia dorm. Paul's death brings Claire and Lydia back together as they begin peeling back the layers of everything that the meticulously organized Paul kept hidden. Chapters from the girls' father's journal, written to the missing Julia, form a poignant counterpoint to the chilling violence of this unsettling tale. Agent: Victoria Sanders, Victoria Sanders & Associates. (Sept.)
Searing, searching, soulful: a major achievement.
Kathy Reichs
Breathtaking…. Fiction doesn't get any better than this.
A hell-raising thriller…a genuinely exciting narrative driven by strong-willed female characters who can't wait around until the boys shake the lead out of their shoes.
New York Times Book Review
The author's trademark of complex plots coupled with character studies makes Pretty Girls another standout.
Associated Press Staff
Stunning family.... Certain to be a book of the year.
Slaughter's eye for detail and truth is unmatched. . . . I'd follow her anywhere.
One of the boldest thriller writers working today.
Her characters, plot, and pacing are unrivaled among thriller writers.
Lisa Ko
★ 08/01/2015
After Claire Scott's millionaire husband of almost 20 years is killed by a mugger, she's devastated. Paul was her rock, and the happiness she felt with him was unlike anything she'd ever known. When an attempted burglary during the funeral brings cops and an FBI agent to their house, Claire discovers Paul may have been hiding something. As events escalate, she calls on Lydia, her estranged sister (whose life as a struggling single mom is worlds away from Claire's privileged one), for help. Soon they uncover evidence that could solve the mystery of the recent disappearance of a young girl, and may also hold the key to their own sister Julia's disappearance 20 years ago. VERDICT Slaughter's (Cop Town) stand-alone novel packs a heck of a wallop, and while it's a powerful thriller, it's also a deft look into a family forced to confront horrific tragedy. Slaughter's longtime fans will be thrilled. New readers will be hooked on this twisted tale from page one.—Kristin Centorcelli, Denton, TX
★ 2015-07-01
Twenty-four years after a traumatic disappearance tore a Georgia family apart, Slaughter's scorching stand-alone picks them up and shreds them all over again. The Carrolls have never been the same since 19-year-old Julia vanished. After years of fruitlessly pestering the police, her veterinarian father, Sam, killed himself; her librarian mother, Helen, still keeps the girl's bedroom untouched, just in case. Julia's sisters have been equally scarred. Lydia Delgado has sold herself for drugs countless times, though she's been clean for years now; Claire Scott has just been paroled after knee-capping her tennis partner for a thoughtless remark. The evening that Claire's ankle bracelet comes off, her architect husband, Paul, is callously murdered before her eyes and, without a moment's letup, she stumbles on a mountainous cache of snuff porn. Paul's business partner, Adam Quinn, demands information from Claire and threatens her with dire consequences if she doesn't deliver. The Dunwoody police prove as ineffectual as ever. FBI agent Fred Nolan is more suavely menacing than helpful. So Lydia and Claire, who've grown so far apart that they're virtual strangers, are unwillingly thrown back on each other for help. Once she's plunged you into this maelstrom, Slaughter shreds your own nerves along with those of the sisters, not simply by a parade of gruesome revelations—though she supplies them in abundance—but by peeling back layer after layer from beloved family members Claire and Lydia thought they knew. The results are harrowing. Slaughter (Cop Town, 2014, etc.) is so uncompromising in following her blood trails to the darkest places imaginable that she makes most of her high-wire competition look pallid, formulaic, or just plain fake.
Pretty Girls 4.3 out of 5 based on 0 ratings. 198 reviews.
I love Karin Slaughter and am a big fsn of all.her books. Although I am a little bummed that she did not go back to Sara Linton and Will Trent, this book was like so many of her others- just impossible to stop reading until it was finished. Im hopiing that.she can get back to her characters that readers can follow along book after book, but between this and Coptown, it seems like she may be into writing stand alone books for a phase. Regardless, I enjoyed this book very much. As always the characters and plot were well developed.. For the most part it was a good read. The ending lacked a.little for me- it may have seemed a little far fetched but still a good read.
One of Ms Slaughter's best books. Stayed up all night. Couldn't put it down.
Karin Slaughter at her best. Not for the easily offended or faint of heart. Fantastically paced with characters we care about.
Fast paced and exciting. Couldn't put it down. Was totally shocked how things turned out considering how the story opened. I definitely recommend this book.
Have to say, i've sort of become bored with some of her latest books. This one however, jumps outside the box. Gripping, alarming, but the father's journal entries soften a very harsh story. A perfect balance of horrific and touching. A must read.
I could not put this book down! It was riveting, reminiscent of James Patterson "Swimsuit", though that book of his was true. Well worth reading!
I love all Karin Slaughter books I have read and I am pretty sure I have read most of them. Her Will Trent series are one of my favorite series. All said this book was too Graphic for Me to give it a higher score. Which is sad because it had an interesting story line. I an sad also that I paid over 12 bucks for a book I could not love.
I found the book disturbing and violent to women. I was glad the sisters took control of their lives.
A must read!!!! Excellent Book!!!
Loved it, couldn't put it down. It is graphic but that is what made it so good you could picture it your head the whole time-scary! I think this one would make a great movie!
Intense. Mysterious. Dangerous. Visceral. This one kept me on my toes. The graphic details will stay with me for some time. The writing was purposeful and moved quickly. If you like reading about the triumph of good over evil, then pick this one up. It will grab you from start to finish.
I am always in for a good mystery but this book was too graphic even for me. It was also woven together by the father's journals which only served to try and bring an emotional point of view to the story, but seemed rather out of pace with the narritive.
This was an excellent book. Couldn't put it down. It is quite graphic and if you don't want to read about murder, abduction, and rape then this book isn't for you. Lots of twists and turns.
The plot is gripping and keeps you at the edge of your seat. At the beginning I wanted to give the book 5 stars but it is too graphic in depicting violence against women and I could not help but having a sense of dread .
Gripping writing!!! Couldn't put it down!!
This, I'll tell you About it. Karin Slaughter is one of the best American mystery writers out there. She develops her characters better than most of them. She knows how to make you (me?) care about their lives. She doesn't load the reader with plot details all at once. Her plots are interesting, gripping. This is really good, and I like her use of Sam's diary to fill in gaps, and give the reader a breather
Y_G_Rollands More than 1 year ago
I just want to say I am terrified of walking alone at night after reading this book. The first night after reading more into the plot I kept having vivid nightmares related to book. I am just awed...
I usually don't write reviews but can not resist on this one! I could not put this book down! I would be reading well into the early morning hours and simply didn't care! "Pretty Girls" certainly took over my life! My heart was racing the entire time! I have already suggested it to several friends! A must read! Absolutely worth 5 stars!
This was a great read! I did basically did nothing for two until I finished it! It is a little graphic or brutal, so if you are easily repulsed by sexual deviation then you may want to pass. Cant wait for her next book to be out whether it is a stand alone thriller or something from her series
I loved this book! Karin Slaughter has the unique ability to bring the characters to life. You can feel their emotions, pain and heart pounding excitement. The suspense-filled pages make it extremely difficult to put down. Can't wait for her next book! Hopefully, Will Trent will be in it!
Disturbing but unable to stop reading. It was a page turner and although fictional it really showed me that people are capable of hiding there truest nature behind closed doors.
As always, Ms Slaughter keeps me reading well into the wee hours of the night. The level of violence in this book is only superseded by the level of psychopathology. This is a difficult read for those that have experienced violence and loss but although the story is fictional, we need to be reminded to be fully present in the lives of those we love. People can be torn from the fabric of our lives without warning and we are left to find a way to go on.
Good read that wants you to find out more..you keep reading and an event happens, then all pieces fall in place. The subject matter is unthinkable but the story makes you want to see the ending, quickly! It had me guessing, searching and surprised at every page I turned.
TO BE VERY HONEST I HAD A HARD TIME GETTING INTO THIS BOOK. BUT ABOUT PAGE 54 IT GOT SOOOOOOOOO GOOD I COULD NOT PUT IT DOWN. IT TAKES TIME TO GET INTO BUT WE'LL WORTH IT.
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2016 thriller award nominees books
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The debut novel from award-winning author Lori Ostlund—"smart, resonant, and imbued with beauty" (Publishers Weekly) ...
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All That I Am
Award-winning author Anna Funder delivers an affecting and beautifully evocative debut novel about a group ...
Award-winning author Anna Funder delivers an affecting and beautifully evocative debut novel about a group of young German exiles who risk their lives to awaken the world to the terrifying threat of Hitler and Nazi Germany. Based on real-life events ...
The most critically acclaimed, and first, of Denis Johnson's novels, Angels puts Jamie Mays — ...
The most critically acclaimed, and first, of Denis Johnson's novels, Angels puts Jamie Mays — a runaway wife toting along two kids — and Bill Houston — ex-Navy man, ex-husband, ex-con — on a Greyhound Bus for a dark, wild ...
Bone Gap
National Book Award Finalist"Ruby's novel deserves to be read and reread. It is powerful, beautiful, ...
National Book Award Finalist"Ruby's novel deserves to be read and reread. It is powerful, beautiful, extraordinary."—School Library JournalEveryone knows Bone Gap is full of gaps.So when young, beautiful Roza went missing, the people of Bone Gap weren't surprised. But Finn ...
A Conspiracy of Kings (The Queen's Thief Series
Discover the world of the Queen's ThiefNew York Times-bestselling author Megan Whalen Turner's entrancing and ...
Discover the world of the Queen's ThiefNew York Times-bestselling author Megan Whalen Turner's entrancing and award-winning Queen's Thief novels bring to life the world of the epics and feature one of the most charismatic and incorrigible characters of fiction, Eugenides ...
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In Girl Trouble, acclaimed writer Holly Goddard Jones examines small-town Southerners aching to be good, even as they live in doubt about what goodness is.A high school basketball coach learns that his star player is pregnant--with his child. A lonely ...
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"A real player in the game of forensic sleuthing." —Kathy Reichs, author of Spider Bones "Forensic ...
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Welcome to Harmony ...In this acclaimed inaugural volume in the Harmony series, master American storyteller Philip Gulley draws us into the charming world of minister Sam Gardner in his first year back in his hometown, capturing the essence of small-town ... | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Alton Miller's brand new album. Feats 8 cuts from the CD including Ever Wonder feat Abacus, Beautiful, the title track feat Amp Fiddler and more. Guests including Lotus, Angel-A, Abacus, Osunlade, Atjazz and more. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
"""
config_test.py
--------------
Test local config files.
"""
import os
import decu
from decu import __main__ as main
def test_config_file_in_place():
"""`decu.cfg` should be in the right place."""
from decu.config import config_filename
assert config_filename in os.listdir('../decu/')
def test_local_override(tmpdir):
"""A local config file should override the default options."""
config_filename = 'decu.cfg'
new_opt = '${time}.log'
config = '[logging]\nlog_file = {}'.format(new_opt)
main.init(str(tmpdir))
with tmpdir.join(config_filename).open('w+') as file:
file.write(config)
script = 'import decu\nprint(decu.config["logging"]["log_file"])'
script_file = tmpdir.join(decu.config['Script']['scripts_dir']).join(
'script.py')
with script_file.open('w+') as file:
file.write(script)
from subprocess import check_output
curdir = os.getcwd()
os.chdir(str(tmpdir))
output = check_output(['python', str(script_file)])
assert output.decode().strip() == new_opt
os.chdir(curdir)
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
Die Tragfläche, auch Tragflügel, Flügel oder unter einem Bootsrumpf montiert Hydrofoil, ist ein Bauteil eines Fahrzeugs, dessen Hauptaufgabe in der Erzeugung von dynamischem Auftrieb besteht. Die Funktion des Tragflügels besteht darin, durch Beeinflussung der Umströmung eine ausreichend große Kraft senkrecht zur Anströmrichtung zu erzeugen. Diese Kraft ist der Auftrieb, der ein Flugzeug in der Luft hält, oder ein Tragflächenboot (oder Segelboot, Surfboard, Wakeboard oder Kiteboard) aus dem Wasser hebt.
An Flugzeugen sind Tragflächen meist mit Klappen ausgestattet, mit denen die Fluglage, der Auftrieb oder der Luftwiderstand beeinflusst werden kann. Bei großen Flugzeugen hängen zumeist Triebwerke daran, zudem befinden sich die Treibstofftanks in den Tragflächen. Der Abstand zwischen linker und rechter Tragflächenspitze wird als Spannweite bezeichnet.
Funktionsprinzip
Erzeugen von dynamischem Auftrieb
Voraussetzung für die Erzeugung von Auftrieb durch Tragflächen ist die Bewegung in einem geeigneten Fluid (wie zum Beispiel Luft oder Wasser), das die Eigenschaften Masse, Viskosität und zumindest in gewissem Umfang Inkompressibilität aufweist.
Tragflächen mit geeignetem Profil und Anstellwinkel lenken das anströmende Fluid um (downwash); dadurch wird eine senkrecht zur Anströmung wirkende Kraft erzeugt. Durch die Umlenkung wird dem Fluid ein Impuls übertragen. Nach dem ersten Newtonschen Gesetz erfordert diese Richtungsänderung der Strömung nach unten eine stetig wirkende Kraft. Nach dem dritten Newtonschen Gesetz (Actio und reactio) wirkt dabei eine gleiche und entgegengesetzte Kraft, der Auftrieb, auf die Tragfläche.
Parameter der Auftriebskraft
Die Masse der abgelenkten Luft pro Zeitspanne ist abhängig von ihrer Dichte, von der Größe (Fläche) der Tragflächen und von der Fluggeschwindigkeit: je schneller das Flugzeug fliegt, umso mehr Luft wird in derselben Zeit abgelenkt. Die Beschleunigung der abgelenkten Luftmasse ist abhängig von der Fluggeschwindigkeit und vom Anstellwinkel der Tragfläche.
Bei konstanter Luftdichte, Tragflächengröße und gleichbleibendem Anstellwinkel ist die Auftriebskraft proportional zum Quadrat der Fluggeschwindigkeit: Sowohl die abgelenkte Luftmasse pro Zeitspanne als auch deren vertikale Beschleunigung wachsen proportional mit der Fluggeschwindigkeit. Bei doppelter Fluggeschwindigkeit und ansonsten gleicher Anströmung der Luft verdoppelt sich sowohl die nach unten beschleunigte Luftmenge als auch ihre Geschwindigkeit. Das bedeutet, der Auftrieb vervierfacht sich.
Da aber die Ablenkungsgeschwindigkeit in die dafür benötigte Antriebsleistung quadratisch eingeht, ist die für die Auftriebserzeugung benötigte Leistung umgekehrt proportional zur Fluggeschwindigkeit sowie zur Größe der Tragflächen. Das bedeutet, je höher die Fluggeschwindigkeit oder je größer die Tragflächen, desto geringer die für den Auftrieb benötigte Antriebsleistung. (Diese ist jedoch kleiner als die gesamte für den Flug benötigte Antriebsleistung, siehe unten).
Strömungswiderstand
Der oben beschriebene Wirkmechanismus ist Teil des induzierten Luftwiderstandes: er entzieht dem Auftrieb liefernden Strömungssystem die dafür benötigte Energie in Form von Strömungswiderstand. Dieser Teil des induzierten Luftwiderstands lässt sich prinzipiell nicht beseitigen, da er physikalisch dem Energie- und Impulserhaltungssatz Rechnung trägt.
Eine weitere Form des induzierten Luftwiderstands wird durch Randwirbel an den Tragflächenenden verursacht: Hier entsteht ein Druckausgleich zwischen Überdruck unter dem Flügel und Unterdruck über dem Flügel. So entsteht an jeder Tragflächenspitze ein Randwirbel um die Längsachse des Flugzeugs, dessen kinetische Energie dem Auftrieb erzeugenden Strömungssystem entzogen wird und so ungenutzt verloren geht. Die Randwirbel lassen sich durch eine hohe Streckung (= Verhältnis der Spannweite zur mittleren Flügeltiefe) verringern, aber bei endlichen Tragflügeln prinzipiell nicht völlig ausschalten. Auch die Winglets an den Tragflächenenden moderner Flugzeuge dienen der Verringerung dieser Widerstandsform, indem sie den Druckausgleich quer zur Flugrichtung (und damit die Wirbelbildung) teilweise unterbinden. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass die Gesamtwirbelstärke der Randwirbel auch durch Winglets wegen des Helmholzschen Wirbelsatzes nicht beeinflusst werden kann. Eine Verminderung der Wirbelstärke würde nach dem Satz von Kutta-Joukowski auch eine Verringerung des Gesamtauftriebes des Flugzeuges bedeuten. Winglets können jedoch durch geschickte Verlagerung der Wirbel einen positiven Einfluss auf die Auftriebsverteilung haben und so den induzierten Luftwiderstand senken. Weiterhin ist es möglich, durch Winglets die Flugeigenschaften im unteren Geschwindigkeitsbereich positiv zu beeinflussen.
Neben dem induzierten Luftwiderstand erhöhen weitere Formen von Strömungswiderstand den Leistungsbedarf eines Flugzeugs:
Der Reibungswiderstand an der Oberfläche der Tragfläche bremst das Flugzeug, indem er in der Grenzschicht Bewegungsenergie in Wärmeenergie wandelt. Der Reibungswiderstand (oder Schubspannungswiderstand) ist davon abhängig, ob die anliegende Strömung laminar oder turbulent ist. Er kann durch eine hohe Oberflächengüte (Glätte) gemindert werden, wodurch die Strömung so laminar als möglich gehalten wird, der Reibungswiderstand kann aber nicht völlig ausgeschaltet werden. Auch Riblets können den Reibungswiderstand verringern.
Der Form- oder Druckwiderstand kommt dadurch zustande, dass der Druck auf der Vorder- und Rückseite eines umströmten Körpers unterschiedlich ist. Wo die Strömung in Turbulenz umschlägt – generell an der Hinterkante der Tragfläche, aber z. B. auch an den Kanten von Landeklappen und Querrudern etc. –, entsteht ein bremsender Sog, der dem Querschnitt des Strömungsabrisses entspricht. Der Formwiderstand kann durch eine sinnvolle Wahl und sorgfältige Ausformung des Tragflächenprofils minimiert werden.
Der Wellenwiderstand schließlich kommt im Überschallflug zum Tragen: hier induziert der überschallschnelle Aufprall der Luftteilchen auf die Vorderseite des Flugzeugs eine sich kegelförmig ausbreitende Stoßwelle (Machscher Kegel), die am Boden als Überschallknall wahrnehmbar ist.
Der Strömungswiderstand (und damit der Leistungsbedarf zu dessen Überwindung) steigt mit dem Quadrat der Fluggeschwindigkeit. Zusammen mit dem zur Fluggeschwindigkeit umgekehrt proportionalen Leistungsbedarf für die Auftriebserzeugung ergibt sich konstruktionsabhängig für jedes Flugzeug eine bestimmte Geschwindigkeit, bei der – auf die Flugzeit bezogen – der Energiebedarf für den Horizontalflug am geringsten ist. Auf die Flugstrecke bezogen liegt das Minimum des Energieverbrauchs jedoch bei einer deutlich höheren Geschwindigkeit, da das Flugzeug dann für dieselbe Strecke weniger lange in der Luft gehalten werden muss. Die Geschwindigkeit mit dem geringsten Energieverbrauch pro Strecke nennt man Reisegeschwindigkeit.
Strömungsabriss
Der zur Auftriebserzeugung erforderliche Anstellwinkel steigt bei niedrigen Geschwindigkeiten: Da bei höherer Geschwindigkeit im selben Zeitraum mehr Luftmasse abgelenkt wird und der Betrag der vertikalen Beschleunigung ebenfalls steigt, genügt ein geringerer Ablenkungswinkel zur Erzeugung desselben Auftriebs. Umgekehrt muss der Anstellwinkel umso mehr erhöht werden, je langsamer das Flugzeug fliegt.
Der Coandă-Effekt kann an der Oberseite der Tragfläche nur bis zu einem bestimmten, von Profilform, Oberflächenqualität und Reynolds-Zahl abhängigen Anstellwinkel ein Anliegen der Strömung gewährleisten, welches in der Regel um 15–20° liegt. Jenseits dieses Anstellwinkels reißt die Strömung von der Oberfläche ab. Dies bewirkt eine drastische Erhöhung des Formwiderstands, gleichzeitig bricht der größere Teil des Auftriebs zusammen, da das Profil in diesem Strömungszustand den Luftstrom an der Oberseite der Tragfläche nicht mehr effektiv ablenken kann, sondern im Wesentlichen nur noch verwirbelt. Die Fluggeschwindigkeit, bei der aufgrund des gestiegenen Anstellwinkels die Strömung abreißt, nennt man Überziehgeschwindigkeit oder Stallspeed; der dabei entstehende Flugzustand, in dem das Flugzeug durchsackt und nur noch sehr eingeschränkt steuerbar ist, ist der (englisch) Stall. Die Überziehgeschwindigkeit ist somit die niedrigste Geschwindigkeit, bei der sich ein Flugzeug gerade noch in der Luft halten kann; sie ist konstruktionsabhängig und reicht in der Praxis von ca. 20 km/h (Gleitschirm) bis zu ca. 300 km/h (schnelle Strahlflugzeuge ohne aktivierte Landehilfen).
Die Überziehgeschwindigkeit ist bei einem Flugzeug vom Gewicht und vom Lastvielfachen abhängig, d. h. von der zusätzlichen Beschleunigung, die beispielsweise in Kurvenflug entsteht. Außerdem steigt die Überziehgeschwindigkeit (true air speed) bei kleinerer Luftdichte. Die angezeigte Geschwindigkeit (indicated air speed) ist jedoch dabei dieselbe, da die mechanischen Instrumente auch von der Luftdichte in gleichem Maße beeinflusst werden.
Profil
Als Profil bezeichnet man den Tragflächenquerschnitt in Strömungsrichtung. Die Form des Profils dient einerseits dazu, möglichst viel Auftrieb bei möglichst wenig Strömungswiderstand zu erreichen, und andererseits dazu, einen möglichst großen Anstellwinkel-Bereich ohne Strömungsabriss zu ermöglichen. Je nach Konstruktion (Einsatzzweck, Geschwindigkeitsbereich, Flächenbelastung) werden dazu unterschiedliche Profile verwendet.
Tragflächengrundriss
In der Frühzeit der Fliegerei waren die Tragflächengrundrisse in ihrer Form dem Vogelflügel nachempfunden, da zunächst das gewölbte Profil von Bedeutung war. Zum Tragflächenprofil haben vor allem Otto Lilienthal (Wölbung) und Hugo Junkers (Profildicke) entscheidende Beiträge geleistet. Heutige Tragflächen haben eine Vielzahl verschiedener Formen. In der Regel sind sie lang gestreckt und verjüngen sich im Außenbereich (Zuspitzung), um eine bessere Auftriebsverteilung und somit einen geringeren induzierten Luftwiderstand zu erreichen.
Bei moderneren Verkehrsflugzeugen gehen sie in so genannte Winglets über. Durch den geringeren Luftdruck auf der Oberseite der Tragflächen strömt die Luft an deren Spitzen von unten nach oben. So entstehen Luftwirbel, die sich unter anderem in den gefürchteten Wirbelschleppen fortsetzen. Die Winglets verbessern die Verteilung der Randwirbel, reduzieren so den Energieverlust, den die Wirbelschleppen mit sich bringen, und machen so das Flugzeug sparsamer im Verbrauch. Anders als oft angenommen, kann die Stärke der Wirbel bei konstanter Geschwindigkeit nicht geändert werden, da sie direkt mit der Entstehung von Auftrieb verbunden ist. Die Winglets können nur die Auftriebsverteilung und damit die Geometrie der Wirbel vergünstigen.
Überschallflugzeuge haben oft Deltaflügel, deren Vorderkanten in der Regel gerade verlaufen, im Extremfall aber auch mehrfach gekrümmt sein können, wie z. B. bei der "Ogival"-Tragfläche der Concorde. Deltaflügel sind den beim überschallschnellen Flug auftretenden Effekten besser angepasst als der sonst üblicherweise eingesetzte Trapezflügel.
Beim Flug mit Überschallgeschwindigkeit treten Verdichtungsstöße auf. Dies sind Bereiche, in denen der Druck des umgebenden Fluids, also der Luft, sprunghaft ansteigt. Einige dieser Stöße breiten sich in einer Form um das Flugzeug aus, der die Pfeilung des Flügels angepasst ist. (Je höher die gewünschte Fluggeschwindigkeit, umso stärker muss der Flügel gepfeilt sein.)
Beim Flug mit Überschallgeschwindigkeit tritt ein (schräger) Stoß an der Vorderkante auf. Beim Flug mit Transschallgeschwindigkeit tritt ein (senkrechter) Stoß auf der Flügeloberseite auf, hinter dem die Geschwindigkeit der Luftströmung plötzlich in den Unterschall fällt, was eine Umkehrung einiger strömungmechanischer Effekte zur Folge hat. Kombiniert man also durch eine falsche Flügelkonfiguration diese unterschiedlichen Effekte auf einem Flügel, können sich diese gegenseitig eliminieren.
Man erhält eine homogene Anströmungsgeschwindigkeit auf die Vorderkante des Flügels, wenn diese der Anströmung selbst angepasst ist.
Durch die Pfeilung verringert sich diese Geschwindigkeit mit dem Kosinus des Pfeilwinkels und führt zum Verlust von Auftrieb. Nachteilig ist außerdem, dass neben dieser Normalgeschwindigkeit auch eine Tangentialkomponente auftritt, die sich entsprechend vergrößert. Diese bewirkt ein Abschwimmen der Grenzschicht zum äußeren Flügelbereich hin. Dadurch wird die Grenzschicht aufgedickt, und es kann zu einem Ablösen der Strömung an den Flügelspitzen kommen. Dies verringert die Querruderwirksamkeit.
Daneben sind noch eine Reihe weiterer Formen, zum Beispiel ringförmige Tragflächen (Ringflügel) möglich, die aber bislang nur bei Modell- und Experimentalflugzeugen verwirklicht wurden.
Insbesondere bei Flugzeugen mit Strahlantrieb ("Düsenflugzeuge") sind die Tragflächen zum Ermöglichen des Überschallflugs oft pfeilförmig nach hinten abgewinkelt. Eine Reihe von Militärflugzeugen, die in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren konstruiert wurden, können durch eine variable Geometrie die Pfeilung ihrer Tragflächen im Flug verstellen (Schwenkflügel), um sie optimal an die jeweilige Geschwindigkeit anzupassen.
Ein Forscherteam (Fish/Howle/Murray) hat 2008 nach dem Vorbild der Vorderflossen des Buckelwals eine Flügelform im Windkanal erprobt, die an der Vorderkante gewellt ist. Dadurch konnte gegenüber einem sonst gleichen Flügel mit gerader Vorderkante der Auftrieb um bis zu 8 Prozent gesteigert und gleichzeitig der Luftwiderstand um bis zu 32 Prozent gesenkt werden. Der Anstellwinkel, bei dem es zum Strömungsabriss (Stall) kam, lag 40 Prozent höher. Der Grund für diese guten Leistungsdaten liegt in der Energieeinleitung in die Strömung durch die gewellte Vorderkante (ähnlich Vortexgeneratoren).
Anordnung
Je nach Höhe der Anbringung der Tragflächen teilt man Flugzeuge in Tiefdecker (die Tragflächen sitzen bündig mit der Rumpfunterkante), Mitteldecker (mittlere Höhe), Schulterdecker (bündig mit der Rumpfoberkante) und Hochdecker (Tragflächen über dem Rumpf) ein. Flugzeuge, bei denen das Höhenleitwerk vor dem Flügel angeordnet ist, heißen Enten- oder Canardflugzeuge, Flugzeuge, bei denen das Höhenleitwerk hinter dem Flügel angeordnet ist, heißen Drachenflugzeuge. Moderne Großraumflugzeuge sind als Tiefdecker konstruiert, wobei die beiden Flügel über einen Flügelmittelkasten mit dem Flugzeugrumpf verbunden werden.
Die meisten modernen Flugzeuge besitzen auf jeder Seite des Rumpfs eine Tragflächenhälfte. In den ersten Jahrzehnten der Fliegerei waren Doppeldecker mit jeweils zwei Tragflächen übereinander häufig, vereinzelt wurden sogar Dreidecker gebaut. Heute werden Doppeldecker nur noch für den Kunstflug gebaut. Es gibt auch Flugzeuge mit nur einer Tragfläche, ohne Leitwerk. Solche nennt man Nurflügel oder auch Schwanzlose. Flugzeuge mit zwei oder mehreren hintereinander angeordneten Tragflächen (Tandemanordnung) blieben eine Rarität. Als weitere Variante gibt es noch die Boxwing-Tragfläche, die in der Praxis bisher nur bei Modellflugzeugen und dem Ultraleichtflugzeug Sunny verwendet wird.
Die Flügelstellung ist grob gekennzeichnet durch die Form ihrer Stirnansicht. Sie kann gerade sein, eine mehr oder weniger stark ausgeprägte V-Stellung aufweisen oder sich als Knickflügel präsentieren.
Tragrumpf
Mit Tragrumpf () wird eine Flugzeug-Bauweise bezeichnet, bei welcher der Auftrieb nicht oder nicht allein durch Tragflächen, sondern wesentlich durch einen speziell geformten Rumpf erzeugt wird.
Antrieb
Anders als bei den Flügeln der Tiere, die Vortrieb und Auftrieb erzeugen, liefern Tragflächen nur Auftrieb. Der Vortrieb muss von separaten Triebwerken erzeugt werden. Zu Beginn der Fliegerei wurde mit Tragflächen experimentiert, die den Flügelschlag der Vögel nachahmen und dadurch Vortrieb erzeugen sollten. Diese Konstruktionen (Schwingenflugzeuge oder auch Ornithopter) erwiesen sich jedoch für die manntragende Fliegerei als ungeeignet und wurden bisher nur im Modellflug erfolgreich verwirklicht.
Die einzige praktikable Lösung einer Kombination von Vor- und Auftrieb in der Tragfläche besteht darin, die Tragflächen um eine vertikale Achse rotieren zu lassen. In diesem Fall spricht man dann aber von einem Rotorblatt (siehe Hubschrauber).
Weitere Funktionen
Tragflächen moderner Flugzeuge erfüllen noch eine Reihe weiterer Funktionen:
Sie enthalten große Kraftstofftanks, z. T. selbstversiegelnd
Sie tragen eine Vielzahl von Klappen zur Steuerung, z. B. Querruder, Spoiler, Trimmruder
Sie verfügen über Auftriebshilfen
Durch eine elastische Bauweise sind die Tragflächen gleichzeitig die "Federung" des Flugzeugs und fangen vertikale Kräfte wie zum Beispiel Luftwirbel ab
Sie bilden bei vielen Großflugzeugen die Aufhängung für die Triebwerke (meistens in Gondeln darunter)
Sie dienen bei einigen Flugzeugen mit einziehbarem Fahrwerk der Aufnahme des Fahrwerks.
In den 20er Jahren benutzte der deutsche Flugzeughersteller Junkers die Tragflächenansätze (Flügelwurzel) zur Passagierunterbringung
Siehe auch
Holm (Flügel)
Flügelwurzel
Kraftstoffsystem
Channelwing
Druckbeiwert
Literatur
David Anderson, Scott Eberhardt: How airplanes fly. Sport Aviation, Februar 1999.
G. K. Batchelor: An introduction to fluid mechanics. Cambridge University Press.
H. Goldstein: Klassische Mechanik. Akademische Wissenschaften, Wiesbaden.
Ernst Götsch: Luftfahrzeugtechnik. Motorbuchverlag, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-613-02006-8.
J. Hoffren: Quest for an improved explanation of lift. AIAA 2001-0872.
K. Weltner: Flugphysik. Aulis Verlag Deubner, Köln 2001, ISBN 3-7614-2364-0.
R. Wodzinski: Wie erklärt man das Fliegen in der Schule? Versuch einer Analyse verschiedener Erklärungsmuster. Plus Lucis Fachdidaktik, 1999.
Weblinks
David Anderson und Scott Eberhardt: A Physical Description of Flight
Peter Junglas: Allgemeinverständliche Erklärung
NASA: Beginner's Guide to Aerodynamics Hier gibt's u. a. einen Computer-Windkanal, in dem man die Hauptparameter eines Profils verändern und die Auswirkungen auf Strömungsfeld und Kräfte beobachten kann.
Klaus Weltner: Zwei Artikel zu Auftrieb und Bernoulli
Rita Wodzinski: Wie erklärt man das Fliegen in der Schule? Versuch einer Analyse verschiedener Erklärungsmuster (Acrobat PDF; 288 kB)
Darstellung Strömungsverhalten an einer Tragfläche
Einzelnachweise
Luftfahrttechnik
Schiffselement | {
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Last week a SharePoint 2010 Server farm I manage stopped working, I could browse the Central Administration site collection but none of the other site collections would load. All of them would trigger a generic SharePoint error dialog and not let you go any further.
Exception: System.ServiceModel.ServiceActivationException: The service '/SecurityTokenServiceApplication/securitytoken.svc' cannot be activated due to an exception during compilation. The exception message is: Method not found: 'System.String System.ServiceModel.Activation.Iis7Helper.ExtendedProtectionDotlessSpnNotEnabledThrowHelper(System.Object)'.. —> System.MissingMethodException: Method not found: 'System.String System.ServiceModel.Activation.Iis7Helper.ExtendedProtectionDotlessSpnNotEnabledThrowHelper(System.Object)'.
You tend to think some code libraries have either gone missing or have changed. Fortunately I found a TechNet blog post on the matter and have to congratulate MS for responding so quickly to the issue. Turns out (which in my case I was under the impression that this server had Service Pack 1 installed, when it didn't) that if you are running SharePoint Server 2010 on any RTM edition of Windows Server 2008 R2 or Windows 7 build, the Security Update KB2756920 will have applied from Windows update around January 10th 2013 – in this security update Microsoft patch a vulnerability in the .NET Framework 3.5 that does in fact remove some functions from an assembly in the framework that causes the Security Token Service to break. Who would have guessed!! (sarcasm intended).
I read further that this change in KB2756920 only effects pre-SP1 installs of the O.S's mentioned. Service Pack 1 includes an update that replaces KB2756920 that doesn't break the Security Token Service that still includes the fix for security vulnerability shipped in the KB2756920 patch. In my case though due to the missing Service Pack and the fact that WSUS wanted to keep deploying KB2756920 each time I mannually removed it, I did need to first apply the SP1 to the server and then the issue was resolved entirely. | {
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Главная Изучаем English Grammar Part 3. Future Unit 24. Will be doing and will have done.
• This time next week I'll be on holiday. I'll be lying on the beach or swimming in the sea.
• You have no chance of getting the job. You'll be wasting your time if you apply for it.
• Don't phone between 7 and 8. We'll be having dinner.
• Let's wait for Liz to arrive and then we'll have dinner.
We also use will be -ing in a different way: to talk about complete actions in the future.
• The government will be making a statement about the crisis later today.
• Will you be going away this summer?
• Our best player is injured and won't be playing in the game on Saturday.
• Sally always leaves for work at 8.30 in the morning. She won't be at home at 9 o'clock - she'll have gone to work.
• We're late. The film will already have started by the time we get to the cinema.
1 Tick the sentences which are true.
Read about Colin. Then tick the sentences which are true. In each group of sentences at least one is true.
Colin goes to work every day. He leaves home at 8 o'clock and arrivesat work at about 8.45. He starts work immediately and continues until12.30 when he has lunch (which takes about half an hour). He startswork again at 1.15 and goes home at exactly 4.30. Every day he followsthe same routine and tomorrow will be no exception.
2 Put the verb into the correct form.
Put the verb into the correct form, will be (do)ing or will have (done).
