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Get ready to call it a night in one of the best places in the park.
Lavish accommodations almost seem counterintuitive to the outdoor ethos of national parks, but this inn carries the entire history of Western park architecture (park-itecture) within it, dating back to 1904 (over a decade before the park system was even established).
Sometimes the best views take a bit of work.
This is one of those tricky hikes that starts with the descent and ends with the ascent, hence the name: it's five miles in but feels like seven miles out. This hike initially leads you through a stand of lodgepole pine, then geothermal activity, and ends at the base of the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, offering coveted solitude at the river.
Because we both know that you deserve a reward after a strenuous hike, so always pack a cold one.
Finish off your day of exploration with a night cap at the Roosevelt Lodge Historic District, a collection of buildings dating back to 1919. Sit by the charming fireplace, Montana distilled whiskey in hand, and converse with other lodge patrons visiting from all over the world.
Eating & drinking is just as important as camping & hiking.
Many gateway towns surround Yellowstone, including those of Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana. My favorite place to eat amongst them has always been Mark's In and Out, found in the quaint fly fishing town of Livingston, Montana, offering high-quality burgers, fries, fried mushrooms, and shakes. Bring cash though—that's all they take!
If you're only gonna see one thing while you're here, make it this thing.
Yellowstone is replete with must-see destinations, but the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, no matter how many times I see it, always takes my breath away. The best view of the canyon is at Artist Point, thought this spot is often overrun with tourists. To get the view to yourself, take a snow coach tour in the winter.
Opposed to popular belief, this is not with a bison—please respect the wildlife while in the park. For a great selfie, head to Grand Prismatic Spring, perhaps the most iconic hot spring in Yellowstone. This location will offer a backdrop of unbelievable hues swirled together in a cornucopia of burnt orange, dirt brown, azure blue, and beryl green.
If you're gonna visit a park, always make time in your agenda for sunrise & sunset!
Sunrise and sunset in Yellowstone mean more than just picturesque lighting: it means wildlife. Animals are more likely to be sighted at these times and, because of this, I'd recommend the Lamar Valley, a lower elevation in the park that can be filled with thousands of bison at a time (especially in winter).
Every park has a somethin' radical to get yourself into.
Every year, during the month of April, the park opens its roads to pedestrians and cyclists only. I'd suggest the route from West Yellowstone to Madison Junction as it is a smooth ride, along the river, and offers great views of wildlife (bison, elk, river otters, bald eagles, etc.).
Shh! Don't tell too many people, but here's the insider's favorite place.
Though this spot isn't entirely a secret and can be quite busy, it's not advertised by the park and doesn't have signage indicating its location. This is a spot where you can sit in the Gardiner River, fed by geothermal water, making a hot tub-like temperature. Find this location just north of Mammoth Hot Springs.
Though not technically a part of the park, this road will lead you from Red Lodge to the northeast entrance of Yellowstone. This area should have been included in the park though, giving high-altitude vistas of glacier-carved mountains—one of the best drives in America.
Save it to your phone & take it to the park with ya!. | {
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Monica Nicolescu - Funding
A Personalized, Muti-Modal Interactive Robot Assistant for People with Limited Mobility, University of Nevada Reno, Research Enhancement Grant, PI, Amount: $20,000, July 1, 2021 – June 30, 2022.
Intent Recognition for Adversarial Groups using Dynamic, Predictive Threat Heatmaps, Office of Naval Research, PI (Co-PI: Mircea Nicolescu), Amount: $585,858, April 2021 - March 2024
REU Site: Collaborative Human-Robot Interaction, National Science Foundation, Senior Personnel (PI: David Feil-Seifer), Amount: $360,000, January 2018 - December 2021.
From Heterogeneous Individual Capabilities to Emerging Teamwork: An Architecture for Effective Human-Agent Teams, DOD Army Research Lab, PI (Co-PI: Mircea Nicolescu, David Feil-Seifer), Amount: $99,943, 05/01/2020 to 04/30/2021.
An Assistance, Collaboration, and Service Research Platform For Human-Robot Interaction In the Wild, Quori, Co-PI, (PI: David Feil-Seifer), March 1, 2019.
RET Site: Cross-disciplinary Research Experiences on Smart Cities for Nevada Teachers: Integrating Big Data into Robotics, National Science Foundation, Senior Personnel, (PI: Alexis Kostas), Amount: $581,073, September 2018 - August 2021.
Expanding Robotics Teaching and Experimenting, COEN Differential Fees, University of Nevada, Reno, Co-PI (PI: Hung La, Co-PI: David Feil-Seifer, Sushil Louis, Wanliang Shan), Amount: $35,000, 2018.
CHS: Small: Socially-Aware Navigation, National Science Foundation, Co-PI (PI: David Feil-Seifer), Amount: $500,000, September 1, 2017 – August 31, 2020.
Undergraduate and Graduate Robotics Curriculum for UNR College of Engineering, Nevada NASA Space Grant Consortium higher Education – Curriculum Development, Co-PI (PI: David Feil-Seifer), Amount: $44,999, September 1, 2016 – August 31, 2017.
Long-Range Laser Sensors to Modernize Equipment, University of Nevada, Reno, Co-PI (PI: David Feil-Seifer, Co-PI: Hung La), Amount: $7,425, 2017.
Designing Collaborator Robots for Highly-Dynamic Multi-Human, Multi-Robot Teams, Office of Naval Research, PI (Co-PI: Mircea Nicolescu, David Feil-Seifer), Amount: $656,511, April 1, 2016 – March 31, 2019.
Intent Recognition for On-Water Dynamic Maritime Domains, Office of Naval Research, PI (Co-PI: Mircea Nicolescu, Terry Huntsberger - JPL), Amount: $685,355, March 2016 - February 2018.
Humanoid Platforms for Human-Robot Collaboration, Office of Naval Research, PI (Co-PIs: Mircea Nicolescu, David Feil-Seifer), Amount: $312,500, June 15, 2014 - June 14, 2015.
Cluster of Excellence in Advanced Manufacturing at the University of Nevada, Reno, University of Nevada, Reno, Co-PI (PI: Kam Leang, Co-PIs: George Bebis Alan Fuchs, Miles Greiner, Yanyao Jiang, Ghassan Jabbour), 3 Faculty positions for Mechanical Engineering, Computer Science and Engineering and Chemical and Materials Engineering, 2013.
Understanding Intent Using an Activation Spreading Architecture, Office of Naval Research, PI (Co-PI: Mircea Nicolescu, Sushil Louis), Amount: $590,992, July 1, 2012 - June 30, 2015.
Advanced Computer Vision, Robotics, and Visualization Algorithms For Improving Planetary Exploration and Understanding, NASA, Co-PI, (PI: George Bebis, Co-PI: Thomas Jackman), Amount: 629,872, September 1, 2011 - August 31, 2015.
High Throughput Tissue Microarray (TMA) Construction and Interpretation to Facilitate Biomarker Discovery - phase 2, University of Nevada, Reno, Co-PI, (PI: Sanford Barsky, Co-PI: Emil Geiger), Amount: $20,000, 2012.
High Throughput Tissue Microarray (TMA) Construction and Interpretation to Facilitate Biomarker Discovery - phase 1, University of Nevada, Reno, Co-PI, (PI: Sanford Barsky, Co-PI: Emil Geiger), Amount: $3,000, 2012.
Differential Fees Application - Robotics, University of Nevada, Reno, PI, Amount: $4151.68, 2012.
Research Experience for Undergraduates, National Science Foundation, PI, Amount: $8,000, January 1, 2007 - December 31, 2011.
Context-Based Intent Understanding for Autonomous Systems in Naval and Collaborative Robotics Applications, Office of Naval Research, PI (Co-PI: Mircea Nicolescu, Sushil Louis), Amount $543,280, August 1, 2009 - July 31, 2012.
Cyberinfrastructure - part of Nevada EPSCoR "Climate Change" proposal, National Science Foundation - EPSCoR, Senior Personnel (PI: Sergiu Dascalu, 2,293,893), 2008 - 2013.
Autonomous Intelligent Rover Design, National Science Foundation, PI, (Co-PI: Eric Wang, Jeffrey Lacombe), Amount: $29,080, August 1, 2007 - July 31, 2008.
An Enhanced Hands-On Learning Experience in Computer Science and Engineering, UNR Student Technology Fee Distribution, University of Nevada, Reno, PI (Co-PI: Mircea Nicolescu, Sergiu Dascalu), Amount: $11,580, June 1 2007 - October 31, 2007.
Research Experience for Undergraduates, National Science Foundation, PI, Amount: $12,000, January 15, 2007 - December 31, 2010.
Special Projects - NevadaSat: University Rover Challenge, Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE), Co-PI (PI: Eric Wang, Co-PI: Jeffrey Lacombe), Amount: $28,501, January 1 2007 - June 30, 2009.
Special Projects - NevadaSat: Workforce Development, Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE), Co-PI (PI: Eric Wang, Co-PI: Jeffrey Lacombe), Amount: $62,500, January 1, 2007 - December 31, 2008.
Large-Scale, Synaptically Realistic Models of Cortical Microcircuit Dynamics, Office of Naval Research, Co-PI (PI: Phillip Goodman, Co-PI: Fred Harris, Rene Doursat, Henry Markram), Amount $877,000, October 1, 2006 - September 31, 2009.
NevadaSat: Workforce Development, University of Nevada, Reno, Co-PI (PI: Eric Wang, Co-PI: Jeffrey Lacombe), Amount: $62,500, October 1, 2006 - June 31, 2007.
A Computational Model for Intent Understanding, National Science Foundation, Co-PI (PI: Mircea Nicolescu, Co-PI: Sami Fadali, Linda Hayes, Alireza Tavakkoli), Amount: $75,600, July 1, 2006 - June 30, 2008.
Integrating Computer Vision and Robotics Teaching Programs, UNR Instructional Enhancement Grant, University of Nevada, Reno, Co-PI (PI: Mircea Nicolescu, Co-PI: George Bebis), Amount: $1,400, July 1, 2006 - June 30, 2007.
Understanding Intent Using a Novel Hidden-Markov Representation, Office of Naval Research (ONR), PI, (Co-PI: Mircea Nicolescu), Amount: $619,584, June 1, 2006 - May 31, 2009.
An Integrated Teaching Infrastructure for Computer Vision and Robotics, Student Technology Fee Distribution, University of Nevada, Reno, Co-PI (PI: Mircea Nicolescu, Co-PI: Yaakov Varol), Amount: $23,200, June 1, 2006 - October 1, 2006.
Video Games and Robots: A Level Playing Field, Instructional Enhancement Grant, University of Nevada, Reno, Co-PI (PI: Dwight Egbert), Amount: $3,000, June 2006 - May 2007.
NevadaSat: Nevada Student Satellite Program I, NASA, Co-PI (PI: Jeffrey C. LaCombe, Co-PI: Eric L. Wang) Amount: $15,000, February 1, 2006 - June 30, 2007.
NevadaSat: Nevada Student Satellite Program II, NASA, Co-PI, (PI: Eric L. Wang, Co-PI: Jeffrey C. LaCombe), Amount: $15,000, February 1, 2006 - June 30, 2007.
Bacterial sample preparation and pattern recognition development, Phase I, Nevada Nanotech Inc., Co-PI (PI: Eric Marchand), Amount: $10,000, February 1, 2006 - October 31, 2006.
Design and Evaluation of Methods for Robot Learning by Demonstration, National Science Foundation, Early Career Development Award (CAREER), PI, Amount: $410,000, January 15, 2006 - January 14, 2011.
Enhanced Pattern Recognition of Target Chemicals and Bacteria Species with a Compact Chemical Vapor Detection System, National Science Foundation, PI (Co-PI: Joseph Cline), Amount: $76,322, January 1, 2006 - December 31, 2007.
Utilizing Fuzzy Logic for Gene Sequence Construction from Sub Sequences and Characteristic Genome Derivation and Assembly, National Science Foundation, Co-PI (PI: Gregory Vert, Co-PI: Alison Murray), Amount: $76,322, January 1, 2006 - December 31, 2007.
Autonomous Intelligent Rover Design, National Science Foundation, PI (Co-PI: Eric Wang, Jeffrey Lacombe), Amount $76,322, January 1, 2006 - December 31, 2007.
Virtual At Sea Training, Office of Naval Research, Co-PI: Monica Nicolescu (PI: Sushil Louis, Co-PI: Sergiu Dascalu), Amount: $416,584, October 1, 2005 - September 30, 2008.
Infrastructure Initiative for Cognitive Information Processing, National Science Foundation, Senior Personnel (PIs: George Bebis, Kwang Kim, Darko Koracin, Sushil Louis, Roberto Mancini, S. Sing, Yaakov Varol, Melanie Wetzel, W. Yim), Amount $200,000 (budget to Monica Nicolescu for robotic equipment out of total of $2,602,350), October 2005 - September 2008.
Enhanced Pattern Recognition of Target Chemicals and Detection and Selection of Bacteria Species with a Compact Chemical Vapor Detection System Utilizing Multifunctional Sensor Arrays and Selective Materials, NA-22, PI (Co-PI: Eric Marchand, Joseph Cline), Amount: $100,000, October 1, 2005 - December 31, 2007.
Desorption Mercury Vapor Detection, Nevada Nanotech Systems Inc & UNR, Co-PI (PI: Joseph Cline), Amount: $20,000, August 1, 2005 - May 31, 2006.
Robotic Platform for Security and Service Applications, Office of Naval Research, DURIP, Co-PI (PI: Philip Goodman), Amount: $210,593, May 1, 2005 - April 30, 2006.
Open Robotics Reference Platform, University of Nevada, Reno, Undergraduate Research, PI, Amount: $1,000, May 1, 2005 - April 30, 2006.
Detecting the Chemical Signatures of Nuclear Proliferation with Coated, Self-Sensing Microcantilever Arrays, NA-22, Senior Personnel (PI: Jesse Adams), Amount: $450,000, October 1, 2004 - May 31, 2005.
Adaptive Intelligent Swarms for VAST-COVE: Virtual Training of Conning Officers in Ship Self Defense Against Small Boats, Office of Naval Research, Co-PI (PI: Sushil Louis), Amount: $220,241, July 1, 2004 - June 30, 2006.
Natural Interaction and Learning for Service Robotics, Junior Faculty Research Award, University of Nevada, Reno, PI, Amount: $15,000, June 1, 2004 - May 31, 2006.
Enhanced Robotics Curriculum for the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Student Technology Fee Distribution, University of Nevada, Reno, PI (Co-PI: Yaakov Varol), Amount: $12,000, January 1, 2004 - December 31, 2004.
A Hands-on Introduction to Robotics Using LEGO Robot Kits, Instructional Enhancement Grant, University of Nevada, Reno, PI, Amount: $3,000, January 1, 2004 - June 1, 2004.
A Robot Control Architecture for Tightly-Coupled and Temporally Constrained Tasks, National Science Foundation EPSCoR Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (NSF EPSCoR UROP), Advisor (Student: Tyler Becker), Amount: $4,000, 2020-2021.
A Model of Trust for Human-Robot Interactions, National Science Foundation EPSCoR Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program (NSF EPSCoR UROP), Advisor (Student: Eric Duong), 2019-2020.
Nevada Undergraduate Research Award, UNR Undergraduate Research, University of Nevada, Reno, Advisor (Student: Logan Carlson), Amount: $1,800, 2018.
Latent Variable Models for Intrusion Detection and Intent Classification in Autonomous Vehicles, Nevada NASA Space Grant Consortium, Advisor (Student: Logan Carlson), Amount: $4,000, 2018.
Distributed Visualization of Spiking Networks, University of Nevada, Reno, Undergraduate Research Award (Student: Alexander McArther), Amount: $1,500, May 2013 - April 2014.
Vision-based robot localization for SPHERES, University of Nevada, Reno, Undergraduate Research Award (Student: Jared Rhizor), Amount: $1,500, May 2013 - April 2014.
© 2021 Monica Nicolescu | {
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Arch of 12th
Century doorway
Old oak door,
now in south porch
incised slab
The earliest known and visible fabric in the present day church is the arch of a 12th century doorway, originally part of the chancel, and now built into the north wall of the church. There is also an old oak door with medieval iron scrollwork. This door is now on display within the south porch and possibly dates back to 1100 AD. Another example of 12th century craftsmanship is the large incised slab, which is displayed within the porch. One of the earliest examples in Nottinghamshire, it has a design of 12 circles placed on spokes radiating from the centre of the cross-head making an impressive design for a coffin lid.
Most of the building was constructed over a 300-year period. Millstone grit, probably transported via the rivers from Derbyshire, was the chosen building material for the original construction and any rebuilding over the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries.
The nave arcades are early 13th century. The nave columns are unusual in that the north side and the south side capitals were carved with a century passing between their execution. The gentle classical carving of the faces and foliage on the northern capitals is opposed by the "hideous", "grotesque", and "fanciful heads and monsters" on the south side. These are the descriptions offered by historians such as Barker 1835, Tregenzer 1976, and Pevsner 1979.
Construction of the church tower was begun in the 14th century but its erection was very much influenced by the lack of space at the west end, consequently, its construction intrudes into the nave engulfing part of the arches. Also during this century, the south aisle subsided and internal flying buttresses were added during the rebuilding to prevent further toppling of the south aisle.
During the 15th century, the tower was surmounted by an octagonal spire, and the Medieval building period concluded with the reconstruction of the chancel, hence it displays fine Perpendicular style windows.
It was silver coins from this period of medieval history which were hoarded by some individual and eventually deposited in a common pottery jug and buried approximately 100 yards to the north-east of the church c1420. There they lay until they were unearthed over 500 years later by a gardener in the currently named St Mary's Close. Now known as the 'Attenborough hoard', these coins are in the keeping of Nottingham Castle Museum.
In 1454, 99-year-old Sir William Babington, Attorney General in 1413, Chief Baron of the Exchequer in 1419 and occupier of Chilwell Hall, added to the wealth of Attenborough church by including it amongst the beneficiaries of his will.
The first parchment church register for Attenborough was begun in 1560 and bears the signature of John Mather (vicar) and Thomas Chambers and Richard Pearson (churchwardens). The following are examples of the earliest entries of baptism, marriage, and burial:
The 15th day of November 1559 was christened two twinlings, Rosamund and Rose, the children of Henry Gaskin of Toton.
The 17th day of May 1560 John Harrison and Joan Strete, both of this Parish were marryed.
On the 4th day of August 1565 was John Cooke, the infant of Anthony Cooke of Chilwell, buryed.
In 1609, records of the Archdeacon's Court show the first signs of the Puritan Spirit in Attenborough when Jane Ireton was brought before a tribunal for refusing to be churched according to the rites and ceremonies of the Church of England. Later, in 1616, German Ireton her husband was cited and warned with others for not receiving the Communion whilst kneeling.
Between January 1641 and November 1653, Attenborough church registers ceased to record the ceremonies of Baptism, Marriage and Burial. This period of time includes the unrest of the Civil War when Oliver Cromwell's troops are said to have stabled their horses within the church building. These men could have been those under the charge of Henry Ireton. He was born to German and Jane Ireton at the farm house adjacent to the West end of the church and his baptism is recorded in the parish register as 3rd November 1611. He was serious-minded and devout and was described as the kindred spirit of Colonel Hutchinson. Henry became the trusted leader of a troop of local Parliamentarians riding with the cavalry of the Earl of Essex at Edgehill. As the holder of an Oxford degree he was able to draft orders and write declarations and after 1643 he was performing his Parliamentarian duties at a national level. He eventually became one of the signatories to the warrant of execution for Charles I in 1649. During these high profile years he also married Bridget, the daughter of Oliver Cromwell. It is quite feasible that there was a great deal of Parliamentarian activity around the church at Attenborough and the family home of Henry Ireton in those volatile years thus causing the disruption of the normal procedures of the church.
On 3rd May 1641, the eve of the Civil War, Protestation oaths had been made and in Attenborough 42 males over the age of sixteen made their protestation. This number, combined with those recorded at Toton, Chilwell and Bramcote, gives an approximate total of 161 adult males within the ecclesiastical parish at that time.
The Hearth Tax records of 1664-1674 indicate that around this time there were approximately 90 residences within the ecclesiastical parish. The persons owning the largest dwellings, and probably having the most influence in Toton and Attenborough, were "Arthur Warin Esq." whose home had six hearths and "Mr. John Foulgham" who is recorded as having seven hearths in his home.
The parish registers involved a new policy after the "Woollen Shroud Act" of 1678 when a separate register was put in use for burials and each entry was endorsed and initialled by the parish clerk.
In 1722, Attenborough church registers began to record the occupations of the persons there named. There were stocking makers, framework knitters, farmers, labourers, shoemakers, throwster, milliner, coachman, blacksmith, servingman, soldier, waterman and pinder.
In 1783, records show that the smallpox disease claimed the lives of 34 parishioners, 25 of whom were children.
The survey of Throsby c1796 stated that the church building was of "respectable appearance" but by the time Thomas Broughton Charlton, the churchwarden, came to update the Vestry Books in 1841 he recorded that in 1839 the old pewing was considered to be in a dilapidated state and "other kinds of pews were scattered irregularly through the church without any regard to the appearance of the building." So it is recorded that the old pews were replaced by new pitch-pine pews, which cost £320.
Old rood loft stair,
formerly hidden
It was just previous to this, in 1840, that the Incorporated Church Building Society had given a grant to Attenborough church. The ancient oak horse box pew engraved with the letters I P 1623 (former pew of the Powtrell and Charlton families) was also replaced by a new pew for William Charlton Esq with his escutcheon and armorial bearings on the wall above. The engraved ends of the old pew are now incorporated along with further Jacobean carving within the choir stalls and chancel. The original pulpit was also removed from the North side of the nave to the South side. It was at this time that the old rood loft stair was uncovered by workmen.
The spire of the church was replaced in 1848 by Hall, a Nottingham stonemason, resulting in a notably slimmer and taller spire than those of the surrounding parishes. The height, including the weathercock, reached 130ft. During the same period of building the side aisles of the nave were enlarged including new windows and a roof with embattled parapet. The clerestory windows were also inserted high in the nave, and the nave roof was rebuilt with a lower pitch than the previous one. The lower pitch is witnessed by the mark of the earlier roof showing quite clearly on the east face of the tower. During this period of rebuilding at Attenborough, the religious census of 1851 recorded a population of 128 persons for the village with no return. The Methodist New Connexion chapel at Chilwell (built in 1798) enjoyed a general congregation of 40 persons in the morning and 50 in the evening, with 80 children attending Sunday school both morning and evening. The population of Toton was recorded as a total of 133, and out of Bramcote's population of 722, 130 attended church in the morning and 110 in the afternoon.
By 1866, according to Sir Stephen Glynne's notebook, the East end of the church had become covered with "much ivy". This state of the church is also witnessed by the watercolour of 1867 by Joseph Seddon Tyner.
The minute book of 1867 records that a minstrel's gallery was removed from the belfry and a new organ was placed on pedestals in front of the belfry door. A further grant was made by the I.C.B.S. in 1869. More repairs were carried out to the masonry and some joinery work and glazing was done, also, new tiling, the organ altered and new hot water apparatus was provided all at a cost of £519. Some of the money was realized by holding a bazaar. A luncheon and a service collection at the reopening of the church also raised money toward the cost.
Much of the extending and rebuilding, over time, was due to fashionable improvement but some of the rebuilding was possibly due to structural instability caused by subsidence which has occurred over the years. During the 20th century the main structure was calculated to be 22.5cms (9 ins) out of plumb on the south side.
The reconstruction of the south porch, which bears masons marks, took place in the early 18th century. Roof timbers were also replaced at this time and later, in the 1950s. Another grant had been made by the ICBS in 1949 and the church was once more completely re-roofed between 1949 and 1954. Initially, a 17cwt roof beam needed replacement due to damage by the death-watch beetle. It was upon this beam that the year 1704 and the initials R.B. and I.B. were found to be carved. The removal and replacement of this beam alone was estimated to cost £3,500. The Rev J Roberts and the 80-year-old parish clerk, Mr T M Day were overseers of this work.
In the early 19th century, Barker had described the vestry as "a filthy and wretched place more like a stable than any thing else". This would be the same vestry described in Sir Stephen Glynne's notebook as the "vestry on the N. of the chancel which has a plain parapet and square headed window and opens to the chancel by a segmented arch which has an earlier look". This apparent vestry now acts as a heating chamber and part housing for the bellows and workings of the organ. During the above-mentioned post-World-War-II building phase, new vestries and a galilee were completed at the west end of the church. The architect for this major project was Mr F E Woolley and hand cut Derbyshire stone was worked by stonemason Mr N Stothard. Toilets were fitted in the oak panelled robing room, and also, a modern glazed door designed by Mr R Brown and Mr F Kirk.
In the new galilee a small leaded window incorporating a beautiful portion of coloured glass, which was rescued from a bombed church in Sheffield, was given the central position on the West wall. The galilee extensions were financed by Col N G Pearson, a gift in memory of his parents. A bell-ringers' gallery was also part of the new construction with a screen of ¼-inch plate glass held in an aluminium lattice. This screen was for the purpose of soundproofing. The bell-ringers' gallery does partially obscure the original West window when viewed from the nave; however, the part described by Glynne as having "a semblance of tracery" still remains visible from this viewpoint. An anonymous benefactor donated £8,000 to this project the result of which was dedicated on 11th February 1954 by Dr Russell Barry, Bishop of Southwell.
A new appeal for a major restoration fund was launched by the Rev Frank Beech in 1980, the result of which was more repairs to the nave roof, lead replaced on the tower, the spire repointed, and the replacement of some of the above-mentioned stone tracery in the west window. The renewal of the roof copper alone cost approx. £5,500. In addition to all this work, which was completed with money raised by the parishioners, a renovation project of the porch was undertaken. The porch project was sponsored by Miss Winifred Day as a dedication to her family who had held the post of parish clerk from 1717 until that time. Her sponsorship enabled the early Medieval door to benefit from the protection of new modern, well-fitting doors on the exterior of the porch. Miss Day died in 1992 thus ending almost 300 years of her family's service to the church of Attenborough.
As a fitting memorial to Miss Day, who was a former day school teacher and Superintendent of the Sunday school from 1939 to 1971, a new project was begun for the benefit of children and their teachers within the church. A folding dividing-screen was constructed by John Cawley Ltd at the West end of the church creating a separate room under the tower when needed. At the same time, wheelchair access to a toilet for the disabled was created by knocking a hole through the 3ft thick North West wall into the choir robing room. This was known as the 'Miss Day Rooms Project' and cost approx. £25,000 with the initial phase (the doors) being dedicated on the 7th May 1999 by the Rev Frank Beech, first vicar of the single parish of Attenborough. He was invited back from his current parish territory in Worksop for this event commemorating the life and work of Miss Day.
The last attribute to the external appearance of the church was the Millennium clock which was dedicated on 10th December 2000. This was the gift of the late Percy Barsby, a life-long church member and chorister, who lived to the age of 93 years and instructed in his will that £3,000 should be given for this purpose.
A change of dedication did take place during the 20th century possibly during the early 1980s. In the 1979 edition of Pevsner's architectural descriptions of Nottinghamshire buildings he referred to the church of St Mary Magdalene but soon after this it became known as St Mary the Virgin. According to Pevsner, the most impressive aspect of the church building is the exceptionally tall, circular 13th century piers with capitals in the south aisle which, he said, had been "redone by a 14th century workman" who had portrayed the "fanciful heads, monsters and large leaves." The church as a whole he says conveys an impression of "largeness" from the interior.
Over the church's 942-year history it has been served by almost 60 incumbents, an average of 15 years service by each minister.
In 1631 Gervase Dodson, vicar of Attenborough, was, with others, 'indicted for riotous affray'. This is noted against his name on the listing for the Attenborough Protestation Returns. This implies strong anti-papist feelings in the area prior to the protestations which were signed 3rd May 1641.
The longest serving minister appears to be Henry Watkins who began his service in 1664 and was not succeeded until 1711 by Benjamin Cokayne. There seems to have been a long partnership between Henry Watkins and his faithful parish clerk whose burial entry states that he was buried in 1712 and had been parish clerk "since before the Restoration" (1660) which intimates that he had held office for at least 52 years.
Ministers come and go for various reasons, but one case of unexplained dismissal from the parish was highlighted by the publication of a booklet featuring "sudden removal from the curacy of Attenborough cum Bramcote". The subject of the booklet is correspondence of 1836 between Rev Thomas Wilkinson, Rev Joseph Shooter, patron Mr Foljambe, Bishop Wilton and Archdeacon Wilkins. It would appear that, having been in service for "nearly half a century", Rev Wilkinson was left in charge of the parish for a short time after the death of Rev Samuel Turner the vicar of Attenborough in March 1835. Upon the appointment of a new vicar, the Rev Joseph Shooter, a row broke out about who was to have the curacy of the parish. At the first suggestion that he was to be relieved of his post Wilkinson requested Archdeacon Wilkins to allow him to continue at Bramcote. Various reasons were given as to why Mr Wilkinson should not continue his duties at Bramcote, one being the accusations of Sunday service irregularity. He was for some time responsible for services in three different churches and was said to only succeed in holding services at Bramcote at a time when the people were at their dinner tables. Accusations were refuted by Wilkinson and the blame for his dismissal was passed from the vicar, to the archdeacon, to the patron, to the congregation, until finally after his own investigative work Wilkinson discovered that it was possibly due to the general rising intolerance toward families of mixed religion. His wife of 25 years had been a Catholic since before their marriage and he had agreed that the children should be brought up in that religion. It would seem that the arrival of a new vicar was an opportune time to rid the parish of an unorthodox, maybe slightly eccentric, but well-meaning elderly curate. Whatever the reason, Rev Thomas Wilkinson felt that his 45 years of service had been under-valued and even signed one letter to the new vicar as "Your servant under persecution". The whole episode of letter-writing lasted from May 1835 to June 1836 when it was terminated with a final letter from Archdeacon Wilkins stating that the Archbishop of York had requested that Mr Wilkinson be informed that he had "no just cause for complaint". Because Wilkinson was never issued with a substantiated reason for his dismissal he published all of the correspondence dealing with this affair in an attempted vindication of his character, and left judgement to his former parishioners.
When a minister leaves a parish without an immediate replacement an Interregnum occurs, a period when the work of the Church continues under the direction of the laity. This was the case both before the appointment, and after the retirement of Rev Barry Dawson who was instituted on 6th April 1989. During the 1990s there was much discussion as to the suitability of the vicarage house which was then on St Mary's Close. Also discussed was the feasibility of the plans for converting Vale Cottage to a more suitable abode for a vicar, his family and other parish needs. These were scrutinized and eventually passed. Since 1858 Vale Cottage had been the family home of Miss Day the parish clerk. The bequest of the house to the church to the benefit of the parish was made known in November 1992.
On many occasions the residence being offered to the incumbent has proved to be a major obstacle or at least a source of concern, as in 1932 when the vicarage was still situated in Bramcote. The Rev John Buchanan Fraser (1923-39) was endorsing his request for central heating when he pointed out that he had already paid out of his own pocket for various home improvements such as, electric lighting, town water and a new kitchen. His stipend was now reduced to under £400 per year net due to non-augmentation by the patron. Further to his point he added that "my wife is delicate and the proposed heating installation would make tremendous difference to her health and general comfort of the house." Even in 1832 it is recorded in the Church Enquiry that the Glebe house was too small and that the curate was paying £40 per annum to reside elsewhere in the parish while the Glebe house was being let for £7 per annum.
The first female minister to the parish, the Rev Sue Hemsley, was appointed on 4th April 2000 to become Priest in charge of the parish of Attenborough and part-time Chaplain among the Deaf in the Diocese of Southwell. This concluded the second interregnum during which time the ordained help for the parish came from Rev Anthony Thistleton, Professor of Theology at Nottingham University. He was licensed as Honorary Assistant minister to the parish in 1993. This office had previously been held by the Rev George Carey, before he served a term as Archbishop of Canterbury.
The church at Attenborough has benefitted from many long-serving persons in the past, not only ministers but also churchwardens, parish clerks, and most recently, the church organist Ronald McCurdy Jones who retired on 21st October 2001 after 30 years service. Mr Sidney Oldham, along with Percy Barsby, was one of the longest serving choristers and when he died in 1989 at the age of 92 he had just completed 82 years service in the choir. His friend Percy used the quotation "Well done thou good and faithful servant" in his tribute to Sid. Percy also served over 80 years as a chorister before his death in the year 2000. These are impressive records of church members and similar can be said of so many more throughout the history of Attenborough church. | {
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Guava & Java expanded their market in the Philadelphia Airport by opening a new location in Terminal B. This narrow tenant space required creative planning to accommodate the client's program. To keep the space from feeling too enclosed, the side wall was opened up into the adjacent gate waiting room. Bright colored logos and rich finishes enhance the quality service and product offered and have made the location a success. | {
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The Birds of the Arabian Peninsula' by Rob Sheldon, Chair OSME
February 18 2020 17.30 BST | Institute of Archaeology, UCL
Rob Sheldon has worked in nature conservation for almost 20 years, including 12 years with the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB). His interest in birds of the Arabian Peninsula stems from a one year student placement at the National Avian Research Centre in the United Arab Emirates in 1995/96. Most recently he has worked for the Zoological Society of London as the Director of the King Khalid Wildlife Research Centre in Saudi Arabia. He has been a council member of the Ornithological Society of the Middle East, the Caucasus and Central Asia (OSME) since 2009, and is currently serving as Chairman. This talk will look at the varied and wonderful bird life of the Arabian Peninsula, including a number of endemic species that can be found nowhere else in the world.
Not available online.
Wadi al Jizzi Archaeological Project Study Season 2019
Traceological analysis of Paleolithic backed points from Dhofar: insights into South Arabian projectile technology
Ships' Timbers from the Islamic Site of Al Baleed: a case study of sewn-plank technology in the Indian Ocean
Dr Ekaterina Pukhovaia 'The Transformation of the Imamate in Yemen 1200-1800'
Tweets by IASArabia
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Payment may be made by cheque, standing order, bank transfer or via PayPal. Sterling cheques should be made payable to The International Association for the Study of Arabia. Payment by standing order, which greatly simplifies our administration, can bemade by members with a UK bank account to: International Association for the Study ofArabia, Co-Operative Bank, Sort Code: 08-92-99, Account No. 65569832. Transferpayments from outside the UK can be made using Swift: CPBKGB22 and IBAN: GB35 CPBK 0892 9965 5698 32.
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Please pay the sum of £ 30.00 now and annually on January 6th until further notice to the account of: The International Association for the Study of Arabia, Cooperative Bank PLC, 29 High Street, Durham County Durham DH1 3PL, Sort code 08-92-99, Account No. 65569832.
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Enquiries: [email protected] | {
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Used clothing | Gayanes Recycling S.L.
Our company is dedicated to classify and export new and used clothes to all the world. We have 10 years experience on the sector of used clothes.
Here, in our company, we import and export all types and qualities of clothes.
We are a spanish company, situated on ALquer�a de Aznar (Alicante). Here we classify and package the clothe to export it.
If you are interested, you can visit us. | {
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After My Own Heart was the first fragrance launched by San Francisco-based house, INeKE. After My Own Heart is described as a lilac soliflore. It is. After My Own Heart is a green, slightly powdery "purple" floral. "The scent of fresh lilacs floating on the early evening breeze." This is a light, whimsy floral evoking springtime memories.
After My Own Heart is like grass and flowers kissed by rain. It opens with a dewy bouquet of spring flowers and green foliage. It's an ozonic, heady floral. It's like orange blossom water and a-prettier-than-in-reality lilac. The heart is an arrangement of dewy, pollen-y spring florals and crisp, clean "ozone". It dries down to a powdery, honeyed lilac and white musk. It's slightly vanillic with a faint, floral heliotrope.
This is one of those light, airy, breezy perfumes. It's not my type of perfume that I wear (dewy florals and me mix as well as amaretto and tomato juice). However, it's a really great lilac for the money. I recommend it if you like perfumes in the Jo Malone London or Aerin Lauder lines. It's overall feel is carefree, joyous and better-than-reality.
Give Ineke After My Own Heart a try if you like dewy florals or lilac fragrances. Or if you like Chanel Une Fleur de Chanel (discontinued), Frederic Malle En Passant, Guerlain Aqua Allegoria Angelique Lilas, Jo Malone London White Lilac & Rhubarb and/or Marc Jacobs Rain.
The 2.5 oz spray of After My Own Heart retails for $95 at INeKe. There's also an excellent discovery set that retails for $25 that I highly recommend.
Victoria's Final EauPINION – Dewy lilac. I appreciate it but it's not the lilac for me. (Here's my list of lilacs).
To find out more about INeKe, check out my "In the House" feature.
*Sample provided by the brand. I am not financially compensated for my reviews. My opinions are my own. Product from Fragrantica. Ella Raines with PUPPIES from dawnschickflicks.blogspot.com. | {
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We welcome the community to join us on Thursday, November 15th from 7:30 - 8:00 am for a Meet and Greet with the BHS School Resource Officer, Mr. Jeff Morris. This is a great opportunity to get to know him and find out all he does to keep BHS safe!
The Meet and Greet will be held in the Administration Building Conference Room. Light refreshments will be served. | {
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Village School may refer to:
a one-room school, or "village school"
Village School, a 1955 novel by Miss Read.
Schools
United Kingdom
The Village School (London)
United States
Village School (Campbell, California)
Village School (Pacific Palisades, California)
Village School (Unity, Maine)
Village School (Holmdel, New Jersey)
Village Elementary School, Princeton Junction, New Jersey
Village School (Great Neck, New York)
Village School (Charlottesville, Virginia)
The Village School (Royalston, Massachusetts)
The Village School (Eugene, Oregon)
The Village School (Houston, Texas)
The Village School (Richardson, Texas)
Auburn Village School, Auburn, New Hampshire
Australia
Village School (Croydon North, Victoria) | {
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Q: How to reference static resources from a Community HTML header in a cache-compatible way? Communities allow you to specify an HTML document as a header. However, it's just static HTML – no VisualForce. Therefore, you can't use URLFOR() to generate cache busting URLs to static resources, and you're stuck using the "cache forever" URLs, .e.g.:
/community-name/resource/MyStaticResource/js/some-code.js
I currently use a build step that generates cache busting URLs and merges them into the HTML document any time the static resource zip is built, but I'm wondering if there's a simpler way.
A: If its just a single file (so there are no issues with order of loading as this code loads the JavaScript asynchronously) you can work out the URL in JavaScript like this:
<script>
(function() {
var script = document.createElement('script');
script.src = '/community-name/resource/'
+ Date.now()
+ '/MyStaticResource/js/some-code.js';
document.head.appendChild(script);
})();
</script>
Using the current date timestamp ensures the latest version of the static resource is obtained. That is the technique used in this sample AngularJs app, though there the JavaScript would only be requested, cached and used once per application session. But for your use, the JavaScript would be requested and cached every time a page is opened.
If your present system works well, probably better to stick to it than use the above.
| {
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…Solar Flare was picked as the best by Richard Balshaw, Lexus Director. The name will now become an official colour for the RC F in the UK when the model goes on sale here at the end of the year.
The name Solar Flare was suggested in five of the posts on the official Lexus UK Facebook page, submitted by Peter Robert Shaumburg Fodor, Paul Britt, Joe Ettwein, Matt Frenchy and Krisstian Allen.
krew: Old news now, sure -- I was waiting for other markets to name their winners as well. | {
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I'm clueless with a capital B-I mean C. Though I probably could go back and look it up.
Btw, Drey's Birthday is November 23rd. It's actually on my profile's birthdate.
Actually, I don't think you ever told us that, did you? and if you didn't it's fair because I asked a question no one really knew, either.
Subject: Re: Kropiecta character trivia! | {
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Not guilty: memory in the criminal justice system
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Home / News & opinion / News / October / Not guilty: memory in the criminal justice system
Analysis_
Think back to a week ago, month ago, year ago. Do you remember exactly what you did and everyone you saw? Memory is a tricky thing, so what happens when it's all that stands between a person going to jail or walking free?
In the latest episode of the University of Sydney podcast Open for Discussion, our host Dr Chris Neff speaks with Dr Celine van Golde from the School of Psychology about her research into the reliability of eyewitness testimony and memory.
Host: Dr Chris Neff
Guest: Dr Celine van Golde
Producer: Annika Dean
Editor: Caitlin Gibson
Dr Celine Van Golde
[email protected]
Celine is a forensic psychologist in the University of Sydney School of Psychology. Her research focuses on the fallibility of memory in adults and children. She is the founder and direct of Not Guilty: the Sydney Exoneration Project.
Listen via Soundcloud
2021: all news
(music plays)
Chris Neff: Ever wondered how reliable eyewitness testimony in court can really be? Memory is a tricky thing so what happens when it's all that stands between a person going to gaol or walking free? Joining me today is Dr Celine Van Golde from The University of Sydney's School of Psychology. Celine's research looks at the reliability of eyewitness memory in children and adults and specifically how interviewing techniques can affect memory accuracy.
Thank you for joining us today on Open for Discussion, Celine.
Dr Celine Van Golde: Hi.
Chris Neff: Did I just butcher your name?
Dr Celine Van Golde: Kind of, but that's fine...
Chris Neff: Ok, could you tell us how to pronounce it better?
Dr Celine Van Golde: Yes in Dutch it would be "Van Goulden".
Chris Neff: Ok. good…
Dr Celine Van Golde: Yeah..yeah
Chris Neff: I'm not…
Dr Celine Van Golde: Dutch (laughs)
Chris Neff: …anywhere near that.
Ok good. But now your area of research is fascinating. It's eye witness testimony in court cases. How did you come to start studying that?
Dr Celine Van Golde: Well originally I started of with a law degree and one of my electives was in forensic psychology and it looked at a lot of things ah such as eye witness memory, false confessions, anything like identification evidence and it actually made me realise that law wasn't really my thing and psychology might be more. So I switched to a psychology degree and I did my bachelors in cognitive psychology, really focusing on memory in general and I found memory very intriguing but specifically when we can apply it to forensic situations.
Chris Neff: Why is memory such a tricky thing? Are we good...like are we good with our memories?
Dr Celine Van Golde: Well even people that believe they're very good are actually not good at memory and that's because memory is reconstructive. So, unlike popular belief, I used to use the metaphor of a video recorder but I do realise nobody owns a video recorder anymore so I'm just going to say a YouTube video which you can pause…
Chris Neff: iPhone video.
Dr Celine Van Golde: iPhone video...anything. People watch YouTube don't they?
Chris Neff: Yes. I watch YouTube constantly.
Dr Celine Van Golde: (laughs) Not at work of course.
Chris Neff: No, no.
Dr Celine Van Golde: You can pause it. People believe that with memory you search for the one memory that you want to see. You can pause it, you can rewind it, you can look at all the details, however you want. However, research has shown that it doesn't work like that at all and when you try to retrieve your memory, a lot of different factors will actually influence what you remember and how you remember it so even the mood that you are in at that point will colour the memory that you are trying to retrieve.
Chris Neff: So what, what percentage of eye witness memory is correct? Like is...is what actually happened.
Dr Celine Van Golde: I'm...very skeptical at this moment about memory but I would say unless you have got actually collaborating evidence, so you've got independent evidence that can verify what happened like photos or videos. We are very uncertain what is correct what is incorrect.
Chris Neff: Ok. So I would assume in a lot of your research cases, people have asked to remember events from a long time ago.
Dr Celine Van Golde: Yep.
Chris Neff: What happens if it's not something that was current but testimony about a long passed event?
Dr Celine Van Golde: What we know from research is that like memory decays quite rapidly. So everybody's memory, within the first hour you will forget a big proportion of what you actually witnessed. So give and take like 10, 20 years that is gonna be even more and more that you'll forget. So I would say it's not very reliable for a very long period of time. Like if you remember something from very long ago, you might remember core details but overall…tricky.
With memory, unless you do something to consolidate it straight away…so we're, we're actually doing some research on how if you write something down straight away, how that can protect your memory, even for later on. And you can go back to your notes later on, but even if you don't read over the notes that you took straight away, you are actually better protected against suggestions later on. What you see, like there's a very famous like little forgetting curve and it shows that...if you ask people to watch a video and then an hour later ask them to describe what they saw in the video, they actually forget about like 60% of all the details already in there.
Chris Neff: Wow.
Dr Celine Van Golde: That's an approximate. And then you see it plateaus out. So then it becomes a little bit less and they remember a small proportion of that video and it plateaus out over time and the problem with forensic settings or with events that have happened to you, because they can be very sudden. So if you ask for specific details, it's very difficult to remember those specific details.
Chris Neff: Yes…well that's one of the things that we see often.
Dr Celine Van Golde: Yes…yep.
Chris Neff: And when we are looking at shark bites, it's whether or not eye witnesses can tell us what type of shark was involved...
Chris Neff:...and the colour of the shark is often the key…
Dr Celine Van Golde: ...yep.
Chris Neff:...factor and that's very tricky.
Chris Neff: ...and as you say these are highly emotional events…
Chris Neff:...people are stressed out, bad things are happening so…
Dr Celine Van Golde: Yes. Because of course it's a very stressful event so if you see someone getting attacked, the stressful situation, what we found is that people that are highly aroused, so very stressed out, will remember the central details of the event better than peripheral details. So they will remember better like the shark and it's teeth than they would for example remember oh what was the bathing suit that the person was wearing...down the beach.
Chris Neff: Mmm hmm.
Dr Celine Van Golde: And even for like just life events. Everything about my childhood, I doubt everything now. Unless I see a picture.
(both laugh)
Dr Celine Van Golde: But it really is…like it's just a reinterpretation. It's what people have told you about your childhood.
Chris Neff: Yeah.
Dr Celine Van Golde: And then all of a sudden, that's what you come to remember and then you realise that's not true at all.
Dr Celine Van Golde: We're doing some studies with it now where people like either take a picture of an event or they write about it after they've witnessed it...
Chris Neff: That's good...yeah.
Dr Celine Van Golde: ...and what they actually see is that you almost, if you take a picture…you...it's not that you don't consolidate the memory, but you kind of are relying that the picture is there so…
Chris Neff: Mmmm hmm.
Dr Celine Van Golde: ...you're not really…like the storage of it's just…
Chris Neff: Oh interesting.
Dr Celine Van Golde: Yeah but I don't know what the exact process is but people, you see a difference with people and now everybody's on their phones taking videos and photos and ahh...like I'll get back to that..
Dr Celine Van Golde: …but then when you ask the question you're actually not that good at it.
