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iol
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JOHANNESBURG - Two weeks ago, statistician-general Risenga Maluleke released inflation-adjusted poverty lines for the year 2018.
The Consumer Price Index, which is the rate at which prices of household consumption goods change over time, has been benign for more than a decade.
In this regard, the changes on poverty lines have also not been that drastic. However, the poverty level changes captured do imply a higher income requirement for each line in 2018 compared to the same period in 2017.
The table illustrates what would be the rand level amounts that are required to keep individuals just about out of poverty in respect of anyone of the poverty lines illustrated in the years of 2017-2018.
For instance, to maintain the same standard of poverty for individuals that were on the Food Poverty Line in April 2017, an additional sum of R16 per capita on top of R531 will be required to keep an individual at the same poverty level of 2017. If this money is not provided, ceteris paribus, then the individual will be worse off in 2018 compared to 2017.
In August 2017, as the then-statistician-general, I had released a report that showed that poverty had accelerated in South Africa, with more people living below each of the poverty lines in 2015 compared to 2011. By then, 55.5percent of the population lived below the upper poverty line of R1138, compared to 53.2percent who lived below the equivalent line in 2011.
The report went further, to show the link between poverty and education, whereby those without schooling were 10 times more likely to live in poverty compared to those with a university degree.
Not only was this the case, but those without education had their poverty levels increase, while those with university education showed more resilience. Their already low poverty level remained the same even in the face of deteriorating economic conditions which in significant ways were prime drivers of poverty.
In the report, while drought would have contributed, the key drivers of poverty remained unemployment and the poor economic growth. With a severe momentum in the youth bulge who are unemployed, we are then more likely to see even deeper stresses going forward.
That then reminded me of the interview former Russian president Boris Yeltsin had after assuming office when asked about the crystal ball for Russia for the year ahead.
Yeltsin bellowed back: “This year is certainly better than next year.” I could not help but remind myself that he could have then been referring to the current year in comparison to next year for South Africa.
The reports on economic growth and levels of unemployment, which Maluleke released, the subsequent downward revisions on growth numbers by Reserve Bank Governor Lesetja Kganyago, the impending retrenchments on the mines, the oft-cagey and fork-tongued pronouncements for civil service retrenchments under-girded by almost a decade of economic mismanagement and graft, show a troubling trend unlikely to mitigate the poverty levels measured in 2015.
To this add the persistent uncertainty and end-of-June failure to pay social grants. This not only plunges the vulnerable into further poverty, but exposes them to the immediacy of hunger, starvation, malnutrition and stunting.
Very little doubt remains in our minds that like in the case of Yeltsin then, 2017 was a better year than 2018. The situation continues to deteriorate.
We need to remind ourselves that next year is the year politicians of all shapes and sizes will be criss-crossing the country ensuring that South Africa meets the democratic right of free will to choose political leadership that will lead South Africa for the next five years.
Show me the plan, show me the evidence that what you promise is doable and how it will benefit South Africa, my community and I? How is what you say going to change poverty lines and at what point can we check your promise against a plan to know that we are on course or otherwise?
What are the attendant risks for the path you promise and how can we mitigate them? Once you got the answers then illustrate what it is you would do to advance the purpose yourself.
While a cross on the ballot box is an arbiter of who wins or loses an election, that cross is an albatross on democracy and only through evidence can such a burden of choice be made with an honest and clear conscience informed by hard evidence.
Only then we can understand the depth of our crisis, the profound urgency for accountability and the pressing need for us to put shoulder to the wheel.
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2019-04-19T02:23:13Z
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https://www.iol.co.za/business-report/opinion/opinion-the-pressing-urgency-to-address-unemployment-16666392
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Sports
|
Reference
| 0.525434 |
theatlantic
|
Lina Estepan has two jobs—one as a bus cleaner, the other as a cafeteria worker. In an interview, she talks about the impact that a 60-hour workweek has on her life.
Americans are working harder than they used to to stay afloat. After adjusting for inflation, the average two-parent household in the U.S. earned 23 percent more in 2009 than they did in 1978. But they did so by working 26 percent more hours. Discounting those extra work hours, wages have remained stagnant for the median family for nearly four decades.
In 2012, 5 percent of workers in the U.S. held more than one job. Lina Estepan is one of them. She works at least 60 hours a week at two jobs to make ends meet: one as a full-time bus cleaner, the other as a part-time cafeteria worker in a high school. For The Atlantic’s series of interviews with American workers, I spoke with Estepan about how her cafeteria job is connected to her dream of working in the restaurant industry and how she manages her busy workload. The interview that follows has been lightly edited for length and clarity.
Adrienne Green: What brought you to start working in a school cafeteria?
Lina Estepan: My dream was to be a restaurant owner. I went to school and got an associates degree in hotel and restaurant management. When I graduated, I found out that there were not a lot of jobs out there for that position. The restaurant jobs that they were offering me were minimum wage, so I went to work for New Jersey Transit. I wasn't making enough money at New Jersey Transit to cover my bills, so I end up getting a second job with the school.
I'm a full-time employee at New Jersey Transit. I work 40 hours a week over there. At the school, where I work part-time, it’s 20 to 25 hours a week. I work at the school from 9 a.m. to 1:45 p.m., and for New Jersey Transit I work from 8 p.m. to 4:30 a.m. I sleep when I have time or when I can, and after that you just have to pick up the pieces. Working in the restaurant industry was my passion, and it still is. But I couldn't survive the hours and the money they were paying. I still can’t, so I had to go elsewhere and find another job.
Green: What are your responsibilities at each of those jobs?
Estepan: At the school, I prepare food for the kids and also clean in the kitchen. At New Jersey Transit, I clean buses. I’ve been working these two jobs for five years. I love both my jobs, and I'm making a little bit more money, but I'm barely surviving.
I have an excellent relationship with the students. We're there to serve the food and make sure that they have a nutritious meal at the end of the day, and that they're not at school for eight hours and starving. We have a lot of kids [that have come to school without having eaten]. We have over 100 kids that come for breakfast every day. That's how I started, serving breakfast. I'm a mother myself; some of these kids, their parents are just like me, struggling to make it.
Green: You have two children. What is your work-life balance like?
Estepan: My personal life begins when my work ends. Right now, I pick up my kids from school, make them dinner, and help them do homework. I take my kids to the park sometimes, or to the movies, as much as I can afford. After that, I get ready to go to work.
Green: What do you think is the most challenging and the most rewarding parts of your jobs?
Estepan: The most challenging is feeling like we're not really getting paid enough for the work that we do. The most rewarding is you know that you get up every day and you go and you get to see these amazing kids. With the New Jersey Transit job, it's not that I don't value my job or appreciate my job, but I couldn't say that's my career. I'm sweeping and mopping buses, so I see that as a job. [For my food-service job,] what makes me want to go to work at the school is knowing that I'm actually kind of fulfilling my dream of working in a restaurant.
Green: Are you more excited about the possibilities of one job more than the other, or do you perceive them both just as ways to make ends meet?
Estepan: I see my school job as what I want to do, but right now, that is just the way for me to support my family. I don't think that makes me less motivated. Everyday, when you come to work, some way or somehow you have to love what you do. If you don't, it's going to be miserable. I'm not saying I'm miserable, I love the people I work with and when it comes to the school, that's what I envisioned about my future myself when I was in high school. The problem is that we’re working and we can't even feed our family with the money we're making.
Green: How does that make you feel?
Estepan: Unhappy. If you have to support your family at $10.05-an-hour salary and you cannot live in that county where you work, don't you feel like there's something not right in that picture? I grew up in Bergen County, I work in Bergen County, but I don't live in Bergen County because I cannot pay the rent in Bergen County with the money I make. That's the experience of everybody I work with. I'm serving food to hundreds of kids. Meanwhile, I can barely put food on the table for my kids.
Green: Do you feel like people value the job that you do?
Estepan: When these kids come to us and they say thank you, and they appreciate what we do. The kids value our job, but I feel like our employer does not really value our job.
Respect is not signaled by a number with a dollar sign, but I don't think our contract is right. I'm a union member, and we are actually part of the $15 minimum wage movement for New Jersey. I won't say that I'm going to be doing what a millionaire does [if I made $15 an hour], but I'd be a lot better off than I am right now.
This interview is a part of a series about the lives and experiences of members of the American workforce, which includes conversations with a home care worker, an exotic dancer, and an orchid grower.
It's not possible for a poor single mother to "make it" in America. I put myself through school—undergrad and graduate school—while raising my daughter. Even with an MFA, the most I've ever made in a year was $28,000. I am always living paycheck to paycheck, and that's with $100,000 student debt in deferment. I have to rely on food stamps, state health care, and section 8 housing to avoid homelessness. I don't see how I can possibly "make it" when I'm always trying to stay afloat.
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2019-04-21T12:29:03Z
|
https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/09/two-jobs-cafeteria-bus/500207/
|
Sports
|
Arts
| 0.082081 |
oua
|
OTTAWA (CIS) – For the first time in program history, the Saint Mary’s Huskies are the top-ranked team in CIS women’s basketball.
In other sports, Guelph (women’s & men’s cross country), Alberta (men’s hockey & men’s volleyball), Carleton (men’s basketball), McGill (women’s hockey) and UBC (women’s volleyball) all maintain their No. 1 status.
Guelph heads into Saturday’s CIS cross country championships in London, Ont., as a heavy favourite in both the women’s and men’s events. The Gryphons once again swept the OUA team banners this season and will be looking to add to their remarkable record streaks of eighth straight national women’s titles and seven consecutive men’s crowns.
In women’s basketball, the Huskies, who were ranked behind Windsor and Alberta in the inaugural Top 10 of the campaign last Tuesday, move up to No. 1 after the Lancers (1-1) and Pandas (1-1) both dropped a game in their first weekend of conference play.
Saint Mary’s edged Windsor by only one point in the second coaches’ poll (491 to 490) after receiving 22 first-place votes compared to 12 for the three-time defending Bronze Baby Trophy champions.
Windsor and Alberta drop to second and fourth, respectively, in the new Top 10, with No. 3 Fraser Valley and No. 5 Saskatchewan rounding out the leading quintet. Fraser Valley (10) and Alberta (1) also merited first-place nods.
Saint Mary’s (0-0), which claimed its first-ever CIS medal (bronze) last March, opens its AUS schedule this weekend with a Saturday-Sunday doubleheader at Memorial. Led by Canadian senior national team member Justine Colley, the reigning CIS player of the year and three-time scoring champion, the Huskies kept a perfect 6-0 mark in pre-season action, including four wins over CIS opponents.
Other teams receiving votes: McMaster (53), Carleton (49).
Other teams receiving votes: Laurentian (88), McMaster (79).
Other teams receiving votes: Lakehead (16), Waterloo (4), York (4), StFX (3), Moncton (1), Queen’s (1), Ryerson (1), UQTR (1).
Next highest votes: Laval (15), Calgary (14), Ryerson (10), Mount Royal (8), Saskatchewan (8), Winnipeg (8).
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2019-04-26T10:08:53Z
|
http://www.oua.ca/sports/fball/2013-14/releases/FB_1105132911.html
|
Sports
|
Sports
| 0.975401 |
miamiherald
|
But Democrats would be foolish to think this guarantees Clinton a victory in November, because, for all Trump’s faults, he has an advantage: He connects with Americans feeling economic anxiety. Trump has the potential to best Clinton in an area that traditionally benefits Democrats: a perception that he cares about the problems of ordinary Americans.
This “empathy gap” propelled President Obama past Mitt Romney in 2012 and nearly allowed socialist Bernie Sanders to topple Clinton. If she can’t fix the problem, it could doom her in November.
▪ Putting the liberal icon on the ticket would reunite the party and energize Sanders supporters who feel Clinton hasn’t gone far enough in adopting his theme of economic justice.
▪ An all-woman ticket would electrify Democrats and widen a gender gap that is already broad enough to swallow Trump, long accused of misogyny.
▪ Above all, Warren’s passionate populism would provide a perfect antidote to the oft-bankrupt billionaire Trump. If Clinton embraced Warren, and more of her agenda, she could match Trump’s appeal to disaffected, white, working-class voters.
Clinton’s problem can be seen in last month’s Quinnipiac University poll of voters nationally. Asked whether she “cares about the needs and problems of people like you,” only 42 percent said yes — a strikingly low number for a Democrat. Sanders rated 61 percent, and Obama (though not the best at establishing bonds with the common man) has generally been in the high 60s.
Clinton scored only six points better than Trump. Compare that to the summer of 2012, when Obama enjoyed a 22-point advantage over Romney on a similar question.
Enter Warren, who declined to run for the nomination and remains neutral. Based on how well Sanders has done, the charismatic Warren, in retrospect, probably would have beaten Clinton.
On the eve of Super Tuesday, she wrote an op-ed for The Boston Globe reminding all of her empathy bona fides. “I graduated from law school nine months pregnant with my second baby — and 100 percent unemployable,” she began, before making the case of a $15 minimum wage and expanded Social Security.
Warren, from modest means in Oklahoma, has as much populist fire as Trump but rages against Wall Street instead of making scapegoats of China and Mexico. And her populism is more inspiring than Trump’s talk of killing and grabbing.
|
2019-04-19T16:26:32Z
|
https://www.miamiherald.com/opinion/op-ed/article64477192.html
|
Sports
|
Reference
| 0.144817 |
wordpress
|
Since there was a rayboyjr sighting on the comments last week, it reminded me that you wanted more eye candy up in hurr. K, maybe it’s just him being pervy, but what the hey… I found this photo in my archives and I thought I’d share. My friend goin’ keeeeel me! Ahahahaha!
What else has been going on? Work had been absolutely murdering me (what else is new?), wifey is exhausted from all the feedings, and the bebe is still fun as ever! I’m still waiting for my daughter to smile or laugh at/with me. That’s gonna be fun!
So what’s going on with you guys? Holla!
CHOKE winnahz last week! Please help me congratumalate Ynaku, pink lady, carokun, tita leerz, kuya.d, Coconut Willy, tweetpeep22, Paco, and snow, aka knockers, pinky, c-chan, leerz, dewzy, Dubbs, tpizzle, 2Pac, and Informer! Check out da leadahboard below for the updates!
Anyway, just wanted to share that the guys at the Pearlridge Sears went beyond the call tonight and I wanted to give them a little shout out here if you don’t mind. They close at 9 and I probably got there about 8:30. Not only did they squeeze me in, but when I got back to my car, they were finishing up a complimentary wheel alignment (on all 4 tires) and also checked my oil levels. I only got a new battery mind you. I know the oil is not that hard, but the fact that they did the alignment (not quick and easy) when they were already beyond closed was beyond the call IMO. Much love Sears peeps!
With that outta the way, hurr we gooooo!
mmm, I wonder if the @riceworks folks would be interested in coming to @ricefest someday? delish!
chaos at the @reynspooner ultimate factory sale!
Wow, an actual non-“Where In the Hawaii” post. Amazing right?
So I thought I’d send us into the weekend with an extra hop in our step since many of y’all seem to vibe on the topic of music. How this particular subject (1-Hit Wonders) came about was really quite simple. I was recently updating the playlists on my iPod and kept coming across all these musicians and bands that had a song or two that I really liked but didn’t really want to waste precious hard drive space to house their entire albums to. So finally, I just created a playlist called “1-Hit Wonders” and threw um all in there. I won’t tell ya everything I got in that playlist because I wanna leave that for you guys to come up with in the comment area below, but here are some of my favorites!
Yeah, I guess I used to listen to a lot of rap back in the day. Haha!
So how ’bout it? What/Who are your favorite 1-hit wonders???
Tags:1-Hit Wonders, @worldwideed, Biz Markie - Just a Friend, edward sugimoto, Hawaii Rice Festival, iPod, Montell Jordan - This is How We Do It, playlists, Postive K - I Got a Man, rap, rice fest, Where In the Hawaii is Edward Sugimoto?
These photos are starting to become a blur. I hope I don’t repeat any from back in the day. LOL! Nah, I know you guys will keep me in check if I do, right?
K, so I rank this week’s photos as 1, 2 and 3, in terms of difficulty (I think)… One being the hardest. Also, not sure if you’ve noticed, but I’ve been including a hint for each one lately to make um easier. In other words, you should have no excuses for not guessing them correctly. Muhahaha! Nah, nah!
In other news, I was thinking about posting something about 1 Hit Wonders later this week? Think of them and get ready to post on Friday ok? Since we seem to have a music loving `ohana here, I’m hoping we can get choke kine action going on!
Also, Rice Fest 2011 is coming up super fast! Please support a brutha and come on down in September! Details below!
Kay, I think it’s safe to say that carokun took round tree. Coming into this week, she had a commanding 38 point lead, and, after earning 32 more points last week she stay coastin’! She was joined by winners c, tita leerz, Rosette, Ynaku, and tweetpeep22, aka c-chan, sizzle, leerz, Rosey, knockers and t-pain! Check out da leadahboard below for the updates!
Coming up in September, we’re putting on our 2nd Annual Hawaii Rice Festival (I’m one of the co-founders), so come on down and check it out k? Details below!
You are currently browsing the World Wide Ed blog archives for July, 2011.
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2019-04-22T14:09:52Z
|
https://worldwideed.wordpress.com/2011/07/
|
Sports
|
Science
| 0.109915 |
gatech
|
Honors ecology is a team based, problem based course in general ecology. There are no lectures: students are expected to identify the relevant knowledge, learn and apply it to the given problem and are mentored by faculty through this process. Student teams examine five ecological problems ranging from single species conservation/management to watershed health assessment. Several of these projects (changes in biological communities through time, watershed health) are focused on local communities. Others (fisheries management) examine the needs and conflicts of different stakeholders in 3rd world communities, but represent common conflicts. Students design and implement experimental (in the field and the laboratory) and analytical approaches to solve the particular problem, and present their results in oral and written products. Students are assessed specifically on problem solving, hypothesis testing, research, communication and team skills, as well as their ecological knowledge.
|
2019-04-24T06:33:04Z
|
http://serve-learn-sustain.gatech.edu/honors-ecology
|
Sports
|
Science
| 0.950778 |
boston
|
Thirty years after the US hockey team’s miracle at Lake Placid, people still can’t get enough of Mike Eruzione. Inside the world of a full-time American legend.
(Elise Amendola/AP) Team USA Olympic women's ice hockey head coach Mark Johnson (left) is joined by Mike Eruzione, captain of the 1980 Olympic gold-medal winning USA hockey team, after practice at Fenway Park in Boston Monday, Jan. 4.
|
2019-04-20T19:48:20Z
|
http://archive.boston.com/bostonglobe/magazine/articles/2010/01/10/15_million_minutes_of_fame/
|
Sports
|
Sports
| 0.853413 |
wordpress
|
Now that you have a sense for why using a creative commons license is an awesome idea, it’s time for you to select a license that fits with your idea of how you want your content to be available to the world. There are a couple of different licenses you can get via creativecommons.org, but you should carefully choose the one you wish to use to license your work! Once a license has been attached to a piece of your work, all copies of that work that have been distributed with that license will continue to be covered under that license. You can change the license you attach to your work (ex. for an updated version of the same work) but there’s no retroactive way to un-license work you’ve already shared.
Also, for those of you concerned that if you openly-license your work with a CC license, you’ll never be able to make a penny from it: you’re covered! You poured your blood, sweat, and tears into a paper, video, or photo album, and then attached a CC BY-NC-SA license to it. The “NC” portion of this license stands for “non-commercial” and is a critical aspect of CC licensing. But what if someone wants to take that same piece of work and use it for commercial purposes…and compensate you? Are you stuck? Nope.
All CC licenses are non-exclusive, meaning you can license your work to the public (with that CC BY-NC-SA) license but also license the work separately to that person who wants to pay you to use your work for commercial purposes. Only that person (or business entity) you licensed your work to for commercial use will be able to use it in that way. You can issue different licenses to your work to different folks depending on when/if business opportunities arise.
In short, the people over at Creative Commons are making it easier for you to protect your rights regarding work you’ve created, while supporting a greater system of sharing. The creativecommons.org website has also had a recent update that makes choosing your license oh-so-much easier. So what are you waiting for? Oh…now let’s see how easy it is to attach a CC license to your blog or website.
5. Paste this code into a “text” or “HTML” widget, which you can add to via the control panel of your blog.
Once this is done, you’ll have a nice shiny Creative Commons license on display on your website or blog. This same HTML code that you pasted into the text/HTML widget can be placed in any HTML document or field, but for the purpose of this post, it made sense to show how to do this inside of the WordPress blogging platform. There are many possibilities, so feel free to explore!
I’m happy to see so many people (youth/adults/learners/builder/movers/shakers…) using Creative Commons licenses more and more every day. The idea of open licensing was brought up in my master’s degree program, but the full implications and benefits of licensing your work to share it with the world did not hit me until much later. I hope some of you find this useful and want to give it a shot.
Tags: blogging, Creative Commons, Licensing, OER, Technology, Websites, Wordpress. Bookmark the permalink.
Thank you, for having the process in steps. I have been trying for a while to add creative commons to my site and now I can. You rock.
You’re very welcome, Mavy. Glad that this was useful!
So I’ve been having trouble with this. When I click the little buttons on my phone on that site, the license changes depending on my selection. (I’m trying to get an Attribution Noncommercial No Derivs.) However, once I’m on my computer, the license stays as Attribution 3.0 Unported. This is really annoying because I had started posting a story to the internet this summer, and now that I’m planning to self-publish it (once it’s revised, of course), I want to protect my work until I’m ready/able to publish. Help!!!
Hey Emmelia- I just used my phone and tried to reproduce the issue you were having. I was able to get the right code for the CC BY-NC-ND license when I did it: https://www.dropbox.com/s/rs0web9jdl2eu05/2013-10-23%2011.18.35.png <—screenshot.
Can you show a link to your site?
Question – My blog is composed of small article-sized posts plus comments about the posts. Since January I’ve received over 1,100 comments about 8 posts. Would it be necessary to register each post by name separately (i.e. A Dangerous Illusion; You Are More, etc.)? If not how would this apply?
Hi Mary- While there is no registration necessary for anything you CC license, you could apply a unique CC license (with the name of the work) on each post if you wished, as opposed to the typical method of placing the CC license in the footer of a blog which would then appear on each page. The latter method would probably not include the name of the work in the license. Hope this is useful.
Hello Billy. I am an 18 year old male, I was doing my first year this year in Information Technology at the Durban University of Technology in South Africa. I started blogging in October this year because I saw it as a platform that would allow me to freely express myself. When I read that one can actually make money from blogging, that was more like a bonus to me. I actually did not know that one can get a licence for their blog until I read your article, thank you so much for this. I am still to purchase a .com domain name to give my blog a more professional approach but I am not going to change the style in which I blog in. Thank you again for your article.
Please do check out my blog in your spare time at http://www.inbedwithsiya.wordpress.com , please also give me a few pointers on what I can do to improve it, that would be very much appreciated.