1 Don't phone between 7 and 8. We'll be having (we / have) dinner then.
2 Phone me after 8 o'clock. ________________ (we / finish) dinner by then.
3 Tomorrow afternoon we're going to play tennis from 3 o'clock until4.30. So at 4 o'clock, ________________ (we / play) tennis.
4 A: Can we meet tomorrow?
B: Yes, but not in the afternoon. ________________ (I / work).
5 В has to go to a meeting which begins at 10 o'clock. It will last about an hour.
A: Will you be free at 11.30?
B: Yes, ________________ (the meeting/end) by then.
6 Ben is on holiday and he is spending his money very quickly. If hecontinues like this, ________________ (he / spend) all his money beforethe end of his holiday.
7 Do you think ________________ (you / still / do) the same job in ten years' time?
8 Lisa is from New Zealand. She is travelling around Europe at themoment. So far she has travelled about 1,000 miles. By the end of thetrip, ________________ (she / travel) more than 3,000 miles.
9 If you need to contact me, ________________ (I / stay) at the Lion Hotel until Friday.
10 A: ________________ (you / see) Laura tomorrow?
A: I borrowed this CD from her. Can you give it back to her?
Сегодняшкольная форма от bosser.ru – это не скучные темныеплатьица и костюмы, это настоящая деловая одежда для школьников. | {
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That Rich Earth a Richer Dust
In that rich earth a richer dust concealed.
On the way to Valley Cemetery, Pas de Calais, France.
(P. Ferguson image, September 2010)
That there's some corner of a foreign field
That is for ever England. There shall be
In that rich earth a richer dust concealed;
A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware,
Gave, once, her flowers to love, her ways to roam,
A body of England's, breathing English air,
Washed by the rivers, blest by suns of home.
And think, this heart, all evil shed away,
A pulse in the eternal mind, no less
Gives somewhere back the thoughts by England given;
Her sights and sounds; dreams happy as her day;
And laughter, learnt of friends; and gentleness,
In hearts at peace, under an English heaven.
Poem by Rupert Brooke
Time and time again I return to these words…In that rich earth….a richer dust concealed…and time and time again these few, these lone few words remain with me a day or more. Is it for Richards or Stevens, Smith or Talbot, Hoskins or Thompson…its for them all. Either England…or Scotland, Ireland or Wales. Australia, New Zealand, India, Canada and others. French, Belgian, American, Austrian, German. Across the fields we see them all, across the towns…names and sorrow here within the ground…a tide of humanity reaching ever skyward under an Earthen heaven.
Tags: A Richer Dust Concealed, Earth, Heaven, In That Rich Earth, Poetry, Rupert Brooke, The Soldier, Valley Cemetery (France)
This entry was posted by pferguson on Friday, December 28th, 2018 at 8:11 pm and is filed under Remember Them Well. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
pferguson
Paul has worked with the Paradigm Motion Picture Company since 2009 as producer, historian and research specialist. Paul first met Casey and Ian WIlliams of Paradigm in April 2007 at Ieper (Ypres), Belgium when ceremonies were being held for the re-dedication of the Vimy Memorial, France. Paul's sensitivity to film was developed at an early age seeing his first films at RCAF Zweibrucken, Germany and in Sardinia. Paul returned to Canada in 1967 and was further amazed by David Lean's "Lawrence of Arabia" and "Bridge on the River Kwai". Film captivated Paul and with time he became increasingly interested in storytelling, content development, character, direction, cinematography and soundtracks. At the University of Victoria, Paul studied and compared Japanese and Australian film and became interested in Australian film maker Peter Weir and his film "Gallipoli" (1981). Paul was entranced when he learned Weir had visited the beaches, ridges and ravines of the peninsula. The film "Gallipoli" alone led Paul on many journeys to sites of conflict in England, France, Belgium, Holland, Germany, Malta, Hawaii and Gallipoli. It was, however, when Paul watched documentary filmmaker Ken Burns, "The Civil War", that Paul understood how his own experience and insight could be effective and perhaps influential in film-making. Combining his knowledge of Museums and Archives, exhibitions and idea strategies with his film interests would be a natural progression. Paul thinks like a film-maker. His passion for history and storytelling brings to Paradigm an eye (and ear) to the keen and sensitive interests of; content development, the understanding of successful and relational use of collections, imagery and voice. Like Paul's favorite actor, Peter O'Toole, he believes in the adage "To deepen not broaden." While on this path Paul always remembers his grandmother whose father did not return from the Great War and how his loss shaped her life and how her experience continues to guide him.
× two = eight
« This Tide and Every Tide And Danced the Skies » | {
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Honored, excited, humbled, giddy, perplexed -- a mix of emotions from a sophomore blogger, this recognition from The Philippine Blog Awards came as a surprise, and Mom-Friday is truly grateful!
It's still quite unbelievable for me! I never imagined I'd even be nominated for my 19-month old blog. And I could not have made it this far if not for my readers and followers like you! This recognition is such a blessing. THANK YOU! | {
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Steve and Joe talk about how to beat the winter blues! "There is a lot to be thankful for; we are in between storms!"
Has the winter season brought you down?
Are you having difficulty waking up in the morning? Are you over oversleeping and over eating? Are you lacking energy and having difficulty concentrating on or completing tasks? Are you withdrawn from friends, family, and social activities? These symptoms and much more may suggest that you are experiencing a mood disorder called Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), also known as winter depression. If you are, you are not alone. There are many reasons for what causes SAD and there are many ways to help combat the winter blues.
Biological clock (circadian rhythm): Reduction of sunlight can affect disrupt your body's internal clock. Less sunlight in the winter months may cause SAD.
Serotonin levels: A brain chemical called serotonin that affects mood may decrease and might play a role in SAD. Reduced sunlight can cause serotonin levels to decrease that may cause SAD.
Melatonin levels: Melatonin is a natural hormone produce by our body to help induce sleep. The change in season (less sun light) can affect the body's level of melatonin, which plays a role in sleep patterns and mood.
What can we do to combat the winter blues?
Keep your shades up during the day to let more light in. Sit near windows as much as possible. Try changing the light bulbs in your house to "full spectrum" bulbs. Blue light is a full spectrum light which is similar to sun light. Blue light will help your body's natural production of serotonin. Blue light are more stimulating and produce less glare than white light.
Nutritious foods can help you beat winter blues and the winter flu. Eat more fruits and veggies. People who eat more Fruits and veggies are less likely to be anxious and depressed. Reduce you consumption of processed foods.
We often don't take in enough fluids during the cold winter months. When hydrated, your appetite is better controlled. Dehydration can cause you to feel tired, and become more susceptible to winter colds and flu.
Simple changes like painting the walls a brighter or lighter color, hanging cheerful images, and moving your furniture can keep your spirits up.
Hobbies, projects or activities that help you prepare or think of spring can help uplift spirits!
Organic Essential Oils can help combat winter blues. According to aromaweb.com, natural fragrances using simple blends of citrus oils are emphasized because they are energizing and uplifting oils. Orange, lemon and grapefruit oils are oils favored by many people, so your whole household may enjoy the aroma when diffused.
This is nice natural way to introduce aromas without introducing chemicals into your home.
Exercise is great for relieving the stress. Exercise increases energy and improves mood throughout the day. Outdoor physical activities also promote exposure to sunlight as well.
Whether you work outside in the cold or just walking to school or work, you should be dressing accordingly to minimize discomfort and stress. No one likes to be cold. (Avoid cold hands and feet) Try to ware three layers for better comfort.
Look for volunteer opportunities where you can make a difference. Help out a neighbor, family or friend. Volunteer your help at an organization. This will get you active and feeling good about yourself when helping others.
Do something outdoors that embraces winter like sledding! Sledding has been a long lasting tradition of good old fashion American fun! Take advantage of these types opportunities during the winter season. Staying active will boost your energy and keep your spirits high.
If you have the winter blues, there is a lot we can do to change it. It takes action on our part. | {
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"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Indigenous Australians gallery 1996-2015
Indigenous Australians: Australia's First Peoples exhibition 1996-2015
The exhibition had five core themes explored through multimedia, art, cultural material and collection objects.
These extended family relationships are the core of Indigenous kinship systems that are central to the way culture is passed on and society is organised.
"All people with the same skin grouping as my mother are my mothers... They have the right, the same as my mother, to watch over me, to control what I'm doing, to make sure that I do the right thing. It's an extended family thing... It's a wonderful secure system." Wadjularbinna Doomadgee, Gungalidda leader, Gulf of Carpentaria, 1996
Kinship systems define where a person fits in to the community, binding people together in relationships of sharing and obligation. These systems may vary across communities but they serve similar functions across Australia. Kinship defines roles and responsibilities for raising and educating children and structures systems of moral and financial support within the community.
Learn about Indigenous family relationships
Elders bridge the past and the present and provide guidance for the future. They teach important traditions and pass on their skills, knowledge and personal experiences. It is for these reasons that in Indigenous societies elders are treated with respect.
In Aboriginal Society the family unit is very large and extended, often with ties to the community... Having that family unit broken down has just opened the floodgates for a lot of problems, a lot of emotional problems, mental and physical turmoil. If you want to use a really hard term to describe the impact that removal of Aboriginal children has had on Aboriginal families,'attempted cultural genocide' is a good phrase. Carol Kendal in 'Indigenous People and the Law' , C. Cunneen & T. Libesman (eds) Reed international Books, 1995
Indigenous communities have strong family values that are rarely endorsed or understood by government authorities. Children are not just the concern of the biological parents, but the entire community. Therefore, the raising, care, education and discipline of children are the responsibility of everyone - male, female, young and old.
Indigenous education stresses the relationship between the child and its social and natural environment, which children learn by close observation and practice. However, some knowledges are secret and are revealed only when the child is ready.
The government policies in which families and communities were separated were more than just heartbreaking for the individuals involved - they also effectively halted the passing of cultural knowledge from one generation to another.
Passing the Culture to Children - Storytelling
In Aboriginal Australian society storytelling makes up a large part of everyday life. Storytelling is not only about entertaining people but is also vital in educating children about life.
Storytelling is used in a variety of ways. It is used to teach children how they should behave and why, and to pass on knowledge about everyday life such as how and when to find certain foods. Stories are also used to explain peoples' spirituality, heritage and the laws. Dreaming stories pass on information to young people about creation, how the land was formed and populated, creation of plants, animals and humans, information about ancestral beings and places, the boundaries of peoples' tribal lands, how ancestors came to Australia, how people migrated across the country and arrived in a particular part of the country.
However, not all information can be known by all people. Some information can only be revealed to certain people. This information is known as sacred. For example, some sacred information can only be told to certain initiated women or men after they have carried out certain initiation rites.
The elders use every opportunity to educate the children about the way of life of their people. Stories are told while walking down to the waterhole or grinding up seeds to make damper (bread) or sitting around the campfire at night. As children grew older more information is passed on about their culture. Once a person becomes an adult they are responsible for passing on the information they had learned to the younger people.
Storytelling ensures that Aboriginal heritage is passed on to the younger people. This is how Dreaming stories have been passed down for thousands of years and continue to be passed on today.
Storytelling today
Today storytelling in Indigenous Australia is still a very important way of passing on information to people. For thousands of years information has been passed on through stories and songs. Today you can also see and hear it in many types of music, plays, poetry, books, artwork, on television and on the Web and you can now read in books the traditional stories that were once only spoken.
These stories keep alive the traditions and heritage of Indigenous Australia not only within Indigenous communities but also within the wider community. This helps to increase understanding and awareness between people.
Today, as well as elders in the communities, we have professional story tellers who visit schools and other educational groups passing on their knowledge about Indigenous culture and beliefs.
Indigenous children across Australia often make their own toys, and like children everywhere, they are incredibly resourceful. Some toys are models of traditional tools and weapons, such as boomerangs, spears, baskets or boats, while others are model airplanes, torches or telephones. Some toys are created specifically for Indigenous games. Special throwing objects called weet weets were used in boys' throwing game in northern Queensland. This selection of toys is just a sample of the range found across the country.
String games are common in both Indigenous and non-Indigenous cultures around the world. String figure designs often resembled objects that were, and in some parts of Australian still are, used in everyday life such as dilly bags and baskets, or they represented animals and people, or abstract ideas such as the forces of nature. As people played the string game designs would change quickly from one thing to another. This game was also used to help tell stories.
The stolen generation
They just came down and say, "We taking these kids". They just take you out if your mothers arms. That's what they done to me. I was still at my mother's breast when they took me. Alec Kruger, 1995
The greatest assault on Indigenous cultures and family life was the forced separation or 'taking away' of Indigenous children from their families. This occurred in every Australian state form the late 1800s until the practice was officially ended in 1969. During this time as many as 100 000 children were separated from their families. These children became known as the Stolen Generation.
The separation of children from their families placed into Indigenous children into government-run institutions; adoption of children by white families; and the fostering of children into white families. The last two strategies were particularly applied to 'fair-skinned' children.
These forced separations were part of deliberate policies of assimilation. Their aim was to cut children off from their culture to have them raised to think and act as 'white'.
What is Link Up?
Well there was nine of us in the family, old (Lambert) came along and said: "You can't look after these kids by yourself Mrs Clayton", but we were for months without welfare coming near us. We had the two grandmothers and all our uncles and aunties there and our father's brothers were there. We weren't short of an extended family by any means. We never went without anything. But they still took us away. What right did they have? I am still seeking answers to [my] family's removal. Iris Clayton, Wiradjuri Elder, Leeton/Canberra in 'Link-Up' Booklet 1995
Link-Up was formed in 1980 to work with Aboriginal adults who were separated as children from families. They may have been raised in state or sectarian institiutions specifically for Aboriginal children or in non-Aboriginal institutions, foster homes or adoptive homes.
Most of the children separated from their families grew up knowing little about their Aboriginal names, families, culture and heritage. These circumstances made it very difficult for those who wanted to find their families.
According to Link-Up, "empowerment is the basis of our work. Empowerment means that as workers we acknowledge the person's experience and we respect their ability to make decisions about their needs and their healing process. They are the experts of their own experience". Link-Up provides support and counselling before, during and after the reunion of families. Since its beginning Link-Up has worked with thousands of Aboriginal families.
Government Institutions for Children
Kinchela
Kinchela is a 13 hectare area of fertile land at the mouth of the Macleay River on the mid-north coast of New South Wales. In 1924, the Aboriginal Protection Board opened the Kinchela Boys Home with the 'official' purpose of providing training for Aboriginal boys between the ages of five and fifteen. These boys were taken from their families by the State from all over New South Wales.
Conditions at Kinchela were harsh. The boys received a poor education from unqualified teachers and worked long hours on vegetable and dairy farms run by the Board on the reserve land. Boys were beaten, tied up, given little emotional support, and no attention was given to developing skills of individual boys.
At the age of fifteen, the boys were sent to work as rural labourers. The board kept control of most of their earnings, which were supposed to be kept in trust for them until they reached adulthood. Most never saw their trust money.
Conditions improved in 1940, when the Protection Board was abolished and replaced by the Aboriginal Welfare Board. From the 1950s boys were sent to high school in Kempsey where they won many local athletics and sporting championships. Despite improvements, the fact remains that Kinchela was a home for 'stolen children'.
Kinchela closed down in 1969, when the Aboriginal Welfare Board was finally disbanded.
Cootamundra Girls Home
Cootamundra Girls Home, established in 1911, was the first of the homes for Aboriginal children set up by the Aborigines Protection Board. The main aim of the Board was to 'rescue' Aboriginal children from their families and assimilate them into the white community. Girls were the main target of the Board, especially so-called 'half-caste' or 'mixed blood' girls. The girls were trained as domestic servants and sent out to work for middle class white families.
At Cootamundra, Aboriginal girls were instructed to 'think white, look white, act white'. This was part of the process to make the girls suitable wives for white men, in the hope that through interracial marriages, Aboriginal blood would be 'bred out'. They were taught to look down on their own people and to fear Aboriginal men.
Girls in the home were not allowed to communicate with their families. They were often told that their parents were dead and even given forged death certificates. As a result, many of the girls in the home lost their families forever.
Cootamundra Home was closed in 1968, the year before the Aboriginal Welfare Board (previously the Aborigines Protection Board) was abolished.
These rights have been difficult to achieve for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders because of a history of governmental and colonial racism.
Social justice is what faces you in the morning. It is awakening in a house with adequate water supply, cooking facilities and sanitation. It is the ability to nourish your children and send them to school where their education not only equips them for employment but reinforces their knowledge and understanding of their cultural inheritance. It is the prospect of genuine employment and good health: a life of choices and opportunity, free from discrimination. Mick Dodson, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner, Sydney Morning Herald, 25 January, 1997
Non-Aboriginal Australia has developed on the racist assumption of an ingrained sense of superiority that it knows best what is good for Aboriginal people. Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody, National Report
Redfern Park Speech
[I]t might help if we non-Aboriginal Australians imagined ourselves dispossessed of the land we lived on for 50 000 years, and then imagined ourselves told that it had never been ours. Imagine if ours was the oldest culture in the world and we were told that it was worthless. Imagine if we had resisted this settlement, suffered and died in the defence of our land, and then were told in history books that we had given it up without a fight. Imagine if non-Aboriginal Australians had served their country in peace and war and were then ignored in history books. Imagine if our feats on the sporting field has inspired admiration and patriotism and yet did nothing to diminish prejudice. Imagine if our spiritual life was denied and ridiculed. Imagine if we had suffered the injustice and then were blamed for it. Extract from the speech by Mr Paul Keating, Prime Minister of Australia, Redfern Park, 10 December 1993 at the launch of Australia's celebration of the International Year of the World's Indigenous People.
Social Justice - keeping score
The Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody found a long history of social injustice in a number of crucial areas for Indigenous Australians. The following statistics measure progress in achieving social justice for Indigenous Australians in these areas.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations comprise just over 1.6% of the total Australian population.
Two thirds of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders live in rural or remote areas. However, more Indigenous people live in Western Sydney than anywhere else in Australia.
Indigenous Australians are ten times more likely to suffer from diabetes mellitus than non-Indigenous Australians. Indigenous Australians are seven times more likely to die of a respiratory disease.
The rate of Indigenous infant mortality is two to three times greater than for non-Indigenous Australians.
The life expectancy for Indigenous Australians is between 16-18 years less than non-Indigenous Australians.
In 1991, the unemployment rate for Indigenous Australians was nearly three times that of the national average.
Employment rate in 1991:
Indigenous Australian 30.8 %
National 11.7 %
Indigenous Australians earn less than two thirds the national average.
Average income per year in 1991:
Indigenous Australian $11 491
National $17 614
For more detailed statistics go to the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission website.
Over 30 percent of Indigenous Australian family dwellings are 'over-occupied', by national standards. The national average is eight percent.
27 percent of Indigenous Australians own their own homes. The national rate for home ownership is 69 percent.
At 30 June, 2016:
There were 10,596 prisoners who identified as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, a 7% increase (711 prisoners) from 30 June, 2015 (9,885 prisoners). The number of non-Indigenous prisoners increased by 8% (2,002 prisoners).
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander prisoners accounted for just over a quarter (27%) of the total Australian prisoner population.
From 30 June, 2015, the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander imprisonment rate increased by 4%, from 2,253 to 2,346 prisoners per 100,000 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population. The non-Indigenous rate increased by 6% over the same period from 146 to 154 prisoners per 100,000 non-Indigenous population.
The proportion of adult prisoners who identified as Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ranged from 8% in Victoria (535 prisoners) to 84% (1,393 prisoners) in the Northern Territory.
(Australian Bureau of Statistics)
Dispossession and Health
I thought that's a real indictment upon Australia, that Aboriginal people living in an advanced country, have third world health problems. Dr Sandra Eades, Aboriginal Medical Service in My Kind of People, Achievement, Identity and Aboriginality, 1994
Colonisation has affected the health of Indigenous communities in a number of ways. One of the most devastating impacts of European colonisation on Aboriginal people was the introduction of diseases such as smallpox, influenza, venereal disease, typhoid, tuberculosis, pneumonia, measles and whooping cough. For example, many of the Eora people who lived on the foreshores of Sydney Harbour died from smallpox in the first years of the European occupation.
Other effects of colonisation such as poverty and racism on Aboriginal health are less obvious but no less devastating.
Aboriginal incomes are generally lower than the average for other Australians.
Large proportions of Aboriginal people have inadequate housing, water quality, food supplies and sanitation. This seriously affects the health of children.
Aboriginal children are typically lighter in weight and shorter than non-Aboriginal peers.
Controlled by the State
Nothing could have prepared my mother for the experience of reading her files. The first entry in 1942 and the last 1974 - 32 years of surveillance. Jackie Huggins, Historian/Writer, Auntie Rita, Brisbane, 1994
Until 1969, state-run Aboriginal Protection or Welfare Boards controlled and supervised the lives of Indigenous Australians. These boards, which began operating in the early 1900s, could decide where Indigenous people could live, whom they might marry or have relationships with and where and how their children could be raised. They also determined which jobs Indigenous people could have, and withheld their wages indefinitely. They governed what property Indigenous people could own and how they disposed of it and also where people could travel who they could visit.
Certain exemptions were made for those Indigenous people who were deemed to have reached 'acceptable' standards of non-Indigenous civilisation, that is, a European lifestyle. These people were granted a type of 'honorary' citizenship which could nevertheless be withdrawn by the authorities. Aboriginal people referred to these exemption certificated as 'dog tags' or 'dog licences'.
Finally in 1969, the Protection Board was disbanded and the Commonwealth assumed responsibility for Indigenous affairs. This meant that under the Constitution, Indigenous Australians were entitled to the same rights as all other Australian citizens.
Albert Namatjira was an Arrente man from the Hermansburg mission in west Alice Springs, who became known nationally for his paintings of Central Australia.
Despite his fame, Namatjira was still subject to the controls of Aboriginal Protection Boards. In 1949, his application for a grazier's lease was rejected. In 1951, his application for permission to build a house of his own was denied. At the same time as these basic rights were denied him, and even though he was not considered an Australian citizen, Namatjira was required to pay tax on his earnings.
Namatjira was awarded the Queen's Coronation Medal in 1953, and in 1957, he and his wife were granted honorary citizenship of Australia, though their children remained state wards.
In 1958, he was arrested for sharing alcohol with a relation who did not have citizenship privileges. For this 'crime' he was forced to spend two months under open arrest on the Papunya Reserve. He died of a heart attack three months later.
The Freedom Rides
In February 1965, 30 people led by Charles Perkins and Jim Spigelman undertook a bus tour of northern and western New South Wales towns to protest against racial discrimination. This group became known as the 'freedom riders'.
The tour focussed national attention on racism that had been generated and supported by the 'White Australia Policy'. Indigenous people were often denied service in shops, separated from whites in cinemas, banned from hotels and clubs and excluded from swimming pools being used by white people.
The freedom riders experienced hostility in most towns and violence in some. Eventually,'White Australia' was formally ended as government policy in 1972 and the Race Discrimination Act was passed in 1975. Nevertheless, the struggle for social justice continues today.
Horton, D, Aboriginal Encyclopedia
Reproducing the stereotypes
White Australians basically are racist. Racism stems from what you see on TV. Not seeing an Aboriginal family in these productions is part of that. It's all right to have a black American family in there, that's fine, but not a black Australian. But you can't paint a black picture if you only use white paint. Ernie Dingo, Actor/Comedian, in 'My Kind of People, Achievement and Identity and Aboriginality', 1994
In 1990, the National Inquiry into Racist Violence found that Aboriginal people (and other minority groups) saw television and newspapers as a major influence in the maintenance of racism and misrepresentation of their cultures and lives.
The Inquiry supported Indigenous Australians' concerns that issues and events involving Aboriginal people were predominantly shown in a negative light - that Aboriginal people were either portrayed as a threat to society, or as victims. This type of misrepresentation continues the cycle of misunderstanding and racism. The Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody confirmed these problems with media portrayals of Indigenous people and issues when it recommended that journalists be trained in cross-cultural awareness.
Since the early 1980s, Aboriginal community-based media organisations have been formed to provide an Aboriginal perspective and influence, in the representation of Indigenous peoples in the media.
Aboriginal Deaths in Custody
Australia must know the truth behind the deaths or else we must forever live with the knowledge that our fear of the truth or our misguided sense of priorities caused us to abandon an essential and momentous decision to examine a little of our national character and the behaviour of people in authority. Justice James Muirhead, Royal Commissioner into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody
Asking an Aboriginal what he or she regards as the important factors underlying deaths in custody often elicits as a first reply "racism"... it is an uncomfortable subject which tends not to be talked about very openly and the existence of which is vigorously denied by those who are its most obvious practitioners. Hal Wootten, Royal Commissioner into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody
Between 1980 and 1989, at least 99 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people died in prison, youth detention centres or police cells.
The relatives of a number of the dead began campaigning for a national Inquiry into the deaths. In August 1987, after the death of an Aboriginal man in the New South Wales town of Brewarrina, the sixteenth person to die in custody that year, the Prime Minister, Mr Bob Hawke, announced that a Royal Commission into deaths in custody would be held.
In 1991, the Commission presented its report and made a series of recommendations to improve the treatment of Indigenous Australians in the justice system. However, the fundamental finding of the Commission was that racism towards Indigenous Australians is ingrained at all levels of Australian society and was the major contributing factor to deaths in custody.
Five years after the Commission made its recommendations, the Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Report found that between 1989 and 1996, at least 96 Aboriginal people died in custody. In 1995, 22 Aboriginal people died in custody - the highest number since 1987.
Governments claim they have implemented the recommendations but the stories of Indigenous people who died tell otherwise. Failure to implement [the Royal Commission's] recommendations within the criminal justice system is a major cause of continuing deaths. Mick Dodson, Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission press release, 25 November 1996
The findings of the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody
The commissioners investigating the deaths in custody of the 99 Aboriginal people did not find widespread foul play by the custodians as was generally expected. However, they did find damning similarities in the lives of those who died. Almost half had been taken as children from their families by State authorities, most were unemployed, and nearly all had had repeated contact with the justice system from an early age.
In summary, the Commission found that the major cause of death in custody was that Aboriginal people were brought into contact with the justice system more than non-Indigenous Australians and for lesser offences. They also found that people were inadequately cared for and supervised while in detention.
The Royal Commission stressed the need to find alternatives to custody for Aboriginal people, for the involvement of Aboriginal communities in the justice system and for self-determination at the local level. Finally, they called for a process of national reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.
Community Service Alternatives to Custody
The Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody found that a history of cultural ignorance and misunderstanding over the value and practice of Indigenous law had resulted in Indigenous Australians being severely disadvantaged in the courts and over-represented in prisons.
Too many young Indigenous people were caught in an escalating cycle of encounters with police and the criminal justice system. Consequently, the Commission recommended that the community be involved in the sentencing process and that community service order be issued as alternatives to prison sentences for some offences.
Two Systems of Law
"Colonial law has been a reality in Australia since 1788. Aboriginal law has always been a reality and we are unanimous in our resolve that it continue to be so." Noel Pearson, Executive Director, Cape York Land Council, 1993.
Many Indigenous Australians live under two legal systems - the British-based Australian legal system and the Indigenous customary law system. Customary law is a term used to describe the laws and ways of living handed down to Aboriginal people by the Ancestral Beings.
In many remote of parts of Australia, Indigenous cultures are the dominant cultures. In areas such as Arnhem Land, the Western Desert (Central Australia) and Pitjanjatjara lands, a blend of British-based Australian law and Indigenous customary law is working successfully.
We have extended our hand to other Australians. Those Australians who take our hand are those who dare to dream of an Australia that could be. In true reconciliation, through the remembering, the grieving and the healing, we become as one in the dreaming of this land. This is about us and our country, not about the petty deliberations of politics. We must join hands and forge our future. Will you take our hand? Will you dare to share our dream? Mick Dodson, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner, Sydney Morning Herald, 25 January, 1997
One of the reasons they have survived for so long is their ability to adapt to change.
Culture: the total of ways of living built up by a group of human beings, which is passed on from one generation to the next.
Heritage: that which comes or belongs to one by reason of birth.
Maintaining one's culture, values and traditions is beyond price. Human beings cannot live without that. We are glad to share our culture with Europeans and other migrants but we will never give them up. Getano Lui, jnr, Thursday Island, 1994
Indigenous Australia has been influenced by other peoples who have come to Australia to stay and peoples who visited Australia for trade or other reasons but did not stay. Indigenous peoples also exchanged ideas and goods among themselves. Goods were exchanged and other things such as songs and dances were traded. Songs and dances were exchanged often at large ceremonial gatherings when many people collected together. These gatherings often occurred at a time and place when there was plenty of particular foods.
Although Indigenous cultures are very strong, years of European misunderstanding and indifference have affected them. Today, Indigenous communities keep cultures alive by:
passing their knowledge, arts, rituals and performances from one generation to another
speaking and teaching languages
protecting cultural property and sacred and significant sites and objects
The Oldest Living Culture
We've been here a long, long time Koori Mail, October 1996
The long history of Indigenous people is found in the many significant archaeological sites throughout Australia. Archaeological sites provide information about how Indigenous people lived, used resources and were able to adapt to environmental changes in the past. These archaeological sites also illustrate how Indigenous cultures have changed over time. Archaeological investigations in the northwest of Australia suggest that Indigenous people may have occupied Australia for at least 60,000 years.
Sites of cultural significance are protected by law. Any activities which could damage these sites must be cleared by the relevant Indigenous communities.
Botany Bay, New South Wales
One type of archaeological site that can be found on the shores Botany Bay is a shell midden. Archaeological evidence shows that a midden in Botany Bay was occupied many times during the last 3 000 years.
Middens are sites where Aboriginal people ate different kinds of shellfish, fish and other animals. Mounds of shells and other leftovers indicate the site's special use by humans.
Aboriginal shell middens commonly occur along the Australian coastline and are an important archaeological resource. Objects that are often foumd in middens along the southern part of the New South Wales coast are shell fish hooks in different stages of their manufacture, bone points and barbs.
Jinmium, north Western Australia
According to Aboriginal elders Biddy Simon and Paddy Carlton, Jinmium has always been a special place. It was only recently that archaeologists have caught up with this view.
Archaeological work at Jinmium created enormous public interest in 1996 when initial dates suggested stone artefacts (flakes and some tools) were older than 116,000 years and engravings were up to 58,000 years old. More recently developed dating methods challenged the early dates, suggesting the stone artefacts and rock-art may be less than 20,000 years old -- perhaps only 10,000 years of age.
However, these results have also been questioned, with ongoing research indicating the true maximum age of some Jinmium artefacts and rock-art to be somewhere between 20,000 and 60,000 years before present. Scientists, including both dating experts and archaeologists, simply do not agree on when the first Aboriginal people arrived at Jinmium or the rest of Australia. Only time and further research will tell.
Lake Mungo, western New South Wales
Lake Mungo in western New South Wales is a site of great Aboriginal and archaeological importance, containing material dated to at least 33,000 years ago. Lake Mungo is now dry but it was once part of a series of freshwater lakes that would have been full during the late Pleistocene period when the sites were first occupied. The lake had varying water levels during this time but 21,000 years ago the freshwater lakes gradually began to dry up and Lake Mungo itself disappeared about 17 000 years ago.
Many stone artefacts, such as flaked stone tools, have been found at Lake Mungo. The tasks for which these flaked stone tools were used are often not known, although some may have been used for wood-working.
A Changing Culture
Indigenous cultures changing through time
Archaeological evidence shows that Indigenous cultures have developed and altered a number of times as a result of changes in the environment such as rise in sea level and drying out of the continent. This has caused changes in the types of resources available to people, the tool kits and diet.
Indigenous people have been influenced by a range of cultures over time and in most recent history have managed to survive and fight against the sudden and often catastrophic changes to their cultures and ways of life brought about by Europeans since 1788.
Influences on Indigenous cultures
Aboriginal people were in contact with other cultures, sharing ideas and skills long before permanent European occupation in 1788. Many Indigenous communities have been influenced by contact with Macassans, Melanesians, Dutch, English, Portugese navigators and traders, as well as other Aboriginal communities and Torres Strait Islanders.
For over 300 years, Macassan traders from Sulawesi (now part of Indonesia) visited the coast of northern Australia to fish for 'trepang' (sea slug), a delicacy in cooking. The cultural exchange can be seen in rock and bark paintings, emblems and objects used in ceremonies, the introduction of dug-out canoes and some Macassan words in Aboriginal languages.
Images of Macassans were painted in rock and bark. Tobacco was introduced to northern Australia. There are pipes from this area made after the Macassan style but with local designs.
Indigenous 'multiculturalism'
The population of Australia's Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities is extremely diverse in its culture with many different languages spoken. Think of the Kimberly region of Western Australia... if you travel through the Kimberly with its large Aboriginal population and the diversity of people within this region, it's just like travelling through Europe with its changing cultures and languages. Dot West, Chairperson, National Indigenous Media Association of Australia, Boyer Lectures, 1993.
There are many different Indigenous cultures in Australia, made up of people from various Indigenous 'nations' that speak their own languages.
Over thousands of years, communities of Indigenous Australians have exchanged ideas, technology and cultural practices with each other. As a result, many communities may share certain technologies but use them in different ways. Objects, such as shields and baskets, differ in their design, decoration and meaning from region to region.
Shields were made by men and used in ceremonies, dances and occasionally in defensive combat. The narrowest shields were usually used in hand-to-hand combat while large, broad shields protected the bearer against spears and missiles. The largest and most spectacular shields were made by the rainforest peoples of north Queensland, where they were painted with clan designs and colours.
Baskets, bags and other containers are usually made by women but are used by both sexes mainly for food gathering. Some of these containers and bags are often woven from bark, human hair, pandanus and palm fronds, grasses and bush twine made from plant fibres. They are coloured with dyes made from roots, bark and other natural substances, and are sometimes decorated with feathers and pieces of cloth.
European misunderstanding of Aboriginal life
The complexity and richness of Aboriginal cultures was poorly understood by the majority of early colonists. Government legislation and policies worked against the interests of Aboriginal people but greatly benefited the pastoralists who were rapidly spreading across Australia, setting up farms and sheep stations, often with the labour of Indigenous men and women. This lack of understanding of Aboriginal ways of life and how they used the land resulted in many clashes between settlers and Aboriginal people, particularly over land and access to land, which for Aboriginal people meant food and spiritual well-being.
As in the past Indigenous Australian arts today are as diverse as the people that make them. Many artists work in introduced media, such as acrylic, fabric, photography or print-making. The themes of Indigenous art reflect the range of artists' concerns and experiences: from relationships to landscapes and animals to political and social injustices.
Some forms of contemporary art, such as certain bark paintings, are based on historic practices. However, most Indigenous artists express their heritage and experiences in innovative ways which both reflect Indigenous and non-Indigenous influences.
Bangarra Dance Company
Traditionally Aboriginal ceremonies have always blended dance and drama with music and visual art forms. This tradition has continued in new ways by contemporary dance companies such as Bangarra.
Bangarra's mission is:
"to maintain the link, with respect and integrity, between the traditional Indigenous cultures of Australia and new forms of contemporary artistic expression, giving voice to social and political issues which speak to all people."
Living Languages
It is a mistake to dismiss our languages as part of history, and long gone. They're not. They are alive and vibrant. They are in a new phase of growth. They're part of us as the Indigenous people of the land. Our languages are the voice of the land, and we are the carriers of the languages. Jeanie Bell, Linguist, Boyer Lectures, 1993
At the time of invasion there were over 700 different Aboriginal languages and dialects spoken in Australia. Now there are less that 250 still in use.
One of the major practices of colonists was to stop Aboriginal people speaking their own languages, which interrupted the passing of language from one generation to another. Today, many of Australia's Indigenous languages are no longer spoken as first languages. However, they live on through individual words and through varieties of Aboriginal English which incorporate the structures of Aboriginal languages.
Cultural Property
The unique aesthetic of Indigenous Australian cultural work is recognised all over the world. However, the marketability of Indigenous arts has resulted in many cases of exploitation: Indigenous artists' work has at times been reproduced without permission and without regard for the cultural and spiritual significance of the designs to the artist.