Chris Neff: You're listening to Open for Discussion. A University of Sydney podcast that looks at research through a personal and critical lens. I'm your host, Chris Neff and we're exploring memory and it's pivotal role in criminal cases with my guest, Dr Celine Van Golde.
Chris Neff: In cases where eye witness testimony has turned out to be incorrect…
Dr Celine Van Golde: Mmm hmm.
Chris Neff:…is it more than likely because someone lied? Or...or are there instances where people genuinely believed what they saw?
Dr Celine Van Golde: It can go either way but what we often see with cases of wrongful convictions is that people mistook somebody that they thought was the perpetrator or are they actually created a false..what we call a false memory about an event. So...once something is suggested to them due to the type of questions that we ask them...that they are asked by police officers, that they are asked by others, they can really start to remember something that didn't happen to them. But people also can come to believe that they committed a crime that they didn't do, just because they had been like interviewed, in a specific way.
Chris Neff: Woah.
Chris Neff: So our memory, short term and long term is bad and then, but we...depending on the way questions are asked, we could believe that we committed a murder.
Dr Celine Van Golde: Yes.
Chris Neff: Ok.
Dr Celine Van Golde: What you see is, there's a couple of famous cases. There's one case where a man, he's in gaol at the moment still. So his daughters actually created false memories about being sexually abused by their Dad. They were feeling very upset, they went into therapy and then the therapist was asking them questions, very suggestive, very leading. And they came to believe that their Dad had sexually abused them when they were children and involved them in satanic rituals and a lot of that sort of stuff. Afterwards they pressed charges and the police interviewed him and this guy was, he was very like...he was very religious and he believed in God and he thought my children would never ever lie to me and they would never accuse me of something like that so he started praying a lot and then he found out during all this like reflection, that he was like well because they wouldn't lie, I must've done this, even though I cannot remember it. And he then created a false memory about sexually abusing his children and he came to confess to a crime that he didn't commit. And then later on a psychologist intervened and said well like...this is like...all getting a little bit weird this whole story, let's just see if we can make him confess to whatever and make him believe that he did whatever. So he came up with...the psychologist was interviewing this guy and he came up with all these different details and the guy was just confessing to everything and he created false memories about all these different aspects that actually didn't happen and the psychologist said, we shouldn't believe in his confession, it's clear that he has created this false memory and his kids probably as well. And the guy was just like nah I truly believe what I did and I should be punished for this and he decided to stay in gaol.
Chris Neff: Oh my god.
Chris Neff: How common is this kind of thing?
Dr Celine Van Golde: It's...I would say like nowadays its less common, even though it can...it can happen very easily and it's also how you define a false memory, is a false memory for a full event or is it just for an aspect of an event that you believe that has happened. What you see is during the 90s there was very much like an increase in court cases where there was suggestions of false memories.
Chris Neff: In the nineties?
Chris Neff: So...
Dr Celine Van Golde: It happened a lot.
Chris Neff: ...what was going on in the nineties?
Dr Celine Van Golde: There were a couple of things going on. So there were a couple of celebrities that came out with recovered memories. They went into therapy and then they rediscovered their memories of sexual abuse. There were a couple of books written as well that were very popular and that stated things like it's very common for people to not remember any sexual abuse that happens and if there are signs like you are a little bit overweight or you feel a little bit sad, those might be signs that you have been sexually abused and just because you don't remember, doesn't mean it didn't happen so go into the therapy and start talking to people. And I almost want to say it's kind of the fashion thing that all of a sudden a lot of the people were looking for answers to the problems that they had when they were adults, started talking to unfortunately psychologists and therapists and they use very suggestive questions, sometimes used…tried to hypnotise them, people become very suggestible when they are…hypnotised and then they start remembering, they pick up on little suggestions and start incorporating that into their memories.
Chris Neff: And it's probably tricky because the symptoms of one thing are probably the symptoms of a great many things but I mean I think just important to note, and I think you'd probably agree, that there are real cases of sexual abuse and…
Dr Celine Van Golde: Oh absolutely.
Chris Neff:..I mean and so...which makes these cases even worse because
Chris Neff: You know...you've got real cases of real trauma, real victimisation, rape and what not…
Chris Neff:…that goes un talked about. And then false memories undermine the whole process.
Dr Celine Van Golde: I know...yeah it's a very tricky situation. You don't want to take away, like even just questioning if somebody is falsely remembering something like that. I mean for them that is also a real thing but then the people that have actually experienced that like...you don't want to discredit any of their memories or what happened to them. So it's…it's very...nasty.
Chris Neff: Well and children are…sort of unimpeachable. You know...they're...they're..you know a little kid says something you would...you would…genuinely believe them.
Chris Neff: So how do you deal with analysing and researching child witness testimony?
Dr Celine Van Golde: Ok...so…what we do...so I look at a couple of different effects in children. So...for example how repeated questioning can influence the memory and change the memory of a child. A lot of people believe like kids are very bad at remembering things, just like adults but they're even a little bit worse. However, they are very comparable and even quite young kids can remember big live events and I think I need to make like a disclaimer because at the start I said like memory is really bad. What I mean is of course within the setting that I do research. So if you witness something and then are trying to like later on recall that, for those types of situations our memories are very bad.
So what is happening, and this is not to talk down the seriousness of sexual abuse but what often happens within those cases, children are young, it's that they don't necessarily experience the sexual abuse as immediately very traumatising. It is something that happened to them and because it's going on for quite a long time and they are groomed into that situation, they can be very uncomfortable but they don't realise it's not normal so they kind of forget about it because it was just something that happened when they were younger and then over time when they grow up and they actually realise well this is something that was not normal and then they reinterpret what happened to them when they were younger and then they recover that memory so to speak. So they never really forgot about it but they interpreted it in a different way and then they come to recover that memory. There's debate though about if people can actually completely block out a memory and I'm not specialised into that scenario.
Chris Neff: So...tell us a little bit about the…is it the innocence project?
Dr Celine Van Golde: It…we call it not guilty...the
Chris Neff: Not guilty.
Dr Celine Van Golde: Yes. The Sydney Exoneration Project.
Chris Neff: The Sydney Exoneration Project.
Chris Neff: That started up here at the university.
Dr Celine Van Golde: Yes. Yep.
Dr Celine Van Golde: So what happens is that we…a colleague and I received a letter from a person who was in gaol and they said...ah we watched a documentary on forensic psychology, that's what happened in my case and I would like you to look at my case and show that I'm actually wrongfully convicted. Having worked in The Netherlands for a innocence style project that used psychology students and law students to work together to reanalyse cases of possible wrongful convictions, I thought like...what if we can set up something similar over here and this case was like the perfect start for that. So I got a group of students together, law and psychology and to analyse this first case and that's how it started.
Chris Neff: That's amazing.
Dr Celine Van Golde: Yeah.
Chris Neff: What has happened and how are the cases going? Is…is it improving their chances of appeal or is it...
Dr Celine Van Golde: So often they have already gone through their appeal…
Dr Celine Van Golde: Sometimes they have already gone through an enquiry as well so we are trying to see if there is fresh evidence so that we can go...try to get like…get the case reopened.
Chris Neff: So essentially I mean it sort of reminds me of like the back work that happens in these podcasts like Serial, you know...or making a murderer on Netflix...or something.
Chris Neff: So is that good? Are these...are these Serial podcasts making us better at understanding these cases or is it…
Dr Celine Van Golde: Like it's two-fold. On one hand I think it's very good because it actually gets little bits of understanding within the community that our legal system is not flawless and that there are issues. And once it's widely known, it's easier to address those issues and to actually make changes to the legal system. On the other hand a lot of people think like...because what you see within Serial, you see a podcast...that was I don't actually know how many episodes, I think it was 12 episodes I think. Umm...but that is like years of work that they have done and then in 12 episodes. And then you've got Making a Murderer which is 10 years of work all condensed into 10 hours. So a lot of people believe it's very easy and it's just like yeah you do it but it's super like Steven Avery, the guy from Making a Murderer is still in gaol. His nephew who was actually interviewed and then falsely confessed, which was interesting...he's like coming out now, he just like released but even that was 10 years, it's 10 hours that you see of it and then people believe it's a lot easier than it actually is. That there's less to it. There's more to it than what you see in those episodes.
Chris Neff: Well it has been an absolute delight to have you here, even considering that these are very difficult topics but fortunately you've helped us make sense of these. So thank you very much.
Chris Neff: Thanks for listening to Open for Discussion, a University of Sydney podcast. To hear more great stories you can subscribe on ITunes and Soundcloud. [This] month Celine and I are also taking part in The University's Raising the Bar event where along with 18 others will each be discussing our areas of research to a live audience in a number of pubs around the city. For more information head to raisingthebarsydney.com.au where you will also find the podcasts of all the talks after the event so if you aren't able to make it, make sure you stop by and listen to them there. And join me next time where I'll be chatting to Amanda Sallis all about the science behind a healthy diet.
[email protected]
Confronting radical extremism
Radicalisation and terrorism are key issues of our time. In the first episode of the Open for Discussion podcast's second season, Hussain Nadim discusses the latest research on confronting radical extremism.
How to prevent crime before it happens
How do we encourage people not to break the law? Dr Garner Clancey from Sydney Law School joins Open for Discussion to chat crime statistics and the strategies used today to prevent crimes.
Our lives in the age of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial intelligence is all over the news. It's driving our cars, cleaning our floors, milking our cows and some say taking our jobs and soon drones will be flying into our backyards delivering books and pizzas. But is this reality? | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Q: How to change data type of a column in DataTable I am using the following code to read from a SELECT Sql query and then fill my DataTable from it (dt is my DataTable, cs is my connection string and query is the Sql script):
using (OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(cs))
{
conn.Open();
OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand(query, conn);
dt.Load(cmd.ExecuteReader());
conn.Close();
}
It works fine and my DataTable will be filled with what my query returns.
But I want my DataTable to contain only string (varchar) values regardless of what my query says.
E.g. If my query says:
SELECT 1 AS ID, 'John' AS Name
Then the ID value of my Datatable will be an integer whereas I want everything to be string.
How can I achieve this?
A: // Create a temporary table
DataTable dtNew = new DataTable();
for(int i=0;dt.Columns.Count;i++)
{
dtNew.Columns.Add(dt.Columns[i].ColumnName,typeof(string));
}
// Add data to new table
for(int i=0;dt.Rows.Count;i++)
{
dtNew.Rows.Add();
for(int j=0;dt.Columns.Count;j++)
{
dtNew.Rows[i][j] = dt.Rows[i][j];
}
}
dt=null;
dt=dtNew.Copy();
A: There is no direct way to specify that results should be all string. You can't simply instruct DataTable.Load to convert every type to string.
Your options are:
*
*Convert every value in the DataTable to string by iterating
each row and column.
*If possible then, convert/cast each column in your SQL query to
varchar
This could get you started.
DataTable dtAllString = new DataTable();
foreach (DataColumn column in dt.Columns)
{
dtAllString.Columns.Add(column.ColumnName, typeof(string));
}
foreach (DataRow row in dt.Rows)
{
List<string> columnValues = new List<string>();
foreach (DataColumn col in dt.Columns)
{
columnValues.Add(Convert.ToString(row[col]));
}
dtAllString.Rows.Add(columnValues.ToArray());
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
[email protected]
Allicom Travels
Global Travels updates
US Resumes 'Drop Box' Visa Processing In Nigeria
The United States (US) Government has announced the resumption of the drop box service or interview waiver in Nigeria.
This is coming 32 months after the US mission in Nigeria, first announced the indefinite suspension of drop box process for visa renewals in all its consulates in Nigeria in May 2019.
The suspension order was disclosed in a statement by the United States Embassy in Nigeria. The Drop Box visa renewal programme allows certain visa applicants who have previously been issued US visas to renew their visas without attending an interview. This means that you can get a US visa stamp without any personal interview by a US visa officer, but rather submit documents.
However, in the outlined criteria, the embassy said to qualify for the interview waiver, "visa applicants must be applying to renew either a B1/B2, an F, an L, or an H visa. The applicants must satisfy all of the criteria for their visa class."
The statement noted that, if applying as a group or family, all members must fulfil each criterion to use the programme.
The US Embassy in Nigeria, also said that applicants who are 79 years and older automatically qualify for the interview waiver. Although, they are still required to apply and print a copy of their interview waiver letter through the schedule platform.
The statement read in part: "Right now, this service is only available to applicants renewing a B1/B2, C1/D, F, M or J, H and L visa. Applicants must satisfy all the following criteria for their visa class. If applying as a group or family, all members must fulfil all criteria to qualify for interview waiver.
"For B1/B2 or C1/D visa holders: the applicant must possess a full-validity B1/B2 or C1/D visa that expired within the past 24 months or will expire in the next three months.
"The applicant must be a citizen or resident of Nigeria. The applicant must not have been refused a visa since the issuance of the previous visa, or had a visa revoked, or have ever required a waiver.
The applicant possesses all issued passports covering the entire period since receiving the previous visa and the passport with the most recent visa.
"The applicant has never been arrested or convicted of any crime or offence in the United States, even if the applicant has later received a waiver or pardon.
"The applicant has never worked without authorisation or remained beyond their permitted time in the United States. C1/D applicants must possess a letter from the employer outlining the scope, duration, and location of the anticipated work."
The same criteria also apply to Lagos F or M visa holders and Abuja applicants with F1/F2 visas, while for J visa holders, the embassy said the visa must be for academic purposes.
"The applicant's DS-2019 must be for an academic program (not summer work travel, au pair, or camp counsellor", the statement said.
The embassy also instructed applicants to complete their applications using this link.:
"The following documents are to be mailed to the Abuja embassy via a designated document delivery DHL facility: "A printout of your submission letter (printed from ustraveldocs.com/ng/); completed DS-160; an approved I-20; a receipt for your I-901 SEVIS fee; a GTB (MRV) receipt for your visa fee; your passport containing the expired student visa (if that passport is expired, a current valid passport is also required)."
Also required are: "A passport photograph meeting these requirements; proof of continued full-time enrollment (such as transcripts, tuition payment, etc.)".
The embassy added that only applicants with scheduled appointments can drop off documents at the US Consulate.
Australia could open to tourists before Easter, says country's prime minister
Australia's prime minister says he wants to open the nation's borders to fully vaccinated international travellers "certainly before Easter".
In a radio interview, Scott Morrison said the restoration of incoming tourism and family visits is "our next hurdle".
He said: "We're working away to just get the timing of that right, and I don't think it's too far away. I'd like to see us get there soon, certainly before Easter, well before Easter.
"We're just watching how Omicron is sort of washing over the eastern states at the moment, but with Omicron peaking, that then starts opening up opportunities."
At present tourist arrivals from the UK and the vast majority of other countries are banned. Even moving around Australia is fraught with problems, with Western Australia keeping borders closed.
The WA premier, Mark McGowan, cancelled the planned reopening on 5 February, saying that to allow in outsiders before boosters had been rolled out across the state would be "reckless and irresponsible".
Scott Morrison did not refer to Western Australia in the interview, which was with the North Queensland radio station 4CA.
He was speaking on the day that Tourism Australia launched a promotion aimed at luring long-stay working holidaymakers to the country. They are already able to enter the country, even though short-term tourists are not.
Anyone who arrives before 19 April 2022 gets their A$495 (£265) visa fee refunded.
The campaign is aimed at young people from the UK, Ireland and five other countries.
Tourism Australia's managing director, Phillipa Harrison, said: "This new incentive will potentially enable thousands of working holidaymakers to start working and travelling here sooner than planned, while also providing much-needed support to our tourism and hospitality sector with a boost in visitation and some relief to their current workforce pressures. "Our tourism industry is keen to welcome them back."
United Arab Emirates has lifted its travel bank on Nigeria and 11 other African countries.
The UAE officials said all inbound flights from Nigeria and 11 other countries would resume after the indefinite ban that was triggered by the Omicron variant of Covid-19.
The 12 countries affected by the ban were Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Republic of Congo, South Africa, Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia and Zimbabwe.
According to the UAE General Civil Aviation Authority and the National Emergency Crisis and Disasters Emergency Management Authority, starting 2.30 pm on Saturday, January 29, entry measures for travellers coming in from three other African countries: Uganda, Ghana and Rwanda have been updated
It, however, said inbound passengers from the listed countries would be required to present negative Covid-19 test results, obtained from approved laboratories not longer than 48 hours prior to their departure, on arrival in UAE.
Also, the passengers will be required to undergo a Rapid PCR test at the airports of departure as well as another PCR test upon arrival.
Emirates Airlines, one of the UAE carriers, had also suspended flights to many African cities due to the earlier directive.
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Covid-19 tests scrapped for England arrivals
Travellers touching down in England will no longer have to take Covid-19 tests if they are fully vaccinated against the virus, the government has confirmed.
The changes will be introduced from 04:00 on February 11th.
The travel sector welcomed the move as a welcome boost ahead of the half-term holiday next month.
Rules have also been eased for unvaccinated travellers, who will no longer have to take a day eight test.
However, they will still need pre-departure and day two tests.
Everyone arriving in England, regardless of vaccination status, will still need to fill in a passenger locator form - although these would be made "simpler and easier" to complete, transport secretary Grant Shapps said this afternoon.
Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have previously followed the lead of England, but any changes are for them to decide.
Commenting on the changes, prime minister Boris Johnson said although people had to be "cautious," "you can see the figures are starting to get better". The move will be welcomed by the travel and tourism industry, one of the sectors most badly affected by coronavirus lockdown measures.
Julia Simpson, World Travel & Tourism Council chief executive, said: "WTTC welcomes the government's decision to scrap testing for those who are fully vaccinated travelling to England.
"There is no longer any need for testing, and we urge ministers across the UK and countries around the world to follow England's lead and allow the fully vaccinated to travel freely.
"After a gruelling 18 months for the UK tourism sector, this will provide a massive boost to businesses up and down the country."
European Countries Travel Restrictions: Vaccination, Covid-19 Booster, Testing and Quarantine Rules
On Wednesday January 5 Europe recorded 1.02 million new cases of Covid-19, up from 900,000 cases reported across the European Union the day before–both were daily records. To battle these record-breaking infection rates, many EU countries are contemplating making vaccination mandatory. France passed a law (which still needs to go through the Senate) to turn its current health pass into a vaccine pass–this would require everyone to be fully vaccinated to be able to eat out, go to a bar or visit a museum (a negative test result would no longer suffice). Italy made vaccination mandatory for the over 50s, approximately 28 million people, and Austria is planning to make vaccination compulsory for everyone over the age of 14 from 1 February 2022.
Here is the list of booster, vaccination, testing and quarantine requirements for EU countries for January 2022.
1. Austria— tourist travel open to vaccinated with booster or PCR test result Since 20 December, anyone wanting to enter Austria must follow the 2G rule where in addition to showing evidence of having been vaccinated or recovered, you must also either show a negative PCR test result or evidence of having had the booster jab. Internally, the country is following Covid-19 restrictions based on what is being called the 3G rule–Geimpft (vaccinated), Genesen (recovered), Getestet (tested negative). Some venues are asking for 3G proof, others 2G and some 2.5G, depending on the region and venue.
2. Belgium—most unvaccinated not allowed. Belgium is color-coding countries to determine travel restrictions as per ECDC recommendations and much of the EU and Schengen area are currently red, as well as most third-party countries. Updates are done on Saturdays. Travelers arriving from green or orange zones do not need to quarantine or test. Anyone arriving from a red zone in the EU/Schengen area or a red zone White List country–if they are vaccinated, they do not need to get tested or self-isolate. Anyone unvaccinated will need to arrive with a negative PCR test result, head into isolation and test out after a negative test on days 1 or 2. Anyone arriving from a red zone from outside the EU/White List is only allowed if they are vaccinated, or can prove they are traveling for essential reasons.
3. Croatia—proof of paid accommodation required. Anyone arriving from an EU/Schengen area country can enter if they can show one of the following: proof of vaccination in the past 365 days, proof that they have had Covid-19 (between 11 and 365 days before arrival), or proof of a negative test taken no more than 48 to 72 hours before arrival at the Croatian border.
4. Czech Republic—rules tightened for foreign nationals. Rules were tightened on 27 December for all foreign nationals. Anyone who has been fully vaccinated but not had a booster will need to have a negative PCR test result to enter the country, if they are on the right list. Unvaccinated people will need to also take a PCR test on days 5 and 7 after arrival. Anyone arriving must fill in the arrival form.
5. Denmark—vaccinated need negative test results. From 27 December, the government requires anyone arriving to have a negative Covid-19 test result, even if vaccinated. The test must be a maximum of 48 hours with a rapid antigen test or 72 hours with a PCR-test at the time of entry. Anyone arriving from a high-risk country must also self-isolate for 10 days after arriving in Denmark. People may 'test out' of quarantine on day 6 with a negative PCR test result.
6. France—testing for all non-EU arrivals. France is operating a green, orange, red and a scarlet list of countries, from which different travel restrictions apply, the main difference being if people are vaccinated or not. As of 4 December, anyone arriving from the EU/Schengen area will only need to take a test if they are not vaccinated (taken up to 24 hours before arrival). However, everyone must now test if they arrive from outside the EU+ bloc, even if they are vaccinated. These tests must be PCR (some antigen tests are allowed) and taken no more than 48 hours before arrival. For unvaccinated travelers, the color codes determine if they are allowed to travel. The U.S. is on the red list meaning that unvaccinated travelers must have a pressing reason for travel. Arrivals might be subject to random testing and everyone must self-isolate for 10 days.
7. Germany—travel ban in place as unvaccinated restricted. Every traveler must fill out a Digital Registration Form and there is testing taking place upon arrival. Fully vaccinated travelers from anywhere can enter Germany, as can those who have had Covid-19, children under 12, anyone in transit and anyone who is resident in the EU/Schengen area. For most other situations, there is a travel ban currently in place where there must be an urgent need to travel.
8. Greece—every arrival must test. There is a list of countries from which travelers can visit, which includes the U.S. and the U.K. Until at least 10 January, all arrivals must have a negative PCR test taken no more than 72 hours before arrival or a rapid-antigen test taken no more than 24 hours before arrival, regardless of vaccination status.
9. Ireland—vaccinated doesn't need to test. From 6 January 2022, anyone who is vaccinated or can show proof of recovery from Covid-19 in the past 6 months does not have to test before arrival. Anyone else can enter with a negative PCR test result.
10. Italy—unvaccinated need to quarantine for 5 days. Italy is running a series of lists, where countries are subject to very different travel restrictions. Travelers from Safe List countries for instance do not need to undertake the current 5-day quarantine that many other unvaccinated travelers must.
In many cases, even vaccinated travelers must arrive with proof of a negative Covid-19 test result. Unvaccinated travelers are allowed to visit but must have proof of a negative Covid-19 test result and must quarantine for five days (this includes the U.S.). At the end of the five-day quarantine, they are also required to take an antigen or PCR test to leave self-isolation. Everyone must fill out a Digital Passenger Locator Form.
11. The Netherlands—entry ban in place from outside EU. Travelers are allowed into the Netherlands from the EU/Schengen area but there is a travel ban effective from all travelers arriving from outside this area with some exemptions for people traveling from safe countries (and these people would need to arrive with a negative test result). Vaccinated people fall into this exemption category. Anyone arriving from high-risk areas are not allowed to enter, unless they fall into the exemption categories (and then must show negative test results and quarantine). Everyone must fill in a Health Declaration Form.
12. Spain—vaccinated, EU and EU safe list can visit. Since 17 July, Spain has been open to vaccinated travelers, EU residents and anyone from an EU safe-list country (Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Indonesia, Kuwait, New Zealand, Peru, Qatar, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, the UAE and Uruguay). Aside from some specific categories of people, non-essential travel is not allowed for the unvaccinated from third party countries outside the EU/Schengen area.
13. England–travel restrictions eased. The government announced the relaxation of travel restrictions in England at the beginning of January where vaccinated travelers are now allowed entry, without the need for pre-departure testing. However, they must take a lateral flow test on day 2, booked before arrival. For unvaccinated people, there is a need to arrive with a negative Covid-19 test result, enter quarantine for ten days and then take a PCR test on Day 2 and Day 8.
UAE Announces Travel Ban On Unvaccinated Citizens, Booster Dose Required For Travel.
The National Emergency Crisis and Disaster Management Authority (NCEMA) of the UAE on Saturday announced a travel ban on its citizens unvaccinated against coronavirus disease (Covid-19) starting January 10.
Moreover, according to the national protocol booster doses vaccinated citizens are required to obtain the booster dose for travel.
However, unvaccinated citizens from the following categories are permitted to travel;
Individuals medically exempted from taking the vaccine.
Humanitarian Cases.
Individuals traveling for medical and treatment purposes.
Justin Trudeau laid out the federal government's priorities in a mandate letter written to immigration minister
Trudeau laid out the federal government's priorities in a mandate letter written to Fraser on December 16. Fraser took office as the Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship of Trudeau's cabinet on October 26.
In the letter, Trudeau has outlined 13 measures that the immigration department is meant to focus on. They cover varied objectives, from increasing the immigration quota for refugees to addressing delays in the system due to Covid-19. Strengthening of family reunification programs and welcoming skilled workers to high-demand sectors like medical fields find a mention too.
These guidelines are expected to drive the changes to the immigration processes in the upcoming days at both federal and provincial levels.
Canada should reduce processing time for immigration applications and focus on expanding permanent residency opportunities for international students, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has said in a letter to Canada's new immigration minister Sean Fraser.
Canada lifts travel ban on Nigeria and nine other African countries.
Canada announced Friday the lifting of a ban on foreign travellers from Nigeria and nine other African countries.
The country also reimposed testing, warning that the Omicron variant of Covid-19 risks quickly overwhelming hospitals.
Apart from Nigeria, the travel restriction on flights is also lifted on South Africa, Mozambique, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Lesotho, Eswatini, Namibia, Malawi and Egypt.
Health Minister Jean-Yves Duclos was quoted as announcing this at a news conference on Friday.
He said the lifting of the travel ban would take effect from 11:59 pm on Saturday.
The restriction had been announced last month "to slow the arrival of Omicron in Canada and buy us some time," he said.
"But with Omicron now spreading within Canada it is no longer needed," he added.
UK Lifts Suspension On Processing Visa For Nigerians
The British High Commission has resumed the issuance of visitor's visas to citizens of countries previously on its red list, including Nigeria.
In the wake of the Omicron variant fears, the UK government had placed Nigeria and some other countries on a 'red list', restricting travel and entry to the UK. But, it has now retracted that decision removing Nigeria from the list which had generated a public outcry.
UK's latest Covid travel rules on PCR tests
The UK's red list has once again been left empty after 11 countries were removed from it at 4am from December 15 in a move that paves the way for Brits hoping to escape for some winter sun, although there are still key factors to consider when booking a holiday during Omicron.
Angola, Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe have all been taken off the red list.
This means that currently anyone returning to the UK from abroad will not be required to stay in a quarantine hotel, with costs of up to £2,285 for adults.
In fact, under the latest Covid travel rules, anyone arriving into the UK will be required to take a pre-departure Covid test - PCR or lateral flow - within 48 hours before departure. Once you arrive in the UK, the rules on tests and self-isolation depend on your vaccination status.
If you're fully vaccinated against Covid (aka two doses of an approved jab), you'll need to self-isolate at home for the first two days, and take a PCR test on day two. A negative result will release you from your self-isolation.
If you're unvaccinated or partially vaccinated, you'll need to self-isolate at home for 10 days, taking PCR tests on days two and eight.
Travellers will need to pay for the PCR tests themselves, although there are a lot of travel firms offering discounted PCR tests including the likes of TUI, easyJet, Jet2, Ryanair and British Airways.
Travel rules can change quickly during the pandemic, so you should always check the latest Foreign Office advice for a destination before booking or going on a trip as this will include any updates for entry requirements and other Covid rules you'll need to be aware of.
Following the Omicron outbreak, a number of countries have already tightened up their entry rules.
For example France has introduced new Covid test requirements for Brits, while Spain changed its entry requirements meaning that UK arrivals now need to be fully vaccinated if they want to visit for holidays.
Other popular holiday spots such as Greece, Turkey and Cyprus remain open to tourists with their existing restrictions.
Britain set to lift travel ban as deadline of Nigeria's planned sanction nears
The United Kingdom is about to scrap the travel ban imposed on countries after the detection of the Omicron variant of COVID-19.
Nigeria is among the countries that UK added to its red list over Omicron.
The Nigerian government had warned the UK authorities to remove the country from the list to avoid taking a similar measure.
Hadi Sirika, Minister of Aviation, had said if by Tuesday, the UK and other countries that took action against Nigeria over Omicron fail to review the policy, Nigeria would have no choice but to ban travellers from UK, Saudi Arabia and Argentina.
However, in a report, Daily Mail said the UK is about to scrap the travel red list and replace it with tests even for the fully vaccinated.
Emirates Airline on Friday announced the suspension of its flights to Nigeria.
1. Ihram
· Take a bath (Ghusl) which showcases an act of washing away all impurities with the intention for Ihram.
· Change into Ihram sheets – Men should change into the two fabrics known as Ridaa and Izaar, whereas women can wear any form of clothing which covers the body and head.
· Perform the obligatory prayers or offer two rakaat of Sunnah prayer.
· Face the direction of the Qibla and officially enter Ihram – You must enter Ihram before you leave for the Meeqat in Makkah.
· At the Meeqat, make the Niyyah (intention) to perform the Hajj.
· Recite the Talbiyah and it is advised to keep reciting it from the moment Ihram is entered until the performance of the
2. Tawaaf
· Upon arriving at the Kaabah, stop reciting the Talbiyyah and you must be in Wudu (ablution).
· Touch the Black Stone (Hajr e Aswad) and start the Tawaaf. Ideally, touch it with your right hand and then kiss it. If, however, you are unable to kiss it directly, you can touch it with your hand then kiss your hand. If you are not able to touch the stone with your hand, face your hand in the direction of the stone and say "Allahu Akbar".
· Make rounds around the Kaabah with the Kaabah being on your left. Men must keep the right shoulder uncovered during the Tawaaf, which is known as Idtibaa. This is done by placing the Ridaa beneath the right armpit and taking it up on the left shoulder. Men must also practice 'Raml' in the first three rounds of Tawaaf, which is essentially walking fast while taking small steps and walk normally during the other four rounds.
· Upon finishing the seven rounds of Tawaaf, go to the station of Ibrahim (Maqaam e Ibraheem) and recite:
وَاتَّخِذُوْا مِنْ مَّقَامِ إِبْرَاهِيْمَ مُصَلًّى
(And take you (people) the Maqaam (place) of Ibraheem as a place of Prayer. [Quran; 2:125])
· Perform two rakaat of prayer behind Maqaam e Ibraheem. If that is difficult, you can offer the prayers in any spot of the mosque.
· Upon offering the prayer, head back to the Black Stone and touch it if possible.
3. Sa'i
· Head for the place of Sa'i and when you near the hill of Safa, the following should be recited:
إِنَّ الصَّفَا وَالْمَرْوَةَ مِنْ شَعَآئِرِ اللَّهِ فَمَنْ حَجَّ الْبَيْتَ أَوِ اعْتَمَرَ فَلاَ جُنَاحَ عَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَطَّوَّفَ بِهِمَا وَمَنْ تَطَوَّعَ خَيْراً فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ شَاكِرٌ عَلِيْم
(Verily, As‐Safaa and Al‐Marwah are from the symbols of Allah. So it is not a sin on him who performs Hajj or 'Umrah of the house (ka 'bah) to perform the going (tawaaf) between them. And whoever does good voluntarily, then verily, Allah is the All‐Recognizer, All‐Knower. [Quran; 2:158])
· Ascend upon Mount Safaa, face the Qiblah, raise your hands and recite 3 times:
اللّهُ أكبر، اللّهُ أكبر، اللّهُ أكبر
(Allaah is the Greatest, Allaah is the Greatest, Allaah is the Greatest.)
لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيْكَ لَه، لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَ لَهُ الْحَمْدُ يُحْيِي وَ يُمِيْتُ وَ هُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيْر؛ لاَ إِلَهَ إِلاَّ اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لاَ شَرِيْكَ لَه، أَنْجَزَ وَعْدَهُ وَ نَصَرَ عَبْدَهُ وَ هَزَمَ الأَحْزَابَ وَ حْدَه
(There is nothing worthy of worship except Allah, Alone. He has no partner, To Him belongs the kingdom, & all praise belongs to Him, & He has power above all things, There is nothing worthy of worship except Allah, He fulfilled His promise, Granted victory to His servant, And alone He defeated the allied army.)
· Descend down to Marwah and the men are to run between the green lights. The distance is marked by two green markers – the men should run till the second marker and then walk up normally to the hill of Marwah and climb up.
· Face the Qibla and recite what you have said at Safa.
· Descend again and head towards Safa. Upon reaching Safa, repeat what you did the first time and repeat the same when you go back to Marwah for seven circuits (One circuit is from Safa to Marwah).
4. Shaving the head/cutting of hair
· Upon the completion of the seven circuits, men should get their head completely shaved, or get their hair clipped. While women are forbidden to shave their heads and only allowed to have a lock or strand of their hair clipped. The act of cutting the hair symbolizes one's detachment from physical appearances and complete subjection to Allah.
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Wemabod Plaza, 31/33, Alli street, Tinubu, Lagos Island, Lagos, Nigeria.
190, Broad Street, Lagos Island, 102273, Lagos, Nigeria.
27, Old Gloucester Street, London, WC1N 3AX, United Kingdom.
© 2023 Allicom Travels | Design by Allicom. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
from the February 2012 issue
from "Les Mohameds"
by Jérôme Ruillier
Translated by Edward Gauvin
Click image below to enlarge
From Les Mohamed by Jérôme Ruillier. © 2011 by Editions Sarbacane. Rights arranged through Nicolas Grivel with the agreement of Sylvain Coissard Agency. All rights reserved.
Jérôme Ruillier
Jérôme Ruillier was born in 1966 in Madagascar and raised in France. His work has been published by Le Pommier, Biblboquet and Autrement Jeunesse. He lives with his wife and two children near Grenoble (France), where he pursues his two interests: mountain climbing and illustration.
» More about Jérôme Ruillier
Translated from French by Edward Gauvin
Edward Gauvin has received prizes, fellowships, and residencies from PEN America, the National Endowment for the Arts, the Fulbright program, Ledig House, the Lannan Foundation, and the French Embassy. His work has won the John Dryden Translation prize and the Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Award, and been nominated for the French-American Foundation and Oxford Weidenfeld Translation Prizes. Other publications have appeared in The New York Times, Harper's, Tin House, and Subtropics. The translator of more than 250 graphic novels, he is a contributing editor for comics at Words Without Borders, and has written on the Francophone fantastic at Weird Fiction Review. In Spring 2019, he will be teaching at the 5th annual Bread Loaf Translators' Conference. Photo credit: Quitterie de Fomervault-Bernard © 2016.
» More about Edward Gauvin | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
That said, there are dozens of health factors to consider when comparing the substances – from one's family medical history to the legality of each drug.
It's a tough call, but based on the peer-reviewed science, there appears to be a clear answer.
Keep in mind that there are dozens of factors to account for when comparing the health effects of alcohol and marijuana, including how the substances affect your heart, brain, and behaviour, and how likely you are to get hooked.
Here's what we know about which substance is more harmful.
The more people drank across the globe, the more their risk of dying and their risk of cancer rose, the study authors found. As a result of these findings, they concluded that there was no "safe" level of alcohol consumption.
In 2014, 30,722 people died from alcohol-induced causes in the US – and that does not count drinking-related accidents or homicides. If those deaths were included, the number would be closer to 90,000, according to the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention.
Meanwhile, no deaths from marijuana overdoses have been reported,according to the Drug Enforcement Administration. A 16-year study of more than 65,000 Americans, published in the American Journal of Public Health, found that healthy marijuana users were not more likely to die earlier than healthy people who did not use cannabis.
In November 2017, a group of the nation's top cancer doctors issued a statement asking people to drink less. They cited strong evidence that drinking alcohol – as little as a glass of wine or beer a day – increases the risk of developing both pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer.
It's impossible to say whether drinking alcohol or using marijuana causes violence, but several studies – including a recent analysis published in the journal Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioural Neuroscience – suggest a link between alcohol and violent behaviour.
For the study, which was published in January, researchers used fMRI scans to see how two alcoholic drinks impacts brain function in 50 healthy adult males. Compared with sober participants, the intoxicated volunteers were found to have reduced functioning in the prefrontal cortex, an area of the brain linked with moderating social behaviour. That reduced functioning was also linked with aggressive behaviour.
Both weed and alcohol temporarily impairmemory, and alcohol can cause blackouts by rendering the brain incapable of forming memories. The most severe long-term effects are seen in heavy, chronic, or binge users who begin using in their teens. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
We have created a lot of custom baskets.
And we can be quite quick about it.
We amaze ourselves at our turnaround time.
There was the time we had to do themed gifts for a remake of Invasion of the Body Snatchers and they had to ship that very day. What to do.
We have resources. And Imagination.
And we work at amazing speed.
Somehow we came up with little babies coming out of a dried flower that looked like a pod. Fingers coming out of the shred, Military Green and Camouflage – it worked. And they got there on time.
Then there was the time we found violin cases for Godfather 3, put an actor's name on each one, filled them with Italian food and Italian wine and sent them off – to Italy! (That one took more than a day to pull off.) And yes, it was a long time ago. But we have been at this a very long time. Which is why we have the resources and the imagination you need for your next crazy idea.
Have we mentioned the 6 foot cardboard coffin full of food we sent to New Orleans for Interview With The Vampire?
More recently we were in the throes of our holiday rush when, yes a week before Christmas, Technicolor needed themed custom gift baskets for Night at the Museum 3. This is the time of year when we can barely get our regular orders out on time. But what did we do? We found T Rex models (larger than we thought they would be, the opposite of Spinal Tap and Stonehenge) and assembled them. Oh and we also found Teddy Roosevelt dolls (a major character for those of you who haven't seen the movie). It took place in England so British food and flags were required. Voila! Perfect gifts, Instagram worthy.
When the Mad Men Finale was underway, well, of course, we had Martini Shakers, High ball glasses and 60's themed ribbon all in black and white. Who doesn't?
Need something more sublime like cutting boards with your name engraved and great food and wine?
We could continue, but you get the point. We prefer more than a day for custom baskets, but after 28 years in this business we know we are handling emergencies; clients need something and they need it fast.
So we are fast. And creative. Here when you need us. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Multi-layer backing protects the floor and maintains mat shape. Designed with top quality material for extreme comfort and style.
These are Quality Guaranteed Mats - Far Superior to Cheap Flimsy Carpet Mats - Longer Lasting (And Better Looking too!) Motor Trend does Auto Interior Right! On average americans spend over 1.5 hours in their vehicles per day! - Keep this Environment inviting, clean and good-looking! Great gift idea. Easy Clean - Use Carpet Cleaner and Air Dry. Installation is simple! Just check to make sure your gas and brake pedals are not going to be in the way. Transform your vehicle today!
Front Mats 26" x 17"
Rear Mats 13" x 17" | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Q: Problem with settimeout in jQuery with AJAX call I'm using jQuery AJAX call to dynamically display search results when a user types in a specified set of input boxes. This code works fine and is identical to the doSearch function below, except that it binds directly to the "input.auto" keyup event. But I'm trying to improve it by adding a time delay -- otherwise the call gets fired for each keyup event and some of the calls overlap which leads to very confusing results.
Following this question I came up with this code:
$(document).ready(function() {
var searchTimer = 0;
$('input.auto').keyup(function() {
if (searchTimer != 0) {
clearTimeout(searchTimer);
}
var length = $(this).val().length;
searchTimer = setTimeout(doSearch(length), 250);
});
function doSearch(length) {
var length = $(this).val().length;
// check to see if there are more than three characters in the input field
if (length > 3) {
//when user enters text, checks and retrieves matches
$("#messages").hide();
$("#messages").removeClass().addClass('loading').text('loading suggestions').fadeIn();
var type = $(this).attr('id');
switch (type) {
// depending on type, different target urls are set
}
$.post(url,{ term:$(this).val() } ,function(data) {
// if no suggestions are returned
if (data=='No matches') {
$("#messages").fadeTo(200,0.1,function() {
$(this).removeClass().addClass('failure').fadeTo(900,1).html(data);
});
// if suggestions are returned
} else {
$("#messages").removeClass().addClass('success').html(data).animate({height: '250px', opacity:'1'},{queue:false, duration:1500, easing: 'easeOutBounce'});
}
});
}
});
});
Perhaps there is a very simple thing here that I'm missing and it's demonstrating my hazy knowledge of jquery and javascript, but I would appreciate any pointers. (Also, if somebody could explain what "searchtimer" does in this syntax, that would be great as well.)
A: the first arg to setTimeout is a function pointer but you're giving the result of the call to doSearch, change it to:
setTimeout(doSearch, 250);
and in doSearch, remove the length arg, as it's overridden by the local length var:
function doSearch() {
var length = $(this).val().length;
// check to see if there are more than three characters in the input field
...
searchTimer is an id for the timeout you fired. It's used to clear it later:
if (searchTimer != 0) {
clearTimeout(searchTimer);
}
this means that you can fire many timeOuts and keep trac of them one by one.
Update:
$(this) in var length = $(this).val().length will refer to the window object not the curent input. You have to capture the input element and then pass it to the doSearch function:
$('input.auto').keyup(function() {
if (searchTimer != 0) {
clearTimeout(searchTimer);
}
searchTimer = setTimeout(doSearch(this), 250);
});
replace doSearch by this one (and any use of $(this) in the function by $(input)):
function doSearch(input){
return function(){
searchTimer = 0;
var length = $(input).val().length
...
}
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
} |
Toy story hotel room themed baby davidlarsonis. Toy story room a for baby decor in box themed nursery hellomentor. Toy story themed kids room design and decor options cute baby boy. Toy story themed roomhoping to transition the baby into his bed. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
InTrans / Nov 18, 2016
'I'm a builder now': Central Iowa Bridge-Building Challenge back again in 2016
Z3 Engineering goes on to win both awards in highest structural efficiency and as the overall winner in the Saturday competition
In November 2015, they were there to "build their dreams," but then, expanded in 2016 to a two-day event, the Central Iowa Bridge-Building Challenge got serious.
How serious? Well, due to the overwhelming interest in the 2015 Challenge, the Iowa Department of Transportation (Iowa DOT) and Iowa State University's (ISU) Institute for Transportation (InTrans) decided to partner again with competition host, the Science Center of Iowa (SCI), to expand their program so more students and families could participate.
The 2016 Challenge began on Friday, November 11, with students in grades 1–3, grades 4–6, and grades 7–8. With a total of 18 teams and 71 participants, there was definitely some competition. Teams had 2.5 hours to design and build their own bridge using balsa wood, wooden clothespins, Popsicle sticks, hot glue, and string. It was solely up to the students to design and build their own bridges, although professional engineers from the Iowa DOT and InTrans' Bridge Engineer Center were there to answer questions and provide some helpful hints.
Then on Saturday, the 2016 Competition opened up to both students and family groups, which included a record-breaking 25 teams and 87 participants.
Now, it wouldn't be a true competition without awards. Each grade level received awards in innovation, truss teamwork, and highest structural efficiency. This was also expanded to the family group during the Saturday competition (along with a few special awards for "Best Adult Team" and "Best Team Name").
Now, although a fun and family-friendly activity, the Bridge-Building Challenge uses real science while teaching students about the engineering design process—a series of steps used by real engineers to come up with solutions to a problem.
"It supported everything that we have been learning in school. The kids were able to apply all that they learned about the engineering design process in a collaborative learning space," said one teacher (grades 4–6) during Friday's competition.
See below for a list of winners of the second-annual Central Iowa Bridge-Building Challenge:
Highest Structural Efficiency (Friday)
Grades 1-3: Studebaker 3 at 28 lbs
Grades 4-6: Team TNT at 104 lbs
Grades 7-8: Soaring Hawks at 126 lbs
Highest Structural Efficiency (Saturday)
Grades 1-3: Team High Trestle Bridge at 93 lbs
Grades 4-6: Z3 Engineering at 97 lbs
Grades 7-8: Team J at 72 lbs
Family: Truss Nobody at 95 lbs
An all-girl team, Master Builders, works together to construct their bridge
Family team, P-Cubic, is unaware that they would go on to be the runner-up for the Truss Teamwork Award
Student and family teams eagerly await bridge results during judging | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Off Broadway In Chicago
Theaters Online
Contribute to a Theater
Now on Stage!
BERNHARDT ON BROADWAY
By stephawalker, September 3, 2010 at 11:42 am
MAXIM'S PRESENTS WORLD PREMIERE OF
ONE-WOMAN MUSICAL ABOUT SARAH BERNHARDT
World's first superstar tells all in
Bernhardt on Broadway,
September 23, October 7, October 21, October 28
Maxim's:
The Nancy Goldberg International Center and the Chicago Department of
Cultural Affairs will present the world premiere of
Bernhardt on Broadway, a one-woman musical about Sarah
Bernhardt, who was arguably the most famous actress who ever lived. Set
in the 1890s at the height of her career, the show is the story of the
world's first superstar, the daughter of a Jewish courtesan who
overcame countless obstacles, formed her own theater company, and
traveled the globe performing (in French only) to sold out crowds.
The show will be presented at
on four Thursday nights over five weeks: September 23, October 7,
October 21, and October 28. Tickets cost $30. Reservations are required
and can be made at 312.742.TIXS (8497) or online at
www.maximschicago.org. Maxim's is located at 24 E. Goethe Street.
Bernhardt will be portrayed by Carol Dunitz, who wrote the script, music and lyrics for
Bernhardt on Broadway. Dunitz
read over eighty books about Bernhardt and her times in English and
French, as well as countless articles and reviews before starting work
on the project. "All my research enabled me to develop a very clear
picture of Sarah Bernhardt and the demons that drove her to persist
against all odds," Dunitz said.
the show, Bernhardt addresses the audience in a relaxed and forthright
manner, talking and singing about her present life and reminiscing
about her past, both personal and professional. Twelve songs seamlessly
contribute to the story as it unfolds. Dunitz is accompanied by Phil
Pennington who also produced the arrangements for the
Bernhardt on Broadway CD.
Bernhardt on Broadway, visit www.bernhardtonbroadway.com.
About Sarah Bernhardt
Sarah Bernhardt was born Rosine Bernard on
Oct. 23, 1844, in The Netherlands, and later moved to
Paris with some of her sisters. Her mother, recognizing that the
Paris smart set was Catholic, had her baptized. Nonetheless, she faced anti-Semitism throughout her life.