Thanks for commenting, Siya. Blogging is a wonderful reflective activity, glad to see it is something you enjoy.
I’d like to CC a business template so that others can use, remix, and improve it and I still can maintain attribution. I’m confused by the steps to getting the shiny CC[etc] license icon, since when I copyright music I upload the music (charts/mp3s) to show what I’m copyrighting.
Should I be looking into an alternative method of attribution, since I don’t want to CC the product but the template? Am I understanding CC correctly?
Hi Olivia- To CC-license a business template, you would simply need to choose the license you wish and copy the license icon and attribution statement onto the document. If the template is web-based (ie a website) there’s the HTML license you can use to signal to search engines and others that the work is CC licensed. Obviously, the first method require someone “seeing” the license, whereas the second option should be both visual and what computers can detect. Hope this is useful.
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2019-04-19T17:03:48Z
|
https://billymeinke.wordpress.com/2012/08/08/how-to-get-a-creative-commons-license-for-your-blog-or-website/
|
Sports
|
Arts
| 0.084901 |
sjsu
|
Conference includes 70 speakers (mostly women) on a range of technical subjects such as machine learning, virtual reality, smart cities, self-driving cars, energy generation and management, as well as next-generation diagnostics. There will be professional development workshops, career panels, an Innovation Showcase, and Networking Reception.
Students pay only $20 until January 11, 2019. Price increases to $30 on January 12, 2019.
|
2019-04-24T08:31:02Z
|
https://engineering.sjsu.edu/event/2019-silicon-valley-women-engineering-wie-conference/2019-03-16-070000
|
Sports
|
Business
| 0.785261 |
stanford
|
This polygon shapefile is a representation of the coverage area for 2G mobile communications networks around the world in 2007. The data is created from submissions made directly to Collins Bartholomew or the GSMA from mobile operators, which provide roaming detail for inclusion in the online mapping application known as Collins Mobile Coverage Web. Polygons representing the network coverage have been split into country areas using the country polygons from the Collins World Explorer vector product. Polygons are supplied as multipart, and include any country ISO or FIPS codes where known. The data is supplied with a nominal resolution of approximately 1km on the ground. This map can be used to locate and analyze mobile communications coverage on a global scale.
|
2019-04-21T20:45:38Z
|
https://earthworks.stanford.edu/catalog/nyu-2451-34468
|
Sports
|
Science
| 0.362793 |
golfwrx
|
This episode of “Out of Bounds” with Amanda Rose (@amandagolf59 on Twitter and Instagram) takes a look at a new Tiger Woods shirt, Phil Mickelson’s latest performance, and a wild idea to make the Tiger vs. Phil $10 million match more entertaining. Check out the full video below!
If you’re trying to build credibility on a woman’s perspective of the game, this is definitely not helping. I wish you were actually writing about the women’s game and lending a voice that needs to be heard, instead of clickbait.
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2019-04-25T19:48:58Z
|
http://www.golfwrx.com/531246/out-of-bounds-with-amanda-rose-should-tiger-vs-phil-be-a-ufc-fight-instead-of-a-golf-match/
|
Sports
|
Sports
| 0.9179 |
wordpress
|
Worried about valuables being nicked while you sleep? Why not stick a small metal sign on your pack saying: “Expensive stuff in here”? It’s not like these thieves have knives, right?
Alternatively, put the stuff you can’t afford to lose (passports, cash, card, electronics) in a daypack and use it as a head-rest. Let’s face it. It’s unlikely anyone’s going to want your clothes.
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2019-04-22T00:08:19Z
|
https://travelswithanineyearold.wordpress.com/tag/budget-travel/
|
Sports
|
Reference
| 0.546901 |
columbia
|
Consider the fish that escapes a predator by swishing its tail, or the bird who communicates with its young by vibrating her vocal cords. Movement is how living creatures interact with their environments and each other.
At Columbia’s Zuckerman Institute, we explore how the nervous system gives us the power to move every one of our parts. How do some nerves help our eyes to smoothly swivel and track an object zipping through the air? How do other nerves guide our hands to deftly reach out and grab that object? And how do our brains plan our actions before we even begin them?
Our researchers create molecular tools that illuminate nerve cells in the spinal cord that are critical for movement, and mathematical tools that detect brain-activity patterns important for coordinating muscles. What we are discovering could help athletes and dancers – and all of us – to better understand how our brains control our bodies. This fundamental research could one day inform efforts to treat impairments of movement caused by physical injuries or diseases such as Parkinson’s.
Developed by Richard Mann and Columbia Physics Professor Szabolcs Marka, Flywalker is a combination apparatus and software program that pays close attention to an insect’s steps. The insect strolls over a piece of glass in the device. At the same time, light beamed into the glass bends — much in the same way that light shimmers in a swimming pool — resulting in bursts of light where the fly touches the glass. A video camera captures those bursts and then feeds them into software that reconstructs the fly’s movements, step by step.
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2019-04-20T06:32:33Z
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https://zuckermaninstitute.columbia.edu/movement
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Sports
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Science
| 0.874192 |
chron
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CenterPoint Energy, the Houston regulated utility, filed a request Friday with Texas regulators and cities in its service area to boost electricity delivery rates $161 million, an amount that would raise electricity bills $2.38 a month for customers using 1,000 kilowatt hours of power.
CenterPoint said it needs the extra revenue to cover the costs on new electrical transmission lines to accommodate Houston's population growth, improve the reliability and resiliency of the electric grid and make Hurricane Harvey related repairs. CenterPoint has increased its rates about 2 percent a year over most of the past decade, above the average annual U.S. inflation rate of 1.5 percent during the same period.
Consumers pay transmission and distribution rates on top of what they pay for the electricity. The charges are typically separate line items for customers who don't pay bundled prices for electricity.
Depending on electricity prices, delivery charges can be more expensive than the cost of power.
The filing is the beginning of a 185-day process in which CenterPoint will have to prove to the Public Utility Commission that it has made prudent investments and is entitled to the increase in revenue. CenterPoint has 2.4 million customers.
CenterPoint is also asking the commission and the cities in its service area to boost its return on equity, a proxy for profits, to 10.4 percent. CenterPoint's allowed return is 10 percent, which was set by the Public Utility commission in 2010. That was the last time CenterPoint went before regulators for a full rate review.
In the intervening decade, CenterPoint has raised rates by what is known as distribution cost recovery. Last year when CenterPoint asked regulators for a $82.6 million hike, boosting the monthly bill by 87 cents for customers who use 1,000 kilowatt hours.
The increase would have been 12 cents higher, except for the federal tax overhaul that slashed corporate income taxes. CenterPoint used $39 million from the tax windfall to moderate the increase.
"We strive to keep base rate changes as low as possible and minimize the impact on customers," said Tracy Bridge, executive vice president and president of CenterPoint's electric division.
CenterPoint said it would like to return $97 million in federal tax savings to customers over the next three years.
The Public Utility Commission will determine whether CenterPoint's investments were prudent and whether the utility is entitled to earn profits from them. The last time the commission approved a return on equity was in December when it allowed Texas-New Mexico Power Co. to earn as much as 9.65 percent.
CenterPoint is also requesting permission to install voltage regulation battery technology to connect renewable energy generation projects in its service territory.
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2019-04-20T10:12:06Z
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https://www.chron.com/business/energy/article/CenterPoint-asking-for-more-money-for-delivery-13745395.php?cmpid=ffpower
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Sports
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Business
| 0.952861 |
chalmers
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Vehicles have evolved from mostly mechanical machines into devices controlled by an internal computer network consisting of more than 100 interconnected Electronic Control Units (ECUs). Moreover, modern vehicles communicate with external devices to enable new features, but these new communication facilities also expose safety-critical functions to security threats. As the most prevalent automotive bus, the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is a prime target for attacks. Even though the computer security community has proposed several message authentication solutions to alleviate those threats, such solutions have not yet been widely adopted by the automotive industry. We have identified the most promising CAN message authentication solutions and provide a comprehensive overview of them. In order to investigate the lack of adoption of such solutions, we, together with industry experts, have identified five general requirements they must fulfill in order to be considered viable in industry. Based on those requirements, we analyze and evaluate the identified authentication solutions. We find that none of them meet all the requirements, and that backward compatibility and acceptable overhead are the biggest obstacles.
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2019-04-22T20:53:00Z
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https://research.chalmers.se/publication/253880
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Sports
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Science
| 0.303084 |
wordpress
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These paintings went through lots of different stages, but I believe they are finally resolved.
These will be going into the WCA-NH Annual 6 x 6 Exhibition.
The different framework of these pieces is causing me to rethink how I’ll structure these paintings. What I was doing on the earlier pieces doesn’t seem like it will work on these, so I’m looking for other ideas. For this reason, the process is going a bit slower than I would like.
I miss the rhythm from those other pieces, but I like the more focused and colorful look of these. I’m hoping this will all work out. Time will tell.
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2019-04-25T18:41:23Z
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https://ethelhills.wordpress.com/category/social-media-series/
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Sports
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Arts
| 0.929314 |
dailypost
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FARMERS have backed the attempt of a North Wales MP to bring in new legislation to create a supermarket ombudsman to protect suppliers.
This summer the Competition Commission called on the Department for Business to install an ombudsman who would be responsible for investigating complaints levied at supermarkets.
The department said it would consider it but that the issues were “complex”.
But Anglesey MP Albert Owen yesterday stepped forward to introduce a Private Member’s Bill in Parliament.
The Grocery Market Ombudsman Bill would enable the Government to implement the Competition Commission’s recommendation for the creation of a new independent arbiter with the power to settle disputes between major retailers and their suppliers.
A Welsh farming union backed the bill yesterday.
Labour MP Mr Owen said: “I am delighted to bring the Grocery Market Ombudsman Bill to Parliament as it will protect both small suppliers and consumers against unscrupulous behaviour by the larger retailers.
“This legislation provides the perfect opportunity to introduce the ombudsman and I look forward to working with the Government and opposition parties as the Bill progresses through Parliament.
“I have worked extensively with consumer, supplier and farming groups from across North Wales and am aware of the difficulties that they are facing, particularly during this time of economic downturn.
This new bill has already received wide cross-party support.
The National Farmers Union Cymru, who have campaigned for a supermarket ombudsman, said they backed the bill and welcomed anything that helped bring in an ombudsman.
In April 2008, the Competition Commission published its final report on the groceries market and mandated a new Groceries Supply Code of Practice (GSCOP) which comes into effect on 4th February 2010.
As recommended by the Commission, a new Ombudsman is required to enforce the GSCOP; however, primary legislation is needed in order to create the new position. The Grocery Market Ombudsman Bill will now provide the long awaited legislative vehicle.
The Bill was introduced yesterday and is due to receive its 2nd Reading on Friday March 5, when it will be debated by MPs on the floor of the House of Commons.
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2019-04-20T10:39:27Z
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https://www.dailypost.co.uk/news/local-news/suppliers-need-an-ombudsman-2771616
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Sports
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Business
| 0.807769 |
nzherald
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Aldebaran - deep jazz vibes.
Aldebaran, A red giant star, the eye of Taurus, and from the Arabic meaning ‘the follower’. Aldebaran band bring you jazz vibes resonating from deep space.
John Bell (vibes) is one of Australasia’s leading vibes players and has performed everywhere on earth from Berlins Bb club to Fukuokas New Combo jazz club.
Crystal Choi is one of the most compelling of the younger generation of improvising pianists. She has just returned from an extensive European tour with Princess Chelsea.
Steve Cournane (drums) a colleague of John Bell’s since the 1990s brings his 7 years of experience living and working as a musician in Latin America.
Cameron McArthur (bass) is one of New Zealand’s consistent purveyor of bass frequency cosmic waves.
Aldebaran perform original compositions that will radiate vibes from a new direction.
Ticket holders only from 4:30pm.
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2019-04-19T17:21:26Z
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http://events.nzherald.co.nz/2018/aldebaran/auckland/leigh
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Sports
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Arts
| 0.968592 |
wordpress
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Where are the Republicans to stop this waste of time and money?
It’s no surprise that professional conspiracy theorists are still on the birth-certificate warpath — but now elected officials are getting their backs.
Yesterday, four Republicans in the New Hampshire State House supported a hearing requested by a group of birthers who want President Obama officially removed from the state’s primary ballot.
It’s not clear whether all this is a smokescreen or whether these dead-enders actually believe this stuff. But they aren’t letting the facts get in their way — one group in Arizona has even demanded that the President “release the microfiche” of his birth certificate.
Sadly, I don’t have any microfiches on hand, but we have the next best thing: In honor of birthers everywhere, we’re re-releasing the campaign’s limited-edition “Made in the USA” mugs.
Donate $20 or more today and we’ll send you one — complete with a reprint of the President’s birth certificate on the side for everyone to see.
Well, I won’t argue with one part of that statement.
There’s clearly nothing we can do to satisfy this crowd — or anyone else who insists on wasting time and energy on nonsense like this.
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2019-04-19T04:31:15Z
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https://timpanogos.wordpress.com/tag/birthers/
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Sports
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Business
| 0.80582 |
wordpress
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So, what method do you use to get the labeling off the rear derailleur? I’ve been wanting to remove the “Ultegra” from my Ellis derailleur. Wasn’t sure how to do it.
Well, Doug, I’m not sure how to do it either. I think I read somewhere about the stuff you see in the photo above, found it in a hardware store, and tried using it on something. It seems to be useful stuff for very light polishing. For example, I peeled the VO sticker off my fenders and a sticky residue was left over. I took the fuzzy stuff and polished it right off. When I marked my fenders with a Sharpie and had a few stray marks to clean up, the fuzzy stuff performed well again.
So why do I hesitate to answer Doug’s question with authority? Shimano component logos seem to be much more stubborn. If you examine the final results of my “105” removal closely, you’d see that a vague “shadow” (I’ll call it) is still slightly visible. You’d also see a difference in the finish in the area I did most of the rubbing as compared to the rest of the part. Maybe Shimano has some kind of clear coat finish on their shiney components or something. It took probably 20-30 minutes of consistent rubbing to get to what I deemed “done”. A lot more work than the two examples provided above.
I’m not sure that I’d recommend using this same approach to everyone. But for me the results were satisfactory. From 5-6 feet away, it looks like a shiny label-less component. Since my bike is never again (Sorry, Mitch) going to look like a showpiece, that totally works for me. But it might not work for you. Anyone out there got any other suggestions to help me and Doug with future logo removal projects?
Nothing to say of any help but I might pick up a can of the stuff pictured here.Good lunch, fellows.
Um, I mean luck, not lunch.
Interesting. I don't think I'll invest 30 minutes of rubbing time to remove my logos. Most likely it would flare up my tennis elbow. But I'd be interested in hearing any other methods. I've seen it done a few times on other blogs, but never asked how it was done until now. The front derailleur was easy, it was a sticker. The rims were easy, also stickers. But that derailleur logo is much different. Was there any "magic" to the Magic Wadding Polish"?
Didn't really sense the magic, in the sense that it still takes effort.That said, it is handy to have a tin of moist, fuzzy cloth, saturated in polish that one can grab quickly, tear a piece off and start to work.
I'm certainly no expert either (nice to feel like I'm in good company) but I have used that stuff to clean up rust spots from chrome, to decent effect.I suspect that to the extent it worked on the sticker residue and the stray marker marks, it is due to the solvent conent in it. For stuff like that, I first try 'methylated spirits' (a.k.a. marine stove fuel and what I burn in my home-made sodacan stove- ethyl alcohol/'ethanol' with some methanol added so folks don't drink it: methanol metabolises to formaldehyde in your liver, if I recall correctly. Use gloves, as it can absorb through your skin and have the same effect, although far less than if you drank it.) I likewise think I've read that the alcohol 'denatures' (?) the adhesive.After that, I try 'white gas' a.k.a. regular camping stove fuel.If the one isn't strong enough, the other usually is.As far as those logos, I have no idea how to get rid of them. Seems like they are part of an anodizing-like process and that, indeed, you cannot be shed of them without also affecting the finish in a minor way.Have at 'er!
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2019-04-26T05:47:04Z
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https://pawndero.wordpress.com/2012/04/20/because-he-asked/
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Sports
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Reference
| 0.217596 |
dailycamera
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0316 NWS SoldFireEvac-js.jpg Penny Carson and her husband Gary Lyman wait at the Cache La Poudre Middle School in La Porte, the evacuation center, with their dog, Kona, after being evacuated from their home because of the Galena fire in Fort Collins on Friday, March 16, 2013.
Smoke rises from the Galena fire on Friday, March 15, 2013 to the west of Horsetooth Reservoir.
Windsor resident Zachary Brumley, 13, watches a plume of smoke from the Galena fire while standing on a hillside east of Horsetooth Reservoir on Friday, March 15, 2013.
A plume of smoke from the Galena fire is visible in the distance as a line of cars waits on Friday, March 15, 2013 to continue on the road at the south end of Horsetooth Reservoir.
Examples of Easter eggs that have been painted by local artist Monica Anselmo that she had with her while giving a demonstration of her technique Wednesday, March 13, 2013.
Monica Anselmo demonstrates how she decorates Easter eggs while painting a design Wednesday, March 13, 2013.
Preschool teacher Patti Babiuch, left, asks Dakota Garcia, 3, if he likes to sing during a learning activity on Tuesday, March 12, 2013 at the Thompson Integrated Early Childhood Program. The school includes students from Head Start, tuition based, special need and the Colorado Preschool Program.
Preschool teacher Patti Babiuch, left, asks Ty Brown, 4, if he likes to sing during a learning activity on Tuesday, March 12, 2013 at the Thompson Integrated Early Childhood Program. The school includes students from Head Start, tuition based, special need and the Colorado Preschool Program.
Bass fisherman Scott Adams browses a selection of lures Sunday afternoon at the Matzuo display during the Ninth Annual Larimer County Fishing Expo at the First National Bank Exhibition Hall in Loveland, Colo.
Terry Gibson, representing JAX Outdoor Gear, demonstrates how to tie a fly Sunday at the 9th annual Larimer County Fishing Expo at the First National Bank Exhibition Hall in Loveland, Colo.
Ponderosa Elementary School health aide Jen Rothfuss, left, reacts after seeing a lock of her hair going into a bag while having her head shaved by stylist Alison Mehls on Saturday at the Thompson School District Administration Building during the Community Resource Fair and St. Baldrick's Event.
Shear NV stylist Shauna Payne, left, and other stylists cut all the hair off of shavees during the Community Resource and St. Baldrick's Event on Saturday, March 9, 2013 at the Thompson School District Administrative Building to raise money for childhood cancer research.
Lucille Erwin Middle School sixth-grader Cassidy Fancher, 12, right, has her head shaved by Shear NV stylist Lori Edsall during the Community Resource Fair and St. Baldrick's Event on Saturday, March 9, 2013 at the Thompson School District Administration Building. Cassidy raised more than $2000 in donations that will toward funding childhood cancer research.
Six-year-old Giana Pascucci pushes snow into a pile after building a snowman Saturday afternoon outside her home in downtown Loveland.
Conrad Ball Middle School teacher Lynn Gilbert fights back tears of joy as she accepts the 2013 Educator of the Year award at the Embassy Suites Hotel & Conference Center n Loveland, Friday, March 8, 2013. She was selected by the Thompson Education Foundation.
Sharon Perry holds a picture of Loveland High School's first graduating class on March 1, 2013 in the Milner-Schwarz house that's on display in one of the rooms.
Mike Perry, left, Ann Ague, Sharon Perry and Lou Price stand together March 1, 2013 in the Milner-Schwarz house in Loveland while talking about the upcoming Historic Homes Tour.
Carmy Jerome, assistant director at Aspen House Memory Care Assisted Living, reassures resident Darlene Manning, left, after she told Jerome she couldn't remeber where her money went while visiting with family in Loveland on Friday, March 8, 2013. Manning's daughter, Barbara Shoffner, and great grandkids, Emily Shoffner, 8, and Nicholas Shoffner, 14, look on in the background.
Ryan Ehmann poses in front of his workout studio in Loveland on Wednesday, March 6, 2013. Ehmann will appear in the show "Shark Tank" which airs this Friday.
Ryan "Cowboy" Ehmann, also known as the "Lose 12 Inches Guy", instructs a client during one of his workout sessions in Loveland on Wednesday, March 6, 2013. Ehmann will appear in the show "Shark Tank" which airs this Friday.
A sign warns drivers of the tattered railraod crossing located in Loveland on 10th Street between Cleveland and Garfield Avenues on Thursday, March 8, 2013. Railraod crews plan to repair this, along with three others in May.
Cars stumble over the jarring railroad crossing between Cleveland and Garfield avenues on 10th Street in Loveland on Thursday, March 7, 2013. The crossing, along with three others, will be repaired in May.
Trinity Lutheran Preschool student Gabriella Hannam, 4, reacts to the green eggs and ham she and her classmates were served at The Egg & I restaurant in Loveland on Wednesday, March 6, 2013. Students from the preschool were served green eggs and ham to celebrate Read Across America day, an annual literacy event sponsored by the National Education Association, which coincides with the birthday of famous children's author Ted Geisel, who wrote under the name Dr. Seuss.
Basyl Fillion, 2, shows her completed clock to her mother Breanna Fillion during Toddler Storytime at the Loveland Public Library, Tuesday morning in downtown Loveland, Colo.
Basyl Fillion, 2, shows her completed clock to librarian Kris Zimmerman Monday morning during Toddler Storytime at the Loveland Public Library in downtown Loveland, Colo. Ms. Kris, as she is known to the kids, has been conducting storytime for 28 years now.
Loveland Fire Rescue Authority Lt. Rene Marcias leans against one of Fire Station 2's trucks as he explains his plans to participate next Sunday in the 2013 Scott Firefighter Stair Climb which raises money for the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society.
As snowflakes fall on Third Street in downtown Loveland, Danny Eubanks and his dog Molly, a 7 year-old German shorthaired pointer mix, make their way home after getting some exercise on Monday, March 4, 2013.
All bundled up, Dakota Adkins of Platteville, 11, feeds the geese at North Lake Park during a snowstorm in Loveland on Monday, March 4, 2013.
Joyce Abrams, left, receives her pin commemorating her five years of membership in the VFW Post 41 Ladies Auxiliary from club president Karen Magrum, Sunday evening, in downtown Loveland, Colo. This year marks the 75th anniversary of the formation of the Ladies Auxiliary.
Scott Gulbrandson leans over to embrace his son, Monroe Elementary first-grader Levi Gulbrandson (7), after Levi shows him his self portrait being exhibited at the Loveland Museum/Gallery's "Look. Think. Make. Connect!" annual Thompson School District art show, Sunday in downtown Loveland, Colo. Levi's lips were sealed as the two searched the gallery for his piece, as he didn't want to spoil the surprise for his father.