In an effort to protect the integrity of their work and share it with others, many Indigenous artists now make licensing agreements with manufacturers so that their designs can be reproduced and the artist can be fairly rewarded.
Its forms and practices have been profoundly influenced by the impact of colonialism, both past and present.
Some Indigenous Australians share the religious beliefs and values of religions introduced into Australia from other cultures around the world, particularly Europe. But for most people religious beliefs are derived from a sense of belonging-to the land, to the sea, to other people, to one's culture.
The form and expression of spirituality differs between Aboriginal people and Torres Strait Islanders. Aboriginal spirituality mainly derives from the stories of the Dreaming, while Torres Strait Islander spirituality draws upon the stories of the Tagai.
So the sad thing about it all was the missionaries didn't realise that we already had something that tied in with what they'd brought to us. They saw different as inferior, and they didn't ask us what it was that we had. And it's very sad because if they had asked... things may have been different today. Our people, before the white man came were very spiritual people. They were connected to land and creation through the great spirit, there was a good great and a great evil spirit... And Satan was the great evil one. So there wasn't much difference in what the missionaries brought and what we already had... Wadjularbinna Doomadgee, Gungalidda Leader, Gulf of Carpentaria, 1996
Since the European colonisation of Australia, Indigenous Australians have had contact with missionaries and their missions. This relationship has been a difficult one. In some instances missions became instruments of government policy, engaging in practices such as forcibly separating Aboriginal children from their families in order to maximise control over the child's education into Christian ways and beliefs. In this way, missions contributed to the suppression of Aboriginal cultural practices and languages.
However, not all missions were agents of government policies. Some respected Aboriginal ways of life and the importance of ceremonies and cultural practices.
The Dreaming means our identity as people. The cultural teaching and everything, that's part of our lives here, you know?... it's the understanding of what we have around us. Merv Penrith, Elder, Wallaga Lake, 1996
The Dreaming has different meanings for different Aboriginal people. It is a complex network of knowledge, faith and practices that derive from stories of creation, and it dominates all spiritual and physical aspects of Aboriginal life. The Dreaming sets out the structures of society, the rules for social behaviour and the ceremonies performed in order to maintain the life of the land.
It governed the way people lived and how they should behave. Those who did not follow the rules were punished.
The Dreaming or Dreamtime is often used to describe the time when the earth and humans and animals were created. The Dreaming is also used by individuals to refer to their own dreaming or their community's dreaming.
During the Dreaming, ancestral spirits came to earth and created the landforms, the animals and plants. The stories tell how the ancestral spirits moved through the land creating rivers, lakes and mountains. Today we know the places where the ancestral spirits have been and where they came to rest. There are explanations of how people came to Australia and the links between the groups throughout Australia. There are explanations about how people learnt languages and dance and how they came to know about fire.
In essence, the Dreaming comes from the land. In Aboriginal society, people did not own the land it was part of them and it was part of their duty to respect and look after mother earth.
The Dreaming did not end with the arrival of Europeans but simply entered a new phase. It is a powerful living force that must be maintained and cared for.
Dreaming Stories
What are Dreaming Stories about?
Dreaming stories vary throughout Australia and there are different versions on the same theme. For example, the story of how the birds got their colours is different in New South Wales and in Western Australia.
Stories cover many themes and topics. There are stories about creation of sacred places, landforms, people, animals and plants. There are also stories of language or the first use of fire. In more recent times there are stories telling of the arrival of the first Europeans on ships or stories about trading with Macassan fisherman in northern Australia.
The Tracks of Life
The journey of the Spirit Ancestors across the land are recorded in Dreaming tracks. A Dreaming track joins a number of sites which trace the path of an Ancestral Being as it moved through the landscape, forming its features, creating its flora and fauna and laying down the Laws. One of these Spirit Ancestors is the Rainbow Serpent, whose Dreaming track is shared by many Aboriginal communities across Australia.
"And that... is the resting place of the Rainbow Serpent, and all of the gullies and all of the lagoon itself was about the Rainbow Serpent created after he had created the universe and all the dry gullies is the tracks that he's made looking for a resting place."
Carl McGrady, Aboriginal Education Assistant, Boggabilla, describing the path of the Rainbow Serpent at Boobera Lagoon, northern New South Wales, 1996.
The Rainbow Serpent is represented as a large, snake-like creature, whose Dreaming track is always associated with watercourses, such as billabongs, rivers, creeks and lagoons. It is the protector of the land, its people, and the source of all life. However, the Rainbow Serpent can also be a destructive force if it is not properly respected.
The Rainbow Serpent is a consistent theme in Aboriginal painting and has been found in rock art up to 6000 years old. The Rainbow Serpent is a powerful symbol of the creative and destructive power of nature. Most paintings of Rainbow Serpents tell the story of the creation of the landscape particular to an artist's birthplace. Some aspects of Rainbow Serpent stories are restricted to initiated persons but generally, the image had been very public. Today, most artists add personal clan designs to the bodies of Rainbow Serpents, symbolising links between the artist and the land.
The Mimi Spirits
The Mimi are tall, thin beings that live in the rocky escarpment of northern Australia as spirits. Before the coming of Aboriginal people they had human forms. The Mimi are generally harmless but on occasions can be mischievous.
When Aboriginal people first came to northern Australia, the Mimi taught them how to hunt and cook kangaroos and other animals. They also did the first rock paintings and taught Aboriginal people how to paint.
The Tagai
"I'm as much a Torres Strait Islander irrespective of where I live because my feelings of being a Torres Strait Islander live inside me. It is not predicated by what is outside me, it is determined with my feelings and my spirituality."
Bilyana Blomely, Academic Co-ordinator, Lismore 1996
The people throughout the Torres Strait are united by their connection to the Tagai. The Tagai consists of stories which are the cornerstone of Torres Strait Islanders' spiritual beliefs. These stories focus on the stars and identify Torres Strait Islanders as sea people who share a common way of life. The instructions of the Tagai provide order in the world, ensuring that everything has a place.
One Tagai story depicts the Tagai as a man standing in a canoe. In his left hand, he holds a fishing spear, representing the Southern Cross. In his right hand, he holds a sorbi (a red fruit). In this story, the Tagai and his crew of 12 are preparing for a journey. But before the journey begins, the crew consume all the food and drink they planned to take. So the Tagai strung the crew together in two groups of six and cast them into the sea, where their images became star patterns in the sky. These patterns can be seen in the star constellations of Pleiades and Orion.
Changing it and changing with it. The land was not just soil or rocks or minerals, but a whole environment that sustains, and is sustained, by people and culture.
I feel with my body. Feeling all these trees, all this country. When this blow you can feel it. Same for country... you feel it, you can look, but feeling... that make you. Big Bill Neidjie, Gagudju Elder, Kakadu
For Indigenous Australians the land is the core of all spirituality and this relationship has been deeply misunderstood over the past 200 years or so. This relationship is central to all issues that are important to Indigenous people today.
When European colonisers first arrived in Australia they encountered an unfamiliar land occupied by people they didn't understand. As they didn't understand the peoples' society and their land 'ownership' system, Australia was deemed to be 'terra nullius' and the land was claimed by the British. However Indigenous people fought, and are still fighting, for their land and their lives. The history of these battles is not often told but they involved hundreds of incidents and thousands of people. These stories form a part of the untold history of Australia.
It is my father's land, my grandfather's land, my grandmother's land. I am related to it, it give me my identity. If I don't fight for it, then I will be moved out of it and [it] will be the loss of my identity. Father Dave Passi, Plaintiff, 'Mabo' Case in 'Land bilong Islander' 1990
The history of the struggle for land rights goes back to the earliest days of the European occupation of Australia. These struggles too were often resolved through violence as Indigenous people were progressively dispossessed of their land.
The struggle for land rights continues today through the legal and political systems. Some important legal milestones have been reached which show that arrangements based on cultural sensitivity and respect can be successful for all Australians.
It is imperative in today's world that the common law should neither be nor be seen to be frozen in an age of racial discrimination. From the High Court's judgement on the Native Title or 'Mabo' Case, 1992
On 3 June 1992 the High Court of Australia handed down its decision in Mabo vs The State of Queensland, ruling that the treatment of Indigenous property rights based on the principle of terra nullius was wrong and racist.
The Court ruled that Indigenous ownership of land has survived where it has not been extinguished by a valid act of government and where Aboriginal people have maintained traditional law and links with the land. This legal recognition of Indigenous ownership is called Native Title. The Court ruled that in each case native title must be determined by reference to the traditions and customary law of the Indigenous owners of the land.
Eddie Mabo
"Island people have their own portions of land which are handed down through generations and with my dad's claim, he was denied access to his land through the government and he said "Why? We all have our right to our own lands. I can show you where my boundaries are."
Gail Mabo, Torres Strait Islander, Kempsey, 1996.
In 1982, Eddie Mabo and four other Torres Strait Islander people went to the High Court of Australia claiming that their island, Mer (Murray Island), had been continuously inhabited and exclusively possessed by them, therefore, they were the true owners. They acknowledged that the British Crown had exercised sovereignty when it annexed the islands, but claimed that their land rights had not been validly extinguished.
On June 3 1992, the High Court decided in favour of Eddie Mabo and the other plaintiffs. But Eddie Mabo never heard the ruling, as he died of cancer in January of that year.
The fight for Land Rights
The Aboriginal Tent Embassy
The first 'Aboriginal Tent Embassy', also known as the 'tent embassy', was established on the lawns of what is now Old Parliament House, on Australia Day, 26 January, 1972. It was called the 'embassy' in order to symbolise the feeling of many Indigenous people that they were essentially foreigners in their own country. The Aboriginal Flag was flown over the 'tent embassy'.
The embassy provided a focus for Indigenous peoples' campaigns for land rights and social justice, as well as a meeting place for all people interested in the issues. It was forcibly removed by police on several occasions, but rebuilt each time. It remained in place until 1975 when its removal was negotiated.
In January 1992, another 'embassy' was established on the same lawns to draw attention to claims for land rights. This is a replica of the 1992 embassy and is still there today.
Wreck Bay
The Wreck Bay community on the south coast of New South Wales, was the first community outside the Northern Territory or Queensland to have traditional land returned.
Wreck Bay is located along a track which Aboriginal people had used for centuries when travelling along the coast, for special occasions and ceremonies, or in recent times, looking for work. The community began as a temporary camp in the mid 1880s, and by 1900 had become permanent, though it residents remained highly mobile.
From the beginning of the twentieth century until 1987 the land was under the control of various Commonwealth and State authorities. In 1954 the community came under the control of the Commonwealth once more. In 1975, after much community lobbying to regain control of their land, the Commonwealth offered the people a lease over the reserve. The community rejected this offer and were eventually successful in winning full title to the land in 1987. Since then, the land has been managed by the Wreck Bay Community Council.
In 1995, the Community Council also obtained title over Jervis Bay Commonwealth National Park. The Council has leased this area back to the Federal Government for use by all Australians.
The issue of Aboriginal land rights was first brought to national attention in 1966, when 200 Gurindji stockmen, domestics and their families walked off the Wave Hill cattle station in the Northern Territory demanding better wages and conditions. The strike, led by Vincent Lingiari, was the catalyst for two decades of struggle as Gurindji people battled to regain control of traditional lands and establish their own cattle station.
In 1967, Gurindji people petitioned the Governor-General, claiming 1295 square kilometres of land near Wave Hill. Their claim was rejected, but in 1975, they won a lease for their land. This, along with 90 square kilometres of land voluntarily surrendered by Wave Hill owners, became Dagaragu cattle station.
In 1985, following a recommendation from Justice Toohey of the Aboriginal Land Commission that the Gurindji be granted traditional land adjacent to Dagaragu, the Gurindji lease was converted to freehold.
The decision was an important milestone in the land rights struggle - as was Dagaragu, the first Aboriginal owned and managed cattle station.
Noonkanbah
"To expect us to tell you everything in our Law in one day is arrogant. The State Government has not given us a proper hearing... Instead of talking you should have been listening; instead of assuming you had all the knowledge, you should have been trying to learn."
Yungngora Community letter to Premier Court, Western Australia.
In 1971 the Yungngora people employed on Noonkanbah station walked off in protest over poor pay and conditions. Then in 1976, the Aboriginal Land Fund Commission bought Noonkanbah station for the Yungngora community, and the work of revitalising the station under Aboriginal management was begun.
In May 1978, the Yungngora community learned that an exploration company was intending to drill on areas sacred to them. The Yungngora people offered to show drillers alternative sites from the sacred areas. This was refused.
The Western Australian Government was determined that the exploration should proceed and claimed that the religious beliefs of the Yungngora had been "trumped up" or inspired by outside influences.
After court action by the Aboriginal Legal Service, the mining company was required to protect the sacred places. When this was not done satisfactorily, the community blocked access. Elders used media coverage of the blockade to explain their religious beliefs and the importance of the sites. In April 1980, the drillers were finally forced to leave the site.
In August 1981, the Western Australian Government enforced, by law, its rights to oil exploration drilling. The Government provided a heavy police escort so that drilling could continue in the area of the sacred site. The Yungngora resisted peacefully but in vain. Many were arrested and the drilling went ahead.
No oil was discovered.
Uluru is an important place for Aboriginal peoples of the Central Desert. It is a symbol of Australia and a major tourist attraction. When Uluru was returned to Indigenous owners in 1985, it also became an important symbol in development of co-operative relations between government and Aboriginal people.
The largest stone monolith on earth, Uluru was named 'Ayres Rock' by explorer William Grosse in 1875. Regarded as economically useless, Uluru and Kata Tjuta (the Olgas) were included in the South West Aboriginal Reserve in 1920. In 1958, Uluru and Kata Tjuta were excised from the reserve and declared a national park.
In 1985, the Commonwealth Government made an agreement with the traditional owners of Uluru and Kata Tjuta where the freehold title to the park area was to be vested in the Uluru Kata Tjuta Land Trust, which would then lease the park back to the National Parks and Wildlife Service.
Tourism in the park has continued to increase since the handover. The Uluru Kata Tjuta Land Trust has developed plans which aim to preserve the area's heritage value, safeguard the interests of the local Mutijulu community and protect the many sacred sites of the park.
Terra nullius
What is terra nullius?
Terra nullius is a Latin term meaning 'land belonging to no one'. When colonising Australia, the British Government used this term to justify the dispossession of Indigenous people. The British colonists did not recognise the land was being used as Indigenous people did not use the land in the same way as the British. The British saw no evidence of agricultural, social or religious structure like their own, and therefore incorrectly concluded that Indigenous people did not own the land but simply roamed it. By using the principle of terra nullius, the British Government claimed sovereignty over Australia, ignoring the rights of Indigenous people who had lived there for at least 60 000 years.
The common law of this country would perpetuate injustice if it were to continue to embrace the notion of terra nullius and persist in characterising the Indigenous inhabitants of the Australian colonies as people too low in the scale of social organisation to be acknowledged as possessing rights and interests in land. Justice Brennan of the High Court of Australia
Indigenous Land Use
My own education was a Yolngu education. It took place with our large family group living in the places on our land that hold special importance for us. With Mum and Dad we went from place to place and every place had its stories. Mandawuy Yunupingu, Artist/Performer, Arnhem Land, Boyer Lectures,1993
Over thousands of years Indigenous people have lived in Australia developing a unique system for signposting and marking the land. This system is interconnected with stories of the Dreaming and Spirit Ancestors. Indigenous people use natural features of the landscape to identify and mark the land and its significance. Many Indigenous children learn these "mental maps" of their countries and about how places relate to each other and to people.
Dreaming Tracks
"Our story is in the land... it is written in those sacred places, that's the law. Dreaming place... you can't change it, no matter who you are."
Big Bill Neidjie, Gagadju Elder, Kakadu, 'Australia's Kakadu Man Bill Neidjie' 1986.
Dreaming tracks trace the creative journey of the Spirit Ancestors as they formed the land and laid down the Law. Dreaming tracks are sometimes called 'songlines' and record the travels of the Spirit Ancestors who 'sung up' the country into life. It is believed that performing the right songs and ceremonies at points along the Dreaming track gives people direct access to the Dreaming.
Many Aboriginal communities travel along Dreaming tracks with their young people, telling the stories of the sites. They explain and perform ceremonies to educate the young people about their country and their Dreaming.
Toas are carved wooden and painted objects once used by the Dieri people who live near Lake Eyre in South Australia. They are thought to have been placed in the ground as directional markers, but their true purpose remains a mystery. Their painted tops take many forms. The shape of birds heads, animals, objects such as boomerangs or abstract designs. At the turn of the last century, missionaries made large collections of them.
A Land of Plenty
"A lot of people say Aboriginal people never farmed the land... never ploughed the land and they never grew wheat and they never planted apple tres and orange trees. We never had to. Our mother, the earth, she gave herself freely to us. And because we respected her and loved her, we never had to go and do all them other things. That would have been harming our mother. So we just took what she gave us."
Paul Gordon, Language Officer, Brewarrina, 1996.
Indigenous people accumulated a vast store of knowledge of plants and animals and of the foods and medicines they provided. Aboriginal people call these foods and medicines, bush tucker and bush medicine. There is a huge variety of bush tucker and bush medicine all over Australia for people who know where to find it.
The disruption of Indigenous communities and families during the conquest of Australia resulted in the loss of information about collecting, preparing and using bush medicine. However, as western societies are becoming more and more interested in other forms of healing and natural remedies, efforts are being made to record and publish Indigenous peoples' knowledge of bush tucker and bush medicine.
The sea, rivers and waterways of Australia have always played an important role in many Indigenous Australian lives. People first arrived in Australia after crossing 60 kilometres of ocean on crude rafts. They lived along the coasts, then moved inland following rivers an streams. Over time, a wide variety of boats, rafts and other forms of transport were developed, along with fish spears, harpoons, fish hooks and nets for fishing. It is thought that some fishing and boat building technology to have first been introduced by seafaring peoples from the islands to the north of Australia, while other forms were developed in Australia.
Hunting Implements
A variety of tools were developed for hunting and gathering of food. These included spears, boomerangs, clubs, nets, traps, and more recently, rifles. Spears were probably adopted soon after the first Australians arrived in Australia, while boomerangs have been used for at least 10 000 years. Spear throwers and more elaborate fish and animal traps are more recent, some forms dating back a few hundred or a thousand years. In the past, each cultural group made different types of tools, sometimes painting or incising them with clan designs or personal designs.
Bush Food and Medicine
Nutritional studies show that much bush tucker is high in nutrients. Some native grain seeds that Aboriginal people grind into flour have far higher levels of iron, zinc and fibre than wholemeal flour or rice, and the wild plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana) is possibly the world's riches source of vitamin C.
Most bush medicine consists of barks, roots and leaves, but non-herbal materials such as animals and minerals are also used. Bush medicine is often administrated in conjunction with ceremonies. Although many Aboriginal people know remedies for everyday ailments, older women are recognised as the experts in bush medicine.
Australia's Untold Stories
Pemulwuy - New South Wales
Pemulwuy was the first of the Aboriginal resistance fighters. Between 1790 and 1802, Pemulwuy waged a guerrilla war on the young colony of New South Wales. This was in response to the invasion of his country, the killing of his people and the restriction of his peoples' food sources caused by the British.
Pemulwuy planned and carried out several 'lightning' or guerilla attacks against the European settlements in the Parramatta and Toongabbie areas.
Pemulwuy was a strong, charismatic leader with a fierce determination to rid his land of the European settlers. He was able to organise his people into a force of more than 100 warriors. The early Governors of the colony recognised Pemulwuy as a threat and sent large parties of soldiers to protect the settlers.
After years of resisting and evading the authorities, Pemulwuy was eventually shot and captured in 1802 and died of his wounds shortly after.
Pemulwuy's reputation as an elusive and powerful leader was so great, that as proof of his death, his head was removed from his body and placed in a bottle of spirits. It was later sent to Sir Joseph Banks, the botanist who sailed into Botany Bay with Captain James Cook in 1770.
Waterloo Creek - New South Wales
In late 1837 and early 1838, Major James Nunn of the New South Wales Mounted Police led an expedition into northern New South Wales to resolve complaints by settles about attacks by Aboriginal people.
Nunn was instructed by the Acting Governor, Lieutenant-Colonel Snodgrass, to:
"act according to your judgement and use the utmost exertion to suppress these outrages. There are a thousand blacks there, and if they are not stopped, we may have them presently within the boundaries."
Nunn's expedition travelled widely looking for Aboriginal people believed responsible for the 'outrages'. They eventually cornered a group of Aboriginal people at Waterloo Creek and in a 'battle' lasting ten minutes, massacred 40-50 people. The exact number is not known. Nunn's party then continued its murderous path for the next three days, killing every Aboriginal person it encountered.
On their return journey to Sydney, Nunn and his party were welcomed like heroes by towns along the way.
Myall Creek - New South Wales
In early May 1838, 28 Kwiambal people camping on the Myall Creek station, were murdered by a posse of heavily armed men who had been out hunting Aboriginal people. Most of those killed were women and children.
Eleven men were eventually arrested and tried for murder on 15 November 1838, amid an atmosphere of anger over white men being tried for murder of Aboriginal people. In summing up the case, the Chief Justice said:
"It is clear that the most grievous offence has been committed; the lives of nearly thirty of our fellow creatures have been sacrificed, and in order to fulfil my duty, I must tell you that the life of a black is as precious and valuable in the eye of the law as that of the highest noble in the land."
In spite of the overwhelming evidence, the jury found all eleven men not guilty with only 15 minutes deliberation. However, a second trial was ordered amid great public indignation. This time, only seven men were accused. They were found guilty of murder and hanged. They were the first Europeans to be executed for killing Aboriginal people.
The gaoled men were not even aware they had broken the law, because killing Aborigines was commonly considered a frontier sport.
The Blackline - Tasmania
Tasmania is Australia's second oldest colony, therefore its Aboriginal population experienced early effects of colonisation and were constantly on the 'front line' of violence and reprisal. Random killings and massacres of Aboriginal people were commonplace and Aboriginal people responded in kind. The colonial administrators saw the only answer to the problem of racial violence was removal of the Aboriginal people to reserves or islands out of the way of European settlement.
'The Blackline' is the name given to a systematic attempt by Tasmania's Governor Arthur in 1830 to capture large numbers of Aboriginal people. The strategy involved 2200 soldiers and settlers marching through the bush in a closely packed continuous line. They forced the Aboriginal people in front of them, towards the Tasman Peninsula, where they could be rounded up and captured. This massive effort captured two Aboriginal people - one elderly man and a crippled boy.
Despite the failure of 'the Blackline' the process of removing Aboriginal people to islands continued. On the islands Aboriginal people died in great numbers because of European diseases, poor food and accommodation, ill treatment and, sometimes murder.
Kalkadoon - Queensland
The Kalkadoon people of the Mt Isa region of western Queensland first came into contact with the advancing European pastoralists and miners in the mid 1860s. At first the Kalkadoon people worked with the Europeans as guides and labourers. But as the number of settlers and their stock increased, the competition for the land's resources became more intense, leading to conflict.
The Kalkadoon people began a campaign of guerrilla warfare against the settlers and their stock from about 1871 to 1884. The Kalkadoon gained a reputation as ferocious warriors with an ability to vanish into the bush.
In 1884, the Kalkadoon people killed five Native Police and a prominent pastoralist. The Queensland Government responded by sending a large contingent of heavily armed police to confront the Kalkadoon. The Kalkadoon had retreated to a defensive position now known as 'Battle Mountain'. After fierce resistance the Kalkadoon succumbed to the greater firepower of the police.
It is estimated that 900 Kalkadoon people were killed during the six years that they fought to protect their land.
Jandamarra - Western Australia
One of the most complex figures of early Aboriginal resistance is Jandamarra. He was a Punuba man who lived in the Kimberley region of northern Western Australia from 1870-1897. In his early years he lived and worked as a respected stockman.
In 1889 after his initiation Jandamarra met an older Punuba man called Ellemarra and became more aware of the problems being caused by the settlers and their sheep. In 1888 there was a serious drought and the Punuba people were suffering. This was because of the arrival of the Europeans and their sheep had destroyed much of the food and water supplies that the Punuba protected to help them in times of drought. As a result the Punuba needed to hunt sheep to live.
Ellamarra, still considered a young man by his people, knew a lot about the Punuba law and was greatly respected by the younger men. Ellemarra was a natural leader - a good warrior and he was not afraid to stand up to the invaders. He taught Jandamarra and the other young men much about their law.
Jandamarra and Ellemarra were captured in 1889 when Jandamarra walked up to a number of police troopers he knew, and they tricked him into guiding them to his campsite. Jandamarra didn't know that he was wanted by the police. His old employer had laid charges against him for killing a sheep in May 1889, annoyed that Jandamarra had not return to the station after his initiation. The police dropped the charges against him and he returned to stock work. He eventually became a police tracker. He later helped police capture Ellemarra and 16 other Punuba warriors.
Jandamarra was scorned by his people for helping the police capture Ellemarra, so he assisted Ellemarra and the other warriors to escape. During the escape, Jandamarra shot a policeman. He joined the band of escapees and began a campaign to rid the area of European settlers. Colonial authorities responded by sending 30 police to capture Jandamarra and the band. In the battle that followed at Windjana Gorge Jandamarra was injured but managed to escape. He continued to taunt police and was soon believed immortal by his people. His campaign came to an end in 1897 when, after another skirmish with police, he was tracked and shot dead by an Aboriginal trooper.
Jandamarra is still remembered by his people as a defender of Aboriginal rights.
Discover the diversity of boomerangs in the Museum's collection, and learn about these distinctive cultural objects.
Boomerang forms
Why a boomerang flies
Discover this extensive collection of images taken in the Pacific from 1876 to 1980.
Frank Hurley
WL Waterhouse
Aboriginal people of coastal Sydney
Research revealing the rich and complex culture of Aboriginal people in the Port Jackson region.
Fishing culture
Cultural collection donation
What you can expect as a potential donor to the Australian Museum cultural collections.
Items we are currently acquiring
Potential donation contact
Built in partnership with local Aboriginal Elders and communities, GADI showcased the rich culture and history of the Country now known as Sydney City. It featured rare objects, new cultural material made by Gadigal Elders, stories, film, songs and 8,000 archaeological pieces.
Award winning exhibition
Aboriginal toys
Toys were designed to amuse and educate children, and also to prepare them for adulthood. The toys in our collection were acquired between 1885 and 2018, and are made from various materials.
Our collections represent living cultures with thousands of artworks, cultural technologies and archaeological material from across Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia.
Ancient Egyptian collection
The Australian Museum's Egyptian Collection includes over one thousand objects. It is probably the largest public collection of Egyptian antiquities in Australia.
Ancient Egyptian Timeline
Discover the richness and diversity of cultural material and objects in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander collection.
Cultural objects, art & technology
A small collection from a cultural giant.
Chinese scroll painting
Bronze objects
Nestorian Stele
In 1884, the Museum acquired nearly 100 cultural objects of the Zulu people, South Africa. Learn more about the collection material originally from Africa.
Zulu shields
Stone Hand Axes from Somalia
Melanesian collections
The Melanesian cultural area is the nearest neighbour of Australian and the museum holds a significant collection of cultural material from Melanesian nations. | {
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Google has launched a slick, new version of its Google News service for tablets like the iPad and the Google Nexus 7.
The popular portal, which aggregates trending stories from around the web, has a new spacious design, which highlights the lead article from a particular news item, rather than a list of multiple sources.
Users can then choose to 'Explore in depth' to view related stories from a host of other online sources.
The company has also included neat swiping gestures, allowing users to move freely between the various news categories (sport, business, technology, etc.).
If users are looking at a story 'In depth' then a swipe to the left and right will switch to the next story, while staying within the in-depth view.
Product manager Mayuresh Saoji claimed on the Google News Blog that the new UI was akin to flipping through a newspaper.
He wrote: "There's something special about reading news on your tablet.
"Indeed, swiping through articles brings to mind the familiar feeling of flipping through a favorite magazine or newspaper. Starting today, Google News feels even more natural and fluid on tablet devices."
Websites currently receive over 6 billion referrals a month from the Google News portal.
The update is only appearing on the news.google.com portal at the moment and doesn't appear to have rolled out to the regional offerings as yet. | {
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Hand-blocked and hand-painted batik shirt in symbolic and auspicious motifs in chinese culture. The dragonfly heralds new beginnings, whilst the Azalea flower represents happiness and when in bloom evoke warm passion for life.
Made in cotton-silk fabric which is 100% natural and breathable. Finished with shell buttons. | {
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Located in the heart of Umbria countryside, the property is characterized by an extension of about 120 hectares. Dating back to the Middle Ages, the property offers 70 comfortable rooms, 5 meeting rooms accommodating up to 250 persons and a theatre for 100 persons.
The staff can also arrange team building activities, with cooking lesson or music performances thanks to 2 professional recording rooms where you can record your CD as a souvenir. | {
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Q: MySql: Is it reasonable to use 'view' or I would better denormalize my DB? There is 'team_sector' table with following fields: Id, team_id, sect_id, size, level
It contains few records for each 'team' entity (referenced with 'team_id' field). Each record represent sector of team's stadium (totally 8 sectors).
Now it is necessary to implement few searches:
*
*by overall stadium size (SUM(size));
*the best quality (SUM(level)/COUNT(*)).
I could create query something like this:
SELECT TS.team_id, SUM(TS.size) as OverallSize, SUM(TS.Level)/COUNT(TS.Id) AS QualityLevel
FROM team_sector
GROUP BY team_id
ORDER BY OverallSize DESC / ORDER BY QualityLevel DESC
But my concern here is that calculation for each team will be done each time on query performed. It is not too big overhead (at least now), but I would like to avoid performance issues later.
I see 2 options here.
The 1st one is to create 2 additional fields in 'team' table (for example) and store there OverallSize and QualityLevel fields. If information if 'sector' table is changed - update those table too (probably would be good to do that with triggers, as sector table doesn't change too often).
The 2nd option is to create a view that will provide required data.
The 2nd option seems much easier for me, but I don't have a lot of experience/knowledge of work with views.
Q1: What is the best option from your perspective here and why? Probably you could suggest other options?
Q2: Can I create view in such way that it will do calculations rarely (at least once per day)? If yes - how?
Q3: Is it reasonable to use triggers for such purpose (1st option).
P.S. MySql 5.1 is used, overall number of teams is around 1-2 thousand, overall number of records in sector table - overall 6-8 thousand. I understand, those numbers are pretty small, but I would like to implement the best practice here.
A: I wouldn't add calculated fields to your source tables. Keep your source data separate from calculated data by using temporary tables instead. You can use a one-to-one mapping identified by shared PK to increase performance by reducing indexes and such (so the PK of the source rows equals the PK of the rows in the calculated table).
The upside is when you rebuild the DB, it's clear that the calculated data is stale by the absence of the tables. It also allows shortcuts such as clearing all the calculated data by simply dropping the temp tables, for instance by a cron job. In that manner, the calculated data rows might also keep a timestamp of when the data was calculated. In that manner, if the max cache period was expired, the calculated data could be recalculated on the fly, as it is loaded, or as a batch at night, when the servers are quiet.
A: A few (ten)thousand records are nothing you should be worried about.
Best practices are
*
*store data in a normalized fashion and let the database engine handle calculations
*index your data properly, do an index maintenance now and then
*avoid storing aggregated values with "parent" records
*do some result caching in the application layer to avoid hitting the DB server more often than necessary
*deal with performance issues when you get them
Yes, the database will calculate the SUM() whenever the view/query is executed, but I would expect results to be pretty instant for the scenario you describe.
If you encounter a really complicated view that takes a long time to calculate and and you cannot find any way to optimize your tables any further, you can introduce a helper table that is filled with the view results regularly (or via triggers) and and query that table instead of the slow view.
IMHO, anticipating possible performance bottlenecks and "closing" them before they actually show up is wasting your time.
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The Descendant of Christ Fights in TOP COW Ongoing Series
By Chris Arrant March 3, 2010 11:49am ET
The Descendant of Christ Hits TOP COW
The key tenant in the superhero genre is the struggle of good versus evil. Many call these muscled marvels and sleek supeheroines the modern-day version of Greek Gods. But in an upcoming new series from Top Cow, they take their inspiration from a different set of gods – or should I say God.
In the upcoming series Magdelana, Top Cow is letting a long-time featured character of theirs take root. The series, a superheroic take on a rumored bloodline that traces itself back to Jesus Christ, is one part DaVinci Code and one part Wonder Woman.
In Top Cow lore, the women who have taken up the role of Magdalena for the Catholic Church were sprung out of a godly lineage, going back to Mary Magdalena, the reputed wife of Jesus Christ according to some. Mary Magdalene gave birth to a daughter, Sarah, and started the bloodline that continues to this day with the current Magdalena, Patience. The Magdalena through history have acted as warriors and protectors of the Catholic Church.
These daughters of Mary Magdalene hold the ability to peer into the human heart and give second chances for those who have performed ill deeds. In addition to these powers, the Catholic Church has entrusted her with the Spear of Destiny, the legendary spear which once pierced the side of Christ, and acts as a formidable holy weapon against evil spirits and the like.
But the current Magdalena, Patience, has rebelled against the portentous ways of her controllers of the modern-day Catholic Church, and for the first time Patience is on her own. The story of Magdalena has been chronicled for years at Top Cow with various one-shots, crossovers, miniseries and guest appearances, and now for the first time ever the Magdalena has her own ongoing series.
Top Cow's main architect, Ron Marz, is joined by Top Cow studio artist Nelson Blake II to plot the future of the publisher's holy heroine and the series which is scheduled to debut on April 28th.
Newsarama: Ron, we can tell you've been anxious to work with this character, especially after seeing how you portrayed her when she popped up in Witchblade and First Born. Is this something you've been aiming towards for awhile?
Ron Marz: Magdalena was what I actually asked to do after I'd finished up my first job for Top Cow, which was a Darkness arc. They asked what I wanted to do, I said Magdalena, and the answer was, "Sound great. How 'bout you do Witchblade instead?" So Magdalena has been on the back burner for me for a while, which is good. It makes a lot more sense to take the time to get the right team at the right time, rather than rush out a book that's less than we want it to be.
Nrama: You've been quoted as saying that you think Magdalena was the best character in the Top Cow stable – that's big words, Mr. Marz. Can you tell us why?
Marz: It's a simple concept: a descendent of Jesus and Mary Magdalene serves as the Catholic Church's monster hunter. It gives the character a logical reason to do what she does. There's something to consistently propel the story forward, because this is essentially her job. There's always another assignment waiting for her. There's also a history built into the concept, which is something that appeals to me. She has the Spear of Destiny. And the Magdalena costume design, with the black-and-red color scheme, is a classic look. What's not to love?
Nrama: So what can you tell us about the new series then, Ron?
Marz: This isn't a reboot, we're picking up with what's current for the character. But it's definitely a ground-floor read. As much as I admire the concept and design of Magdalena, the previous mini-series were a bit scattershot in terms of the stories. We're not putting the lie to anything that goes before, but we're starting fresh. The current Magdalena, Patience, has broken away from the Church because she refuses to be a pawn, a disposable cog. Obviously the Church isn't happy that she's gone rogue. That's where we pick up, with Patience as a freelance operative. But the Church uncovers a threat that's large enough -- apocalyptic enough -- that Patience is really the only person to deal with it. So she's put in the position of having to choose between turning her back on the Church, or working with it for the greater good. This first arc is six issues. We wanted to start with a story that was big enough for the kind of action we want to do, and have plenty of room for the characters beats.
Nrama: Nelson, have you had any conversations with Ron or the editors to get on the same page in terms of how you'll be depicting Magdalena and the world the book is in?