Although Bernhardt was not observant, she did acknowledge, "I am a daughter of the great Jewish race."
At the age of 13 she entered the drama school of the Paris Conservatoire.
the early 1870s, "The Divine Sarah" was considered the greatest actress
and one of the most magnetic personalities of her time, beloved for her
golden voice and for the scope and emotional power of her acting.
In1880, Bernhardt formed a theatre company of her own that traveled to far off destinations such as
Brazil, Australia, and
Russia. She made
nine extended tours of America; a savvy self-promoter, she called most of the tours "farewell tours" as a way to encourage people to buy tickets.
said "I adore Chicago. It is the pulse of
performed over 150 parts during the course of her career. She starred in
Queen Elizabeth, the first full length silent film. Receipts from this film's distribution in the
United States enabled Adolph Zukor to co-found what is today known as the Paramount Pictures Corporation.
The world's first superstar, Bernhardt initiated celebrity product endorsements and hobnobbed with royalty on a regular basis.
Berhardt died on
March 26, 1923.
About Carol Dunitz
the afternoon Carol Dunitz accompanied her mother to a matinee of
"Gypsy" starring Ethel Merman, she has been captivated by the musical
theatre. Dunitz started composing music as a youngster. She has written
several books including the critically acclaimed, "Louder Than
Thunder," numerous speeches and scripts, and extensive marketing
materials over the years. She speaks professionally in costume, sings
original songs, and uses different accents as needed.
To learn more about Carol Dunitz, visit
www.DrCarolDunitz.com.
About Maxim's
The Nancy Goldberg International Center is a meeting and reception
facility operated by the Chicago Department of Cultural Affairs. It was
originally built as a restaurant, and duplicated the art nouveau scroll
work, plush red banquettes and rich mahogany tones of the famous
Maxim's restaurant in
The department presents three unique entertainment series in Maxim's
intimate and elegant dining room. For more information, visit,
www.maximschicago.org.
Chicago Department of Cultural Affairs is dedicated to promoting an
ongoing celebration of the arts and supporting the people who create an
sustain them. Offering more than 2,000 free cultural programs each year
including exhibitions and performances at venues like Millennium Park
and the Chicago Cultural center, DCA supports the work of artists and
cultural institutions in neverfy community and affirms the value of the
arts to the social and economic vibrancy of the city.
Filed under: Chicago Department of Cultural Affairs
Tags: latest press releases
* The Theater Loop *
Chris Jones' blog News. Criticism. Commentary. The shows not to be missed – and the shows to avoid at all costs. | {
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} |
• How to personalize your cover letter ... and get the hiring manager's attention • Are Employers Reading My Résumé?
• Do I really need a cover letter? New thoughts on an old standard • Does Your Résumé Answer These Key Questions?
• A Résumé Checklist: 13 Things to Do Before You Apply for the Job • Is a Video Résumé for You?
• Résumés for Career Changers: Solving the Keyword Conundrum • Your Résumé: Marketing or Misleading?
• 10 Things to Leave Off Your Résumé • Yes, You Really Need a Cover Letter! | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Published June 8, 2018 3:32pm EDT
After Starbucks arrests, Philly police overhaul business trespass policy
By Thomas Barrabi FOXBusiness
The Philadelphia Police Department on Friday announced new rules for how its officers should handle disputes between local business owners and people accused of trespassing, weeks after two men were arrested while waiting for an acquaintance at Starbucks.
Under the new policy, officers are being told to attempt to mediate confrontations between businesses or private property owners and individuals accused of trespassing. Officers must instruct the alleged trespasser that they are not allowed to remain on the property and must witness the person refusing to leave before they can be arrested.
"While business owners may exclude persons from their establishments, they cannot misuse the authority of police officers in the process," the new policy says. "Such misuse may lead to a technically lawful arrest, but can create the appearance of improprieties on behalf of the officers and the Department."
The two men, Rashon Nelson and Donte Robinson, were arrested on April 12 after a Starbucks store manager called police, alleging that they had not purchased an item and were trespassing. At the time, critics said that the men were arrested too quickly, and without cause.
City officials, including Philadelphia Police Commissioner Richard Ross, later apologized for how the incident was handled.
Starbucks publicly apologized for the incident and reached an undisclosed financial settlement with the two men. The coffeehouse chain also required employees at all of its more than 8,000 U.S. store locations to undergo unconscious bias training and overhauled its policies to allow customers to stay in stores without buying an item, so long as they aren't disruptive, sleeping or using illegal substances. | {
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} |
IMMUNE REPERTOIRE In 2014, the GSA journals launched a contest inviting image submissions related to genetics and genomics. The winning entry was created by Jian Han, of the HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology. It depicts an im2print tree map, with each rectangle representing a unique gene combination of B or T cell receptors, and the ability to defend against a particular antigen. The larger the rectangle, the more expressed the gene combination. Im2prints provide not only a quick graphical representation of the overall diversity of an individual's immune repertoire, but are also personalized artwork. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
package test.misc;
import java.io.File;
import krati.io.ChannelWriter;
import krati.io.DataReader;
import krati.io.DataWriter;
import krati.io.MappedReader;
public class TestMappedReaderChannelWriter extends AbstractTestDataRW {
public TestMappedReaderChannelWriter() {
super(TestMappedReaderChannelWriter.class.getSimpleName());
}
@Override
protected DataReader createDataReader(File file) {
return new MappedReader(file);
}
@Override
protected DataWriter createDataWriter(File file) {
return new ChannelWriter(file);
}
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
Single Spout Blackware Vessel in the Form of a Crayfish
Arts of the Americas
A.D. 1000/1400
Chimú
North coast, Peru
The Museum as Classroom
Emerging Voices: Listening to Our Interns
Made 1000–1400
Ceramic and pigment
H. 16 cm (6 15/16 in.)
Gift of Nathan Cummings
https://api.artic.edu/api/v1/artworks/9269/manifest.json
B.J. (Bruno John) Wassermann-San Blas, Ceramics del Antiguo Peru de la Collection Wassermann-San Blas [with introduction by Heinz Lehmann] (Wassermann-San Blas, Buenos Aires, 1938), p. 127, cat. 227 (ill.).
B. J. Wassermann (Bruno John), Buenos Aires, by 1938 [possibly acquired by descent from unnamed grandmother, Argentina, according to personal statement in Ceramics del Antiguo Peru de la Collection Wassermann-San Blas, 1938]; sold to Nathan Cummings (1896–1985), Chicago, 1954; given to the Art Institute, 1958.
Catalogues Raisonnés
Unknown 227/543
Blackware (black basaltes)
1000 CE–1200
Jar with Relief of Standing Figure with Crescent Headdress, Holding Ritual Objects, A.D. 1200/1450
Pitcher in the Form of an Open Mouthed Animal with Geometric Incising on Back, A.D. 1000/1400
Double-Chambered Strap Vessel with Sculpted Bird Head, A.D. 1200/1450
Single Spout Blackware Vessel in the Form of a Duck, A.D. 1000/1400
Blackware Vessel in the Form of a Llama, A.D. 1200/1450
Blackware Narrow Neck Jar with Shoulder Impressed with Birds, A.D. 1000/1400
Blackware Jar with Single Spout, A.D. 1200/1450
Blackware Plate, A.D. 1000/1400
Blackware Incense Burner with Relief Depicting Felines, A.D. 1200/1450
Double-Chambered Vessel with Serrated Stirrup Spout in Form of Human Head, A.D. 1200/1450
Brownware Jar with Monkey in Relief on Flared Neck, A.D. 1000/1400
Blackware Jar in the Form of a Figure with Bound Arms and Legs, A.D. 1200/1450
Blackware Jar in the Form of an Animal, Possibly a Llama, A.D. 1200/1450 | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
BULLRUSHES. Poems by Derek Barlow. Embellished with Wood Engravings and Anna Ravenscroft.
Oldham: Incline Press, 1995. 33, pages. Illustrated with original wood-engravings. Bound in two-tone cloth with a wraparound paper label. 228 x 135 mm. Printed in Garamond type on Lana Royal Crown paper in an edition of 175 copies. This is copy 17 and has been made for Martyn Thomas. It is signed by the illustrator. Fine/as new. Usually found in paper wrappers.
© 2018 David Miles Books | Powered by viaLibri. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
With over 90 combined years of award-winning service and sales, Balance Group has earned the respectand loyalty of clients and colleagues. We provide a fact-based, tell-it-like-it-is service that is grounded in a true concern for your well-being. Our past clients will tell you that we function almost as one, with complementary talents that provide a broad repertoire of skills. Outside of work we share the same values with our commitment to our families and the community.
Our commitment to continually upgrade our skills and education, along with our obsessive attention to detail in preparing marketing plans and contracts, is reflected in a long history of success – clients return to us time and time again whenever they require real estate services. As natives and longtime residents of Vancouver, Balance Group sincerely believes Vancouver is the best place on Earth to live, raise a family, and invest in real estate. We have an in-depth knowledge of amenities and attractions, local market values and pricing trends, a strong sense of loyalty to our clients, and a passionate enthusiasm for the area's culture, unbeatable lifestyle, and stunning scenery.
Buying your next home or investment property is a big decision! Whether you're looking to sell or purchase a Shaughnessy Estate, a home in MacKenzie Heights, a condo in Kitsilano, a residential investment property, or anything in between, you're in good hands with Allyson, Deborah, Cécile and Brenda. We know the real estate business in Vancouver inside and out, and we genuinely want to get to know you too. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Mike Browne, Deputy Director
[email protected]
#WalkerAt20: Promises Made, Promises Broken
Remembering 20 Years of Walker Failure
MADISON, Wis. — In his twenty years in office, Scott Walker has amassed a truly astounding record of failure. To commemorate the looming anniversary of his first election to office, One Wisconsin Now is highlighting a different and depressing failure of Gov. Walker every day, for twenty days. As the legislature prepares to begin debate on Gov. Walker's 2013-15 biennial budget, a review of some of the promises made by candidate Walker, and broken by Gov. Walker, is timely.
One Wisconsin Now Executive Director Scot Ross commented, "Career politician Scott Walker has been willing to say just about anything to get elected to his next public office. Of course, once he got there, the campaign promises were out the window and in their place are budget busting tax breaks for the wealthy and corporations and special interest favors that have no place being tucked into the state budget."
Candidate Walker explicitly promised to:
"Strip policy and pork from the budget";
"End the practice of raiding segregated funds to pay for other programs"'
"Require the use of generally accepted accounting principles to balance every state budget".
[http://web.archive.org/web/20101118093945/http://www.scottwalker.org/issues/government-reform]
Gov. Walker's failures to keep candidate Walker's promises of responsible budgeting include:
Breaking his "no policy in the budget" pledge within weeks of taking office, including stripping 175,000 workers of their rights and numerous other provisions as part of budget adjustment legislation. He's followed that up by larding biennial budgets in 2011 and 2013 with 46 and 58 items respectively, identified by the Legislative Fiscal Bureau as "non-fiscal policy." [Legislative Fiscal Bureau "Non-Fiscal Policy Items" memos 2/14/11; 4/20/11; 4/24/13]
Shattering his promise to eliminate funds raids, with over $415 million in raided funds in the 2011 budget he signed, and nearly $290 million in raided funds either proposed or proposed to be continued from the 2011 budget in his 2013 budget scheme. [Legislative Fiscal Bureau, "Use of Certain Funds" memos 7/5/11; 3/28/13]
Not only failing to include a requirement that either of the two biennial budgets he has produced be balanced using GAAP accounting, but introducing a 2013 budget scheme with a structural deficit of over $680 million by non-GAAP accounting standards. [Legislative Fiscal Bureau Summary of Governor's Budget Recommendations 2011 & 2013; 2013-15 and 2015-17 General Fund Budget memo 6/11/13]
One Wisconsin Now is commemorating over 20 days, the failings, scandals and imbroglios of Gov. Scott Walker's 20-years in elected office. Gov. Walker, who was first elected to the State Assembly on June 29, 1993, has spent virtually no time in the private sector and has enjoyed nearly half his life on the taxpayers' dime, including receiving well over $1 million in salary alone, as well as health care benefits for he and his family.
Previous information compiled by One Wisconsin Now about Scott Walker's failure as Milwaukee County Executive is available at www.ScottWalkerFailureFiles.com, his first disastrous year as Governor is available at www.WalkerFailure.com and the millionaires and billionaires behind it all at http://pinterest.com/onewisconsinnow/who-s-buying-gov-scott-walker | {
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Sofa Bed Chairs Uk Best Selling » Today sofas come in actually hundreds of styles with countless choices of upholstery. You could order your couch mail order through companies like Pottery Barn and Dog crate and Barrel. A lot of people will tell you that after style the most important thing they look for in a couch is comfort. Deciding on the best style of sofa to enhance your home is key. There are various styles of couch to choose from, but most manufacturers break them into two unique styles, traditional and fashionable. Sofa Bed Chairs Uk is For example, more traditional styles of couch would include barrel back, English arm, tufted back again, tight back and tuxedo.
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Sofa Bed Chairs Uk Best Selling » However, depending on cloth choices a Tuxedo sofa could be used in a contemporary home. Modern day styles include sock arm, channel again and sectional. Some sofas include pillows mounted on the couch, some come with loose cushions that you can free style in any manner you choose. Sofa Bed Chairs Uk Another thing that gives your sofa an absolute style is fabric choice. Once you visit most furniture stores you should have the ability to first choose the style sofa you want and then choose the selection of fabric. Some manufacturers have 30 or even more different textiles you can choose from if you are designing a couch, with the only real limit being how much money you want to spend. The choice of fabric can truly add thousands to the final cost of a sofa. Bold shiny colors and geometric designs would be utilized on contemporary sofas and softer muted colors and designs would be used on traditional sofas.
The best sofa beds Is it possible to a fy sofa and a good from Sofa Bed Chairs Uk, Take it with you when shopping for drapes or any other redecorating resources received from: dailymail.co.uk.
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Sofa Bed Chairs Uk Best Selling » Leather sofas are very popular. Sofa Bed Chairs Uk with regular care leather is a very durable upholstery choice over a sofa. You'll want to keep a leather clean and moisturized.
Another couch option you should consider is whether you want a sofa bed, also known as a sleeper sofa, or a reclining couch or a convertible couch. Obviously a sleeper couch or convertible sofa can come in very handy as an extra bedroom for a person who may stay in an apartment or have an inferior home who still wishes to be able to accommodate guests over night.
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DOUBLE CHAIR SOFA BED KIDS FREE UK DELIVERY COTTON COVERS from Sofa Bed Chairs Uk, Bring it along with you when looking for window curtains or some other beautifying materials impression received from: ebay.co.uk.
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Sofa Bed Chairs Uk Best Selling As with any major purchase, check around. Look around online at different couch selections to enable you to get a concept of what you would like before you visit store after store after store. If you see a sofa doing an online search you should be able to find a store that offers that particular brand.
Sofa Bed Chairs Uk Best Selling » Another great couch option you may want to consider is a reclining sofa. It truly is the best of both worlds. Sofas that are reclining sofas generally have two chairs that recline, for maximum comfort. You may get a reclining couch generally in most styles, modern-day and traditional. | {
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China manufacturing industries are full of strong and consistent exporters. We are here to bring together China factories that supply manufacturing systems and machinery that are used by processing industries including but not limited to vibrating screen, vibrating machine, vibrating sieve.
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There are 5 broken glass vibrating screen suppliers, mainly located in Asia. The top supplying country is China (Mainland), which supply 100% of broken glass vibrating screen respectively. Broken glass vibrating screen products are most popular in Domestic Market, North America, and Africa.
China vibrating screen machine. China Vibrating Screen Machine, China Vibrating Screen Machine Suppliers and Manufacturers Directory Source a Large Selection of Vibrating Screen Machine Products at screen printing machine ,silk screen printing . Circular vibrating screen separator,mobile vibrating screen price,rotary vibrating screen machine. | {
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Mara Liasson is the national political correspondent for NPR. Her reports can be heard regularly on NPR's award-winning news programs All Things Considered and Morning Edition. Liasson provides extensive coverage of politics and policy from Washington, D.C. -- focusing on the White House and Congress -- and also reports on political trends beyond the Beltway.
Each election year, Liasson provides key coverage of the candidates and issues in both presidential and congressional races. During her tenure she has covered five presidential elections -- in 1992, 1996, 2000, 2008 and 2012. Prior to her current assignment, Liasson was NPR's White House correspondent for all eight years of the Clinton administration. She has won the White House Correspondents Association's Merriman Smith Award for daily news coverage in 1994, 1995, and again in 1997. From 1989-1992 Liasson was NPR's congressional correspondent. Additionally, Liasson has served as a major contributor and panelist on FOX News since 1998. She regularly appears on programs such as Special Report with Bret Baier, FOX News Sunday and Media Buzz. | {
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Can we talk about McCardell not being qualified to coach?
I'd like a DeAndre Hopkins.
I'd take Anthony Hopkins at this point.
What a joke. 16 yard run on 3rd and long.
Imagine how good we would be if he started and we had decent coaching?
Makes too much sense. Obviously we would never do that. | {
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Q: Smart CSS compressor that moves @imports to top I've written a little script that gathers up all my CSS files and compresses them:
var cssSources = [];
bundle.input.stylesheets.forEach(function(filename) {
if(isLocalPath(filename)) {
var fileContents = FileSystem.readFileSync(filename, {encoding: 'utf8'});
if(/\.css$/.test(filename)) {
cssSources.push(fileContents);
} else if(/\.less$/.test(filename)) {
var parser = new Less.Parser({
paths: [staticDir],
filename: filename
});
parser.parse(fileContents, function(e, tree) {
cssSources.push(tree.toCSS());
});
}
}
});
var cssCode = UglifyCSS.processString(cssSources.join(''));
Which was working well until I tried @importing a font in a CSS file that was not included first. This means that the @import wound up somewhere in the middle of my compressed CSS, which of course doesn't work.
I'm currently using UglifyCSS as you may have noticed; is there a better alternative that will move all the @imports to the top? Preferably available as an npm package.
Update: clean-css has the same problem.
| {
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Few companies can lay claim to the holy grail market position for any length of time, retaining a sustainable position within a market. Here are some that come immediately to mind: Ferrari, Rolls Royce, Hoover, Apple's Phone, Boeing, Walkman, Sky, Microsoft Windows, are all good examples of global companies who have achieved that today. Sustainable competitive advantage is the ability to create and sustain a position within a market. Sustaining a desirable market position provides long-term competitive posiitoning for that brand.
The competitive advantage most companies strategically aim for is to own the space of early adopter within an adoption curve. That position is where a brand is seen as a premium player, producing innovative new products and services and able to command and earn premium prices for those products. That premium position, finding, and holding the early adopter position in any market, is seen as the optimum competitive advantage position within any market.
By finding that competitive position, and often helping creating the market structure, a brand takes ownership of that the competitive position and often drives the development and evolution of the market. A company can choose to operate anywhere within a market and make it competitive if they build their business model to a defined market position.
Making a competitive position sustainable requires a brand to develop its ability to sustain its position over the long term. That sounds easy in theory, but in reality is hard. Short-term attitudes in growth and profit can easily distract a leadership teams focus. Failing to invest in sustaining their brand's market position, or stakeholder demands short-term profit taking, are two of the most common pulls that destabilise a brands' established market position.
The challenge for any leadership team with their business is to be able to see the market position they want within that market position. Sustainable competitive advantage, the holy grail of a successful business is not easy to find, straight forward to own or simple to sustain, and that's why it is every leaders' holy grail.
In mature (and often saturated) markets developing a unique strategic position can give a business sustainable competitive advantage. A sustainable competitive advantage in any market is the holy grail for business owners. To be somewhere that your competitors aren't, and to have something that cannot be taken away, is what every business leader wants to achieve in setting up in business, and dreams of achieving. It is one clear defining way of out competing the competition is to develop a sustainable competitive advantage in a market.
To be recognised as the market maker, such as Hoover, whose name is synonymous with vacuum cleaners, gave the Hoover brand unbelievable control of the market for most of the 20th century. Hoover, the brand leader owned the global market, with an unparalleled history, and complete market dominance. The brand name itself became synonymous with the product category, everyone hoovered with a Hoover.
So what changed? A loss of focus and desire to continue to own the market coupled with the airplane ticket fiasco which opened the door to new competitors. One man in particular James Dyson who grabbed the opportunity to replace Hoovers' once held position in the market launching his own Dyson brand through technology shift of his cyclone bag less vacuum.
His passion, created from vacuuming at home and becoming frustrated, seeing the cyclone idea at a sawmill which then took 15 years, 5,127 prototypes to turn into a winning product. Today this winning product benefits upon 60% recommendation purchases and has allowed Dyson to spin his cyclone technology into hair and air dryers as well as washing machines.
Charge a premium for its services; even low cost suppliers out price other low cost suppliers.
Lead the market through innovation; will get to market new ideas quicker or in a more dominant way to shift the market to your agenda.
Controls the key channels to market; from buying decision processes to pricing structures.
Owns the pace of change within the market; from technology development and consumer mind set, being the pace setter in the market.
Control of buyer activity; the significant majority of the Share Of Buy (SOB) and Share Of Space (SOS) decsions through its dominance.
Sustainable competitive advantage is an extremely difficult goal. Most successful brands only ever achieve the challenger market position, one that challenges existing perceptions within a market. Developing a sustainable competitive advantage requires an organisation to constantly challenge not only the competition but also itself, to sustain its desirable position within its market.
Creating dominant sustainability requires the leadership to create a clear vision of where the company is going and where the market opportunity exists. It takes leadership with passion, dedication and drive for a brand to succeed in moving from a challenger brand to one which can dominate its market such as Dyson. For men like James Dyson, the advantage was that he was in the right place at the right time, with the right product. That has enabled a technological shift in the market with his bag less vacuum and a move to smaller cable-less products dominate the innovator position within the market.
If you want to develop your company's position then there needs to be a vision for it. Where it is going and why. If your look for some advice on developing your company, its marketing, its sustainable competitive advantage then contact us at Cowden Consulting to see how we can assist you, or read more about us in this blog or at Cowden Consulting.
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In today's information driven world, how you do business matters as much as the business you do, as Ikea the iconic Swedish furniture retailer has just found out. Ikea's green credentials have been dealt a massive blow in consumer's minds. Ikea's failure to support sustainability in its products leaves customers questioning its real values as a business.
Ikea's failure to achieve its own most modest target of 30% of its wood products to be from certified sustainable wood, will damage it its credibility heavily with its key audiences. The fact that it only hit 16%, has a massive blow on the values it professes as promoting sustainably sourced materials and to its environmental positioning. Compare that with Homebase (78%) and B&Q (77%), which won the best green award 2010.
The excuse given in its defensive press statement is that it has sacrificed the values of sustainability for rapid growth and protecting its profitability (£2.3billion). But short term greed like this can cost dearly on both growth and profitability over the long term.
This corporate failure was made worse by staff telling customers in store that its products are from sustainable sources. When in fact they are from illegal logging in places such as Russia. This insatiable drive for growth, which so often undermines trusted names, may damage the Swedish brand's position as the leader in the flat pack market significantly. This expose means that Ikea will now undergo microscopic environmental and customer scrutiny.
Ikea's soft "long term" aspirational statements on their website with links to the Rainforest Alliance are unlikely to be seen as enough in the modern world where green wash marketing such as this are quickly exposed and penalised. When the spotlight of the green world is turned on, it is difficult to hide in the shade.
The World Bank suddenly in the late 1980's promoted its 'green credentials' by promoting itself as having employed 'an environmentalist', to offset its image of chopping down forests for cash crops. This green wash story was quickly exposed when it was pointed out the World Bank employed some 5,000 economists, what difference would/could one environmentalist make?
The way you provide your product or service and to whom, says more about you than how much business you do. Being big in a highly segmented world is no longer the determinator of success. How you do your business now determines your current credibility and future success. Credibility is as much about your values in becoming successful as about the success you have. Mohamed Al-Fayed for example, despite buying Harrods, never shook off questions about his background.
Your values as an organisation as demonstrated by everyone inside your organisation matter to both existing and potential customers in choosing to do business with you. People have choices and they can now exercise them more freely than ever before, and that means customers can access information instantly to make choices that are more informed. Ikea's staff misinforming undercover Times reporters about their sustainable and certified sourced products at a number of shops are one symptom of Ikea's rapid growth boardroom culture.
Almost everything in life is in real time and instantly communicated to circles of influence and beyond. A restaurant having bad night can have a poor reputation before the starter has even been cleared away as customers post live feed back to sites such as Qype or Trip Advisor . Therefore, before the waiter, maitre d' or chef knows what's happening the world outside already does by Twitter and Facebook and are cancelling their reservations in their droves.
The old adage that if you want to know how clean the restaurant kitchen is, inspect the lavatories. This is because they tell you how the restaurant values cleanliness, is a great example of modern customer awareness. Do you live your values or just post them on your website? Is the question customers want to know in establishing and experiencing trust with you and your brand.
You can spend as much as you like on your website, Google reviews and trip Advisor comments, but simple first impressions such as the state of lavatories matter more to customers.
The recent story of the man on the train talking too loudly causing enraged customers to Tweet complaints about his behaviour which was picked up by a duty manager hundreds of miles away who then contacted staff on the train to track down the loud caller and asked him to quieten down.
This story is very much testimony to the growing demands of customer expectations, immediate online response, not waiting for passing train staff to react. This story is part of the reputation shift that train companies are actively pursuing.
Values matter, they define the real differences between companies. How British Airways treats its customers through the values it embeds in its entire organisation is what makes it different to other premium airlines and distinguishes it from them, and from the bucket providers such as Ryanair.
However, as everyone de-layers in response to changing business models, cost and modernisation requirements, values can be lost in the rush to modernise and compete in new ways. BA's changes to its premium dinner menu, introducing exotic main courses such as crocodile and ostrich sounded good but simultaneously cutting the After Eights, so there was not to go around 1st class passengers was a classic example of getting its values wrong in its customer's eyes.
If you value your customers then remember everyone needs to smile in their role, if you believe in providing excellent customer service then don't cut your front of house staff numbers.
Too many companies' ideas of communicating values are to place a statement on a website, brochure, at reception and on the induction training programme. How many companies look at the strategic advantage of values and embed it into people's roles, asking staff to define their role by those values by redefining their role to live those values? How many companies review those values as outcomes in winning and retaining customers?
Customers, potential and existing, are drowning in choice. What makes you stand out to them is the values you own and can demonstrate as a business. Statements on walls and websites always sound good, (possibly, because they are written by marketing people who do not work there) but unless the company lives them, then they do more damage than good. Over promising and under delivering is a growing experience for everyone today.
Whether it is a London hotel, stating it's exclusiveness, as evidenced by its 5 star, pretty pictures on the website of its presidential suite and over the top statements such as "sumptuous 5 star accommodation" the jaw dropping price tag. When you turn up and find a broom cupboard with not enough space to turn around in let alone swing a cat, and you are one of 500+ rooms filled with bus loads of tourist on a package holiday then company values are under pressure.
The same is equally true for staff. Why should people stay loyal to you if you don't live those values and enshrine them in every one of your people. Do they live it or lip service it?
New companies have the unbridled opportunity to define their values from the start. By building them into their business model throughout the entire process from the beginning, providing value and clarity with every new role and new person, they can use their values to maximum leverage for attracting their chosen customers and staff.
So Googles' "DO NO HARM" value won many plaudits, breaking down the concern about the is was then rightly questioned by their policy in China of being seen to be supporting censorship (try typing Tienanmen Square Massacre into Google in China it never happened!). Now there is a good argument that rightly says any Google is better than no Google, but the contradiction against their stated values upset many Google Supporters elsewhere in the world.
Established companies inherit values, often without realising they have them in place, "its how we do it around here" type phrases are often values hidden inside everyday activity. Keeping values alive is often hard in rapidly changing under-pressure environments. Changes in leadership, particularly when cross industry leadership is introduced or when new pressures are introduced from changing ownership for example often end up throwing out the hidden value of a brand in the race to achieve short-term results.
Everyone entering a company, particularly top executives, must understand the core heritage values any organisation has, how they are owned and expressed. The best way to achieve that is for new people to present those values back under peer group review and add to them with the changes they intend to introduce. New products/services need to incorporate core values and learn to demonstrate them in new ways as new channels of communication are opened up.
Are your values visual to your team and customers?
Does everyone know your core values, have you checked?
Can all your people translate them into their daily role?
Do people see the company values in other people's roles within the organisation?
Do customers comment on those values in their dealings with your company in formal and informal feedback channels?
If you can only answer confidently to only points one and two then you are not living your values as a business. If you cannot hand on heart even answer those two them its probably time to look at your values in a lot more detail. Spend time to think through what you and your business stands for and get in touch if you need any assistance in creating values which matter to you.
Traditionally customers used to buy what companies made, went where they sold it and bought what they promoted. That was the age of big marketing and sales budgets, when big adverts worked. Driving demand through pushing products down channels, offering promotion and celebrity endorsement to generate business.
The age of the Unique Selling Proposition (USP) we are special because….. so you will buy'! It was the 1980's so the world did as it was told: "we make what you want because we tell you want you want because we know about your needs". This relied upon trust in a brand by the public, which in a pre-internet world gave complete control to the brands.
People buy if they trust the brand they are buying from. In the 1980's people trusted brands because no-one questioned them. A lack of information coupled with a belief in household names meant that people's buying decisions were based upon a limited width of information upon which decisions were made.
Today the world has changed. The sources of information has increased dramatically. The transparency required by companies is now at a level that every aspect of what and how a company operates is under total scrutiny. Every aspect of ever action is recorded, analysed and evaluated. Business leaders today live in a totally transparent world, and the measures of trust are now very different.
Trust, the intangible combination of character and competence which all successful brands must develop and sustain is mad cup of a whole series of complex elements. The importance of ethics in today's business are essential characteristics which purchasers expect their brand to portray in all their activities. That makes it a key priority for leaders' to focus on within their role.
Then ethics came into play, as the age of information came into play in the early years of the new millennium. As the internet began its infancy, the power of globalisation was laid bare by the internet. People asked more about how companies did things? Where were products sourced and how became important. Why were the premium footballs, such as those which David Beckham kicked, being made by blind children in India for a few rupees. Why were the clothes models wore being made in sweat shops where workers earned less than for a dollar a day?
The internet changed how the media could communicate, explaining how household names operated and could afford those huge marketing budgets. This forced companies to change their practises (and their internal policies) by educating and fighting back against the likes of Naomi Wolfs' No Logo expose for example. The brands who recognised that they could no longer hide their activities became more open and honest and developed trust, while those which did not, suffered public shaming and demise.
How business operated mattered, and so in response companies upped their awareness of their social impact and visibility through corporate social responsibility. How people did things mattered not just when the likes of Bhopal and Exxon Valdez disasters struck, but in everyday life.
Fair-trade has become a household name in consumer goods, with high street stores vying for credibility of having an ethical policy, supporting local goods and having transparent policies of how they operate. This gives more confidence but leaves companies open to further scrutiny and often to unsatisfactory answers to vital key questions, not at least within developing countries, who are now the fastest growing emerging markets for many brands.
Ethically; should I buy from you?
The biggest question which consumers and business now asks people is why businesses are doing these things. Everyone has become so empowered with information sources that people want to buy the WHY, not the what. Buyers want to understand the ethics of the company and importantly the people behind the decisions it takes. Customers want to know that these decisions accurately reflect the real cultural and values that company has, not just the marketing hype, which the brand portrays. Today this is the real power of the internet.
What's the real purpose of the company, who and what is driving it and what does it really believe in and stand for. No longer is a small donation to a local charity enough to say it supports the community, customers want to know how much, who gets involved, is it company wide and deep or just a year-end tax saving. In today's world the importance of ethics in today's business cannot be understated for leaders to focus upon in their role.
In fact the world has changed completely, confidence comes not from what you say but why you are saying it. The educated and informed world means that it's not just politicians who have seen their reputation tarnished but any business in any sector who does not explain it why factor.
It's not just whistle blowers who expose mal-practice in today's world, everyone is communicating through so many channels, from traditional word of mouth, through social media and beyond into a connected world, where reputations must be transparent. As everyone's voice matters, being ethically transparent, open and honest is now essential if a brand is to be trusted.
Winning customers is no longer all leaders have to focus on. Finding talented staff, channels partners and customers is now a multifaceted challenge for leaders to deal with. Ethical short-cuts damage brands reputation and those damaging allegations now stick, and become magnified to stakeholders as statements are now online, like a bad trip advisor review, it never goes. A tarnished reputation is exactly that.
No matter what sector you are in, understanding the still emerging power of the internet in sustaining your reputation is essential and never more so than in explaining why you are in business and why you matter. The importance of ethics in today's business has never been so important to establish and maintain.
Cowden Consulting services: business planning, strategic planning, business development, strategic marketing, Return on Investment, director development, director mentoring.
Cowden Consulting works with business leaders throughout the UK to improve their business.
Business planning often gets a bad press. Yet those who do sit down and plan their business are so much more focused, confident, and successful than those who float along with the economic tide. Successful leaders plan their business, so they can focus on leading their team to deliver that plan.
Over the past ten years as a strategic planner we've worked with hundreds of business owners and seen how those that create a plan and implement it. Those that plan their business do so much better than those owners who try aimlessly lead their business on a wing, a prayer or a dream. Successful leader's plan their business, so that everyone knows where they are going what their role is in achieving that success.
According the latest BERR report, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SME's) together accounted for 99.9 per cent of all enterprises, 59.8 per cent of private sector employment and 49.0 per cent of private sector turnover. SME's really do matter to the British economy, and yet they receive little effective support from Government agencies despite being the backbone of the economy, employment, and innovation.
Having questioned business owners over the last decade the reasons why owners have not put a plan in place and then executed it, the excuses range from not having the skills, make the time, or have the conviction of their thoughts. Owners know they should have a plan 'we had one when we first started, but have not looked at it since' is a common theme. The other is being too busy fire fighting to realise that preventing fires starting, is the best way to not have to fight them.
Do business owners not see the value in developing a plan for their business? On the other hand, is the classic perception for business owners that frenetically staying alive is seen as being successful? For many not knowing how to plan is one major reason why people haven't and don't plan their business. Where to start, and how to know what they are trying to achieve immediately puts people of planning.
Business planning is also often at fault here. The most common reason new start up businesses create a business plan is to secure funding from banks, that's when banks did fund business start-ups (now they just offer a high interest mortgage backed by the Government). Therefore, once people have received funding they no longer see the main advantages of planning (and the real advantages are not around money).
Business planning is not an accident it is intentional.
Planning takes time, resources, (grey stuff) not the executive trip to some exotic away weekend planning, but some time allocated to review where you are as a business, how your sector and industry are performing and what you want to achieve in the future. Whether it is looking at the next year or planning the next five years, everyone who owns or directs a business is responsible for setting its direction. However, just having a plan in your head, with the classic defence of 'its flexible at the moment' is either ducking the responsibility or deluding themselves.
The only way to have a plan rather than a dream is to have it written down, turned (if it is not already) into an action plan which is resourced and owned by someone to deliver. Only then do businesses go forward in a deliberate purposeful way. Only then do the right things happen because you made them happen and only then can everyone, employees, shareholders, customers, channel partners and even other halves, see your dream, share your dream, deliver your dream. That's when planning works. It is a written document, which lives within your company, and it doesn't matter if you are a one-man (woman) band or running a multi-national Plc.
Planning provides focus in strategic direction. It provides clarity of where the business is and where it is going as well as a vehicle for getting from where you are to where you want to be. Planning time out of the business provides time to reflect on personal and corporate goals, time to share and channel new ideas while reviewing existing activities.
Planning in a structured and open format develops clarity of purpose and a clear understanding of the organisational and individual skills people have and can use to leverage advantage. Bringing in outside views widens the planning horizon, a fresh perspective to drive businesses forward. This is why many successful businesses use non-executive directors or outside specialists to help drive their business forward. That is one reason why so many people volunteer to get support from people like the Dragons from Dragon's Den, they are looking for expertise and advice which gives them confidence to go forward as much as the money.
British business owners need to plan more often to keep being successful. Good planning creates and sees opportunities as owners and directors lift their heads up from the daily grindstone. How often should you plan? Well it all depends on the speed of your market's evolution, but even stable and stagnant businesses should review their business every year, and not just a light dusting (add ten percent and change the year) but strategically review what and how well they are doing.
It is only by looking for fresh opportunities and how to take best advantage of them, by planning your business around those opportunities, that companies successfully compete in today's business environment.
The old adage, compete or get beat, is more relevant today than it has ever been. The rise of the Internet means there are no secrets, competitive advantage lies with those who can see an opportunity and adapt fastest to take advantage of it. Those owners and directors who see and go for opportunities become the stronger ones. That is where good strategic business planning provides it real advantage. That's why successful leaders plan their business to achieve that success.
By orientating a company to where it can retain better, win new and develop existing customers companies that plan their success out compete in their sector, and equally importantly have everyone focused on where they are going. From the smallest to the biggest every business needs to have a plan that is written down, owned and guiding your business in the direction you want it to go.
Being clear and precise is also important in the company's messages for a brand to succeed. A strong undiluted brand message must enthuse internally but must also consistently connect with customers through touch points. For great examples look at Innocent, Dorset Cereals or Apple as classic examples of touch point engagement. They also demonstrate a clear story delivered with passion about who they are what they do and why they matter. This focused and consistent message is not just a marketing message but an ingrained set of values which consumers buy into with passion. These brands not only position themselves as premium players in their fields and earn more but they also continuously find new ways to spread their key messages to customers, they have a clear brand strategy to achieve it.
Another vital aspect of any brand success is that the people within that brand demonstrate what they preach. They live that lifestyle, support the values and aspirations associated with a brand and contribute to its success. It is their lifestyle, it is a part of the way they and their brand do business.
Great brands go beyond the logo to understand its real value to existing customers and also to tomorrow's customers. Whether it is a family run local shop or a global supermarket chain, great brands position themselves so they develop and hold a market position to develop long-term success.
Great brands also develop their own uniqueness, not just the product or service but the whole package is how we do it around here. There needs to be not only consistency but the brand hand writing and value on how they do it. The best brands always develop singular simple signals for customers, cutting through jargon to create clarity without patronisation.
For brands to succeed in today's global markets these golden rules have never been more important as consumers have never had so much information, but if you follow these simple rules of brand success you can develop and maintain a great business.
If you want to develop your company's brand and are looking for some advice on developing your company, its marketing, its sustainable competitive advantage then contact us at Cowden Consulting to see how we can assist you, or read more about us in this blog or at Cowden Consulting.
Business growth is not an accident. Why some businesses succeed and others do not is not by chance. Busienss growth requires leadership to plan out where they are going within there market. All markets change through both evolution and revolution (think of those disruptive players in any market and the impact they have.) This slideshow explains why it is important for leadership to use business planning tools to effectively plan their growth.
In every market there is always new opportunities always arising. Markets do not go up (or down) equally. Some segments and individual customers grow faster than others due to their strategic or tactical successes. Knowing where external and or internal market factors are influencing or driving segments within any market is the vital strategic insight which leadership teams need to understand. Even markets declining do not do so at equal rates. Change happens in every market so knowing where to look for positive changes within any market is a key skill for leaders to learn.
Being successful in business is all about seeing the bigger picture and understanding future growth. For a business to grow and develop, the leadership team must invest time building it. That requires the leadership to step back from the day-to-day operations of the business and focus on working on the business. Like to learn more, click the slide presentation below to learn successful leaders work on their business to find growth.
Where does tomorrow's growth come from by Richard Gourlay Leadership must think strategically if it is to be successful in growing its business. | {
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While today it's a paradise for travelers, its history has been a rocky one. During Mozambique's turbulent past its reserves and national parks went completely neglected and in most cases were only visited by armed guerrilla fighters looking for food. The bush grew back lush and thick, the animals, hunted with automatic weapons, became elusive and shy and the camps and resorts fell into ruin. In the case of Gorongosa National Park in particular, Renamo rebels made the park their base of operations from where they launched attacks.
Peace has come to Mozambique and with it the chance for the numerous parks and reserves to return to their former glory. In the far north the enormous Niassa Wildlife Reserve, larger even than the Kruger National Park is slowly coming into its own as an area of thick African bush filled with a variety of animals. Covering over 40,000 square kms it is one of the largest conservation areas on the continent. The Gorongosa National Park, the Maputo Elephant Reserve and the Quirimbas National Park are some of the other parks that are undergoing the same recovery and development. In the south there is also the extension of the Kruger National Park, where the fence between the South African side and the Mozambique side has been removed as part of the peace parks project.
Gorongosa National Park, Sofala Province, is located in the southernmost part of the Great Rift Valley of East Africa. The Park includes the Urema valley and parts of the surrounding midlands and Gorongosa lies between the cities of Chimoio and Beira – it is also Mozambique's flagship conservation area.
Gorongosa is a short charter flight from Beira and is also easily accessible by road and is situated just off the primary north-south national motorway, close to the Inchope junction. Gorongosa National Park is one of the most exciting travel destinations in Mozambique at the moment with a visionary restoration project in place to get the park back to its former glory.
Gorongosa National Park has an impressive species list with more and more species being reintroduced on a monthly basis. The Park is home to significant populations of oribi, reedbuck, waterbuck, warthog and sable. Warthogs are more common than the impala. Predators are recovering slowly, with a number of lion prides and a few male coalitions within the Park. Elephant herds and bulls are regularly encountered, with the bulls being particularly relaxed providing great viewing. Recently some large elephant bulls have been relocated from the Kruger National Park.
Birding at Gorongosa is incredible with excellent quality and quantities of special and endemic birds such as the Collared Palm Thrush, the Green Coucal, Narina Trogon and Spotted Creeper. Lake Urema provides a home to a huge number of water birds and one can literally sit for hours watching fish eagles swoop down on prey.
With the best of beautiful beaches, warm ocean waters and African bush at your fingertips, Mozambique may be one of Africa's best kept safari secrets for family safaris and romantic getaways alike.
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Q: Opening an app from another app - "This app is not allowed to query for scheme" I am unable to find a clear, precise guide on how to open another custom app from my current custom app.
I keep getting this error:
This app is not allowed to query for scheme myScheme.
A: I managed to get this working by doing the following:
In the below example the master app is the main app where I want to click a button and open another app. The other app in this example is called app2.
Both of the apps must belong to the same scheme to prevent the above "not allowed" error.
In the below example the scheme is called myapps but it can be anything you set it to in the Info tab (explained below).
In app2:
*
*Click on your app Target (click your app name in the the heirarchy on the left then click your app name under TARGETS).
*Click Info tab and scroll down to URL Types.
*Click the arrow to expand URL Types, click the + to add a new entry.
*Enter a unique identifier in the identifier field (I just used the bundle ID for that app... e.g com.mycompany.app2.
*In the URL Schemes field, enter a name for your URL Scheme. In this example we shall call it myapps so we enter myapps into the field. This scheme name will need to be setup in the master app. For each additional app you want to open you need to setup a different scheme name and then also add the scheme name into the master app.
In the master app:
*Repeat steps 1 to 5 - the only change will be step 4 as the unique identifier will be different and step 5 if you are setting up multiple apps.
*Setup a button.
*Connect the button to an action like below:
@IBAction func pressOpenAnotherApp(_ sender: Any) {
openApp(appURL: "myapps://com.companyname.app2"
}
*Setup the openApp function:
func openApp(appURL: String) {
let openApp = URL(string: appURL)!
if UIApplication.shared.canOpenURL(appURL) {
UIApplication.shared.open(appURL, options: [:], completionHandler: { (success) in
print("Open App: \(appURL)")
print("Status: \(success)")
})
}
}
This worked for me, although the information is just through my own trial and error so it may not be 100% accurate but it works!
A: Are you using canOpenURL before attempting to actually open the URL? (You ought to in case the second app isn't installed.) The documentation goes into plenty of detail, about the requirement of including LSApplicationQueriesSchemes in your Info.plist.
A: You have 2 App to test this issue.
*
*App_B (App open from App_A)
*App_A (App start direct open to App_B)
Step : App_B
Choose set schemes Url in App_B (name you want to redirect open for check this App_B is installed)
Ok We set schemes Url complete.
then go to your App_A (your current App)
Step: App_A
1.create your project
2.create func open schemes url
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
// Do any additional setup after loading the view.
openApp_B_installed()
}
func openApp_B_installed(){
//LSApplicationQueriesSchemes in your Info.plist.
let appName = "App_B"
let appScheme = "\(appName)://"
let appUrl = URL(string: appScheme)
if let url = appUrl,
UIApplication.shared.canOpenURL(url) {
print("App installed")
if #available(iOS 10.0, *) {
UIApplication.shared.open(url, options: [:], completionHandler: {
(success) in
if (success)
{
print("OPENED \(url): \(success)")
}
else
{
print("FAILED to open \(url)")
}
})
} else {
// Fallback on earlier versions
UIApplication.shared.openURL(url)
}
}else {
print("App not installed")
}
}
*add LSApplicationQueriesSchemes in info plist.
enter image description here
Congratulation you done.
You try to test by install App_A , App_B and install App_A only you can debug in openApp_B_installed()
I hope it helps clarify and resolve the issue for this topic.
Thank you
| {
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HomeThe History of Bacon, Ingredients and related technologiesCounting Nitrogen Atoms – The History of Determining Total Meat ContentPart 8.1: A Basic Introduction to Lipid Chemistry and the History of the Recognition of the Role of Lipids in Nutrition
By Eben van Tonder
2 Junie 2019
For part 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, click on:
Part 7: Connective Tissues and Gelatin
In 2018, I started on a journey to understand the determination of total meat content and the historical roots of the determination. Tonight I begin the last installment in this short overview. We start with some calculations again. Through experimentation, the following rations were determined.
% N % Protein % Lean Meat
1 6.25 30
2 12.50 60
%N x (6.25 x 4.8) = % Lean Meat. This means that,
%N x 30 = % Lean Meat
How was the 4.8 determined?
We know that Lean Meat (fat-free) contains 20.8% protein.
So, % Protein x 100/20.8 = % Lean Meat which is 4.8
Meat Protein contains 16% Nitrogen. So, %N x 100/16 = % Protein
In other words, %N x 6.25 = % Prot.
I have a major interest in fats. An old man, native to Africa, once told me his grandfather and mother told him that Africans before Europeans arrived, knew that eating too much game meat, which is very lean, will poison you. The solution which his grandfather gave was to slaughter a fat tale sheep, which the indigenous population farmed with, and mix the fat from the tale into the meat from the buck.