Registered nurse Susan Milligan shares a laugh with Jose Sandoval as she prepares to test his blood pressure at the Chilson Senior Center in Loveland on Monday, Feb. 25, 2013.
The old Albertson's grocery store, located at 1355 East Eisenhower Boulevard, has been vacant since 2006. Natural grocery stores have considered using the building, but they ran into issues that kept them from leasing it.
A Home State Bank branch, located at 1355 East Eisenhower Boulevard, is attached to the old Albertson's grocery store, which has been vacant since 2006. Natural grocery stores have considered using the building, but they ran into issues that kept them from leasing it.
Juliette Fardulis of Loveland loads groceries into her vehicle after shopping at Sprouts Farmers Market in Fort Collins on Wednesday, Feb. 20, 2013. Fardulis frequently shops at natural grocers in Frot Collins and says she would be a regular if Loveland had a natural grocer.
A sculpture titled "Kinetic Copper" by New Vison Charter School eighth-grader Rebecca Reynolds sits on a table at the Loveland Museum/Gallery as Quinn Johnson hangs pieces for the annual Thompson School District art show, "Look. Think. Make. Connect!", on Thursday, Feb. 28, 2013 in Loveland.
Aiden Combs, 5, sleds down a pile of snow after getting a good push from his sister Ava Combs, 3, as thier mom Kelly Combs watches at Conrad Ball Middle School on Thursday, Feb. 28, 2013 in Loveland.
Lincoln Elementary School first-grader Alaina Rodriguez, 7, left, and Loveland High School junior Kacee Martinez, 16, laugh together as they read "Green Eggs and Ham" in the library of Loveland High on Friday, March 1, 2013. Students from the two schools paired up to read and play games in honor of Read Across America day.
Loveland High School junior Ashley Krawczek, 17, right, hands a game piece to Lincoln Elementary School second-grader Brandon Rayburn, 8, left, as they play a matching game in the library of Loveland High on Friday, March 1, 2013. Students from the two schools paired up to read and play games in honor of Read Across America day.
Clay Caldwell, owner of mo' Betta Gumbo at 141 E. Fourth St., talks about his plans to open a new ice cream shop with a mad scientist twist where ice cream is made with liquid nitrogen, as he stands Friday in the location where he plans to open the shop in early summer. The location of the ice cream shop, 202 E. Fourth Street, is caddy corner accros the street from mo' Betta Gumbo.
Volunteer Mary Cosens, right, and Tanner Salmon, a veteran who served in Iraq and suffers from post traumatic stress disorder, share a moment after a powerful theraputic riding session at Hearts & Horses west of Loveland on Friday, Feb. 8, 2013. Salmon participates in a program called Hearts & Horses for Heros, which helps veterans.
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2019-04-24T23:53:25Z
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http://photos.dailycamera.com/Reporter-Herald-All-Galleries/Other/MyCapture/News-amp-Features-March-2013/i-xPSFNxJ/
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Sports
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Health
| 0.666285 |
wikipedia
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Marrakech or Marrakesh (Berber: Murakush, Arabic مراكش murrākuڑ), kent as the "Red Ceety", is the maist important umwhile imperial ceety in Morocco's history. The ceety o Marrakesh is the caipital o the mid-soothwastren economic region o Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz, near the fuithills o the snaw-capped Atlas Muntains.
Lik mony North African ceeties, the ceety o Marrakesh comprises baith an auld fortified ceety (the médina) an an adjacent modren ceety (cawed Gueliz) for a tot population o 1,070,838. It is served bi Ménara Internaitional Airport (IATE code: RAK) an a rail link tae Casablanca an the north.
Marrakech haes the lairgest traditional mercat (souk) in Morocco an an' a' haes ane o the busiest squares in Africae an the warld, Djemaa el Fna. The square bustles wi acrobats, story-tellers, watter sellers, dancers an muisicians. Bi nicht fuid stalls open in the square turnin it intae a huge busy open-air restaurant.
View o Marrakesh an El Badi Palace, bi Adriaen Matham, 1640.
The ceety is spelled "Marrakech" in French, "Marrakech" or "Marrakesh" in Inglis, "Marrakesch" in German an "Marake؛" in Turkish. The probable oreegin o its name is frae the Berber (Amazigh) wirds mur (n) akush (ⵎⵓⵔ ⵏ ⴰⴽⵓⵛ), which means "Land o God". (The wird "mur" is uised nou in Berber maistly in the feminine form "tamurt".) The same wird "mur" appears in the names Mauretanie, the North African kinrick o the Maghreb durin wikt:Antiquity, an in contemporary Mauritanie, the naition-state sooth o Morocco, awtho the link remains controversial as thir names mey an aa oreeginate frae navros, the ancient Greek wird for black.
Till a few decades ago, Morocco wis widely kent as "Kinrick o Marrakech" tae Arabs, Persians an Europeans. The European names o Morocco (Marruecos, Marrocos, Maroc, Marokko, etc.) are directly derived frae the Berber wird Murakush, an in mony Sooth Asian leids the kintra is in fact still kent as "Marrakesh". Conversely, the ceety itsel wis in earlier times simply cawed Marocco (Ceety) (or seemilar) bi travellers frae abroad. The name o the ceety an the kintra diverged efter the Treaty o Fez placed Morocco unner French influence, but the auld interchyngeable uisage lastit widely till aboot the interregnum o Mohammed Ben Aarafa. The latter episode set in motion the kintra's return tae unthirldom, when Morocco offeecially became al-Mamlaka al-Maġribiyya (المملكة المغربية) ("The Wastren Kinrick"), its name no referrin tae the ceety o Marrakesh onymair.
Prior tae the advent o the Almoravids in the 11t century, the aurie wis ruled frae the ceety o Aghmat. The Almoravid leader, Abu-Bakr Ibn-Umar decidit Aghmat wis becomin owercroudit an chose tae big a new caipital. He decidit tae big it in the plains near the Tensift River. He chose the site o Marrakech, acause it wis in neutral territory atween twa tribes who wur vyin for the honour o hostin the new caipital. Wirk stairteit in Mey 1070, but Abu-Bakr wis recawed tae the Sahara tae put doun a rebellion in Januar 1071 an the ceety wis completit bi his deputy an eventual successor Yusuf ibn Tashfin. The ceety experienced its greatest period unner the leadership o Yaqub al-Mansur, the third Almohad sultan. A nummer o poets an scholars entered the ceety durin his reign an he began the construction o the Koutoubia Mosque an a new kasbah.
Prior tae the reign o Moulay Ismail, Marrakech wis the caipital o Morocco. Efter his reign, his grandson moved the caipital back tae Marrakech frae Meknès.
For centuries Marrakech haes been kent for its "seiven saunts". When sufism wis at the heicht o its popularity, during the reign o Moulay Ismail, the festival o the seiven saunts wis foondit bi Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi at the request o the sultan. The tombs o several renouned figures wur moved tae Marrakech tae attract pilgrims in the same way Essaouira did at that time wi its Regrega festivals. The seiven saunts (sebaatou rizjel) is nou a firmly establisht institution, attractin visitors frae aawhaur. The seiven saunts include Sidi Bel Abbas (the patron saunt o the ceety), Sidi Muhammad al-Jazuli, Sidi Abu al-Qasim Al-Suhayli, Cadi Ayyad ben Moussa, Abdelaziz al-Tebaa an Abdallah al-Ghazwani.
Marrakech wis dominatit in the first hauf o the 20t century bi T'hami El Glaoui, "Laird o the Atlas", an Pasha o Marrakech. The poet o the ceety wis Mohammed Ben Brahim an his favorite place wis café Al-Masraf. The poems an sangs o Ben Brahim are still kent bi hert bi mony Marrakshi.
Atlas Blue, a budget airline, haes its heid office on the grunds o Marrakech-Menara Airport. Ither budget airlines that flee tae an frae Marrakech-Menara Airport include EasyJet an RyanAir. Frae 2010 Breetish Airways annoonced that it haes planned tae run new services intae Marrakech, providin an alternative tae the law-cost airline experience. BMI (Breetish Midland Internaitional) will commence flichts tae Marrakech frae Lunnon Heathrow frae Aprile 2011.
Mony tourists ventur frae Marrakech tae veesit the valley o the Ourika River in the Atlas Muntains or the valley o the Draa River in the sooth, near the Sahara desert. Thay an aa tour the Middle Atlas Muntains, whaur the Waterfalls o Beni Mellal are foond, an tae Essaouira on the Atlantic ocean.
Marrakech is situatit at the fuit o the Heich Atlas, the heichest muntainous barrier in North Africae. The desert borders it tae the sooth, an the Atlantic Ocean tae the wast. Stretchin ower 700 kilometers, the Heich Atlas chain features a series o peaks of which a dozen attain 4,000 meters. Snow can be foond on hilltops aw year lang at altitudes as law as 600 meters abuin sea level.
Tae the sooth arise the stretches o steppes terrain that forewarn o the burnin winds an the rigor o the Sahara. Ayont the 130,000 hectares o greenery an the 180,000 palm trees o its Palmeraie. Marrakech is an oasis of great an rich plant variety. Throughoot the saisons, orange, fig, permanganate an olive trees spew oot thair fragrances an display thair marvelous colors an luscious fruits. The precious gardens o the ceety conceal numerous native plants or ither species that hae been importit in the course o the centuries: Giant bamboos, yuccas, papyrus, palm trees, bananae trees, cypress, philodendrons, rosebushes, bougainvilleas, pines an various kynds o cactus plants. Tae this date, Marrakech is seen as a gateway frae the Wast intae the East, anerlie 2–3 oors frae mainland Europe.
↑ Central Intelligence Agency (12 October 2011). The CIA World Factbook 2012. Skyhorse Publishing Inc. p. 2006. ISBN 978-1-61608-332-8. Retrieved 8 October 2012.
↑ 2.0 2.1 "Recensement Général De La Population Et De L'Habitat De 2004" (PDF). hcp.ma. Retrieved 2010-01-06.
↑ "Contact." Atlas Blue. 15 Februar 2008. Retrieved on 26 Juin 2010.
Wikimedia Commons haes media relatit tae Marrakech.
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2019-04-18T16:47:03Z
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https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marrakech
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Sports
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Reference
| 0.113624 |
wordpress
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« Check us out in NoCoSTL Magazine!
This entry was posted on April 13, 2010 at 8:04 pm and is filed under Cool. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
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2019-04-20T06:33:42Z
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https://stlouisfencersclub.wordpress.com/2010/04/13/deadliest-warrior-is-back/
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Sports
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Recreation
| 0.119767 |
nytimes
|
The suspense was getting to just about everyone.
Walter’s, the enduring hot-dog stand in Mamaroneck, closed in January for renovations to its interior, and the process was taking considerably longer than planned.
Aside from major holidays, Walter’s had never been closed in its 86 years on Palmer Avenue, and, as Ms. Warrington put it: “We were so frustrated,” a feeling shared by its legion of devoted customers.
Gene Warrington, the 92-year-old owner of Walter’s — Christine’s father and the son of founders Walter and Rose Warrington — said “people were banging on the shutters” to try to find out when business might resume. Mr. Warrington said he started helping out at the restaurant when he was 6 years old and has seen his share of crowds waiting to order, but even he seemed surprised by the public displays of dejection.
Walter’s reopened on May 2, traditions intact, foremost among them the savory hot dogs made from a proprietary recipe developed by Walter Warrington (beef, pork and veal are involved), which are grilled, split, grilled once more in a buttery-tasting sauce, and served on a toasted bun and best topped with the distinctive house mustard, a tangy combination of mustard and pickle relish (recipe also by Walter).
It is that hot dog that has won Walter’s its renown.
The stand continues to make its own Italian ices from fresh fruit and the ice cream used in its milkshakes, which are served in both regular, easy-sipping style and in one called a cowboy, which is thicker. No one in the family is quite sure about the derivation of the cowboy moniker. (On a recent morning in the outdoor seating area next to the restaurant, Mr. Warrington gave it a shot. “The cowboys used to drink big shakes or something,” he said with a sizable laugh.) There also are the signature starches: regular fries, seasoned curly fries (the best-seller), potato puffs (“like little potato knishes,” Ms. Warrington said), and sweet spuds, which she added to the menu in 1991. “These aren’t sweet potato fries,” she explained. “They are sweet potatoes that have been mashed and they’re put in a coating,” like a Jeno’s pizza roll with a Thanksgiving accent.
The exterior of the building — an arresting pagoda-style structure with an oxidized copper roof adorned with two jumping carp, symbols of good luck — remains unchanged (it was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 2010). And the lines to order can be as long as ever, if not more so. On a sunny summer day, the wait is an essential — or at least inescapable — part of the Walter’s experience. Ms. Warrington acknowledged that some customers may not enjoy it, but “a lot of people chitchat and they like to visit,” she said.
So what’s new? Pretty much everything inside.
“We ended up taking the building down to its bare walls,” Ms. Warrington said. There is a new ventilation hood in the cooking area. New insulation (there had not been any), new floors, a new griddle on which the hot dogs are cooked. “Oh, and then the electrical was all 1928,” she said.
Walter’s products are likely to appear in more places, Mr. Baca said. The mustard may be sold in local grocery stores. Catering and private parties are a possibility. The new Gun Hill Brewing Company in the Bronx plans to serve food from Walter’s on certain weeknights this summer. And Walter’s will be featured at the New York Wine and Food Festival’s “Hot Dog Happy Hour” in October.
But even when the subject is new ventures, the talk usually comes back to family moments. Mr. Baca, who spent many hours working at Walter’s while growing up, said that during the weekend the stand reopened, he had the chance to man the register with his grandfather and saw “just how much our customers wanted to shake his hand and take his picture, and how much he enjoyed talking with everyone. It was just the two of us working together — that’s a memory I will always cherish.” When Ms. Ramaglia-Sand and Ms. Woodward were redoing the cases near the order and pickup windows that display Walter’s memorabilia, they were taken with the tags that had been used on bottles of apple cider once sold by Walter Warrington.
At Walter’s, they go with what works.
HOURS Monday to Friday 11 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. Saturday and Sunday 11:30 a.m. to 7:30 p.m. Wheelchair-accessible.
THE (MODEST) BILL Single hot dog, $2.20; double, $4.10; “puppy” size, $1.25; fries, regular and curly, $2.25; potato puffs and sweet spuds, $2.50; regular shakes, $3.50, “cowboy,” $3.95. Cash only.
FOR MORE INFORMATION No telephone, but it does have a website (waltershotdogs.com), and Facebook and Instagram pages.
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2019-04-23T04:03:53Z
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https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/08/nyregion/walters-in-mamaroneck-reopens-its-hot-dog-stand.html?_r=0
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Sports
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Business
| 0.948604 |
telegraph
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Russia needs a military strategy to resist the United States and other Western powers, which are stoking disorder in the north Caucasus to destroy Russia, according to the president of Chechnya.
Ramzan Kadyrov, a 33-year-old former rebel turned Kremlin loyalist, said that last year's attack by Georgia, which is a US ally, on the pro-Russian rebel region of South Ossetia was part of a Western plot to seize the whole Caucasus region.
"If they get control of the Caucasus, you could say they'll get control of virtually all of Russia, because the Caucasus is our backbone," Kadyrov said.
The conversation was conducted at his exotic private offices near the town of Gudermes outside the Chechen capital, Grozny. The complex features a zoo, a racecourse for his horses, two large golden lions guarding the entrance and an artificial mountain lit up in different colours at night.
"The Russian government needs to work out a strategy, it needs to attack," the Chechen president said.
"...Georgia, South Ossetia, Ukraine, all this will go on and on. It's Russia's private affliction. Why should we always suffer if we can eradicate this for good? We are a great power, we have everything - an army, technology. We need to attack."
Kadyrov's father Ahmad was a rebel mufti who switched sides in 1999 with his son at the outbreak of Moscow's second war in Chechnya. Ahmad became president in 2003 but was killed in a bomb attack the following year.
Ramzan succeeded him in 2007, crushing a rebel insurgency, rebuilding the shattered republic and imposing Islamic rule.
Kadyrov took pains in the interview to counter accusations by human rights groups that he had been involved in the murders of activists, journalists and opponents in Russia and overseas.
Dressed in a dark blue Ralph Lauren velvet-finish shirt, his hair and beard carefully groomed, Kadyrov smiled frequently but became animated when asked why many of his opponents at home and abroad had met violent deaths.
Human rights groups have linked him to the murders of campaigning journalist Anna Politkovskaya, activist Natalya Estemirova, opposition Chechen exiles in Austria and Turkey and rival Chechen clan chiefs shot dead in Moscow and Dubai.
Kadyrov, who was guarded by armed, black-clad militiamen wearing balaclavas embossed with his initials, said he had personally helped many of the murder victims and their families and was not their enemy.
"I don't want to kill," he said. "Who did I fight? I fought terrorists. Who did I protect? I protected the whole of Russia so that people in Moscow or St Petersburg ... could live in peace. ... They accuse me of killing women and children. It's not true."
Kadyrov dismissed a claim on an Islamist website that Doku Umarov, a fugitive Chechen rebel leader, was behind a bomb attack on November 27 which derailed a Moscow-St Petersburg train, killing 26 people. Umarov, he said, lived in a cave in the mountains and had no idea what was going on.
"Today there are very few (rebels) left," he said. "This year we destroyed a great many terrorists in (the neighbouring Russian republics of) Ingushetia, Dagestan and Chechnya."
Asked how many remained, Kadyrov replied: "If I knew how many and where, I would have destroyed them a long time ago."
Kadyrov said the remaining rebels were kept going by Western money and guns.
"The West is financing them," he said. "I officially declare this: those who destroyed the Soviet Union, those who want to destroy the Russian Federation, they stand behind them."
US President Barack Obama has offered to "reset" relations with Russia after a tense period during the presidency of George W. Bush, and Kadyrov said it would be good for Washington if the United States followed more friendly policies towards Russia.
"And if not," he added, "we have a very strong politician of global stature, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin. There is no one like him on the world stage."
Kadyrov made several references to Putin, Russia's prime minister and its most powerful politician, during the one-hour interview conducted last week but did not mention the Russian president, Dmitrii Medvedev.
At pains to appear modest and show his loyalty to the Kremlin, Kadyrov shrugged off suggestions he might extend his responsibilities to cover the entire North Caucasus, as some Russian media reports have suggested, or run for a second term in Chechnya when his presidency ends in 2011.
Kadyrov said being president was a difficult job and he would prefer to dedicate more time to his seven children and the study of Islam. His official residence features a huge private mosque visible from the marble staircase of the main building.
"To get to heaven, you have to work very hard," he said. "I want to go to heaven so I will try to pray more."
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2019-04-18T20:41:22Z
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https://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/expatnews/6858882/Chechen-president-says-the-West-wants-to-destroy-Russia.html
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Sports
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Recreation
| 0.120087 |
google
|
A catheter connector including a valve assembly and an access cannula. The valve assembly includes a housing with a septum, a displaceable plunger, and a distal end adapted for insertion into a catheter. The access cannula includes a distal end configured to engage the plunger. Displacement of the plunger by the cannula establishes fluid communication between the cannula and housing.
This application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/987,647, filed Nov. 12, 2004, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/844,236, filed May 12, 2004, and a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/844,276, filed May 12, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,063,685, each of which is incorporated by reference into this application as if fully set forth herein.
There are a variety of conditions that require injection of fluids into, or withdrawal of fluids from, a patient's circulatory system. It is common to use an implanted catheter to repeatedly access the patient's vascular system. A flexible guidewire placed in the vascular system may be used to facilitate placement of the catheter, but its use would prevent the physician from capping the proximal end of the catheter to prevent fluid from exiting the catheter or air from entering the vascular system through the catheter during placement. After catheter placement, it is common to attach a valve cap or other terminating device to the proximal end of the catheter to prevent fluid from exiting the catheter or air from entering the vascular system through the catheter. However, in case of accidental separation of the valve cap from the catheter, the distal end of the catheter would then be exposed to the environment outside the body of the patient. The exposed catheter lumen may increase the patient's risk of blood loss, air embolism, or infection.
The use of a cap or adapter to seal the proximal end of a catheter may increase the risk of trapping air pockets within the lumen of the catheter, resulting in an air embolism. Furthermore, during a treatment process requiring infusion of multiple fluids through the implanted catheter, the physician may inadvertently leave the lumens unprotected between procedures, and expose one or more of the lumens to possible contaminations. Thus, an improved catheter access interface may allow easy access to the catheter lumen and at the same time provide better protection against contamination and infection. In addition, an improved catheter access interface may also be configured for utilization as a needle-less access interface for an implanted catheter.
Therefore, a catheter including a self-sealing proximal lumen opening and a corresponding connector for accessing the catheter lumen may be desirable. In particular, a multi-lumen interface with self-sealing mechanisms may be especially desirable in medical procedures where infusion of multiple fluids and/or medications is required.
Accordingly, described herein is a catheter interconnecting interface that provides a self-sealing capability to the proximal end of a catheter and a corresponding connector for releasing the seal and accessing the catheter lumen. In one aspect of the invention, a multi-lumen catheter is configured with a valve positioned at the proximal opening of each of the lumens. A corresponding connector is provided for opening the valves and providing fluid communication between the catheter lumens and a purity of extension legs on the connector.
In one variation, the catheter device comprises a catheter valve assembly and an extension leg unit. The catheter valve assembly has a proximal opening for receiving a lumen insert on the extension leg unit. The valve in the catheter valve assembly is opened by inserting the lumen insert into the proximal end of the catheter valve assembly, and the valve is closed by retracting the lumen insert from the catheter valve assembly. The catheter valve assembly may be integrated within the proximal end of a catheter. In another variation, the catheter valve assembly comprises a housing with a lumen. The proximal end of the lumen is configured to receive the lumen insert, while the distal end of the housing is configured for connection to a catheter. The catheter may be connected to the housing through a releasable interface. In another variation, a permanent connection may be established between the housing and the catheter.
In another variation, the catheter valve assembly and its corresponding extension leg unit are configured to support a multi-lumen catheter. Each of the lumens in the catheter valve assembly may be provided with a corresponding valve to prevent fluid outflow (i.e., retrograde backflow). A plurality of lumen inserts may be provided on the extension leg unit for opening the valves and providing fluid communication channels to the lumens in the catheter. A plurality of extension legs may extend from the proximal end of the extension leg unit for accessing the lumens in the catheter. In one example, each of the lumens within the catheter is provided with a corresponding extension leg on the extension leg unit, which allows the user to establish fluid communication with each of the lumens independently. Optionally, each of the extension legs may be connected to an extension catheter or tubing. The extension catheters may be attached to the extension leg unit through a removable connection. In another variation, the extension catheters may be permanently connected to the extension leg unit.