Nelson Blake II: I talk to Obi-Ron all the time. When you have a writer with that much experience and storytelling acumen, you have to talk his ear off at every opportunity. Ron and I have extensive conversations about character roles, and how we portray good and evil in the series. The archplot of Magdalena is a story of good versus evil. That's a driving force in the story, because when she picks up that spear, she is taking up the mantle of a true hero. Individual characters and situations may have moral complexities, but this is a big story, with strong, polar archetypes. Filip Sablik has an excellent sense of this, and I don't hesitate to interrupt his morning coffee to utilize his gifts in this area. Phil Smith does all of our production and went to school for illustration, so his eye is as sharp as they come.
Nrama: We've seen several incarnations of Magdalena, and this new series shows the last – Patience --- continuing on. What can you tell us about her?
Marz: Her life prior to becoming the Magdalena was cloistered, so Patience is still getting used to the wider world. The Church wanted her to be an obedient servant, but she bristled at the control the Church tried to exert over her. She's on her own now, but finding she's not terribly well equipped to deal with the world. She used to facing down supernatural threats, but the flip side of that is she can also be incredibly naive. That's the difference between Patience and someone like Sara Pezzini in Witchblade, who is more cynical and world-weary. There's still innocence to Patience.
Nrama: Patience is the fourth Magdalena we've seen in a lineage that goes back to the birth of Christ. Will you be exploring that at all in the series?
Marz: I'm a big history buff, so I'd like to reach back and do some stories about previous Magdalenas, but that's something for down the road. For now, I want to concentrate on Patience and spend the time making her into someone the audience cares about.
Nrama: This character draws heavily on the faith and trappings of the Catholic Church. If I may be so blunt, guys, are either of you Catholic?
Marz: No, I'm not. I'm not terribly religious, but when I went to church as a kid, it was Protestant. That's kind of like Catholicism without all the bells and whistles and design sense. Maybe that's why I find all the pomp and circumstance of the Catholic Church so fascinating. Whenever I've attended a Catholic service, I've been struck by performance aspect of it, how elaborate it all is. But even beyond that, the history of the Vatican is particularly fascinating. The intrigues, the power struggles. In some ways I think you can find both the best and worst of mankind in the Vatican's history.
Blake: I think "Christian faith" aspect of the story is more symbolic than anything else. The TC world has its own mythology, and Magdalena is not a gospel, derivative of a gospel, nor is it a vehicle made to edulcorate Catholic mythology. Sure, we have crosses all over the place, but the very origin of the character splits from Church doctrine. I haven't checked recently, but I don't think Catholics have signed off on Jesus having coitus with Mary Magdalene, and conceiving a child with her. From a story standpoint, Patience's values and priorities don't always fall in line with the Church. This history and actions of the Church are not those of her great (great, great etc..) grandfather's, and this causes a dissonance with her and the Vatican. Patience doesn't fully understand her legacy yet, but I think that's one of the most interesting parts of the story. She has to ask herself if great grandpa would agree with the Inquisition, with witch burnings, with the Crusades, with the conquistadors. In this story, just like in real life, the Church is an organization of man, by man, and wearing a cross doesn't automatically get you a good guy pass. There are truly good men in our Vatican, as well as flawed ones, so the Church is a setting in the story, but not a guiding religious principle. For myself, I'm an agnostic. I don't think you need to be a Christian to work on or enjoy Magdalena any more than you need to be a pagan to read or write a story with Hercules.
Nrama: With that in mind, was the ceremonious and biblical nature of Magdalena one of the things that drew you to the character – and ultimately writing this series?
Marz: It's definitely a factor, because that's something you're not going to get in most other books. Most of the books on the stands -- superhero books -- never deal with religion, or even just faith. Unless you're talking about Norse gods, I guess. But when it's done, and done well, like Daredevil's faith in Miller's Daredevil: Born Again, it really stands out.
Blake: One of my favorite things about Catholicism is the excellent imagery. Some of the most terrifying, awesome, beautiful and inspiring images and designs have come from Catholicism. It'll be a welcome challenge to bottle some of that up to enhance the book whenever I can.
Nrama: The religious overtones of Magdalena definitely add a new dimension to an adventure story. Where do you see that taking you with this series?
Marz: Well, hopefully nobody thinks this is going to be a theology text. The book is still about a kick-ass chick in a cool costume fighting monsters. But we'll definitely touch on matters of faith, and the role of organized religion in the world.
Nrama: In recent years you've become the key writer for the Top Cow universe of titles. Will Magadalena tie into the larger scope of the Top Cow universe with the Darkness and Witchblade?
Marz: Magdalena definitely takes place in the same universe as the The Darkness and Witchblade, and even Cyberforce. But I think it's important to let the book stand on its own, and establish its identity, before doing much in terms of guest stars. That said, Magdalena will play a fairly prominent role in this summer's Artifacts series, which I'm also writing. That's going to be a large-scale Top Cow Universe crossover.
Nrama: Previous to this you did a short story about Magdalena in First Born: Aftermath which showed Patience coming to grips with her decision to leave the Catholic Church. That was a good transition point -- and great art by Ryan Sook no less. Any chance to see that story reprinted to get people in the zone for this?
Marz: That's one of my favorite stories from my career, thanks to Ryan's insanely great art on it. I want to get that story in front of as many people as possible, since it really sets the tone for the series. Hopefully we can get it online or find some other way to release it widely.
Newsarama Note:Look for the complete Marz/Sook Magdalena story right here on Newsarama tomorrow, Thursday Mar 4, 2010. The story can also be found in the First Born: Broken Trinity Deluxe HC, available in stores now!
Nrama: Speaking of Ryan, he's going to be the cover artist as this series starts. WOW! Why do you think Sook seems so perfect for this character?
Marz: Well, there's not much Ryan isn't perfect for. I feel very lucky to have him involved. The way he uses light and shadow is amazing. That chiaroscuro sensibility had its origins in the Renaissance, which obviously means mainly religious paintings, so there's an artistic through line to it. There's no other artist I'd rather have doing covers for the series.
Nrama: The Magdalena has been passed down from a series of great artists, starting with Joe Benitez. Nelson, what do you think of the original character design – and what are you doing to make it your own in this new book?
Blake: Overall, I like the original design a lot. The costume evolved many times before I got here, and the version I take the most from is Ryan Sook's. Not only does Sook make everything look good, but his version fits the archetype of how I see the Magdalena. The hood is always going to be there, but the full body leather armor and judicious application of ornamental elements make the outfit more iconic than previous iterations. The job with Ryan's version wasn't to change the exterior of the uniform, but to work more inside out, deconstructing rather than constructing. I thought a lot about how she puts it on and takes it off, as well as the function of the existing parts. I built the costume in layers, from cloth "underclothes" all the way up to shell armor and cloak. Hopefully the story will provide opportunities to show this in specifics.
Nrama: And for the interiors, you're working with Nelson here. Is this your first collaboration with him? What made him the go-to guy for this book?
Marz: Nelson is a New York guy, I actually introduced him to Top Cow at the New York Comic Con a couple years ago. That turned into an invitation for him to join the studio in L.A., which he accepted. Once he got settled in, Nelson and I ended up working together on the Witchblade tie-in issue to the Broken Trinity event, so that really served as our warmup. There was a pretty extensive search to get the right artist on Magdalena, a lot of different options were considered. But as Nelson's Murderer pages for Pilot Season were coming in, it became pretty obvious that the right artist was sitting in the studio the whole time. And once Nelson got the gig, he completely threw himself into it, researching how to fight with a spear, how a cloak moves in an action sequence. Stylistically, Nelson also has a great feel for the play of shadows and light, which was an absolute necessity for this series. Top Cow has a pretty amazing tradition of introducing top-notch artists. Nelson is the next one.
Nrama: Top Cow announced last year that work was already underway on a movie adaptation of this. Is your comic series tying in with that at all?
Marz: No, same concept obviously, but they're separate entities. That said, I'm aware of the movie plot, and it's one of those ideas that makes you go, "Shit, why didn't I think of that?"
Nrama: Although she's been around for going on twelve years now, this is her first ongoing series. As a veteran writer who's launched characters, revived characters, and taken on big franchises – what are your goals to re-introduce the character to the comics readers?
Marz: Really, my goal is the same in any of those scenarios. I want to make the characters into people the audience cares about, and build a believable world around those characters. If the audience is not invested in the characters, and doesn't believe the world they inhabit, there's no reason to come back every month. So whether I'm creating something from whole cloth, or dealing with an established property, that's the job at hand. With Magdalena, all the pieces are in place to make that happen.
Top Cow's Marc Silvestri Talks Witchblade, Magdalena Films
Marz, Sook, & Simonson Weigh in on MAGDALENA
Look Inside TOP COW's 2010 Major Storylines
IDW PUBLISHING April 2018 Solicitations
IDW Publishing MARCH 2018 Solicitations | {
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Beautifully engraved historic certificate from the Lear Jet Corporation issued in 1978. This is a very difficult to find 5 1/2% convertible Subordinated $1,000 Debenture. This document was printed by the Security Columbian Banknote Company and has an ornate border around it with a vignette of the world's first true business jet aircraft, the Lear Jet Model 23. When Lear came up with the idea for a non-commercial jet plane, everyone thought he was crazy. His first jet could only carry 2 passengers.
This item has the printed signature of William Lear as President and is over 36 years old. The certificate shows the company name changes from Lear Jet Corporation to Lear Jet Industries to Gates Learjet Corporation.
William Lear 1902 - 1978 was the founder Lear Jet Corporation which was the first mass-manufacturer of business jet aircraft in the world. Lear also developed the automobile radio, the eight-track stereo tape player for automobiles, and the miniature automatic pilot for aircraft.
Born in Hannibal, Missouri, Lear attended public school in Chicago through the eighth grade. At age 16 he joined the Navy, where he learned radio electronics. Following World War I he took up flying. An early Lear design, a practical car radio, launched the Motorola Company. RCA purchased a radio amplifier design of Lear's, a universal unit usable in their entire line. Lear designed the eight-track player in the 1960s.
Lear began designing navigational aids for aircraft In the 1930s and under the names Lear Corp. and LearAvia Corporation filled more than $100 million in defense orders during World War II. After the war, he developed a lightweight automatic pilot. In 1962 he sold his interest in Lear, Inc. to form Learjet, which became the leading supplier of corporate jets within five years. After Learjet he devoted his energies to development of an antipollution steam engine. In the 1970s, his aircraft designs included the Canadair Challenger and the Lear Fan, an airplane built entirely from composites. Lear died during development of the Lear Fan, and although there were a number of advance orders it was never put into production. | {
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Calling all nurses interested in the health of Kentuckians. Consider being part of the solution and take a seat at the table. Get involved and make a difference.
Following are the names of the candidates nominated by the KPHA Nominating and Election Committee to fill the expiring terms of the directors and officers of KPHA, Inc. According to the bylaws, the nomination period will remain open for 30 additional days. As you can see below, we are in need of additional nominations for these positions. Please consider nominating yourself or submit the name of any other nominee to the Chair of the Nominating and Election Committee, Mark Hensley, [email protected]. Submissions must be signed by at least 20 current members of KPHA, Inc.
Hope you will join us for the 71th Annual KPHA Conference April 10-12 in Northern Kentucky! | {
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I'm loving Vogue Australia's natural approach for their September 2014 cover. Sure, there's hardly ever anything "natural" about a cover shoot, but Vogue Australia have captured a very easy going and relaxed moment here that comes pretty close to the real thing. Freja Beha Erichsen is the cover model for the September issue. Seen wearing Louis Vuitton, Freja sports natural makeup and casually curly hair. It's an easy going approach to the season and a nice change of pace from covers looking to win buyers with bright colours and over-dramatized settings. | {
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We are leading Saudi Women's rights activists and we write this open letter to you as a company that has made a name for itself among women drivers and which has built up a progressive brand image.
Subaru sponsors women's surf festivals, the U.S. Women's Triathlon Series, "Subaru Women's Week" packages for skiers and even the Outstanding Woman in Science Award for the Geological Society of America.
But while Subaru is marketed heavily at women, your company is simultaneously making millions selling cars in the only country on earth where women aren't allowed to drive – much less ride a bike or go surf, run a triathlon, or ski on their own.
But Saudi Arabia is the only country in the world that bans women — both Saudi and foreign — from driving. As Saudi women our lack of freedom of movement places an extreme burden on our lives. We lack a public transportation system and the most basic errands and medical appointments are missed due to the difficulty and expenses of arranging transportation, notwithstanding educational and work opportunities. Our lack of this basic right to drive our own cars creates many safety risks for women on the roads, and relying on strangers as drivers has jeopardized the safety of women and children in many documents cases.
We write to you with a simple request: that Subaru publicly pledge to pull out of Saudi Arabia until such time as women are allowed to drive.
It is our hope that this will put huge pressure on the Saudi royal family and shine a bright light on the "gender apartheid" in our country. It's a chance for your company to live up to your brand, and make a huge difference for nearly 13 million of us Saudi women.
Saudi Women for Driving سعوديات يطالبن بالقيادة needs your help with "Subaru: Stop Selling Cars Where Women Can't Drive". Join Saudi Women for Driving سعوديات يطالبن بالقيادة and 87,047 supporters today. | {
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Ex-Israeli army chief drowns
Former Israeli army chief of staff Rafael Eitan has died after drowning at Ashdod Port, south of Tel Aviv. He was 75.
by Khalid Amayreh
Eitan (R) was a minister in Benjamin Netanyahu's cabinet
Eitan reportedly fell from a breakwater structure into rough seas in the early morning on Tuesday and drowned at the port
where he was working as an adviser to a construction company.
Helicopters and rescue ships launched a search and he was found after two hours, but medics were unable to resuscitate him, emergency officials said.
Eitan was born in northern Palestine in 1929, and in his late teenage years joined Jewish groups such as the Hagana and Stern.
He was wounded in action several times, including in the 1956 Sinai campaign - backed by Britain and France - against Egypt.
During the Israeli invasion of Beirut in 1982, he ordered the bombardment of the city, causing thousands of civilian casualties.
He served out his term in disgrace after the official Kahan State commission of inquiry faulted him for failing to prevent the massacre of hundreds of Palestinians by Israeli-allied militiamen at Lebanon's Sabra and Shatila refugee camps in 1982.
But the commission did not recommend any action against him.
In the mid-80s he founded two right-wing parties called Tehiya and Tsomet, which called for the expulsion of non-Jews from Palestine.
Eitan earned notoriety for his comments against Arabs and for opposing interim peace deals with the Palestinians in the mid-90s.
He served as agriculture minister and environment minister in Benjamin Netanyahu's government and was appointed to the post of deputy prime minister.
But his party failed to win support in a general election in 1999 and he left political life.
SOURCE: Aljazeera + Agencies
Khalid Amayreh | {
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I saw a post on a motorcycle forum I frequent about a cat who stowed away in a shipping container and ended up in North Carolina. Ironically the container was heading to Olympia Motorsports, the company who makes my toxic yellow jacket. From the article the cat was very defensive against it's would-be rescuers so they called animal control who caught the cat, and have to quarantine him for six months. One of the employees is going to keep "China" after the six month quarantine is up.
This is one of those feel good stories about how a cat was stowed-away at see and lived for at least 35 days with no food or water and was rescued and all turned out well. But of course there is the other side of it maybe someone in China lost a beloved pet, or what if the cat died a slow cruel starvation death by starvation or dehydration?
I couldn't imagine my cat Beanie escaping from my house and ending up on a ship heading for god knows where and never seeing him again. So yeah kudos for the staff at Olympia for saving this kitty, but thumbs down for someone making the mistake to ship a cat half-way around the world. | {
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Venezuela - Oil and Revolution
It's the Oil, Stupid!!!
by Fernando Coronil | Sep 17, 2008
Nightly traffic jams in Caracas are fueled by inexpensive oil. Photo by Sandro Oramas
This apparent truism of "It's the oil, stupid!" makes sense without being really true. Certainly, as the embodiment of immense wealth and energy, oil appears to be a force capable of defining the destiny of modern nations. Yet this appearance is deceptive. Oil does condition but does not determine the social life of these nations. To understand this, it is enough to observe that oil has radically different effects in different oil producing societies—for instance, the United States and Canada, on the one hand, and Nigeria and Venezuela, on the other. Given its exceptional power, it is necessary to remind ourselves of a true truism: oil does not do anything by itself, but as it is transformed and used by people under given cultural frameworks, specific historical situations and global economic contexts. For this reason, it would be truer to say, "It's the society, stupid!"
If one focuses on the relation between oil and society rather than on oil as an independent factor, one can acknowledge the centrality of oil in the making of the modern world and understand why it seems to act as an independent force. As an extraordinarily valuable commodity, it is hard for people to control it, particularly when it undergoes its most dramatic metamorphosis: when it becomes money. As money, oil tends to have similar effects in societies where it is in fact the main source of money. In effect, as the major source of foreign exchange of many oil exporting countries, oil money typically brings about an erosion of their industrial and agricultural production, the generalization of various forms of "corruption," and the concentration of political power in their states.
The erosion of productive activities as a result of the massive inflow of oil money has been commonly called the "Dutch disease," a syndrome baptized as such to refer to the negative effects of windfall profits coming from North Sea gas exploitation on manufacturing activities in the Netherlands. I have preferred to call it the "neocolonial disease" not only because these consequences are far more pervasive and pernicious in the narrowly diversified economies of postcolonial nations, but because they include the reproduction of relations of colonial dependence between these formally independent nations and metropolitan centers (as I argued in The Magical State: Nature, Money and Modernity in Venezuela, p. 7). In these nations, these effects also involve the proliferation of different forms of corruption, ranging from the imaginative creation of myriad paths for privately appropriating public wealth, to the less visible and more pernicious consolidation of political and economic relations that trap these nations as mono-exporters; despite projects that claim to diversify their economies, these countries typically remain, as in colonial times, primary commodity producers for the international market. In Venezuela, this has happened under very different political administrations.
Clearly, maintaining this skewed international division of labor requires the collusion of politics and business, and thus the formation of a social system and political culture deeply implicated in legitimating and consolidating the vast set of formal and informal mechanisms through which oil is produced and oil money is appropriated. If in capitalist nations based on the generation of value through human labor the business of politics is business, in oil exporting societies based on the extraction of rents through the capture of natural riches, the business of business is politics. This explains why in Venezuelan public life politics occupies such a central space. Of course, politics everywhere entangles vital collective issues with private interests, but in Venezuela the state has become a particularly privileged path to status, power, and riches.
The effects of oil money on the polity of these nations have been less studied. Yet, as I have tried to show in detail for Venezuela, the states of petro-nations tend to be formed by the fusion of the power of political office with that of money. Business comes to depend on state connections and support. State leaders often incarnate state powers in their own personas. This personification of social and natural powers makes these leaders appear as superior beings capable of extraordinary deeds—as charismatic leaders or, as playwright Jose Ignacio Cabrujas suggested for Venezuela, as magicians. But as a close analysis of these situations reveal, the state of grace uniting leader and people–what Max Weber called "charisma"–can be better understood if one takes into account the cultural and material conditions that enable and sustain this mystical union and the suspension of disbelief that makes magical acts believable.
Oil fortune has unfortunately helped make Venezuela a typical exemplar—or patient– of this "neocolonial disease. " This fortune has also turned its state into an incarnation of charismatic powers that appear to be providential—a "magical state." These processes have affected Venezuela continuously albeit in different form since the times of Juan Vicente Gómez, (1908-1935), when Venezuela became the world's major oil exporting nation, to the current epoch of Hugo Chávez, when massive oil income has become the foundation of an evolving project of domestic and international change whose most radical form was identified by Chávez since 2005 as the construction of "socialism of the 21th.century."
As this issue of ReVista seeks to show, Venezuela produces more than oil—or its other major export product, beauty queens (this year Venezuela won its fifth Miss Universe). In fact, as I have argued elsewhere, in Venezuela oil has fueled various dreams of progress; Venezuela produces "politics." Yet, it would be impossible to understand the Chávez effect–his coming to power and the project he is advancing–without understanding the political economy and culture of oil in Venezuela. Without oil, no Chávez and no "socialism of the 21th century," at least as they have appeared so far. In order to make sense of Chávez's Venezuela, we must thus seek to understand the exchange between the people who inhabit Venezuelan soil and the oil that lies in its subsoil. But since oil always has connected market, peoples and states worldwide, this exchange must be seen in a global context. It would be impossible, for instance, to understand the April 11 coup against Chávez or the two months managerial lock-out of the oil industry that started in December 2002 as strictly domestic affairs.
For this reason, we have given central importance to oil in this issue of ReVista. In order to provide readers with an opportunity to explore oil policies under Chávez, I've asked six experts to answer 12 key questions. Hopefully, their answers would help you understand not just what has happened to oil in Venezuela under his rule, but to Venezuela under this new oil bonanza. And as one reads these answers, one can also begin to become familiar with the cultural categories in terms of which oil has been understood in Venezuela.
I won't comment on the responses to these questions, except to note how exceptional it is to have in one place answers to the same questions by a group of Venezuelans who hold different ideas about oil. Jorge Luis Borges famously remarked that the authenticity of the Qu'ram was proven by the fact that camels are not mentioned in this sacred book that codifies Islamic culture; their existence was assumed as a matter of fact among Muslims. Unfortunately, in the case of Venezuela, where politics is the major national spectacle, the absence of oil from public debate results not from the internalization of the habitual, but from the repression of the conflictual. This exchange in ReVista seeks to bring oil from the dark background where it has been kept to center stage, where it can visibly take the place it should have always occupied as a fundamental factor of public debate and main actor of our national drama.
Fall 2008, Volume VIII, Number 1
Fernando Coronil was a 2004-05 DRCLAS Visiting Scholar and a Visiting Professor in Harvard's History Department.
Editor's Letter: Venezuela
Long, long ago before I ever saw the skyscrapers of Caracas, long before I ever fished for cachama in Barinas with Pedro and Aída, long before I ever dreamed of ReVista, let alone an issue on Venezuela, I heard a song.
Elections and Political Power: Challenges for the Opposition
English + Español
Next month's elections will be an important benchmark in Venezuelan politics. On November 23, voters will go to the polls to elect 22 state governors and 355 mayors in as many municipalities, as well as choose the mayor of Caracas. The elections are taking place in a political environment influenced by the abrupt proclamation of 26 laws on July 31, the last day of President Chávez's 18-month powers to issue emergency decrees …
A Review of Tramas del mercado: imaginación económica, cultura pública y literatura en el Chile de fines del siglo veinte
Luis Cárcamo-Huechante's new book provides us with a convincing counter-narrative, at once nuanced and succinct, to three mainstream narratives of the neoliberal free market in Chile: those of monetarist economics, promotional politics, and literary bestsellers. It covers the Pinochet dictatorship (1973-90) and the transition to democracy from its official inauguration in 1988, with the victory of the Yes vote for a return in two years'…
PreviousVenezuela's Student Movement: A Web Feature
NextOil and Revolution: Viewpoints Edited | {
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Calvary is a church that exists to build relationships to bring people to dynamic life in Christ.
Calvary wants to come alongside you on life's journey!
Everything we do, we do to build relationships to bring people to dynamic life in Christ. Our church's strategy is designed to help people find peace with God, a place in God's family, and their purpose in the world. We want you to move from a point of initial contact with the Gospel towards the goal of becoming a fully invested disciple of Jesus that disciples others!
Every Sunday, we gather at various times on our multiple campuses to worship God as a family through singing, prayer, and the reading and preaching of God's Word. We believe that coming together to worship is the first step to connecting with God and with others at Calvary!
When people get connected in a group, the church moves from feeling like a large "event" to feeling more like a real family. We believe that getting connected in a group is vital, because that is the environment where you make lasting friendships, study the Bible, find support for life's difficult times, and encourage others!
You're most like Jesus when you're serving others! God wants to work not only in you, but through you. We believe the best way to begin a life of service and ministry is to be part of a team- either part of the many teams of hundreds of volunteers at Calvary, or part of a missions team that gets sent out to from the church to serve the needs of others and to share the good news of Christ.
Multiplication of your life is the ultimate objective of everything we do at Calvary. We believe that our purpose is to make disciples, and we want to give you opportunities to invest your life and make a difference in others' lives that will truly matter.
In 2016, Calvary turned 150 years old. God has truly blessed the Calvary family, and we believe He has given us a bold vision to multiply those blessings by planting churches, raising up leaders, and multiplying believers over the next 10 years.
Calvary values truth, community, and compassion. We want to multiply God's blessings and show others the love of Christ through local and international missions efforts like food pantries, construction, medical service, and more. See how you can get involved and live your life serving others! | {
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The Azure™ Services Platform (Azure) provides a wide range of internet services that can be consumed from both on-premises environments or the internet. These are internet-scale cloud services platform hosted in Microsoft data centers, which provides an operating system and a set of developer services that can be used individually or together. Azure's flexible and interoperable platform can be used to build new applications to run from the cloud or enhance existing applications with cloud-based capabilities. Its open architecture gives developers the choice to build web applications, applications running on connected devices, PCs, servers, or hybrid solutions offering the best of online and on-premises. | {
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Q: Packages are not available for installation Changing some Software Update settings I possibly corrupted something, and now I don't see many packages in the list. For example:
alex@u120464:~$ sudo apt-get install codeblocks
[sudo] password for alex:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package codeblocks
I checked all options in the Software Sources dialog, but packages are still not available. How can I fix this?
OS: Ubuntu 12.04, 64 bit.
Additional information.
alex@u120464:~$ sudo apt-get update
[sudo] password for alex:
Ign http://extras.ubuntu.com precise InRelease
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security InRelease
Ign http://archive.canonical.com precise InRelease
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com precise InRelease
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com precise-updates InRelease
...
It looks like most Ubuntu repositories are not searched, how can I restore default update behaviour?
Edit.
Finally, the problem was solved by copying /etc/apt/source.list file from another computer. This is the offending file content:
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20120823.1)]/ dists/precise/main/binary-i386/
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20120823.1)]/ dists/precise/restricted/binary-i386/
# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS _Precise Pangolin_ - Release amd64 (20120823.1)]/ precise main restricted
# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
deb-src http://il.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main restricted
## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's
## 'partner' repository.
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the
## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users.
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner
deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu precise partner
## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by third-party
## developers who want to ship their latest software.
deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
deb http://mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net/ubuntu/ precise main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net/ubuntu/ precise universe main multiverse restricted #Added by software-properties
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net/ubuntu/ precise-updates universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirror.sov.uk.goscomb.net/ubuntu/ precise-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu precise main
A: Please, open-up update-manager or Software Sources depending on your distro then add/tick universe repository from the software sources.
Read https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu "Adding Repositories in Ubuntu"
GUI-based repository management is normally accomplished via "Software
Sources". This interface can be accessed via several methods. For the
latest versions of Ubuntu, the easiest way is to go through the
"Ubuntu Software Center". Open the software center, then from the Edit
menu select "Software Sources". You will have to enter your password
to change settings in this window.
For older versions of ubuntu, there are several options:
Main Menu: System > Administration > Software Sources.
Synaptic : System > Administration > Synaptic Package Manager : >> Settings >> Repositories.
Main Menu: Ubuntu Software Center : >> Edit, Software Sources.
A: Solved by copying /etc/apt/sources.list file from another computer.
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
Bio & Awards
Awards & Nominations History
Band Products
Mgt & Booking
Grammy Nominated Blue Highway Brings Concert Booking In House
BRISTOL, TN (February 14, 2017) -- Sizzling hot off a Grammy Nomination on Sunday in Los Angeles, respected 23-year strong bluegrass powerhouse Blue Highway announced today it is bringing the band's concert booking in house.
The five-member, award-winning Blue Highway writes their own songs, produces their own albums, and effective February 10, will book their own shows from within the Blue Highway family.
Before promoters start looking for a call from Blue Highway's force on the five Jason Burleson, the band is quick to relay they are adding Booking Agent to the hats currently worn by Sherri George, their Tour Manager and Publicist since 2014.
"We like the way Sherri represents Blue Highway," said Wayne Taylor, the newest member of Virginia's Country Music Hall of Fame. "We now feel like we have the right person in place to bring everything including booking under the Blue Highway umbrella. Sherri has become our right arm, and we are thrilled to have her serve as our Agent. I can assure you, if you're talking to Sherri, you have the ear of this band."
"She is our eyes, our ears, and our good right arm. I'd trust Sherri with anything," echoes Shawn Lane, heralded high tenor and lead vocalist, explosive on both fiddle and mandolin, and a highly respected songwriter nominated as 2015 IBMA Songwriter of the Year.
It would appear the Sports Industry-trained PR pro won Blue Highway's trust from day one, as remarkably she's the first Publicist the band has hired in 23 years.
When it came time for a vote in the infamous Blue Highway democracy regarding booking, the band's newest member, Dobro phenom Gaven Largent, reportedly exclaimed, "Shoot, yeah!" Largent's official statement was more formal, but still glowing: "I think Sherri is one of the hardest working, most polite and driven people I've ever been around, and I'm looking forward to what she'll do as our Agent! We're all proud of the way Sherri represents us, and it was a unanimous decision."
Famous as the Blue Highway democracy is its sometimes slow decision making, but supersonic speed might best describe a literally overnight decision to bring booking in house and expand their tour manager's role in the band. Why?
Glance at her resume … Sherri's first position was with the NBA League Office in New York within the marketing arm of the league, in a year that lucrative arm brought in a cool $1.2 billion. Fast forward from there to University of Kentucky Athletics, where she created what then UK Associate AD Kyle Moats called a model program throughout the country, adding Sherri had wonderful people skills coupled with "a relentless pursuit of perfection and ability to succeed." The Celebrity Guest Coach Program at UK brought in over $70,000 in corporate sponsorships in three months, increased overall event attendance by 55%, and secured international publicity for Lady Kat Basketball. George also created and taught one of the first Sports PR courses of its kind in the nation while in grad school at Utah State University.
Her Bluegrass resume sparkles just as bright, as her first role was as publicist for beloved Hall of Fame member Doyle Lawson. George created the Children's Hospital and Arena Tour for the bluegrass legend, sending Lawson and his band to visit children's hospitals throughout the Southeast, touching hearts of kids and parents with their signature harmony and kindness. Doyle Lawson & Quicksilver's visibility also skyrocketed on the tour, as they performed the National Anthem from nationally televised NASCAR races to center court on the glistening hardwood of both NBA and NCAA Men's Basketball games.
Blue Highway's accolades have also sparkled over the past three years, with a sample including:
Blue Highway's IBMA Album and Song of the Year Nominee 'The Game' was #1 for 7 consecutive months on Bluegrass Unlimited Album Chart. June-Dec 2014.
Tim Stafford was honored as 2014 IBMA Songwriter of the Year and 2015 SPBGMA Guitar Player of the Year. Shawn Lane was nominated as 2015 IBMA Songwriter of the Year, while Gaven Largent was nominated as 2016 SPBGMA Dobro Player of the Year.
Blue Highway was voted the 'Favorite Bluegrass Artist of All Time' by readers of Bluegrass Today. April 2016.
Wayne Taylor was the 2016 Inductee into the Virginia Country Music Hall of Fame. Oct 2016.
Blue Highway's #1 album 'Original Traditional' was nominated for a 2017 GRAMMY Award for Best Bluegrass Album.
Thinking of booking Blue Highway? Add to that list of accolades the dollar signs which accompany Blue Highway, as Sold Out shows accounted for half their concerts in 2015.
Also add to the list, a new agent inside the band with a goal of ensuring promoters feel like VIP family.
"One of the reasons Blue Highway is so loved and respected is the way they treat others," said Sherri George. "When promoters book Blue Highway, we want them to be treated like family and the valued VIP's they truly are. Blue Highway's goal is a Win-Win scenario every time a contract is signed, and we'll back it up with one of the best bands in Bluegrass and all we can do from a promotion standpoint, with Blue Highway social media, e-blasts, and even press releases if needed."
"I like how promoters will have a one-stop shop with Sherri booking our shows," said Gaven Largent. "She has her hands in all of Blue Highway's cookie jars, so she can book a show AND advertise that show heavily in Blue Highway social media. She can do it all."
Often the voice of the band, the Grammy-winning, highly respected vocalist, guitarist, producer, teacher, and author Tim Stafford summed up the band's enthusiasm as it embarks on a new phase in Blue Highway history: "We are excited about our new booking agent! Sherri George is a wonderful person, top-notch, professional and hard-working. Entering its 23rd year, the band couldn't be happier, and we look forward to seeing everyone out on the road!"
To book the award-winning supergroup Blue Highway, please go to www.BlueHighwayBand.com/Mgt-Booking for contact info for Blue Highway's new in house agent, Sherri George.
Click Here to book Blue Highway!
Larry Stafford Blowing Rock, NC
Feb 14 2017 12:17 PM
I am a diehard Blue Highway fan. All of the hard work is starting to pay off for Tim and the band. The thing I like most is that after the concert the band comes out to greet the fans.
I am a diehard Blue Highway fan. All of the hard work is starting to pay off for Tim and the band.
The thing I like most is that after the concert the band comes out to greet the fans.
Feb 14 2017 5:57 PM
Thanks so much, Larry! Much appreciated! We look forward to seeing you on the road!
Website Copyright 2015 - 2019 by Blue Highway. All Rights Reserved.
Design by Sherri George powered by Bandzoogle. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
readlinkf(){ perl -MCwd -e 'print Cwd::abs_path shift' $1;}
MARK=${1:-speed1}
if [ -n "$1" ]; then
# Remaining args are passed unmodified to the test runner.
shift
fi
if [[ ${MARK} == docker* && "`which bcbio_vm.py`" != "" ]]; then
BCBIO_DIR=$(dirname "$(readlinkf `which bcbio_vm.py`)")
else
BCBIO_DIR=$(dirname "$(readlinkf `which bcbio_nextgen.py`)")
fi
unset PYTHONHOME
unset PYTHONPATH
export PYTHONNOUSERSITE=1
# Ensure version.py exists in raw cloned bcbio directory
if [ -d "../bcbio/pipeline" ]; then
[ -f ../bcbio/pipeline/version.py ] || touch ../bcbio/pipeline/version.py
fi
"$BCBIO_DIR/py.test" -p no:cacheprovider -p no:stepwise -v -s -m ${MARK} "$@"
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
Plagiarism is defined as the act of using the ideas or work of another person or persons as if they were one's own, without giving credit to the source. Such an act is not plagiarism if it is ascertained that the ideas were arrived at through independent reasoning or logic or where the thought or idea is common knowledge. Acknowledge of an original author or source must be made through appropriate references, i.e., quotation marks, footnotes, or commentary. Examples of plagiarism include, but are not limited to, the following: the submission of a work, either in part or in whole, completed by another; failure to give credit for ideas, statements, facts or conclusions which rightfully belong to another; in written work, failure to use quotation marks when quoting directly from another, whether it be a paragraph, a sentence, or even a part thereof; or close and lengthy paraphrasing of another's writing or programming. A student who is in doubt about the extent of acceptable paraphrasing should consult the instructor. Students are cautioned that, in conducting their research, they should prepare their notes by (a) either quoting material exactly (using quotation marks) at the time they take notes from a source; or (b) departing completely from the language used in the source, putting the material into their own words. In this way, when the material is used in the paper or project, the student can avoid plagiarism resulting from verbatim use of notes. Both quoted and paraphrased materials must be given proper citations.
Copyscape checks to see if a website has been plagiarized.
SeeSources matches up whole text passages.
The author(s) of each article appearing in this Journal is/are solely responsible for the content thereof; the publication of an article shall not constitute or be deemed to constitute any representation by the Editors, the data presented therein are correct or sufficient to support the conclusions reached or that the experiment design or methodology is adequate. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Uncomfortable temperatures can seem all that much worse when you're behind the wheel, but maintaining a functional and efficient A/C and heat system in your vehicle doesn't have to be a difficult endeavor. At Honest-1 Auto Care, we provide reliable auto A/C and heat repair services to drivers throughout Loveland, OH.