This intrigued me. It speaks of a sophistication in meat processing technology never before properly credited to Africa, pre-colonialisation. The second matter of interest is the statement related to the importance of fat in diet. As I searched the topic, I came across a concept called protein poisoning. I was even more interested. The question is then, in determining total meat content and limiting the fat that may be present, is there any dietary benefit we derive from fat? Apart from the energy. From Africa, I learned that having a diet devoid of fat was believed to be detrimental to one's health, but is there a scientific basis for this belief? We start this section reviewing some basic bio chemistry and we then look at the history of the fascinating question.
When we talk about Lean Meat we exclude fat and fat is the final component in determining total meat content to consider. Here we briefly overview biochemistry of lipids as a macromolecule. In the second part, I quote Arthur A. Spector and Hee-Yong Kim's excellent article, Discovery of essential fatty acids. I have only twice before quoted an entire article but the work they have done is so excellent that there is no need for me to try and summarise their work any further. Even if the biochemistry required to fully comprehend their review is substantial, it is written well enough that a cursory reading will open up the world of the health benefits of lipids.
Lets then begin by briefly looking at lipids as one of the macromolecules that form the ingredients of life. Other macromolecules, which form the ingredients of life are carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acid and, of course, lipids.
Section A: A Basic Introduction to Lipids
The Formation of Macro Molecules
Lets first consider how macromolecules are formed. Macromolecules are often polymers (not always). A polymer is the repeat of a monomer and we can write it as (monomer)n or Mn. In the formation of macromolecules, there are two kinds of reactions that are important namely condensation and hydrolysis reactions. Condensation reactions form bonds and hydrolysis reactions break bonds.
Condensation Reactions: A monomer with a hydroxyl group interacts with another monomer with a hydroxyl group and the outcome is a bond between the two monomers with the release of water represented as follows: M – OH + M – OH -> M – O – M + H2O A hydrolysis reaction is exactly the opposite.
A hydrolysis reaction is exactly the opposite. The di-monomer with an ether bond between them adds water and the bond between them is broken. Both of these reactions often require energy to proceed. The particular class of macromolecules important to us is the lipids.
A lipid is a name given to a host of different biomolecules, all of which can be dissolved in nonpolar solvents. Typically this includes hydrocarbons used to dissolve other naturally occurring hydrocarbon lipid molecules that do not (or do not easily) dissolve in water. Scientists sometimes classify lipids and small hydrophobic molecules which include fatty acids, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E, and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and triglycerides. Note that there are some lipids that have hydrophilic parts. Some lipids are therefore all out hydrophobic (non-polar molecules which do not like water); some lipids have hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts called amphipathic molecules. These substances fare well when we use them as emulsifiers. For a more detailed discussion about emulsifiers, have a look at Emulsifiers in Sausages.
About 5% of the dry mass of a cell consists of lipids. They are an important energy store for cells with energy-rich bonds and key to the formation of cell membranes. They are involved in signaling. They are important in insulation in terms of keeping the organism warm and also in insulating nerve cells as the nerve cells transmit their signals.
The condensation reactions during lipid formation often involve the synthesis of triglycerides.
– Triglyceride
Triglycerides are formed from glycerol to which a fatty acid is bound. A fatty acid is a hydroxyl group (hydroxyl group is denoted by –OH), bound to a carbonyl group (a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C=O) attached to long-chain hydrocarbons. Out of the glycerol, attached to a fatty acid comes then a triglyceride. The reaction that forms the triglyceride is a condensation reaction as well as a transesterification reaction with the formation of an ester bond. Transesterification is the process of exchanging the organic group R″ of an ester with the organic group R′ of an alcohol.
Ester functional group.
Let's look a bit closer at esters. "Esters are an important functional group in organic chemistry, and they are generally written RCOOR' or RCO2R'. An ester is characterized by the orientation and bonding of the atoms shown, where R and R' are both carbon-initiated chains of varying length, also known as alkyl groups.
As usual, R and R' are both alkyl groups or groups initiating with carbon. Esters are derivative of carboxylic acids where the hydroxyl (OH) group has been replaced by an alkoxy (O-R) group. They are commonly synthesized from the condensation of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol."(courses.lumenlearning.com)
Lipids are not strictly speaking polymers.
' Glycerol Backbone
A triglyceride composed of oleoyl, stearoyl, and palmitoyl chains attached to a glycerol backbone.
Another representation of triglyceride.
Glycerides are esters formed from glycerol and fatty acids that are, as we pointed out before, are very hydrophobic. The fatty acids are long chains of carbon atoms (from 12 to 20 C atoms) with a COOH group at the bottom and have this typical zigzag structure. In organic chemistry, they are also called carboxylic acids.
Why is fat not very soluble in water? If we look at the structure of fat, can we predict if it will be hydrophobic or are there parts that will be hydrophilic? In the triglyceride I have shown above the three fatty acids are the same, but it is much more common when different fatty acids are present.
There are no obvious charges that will bind to water. Oxygen is a bit more electronegative and we will have a partial positive at the carbon. Then again, carbon is more electronegative than hydrogen. It will therefore not form the kind of hydrogen bonds that one will see if we were dealing with hydroxyl groups as would have been the case if this was an alcohol. The carbon chains are very hydrophobic which is what makes fat not soluble in water. They clump up when you add them to water.
There are a number of important triglyceride chains that are important for the food processor namely saturated fats and unsaturated fats.
– Saturated and Unsaturated Fats
In saturated fats, the triglyceride chains have all single carbon atoms with all of them completely saturated (as in, there are no double bonds). Triglycerides with these kinds of chains all pack tightly. This gives them the property of chemical stability and gives them a high melting point. Saturated fats are often solid. These are bad for humans. A saturated fat is "saturated" with hydrogen atoms. We will see in a minute that unsaturated fats have a double carbon bond somewhere in its structure and wherever a double bond occurs, a hydrogen atom is eliminated which means it is "unsaturated" in terms of hydrogen atoms.
By contrast, unsaturated fats are sometimes good for humans and sometimes not. As we said, unsaturated fats have a double carbon bond. "A fat molecule is monounsaturated if it contains one double bond, and polyunsaturated if it contains more than one double bond." (sciencedaily) Where double bonds are formed, hydrogen atoms are eliminated which makes them unsaturated in terms of hydrogen atoms.
"The greater the degree of unsaturation in a fatty acid (ie, the more double bonds in the fatty acid), the more vulnerable it is to lipid peroxidation (rancidity). Antioxidants can protect unsaturated fat from lipid peroxidation. Foods containing unsaturated fats include avocado, nuts, and soybean, canola, and olive oils. Meat products contain both saturated and unsaturated fats. Unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature." (sciencedaily)
This link with rancidity of great interest to the food scientist. "Rancidity is the oxidation of fats that is caused by hydration (water), oxidation (oxygen), metallic atoms or microbes. Rancidity often produces unusual odor and/or taste." (Marcus, 2013) "Unsaturated fatty acids are a component of the phospholipids, which we discuss next, in cell membranes and help maintain membrane fluidity." (Pelley, 2012)
There are two kinds of unsaturated fats. CIS unsaturated fats where the other bonds that are available to the carbons are on the same side of the molecule. Remember that there is no free rotation around a double bond. This means that the molecule is stuck in its configuration. CIS fats paks poorly because they are kinked and have a low melting point and these fats are good for us.
The other kind is TRANS unsaturated fats where the additional valances of carbon are on opposite sides of the molecule. These fats are similar to saturated fats as they too pack tightly with a high melting point. These are particularly bad for us. Trans fats are seldom found in nature. They are, however, found in confectionery products.
One of the important characteristics of lipids is that they can be modified. This happens when one of the fatty acid chains are replaced with something that is polar. The triglyceride is very non-polar, consisting mainly of hydrogen and carbons. Replacing one of the fatty acid chains with something that is polar, dramatically alter the properties of the molecule. A very good example of this is the formation of a phospholipid.
– Phospholipids
A phospholipid is a great example of an amphipathic molecule (with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts). They are similar to triglycerides in structure. One of the fatty acid groups is replaced with a phosphate which is highly charged. On the one end, the molecule is then polar and on the other end, it is non-polar. This causes them to self-associate where the polar groups face water and the non-polar groups face one another. these will self-associate and spontaneously form a lipid bilayer. A bilayered membrane will thus be formed.
Reference: https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/phospholipids/
One of the fatty acids is replaced with a phosphate group. The chains from the fatty acids (hydrocarbon chains) are hydrophobic. The phosphate end has charge and charged molecules dissolve in water very well. The head is, therefore, hydrophilic with two hydrophobic tails. To qualify as a phospholipid, the phosphate group should be modified by an alcohol. This structure makes them ideal for cell membranes.
Other examples of lipids are waxes and steroids.
– Waxes
Another example of lipids is waxes which also exist as esters.
The reason we call it an ester is because we have an ester functional group where a carbon double bonded to oxygen and single bonded to another oxygen which in turn is bonded to a long hydrocarbon chain. The carbon is also bound to a long hydrocarbon chain. The molecule is obviously very hydrophobic. Such a structure is characteristic of one of the major constituents in Beeswax.
"Most naturally occurring fats and oils are the fatty acid esters of glycerol. Esters are typically fragrant, and those with low enough molecular weights to be volatile are commonly used as perfumes and are found in essential oils and pheromones." (courses.lumenlearning.com)
Another very common example of lipids is steroids.
– Steroid
Steroids share a common ring structure. They are lipids with a common ring structure. Their precursor is cholesterol which is an essential lipid and is essential for the formation of the membrane and is crucial for signaling. The issue with cholesterol is that too much is bad.
The steroid nucleus.
An ester has the characteristic rings. Three are 6 carbon rings and one is 5. If it has an OH group attached to it, it actually is an alcohol and a steroid which is called a sterol.
An example of a familiar sterol is cholesterol. Cholesterol is essential for life. It is a precursor molecule for steroid hormones, for example, testosterone.
Let us briefly return to our discussion on trans fats. Cholesterol is used for membranes and in signalling but is carried through the body by a component called low-density lipoprotein is deposited in the arteries where it clogs up and caused heart attacks. If the cholesterol binds to high-density lipoproteins (a different kind of a transport molecule) then excess cholesterol is secreted by the liver with no adverse effect. Transfats and saturated fats increase the levels of low-density lipoprotein and therefore increases the risk of a heart attack. 80% of cholesterol is produced by our bodies and 20% comes from our food which is why eating a low cholesterol diet does not usually help if you have high cholesterol. One must interfere with its synthesis which is what drugs like statins do.
Another example of lipids is Vitamin D which is important in the prevention of inflammation.
Section B: History of the Recognition of the Role of Lipids in Nutrition
The History of Understanding the Nutritional value of Lipids
George Oswald Burr. Reprinted from Smithsonian Institution Archives (SIA2008-0081) (http://siarchives.si.edu), from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4274059/
As is customary in our blog, we now place some of the concepts we have learned about in the first part of this article in a historical context. A hundred years ago, a key question under consideration was if fat is important in our diet. "In 1929, a young, comparatively unknown assistant professor of plant physiology at the University of Minnesota, George Oswald Burr, reported that the deficiency disease observed in rats fed a fat-free diet was caused by the absence of dietary fatty acids, not by the lack of a lipoid contained in the fat, and he concluded that fat was an essential dietary component. Burr then demonstrated that the addition of a small amount of linoleic acid, the 18-carbon ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid containing two double bonds (18:2ω-6), cured this deficiency disease and, therefore, was an essential fatty acid. These two seminal papers are now regarded as classics in biochemistry, but they initially met with considerable skepticism. To understand why one must appreciate the paradigm-changing nature of the discovery and the stature of the experts whose views concerning dietary fat were being challenged by Burr's findings." (Spector, 2015)
Views on the Role of Dietary Fat in the Early 20th Century
Proteins and carbohydrates were known to be indispensable dietary components by the first decade of the 20th century. However, dietary fat was not considered to be essential because fatty acids were known to be synthesized from carbohydrates. The evidence concerning fat was not definitive due to the inability to completely extract fat from the other dietary components using the methods available in the early 1900s, and the experimental fat-free diets of that era contained traces of residual fat.
Two of the most prominent physiological chemists of the early 20th century, Thomas B. Osborne of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station and Lafayette B. Mendel of the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale University, began their studies on the role of dietary fat in 1912. Osborne and Mendel were working collaboratively in New Haven and were already recognized world-wide for their pioneering studies on dietary proteins. Their initial findings indicated that rats gained weight normally when fed a fat-free food mixture, and they concluded that "true fats" are not required for growth. However, Osborne and Mendel were aware of the work of Wilhelm Stepp in Strasbourg, who found that a lipoid present in egg yolk was an essential nutrient for mice. MacArthur and Luckett at the University of Illinois also reported that a lipoid extracted from egg yolk was necessary for optimum growth of mice.
Osborne and Mendel realized that the fat-free diet used in their studies may have contained an essential lipoid because it had not been extracted with hot alcohol. They explored this issue and in 1913 found that the growth of rats actually was reduced by a fat-free diet but was restored when an ether-extract of protein-free milk was added to the food mixture. The necessary factor was shown to be present in milk fat, butter fat, egg yolk, and cod liver oil, and extremely small quantities of this "accessory substance" supported growth. Although Osborne and Mendel determined that the substance was not an amine, they suggested that it was similar to the vital amines, then called "vitamines", that were known to be essential dietary components. Elmer McCollum, who had done a year of postdoctoral study with Osborne and Mendel, but by this time was working independently at the University of Wisconsin, also reported that an ether-soluble substance contained in egg or butter fat restored the growth of rats consuming a fat-extracted diet. He concluded that the growth-promoting effect was due to an indispensible organic complex "in the nature of lipins", or some substance accompanying lipins, which is an "essential accessory article in foodstuffs". The substance discovered by Osborne and Mendel, and independently by McCollum, was initially called the "growth-promoting fat-soluble vitamin" and was subsequently designated as vitamin A. Both groups reported that the failure of the rats to grow was not due to the absence of dietary fat, lecithin, or cholesterol, findings that diverted attention away from the possibility that fatty acids might be essential nutrients.
The question of the essentiality of dietary fat was rekindled between 1918 and 1920 by Hans Aron in Breslau, who reported that fats had a specific nutrient value that could not be replaced by other foodstuffs and was not accounted for by caloric value alone. Osborne and Mendel argued that these findings were not convincing because they were obtained with butter, which contained other vital nutrients besides fat. Because of the uncertainty raised by Aron's findings and the confusion between lack of fats and deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins, Osborne and Mendel decided to reexamine the question of whether "true fat" was an essential dietary component.
Dietary Fat Studies in the Early 1920s
Osborne and Mendel fed young rats diets exceedingly low in true fats, which they defined as compounds soluble in ether. The diets contained adequate amounts of fat-soluble vitamins from dried alfalfa and water soluble vitamins from dried yeast. To reduce the fat content as much as possible, the dried meat present in the food mixture was extracted five times with ether containing alcohol. The rats fed this lipid-extracted diet grew as well as those fed diets with liberal portions of butter fat or lard, and Osborne and Mendel concluded: "If true fats are essential for nutrition during growth the minimum necessary must be exceedingly small."
While this statement equivocates to some degree, the research community of the 1920s interpreted it as a definitive statement that dietary fat was not essential. Negative results also were reported in 1921 by Jack C. Drummond in London. Drummond fed young rats a diet lacking neutral fat from weaning to maturity and found that they developed normally and exhibited normal behavior. He concluded that neutral fats are not required in the diet provided that the vitamins associated with fat are supplied adequately, and he stated that the real value of fat is that it is a convenient source of energy. Based on the findings of these leading experts, there was general agreement that true fats, that is, glycerides and their fatty acid moieties, were not essential nutrients.
These results and conclusions of Osborne and Mendel, and of Drummond, had a powerful influence on nutritional science in the 1920s. George Burr explained why at the Golden Jubilee International Congress on Essential Fatty Acids and Prostaglandins in 1980. The Congress, organized by Ralph Holman, was held to honor Burr for the discovery of essential fatty acids, and also Ulf von Euler for his part in the discovery of prostaglandins (PGs). In remarks delivered at the Congress banquet, Burr said that: "We had been told on high authority that fats per se were not required in the diet, and our minds were closed."
Considering the stature of the individuals who concluded that fat was not an essential nutrient, it is easy to understand why Burr considered this as coming from high authority.
Thomas B. Osborne was internationally renowned for his work on dietary proteins and was one of the most prominent American biochemists of the early 20th century. He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences and an Honorary Fellow of the Chemical Society (London). Osborne served as the fourth President of the American Society of Biological Chemists, was awarded a gold medal by the Paris Exposition of 1900, and received an honorary degree from Yale University. Osborne's collaborator, Lafayette B. Mendel, was an equally prominent leader of American biochemistry and a founder of the science of nutrition.
Mendel was head of the Department of Physiological Chemistry at the Sheffield Scientific School. This renowned department was founded by Russell H. Chittenden, considered the dean of American biochemistry, and it was the first scientific department devoted specifically to biochemical studies in the United States. Mendel also was the Sterling Professor of Physiological Chemistry at Yale University, was elected to the National Academy of Sciences, served as the fifth President of the American Society of Biological Chemists and the first President of the American Institute of Nutrition, and received honorary degrees from Michigan, Rutgers, and Western Reserve Universities. Jack C. Drummond was a well-recognized nutritional biochemist who had a large laboratory in London in the 1920s. Drummond was appointed the first Professor of Biochemistry at University College London in 1922, became Dean of the Faculty of Medical Science, and was subsequently elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. A young, relatively unknown investigator had to be mature, self-confident, and willing to take chances to challenge such high authority, and George Burr was such an individual.
George Oswald Burr
Burr was born in 1896 in Conway, Arkansas, played cornet in the Conway Juvenile Band, and harvested wheat in Kansas during summer vacations. He received a BA degree from Hendrix College in 1916, where he was a member of the football team. Burr had a variety of experiences between 1916 and the end of 1918. He was Principal of a high school in Crossett, Arkansas, Professor of Science at Kentucky Wesleyan College, attended summer school at the University of Chicago, worked for General Electric in Erie, Pennsylvania, and served in the United States Army Signal Corps.
In 1919, Burr was appointed Chief Chemist of the Arkansas Feed and Fertilizer Inspectors. He resigned shortly thereafter and formed the Little Rock Oil Company to drill for oil, but the company disbanded after hitting a dry well. Burr then obtained a MS degree in chemistry and mathematics at the University of Arkansas and began working for the Missouri Pacific Railroad. He resigned in 1920 after winning a scholarship to the University of Illinois to work on the synthesis of organic arsenicals. In 1921, Burr accepted a job as a science teacher at the Wichita, Kansas high school, but resigned when he was awarded a Fellowship from the Department of Biochemistry at the University of Minnesota to join the laboratory of Professor Ross Gortner. While a graduate student, Burr again showed his entrepreneurial spirit by opening a mill in Wells, Minnesota to produce sugar from corn. Burr also worked for two summers on plant distribution in the Utah and Arizona deserts with Professor J. Arthur Harris, head of the Department of Botany at the University of Minnesota. Although this summer job was unrelated to his thesis project, Burr's association with Professor Harris had a pivotal influence on his future career. In 1924 at the age of 28, Burr received a PhD in Biochemistry and Chemistry from the University of Minnesota. His thesis characterized condensation products formed during protein hydrolysis called humins.
Burr's experiences were much more extensive and varied than the average newly minted PhD. He had taught in public schools, studied at four universities, worked in industry and State government, did fieldwork on plants, and had military service. His moves to new locations and ventures in drilling for oil and milling corn indicate a degree of self-confidence and willingness to take chances. These traits would serve him well in his subsequent research studies.
Postdoctoral studies at the University of California, Berkeley
Burr was awarded a National Research Council Fellowship to work with Herbert M. Evans at the University of California, and he headed for Berkeley after receiving his PhD degree. Evans was an anatomist and physiologist who, with Katherine Scott Bishop, had recently discovered a dietary factor essential for reproduction, subsequently called vitamin E. Evans, who directed a large well-funded laboratory, needed a biochemist to isolate and characterize the anti-sterility factor that he and Bishop had discovered, and Burr had the necessary expertise. Burr progressively purified vitamin E from wheat germ, first isolating it to the oil extract and then to the nonsteroid fraction of the nonsaponifiable lipids. Burr stated that by chance the Evans group was having trouble with reproducibility of their vitamin E experiments which they attributed to the presence of variable amounts of lipid containing vitamin E in the basal diet used to produce the sterile female rats for testing.
To investigate this possibility, Burr set up a separate colony of rats that were fed a fat-free diet that he prepared, consisting of sucrose recrystallized from alcohol, purified and reprecipitated casein, salts, and vitamin supplements. The rats fed this diet developed a disease that was different from vitamin E deficiency. Evans and Burr reported this new dietary deficiency, initially only emphasizing the potential usefulness of the experimental diet without speculating on the cause of the deficiency. Burr's further work demonstrated that, unlike the known fat-soluble vitamins that were present in the nonsaponifiable lipid fraction, the substance which prevented the disease was present in the fatty acid fraction of the lipid extract. Based on this finding, Evans and Burr hypothesized that the active factor was a new vitamin-like substance present in the fatty acid fraction of fat and tentatively designated it as vitamin F.
Burr, in his written comments in 1980, stated: "Over a period of 4 years of work and 3 published papers, it never occurred to us that the deficiency was the lack of a well-known fatty acid."
A personal event occurred during Burr's tenure in Berkeley that turned out to be an important factor in his subsequent discovery of essential fatty acids. Burr married Mildred Lawson, an assistant in the Evans laboratory who was in charge of the rat colony. Mildred's expertise with laboratory rats was vital for Burr's subsequent studies on fatty acid deficiency, and she was the coauthor of the two classic papers on the discovery of essential fatty acids. Mildred Burr was also a coauthor of the 1932 paper reporting the essentiality of α-linolenic acid (18:3ω-3), the ω-3 analog of linoleic acid that is the parent of the ω-3 family of polyunsaturated fatty acids
Faculty appointment at the University of Minnesota
The University of Minnesota completed a new Botany Building with adequate space in 1926, and Professor Harris, with whom Burr had worked during summers on plant distribution in the desert, was given new positions to expand the Botany faculty. Harris recognized Burr's talent and succeeded in recruiting him as an Assistant Professor of Plant Physiology. Burr left for Minneapolis in September, 1928, stating: "With deep sorrow and high hopes, the Burr's left Berkeley in their Model T Ford roadster with two cages of Long-Evans rats…. On cold fall nights, our pets were smuggled into hotel rooms under long overcoats."
Although Professor Harris hired Burr as a plant physiologist, he told Burr that he didn't care what type of research he did as long as it was good work. Burr decided to continue his fat nutrition studies, so Harris arranged space for a rat colony in the attic of the Anatomy Building. The attic room was equipped with air conditioning and the finest individual metabolic cages, and Burr set up a small rat colony with the cooperation of C. M. Jackson, Professor of Anatomy. Burr received support from the University of Minnesota Research Fund and a grant from the Graduate College, but funding still was very limited. He states that because of the shortage of research funds, Mildred Burr pitched in and made some of the special observations, including the effects of the fat-free diet on the estrus cycle and fertility. Thus, the paradigm-changing studies on essential fatty acids had their beginning, and the resulting papers were published with Mildred Burr as coauthor
The classic papers of 1929 and 1930
Burr realized that to make further progress, he had to rigidly exclude fat from the diet and describe the new deficiency symptoms in quantitative terms so that the relative curative value of additives could be measured. The paper published in the May 1929 issue of the Journal of Biological Chemistry describes the purification of the fat-free diet in great detail and contains a much more complete description of the deficiency disease than the prior Evans and Burr publications. The results proved that dietary fat was required to stimulate growth and prevent disease in rats fed the fat-free diet. The key finding, shown in Fig. 2 which is reprinted from Burr's 1929 paper, was that the component of the fat that stimulated growth and prevented disease was the fatty acid fraction, not the nonsaponifiable lipids or the glycerol backbone of the glycerides. Burr concluded that, "The data presented here definitely settle the uncertainty as to the necessity for fats in the diet (of the rat) and prove not only that ingested fats have a beneficial effect upon the animal but that under certain experimental conditions outlined in this paper they are essential constituents of the diet."
Data from Burr's 1929 paper demonstrating the essentiality of fatty acid. The saponifiable (fatty acid) fraction of lard stimulated growth of rats when added to a fat-free diet (left set of data), but the nonsaponifiable lipids (middle set), and glycerol (right set) did not. Each line represents data from a single rat, and the time interval between data points is 4 weeks.
The second paper, published in 1930, describes additional abnormalities that occurred in the rats fed a fat-free diet, including effects on water exchange and ovulation, and investigates the nature of the essential fatty acid. Because the preparation of pure unsaturated fatty acids was problematic at that time due to isomerization of the double bonds, the studies were done primarily with oils containing different combinations of fatty acids, and also with fatty acid esters. Burr found that oils containing linoleic acid and methyl linoleate were effective, and he stated that: "We were driven to the conclusion that the only thing that could be missing from the diet was linoleic acid. So, in March or April 1930, we wrote a paper announcing linoleic acid as an essential fatty acid, and that term was born."
Figure 3 contains key data reprinted from the 1930 paper demonstrating the essentiality of linoleic acid. It shows that lipids containing linoleic acid, especially linseed oil, corn oil, and poppy seed oil that have a high content of linoleic acid, as well as methyl linoleate, stimulated growth and prevented essential fatty acid deficiency in rats fed the fat-free basal diet. Egg lecithin, butter fat, and olive oil, which contain lesser amounts of linoleate, were somewhat effective, whereas coconut oil, which is highly saturated, and methyl stearate were ineffective. While these results indicated that methyl oleate also stimulated growth, this finding was not confirmed in Burr's subsequent studies.
Fig. 3. Data from Burr's 1930 paper demonstrating that linoleic acid is an essential fatty acid. Lipids that contain linoleic acid, especially linseed oil, corn oil and poppy seed oil which have a high percentage of linoleic acid, and methyl linoleate, stimulated the growth of rats when added to the fat-free diet, whereas coconut oil which is highly saturated and methyl stearate did not. While methyl oleate also stimulated growth in this study, subsequent work did not substantiate this finding (see Fig. 4). Each line represents data from a single rat, and the time interval in days is indicated by the size of the double-headed arrow at the bottom of each figure. Reprinted with permission from
Two additional important insights are contained in the 1930 paper. Burr reasoned that because the quantity of dietary linoleic acid required to prevent the deficiency disease was very small, linoleic acid is not synthesized by animals. Furthermore, he stated that in addition to linoleic acid, some of the more highly unsaturated fatty acids present in phospholipids are also probably essential. This was largely ignored, and the commonly held interpretation was that linoleic acid is "the" essential fatty acid.
The Controversy and Its Resolution
Ralph Holman states that the subject of the essentiality of polyunsaturated fatty acids was born into controversy because the finding was too revolutionary for many. He quotes Burr as saying: "In my opinion the most striking aspect about the discovery of EFA [essential fatty acids] was the complete surprise with which it struck the nutrition researchers. The belief was deeply rooted that, except as carriers of fat-soluble vitamins, fats were merely a concentrated source of calories easily stored in plants and animals."
Herbert Evans, Burr's postdoctoral mentor, who by then had been elected to the National Academy of Sciences and was internationally recognized for the discovery of vitamin E, wrote a letter of condolence chiding Burr for having stuck his neck out and made such an error. Burr states that this criticism was especially disturbing because he was well aware of the difficulties in that era of establishing the purity of unsaturated fatty acids. Ironically, a paper from the Lafayette Mendel's laboratory describing the effects of a fat-free diet on the growth of rats was also published in the May 1929 issue of the Journal of Biological Chemistry. Mendel's group observed that rats fed a fat-free diet grew poorly and exhibited the same symptoms as described by Burr. They found that the best growth occurred in the rats that received a small amount of fat in the diet, and they stated that their findings strengthened the argument that dietary fat may have a beneficial effect. However, in contrast with Burr's definitive statement, their overall conclusion was equivocal: "Whether this apparent beneficial effect of a small amount of fat is due to its content of vitamin A or other vitamins, or to its action as a vehicle for the fat soluble vitamins, or whether fat per se is essential, is not conclusively demonstrated."
This paper is often discussed in a context that implies that the Mendel group challenged Burr's conclusion regarding the essentiality of fatty acid. However, the two papers were received by the Journal of Biological Chemistry 8 days apart in February 1929 and were published in May, and there is no evidence of any communication between Burr and the Mendel group. Therefore, the "not conclusively demonstrated" statement regarding the essentiality of fat almost certainly was meant to apply to Mendel's results, not to Burr's results. When considered in this light, the paper from the Mendel group is far less confrontational than is often implied, although it undoubtedly was disconcerting for Burr to see the "not conclusively demonstrated" conclusion of this world-famous laboratory in the same issue as his own paper.
Burr states that Evans put his laboratory to work to prove him wrong. However, in studies published between 1932 and 1934, the Evans group reproduced Burr's findings and credits him with the original observations, clearly stating in a 1934 paper that they had extended Burr's work . Burr also stated in 1980 that Sir Jack Drummond said that the essential fatty acid conclusion was wrong and set his laboratory to work to find the correct answer. However, there appears to be no publication from Drummond's laboratory that refutes Burr's results. In 1931, Hume and Smith in London confirmed that rats on a fat-free diet develop a scaly tail, but they attributed this to a deficiency of a B vitamin present in yeast, not to the absence of fat. However, in further studies, Hume et al. reproduced more of the essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome in rats and demonstrated that methyl linoleate cured the disease, thus confirming Burr's results.
A detailed review in 1937 by Anderson, a coauthor of the 1929 paper from Mendel's laboratory, listed many papers that confirmed Burr's findings and stated that: "Burr and Burr…. presented for serious consideration a hitherto unsuspected possible role of certain specific fatty acids in the animal organism." Burr considered this as a "note of skepticism", and the caution implicit in this statement probably reflected a lingering doubt by the remaining members of the Yale group. However, some skepticism probably was justified, even as late as 1937, because proof that linoleic acid cannot be synthesized by animals was not obtained until isotopes became available for metabolic studies at the end of the 1930s.
In retrospect, it is easy to understand why Burr's findings were greeted initially with considerable skepticism. These were not trivial findings about some esoteric problem; rather, they dealt with a central question intimately related to the high-visibility vitamin research of that era, and some of the most prominent figures in biochemistry and nutrition had a stake in the outcome. The ingredients for controversy were there, a relatively young and inexperienced investigator who was disputing the long-accepted findings of the experts.
While Burr admitted that he was disturbed by the initial doubt, his results were confirmed and generally accepted within a few years, and requests for reprints came to Burr from around the world.
The Essentiality of Linoleic Acid
In 1931, Burr reported that linoleic acid was not synthesized from carbohydrates in the rat, and Green and Hilditch subsequently found that the cow also did not synthesize linoleic acid from dietary components. These nutritional observations were confirmed in the late 1930s by Schoenheimer and Rittenberg in their metabolic studies with deuterated water in mice. They found that saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were labeled with deuterium, but linoleic acid was not, proving that linoleic acid was derived from the diet.
Investigators concentrated on the effects of linoleic acid after Burr's findings were confirmed, and disregarded the possibility that products synthesized from it might have essential functions. By the late 1930s, however, nutritional studies demonstrated a linkage between linoleic acid and arachidonic acid (20:4ω-6). Nunn and Smedley-Maclean, in London, found that arachidonic acid increased in the liver when rats on a fat-free diet were fed methyl linoleate. These findings were confirmed and extended in the 1940s by Holman and Burr, who developed the alkali isomerization spectrophotometric method to measure individual polyunsaturated fatty acids in a fatty acid mixture. They found that tissue levels of arachidonic acid decreased when rats were fed a fat-free diet and increased when corn oil was added to the diet. Further evidence that arachidonic acid was synthesized from linoleic acid was obtained in rats fed pure linoleic acid.
Fatty acid chain elongation and desaturation were not known in the 1940s, and Burr, Holman, and their associates puzzled as to the how two additional double bonds could be added to convert linoleic acid to arachidonic acid. The answer was provided between 1953 and 1960 by an elegant series of studies with radiolabeled compounds carried out by Jim Mead and colleagues at the University of California, Los Angeles. Mead and coworkers initially found that [1-14C]acetate was incorporated into arachidonic acid, but not linoleic acid, and concluded that arachidonic acid was formed by elongation of linoleic acid. They confirmed this by showing that [1-14C]linoleic acid condensed with acetate to form radiolabeled arachidonic acid. They subsequently demonstrated that γ-linolenic acid (18:3ω-6) was an intermediate in the conversion of linoleic to arachidonic acid, and that dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3ω-6) was the intermediate in the conversion of γ-linolenic to arachidonic acid. The pathway determined by Mead and coworkers:
was subsequently extended by showing that arachidonic acid can be converted to two 22-carbon fatty acid products, 22:4ω-6 and 22:5ω-6.
Nutritional studies done in the late 1930s and early 1940s indicated that arachidonic acid, like linoleic acid, was an essential fatty acid. Methyl arachidonate was found to be more effective than methyl linoleate in promoting weight gain in rats fed a fat-free diet. Furthermore, the skin lesions in the essential fatty acid-deficient rats were cured by feeding methyl arachidonate, and the reproductive abnormalities were cured by ethyl arachidonate.
Mechanistic Basis for the Essentiality of linoleic Acid
Essentiality in the first half of the 20th century was based on the maintenance of normal physiological function and the prevention of disease. While Burr did not determine the biochemical basis for the essentiality of linoleic acid, he stated in 1929: "If fatty acids are responsible for cures, we must assign them a function far more subtle than the production of 9 Calories/gram."
Burr did not specify what this more subtle function might be, but it seems likely from this statement that he envisioned biochemical effectors similar to the lipid mediators that were eventually shown to be synthesized from essential fatty acids. The mechanistic breakthrough came when Burr was no longer active in fatty acid research. In 1964, Van Dorp's group at the Unilever Research Laboratories in Vlaardingen and Bergström's group at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm independently showed that arachidonic acid was converted to PGE2. Van Dorp stated: "It may even be possible that the actual function of essential fatty acids is to act as precursors of prostaglandins." "…the symptoms of essential fatty acid deficiency at least partly are due to an inadequate biosynthesis of the various members of the prostaglandin hormone system."
Bergström's group also demonstrated that dihomo-γ-linolenic acid was converted to PGE1, indicating a further linkage between linoleic acid, its ω-6 fatty acid elongation and desaturation products, and the formation of the PG biomediators. In addition to serving as the substrate for the production of homo-γ-linolenic and arachidonic acids, linoleic acid is required to generate the ω-hydroxyceramides that covalently attach to epidermal proteins to form a barrier that prevents water loss through the skin.
Essential Fatty Acids in Humans
Burr and his student, Arild Hansen, participated in a 1938 study to determine whether linoleic acid was essential for humans. They observed 40% decreases in serum linoleic and arachidonic acids in a healthy adult male after 6 months on a nearly fat-free diet, decreases that were similar to those seen in the essential fatty acid-deficient rat. Although no harmful effects occurred, except for gradual weight loss, it was concluded that clinical symptoms of essential fatty acid deficiency would have developed if the diet had been continued over a prolonged period.
For the next 20 years, the evidence that humans require essential fatty acids remained indirect and was based entirely on the fact that the serum fatty acid changes in poorly nourished humans were similar to those that occurred in experimental animals. However, more convincing human evidence was obtained in 1958, when skin abnormalities were observed in infants fed a low-fat diet. Addition of saturated fat was not helpful, but the skin symptoms were cured when linoleic acid was added to the diet in the form of trilinolein at 2% of calories. Addition of linoleic acid also reversed the low diene and tetraene content of the serum. 5,8,11-Eicosatrienoic acid, the triene that accumulates in essential fatty acid-deficient rats, also decreased in the serum of the infants when linoleic acid was added to the diet.
Further studies indicated that the minimum requirement for dietary linoleic acid in the young infant was 1% of calories, and the optimum amount was 4%. However, some skepticism regarding whether essential fatty acids were required by humans existed until long-term parenteral nutrition was introduced in 1968. Essential fatty acids were not included in the parenteral nutrition solutions that were used initially, and cases of human essential fatty acid deficiency occurred. An adult male who was treated in 1971 with a fat-free intravenous solution developed the plasma phospholipid fatty acid signs of essential fatty acid deficiency and a skin rash. These abnormalities were reversed when a soybean emulsion containing 86 g/l linoleic acid was added to the parenteral solution. Likewise, essential fatty acid deficiency that developed in infants treated with parenteral nutrition was cured when Intralipid®, which is rich in linoleic acid, was added to the parenteral solution. Thus, it became obvious during the 1970s that linoleic acid was also an essential nutrient for humans.
Essentiality of ω-3 FATTY Acids
In 1931, Wesson and Burr reported that like linoleic acid, its 18-carbon ω-3 analog α-linolenic acid (18:3ω-3), was not synthesized in the rat. This finding was confirmed at the end of the decade by Schoenheimer and Rittenberg's metabolic studies of deuterium incorporation into lipids. Furthermore, as shown in Fig. 4, which is reprinted from Burr's 1932 paper, α-linolenic acid was effective in stimulating weight gain in rats on an essential fatty acid-deficient diet. Based on these results, Burr concluded that α-linolenic acid is also an essential fatty acid. However, other investigators found that methyl linolenate was only one-sixth as effective as methyl linoleate in promoting weight gain, and that ethyl linolenate did not cure the skin lesions or facilitate reproduction in essential fatty acid-deficient rats. Furthermore, α-linolenic acid competitively inhibited the effectiveness of linoleic acid in preventing the symptoms of essential fatty acid deficiency. These findings created uncertainty as to whether α-linolenic acid and ω-3 fatty acids were essential, and it took almost 50 years and the work of many other investigators to overcome these doubts.
Fig. 4. Data from Burr's 1932 paper demonstrating that α-linolenic acid is an essential fatty acid. Methyl linolenate stimulated the growth of rats on a fat-free diet (right side), while methyl oleate did not (left side). Each line represents data taken from a single rat, and the time interval of each horizontal segment of the grid is 10 days.
Evidence that α-linolenic acid is an essential nutrient became convincing only after EPA (20:5ω-3) and DHA (22:6ω-3), which are synthesized from α-linolenic acid, were shown to have important functional effects. Nutritional experiments done in rats and chicks in the late 1930s and 1940s indicated that α-linolenic acid was converted to more highly unsaturated fatty acids that contained five and six double bonds. Klenk and Bongard, in Cologne, reported that a 22-carbon fatty acid containing six double bonds was enriched in brain phosphatides in 1952; Hammond and Lundberg, at the University of Minnesota, purified the DHA from hog brain phosphatides and determined its structure in 1953; and Klenk determined the metabolic pathway for the conversion of α-linolenic acid to DHA8 in 1960.
In 1961, Biran and Bartley, in Oxford, showed that DHA was contained in membrane-bound organelles isolated from brain, and Fred Snyder's group, in Oak Ridge, extended these findings by showing that DHA was highly enriched in synaptic membrane phospholipids. This suggestion that DHA might play a role in neurotransmission was confirmed by Gene Anderson and colleagues, in Houston, who showed in 1973 that DHA, which is abundant in retinal phospholipids, facilitated the electrical response to visual excitation. These striking findings demonstrated that ω-3 fatty acids are functionally important. However, the prevalent opinion in the 1960s and early 1970s was that ω-3 fatty acids had no unique or essential function and were present in the body simply because they were contained in the diet. Because of the general lack of interest in ω-3 fatty acids at the time, these seminal results had very little impact when they were initially reported.
In 1964, Bergström's group demonstrated that EPA was converted to PGE by a sheep vesicular gland homogenate, and they subsequently detected PGE in human seminal plasma. However, investigators were focused on PGE2 and PGE1 at that time, and these findings were hardly noticed. In 1976, Phil Needleman and colleagues in St. Louis found that PGG3/PGH3, the endoperoxides synthesized from EPA by sheep seminal vesicles, were converted to thromboxane (TX)A3, and that unlike TXA2, the corresponding arachidonic acid product, TXA3, did not aggregate platelets. Needleman's laboratory also showed that either PGG3/PGH3 or a PG synthesized from them by coronary arteries had vasoactive properties. Again, because there was little interest in ω-3 fatty acids, investigators focused on results with the corresponding arachidonic acid products that also were reported in these papers and overlooked these striking EPA findings.
The widespread perception that ω-3 fatty acids had no important functions changed abruptly in 1978 when Jørn Dyerberg and H. O. Bang in Aalborg reported that the incidence of myocardial infarction was very low in Greenland Eskimos whose diet consisted of marine lipids rich in EPA and DHA. They found that the plasma of the Greenland Eskimos contained large amounts of ω-3 fatty acids as compared with plasma of Danish Caucasians, and the plasma phospholipids of the Eskimos contained high levels of EPA but very little arachidonic acid. Furthermore, the Eskimos had low levels of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and atherogenic lipoproteins, their high density lipoproteins were elevated, and they had an increased bleeding tendency. Dyerberg and Bang found that EPA inhibited platelet aggregation, and they showed that the cyclooxygenase in vascular tissue produced an anti-aggregatory PG from EPA. They concluded that the incidence of myocardial infarction was low in the Greenland Eskimos because EPA protected against thrombosis by inhibiting platelet aggregation by competitively inhibiting the conversion of arachidonic acid to TXA2, being converted to TXA3, or being converted to an inhibitory PG by the vasculature. Thus, the findings of Dyerberg, Bang, and their colleagues established a connection between EPA and PGs, plasma lipoproteins, thrombosis, and atherosclerosis, topics at the forefront of vascular biology and lipid research in the 1970s and 1980s, and the biomedical world suddenly realized that ω-3 fatty acids were important.
Interest initially was centered on EPA because of the eicosanoid and thrombosis connections. However, DHA ordinarily is the most abundant ω-3 fatty acid present in the tissues, particularly in the retina and brain, and emphasis gradually shifted to DHA as results indicating that DHA had a vital role in the nervous system accumulated. It became apparent by the end of the 1990s that the requirement for DHA probably is the primary reason why ω-3 fatty acids are essential. This tentative conclusion was supported by subsequent findings indicating that DHA enhances cognition and synaptic function, and that it is converted to lipid mediators that facilitate the resolution of acute inflammation, provide neuroprotection, and promote hippocampal development.
Evidence for the essentiality of α-linolenic acid in humans was obtained in 1982 by Ralph Holman and colleagues. They observed that a 6-year-old female who had a 300 cm intestinal excision developed neurological symptoms during treatment with a parenteral nutrition emulsion containing 76% linoleic acid, but only 0.66% α-linolenic acid. When the α-linolenic acid content of the emulsion was increased to 6.9%, the DHA in the serum phospholipids increased from 1.54 to 4.35%, and the neurological symptoms were alleviated. The implication that α-linolenic acid was the essential factor was questioned, and it was suggested that the neurological abnormalities were caused by a deficiency of the elongation and desaturation products of α-linolenic acid. In response, Holman, Johnson, and Hatch agreed and stated: "We do recognize that probably the essentiality of linolenic acid resides in the polyunsaturated fatty acids formed from it, just as is the case for the linoleic family of polyunsaturated fatty acids. …We therefore suggest that linolenic acid is a required dietary nutrient for humans and that ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are required for normal nerve function."
Additional clinical studies demonstrated that DHA increased visual acuity and cognitive function in human infants, providing further evidence that the requirement for DHA in the nervous system is a major reason for the essentiality of ω-3 fatty acids.
The discovery of essential fatty acids is one of the great advances in lipid research. It reversed the commonly held belief that dietary fat was merely a source of energy and fat-soluble vitamins, and established fatty acids as essential dietary components. The impact of this discovery is indicated by the more than 46,000 publications currently listed in PubMed under the heading of essential fatty acid, the importance of essential fatty acids in membrane properties and signal transduction, and the potent effects of the lipid mediators produced from arachidonic acid, EPA, and DHA. While George Burr received some recognition for his paradigm-changing discovery, it was modest compared with the honors received by his contemporaries who made major discoveries related to dietary fat.
Several factors contributed to Burr's failure to achieve a level of prominence equivalent to that of his contemporaries. New findings about fatty acids were not considered newsworthy because fatty acids were commonplace, whereas discoveries about vitamins attracted widespread attention because vitamins were at the forefront of biomedical research in the first half of the 20th century. A contributing factor was that Burr kept working quietly to accumulate the evidence needed to strengthen his discovery and did not seek the limelight. Furthermore, Burr decided to pursue his interest in plant biochemistry in 1956 and moved to Hawaii and then to Taiwan, and he was no longer involved in lipid research during the 1960s and 1970s when the PG and ω-3 fatty acid discoveries stimulated widespread interest in essential fatty acids.
Burr was appointed as a consultant to the Royal Swedish Institute for Scientific and Engineering Research in 1946, and he was invited by the Nobel Foundation to submit a nomination for the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. This obviously pleased him greatly, because it is one of the few honors that he mentioned in his autobiographical material. The 1982 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Sune Bergström, Bengt Samuelsson, and Sir John Vane for their discoveries concerning PGs, and while Burr was not included, it must have pleased him to know that his landmark discovery of essential fatty acids would eventually lead to findings worthy of this ultimate honor. (Section B is a quote of the entire article by Spector, Kim, 2015. I omitted their references since I reference them).
In this introduction to fats and the determination of total meat content, we reviewed the calculations used for the theoretical calculation of meat content, we did the briefest of introductions to lipids as a macro molecule, and some of its functions. We also quoted the Spector, Kim article (2015) which deals with the history of determining the nutritional value of fat. More articles on fat as part of total meat content follows.
Khan Acadamy https://youtu.be/Ezp8F7XJHWE and a lecture given by Hazel Sive at MIT and made available through their OpenCourseWare program.
Marcus, J. B. M.. Lipids Basics: Fats and Oils in Foods and Health, published in Culinary Nutrition, 2013
Pelley, J. W.. 2012. Fatty Acid and Triglyceride Metabolism. Published in Elsevier's Integrated Review Biochemistry (Second Edition), 2012
Spector, A. A., & Kim, H. Y. (2015). Discovery of essential fatty acids. Journal of lipid research, 56(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1194/jlr.R055095
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/esters/
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/phospholipids/
https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/unsaturated_fat.htm | {
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Kathy Russell -she may become a famous ballerina yet. She just needs to get this nasty prison stuff behind her.