In another aspect of the invention, a catheter valve assembly is provided at the proximal end of a catheter to serve as an access interface. In one variation, the catheter valve assembly comprises a housing with a single spring-load valve which actively seals access to one or more chambers in the housing. The catheter valve assembly may be configured to support a catheter including a plurality of lumens. The housing with a single spring-load valve actively seals access to a plurality of chambers in the housing. Each of the chambers is in fluid communication with a corresponding fluid channel. A cannula is provided for interfacing with the valve assembly. The cannula has a plurality of lumens matching the number of chambers in the housing. The cannula is further configured with a sealed distal end, and a side port is provided for each of the lumens. When the cannula is inserted into the housing, the distal end of the cannula displaces the spring loaded valve and establishes fluid communication channels between each of the lumens in the cannula with a corresponding chamber in the housing through the lumen's side port. In another design variation, the catheter assembly with the spring-loaded valve is configured for providing a bifurcating connection to a single lumen catheter. A single lumen cannula with dual side ports is configured for insertion into the valve assembly including two chambers, such that fluid communication can be established between the two chambers in the housing and the single lumen in the cannula.
In yet another aspect of the invention, the catheter valve assembly is configured as a single lumen catheter access system. In one variation, the valve assembly comprises a housing supporting an access tubing. The proximal end of a catheter may be connected to the distal end of the housing such that the lumen of the catheter is in fluid communication with the lumen of the access tubing. The proximal end of the access tubing is closed while one or more orifices are provided on the circumferential surface of the access tubing. Within the housing, a low durometer polymeric material (e.g., silicone, closed cell foam rubber, etc.) surrounds the distal portion of the access tubing and seals the orifices on the access tubing. An access cannula which may be attached to an extension catheter may be provided for interfacing with the access tubing in the housing. When the distal end of the access cannula is inserted into the housing and over the access tubing, the seal around the tubing orifice is displaced, and the proximal portion of the access tubing is positioned within the lumen of the access cannula. The proximal portion of the access cannula has a larger inner diameter than the outer diameter of the access tubing, such that the inner lumen of the access cannula can establish fluid communication with the inner lumen of the access tubing through the tubing orifices. The distal end of the access cannula may be tapered such that it can surround the outer periphery of the access tubing to provide a fluid seal when the access tubing inserted inside the distal lumen of the access cannula.
In addition, methods for establishing fluid communications at the proximal end of a catheter are also disclosed. In one variation, the method comprises inserting lumen inserts into the proximal end of a catheter to displaced valves positioned within the lumens of the catheter. Each of the valves may comprise a unidirectional valve (e.g., duck-bill valve, bi-leaf valve, etc.). The lumen inserts may be connected to a distal end of a housing, with extension legs at the proximal end of the housing for connection to extension tubings. Once the lumen inserts from the housing are inserted into their corresponding lumens at the proximal end of the catheter, fluid communication is established between each of the lumens within the catheters and a corresponding extension leg on the housing. A hemodialysis machine may be connected to the housing through the extension tubings which can be attached to the extension legs. To disconnect the hemodialysis machine from the patient, the operator may simply remove the housing and in the process retract the lumen inserts from the proximal end of the catheter. Once the lumen inserts are removed, the valves within the catheter lumens closes by themselves without further intervention by the operator.
In another variation, the method comprises inserting a cannula into a proximal end of a valve assembly to establish fluid communication with a catheter connected at the distal end of the valve assembly. In one example, the valve assembly comprises a depressible valve, and the cannula includes a blunt distal end for engaging the depressable valve. As the cannula is inserted into the valve assembly, the depressable valve is displaced, and fluid communication is established between the plurality of lumens within the catheter and the plurality of lumens within the cannula. In one variation, the cannula comprises two lumens and each of the lumens has an orifice located on a circumferential surface of the cannula. Insertion of the cannula into the valve assembly establishes fluid communication from each of the cannula lumen through its orifice on the cannula surface to a corresponding catheter lumen. Once the cannula is removed from the valve assembly, the valve closes and seals the proximal end of the catheter.
The implementation of the catheter valve assembly and its corresponding extension leg unit provides various advantages, which may include one or more of the following: (1) the removable extension leg unit may allow the physician to easily disengage multiple fluid infusion lines to a catheter, while simultaneously sealing all access ports without additional efforts; (2) the catheter valve assembly may prevent infection, limit backflow, and minimize embolism by keeping the proximal end of the catheter closed except when accessed by the extension leg unit or the corresponding access cannula; (3) the catheter with the proximal end valve assembly may improve patient safety by insuring that the proximal end of the catheter is closed except when it is properly accessed; (4) the catheter with the valve assembly may be accessed multiple times without requiring replacement; (5) in some variations the catheter valve assembly may allow selective access of individual lumen while keeping the unused lumens sealed; (6) the catheter valve assembly may have built-in safety features to prevent accidental opening of the valve; and (7) because a blood clot begins to form when blood is exposed to air, the automatic closure of the valves immediately upon disengagement of the removable extension leg unit or the access cannula may minimize coagulation within the catheter lumen.
FIG. 1 (left) illustrates the proximal portion of a dual lumen catheter with an integrated valve assembly. FIG. 1 (right) illustrates the corresponding extension leg unit. The extension leg unit comprises a removable bifurcate including two lumen inserts at the distal end for engaging the valves in the catheter valve assembly.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the catheter and the corresponding extension leg unit of FIG. 1. The catheter and the extension leg unit are shown in a disengaged position.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the interlocking of the extension leg unit with the catheter. As shown, the lumen inserts engage the valves in the catheter and keep the valves open.
FIG. 4 illustrates another variation where the catheter valve assembly is configured as a separate unit for connection to the proximal end of a catheter to control flow and provide the interface to an extension leg unit.
FIG. 5 illustrates yet another variation where the catheter device comprises a triple lumen catheter with a catheter valve assembly integrated within the proximal end of the catheter. A corresponding extension leg unit with three leg extensions for engaging the three lumens at the proximal end of the catheter is also shown.
FIG. 6A illustrates one variation of a dual lumen catheter valve assembly, comprising a depressable plunger, and its corresponding blunt cannula for accessing the valve assembly.
FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of the valve assembly and its corresponding cannula of FIG. 6A.
FIG. 6C is a cross-sectional view of the valve assembly of FIG. 6A, shown with the cannula depressing the plunger and accessing the valve assembly. One possible fluid flow implementation is illustrated with arrows showing the dual lumen catheter being utilized to support simultaneous inflow and outflow of fluids.
FIG. 6D is a plain view of the septum implemented in the valve assembly of FIG. 6A. The septum is shown from its proximal end, viewed down its longitudinal axis toward its distal end.
FIG. 6E is a cross-sectional view of the septum of FIG. 6D, with the section taken along its longitudinal axis.
FIG. 6F is a cross-sectional view of the septum of FIG. 6E, with the section taken at A-A as indicated in FIG. 6E.
FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view of another variation of a dual lumen catheter valve assembly, comprising a depressable plunger, and its corresponding blunt cannula for accessing the valve assembly. The valve is shown fully closed.
FIG. 7B illustrates the valve assembly of FIG. 7A with the blunt cannula engaging the plunger of the valve. The valve is shown partially accessed.
FIG. 7C illustrates the valve assembly of FIG. 7A with the valve fully accessed.
FIG. 8A illustrates another variation of a dual lumen catheter valve assembly, comprising a despressable plunger, and its corresponding blunt cannula for accessing the valve assembly.
FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of the dual lumen catheter valve assembly of FIG. 8A. The valve is shown fully closed.
FIG. 8C illustrates the valve assembly of FIG. 8A with the valve partially accessed.
FIG. 8D illustrates the valve assembly of FIG. 8A with the valve fully accessed.
FIG. 8E is a plain view of the septum implemented in the valve assembly of FIG. 8A. The septum is viewed from the proximal end towards the distal end.
FIG. 8F is a side view of the septum of FIG. 8E.
FIG. 9A illustrates a side view of one variation of a valve assembly where the accessing cannula is integrated within a housing. The cannula housing is configured to engage the valve assembly housing and property orient the ports on the cannula when the cannula is inserted into the valve assembly.
FIG. 9B is a top view of the valve assembly of FIG. 9A.
FIG. 9C is a cross-sectional view of the valve assembly of FIG. 9B. The access cannula and its supporting housing are shown disengaged from the valve assembly.
FIG. 9D illustrates the valve assembly of FIG. 9C with the access cannula fully engaging the valve.
FIG. 9E illustrates a pair of removal tool being positioned for disengaging the access cannula from the valve assembly.
FIG. 10A illustrates another variation of a valve assembly where the access cannula supporting housing is configured with latches for securing the access cannula unit to the valve assembly housing. An optional removal tool for disengaging the latches is also shown.
FIG. 10B is a side view of the valve assembly and its corresponding access cannula unit of FIG. 10A.
FIG. 11A is a side view of another variation of valve assembly and its corresponding access unit with detachable clips provided for securing the access unit to the valve assembly housing. The access unit is shown separated from the valve assembly.
FIG. 11B shows the valve assembly and the corresponding access unit of FIG. 11A with the access unit engaging the valve assembly. The clips are shown engaging the valve assembly housing and securing the access unit to the valve assembly housing.
FIG. 12 illustrates another variation of an access unit where the access cannula bifurcates at the proximal end, and the housing supporting the cannula is provided with two channels to supporting fluid communications to two separate catheters that are connected to the proximal end of the cannula housing.
FIG. 13A is a cross-sectional view illustrating a variation of an adapter cap for accessing a valve assembly. The corresponding valve assembly is also shown.
FIG. 13B illustrates the adapter cap of FIG. 13A engaging its corresponding valve assembly. The valve is forced open to allow a guidewire to pass through the valve assembly.
FIG. 14A illustrates another variation of a valve assembly with an integrated safety sealing disk. The safety sealing disk prevents air or fluid leak if the sealing plunger is inadvertently depressed. The corresponding access cannula is also shown.
FIG. 14B illustrates the valve assembly of FIG. 13A with the corresponding access cannula engaging the valve assembly. The access cannula is shown in a partially inserted position and engaging both the plunger and the safety sealing disk.
FIG. 14C illustrates the valve assembly of FIG. 13B with the plunger and the safety disk fully depressed, allowing fluids to flow through the valve assembly.
FIG. 14D is a frontal view of the valve assembly of FIG. 14A viewed from the distal end of the valve assembly along the longitudinal axis of the valve assembly towards the proximal end.
FIG. 14E is an end view of the safety sealing disk implemented within the valve assembly of FIG. 14A.
FIG. 14F is a side view of the sealing housing implemented within the valve assembly of FIG. 14A.
FIG. 14G is an end view of the sealing housing of FIG. 14F, shown from the distal end along the longitudinal axis towards the proximal end.
FIG. 15A illustrates yet another variation of a valve assembly with an integrated safety sealing disk. The safety sealing disk prevents air or fluid leak if the sealing plunger is inadvertently depressed. The corresponding access cannula is also shown.
FIG. 15B shows the valve assembly of FIG. 15A with its corresponding access cannula engaging the plunger and the safety sealing disk to keep the valve open for fluid flow.
FIG. 15C is an end view of the safety sealing disk implemented within the valve assembly of FIG. 15A. The safety sealing disk is viewed from the proximal end towards the distal end.
FIG. 15D is a side view of the safety sealing disk of FIG. 15C.
FIG. 15E is an end view of the septum implemented within the valve assembly of FIG. 15A.
FIG. 15F is a side view of the septum of FIG. 15E.
FIG. 16A illustrates another variation of valve assembly supporting single lumen catheter connections. The corresponding access cannula is also shown.
FIG. 16B is a cross-sectional view of the valve assembly of FIG. 16A.
FIG. 16C illustrates the access cannula engaging the valve assembly of FIG. 16B. The valve is opened to allow fluids to flow through the valve assembly.
FIG. 16D is a side view of the of the access tubing of the valve assembly of FIG. 16B.
FIG. 16E is a side view of the access tubing of FIG. 16D with the access tubing rotated 90 degrees along the longitudinal axis of the access tubing.
FIG. 16F is an end view of the sealing housing shown from the proximal end along the longitudinal axis toward the distal end.
FIG. 16G is a side view of the sealing housing of FIG. 16F.
FIG. 17A illustrates another variation of a single lumen catheter connector with a valve assembly comprising a plurality of polymeric disks layered one over the other.
FIG. 17B shows the three polymeric disks and the house chamber of the valve assembly of FIG. 17A in a disassembled condition.
FIG. 18A is a cross-sectional view illustrating another variation of a catheter valve assembly implanted under the skin of a patient. The corresponding access cannula is also shown.
FIG. 18B illustrates the access cannula engaging the valve assembly of FIG. 17A. The valve is shown in an opened position to allow fluid flow.
The following detailed description should be read with reference to the drawings, in which like elements in different drawings may be identically numbered. The drawings, which are not necessarily to scale, depict selected embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The detailed description illustrates by way of example, not by way of limitation, the principles of the invention. This description will clearly enable one skilled in the art to make and use the invention, and describes several embodiments, adaptations, variations, alternatives and uses of the invention, including what is presently believed to be the best mode of carrying out the invention.
Before describing the present invention, it is to be understood that unless otherwise indicated this invention need not be limited to applications in humans. As one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate, variations of the invention may be applied to other mammals as well. Moreover, it should be understood that embodiments of the present invention may be applied in combination with various catheters, drug pumps, and infusion devices.
A hemodialysis catheter is used herein as an example application of the extension leg unit with its corresponding valve assembly to illustrate various aspects of the invention disclosed herein. One of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure would appreciate that the valve assembly disclosed herein may be applicable with various catheters for infusion of fluids into the circulatory system in various medical applications. It is also contemplated that the access cannula or extension leg unit with its corresponding valve assembly described herein may be implemented with various fluid infusion lines and catheters, including, but not limited to, hemodialysis catheters, central line catheters and contrast dye injection catheters.
It must also be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, the term “a lumen” is intended to mean a single lumen or a combination of lumens, “a fluid” is intended to mean one or more fluids, or a mixture thereof. Furthermore, the words “proximal” and “distal” refer to directions closer to and away from, respectively, a physician operating the implanted catheter with the tip-end (i.e., distal end) of the catheter inserted inside a patient's body. Thus, for example, the catheter end inserted inside a patient's circulatory system would be the distal end of the catheter, while the catheter end outside the patient's body would be the proximal end of the catheter.
The catheter device with a valve assembly may be used for facilitating the introduction/removal of a fluid into/from a patient's body. The catheter valve assembly may be temporarily attached to the proximal end of the catheter or it may be integrated within the proximal portion of the catheter body. In one aspect of the invention, a removable extension leg unit is implemented for accessing the valve assembly. The distal end of the removable extension leg unit is designed for coupling with the catheter valve assembly at the proximal end of the catheter. The proximal end of the extension leg unit may be coupled to an electromechanically powered and/or magnetically coupled vascular pump to permit assisted flow of a fluid into or out of the patient's body. Bi-directional flow may be achieved with the implementation of multi-lumen catheter.
The catheter valve assembly at the proximal end of the catheter may be configured with an orifice that is large enough to allow the passage of a guidewire and/or introducer (e.g., dilator). Fluid valves, such as polymeric duck-bill valves or bi-leaf valves, which are compatible with the guidewire, may be implemented to support “over the guidewire” placement of the catheter. The fluid valves may prevent bleed-back or air embolism during the placement of the catheter. In one design variation, the catheter valve assembly is configured with lumens matching the lumens within the catheter. Each of the lumens within the catheter valve assembly may be configured with a cross-sectional area that is +/−10% of the cross-sectional area of its corresponding catheter lumen. In another variation, each of the lumens within the catheter valve assembly matches the lumen of its corresponding catheter lumen. For example, the valves may be built into the lumen of the catheter.
As is apparent from the figures, the catheter valve assembly at the proximal end of the catheter controls fluid flow into and out of the proximal end of the catheter. In one variation, each of the lumens is configured with a valve. In one particular design, a unidirectional valve (e.g., duck-bill valve, etc.) that allows fluid to flow into the catheter lumen but prevents fluid from flowing out at the proximal end of the catheter is implemented within the valve assembly. The unidirectional valves may be configured such that the physician may selectively inject fluids into one of the plurality of lumens directly without the use of the extension leg unit. The pressure from the injected fluid opens the valve and allows inflow of the fluid. Since the unused lumens are sealed by their corresponding unidirectional valve, the physician does not have to worry about backflow coming out of the unused lumens. In the lumen utilized for fluid injection, once the inflow of the fluid stops, the valve returns to the closed position. The syringe used for fluid injection may have a tip configured to fit into the lumen opening at the proximal end of the catheter valve assembly to provide sealed connection for the injection of the fluid. In another variation, the infusion syringe/instrument may be configured with an extended distal tip that can be inserted into the lumen and through the valve, such that insertion of the extended distal tip forces the valve open. As a result, as long as the extended syringe tip is inserted inside the valve assembly, the valve is kept open, and fluid may be infused or withdrawn by the syringe. Once the syringe is removed, the valve closes.
To utilize the plurality of lumens in the catheter simultaneously, an extension leg unit is provided for engaging the valve assembly. The extension leg unit may be provided with a plurality of lumen inserts for insertion into the catheter valve assembly at the proximal end of the catheter. The lumen inserts force the valves open and establishes fluid inflow/outflow pathways for each of the lumens in the catheter. The valves within the catheter valve assembly may comprise duck-bill valves, bi-leaf valves, spring-loaded valves, etc. For example, the valve can be a spring-like biasing mechanism that is coupled to a luer fitting at the proximal end of the catheter valve assembly. When a corresponding extension leg unit is attached to the catheter valve assembly, the pressure from the insertion of the extension leg unit is transferred to the spring, opening the valve. In the default position, with the extension leg unit disengaged, the valve is biased in the closed position by the spring.
As discussed earlier, unidirectional valves may be advantageous in some applications. In the default state (i.e., extension leg unit not connected), the unidirectional valves prevent fluids from exiting the proximal end of the catheter but allow fluid inflow. When the extension leg unit is connected, the unidirectional valves are kept open and fluid may flow in either direction. For example, the valve may comprise a duck-bill valve that opens when the lumen insert at the distal end of the extension leg unit is inserted into the mouth of the duck-bill valve and forces the two valve leafs to part laterally. The valve may include silicone or other polymeric materials.
In another variation, bidirectional valves that are configured to resist low fluid pressure in the lumen of the catheter and can be forced open through the insertion of lumen inserts may also be utilized. For example, a silicone barrier with one or more pre-cut slit may be implemented as a valve within the valve assembly. The elasticity of the silicone can resist the normal fluid pressure within the catheter lumen and prevent fluid backflow. When the extension leg unit is attached to the catheter valve assembly, the lumen insert pushes through the slit within the silicone barrier and forms a flow-path through the barrier.
Referring to FIG. 1, one variation of a removable extension leg unit 2 (right side of the figure) and a corresponding catheter 4 with a catheter valve assembly 6 (left side of the figure) are illustrated. In this particular variation, the extension leg unit 2 comprises a removable bifurcate including two extension legs 8, 10 at the proximal end 12 and two lumen inserts 14, 16 at the distal end 18. A luer connector 20 is provided for securing the extension leg 2 unit to the proximal end 22 of the catheter 4. The catheter valve assembly 6 is integrated within the proximal portion of the dual lumen catheter 4. Within each of the catheter lumen 24, 26 is a fluid valve 28, 30 positioned close to the proximal opening. In this particular design, each of the fluid valves 28, 30 comprises a duck-bill valve as shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the extension leg unit 2 and the catheter 4 of FIG. 1. The catheter valve assembly 6 and the extension leg unit 2 can be engaged by inserting the lumen inserts 14, 16 into the lumens 24, 26 of the catheters, as shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 3 shows the extension leg unit 2 engaged to the catheter 4 via the valve assembly 6. As shown, each of the two lumen inserts 14, 16 diverts the leaflets of the corresponding valve towards the inner wall of the catheter lumen and establishes a continuous fluid pathway from the lumen 24, 26 of the catheter, through the valve 28, 30 and into the corresponding extension leg 8, 10. In one embodiment, the catheter valve assembly 6 is configured for repeated and/or prolonged access and does not interfere with fluid flow when valves are opened. In the particular variation shown in FIG. 3, the lumen inserts 14, 16 isolate the valves 28, 30 from the fluid and prevent the valves 28, 30 from interfering with the fluid flow in any way.
In this variation, the luer connector 20 is provided around the distal end of the extension leg unit 2, and corresponding luer interface 32 is provided around the shaft of the catheter 4 at the proximal end of the catheter. The luer connector 20 provides for protection against accidental disconnection of the extension leg unit 2 from the proximal end of the catheter 4. The luer connector 20 can be rotated around the lumen inserts 14, 16, such that once the lumen inserts 14, 16 are inserted into the proximal end 22 of the catheter 4, the luer connector 20 can be rotated to engage the corresponding thread 34 on the circumferential surface at the proximal end of the catheter body 4. The luer connector fits axially about the distal portion of the extension leg unit 2. The inner surface of the luer connector 36 is appropriately threaded such that it can be selectively attached to the threaded portion 34 of the catheter body 4 to secure the catheter 4 to the extension leg unit 2. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the luer connector 20 may include female threads to selectively receive the male threads formed around the shaft of the catheter.
In another variation, the catheter device may further comprise a coupling lock that detachably locks the proximal end of the extension leg set to the catheter valve assembly. In one embodiment, the coupling lock is integrally connected to the extension leg unit and/or the catheter shaft. While FIGS. 1-3 show the luer connector on the extension leg unit, the position of the luer connector may be reversed such that the male side of the luer interface can be on proximal end of the catheter and the female side of the luer interface can be on the extension leg unit.
The catheter device described herein may also include a compression sleeve that fits axially about the distal portion of the extension leg unit around the lumen inserts, as well as fitting axially about each of the extension legs. The compression sleeve may be formed of malleable material so as to provide further compression on the connection between the connecting catheter/tubing and its corresponding connector. For example, luer connection and the compression sleeve may be implemented together to create a force to prevent inadvertent separation of the extension catheter or tube from the extension leg after the extension leg has been inserted into the lumen of the extension catheter/tubing. In another variation, the compression sleeve may be placed on the multi-lumen catheter to secure the catheter on the lumen inserts.
In one embodiment, the catheter has a first and second lumen 24, 26 as shown in FIG. 1. Each of the first and second lumens 24, 26 has a generally D-shaped cross-section. A longitudinally extending wall 38 defines the two lumens 24, 26 along the length of the catheter body 4. Each lumen 24, 26 connect to a respective lumen insert 14, 16 for fluid communication therewith. As shown in FIG. 2, the connection between the proximal portions of each of the extension leg 8, 10 and the distal portion of an extension catheter or tubing is an overlapping fitted connection. However, any other appropriate fastening means, such as detents may be used. In another variation, the proximal end of each leg extension is configured with a female luer interface for connection to an extension tubing's male luer distal tip. In addition, ribs 40 or grooves may be provided on the circumferential surface of the leg extension 8, 10 to improve connection between the leg extensions and their corresponding extension tubings.