With convenient hours and reasonable rates, Honest-1 Auto Care is the place to go when you need reliable auto A/C and heat repair work. Call or visit our Loveland, OH center today for more information or to have your vehicle serviced. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Home-Grown Media By Youth, For Everyone
Beyond Longbeach
Stories by Issue
Choose Issue...
Richmond Pulse
What makes the RICHMOND PULSE different from other news organizations is that it is community based, youth-led, and with a focus on any issue that affects the health of the overall community. Young people will be trained in the craft of multimedia reporting, effectively becoming the eyes and ears of their community and bringing their stories to a wider audience through the web as well as a local newspaper that will be distributed widely throughout the city of Richmond, and beyond.
Posts by Richmond Pulse:
Local Youth Become Journalists With American Teenager Project
Jan. 31, 2014 / By Richmond Pulse
Tags: Richmond Pulse
By Luis Cubas
Robin Bowman, a New York-based photojournalist, set out on a quest in 2001 to capture and narrate the lives of teenagers all over the United States...
Q&A: Reverend Michael McBride on the Drop in Bay Area Homicides
Dr. Joseph Marshall, Street Soldiers Radio
EDITOR'S NOTE: The following conversation took place on Street Soldiers Radio between Dr...
Richmond Residents React to New Fees for Paper Bags
by Chanelle Ignant
Two weeks after its January 1 implementation, Richmond's Single-Use Bag Ordinance is earning mixed reactions from residents...
What Our Schools Need — A Student's Eye View
Tags: Richmond Pulse, Youth Voices
Photo Essay, YouthWire
Editor's Note: California's recently enacted Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF), in effect since July 1, will continue to increase funding for school districts over the next eight years...
Transforming Richmond, One Park at a Time
Jan. 8, 2014 / By Richmond Pulse
Photo Essay • David Meza
Last month, Pogo Park, a nonprofit community effort to improve parks in the Iron Triangle neighborhood, hosted a tour of its project sites in Richmond for park department board members, their families and friends...
Mayor Mourns 2013 Homicide Victims, But Notes Progress
RP Editors
At her last Meet With the Mayor session of 2013, on December 20, Mayor Gayle McLaughlin led a moment of reflection to honor the 16 lives lost to homicide in Richmond this year...
In Richmond, Eating Healthy Depends On Where You Live
Dec. 27, 2013 / By Richmond Pulse
Tags: Food, Health, Healthy Food
You know how the saying goes: "You are what you eat." The problem is, we don't always have a choice...
Breaking Silence on Trauma is First Step to Healing
Commentary by Maaika Marshall, RYSE Youth Justice Coordinator
In cities and communities like Richmond, young people are often exposed to immense amounts of trauma and violence; and unfortunately, many of them are left to find their own ways to cope with the emotional and psychological aftermath. ..
'Sin Padre' – In Local Film, Masculinity is Violent
Dec. 6, 2013 / By Richmond Pulse
Tags: Arts, Arts and Culture
By Edgardo Cervano-Soto
When Nora Vigil first saw the scenes of domestic and street violence in the new local film,Sin Padre, she "thought of the violence occurring in Richmond," even though the film is set in San Francisco's Mission District...
Soon-to-Be Parents Get What They Need at Resource Fair
Nov. 29, 2013 / By Richmond Pulse
News Feature, Chanelle Ignant
The gymnasium at Lavonya DeJean Middle School gave new meaning to the phrase "multi-purpose" last Saturday, when it was transformed into a baby shower venue for scores of expecting parents and their family members...
12 Years a Slave – A Must See Film For Black Youth
Tags: African American, History, Youth
Movie Review, Monet Boyd
I recently had the privilege of watching the new movie, "12 Years a Slave," which is based on a memoir by Solomon Northup...
Street Soldiers Radio: Bay Area Parents Share Perspectives on Schools
Editor's Note: Below is a transcribed excerpt from the October 26th broadcast of Street Soldiers, a live call-in radio show that airs every Sunday night on KMEL 106.1fm...
VoiceWaves Issue #4 / Winter 2018 (Khmer)
Tweets by @lbvoicewaves
What is VoiceWaves? | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Add a touch of colorful ambiance to your bed with the Royal Blue youth headboard by Kith Furniture. This piece features two panels and a royal blue finish. Crafted from hardwood and laminate wood, this gorgeous headboard is sure to please.
Furnish your sleeping area with the Royal Blue Dresser Mirror by Kith Furniture. This piece features a wooden frame, beveled glass, and a royal blue finish. Made from hardwood and laminate wood, this beautiful youth mirror is sure to please. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Dedicated to self-harm recovery, insight and support.
Need some extra support right now?
Why are we so afraid of failure?
Why is Christmas so hard?
The faces behind the blog...
It's the start of a new year. Some of us love a fresh start and a clean slate, and we can feel like we have a shot at it when a new year (let alone a new decade) starts. But maybe it feels for you as if nothing has really changed. You're stuck in the same place with the same problems.
But maybe this year could be a time to reach out from some help from new places.
If you've not tried out Alumina before, why not try it out in 2020?
Alumina groups run online in the evenings. You log in to a kind of chat room where we can't see or hear you but you can see and hear us - real, adult humans who are here to listen and support you. You can type in the chatbox or just sit and listen. Either way, people tell us it helps them to feel less alone. There are usually between 2 and 6 young young people in each session.
We talk about some big questions - why do we self-harm, why is it so addictive, will it always be something I do, who can I talk to, are there any alternatives that work - but we never tell you what to do. Alumina is a safe space, a non-judgemental space, and a place where you can think about what it might take for you to move towards recovery.
We'd love to give you some extra support, and help you to feel less alone. Why don't you have a go?
We have new groups starting up with week, but you can join them anytime in January. Just sign up here. (Don't worry, when you sign up you're not totally committing yourself to Alumina - it just means we can start an email conversation with you).
Posted: SelfharmUK | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Download this client to connect directly to our servers, this client has new skulls, effects, items and outit sprites. Main links redirect to our website also some texts has been changed and improvement.
Use this client to connect directly to our servers, this client has a new skull and outfit sprite, some UI caracteristics has been revamped aswell. Main links redirect to our website also some texts has been changed and improvement. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
If your partner has never benefited from a massage or massage therapy, a couple's massage is a great way to introduce them. They can comfortably approach the massage knowing that you're there with them. They will enjoy the massage more if they're relaxed before the session begins. Being relaxed will help them take advantage of a completely relaxed mind and body after.
In addition to the many physical benefits of massage, couples massage offers a chance for a couple to reconnect. How often do you and your partner get caught up in the daily stresses? Who forgot this, who forgot that? Often sitting at the table or on the couch at night getting caught up on emails so exhausted that you don't feel close. Sometimes you might feel like roommates and not a couple. A couples massage will help connect you and your partner. It's an opportunity to share "the moment" with each other while experiencing something new. You won't hear the sound of an email or calendar reminder. The relaxing massage will help you both unwind and forget the daily stresses. Many couples find that after a massage that they're able to communicate better, which naturally brings you closer together.
This Valentine's Day, if you're looking for something unique and relaxing, try a couple's massage from Elements Massage™. It's an opportunity to introduce your loved one to relaxing massage therapy. It will also give you both a chance to forget about the daily stresses and connect with each other. Contact your local Elements Massage™ Studio to book your Valentine's Couples Massage today. Visit www.elementsmassage.com to find a studio near you. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
SHOPPING ARCADE GETS A £375,000 FACELIFT
The popular shopping arcade on New Street, which is home to a range of independent boutique shops, has had new automatic glass doors installed at the entrances on New Street and Stephenson Street, and has been repainted and the lighting upgraded.
The arcade's impressive hand-painted ceiling mural has been retained.
Piccadilly Arcade is one of the city's oldest arcades. Originally built as a cinema in 1910, after its closure in 1926, the building was largely redeveloped into a shopping arcade. The cinema's original frontage can still be seen above the Stephenson Street entrance.
Today, tenants include Cotswold Outdoor, Faculty Coffee, Marco Benito, Petals of Piccadilly, Piccadilly Cobbler, Piccadilly Jewellers, Piccadilly Opticians, Smithsonia, Top Tailor, 16 Bakery, Shepherds Barbers, and Be At One.
The last remaining retail unit has been let to Top Tailor. Sayed Hashemi is expanding his tailoring business by opening a larger unit in addition selling leather goods and accessories such as belts, bags and wallets in his existing unit to compliment the tailoring arm of his business.
Hortons' Estate has agreed a 10 year lease on the 215 sq ft unit.
Jeremy Boothroyd from Hortons' Estate said: "It's nearly 100 years since Piccadilly Arcade was first opened, so it's fitting that it has been given a facelift ahead of this significant milestone.
"As one of the main thoroughfares between Grand Central and New Street, Piccadilly Arcade sees a lot of footfall. Its ornate ceiling is also something of a visitor attraction.
"Our investment ensures the arcade is well maintained and presented, for visitors and our tenants." | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
In a heatproof medium bowl, cover the shiitake caps with boiling water and let stand until softened, about 25 minutes. Drain well, then coarsely chop and transfer to a food processor. Add the parsley, shallot, garlic, lemon zest and lemon juice and pulse until the parsley is finely chopped.
Meanwhile, in another heatproof medium bowl, combine 1/2 cup plus 2 tablespoons of boiling water with the soy sauce and agave. Stir in the TVP and let stand until rehydrated and tender, about 15 minutes. Stir in the shiitake-parsley mixture, black beans, flax meal and salt. Using a fork, lightly mash half of the beans against the side of the bowl and stir to combine.
Using moistened hands, form the mixture into six 3/4-inch-thick patties; pack tight. Transfer to a parchment paper–lined baking sheet.
Light a grill or preheat a grill pan; oil the grate or the pan. Grill the burgers over moderately high heat until charred on the bottoms, about 5 minutes. Using a spatula, carefully flip the patties and cook until lightly charred and heated through, 3 to 5 minutes longer. Serve the burgers on the buns with the Banana Pepper Mustard, mayonnaise, lettuce and tomato.
The uncooked burger patties can be refrigerated overnight.
Textured vegetable protein (TVP) is available at large supermarkets and specialty food shops; look for the Bob's Red Mill brand.
Pair these veggie burgers with a fragrant, medium-bodied Sonoma Pinot Noir. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
The Church of St. Mary and St. Radegund, Whitwell is a parish church in the Church of England located in Whitwell on the Isle of Wight.
History
The church is medieval.
The Church of St. Mary and St. Radegund in Whitwell is located on rising ground at the South end of the village and adjoins the rectory.
Various parts of the church date back to different centuries. Various portions of the church were constructed in the 12th, 13th 15th and 16th centuries. However, the church has some more modern parts as well.
The church consists of a nave which has a south aisle of three bays, a chancel with south aisle in alignment with the east wall, a western tower and a south porch. Looking at the church, it is evident that the original church did not have aisles, and had a narrow chancel, divided by an arch. A narrow south aisle was added in the 13th century which was later widened in the 16th century. When the church was originally formed, it was of two separate manorial chapels. The bells and clock were installed after the death of William Spindler who passed them on to the church, and is now buried in its graveyard. All the bells have the inscription "Cast by John Warner and Sons London 1889". In 2009 the bells underwent a refurbishment by Whitechapel Bell Foundry at a cost of more than £30,000. The refurbishment came along with the 120th anniversary of their installation in 1889. The refurbishment was commemorated in the well dressing celebrations that occur annually in the Summer.
The churchyard also contains the Commonwealth war grave of a Hampshire Regiment soldier of World War I.
On Monday 16 April 2007 Whitwell's Post Office re-opened inside the church's bell tower. Although other post offices have been relocated to new locations on the grounds of local churches, it was the first of its kind in the country to be located inside the church. The idea to locate the new post office inside the church came from the church's vicar, after no other suitable location was found. After the Post Office's relocation into the church proved a success, the island's Rural Community Council (RRC) have stated they would like to see the model applied elsewhere where village amenities are under threat. Although the post office was hoped to also boost attendance numbers at Sunday church services, this has not happened, and the average congregation size remains at only 23.
Organ
The pipe organ dates from 1860 by the builder Bevington, but has undergone renovation and extension by Harrison and Harrison in 1899. A specification of the organ can be found on the National Pipe Organ Register.
Gallery
References
Church of England church buildings on the Isle of Wight
Grade II* listed churches on the Isle of Wight | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaWikipedia"
} |
Our 2 Day Intense Hands-On Group Training will help you master drawing and creating the perfect eyebrows.
Microblading is one of the fastest growing techniques in permanent makeup. Call to register for this rewarding career opportunity. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Q: Protractor continuing despite beforeEach function erroring and not calling done In my protractor tests, I have several beforeEach functions. If one of them contains an error (that actually gets printed out after all my tests have ran), protractor just continues onto the next beforeEach, which just wastes a ton of time since then it has to execute potentially correct code before finally exiting and informing me of the error that happened almost immediately. An example:
beforeEach(function(done) {
// I forget to actually call the function thus testDocument is a function not a document
this.testDocument = someMongoDocumentConsutrctor;
// This throws an error since testDocument is mistakenly not a document and has no save
// This is where the protractor tests should exit immediately
// And since .save is undefined there is no way this code calls done
this.testDocument.save(done);
});
it('should show show the welcome overlay', function() {
// This code actually throws an error while the test is running
// before protractor logs anything else including the error that must've already occurred
expect(overlay.welcomeMessage.isDisplayed()).toBe(true);
})
The error message thrown during the test execution is:
(node:34486) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Unhandled promise rejection (rejection id: 1): NoSuchElementError: No element found using locator: By(css selector, tutorial-overlay)
The beginning of the overall output of protractor is (with describe block names redacted):
Spec started
(node:34486) UnhandledPromiseRejectionWarning: Unhandled promise rejection (rejection id: 1): NoSuchElementError: No element found using locator: By(css selector, tutorial-overlay)
A Jasmine spec timed out. Resetting the WebDriver Control Flow.
Outer describe block name
Inner describe block name
✗ should show show the welcome overlay
- Failed: this.testDocument.save is not a function
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
Q: clojure loop see values When using reduce there is the reductions function to see the list of successive reductions. Is there something similar to debug a loop in Clojure ?
A: loop/recur is more imperative than reductions; you may very well just insert your own logging to the loop body yourself, or maintain an atom list of values, or most functionally, introduce an(other) accumulator to the loop arguments.
A: @progo is right, you can always add another accumulator, but if you don't really want to do it every time, you could make some utility macro doing that for you, while being semantically equal to the default loop/recur (i am thinking of pair of loop+/recur+ (the latter would be used implicitly):
(defmacro recur+ [& args]
(let [names (repeatedly (count args) gensym)]
`(let ~(vec (interleave names args))
(recur ~@names (conj ~'&loop-history [~@names])))))
(defmacro loop+ [bindings & body]
(let [val-names (repeatedly (/ (count bindings) 2) gensym)
vals (take-nth 2 (rest bindings))
binding-lefts (take-nth 2 bindings)]
`(let [~@(interleave val-names vals)]
(loop [~@(interleave binding-lefts val-names)
~'&loop-history [~(vec val-names)]]
~@(clojure.walk/postwalk-replace
{'recur 'recur+
'loop 'loop+}
body)))))
as you can see, loop+ introduces the implicit value &loop-history, and replaces all the inner loops and recurs with loop+ and recur+, while recur+ adds this implicit var to the recur call (the part with val-names, vals and binging-lefts is essential to avoid the double evaluation of the forms passed to the loop+).
so, imagine you have some loop like this:
user> (loop [a 1 b 2]
(if (<= b 10)
(recur a (inc b))
(str a " " b)))
"1 11"
to use the new loop just call loop+ instead of loop:
user> (loop+ [a 1 b 2]
(if (<= b 10)
(recur a (inc b))
(str a " " b)))
"1 11"
it is expanded into the following:
(let*
[G__20054 1 G__20055 2]
(loop*
[a G__20054 b G__20055 &loop-history [[G__20054 G__20055]]]
(if (<= b 10)
(let*
[G__20056 a G__20057 (inc b)]
(recur
G__20056
G__20057
(conj &loop-history [G__20056 G__20057])))
(str a " " b))))
now &loop-history is totally accessible anywhere inside loop+:
user> (loop+ [a 1 b 2]
(if (<= b 10)
(do
(println "history length: " (count &loop-history)
"last item: " (last &loop-history))
(recur a (inc b)))
{:result (str a " " b)
:history &loop-history}))
;; history length: 1 last item: [1 2]
;; history length: 2 last item: [1 3]
;; history length: 3 last item: [1 4]
;; history length: 4 last item: [1 5]
;; history length: 5 last item: [1 6]
;; history length: 6 last item: [1 7]
;; history length: 7 last item: [1 8]
;; history length: 8 last item: [1 9]
;; history length: 9 last item: [1 10]
;; {:result "1 11", :history [[1 2] [1 3] [1 4] [1 5] [1 6] [1 7] [1 8] [1 9] [1 10] [1 11]]}
notice, that it also introduces &loop-history for inner loops, without the need to change the source code:
user> (loop+ [a 1 b 2]
(if (<= b 10)
(do (println :outer-hist &loop-history)
(recur a (inc b)))
(loop [a a]
(if (>= a -4)
(do (println :inner-hist &loop-history)
(recur (dec a)))
(str a b)))))
:outer-hist [[1 2]]
:outer-hist [[1 2] [1 3]]
:outer-hist [[1 2] [1 3] [1 4]]
:outer-hist [[1 2] [1 3] [1 4] [1 5]]
:outer-hist [[1 2] [1 3] [1 4] [1 5] [1 6]]
:outer-hist [[1 2] [1 3] [1 4] [1 5] [1 6] [1 7]]
:outer-hist [[1 2] [1 3] [1 4] [1 5] [1 6] [1 7] [1 8]]
:outer-hist [[1 2] [1 3] [1 4] [1 5] [1 6] [1 7] [1 8] [1 9]]
:outer-hist [[1 2] [1 3] [1 4] [1 5] [1 6] [1 7] [1 8] [1 9] [1 10]]
:inner-hist [[1]]
:inner-hist [[1] [0]]
:inner-hist [[1] [0] [-1]]
:inner-hist [[1] [0] [-1] [-2]]
:inner-hist [[1] [0] [-1] [-2] [-3]]
:inner-hist [[1] [0] [-1] [-2] [-3] [-4]]
"-511"
| {
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Willmott Timbers is a supplier of treated pine products to customers situated in Australia. Willmott Timbers offers plantation product brands such as Premium, Ultra-Life, Federation and Design Mulch. The sleeper, one of the speciality Willmott Timbers range can be made use in a diverse range of applications. The sleeper plantation product from Willmott Timbers helps to bring about professional finish to landscaping such as steps, retaining walls, paving, and garden edging.
Willmott Timbers offers a wide range of sleepers with the help of high precision processors. These processors help to provides smooth finish and also treated to Australian standards. The profiled sleeper of Willmott Timbers range is available in varied size like bevelled edge and traditional box.
The landscape logs of Willmott Timbers help customers to create landscape within means along wit flair and originality. The landscape wood offers natural beauty as well as the tenderness of wood. The landscaping logs from Willmott Timbers are well suited for all kinds of home landscaping projects because of its strength and durability. | {
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} |
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"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Mikołaj Wasilewicz (ur. 1837 roku w Łęcznej – zm. 27 września 1934 roku w Lublinie) – podporucznik w powstaniu styczniowym, rolnik.
Życiorys
Żonaty z Salomeą Wasilewicz z Ziółkowskich.
Pośmiertnie odznaczony Krzyżem Niepodległości z Mieczami. Pochowany na cmentarzu wojskowym przy ul. Lipowej w Lublinie.
Walczył w oddziale Kajetana Cieszkowskiego "Ćwieka"
Przypisy
Bibliografia
Zdzisław Bieleń, Groby uczestników powstania styczniowego na cmentarzach Lublina, Lublin 1985, s. 47.
Odznaczeni Krzyżem Niepodległości z Mieczami
Oficerowie powstania styczniowego
Pochowani na cmentarzu przy ulicy Lipowej w Lublinie
Polscy rolnicy
Urodzeni w 1837
Zmarli w 1934
Ludzie urodzeni w Łęcznej | {
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Shared hosting is where you are sharing the same server with other websites, thereby sharing the resources and power of the server. This is fine for sites that do not have extremely high levels of traffic, do not run large shopping cart projects or forums etc.
Being cost effective, this is a common option for those who are just starting, or are keen on keeping their websites small.
Promotional business websites. (Accountants, lawyers, builders etc).
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Give us a call to advise you on the suitability of your internet project.
Whilst our shared hosting is probably the most cost-effective, low cost, solution around. We provide free hosting, website design and construction for registered charities in Wales.
N.B. This offer excludes Domain Name registration fees to a Domain Name Registrar. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
package simpleci.dispatcher.model.worker.state;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.function.Predicate;
public class WorkersState {
private final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WorkersState.class);
private Map<String, WorkerStateDescription> workers = new HashMap<>();
public void addWorker(WorkerStateDescription description) {
if(workers.containsKey(description.workerId)) {
logger.error(String.format("Worker %s already exists", description.workerId));
return;
}
workers.put(description.workerId, description);
}
public void removeWorker(String workerId) {
if(!workers.containsKey(workerId)) {
logger.error(String.format("Worker %s dows not exists", workerId));
return;
}
workers.remove(workerId);
}
public void replaceWorker(WorkerStateDescription description) {
if(workers.containsKey(description.workerId)) {
workers.remove(description.workerId);
}
workers.put(description.workerId, description);
}
public void addJob(String workerId, long jobId) {
if(!workers.containsKey(workerId)) {
logger.error(String.format("Worker %s dows not exists", workerId));
return;
}
workers.get(workerId).addJob(jobId);
}
public void removeJob(String workerId, long jobId) {
if(!workers.containsKey(workerId)) {
logger.error(String.format("Worker %s dows not exists", workerId));
return;
}
workers.get(workerId).removeJob(jobId);
}
public Set<WorkerStateDescription> getWorkers(Predicate<WorkerStateDescription> filterCond) {
Set<WorkerStateDescription> resultSet = new HashSet<>();
for(WorkerStateDescription desc : workers.values()) {
if(filterCond.test(desc)) {
resultSet.add(desc);
}
}
return resultSet;
}
public void clear() {
this.workers.clear();
}
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
Australia provides an opportunity to set up and carry on a business in a stable and welcoming economic and political climate, located in the growing Asia Pacific region.
GM Tax also assists individuals who have moved to Australia as the holders of provisional business skills visas, and who require tax and accounting support with a particular regard to the conditions to be satisfied if they are to secure permanent residency visas.
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We'll be delighted to have a free initial discussion with you. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Q: Any recommended PHP package for redisSearch? I thought, surely there must be php developers out there who use redisSearch. I have only seen two packages for this RedisSearch-php by Ethan Hann and php-redisearch by MCFJA. They return empty documents and php-redisearch by MCFJA is not beneficial since it uses a Predis client (not really ideal for large applications in production).
Please is there any Laravel/PHP developer who is using redissearch and making progress. I'd be hugely appreciative of any advice and help. Thanks.
$redis = new \Predis\Client([
'scheme' => 'tcp',
'host' => '127.0.0.1',
'port' => 6379,
]);
$builder = new \MacFJA\RediSearch\Index\Builder($redis);
// Field can be create in advance
$address = new \MacFJA\RediSearch\Index\Builder\GeoField('address');
$builder
->withName('person')
->addField($address)
// Or field can be create "inline"
->addTextField('lastname', false, null, null, true)
->addTextField('firstname')
->addNumericField('age')
->create();
$index = new \MacFJA\RediSearch\Index('person', $redis);
$index->addDocumentFromArray([
'firstname' => 'Joe',
'lastname' => 'Doe',
'age' => 30,
'address' => '40.689247,-74.044502'
]);
$search = new \MacFJA\RediSearch\Search($redis);
$results = $search
->withIndex('person')
->withQuery('Doe')
->withHighlight(['lastname'])
->withScores()
->search();
return $results; // returning empty arrays
A: The version 2.0.0 of macfja/redisearch is finally out.
This version have (built-in) support for multiple Redis provider.
It should have the most common ones, and adding a new one is pretty simple.
And for the empty document list, maybe it's cause by the inverted coordinate (should be [longitude],[latitude])
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
Co Cork
elderly irish
Irish Walks
Irish property
Party on! Meet the people behind Britain's St Patrick's Day festivals and parades
BY: Mal Rogers
Jersey Community Champion: Martina Wintour
Martina Wintour, Jersey Irish Society Chairman
"I was born in Co. Mayo and came to Jersey in 1977. I'm chairman of the Jersey Irish Society, and alongside our honorary president, I've been organising St Patrick's Day celebrations in Jersey for about six or seven years," Martina Wintour explains.
According to Martina, the festival helps to foster good community relations on the island, which has a population of only 100,000 in total.
She says: "I think St Patrick's Day celebrations help to unite the Irish community in Britain, and it's certainly true in Jersey."
Leeds Community Champion: Hugh O'Malley
Hugh O'Malley is an integral part of the Leeds Irish community
Hugh O'Malley has been involved in the St Patrick's Day parades in Leeds since 2007.
"I'm from a tiny corner of Ireland that took root in a house in Leeds," he explains. "My parents were both from Mayo and lived in a part of the city in which a large number of Irish had settled.
"So, as I was born at home and we had many visitors, my infant ears first heard Irish accents and music and the first experience of my nose was the smell of Irish food.
My love of Ireland and things Irish were established."
Through Comhaltas Hugh became an integral part of the Leeds Irish community, so he was an obvious choice to help on the St Patrick's Day Parade.
Luton Community Champion: Noreen Kellet
Limerick-born Noreen Kellett is the Luton Irish Forum Treasurer
Luton's vibrant Irish community has always marked our national day very enthusiastically, with the celebrations amongst the biggest in Britain.
Noreen Kellett , the Luton Irish Forum Treasurer, has been at the centre of events since the year 2000.
From Limerick, Noreen came to Britain around 1960 to attend school here.
"My favourite part of the St Patrick's Day Festival is the music,"adds Noreen.
"We've had some big bands performing during the festival including the High Kings and the Fureys, both of whom were very entertaining.
The traditional music and dance are also a highlight for me; the colourful costumes and the music really help to bring the parade to life."
Coventry Community Champion: Kay Forrest
Kay Forrest has been involved in Coventry's parade since 1995
Kay Forrest first came to Britain from Cork City on St Valentine's Day, 1958. "I arrived in Birmingham when I was 16 years old," she says, "and when they still had gas lamp on the streets!"
She has always been keenly involved in the Irish community."I was involved in a variety of high profile fundraising events for the Irish community in Coventry, and then I was approached by the St. Patrick's Parade committee to support the project - which I was more than pleased to do,"she says.
"So I've been involved with the St Patrick's Day Parade since 1995 - 21 years."
The festival and parade have given Kay much joy over the years. "The best part is seeing everybody turn out for the event and enjoying themselves, celebrating their Irish culture and making it a great day for the Irish in Coventry," she says.
See More: Community, Coventry, Featured, Festival, Jersey, Leeds, Luton, Parade, St Patrick's Day
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By: Harry Brent - 2 weeks ago
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13 Irish phrases to celebrate the New Year and how to pronounce them
By: Rachael O'Connor - 3 weeks ago
How a horrifying bit of Irish folklore inspired Bram Stoker's Dracula
By: Jack Beresford - 3 weeks ago | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Upcoming Events | Events Calendar
Libraries Helping Girls STEAM Ahead with NASA
Register for This Webinar!
Wednesday, May 30, 2018 at 3:00 p.m. (EDT), 2:00 p.m. (CDT), 1:00 p.m. (MDT), 12:00 p.m. (PDT)
The Girls STEAM Ahead with NASA (GSAWN) initiative is again partnering with public libraries to provide NASA-themed activities for girls and their families. Part of the NASA's Universe of Learning program, GSAWN resources include a range of computer-based and paper-based activities, along with exhibits and poster series. During this webinar, you will hear about the GSAWN project, why girl-serving programming is important and needed, and the range of resources available to your library. There will be time for questions so we can address any concerns and best support your library efforts.
About the Presenters:
Dr. Emma Marcucci is an Education and Outreach Scientist at the Space Telescope Science Institute. She received her Ph.D. in planetary geology from the University of Colorado at Boulder in 2013. As a Postdoctoral Fellow, she worked with satellite stereo images to make topographic models of locations that lack good elevation information, such as in Alaska and on Mars and Mercury. Dr. Marcucci is now part of the Office of Public Outreach at STScI sharing the science of the Hubble and James Webb Space Telescopes with the general public and supporting informal learning of NASA astrophysics content as a member of the NASA's Universe of Learning.
Holly Ryer is a Senior Education Specialist at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) in Baltimore, Maryland. As a member of the Science Communications and Engagement team, Holly supports the NASA-funded "Universe of Learning" informal education program. She is responsible for the development and assessment of inquiry-based learning approaches and partnership building for projects such as Girls STEAM Ahead with NASA. She also supports NASA reporting and program evaluation activities and communication activities for the Hubble Space Telescope mission. Holly is a former classroom teacher with eight and a half years' experience teaching in Baltimore-area schools. During that time, she served on various committees, developed district-level curriculum, and participated in the scoring of the Maryland State Performance Assessment Program. Now, Holly takes great pleasure in supporting NASA education and outreach efforts.
Thalia Rivera is a Public Engagement Specialist for NASA's Exoplanet Exploration program. She works on public engagement by coordinating and managing outreach events such as "A Ticket to Explore JPL," American Astronomical Society conferences, and other general public events and scientific conferences. She develops and assists in creating informative materials for distribution to the public and science community. These events and materials help make the science of exoplanet exploration relatable, accessible, and exciting to those who may be unfamiliar with current NASA Exoplanet missions and research. Ms. Rivera has a bachelor's degree in Speech Communications from the University of La Verne.
Note: If you have any problems with your registration, please email Brooks Mitchell for assistance.
Explore Earth Exhibition (NY)
A Universe of NASA Resources | {
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} |
Posted inHKFP Reports, Hong Kong, Law & Crime, Politics & Protest
HK20: Hong Kong democracy activists struggle to be heard under Pres. Xi Jinping security lockdown
by Ellie Ng 15:00, 3 July 2017 Updated 21:17, 31 March 2020
Hong Kong democracy activists struggled to be heard during Chinese President Xi Jinping's three-day visit to the territory, raising concerns over infringements to the rights of peaceful protest and freedom of expression.
Days before Xi arrived in the city on Thursday, police placed giant barriers around Wan Chai near venues where Xi was staying or visiting. Police said around 9,000 officers – about one-third of the force – were deployed to protect Xi and other officials from terrorist threats.
Harbour Road. Photo: HKFP/Catherine Lai.
A series of arrests took place amid Xi's visit. On the eve of Xi's arrival, 26 democracy activists were arrested after scaling the Golden Bauhinia statue, Beijing's gift marking Hong Kong's transfer of sovereignty.
Some of the activists were detained for more than 24 hours, and released one by one after their lawyers requested a habeas corpus order. The last activist was released less than four hours before a hearing was due on Thursday morning.
Joshua Wong was arrested during the Golden Bauhinia protest. Photo: Dan Garrett.
On Thursday morning, outspoken localist Nakade Hitsujiko was arrested in the West Kowloon Cultural District – where Xi was scheduled to visit in the afternoon – for carrying a box knife and other tools. Police said Nakade may have been possessing offensive weapons.
During the same morning, police arrested three men for alleged criminal damage over three instances of graffiti saying "Hong Kong has been fallen for 20 years."
Photo: Street Art Boy, via Facebook.
Localist group Hong Kong Indigenous said one of those arrested was a member. It claimed police threatened to arrest his family members if he refused to admit to committing the acts – and then allegedly arrested his father and younger brother.
It said police had searched their home and were seeking the mother. Police declined to respond to the allegation.
On Saturday, Labour Party members displayed a banner saying "I want genuine universal suffrage" at the Tsim Sha Tsui harbourfront. When they refused to take it down, they were arrested for allegedly obstructing public officers.
On the same day, activist Joshua Wong and others from the League of Social Democrats (LSD) attempted to protest at a flag raising ceremony that Xi was to attend, but said they were attacked by a pro-Beijing group in Wan Chai.
Photo: LSD.
Around 20 of the activists were arrested. The LSD's Avery Ng and Figo Chan claimed to have been assaulted by officers on a police van. News outlet HK01 took photos showing an officer pushing Ng against the wall and pulling his hair in a police vehicle.
萬分感謝香港01攝影記者,相信可能是唯一證據指證警察毆打被捕示威者。A million thanks to HK01 photojournalist who captured probably the only evidence that…
Posted by 吳文遠 on Friday, 30 June 2017
Ng told HKFP on Saturday that he was "kicked in the groin" twice.
League of Social Democrats chair Avery Ng describes to HKFP how he was "kicked in the groin two times" by the police this morning. pic.twitter.com/pReGP7sWi1
— Hong Kong Free Press (@HongKongFP) July 1, 2017
There were scratches on his arm and lower back, which he said were inflicted by police officers.
Photo: HKFP/Karen Cheung.
Meanwhile, on Friday, police took away a car belonging to the office of lawmaker Lau Siu-lai on the basis that the vehicle had installed a front-facing camera, a DVD player and tinted windows.
Lau questioned whether the action was politically motivated, as such modifications are commonly seen in the city.
Police also appeared to have taken a stricter approach than usual towards protests.
The force banned pro-independence Hong Kong National Party from holding any assembly, citing public order regulations and possible violations of the Basic Law. The party's convener Chan Ho-tin said he was told by officers that he would not be permitted to hold any event even if he moved it to another location.
HKNP cancelled its gathering owing to a heavy police presence. Photo: Hong Kong National Party, via Facebook.
Despite the ban, the party decided to go ahead with a gathering on Friday evening, but called it off owing to a heavy police presence. The party said police had warned they would arrest members as soon as they began setting up.
Meanwhile, the Civil Human Rights Front was allowed to protest outside Telecom House in Wan Chai on Friday evening, but HKFP noted that the area assigned to the front was much smaller than that given to a pro-China gathering of a similar size a block away. It was also further from Xi's hotel than where the pro-China group was stationed.
Photo: Dan Garrett.
A large number of police officers surrounded around 100 pro-democracy activists. Scuffles ensued as activists attempted to move nearer to Central Plaza.
A police media officer told HKFP at the time that they had closed off the area to stop more people joining the "unlawful assembly."
Authorities also acted quickly to remove pro-democracy banners displayed in public. A banner saying "Democratic self-determination, reclaim Hong Kong" was removed 15 minutes after it appeared at Tai Po Harbour Park on Friday.
Local media cited sources earlier as saying that police officers were instructed to crack down on sensitive slogans and images in order to avoid "embarrassing" Xi.
A banner in Wan Chai. Photo: Catherine Lai/HKFP.
See also: You're all under arrest: How Hong Kong's gov't changed its policy on political protests
'Assault on freedom'
Chief Executive Carrie Lam said Saturday: "We have freedom of speech, freedom of expression, and freedom of assembly. So we respect these activities as long as they are conducted in an orderly manner."
Carrie Lam. Photo: GovHK.
But Maya Wang, senior researcher of NGO Human Rights Watch, told HKFP: "Taken together, these reports probably represent one of the worst assaults on Hong Kong's freedom of assembly since the handover."
"Ms. Carrie Lam must launch an independent investigation into the police handling of Xi's visit, particularly claims regarding the assault and harassment of pro-democracy protesters, or she risks the public further losing its confidence in the independence of the Hong Kong police force."
She added that the issue was wider than the police operation, as it appeared that "thugs and mainland security" had been involved in harassing pro-democracy figures.
'Lack of self-restraint'
Barrister Randy Shek of the Progressive Lawyers Group criticised the police for a "lack of self-restraint" when handling pro-democracy protests.
"The duty of police is to defend and enforce the law, but their acts have infringed upon our constitution," Shek told HKFP. The Basic Law guarantees Hongkongers the rights to a range of freedoms, such as of peaceful assemblies and of expression.