A phalanx of lawyers – this time to defend Bronfman-Raniere group
In the past, Keith Raniere and Clare Bronfman routinely retained a phalanx of attorneys to attack enemies of the NXIVM cult and put them in jail.
Now, it seems that they once again have a phalanx of lawyers – but for an opposite purpose – to keep them out of jail.
Here are the lawyers we know of so far:
Keith Alan Raniere
Marc Agnifilo – Brafman & Associates, P.C.
Paul DerOhannesian II – DerOhannesian & DerOhannesian
Danielle R. Smith – DerOhannesian & DerOhannesian
Jacob Kaplan – Brafman & Associates, P.C.
Teny R. Geragos – Brafman & Associates, P.C.
Brian Poe – Fort Worth, TX
Marc Agnifilo and Paul DerOhannesian
Steven Kobre
Steven G. Kobre – Kobre & Kim LLC [Kobre served as a prosecutor for the U.S. Department of Justice (as an Assistant U.S. Attorney in the Criminal Division of the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York). Prior to that, Mr. Kobre worked as an Assistant District Attorney in the New York County District Attorney's Office.
William F. McGovern
William F. McGovern – Kobre & Kim LLC [McGovern previously served as a New York prosecutor, during which time he was appointed as a Special Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York. He also served as a U.S. SEC branch chief. ]
Sean S. Buckley – Kobre & Kim LLC [a former U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) prosecutor, Buckley is a trial and investigations lawyer who defends clients in white-collar criminal matters and international government enforcement actions. Buckley serves as counsel in cross-border investigations, often involving allegations of bribery or U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act violations, antitrust matters or money laundering.]
Clare Bronfman
Dennis Burke –Ballard Spahr
Susan R. Necheles – Hafetz & Necheles LLP
Kathleen E. Cassidy – Hafetz & Necheles LLP
Gedalia Stern – Hafetz & Necheles LLP
Susan Necheles
Nancy Salzman AKA Prefect
Nancy Salzman
Michael J. Sullivan – Ashcroft Group [Sullivan formerly served as U.S. Attorney for the District of Massachusetts and Acting Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives.]
Lauren Salzman
Hector J. Diaz – Quarles & Brady, LLP
James L. Burke – Quarles & Brady
Hector Diaz
Finally, a picture of Kathy Russell – she aged out of Keith Raniere's harem some time ago, but he kept her on as a low paid bookkeeper assigned to keep double sets of books and participate in various criminal schemes – as well as to clean his sex lair after his various encounters. She is an aspiring ballerina. Raniere has indicated to her that if she continues with the tech, she will experience a breakthrough and become a world-level ballerina one day soon.
Kathy Russell
William Fanciullo [former Assistant U.S. Attorney.]
William Fanciullo
Richard P. Donoghue – U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of New York
Moira K. Penza – AUSA (Criminal Division)
Tanya Hajjar – AUSA (Criminal Division)
Karin K. Orenstein – AUSA (Civil Division)
The judge has ordered that as to Keith Raniere, Allison Mack, Clare Bronfman, Kathy Russell, Lauren Salzman, and Nancy Salzman:
No attorney who has appeared, or will enter an appearance on behalf of, any party in this case may commit to participating in any other trial between January 1, 2019, and April 30, 2019, without first requesting (in writing) and receiving specific permission from this court. The court will schedule motions and set a firm trial date at the September 13, 2018, status conference. Ordered by Judge Nicholas G. Garaufis on 7/25/2018. (Haddad, Andrew) (Entered: 07/25/2018)
The parties shall meet and confer regarding discovery and a motion schedule prior to the next status conference, which is scheduled for 9/13/2018 at 2:00 PM. Time is excluded under the Speedy Trial Act between 7/25/2018 and 9/13/2018, with respect to all parties present, for review of discovery and plea negotiations on consent (except Keith Raniere, who objects to the exclusion of time). Jury selection and trial is rescheduled for 1/7/2019 in Courtroom 4D South before Judge Nicholas G. Garaufis.
Karen Unterreiner with Raniere stooge James Del Negro – who often put companies in his name to help Raniere launder money. Sometimes, he did not even know which companies his name was on or what the companies supposedly did. But Karen knew – she never forgot a single company and helped Keith mastermind the entire bookkeeping scam. In her spare time, the generous Karen would pick up underage girls for Keith to enjoy.
Note: In the case of Kathy Russell – longtime NXIVM member Karen Abney originally posted $25,000 bail for her. Later, Kathy's sisters were slated to post the bail in Abney's place. Abney worked alongside Russell and Karen Unterreiner, who some believe has flipped and is giving evidence to the US Attorney. If so, Karen is a wealth of information having been with Keith consistently since his RPI days. She helped him procure underage girls and masterminded his double [and triple] sets of books. That Kathy Russell – who took orders from Karen has been charged and not Karen – speaks volumes. Of course, Keith had always planned that Kathy should be the fall girl for the crooked books.]
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Reader: In Response to Pea Onyu – Your 'Eyes are Wide Shut' on NXIVM indicted – Frank Report says:
[…] One of our readers had this to say in reply to Pea Onyu: […]
Pea Onyu says:
They are innocent until proven guilty and which one of you would fail to hire the best lawyer you could afford or if Sara Bronfman is willing to pay -your liberty is at sale. Lastly no one likes a rat.
Scott Johnson (@ScottTexJohnson) says:
Pea Onyou:
It's good to hear from you.
Were you under threat of indictment?
You tell us how brave and heroic Allison is. You must know her personally.
As for no one liking a rat, its also true that no one likes to be branded.
And no one likes to be the victim of extortion.
And no one wants to be enslaved.
And no one likes to lose their sexual freedom.
Or didn't all that occur to Allison the Brave?
And even if Allison manages to hoodwink a jury, who the hell is going to hire her to be an actress?
Eyes Wide Shut says:
Dear Pea Onyu,
Sorry your name still get a belly laugh from me.
It's more like Clare is paying legal fees. Sara, if she is smarter than the average Clare Bear will get as far away as she can from NXIVM members current legal issues. Why drag herself in any more than she already is from her years before she bolted out of daily NXIVM dealings, got married and has two young children to take care of.
One has to think long and hard before wanting to go to prison when a person has young children to consider. Clare on the other hand just has her farm animals. Five, ten, fifteen up to 30 years is a long time to give up with your children.
If those in the inner circle are so innocent, why did all those from Mexico who were living in the US scatter like rats back to Mexico? Why are they selling their homes if they think their leaders are going to be found innocent and start back up with recruitment of NXIVM?
It appears that you do not fully understand what has gone on behind the curtain of cover up and cannot or will not take in "all the data" of what this organization has been doing.
You are not considering all of those who have been tortured legally by Raniere and backed by Clare Bronfman in a court of law, were found innocent (not guilty) of the things NXIVM said they did but were left broke and had to restart their lives.
Telling the truth is not a crime but Raniere and his band of merry followers think it is. They have gone to great lenghts to shut up their ex-members who have left and have been telling the truth about all the illegal things that are finally coming to light.
Pea Onyu, be a good girl and do what NXIVM teaching say. Get as much information to make a good decision. Read the criminal complaints against those you are standing up for. There is so much information out there that BARKS – they are guilty.
Good Points!
Pea Onyou should realize that the US DOJ does not file long complicated indictments on whims.
There is real evidence against all the NXIVM defendants and the investigation is ongoing so there might be future indictments.
I hope for Pea's sake she is not deeply involved in the NXIVM madness.
Flowers says:
Pea Onyu
"Lastly no one likes a rat."
If these people are now in the position where they can become a rat, that means they made bad choices at some point. At some point they made the choice to either commit illegal activities ,or to help out those who were breaking the law.
Now they have a chance to redeem themselves by telling the truth. They have a chance to ease their conscience by knowing they are now doing the right thing. Also, the authorities are always more lenient on those who cooperate and help them out.
If they are afraid of being labeled a "rat" by their old friends, they should consider where these friends are now and how they got into that position. Are these friends worth having?
If Allison Mack were truly Pea Onyou's friend, she would never have put Pea in a position of great legal jeopardy.
NC Girl says:
Pea, for one thing, I wouldn't be doing anything that would cost me my freedom. So, I can pass on the sex and human trafficking, as well as the money laundering and tax evasion. But, thanks!
It makes me so happy that Frank is getting the last laugh. The cultists did everything they could to bring him down and it backfired spectacularly. This is a David and Goliath story.
Sounds like Kathy is living a life right out of Tennessee William's. Sad to see.
We should also mention the most important lawyer in the court room.
US Judge Nicholas Garaufis.
This Judge was appointed to the bench by that special President, Bill The Rapist Clinton.
Bill The Rapist Clinton as ex-President, displayed a soft spot in his heart for the admitted pedophile Jeffrey Epstein.
Clinton is known to have flown on Epstein's personal jet "The Lolita Express" at least 26 times.
"Former President Bill Clinton was a much more frequent flyer on a registered sex offender's infamous jet than previously reported, with flight logs showing the former president taking at least 26 trips aboard the "Lolita Express" — even apparently ditching his Secret Service detail for at least five of the flights."
If Bill the Rapist Clinton is so lenient to a perverted pedophile, many his judge will be equally lenient.
"Epstein was accused of recruiting and forcing dozens of children into an underground network of sex slaves, who served many of the elite members of society, including former American President Bill Clinton."
No doubt when appointing Federal Judges Clinton looked for candidates of like mind.
All of Them Witchepedias says:
More drivel from a man who relies much too much on Wikipedia.
What you seem to have done here is drawn a direct(?) line between Judge Garaufis and Jeffrey Epstein, two men who may never have met each other (unless of course Ben Schmuckus will come forward alleging that he was present at said meeting).
Here are some suggestions Shadow, lest you find yourself relegated to the Frank Report "Rubber Room" with the Scotts
1) Spend less time monitoring the Frank Report waiting to pounce on every new post. Leave your house for five or six hours a day. Volunteer to help the infirm or the elderly in your community. Adopt a pet. You will not lose any "Frankie Points" if you do not comment on every post.
2) While your obsession with Allison Mack may not be as blatantly obvious as in your early posts, it still shines through almost every keystroke of your contributions. I find your current post concerning pedophiles a bit hysterical, coming from a man who, in his late 50s, was obsessing over a woman in her late 20s (who was playing a teenager?) (and just to think, if you had agreed to spend thousands of dollars on worthless ESP curriculum, Ms. Mack may have "lovebombed" you).
3) If you are interested in the airborne exploits of former President Clinton, check out the allegations that Dan Lasater, major Clinton supporter and founder of the Ponderosa chain of steakhouses, used then Governor Clinton's airplane to transport cocaine.
The two men do have a connection.
Judge Garaufis was nominated as a US Judge by Bill The Rapist Clinton.
And Jeffrey Epstein associated with Bill The Rapist Clinton after the Arkansan left the White House.
And I don't tell you what to say and you don't tell me what to say.
If I want to demonize someone, I will particularly if that person merits demonization.
That's called Freedom of Speech.
Just wait until the US prosecutors start demonizing Allison Mack.
You ain't seen nothing yet.
All of Them Witchipedians says:
If you weren't a sex starved Wikipedian, you might realize that Freedom of Speech is not entirely free. Free speech involves some responsibility. Whether we should enjoy freedom of treasonous speech, freedom of slanderous speech and freedom of hate speech are all difficult issues, but not issues a fiftysomething man who spent countless hours watching a television show aimed at teenagers should probably concern himself with. Always remember, and never forget, that free speech is a right and not a privilege.
It is irresponsible for a free speaker to say that a man, appointed by President Clinton, is somehow connected to anyone else affiliated with President Clinton in any manner. It would be interesting if there were any real connection between Epstein and Judge Garaufis. Some brief research on my part has not uncovered any such connection.
I do not care if you "demonize" Ms. Mack, who I never had heard of before I began following The Frank. My opinion is that if her legal team can convince her to show some respect for the Court by dressing like an adult, they might be able to play the "brainwashed" card to the point where their client is spared sentencing at the upper levels of the guidelines.
Every allegation I have made against Ms. Mack is either backed by information contained in the US government's superseding indictment last week or mentioned by the news media, such as the allegation that Ms. Mack was behaving inappropriately with an 8 year old girl.
That said Bill Clinton is notorious for using his influence to try to kill off US government investigations.
In 2016 Clinton met with AG Loretta Lynch on the airport tarmac in Phoenix in circumstances that made it look like he was trying to kill the DOJ investigation into Hillary Clinton's handling of official emails.
And the Frank Report has suggested that people connected with Bill Clinton are pressuring the US DOJ to leave Emiliano Salinas out of any NXIVM indictments.
You might be impressed with Bill Clinton's snake oil but the rest of America has seen too much of Bill Clinton in action to see him as anything but a con artist, a slicker version of Keith Raniere.
Shadowstate is Causing Me to Miss the "Scotts" says:
There is no room to reply to your latest misreading of my recent reply to you. Or maybe your vision is bad (maybe it is true that excessive masturbation makes you go blind).
I am not defending Allison Mack in any way. Rot in prison or left free to worship her Vanguard, I care not.
I am not a supporter of Bill or Hillary Clinton. Neither are moral or ethical. Both are hypocrites.
I was trying to get you to expand in some logical way your belief that since Judge Garaufis was appointed by an associate (Bubba) of a known pedophile (Epstein) that Judge Garaufis would somehow be sympathetic towards an accused pedophile. Could you find at least one decision rendered by Judge Garaufis to support your, ah, theory?
[Cue the crickets, or the non-responsive response]
Give him a few minutes. He is watching another smallville episode pretending he is Tom Welling and Allie, Kristen and Erica are devouring his pasty chubby body.
I use facts contained in the US indictment as well as in news stories.
And I stay on the issue of NXIVM and its evil leaders.
Your problem is that I tell the truth and the truth is a bitter pill to swallow.
Allison Mack has been exposed as a racketeer and gangster.
For all of the opprobrium tossed Kristen Kreuk's way, Allison Mack deserves a thousand times more.
If Kruek had blocked you from her twitter account for stalking her, then your wrath would be upon her. Hey dude, it's not our fault the girl you spent the last 16 years fantasying about turned out to be a degenerate. And she did things physically to a bigger degenerate that you wish she would have done to you. After all you and Little Keith are about the same age.
Response to SOS.
Did Allison Mack/Chloe Sullivan film an episode of Smallville where women were branded and enslaved?
Where Allison is going she won't need a Twitter account.
She has a new friend : BIG BERTHA.
And any woman who would sleep with Little Keith will have a whole new experience sleeping with BIG BERTHA.
orangecountydreams - OCD says:
I think you underestimate US Judge Nicholas Garaufis. He will take no nonsense whatsoever from the Defendants or their attorneys, as already demonstrated so far in the case.
I live in Cook County Illinois where 17 judges and 42 lawyers were sent to prison by the FBI for bribery.
Just look up Operation Greylord.
In one case the Judge even fixed a murder case.
I doubt that New York Judges and Lawyers, particularly those associated with Bill Clinton, are any different.
Even so says:
They tend to be slightly better behaved when there is national media attention.
Years ago there was a US Federal District Judge in Chicago named Otto Kerner.
He was nationally famous for investigating police misconduct during the 1968 Democratic Convention.
The Kerner Commission.
Otto Kerner was later convicted of taking a bribe.
Exactly, Even So
It's not so easy to make an inappropriate decision when you know everyone is watching what you do.
And in the Greylord case, those corrupt officials saw justice served to them. This might cause those in the legal field to think twice before trying to get away with similar crimes now.
All of Them Witchipedias says:
Care to support your allegation/assertion/ opinion about the New York judiciary with any facts, oh great Master Debater?
Cue them crickets again.
Where is New York State Judge Joseph Crater?
He was a very prominent Judge in New York City.
Appointed to the bench by Governor Franklin Roosevelt.
Rumored to be a possible future Federal Judge.
And Judge Joseph F. Crater disappeared off the face of the earth.
His body was never found.
All after Judge Crater mysteriously removed lots of money from his bank account.
This disappearance/murder occurred on August 6, 1930.
I doubt if the ethics of New York State Judges has improved much since the days of Judge Joseph Crater.
I trust Judges and other politicians as far as I can throw a Grand Piano.
EDNY kicks ass and takes names. I'm sticking to that for now. Sure, there is corruption, but in this case, the prosecutors will win a gold star for shutting down this crap, in the age of #metoo. (Forgive my ignorance – I don't tweet.) How do you get around, for example, locking a woman in a room for 18 months under threat of deportation??
Raniere had people in NXIVM who helped him keep the young Mexican woman in question under surveillance.
So for all your Googling and Wikipedia smarts the best you could come up with is a judge who disappeared 88 years ago?
During Bill Clinton's years as President, he appointed over 650 Federal judges, including two Supreme Court justices. Surely, with all of those judges to work with, you can come up with at least one judge who was lenient toward pedophiles. Then all you would have to do is prove that said leniency had some relation to the fact that the lenient judge was appointed by Clinton.
Or you could just go back to binge watching teen shows.
Judge Crater. Famous story around these parts, but as far as I know he was not a pedophile, did not sell Amway, was not a member of a cult etc. 17 judges and 42 lawyers sent to prison by the FBI is impressive but not as impressive as two governors finishing their terms behind bars.
Read the New York Times.
The Times documents almost every day New York politicians and judges who take money under the table.
It is entirely appropriate that we acknowledge the many contributions of the FBI Investigators and the DOJ lawyers as well.
These men and women worked hard to make sure that Allison Mack would have the most special birthday gift of her whole life — a multi-count Federal RICO indictment.
It was very considerate of the FBI agents to do all that legwork to document the litany of evil acts committed by Allison Mack over the last few years.
And the DOJ prosecutors worked diligently to draft a coherent narrative describing Allison Mack's life of crime.
All in time for Mack's birthday.
Drafting a RICO indictment is a lot harder than working as a pimp.
And what consideration did Allison Mack display towards the hard working men and women of the FBI and DOJ?
Absolutely none.
Allison Mack did not even send her benefactors a thank you note for the most unique birthday gift she has ever received.
A multi-count US RICO indictment alleging racketeering, wire fraud, extortion, sex trafficking and involuntary servitude.
Allison Mack's failure to thank the FBI and DOJ shows the world what an ingrate she is.
Wow did you send Allie a birthday card. You are one sick puppy. I got a feeling those that bark the loudest project the most.
The US government sent Allison Mack a 25 page birthday card in the form of a superseding indictment and Allison is still too stupid to get the message.
Is Clare Bronfman paying everyone's lawyers? says:
Since Allison Mack's parents had to put their house up as bond, Lauren Salzman grandparents had to put up money for bond, Nancy Salzman had to have a friend help her with her bond, Keith Raniere says he has no access and Kathy Russell didn't have two dimes to rub together and Clare Bronfman had to have outside help for her bond, who the heck is paying for all these lawyers?
My guess is Clare Bronfman is paying for them. How long can she do that if all her money gets tied up with finalizing her bond?
Maybe like Raniere has said, "It just appears". Magically, these lawyer fees get paid. Is it the tooth fairy? Is it an offshore account of laundried money?
It seems like a conflict of interest if Clare Bronfman is paying others legal bills. A threat to stop paying could prevent someone from cooperating with the authorities I would think. Could that be a form of witness intimation?
With so many lawyers, the billable hours have to be sky high each week so it brings into question how are their bills getting paid?
With the Feds having to bring in extra staff to go through all the materials they have in this case, it would make sense that the lawyers are having to do the same thing. Everytime a paralegal touches a paper, reads an email, has a phone conversation, goes to court/staff meeting – its a lot of cha-chings.
F.D.C. Willard says:
She had to put up a fund beforehand. So their expenses are covered for the foreseeable future. But let us be honest. She had been in a tough spot as she supported or even financed these actions. The only way to keep her former cultists loyal was the way the Mafia does it. Pay for the legal fees and take care of their families.
If she had let them down, they would prepare for a long time in jail and try to make a deal. As long as there is hope, they might not do it.
Lawyers are attracted to NXIVM the same way that flies are attracted to crap.
Good thing they sued others before, this means they know lots of attorneys.
Not Scott Johnson (@NotScottTexJohnson) says:
What brilliant insight! LOL
Thank you very much. LOL
That's pretty funny. You made me laugh. Oh, this contributes nothing to the conversation at hand. But still… LOL
Upon Further Review… Judge will decide on bail conditions for Clare in mid-August; home arrest, ankle monitor may be removed
Making connections to Arizona Mafia and Mexican Drug Cartels – | {
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Final Conference for the " Long-term patients IT skills" training project Riga Thursday 27. April.
Thursday 27. April the Center will be represented with a talk at the Final Conference for the " Long-term patients IT skills" training project.
The Center has been an active partner in the project. The Long-term patients IT skills" training project is a Health Promotion project where the main aim has been to develop long-distance IT skills training program for long term patients in Latvia. There has been five partner organizations – Vidzeme University – responsible for IT programm development, 4 NGOs that have worked with hospitals in Latvia and NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research.
The role of the NTNU Center for Health Promotion Research has been to provide consultations for Latvian Vidzeme University in their development of the training program and also in January 2015 to host and organize a 5 day study visit for Latvian partners to Norway.
The Center has also participated in 2 project meetings and one consultation meeting in Riga, and as a discussion partner of the project development during the whole 20 months period of it, starting from September 2014.
Four researcher represented the Center and the ARK Intervention program when the European Academy of Occupational Health Psychology arranged its 12th conference entitled "OHP in Times of Change: Society and the workplace" in Athen 11-13 April. Marit Christensen and Siw Tone Innstrand gave an oral presentation on new measure on work environment "The work environment and med – Development and test of the Trondheim Co-workership Scale (TCS)". Karoline Grødal gave an excellent lecture on the "Psychometric evaluation of the Norwegian version of the Work-SOC scale", and Eyvind Helland presented new results from the ARK project: "Does empowering leadership facilitate work engagement in higher education?". Altogether seven researchers were attending from NTNU represented as a common research group.
The abstracts should preferably be within the scope of health promotion in hospitals, communities, and implementation research.
Please note that the deadline for submission is the 1st of May 2016.
Geir Arild Espnes, Conference Chair.
The title of this year's forum is Next Society – reflecting the need for changes within the health systems around the world. Until now, health-promoting thinking has had little impact on the health system. However, health promotion may be an important part of the solution for these systems, in order to solve the health service challenges they face worldwide.
Knowledge about health promotion in the health services is scarce. Researchers and practitioners therefore need to meet to discuss theories, methods, practice and implementation of health promotion. The International Forum for Health Promotion Research is the place for this.
See you in Trondheim in late September.
The Center is present at the making of a new HP/Salutogenic research program at The National University of Singapore.
its origin in the Alice Lee Centre of Nursing Studies (ALCNS). | {
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Four Seasons Technologies
The GOP Tax Debts Follow Drug-Dealing Thompson Fundraiser
Indictments The GOP
Tax Debts Follow Drug-Dealing Thompson Fundraiser
Alex Constantine - November 5, 2007
Despite the vigorous pursuit of marijuana and cocaine profits, etc., according to court records, Thompson's fund-raiser has SERVED NO TIME. Do political connections explain this? From the Washington Post:
" ... Martin entered a plea of guilty to the sale of 11 pounds of marijuana in 1979; the court withheld judgment pending completion of his probation. He was charged in 1983 with violating his probation and with multiple counts of felony bookmaking, cocaine trafficking and conspiracy. He pleaded no contest to the cocaine-trafficking and conspiracy charges, which stemmed from a plan to sell $30,000 worth of the drug, and was continued on probation.
"Thompson's campaign said the candidate was not aware of the multiple criminal cases, for which Martin SERVED NO JAIL TIME. All are described in public court records. ... "
•••••••••••••
By BRIAN ROSS, ASA ESLOCKER and JUSTIN ROOD
ABC News/November 5, 2007
"I know Phil is a good man. He is my friend. He is going to remain my friend," said Thompson. Referring to Martin's criminal past, Thompson said he would not "throw my friend under the bus for something he did 25 years ago if he's okay now."
"On the other hand, I'm running for president," Thompson said. "I've got to do the right thing. Problems occur. I'll just have to figure it out."
Records show Martin had one IRS lien filed against him in 1995, and the state of Tennessee filed three against him in 2002. A clerk confirmed that those state tax liens have been satisfied. An IRS spokesman said privacy laws prohibited him from discussing whether Martin had repaid his debt to the federal government.
As of November, Hamilton County, Tenn. records show that four of Martin's former businesses owe a total of more than $940,000 in overdue taxes and interest to the county, with some debts dating back to 1999. Nearly $860,000 is owed by Soil Restoration, a firm Martin helped run, according to the Washington Post. Four Seasons Technologies, of which Martin was a vice chairman and part owner, owes $4,200. M & M Holdings, which the Washington Post confirmed Sunday was a Martin concern, owes more than $7,000. Alternative Fuels, LLC, a Martin business located at the same address and suite number as Four Seasons, owes more than $71,000.
More than a dozen states have also filed dozens of liens against Martin's former businesses.
As the storm of controversy gathers around him, Martin has a comfortable port in which to hunker down. In 2005, the businessman paid $2.4 million for a 7,600-square-foot mansion on Ono Island, in the Gulf Shore region of Alabama, real estate records show.
The five-bedroom, six-bathroom home features its own private beach and dock, a conference room, a wine room, a "spacious game/exercise area," an outdoor pool and an original Salvador Dali hanging above the entryway, according to 2006 profile of the home in Pensacola Home and Garden magazine.
Business associates are always very impressed by the home, Martin told the magazine.
"They get to take the elevator to the meeting room," which holds up to a dozen people, the magazine quoted Martin as saying. The house "suits my larger-than-life personality," Martin reportedly joked with the article's author.
The Internal Revenue Service has filed liens totaling roughly $250,000 against Martin's former businesses, according to public records, and state and local tax authorities from Kentucky, Texas, South Carolina, Ohio and elsewhere have filed liens against Martin or his former businesses for over $50,000 more.
Martin's criminal history grabbed headlines Sunday. Police files show Martin was convicted of or pleaded guilty to multiple felonies in the 1970s and 80s and started and folded dozens of businesses in the 1990s.
In recent years, Martin has also faced roughly a dozen lawsuits from furious investors who say they were burned in his failed ventures and are owed millions.
Martin's lawyer, John P. Konvalinka, told the Washington Post recently that "for a man engaged in 1,000 transactions a year, he doesn't have near the amount of litigation that some of my clients do."
Kate McCarthy contributed to this report.
Copyright © 2007 ABC News Internet Ventures
http://www.abcnews.go.com/print?id=3820598
'Wash Post': Fred Thompson Flying High With Convicted Drug Dealer
By E&P Staff
Published: November 04, 2007 12:15 AM ET
NEW YORK In a front-page report on Sunday for The Washington Post, Matthew Mosk reveals that one of the closest campaign associates of GOP presidential candidate Fred Thompson is a businessman who has a criminal record for drug dealing.
Philip Martin is one of four campaign co-chairmen.
"Thompson's frequent flights aboard Martin's twin-engine Cessna 560 Citation have saved him more than $100,000, because until the law changed in September, campaign-finance rules allowed presidential candidates to reimburse private jet owners for just a fraction of the true cost of flights," Mosk details.
"Martin entered a plea of guilty to the sale of 11 pounds of marijuana in 1979; the court withheld judgment pending completion of his probation. He was charged in 1983 with violating his probation and with multiple counts of felony bookmaking, cocaine trafficking and conspiracy. He pleaded no contest to the cocaine-trafficking and conspiracy charges, which stemmed from a plan to sell $30,000 worth of the drug, and was continued on probation.
"Thompson's campaign said the candidate was not aware of the multiple criminal cases, for which Martin served no jail time. All are described in public court records."
The full article is at www.washingtonpost.com.
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George Shultz, International Terrorist, Part One
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Opiate for the Mrs. – Cindy McCain's Prescription Drug Addiction | {
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Although it hasn't been getting awards thrown at it quite like its saloon cousin, the same can almost be said of the XK range. This 'R model shares the same 503bhp 5.0-litre Supercharged V8 as the XFR and also generates a bolster-bashing 461lb-ft of Torque at 5500rpm, although this time it is propelling a 1762kg mass. However for all the recognition that the XFR has acquired, the hot coupe has been sort of left hanging out of the limelight recently; unfair given how accomplished are its attempts to be the perfect GT, not to mention a big step forwards over its predecessor.
Gear changes come courtesy of Jaguar's 6-speed torque-converter autobox, with mode-select for the wheel mounted paddles coming from the ultra-trick rotary dial a la XF. Although these selectors feel a touch 'plasticky' for a 75-grand car, the clicking action is as smooth and tactile as anyone could ask for; imagine, let's say, a video game controller designed by Apple. The standard automatic setting is as intuitive and smart as you could reasonably expect of such a system, and although manually controlled shifts are obviously not DSG-quick, they are easily fast enough to please the pressing-on driver, yet not violent enough in normal modes to spill whatever it is that that an XKR owner would drink en-route to Cannes. I'd like to think it would be chocolate milk.
The car we tested was equipped with what Jaguar calls its 'Speed and Black Pack'; a £4000 option that manages to transform the elegant coupe to something that, visually at least, looks every inch the track-refugee. Thankfully the slightly-brash optional graphics weren't present on our test car, but with the de-chromed black detailing, chunky gloss wheels, huge red calipers and extra steroidal growths from what was already a muscular silhouette, this model certainly gets its message across. Is this 'extra' all talk and no substance though? Indeed not, as the Speed Pack also brings with it the benefit of a raised speed limiter that will allow 174mph to be reached (up from 155mph), and a re-profiled front splitter and rear spoiler, not to mention the addition of subtle skirts and a rear diffuser.
The handling and body control is perhaps the XKR's real forte, enabling it to be threaded along narrow lanes in a way that defies its GT size; the suspension soaking up anything in its path. In fact the resultant ride is eerily smooth whilst quite eye-opening progress can be made, as little physical effort is required of the driver, the chassis never feeling out of its depth controlling 461lb-ft.
A refreshingly uncomplicated 'Dynamic' button firms up the damping nicely but without becoming crashy; it also sharpens up the throttle response and gearshift to give satisfyingly quick reactions. There was one occasion when we noticed a section of repeat stutter-bumps that seemed to upset the car slightly mid-bend, yet it was mostly noise intrusion from dampers working their little socks off through an exceptionally nasty strip of UK blacktop.
You certainly know about it when the full force of that blown V8 is unleashed though; there is a suppressed whine from upfront and, combined with the clever exhaust bypass valve, you get all the exhaust-based noises that any red-blooded driver could desire with an extra dose of vicious induction. In fact, much like when you see cars on the motorway with carrier bags stuck to the front, you get the feeling that this manically-sucking blower could do the same, except sat stationary in Tesco's car park. Acceleration is hugely quick yet never violent, just comfortably allowing the Torque to gently pin you back against the leather; combined with the noise it is an intoxicating and addictive experience.
There are mild disappointments; the interior is undoubtedly a quality and luxurious place to reside, however I can't help but feel ever so slightly underwhelmed. Some features such as the black 'Suedecloth Premium Headlining' and mood lighting are pleasingly opulent, yet the inside as a whole almost doesn't quite seem as fitting as you'd expect for such a continent-crushing coupe. Apart from unexpectedly firm (but very comfortable) seats, the only initial hint as to the extra sporting pretence is in the form of the chosen 'dark mesh aluminium' trim that covers some interior surfaces; a finish and texture that seems a bit out of touch at this price level. Likewise some switchgear; although impeccably placed and efficient, they aren't going to start wars between rival fingertips if they don't get to fondle them.
Alas these are only minor quibbles, as there is plenty of equipment to keep you entertained; from the touch screen infotainment centre, to the ventilated cooled/heated front seats, 525W Bowers & Wilkins sound system, plus optional DAB radio and clever adaptive cruise control.
With a car like the XK, knowing confidently where it sits in the market is deceptive; both at a heart and head level. It is a perfect GT cruiser no doubt; but are the R's performance additions ever going to allow it to nibble away at more track-bred rivals? The Speed/Black upgrade packs as fitted are intended to add an extra element to the car's stats and visual clout, however when you see items like side graphics on the options sheet, you have to wonder if they are squaring up to road-racers like the 911 GT3.
With a product as accomplished as the XKR however, Jaguar don't need to be chasing buyers of such cars. This is not a racecar for the road, so it should sit happily where it is as a shockingly fast, beautifully serene and hugely capable GT. Where these visual and Top Trump tweaks are likely to hit the spot though is by drawing in younger buyers, as age becomes inconsequential when looking for a car with such a broad spectrum of abilities; the previous generation XKR most likely having passed under the radar of such folks.
Besides, Jaguar have just released an XKR '75' to deal with the GT3, leaving just Porsche's recently released 911 GTS as a logical rival. No mention of the Aston Martin V8 Vantage then? No, because without driving the two cars back to back it is impossible to draw judgement, and even then it would most likely be down to personal taste. The XKR should tempt many a buyer from the elegant Aston though, regardless of the fact that it starts at around £12,000 less. That's no mean feat, and should be award-worthy in itself.
bing . March 18, 2016 . | {
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In honor of Friday the 13th (Saturday) I know when this is released. But ten years ago we had to look at Friday the 13th reboot, did it actually hold potential or did it fail like 99.9% remakes do. What does the remake do better or worse from the classic 1980? | {
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Artist Paul Brent is perhaps best known for his coastal paintings. This lovely lighthouse in Biloxi is a wonderful canvas. Measures 9" x 12" on 14 mono Zweigart canvas. If you prefer 18 mesh, please let us know. We are happy to pull appropriate silk or wool thread colors to complete this unique canvas. Please contact us if you would like us to add the fibers of your choice. | {
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St Luke's Archaeology (SLA, a local archaeology group) has spent seven years of intensive research investigating all that has been written about Duston, including the Romano-British (RB) remains. The group has talked to eyewitnesses about water, finds, and walls uncovered to be hurriedly buried again. It has also walked the area at different times of the day and during different seasons. Due to the imminent development of the Sixfields site, further Northampton expansion, and the possibility of a road through what is believed to be the southern boundary of the Roman town, SLA have been forced to publicise their findings prematurely - three years ahead of schedule.
Above the flood plain of the Western arm of the River Nene, a Belgic tribe, the Catuvellauni, expanded into this area around AD25 and established a sprawling settlement along its south-facing slope, above the river. About 44AD, following the Roman invasion, SLA believes that a 25-acre legionary (vexillation) fortress may have been established.
A north-south road crosses the site (about 13° east of north), while another east-west one crosses above (about 10° south of east) to form a crossroads. Since these do not recognise the possible fortress, it is assumed that this only lasted briefly and little trace can remain. Earth embankments suggest that the town may have gravitated northwards to develop around the crossroads, then spread westwards towards the main villa sites in that direction. To the north, there is an RB cemetery, with a variety of burials including ritual pit shafts, cremations, inhumations. To the West, there is an Anglo Saxon cemetery surrounding an RB mausoleum where a lead coffin was found (1908/1903 discoveries).
Water is believed to have come into the town from the northwest, from the spring line at Duston (where 27 wells served the village in 1906, prior to mains supply). Open leats were observed by eyewitnesses, which ran continually. Furthermore, in 2003, surveyors advised SLA that the natural flow is west to east, probably to a point known as St James Spring. Later (around the 13th to 14th century) it is believed the Augustinian Monks of St James Abbey culvetted the water to their monastery, which they had done for both St James Spring and a well head source towards the adjacent parish of Dallington. St. James Abbey lies next to the RB town to the east and probably used the Roman town as a quarry for the foundations of their abbey, judging from the mix of stone seen in the excavations there recently.
The RB town, including the two cemeteries, has a possible area of 42 acres (17 hectares). Since the cemeteries were about 7-8 acres (RB) and perhaps 4-5 acres (Anglo-Saxon), that allows a township of about 30 acres (divide by 2.471 for hectares). The town appears to have lead an uneventful life from 44AD to conjecturally c540 AD (given the dating of objects found), perhaps acting as a local focus or small roman town (civitas) serving the numerous surrounding villa estates.
It is possible that the River Nene carried enough water to be navigable for shallow draught boats up to this point - even if this was subject to seasonal restrictions. The stone coffin of Barnack stone in the RB mausoleum may have been brought up river. There is a ford below the town, and the river valley would have been full of millions of tonnes of gravel in the Roman period. Intriguingly, the nearby village name of Kislingbury can be interpreted as 'the fort of the gravel dwellers', so the town may have been named after this geographical feature, although we have no record of an official name.
The site was, presumably abandoned c540 AD in the recorded plague period, with the possible development of Anglo-Saxon settlements in the areas of clean water, around nearby villa sites. Early churches may have been built on such sites. St Luke's Church, Duston is certainly a candidate, with the proximity of the east-west Roman road.
However, with all of the Roman routes out of the town for several hundred years, the nearby villages of Upton, Harpole, Duston and Dallington must also be possible candidates for Anglo-Saxon sites, (see 'The Roman Villa' by John Percival 1976, B.T. Batsford Ltd., 4 Fitzharding Street, London, W1H OAH). Given the loss of continuity of Romano-British names, something quite dramatic must have occurred at this final stage in the sixth centrury.
If the Sixfields site is developed without further research, important evidence and remains may be lost, and the full history of the area may never be known. St Luke's Archaeology (SLA) are asking local people to contact the council planners to support their appeal for an archaeological dig on the site. Write to The Town Planners at Northampton Borough Council, Cliftonville House, Bedford Road, Northampton, NN4 7NR.
This article was kindly contributed by St Luke's Archaeology (SLA).
Roman Road in Duston | {
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Your guide to the Phoenicians
Internationally respected merchants and traders, these ancient peoples left behind one very significant, long-lasting legacy
Who were the Phoenicians?
The Phoenicians were an ancient people who lived in what is now Lebanon (and some surrounding areas). They flourished from c1500 to c300 BC and were famed traders.
Where did the Phoenicians come from?
Ancient writers believed the Phoenicians had arrived from the Persian Gulf or the Indian Ocean, but modern evidence suggests the society developed c3000 BC out of the Canaanite people in the same region. The first Phoenician city, Byblos, dates back to around this time, but it would be more than 1,500 years before the other great Phoenician cities emerged.
Where was Phoenicia? Was it a country, or an empire?
Neither, in the way that we would understand it today. The Phoenicians were more like a confederation of independent city states, the best known of which were Byblos, Tyre, Sidon and Arwad.
The Phoenicians developed trading networks across the Mediterranean and, to support these, they established small colonies along the coasts of Europe and North Africa – reaching as far west as modern-day Spain. One Phoenician colony, Carthage (in what is now Tunisia), ended up becoming a major power in its own right.
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Where did the name 'Phoenicians' come from?
It was coined by the ancient Greeks. A popular theory is that the name derived from the Greek word for the colour of an expensive purple dye that the Phoenicians extracted from sea snails. The Phoenicians would not have referred to themselves by this name, and the term they used is not known.
Timeline: the evolution of ancient empires
Why did the Phoenicians focus so extensively on trade?
It was probably because of the geography of their lands. The region was not suited to farming, but had a long Mediterranean coast as well as cedar forests – a wood prized across the ancient world. So trading made good economic sense and, as the centuries progressed, they became highly skilled at it. They were renowned for the speed of their ships, their genius for navigation and their craftsmanship. The Phoenicians traded all manner of things including linen, wine, spices, slaves and, of course, cedar wood.
How did the Phoenicians relate to the other ancient civilisations of their day?
Much of what we now know about the Phoenicians is based on the reports of other peoples who encountered them, including the Egyptians, the Greeks and the Israelites. As well as trading with these civilisations, the Phoenicians often lived under the domination of the more powerful ones, beginning with ancient Egypt. Some of these overlords allowed the Phoenicians to operate relatively freely, valuing their trading and communication networks.
One ruler who went to war against the Phoenicians, however, was the Macedonian king Alexander the Great. In 332 BC, he captured the Phoenician city of Tyre and put thousands of its inhabitants to the sword, selling tens of thousands more into slavery. Nearly 200 years later, Rome crushed the great Phoenician outpost of Carthage and by 64 BC the Phoenician city states had all been incorporated into the Roman Empire.
How Hannibal beat the Alps but couldn't beat Rome
Robin Lane Fox explains how the classical general, famed for his crossing of the Alps, was defeated because he couldn't fulfil his promise of liberation from Rome…
What was the Phoenicians' greatest legacy?
It was undoubtedly their alphabet. Created c1000 BC, the Phoenician writing system of 22 letters was in itself not very revolutionary. In fact, it was really only a modification of similar alphabets that already existed in the region.
Yet, because they were traders, the Phoenicians spread their alphabet all over the Mediterranean region and introduced it to people of many different civilisations. It soon became a valuable tool for international commerce and was almost certainly the source of the Greek alphabet, which later inspired the one that most Western languages – including English – use today.
This content first appeared in the May 2015 issue of BBC History Revealed
Rob Attar is the editor of BBC History Magazine
Your guide to...
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How much of the legend of Troy is real?
Where is Alexander the Great buried? And other questions about his death…
The Persian empire: myth vs reality | {
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Which Weight Loss Strategies Really Work?
June 1, 2018 | Weight Management
Expert weighs in on popular weight loss techniques
Paleo, Keto, Atkins or the Zone. Low-carb versus low-fat. With dozens of diets to pick from, how do you find the one that's best for you?
Scripps Clinic endocrinologist Ken Fujioka, MD, says that for most, simply cutting calories will work. That sounds easy, but your genetics, metabolism and any number of medical problems can affect the results, and your body will adapt to fight weight loss, so you'll have to work harder to sustain it over time.
There are also a few commonly held beliefs about weight loss that can derail your efforts. Here, Dr. Fujioka debunks seven common diet misconceptions that may be keeping you from slimming down.
1. It's not just calories in versus calories out
Cutting calories down to 1,200 to 1,300 for women and 1,500 to 1,800 for men will help you shed 5 to 10 percent of your body weight. However, beyond that, the body lowers your metabolism by 30 calories for every two pounds you lose. That means you'll have to keep cutting calories.
Contrary to popular belief, it's OK to drop below 1,000 calories, although your body won't like it. "When you get down to those lower calories, the body starts adjusting hormones to make you think about food constantly," says Dr. Fujioka.
2. Weight loss takes more than cardio
Exercise is crucial for long-term weight loss, but "the best exercise is actually not just cardio or weights, it's both," Dr. Fujioka says.
He recommends setting aside three to five hours a week for exercise and upping the intensity for better results. Experts have traditionally said that exercising at around 65 percent of your maximum heart rate is best, but actually about 85 percent is most effective.
3. Your metabolism works fine when you fast
When you fast, you use up all your glycogen — aka sugar storage — which then forces your body to start burning fat. Fasting for as little as one to three days a week (every other day) can get the body into fat-burning mode during that fasting period. "It turns out fasting is a reasonable way to lose weight," Dr. Fujioka says.
4. It takes more than cutting carbs to lose weight
Dr. Fujioka says 50 to 55 grams of carbs a day is fine for getting into ketosis. "That means you can have some vegetables; you might even be able to have a piece of fruit."
But calories matter, too. If you eat a lot, this won't work quite as well. The ketones produced during this type of fat-burning are also a diuretic, so you're going to lose electrolytes. Take a multivitamin, and talk to your doctor, as you may need supplemental potassium or magnesium.
5. Nutritional supplements don't work for weight loss
Caffeine and caffeine derivatives may aid in burning fatty acids, though. "The easiest thing is to drink coffee or tea," Dr. Fujioka says.
Upping your water intake to increase weight loss is also a myth — kind of. Just drinking more water throughout the day may not help weight loss, but drinking 2 cups of water 30 minutes before a meal may increase weight loss by 1 to 2 percent. Drinking that extra water ahead of time will also help you feel full sooner.
6. Not everything is OK in moderation
Avoid high-fructose corn syrup. It causes your blood sugar to spike more than other sugars, and appears to trigger a signal that the body needs to store fat. Fruit juice is also a no-go. It has too many calories, and juice causes the body to release more insulin than the same amount of whole fruit.
Although its safety has been debated in recent years, artificial sweetener seems to be OK. "We used to say that if you eat artificial sweeteners your brain will figure it out and later on you'll overeat," Dr. Fujioka says. "It turns out that does not happen."
7. A genetics-based diet won't be a miracle cure
"It's clearly the future," Dr. Fujioka says, but the science isn't quite there yet. Out of about 30 to 60 candidate genes, researchers have only been able to figure out two.
"It's not ready for prime time yet. There are just too many genes that we need to look at," says Dr. Fujioka. "Once we get them all categorized and know which diet works with which, this is going to be great."
With so many diets out there, it can be overwhelming. But the most important thing is finding something.
This content appeared in San Diego Health, a publication in partnership between Scripps and San Diego Magazine that celebrates the healthy spirit of San Diego.
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Frank Lloyd Wright - Chicago Architect of Excellence
By Alice Lane
No other single person transformed twentieth century Chicagoland hospital architecture more than did Frank Lloyd Wright, who was unquestionably the most famous architect in America. Born in Wisconsin, Wright had no formal training in architecture before he came to Chicago in 1887. He obtained employment in the office of architect Joseph Lyman Silsbee as a draftsman, but it was Louis H. Sullivan who mentored him and taught him to view architecture as a creative balance between the function and environment of a structure rather than merely accepting traditional architectural conventions and precedents.
Frank Lloyd Wright opened his own architectural firm in 1893 in the Chicago south suburbs healthcare area of Oak Park. Many of his employees went on to major architectural careers, including Barry Byrne, William Drummond, Marion Mahoney, and Walter Burley Griffin. Wright's early twentieth century residential plans, which came to be known as the Prairie Style, represented a new approach to architecture which resists categorization. At a time when the typical American home was designed with rectangles upon rectangles, Wright's homes were human-scaled and flowing reflecting ideal conditions for living rather than rigid boxes within boxes. Prairie style architecture was conceived as modern architecture for a democratic American society. Distinguishing features of the Prairie style include horizontal proportions with flat stucco or brick walls, often outlined by strips of wood in contrasting colors; abstract, geometrically ornamental windows; and gable or hip roofs with widely overhanging eaves.
Because the Prairie style originated in Chicago, there are many examples in the Chicago metropolitan area, particularly in Beverly, Hyde Park, and Rogers Park. Some of Wright's early Prairie style homes, including the Coonley House in Riverside Illinois and the Robie House, have become major monuments in architectural history. Wright also experimented with innovative affordable housing, such as American System-built Houses and the Waller Apartments. In total, Frank Lloyd Wright designed over three hundred buildings, with over a hundred in the Chicagoland healthcare area alone.