Markings, indicators and/or coloring may be provided on the extension leg unit and the proximal portion of the catheter to assist the operator in matching the proper connections between each of the lumen inserts and its corresponding lumen within the catheter. To further ensure matched correspondence, the catheter tips at the proximal end of the catheter, the lumen inserts, and the extension legs may follow the same marking pattern. Thus, the first indicator is associated with one of the lumen inserts and a second indicator is associated with the other lumen insert, such that the first indicator and the second indicator define a correspondence between that lumen insert and an associated catheter lumen. In addition, the corresponding leg extension may be provided with the same indicator. While the indicator may be a visual indicator, such as color or lettering, a multi-lumen catheter with an extension leg attachment utilizing any indicator, visual, tactile, or otherwise, should be considered within the scope of the invention.
For example, the catheter may be a dialysis catheter with staggered lumen openings at the distal end of the catheter. One may provide blue and red markings on the catheter body corresponding to the lumens representing the arterial-line and the venous-line in the dialysis catheter. The lumen inserts and the extension legs on the extension leg unit may also be correspondingly marked with red and blue to prevent the operator from accidentally connecting the venous feed from the dialysis machine to the arterial-line on the catheter.
In another aspect of the invention, the catheter device comprises a catheter valve assembly 6 with a distal end 42 for connection to the proximal end 22 of a catheter 4, and a proximal end 44 for connection to the distal end 18 of an extension leg unit 2, as shown in FIG. 4. The distal end 42 of the catheter valve assembly 6 may comprise an oversleeve 46 for receiving the distal portion 48 of the catheter 4 and allowing the catheter 4 to be solvent-bond to the distal end of the catheter valve assembly 6. In another variation, the distal end 42 of the valve assembly 6 may comprise various locking interfaces with corresponding locking interfaces provided on the proximal end 22 of the catheter 4 for connecting the catheter 4 to the valve assembly 6. In the particular variation shown in FIG. 4, the catheter valve assembly 6 supports two lumens 50, 52. The distal end of each lumen exits in a corresponding lumen insert 54, 56 configured for insertion into one of the lumens 24, 26 at the proximal end 22 of the catheter 4. Although semi-circular lumen shapes are illustrated here, one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that other geometries may also be implemented within the corresponding lumens. The proximal ends 44 of the catheter valve assembly 6 are configured to receive the lumen inserts 14, 16 from the extension leg unit 2. A valve 28, 30 is configured within each of the lumens 50, 52 in the catheter valve assembly 6 to prevent retrograde fluid flow when the extension leg unit 2 is disengaged from the catheter valve assembly 6. When the extension leg unit 2 is connected to the proximal end 44 of the catheter valve assembly 6, the lumen inserts 14, 16 from the extension leg unit are inserted into their corresponding lumens 50, 52 in the catheter valve assembly 6, forcing the valves 28, 30 to open. Various locking mechanisms that were described earlier may also be configured here for connecting the extension leg unit 2 to the catheter valve assembly 6. An adapter comprising a valve assembly 6, such as the one illustrated in FIG. 4, may also be implemented for connecting an extension catheter to the proximal end of an implanted catheter.
In another variation, the catheter adapter with an integrated valve assembly may be configured with an antithrombogenic agent and/or an antibacterial agent. An antithrombogenic agent or material may be placed inside the lumens of the adapter to prevent coagulation and formation of thrombus within the adapter. For example, an antithrombogenic agent (e.g., heparinized hydrophilic polymer, various heparin complexes, etc.) may be coated on the inner surface of the adapter's lumens. In another variation, an antibacterial agent or material may be placed within the lumens of the adapter to serve as a bacterial barrier to prevent migration of infective agents into the lumens of an implanted catheter. For example, the adapter may comprise of an antibacterial polymer. In another variation, the inner lumens of the adapter may be coated with an antibacterial agent (e.g., polymer integrated with antibiotic such as gentamicin, nitrofurazone, Minocycline-rifampin, etc.). In anther variation, the polymeric valves within the valve assembly comprise a polymer impregnated with an antithrombogenic and/or an antibacterial agent. Furthermore, an antibacterial agent may also be provided on the outer surface of the adapter.
As stated above, the invention is described with a design containing two lumen inserts and a catheter valve assembly integrated within the tubing at the proximal end of a dual-lumen catheter. The present invention should not be limited, however, to this embodiment. Other appropriate configurations should be considered within the scope of the present invention. For example, the catheter tube and corresponding lumen inserts may be a series of concentric tubes of varying diameter. In another variation, the invention may provide a similar configuration to that described hereinabove with three (or more) lumen inserts and a triple (or more) lumen catheter tube.
FIG. 5 illustrates one design variation of a triple lumen configuration. In this variation, the catheter 62 comprises three pie-shaped lumens 64, 66, 68. Each of the catheter lumens 64, 66, 68 has an integrated valve positioned close to its proximal opening. An extension leg unit 70 supporting three lumen inserts 72, 74, 76 is configured for connecting extension tubings to the catheter 62. The three lumen inserts 72, 74, 76 may be placed into the three corresponding lumen openings 64, 66, 68 at the proximal end 78 of the catheter 62. The insertion of the lumen inserts 72, 74, 76 forces the valves in the catheter to open and establishes fluid communication from each of the lumens 64, 66, 68 to one of the three extension legs 80, 82, 84 at the proximal end 86 of the extension leg unit 70. Each of the three leg extensions 80, 82, 84 may be connected to an extension tubing or catheter. In another variation, the triple lumen configuration may be implemented with three circular lumens, instead of the three pie-shaped lumens.
In another variation, the catheter device is configured with fluid valves that allow introduction of an introducer (dilator) and/or guidewire through the catheter device. For example, a duck-bill valve positioned in the lumen of the catheter may be configured to accommodate a dilator. As the dilator is inserted into the proximal end of the catheter, the valve leaf of the duck-leaf valve is forced against the wall of the catheter and allows the dilator to be advanced toward the distal end of the catheter. One of ordinary skill in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure would appreciate that other polymeric valves or compressible/retractable valve mechanisms may also be implemented.
It should be appreciated in view of this disclosure that the catheter device described herein may be configured to permit reverse tunneling of an associated catheter. In the variation shown in FIG. 1, the proximal end 22 of the catheter 4 has a profile similar to the mid-shaft 23 of the catheter 4 such that it can be easily reverse tunneled through a small channel in the body of the patient. In comparison, if the catheter had a large valve mechanism at its proximal end, it would be difficult to pass the proximal end of the catheter with a large surface profile through a small channel created within the body of the patient. In one particular design, the proximal portion of the catheter, which houses the valve assembly, has a cross-sectional area that is no more than 10% larger than the cross-sectional area at the mid-shaft of the catheter body. In another design variation, the proximal portion of the catheter has a cross-sectional area that is no more than 5% larger than the cross-sectional at the mid-shaft of the catheter body.
Because the extension leg unit may comprise low cost polymeric materials, the extension leg unit may be dispensed after one treatment. The use of a new extension leg unit for each treatment may decrease the risk of infection. In some applications, such as chemotherapy treatment, it may be desirable to dispose of the extension leg unit and the associated extension tubings that are connected to the extension legs. Furthermore, blood filters, drug infusion pumps, and other medical instrumentation may be connected to a new extension leg unit prior to connection of the extension leg unit to the catheter, thereby enabling ease of connection of the patient's implanted catheter to a plurality of tubings or fluid sources. For example, the arterial-line and the venous-line of the dialysis machine may be connected to an extension leg unit prior to the patient's arrival. Once the patient is ready, the patient can be quickly hooked up to the dialysis machine by simply connecting the proximal end of the implanted dialysis catheter to the extension leg unit. After treatment, patient may be quickly disconnected from all the tubings by simply disconnecting the extension leg unit from the proximal end of the implanted dialysis catheter. Once the extension leg unit is removed, the valves at the proximal end of the catheter automatically close, and prevent fluid backflow from the catheter and seal the lumens from outside air exposure. An optional cap may then be placed on the proximal end of the implanted dialysis catheter.
In one variation, the extension leg unit may be configured with an antithrombogenic agent and/or an antibacterial agent. An antithrombogenic agent or material may be placed inside the lumens of the extension leg unit to prevent coagulation and formation of thrombus within the extension leg unit. For example, an antithrombogenic agent (e.g., heparinized hydrophilic polymer, various heparin complexes, etc.) may be coated on the inner surface of the extension leg unit's lumens. In another variation, antibacterial agent or material may be placed within the lumens of the extension leg unit to serve as a bacterial barrier to prevent migration of infective agents into the lumen of an implanted catheter. For example, the extension leg unit may comprise of an antibacterial polymer. In another variation, the inner lumens of the extension leg unit may be coated with an antibacterial agent (e.g., polymer integrated with antibiotic such as gentamicin, nitrofurazone, Minocycline-rifampin, etc.). Furthermore, an antibacterial agent may also be provided on the outer surface of the extension leg unit.
In another variation, the catheter device is configured to allow fluids to flow through the catheter device at a flow rate of about 0-500 ml/min. The valves assembly and the corresponding extension leg unit may be configured such that they introduce minimal resistance along the fluid flow paths. In another design, the catheter device is configured to support a fluid infusion rate of at least 200 ml/min. In yet another design, the catheter device is configured to support a fluid infusion rate of at least 400 ml/min.
In yet another variation, the catheter device further comprises a porous mesh or filter positioned along one or more of the fluid paths. In one variation, the porous mesh or filter is positioned in the catheter valve assembly unit. In another variation, the porous mesh or filter is positioned in the extension leg unit. For example, the porous mesh or filter may be placed in the lumen within each of the extension legs. The housing of the extension leg unit may comprise a transparent plastic such that the operator can easily monitor fluid flow inside the extension leg unit. Because the extension leg unit may be disposable, if the porous mesh or filter is clogged, the operator may simply replace the entire extension leg unit.
In another aspect of the invention, the catheter valve assembly 102 is configured within a housing 104 that may be removably or permanently attached to the proximal end 106 of a catheter 108. In one variation, as shown in FIG. 6A, a valve assembly 102 is provided for accessing the proximal end 106 of a dual lumen catheter 108. An access cannula 110 is configured for insertion into a housing supporting a valve assembly. The distal end 112 of the housing 104 is connected to a dual lumen catheter 108. In one particular design, the housing 104 is configured with a length, L1. The valve assembly 102 comprises a depressable plunger 114 for sealing the opening 116 on the valve assembly 102, as shown in FIG. 6B. In this particular example, the plunger 114 is spring-loaded 118. However, one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that other compression mechanisms or resilient materials that can overcome compressive stress may also be utilized in place of a spring 118 to actively displace the plunger 114 to seal the access opening 116 of the valve assembly.
The proximal end 120 of the housing has an opening 116 for receiving an access cannula 110. At the distal end 112 of the housing 104 are two ports 122, 124 for connection to a dual lumen catheter. Within the housing, two chambers 126, 128 are provided. Each of the two chambers 126, 128 is connected to a corresponding port 122, 124 through a channel 130, 132. The distal end of the housing may be configured with two extension legs 134, 136 for insertion into a dual lumen catheter, such that the catheter may be directly connected to the housing without the need for a standard bifurcation, extension legs and luer connectors.
A septum 138, which may be made of a material such as silicone, is implemented to provide a seal around the plunger 114 when the plunger is in an extended position. FIG. 6D shows the septum 138 from its proximal end. A center opening 140 is provided for receiving the plunger, and two side openings 142, 144 are provided to surround the two chambers. FIG. 6E is a cross-sectional view of the septum 138 taken along its longitudinal axis. FIG. 6F is a cross-sectional view of the septum taken along section A-A as indicated in FIG. 6E. An optional flexible boot or sleeve may be placed around the spring 118 to protect the spring and prevent particle build-up within the gaps within the spring.
An access cannula 110 is provided to depress the plunger 114, allowing fluid access of the chambers 126, 128 within the valve assembly housing 104. The proximal end of the access cannula 110 may be connected to a catheter. In another variation, the distal end of a catheter may be modified to serve as an access cannula. In this example, the access cannula has a blunt distal end 146 for interfacing with the plunger 114. Two lumens 148, 150 are provided within the access cannula. Each of the lumens 148, 150 has a side port 152, 154 such that when the access cannula is inserted within the valve assembly, fluid communication may be established between a corresponding chamber 126, 128 within the housing and the lumens 148, 150 of the access cannula. FIG. 6B shows the valve closed with the access cannula 110 disengaged from the valve assembly 102. FIG. 6C shows the access cannula 110 depressing the plunger 114, which fully opens the valve.
Another variation of the valve assembly 102 is illustrated in FIG. 7A. In this variation, the distal end of the access cannula 110 has a taper 156 to facilitate the insertion of the cannula 110 into the valve assembly 102. The tapered profile may help separate the septum 138 from the plunger 114, as shown in FIG. 7B. When the access cannula 110 is fully inserted into the valve assembly 102, the tapered profile engages the inner wall 158 of the septum 138 and seals the plunger 114 and its spring mechanism from the fluid flowing in the chambers 126, 128 of the valve assembly 102, as shown in FIG. 7C. In this variation, the fluid flow path is defined by the septum 138 that also serves to seal around the plunger 114 when the valve assembly is not accessed. The septum 138 also seals around the access cannula 110 when the valve assembly is accessed. The inner surface 160, 162 of the septum 138 is configured with a curved profile to allow a guidewire inserted from the distal port 122, 124 of the housing to easily pass through the valve assembly 102. For over the guidewire insertion, an adapter with an access cannula may be utilized to depress the plunger and keep the valve open.
Referring to FIGS. 8A-8D, another variation of the valve assembly 102 is illustrated. In this design, the septum 138 has a disk-shaped body with a center opening 140 to accommodate the plunger 114. FIG. 8E shows the septum 138 from a top view. FIG. 8F is a side view of the septum 138. The inner wall 164, 166 of the valve assembly housing surrounds the two chambers 126, 128. The walls 168, 170 at the proximal end of the chambers are tapered to assist the pass-through of a guidewire.
A housing, adapter, or casing 172 may be provided to support the access cannula 110 and to position the access cannula 110 within the valve assembly 102 when the valve assembly 102 is accessed. FIGS. 9A-9E illustrate one variation in which the housing 172 for the access cannula 110 is configured with leg/tubing extensions 174, 176. FIG. 9A is a side view of a detachable extension leg unit 178 for interfacing and accessing the corresponding valve assembly 102. The distal end of the valve assembly housing is connected to a dual lumen catheter 108. Latches 180, 182 are provided for securing the detachable extension leg unit 178 to the housing 104 of the valve assembly 102. FIG. 9B is a top view of the detachable extension leg unit 178 and the corresponding valve assembly. In this particular design, the housing 104 of extension leg unit 178 has a length L2. As shown in FIG. 9C, two extension/tubing 174, 176 are connected to the proximal end 184 of the access cannula 110 and direct fluids in and out of the two lumens 148, 150 within the access cannula 110. The two extensions 172, 176 bifurcate as they exit the housing 172. Luer connectors may be provided at the proximal end of the extensions for connection to other tubing or catheters. In another variation, a single extension with a dual lumen may be implemented on the access cannula housing 172 for connection to the proximal end of the access cannula 110. In addition, an optional redundant O-ring seal 186 may be provided on the shaft of the access cannula 110 to improve the seal between the access cannula 110 and the valve assembly 102 when the access cannula 110 engages the valve assembly 102.
As shown in FIG. 9C, latches 180, 182 are provided on the inner surface of the access cannula housing 172 for engaging and securing the access cannula housing 172 to the valve assembly housing 104. FIG. 9D shows the access cannula 110 fully inserted within the valve assembly 102 and the latches 180, 182 engages their corresponding notches 188, 190 on the valve assembly housing 104. In this particular design, slots 192, 194 are provided on the access cannula housing 172 for receiving a removal tool 196, 198 to release the latches from the valve assembly housing. As shown in FIG. 9E, a pair of removable tools 196, 198 are inserted into the removal tool access slots and the latches 180, 182 are forced to disengage from their corresponding notches 188, 190. Once the latches 180, 182 have disengaged, the detachable extension unit 178 with its access cannula 110 may be pried apart from the valve assembly unit 102.
One of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure would appreciate that various other locking mechanisms may be implemented to secure the access cannula within the valve assembly. In another variation, latches 180, 182 with built-in levers 200, 202, such as the ones illustrated in FIG. 10A may be utilized. An optional removal tool 204 may be provided to disengage the latches 180, 182. FIG. 10B is a side view illustrating the position of an integrated latch 182. In another example, detachable clips 206, 208 may be provided on the housing 172 supporting the access cannula 110, as shown in FIG. 1A. The operator depresses the lever 210, 212 on the clip to release the distal end of the clip so the valve assembly 102 may be slid into the access cannula housing 172. Once the valve assembly 102 is positioned in place, the clips 206, 208 are released to engage the valve assembly housing 104 and secure the proximal end 120 of the valve assembly housing 104 within the access cannula housing 172 as shown in FIG. 11B. To disengage from the valve assembly 102, the operator may depress the clips 206, 208 and pull the access cannula unit 178 off of the valve assembly 102.
In another variation, the access cannula unit 178 may be configured with extension legs 214, 216 branching from the housing 172, supporting the access cannula, as show in FIG. 12. In this particular design, the proximal portion 218 of the cannula 110 is configured with a bifurcation. Each branch of the bifurcate 220, 222 is connected to a respective lumen of one of the two extension legs 214, 216. Tubing or catheters 224, 226 may be solvent bond onto the extension legs as shown in FIG. 12. In another variation, a luer fitting may be provided at the proximal ends of the extension legs 214, 216 such that tubing or catheters 224, 226 may be connected to the extension legs 214, 216. Certainly, there are many other ways to connect tubing 224, 226 to extension legs 214, 216, which would be within the scope of this invention.
An optional adapter 228 may be provided to allow the operator to electively access the valve assembly 102. In one variation the access adapter 228 comprises a housing 230 with a protruding element 232 for depressing the plunger 114 in the valve assembly 102. In one example, the access adapter 228 comprises a housing 230, supporting a single lumen access cannula 234. An optional valve 236 may be provided at the proximal end 238 of the cannula 234 to prevent fluid backflow from the opened valve assembly 102 and keeping the system sealed when not in use. The valve 236 may include various pliable polymeric materials. In one variation, the valve 236 comprises a block of pliable silicone with a slit to allow needles or wiring to pass through. In another variation, the valve 236 comprises a silicone block 240 with an inner lumen modeled in an hourglass-shape 242 as shown in FIG. 13A. The proximal end 244 of the hourglass lumen is closed. A slit 246 is provided on the closed proximal end 244 to allow an elongated object to be pushed through.
With the access adapter 228 connected to the valve assembly 102, the operator may insert a needle on a syringe through the valve 236 and inject fluids and/or medication through the opened valve assembly 102. In another application, the access adapter 228 is utilized for over the guidewire insertion of a catheter, as shown in FIG. 13B. The distal end 112 of the valve assembly 102 is attached to the proximal end of a catheter. An access adapter 228 is attached to the proximal end 120 of the valve assembly to depress the plunger 114 and open the valve assembly. The distal end of the catheter may then be inserted over a guidewire that has its proximal portion inserted within a vessel of a patient. The catheter is then advanced forward along the length of the guidewire. Finally, the proximal end 248 of the guidewire 250 passes through the opened valve assembly and then through the valve 236 at the distal end of the access cannula 234. The valve 236 prevents fluids in the catheter lumen from back-flowing out of the proximal end of the access adapter 238.
In applications where an hourglass-valve 236 is utilized as illustrated in FIG. 13B, the neck of the hour glass may provide a seal around circumferential surface of the guidewire 250 and provide added protection to back-flow in addition to the slit 246 at the proximal end. Since the neck 252 of the hourglass 236 valve may be configured with a circumferential inner surface including an inner diameter that is equal or slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the guidewire 250, the neck portion 252 may provide a more even seal around the body of the guidewire 250 than the proximal end slit 246.
Although a single lumen access cannula 234 is illustrated in FIG. 13A, one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that a dual lumen access cannula may also be implemented in the access adapter to allow the operator to selectively inject or withdrawal fluids from either of the catheter lumens. In addition, one may modify the single lumen access cannula adapter 228 by removing the valve 236, and attaching a catheter to the proximal end of the cannula housing. In another variation, an extension leg may be provided at the proximal end of the housing for connection to a catheter. The modified access cannula adapter may then be utilized to connect a single lumen catheter to a dual lumen catheter for accessing the two lumens simultaneously.
In another variation of the valve assembly 102, a safety sealing disk 254 is implemented to prevent accidental opening of the valve. The safety disk 254 is configured such that depressing the plunger 114 alone can not open the valve. In this design, the access cannula 110 may depress the plunger 114 and at the same time engage the safety disk 254 to establish an open fluid pathway within the valve assembly 102. In one variation, as shown in FIG. 14A, a first spring 256 positioned at the distal end of the plunger provides spring-loading of the plunger 114. A second spring 258 positioned on the shaft of the plunger 114 between the base 260 of the plunger and the safety disk 254 provides the spring-loading of the safety disk 254. Depending on the design criteria, the thickness of the safety disk 254 may be modified to provide the necessary protection. In this design, if the plunger 114 is depressed without engaging the safety sealing disk 254, the second spring 258 keeps the safety sealing disk 254 in place and prevent premature leakage of fluids. When an access cannula 110 is partially inserted into the valve assembly, as shown in FIG. 14B, the distal tip of the cannula 110 engages both the plunger 114 and the safety sealing disk 254. As the plunger 114 and the safety sealing disk 254 are fully depressed, fluids may then flow out of the lumens 148, 150 of the access cannula 110, through the openings 262, 264 on the safety sealing disk 254, and into the channels 130, 132 in the valve assembly housing 104, as shown in FIG. 14C.
FIG. 14D shows the valve assembly housing 104 viewed from the distal end 112 of the housing. Two extension legs 134, 136 form the two inserts for insertion into a dual lumen catheter. FIG. 14E is a plain view of the safety sealing disk 254. A center opening 266 accommodates the plunger 114; two side openings 262, 264 provide the pathways for fluid pass-through when the safety disk 254 is depressed. FIG. 14F is a side view of the septum 138 which provides the seal around the plunger 114 and the safety sealing disk 254 when the valve is closed. When the valve is accessed by an access cannula 110, the septum 138 provides the seal around the access cannula 110 and guides the safety sealing disk as it displaces toward the distal end of the housing. FIG. 14G is a plain view of the septum 138 viewed form the proximal end down its longitudinal axis.