File Photo: HKFP/Catherine Lai.
He said that though there are limits to these freedoms, the restrictions must be proportional and prescribed by law.
"What police have done over the past few days was to get rid of things that they – or they think the powers that be – do not want to see, completely ignoring the constitutional right to freedom of expression," he said.
Shek also said the ban on pro-independence protests was "absolutely outrageous," questioning how the police would know if the activists' words would break the Basic Law.
"It is a question of constitutional law, not criminal law," he said. "As far as I know, the assembly is to mourn the fall of Hong Kong and nothing about succession." He added it was a question for courts, not the police.
Police hold down a pro-democracy protester. Photo: LSD.
But Shek says there lacks an effective mechanism for accountability. Currently, an internal unit of the police force handles complaints against police. Critics argue that the unit is biased towards officers.
The activists may file a judicial review against the police, but Shek said it would mean little even if they won the case, as they would never be able to hold the protest on the original date.
"Under this system, there is nothing we can do. It is not a truly democratic society," the barrister said.
Instead, he said, the key lies in the authorities: "The law is not a tool for those in power to rule over those without power. The rule of law means everyone is equal before the law, including those who have been given the power to make decisions."
"To be very honest with you," he added, "I think the people most responsible for the deterioration of the rule of law are those in power and the police."
Tagged: Avery Ng, Carrie Lam, Freedom of Assembly, Freedom of Expression, Freedom of Speech, Handover, Human Rights Watch, League of Social Democrats, Police, Police Misconduct, Progressive Lawyers Group, Randy Shek, Xi Jinping
Ellie Ng
Ellie Ng has written for Foreign Policy, the Daily Telegraph, Global Voices Online and others.
More by Ellie Ng | {
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As a student in Moscow in the late 90's, my wife Sonja decided it was time to own a cat. As a kid, her parents had always refused to allow a cat into their apartment. Now that she was 18, those rules dissolved and nothing could stop her. It was time. She hopped onto that city's magnificent metro and headed across town to Ptichii Rynok, the large and bustling open air bird market where Muscovites have bought their pets and animals for centuries.
Since she was a little girl Sonja had desperately wanted a cat and more than any other kind of cat she had her heart set on a Russian Blue. Russian Blues are known for their friendly familiarity with people and for being hugely affectionate animals. They have a unique grey-blue colour and an especially dense, double layer of fur that helps to keep out the cold of the Russian winter. They are friendly and playful and actively seek out companionship, preferring to be with people than to be alone. In many ways, they are more like dogs than cats.
It was a typically cold and miserable March morning in Moscow when Sonja arrived at Ptichii Rynok. She made her way through the thawing snowy sludge that is typical of that time of year and excitedly started the search for her kitten. After wandering the market for a while, she found an elderly couple holding exactly what she had been looking for; a tiny mewling Russian Blue. They had travelled the 14 hours by train from Samara, Russia's sixth largest city to sell their kittens at the market. Besides the one they were holding, they had another four kittens inside a plastic box, sheltered from the cold with a fluffy blanket. Each kitten took a short turn outside to catch the eye of customers walking past.
As she asked to see the others, they handed the tiny kitten to her to hold while they opened the box. Now it might have been a clever sales tactic, but the moment she held the struggling little bundle of claws, Sonja felt a powerful bond form and she knew she simply could not hand it back. She had been adamant that she wanted a female for her small 36m2 apartment. This was a wild-eyed, naughty tomcat. She did not care and eagerly asked the price. "$300", came the devastating reply.
This is why the couple had made the long trip. A litter of five Russian Blues was worth $1 500 in the booming Russian capital at the time, a massive amount of money for provincial Russian citizens slowly coming out of the communist system. Sonja's heart sank and she just stood there cradling the little cat which was now purring and nestling deeper into her winter coat. She had $15 in her purse and as a student that was all she could afford at the time.
She is still not sure whether it was simply the look on her face or the way the kitten snuggled into her arms for warmth but something about the scene weakened the hard bargaining resolve of the Samaran kitten sellers. The husband told her that if she paid them everything she had in her purse, they would let him go as they could see their kitten would go to a loving home. How very right they were.
Over the next few years Salvador tore Sonja's little apartment on Leninsky Prospekt to pieces. He shredded the furniture and peed on everything he could reach but she loved him to bits. He had found his human and all that renowned Russian Blue affection came pouring out. He went with her when she moved to Belgrade and to Montenegro after that. He spent his days terrorising the family poodle Alf and brazenly picking fights with the local feral fishing cats in the little coastal village they stayed in. Finally a few years after Sonja and I met in Split, Croatia, in 2003 Salvador arrived in Johannesburg.
By this stage he was known as Debeli (Fatty) because he was a rather tubby 7kg cat. His youthful energy had dissipated to the point where he was a pretty sedate furry cushion on the couch most days. As the years ticked by Fatty hunted less and spent the evenings indoors, preferring a warm lap to his dusk patrol of the garden. He settled in well and loved the mild Johannesburg weather with the exception of one late afternoon hailstorm that pinned him under a tree, wailing louder than the storm itself. Sonja naturally ran into the hail to bring him inside.
Provided with this context, you will appreciate that what happened next was a massive blow. At the age of 12, Salvador suddenly and inexplicably started losing weight. Week after week he got weaker and leaner until, within a few months, he weighed half of what he had before. The bones of his spine started showing and his head started to drop. We took him to the vet and they ran tests for serious illnesses and found nothing wrong. The usual suspects of feline AIDS and cancer where tested for and discarded as possible causes.
We took him to another vet with the same results. The vets both started to prepare Sonja for the worst. At 12 years, Salvador was considered old and they surmised that he probably had the beginnings of organ failure of some kind. To use the typically dry turn of phrase from his native Russia, Salvador was "circling the drain" and I was facing the prospect of an extremely depressed wife.
By now you will understand why Sonja simply could not accept this conclusion. They had tested for every debilitating disease they could and everything had come back negative. Sonja saw that as a positive, a chance. He did not have a serious disease so something else, hopefully less life threatening, could be wrong with him. More than just a pet, Salvador was the one constant, loving feature in a life that had shifted from a turbulent upbringing during the crumbling of Soviet Russia to post war Serbia and Montenegro and finally to a new start in South Africa. He was family; 12 years of love, stories and history. He was a companion and a friend, a character and certainly the most affectionate and loving cat I had ever known. She was devastated by the prospect of losing him.
Sonja decided to do the only thing that she, as a post-doctoral academic, could. She started to read. She googled his symptoms, read what came up, followed the leads and googled some more. She read blogs and comments, articles and academic papers, textbooks and websites. She woke up at 5am and read before work. She read over lunch and into the night. Slowly a picture started to emerge that made sense and something clicked.
Salvador had always had a turbulent and irritable stomach. Although he was on the best food that money could buy in South Africa at the time, Sonja discovered that the food he was on was, somewhat surprisingly and disappointingly, made predominantly from grain.
I would like to pause and make a point here. Our domestic cats are carnivores in the very purest sense of the word. There is very little difference between Fatty and a wild cat besides maybe his markings, his size and his annoying desire to climb under a heavy duvet in winter. One look at him will tell you he is an urban predator; a pocket tiger. His teeth are made for ripping meat, his claws for catching prey. His eyes are located in the front of his head for stalking. He has incredible strength, speed and agility and even as a fat, unfit slouch he would regularly bring mice, lizards and birds into the house as gifts for Sonja. He has yet to bring in a piece of bread or steal a mielie from the table. He is a meat-eating machine, not a plant-eating herbivore.
So it turned out that Fatty the carnivore appeared to have been raised predominantly on a diet of corn and starch. The small amount of meat that was in the food also turned out to be of very low quality making it far less bio-available for absorption in the digestive tract than higher quality meat would be. It was arguably hardly food fit for a cat at all. He had been fed junk under the label of premium quality his entire life and it was catching up. As a younger cat he pulled enough goodness out of the food to keep going but now his older body could no longer absorb the nutrients in poor quality, species inappropriate food and he was losing ground fast.
Cats, it turns out, have evolved to have no carbohydrate requirement and therefore handle them very badly indeed when they encounter them in their food. Their systems are built rather to process fats and proteins. It will probably come as a surprise to you then that the US Food and Drug Administration does not allow the disclosure of carbohydrates on pet food packaging. For some inexplicable reason, all other nutrients must be listed in the guaranteed analysis but not carbohydrates. It is widely surmised that after successful lobbying by many of the massive multinationals that manufacture these foods, the US declared that no bag of cat food or dog food is allowed to disclose the amount of the nutrient most likely to cause them harm. Why? Because people started noticing what Sonja noticed and started asking why their cat foods were full of corn. The response of most big pet food companies was not to do what was best for the animals and reformulate their foods to contain more meat and less carbs. They chose rather to hide the fact that their foods contain massive amounts of carbs with obstructive and inexplicable legislation.
The question that needs answering here is why we are feeding our cats – and dogs it turns out – grain and plant proteins instead of meat in the first place. It is fairly clear that they have evolved to need the latter. Like so many other ethically flawed situations in our world, the answer seems to involve large corporate multinationals and profit. It is far cheaper to formulate and manufacture food in high volume using grain and pump the savings into massive marketing campaigns than it is to use expensive ingredients and market more truthfully and sparingly. The expensive marketing will convince you that you are buying the very best for your pet but the cheap ingredients on the back of the bag do not corroborate this claim.
A product made by mixing grain for bulk, plant proteins to replace meat proteins, cheap meat by-products and rendered animal derivatives to meet minimum requirements and finished with flavouring and powerful chemical preservatives may well keep your pet alive but it will not thrive. There is mounting evidence that the higher incidence of diabetes, urinary tract issues, certain cancers, liver and kidney problems and many of the 'softer' issues our pets experience so regularly now such as allergies, joint issues, irritable bowel syndrome, and obesity are a result of a poor quality food and a biologically inappropriate diet. We don't feed steaks to horses. Why are we feeding maize to cats? In fact the one time we did start feeding meat to cattle, we got Mad Cow Disease for our trouble. Millions of years of evolution can't be overlooked here and we do so at our peril.
I am not saying that cheaper commercial foods do not have a place. Feeding dogs and cats on fresh meat can be expensive and more economical options are definitely needed. My issue here is that you can't in good conscience feed a carnivore on a predominantly grain and plant based diet, market this diet as though it is predominantly meat and then turn a blind eye to the side effects of doing so. "Chicken", "Lamb" or "Beef" covers the front of the bag in huge letters with juicy pictures while your first ingredient listed is cereal or maize in fine print on the back. It is misleading and it is wrong. Ingredients are always listed in the order of precooked weight starting with the ingredient making up the highest proportion of the food. If the first ingredient is a grain, you can be fairly sure that you are feeding your cat something that it was not built to eat.
Pets obviously don't have a voice to object. We buy or rescue them, lock them up in a house or garden and feed them. They don't get to choose their food and when you are hungry enough you eat what is put down in front of you. We put our trust in the companies that manufacture these foods to make sure that our beloved animals are getting the best possible nutrition. I believe that mandate has been abused. If we simply can't afford to feed them what they are built to eat and what they need to survive, then there is a poignant question to answer about whether we should breed and own them in such numbers at all.
Sonja found a high-quality, meat-based food for Salvador and converted him onto it. He regained some of the weight he had lost, coming to a halt at a far more athletic 4.5kg and is in the best shape of his life at age 15. He behaves like a kitten again for the first time in a decade. He regularly jumps onto the back of my 50kg Ridgeback, demands his respect and gets it. His stomach is still a weak link in his health, however, and we fear that damage may have been done by years of inappropriate food.
If you would like to know more about pet food and how various foods rate, you can go to independent pet food rating sites such as www.dogfoodadvisor.com or www.dogfoodanalysis.com for dogs or to sites like cats.lovetoknow.com/dry-cat-food-ratings for cats.
Disclosure: Sonja's journey with Salvador has led her away from Russian art history and icon restoration to a new career in biologically appropriate foods in which I am also involved part time. I purposely did not and will not name any food brands in this article as I believe that the central purpose and message here is simply to make an informed decision based on current thinking and your own research. Know what your animal's biological needs are and be cynical enough to turn your bag of food around and read the ingredients carefully. There are bad products out there and there are good ones. You need to know which you are feeding to your pets. | {
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Arsenal quoted £40million for transfer target
by Daniel Blazer share
8/2/2015 | 10:04am
If Arsene Wenger wants to bring Marco Verratti from the Parc des Princes to the Emirates in the summer transfer window, it will cost £40million, that is according to the Daily Star.
Verratti, who signed a new five-year deal with the Ligue 1 champions towards the back end of last year, has been a relative mainstay for Laurent Blanc's side so far this season with the Italian international making 29 appearances across all competitions for the French club.
With Mikel Arteta signing a new one-year contract extension, as well as Francis Coquelin penning a fresh four-and-a-half-year deal, competition is still rife in the middle of the park for Arsene Wenger's side. However, Verratti, who has 10 caps for the Azzurri, has been deployed at times as a defensive-midfielder during the current campaign for PSG, which may well be behind Wenger's thinking despite the emergence of Coquelin.
Arsenal welcome Leicester City to the Emirates on Tuesday as they look to bounceback quickly from the North London derby defeat.
Article title: Arsenal quoted £40million for transfer target | {
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Worker suffers work injury at generation station
On Behalf of The Law Office of Gary C. Nelson | Jan 24, 2014 | Workplace Accidents |
Any kind of work or operation inside of an electrical generation station can be dangerous. Workers are highly trained to work around the electrical components. However, those who are there to do a job unrelated to electricity can suffer from a work injury also. Any California carpenter who works on any industrial site may want to follow the story of a recent work injury at an electrical generation station in another state.
The carpenter was on the site with another carpenter to install some trim around a rollup door at the generating station. He was on an aerial lift platform at the time of the accident. He was only about four feet off the ground when the aerial platform rolled. This caused the man to be pinned between the door he was working on and the platform.
The man was pinned and suffered an injury to his chest. He underwent surgery to help relieve the pressure. Work was halted at the site, and Occupational Safety and Health was notified about the incident. The age of the man and the exact nature of his injuries were not reported.
The man who was injured at this particular electric generating station, which is located in Alaska, may lose wages as he struggles to recover. He may also have medical bills to deal with because of the work injury. In California and elsewhere, worker's compensation laws are in place to protect workers from financial consequences if they are injured while simply doing their job. An investigation into this incident or any other work injury can help industry leaders find safer ways to operate machinery and new ways to train workers so they can avoid future work injury situation.
Source: adn.com, Worker injured at Matanuska Electric building site, No author, Jan. 22, 2014 | {
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for Keller City Council
© 2019 by Eric Schmidt Proudly created with Wix.com. Paid for by Eric Schmidt campaign.
Oops. Mea culpa. I made a mistake. Please forgive me. Around Feb 2, I replied to about 150 residents about the FLUP because they had written mayorandcouncil objecting to it. In my response, I unfortunately included the sentence highlighted in gray which referred to my re-election campaign which was about to begin.
Bad me. Very sorry. I was reminded the following week that using city resources for campaigning is not allowed. So directing folks to a web site I hadn't touched in 3 years was wrong. Having a city email and campaigning is new territory for me, and I made an oops. So the following Monday I went to the City Secretary and filed a report against myself with the Texas Ethics Commission - and I am the second person in Texas history to do that! I am so transparent, I'll rat myself in when I am wrong, even if it's a relatively tiny wrong. Please forgive me.
Late March, I received their response shown below. In the 3rd paragraph it says "The complaint appears to allege that, as an officer or employee of a political subdivision, you spent or authorized the spending of public funds for political advertising, in violation of section 255.003 of the Election Code. ... In addition, please note that "political advertising" does not include an individual communication made by email but does include mass emails involving an expenditure of funds beyond the basic cost of hardware, messaging software, and bandwidth. Therefore, the complaint does not state on its face facts that, if true, would constitute a violation of a law enforced by the Commission and does not sufficiently indicate the manner and means by which the violation allegedly occurred."
So, no harm. No foul. No violation of TX law. But lesson learned though. Thank you for your gracious understanding. | {
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Mountain State has to offer!
Rick Steelhammer is a staff writer for the Charleston Gazette. He writes a weekly column for the paper, "Out There" that takes him to every part of West Virginia exploring the curious and not-so-curious aspects of the state. | {
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Every time a balikbayan cousin visits, a trip to Bistro Remedios is always in order.
There are newer and more popular Filipino restaurants from the same LJC group, like Lorenzo's Way and Fely J's in Greenbelt, and Abe in Serendra, Trinoma and MOA.
But Bistro Remedios remains my #1 favorite.
1. Knockout Knuckle – aka Crispy Pata Bawang, a whole leg of pork deep fried in garlic and chilies. Its skin is crackly-crunchy, its meat tender and tasty, with nary a hint of grease. This is the kind of dish you will risk clogging your arteries for. It is Manila's very best.
2. Laing – taro leaves simmered in spicy coconut cream. Do not worry, it is more creamy than spicy. A hint of sweetness even. The best I've ever had.
Tonight we order just a few more dishes.
Crispy Tadyang – marinated beef ribs deep fried to a delicious crispiness. Widely copied but in vain.
As usual, we've gone wild and ordered way too much. Oooops.
Guess who obediently finishes all the food?
Mango Jubilee – vanilla ice cream topped with flambéed banana balls. The perfect ending. | {
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Creamy toasted malt. Good stout.
Some sweet chocolate and toffee notes, but there's a little too much smoke; almost a burnt taste. Good to try, but I won't go back.
Nice and smooth. Full of malt flavor.
It's ok. Not worth buying again. | {
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How Much Does Therapy Cost? Plus 7 Tips for Finding Affordable Options
By Carmen ChaiMedically Reviewed by Allison Young, MD
Pro tip: Ask if your therapist offers a sliding payment scale.Getty Images
If you've been thinking about therapy but are deterred by the fees, you're not alone.
Thirty-three percent of Americans say that the cost of therapy is the biggest roadblock they face in getting the mental health care they need, according to an online survey conducted in 2020 by SingleCare, a prescription savings service that partners with pharmacies to offer consumers lower medication costs.
The poll (of 1,000 Americans; sex and age were census-balanced to match that of the U.S. population) also found that 43 percent of respondents skipped an appointment to save money.
Other data (collected as part of the National Health Interview Survey in 2019) suggests 46 percent of Americans who sought therapy chose their mental health practitioner on the basis of affordability and their insurance coverage, which trumped important factors like expertise, years of experience, and even finding a therapist with a similar background.
"The cost of therapy will range significantly depending on the expert you're seeing, whether you are from an urban or less-populated area, and whether your insurance provides coverage," says Lynn Bufka, PhD, a licensed clinical psychologist and the associate chief of practice transformation at the American Psychological Association (APA), where she works on healthcare policy issues and improving mental health care delivery. Price can definitely be a barrier for individuals, she adds.
How Much Does Therapy Cost?
There are no hard-and-fast rules for how much therapists may charge you. Organizations like the American Psychological Association (APA), the American Counseling Association, and the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) do not provide patients with estimates for the cost of therapy because there are too many moving parts involved, from where therapists are located to their years of experience and areas of specialization.
The therapist directory GoodTherapy suggests that an hourlong session can range from $65 to more than $250 for Americans without insurance, with most patients paying between $100 and $200.
The variations in cost will depend in part on these factors:
Location Anticipate paying higher fees if your therapist is practicing in a city with higher living costs, such as San Francisco, Los Angeles, or New York, rather than a smaller town or less-expensive region, according to Liz Morrison, LCSW, a New York City–based psychotherapist and the owner of Liz Morrison Therapy. Her New York City clinic, which specializes in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), charges $225 per session. On the other hand, Lynn Linde, EdD, the chief knowledge officer at the American Counseling Association, charges $125 per session in Baltimore, where she practices.
Type of practitioner and their expertise Count on therapists with extensive training or niche areas of specialization to charge more than their counterparts who are establishing their practice and building up their clientele. Dr. Bufka notes that the type of practitioner you work with will also affect the cost — counselors and social workers may charge less than psychologists and psychiatrists. Typically, providers with more advanced degrees or education will be the ones charging more. According to the life insurance provider Northwestern Mutual, some psychiatrists, who are medical doctors and can diagnose mental disorders and prescribe medication, charge as much as $300 to $500 for an initial assessment.
Online versus in-person therapy Subscription services like BetterHelp or Talkspace may be more affordable than in-person therapy with a provider. BetterHelp charges a $60 to $90 weekly subscription fee, which includes a real-time therapy session done via videoconferencing and the ability to message your therapist anytime.
Setting Group therapy will usually be far cheaper than one-on-one sessions. Morrison says a single session of group therapy can start as low as $50 to $75. Dr. Linde says not to assume you're getting lower-quality or less-effective care if you opt for group therapy. "You're in a microcosm of individuals with similar kinds of issues supporting each other and finding ways of changing behaviors together," she explains.
Does Insurance Cover the Cost of Therapy?
It depends. Some therapists submit claims to insurance companies the way other doctors and clinicians do, and they may work only with certain plans. Other therapists will ask you to pay for services up front and then submit the claim to your insurance company yourself to get reimbursed for all or part of the service.
Whether your insurance plan covers part or all of the cost of therapy for mental health depends on your provider and your specific plan.
Mental Health Parity Laws Require Insurance Reimbursement for Treatment of Mental Illness, but Not All Mental Health Care
Many insurance plans help cover some of the costs of therapy for mental health, according to NAMI.
And legally, many plans are required to provide equivalent coverage for any care related to the treatment of a mental health diagnosis, as the plan would pay for physical health issues.
Under the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act, passed in 2008, insurance companies cannot charge higher copays or deductibles for treatment related to diagnosed mental health disorders. This law applies to most employer-provided health insurance and individual plans purchased through state and federal health insurance, according to the APA.
NAMI provides resources for individuals who suspect their insurance provider is not following these regulations.
But note that this mental health parity legislation requires coverage only for clinically diagnosed mental health disorders. That means that if you're seeking therapy for mental or emotional health without a diagnosis, your insurance isn't legally required to pay for it, Bufka says.
"Health insurance is predicated on treating a health condition, so when you're billing your insurance provider, it must show what the diagnosis is and what service was provided," Bufka says. Some insurance providers and plans may still cover preventive mental services (or therapy without a clinical diagnosis), but the only way to know is to check your specific plan and policy details.
It's worth noting that an additional barrier to effective mental health care coverage by insurance companies is inadequate provider networks. If there's a shortage of mental health providers who are "in network" (providers your insurance company will reimburse you for seeing), it's going to be challenging for you to get good mental health care.
NAMI research suggests that mental health office visits are five times more likely to be out-of-network than primary care doctor's appointments. Its 2016 report found that Americans have a harder time finding in-network providers for mental health care than for general and specialty medical care.
This problem is assumed to have been exacerbated by rising demand for therapy and mental health services since the pandemic. A 2021 poll from the APA suggests that psychologists have been dealing with increased workloads, longer patient waiting lists, and low capacity for new patients.
How Do I Find Out if My Insurance Covers Therapy?
To find out if your insurance provider will cover the therapy and practitioner you're interested in, you'll likely need to do some research before your first appointment. You can:
Contact your insurance provider. For starters, pick up the phone and call your insurance company to ask for detailed information on what's covered, a list of approved therapists or mental health services in your neighborhood, and how you can make a claim, Bufka says. Your provider's website may have an online portal where you can see what services are on offer and connect with therapists who are in network.
Contact your therapist. Check your therapist's website or contact them directly to see which insurance plans they accept and if they'll submit claims directly to your insurance company (or if you need to do it after your appointment), Morrison says. You may learn at this step that the therapist you were hoping to work with is not in network and doesn't accept insurance at all. Note: That doesn't necessarily mean your insurance company won't cover some or all of the costs of your care, but if the provider doesn't work directly with insurance companies, you may be on the hook for paying for service up front and then sending the necessary paperwork to your insurance company (if your insurer will reimburse you), Morrison says.
Consider contacting your employer's human resources department. If your health insurance is provided by your employer, you may be able to get started by contacting your HR department. In some cases, they may have an employee assistance program to connect you with the resources you need. But remember, whether or not you choose to disclose to your employer (or your HR department) that you are seeking therapy for mental health is up to you. And know that you are never legally required to disclose a psychiatric issue to an employer (unless you are requesting a job accommodation).
7 Tips for Finding More-Affordable Therapy for Mental Health
Whether you have insurance or not, there are ways to make the help and counseling you need more affordable.
Know what your insurance plan covers and what it doesn't. Many insurance companies provide some mental health care coverage. Start by researching the details of your plan and options in your area to have some of the costs of your mental health care covered by your insurance plan. If you get insurance through your employer, many companies provide benefits, such as a flexible spending account, which is an annual lump sum of cash you can use for health, fitness, and wellness. This funding could be applied toward a few therapy sessions. Some companies also offer employee assistance programs, which include third-party counseling when you need it. Many colleges and universities have guidance counselors on staff who can provide either free or low-cost therapy as well.
Ask about a sliding scale. If your therapist doesn't accept insurance, he or she may provide a sliding scale, which is a reduced fee for clients who can't afford to pay for their full rate. If this isn't on offer, you can ask about a payment plan instead, so you aren't footing the full fee up front, Linde says.
Join a support group. Online or in-person support groups can be more affordable than one-on-one therapy and can offer big mental health benefits.
In some cases, these groups are free of charge, such as Alcoholics Anonymous, and provide you with group counseling, mentorship, and a sense of community for people with shared experiences.
Research low-cost or free therapy services. NAMI suggests looking into federally funded health centers that help underserved areas or populations, or provide a sliding scale fee. NAMI keeps a lengthy list of free clinics and nonprofits that focus on providing affordable counseling to low-income Americans.
Use databases that filter according to price. Make use of databases like the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Treatment Locator or Medicare provider list to filter therapists according to cost of treatment and insurance coverage.
Get care from a trainee. You may live near an academic medical center where psychology and psychiatry residents are practicing under the supervision of licensed therapists. This can be a great option to receive affordable care, Bufka says.
Try a subscription service. Therapy that's provided over the phone and via videoconferencing from companies like BetterHelp start at just $60 to $90 per session — or $240 a month, which can be the cost of a single in-person session in some cases.
Editorial Sources and Fact-Checking
Mental Health Survey 2020. SingleCare. May 6, 2020.
Americans Feel Good About Counseling. Barna. February 27, 2018.
How Much Does Therapy Cost? GoodTherapy. 2022.
How Much Does Therapy Cost? Thervo. 2022.
How Much Does Therapy Cost, and How Do You Pay for It? Northwestern Mutual. December 22, 2021.
How Much Does BetterHelp Cost? Price of Better Help Therapy. BetterHelp. March 30, 2022.
Understanding Health Insurance. National Alliance on Mental Illness. 2022.
Resources on the Mental Health Parity Law. American Psychological Association. 2014.
Health Insurers Still Don't Adequately Cover Mental Health Treatment. National Alliance on Mental Illness. March 13, 2020.
Types of Health Insurance. National Alliance on Mental Illness. 2022.
Understanding Psychotherapy and How It Works. American Psychological Association. March 16, 2022.
Worsening Mental Health Crisis Pressures Psychologist Workforce — 2021 COVID-19 Practitioner Survey. American Psychological Association. October 19, 2021.
Find Support Groups. Mental Health America. 2022.
I Need a Psychiatrist/Psychotherapist but I Can't Afford It. Where Can I Find Affordable Treatment? National Alliance on Mental Illness. March 4, 2022.
What Is Mental Health Parity? National Alliance on Mental Illness.
What to Do if You're Denied Care by Your Insurance. National Alliance on Mental Illness.
Depression, PTSD, & Other Mental Health Conditions in the Workplace: Your Legal Rights. U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. December 12, 2016.
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All About Trauma: What It Is, Short- and Long-Term Effects, How to Cope With It, and When to Get Help
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All About Loneliness: What Causes It, How to Cope With It, and When to Get Help | {
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Hi I'm Daniel, I'm a freelance portrait/headshot photographer and I shoot professional actors headshots and corporate headshots. I'm based in Acton, West London and I shoot a mix of natural light and studio light. Actors also get 50 FREE business cards from Moo.com included in a full price headshot shoot.
Also, be comfortable! Don't wear something you can't move around in. How would you turn up to that casting? Feel at home.
Grey clouds in a studio tend to fill the room. Brush your travel woes off and breathe! Give yourself plenty of time to get to the studio. There's no rush!
There is no easier way to look great on camera than to just be who you are. You shouldn't ever feel like you have to be something you are not.
A couple of years ago I worked my socks off trying to get as much research as possible done with actors from all over. It became obvious that the industry needed to move forward somehow. From my own experience as a professional headshot photographer and an ex actor too, the only way I personally know how to help, is to try and save time for the actors themselves, commercial casting directors and agents by creating Headshot 3D. The first ever 360 degree actors headshot. I know this technology is early, but it's positive intention is to reduce the workload for agents and more importantly, time and money for all the actors taking days off of work to travel across the country to turn left and right. You get a 360 view of the person you are hiring in SECONDS.
Thank you to Mandy.com for believing in Headshot 3D. I currently have them as a partner and now I'm looking for other casting networks and online agencies to put this in the spotlight. | {
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Q: Full width footer issue At the moment a site I am working on (4beaufort.co.uk) has a footer (#page-bottom) with the css properties:
#page-bottom {
width:100%;
margin-top:3%;
margin-left:0%;
margin-right:0%;
margin-bottom:0%;
position:absolute;}
I had to make the div position absolute so to force it to fit across 100% of the screen as before, for some reason I have not been able to work out, it only stretched to about 98% of the screen leaving a small gap on the right hand side. This is fine, but it's not a great solution as it is causing all content above the footer to scroll slightly horizontally?
Can anyone work out where I am going wrong?
Have looked for ages throughout the style sheet to see if I've mis-set a container etc. Have set all containers to 100% width etc...
A: I think u have used 100% width and set padding for the same class or id in your stylesheet. thats not with #page-bottom . check all the id's and classes inside the page. its something with the #page in the stylesheet.
A: Remove the position:absolute and use float:left. That's it!
| {
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On a Columnar Self Summary and Analysis by Emily Dickinson: 2022
September 9, 2022 October 15, 2016 by Abhishek Mitra
Last updated on September 9th, 2022 at 04:22 pm
'On a Columnar Self' is a short poem by Emily Dickinson. The poem consist of three stanzas of four lines each. The poem does not follow a specific rhyme scheme. In this poem, Emily Dickinson imagines the self as a column. What are some of the characteristics that can be associated with a column? Durability, Strength, Loftiness, Stability, to name a few. Well, the poet refers to these aspects of a column in the context of a human being.
The phrase 'columnar self'' refers to that self which has shaped itself up like a column. Such a self has many of the column's desirable traits mentioned in the previous paragraph.
The poet begins by stating that such a columnar self would be sufficiently dependable even under difficult or extreme circumstances. A person with such a 'self' would have the strength and reliability to deal with such situations.
The poet finds relief at the certainty of the fact that such a person's conviction cannot be pried open by a lever or divided by a wedge. The poet calls this conviction, the granitic base of the column. Just like the column's granite base, the conviction of the columnar self has the strength and stability to not be easily dislodged.
Too often, people forgo their beliefs and convictions just to side with the majority, even when they know that they themselves are in the right. The poet says that the column-like self, will not compromise on its convictions, even when it finds itself alone.
Also Read: Summary of "PAIN has an element of blank" by Emily Dickinson: 2022
The poet says that such a self would have the capacity to stand against the crowd. It would not be alone, though. It would have righteousness for company.
A combination of the self and righteousness would be a powerful combination indeed. The poet says that such a combination would be close to God. She calls God the furthest spirit. By this she refers to God's status as the ultimate spirit, a spiritual status so far above that of mere mortals that it would be near impossible for anyone achieve it. However with firm convictions and righteousness, it would be possible to approach these levels of spiritual enlightenment.
This poem is a rallying cry for individualism. It states that the strength of the column-like self must not be underestimated and a person who is willing to go against the tide for just cause, would be on his/her path to achieving divinity.
The poet, who was somewhat of a recluse, did not conform to many norms of the society of her day, as is evident from some of her poems. She also followed a unique style of writing which did not follow the conventions of poetry of that time. She understood the power of one's own convictions and knew that sometimes it was worth standing against the crowd for the sake of righteousness.
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Also Read: A Narrow Fellow in the Grass Analysis by Emily DIckinson
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Categories Emily Dickinson
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I have a few cars that have a hard time remaining on the rails of my ez track turnouts, will replacing the plastic wheels with steel help? what are the best quality cars to buy.
In my opinion, a track and wheel gauge is one of the three "must have" tools when when it comes to troubleshooting your railroad. The other two are a small, 12 volt light bulb with clip leads to check electrical problems and a low cost postal or dietary scale to check car weights.
I was having this problem today with a brand new nickel/silver turnout. After much frustration and many dirty words, I found the problem. As you come into the turnout from the single end, you first meet the movable points. Continue toward the frog and you will find fixed rails in the shape of a V with the open end toward you. In my case, one of these fixed rails did not align with the back side of the movable points. When a wheel hit this, there would be an audible click and instant derailment. A little careful adjusting with my needle nose pliers and no more problems! I hope this is of help to you.
I appreciate the help, I will check mine later. Thanks.
Wow - there are several posts all about the trials and trib's of E-Z turnouts. As I have said before, I am just getting back into HO, and of my 10-12 Standard switches, only one has a small miss-allignment on 1 point. The new #4 switches are fine also.
One new thing that happened to me was this - all of a sudden, every time the train hit a particular switch(not the one mentioned above), off the rails it went - I was befuddled, as I had no problems up to this point. I then found the turnout green wire had moved some, and was 'jacking up' the side of the turnout - yep only about 1/16 + inch, but that was enough to cause the derail. I pulled the wire back to its little notch, and no more derails - soooo - obviously a level switch(side to side) is very important.
it's not so much the levelness of the track, but the sudden twist that throws things off the track. some modellers actually bank their curves so that trains lean toward the center of the curve, with good results. but their transitions from level to tilted are gradual.
Here's my experience with EZ Track remote turnouts. First I had to do some filing and very slight bending. That reduced my derails significantly but not completely. I'm running a 2-8-4 on 18" curves. A lot of my problems were with the pilot and trailing trucks. So I took them off. That helped quite a bit more. I'm new at this and am learning as I go. I've done a little tinkering with the frogs, and will start paying closer attention to the coupler pins.
For what its worth I found most of my derailments were caused by low coupler pins. After adjustment (Kadee makes a tool for this) no more derailments (Mostly).
One of my turnouts had a condition that caused frequent derailments. The points were not held firmly in place against the rail nor were they held to the track section below the points. The bracket was loose enough that the points would rock slightly and loose enough that the vibration from a passing train moved the points out from the track. The trick is to stablize the points without binding them. Sufficient tension needs to be maintained to keep the points in place under use. When placing a turnout for the final build, a critical evaluation of its serviceability needs to be made, especially if it will occupy a remote or a high traffic location.
A coupler height gauge does indeed make a great fourth tool, but it is not absolutely essential. My trusty NMRA track and wheel gauge has a slot for measuring coupler height and the gauge itself is 1/32" thick, exactly right for checking the height of the coupler pins. If the pin will clear the gauge laid flat on the track, it will clear all the parts of a properly made turnout. But watch out for Kadee uncoupling magnets - occasionally you will find one that sticks up more than 1/32" above the tops of the rails. Or am I the only one still using Kadee #321 uncoupling magnets?
Kadee coupler pin pliers are also a great tool to have but somehow we managed without it for years and years before it was invented. Same with a journal reamer. We have come a long way since the days when my tool box was limited to a rock, a bent butter knife and a dull pair of kid's scissors.
Well hello again - so I am going to ask the naughty question, the one I have yet to see, or maybe I missed it.