For example, the Charnley House located at 1365 North Astor St. was built in 1891 as a collaboration of two world-renowned architects, Louis Sullivan and Frank Lloyd Wright. This structure, built for Chicago lumber dealer James Charley, exhibits the massive geometry and detailing of Louis Sullivan together with an early hint of Wright's Prairie style design and planning. It is an urban townhouse which takes maximum advantage of a small city lot. Wright later called it the first modern house and it was designated a Chicago Landmark in 1972. The Roloson Houses at 3213-3219 South Calumet Ave. were built in 1894 and are the only row houses which Wright designed which were actually built. The facades show the steeply-pitched rectangular and triangular bands of windows which characterize English Tudor Revival architectural style.
These row houses were designed by Wright shortly after he left Louis Sullivan's firm and thus show many Sullivan influences, such as the terra-cotta ornamentation, reminiscent of Louis Sullivan's style which embellishes the spandrel between the top two floors. They were designated a Chicago landmark in 1979. The Walser House at 42 North Central Ave. was built in 1903, and it represents one of the best of Wright's experiments with inexpensive residential design. Although located on a narrow city lot, this house possesses all of the characteristics of Wright's mature Prairie style including horizontal emphasis which results from the deep roof eaves and the bands of windows, straightforward employment of simple materials, and a spacious but functional open interior plan. It was designated a Chicago landmark in 1984.
From its origins in Chicagoland healthcare, Frank Lloyd Wright's influence and his Prairie style spread to a world-wide architectural movement. Chicagoland hospital is just one of over a hundred buildings in the Chicago area which attest to Frank Lloyd Wright's innovative genius.
http://www.riversidehealthcare.org/
Gambar Rumah Mewah Minimalis 2 Lantai | {
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They noticed a poor pitiful kitten nearly dead. If they were just a few moments later, it might have been too late, but thank God they arrived just in time to save this kittens life!
After some unselfish loving kindness thanks to these kind humans, this poor kitten went from a horrible state of sadness to the most amazing transformation ever… It's truly amazing!
Kindness like this is remarkable, we need more people like this—SHARE this amazing rescue story with your friends! | {
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WSJ: Mickey D's Threatens to Cut Health Insurance for Hourly Workers Thanks to ObamaCare
Another victory for Big Government Meddling in health insurance:
McDonald's Corp may cut health insurance for its nearly 30,000 hourly workers unless U.S. regulators waive a requirement of new health care legislation championed by President Barack Obama, The Wall Street Journal reported, citing a company memo.
The restaurant chain is at odds over the new law's stipulation that so-called "mini-med" insurance plans spend at least 80 percent of premium revenue on medical care, the newspaper said on its website on Wednesday.
McDonald's told federal regulators in the memo that it would be "economically prohibitive" for its insurance carrier to continue to cover hourly workers unless it receives a waiver to the 80 percent minimum requirement, the Journal reported.
Federal officials say there is no guarantee a waiver will be granted, it said.
The linked story says McDonald's has told Reuters they won't be dropping the coverage. I find that internal memos are generally far less accurate than statements to the press, don't you?
Between that and Barack Obama's assurance that nobody will lose their health insurance because of ObamaCare, McDonald's workers can rest easy.
Castle Will Not Wage Write-In Campaign — Plus, Catch the O'Donnell LinkedIn Imposter!!!
The tidbit about Castle appears in this AP article about the LinkedIn profile that had erroneous claims about her educational background.
Since O'Donnell says the LinkedIn page was not created by her, or anyone acting at her direction, it's time we uncovered the imposter. Someone has gone to great lengths to build a lengthy, mostly accurate profile of Ms. O'Donnell, which included subtle puffery about her educational background. Assuming this person is not Ms. O'Donnell, this is a clever plot, as it feeds into the narrative that she has previously fibbed about her education. If we take Ms. O'Donnell at her word, then whoever perpetrated this travesty is likely an identity thief out to destroy Ms. O'Donnell's reputation. I assume we all agree that this person must be exposed.
How the imposter got O'Donnell's spokespeople to initially react as though the profile was hers, I'm not sure. It just goes to show that his or her access to Ms. O'Donnell may be more intimate than anyone imagines.
Meanwhile, O'Donnell's imposter had 84 connections on her LinkedIn page (which has now been deleted — but don't worry, there are screengrabs all over the Internet and the cache is still alive here). Perhaps one of those people managed to communicate with the imposter. These communications might reveal something about the imposter's identity.
LinkedIn should cooperate with authorities and release the information that would identify the perpetrator (such as the e-mail address used).
This all assumes, of course, that O'Donnell will be proactive in helping to expose the wrongdoer. And why wouldn't she be? If they will do this to her, why stop with this?
I assume O'Donnell has filed or will file a police report alleging some form of identity theft. Let me know when you hear that has happened.
Meg Whitman's Former Maid: I Worked for Whitman While Illegal and She Knew It (Oh — And Fired Me When She Found Out)
Allahpundit has the rundown, keeping track of the details so I don't have to.
Slimeball Portrays Opponent's Quote As the Opposite of What It Was
Filed under: General — Patterico @ 8:30 am
This is why people hate politicians.
Well, this plus the whole ruining our country thing.
Needed: An Initiative to Get the Death Penalty Working Again
Filed under: Court Decisions,Crime,General — Patterico @ 7:24 am
As I noted last night, a Clinton-appointed judge named Jeremy Fogel has granted a stay of execution in the case of a man convicted of raping and killing a 15-year-old child in 1980. There is no denying he is guilty. Yet his execution will be held up until at least next year so that the judge can "conduct an orderly review" of a new execution protocol that the judge admits has not been shown to be deficient — and that the judge admits is superior in several demonstrable ways to a Kentucky protocol found constitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court.
The decision points up the need to have different methods of execution available to a condemned man in California, so that illusory deficiencies in one method will not hold up the execution of a clearly guilty man who has committed a monstrous crime.
As I see it, realistic possibilities include:
Firing squad. To my knowledge, the firing squad has never been held unconstitutional anywhere. Several bullets to the head should produce a rapid and certain death.
Gas chamber retrofitted with carbon monoxide. As far as I know, California's gas chamber, which formerly used cyanide, is still around and functioning. Death by cyanide was improbably ruled unconstitutional by Carter appointee Judge Marilyn Hall Patel in the 1990s. Her decision was affirmed by the Ninth Circus in a decision written by Carter appointee Harry Pregerson, and not appealed. But there is absolutely no reason we can't retofit the chamber to use a non-painful gas such as carbon monoxide.
Overdose of barbiturates. Even our friend the liberal judge Fogel claims that this would be constitutional. Of course, there are issues: there is currently a nationwide shortage of the drug we used to sedate prisoners, and it could be discontinued almost entirely. Furthermore, the method found hunky-dory today will be declared horribly cruel tomorrow. Best to have several alternatives on the table.
This will have to be done by initiative. Our Democrat legislature will not vote to authorize new methods of capital punishment. Nor would any any such law be signed by Jerry Brown if were to be elected Governor. (I will have more to say about the conduct of the Attorney General in this case in a future post. Suffice it to say that he has not defended capital punishment in California as he claims he has.)
What we need is someone to bankroll an initiative authorizing these alternatives. Commenter Dana notes that a poll conducted this summer (.pdf) found that 7 in 10 Californians continue to support capital punishment. Citizens don't want to see it used in every case, but they want it available for the worst of the worst. Over 700 such people currently sit on Death Row. If we don't fix the situation they will all die of old age.
Albert Greenwood Brown raped 15-year-old Susan Jordan and strangled her to death with one of her shoelaces. The courts say he can't suffer too much pain when he dies. That's outrageous enough — but letting him live is more ridiculous. Let's do what it takes to dispatch this fellow to the fate he deserves. | {
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Meal Ticket
Two-time Olympian Hunter Kemper credits an improved diet for his sudden rise to the top of the world rankings
Bill Syken
You know that Enormous Omelet Sandwich that Burger King came out with a couple of months ago? The one with a sausage patty, two eggs, two slices of cheese, three strips of bacon--and 760 calories and 50 grams of fat? The one that has been decried as a siren song to an already obese nation? Two-time Olympic triathlete Hunter Kemper has had an eye on it. "I haven't tried one of those, but I'm dying to," he says. "That is totally my style."
For now, however, the Enormous Omelet is nothing more than a mouthwatering fantasy for Kemper, and that may explain why after years of being very good, he has moved to his sport's highest level. Kemper, who finished 17th at the 2000 Sydney Games and ninth last year in Athens, has gotten off to such a fast start in '05 that he has become the first American man to be No. 1 in the world since the International Triathlon Union (ITU) began its world rankings, in 1991.
Kemper opened his season on April 16 with a second-place finish at the ITU Honolulu Triathlon World Cup. He came back the next week and won in Mazatlan, Mexico. That victory moved Kemper, who finished sixth in the world last year, to the top spot. He solidified his hold on that position with a runner-up finish in a World Cup race in Japan on May 15. Kemper hadn't planned to enter the event in Japan, but when he saw that he had started the season in better shape than the rest of the field, he booked the flight. "I was going there trying to keep the ball rolling," he says. It continues to roll: On May 22 he logged another win, in a race in Tempe, Ariz.
Kemper has no simple explanation for his fast start. His regimen during the January-March off-season was the same one he has always followed: He trained in all three events on most days, and in an average week he swam 30,000 meters (about 19 miles), biked 250 miles and ran 65 to 70 miles. The one meaningful change he has made over the past year, though, involves his diet. Once a junk-food fanatic, he's trying to eat healthfully. Mark Fretta, a triathlete on the U.S. team, has been friends with Kemper since 2001, when the two lived across the hall from each other in a dorm at the U.S. Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs. Fretta recalls that Kemper would top off nearly every cafeteria dinner with a Butterfinger milk shake. Kemper began to change his diet two years ago, when he married Val Sterk, a former national-team volleyball player. "I know they don't have the milk shake machine at their house," Fretta says.
Kemper started getting serious about his diet during the run-up to the Athens Olympics. He has cut back on Krispy Kreme doughnuts--which were served at his wedding--and fast-food hamburgers. His new diet includes fruit smoothies and, for the first time in his life, salads. "I still occasionally go out and have a burger or some Mountain Dew, but I'm trying to be more focused on eating to fuel my body," he says.
World Cup triathlons are contested at the Olympic distance--competitors swim 1,500 meters, bike 40 kilometers (24.8 miles) and run 10 kilometers (6.2 miles)--and should not be confused with Ironman events. The famous Ironman Triathlon World Championship, held each October in Hawaii, consists of a 2.4-mile swim, a 112-mile bike ride and a 26.2-mile run.
Kemper says he might compete in Ironman events someday, but he has no interest in them now because training for longer distances sounds boring. He's also focused on a bigger prize. Kemper will be 32 in 2008, and the Beijing Games will be his last shot at a medal. "I haven't accomplished enough in the Olympic distance to really feel satisfied yet," he says. "Winning the gold medal is still a goal. I'm still hungry for that." Which means the Enormous Omelet Sandwiches will have to wait.
Leading Women
Hunter Kemper may be the first male U.S. triathlete to hold the ITU's top ranking, but U.S. women have ended a year No. 1 on six occasions. Why have men lagged behind? Through the early '90s top male triathletes were more likely to focus on the longer-distance Ironman events. But then intermediate-distance triathlons were added to the Olympics for the 2000 Games, and prize money for those races went up. Suddenly the intermediate distance didn't look so bad. Here are the U.S. women who have claimed the ITU's top ranking at the end of a season.
1991 Karen Smyers 1992 Melissa Mantak
2001 Siri Lindley
2003 Barb Lindquist
COLOR PHOTO
DENISE BOYNTON/ADRENALINE PHOTOS
Kemper, who has won twice this year, is gearing up for the 2008 Beijing Games.
JEFF FUENTEBELLA (INSET)
[See caption above.] | {
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2022 is an Extremely Wet Year for Australia, coming out of a back-to-back La Niña in the summer of 2021-22, a Negative Indian Ocean Dipole developing over the winter and a third back-to-back La Niña in the Spring of 2022.
Monthly Records
January
Rainfall Nation-wide in January 2022 was 30% higher than average, the 4th highest on record for South Australia and the 7th Highest for Victoria (Australia).
Ex-Tropical Cyclone Seth bought over 400mm of Rain to the hills outside Gympie, with 674mm falling in Marodian, Queensland.
Cyclone Tiffany (2022) bought heavy rain to Far North Queensland, crossing the Gulf of Carpentaria and moving inland of Western Australia, bringing heavy rain to the Outback, inland WA, Southern NT, and South Australia, isolating many communities.
February
More information; see: 2022 eastern Australia floods
A blocking high at the end of the month brought record breaking rain for Eastern Australia.
677mm fell in Brisbane in 3 days from the 28th breaking the old 3 day rainfall record of 600.4mm in 1974 Brisbane recorded its highest February rainfall on record recording 887mm. Cities such as Toowoomba and the Sunshine Coast had their monthly record broken and Gympie recording their wettest February in 30 years.
On the 28th, 701.8mm fell in Rosebank, being the wettest day recorded for NSW since 1954 and the highest in the Nation since 1998, the third highest in the state.
March
March Rainfall was 74% above average for NSW, and 35% above average for Victoria however overall rain was 27% below average for Australia.
A large number of sites in NSW recorded their wettest March on record, in Greater Sydney, Illawarra, Northern Rivers and the Mid North Coast saw numerous daily records and monthly records broken. With totals in excess of 1000mm being recorded.
Sydney broke its all time March record with 537mm falling throughout the month, breaking the old record of 521.4mm set in 1942.
April
Rainfall was 27% above average nation-wide. the 9th highest on record for both NSW and QLD. Rainfall was above average, especially for the South Coast, Central and Western NSW. parts of Upper Western Queensland experienced their wettest April on record.
May
May rainfall was 40% above average for Australia.
A cold front and low pressure system crossed Tasmania at the start of the Month seeing record daily rainfalls for May. Many stations saw rainfall daily records along the East Coast of QLD and the Pilbara. Heavy Rain fell over large parts of Queensland with totals from 150mm - 300mm were common. An upper level cloud-band embedded with thunderstorms brought record breaking rain to the Pilbara with towns such as Onslow, Western Australia and Mardie, Western Australia breaking their May rainfall record, 310.4mm and 268.8mm being received.
Queensland recorded its fifth-wettest May on Record with being 145.8% above average, numerous stations recorded their wettest May on Record. Eumundi, Queensland receiving 645.4mm.
Hobart saw its wettest May on record recording 133.4mm and seeing its wettest May day on record also.
June
June was drier than Average for large parts of the Country, NSW experiencing its 8th driest June. Northern Territory's rainfall was above average and several stations broke June records. Large parts of the NT experience a Dry season during this time so above average rainfalls do not have to be significant.
July
More information; see: 2022 New South Wales floods
An Australian east coast low affected NSW during the start of the month, bringing torrential rain to South Coast, Illawarra, Greater Sydney, Mid North Coast and the Hunter Region. With Numerous records being broken. Daily Records were smashed in many stations, Taree breaking their all-time daily record receiving 305mm on the 7th. Darkes Forest, New South Wales broke a 122-year-old record receiving 875mm. Cities such as Katoomba, Central Coast, and Campbelltown saw their July Rainfall Records Broken. Sydney received 8 months of rain in 4 days. Sydney recorded 344.2mm for July.
A number of Stations in QLD broke their July Records, such as Kuranda, Queensland receiving 231.1mm
August
Numerous Cold Fronts swept across Southern Australia. Parts of Southern and Central NSW recorded their wettest August on record, Parkes, New South Wales saw 95.8mm and Thredbo, New South Wales recorded 424.8mm. Canberra recorded its highest daily rainfall on the 5th, recording 54.8mm.
Sydney reached 2000mm in record time on the 31st August
September
September was the fifth-highest on record for Australia. With out of season heavy rain affected North West WA and Tropical moisture being brought down to the southern states through a large cloud band causing heavy rain and storms and an offshore low pressure system brought heavy rain to North East NSW and South East Queensland.
On the 3rd of September, a low pressure system crossed the Gascoyne, WA and 15% of the state experienced its highest September daily rainfall on record. Towns such as Meekatharra, Western Australia broke its September rain record receiving 56.4mm. Large parts of the Pilbara and Gascoyne experienced the wettest September on record.
Much of Victoria's north experienced above average rainfall, with sites having their highest September rainfall on record. Ultima, Victoria received 155mm, its highest on record for September. other towns that experienced record rain are Swan Hill and Combienbar.
NSW recorded its 5th highest September rainfall on record, with the Lower Western, Central West, Northern Tablelands, Mid North Coast and Northern Rivers all experiencing above average rainfall. Many sites had their highest September rainfall on record. Tamworth, experienced its wettest September on recording 145.2mm. Other towns that broke the September rainfall records include: Pilliga, Barraba, Narrabri and Murwillumbah.
October
More Information; See: 2022 south eastern Australia floods
The beginning of October saw Sydney break its all time yearly record recording 2,199.8mm on the 6th of October. Beating the all time annual high set in 1950 of 2194mm. Every new rain total will result in the record being broken.
Canberra broke its all time October record on the 27th of October, beating the 1976 record of 161mm.
Heavy rainfall affected large parts of Victoria and Tasmania, heavy rain continued through NSW throughout the Month.
as of 29th October, towns in North NSW have seen their wettest October on record, Moree, Narrabri, Armidale, Gunnedah and Tamworth.
Many towns across victoria have seen their wettest October on record such as Echuca, Bendigo and Shepparton.
Sydney has broken its all time October record on the 24th receiving 286.8mm.
See also
Weather of 2022
1950 Australian rainfall records
Floods in Australia
References
Weather records | {
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Q: Adding lines and spaces with \addtocontents{toc} without \addtocontents{ptc} I have a follow-up question to this one:
Want \addtocontents{toc} without \addtocontents{ptc}
I use the titletoc package and want to add vertical spaces and a line in the table of contents, but NOT in the partial TOC. However, the lines and spaces do appear in all partial TOCs as marked in red in the picture below. The solution in the linked question did not work for me, because I want to add an object and not a section.
Does anybody know how to circumvent this?
Here is my MWE:
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{titletoc}
\begin{document}
\tableofcontents
\section{Section1}
Here the text of the document begins with Section 1.
\section{Section2}
\startcontents % Want partial TOC for Section2
\printcontents{}{1}{}
Here is the text of Section 2.
\subsection{Subsection2.1}
Here is the text of the first Subsection.
\subsection{Subsection2.2}
Here is the text of the second Subsection.
\stopcontents %Stop the contents for partial TOC
% For some reason I want a line and spaces ONLY in the MAIN TOC, not in the partial TOC
\addtocontents{toc}{\protect\addvspace{10pt} \protect{\hrule height 1.2pt} \protect\addvspace{10pt}}
\section{Section3}
\startcontents % Want partial TOC for Section3
\printcontents{}{1}{}
Here is the text of Section 3.
\subsection{Subsection3.1}
Here is the text of the first Subsection.
\subsection{Subsection3.2}
Here is the text of the second Subsection.
\stopcontents %Stop the contents for partial TOC
\end{document}
A: Here is a solution. The idea is to add \addtocontents{toc}{\protect\myruleandspace} were \myruleandspace is defined with
\newcommand{\myruleandspace}{\addvspace{10pt} \hrule height 1.2pt \addvspace{10pt}}
\tableofcontents
\renewcommand{\myruleandspace}{}
MWE
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{titletoc}
\begin{document}
\newcommand{\myruleandspace}{\addvspace{10pt} \hrule height 1.2pt \addvspace{10pt}}
\tableofcontents
\renewcommand{\myruleandspace}{}
\section{Section1}
Here the text of the document begins with Section 1.
\section{Section2}
\startcontents % Want partial TOC for Section2
\printcontents{}{1}{}
Here is the text of Section 2.
\subsection{Subsection2.1}
Here is the text of the first Subsection.
\subsection{Subsection2.2}
Here is the text of the second Subsection.
\stopcontents %Stop the contents for partial TOC
% For some reason I want a line and spaces ONLY in the MAIN TOC, not in the partial TOC
\addtocontents{toc}{\protect\myruleandspace}
\section{Section3}
\startcontents % Want partial TOC for Section3
\printcontents{}{1}{}
Here is the text of Section 3.
\subsection{Subsection3.1}
Here is the text of the first Subsection.
\subsection{Subsection3.2}
Here is the text of the second Subsection.
\stopcontents %Stop the contents for partial TOC
\end{document}
| {
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Learn to use the academic tools available to you, such as the College of Arts and Sciences Bulletin, the American Studies Major Guide, the degree map for your major, and your Academic Advisement Report, and complementary tools like the B.A. Degree Planning Worksheet.
Try to meet with your academic advisor at least once each semester to review your academic plan and identify your course options for the next semester.
We encourage you to keep in touch with your academic advisor throughout the year. Work closely with your advisor to learn how to navigate the university, stay on track to complete your degree, and develop the skills, knowledge, and experience necessary for long-term success after graduation.
Want to learn more about coursework? | {
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Religious Education is taught within every year group throughout the school. As a church school there is an emphasis on Christianity, so that children learn to understand the faith whose principles underpin the school. Religious Education is taught in accordance with the Peterborough Agreed Syllabus.
Christianity and other religions or belief systems as represented in the school and local area.
Christianity + Judaism and Sikhism.
Acquire and develop knowledge and understanding of Christianity and the other principal religions represented in the United Kingdom.
Develop an understanding of the influence of beliefs, values and traditions of individuals, communities, societies and cultures.
Develop positive attitudes of respect towards other people who hold views and beliefs different from their own; living in a society of diverse religions.
Develop the ability to make reasoned and informed judgements about religious issues, with reference to the teachings of the principal religions represented in Peterborough and the United Kingdom.
Enhance their spiritual, moral, social and cultural development by developing awareness of the fundamental questions raised by human experiences and of how religious teachings can relate to them.
Responding to such questions with reference to the teachings and practices of religions and other belief systems, relating them to their own understanding and experience.
Reflecting on their own beliefs, values and experiences in the light of their study.
Religious education enables children to reflect on human relationships, the wider world and the vision of the divine with characteristics such as courage, hope, belonging, caring for others, forgiveness, humility, morality, wholeness, service and love, so that they can face all the sufferings, challenges and opportunities of human life. | {
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If eyes are windows to the soul, then logos are surely a window to a brand. Now is your turn to nominate the best logo of Hong Kong! Use the form below to submit your nomination. The only criteria is the logo must be used by a Hong Kong company.
Submit your nominations now (before December 1, 2014) and a panel of judges will pick their favorites to feature in the next issue of Jumpstart Magazine. | {
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Our curriculum is a whole school approach centred on carefully selected quality texts. We always focus on raising standards in reading, writing and maths.
We start the year with a focus on character and setting. Children study different texts looking at characters and settings within the story. Our book corners are based on these texts and the book corner competition is the highlight for many children and staff.
We focus on a range of fiction and non-fiction texts. Children from all year groups then contribute to the School Newspaper which gets professionally published and sold to raise money for the Richard House Charity appeal.
"If music be the food of life…Play on" It's all about Shakespeare in the third term of the year. Children enjoy workshops performed by Shakespeare for Kids and even visit the famous Globe Theatre for a Shakespearian treat.
This short term is dedicated to Discovery Month. Each year group focusses on a particular country and we learn all about the history and geography as well as the cultures and traditions of that country.
A River Runs Through It! This is our River Project Term. Each class takes part in activities based around life and industry on the River Thames. This topic includes Boat Trips, Fieldwork Studies and a hugely popular Boat-making competition!
At Star we always promote our key principles and strive at all times to develop every aspect of every pupil. As well as out Creative Curriculum, we also have a robust outdoor curriculum. From our own Nursery Woodland to Camping in Year 3, Visiting York in Year 4 and Spending a week in the Lake District in Year 6. | {
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Philadelphia is a great city for coffee snobs. As the home of local companies like Rival Bros and nationally renowned (and super strong) retailers La Colombe, the city is a great place to be if you're picky about your single origin blends, can actually discern the different "notes" in a unique brew, or need everything all–organic, all fair–trade, all–the–time; there are few better places to engage in debate over where to find the best coffee.
Having said that, I'm a little ashamed to admit the truth: all coffee tastes the same to me. I am a coffee pleb. Sure, I like coffee fine—especially with a bunch of sugar, or when it's 2 a.m. and I'm still in the VP basement—but in the interest of full disclosure, I can't really tell the difference between Kenyan and Ethiopian or cortado and macchiato and all of the other names I can barely pronounce. If you asked me what the best espresso in town was, I honestly couldn't tell you.
Menagerie Coffee, located just a short walk from the Market Frankford Line's 2nd Street Stop, has a stylish, modern coffee shop interior, with brick walls, wooden floors, and clean white counters. At the tables inside, you're as likely to see a professional typing away on their laptop, a bookworm enjoying a novel, or some neighborhood kids hanging out. That's not to say that Menagerie's vibe is stuffy—far from it. Local art hangs on the walls and the window offers picturesque views of Old City, making this spot a charming and classic choice.
Location: 18 S 3rd St.
Mon–Fri 7 a.m.–7 p.m.; Sat–Sun 8 a.m.–7 p.m.
Another Old City stop a couple of blocks away, Cafe Ole might as well be a different world. You can spot the shop by the colorful tile mural on the side of the store, and once you step inside, the interior is just as vibrant. Along with coffee drinks and tea, they have a menu of Mediterranean inspired dishes you can enjoy while listening to a soundtrack of foreign music (which I'm pretty sure is Spanish, but if you're smarter and better at language than me, check and let me know) that will make you feel like you just landed somewhere far away from Philadelphia. The only downside is that the WiFi can be iffy, but you can always ask one of the cute baristas to reset it for you.
Location: 147 N 3rd St.
Sun: 8:30 a.m. – 7 p.m.
We know that Northern Liberties gets a lot of hype (and a lot of flak), but its popular because it's full of great spots—and One Shot Cafe might be one of the best. When you walk in, the lower level is usually crowded with locals grabbing food from the brunch menu. Take our advice; place your order and head up the stairs—the upper level is full of tables to work at, complete with lots of outlets, an antique motorcycle, and a stunning study area and library. It won't make studying any less stressful, but at least you can motivate yourself to work hard, maybe find some interior design inspiration for your future mansion.
Location: 217 W George St.
Tues–Sun: 7 a.m. – 5 p.m.
Mon: 7 a.m. – 5:30 p.m.
Nestled in Washington Square West, a few blocks away from Magic Gardens (and a short walk from Whole Foods), Chapterhouse is as cool as the neighborhood is. In addition to the standard espresso offerings, they have an extensive tea menu and fun speciality drinks. The insanely cool baristas (who are still very nice, if intimidating) will happily talk about their favorites and make recommendations for you. The staff plays a mix of whatever they feel like, from Beyoncé to heavy metal, but if it's too loud (or just too cool for you), there's plenty of seating in the quieter area further back. Plus, there's also a cavern–like downstairs area complete with mood lighting and stone walls.
Location: 620 S 9th St.
Mon–Sun: 7 a.m. – 10 p.m.
Uncle Bobbie's Coffee and Books is the passion project of Dr. Marc Lamont Hill—better known as a Temple university professor, BET host, and CNN commentator. Hill's career as an activist and academic has focused on social justice and literacy, and Uncle Bobbie's embodies both of those ideas, combining an impressive selection of books with a space for coffee and community. Head there to do some work, peruse through the book selection for academic inspiration, and support a Philly business and gathering place in the process.
Mon–Thurs: 7 a.m. – 9 p.m.
Sat: 8 a.m. – 11 p.m.
Sun: 8 a.m. – 7 p.m. | {
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The number of people seeking treatment for crystal meth addictions has tripled over the past five years in Alberta, rising faster than any other substance.
According to the latest numbers from Alberta Health Services, 31 per cent of people entering addictions treatment in the 2017-2018 fiscal year reported using crystal meth, up from 10 per cent in the 2012-2013 fiscal year.
Addiction workers say the latest numbers, obtained by CBC News, point to the growing need to address meth addictions even as the opioid crisis garners headlines and government response.
"The numbers don't surprise me one bit, not one bit," said Ethyl Fiddler, who provides outreach addiction support through Boyle Street Community Services in Edmonton. "The effects do, the effects totally do. I don't know if I had blinders on before and I didn't see the destruction it's caused but I sure see it now."
The opioid crisis, Fiddler says, captures public attention because of its deadly outcome. But the health effects of crystal meth are often prolonged, each high destroying parts of the central nervous system and increasing the risk of myriad health problems.
"You probably will not physically die, but your mind will be gone," she said.
Fiddler says a woman from southern Alberta sent her a picture of a young woman a few months ago, asking if she'd been using the services at Boyle Street. Fiddler emailed her back, confident she had never seen the woman.
Fiddler received an updated picture a few days later. It turns out she had seen the woman almost every day for weeks, she'd just become unrecognizable from the damage meth had wreaked on her body.
"That's just one of them and I see that every day," she said.
Fiddler says many of her clients are on a months-long wait list for a residential treatment program.
An individual has to be sober for seven days to be eligible for treatment, according to Boyle Street. That often means accessing one of two detox programs in the city, which also have limited space.
After a day of outreach work, Fiddler then goes home to help support her daughter, who recently relapsed on meth after 18 months of sobriety. Fiddler says her daughter, 31, was once a great student, who studied to be a plumber then switched into nursing.
But since she started using again, her behaviour has become erratic, smashing the car in anger and leaving Fiddler to care for her two grandsons as she leaves the house unannounced for hours.
"She just became a different person, a totally different person. It's not even her," Fiddler said. "She's not the mother she was when she wasn't using."
The province recorded more than 32,000 new adult addiction services cases last year, more cases than there are people in the City of Leduc. The majority of clients reported using multiple substances.
Alcohol still remains the most reported substance in new addiction cases at 82 per cent, despite dropping by five per cent since 2012-2013. Alcohol is followed by cocaine at 41 per cent and opioids at 35 per cent, which increased by four and eight per cent respectively.
But at Recovery Acres in Edmonton, the most reported substance among the 54 clients is crystal meth, says executive director Jeremiah Aherne.
Recovery Acres provides transitional housing and counselling services for men with a history of addiction. Aherne said. As the reported use of crystal meth goes up, the average age of the clients appears to trend down.
"With alcohol, most people can waste 10 or 20 years of their life with alcohol abuse and get away with it. So, generally, you end up in treatment later. Whereas with crystal meth, you can burn your life down pretty quick and you end up in treatment in your early to mid-20s," he said.
In 2016-2017, 690 Albertans under 18 said they had used the drug in the past five years, a two-fold rise when compared to 2012-2013.
Aherne called rising opioid overdose deaths in the province a "public health crisis," but said the government needs to ensure other addiction services aren't being left behind.
"We've got a lot of other addictions, mental health and homeless crisis going on in this province that still need attention and still need funding." | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Since it is Fat Tuesday (an ironic name for someone who has lost 37 pounds), I thought I might end our celebration of Christmas by posting stupid stories.
This will be a stupid law in, say, 100 years.
I can't miss this one.
Worms on a Hook Don't Suffer? | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Sydney, Australia – February 14, 2017 – After a few EPs released throughout last year, Andrew Farstar is ready to drop his self-titled, full length debut. Blending the smoothness of Jazz with the modern ways of pop, but bringing some eclecticism to the table Farstar delivers a sound all his own.
Since he started releasing music last year, the reviews and buzz about his artistry and style has been nothing but positive.Vent Magazine noted Farstar is a "deserved attention as a fantastically talented pop singer." No Depression said of his second EP, Goodbye is Not Forever, "This EP is a remarkably solid effort that engages listeners' minds while compelling them to move and enjoy themselves." There is no doubt that the support will continue to flow his way with the release of Andrew Farstar on February 14.
With a style that would satisfy fans of both Michael Buble and Air Supply, Farstar straddles the lines of genre and doesn't settle here or there, but instead does his own thing – which according to reviews thus far…is working immensely in his favor. As Vent said of his earlier release, there is no doubt his sound will be "widespread," and that can also be said of his LP.
Andrew Farstar will be released February 14, 2017. Those interested can stay in tune with Farstar via the information provided below.
Andrew Farstar is an artist from Australia who marries the world of jazz and pop seamlessly, while delivering a unique spin. He's done it on a few EPs, and will do it once more on his self-titled, full length debut, due out February 14, 2017.
« Erick Blu Goes 'Electric' with Latest Release » Will Justin Bieber Sign The Gore Boyz' Sean Michael? | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Discussion in 'Parts for Sale' started by Steve750r, Jul 21, 2018.
Have 2 nice sets of 01-04 GSXR 1000 wheels. Complete ready to bolt on just need tires. Also have 1 spare rear as well. $400 shipped each set add %3 for paypal fees. Spare Rear $100. Can't figure out how to load photos but I have many. Wheels are in very nice shape. Will also work on 600/750 it you use a 190 rear.
Also have a couple subframes, gauges, frames, power commanders, motors, bodywork and much more.
Lower price if picked up? Location?
That would be fine $350. Mesa AZ. | {
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42 Kitchen Cabinets Dream The Home Depot With Regard To 16 | Axanator.com ikea 42 inch kitchen cabinets. kitchen cabinets 42 height. 42 inch upper kitchen cabinets.
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"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
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/**
Wonderfully Integrated Native Object Oriented Neural Network API.
STANDARD DISCLAIMER
ScienceTechWorks is furnishing this item "as is". ScienceTechWorks does not provide any warranty of the item whatsoever, whether express, implied, or statutory, including, but not limited to, any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or any warranty that the contents of the item will be error-free.
In no respect shall ScienceTechWorks incur any liability for any damages, including, but limited to, direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages arising out of, resulting from, or any way connected to the use of the item, whether or not based upon warranty, contract, tort, or otherwise; whether or not injury was sustained by persons or property or otherwise; and whether or not loss was sustained from, or arose out of, the results of, the item, or any services that may be provided by ScienceTechWorks.
If a recognizable person appears in this video, use for commercial purposes may infringe a right of privacy or publicity. It may not be used to state or imply the endorsement by ScienceTechWorks employees of a commercial product, process or service, or used in any other manner that might mislead. Accordingly, it is requested that if this video is used in advertising and other commercial promotion, layout and copy be submitted to ScienceTechWorks prior to release. It may not be used to state or imply the endorsement by ScienceTechWorks employees of a commercial product, process or service, or used in any other manner that might mislead.
[email protected]
[email protected]
**/
#include "Perceptron.h"
#include "Utils.h"
Perceptron::Perceptron(void)
{
transfer_function=new PerceptronTransferFunction();
learning_function=new PerceptronLearningFunction();
learning_function->setNet(this);
training_algorithm=new PerceptronTrainingAlgorithm(this);
setThreshold(0.2);
setLearning_factor(1);
}
Perceptron::~Perceptron(void)
{
delete transfer_function;
delete learning_function;
delete training_algorithm;
}
Perceptron::Perceptron(int n_inputs,int n_outputs)
{
transfer_function=new PerceptronTransferFunction();
learning_function=new PerceptronLearningFunction();
learning_function->setNet(this);
training_algorithm=new PerceptronTrainingAlgorithm(this);
for (int i=0;i<n_inputs;i++)
{
Neuron *neuron=createNeuron();
neuron->name="X"+to_string(i+1);
registerAsInputLayerNeuron(neuron);
}
for (int i=0;i<n_outputs;i++)
{
Neuron *neuron=createNeuron();
neuron->name="Y"+to_string(i+1);
registerAsOutputLayerNeuron(neuron);
//BIAS
Neuron *bias=createNeuron();
bias->name="B";
registerAsInputLayerNeuron(bias); //INPUT
registerAsBias(bias);
Sinapsis *sinapsis=this->createSinapsis(bias,neuron,0.0);
sinapsis->name="Wb";
}
list<Neuron*>::iterator input_neurons_iter;
list<Neuron*>::iterator output_neurons_iter;
//Sinapsis input->salida:
int i=1,j=1;
list<Neuron*> input_neuron_list = input_layer->getNeuron_list();
input_neurons_iter=input_neuron_list.begin();
while(input_neurons_iter!=input_neuron_list.end())
{
list<Neuron*> output_neuron_list = output_layer->getNeuron_list();
output_neurons_iter= output_neuron_list.begin();
while (output_neurons_iter!= output_neuron_list.end())
{
Neuron *start=*input_neurons_iter;
Neuron *end=*output_neurons_iter;
if ((!isBias(end))&&(!isBias(start)))
{
Sinapsis *sinapsis;
sinapsis=createSinapsis(start,end,0.0);
sinapsis->name="v"+to_string(i)+to_string(j);
j++;
}
output_neurons_iter++;
}
i++;
input_neurons_iter++;
}
turn_on_all_Bias();
}
void Perceptron::setLearning_factor(double alpha)
{
((PerceptronLearningFunction*)learning_function)->setLearning_factor(alpha);
}
void Perceptron::setThreshold(double theta)
{
((PerceptronTransferFunction*)transfer_function)->setThreshold(theta);
}/**
Wonderfully Integrated Native Object Oriented Neural Network API.
STANDARD DISCLAIMER
ScienceTechWorks is furnishing this item "as is". ScienceTechWorks does not provide any warranty of the item whatsoever, whether express, implied, or statutory, including, but not limited to, any warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or any warranty that the contents of the item will be error-free.
In no respect shall ScienceTechWorks incur any liability for any damages, including, but limited to, direct, indirect, special, or consequential damages arising out of, resulting from, or any way connected to the use of the item, whether or not based upon warranty, contract, tort, or otherwise; whether or not injury was sustained by persons or property or otherwise; and whether or not loss was sustained from, or arose out of, the results of, the item, or any services that may be provided by ScienceTechWorks.
If a recognizable person appears in this video, use for commercial purposes may infringe a right of privacy or publicity. It may not be used to state or imply the endorsement by ScienceTechWorks employees of a commercial product, process or service, or used in any other manner that might mislead. Accordingly, it is requested that if this video is used in advertising and other commercial promotion, layout and copy be submitted to ScienceTechWorks prior to release. It may not be used to state or imply the endorsement by ScienceTechWorks employees of a commercial product, process or service, or used in any other manner that might mislead.
[email protected]
[email protected]
**/
#include "Perceptron.h"
#include "Utils.h"
Perceptron::Perceptron(void)
{
transfer_function=new PerceptronTransferFunction();
learning_function=new PerceptronLearningFunction();
learning_function->setNet(this);
training_algorithm=new PerceptronTrainingAlgorithm(this);
setThreshold(0.2);
setLearning_factor(1);
}
Perceptron::~Perceptron(void)
{
delete transfer_function;
delete learning_function;
delete training_algorithm;
}
Perceptron::Perceptron(int n_inputs,int n_outputs)
{
transfer_function=new PerceptronTransferFunction();
learning_function=new PerceptronLearningFunction();
learning_function->setNet(this);
training_algorithm=new PerceptronTrainingAlgorithm(this);
for (int i=0;i<n_inputs;i++)
{
Neuron *neuron=createNeuron();
neuron->name="X"+to_string(i+1);
registerAsInputLayerNeuron(neuron);
}
for (int i=0;i<n_outputs;i++)
{
Neuron *neuron=createNeuron();
neuron->name="Y"+to_string(i+1);
registerAsOutputLayerNeuron(neuron);
//BIAS
Neuron *bias=createNeuron();
bias->name="B";
registerAsInputLayerNeuron(bias); //INPUT
registerAsBias(bias);
Sinapsis *sinapsis=this->createSinapsis(bias,neuron,0.0);
sinapsis->name="Wb";
}
list<Neuron*>::iterator input_neurons_iter;
list<Neuron*>::iterator output_neurons_iter;
//Sinapsis input->salida:
int i=1,j=1;
list<Neuron*> input_neuron_list = input_layer->getNeuron_list();
input_neurons_iter=input_neuron_list.begin();
while(input_neurons_iter!=input_neuron_list.end())
{
list<Neuron*> output_neuron_list = output_layer->getNeuron_list();
output_neurons_iter= output_neuron_list.begin();
while (output_neurons_iter!= output_neuron_list.end())
{
Neuron *start=*input_neurons_iter;
Neuron *end=*output_neurons_iter;
if ((!isBias(end))&&(!isBias(start)))
{
Sinapsis *sinapsis;
sinapsis=createSinapsis(start,end,0.0);
sinapsis->name="v"+to_string(i)+to_string(j);
j++;
}
output_neurons_iter++;
}
i++;
input_neurons_iter++;
}
turn_on_all_Bias();
}
void Perceptron::setLearning_factor(double alpha)
{
((PerceptronLearningFunction*)learning_function)->setLearning_factor(alpha);
}
void Perceptron::setThreshold(double theta)
{
((PerceptronTransferFunction*)transfer_function)->setThreshold(theta);
} | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} |
Summary and book reviews of Tribunal by Nancy Hersage
Summary | Excerpt | Reviews | Readalikes | Genres & Themes | Author Bio
by Nancy Hersage
Apr 2000, 350 pages
1980s & '90s
A fictionalized thriller that explores the very real social, economic and political questions surrounding today's global trade in sex slaves.
NOTE: At the time of writing this book is available as an e-book only - formats available are Rocket E-Book, Palm and PDF (anyone with a computer and free PDF software can read this format). Please contact the publisher to purchase a copy of this highly recommended title for only $7, (pay in dollars, sterling or Euros)- Online Originals
An American woman in Amsterdam is recuperating from a sudden illness, and happens to share her hospital room with a young Filipino mother. A few brief words are exchanged -- in which the Filipino makes a passionate plea for help -- before a mysterious man arrives and abruptly arranges for her to be discharged. Those few words are enough to draw the unsuspecting American into a life-threatening confrontation with an international criminal gang. The Filipino, it turns out, is one of thousands of women from poor countries who are tempted to leave their homes by the promise of a legitimate job -- and are then held captive for sexual exploitation. The American and the Filipino eventually join forces as part of a clandestine movement to set up an international tribunal that aims to seek retribution for these crimes against humanity. Inspired by a true story and based on extensive research, Tribunal is a fictionalised thriller that explores the very real social, economic and political questions surrounding today's global trade in sex slaves.
Like a broken, free-falling tree branch, the helpless young family tumbled into the stream of rural migration that night, a stream which was making a swamp out of urban Manila. Their bus left before dawn packed with other migrants. The Pangils rode in a dazed uneasiness. Martin rode, too, attaching himself to the little group like the adolescent orphan he was. At sunrise, only he watched the rugged mountain-sides pass by with anticipation.
The bus arrived via the 'Epifanio de los Santos' highway, driving headlong into a concentration of ten million islanders all competing for the good life on the edge of Manila Bay.
Neither Nita nor Enrique could have imagined the extent of so much humanity, nor the energy of it all: traffic moving constantly, mountainous glass buildings growing straight up out of the tropical soil, the air choked with foreign, engine-oil fumes. People waited on every corner to ford each busy street. Clothes, radios and food produce spread out in ...
Publishers Weekly, April 2000
Hersage spins an enthralling tale, tackling this difficult subject with clear writing, strong characters and a brisk pace.
If you liked Tribunal, try these:
A Crime So Monstrous
by E. Benjamin Skinner
To be a moral witness is perhaps the highest calling of journalism, and in this unforgettable, highly readable account of contemporary slavery, author Benjamin Skinner travels around the globe to personally tell stories that need to be told -- and heard.
by Patricia McCormick
Although Lakshmi's family is desperately poor her life still contains simple pleasures; but, when the harsh Himalayan monsoons wash away all the family's crops, Lakshmi's stepfather sends her away to take a job to support her family. When she arrives at "Happiness House", full of hope, she learns the unthinkable truth: she has... | {
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} |
If you feel like you are floating with only a vague sense of an anchor, if you are unsure of where you are on your spiritual journey, if you are reassessing your faith or if you are questioning your own theology join the Circle of Trust for For three Wednesdays in April. These special Circle of Trust meetings will focus on religion and faith. No answers will be provided, but sharing our questions in a non-judgmental, safe environment, might promote personal growth. Don't miss this chance to be a part of this valuable conversation on April 3, 10 & 17 from 7:00 - 8:30 pm in Room 2 at Arapaho United Methodist Church. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Make Your Voice Heard This Election: Make a Plan to Vote!
Not sure if you've heard, but there's a big election coming up!
This year, New Yorkers will vote for more than just a President. In fact, depending on where you live, you could be voting on more than half a dozen positions! Your Representatives, your State Senators, your State Assembly Members — all of them are up for a vote! Judicial positions are on the ballot too! New York has low voter turnout, too — your vote can mean a lot! In 2018, less than half of all eligible New Yorkers voted. Even in 2016, a year with higher turnout, just over 57% of all New Yorkers voted!
The stakes are high this year, and every year. Access to healthcare will be hugely impacted by the next President, and they'll be responsible for bringing life back towards normal after Covid. The President isn't the only person who matters, however. State officials have a huge role to play too! Voting for President and for federal legislators is important, but even here in New York, we can do better regardless of who sits in the White House.
The best way you can impact our healthcare system and Covid recovery? Vote! There's a range of ways you can participate in this election in New York, and you should pick what you feel safest doing. Voting absentee, or mail-in voting, is a safe and reliable way to cast your ballot! You can apply to vote absentee here through October 27th. If you're comfortable with voting in person, you can look up where to cast your vote here! If you're interested in being a pollworker and helping people vote, check out this information!
The most important thing to do: Vote for people at every level–federal, state, county, and city!– who will represent your views! Happy, and Covid-safe, voting! | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
} |
Vastavam web: In a sea of red T-shirts, thousands of Zimbabweans bade farewell on Monday to opposition leader Morgan Tsvangirai, whose death has opened divisions in his Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) party only months before elections.Party faithful converged on a square in downtown Harare to bid farewell to a man whose career was defined by his rivalry with long-time president Robert Mugabe, who was ousted in November.
"This is the People's General, who led the poor, the workers and the youth since 1988. We grieve with hope that the army that the general built will finish the work that he started," former MDC legislator Munyaradzi Gwisai told the crowd.Party faithful converged on a square in downtown Harare to bid farewell to a man whose career was defined by his rivalry with long-time president Robert Mugabe, who was ousted in November.
"This is the People's General, who led the poor, the workers and the youth since 1988. We grieve with hope that the army that the general built will finish the work that he started," former MDC legislator Munyaradzi Gwisai told the crowd. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
Boardwalk Talk : Fashion of the Pines- Pat Cleveland.