In another variation, as shown in FIG. 15A, the safety sealing disk 254 is spring-loaded by a spring 268 position along the inner wall 270 of the valve assembly housing 104. The septum 138 comprises a disk-shaped block with an opening 140 to accommodate the plunger 114, as shown in FIG. 15E. FIG. 15F illustrates the side view of the septum 138. The safety disk 254, as shown in FIG. 15C, comprises a center opening 266 to accommodate the plunger 114 and two side channels 262, 264 to allow fluid pass-through when the safety sealing disk 254 is depressed. In this design, if the plunger 114 is accidentally depressed without engaging the safety disk 254, as the plunger advances distally, the inner wall 270 of the safety sealing disk is exposed. However, the presence of the safety sealing disk 254 blocks fluid from flowing into or out of the chambers 126, 128 within the valve assembly 102. The distal end of the access cannula 110 is tapered 272 to facilitate insertion of the tip 274 of the cannula between the plunger 114 and the septum 138. In addition, the tapered profile 272 is also configured to engage the safety sealing disk 254. As shown in FIG. 15D, the inner wall 270 of the center opening 266 of the safety sealing disk 254 is configured with a slanted profile 276 matching the tapered profile 272 on the distal end of the access cannula 110. When the access cannula 110 is inserted into the valve assembly 102, the tapered profile 272 on the outer wall of the access cannula 110 engages the inner wall 270 of the safety sealing disk's center opening 266 and forces the safety sealing disk 254 to displace distally, as shown in FIG. 15B. Consequently, fluid paths are established through the valve assembly.
Although in the above examples, a dual channel valve assembly is used to illustrate the functionality of a plunger-based valve assembly, one of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure would appreciate that the plunger-based valve assembly may be modified to accommodate single channel connections or connections with three or more fluid channels. For example, the device shown in FIG. 15B may be modified such that the access cannula 110 has a single lumen and the extension legs 134, 136 at the distal end of the housing may be merged into a single extension. As such, the valve assembly unit may serve as a proximal end protection for a single lumen catheter, and at the same time, provide an interface for connecting another single lumen catheter to serve as an extension. In another variation, the device shown in FIG. 15B may also be modified such that the access cannula 110 supports three or more lumens with corresponding side ports. The valve assembly 102 may be configured with a plurality of chambers matching the number of lumens in the access cannula. As such, the valve assembly may be utilized to provide proximal end protection and connection to a catheter including a plurality of lumens. In another variation, the valve assembly may be utilized for sealing a plurality of single lumen catheters and allow simultaneous access of all the single lumen catheters connected to the valve assembly. For example, the valve assembly may have four chambers with four corresponding ports. Each of the ports is connected to a separate catheter. An access cannula including four lumens may then be utilized to access the four catheters connected to the four chamber valve assembly simultaneously.
In yet another aspect of the invention, a valve assembly 102 is configured for single lumen catheter connection and access protection. The valve assembly comprises a housing which is accessible at the proximal end 180 with an access cannula 110 including a slightly tapered 282 blunt end 284, as shown in FIG. 16A. A catheter 292 may be attached (either pre-connected or attachable) to the distal end of the valve assembly housing 294. An access tubing 286 with a closed proximal end 288, and one or more side orifices 290 for accessing the lumen of the tubing 286 is positioned at the center of the housing 290. The distal end 296 of the access tubing is attached to the valve assembly housing 294 and a fluid communication path is established between the lumen of the catheter 292 and the lumen of the access tubing 286. In one design, the access tubing 286 has two oval shaped orifices 290, 296, as shown in FIG. 16D and FIG. 16E.
A compressible seal 298 is positioned within the valve assembly housing 294 and surrounds the access tubing 286 to seal the orifices 290, 296 on the access tubing 286, as shown in FIG. 16B. The compressible seal 298 may comprise various compressible polymeric materials (e.g., low durometer silicone, closed cell foam rubber, etc.). FIG. 16F is a proximal end view of the compressible seal 298. FIG. 16G is a side view of the compressible seal 298. Indentations 300 are provided around the circumferential surface of the compressible seal 298, such that the compressible seal may have room 302 for displacement within the valve assembly housing 294 when the access cannula 110 engages the valve assembly 102. To provide access to the catheter, the access cannula 110 is aligned with the access tubing 286 within the valve assembly housing 294, and then the access cannula 110 is inserted into the valve assembly 102 and over the access tubing 286. As the access cannula 110 is advanced into the valve assembly 102, as shown in FIG. 16C, the access cannula 110 separates the compressible seal 298 from the access tubing 288 and pushes the compressible seal 298 against the inner wall 304 of the valve assembly housing 294. Because the inner diameter 306 of the access cannula 110 is larger than the outer diameter 308 of the access tubing 286, a fluid flow-path is established between the inner lumen of the access tubing 286 and the inner lumen of the access cannula 110, through the orifices 290, 296 on the inner tubing 286. The distal end 284 of the access cannula 110 is tapered and may be configured to provide an additional seal around the base 310 of the access tubing 286.
In another variation, a single lumen catheter connection 312 is configured with a valve assembly 314 comprising a plurality of polymeric layers, each with at least one access slit 316. In the example shown in FIG. 17A, the valve assembly comprises a housing 318 supporting three layers of a disk, which may be made of silicone, layered over each other to form the access port 312. The top layer 320 has an opening 322 at the center of the disk to guide the placement of an access cannula, as shown in FIG. 17B. The middle layer 324 has a slit 316 across the center of the disk. The bottom layer 326 also has a slit 328 on the center of the disk. An inner frame 330 is provided to support the polymeric disks. The middle 324 and the bottom disk 326 are positioned such that their corresponding slits 316, 328 are angularly aligned with each other. In one variation, the two slits 316, 328 are positioned perpendicularly with each other such that the slits cross at the center of the access port. One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that three or more polymer disks with slits may also be implemented. Additional disks with circular openings may be implemented as the base layer or between the slit disks to keep the access cannula aligned when it is inserted in to the valve assembly.
The various valve assemblies described above may be configured to serve as needle-less catheter access systems. In one example, illustrated in FIG. 18A, the valve assembly 102 is attached to the proximal end 335 of a catheter 332 and implanted into a patient's body. The outer circumference of the valve assembly may be encased within a Vitacuff® material 334 to facilitate tissue in-growth to seal around the valve assembly 102 implanted under the skin of the patient. The proximal access end 336 of the valve assembly 102 is exposed on the surface of the skin. The distal end 338 of the valve assembly housing 342 may be modified to provide suitable catheter connection angles depending on the particular application. For example, in FIG. 18A, the distal portion 340 of the valve assembly housing 342 has a bent profile to support that attachment of a catheter 332 at an angle. To access the implanted catheter 332, an access cannula 110 is inserted into the valve assembly 102 through the access port 344 exposed on the surface of the skin. FIG. 18B shows the access cannula 110 engaging the valve assembly 102 and a fluid path is established between the lumen of the implanted catheter 332 and the lumen of the access cannula 110. Although, in FIGS. 18A and 18B, a single lumen catheter connection is illustrated, one of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure would appreciate that other valve assemblies disclosed herein, whether including one, two or three lumens/chambers, may also be implemented as an access port for an implanted catheter.
Furthermore, the various valve assemblies described herein, whether integrated within the proximal end of a catheter or as a separate adapter, may be configured with an antithrombogenic agent and/or an antibacterial agent. An antithrombogenic agents or material may be placed inside the lumen of the valve assembly to prevent coagulation and formation of thrombus within the valve assembly. For example, an antithrombogenic agent (e.g., heparinized hydrophilic polymer, various heparin complexes, etc.) may be coated on the inner surface of the adapter's lumens/chambers. In another variation, an antibacterial agent or material may be placed within the lumen/chamber of the valve assembly to serve as a bacterial barrier to prevent migration of infective agents into the lumen of an implanted catheter. For example, the valve assembly housing may comprise of an antibacterial polymer. In another variation, the inner lumen/chamber of the valve assembly may be coated with an antibacterial agent (e.g., polymer integrated with antibiotic such as gentamicin, nitrofurazone, Minocycline-rifampin, etc.). In anther variation, the valve (e.g., polymeric duckbill valve, spring-loaded plunger, etc.) within the valve assembly comprises a polymer impregnated with an antithrombogenic and/or an antibacterial agent. Furthermore, an antibacterial agent may also be provided on the outer surface of the valve assembly housing.
In view of the disclosure herein, one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that a catheter device incorporating the valve assembly described herein may be utilized in various medical procedures. One of ordinary skill in the art would also appreciate that catheters including integrated valve assemblies described herein may be inserted into the patient's circulatory system through various veins and arteries with procedures that are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
In one example, the following devices and instruments are prepared for carrying out an implant procedure: multi-lumen catheter tube, introducer needle, multiple tear away sheath dilator introducers, J-flex guidewires, trocars, lock right adapters with clamps, injection caps, scalpel, sutures, and adhesive wound dressing. Additionally, the physician is also be provided with scissors, forceps, needles dishes, syringes and gauze. In particular approach, the catheter with a valve assembly incorporated at the proximal end is inserted into a patient's jugular vein. The procedure begins with placing the patient in a position with the patient's head turned to the opposite side of where catheter tip is to be placed into the jugular vein. The anatomical landmark for proper insertion is defined by the triangle formed by the lateral edge of the sternal head, the medial edge of the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and the upper edge of the clavicle. The patient's neck and a portion of the patient's thorax beneath the clavicle, at least about 20 cm, are prepared for incision. Thereafter, the patient is draped and a local anesthetic is administered.
A local anesthetic skin wheel may be created, taking care to infiltrate the subcutaneous tissue for about 2 to 3 cm. Next, with an 18-gauge needle attached to a syringe, the physician can identify the internal jugular vein by aspiration and then proceed at an angle while continuing to aspirate with the syringe. Once the internal jugular vein has been located, the method includes detaching the syringe while leaving the needle in place. Thereafter the J-flex guidewire is introduced through the needle and into the internal jugular vein. The guidewire is passed with minimal resistance into the desired location. The needle is removed, leaving the guidewire in place. The tip of the guidewire rests at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium. Appropriate guidewire placement may be confirmed with fluoroscopy.
Next, with a scalpel, the physician makes an incision in the skin that is wide enough for the catheter tube to pass. A tearaway sheath dilator may be introduced over the guidewire and into the vein far enough to dilate the vessel. After expanding the vein wall, the guidewire may be removed. A trocar is screwed onto the catheter tube. The dilator may be removed, leaving the tearaway sheath in place to introduce the catheter tube. As the catheter tube is fed into the sheath the tearaway sheath may be torn away. Fluoroscopy may then be performed to confirm catheter tube placement. The distal tip with the venous lumen opening on the dual lumen dialysis catheter is positioned at the opening of the right atrium, and the arterial lumen opening, proximal to the distal tip, is positioned approximately 4 cm higher. Positioning, as described, may prevent blood recirculation during hemodialysis. Next, a tunnel, of about 8 to 10 cm, is created in a caudal and internal direction by means of the tunneler, which may be shaped to physician's preference. The proximal portion of the catheter tube is gently pulled through the tunnel until the loop at the original puncture site is gone. The catheter tube is then adjusted to rest over the clavicle.
If the catheter implanted has a built-in valve assembly within the lumens of the catheter, an extension leg unit may then be attached to the proximal end of the implanted catheter through the valve assembly. As the extension leg unit is attached to the proximal end of the implanted catheter, the lumen inserts from the extension leg unit or the access cannula engages the valve assembly located within the proximal end of the implanted catheter. In another variation, after tunneling the proximal end of the catheter, a removable valve assembly may be connected to the proximal end of the implanted catheter. An access cannula may then be inserted into the valve assembly to access the implanted catheter.
For dialysis application, the arterial-line and the venous-line on the dialysis machine may be connected to the extension leg unit or the access cannula prior to attaching the extension leg unit or the access cannula to the valve assembly on the catheter. When an extension leg unit is utilized, the luer connector on the extension leg unit may be backfitted over the shaft of the implanted catheter. Next, the compression sleeve may be backfitted over the catheter shaft. The two lumen inserts are positioned within the implanted catheter's two lumens, respectively, creating a friction fit. Optionally, proper markings may be provided on the valve assembly and the extension leg unit (or the access cannula unit), so that the arterial and venous lines from the hemodialysis machine can be connected to withdraw and infuse blood from the appropriate lumen in the implanted hemodialysis catheter.
In applications where tunneling is required, the physician may attach the tunneler to the distal end of the catheter. The catheter may then be tunneled from the exit incision site to the cut-down site before inserting the distal end of the catheter into the body. However, for catheter implementing an extension leg unit with a removable bifurcate or a detachable valve assembly, the physician may be removed the bifurcate or the detachable valve assembly so that the proximal end of the catheter can be easily reverse tunneled. In this case, the proximal portion of the catheter is tunneled from the cut-down site to the exit incision site. Optionally, a tunneler including an interconnector or locking mechanism matching the locking interface at the proximal end of catheter may be utilized for tunneling of the catheter. For example, the proximal end of a multi-lumen catheter with a built-in valve assembly may have a threading 34 surrounding the body of the catheter, as shown in FIG. 1 (left). One may provide a tunneler including a connector with matching threads, for the tunneling procedure. The physician screws the proximal end of the multi-lumen catheter onto the connector at the proximal end of the tunneler to secure the catheter to the tunneler. Once the proximal portion of the multi-lumen catheter is tunneled through the tissue, the tunneler is then removed, and the corresponding extension leg unit may be inserted into the proximal end of the catheter. In another variation, tunneling devices with other attachment mechanisms that are capable of holding/gripping onto the proximal end of the catheter may also be utilized to complete the tunneling of the catheter.
This invention has been described and specific examples of the invention have been portrayed. While the invention has been described in terms of particular variations and illustrative figures, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the invention is not limited to the variations or figures described. In addition, where methods and steps described above indicate certain events occurring in certain order, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the ordering of certain steps may be modified and that such modifications are in accordance with the variations of the invention. Additionally, certain of the steps may be performed concurrently in a parallel process when possible, as well as performed sequentially as described above. Therefore, to the extent that there are variations of the invention, which are within the spirit of the disclosure or equivalent to the inventions found in the claims, it is the intent that this patent will cover those variations as well. Finally, all publications and patent applications cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually put forth herein.
an access cannula including a distal end configured to engage the plunger, and first and second lumens in respective fluid communication with first and second side ports, insertion of a distal portion of the cannula through the proximal openings of the septum and housing displacing the plunger and establishing fluid communication between the side ports and the channels in a valve assembly open position.
2. The catheter connector according to claim 1, wherein the plunger is spring-loaded.
3. The catheter connector according to claim 1, wherein the distal end of the access cannula includes a recess configured to receive a proximal portion of the plunger.
4. The catheter connector according to claim 1, wherein the distal end of the access cannula is tapered.
5. The catheter connector according to claim 1, wherein the housing comprises first and second chambers in respective fluid communication with the first and second channels, the plunger separating the first and second chambers from one another in the valve assembly closed position.
6. The catheter connector according to claim 5, wherein at least one of the first and second chambers includes a curved surface.
7. The catheter connector according to claim 5, wherein the first and second chambers are defined by the septum.
8. The catheter connector according to claim 7, wherein the septum further comprises a plunger receiving section positioned between the first and second chambers, the distal end of the cannula received in the plunger receiving section in the valve assembly open position.
9. The catheter connector according to claim 1, wherein the septum has a disk-shaped configuration.
10. The catheter connector according to claim 1, wherein the access cannula further comprises first and second tubing extensions in respective fluid communication with first and second lumens.
11. The catheter connector according to claim 1, wherein the access cannula further comprises a cannula casing including an outer wall circumscribing the distal portion of the cannula.
12. The catheter connector according to claim 11, wherein the cannula casing outer wall includes latches configured to engage the valve assembly housing.
13. The catheter connector according to claim 12, wherein the cannula casing further comprises levers cooperating with the latches.
14. The catheter connector according to claim 12, wherein the cannula casing outer wall further comprises slots proximal of the latches configured to receive a removal tool.
15. The catheter connector according to claim 11, wherein the cannula casing includes a clip configured to engage the valve assembly housing.
16. The catheter connector according to claim 11, further comprising an O-ring seal around a shaft of the access cannula, the O-ring seal positioned adjacent the septum proximal opening in the valve assembly open position.
17. The catheter connector according to claim 11, wherein the cannula casing further comprises a bifurcation positioned at a proximal end, the bifurcation including a first and second extension leg with passages in respective fluid communication with first and second tubings.
18. The catheter connector according to claim 11, further comprising a valve positioned in a proximal portion of the cannula casing, including a closed proximal end with a slit, an open distal end in fluid communication with at least one of the first and second lumens, and a side wall that narrows from the valve proximal end to a neck and expands from the neck to the valve distal end, the neck configured to seal around a standard guidewire.
an access cannula including a distal end configured to engage the plunger, insertion of a distal portion of the cannula through the proximal openings of the septum and housing displacing the plunger and sealing disk to establish fluid communication between a lumen of the cannula and a channel of the valve assembly.
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2019-04-23T01:28:48Z
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https://patents.google.com/patent/US20080147012A1/en
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Sports
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Health
| 0.445028 |
ucsb
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Bullo F, Agharkar P, Bopardikar SD. 2015. VEHICLE ROUTING ALGORITHMS FOR RADIALLY ESCAPING TARGETS. SIAM JOURNAL ON CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION. 53:2934-2954.
Doyle, III FJ, Petzold LR, Smith KS, Taylor SR, Webb AB. 2010. Velocity Response Curves Support the Role of Continuous Entrainment in Circadian Clocks. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS. 25:138-149.
Turner KL, Chary S, Tamelier J. 2012. Vertical Anisotropic Microfibers for a Gecko-Inspired Adhesive. LANGMUIR. 28:8746-8752.
Moxley E, Mei T, Manjunath B.S. 2010. Video Annotation Through Search and Graph Reinforcement Mining. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MULTIMEDIA. 12:184-193.
A Abbadi E, Stanoi I, Agrawal D. 2000. View derivation graph with edge fitting for adaptive data warehousing. DATA WAREHOUSING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY, PROCEEDINGS. 1874:67-76.
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2019-04-18T21:00:39Z
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https://www.ccdc.ucsb.edu/publications?page=113&s=type&o=asc
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Sports
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Science
| 0.564193 |
nsw
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Now in its third year, the 2019 Wired Open Labs workshop series continues to engage outstanding Australian artists and artisans who provide unique experiences to suit every creative appetite. Offered throughout the Eastern Riverina and South West Slopes these workshops cater to beginners through to experienced artists. In this six hour workshop you will learn: The technicalities of working with polymer clay, a low-tox and versatile material; Creating common bead shapes, using colour to embellish your clay, including colour marbling; Embellishing your designs with texture, glitter and gold leaf, as well as other surface design techniques; and How to make many types of jewellery, including necklaces, earrings, rings and brooches. Bookings are essential with places filling fast. Each attendee will leave with a selection of finished handmade polymer clay pieces, plus additional pieces to cure at home. Introductory class suitable for beginners. All materials provided. For more information please visit the website.
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2019-04-25T04:57:07Z
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https://www.nsw.gov.au/news-and-events/events/wired-open-labs-polymer-clay-jewellery-workshop/
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Sports
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Arts
| 0.85809 |
wikipedia
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A 230-volt incandescent light bulb with a medium-sized E27 (Edison 27 millimeter) male screw base. The filament is visible as the mostly horizontal line between the vertical supply wires.
An SEM image of the tungsten filament of an incandescent light bulb.
Incandescent bulbs are much less efficient than other types of electric lighting; incandescent bulbs convert less than 5% of the energy they use into visible light, with standard light bulbs averaging about 2.2%. The remaining energy is converted into heat. The luminous efficacy of a typical incandescent bulb for 120 V operation is 16 lumens per watt, compared with 60 lm/W for a compact fluorescent bulb or 150 lm/W for some white LED lamps.
Some applications of the incandescent bulb (such as heat lamps) deliberately use the heat generated by the filament. Such applications include incubators, brooding boxes for poultry, heat lights for reptile tanks, infrared heating for industrial heating and drying processes, lava lamps, and the Easy-Bake Oven toy. Incandescent bulbs typically have short lifetimes compared with other types of lighting; around 1,000 hours for home light bulbs versus typically 10,000 hours for compact fluorescents and 30,000 hours for lighting LEDs.
Incandescent bulbs have been replaced in many applications by other types of electric light, such as fluorescent lamps, compact fluorescent lamps (CFL), cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFL), high-intensity discharge lamps, and light-emitting diode lamps (LED). Some jurisdictions, such as the European Union, China, Canada and United States, are in the process[needs update] of phasing out the use of incandescent light bulbs while others, including Colombia, Mexico, Cuba, Argentina and Brazil, have prohibited them already.
Historian Thomas Hughes has attributed Edison's success to his development of an entire, integrated system of electric lighting.
The lamp was a small component in his system of electric lighting, and no more critical to its effective functioning than the Edison Jumbo generator, the Edison main and feeder, and the parallel-distribution system. Other inventors with generators and incandescent lamps, and with comparable ingenuity and excellence, have long been forgotten because their creators did not preside over their introduction in a system of lighting.
In 1761 Ebenezer Kinnersley demonstrated heating a wire to incandescence.
In 1802, Humphry Davy used what he described as "a battery of immense size", consisting of 2,000 cells housed in the basement of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, to create an incandescent light by passing the current through a thin strip of platinum, chosen because the metal had an extremely high melting point. It was not bright enough nor did it last long enough to be practical, but it was the precedent behind the efforts of scores of experimenters over the next 75 years.
Over the first three-quarters of the 19th century, many experimenters worked with various combinations of platinum or iridium wires, carbon rods, and evacuated or semi-evacuated enclosures. Many of these devices were demonstrated and some were patented.
In 1835, James Bowman Lindsay demonstrated a constant electric light at a public meeting in Dundee, Scotland. He stated that he could "read a book at a distance of one and a half feet". Lindsay, a lecturer at the Watt Institution in Dundee, Scotland, at the time, had developed a light that was not combustible, created no smoke or smell and was less expensive to produce than Davy's platinum-dependent bulb. However, having perfected the device to his own satisfaction, he turned to the problem of wireless telegraphy and did not develop the electric light any further. His claims are not well documented, although he is credited in Challoner et al. with being the inventor of the "Incandescent Light Bulb".
In 1838, Belgian lithographer Marcellin Jobard invented an incandescent light bulb with a vacuum atmosphere using a carbon filament.
In 1840, British scientist Warren de la Rue enclosed a coiled platinum filament in a vacuum tube and passed an electric current through it. The design was based on the concept that the high melting point of platinum would allow it to operate at high temperatures and that the evacuated chamber would contain fewer gas molecules to react with the platinum, improving its longevity. Although a workable design, the cost of the platinum made it impractical for commercial use.
In 1841, Frederick de Moleyns of England was granted the first patent for an incandescent lamp, with a design using platinum wires contained within a vacuum bulb. He also used carbon.
In 1845, American John W. Starr acquired a patent for his incandescent light bulb involving the use of carbon filaments. He died shortly after obtaining the patent, and his invention was never produced commercially. Little else is known about him.