Some background first - What I have seen, over a few years, is a large amount of discussions on the HO EZ switches, (I think there is at least 4 different titled ones in progress right now)particularly the #5, #6, and crossovers. I agree with the previous writer, and many others who have said, that the movable rails are way too loose at the rivets. When the engine hits the loose rail, it moves sort of sideways, pulling the point away from the rail, and you get derails.
So here is the big question - It seems to me, that in all of these threads, past and present that I have seen, I have yet to ever see any comments from Bachamnn why this has been so, and why hasnt it been taken up by a quality control issue team, especially when these switches are getting expensive? Or have I missed seeing such a comment? Maybe they have addressed it, but the old switches are still flooded in the market?
very good points. the cost and quality control issues, and not just with bachmann but with many other brands as well, are why i now build my own. if i mess up and build a bad one i am only out about $3 for materials. and that is a worst case scenario. most of the time i can take the switch apart and fix the problem area reusing the original components.
loose point rails and pivots have affected every brand of switch i've ever used, including peco and atlas.
At the end of the day, I became so frustrated with my EZ-track turnouts that I just got rid of them and substituted Atlas Code 100 turnouts.
It is also very important to make sure that your track is perfectly level. Otherwise, the longer cars will have trouble at turnouts.
Problem solved! I can enjoy my layout now and I couldn't before.
Every bit of information I've gotten from this bulletin board has been helpful. Each and every step I take decreases the number of turnout derailments I suffer. The weight on some of my rolling stock was way off, and some of the couplers and pins were low. Those corrections helped a little more.
I checked all the cars with the standards gauge and there were no problems with the wheels.
The only derailments I have now are while backing through a turnout. Mostly it's the car trying to get through a turnout with a longer car coming next. Even at very slow speeds. Other times it's the longer car that derails.
I'm not glued down yet and wonder if there might be some slight movement in the track that adds to the problem.
As always I appreciate any suggestions! | {
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Family of Florida husband who kept wife's body in freezer for Social Security benefits repays cash
File image.
The heirs of a Florida man who hid his wife's death by placing her body in a freezer for eight years to collect her Social Security benefits has repaid the stolen money, the government said.
Officials discovered the body of Margaret Dunn after her husband, Allan Dunn, died in 2010, The U.S. Attorney's Office for the Middle District of Florida announced on Friday. The couple lived in a condominium in Sun City Center until Margaret Dunn died in 2002.
Allan Dunn collected $92,088 in benefits years after his wife's death. His heirs claimed they were unaware Dunn had concealed her death.
The heirs agreed to hand over Dunn's only asset, the condominium, and put up it up for sale.
Read more on FOX NEWS.
Driver dies after crashing into tree in Downtown Austin | {
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Cryptocurrencies were once believed to be a distant dream when developers first came up with the concept and began exploring potential solutions to bring the dream to life back in the 1990s. However, over a decade after the concept was born, a developer with the alias Satoshi Nakamoto introduced bitcoin. This coin featured revolutionary design concepts that enabled it to work in ways that developers once only dreamed of. Since the emergence of bitcoin, there have been several other cryptocurrencies that have come to the scene to take their own piece of the cryptocurrency pie. They include coins such as Litecoin, Monero, Ethereum, and others. Cryptocurrencies have become so widely popular that they have since become a lucrative investment opportunity for those who dare to get involved. Getting started with investments in cryptocurrency can seem daunting, but it doesn't have to be. Cryptocurrency: The Complete Beginner's Guide to Investing and Trading in Cryptocurrencies is the perfect guide to help shine a light on this opportunity and get you started with investing and trading cryptocurrencies. Within this beginner's guide, you will be walked through the process of understanding exactly what cryptocurrencies are, introduced to the most popular cryptocurrencies on the modern market, and taught how to buy, use, trade, and store these currencies. Unlike traditional currencies, there are certain steps that need to be taken to maintain security around these unique coins. All of these topics will be discussed within this guidebook, and more. In addition to helping you get to know the basics, you will also be given some of the best tips available to help you master the modern cryptocurrency marketplace.If you are ready to tackle the world of cryptocurrency investments and begin making power moves in the cryptocurrency world, you have come to the right place. Grab your copy and start making power moves today! 1. Language: English. Narrator: Matyas J.. Audio sample: http://samples.audible.de/bk/acx0/134226/bk_acx0_134226_sample.mp3. Digital audiobook in aax. | {
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Publication dateApril, 2005
The Horla
Translated by CHARLOTTE MANDELL
Part of The Art of the Novella
Our woe is upon us.
This chilling tale of one man's descent into madness was published shortly before the author was institutionalized for insanity, and so, The Horla has inevitably been seen as informed by Guy de Maupassant's mental illness. While such speculation is murky, it is clear that de Maupassant—hailed alongside Chekhov as father of the short story—was at the peak of his powers in this innovative precursor of first-person psychological fiction. Indeed, he worked for years on The Horla's themes and form, first drafting it as "Letter from a Madman," then telling it from a doctor's point of view, before finally releasing the terrified protagonist to speak for himself in its devastating final version. In a brilliant new translation, all three versions appear here as a single volume for the first time.
GUY DE MAUPASSANT was born in Normandy in 1850. At twenty he served in the Franco-Prussian War, then studied writing with his mother's friend Gustave Flaubert (perhaps believing rumors, which persist, that Flaubert was his father). In 1880 he published his first story, "Boule de Suif," which was hailed as a masterpiece. He quit his civil service job and soon published the collection, La Maison Tellier. He would go on to publish 300 stories and six novels, includingBel-Ami and Pierre et Jean, while living the life of a bon vivant. In the late 1880s, however, he began to show signs of syphilitic mental illness, and in 1891, was institutionalized after a suicide attempt. He died in a mental asylum in 1893.
The Art of the Novella
Melville House celebrates this renegade art form and its practitioners with titles that are, in many instances, presented in book form for the first time. Twenty-nine novellas are currently available.
The Duel Heinrich von Kleist
Bartleby the Scrivener Herman Melville
Parnassus on Wheels Christopher Morley
May Day F. Scott Fitzgerald
Tales of Belkin Alexander Pushkin
The Death of Ivan Ilych Leo Tolstoy
The Dialogue of the Dogs Miguel de Cervantes
Mathilda Mary Shelley
The Nice Old Man and the Pretty Girl Italo Svevo
The Girl with the Golden Eyes Honoré de Balzac
Available in Ebook only
Freya of the Seven Isles Joseph Conrad
The Eternal Husband Fyodor Dostoevsky
The Lifted Veil George Eliot
The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg Mark Twain
A Sleep and a Forgetting WIlliam Dean Howells | {
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Мерцедес W10 (представяне)
13/02/2019 09:55, Огнян Тенчев (drJeckyll), 1072/2869 прочита, 2 коментара
Мерцедес показаха новият си болид W10 на пистата Силвърстоун.
(авторски права на снимките - Мерцедес)
(снимкит от twitter)
https://twitter.com/SkySportsF1/status/1095643619501981696
https://twitter.com/MercedesAMGF1/status/1095658466646069249
https://twitter.com/PET_Motorsports/status/1095664849814720512
https://twitter.com/MercedesAMGF1/status/1095636827501936640/video/1
Люис Хамилтън:
I had a great Christmas with my family and then I went snowmobiling, I went skiing, I went surfing with Kelly Slater, which was amazing. I completely switched off from racing for a while, trying to focus and re-centre myself and training hard for the new season. 2018 was a great year, but I feel like 2019 can be even better. I want to achieve more, I want to continue to keep pushing. I feel energised and I'm ready to attack.
I'm really looking forward to the next step of our journey together with Mercedes and embarking on what's not been done before. This is my seventh year with the team and the energy and the determination within the team are really inspiring. The buzz really starts at the beginning of the year when you see the car coming together. And then you get to the shakedown and you get into the car - it just never gets old. It feels like a real privilege - so many people have worked together to form that car and you know how much hard work has gone into it. Driving the new car is like meeting someone new for the first time - you want to get to know them the best way as quick as possible as you embark on a journey together.
Валтери Ботас:
I had a really good winter; I'm full of energy and I'm looking forward to the new season. I started my first training camp in early January and have been on a good path ever since. I did most of my training in Finland, first in the south close to my home town, then further north in Lapland because that's where you get a proper winter. The conditions are quite harsh, it's freezing cold, snow is guaranteed, but it's a great environment to exercise and prepare your mind and your body for the upcoming fight.
I am excited for the new season and that everyone starts with zero points. We are all on the same line and 2019 can bring anything; I'm going to go all in this year. There was quite a bit of criticism at some stages of 2018, but that's actually been a positive thing for me because it's given me an extra boost! I'm now looking forward to drive the new car for the first time. The car has changed quite a bit because of the aero regulations changes, so it will be interesting to get an idea of how the car feels and how it handles. You never know what to expect and so it's exciting to jump in the car and discover it, to try to get a feel of the balance of the car and its behaviour. We do already push the car in the shakedown to get a feel for it.
Тото Волф:
The 2019 season will be a new challenge for all of us. The regulations have changed quite substantially. We have to start from scratch, we need to prove ourselves again - against our own expectations and against our competitors. We start the season with zero points, so we're taking nothing for granted and there's absolutely no feeling of entitlement to be at the front. In fact, with the regulation change for the new season, every team can have a shot at the title and we're seeing all of them as a potential threat.
We're eager to hit the ground running in Barcelona, to benchmark ourselves against our own simulations and see if our predictions materialise on track. We will focus on ourselves, building up performance and hopefully be ready when the first really competitive session starts on Saturday in Melbourne.
Джеймс Алисън:
Regulation changes are both opportunity and threat. They are an opportunity because all the old assumptions about what you need to have to be quick are swept away and, if you are fleet of foot and smart in dealing with that, you can do better than all the other teams that are tackling the same change. They are a threat because if you are not as smart and you didn't see how to make the most of these new regulations, then you'll certainly suffer in the coming season. But they are always exhilarating because you have that sharp sense of anxiety that you might not be doing enough but equally the thrill and excitement of looking forward to finding out.
The handling of the W09 was a big improvement over the rather idiosyncratic W08. We managed to be competitive at tracks which had plagued us in recent years. However, notwithstanding this improvement, we were still not as good as some of our competitors at preserving the performance of the rear tyres. We have worked hard on the suspension and aerodynamic characteristics to deliver a car that will be much kinder to its tyres - enough, we hope, to allow us to be competitive at all phases of the race and at each track on the calendar.
Even though the minimum weight limit was lifted by 10kg for 2019, weight reduction remains a real challenge on the current generation of F1 cars. Components that we felt were stripped to the bone in 2018 have been taken, one by one, and subjected to a further round of aggressive analysis to shave further weight from them. Some components surrender what feels like a giant step of half a kilo, others just a few grams, but collectively each of these victories add up to a handful of kilos that have been invested back in the car on aerodynamics, suspension and Power Unit to bring performance.
A close inspection will reveal that the execution of this concept has been further refined. Every item is pushed tighter, made more slender - each change permitting us to improve the aerodynamic performance beyond what would have been possible had we accepted the physical limitations of the 2018 design.
Анди Коуел:
We've made changes to the cooling architecture of the Power Unit, which hopefully provide aerodynamic benefit on the car and also provide efficiency benefit on the Power Unit - so, hopefully a win on both the chassis and on the Power Unit. Right at the heart of the Power Unit is the conversion of fuel into heat release in the combustion chamber and useful work out of the crankshaft. We have made steps on the combustion efficiency and on the ERS system. The marriage between the turbocharger assembly with the MGU-H, the inverter, the cells and the MGU-K: that whole system is now capable of operating more efficiently and helping with energy deployment through a race.
The fuel is right at the heart of the combustion and making sure that the chemical composition and the thermodynamic architecture of the Power Unit are working together exceptionally well is key to thermal efficiency. PETRONAS have continued to work well with our thermodynamic engineers, we've run many candidates on the single cylinder and on the V6 engine to derive a new fuel for 2019. It's a very tight-knit group, the PETRONAS engineers know exactly how the engine works and our Power Unit engineers know exactly how the fuel works. PETRONAS also provide the lubricants for our car which play two roles: to make sure that components don't contact, it's key that there is an oil film between highly loaded components both for reliability and for friction reduction. If you can keep components apart the friction is lower, and the wear is lower, but the lubricant also provides cooling within the engine. It's a critical element of the engine, it's the lifeblood of the engine for its survival.
If you have got an efficient engine with efficient aerodynamics and you are prepared to do a little bit of lift and coasting, then you have the opportunity to start the race at less than 110kg. For every 5kg of weight you save, it's about two tenths of a second a lap quicker, so there is a natural reward to starting the race a little bit lighter. There is still a competitive edge from making an efficient car - both Power Unit and aerodynamics - and racing smartly to make sure that you have good pace at the start of the race as well as through the race.
Mercedes-AMG F1 W10 EQ Power Technical Specification
Monocoque: Moulded carbon fibre and honeycomb composite structure
Bodywork: Carbon fibre composite including engine cover, sidepods, floor, nose, front wing and rear wing
Cockpit: Removable driver's seat made of anatomically formed carbon composite, OMP six-point driver safety harness, HANS system
Safety Structures: Cockpit survival cell incorporating impact-resistant construction and penetration panels, front impact structure, prescribed side impact structures, integrated rear impact structure, front and rear roll structures, titanium driver protection structure (halo)
Front Suspension: Carbon fibre wishbone and pushrod-activated torsion springs and rockers
Rear Suspension: Carbon fibre wishbone and pullrod-activated torsion springs and rockers
Wheels: OZ forged magnesium
Tyres: Pirelli
Brake System: Carbone Industries Carbon / Carbon discs and pads with rear brake-by-wire
Brake Calipers: Brembo
Steering: Power-assisted rack and pinion
Steering Wheel: Carbon fibre construction
Electronics: FIA standard ECU and FIA homologated electronic and electrical system
Instrumentation: McLaren Electronic Systems (MES)
Fuel System: ATL Kevlar-reinforced rubber bladder
Lubricants & Fluids: PETRONAS Tutela
Gearbox: Eight speed forward, one reverse unit with carbon fibre maincase
Gear Selection: Sequential, semi-automatic, hydraulic activation
Clutch: Carbon plate
Overall Length: Over 5000mm
Overall Width: 2000mm
Overall Height: 950mm
Overall Weight: 743kg
Mercedes-AMG F1 M10 EQ Power Technical Specification
Power Unit Specification
Type: Mercedes-AMG F1 M10 EQ Power
Minimum Weight: 145 kg
Power Unit Perimeter: Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
Motor Generator Unit - Kinetic (MGU-K)
Motor Generator Unit - Heat (MGU-H)
Turbocharger (TC)
Energy Store (ES)
Control Electronics (CE)
Power Unit Allocation:
Three ICE, TC & MGU-H per driver per season
Two MGU-K, ES, CE per driver per season
Internal Combustion Engine (ICE)
Capacity: 1.6 litres
Cylinders: Six
Bank Angle: 90
No of Valves: 24
Max rpm ICE: 15,000 rpm
Max Fuel Flow Rate: 100 kg/hour (above 10,500 rpm)
Fuel Injection: High-pressure direct injection (max 500 bar, one injector/cylinder)
Pressure Charging: Single-stage compressor and exhaust turbine on a common shaft
Max rpm Exhaust Turbine: 125,000 rpm
Energy Recovery System (ERS)
Architecture: Integrated Hybrid energy recovery via electrical Motor Generator Units
Energy Store: Lithium-Ion battery solution of minimum 20 kg regulation weight
Max energy storage/lap: 4 MJ
Max rpm MGU-K: 50,000 rpm
Max power MGU-K: 120 kW (161 hp)
Max energy recovery/lap MGU-K: 2 MJ
Max energy deployment/lap MGU-K: 4 MJ (33.3 s at full power)
Max rpm MGU-H: 125,000 rpm
Max power MGU-H: Unlimited
Max energy recovery/lap MGU-H: Unlimited
Max energy deployment/lap MGU-H: Unlimited
Fuel & Lubricants
Fuel: PETRONAS Primax
Lubricants: PETRONAS Syntium
Aми доста красивичка е
pepistiq
petar_dimitrov2004_at_abv.bg Спор | Отговор
Задните джанти май са от не легалните,а колкото до красотата е въпрос на вкус. | {
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like to "markdown" until Sunday, March 20th.
This is a fun center for your students to practice isolating the beginning sounds of words. This center includes 26 flowerpots with letters and 26 flowers with pictures on them. We have also included words for the children to match to the flowerpots for more of a challenge if they need it!
The flowerpots each have a letter of the alphabet written on them. Children should first put the letters in correct alphabetical order.
Next, the children will add the flower to the correct flowerpot. Each flower has a picture on it. Children will say the word out loud and determine the beginning sound of the word. They will then match the flower to the pot with the letter that has the beginning sound of the object pictured.
After all the flowers are in the right pot, children will then add a word to the top of the pot. The word will match the picture that is in the middle of the flower. We have included some tricks too, so they really have to pay attention to the letters and sounds in the whole word.
This pack also includes several assessments for you to use as center follow-up, seat work, or even homework! Children will find the words that begin with the letter on each flowerpot, then color the pictures, cut them out, and glue them to the correct flower.
Super springtime fun! Look how proud she is!
Springing into Learning Blog Hop! | {
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Relationships/Family
Catherine Edmunds
Catherine Edmunds was born in England and educated at Dartington College of Arts, and Goldsmith's College, London. After twenty years as a professional musician, she reinvented herself as a writer and portrait artist. Her published works include poetry, short stories and three novels. Future publications include a wartime biography of her holocaust-survivor mother and a collaborative novel set in rural 1920s Ireland. Website: www.freewebs.com/catherineedmunds/
It was now four o'clock and I'd stopped crying at last. Robert had gone up into the attic after lunch to start sorting stuff out, and had seemed relieved to go—anything to get away from the awful words, the hurt, the dreadful end of things. The doorbell rang. Gary and Virginia—I'd forgotten. I called upstairs. Robert came down, dusty and subdued, didn't say anything about what had happened earlier, just greeted our friends and talked about the icy roads and snow tyres as if such things could possibly matter. Nothing mattered any more.
I made the tea and brought it into the living room.
Gary was standing by the window, staring out at the snow-covered apple tree, the only object of any interest in our garden. Virginia was picking at the skin down the side of her thumbnail. I remembered her doing that at school. She caught me looking and stopped, got up and went over to the window to join Gary. She's an inch or two taller than him, slim and dark. They stood a little apart and looked as if they had nothing at all to do with each other, but then he whispered something I couldn't hear and she laughed and took his arm.
I hated that. I wanted Robert to say something, to distract them from each other, but he didn't. He was looking at them, at Virginia especially, as if he wanted to warn her, to save her.
I needed to tell Virginia what had happened. Didn't know how to.
"Robert's been sorting out the attic," I said. "We've been talking about selling the house, and… you know, people will want to look."
"Find anything scandalous?" said Gary, sitting back down. "Ropes? Handcuffs?"
"Must you!" said Virginia, but she was laughing. "You know what this is all about. I've been trying to persuade him to go and see that Fifty Shades film with me. He's refusing."
"I should think so," said Robert.
"Why?" I said. "You haven't even read the book. Bet none of us have."
"I certainly haven't," said Virginia, "but the reviews say the film's much better, which makes a change."
"That might be true, but there's a real problem with it. Don't go," said Robert.
"What, you've actually seen it?" said Gary. "Come on—what's it like?"
"No I haven't seen it, but from what I understand the film glamorises abuse. It does exactly the same as that wretched Twilight series that inspired it, but in a more—I hardly dare say 'adult' way—but that's what it does. It's dangerous."
"How?" said Gary.
"It legitimises the kind of relationship where a woman thinks that an abusive man can be somehow 'saved' by being loved."
"And can't he?" said Virginia, looking at Gary rather than Robert.
"No," said Robert. "It's a pernicious myth, and deeply misogynistic at heart. You cannot change people, not fundamentally, and nor should you try, however much you love them. Loving is about acceptance, warts and all."
"You sound like a fucking Valentine's card," said Gary, and he turned to me for the first time. "You got anything stronger, Annie?"
He pushed his barely touched cup of tea across the table towards me.
"I could open some wine. Red? White?"
"I'm not sure that's a good idea," said Rob, looking at me.
"White for now," said Gary, and he turned away, ignoring Rob. Dismissing me. Bastard. I got up to fetch the wine. Yes Gary, No Gary, Whatever you say, Gary. Stupid, stupid.
I went out to the kitchen and took a bottle of Chablis out of the fridge. The casserole was in the oven but it would be another couple of hours at least. I thought about our attic and imagined Gary doing a loft conversion for us and turning the place into some sort of a dungeon with ropes and duct tape—only I couldn't fit Robert into that scenario at all, just Gary, and it would be him tied up, not me, and my God, I would hurt him.
They were still talking about whether the relationship in the book was actually dangerous. Robert was adamant it was. He didn't have the figures at his fingertips, but he was saying we should think how many women get murdered by abusive husbands every day. Millions of copies of the books had been sold. A film takes far less effort; all those women who hadn't managed to read their way through the book would sit through a film, especially if they were with their girlfriends, each desperately trying to appear cool, as if they were genuinely enjoying it.
"And what if they are?" said Gary, slurping down his wine and grinning.
"No, I don't believe any normal woman would."
Virginia and I both objected, neither of us wanting to be clumped in with his idea of what 'normal' women might be.
"There!" said Gary. "Outnumbered!"
Robert shook his head and ran his fingers over his hair—he has it cut very short and it feels velvety, like moleskin. My heart lurched. I couldn't bear it; the memories.
We sat saying nothing, sipping the wine. Gary looked smug and Virginia was very close to him, stroking his arm. I felt bad for Robert. He was obviously right in what he was saying, but he was also wrong, totally wrong, and I didn't know how to begin to explain that without getting tied up in knots. Christ! That's not what I meant at all.
"It's like that song," I said, thinking aloud, and then I forgot which song, some Country and Western thing. I felt like an idiot. Jolene? No, not that one, something that sounded like it, but it had gone right out of my head.
"Walking in a Winter Wonderland?" said Gary, glancing at the snow outside and snorting with laughter. I felt even more foolish.
"No—Stand By Your Man," said Virginia. She giggled, but it sounded forced.
"How's the casserole coming along?" said Robert, turning the conversation in such an obvious way I cringed. He was being kind, but in that insidious, devastating way that was killing me.
"I'll go and check."
I gulped down some Chablis, and went to take the dish out of the oven. Hours to go yet. The meat looked raw and had tiny soft bits of fat on it. Robert was pale and long and used to cycle, but he hadn't for ages now and he was going flabby, if someone so skinny could be said to possess flab.
I went back into the living room, wishing I'd started the casserole earlier, but I'd been in no fit state to do anything after lunch.
"Another bottle," said Gary, shoving the empty one at me.
"Same again?" I said. He didn't respond. He was whispering something in Virginia's ear. He'd moved a lock of her hair out of the way to do so and was stroking her earlobe. She edged away from him slightly.
I walked out of the room again, slowly, hating myself, hating Robert, hating Gary, unable to hate Virginia. We'd shared so much at school, told each other everything, and oh God! I longed to be able to do that again. I needed it so much.
There was an opened bottle of Chilean Pinot Noir on the table which I'd thought we'd have with the meal—very strong. I poured myself a glass and drank it quickly. That was me for the night. Any more and I'd fall asleep or be sick. I put the glass down. What was up in the attic anyway? Robert was the only one who ever went up there.
The loft ladder creaked and bounced slightly as I went up. Nothing up here other than a deconstructed bicycle, a table with nothing on it, and rows of identical cardboard boxes. Nothing remotely interesting, nothing scandalous, nothing exciting; our marriage displayed in all its cardboard identikit glory. He'd had hours since lunch. I had no way of knowing what he'd hidden. I'd never known anything about his inner life, not really.
"Annie?" Robert called up the stairs. "What are you doing?"
"Analysing the source of our marital distress," I called back down, rather too loud.
"Something's burning in the kitchen. Doesn't smell right," he said.
Liar. Couldn't be. I came down anyway.
He was standing at the bottom of the stairs. I waited for him to tell me to behave myself, to remind me that we had guests. If he did, I would kill him.
"You all right?" he said, gently, so gently—I couldn't bear his gentleness.
"I want to go and see that film. I want to know if you're right; I want to understand."
"Understand what?"
"Us. Gary. Virginia. Everything." Why your kindness is killing me.
He shook his head. "Come on," he said, heading back to the living room.
"No, I have to check the kitchen. Something burning, remember?"
He left me to it. There was a slight acrid hint in the air, but when I opened the oven door it was just a bit of muck on one of the shelves burning off. The casserole was still raw.
I picked up the bottle of Pinot Noir and returned to the living room.
"Ah, good. Red! We can try that experiment," said Gary.
"Gary!" said Virginia.
"What? If you won't, I bet Annie will." He leered at me.
"No she won't," said Robert quietly.
"I won't what?"
Gary started to say something but Virginia walloped him and he whooped with laughter. I turned to Robert.
"Well?" I said.
He leaned forward and put his head in his hands. "Virginia was saying that Gary tasted… that kissing Gary…"
Virginia interrupted him. "I was simply saying that kissing him when he's been drinking tea is yucky, beer's only any good if I've been drinking it too, ditto curry. I don't know how we got onto that."
She was looking out of the window at the tree and frowning. It was just a tree, for Christ sake! Let's all go outside and climb the bloody tree and leap from bough to bough and then me and Virginia can expose our backsides like monkeys, and Gary being the alpha male here, poor Robert won't get a look in.
Poor sweet Robert, with his moleskin scalp and his slightly wobbly belly, his long sad dick hanging down between his legs.
Oh, bugger it. I needed another drink. I took a small sip. Had to pace myself. Gary was watching me. Waiting. He was ugly as a toad. I didn't want to tie him up and whip him; I wanted wrap a reel of duct tape round and round him like a mummy, but much too tight, and then I wanted to stick a knife between his ribs and watch him bleed out, while his eyes begged me to save him.
He raised his eyebrows and looked away. I drank some more wine. Outside, the sun had gone and it was snowing, heavy flakes hurrying out of the sky. Virginia started singing that blasted Winter Wonderland song, but there was a catch in her voice, and she stopped. Me and Virginia, all those years ago, throwing snowballs at each other, gasping with laughter… We sat there in silence. One of us needed to put the lights on.
Robert stood up. He was going to do it; he was going to take us out of the gloom with his kindness, because that's what Robert does.
"So, what's all this about you moving house?" said Gary at last.
Virginia kicked his foot and he laughed. He shouldn't have laughed.
I stood up, held my wine glass firmly by the stem and smashed the bowl against the mantelpiece. My hand was badly cut, the blood started welling up immediately. Robert leapt up and took hold of my wrist, whispered, "Annie… shhh…" I could smell his breath—red wine—and if he kissed me now, then perhaps—but he didn't, and maybe this was a kindness. Knowing Robert it probably was.
I pulled away from him, clutching the cut so he couldn't see it. He turned from me and looked out of the window. I thought he was going to say something about the snow, I thought he was going to advise Gary and Virginia to leave now before it got too bad, but he didn't. He drew the curtains.
"You should probably clear that broken glass up, Annie," he said.
Do this Annie, do that Annie, I'm so kind to you Annie, you must always do as I say Annie, else what sort of a person does that make you, Annie?
I went out into the hallway, pulled on a warm coat, and trudged out into the snow, and my hand was starting to throb—I knew it was going to get worse—but the great fat white flakes were beautiful.
Catherine Edmunds asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work | {
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This ring is 950 platinum with a blue sapphire and diamonds. The sapphire is heat treated only and is an emerald cut shape which measures 6 x 8mm and weighs 1.83 carats. There are fourteen diamonds, GH SI1, that weigh .035 of a carat each for a total weight of .50 of a carat. The bezel is solid on the sides. The band is comfort fit and is 3.4 mm wide and 2.2 mm thick and attaches to the side of the bezel. It is a size 6 and can be sized up by approximately 1/2 size by polishing the inside of the band. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
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Parking Games Free Download For Android
Car Parking Games Free Download
The game is compatible with Windows 7/8/10, Android 4.7.0, and iOS 12.9 and later versions of the operating systems. Is there a better alternative? No, Car Parking Multiplayer is the best simulator of this kind. However, good alternatives exist, including Real Car Parking: Parking Master, and Gas Station: Car Parking Sim. Parking Jam is one of the most downloaded Puzzle Board games with more than 15,000,000 installs. Parking Jam is a fun and addictive puzzle board game. It's more than just parking - it's a fun driving experience that'll take you to another level! Jams in parking lots, challenging parking situations, angry grannies and much more.
Dr. Parking 4 is a driving game in which, instead of racing to be first across the finish line, your goal is to perfectly park your vehicle. To complete your mission, drive very carefully and don't bump, scrape, or scratch any of the other cars!
The control system of Dr. Parking 4 is very simple: there's two pedals on the left side of the screen to accelerate and brake, and a steering wheel on the right. There's also a shifter above the steering wheel to shift into reverse, which of course is essential to successfully parking your vehicle.
Dr. Parking 4 has more than eighty levels and over six vehicles to unlock. And, as you buy new cars, you'll be able to access new levels designed exclusively for that type of vehicle. As usual, the first few levels are very easy, but only the best drivers will be able to beat the advanced levels!
Dr. Parking 4 is a unique driving game with a very fun game experience, which isn't surprising considering it was developed by SUD, the creators of the great Dr. Driving saga.
Reviewed by Juan Jesús Translated by Jasmine
Car Parking Game 3D is a driving game where you drive really powerful vehicles, but without racing. Your goal isn't to get to any finish line, but to drive carefully and park the car properly.
You'll find more than a dozen different vehicles that you can drive. Many are sports cars, but there are also others that are smaller and easier to handle. You can change their color too. Remember, in this game the smaller your car the better.
Car Parking Game 3D includes four different game modes. In the normal parking mode there are 100 different levels, and always the same goal: to park the vehicle in the indicated area, without crashing it along the way. Other game modes let you do the same thing on randomly generated levels.
Car Parking Game 3D is a great driving game in the parking subgenre (which is quite popular on Android, by the way). It has good graphics, a nice variety of levels, and even a good number of different cars.
Translated by Taryn
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✔ News Bed Mp3 Free Download | {
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Coventry Advanced Stretchy Wrap Courseshow details +hide details - £250.00 (GBP) Quantity 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Coventry Advanced Stretchy Wrap Course £250.00 (GBP)
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Coventry Advanced Stretchy Wrap Course
February 5, 2022 to February 6, 2022 9:00 am to 5:30 pm 2 16 4 16
Coventry Advanced Stretchy Wrap Course Payment Planshow details +hide details - £50.00 (GBP) Quantity 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Coventry Advanced Stretchy Wrap Course Payment Plan £50.00 (GBP)
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This course will take place at the George Shep Cabin Rough Close Coventry.
Venue: Coventry - Rough Close
Tanners Lane, Coventry, Coventry, CV7 7DD, United Kingdom
What 3 words : cans.sings.smiled | {
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I had assumed that the Kettletown name was derived from the geologic features called kettles. As we all know, kettles are fluvioglacial landforms occurring as the result of blocks of ice calving from the front of a receding glacier and becoming buried partially to wholly by glacial outwash. Glacial outwash is generated when streams of meltwater flow away from the glacier and deposit sediment to form broad outwash plains called sandurs. When the ice blocks melt, kettle holes are left in the sandur.
Kettletown State Park, situated in the towns of Southbury and Oxford, contains 605 acres and was originally inhabited by the Pootatucks, members of the Algonquin group. Early colonists reportedly traded one brass kettle for use of the land for hunting and fishing. Eventually, the settlers acquired complete rights to the area and, by 1758, the Pootatucks had either migrated to the northwest or perished.
Although the Pootatucks were expert fisherman and hunters, their main occupation was farming. They raised fine crops of beans, squash, tobacco and apples. The Pootatucks developed a drum communications system which could carry a message over 200 miles in just two hours. All that remains now in the Kettletown area of this once prosperous tribe is an occasional arrowhead. In 1919, their original village was covered by the water of the Housatonic River when the Connecticut Light and Power Company constructed the Stevenson Dam to produce hydroelectric power. The resulting Lake Zoar is the fifth largest freshwater body in the state. The settlers who had used the land for dairy farming had deserted much of it as better farming land became available elsewhere.
The State of Connecticut purchased 455 of the 605 acres in Kettletown in 1950 with funds left by Edward Carrington of New Haven, which he had dedicated to the acquisition of public land in the Naugatuck Valley.
And there are several trails here for me to hike. Organizing this stuff on CTMQ is proving difficult as the 4.6 mile Pomperaug Trail is half-contained within the park and the 0.6 mile Oxford Loop Trail is wholly outside the park, but both are still contained within the Kettletown Trails section of the CFPA Walk Book. Yet the Pomperaug is a separate check-off on the CT Blue Trails Challenge list from the "Kettletown" trails. Frustrating.
But only for me, I know.
After completing the Zoar Trail across the Housatonic (Lake Zoar) River (CTMQ Hike Recap here), I decided the day was too nice to quit there. So I drove around to the other side of the river to knock out a short loop trail over in Kettletown State Park. I figured it would be good to get a good view of where I'd just hiked from the overlooks I'd seen a couple hours earlier. I liked the symmetry of that idea.
Seriously, when hiking around Mount Washington, I've always found it cool that you can always see (on a clear day, that is) where you're going and from whence you came. While not exactly the Presidentials, the same concept applies to these little trails.
I parked and hopped to it. The short Miller Trail is a loop that begins and ends with a short climb/descent and follows old woods roads for the most part. It's an easy walk and is used as a cross-country skiing trail which tells you it's pretty flat and wide.
A charcoal hearth site! Avid readers of my hiking pages know of my affinity for such things. Major props to Kettletown for recognizing that the flat area in the middle of the woods deserves such signage! Not only was this spot worth noting for the hearth, but also because a scenic side trail starts here (blazed blue/orange) out towards the cliffs overlooking the Housatonic.
The side trail split near the top of the cliff, offering two different overlooks. Neither one is all that fantastic, but the one to the left (southeast) is better than the one to the right (west). In fact, the little walk to the better one is the best 200 yards on the Miller Trail, as it wends its way through white pine along the cliff-top before ending at an outcropping.
"You mean the charcoal burning hearth site?" Yes, that's what she meant. "That was it! Right where that sign was," I excitedly told her with her stupid dogs nipping at my crotch.
She was unimpressed. "Huh? What did I miss?" I went on to tell her of the glorious history of making charcoal in the northeast but she interrupted me and pretended she just wanted to get out to the overlook. Sigh. At least she was out for a nice hike.
I bid her adieu and quickly made my way down the hill and back out to the lot where my car was. I noted the trail that connects to the Pomperaug Trail but had a healthy drive back across Connecticut in front of me and left it for another day.
Remember how the winter of 2011-12 was the winter that never was? Our only snowstorm of any impact happened on Halloween. The winter was disturbingly mild to say the least. So why was it, that pretty much the only time I was able to get out for a good early morning hike, it happened to be the coldest day of the winter? Of course, part of me was sort of excited about that part of the hike.
When I left my house before sunrise, the temperature was in the single digits, but it also happened to be stupidly windy once the sun came up. Cold hiking has never really bothered me, but I'm not getting any younger. Whatever, it was going to be sunny and clear and I was going to be hiking… So I'd be fine.
My 2012 hiking plan was to try to complete a lot of the trails I've partially done instead of starting new ones. The list is not lacking, trust me. Up first: The Kettletown State Park trails which are actually part of the Lake Zoar Area Trails according to the CFPA nomenclature. Let's get bone-chilling cold hiking.
I parked at the Jackson Cove recreation area in Oxford, right down on Lake Zoar (which is, of course, just a bulge in the Housatonic). I parked right beneath a security camera, which seemed sort of silly on a 5 degree January morning at 7 AM. On the other hand, I wondered if my appearance raised the hackles of whoever monitors such security cams. Like, who in the world is out and about at that time of day in such temperatures? Surely I was up to no good.