Pat Cleveland's career as a model began in 1966 when she was on a subway platform with a friend enroute to class and was noticed by Carrie Donovan, an assistant fashion editor at Vogue. Donovan, impressed by Cleveland's fashionable clothing, invited her to tour the Vogue offices and the magazine subsequently published a feature on her as an up-and-coming young designer. The article led to her being approached by Ebony who asked Cleveland if she would perform as model for their Fashion Fair national runway tour. Cleveland agreed and decided she would place her aspirations to be a designer on hold and try her luck as a fashion model.
Following her tour with Ebony, in which she claimed to experience acts of violent racism in the Southern United States, Cleveland caught the attention designers such as Jacques Tiffeau and Stephen Burrows. At age 18 she was signed to Ford Models after designer Oleg Cassini recommended her to Eileen Ford.
Soon she was meeting and working with many of the fashion industry's top enterprising people of the era, including Diana Vreeland and being photographed by Irving Penn, Steven Meisel, Richard Avedon and Andy Warhol and briefly became a muse to Salvador Dalí. She made her first appearance as a fashion model in American Vogue in June 1970, photographed by Berry Berenson and the same year, appeared in the very first issue of Essence magazine. The following year she switched modeling agencies and was signed to Wilhelmina Models. Despite her early success, Cleveland grew disillusioned with America and what she perceived to be its racist attitudes towards black models. She relocated to Paris by suggestion of friend and fashion illustrator Antonio Lopez in 1971 and soon became a house model for Karl Lagerfeld, who was the main designer at Chloé.
Cleveland vowed not to return to the United States until a black model appeared on the American cover of Vogue. During the 1970s she modeled for designers such as Valentino, Oscar de la Renta, Yves Saint Laurent, Thierry Mugler, Diane von Furstenberg and Christian Dior. Along with Karen Bjornson and Anjelica Huston, among others, she became one of Halston's favored troupe of models, nicknamed the Halstonettes.
The pinnacle of her success in Europe was her participation in November 28, 1973 Battle of Versailles Fashion Show; a gala event initially conceived as a publicity stunt and fundraiser held at Théâtre Gabriel for the then-dilapidated Palace of Versailles. The gala, which pitted five French designers: Yves Saint Laurent, Hubert de Givenchy, Pierre Cardin, Emanuel Ungaro and Christian Dior's Marc Bohan, against five American designers: Bill Blass, Oscar de la Renta, Anne Klein, Halston and Stephen Burrows in a fashion showdown. The event was to become an international fashion extravaganza with style writers and society columnists, wealthy socialites, royalty, tycoons and politicians in attendance. Cleveland was one of thirty-six models to walk the runway for the event. Of the thirty-six models, ten of them (28 percent) were black, an unprecedented number for the era. The gala would later be chronicled in the 2015 Pulitzer Prize winning The Battle of Versailles: The Night American Fashion Stumbled into the Spotlight and Made History by Robin Givhan.
After Beverly Johnson became the first black model to appear on the cover of American Vogue in August 1974, Pat Cleveland returned to the United States and continued her modeling career. From the early to late 1970s she appeared on the covers of: Vanity Fair, Interview, Essence, Harper's, Cosmopolitan, Women's Wear Daily, L'Officiel, The Sunday Times Magazine and GQ, among others and appeared in spreads for Italian and American Vogue and Vogue Paris, W, Elle and others. During the mid to late 1970s she became a fixture at New York City's exclusive discothèque Studio 54, often in the company of friends Halston, Jerry Hall, Grace Jones, Andy Warhol and Sterling St. Jacques.
After raising two children, Pat Cleveland returned to modeling. In 1995 she started her own modeling agency in Milan. In 2010 she appeared in the documentary Ultrasuede, In Search of Halston and the same year appeared as a guest judge on the reality television series and interactive competition America's Next Top Model. In 2012, she appeared in two more fashion documentaries, Versailles '73: American Runway Revolution and Timothy Greenfield-Sanders' About Face: Supermodels Then and Now. In 2013 she made an appearance on The Face, a modeling-themed reality television show hosted by model Naomi Campbell and appeared in an ad campaign for MAC Cosmetics alongside models Jerry Hall and Marisa Berenson. The MAC campaign was launched in dedication of fashion illustrator Antonio Lopez, who died in 1987 and had been close friends with all three models and instrumental in their early careers.
In 2014, she walked the runway for Moschino's Spring Collection in Milan. In 2015, she returned to New York Fashion Week to walk the runway for Zac Posen, who also hired her and her daughter Anna to showcase his June 2015 resort collection, appeared in Vogue Japan and appeared in an ad campaign for Barneys New York. Both Cleveland and her daughter Anna were chosen for a 2015 ad campaign for French multinational high fashion house Lanvin. In 2016, she walked the runway for H&M during Paris Fashion Week.
In 2016 she wrote Walking with the Muses: A Memoir, covering her early life in Harlem and her career in the fashion industry. The book was published by Atria Publishing Group, 37 Ink, Simon & Schuster.
During the height of her career Pat would accompany designer Stephen Burrows out to Fire Island Pines. It was here she became involved in the community fashion shows.
Pat with fellow model Richard Bernstein.
Pat and her husband Paul Van Ravenstein arrive 144 Ocean, the Adir home. Event photographs by Robert Zash.
Our interview host Hal Rubenstein with designer Halston's niece and author Lesley Frowick. Board members Scott Bromley and Walter Reich.
FIPHPS President Bobby Bonanno with Pat Cleveland..
Homeowner Karin Adir with guests.
Donna Schubert, Paul Van Ravenstein, and board member Marsha Stern.
Thank you Pat Cleveland, Paul Van Ravenstein, Hal Rubenstein, Karin Adir, Sara Jeffrey, Stephen Daniello, and all who made this event a reality. | {
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<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;URL=type.U158.html">
</head>
<body>
<p>Redirecting to <a href="type.U158.html">type.U158.html</a>...</p>
<script>location.replace("type.U158.html" + location.search + location.hash);</script>
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</html> | {
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An object that actively claims space by counting up from the last time it moved. I first imagined the details for this project during my residency at the University of Cumbria (UK), when I was traveling on the Tube in London, and an announcement revealed that our train would be delayed until the police could determine the contents of a bag that had been left unattended. We waited in anticipation for about 20 minutes until we were reassured that it was only someone's forgotten luggage. Many were relieved that it was not a bomb.
I began to think about our relationship to monuments and what they tell us about time. About the way that monuments tell you exactly how the space that they occupy has been used for a specific amount of time, and the way ideology is manifested and maintained by that action. I began to think about the baggage that we carry with us, and the things around us that never move. This sculpture was created through a collaboration with my friend (a talented artist, computer scientist, and engineer) Jack Doerner.
The timer on this suitcase counts counts up to 99 days, 99 hours, 99 minutes and 99 seconds; only reseting when the object is moved or unplugged. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} |
The Right Prescription: A drug benefit that makes sense
POSTED BY Galen Institute on June 18, 2003 .
Appeared in National Review's 2003 Health-Care Symposium
In early June, Senate Finance Committee leaders reached a surprise bipartisan agreement on a Medicare prescription-drug benefit bill, paving the way for passage after years of deadlock. The House is expected to follow, dramatically increasing the odds that a bill will reach President Bush's desk before the 2004 elections shift into high gear.
Passing a drug bill is a top priority for the Republican leadership in both houses, and the White House is pushing hard for the bill to allow not only for a drug benefit but also for modernization of Medicare itself. As both sides begin to look at details of the latest agreement, the test for conservatives will be whether the bill veers too far from the goals of injecting viable market competition into the Medicare program.
Conservatives want coverage to be offered through private plans that would provide a full set of benefits, including prescription drugs. The bill must fit within the $400 billion that Congress has set aside for Medicare updates over ten years. Medicare recipients could choose from an array of private health plans structured like the Preferred Provider Organizations (PPOs) already popular with working Americans. Government would oversee the plans but would not control every service.
Liberals, on the other hand, will be watching to ensure that government is very involved in setting the rules. The ClintonCare battles of 1993-94 showed that most Americans don't want the government to control their health care. But it already controls Medicare, which covers those over age 65 and the disabled. Medicare is our version of a single-payer health-care system, and as such is particularly vulnerable to expansion of overnment control. It's crucial that the final legislation take a hands-off approach to program updates.
Senior citizens like Medicare, even though its coverage is substandard compared to that offered through most private health insurance. Medicare covers only 53 percent of seniors' health costs, leaves them exposed to large hospital bills, delays or denies adoption of new technologies, and pays doctors so little that many are now refusing to accept new Medicare patients.
President Bush believes that the time is right to fix Medicare. Rather that merely tacking on a drug benefit, the president wants to reshape the entire program to work more like the popular Federal Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHBP), which currently provides health benefits to members of Congress and federal workers. Instead of micromanaging every benefit – Medicare has 110,000 pages of regulations and 4,000 pricing systems – a new agency would negotiate a set rate with private plans in order to provide a range of health benefits to seniors, from hospital and doctor care to preventive services and prescription drugs. The agency would first take bids from competing private plans, then inform seniors of their choices and ensure that the plans fulfill their contracts. Government would provide a contribution toward the premiums, and seniors could choose the plan that best suits their needs. (Under FEHBP, federal workers now have a choice of twelve national health plans and many more at the local and regional levels.) If seniors prefer to stay in the current fee-for-service Medicare, they would have that option too.
This year, Medicare will spend more than $250 billion on 41 million seniors – over $6,000 per person. And most seniors pay thousands more in Medicare premiums and deductibles, supplementary coverage, and other out-of-pocket costs. That's surely large enough to attract a vibrant market. Still, the new program must be structured to allow real competition to take place. Companies offering seniors a managed-care option through the current Medicare+Choice program have been dropping out. They complain that they are too much under the thumb of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, thanks to both excessive regulation and skimpy payments. This year, reimbursement for M+C rose by only 2 percent; health-plan costs are rising by 10 to 15 percent.
Sen. Bill Frist, the Republican majority leader, and Rep. Bill Thomas, the (Republican) chairman of the House Ways and Means Committee – along with Democratic senator John Breaux – have been leaders in developing an improved Medicare program. All three served on the National Bipartisan Commission on the Future of Medicare, created with the blessing of Bill Clinton, to map a course for Medicare reform. But Clinton pulled the plug on their recommendations in 1999, for what many consider to have been political reasons. Medicare reform has drifted ever since.
Chairman Thomas is working with Energy and Commerce Committee chairman Billy Tauzin (R., La.) to update a bill they co-authored last year and that has passed the House twice. The bill – which would include the drug benefit delivered by private plans – would lay the foundation for a modernized Medicare program.
Meanwhile, a group of House Republicans, most of whom serve on the Energy and Commerce Committee, is developing a competing bill that would offer a discount card with a cash deposit (determined on a sliding income scale), coupled with insurance coverage against very high, or "catastrophic," drug costs – in addition to program modernization. Many House Republicans are worried about the impact of any new drug-benefit bill that would expand government's reach. "We're shooting with real bullets, now," one observed.
The White House is encouraging all parties to incorporate as much as possible of the president's framework for Medicare modernization to give seniors three options: 1) traditional Medicare with drug discounts and catastrophic coverage; 2) "enhanced Medicare" based on the FEHBP model; and 3) "Medicare advantage" – a new and improved version of the M+C managed-care option.
The Senate has been the obstacle to passage of the drug-benefit bill in the last two sessions of Congress. This year's bipartisan deal was likely the result of pressure by Senate Democrats up for reelection in 2004. Last year, senators on both sides of the aisle thought they could protect themselves from seniors' ire by voting for one of the four drug-benefit bills the Senate considered. But none of the bills passed. Seniors clearly want action, and this year, neither side seems willing to risk not supplying it.
It may seem strange that Medicare bill costing $400 to $900 billion over ten years could be so crucial to the future of the health sector, which will see $1.4 trillion in spending this year alone. But the key to it all is prescription drugs. Seniors use four times more drugs than younger Americans. If the government controls 40 percent of drug purchases, it will become such a dominant player that it will essentially set the prices for the entire industry, since all other payers will benchmark off the government.
In all other industrialized nations, thanks to government dominance of the health sector, prices are set so low that they don't cover development costs – meaning that innovation is screeching to a halt. With Tufts University researchers estimating that it now costs $897 million to bring a single new drug to market, the chances are slim that drug companies would continue to make this kind of risky investment with the government as its primary customer.
Policy analysts believe that the United States not only can continue to lead the world in new medical technologies, but can also chart a new course in how health care is financed. But it is imperative that Congress use any drug-benefit legislation to build a foundation for a market-based Medicare program in which benefits are delivered by private, competing plans. Seniors should have incentives to make wise purchasing decisions, and plans should have incentives to institute coordinated care and disease-management programs. Policymakers should be especially vigilant against the danger of government-run catastrophic coverage – which is an open invitation to expand Medicare's administered pricing structure to cover virtually all of the drugs consumed by seniors.
The danger in the bills being considered by Congress this summer is that government would bear the risk for high-end drug expenses for seniors choosing to enroll in a separate drug plan. Today, the United States remains the only major nation in which the bulk of the health-care market is not restricted by government price controls. Consequently, we pay a disproportionate share of development costs for new drugs and devices, bearing the burden for other rich countries such as Canada, Germany, France, and the U.K. If the United States, too, defaults to the failed European model, where are we – or they – to turn for medical innovation?
Grace-Marie Turner is president of the Galen Institute, a not-for-profit research organization based in Alexandria, Va., that focuses on free-market ideas for health reform. | {
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Acorn Lodge, the longest established AA 4 Star rated guesthouse in the Dukeries area, offers quality spacious accommodation in Worksop, Nottinghamshire.
All guest rooms are finished to a very high standard, all having en suite facilities, hot drinks tray and TV with Freeview, radio/alarm clock and tea & coffee making facilities. Hairdryer, iron, ironing board, chilled filtered water, fresh milk or fruit juice are all available upon request at no extra charge.
We have a communal dining room, large enough to seat everyone for breakfast.
For the business traveller, we offer full photocopy, fax and email facilities. The rooms are large, well-lit and comfortable enough to carry out that necessary paperwork or laptop updates using our wireless internet.
Acorn Lodge is situated on the gateway to the Dukeries, in the heart of Robin Hood country with Sherwood Forest on our doorstep. Other interesting places within easy reach include Edwinstowe, home of Robin Hood, Clumber Park, Rufford Park, Chatsworth House and Hardwick Hall, with the historic towns of Mansfield, Retford, Newark and Southwell with its famous Minster and racecourse within easy reach. Carlton in Lindrick with the popular Langold Lake makes a close and excellent fishing spot. For those who require more rigorous exercise, Sherwood Pines, situated in Sherwood Forest, offers a cycle hire facility where you can safely cycle and explore the historic forest.
The town centre of Worksop is within 5 minutes walking distance, featuring the old open air market, leisure centres and an array of shops, cafes, bars and restaurants. For serious shoppers, the amazing Meadowhall complex is a must and is only a short drive from Worksop.
Rates: From £45 per room per night based on single occupancy. Includes breakfast.
To make a reservation or to request more information about staying at Acorn Lodge.
Contact Mr Leslie Wheatcroft on 01909 478383, don't forget to mention The B & B Directory when calling, or fill in the form below. | {
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Rad look at roguelikes' progression systems
10:24pm 28 May 2019 in General
Really, really good look at various Roguelike's progression systems and WHY THEY'RE GOOD :D
Thanked by 3Fengol Jurgen Rihm
EvanGreenwood
3:50pm 29 May 2019 edited 3:50pm 29 May 2019
It's weird that he likes the progression system in Into The Breach more than FTL. I think it's like night and day between FTL's really great progression and Into The Breach's horrible tacked on progression.
I think my disagreement here is because he seems to completely ignore a dimension of the progression that I highly value, which is the emergent narrative. I find Into the Breach arbitrary and unappealing because the progression seems contrived. The rules of the progression in Into The Breach may be good, but the fantasy they create is way worse than FTL.
(In my opinion obviously)
4:17pm 29 May 2019
That's interesting, I haven't played Into The Breach (Turn based tactical games hurt me deep when I was but a grasshopper) but I understood what he was talking about with FTL (which I did play), the drones and missiles are pretty one-dimensional and don't really interact with much of anything else. In fact they're mostly shoot-and-forget systems. And the other thing he critiqued about FTL was the utterly random outcomes of events, which nullify decision making...
What else didn't he like about FTL's progression? I thought he said the use of scraps were multi-dimensional and good, and the forced increase in difficulty + upgrade anywhen was a good combo?
I was more pointing out that even the developers of Into The Breach said that the progression in that game was designed less well than the progression in FTL. I wasn't saying his critiques of FTL are wrong, rather that his estimation of Into The Breach was wrong.
Yeah, so I do agree that most of the points he raised about most of the games were on the money. But being so very wrong about Into The Breach is kind of weird and leads me to think there's something big about progression systems that falls into a blind spot for him.
Although, another very minor point, I'm not actually convinced that the random outcomes of events in FTL are a strictly bad design like he says. I think it's one of those counter-intuitive aspects of game design where the positives of the design aren't immediate and so are unclear to the player. i.e. Everyone will prefer getting perfect information about the outcome of a choice, just like everyone would prefer to select the bro they play with, but people enjoy improvising more than they enjoy following a plan (and so games that include more randomness might be more fun than games where players are in control). It's counter-intuitive, but not getting what you want can make a more enjoyable experience and possibly make the choice more exciting. At the same time, I don't think giving (mostly) perfect information in Slay The Spire is a bad design, I'm of the opinion that there are pros and cons that are dependent on the rest of the experience, and I think he's missing the nuances of the designs in this case.
8:51am 30 May 2019 edited 8:54am 30 May 2019
Well, again I haven't played Into The Breach so I can't really speak to that.
Regarding randomness, I always come back to this comparison - random in, and random out. Random in gives you a random thing to deal with, while random out is an outcome that you could do nothing with. In FTL's case the random outcomes give you circumstances you have to deal with later, so I guess it falls somewhere in between, but then contrast that to Slay the Spire, where they give you random in with defined outcomes that you can deal with through your decision making.
So to compare:
FTL is randomly gain or lose resources (outcome, I have to get more of that resource)
Broforce is randomly play with this bro (outcome, I have to learn to play with a new set of stuff)
Slay the Spire is randomly given a choice (outcome is determined on how much risk of my resources I was willing to take with that choice)
I do believe in randomness being good for diversity, but random outcomes I dislike.
10:17am 30 May 2019 edited 10:27am 30 May 2019
@Tuism Yeah, everyone dislikes random outcomes. But sometimes they make the game better even when players dislike it (which is weird right?)
The lead designer on Magic The Gathering is the person who I first encountered talking about "random out" and "random in" where random out was generally bad and random in was generally good. And I believed that to be generally true, especially in a game like Magic The Gathering (i.e. the deck is your big random effect that happens at the start of the game, your opponent's moves when it's not your turn effectively add randomness you need to counter, but all the cards behave reliably during your turn).
But then Hearthstone came along and made loads of the cards have random effects, and it worked. Which I didn't believe at first, but I was proven wrong.
One of the more subtle effects of randomness is reducing decision paralysis. In a game like chess where every move is predictable the optimum way to play is to plan really far ahead. But in Hearthstone or XCom what you do is roll the dice a lot of the time and see where you land and then work with that. The latter experience is often more fun SO LONG AS the player doesn't feel like the randomness is so great that they are at the mercy of randomness. i.e. being able to plan is fun, but planning as you go is more fun than coming up with a very complex plan and then executing it.
I do generally agree with you of course. I would still say that "random in" is *generally* way better than "random out", if we're debating where to place the randomness of a game. I really enjoyed my time in Slay The Spire. and that game goes to great lengths to provide the player with reliable information.
Question: You say you dislike random outcomes, but do you think you would enjoy XCom more if every bullet predictably hit or missed the enemy? My understanding is that people have made less random XCom-like's and the XCom method seems to have held up as the better design.
10:21am 30 May 2019
Great video! Very interesting and helpful, thanks for sharing!
12:19pm 30 May 2019 edited 12:22pm 30 May 2019
@EvanGreewood I do agree with you mostly, that random in is only *generally* better than random out, and that it's not always necessarily true. Hearthstone's random out is interesting, I think it works because there's so much of it, that the entire game was built around it. It also served as a novelty that moved a MTG-like to something different. As a player, you also had a choice whether you interact with the random systems or not - you didn't *have to* play the cards with random effects, but many of the random effects are generally net good, and that's why players put those cards in their decks. So what I'm trying to say is that they offered players controls to the randomness, as opposed to making them *have to* participate in them.
Xcom wise, I played it a bit and found it okay. Of course predictable shots would not work at all with Xcom. And so that's a game designed entirely around increasing the chance to hit. Over time I didn't end up enjoying it. The Xcom boardgame relies heavily on dice outcomes and I was hyped about the game when it came out (mostly because it was real time and eliminated analysis paralysis and alpha syndrome with that) but I didn't like it over a couple of plays, a lot of that was due to how you could easily be screwed by bad dice outcomes. In these cases, bad outcomes didn't make more interesting decisions. It just screwed you in a win/loss binary outcome.
Anyway back to the context within which we were discussing this - To me was that the context of randomness (or specifically, random outs) often made decisions less interesting, whereas I think the video's point was to look at interesting decision making afforded by roguelike systems. Not that randomness = bad, because roguelikes *are* intrinsically random/procedural after all. | {
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Q: Calling Vuex action from within another vuex action I recently migrated to the Vuex store, and I am making a decent amount of progress. But the current challenge I face is calling an action from within another action in Vuex. I am still in the process of learning Vue.js
Current versions
*
*Vue 3
*Vuex 4
*If needed I use Electron Vue.js dev tools
/src/store/index.js - Current code
/* eslint-disable no-redeclare */
import { createStore } from 'vuex'
import axios from 'axios'
export default createStore({
state: {
...
},
mutations: {
setQuery(state, query) {
// refers this.state.query
state.query = query
},
setOnlinePresenceInitialPageLoad(state, presence) {
// refers this.state.online & this.state.initialPageLoad
state.online = presence
state.initialPageLoad = false
},
setRequestErrorAndStatus(state, { _status, code }) {
// refers this.state.request.error & this.state.request._status
state.request.error = _status
state.request._status = code
},
setResults(state, processed) {
state.request.results = processed
}
},
actions: {
callApi({ commit, state, dispatch }) {
axios.get(state.axios.targetURL, {
baseURL: state.axios.config.baseURL,
params: {
days: state.axios.config.params.days,
q: state.query,
key: state.axios.config.params.key,
},
}).then(response => {
console.log(response.status)
commit('setOnlinePresenceInitialPageLoad', true);
dispatch('formatResults', response.data);
}).catch(error => {
if (error.response) {
console.log(error.response.status)
} else if (error.request) {
console.log(error.request.status)
} else {
console.log("Couldn't find the problem")
}
})
},
formatResults(context, payload) {
const processedData = {
...
}
console.log(processedData);
context.commit('setResults', processData);
}
},
modules: {
}
})
As you can see the callApi() calls the formatResults() in the fulfilled section of the Promise.
Current state (Web browser)
In the code, I tried logging out the variable processedData. I thought it would be printed on the console.
Current state (Vue Devtools)
I would also like to know why formatResults() never ends.
Can this problem be solved with async functions, if yes then I would like to know the procedures to take?
Thanks for the help
A: hard to tell from the information provided, but I'm going to venture a guess here...
seeing that console.log(response.status) and then console.log("Couldn't find the problem") were triggered, as well as formatResults (from the vuex screenshot) I suspect that formatResults is throwing an error.
formatResults(context, payload) {
const processedData = {
// the error could be somewhere here
}
console.log(processedData);
context.commit('setResults', processData);
}
when the error occurs, the catch will handle it
if (error.response) {
console.log(error.response.status)
} else if (error.request) {
console.log(error.request.status)
} else {
// handled here with log ...
console.log("Couldn't find the problem")
}
try using console.error(error) to see what the cause of the error is
if (error.response) {
console.log(error.response.status)
} else if (error.request) {
console.log(error.request.status)
} else {
console.error(error)
}
and then you might have enough information to debug the source of the problem
| {
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When you making the decision of what make of vehicle to buy, be sure to have Classic Chevrolet on your list – not only do you have several reasons to own a Chevrolet, but many of those reasons are because of the service we provide to you.
A Chevy has a low cost of ownership including the cost of parts. You'll find that an alternator for a Chevy is usually less expensive than an alternator for a foreign vehicle – and less expensive than other American vehicles. Other costs are also lower in many cases.
If you are looking for a truck, the Silverado is the best-selling truck you can get.
The 2017 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 has a 5-star overall National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) rating.
Most Chevrolet models give you several trim levels to choose from, so almost everyone can afford a Chevy – and if you can afford something on the higher end, the highest trim levels have all of the bells and whistles.
Classic Chevrolet provides excellent customer service and has been GM dealer of the year for 12 consecutive years. And, we have been the nation's #1 volume Chevy dealer for eight consecutive years.
When you do need repairs, we can fix anything on your Chevy – and we do it with as quickly as possible while still providing quality service.
Chevrolet gives you tons of model choices. If you prefer something sporty, choose a Camaro or Corvette. If you need a sedan, choose an SS or Impala. If you need a truck, Chevrolet makes tons of trucks: the 1500, 2500HD and 3500HD. If you need a people hauler, check out the Suburban or Tahoe.
Chevrolet has always had good engines – and even some great engines. Not only are they inexpensive to repair, but the parts – even for those really old Chevys – are easy to find.
And, the last reason to buy a Chevy is that it's an American car!
Stop by Classic Chevy to test drive a truck, SUV, sedan or a hot rod – and you'll see first hand why you should buy a Chevrolet. | {
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Last edited by tolik23081998; 26-01-2018- at 05:37.
Last edited by tolik23081998; 20-12-2018- at 05:54.
Last edited by tolik23081998; 20-12-2018- at 05:55.
Last edited by tolik23081998; 26-01-2018- at 05:38.
Last edited by tolik23081998; 26-01-2018- at 05:39.
All times are GMT +3. The time now is 17:36. | {
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Jonas Hellborg (født 7. juni 1958 i Göteborg, Sverige) er en svensk/amerikansk bassist og komponist.
Hellborg fik sit gennembrud med Mahavishnu Orchestras tredje udgave af orkestret (1984-1987). Han spillede herefter med Cream trommeslageren Ginger Baker i en trio, som indspillede og turnerede til (1989). Hellborg flyttede til New York (1988), hvor han dannede sit eget band, med skiftende besætninger med feks. Kenwood Dennard på trommer og Aydin Esen på keyboards. Han spillede senere med musikere som Tony Williams, Michael Shrieve, og Trilok Gurtu på trommer, og senere dannede han triomed guitaristen Shawn Lane og den indiske percussionist V. Selvaganesh. Denne trio indspillede to plader indtil gruppens opløsning i (2003) gr. Lanes død. Hellborg er stadig aktiv med egne grupper med skiftende besætninger. Han har også spillet og indspillet solo og duo koncerter med feks. John Mclaughlin
Diskografi i eget navn
The Bassic Thing (solo bass) (1979)
Dreamland (1983)
Elegant Punk (solo bass) (1984)
Axis (1986)
Bass (1988)
Adfa (1989)
The Silent Life (acoustic solo bass) (1991)
Jonas Hellborg Group (1990)
Jonas Hellborg Group E (1991)
The Word (1991)
Ars Moriende (1994)
Abstract Logic (1995)
Octave of the Holy Innocents (1993)
Temporal Analogues of Paradise (1996)
Time Is the Enemy (1997)
Aram of the Two Rivers (1999)
Zenhouse (1999)
Good People in Times of Evil (2000)
Personae (2002)
Icon: A Transcontinental Gathering (2003)
Kali's Son (2006)
Art Metal (2007)
The Jazz Raj (2014)
Udvalgt Diskografi som Sideman
Mahavishnu (1984) - med Mahavishnu Orchestra
Adventures in Radioland (1986) - med Mahavishnu Orchestra
Usfret (1988) - med Trilok Gurtu
Two Doors (1995) - med Michael Shrieve
Unseen Rain (1992) - med Ginger Baker
Middle Passage (1990) - med Ginger Baker
Eksterne Henvisninger
Homepage
Bassister fra Sverige
Bassister fra USA
Komponister
Personer fra Göteborg | {
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} |
10 Magical Experiences That Are Trending at Disney World
It's fair to say that there are often some experiences at Walt Disney World Resort that are far more popular than others. Whether it's a Character Greeting or a long-standing attraction, their popularity is usually bolstered when there's a new movie out in theaters, or perhaps it's simply a brand new experience altogether. Whatever the reason, here are the resort's top 10 trending experiences!
1. The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh – Fantasyland, Magic Kingdom
Among Fantasy Land's whimsical storybook journeys is The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh, in which you'll find yourself exploring Hundred Acre Wood inside a honey pot. But while the attraction has been at the resort since the late 90s, it has become more popular following the release of the Christopher Robin movie, which reunites the titular character with the furry and fluffy inhabitants of said-woods!
2. The Jungle Cruise – Adventureland, Magic Kingdom
On the subject of movie adaptations, while The Jungle Cruise is set for 2019, more guests have already started lining up for its theme park-counterpart to see what's in store for Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson and Emily Blunt. This isn't the first time a movie has been inspired by a Disney attraction, as The Jungle Cruise follows in the footsteps of the likes of Pirates of the Caribbean and The Haunted Mansion.
3. Slinky Dog Dash – Toy Story Land, Hollywood Studios
While 2019 will also deliver Toy Story 4, the onrush of guests to Toy Story Land has more to do with the fact that it's only been around since June 30. That said, it's unlikely things will slow down for attractions like Slinky Dog Dash, because soon enough the new movie will be just months away, meaning that this stretch-tastic ride's popularity will continue to go "to infinity and beyond"!
4. Alien Swirling Saucers – Toy Story Land, Hollywood Studios
Slinky Dog Dash isn't the only attraction at Toy Story Land – there's also Alien Swirling Saucers, which sees you spinning and singing as the Little Green Men take you on an intergalactic musical joyride. But as with Slinky Dog Dash – or any of these trending experiences for that matter – remember that "you've got a friend" in FastPass+! You'll soon be worshipping it just like those green guys worship the "Claw"! | {
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} |
Approaching retirement: The perks of staying on the job
Ian McGugan
Published October 19, 2014 Updated October 19, 2014
Investors who are dreaming of Freedom 55 should consider a heretical notion: Maybe early retirement isn't as valuable as we think.
There is evidence that staying on the job can reduce our risk of suffering from depression and physical ailments. And, despite what people often think, there is little reason to believe that leaving work early will result in a longer, healthier life.
This will come as a surprise to many readers, judging from the vociferous reaction I received to an earlier column that pointed out the substantial financial benefits of working longer.
Several people cited a supposed study by Boeing Co. that was said to indicate employees who retire at 65 die much sooner than those who retire early. The only problem? The company itself swears it's not true. "There is no correlation between age at retirement and life expectancy of Boeing employees," it says on a webpage debunking the myth.
The health impact of early retirement has become a hot political issue as governments around the world attempt to nudge retirement ages higher as a way to save money and offset the economic impact of aging populations in developed countries. In Canada, the federal government has tinkered with both Old Age Security and Canada Pension Plan to increase the allure of staying on the job.
It's safe to say that few of us relish the idea of toiling longer, but the evidence, at least so far, suggests a surprising thought, especially to those of us who are used to focusing solely on the financial questions around retirement. It seems that the big winners in the retirement stakes may not be those who escape the labour force early, but those who can keep on working, especially if it's at something they enjoy.
Rather than protecting us from an early grave, Freedom 55 can, in some cases, actually be associated with an increased risk of death, according to a 2005 survey of Shell Oil employees who retired at 55, 60 and 65 between 1973 and 2003. The study found that the earliest retirees had a higher mortality rate than those who quit work later.
Of course, the early deaths may be because those who retire at 55 are leaving work because of health problems. But the same study also found that the long-term survival of those who left work at a more normal retirement age of 60 was no better than those who retired at 65, suggesting that the findings aren't simply the result of people being forced out of the job market by poor health.
However you slice the Shell data, there seems to be no health benefit from early retirement.
There may, however, be a happiness dividend from continuing to work. A review of 10 studies of people who work beyond 65 by Will Maimaris, Helen Hogan and Karen Lock of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine found that none of the research showed any detrimental effect from working longer, while four of the surveys suggested that staying in the labour force boosts seniors' mental health and self-esteem.
The standard objection to such studies is that it's difficult to disentangle cause and effect: Does work make people happier or do happier people work longer?
A 2013 paper by Gabriel Sahlgren of the Institute of Economic Affairs in Britain addresses the problem by comparing the health of husbands and wives, who often tend to retire together but at different ages, to isolate the effects of not working. It concludes that there are "large negative health effects of retirement among both women and men." While the short-run effects of leaving work behind may be slightly positive, the long-run effects are large and worrisome.
Among the most striking findings in the study are that retirement increases the probability of suffering from clinical depression by about 40 per cent and boosts the chances of having at least one diagnosed physical condition by about 60 per cent.
To be sure, a note of caution is in order: So many studies have come to conflicting conclusions that it's wisest not to take any of them as gospel. Researchers typically note, quite sensibly, that health and happiness in retirement is strongly linked to health and happiness before retirement – quitting work won't turn a sickly grouch into a marathon-running optimist, or vice versa.
But health considerations aside, the financial benefits from working longer are hard to dispute. For instance, deferring your CPP benefits from 65 to 70 increases your monthly payout by 42 per cent. In addition, you gain from the increased time your investments have to compound and the reduced cost of financing a shorter retirement as well as any additional savings you may put away.
Approaching retirement: Beware that final five-year stretch
Living in retirement: Stock swings are playing havoc with my life
On the right track for retirement
Will the new PRPPs help Canadians save for retirement?
Follow Ian McGugan on Twitter @IanMcGugan | {
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Failure & F**k-Ups, UK, Health
Covid Contracts – Hunting for PPE
I got a phone call a couple of weeks ago from a BBC Northern Ireland producer, who wanted to interview me for a programme about procurement of PPE (personal protective equipment) during the pandemic first wave last year.
I did a few smilar media appearances last year on Zoom, so said "yes – when do you want to do it"?
"When can you come into London so we can film you?", he asked.
So not Zoom, but real life! Which was how I came to be filmed in a Pall Mall hotel meeting room – just me and a charming cameraman, whose wife works in procurement, strangely enough. The interviewer asked the questions remotely via Facetime on a phone perched on a tripod a few feet in front of me which was rather strange. I spent 45 minutes on the interview and another 15 being filmed "reading papers"… all for about one minute of screen time! And why they have to show those close-ups where you can verify my need for a better skin-care regime, I really don't know.
The end result was a very good Spotlight documentary, broadcast first in Northern Ireland but shown on the BBC News Channel several times this week. It is the story of how a confectionery firm in Antrim, Clandeboye Agencies, landed orders worth over £100 million for PPE, and the confusion over whether the products supplied were actually fit for purpose. Were they "gowns" or "aprons"? And what did that mean for the safety of those using the equipment?
The journalists also tracked down some of the stock that was never used in the NHS and found it could be bought now for a fraction of the price paid originally by the government. It's well worth 25 minutes of your time, although if you have followed the PPE story there won't be much to surprise you, I suspect, other than that public availability of stock at cut prices now.
I have written several articles previously about PPE, so I won't go through all the issues again. I did explain on camera that huge price rises were not unexpected when demand suddenly went up ten-fold or more. But just to re-state the problems, these are the broad topics I would be looking at if I ever do write the Bad Buying Book of PPE!
The NHS stockpile of PPE provided to be unsuitable for Covid, and was very badly managed in terms of stock control, expiry dates, easy accessibility… etc.
The early forecasts for PPE demand proved to be way out, which led to major over-buying – which is why we ended up with containers sitting around for months, suppliers being paid to NOT deliver, stock sold off cheaply, etc.
Whilst the situation was desperately urgent, more attention and effort should have gone into getting the specifications right before hundreds of millions of pounds was wasted on equipment that proved unfit for purpose.
Proper due diligence took a while to set up, so some early contracts went to firms who should not really have been considered as suppliers.
The "VIP route" should have been much more transparent, and firms with an existing track record of PPE supply should have gone to the top of the list for consideration rather than those recommended by an MP, senior civil servant etc.
Buyers should have insisted on getting a breakdown of costs to avoid profiteering by middlemen and agents.
Anyway, you can see the programme here on iPlayer for the next 11 months.
December 22, 2021 /0 Comments/by Peter Smith
https://badbuying.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/PPE.jpg 168 300 Peter Smith http://badbuying.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/bad-buying-300x66.png Peter Smith2021-12-22 17:03:592021-12-22 17:04:01Covid Contracts – Hunting for PPE
Private Eye Identifies Covid Profiteering and Procurement Naivety
In the current issue of Private Eye magazine – only on sale for another few days so hurry if you want to buy it – there is a special 8 page supplement titled "Profits of Doom", covering the "bad buying" that went on in UK government around the pandemic, principally PPE (personal protective equipment), but also test kits and the track and trace programme.
Several procurement leaders get a mention, including Gareth Rhys Williams, Government's Chief Commercial Officer, and Steve Oldfield and Ed James at the Department of Health. I suspect there are others who actually had more to do with the PPE procurement waste but have escaped that attention …
If you have followed these stories in the media and on this website to some extent, much of the Private Eye report won't be new to you. But putting it all together does increase the sense of anger that most of us will feel about the vast sums of money extracted from the British taxpayer by certain firms and individuals, in return for very little effort. According to the magazine, one firm, Primer Design Ltd, went from a profit of £1.3m a year before Covid to making £178.2 million in the first Covid period.
Individuals did well too. Andrew Mills, who had been an adviser to government himself, made £32.4 million for doing very little as a middleman for Ayanda Capital, whose bosses also made tens of millions on PPE supply. Even the consulting firms raked in the cash working on various covid related tasks including the pretty useless track and trace programme, with Deloitte partners making record earnings of around £1 million each last year.
It is clear that cost really didn't matter when the PPE shortage was at its worst last year, and to some extent that is understandable. There is still some mystery about the demand forecasts that led to chronic over-ordering; that factor alone cost the taxpayer billions, but there has been little real insight into what went wrong there.
But why the procurement teams didn't at least try and examine the margins made by the middlemen and agents, I don't know. If the buyers had insisted on seeing a price breakdown, or set a maximum mark-up over factory gate prices, would Andrew Mills and others really have walked away from the deal? They won the contracts in the first place because of their political connections that got them onto the "VIP route", which gave priority to their supply proposals, so it is hard to see that they could have instantly taken their offer to another country.
Instead, they were allowed to make tens or hundreds of millions in profit by exploiting the naivety of the procurement operation, which seemed to focus almost entirely on just buying as much stuff as possible. Then we have the Randox contracts for test kits and analysis, where the picture is even murkier. Member of Parliament Owen Patterson was paid as an adviser by that diagnostics firm, and records of calls between him, the firm and health Minister Lord Bethell, have been "lost" apparently. Randox was given £600 million worth of contracts without any tendering or competitive process. And it won a testing contract worth £133m, just days before government officials confirmed it did not actually have enough equipment to deliver the work, according to documents now released.
It would be good to think that some of those who profited from the pandemic and in effect took advantage of the taxpayer might lose friends because of their actions. But the culture in the financial world and "the city" is such that I suspect they will be celebrated as great examples of entrepreneurial spirit, exploiting a situation (and their connections) cleverly to make money.
Even if there wasn't overt brown-paper-envelopes-type corruption here (or none that has been discovered yet, at least), sometimes it is just very easy to hate capitalism!
November 19, 2021 /0 Comments/by Peter Smith
https://badbuying.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/IMG_20211119_150049_resized_20211119_030115061.jpg 1984 1488 Peter Smith http://badbuying.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/bad-buying-300x66.png Peter Smith2021-11-19 15:05:302021-11-19 15:05:32Private Eye Identifies Covid Profiteering and Procurement Naivety
Failure & F**k-Ups, UK, Public Sector, Health
Incentivising Suppliers Properly Isn't Easy – Doctor's Appointments Provide a Great Example!
How do you go about incentivising suppliers within a contract to perform in the manner you REALLY want them to?
The complications tend to come in contracts for services, rather than goods. Where you can write a specification that clearly defines the item you are buying, then it is enough "incentivisation" usually to say "supply that precise thing and you will get paid".
But if you are buying a service, particular a more complex service, such as consultancy, outsourced customer handling, software development, or even facilities management, then making sure the supplier acts in the way you really want them to can be challenging.
An example of this has been much discussed in recent weeks in the UK media. Our GPs, the "family doctors" who are the first line of contact for most medical problems, moved most of their consultations online when the pandemic struck last year. Now they are being criticised for not getting back to in-person appointments quickly enough, and generally for making it difficult for patients to get appointments at all. But GPs are actually private contractors. Many people in the UK see them as part of the National Health Service, which they are operationally, but they actually work for the NHS under what is in effect a contract for services. They are suppliers.
In reality, there are a number of factors driving this appointments problem. This is a very stressful job, and the proportion of women working as GPs has grown dramatically in recent years. So for both their own health and for work-life balance reasons, more GPs are working part-time, so the capacity of the system is arguably not high enough. There is also a backlog of medical problems that weren't sorted out during the worst of the pandemic, so there is more demand on the system than ever.
But certain newspapers, and the Minister for Health, Sajid Javid, have decided that there is capital to be made by blaming the doctors themselves for being "lazy". Aside from the issue of whether the buyer (Javid) should be having a go at a "key supplier" (the doctors) in public, there is much discussion around how GPs are paid and incentivised.
An article in the Daily Mail recently suggested that instead of being paid in the main based on how many people are on the GP's "list", they should be paid based on how many appointments they actually carry out.
"It may be time to move from a bulk payment per patient to a per appointment funding structure, to encourage doctors to actually see patients as quickly as possible". That was the quote from Matthew Lesh, head of research at the Adam Smith Institute (the free-market-promoting thinktank), who from his LinkedIn profile would seem to be a very bright young man. Yet it doesn't take too long to see the incentivisation flaw in his argument.
A per-appointment system would encourage less scrupulous doctors to pack in as many appointments as possible. Currently most people only get ten minutes or so with the GP, but that could be squeezed further if some doctors were tempted by a direct increase in revenue from that approach. And for doctors with a conscience, who want to take the time necessary to get a diagnosis right, you are placing their ethics into direct conflict with their bank balance.
Now that's not to say that the payment by list size is necessarily the best option., and there is no simple, magic solution here. Arriving at an appropriate mechanism is challenging; for instance, the same size list of patients in socially and economically deprived Blackpool might generate a lot more work than the same in Wokingham. And of course throughput has to be balanced with the rigour of the doctor's work. But we might imagine a set of KPIs (key performance indicators) which might be combined in some way to drive GP payments.
In any case, this all reinforces that getting incentivisation right is tricky. That applies whether we are talking about an outsourced customer service call centre, roads maintenance contracts (see examples of both of these services going wrong in the Bad Buying book) or getting our front-line doctors to contribute in the best possible way to the health of the nation. So beware simplistic solutions.
October 26, 2021 /0 Comments/by Peter Smith
https://badbuying.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/people-g6f6d656d0_1280.jpg 853 1280 Peter Smith http://badbuying.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/bad-buying-300x66.png Peter Smith2021-10-26 10:35:132021-10-26 10:35:15Incentivising Suppliers Properly Isn't Easy – Doctor's Appointments Provide a Great Example!
Fraud and Corruption, Private Sector, Health, US
Theranos and FOMO as a Cause of Bad Buying
(Two posts in a row about blood – that's a bit weird)!
Earlier this month, Elizabeth Holmes went on trial in San Jose, California, accused of six counts of fraud. That relates to the blood-testing firm she founded and ran, Theranos, which was claimed to use unique technology to perform a range of tests with just a small sample of blood. The claims were later revealed to be largely nonsense and in some cases the results might even have proved misleading or dangerous to the user. When one of the Theranos laboratories was inspected in Newark, California, in November 2015, the inspectors concluded that "the deficient practices of the laboratory pose immediate jeopardy to patient health and safety."
The cautionary tale has been turned into a best-selling, award-winning and definitive book, Bad Blood by John Carreyrou and is going to be the subject of a film with Jennifer Lawrence playing Holmes. But in real life, it seems that her defence during the trial may claim she was under the influence of her older and more experienced business partner and one-time boyfriend, Ramesh Balwani. They may also claim that she really did believe in the product and it was others within the firm who misled her about the actual way it worked (or didn't).
Although some experts warned from the early days of Theranos that there were questions to be answered about the product, Theranos raised hundreds of millions in investment from famous people such as Henry Kissinger and Rupert Murdoch. Perhaps they were dazzled by this confident, smart young blonde woman, who seemed to be particularly effective at persuading older men to stump up large investments!
But as well as the investment aspect to the story, there was also a Bad Buying link to the events. Here is how I described it in my book ("Bad Buying – How organizations waste billions through failure, fraud and f*ck-ups)".
"Buying failure comes into this because the pharmacy chain Walgreens spent $140 million with Theranos over seven years, hosting around forty blood-testing centres in their stores. They got very little benefit from that and recovered some $30 million after a lawsuit and settlement following the eventual disclosure of the issues. Amazingly, as Bad Blood reports, Walgreens's own laboratory consultant, Kevin Hunter, had seen early on that something wasn't right with Theranos. But the executive in charge of the programme at Walgreens said that the firm should pursue the pilot because of the risk that CVS, their big competitor, would beat them to a Theranos deal.
Again, buyers wanted to believe that something was real, even in the face of mounting evidence that it wasn't. This relates back to comments around believing the supplier– those earlier examples weren't demonstrating fraudulent behaviour, but the principle is similar. It is easy for a naive or gullible buyer to be sucked into believing what the supplier wants them to believe.
Suppliers will take advantage of this tendency – whether it is the relatively innocent 'Yes, we can install this new IT system in six months' or the more dangerous 'This equipment will find hidden bombs'. And FOMO – the fear of missing out to the competition – is something else suppliers will use, and that can lead to bad decisions. It's not just physical goods, either. The top consulting firm selling its latest 'strategy toolkit' will mention that the potential client's biggest rival is also very interested".
So the message is – treat claims made by suppliers about their products with caution, maybe even with a touch of cynicism if they seem unique, outlandish or truly earth-shattering! And don't let FOMO take you into the realms of Bad Buying.
September 20, 2021 /0 Comments/by Peter Smith
https://badbuying.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Cash.jpg 565 849 Peter Smith http://badbuying.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/bad-buying-300x66.png Peter Smith2021-09-20 10:40:012021-09-20 10:40:04Theranos and FOMO as a Cause of Bad Buying
Blood Tubes – Is This the Latest NHS Bad Buying Case Study?