In 1859, Moses G. Farmer built an electric incandescent light bulb using a platinum filament. He later patented a light bulb which was purchased by Thomas Edison.
In 1872, Russian Alexander Lodygin invented an incandescent light bulb and obtained a Russian patent in 1874. He used as a burner two carbon rods of diminished section in a glass receiver, hermetically sealed, and filled with nitrogen, electrically arranged so that the current could be passed to the second carbon when the first had been consumed. Later he lived in the US, changed his name to Alexander de Lodyguine and applied and obtained patents for incandescent lamps having chromium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, osmium, molybdenum and tungsten filaments, and a bulb using a molybdenum filament was demonstrated at the world fair of 1900 in Paris.
On 24 July 1874, a Canadian patent was filed by Henry Woodward and Mathew Evans for a lamp consisting of carbon rods mounted in a nitrogen-filled glass cylinder. They were unsuccessful at commercializing their lamp, and sold rights to their patent (U.S. Patent 0,181,613) to Thomas Edison in 1879.
Heinrich Göbel in 1893 claimed he had designed the first incandescent light bulb in 1854, with a thin carbonized bamboo filament of high resistance, platinum lead-in wires in an all-glass envelope, and a high vacuum. Judges of four courts raised doubts about the alleged Göbel anticipation, but there was never a decision in a final hearing due to the expiry date of Edison's patent. A research work published 2007 concluded that the story of the Göbel lamps in the 1850s is a legend.
Joseph Swan (1828–1914) was a British physicist and chemist. In 1850, he began working with carbonized paper filaments in an evacuated glass bulb. By 1860, he was able to demonstrate a working device but the lack of a good vacuum and an adequate supply of electricity resulted in a short lifetime for the bulb and an inefficient source of light. By the mid-1870s better pumps became available, and Swan returned to his experiments.
With the help of Charles Stearn, an expert on vacuum pumps, in 1878, Swan developed a method of processing that avoided the early bulb blackening. This received a British Patent in 1880.[dubious – discuss] On 18 December 1878, a lamp using a slender carbon rod was shown at a meeting of the Newcastle Chemical Society, and Swan gave a working demonstration at their meeting on 17 January 1879. It was also shown to 700 who attended a meeting of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne on 3 February 1879. These lamps used a carbon rod from an arc lamp rather than a slender filament. Thus they had low resistance and required very large conductors to supply the necessary current, so they were not commercially practical, although they did furnish a demonstration of the possibilities of incandescent lighting with relatively high vacuum, a carbon conductor, and platinum lead-in wires. This bulb lasted about 40 hours. Swan then turned his attention to producing a better carbon filament and the means of attaching its ends. He devised a method of treating cotton to produce 'parchmentised thread' in the early 1880s and obtained British Patent 4933 that same year. From this year he began installing light bulbs in homes and landmarks in England. His house, Underhill, Low Fell, Gateshead, was the first in the world to be lit by a lightbulb and also the first house in the world to be lit by hydroelectric power. In 1878 the home of Lord Armstrong at Cragside was also among the first houses to be lit by electricity. In the early 1880s he had started his company. In 1881, the Savoy Theatre in the City of Westminster, London was lit by Swan incandescent lightbulbs, which was the first theatre, and the first public building in the world, to be lit entirely by electricity. The first street in the world to be lit by an incandescent lightbulb was Mosley Street, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom. It was lit by Joseph Swan's incandescent lamp on 3 February 1879.
Thomas Edison began serious research into developing a practical incandescent lamp in 1878. Edison filed his first patent application for "Improvement In Electric Lights" on 14 October 1878. After many experiments, first with carbon in the early 1880s and then with platinum and other metals, in the end Edison returned to a carbon filament. The first successful test was on 22 October 1879, and lasted 13.5 hours. Edison continued to improve this design and by 4 November 1879, filed for a US patent for an electric lamp using "a carbon filament or strip coiled and connected ... to platina contact wires." Although the patent described several ways of creating the carbon filament including using "cotton and linen thread, wood splints, papers coiled in various ways," Edison and his team later discovered that a carbonized bamboo filament could last more than 1200 hours. In 1880, the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company steamer, Columbia, became the first application for Edison's incandescent electric lamps (it was also the first ship to use a dynamo).
Albon Man, a New York lawyer, started Electro-Dynamic Light Company in 1878 to exploit his patents and those of William Sawyer. Weeks later the United States Electric Lighting Company was organized. This company didn't make their first commercial installation of incandescent lamps until the fall of 1880 at the Mercantile Safe Deposit Company in New York City, about six months after the Edison incandescent lamps had been installed on the Columbia. Hiram S. Maxim was the chief engineer at the United States Electric Lighting Company.
Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments. On 17 January 1882, Latimer received a patent for the "Process of Manufacturing Carbons", an improved method for the production of light bulb filaments, which was purchased by the United States Electric Light Company. Latimer patented other improvements such as a better way of attaching filaments to their wire supports.
In Britain, the Edison and Swan companies merged into the Edison and Swan United Electric Company (later known as Ediswan, and ultimately incorporated into Thorn Lighting Ltd). Edison was initially against this combination, but after Swan sued him and won, Edison was eventually forced to cooperate, and the merger was made. Eventually, Edison acquired all of Swan's interest in the company. Swan sold his US patent rights to the Brush Electric Company in June 1882.
The United States Patent Office gave a ruling 8 October 1883, that Edison's patents were based on the prior art of William Sawyer and were invalid. Litigation continued for a number of years. Eventually on 6 October 1889, a judge ruled that Edison's electric light improvement claim for "a filament of carbon of high resistance" was valid.
In 1896 Italian inventor Arturo Malignani (1865–1939) patented an evacuation method for mass production, which allowed obtaining economic bulbs lasting 800 hours. The patent was acquired by Edison in 1898.
Hungarian advertising of the Tungsram-bulb from 1906. This was the first light bulb that used a filament made from tungsten instead of carbon. The inscription reads: wire lamp with a drawn wire – indestructible.
Spectrum of an incandescent lamp at 2200K, showing most of its emission as invisible infrared light.
On 13 December 1904, Hungarian Sándor Just and Croatian Franjo Hanaman were granted a Hungarian patent (No. 34541) for a tungsten filament lamp that lasted longer and gave brighter light than the carbon filament. Tungsten filament lamps were first marketed by the Hungarian company Tungsram in 1904. This type is often called Tungsram-bulbs in many European countries. Filling a bulb with an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen slows down the evaporation of the tungsten filament compared to operating it in a vacuum. This allows for greater temperatures and therefore greater efficacy with less reduction in filament life.
In 1906, William D. Coolidge developed a method of making "ductile tungsten" from sintered tungsten which could be made into filaments while working for General Electric Company. By 1911 General Electric began selling incandescent light bulbs with ductile tungsten wire.
In 1917, Burnie Lee Benbow was granted a patent for inventing the coiled coil filament. In 1921, Junichi Miura created the first double-coil bulb using a coiled coil tungsten filament while working for Hakunetsusha (a predecessor of Toshiba). At the time, machinery to mass-produce coiled coil filaments did not exist. Hakunetsusha developed a method to mass-produce coiled coil filaments by 1936.
Between 1924 and the outbreak of the Second World War, the Phoebus cartel attempted to fix prices and sales quotas for bulb manufacturers outside of North America.
In 1925, Marvin Pipkin, an American chemist, patented a process for frosting the inside of lamp bulbs without weakening them, and in 1947, he patented a process for coating the inside of lamps with silica.
In 1930, Hungarian Imre Bródy filled lamps with krypton gas rather than argon, and designed a process to obtain krypton from air. Production of krypton filled lamps based on his invention started at Ajka in 1937, in a factory co-designed by Polányi and Hungarian-born physicist Egon Orowan.
Consumption of incandescent light bulbs grew rapidly in the US. In 1885, an estimated 300,000 general lighting service lamps were sold, all with carbon filaments. When tungsten filaments were introduced, about 50 million lamp sockets existed in the US. In 1914, 88.5 million lamps were used, (only 15% with carbon filaments), and by 1945, annual sales of lamps were 795 million (more than 5 lamps per person per year).
Of the power consumed by typical incandescent light bulbs, 95% or more is converted into heat rather than visible light. Other electrical light sources are more effective.
Luminous efficacy of a light source may be defined in two ways. The radiant luminous efficacy (LER) is the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the luminous flux) to the total power radiated over all wavelengths. The source luminous efficacy (LES) is the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the luminous flux) to the total power input to the source, such as a lamp. Visible light is measured in lumens, a unit which is defined in part by the differing sensitivity of the human eye to different wavelengths of light. Not all wavelengths of visible electromagnetic energy are equally effective at stimulating the human eye; the luminous efficacy of radiant energy (LER) is a measure of how well the distribution of energy matches the perception of the eye. The units of luminous efficacy are "lumens per watt" (lpw). The maximum LER possible is 683 lm/W for monochromatic green light at 555 nanometers wavelength, the peak sensitivity of the human eye.
The luminous efficiency is defined as the ratio of the luminous efficacy to the theoretical maximum luminous efficacy of 683 lpw, and, as for luminous efficacy, is of two types, radiant luminous efficiency (LFR) and source luminous efficacy (LFS).
The chart below lists values of overall luminous efficacy and efficiency for several types of general service, 120-volt, 1000-hour lifespan incandescent bulb, and several idealized light sources. The values for the incandescent bulbs are source efficiencies and efficacies. The values for the ideal sources are radiant efficiencies and efficacies. A similar chart in the article on luminous efficacy compares a broader array of light sources to one another.
The spectrum emitted by a blackbody radiator at temperatures of incandescent bulbs does not match the sensitivity characteristics of the human eye. Most of the radiation is not in the range of wavelengths to which the eye is sensitive. Tungsten filaments radiate mostly infrared radiation at temperatures where they remain solid – below 3,695 K (3,422 °C; 6,191 °F). Donald L. Klipstein explains it this way: "An ideal thermal radiator produces visible light most efficiently at temperatures around 6,300 °C (6,600 K; 11,400 °F). Even at this high temperature, a lot of the radiation is either infrared or ultraviolet, and the theoretical luminous efficacy (LER) is 95 lumens per watt." No known material can be used as a filament at this ideal temperature, which is hotter than the sun's surface. An upper limit for incandescent lamp luminous efficacy (LER) is around 52 lumens per watt, the theoretical value emitted by tungsten at its melting point.
Although inefficient, incandescent light bulbs have an advantage in applications where accurate color reproduction is important, since the continuous blackbody spectrum emitted from an incandescent light-bulb filament yields near-perfect color rendition, with a color rendering index of 100 (the best possible). White-balancing is still required to avoid too "warm" or "cool" colors, but this is a simple process that requires only the color temperature in kelvins as input for modern, digital visual reproduction equipment such as video or still cameras unless it is completely automated. The color-rendering performance of incandescent lights cannot be matched by LEDs or fluorescent lights, although they can offer satisfactory performance for non-critical applications such as home lighting. White-balancing such lights is therefore more complicated, requiring additional adjustments to reduce for example green-magenta color casts, and even when properly white-balanced, the color reproduction will not be perfect.
Thermal image of an incandescent bulb. 71–347 °F = 22–175 °C.
For a given quantity of light, an incandescent light bulb produces more heat (and thus consumes more power) than a fluorescent lamp. In buildings where air conditioning is used, incandescent lamps' heat output increases load on the air conditioning system. While heat from lights will reduce the need for running a building's heating system, in general a heating system can provide the same amount of heat at a lower cost than incandescent lights.
Halogen incandescent lamps have higher efficacy, which will allow a halogen light to use less power to produce the same amount of light compared to a non-halogen incandescent light. Halogen lights produce a more constant light-output over time, without much dimming.
There are many non-incandescent light sources, such as the fluorescent lamp, high-intensity discharge lamps and LED lamps, which have higher luminous efficiency, and some have been designed to be retrofitted in fixtures for incandescent lights. These devices produce light by luminescence. These lamps produce discrete spectral lines and do not have the broad "tail" of invisible infrared emissions. By careful selection of which electron energy level transitions are used, and fluorescent coatings which modify the spectral distribution, the spectrum emitted can be tuned to mimic the appearance of incandescent sources, or other different color temperatures of white light. Due to the discrete spectral lines rather than a continuous spectrum, the light is not ideal for applications such as photography and cinematography.
The initial cost of an incandescent bulb is small compared to the cost of the energy it uses over its lifetime. Incandescent bulbs have a shorter life than most other lighting, an important factor if replacement is inconvenient or expensive. Some types of lamp, including incandescent and fluorescent, emit less light as they age; this may be an inconvenience, or may reduce effective lifetime due to lamp replacement before total failure. A comparison of incandescent lamp operating cost with other light sources must include illumination requirements, cost of the lamp and labor cost to replace lamps (taking into account effective lamp lifetime), cost of electricity used, effect of lamp operation on heating and air conditioning systems. When used for lighting in houses and commercial buildings, the energy lost to heat can significantly increase the energy required by a building's air conditioning system. During the heating season heat produced by the bulbs is not wasted, although in most cases it is more cost effective to obtain heat from the heating system. Regardless, over the course of a year a more efficient lighting system saves energy in nearly all climates.
Since incandescent light bulbs use more energy than alternatives such as CFLs and LED lamps, many governments have introduced measures to ban their use, by setting minimum efficacy standards higher than can be achieved by incandescent lamps. Measures to ban light bulbs have been implemented in the European Union, the United States, Russia, Brazil, Argentina, Canada and Australia, among others. In Europe, the EC has calculated that the ban contributes 5 to 10 billion euros to the economy and saves 40 TWh of electricity every year, translating in CO2 emission reductions of 15 million tonnes.
In the US, federal law has scheduled the most common incandescent light bulbs to be phased out by 2014, to be replaced with more energy-efficient light bulbs. Traditional incandescent light bulbs were phased out in Australia in November 2009.
Objections to banning the use of incandescent light bulbs include the higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps. Some people have concerns about the health effects of fluorescent lamps. However, even though they contain mercury, the environmental performance of CFLs is much better than that of light bulbs, mostly because they consume much less energy and therefore strongly reduce the environmental impact of power production. LED lamps are even more efficient, and are free of mercury. They are regarded as the best solution in terms of cost effectiveness and robustness.
Some research has been carried out to improve the efficacy of commercial incandescent lamps. In 2007, the consumer lighting division of General Electric announced a "high efficiency incandescent" (HEI) lamp project, which they claimed would ultimately be as much as four times more efficient than current incandescents, although their initial production goal was to be approximately twice as efficient. The HEI program was terminated in 2008 due to slow progress.
US Department of Energy research at Sandia National Laboratories initially indicated the potential for dramatically improved efficiency from a photonic lattice filament. However, later work indicated that initially promising results were in error.
Prompted by legislation in various countries mandating increased bulb efficiency, new "hybrid" incandescent bulbs have been introduced by Philips. The "Halogena Energy Saver" incandescents can produce about 23 lm/W; about 30 percent more efficient than traditional incandescents, by using a reflective capsule to reflect formerly wasted infrared radiation back to the filament from which it can be re-emitted as visible light. This concept was pioneered by Duro-Test in 1980 with a commercial product that produced 29.8 lm/W. More advanced reflectors based on interference filters or photonic crystals can theoretically result in higher efficiency, up to a limit of about 270 lm/W (40% of the maximum efficacy possible). Laboratory proof-of-concept experiments have produced as much as 45 lm/W, approaching the efficacy of compact fluorescent bulbs.
Incandescent light bulbs consist of an air-tight glass enclosure (the envelope, or bulb) with a filament of tungsten wire inside the bulb, through which an electric current is passed. Contact wires and a base with two (or more) conductors provide electrical connections to the filament. Incandescent light bulbs usually contain a stem or glass mount anchored to the bulb's base that allows the electrical contacts to run through the envelope without air or gas leaks. Small wires embedded in the stem in turn support the filament and its lead wires.
An electric current heats the filament to typically 2,000 to 3,300 K (3,140 to 5,480 °F), well below tungsten's melting point of 3,695 K (6,191 °F). Filament temperatures depend on the filament type, shape, size, and amount of current drawn. The heated filament emits light that approximates a continuous spectrum. The useful part of the emitted energy is visible light, but most energy is given off as heat in the near-infrared wavelengths.
Three-way light bulbs have two filaments and three conducting contacts in their bases. The filaments share a common ground, and can be lit separately or together. Common wattages include 30–70–100, 50–100–150, and 100–200–300, with the first two numbers referring to the individual filaments, and the third giving the combined wattage.
Most light bulbs have either clear or coated glass. The coated glass bulbs have a white powdery substance on the inside called kaolin. Kaolin, or kaolinite, is a white, chalky clay in a very fine powder form, that is blown in and electrostatically deposited on the interior of the bulb. It diffuses the light emitted from the filament, producing a more gentle and evenly distributed light. Manufacturers may add pigments to the kaolin to adjust the characteristics of the final light emitted from the bulb. Kaolin diffused bulbs are used extensively in interior lighting because of their comparatively gentle light. Other kinds of colored bulbs are also made, including the various colors used for "party bulbs", Christmas tree lights and other decorative lighting. These are created by coloring the glass with a dopant; which is often a metal like cobalt (blue) or chromium (green). Neodymium-containing glass is sometimes used to provide a more natural-appearing light.
Many arrangements of electrical contacts are used. Large lamps may have a screw base (one or more contacts at the tip, one at the shell) or a bayonet base (one or more contacts on the base, shell used as a contact or used only as a mechanical support). Some tubular lamps have an electrical contact at either end. Miniature lamps may have a wedge base and wire contacts, and some automotive and special purpose lamps have screw terminals for connection to wires. Contacts in the lamp socket allow the electric current to pass through the base to the filament. Power ratings for incandescent light bulbs range from about 0.1 watt to about 10,000 watts.
The glass bulb of a general service lamp can reach temperatures between 200 and 260 °C (392 and 500 °F). Lamps intended for high power operation or used for heating purposes will have envelopes made of hard glass or fused quartz.
Most modern bulbs are filled with an inert gas to reduce evaporation of the filament and prevent its oxidation. The gas is at a pressure of about 70 kPa (0.7 atm).
The role of the gas is to prevent evaporation of the filament, but the fill must be chosen carefully to avoid introducing significant heat losses. For these properties, chemical inertness and high atomic or molecular weight is desirable. The presence of gas molecules knocks the liberated tungsten atoms back to the filament, reducing its evaporation and allowing it to be operated at higher temperature without reducing its life (or, for operating at the same temperature, prolongs the filament life). On the other hand, the presence of the gas leads to heat loss from the filament—and therefore efficiency loss due to reduced incandescence—by heat conduction and heat convection.
Early lamps, and some small modern lamps used only a vacuum to protect the filament from oxygen. The vacuum increases evaporation of the filament but eliminates two modes of heat loss.
Vacuum, used in small lamps. Provides best thermal insulation of the filament but does not protect against its evaporation. Used also in larger lamps where the outer bulb surface temperature has to be limited.
Krypton, which is more advantageous than argon due to its higher atomic weight and lower thermal conductivity (which also allows use of smaller bulbs), but its use is hindered by much higher cost, confining it mostly to smaller-size bulbs.
Krypton mixed with xenon, where xenon improves the gas properties further due to its higher atomic weight. Its use is however limited by its very high cost. The improvements by using xenon are modest in comparison to its cost.
Hydrogen, in special flashing lamps where rapid filament cooling is required; its high thermal conductivity is exploited here.
The gas fill must be free of traces of water. In the presence of the hot filament, water reacts with tungsten forming tungsten trioxide and atomic hydrogen. The oxide deposits on the bulb inner surface and reacts with hydrogen, decomposing to metallic tungsten and water. Water then cycles back to the filament. This greatly accelerates the bulb blackening, in comparison with evaporation-only.
The gas layer close to the filament (called the Langmuir layer) is stagnant, with heat transfer occurring only by conduction. Only at some distance does convection occur to carry heat to the bulb's envelope.
The orientation of the filament influences efficiency. Gas flow parallel to the filament, e.g., a vertically oriented bulb with vertical (or axial) filament, reduces convective losses.
The efficiency of the lamp increases with a larger filament diameter. Thin-filament, low-power bulbs benefit less from a fill gas, so are often only evacuated.
Early lightbulbs with carbon filaments also used carbon monoxide, nitrogen, or mercury vapor. However, carbon filaments operate at lower temperatures than tungsten ones, so the effect of the fill gas was not significant as the heat losses offset any benefits.
Early bulbs were laboriously assembled by hand. After automatic machinery was developed, the cost of bulbs fell. Until 1910, when Libbey's Westlake machine went into production, bulbs were generally produced by a team of three workers (two gatherers and a master gaffer) blowing the bulbs into wooden or cast-iron molds, coated with a paste. Around 150 bulbs per hour were produced by the hand-blowing process in the 1880s at Corning Glass Works.
The Westlake machine, developed by Libbey Glass, was based on an adaptation of the Owens-Libbey bottle-blowing machine. Corning Glass Works soon began developing competing automated bulb-blowing machines, the first of which to be used in production was the E-Machine. Corning continued developing automated bulb-production machines, installing the Ribbon Machine in 1926 in its Wellsboro, Pennsylvania factory. The Ribbon Machine surpassed any previous attempts to automate bulb production and was used to produce incandescent bulbs into the 21st century. The inventor, William Woods, along with his colleague at Corning Glass Works, David E. Gray, had created a machine that by 1939 was turning out 1,000 bulbs per minute.
The Ribbon Machine works by passing a continuous ribbon of glass along a conveyor belt, heated in a furnace, and then blown by precisely aligned air nozzles through holes in the conveyor belt into molds. Thus the glass bulbs or envelopes are created. A typical machine of this sort can produce anywhere from 50,000 to 120,000 bulbs per hour, depending on the size of the bulb. By the 1970s, 15 ribbon machines installed in factories around the world produced the entire supply of incandescent bulbs. The filament and its supports are assembled on a glass stem, which is then fused to the bulb. The air is pumped out of the bulb, and the evacuation tube in the stem press is sealed by a flame. The bulb is then inserted into the lamp base, and the whole assembly tested. The 2016 closing of Osram-Sylvania's Wellsboro, Pennsylvania plant meant that one of the last remaining ribbon machines in the United States was shut down.
The first successful light bulb filaments were made of carbon (from carbonized paper or bamboo). Early carbon filaments had a negative temperature coefficient of resistance—as they got hotter, their electrical resistance decreased. This made the lamp sensitive to fluctuations in the power supply, since a small increase of voltage would cause the filament to heat up, reducing its resistance and causing it to draw even more power and heat even further. In the "flashing" process, carbon filaments were heated by current passing through them while in an evacuated vessel containing hydrocarbon vapor (usually gasoline). The carbon deposited on the filament by this treatment improved the uniformity and strength of filaments as well as their efficiency. A metallized or "graphitized" filament was first heated in a high-temperature oven before flashing and lamp assembly. This transformed the carbon into graphite, which further strengthened and smoothed the filament. This also changed the filament to have a positive temperature coefficient, like a metallic conductor, and helped stabilize the lamp's power consumption, temperature and light output against minor variations in supply voltage.