I hiked north on the Pomperaug Trail to reach the junction with the Crest Trail, which was built in 1980 by the Youth Conservation Corps. It parallels the Housatonic on the west and the much longer Pomperaug Trail just through the woods to the east. It's certainly a more scenic link between the Kettletown park campgrounds and Jackson Cove than the much older (presumably) Pomperaug. It's also a bit more challenging, but certainly not lung-searing.
Although, when hiking in sub-zero wind chill, one's lungs sometimes feel as though they are filled with ice instead of good clean air. The trail climbs a bit to attain the ridgeline above the river and then loops to and fro seeking out a few different viewpoints along the way.
But even so, I was thoroughly enjoying myself. As I've often written, there's something very peaceful and fulfilling to me about being alone in the woods enjoying things that relatively few people do – at least in central Connecticut. Sure, thousands have been to these viewpoints before and thousands will in the future. But I was there on the coldest, crispest day of the year watching the sun rise over the hills behind me with a nearly full moon in the sky above the Housatonic River below me. My picture here does the moment absolutely NO justice.
The Crest Trail is a nice little hike that offers some nice views and a couple ups and downs. On to the next one.
This trail is silly to write about. It's just a straight shot down the hill to the campgrounds down by the river.
Back in April of '09, I walked about half of this across a couple park roads and then turned around telling myself that when I did these other, more southern trails I would pick up the other half of it. Flash forward 3 years and here I was… at the other end.
When you are a completist like me, you become sort of obsessive about "the rules" even though as hikers, most of us do believe in the "hike your own hike" ethic. It's an internal battle I fight often.
I mean, did I really have to hike a tenth or two of a mile to the road just to turn aruond and come back to the same spot on the Brook Trail (below)? Of course not… But I did it. Do you? Well, yeah if you want to connect the Miller Trail to a loop with these other trails (which is the point of the connector, of course).
For a purely utilitarian trail, only blazed in 2005, the southern creekside part of it is kind of pretty.
The Brook Trail is merely the continuation of the Crest Trail up to the main Kettletown entry area. It was just as cold as the previous trail, trust me. At the big trailhead intersection, there was a nice tribute to Alan Crepeau put up by the CFPA. Hey! I'm friends with the signers of that note! Such is the famous life I now lead after writing this site for 6 years.
I'd crossed over from Oxford into Southbury. I care about such things.. For the record, it was just as cold in Southbury as it was in Oxford. It's funny, these pictures don't really show how cold it was because it just looks dry. I could convince you it was 50 degrees that day.
My frozen wind-driven tears say otherwise.
There are no overlook views on this little trail, but once I reached a park road and the trail took me down to Kettletown Brook, I hiked along what was probably the highlight of my morning. The "brook" is more of a creek in my book and it has carved out a beautiful little mini-canyon and cascades down giant boulders between moss-covered banks. Signs warning me not to swim were somewhat funny to me, as immediate death from hypothermia does not fit in with my future plans.
The trail picks its way along the brook with a flat road mere feet away. Sure I could have hopped over to the road, but where's the fun in doing that? Ultimately, the Brook Trail ends when it joins the road as that is the junction with the Pomperaug Trail. It was there, while I was setting up my trail-ending photo, that a woman and her dogs appeared – startled beyond belief. She (and her large dogs) were freaked out that a man came bumbling out of the woods, so early in the morning on so frigid a day.
Ah well, we exchanged waves and went in opposite directions: She to her warm car and me backtracking down the Pomperaug and back into the woods.
Yeah, I know, this isn't really in Kettletown State Park, but you'll survive.
The trail itself isn't a loop at all; rather, it merely parallels the Pomperaug (my hike of that one) and the Housatonic – giving hikers a better look at the river itself for a short while.
A really short while. Since the last edition of the Walk Book was published, the southern end of this trail has been closed. This has shortened the little trail by a good 2 or 3 tenths of a mile – AND it has eliminated a view/steep cliff hike. I imagine it was deemed too erosive or dangerous. And since drunken boaters probably come up here, it was best to close that little southern end.
I was initially disappointed to come across the trail relocation sign, but once again have to give it up to the CFPA volunteers for staying on top of this stuff with signage and with hiding the old trail really well. The new southern terminus is right at the intersection with the Wells Brook crossing.
Honesty time: The Oxford Loop is short, easy and doesn't offer much – unless you're looking for it. It does cross a pretty clearly defined old road bed at one point, that heads down to the river. This was another of those old roads that led to the town of Zoar, which was flooded back when they built the Stevenson Dam (creating Lake Zoar).
I don't know why, but these types of things always sort of freak me out. I know they've been doing city-flooding forever and have just done it to HUGE cities in China, but still… it's weird to know what's under the water now.
After that excitement, the trail heads up to Jackson Cove and gives the hiker a decent riverside view of the valley. | {
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Cell & Microbiology Agriculture - January 23, 2023
Microbes could be used by farmers as natural fertilizer for poor soil
A study published in The ISME Journal identified 522 genomes of archaea and bacteria associated with the roots and soil of two plant species native to the Brazilian montane savanna ecoregion known as campos rupestres ("rocky meadows"). Hundreds of microorganisms hitherto unknown to science were identified, showing that the ecoregion is a biodiversity hotspot and that many new organisms have yet to be described and classified in Brazil. | {
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La est une classe de patrouilleur de la garde côtière de Taïwan.
Historique
La classe est dédiée aux missions de patrouille garde-côtière.
Elle fait l'objet d'un contrat gouvernemental global destiné à soutenir l'économie de la manufacture militaro-industrielle nationale, comprenant également six patrouilleurs de et quinze navires de sauvetage de . Le coût de fabrication des quatre patrouilleurs de classe Chiayi revient à un montant estimé entre 10,4 et .
La fabrication est assurée par CSBC Corporation, sur son site de Kaohsiung.
Le premier exemplaire de cette classe de navire est baptisé le puis officiellement livré le à la garde côtière de Taïwan, et devient alors le plus grand navire de la flotte. Le dernier navire doit être livré vers 2025.
Caractéristiques
Les navires de classe Chiayi, longs de et larges de , ont un déplacement à pleine charge de pour un déplacement nominal de . D'un rayon d'action de , ils peuvent naviguer à une vitesse maximale de .
La conception est inspirée de celle de la classe Legend de vedettes américaines.
Le navire est équipé de trois canons à eau à haute pression d'une portée de dans le cadre de ses activités de patrouille.
La conception permet au navire d'être converti en navire de combat ; il intègre des tourelles télécommandées de canons de , de deux mitrailleuses de , ainsi que d'une station lance-roquette de développée par l'institut Chungshan des sciences et des technologies, d'une portée de . Il permet l'atterrissage d'hélicoptères de lutte anti-sous-marine, tels les Sikorsky S-70C de la Marine nationale et les Sikorsky UH-60M du Corps national de service aéroporté.
Il peut également être dédié à des missions humanitaires grâce à ses installations médicales.
Liste des navires
Chiayi CG5001
Hsinchu CG5002
Yunlin CG5003
CG5005 (non baptisé)
Les navires sont baptisés du nom de localités taïwanaises, afin de souligner la , ainsi que dans la suite de la tradition des derniers navires mis en service : les premiers portent ainsi le nom des villes de Chiayi et de Hsinchu et du comté de Comté de Yunlin.
Le numéro de coque étant traditionnellement lié à la valeur de déplacement à pleine charge, ici d'environ , les quatre navires sont identifiés en tant que CG5001, CG5002, CG5003 et CG5005.
Notes et références
Articles connexes
Garde côtière de Taïwan
Classe Anping
Classe Changhua
Classe Miaoli
Classe Yilan
Chiayi
Chiayi | {
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ORNL DAAC Releases First GEDI Level 4 Dataset Offering Predictions of Aboveground Biomass Density
New dataset provides the first high-resolution 3D aboveground biomass density estimates for tropical and temperate forests around the globe.
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GEDI addresses its mission science questions by acquiring lidar waveform (i.e., vertical profile) observations between 51.6° N and S latitudes. By precisely recording the return timing of laser energy pulses shot at Earth's surface, each GEDI observation contains information about the vegetation canopy and the topography underneath. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
At this very moment, approximately 220 miles above the Earth, lasers from the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) instrument on the International Space Station (ISS) are firing 242 times per second, illuminating 25-meter footprints on the Earth's surface, and taking systematic and detailed 3D measurements of forest canopy height, forest structure, and surface elevation.
Since the initial release of GEDI Level 1 and Level 2 data in January 2020, these three-dimensional assessments of the Earth's terrestrial biomes have enhanced the ecological research community's investigations of planet's most diverse environments. Now, NASA's Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center (ORNL DAAC) has released the first Level 4 data from the GEDI mission, which is sure to benefit ecological research even more.
"This is the first time that aboveground biomass density (AGBD) estimates are available at this level of detail for tropical and temperate forests across the world," said Dr. Rupesh Shrestha, a research staff member at the ORNL DAAC. "Distribution of aboveground biomass (or carbon) and how it interacts with the changing climate and other disturbances is not well understood. GEDI provides globally consistent measurements and algorithms and helps to overcome the uncertainties in AGBD estimates."
The models used to produce Level 4A data were developed with field estimates of AGBD collocated with simulated GEDI waveforms from discrete-return airborne lidar and used a quality-filtered calibration dataset that contains 8,587 simulated waveforms in 21 countries. The GEDI approach to developing footprint AGBD models considers multiple candidates stratified by world region and plant functional type (PFT) with different functional forms. The footprint models represent the following combination of PFTs: deciduous broadleaf trees, evergreen broadleaf trees, evergreen and deciduous needleleaf trees, and combinations of woodlands, grasslands, and shrubs.
The Level 4A dataset consists of 6,742 files in HDF5 format and covers the period from April 18, 2019, to September 2, 2020. These files include more than 5 billion land surface shots (measurements), which is orders of magnitude more than any previous global biomass study. The Level 4A product also contains all the ancillary information necessary to reproduce the AGBD prediction for individual GEDI measurements from Level 2A data.
About the GEDI Mission
Launched on December 2018 and installed on the ISS's Japanese Experiment Module-Exposed Facility, GEDI is a full waveform lidar (i.e., laser version of radar) instrument offering the highest resolution and densest sampling of any lidar ever put in orbit. Led by scientists at the University of Maryland, the mission is supported by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
GEDI has three lasers that produce 8 parallel tracks of observations. Each laser fires 242 times per second and illuminates a 25-meter footprint on the surface over which 3D structure is measured. Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
The GEDI instrument produces high-resolution laser ranging observations of the 3-dimensional structure of the Earth. Its data are transferred to the GEDI Mission Operations Center and then processed through the Science Operations Center, both of which are located at Goddard, and then sent to two NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Distributed Active Archive Centers (DAACs) where they are archived, managed, and distributed to a diverse worldwide user community.
The GEDI mission has published three previous datasets. The first, lower-level datasets — a Level 1B product that provides geolocated waveforms and Level 2A and 2B products providing canopy height and canopy profile metrics at the footprint level — were made available in January 2020 through NASA's Land Processes DAAC (LP DAAC), a partnership between NASA and the USGS that manages, archives, and distributes EOSDIS land processes data, services, and tools for discovering and analyzing data.
Along with the GEDI Level 3 dataset released earlier this year, the GEDI Level 4A dataset is available from ORNL DAAC, a partnership between NASA and the U.S. Department of Energy that is responsible for collecting, archiving, and distributing EOSDIS data related to biogeochemical dynamics, ecological data, and environmental processes. The AGBD estimates and footprint models of the GEDI Level 4A dataset will be used as inputs for the ORNL DAAC's forthcoming Level 4B data product, which will provide gridded estimates of AGBD and associated uncertainty at 1km grids.
In addition to collecting, archiving, and distributing EOSDIS data related to biogeochemical dynamics, ecological data, and environmental processes, the ORNL DAAC also provides a variety of data subsetting and visualization tools that allow users to analyze and explore available data products, including those from GEDI and other missions.
GEDI Level 4A data will be available for subsetting in the ORNL DAAC's Global Subsets Tool, which allows users to select a location and get subsets and time series visualizations covering up to 200 km x 200 km for the selected NASA data products. GEDI Level 4A data will also be available in NASA's Earthdata Cloud, which gives users the opportunity to access and process large quantities of data, and promotes opportunities for innovation around new services, such as sequencing data to support machine learning and artificial intelligence.
The extended processing capabilities offered by the Earthdata Cloud will undoubtedly be a benefit to those working with the GEDI mission's expansive data. During its lifetime, GEDI is expected to provide more than 10 billion of land surface measurements, which, in addition to providing a wealth of information on the structure and canopy height of the world's forests, will generate invaluable calibration information for other missions, such as the upcoming NASA-Indian Space Research Organisation SAR (NISAR) Mission, which will measure Earth's changing ecosystems, dynamic surfaces, and ice masses providing information about biomass, natural hazards, sea level rise, and groundwater.
For decades, studies of Earth's terrestrial ecosystems have relied on two-dimensional satellite data and limited field studies and sampling from ground-based and airborne lidar. That began to change with the initial releases of GEDI data. Now, with this new GEDI Level 4A dataset published through ORNL DAAC offering footprint level estimates of AGBD, scientists engaged in ecological research will have even more high-resolution data to inform their investigations.
To learn more about the GEDI mission and GEDI data products, see the following online resources:
GEDI mission website
Article: New, Gridded Level 3 Data Product Facilitates the Use of GEDI Mission Data
GEDI data can be searched for and discovered using the EOSDIS Earthdata Search application.
Information about using the Earthdata Cloud is available on NASA's Earthdata website.
LP DAAC GEDI Landing Pages:
ORNL DAAC GEDI Landing Page:
Land Use/Land Cover | Land Use/Land Cover Classification
Biomass | Vegetation
ORNL DAAC
ESDIS Weekly Metrics: January 26, 2023
EOSDIS Again Receives High Scores in 2022 Customer Satisfaction Survey | {
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A pair of vintage 501s. These Levi's classic denim jeans have the red line selvedge seam. They sit at the waist, has a straight leg, five pockets, and button fly.
In good, worn in condition. There is a small hole in the crotch. | {
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Yuji Nagao (born 27 May 1907, date of death unknown) was a Japanese track and field athlete. He competed in the men's hammer throw at the 1932 Summer Olympics.
References
1907 births
Year of death missing
Place of birth missing
Japanese male hammer throwers
Olympic male hammer throwers
Olympic athletes of Japan
Athletes (track and field) at the 1932 Summer Olympics
Japan Championships in Athletics winners
20th-century Japanese people | {
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This truck is amazing and hands down the best I found in all categories except one. When I first sat in the truck it really only took me a few minutes to decide that I wanted it. The handling was like a car yet it still had a tough truck feel to it. The seats where by far the best in comfort in its class. I looked at the Fords and they should really be embarrassed to put those seats in there trucks compared to these. The Dodge was also nice. But it was really all the features and the capabilities of the truck that sold me on it. The on star and the mirrors fold and when you put it in reverse they lower so that you can see the curb. But best of all you can set all of these options through the computer to how you want them to be all the way down to the timing for the automatic headlights. This is truly a great truck that gives you all that you need to get a hard job done but still be comfortable on those long road trips. So back to the one thing that I do not like about the truck. Unlike the Ford and Dodge the interior is somewhat plane. It does not really have that sporty feel that the others do with the two tone leather and chrome on the dash. But with that being said I still bought it because there really is no competition when it comes to the options and comfort.
Cons: No light under hood in engine compartment.
The GMC Sierra 2500 HD SLT, is one of the most incredible vehicles that I have ever tested. I have purchased mine, two months ago, and I am completely satisfied with every aspect of the vehicle. The most impressive feature of the truck, is its towing capacity. The vehicle can pull my 34ft trailer with next to no effort. I can hardly notice towing anything at all. It handles very good and it is an amazingly comfortable ride. Including the striking beauty of the vehicle, I give it 5 out of 5 stars. It is truly, amazing.
Advice: If your looking for a real truck, this is it!
This truck is all truck. The truck handles very well, has excellent power from the 6.0L, and is very comfortable.
Pros: 8.1L . Lot's of power and the 5 Speed Allison makes it smooth!
Advice: Shop for best price!
8.1 with 5 Speed Allison: This truck was made for cruising at 80MPH+! Down side is the 12.5 MPG 'Best on the Hwy' 10 MPG around town. Haven't seen a hill yet that would make it down shift! | {
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Q: Grouping array elements in Rx I'm want to clean-up the following implementation into a more declarative approach, hopefully there is an Rx operator I'm missing.
I have an array of data published on a stream, something like this:
var data = new[] { 'A', 'A', 'C', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'C' };
And I want to group items in the data into a array until the change, so you the result would be:
var result = new[] { { 'A', 'A' }, {'C' }, { 'A', 'A', 'A', 'A' }, { 'B' }, { 'C', 'C' } };
I have the following, and I want to clean-up the 'Select' implementation. Ideally using an Rx operator (e.g. GroupByUntil).
How can this be improved?
Observable.Return(data)
.Select(items =>
{
var groupedItems = new List<List<char>>();
var currentItems = new List<char>();
var previousItem = items.FirstOrDefault();
foreach (var currentItem in items)
{
if (previousItem != currentItem)
{
groupedItems.Add(currentItems);
currentItems = new List<char>();
}
currentItems.Add(currentItem);
previousItem = currentItem;
}
groupedItems.Add(currentItems);
return (IEnumerable<IEnumerable<char>>)groupedItems;
})
.Subscribe(groupedItems =>
{
foreach (var groupedItem in groupedItems)
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} - {1}", groupedItem.First(), groupedItem.Count());
}
});
A: When the input stream is converted to a stream of characters with .ToObservable. The following implementation is possible:
var data = new[] { 'A', 'A', 'C', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'C' };
var publishedData = data
.ToObservable()
.Publish()
.RefCount();
publishedData
.GroupByUntil(e => e, e => e, g => publishedData.Where(i => i != g.Key))
.Select(g => g.ToArray())
.Merge()
.Subscribe(groupedItems =>
{
Console.WriteLine("{0} - {1}", groupedItems.First(), groupedItems.Count());
});
The .Publish().RefCount() is needed for the closing sequence in the .GroupByUntil operator.
| {
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This agreement (hereinafter referred to as "the Agreement" or "the Contract") is concluded between UniPage LLC, a legal entity (hereinafter referred to as "the Contractor" or "UniPage") and a customer (hereinafter referred to as "the Customer") hereinafter discretely named as "the Party" and jointly "the Parties".
1.1.1. www.unipage.net means a UniPage official website (hereinafter referred to as "the Website").
1.1.2. "Personal Account" means personalized Customer`s workspace with the access secured from any third parties. Personal account is accessed through obligatory signing in at the Website which implies acquisition of the own Account (hereinafter referred to as "the Personal account" or "PA").
1.1.3. "Services" - provided by the UniPage company consulting and other services (such as programme entrance guidance, editing and translation of documents, search of academic programs, grants and scholarships, etc.), published in section "Services" at www.unipage.net/en/services.
1.1.4. "The Customer" means an individual which has made an application for the reception of informational and consulting services indicated in 1.1.3 item of the present agreement via UniPage website with the purpose of entering a foreign educational institution.
If the Customer is under majority age (defined according to the legislation of a country of permanent residence) the Customer shall upload the written consent for conclusion of this Agreement from parents, adopters or caregivers to his Personal account ('Documents' section of PA).
1.1.5. "Request" means an order written up correctly on the UniPage website for the provision of the Services indicated in the item 1.1.3..
1.1.6. "Mentor" - a UniPage specialist who is carrying out order processing. It is the Customer coordinator for all issues related to the Client Application.
1.1.7. "Commission Fee" - a single payment, payable to the Executor for the services provided by the UniPage company, according to the rates established on the Website.
2.1. Executor undertakes to provide the Services to the Customer, according to the Customer's online request (Application).
The Customer, in turn, undertakes to fully pay for the Services according to the prices listed on the Website at the following address www.unipage.net/en/services.
2.2. This contract shall be considered concluded from the moment of its signing by both Parties and payment by the Customer and is valid until the services are provided by Executor.
3.1. To use the services rendered by UniPage, the user should at all times sign up at the web-site. In case of password loss, the user is advised to refer to the UniPage support team ([email protected]) or reactivate it his/her own.
3.2. Upon signing up, the Customer is liable for loss or damage to its registration data and confirms that all actions to use such data will be performed by the Customer personally or by its own consent.
3.3. The Customer confirms the authenticity of its personal data provided in the personal account and bears all responsibility for the accuracy, completeness and authenticity of such data.
3.4. Prior to pay for services, the Customer shall send the inquiry to the assigned Adviser to the personal account specifying the service package and describing additional information required to deliver services, for example, specifying search criteria (top-priority profile, university, country, city, cost of study, study mode) to apply when searching for the academic program and/or scholarship, etc.
3.5. Service contract shall be effective since the date when it is signed by both parties and stamped by the company, as well as since the date when the Customer timely pays to UniPage for services delivered and the assets are arrived to the settlement account of the Executor.
3.6. Services shall be deemed duly and fully delivered since the date of consultation services as per the Clause 5.2.3 and 5.2.4 hereunder.
3.8. The liability of UniPage under no circumstances may exceed the amount of money paid by the Customer for the service provision.
4.1. Upon agreement with the Executor on services to be delivered by the former as specified in the Clause 1.1.3, The Customer shall be invoiced for payment to the e-mail address shown by the Customer in the personal account.
4.2. The Customer shall pay the advance as per the Contract at a rate of 100% as rated.
4.3. The rates shown at the Web-site are given for guidance only. The cost of services may vary depending on changes made to search criteria or in the number of documents to be edited and other factors. The exact cost of services is indicated in the table (on 1 page of the contract) in the field "Service cost'.
4.4. If during the work there is a necessity to prepare additional documents that are not included in the basic package of services, the Customer has the right to prepare the relevant documents on his/her own or to conclude an additional agreement with the Executor for the provision of additional services.
4.5. Payment is made by transferring funds to the Executor's settlement account or depositing cash in the Executor's cash desk, or through the Paying Aggregator in any convenient way. The additional commission for payment processing is paid by the Customer depending on the payment method chosen by him/her.
4.6. In view of payment processing terms that differ for payment systems and banking structuring, the start of application processing may be delayed to the term of assets credited, accordingly.
4.7. Payment obligations shall be deemed duly performed since the date when the assets are credited to the settlement account of the Executor.
4.8 Once the payment is effected, the Customer shall immediately inform the Executor on the transaction performed by attaching the payment check in e-form, either the screenshot of the page on successful payment.
5.1.1. To sign up at the Web-site that means unconditional consent with the Web-site use conditions.
5.1.2. To make clear with the service package published at the UniPage web-site at [[www.unipage.net/ru/services]], and send a message to the Adviser specifying the service concerned.
5.1.3. If the Customer has material requirements to the quality and/or structure of the Program, he/she should inform the Executor on the details and also specify such requirements in the Inquiry in the Comment box. For services not delivered herein the Customer may pay additional fee at the rate clarified by the Executor.
5.1.4. To effect payments hereunder on a timely basis and in full (within three days, not later, since the date of signature of the contract).
5.1.5. To complete the personal account with data on a timely basis and to submit to the Executor all documents and data for purposes of the services to be delivered (tasks and deadlines can be sent to the Customer by e-mail, and can be indicated in the document with the plan of admission to the selected educational institutions).
The Executor shall establish the terms for the provision of certain documents to the Customer, taking into account reasonable and possible terms for their observance.
If the Customer for some objective reasons cannot provide the requested documents within the prescribed period, he/she is obliged to inform the Executor in a written form not later than 3 (three) calendar days after he/she was notified that he/she cannot provide document required during the established deadlines with the reason provided.
In case of violation of the above clause in item 5.1.5, which entailed the late documents submission to the educational institution (visa center, embassy, etc.) or not committing any action required for the full provision of the service, the Executor has the right to terminate the contract without any cash compensation.
5.1.6. To submit full and true data to the Executor on any chronic diseases and any other personal information that may prevent the Customer to participate in the Program in full, or may be the ground for visa rejection or banned departure from the country.
5.1.7. To send the Executor within 7 (seven) working days from the date of receipt from the Executor the Act of acceptance of the services signed from its side or to send a motivated refusal to sign the act.
If the Customer does not send an act of acceptance of the services signed to the Executor within the timeframe established by this item or fails to provide a reasoned refusal to sign it, it is considered that the agreement was signed by both parties, and the services are provided in full.
5.1.8. To inform the Executor in case of changes in the e-mail address or contact telephone during service delivery by changing the information at the Personal account and sending a proper notification.
5.1.9. If the Executor assigns an intermediary function with regard to the transfer of tuition fees, all additional costs incurred by the Executor related to the transaction (currency purchase, exchange rate differences, bank fees, etc.) are paid by the Customer.
The Executor has the right to refuse to perform the intermediary function without explaining the reasons.
5.1.10. To cover all expenses and pay the invoice issued by the school for payment to the Executor, in case the Customer canceled the program reservation in the time exceeding the established terms for free reservation cancellation (see the reservation and cancellation policy at the educational institution).
5.1.11. To bear all the additional costs associated with the admission on his/her own (sending documents by courier, apostilling services, translation and notarization, payment of registration fees, trip for entrance examinations, etc.).
The Customer has the right to deal with these issues on his/her own or to seek the i assistance of the Executor if the Executor has such an opportunity.
The customer is familiar with the order of prices for the above-mentioned items of expenditure and is aware that often the costs of the mentioned in the item 5.1.11. of the procedures can be quite high, and in some cases they can exceed the amount already paid to the Executor.
5.1.12. To guarantee the legality and correctness of documents registration submitted to UniPage in accordance with the requirements of the embassy or educational institutions issued by the competent authorities of foreign countries. The Customer bears full responsibility for the reliability of these documents. The Executor does not carry out an examination of such documents.
5.1.13. To study and follow the established immigration rules for entry, stay and departure from the country of study (according to the type of visa required for studying abroad). UniPage under no circumstances is responsible for the Customer's violation of the immigration policy of the country of studying.
5.2.1. To confirm and consider the Application via sending the notification at the Personal account in Section "Messages" within three business days, not later, after the Application is sent by the Customer.
5.2.2. Upon consideration of the Application, to deliver confirmation or rejection to process the Application within ten (10) business days, not later, since the Inquiry.
5.2.3. To complete the entire set of the services mentioned in the description with high quality, with the observance of the terms of the service.
5.2.4. To deliver a written report to the Customer in the electronic format to evidence on the factual delivery of services as per the Application within the term as shown at the Services page.
5.2.5. If the Customer has paid for the service before receiving the consent of the Executor to accept the application for processing, and if the Customer's request can not be fulfilled for a number of reasons (the absence of suitable programs for the declared budget, late deadlines for filing applications, etc.), the Executor is obliged to compensate the Customer for the full cost of services minus transaction costs (according to the item 6.5.).
5.2.6. To offer the Customer alternative options for studying abroad, in case when one or several selected programs because of substantial omission of the Executor are not suitable for the Customer, i.e. do not meet the pre-determined selection criteria.
5.2.7. To offer the Customer a second submission of documents to the consulate / visa center / educational institution, in case of errors on the part of the Executor which caused the official refusal of the above-mentioned institutions.
5.2.8. Not to disclose the confidential information on the Customer and his/her activity that became known in the course of services rendered.
5.3.1. To obtain the necessary and authentic information on issues related to educational programs, grants and scholarship programs to the extent as provided to the Executor by international institutions offering educational services or funding.
5.3.2. To ask the company management to replace its Mentor with another specialist of the company by sending an official request to the e-mail of the Executor with an indication of the objective reason for the specialist replacement.
The Executor is obliged to consider the request within 5 (five) working days and send the decision to replace the specialist to the Customer.
5.3.3. In case when the decision to terminate the contract is made, to send a detailed request to the Executor for the Executor's e-mail address with an indication of the reasons for the termination of the contract and a request for compensation of cash, minus that part of the service package that was provided in full.
The Executor is obliged to consider the request within 5 (five) working days and to send a decision on compensation to the Customer.
The cost of each individual service according to the price on the Services page https://www.unipage.net/en/services is taken into account during calculation.
5.3.4. To receive commensurate compensations and refunds, taking into account the limitations established by this agreement.
5.4.1. To update this contact with the immediate publication of the revised version ensuring the latest revision of the document at the web-site. In case of amendments in the contract made upon payments effected by the Customer, the Executor shall strictly follow the terms of the contract at the date when the contract is signed by the Customer.
5.4.2. To define the procedure of service delivery in accordance with the present agreement on his/her own. This means that Mentor builds a strategy, establishes deadlines that are reasonably related to the deadlines of the organizations which the documents are submitted to, and also takes any actions to perform the service on time, according to his professional vision and experience.
5.4.3. To decide on the right of the Customer's access to the created e-mail of the student. The sole right of access to the mail before the moment of enrollment is due to Mentor's full responsibility for receiving and providing timely feedback to educational or visa organizations.
6.1. The Executor shall be entitled to unilaterally annul the Application in case of failure to submit, or failure by the Customer to meet submission terms of documents or data required to deliver series hereunder by the Executor.
Terms to submit documents or information required shall be specified by the Executor and indicated in the tasks of the Customer at the Personal account.
6.2. The Customer shall be entitled to annul the Order in case of failure of the Executor to meet the terms of service delivery specified hereunder, if the Executor failed to notify the Customer in writing on reasons that caused prolongation of terms including the terms specified for service delivery.
6.3. In case of service annulment, the Executor shall be entitled to deduct the amount up to 20% of the amount paid by the Customer for application consideration and general consultation services.
6.4. In case if the service is delivered in part, the Executor shall be entitled to deduct the amount of the service delivered in full.
6.5. All the additional expenses related to payment and repayment of assets shall be covered by the Customer.
6.6. Return of funds is made within a period not later than 20 days after acceptance by the Executor of the decision on compensation and corresponding written notification of the Customer.
6.7. In case when the Customer at any stage of admission on its own initiative refuses to apply to one or more programs or refuses any part of the selected package of services specified in the contract, no compensation is paid to the Customer.
6.8. In case when the Customer cancels the trip to the language partner school, the compensation for the amount of "school accommodation" paid to the Executor is made to the Customer at a rate of 20%, but not less than 250 USD.
7.2. The Customer is aware of the risks associated with the applicants selection procedure, and allows the possibility of refusal to be admitted because of an increased competition among applicants.
7.3. The decision to grant a visa to the Customer is made by a consul or a visa officer, respectively, cannot be guaranteed by the Executor.
7.4. The Customer is aware of the risks associated with the procedure of applying for a visa, and allows the possibility of refusal.
7.5. The Executor, for its part, does everything possible within the framework of the contract and his/her professional competence in order to increase the Customer's chances of admission to the selected and coordinated educational institutions and obtaining a visa.
7.6. In case of cancellation of the trip, the Executor shall assist in the reimbursement of the funds paid to the Customer by the educational institution in accordance with the conditions of the return policy of the educational institution by sending an official request to the educational institution.
7.7. If the Customer insists on submitting documents to the chosen institution of higher education, but does not meet its minimum requirements, has insufficient academic achievements or because of other factors (as informed by the Executor in advance) preventing the successful admission, the Executor is not liable for the result of this admission procedure.
8.1. Parties are not responsible for partial or complete failure to fulfill obligations under this Agreement if such failure was caused by force majeure arising after the conclusion of the Agreement as a result of extraordinary circumstances, such as flood, fire, earthquake and other natural phenomena, as well as war, military operations, the blockade, the authorities' banning actions and acts by public authorities, strikes, disruption of communications and energy supply, explosions that occurred during the term of this Agreement, which the Parties could not foresee or prevent.
8.2. In the circumstances specified in clause 8.1. this Agreement, the Party shall promptly notify the other Party about them in writing. The notice must include information on the nature of the circumstances, as well as official documents that certify the existence of such circumstances and, if possible, that give an assessment of their impact on the Party's ability to fulfill its obligations under the Agreement.
8.3. Subject to occurrence of circumstances specified in clause 8.1 of this Agreement, the term of execution of obligations by the Party under this Agreement is extended in proportion to the time during which these circumstances and their consequences exist, or period, after which the resumption of actions for the implementation of services is possible, for example, when the training course is held once a year.
9.1. This Contract shall be effective immediately it was signed by both Parties and since the date of payment effected by the Customer and is valid until the works performed are accepted.
9.2. This Contract may be amended or terminated by the written agreement of the Parties, as well as in other cases as stipulated by the applicable legislation of the country where the company is incorporated and by the terms of this Contract. In case if preliminary contractual terms are changed, the Executor shall issue an invoice to the Customer, or additional payment bills shall be invoiced.
10.1. Any discrepancies and disputes arising between the Parties shall be settled through negotiations by signing additional agreements and statements of disagreements, as well as by reporting on claims to consider within ten (10) business days since the date of claim received by the relevant Party.
10.2. In case if the agreement is not reached by the matter under dispute in the manner as specified in the Clause 10.1. hereunder, the dispute shall be delivered for consideration of the court of the country where the company is incorporated.
11.1. All other issues not regulated by this Contract shall be settled in compliance with the applicable legislation of the country of incorporation of the company.
11.2. All Annexes and Additional agreements concluded between the Customer and Executor shall be the integral part of the Contract.
11.3. The Parties shall accept electronic files as binding, that is, documents sent via e-mail, and agree their legal force equal to documents in paper signed by their own hands, since only Parties and persons assigned by them have the access to relevant e-mail addresses shown in the personal data at the Web-site, and is the electronic signature of the relevant Party.
11.4. The access to the e-mail address is available with the password and the Customer shall be obliged to keep the password confidential. In case of password loss, the Customer shall immediately inform the Executor.
11.5. The Customer has the right to impose obligations on payment for services to a third party (including a legal entity). | {
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Hexateuch love
noun The first six books of the Old Testament.
proper noun The first six books of the Old Testament in the Bible.
[hexa– + (Penta)teuch.]
Compare Pentateuch.
The name Hexateuch, in the intention of the critics, does not mean that the sources of these books are to be found only in the six books herein included.
The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 7: Gregory XII-Infallability
If the Book of Joshua was, as we have assumed, originally connected with the first five books, constituting what is now called the Hexateuch, if these six books were put into their present form by the same writers, we should expect that the Mosaic legislation would be clearly traced through all these books.
Who Wrote the Bible? : a Book for the People
Review: "" The critical analysis of the Hexateuch is the result of more than a century of profound study of the documents by the greatest critics of the age.
University professors of deservedly high repute accept the critical decision that the Hexateuch is a compilation, in which the share of
Collected Essays, Volume V Science and Christian Tradition: Essays
University professors of deservedly high repute accept the critical decision that the Hexateuch is a compilation, in which the share of Moses, either as author or as editor, is not quite so clearly demonstrable as it might be; highly placed Divines tell us that the pre-Abrahamic Scripture narratives may be ignored; that the book of Daniel may be regarded as a patriotic romance of the second century B.C.; that the words of the writer of the fourth Gospel are not always to be distinguished from those which he puts into the mouth of Jesus.
Lectures and Essays
Non-Catholics have almost all followed the critics in the question of the "Hexateuch"; even the conservative Hastings, "Dict. of the
The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume 8: Infamy-Lapparent
In the book of Samuel, even more distinctly than in the Hexateuch, composite authorship is apparent.
Introduction to the Old Testament
Jehovist and Elohist of the Hexateuch; but considering the fact that the older notices in i. -ii. 5, on account of the prominence of Judah and for other reasons, are usually assigned to J, and that some of the characteristics of these two documents recur in the course of the book, the hypothesis that J and E are continued at least into
Further, it is important to note that, just as in the prophetic portions of the Hexateuch, duplicates are often present -- very probably in the stories of Ehud, iii. 12ff.,
_Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament_, where every section throughout the Hexateuch is referred to its special documentary source. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
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