Last year, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) hit the headlines when shortages threatened the lives of health workers and patients in the early months of the pandemic. That demonstrated how a spend category that was traditionally seen as low risk and suitable for "leverage" type approaches to procurement could become highly strategic, critical and even politically sensitive.
We now have another example with a similar change in perception for what seems like a pretty standard item, a simple "commodity" even. GPs ("family doctors") in the UK National Health Service have been told to stop performing most blood tests until mid-September. Hospitals have also been instructed to cut their number of tests by 25%, all due to a shortage of blood tubes (sometimes known as sample bottles).
NHS England wrote to doctors and hospital leaders, telling them that "the supply position remains constrained and is forecasted to become even more constrained over the coming weeks. While it is anticipated that the position will improve from the middle of September, overall supply is likely to remain challenging for a significant period." That is thought to mean months rather than weeks.
The shortage has arisen apparently because Becton Dickinson (BD), the main supplier of blood collection tubes to the health service, just has not been able to keep up with demand.
This is obviously a hugely concerning issue. Blood tests help determine whether patients have particular conditions or illnesses, provide warning signs and monitor overall health. A reduction in capacity here will almost certainly cost lives.
So what has caused this problem? There appears to have been an increase in demand, perhaps because of the pent-up health issues now being exposed as people go back to doctors surgeries after avoiding them for many months because of COVID. But the company also said it was facing issues transporting the tubes, for example, challenges at the UK border. That has been picked up by some as an example of post-Brexit supply chain issues around customs, tariffs and so on, issues that are affecting many businesses.
But with our Bad Buying perspective, might this also be a case where the procurement strategy is partly to blame for the problem? Is BD the only supplier of this product? That seems unlikely, but it is possible that the NHS has taken an aggregation and leverage approach to this item, as it did to many others, including PPE prior to the pandemic. Is BD a sole supplier because they offered a great deal for the whole NHS volume?
Maybe that is not the case, but you do wonder why other suppliers are not being mentioned, although the NHS has said new providers will come on stream soon. But it may be this is another example of over-aggregation creating unhealthy dependence on one supplier. It doesn't even always add to better prices, too. Here is a short extract from Bad Buying (the book) where I talk about the risks of supplier dependence and how it is created by poorly considered procurement approaches.
"Buyers aggressively aggregate their own spend, believing they'll get better deals if they offer bigger contracts – until in some industries only the largest can meet your needs. Buyers might insist that suppliers must service every office or factory across the US, or Europe. Smaller firms and start-ups, which often offer real innovation, flexibility and service, are shut out of the market.
Buyers assume economies of scale, that 'bigger is better 'and bigger deals mean lower prices. But that is not necessarily true; the price curve may flatten after a certain volume, with further increases in volume not generating any further price reduction. There are even cases where you see dis-economies of scale– the buyer pays more as the they spend more…"
In this case, it would be fascinating to know just how the NHS has ended up with shortages of such a fundamental item. But in the meantime, just hope that you don't need a blood test anytime soon!
September 2, 2021 /0 Comments/by Peter Smith
https://badbuying.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/blood-1813410_1280.jpg 640 1280 Peter Smith http://badbuying.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/bad-buying-300x66.png Peter Smith2021-09-02 12:03:352021-09-02 12:03:36Blood Tubes – Is This the Latest NHS Bad Buying Case Study?
UK, Public Sector, Fraud and Corruption, Health
Procurement Fraud in the NHS – Could It Happen In Your Organisation?
One of the most annoying aspects of writing Bad Buying was reading dozens of fraud and corruption cases that came to court. Whilst the cases were often fascinating, the comments from the CFO or CEO of the organisation that suffered the fraud were always predictable. This is what I said in the book.
"But again and again, I see organisations failing to take basic precautions, and then once fraud is discovered, claiming that "this was a very sophisticated fraud". In most cases, that remark is nonsense and is a fig-leaf for an embarrassed CFO or CEO who didn't have basic fraud prevention measures in place.
Indeed, one way that fraud could be reduced globally is if CFOs in particular were told that their jobs are on the line. If a fraud takes place on their watch, that could have been prevented through simple actions, then they'll be fired for incompetence. Implement this, and there will be a measurable drop in such cases very quickly".
In recent weeks, a fraud committed by an IT manager in the UK's National Health Service hit the headlines. Barry Stannard of Chelmsford in Essex, was "head of unified communications" for the Mid Essex Hospital Trust, which has since been merged into Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust. He defrauded his employer of £806,229, which came out of the trust's IT budget. He created two "fake companies" that he controlled, and then authorised payments against invoices from these firms – invoices he obviously produced himself. He failed to declare any interest in these firms (obviously), no products or services invoiced were ever actually provided to the NHS, and he was sentenced to 5 years and 4 months' imprisonment on June 30th.
At least the hospital did eventually spot this fraud. According to the Digital Health website, "Concerns first arose after the trust ran a data matching exercise on its payroll and accounts payable records, alongside Companies House records. After a comprehensive initial investigation by the Local Counter Fraud Specialist provider (RSM), the investigation was escalated to the NHS Counter Fraud Authority's National Investigation Service".
Stannard also charged VAT, which was never paid onwards to the tax authorities, so that was a further fraudulent element. All of the hundreds of invoices submitted by his companies to the trust were individually for less than Stannard's personal authorisation limit so he got away with it for some time.
At least here nobody used the "sophisticated" word in describing the fraud, which is just as well because it wasn't. It was a pretty basic fraud and pretty basic best practice was not followed. That means there is a good case for sacking the CFO – and perhaps even the Procurement Head. They certainly should answer these questions.
Why was there no proper "onboarding check" before a new supplier was first paid? Basic Companies House and Dun & Bradstreet checks would have shown a firm with Stannard as Director and presumably no other income.
Why was there no "separation of duties"? You should never have the same person able to choose a supplier, sign off the purchases, and approve the invoice (which includes confirmation of receipt of goods / services)?
Why did his boss not question the expenditure? Actually, it is not clear whether the budgets were his own or belonged to other managers (in which case why didn't they query these costs for non-existent products)?
It all looks very negligent by the Trust and smacks of a poor attitude to spending taxpayers' money, which unfortunately we've seen before in the case of public sector fraud of this nature. So whatever your role, do think about whether such a fraud would be possible in your organisation. If you wanted to extract money, how would you do it? Would you need an accomplice or could you do it yourself, as in this case. If you do find gaps, then tell the CFO, CEO or equivalent.
I reckon every organisation needs a few creative, cynical but trustworthy employees who can put themselves in the shoes of wrongdoers and have evil thoughts – for the greater good, of course!
July 20, 2021 /0 Comments/by Peter Smith
https://badbuying.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/prison-553836_1280.jpg 853 1280 Peter Smith http://badbuying.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/bad-buying-300x66.png Peter Smith2021-07-20 08:57:002021-07-25 08:10:29Procurement Fraud in the NHS – Could It Happen In Your Organisation?
UK, Public Sector, Health
UK National Audit Office Looks at PPE Again – Just Why Did We Buy So Much?
The second UK National Audit Office report on pandemic procurement was issued recently. Titled "The supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic" it focuses entirely on PPE. It has received less media coverage than its predecessor, which looked at wider procurement issues, although it too had a lot of PPE-related content.
That reduced attention was probably because it lacks some of the obviously newsworthy headlines the first reported generated, around contract awards to firms such as Ayanda Capital and Pestfix, who have been in the news for a while, and discussions of potential conflict of interest at Ministerial level. But that's a shame, because there are some very interesting findings in the more recent report too, although it still leaves a couple of key questions outstanding.
The report gives more visibility of the process as the pandemic struck in the spring. It clarifies some of the failures we saw around the existing pandemic stockpile, which was a combination of sheer incompetence and a more forgivable lack of preparedness for this type of virus. Once it became clear that the normal NHS channels, such as Supply Chain on the procurement side and Unipart for delivery couldn't cope, we saw Lord Deighton getting involved, bringing in people he knew (including HR support through another questionable contract). We know Clipper won a huge distribution contract, also without any competition, although they seem to have done a pretty good job all in all.
The Parallel Supply Chain buying operation was set up in late March, with one team looking at extending UK manufacturing and another sourcing PPE globally. McKinsey supported the Department in putting together a demand model to predict how much PPE was going to be needed. The teams then went off and agreed contracts with some of the thousands of suppliers who had expressed interest – some of whom came though the "VIP route", already exposed previously.
That takes us into our three big outstanding issue though.
We still don't understand the process by which suppliers were selected from those that put themselves forwards. Why did Ayanda Capital win a contract for £250 million? Why not £50 million? Or indeed £500 million? Why did 47 suppliers win contracts, with value ranging from less than a million to the hundreds of millions – was there an overall strategy of some sort, or was it literally the buyers accepting the first offers that were made that got through the approval process? We know that process was flawed early on by the lack of real due diligence, but we'll park that for the moment. But the process used for selecting suppliers and determining quantities per contract is still opaque.
Why has the demand model turned out to be just so inaccurate? We are now in a situation where, as NAO says, if the recent rate of use of PPE continues, then the 32 billion items that had been ordered by the Parallel Supply Chain by 31 July could last around five years (with variations across the different types of PPE). The Parallel Supply Chain's initial estimate of the PPE that would be required nationally anticipated an enormous increase compared with pre-pandemic use, but actual use has been lower than this (although still far higher than pre-pandemic use). What went wrong?
There is still some doubt over how much PPE is unusable or at least does not meet original specification. From the report – "The Department (of Health and Social Care) told us that it had identified 195 million items which were potentially unsuitable, which was equivalent to around 1% of the items it had received to date. However, it has not provided us with sufficient information to be able to verify these figures because, it told us, this would compromise its ability to resell the PPE". In other words, NAO can't be sure the Department isn't fibbing.
Coming back to the demand issue, did the model assume that the absolute peak of PPE usage in March / April would continue forever, and that there would be no reduction in cases as we went into lockdown? Was it the move away from putting patients on ventilators, as clinicians learnt more about optimal treatment pathways? Were contingencies built on top of contingencies? I understand that the model did initially include the devolved countries (Scotland, Wales, N Ireland) who then went their own way on PPE, but that factor isn't enough to explain the huge quantities ordered. It's a shame the NAO report didn't dig onto this issue a little more deeply, I feel.
By the time that the PPE team was "professionalising" through the summer and bringing in more people with real public procurement experience, I'm told that it wasn't really a buying job any longer. The vast majority of the contracts were placed in May and June. Through the autumn, teams have been focused more on how to manage this huge over-ordering situation. That's one of the reasons why UK ports are struggling – they are clogged up with billions of items of PPE, ordered earlier but for winter delivery.
My prediction is that soon, there will be stories of suppliers being paid off – they'll get the majority of the contract value paid but be told not be bother supplying what is not yet delivered. There is also a very serious problem here, as a range of new UK- based manufacturers were encouraged to move into this market. But if there is 5 years' worth of stock (or committed orders) already, who needs more from these possibly expensive UK manufacturers?
I do have sympathy with the people involved here. Predicting demand in the peak of the pandemic must have been a difficult task, that is undeniable. But how did smart civil servants and McKinsey consultants (charging a fortune, no doubt) get it so wrong? That demand model has cost the taxpayer billions. We have bought far too much stock, and even if it does get used eventually, it was bought at the top of the market, at prices several times the norm in many cases.
December 11, 2020 /1 Comment/by Peter Smith
https://badbuying.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/hospital-sign-sepia-200.jpg 200 253 Peter Smith http://badbuying.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/bad-buying-300x66.png Peter Smith2020-12-11 08:59:332020-12-11 08:59:34UK National Audit Office Looks at PPE Again – Just Why Did We Buy So Much?
Should the UK Government Be Transferring More Risk To Track and Trace Suppliers?
In episode 4 of my podcast, which you can now access from this website (see links below) I talk about fraud and corruption in buying, topics that feature heavily in the Bad Buying book. But I also get into the controversy over the UK government's contracts with firms such as Serco and Sitel. These relate to the Covid "test and trace" process, which has not been a huge success in terms of its ability to identify contacts of people diagnosed with the virus or in persuading those folk to self-isolate.
The controversy has come first of all from the fact that private firms were awarded contracts to run the process without any competitive process, which raises issues of both favouritism and concerns about value for money. Competition is a key driver in terms of achieving value in public contracts, and without it, there are concerns that firms will make excess profits from the taxpayer funded work.
Whilst local government and NHS staff do some of this tracing work, many experts feel that they should have been asked to do more, and where comparisons can be made, the public sector seems to be out-performing the private. But the latest debate was triggered by questions to the health minister, Helen Whately, around how the private sector firms are being managed.
A conservative MP, David Davis, asked "What performance targets are in place for commercial providers of track and trace functions; what penalties can be imposed for failure to meet those targets; and what penalties have already been imposed for failure to meet those targets?"
Whately answered: "Contractual penalties are often unenforceable under English law, so they were not included in test-and-trace contracts with Serco or Sitel. Sitel and Serco are approved suppliers on the Crown Commercial Service contact centre framework and the contracts have standard performance and quality assurance processes in place. Some information on key performance indicators and service levels has been redacted from these published contracts as it is considered to be commercially sensitive."
That has led to much discussion in the media around whether Whately was telling the truth. In the podcast, I conclude that this was a classic politicians answer – not a lie, but not giving the full picture either.
"Damages" as a type of contractual penalty can be unenforceable, the general rule being that they can't be disproportionate to the value and nature of the contract. I can't ask my builder for £1 million in damages if they don't complete a small repair to my kitchen by the end of the month, even if we contractually agreed that timescale.
But there are certainly other ways of using "penalties", in the sense of actions that will hurt the supplier if they don't perform. Three clear options are:
Liquidated damages, agreed up-front (I might get £1,000 from my builder if we agreed that was a reasonable amount to compensate me for their failure to meet the timescale).
Service credits – a reduction in the supplier's subsequent invoices based on missed targets in this period.
Performance related contractual payments ("payment by results") – putting it simply, the builder ain't getting paid till the work is done!
I talk about all three in more detail on the podcast, but any (or all) could have been used in the tracing contract. Service credits are frequently used in government outsourced service contracts; and in terms of performance-related payment, it would not have been unreasonable to have some element of the fee related to the number of people successfully traced by the firms, for instance. Perhaps that is in place; but surely Whately would have mentioned any performance mechanism if she could have?
Now, government procurement professionals aren't stupid. I'm sure they would have considered these issues, and would have wanted to include performance clauses. But my suspicion is that the firms just refused to accept any serious performance penalties, and because of the urgency (and lack of competition), government backed off. You can have some sympathy actually for the firms – they may have argued that external factors that they don't control would affect their performance, such as the robustness of the data they are provided with in order to do the tracking.
So it would not have been fair to transfer all the risk to them in terms of penalties. However, in an ideal world, we would always want the supplier to have appropriate incentives to perform well, and it is not clear those are really in place here.
https://badbuying.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/20160418_141730_LLS_resized_2.jpg 1377 2448 Peter Smith http://badbuying.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/bad-buying-300x66.png Peter Smith2020-10-26 10:12:062020-10-26 10:12:07Should the UK Government Be Transferring More Risk To Track and Trace Suppliers?
UK, Public Sector, Central Government, Health
UK Government Spends Millions with Consulting Firms – Did Buyers Know What They Were Doing?
UK government procurement related to the pandemic continues to be a source of some concern and confusion. More consulting contracts were published on the Contracts Finder website last week, showing the vast sums of money that are finding their way into the pockets of the partners at major consulting firms.
Deloitte were awarded two further consultancy contracts, via a call off from a Framework Agreement, worth a total of £8.7 million for: "Buy Support for Ventilators – ICU equipment & consumables, ventilator sourcing, hard to source products" (£6.7m) and "Support programme delivery including the identification and procurement of PPE" (£2.2m).
Two other unusual consultancy contracts were awarded to Boston Consulting Group to support the chaotic Test & Trace programme. That represented £4,992,059 for "strategic support" and £4,996,056 for "digital support" (very precise values!)
We don't know whether there was any competitive process – for those of you who aren't public procurement experts, you are not allowed to simply choose a "random" or favoured supplier from a "Framework" in most cases without running a competition between firms who are listed on it. Did that happen here? I have my doubts but we don't know. There have also been comments from within the NHS suggesting that no-one quite knows what Deloitte actually did in terms of ventilator procurement. But hey, it was only £6.7 million.
But there was some good news as well. Gareth Davies, who heads up the UK National Audit Office, was interviewed by the Guardian and amongst other points, he confirmed that a report into government procurement processes during the coronavirus pandemic would be published later this year.
"We're looking at the procurement process, a lot of public comments and concern about the transparency of some of the procurement contracts around PPE and other areas. We're doing a detailed piece of work," he said.
So here are a few of the questions NAO might like to ask the buyers of those consultancy services if they choose to examine that area in particular.
Did you understand what it was you really wanted to buy?
Did you consider the market in an appropriate manner, and use competition to arrive at the best fit / best value supplier to meet your needs?
Do you understand the difference between the three basic reasons or needs behind buying consulting services – specialist knowledge & skills, intellectual horsepower, or execution / implementation capability?
Did you think about the different commercial mechanisms and models – fixed price, time and materials, target pricing and all the variations? Are you clear you chose the most appropriate for your contract?
Do you understand the economics of consulting firms and therefore did you use that to negotiate confidently on daily rates (or fixed price)?
If you didn't use competition, how did you arrive at a fair price for the work?
Did you make the deliverables, outputs or outcomes that you were expecting very clear?
Did you define the contract management process and the interim reporting that you wanted to see from the firm, and then follow through with professional contract management practice?
Let's hope those responsible for spending money with these firms avoided Bad Buying and can answer these questions confidently and robustly.
https://badbuying.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/More-monkeys.jpg 480 640 Peter Smith http://badbuying.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/bad-buying-300x66.png Peter Smith2020-09-21 09:30:002020-09-21 08:04:06UK Government Spends Millions with Consulting Firms – Did Buyers Know What They Were Doing? | {
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Changing a Child's Name: How to Change a Child's Names if the Parents Never Married
How to Change a Child's Names if the Parents Never Married
BMWK1600GT
My question involves juvenile law in the State of: Florida.
Situation involves a 10 y/o girl who resides with her biological mother. The biological mother and father were never married. Biological father named the child on the birth certificate but refused to sign the birth certificate. Bio father has no fixed address and has minimal contact with the child. Was assessed child support but has never paid it. Child wants to change her name, she hates her given one. Will this be a relatively simple legal transaction?
Re: Name Change
First off, are we talking about the last name she was given at birth or the first name? The courts are extremely reticent to just change surnames as a de facto attempt to modify apparent parantage. Changing first names are usually not ascribed any ulterior motive. Whether or not support has been paid or whether there is contact is largely irrelevant.
But in either case, if both parents wish to join in the name change together, it's usually straight forward. If the father is not around or unwilling to sign the petition, he is at least need to be notified by personal service. While he may not have a "fixed" address, he must be served. Only in the case that there is absolutely no legitimate way to contact him directly will constructive service allowed. If he issues an objection, then the judge will have to decide what is in the best interest of the child. Not any one party's (including the child's) personal desires. Frankly, unless you have the consent of the father, you'd be well advised to involve an attorney.
Information on how to do this here: https://www.flcourts.org/content/dow...58188/982c.pdf
adjusterjack
Quoting BMWK1600GT
Child wants to change her name, she hates her given one.
Her "given name" is her first name. Is that what she wants to change? Or is it her surname (last name) that she wants to change?
Mercy&Grace
Is it her first or last name ? Why does she want it changed ? If she wants her first name changed because she likes another name at this point. She will more than likely want to change it to another name in the near future.
Both names. She wants her mothers last name.
Read the link in my first post, but understand that the courts are disinclined to change a surname just because you want to "disown" the father.
Is there a reason why you referred to the child's parents as "biological" mother/father, as opposed to, simply, "mother" and "father"?
Child wants to change her name, she hates her given one. Will this be a relatively simple legal transaction?
No 10-year old is getting a name change without her parents' ok. If the mother wants the child's name changed, then she'll have to apply to the court and, unless she can get the father to sign off on it, she'll need to give the father notice and an opportunity to object and convince the court that the name change is in the child's best interests.
And, if mom is married and the last name the child wants to take is the stepfather's last name, then it isn't going to happen.
budwad
Quoting llworking
Unless there is a stepparent adoption.
Quoting budwad
Still, the father is either going to have to give up or have a court remove his parental rights before the adoption would be considered. Still this is the process the courts want rather than just using a name change to try to circumvent the proper procedure. The name change in this case is just a random detail in a larger procedure.
Child Custody/Visitation: Parents Were Never Married
By sunglasses74 in forum Child Custody, Support and Visitation
Custody of an Unborn Child -Parents Arent Married
By tc1972 in forum Child Custody, Support and Visitation
Changing a Child's Name: Choosing a Child's Last Name When The Parents Are Not Yet Married
By soonersoldier1990 in forum Name Change
Changing a Child's Name: Minor's Name Change, Parents Never Married
By Sharyn in forum Name Change | {
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Here at Armley we encourage our young dancers to have fun. We have a nursery class on Saturday mornings 10.15am - 10.45am. The class is suitable for the very young 2.5+ and is a good introduction to dance.
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Stainless Gun
At least six dead as heavy rains and Tropical Storm Eta soak southeast
November 16, 2020 November 14, 2020 nmdasnet
At least six people are dead, including five in North Carolina, as Tropical Storm Eta soaked the southeast and made landfall for the second time in four days in Florida.
The National Hurricane Center said that heavy rain and flooding in the Tar Heel state wasn't directly linked to the storm, but was part of a "frontal boundary" that had spread north across the Carolinas on Thursday.
By Thursday night, the center of the storm was just off the South Carolina coast, bringing heavy rain and gusty winds to the region, the center said. Eta was moving northeast at 17 mph.
Authorities in Alexander County, North Carolina, said that three bodies were found at a flooded campground about 60 miles north of Charlotte on Thursday morning. Thirty-one people were rescued from the Hiddenite Family Campground and two people are still missing.
Alexander County Sheriff Chris Bowman said that the campground has a fast-rising river that has previously seen evacuations amid heavy rain.
"That's exactly what happened last night and this morning," he told reporters, adding that it had been years since a storm dumped so much water at one time on the region.
Another person died in a car accident in the nearby community of Vashti after one of four bridges in the county were washed out by what officials described as major flooding.
The county saw 10 inches of rain overnight, leaving 50 roads compromised, said Alexander County director of public services Doug Gillespie.
In Rolesville, east of Raleigh, a child drowned in a flooded creek, authorities in Wake County said Thursday, and in Manatee County, Florida, a man died late Wednesday after being shocked by electrical appliances. He had been trying to sandbag his flooded garage, said Jacob Sauer, the county's director of public safety.
In Charlotte, the fire department rescued 143 students from a charter school north of the city. Images showed what appeared to be more than a dozen cars submerged in water.
No injuries were reported.
Earlier Thursday, the storm made landfall in Florida, bringing high winds and storm surge to a swathe of the Sunshine State's Gulf Coast. Eta made landfall at 4 a.m. on Cedar Key with 50 mph winds.
Overnight, the storm dumped three to seven inches of rain in the Tampa-St. Petersburg-Sarasota area.
Tampa's rainfall of 3.99 inches on Wednesday was the wettest November day on record; Sarasota's 6.41 inches was also the wettest November day on record.
Photos posted online by the Bradenton Police Department showed extensive flooding in that city, which is 45 miles south of Tampa.
Thursday's Florida landfall was Eta's fourth overall on its winding journey across the Caribbean Sea.
It first made landfall as a deadly Category 4 storm in Nicaragua and has visited several countries in nine days, killing dozens in Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico.
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Have you ever heard of a Scene Setter? They are great products for decorating walls for a party without breaking the bank. I love to use them as they cover a big space in no time and look great!
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One of the most controversial towers in Toronto made the news again last week. The antenna atop the Trump International Tower and Hotel appeared to become unstable, leading to road closures in the financial district while engineers were brought in to inspect. It turned out nothing was wrong, but it was another chapter in a long story about a troubled major development.
While building issues like a wobbly antenna and falling glass make great video for the evening news, the most important story for those interested in real estate is the financial structure of the Trump Tower.
Initially pitched in 2001, the $375-million, 60-storey Trump was sold as a hotel-condo. Similar to the Four Seasons and Shangri-La, the Trump's proposition mixes the pride of ownership with the service of a luxury hotel. Owners have the option to rent their units as hotel rooms when they are away, using the hotel's reservation system. The turn-key investment opportunity attracted a number of buyers, as marketing materials suggested rooms could be rented up to 75% of the time at rates averaging over $500 a night.
Because of the turnkey investment nature of condo-hotels, they're generally considered to be commercial properties and, therefore, are nearly impossible to get traditional mortgages for. In the case of the Trump, some buyers who assumed they could get regular mortgages were shocked to find their only options for financing required at least 50% down payments, and mortgage rates as high as 12%.
The commercial tag extends to taxation as well. In Toronto, commercial property taxes are much higher than residential property taxes. Canadians who rent out their suites also pay tax on rental income, charged at their highest marginal income tax rate.
When those investors who were able to come up with financing did finally close on their units, it was after years of delays. Occupancy rates were lower than expected; by the time the Trump opened, other similar luxury offerings like the Shangri-La and Four Seasons were competing in the space. Owners were on the hook for thousands a month in maintenance fees, while their rooms were rented for half of what they expected.
Type Of Property: Are you investing in a residential property like a condo or house, or is it a commercial venture like a condo-hotel?
Contracts: In the case of the Trump, investors weren't able to get out of their contracts. Be diligent if you're buying a pre-construction property and know what the repercussions are if you want to sell or assign your unit, or aren't able to get financing.
Financing: The rules are different for investment properties. Lenders will look for higher down payments, proof of rental income, and proof you can afford to carry your property in times when it's not rented. If you're investing in a residential property, you may be able to get a similar mortgage rate to what you would get for your principle residence. If you're investing a commercial property, it could be a lot harder to get a loan.
Taxes: Don't forget to factor in land transfer tax when you buy, and property tax for as long as you own the property. In Canada, you also have to pay income tax on any money you make from renting out your property. You could also pay capital gains tax when it comes time to sell, even if you've only rented out a portion of your house. And if you're buying new construction, you'll have to keep the property for at least a year to avoid paying back any GST rebates.
Laws: Condo or municipal by-laws could impact how you're allowed to use your property. You should be especially aware of this if you're planning to use your space as a short-term rental. Some condo buildings don't allow short-term rentals at all, and some municipalities require you apply for a license and pay fees.
What is the Penalty if I Break My Mortgage with Tangerine? | {
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Congratulations to Mrs. Amy Willis! She is the first Hoover City Schools elementary teacher to win the Teacher in the Trenches Award! This new prestigious award was given by the Finley Company that recognizes teachers who go above and beyond to serve and support our students! | {
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In the 1960's I spent a total of two years on Macquarie Island, first as Auroral Physicist employed by the Antarctic Division and later as a postgraduate student. I visited the island again in the 1970's during resupply trips. It was a rainy, windswept place teeming with wildlife – several species of penguin, fur seals and elephant seals, skuas, giant petrels and other sea birds all within the environs of the main base at Buckles Bay at the northern end of the island.
Further afield, various sorts of albatross nested. The wandering albatross nesting on the coastal plain could be approached without attempting flight. They are the world's largest flying bird, so large that they can only become airborne with difficulty. Another albatross, the incredibly beautiful, light-mantled sooty albatross, nested among the giant grass tussocks which completely covered the steep slopes. Occasionally, on the plateau, among cushion plants and rocks, a feral cat would be glimpsed from afar. They were larger than domestic cats and generally ginger in colour.
On the coastal plains of grass and featherbed bog were rabbits and wekas. The Stewart Island weka is a flightless rail similar to the kiwi and introduced by the sealers. The wekas were amusing little creatures like fluffy, chestnut brown bantams. They occupied small territories with fiercely contested, but imaginary, boundary lines. On the beaches and around the base were piles of smelly, rotting kelp and numerous fat elephant seals either moulting, mating or fighting depending on the time of the year. It was like living in a zoo.
Much of this has changed. The changes began with the extermination of the feral cats between 1985 and 2000 in an attempt to restore the island and its bird population to its pristine state. This led to an explosion in the rabbit population once this predator had been removed. Attempts to control the rabbits started as early as 1968 but with little success. It now appears that it was primarily the cats keeping them in check.
The rabbits have devastated the island. The formerly copious tussock grasses which consolidated the steep slopes have been almost entirely denuded. This has resulted in a loss of habitat for nesting birds and an increased number of landslides. As a consequence, ten species of seabirds are now considered threatened. More recently, in the last two years, extensive dieback of the cushion plant, Azorela, has been observed throughout the plateau region.
These things add up to an ecological disaster comparable with the introduction of the cane toad or prickly pear in an earlier era. This futile attempt to manage a subantarctic ecosystem has been an unmitigated disaster. There has been no apology, nor even acknowledgement from those involved. Instead current environmental problems are either blamed on the sealers of two centuries ago or on the shortcomings of funding arrangements.
On 1 September 2012 the ABC Science Show broadcast a program "Macquarie Island: ecological progress with challenges ahead" which can be downloaded from the ABC web site. The program begins: Macquarie Island is the only land found between Australia and Antarctica. It is a haven for wildlife. Soon after discovery in 1810 it was exploited. Fur seals were butchered for their pelts, and within just 10 years they were wiped out. The foreign visitors introduced rabbits, rodents, mice and new plants which quickly took over from the native flora. This ecological disaster prompted the Australian federal and state governments to implement a Pest Eradication Project in 2011 targeting the introduced pests in a massive aerial baiting operation. Now the project is bearing fruit. Matthew Crawford visits Macquarie Island and finds a land almost devoid of animal pests, but still in critical need of help from invasive weeds, and a mystery response of some native plants which are experiencing dieback.
Rabbits, to an extent, were controlled by the myxoma virus but the effectiveness gradually declined. The population really exploded in the last ten or so years before a one-off hit of calicivirus and the big aerial baiting operation last year.
Also interviewed on the island was Dana Bergstrom, Principal Research Scientist, Australian Antarctic Division. In 2009 Bergstrom was lead author of a paper in the Journal of Applied Ecology: Indirect effects of invasive species removal devastate World Heritage Island.
Using a combination of population data from of an invasive herbivore, plot-scale vegetation analyses, and satellite imagery, we show how a management intervention to eradicate a mesopredator has inadvertently and rapidly precipitated landscape-wide change on sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island. This happened despite the eradication being positioned within an integrated pest management framework. Following eradication of cats Felis catus in 2001, rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus numbers increased substantially although a control action was in place (Myxoma virus), resulting in island-wide ecosystem effects.
In other words, the rabbit plague, which has so far cost $25 million to fix, was a direct consequence of the removal of feral cats from Macquarie Island. This was well known to at least one of the people interviewed. It was neither mentioned nor even hinted at in the course of the 50 minute program.
Why not? What is going on here? It is hard to believe that Project Manager, Springer, was not aware of this paper. If so his statements about the failure of myxoma virus, which had been trialed unsuccessfully for decades, are disingenuous to say the least.
Climate change is a recurring theme, the subtext of this whole exercise despite the fact that there has been a met station on Macquarie since 1949 with accurate and comprehensive records showing negligible variation in the climate of the island over this interval. It did not prevent the rabbit explosion being attributed to this cause prior to the Bergstrom et al paper.
And to be honest we haven't got any solid leads at this stage. We do think that it's exacerbated by a change in climate on the island, we think that's definitely got something to do with it, and whether that's interacting with the changing climate, it's interacting with pathogens, or there are other interactions at play, we're still trying to work out the detail, but there's definitely something going on that isn't good for the Azorella on Macquarie Island.
Perhaps the aerial broadcasting of hundreds of tons (yes hundreds of tons) of a very nasty rat poison called brodifacoum as part of the baiting program could be a factor. Or is that particular explanation off-limits? Did anyone bother to research the possible effects of aerial baiting on the flora of the island?
This radio program was misleading and dishonest and amounted to, quite literally, propaganda for the Antarctic Division and the Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service. We have one government agency, the ABC, participating in the cover-up of a massive blunder perpetrated by other government agencies.
But there are deeper issues. The Macquarie Island rabbit holocaust is a good test case because it represents a microcosm of how things work on a larger scale, of how science is corrupted by the environmental movement.
There are issues concerning the way science and scientists are perceived by the public and by themselves. Why is it assumed that science always gets it right, that industry alone is capable of wrecking the environment? There are issues about the unholy alliance between environmental scientists on the government payroll and environmental activists and lobby groups acting politically. There are issues about the way in which scientists manufacture environmental "threats" to extract money from government so as to keep themselves well funded.
Sometime back in the late 20th century a decision was made to restore Macquarie Island to a condition similar to that which prevailed prior to the arrival of human beings in 1804. As I recall, this decision was arrived at slowly over many decades. It was always seen as desirable to remove or cull the introduced species. We also needed to ask whether it was possible, how it should have been done, whether it could have unintended consequences and what it would cost. I don't think anyone really asked those questions.
The desirability or otherwise is not a scientific question; it is a value judgment, one about which an informed layman has just as much right to an opinion as a scientist or other expert. Scientists do not own Macquarie Island even though they use it as their private ecological sandpit.
When I was there the island appeared to be in a relatively stable state. Fur seals were coming back and their numbers were steadily building. Dove prions nesting in burrows were a worry because rabbits competed for burrows and cats took the chicks. There was concern that rabbits and cats were a problem for such native birds. What no-one seemed to notice was that the rabbits and cats had been at it for nearly two centuries. Any species threatened with extinction would have already disappeared. The island had arrived at a new stable ecology, albeit one involving introduced species.
Was it possible to remove all the introduced species? Many of New Zealand's offshore islands had been restored to ecological health chiefly by removal of rats and these provided a benchmark. However Macquarie was a very different kettle of fish: three days' sail from civilization and much bigger than any of the NZ islands. It was the largest island for which such a pest eradication program had ever been attempted. This fact alone should have sounded alarm bells.
What is really hard to understand is how this program came to be so badly implemented. Prior to their removal it was well known that rabbits provided the main diet for feral cats and that they had few other predators. Given the well known propensity of rabbits to breed, well, like rabbits, you don't need a PhD in ecology to work out that removal of the cats could lead to a population explosion. Nevertheless a study was carried out and a report written recommending that the cats be exterminated. I have been unable to obtain a copy of this report even from the author; it seems to have been airbrushed out of the literature.
What rankles most is the extermination of the wekas. They were feisty little creatures with loads of character. Certainly they were introduced but were they really a threat? If so, how? I suppose that report has been lost as well.
And why does introduced always mean bad? There seems to be a puritanical impulse among environmental types to restore the world, or parts of it, to some imagined, stable, pre-industrial glory where every prospect pleases and only Man is vile. There is a life-hating, totalitarian streak about this head-set, a failure to accept the world as it is, warts and all. The ruthless extermination of Macquarie Island's wekas, cats and rabbits in the name of Science sounds a lot like a Final Solution.
A refutation of this article by Jeremy Smith can be found here.
A response by the author can be found here. | {
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Арме́н Серге́евич Григоря́н (род. 24 ноября 1960, Москва) — советский и российский рок-музыкант, основатель, лидер, вокалист, ритм-гитарист, а также автор почти всех песен московской рок-группы «Крематорий».
Биография
Родился в Москве в армянской семье. Отец — Сергей Аристакесович Григорян (ум. 1995), мать — Аида Михайловна Тунян (ум. 1991). Мог родиться в Каире, где его родители находились в командировке, но из-за вспыхнувшей в Египте неизвестной эпидемии мать уехала в Москву. В детстве увлекался футболом, трижды был чемпионом Ленинградского района Москвы на приз «Кожаный мяч». Ещё в школе, в 1974 году основал группу «Чёрные пятна». Учился в московской средней школе № 167. В 1977 году, поступив в Московский авиационный институт на факультет радиоэлектроники, совместно с Евгением «Джоном» Хомяковым и Александром «Стивом» Севастьяновым организовал группу «Атмосферное давление».
В 1983 году организует рок-группу «Крематорий», которая поначалу выступает на квартирах и вскоре быстро набирает популярность в рок-кругах столицы, а затем и на всесоюзном уровне (после выхода в 1986 году альбома «Иллюзорный Мир»). Тогда же группа «Крематорий» на фестивале Московской рок-лаборатории получила «Гран-при». Первым концертом за пределами Москвы стало выступлением группы на I-ом фестивале Воронежского рок-клуба в мае 1987 года в качестве почётного гостя. В 1988 году записывается и выходит самый известный альбом группы — «Кома». Журнал «Аврора» назвал «Кому» одним из лучших альбомов года. На песню «Мусорный ветер» был снят клип, показанный по телевидению, а остальные песни с этой пластинки — «Реанимационная машина», «Безобразная Эльза», «Клаустрофобия», «Хабибулин», «Кондратий», «Пир белых мумий», «Гончие псы» и «Харе Рама» стали хитами. После этого в 1988 году «Крематорий» начал свою гастрольную деятельность.
В 1994 году снимался фильм «Тацу» с участием Насти и «Крематория», получившийся довольно слабым и не поступивший в прокат, что не помешало использовать его как основу ряда видеоклипов группы. В 1990-х годах «Крематорий» выпускал альбомы и гастролировал по бывшему СССР и по русскому зарубежью (концерты в Израиле, Германии, США).
Григорян считается одним из «отцов» русского рока, а «Крематорий» стоит по вкладу в развитие рок-музыки в России в одном ряду с другими «доперестроечными» командами. Лирика Григоряна многогранна, в песнях пересекаются реальный и потусторонний миры. Особое внимание Григорян уделяет теме жизни после смерти, различным религиям. Тексты песен, в 1980-е годы зачастую нарочито грубые, «бытовые», сегодня стали довольно элитарны. На музыку «Крематория» всегда оказывали влияние различные музыкальные течения, от вальса до тяжёлого рока. В аранжировках на одном уровне с соло-гитарой уделяется внимание скрипке, что придаёт «Крематорию» особый колорит.
К самым известным хитам группы «Крематорий» относятся такие песни, как «Мусорный ветер», «Безобразная Эльза», «Маленькая девочка», «Сексуальная кошка», «Крематорий», «Лепрозорий», «Таня», «Клубника со льдом», «Аутсайдер», «Хабибулин», «Кондратий», «Последний шанс», «Три источника», «Катманду», «Амстердам» и др.
В середине 2000-х Григорян создал сольный проект «Третий Ангел» («3' Ангел»). В 2006 году вышел альбом группы «Китайский танк». Группа «Крематорий» во главе с Григоряном при этом продолжала действовать параллельно. Григорян стал единственным артистом за всю историю фестиваля «Нашествие», который выступил на фестивале с двумя действующими группами.
В 2008 году Григорян в сотрудничестве с саунд-продюсером Ильёй Шаповаловым и сессионными музыкантами выпустил альбом «Амстердам», получивший в 2009 году «Золотой диск» от Всероссийской ассоциации производителей фонограмм за выдающиеся результаты продаж. Заглавная песня неоднократно поднималась на 1-е место хит-парада «Чартова дюжина», а по итогам года заняла 2-е место и 4-е — по длительности пребывания в «ЧД» за всю историю её существования.
На вершину этого хит-парада поднимались и последующие работы Григоряна и «Крематория», уже обновлённого состава: «Чемодан президента» из одноимённого альбома 2013 года, песня «Жизнь» из 16-го номерного альбома «Люди-невидимки», вышедшего в 2016-ом и получившего высокие оценки авторитетных критиков, обозревателей и меломанов и возглавившего продажи на крупнейших цифровых витринах.
В 2019 году Армен Григорян, уже давно работавший над своими мемуарами, заканчивает написание первой авторизованной биографии группы «Крематорий». Книга, получившая название «Призраки Крематория. История группы от первого лица», издаётся крупнейшим российским non-fiction издательством «Бомбора» и получает тёплые отзывы критиков и читателей. В числе неоспоримых достоинств книги рецензенты, в частности, отметили, что книга читается «на одном дыхании... это не старческое «были когда-то и мы рысаками». Во-вторых, не менторское «учись, студент!». И даже не промежуточное подведение итогов», и что ««Призраки Крематория» очень не похожи на музыкальную биографию, хотя все формальные признаки здесь соблюдены. Этапы становления группы, бесценная информация о записи альбомов, смены составов, квартирники, концерты – информация более чем исчерпывающая».
Параллельно с литературной деятельностью Григорян в 2020 - 2021 гг. завершает работу над последним на данный момент студийным циклом песен «Крематория», получившим название «Охотник» и изданным в 2021 году лейблом звукозаписи Warner Music Russia.
Григорян реализовал ряд немузыкальных проектов:
как художник в 2000-е годы открыл ряд персональных выставок и выпустил каталог собственных работ;
снялся в одной из главных ролей в картине «Как найти идеал» (Киев);
для аудиокниги из серии «О загадочных происшествиях» (из серии «уРок Литературы») исполнил произведения Николая Гоголя «Нос», Леонида Андреева «Елеазар», Александра Куприна «Жидкое солнце» и Александра Грина «Редкий фотографический аппарат»;
реализовал несколько авторских архитектурных проектов с ландшафтным дизайном и внутренним интерьером.
Семья
Отец Армена Григоряна, Сергей Аристакесович, был авиаконструктором и дипломатом-востоковедом. Мать — Аида Михайловна (в девичестве — Тунян, родом из армянского города Горис) — была химиком-микробиологом.
Был женат дважды, первый раз на Ирине Халютиной (в браке с которой родились старшие сын и дочь Григоряна), второй раз на Дарье Шаталовой, ныне состоит в неофициальном браке с Наталией Серой. У Григоряна четверо детей: Григор (род. 1990), Елизавета (род. 1991), Анна-Екатерина (род. 1998), Ксения (род. 2001).
Сольная дискография
2006 — Армен Григорян и «3' Ангел» — Китайский танк
Библиография
А. Григорян. Проза, стихи. «Земные дороги ведут не в Рим». Северодвинск, рок-библиотека «Кайфа» (1992)
«Поэты русского рока: Петр Мамонов, Константин Никольский, Александр Ф. Скляр, Алексей Романов, Армен Григорян, Найк Борзов». М., «Азбука-классика» (2004)
30 песен Армена Григоряна и группы «Крематорий»: В нот. записи для голоса с гитар. аккордами / Отв. за вып. А. Московкин. М., ЛЕАН : АНТАО (1998)
А. Григорян. Песни. «Клубника со льдом». Москва, Эксмо-Пресс (2002)
А. Григорян. «Призраки Крематория. История группы от первого лица». Москва, Бомбора (2020). ISBN 978-5-04-089008-8
Фильмография
1994 — Тацу
2008 — Как найти идеал
Факты
Одноклассником Григоряна был будущий серийный убийца Сергей Головкин (Фишер), убивший 11 детей.
Имя Григоряна трижды включалось в ежегодный список «100 известных армян, проживающих в России», по версии читателей газеты «Ноев Ковчег» (2007, 2008 и 2009 гг.).
На песню «Гоблины и Хоббиты» (альбом «Амстердам») профессором Вадимом Родионовым и аспиранткой МГПУ Ольгой Смыковой был смонтирован видеоряд, ставший основой для тренингового занятия в сфере профилактики наркозависимости у подростков и молодёжи. Эта работа была опубликована в 2010 году, как видеоприложение к журналу «Вестник практической психологии образования».
Примечания
Ссылки
Официальный сайт группы «Крематорий»
Официальный сайт проекта «3' Ангел»
Рок в Армении и армяне в роке
Азбука людей-брендов
«Смысл жизни необъясним без смерти» — видеобеседа Армена Григоряна с каббалистом Михаэлем Лайтманом
Армен Григорян в радиопрограмме «Граненый стакан» разбивает культурные стереотипы — талант в России должен быть пьяным и рваным
Душевного онанизма не было Лидер группы «Крематорий» о пьянстве в прошлом и гражданском долге в настоящем (2012)
Жизнь в 10 песнях: Армен Григорян, «Крематорий». 29 августа 2016, ROLLING STONE
Музыканты группы «Крематорий»
Поэты СССР
Поэты России
Поэты XX века
Поэты России XX века
Поэты XXI века
Поэты России XXI века
Композиторы СССР
Композиторы России
Композиторы XX века
Композиторы XXI века
Рок-музыканты СССР
Рок-музыканты России
Выпускники Московского авиационного института
Рок-вокалисты России | {
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Brekford Completes Sale of Vehicle Services Business to LB&B Associates Inc.; New GPS Entity Formed
COLUMBIA, MARYLAND: LB&B Associates Inc., the diversified services company operating in over twenty five states, the District of Columbia, and overseas locations, announces that on February 28, 2017, an agreement was reached with Brekford Corp., a leading public safety and security technology service provider of fully integrated automated traffic safety enforcement solutions, to finalize the sale of 80.1% of Brekford Crop.'s vehicle services business to LB&B Associates Inc. ("LB&B"). The result is the formation on March 1, 2017, of a new entity known as Global Public Safety (GPS). Brekford retains ownership of 19.9% of GPS as a minority member.
GPS is positioned for significant expansion of its public safety solutions business under the leadership of LB&B. With an ongoing minority interest in GPS, Brekford will also assist in whatever manner requested to help that business flourish.
Deal is Consistent with Earlier Merger Agreement
The sale is in keeping with a definitive merger agreement signed between Brekford and Keystone Solutions, Inc. ("Keystone") on February 10, 2017, which included a condition that Brekford was required to sell its vehicle upfitting business to a company with the resources to grow the business nationally.
LB&B, in business since 1992, currently operates nationwide, providing diversified services such as facilities management, logistics, transportation, warehousing and distribution, security, simulation systems support and training, and base operations support for both federal government and private sector clients. Key LB&B customers include the U.S. Navy, Air Force, Army, Marine Corps, GSA, National Archives, CMS, and DHS.
Brekford Corp. Known for Innovative, Longstanding Commitment to Public Traffic Safety
Brekford Corp., headquartered in Hanover, Maryland, provides state-of-the art automated traffic enforcement solutions to municipalities, and other public safety agencies throughout the United States. Its services include automated speed, red light, and distracted driving camera enforcement programs. Brekford's combination of automated traffic enforcement services with a longstanding background and foundation in public safety solutions offers a unique 360-degree solution for law enforcement agencies and municipalities. Its common stock is traded on the OTC Markets under the symbol "BFDI." Additional information on Brekford can be accessed online at www.brekford.com. | {
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