In 1902, the Siemens company developed a tantalum lamp filament. These lamps were more efficient than even graphitized carbon filaments and could operate at higher temperatures. Since tantalum metal has a lower resistivity than carbon, the tantalum lamp filament was quite long and required multiple internal supports. The metal filament had the property of gradually shortening in use; the filaments were installed with large loops that tightened in use. This made lamps in use for several hundred hours quite fragile. Metal filaments had the property of breaking and re-welding, though this would usually decrease resistance and shorten the life of the filament. General Electric bought the rights to use tantalum filaments and produced them in the US until 1913.
From 1898 to around 1905, osmium was also used as a lamp filament in Europe, and the metal was so expensive that used broken lamps could be returned for partial credit. It could not be made for 110 V or 220 V so several lamps were wired in series for use on standard voltage circuits.
In 1904, the tungsten filament was developed by Croatian inventors Franjo Hanaman and Alexander Just. Tungsten metal was initially not available in a form that allowed it to be drawn into fine wires. Filaments made from sintered tungsten powder were quite fragile. By 1910, a process was developed by William D. Coolidge at General Electric for production of a ductile form of tungsten. The process required pressing tungsten powder into bars, then several steps of sintering, swaging, and then wire drawing. It was found that very pure tungsten formed filaments that sagged in use, and that a very small "doping" treatment with potassium, silicon, and aluminium oxides at the level of a few hundred parts per million greatly improved the life and durability of the tungsten filaments.
To improve the efficiency of the lamp, the filament usually consists of multiple coils of coiled fine wire, also known as a 'coiled coil'. Light bulbs using coiled coil filaments are sometimes referred to as 'double-coil bulbs'. For a 60-watt 120-volt lamp, the uncoiled length of the tungsten filament is usually 22.8 inches (580 mm), and the filament diameter is 0.0018 inches (0.046 mm). The advantage of the coiled coil is that evaporation of the tungsten filament is at the rate of a tungsten cylinder having a diameter equal to that of the coiled coil. The coiled-coil filament evaporates more slowly than a straight filament of the same surface area and light-emitting power. As a result, the filament can then run hotter, which results in a more efficient light source, while reducing the evaporation so that the filament will last longer than a straight filament at the same temperature.
There are several different shapes of filament used in lamps, with differing characteristics. Manufacturers designate the types with codes such as C-6, CC-6, C-2V, CC-2V, C-8, CC-88, C-2F, CC-2F, C-Bar, C-Bar-6, C-8I, C-2R, CC-2R, and Axial.
Filament of a burnt-out 50-watt incandescent lightbulb in an SEM in stereoscopic mode, presented as an anaglyph image.
Filament of a 50-watt incandescent lightbulb in an SEM in stereoscopic mode, presented as an anaglyph image.
Electrical filaments are also used in hot cathodes of fluorescent lamps and vacuum tubes as a source of electrons or in vacuum tubes to heat an electron-emitting electrode.
One of the problems of the standard electric light bulb is filament notching due to evaporation of the filament. Small variations in resistivity along the filament cause "hot spots" to form at points of higher resistivity; a variation of diameter of only 1% will cause a 25% reduction in service life. These hot spots evaporate faster than the rest of the filament, which increases the resistance at that point—this creates a positive feedback that ends in the familiar tiny gap in an otherwise healthy-looking filament. Irving Langmuir found that an inert gas, instead of vacuum, would retard evaporation. General service incandescent light bulbs over about 25 watts in rating are now filled with a mixture of mostly argon and some nitrogen, or sometimes krypton. Lamps operated on direct current develop random stairstep irregularities on the filament surface which may cut lifespan in half compared to AC operation; different alloys of tungsten and rhenium can be used to counteract the effect.
Since a filament breaking in a gas-filled bulb can form an electric arc, which may spread between the terminals and draw very heavy current, intentionally thin lead-in wires or more elaborate protection devices are therefore often used as fuses built into the light bulb. More nitrogen is used in higher-voltage lamps to reduce the possibility of arcing.
While inert gas reduces filament evaporation, it also conducts heat from the filament, thereby cooling the filament and reducing efficiency. At constant pressure and temperature, the thermal conductivity of a gas depends upon the molecular weight of the gas and the cross sectional area of the gas molecules. Higher molecular weight gasses have lower thermal conductivity, because both the molecular weight is higher and also the cross sectional area is higher. Xenon gas improves efficiency because of its high molecular weight, but is also more expensive, so its use is limited to smaller lamps.
During ordinary operation, the tungsten of the filament evaporates; hotter, more-efficient filaments evaporate faster. Because of this, the lifetime of a filament lamp is a trade-off between efficiency and longevity. The trade-off is typically set to provide a lifetime of several hundred to 2,000 hours for lamps used for general illumination. Theatrical, photographic, and projection lamps may have a useful life of only a few hours, trading life expectancy for high output in a compact form. Long-life general service lamps have lower efficiency but are used where the cost of changing the lamp is high compared to the value of energy used.
If a light bulb envelope leaks, the hot tungsten filament reacts with air, yielding an aerosol of brown tungsten nitride, brown tungsten dioxide, violet-blue tungsten pentoxide, and yellow tungsten trioxide that then deposits on the nearby surfaces or the bulb interior.
In a conventional lamp, the evaporated tungsten eventually condenses on the inner surface of the glass envelope, darkening it. For bulbs that contain a vacuum, the darkening is uniform across the entire surface of the envelope. When a filling of inert gas is used, the evaporated tungsten is carried in the thermal convection currents of the gas, depositing preferentially on the uppermost part of the envelope and blackening just that portion of the envelope. An incandescent lamp that gives 93% or less of its initial light output at 75% of its rated life is regarded as unsatisfactory, when tested according to IEC Publication 60064. Light loss is due to filament evaporation and bulb blackening. Study of the problem of bulb blackening led to the discovery of the Edison effect, thermionic emission and invention of the vacuum tube.
A very small amount of water vapor inside a light bulb can significantly affect lamp darkening. Water vapor dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen at the hot filament. The oxygen attacks the tungsten metal, and the resulting tungsten oxide particles travel to cooler parts of the lamp. Hydrogen from water vapor reduces the oxide, reforming water vapor and continuing this water cycle. The equivalent of a drop of water distributed over 500,000 lamps will significantly increase darkening. Small amounts of substances such as zirconium are placed within the lamp as a getter to react with any oxygen that may bake out of the lamp components during operation.
Close-up of a tungsten filament inside a halogen lamp. The two ring-shaped structures left and right are filament supports.
The halogen lamp reduces uneven evaporation of the filament and eliminates darkening of the envelope by filling the lamp with a halogen gas at low pressure, rather than an inert gas. The halogen cycle increases the lifetime of the bulb and prevents its darkening by redepositing tungsten from the inside of the bulb back onto the filament. The halogen lamp can operate its filament at a higher temperature than a standard gas filled lamp of similar power without loss of operating life. Such bulbs are much smaller than normal incandescent bulbs, and are widely used where intense illumination is needed in a limited space. Fiber-optic lamps for optical microscopy is one typical application.
A variation of the incandescent lamp did not use a hot wire filament, but instead used an arc struck on a spherical bead electrode to produce heat. The electrode then became incandescent, with the arc contributing little to the light produced. Such lamps were used for projection or illumination for scientific instruments such as microscopes. These arc lamps ran on relatively low voltages and incorporated tungsten filaments to start ionization within the envelope. They provided the intense concentrated light of an arc lamp but were easier to operate. Developed around 1915, these lamps were displaced by mercury and xenon arc lamps.
Incandescent lamps are nearly pure resistive loads with a power factor of 1. This means the actual power consumed (in watts) and the apparent power (in volt-amperes) are equal. Incandescent light bulbs are usually marketed according to the electrical power consumed. This is measured in watts and depends mainly on the resistance of the filament, which in turn depends mainly on the filament's length, thickness, and material. For two bulbs of the same voltage, type, color, and clarity, the higher-powered bulb gives more light.
The table shows the approximate typical output, in lumens, of standard incandescent light bulbs at various powers. Light output of a 230 V version is usually slightly less than that of a 120 V version. The lower current (higher voltage) filament is thinner and has to be operated at a slightly lower temperature for same life expectancy, and that reduces energy efficiency. The lumen values for "soft white" bulbs will generally be slightly lower than for clear bulbs at the same power.
The actual resistance of the filament is temperature dependent. The cold resistance of tungsten-filament lamps is about 1/15 the hot-filament resistance when the lamp is operating. For example, a 100-watt, 120-volt lamp has a resistance of 144 ohms when lit, but the cold resistance is much lower (about 9.5 ohms).[c] Since incandescent lamps are resistive loads, simple phase-control TRIAC dimmers can be used to control brightness. Electrical contacts may carry a "T" rating symbol indicating that they are designed to control circuits with the high inrush current characteristic of tungsten lamps. For a 100-watt, 120-volt general-service lamp, the current stabilizes in about 0.10 seconds, and the lamp reaches 90% of its full brightness after about 0.13 seconds.
Incandescent light bulbs come in a range of shapes and sizes.
Incandescent light bulbs come in a range of shapes and sizes. The names of the shapes vary somewhat from region to regions. Many of these shapes have a designation consisting of one or more letters followed by one or more numbers, e.g. A55 or PAR38. The letters represent the shape of the bulb. The numbers represent the maximum diameter, either in 1⁄8 of an inch, or in millimeters, depending on the shape and the region. For example, 63 mm reflectors are designated R63, but in the US, they are known as R20 (2.5 in). However, in both regions, a PAR38 reflector is known as PAR38. ANSI C79.1-2002, IS 14897:2000 and JIS C 7710:1988 cover a common terminology for bulb shapes.
Light emitted in (nearly) all directions. Available either clear or frosted.
Lamps greater than 200 watts.
lamps used in chandeliers, etc. Smaller candle-sized bulbs may use a smaller socket.
Reflective coating inside the bulb directs light forward. Flood types (FL) spread light. Spot types (SP) concentrate the light. Reflector (R) bulbs put approximately double the amount of light (foot-candles) on the front central area as General Service (A) of same wattage.
Parabolic aluminized reflector (PAR) bulbs control light more precisely. They produce about four times the concentrated light intensity of general service (A), and are used in recessed and track lighting. Weatherproof casings are available for outdoor spot and flood fixtures.
Available in numerous spot and flood beam spreads. Like all light bulbs, the number represents the diameter of the bulb in 1⁄8 of an inch. Therefore, a PAR 16 is 2 in in diameter, a PAR 20 is 2.5 in in diameter, PAR 30 is 3.75 in and a PAR 38 is 4.75 in in diameter.
Multifaceted reflector bulbs are usually smaller in size and run at a lower voltage, often 12 V.
"HIR" is a GE designation for a lamp with an infrared reflective coating. Since less heat escapes, the filament burns hotter and more efficiently. The Osram designation for a similar coating is "IRC".
Very small lamps may have the filament support wires extended through the base of the lamp, and can be directly soldered to a printed circuit board for connections. Some reflector-type lamps include screw terminals for connection of wires. Most lamps have metal bases that fit in a socket to support the lamp and conduct current to the filament wires. In the late 19th century, manufacturers introduced a multitude of incompatible lamp bases. General Electric introduced standard base sizes for tungsten incandescent lamps under the Mazda trademark in 1909. This standard was soon adopted across the US, and the Mazda name was used by many manufacturers under license through 1945. Today most incandescent lamps for general lighting service use an Edison screw in candelabra, intermediate, or standard or mogul sizes, or double contact bayonet base. Technical standards for lamp bases include ANSI standard C81.67 and IEC standard 60061-1 for common commercial lamp sizes, to ensure interchangeablitity between different manufacturer's products. Bayonet base lamps are frequently used in automotive lamps to resist loosening due to vibration. A bipin base is often used for halogen or reflector lamps.
Lamp bases may be secured to the bulb with a cement, or by mechanical crimping to indentations molded into the glass bulb.
Miniature lamps used for some automotive lamps or decorative lamps have wedge bases that have a partial plastic or even completely glass base. In this case, the wires wrap around to the outside of the bulb, where they press against the contacts in the socket. Miniature Christmas bulbs use a plastic wedge base as well.
Lamps intended for use in optical systems such as film projectors, microscope illuminators, or stage lighting instruments have bases with alignment features so that the filament is positioned accurately within the optical system. A screw-base lamp may have a random orientation of the filament when the lamp is installed in the socket.
Incandescent lamps are very sensitive to changes in the supply voltage. These characteristics are of great practical and economic importance.
This means that a 5% reduction in operating voltage will more than double the life of the bulb, at the expense of reducing its light output by about 16%. This may be a very acceptable trade off for a light bulb that is in a difficult-to-access location (for example, traffic lights or fixtures hung from high ceilings). Long-life bulbs take advantage of this trade-off. Since the value of the electric power they consume is much more than the value of the lamp, general service lamps emphasize efficiency over long operating life. The objective is to minimize the cost of light, not the cost of lamps. Early bulbs had a life of up to 2500 hours, but in 1924 a cartel agreed to limit life to 1000 hours. When this was exposed in 1953, General Electric and other leading American manufacturers were banned from limiting the life.
The relationships above are valid for only a few percent change of voltage around rated conditions, but they do indicate that a lamp operated at much lower than rated voltage could last for hundreds of times longer than at rated conditions, albeit with greatly reduced light output. The "Centennial Light" is a light bulb that is accepted by the Guinness Book of World Records as having been burning almost continuously at a fire station in Livermore, California, since 1901. However, the bulb emits the equivalent light of a four watt bulb. A similar story can be told of a 40-watt bulb in Texas that has been illuminated since 21 September 1908. It once resided in an opera house where notable celebrities stopped to take in its glow, and was moved to an area museum in 1977.
In flood lamps used for photographic lighting, the tradeoff is made in the other direction. Compared to general-service bulbs, for the same power, these bulbs produce far more light, and (more importantly) light at a higher color temperature, at the expense of greatly reduced life (which may be as short as two hours for a type P1 lamp). The upper temperature limit for the filament is the melting point of the metal. Tungsten is the metal with the highest melting point, 3,695 K (6,191 °F). A 50-hour-life projection bulb, for instance, is designed to operate only 50 °C (122 °F) below that melting point. Such a lamp may achieve up to 22 lumens per watt, compared with 17.5 for a 750-hour general service lamp.
Lamps designed for different voltages have different luminous efficacy. For example, a 100-watt, 120-volt lamp will produce about 17.1 lumens per watt. A lamp with the same rated lifetime but designed for 230 V would produce only around 12.8 lumens per watt, and a similar lamp designed for 30 volts (train lighting) would produce as much as 19.8 lumens per watt. Lower voltage lamps have a thicker filament, for the same power rating. They can run hotter for the same lifetime before the filament evaporates.
The wires used to support the filament make it mechanically stronger, but remove heat, creating another tradeoff between efficiency and long life. Many general-service 120-volt lamps use no additional support wires, but lamps designed for "rough service" or "vibration service" may have as many as five. Low-voltage lamps have filaments made of heavier wire and do not require additional support wires.
Very low voltages are inefficient since the lead wires would conduct too much heat away from the filament, so the practical lower limit for incandescent lamps is 1.5 volts. Very long filaments for high voltages are fragile, and lamp bases become more difficult to insulate, so lamps for illumination are not made with rated voltages over 300 volts. Some infrared heating elements are made for higher voltages, but these use tubular bulbs with widely separated terminals.
The Centennial Light is the longest-lasting light bulb in the world.
Various lighting spectra as viewed in a diffraction grating. Upper left: fluorescent lamp, upper right: incandescent bulb, lower left: white LED, lower right: candle flame.
^ Many of the above lamps are illustrated and described in Houston, Edwin J. & Kennely, A. E. (1896). Electric Incandescent Lighting. New York: The W. J. Johnston Company. pp. 18–42 – via Internet Archive.
^ Edison's research team was aware of the large negative temperature coefficient of resistance of possible lamp filament materials and worked extensively during the period 1878–1879 on devising an automatic regulator or ballast to stabilize current. It wasn't until 1879 that it was realized a self-limiting lamp could be built. See Friedel, Robert & Israel, Paul (2010). Edison's Electric Light: The Art of Invention (Revised ed.). The Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 29–31. ISBN 978-0-8018-9482-4. Archived from the original on 6 December 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2018.
^ a b c Instead of a 26 mm E26 screw used for 110 V, European 230 V light bulbs use a 27 mm (E27) screw. Likewise, European candle-flame bulbs use E14 instead of E12. See also Edison screw types.
^ a b Size measured in millimeters. See also A-series light bulb.
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The Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) is a non-departmental public body that the UK government established to provide independent economic forecasts and independent analysis of the public finances. It was formally created in May 2010 following the general election (although it had previously been constituted in shadow form by the Conservative party opposition in December 2009) and was placed on a statutory footing by the Budget Responsibility and National Audit Act 2011. It is one of a growing number of official independent fiscal watchdogs around the world.
Robert Chote, formerly a director at the Institute for Fiscal Studies is the current head.
The UK government created the OBR in 2010 with the purported goal of offering independent and authoritative analysis of the UK's public finances. To that end it produces two 5-year-ahead forecasts for the economy and the public finances each year, alongside the Budget and Spring Statements.
The OBR produces five-year forecasts for the economy and public finances twice a year. The forecasts accompany the Chancellor's Budget Statement and his Spring Statement and they incorporate the impact of any tax and spending measures announced by the Chancellor. Details of the forecasts are set out in the Economic and fiscal outlook (EFO) publications. The annual Forecast evaluation report (FER) published each autumn, examines how the EFO forecasts compare to subsequent outturns. The OBR has published material describing its approach to forecasting the economy and public finances, and the macroeconomic model it uses.
The OBR uses its public finance forecasts to assess the Government's performance against its fiscal targets. The Government has set itself two medium-term fiscal targets: first, a fiscal mandate for the cyclically-adjusted current budget to be below 2 per cent of GDP by 2020-21, and second, a supplementary target to have public sector net debt falling as a share of GDP in 2020-21. In the Economic and fiscal outlook, the OBR assesses whether the Government has a greater than 50 per cent probability of hitting these targets under current policy. Given the uncertainty inherent in all fiscal forecasts, the OBR also tests how robust this judgement is by using historical evidence, sensitivity analysis and alternative scenarios.
The OBR conducts scrutiny and analysis of HM Treasury’s costing of tax and welfare spending measures. During the run-up to the Budget and the Spring Statement, the OBR subjects the Government's draft costings of tax and spending measures to detailed challenge and scrutiny. These are then stated in the EFO and the Treasury's policy costing documents with the OBR stating whether it endorses the costings that the Government finally publishes as reasonable central estimates. The OBR also assigns each certified costing with an uncertainty rating based on data quality, modelling and behavioural response. In March 2014, the OBR has published a briefing paper describing its role in policy costings and how they fit into the forecast process.
The OBR also assesses the long-term sustainability of the public finances. Its annual Fiscal sustainability report sets out long-term projections for different categories of spending, revenue and financial transactions and assesses whether they imply a sustainable path for public sector debt. The Fiscal sustainability report also analyses the health of the public sector's balance sheet using both conventional National Accounts measures and the Whole of Government Accounts as prepared using commercial accounting principles.
In October 2015 the UK Parliament approved a revised Charter for Budget Responsibility that required the OBR to produce a fiscal risks report at least once every two years and the Government to respond to it formally within a year of publication. In July 2017, OBR published a review of risks from the economy and financial system, to tax revenues, public spending and the balance sheet, and included a fiscal stress test.
In addition to these core responsibilities, the Government asked the OBR to forecast the Scottish receipts for four taxes that were devolved to the Scottish Government from April 2015 onwards; the Scottish rate of income tax, stamp duty land tax, landfill tax and the aggregates levy. Following the passing of the Scotland Act 2016, the OBR also forecast Scottish air passenger duty and aspects of Scottish social security that will be devolved. The OBR has published these forecasts since March 2012 alongside UK revenue forecasts. The OBR has a reciprocal statutory duty of cooperation with the Scottish Fiscal Commission in the production of forecasts of devolved Scottish taxes and welfare expenditure. In a Command Paper published with the Wales Bill 2014, the Government requested that the OBR produced forecasts for Welsh devolved taxes. Since December 2014, the OBR has been forecasting the Welsh rate of income tax, stamp-duty land tax, landfill tax and aggregates levy. From April 2019 the OBR is providing the Welsh Government with independent scrutiny of its forecasts.
In March 2014, the Charter for Budget Responsibility was modified to include a new cap on welfare expenditure alongside the Government's fiscal mandate. The March 2014 welfare cap puts a limit on the amount that the government could spend on certain social security benefits in the years 2015-16 to 2018-19. The welfare cap was adjusted in December 2015 and restructured in January 2017. The current cap is set against the OBR's November 2017 forecast for welfare cap spending in 2022-23 with adjustments made by HM Treasury in March and October 2018. The cap is preceded by a "pathway" with a growing margin of error to 3 per cent in the target year. The OBR is charged with formally assessing spending against the welfare cap and margin at the first Budget or fiscal update of each new Parliament and monitoring spending against the pathway and margin at each Budget and fiscal update before the formal assessment of the cap. As part of this function, the OBR is required to produce a forecast for welfare spending in scope of the cap in its Economic and fiscal outlook. The welfare cap means that if spending exceeds a certain limit, then policy action must be taken, or the cap level must change, and Parliamentary approval must be obtained. The OBR is required to assess whether welfare spending above the cap is caused by movements in the forecast or by discretionary policy changes. The OBR is also tasked with producing an annual report on trends in welfare spending.
The OBR was initially chaired by Sir Alan Budd who, along with Geoffrey Dicks and Graham Parker, formed the Budget Responsibility Committee. Budd had been a founding member of the MPC; Dicks was chief economist at Novus Capital and former chief economist of the Royal Bank of Scotland; and Parker headed up the Treasury’s public sector finances team. The remainder of the initial team comprised eight staff seconded from the Treasury. The initial team provided recommendations to the Chancellor on the role of the permanent OBR.
The OBR produced its first forecast for public finances shortly before the June 2010 budget with the second at the June budget incorporating the impact of newly announced measures. Colin Talbot, Chair of Public Policy and Management at Manchester Business School and Treasury adviser on public spending, questioned the credibility of the new organisation. He said that the body could not be set up in time to judge the forecasts in the June 2010 United Kingdom Budget. In his opinion, the OBR would not be sufficiently independent of politicians or the Executive to remove the politics from economic decision-making. The office made adjustments to its forecasts in the week before the June 2010 budget. These were thought to be politically favourable to the coalition government and so cast doubt on its independence.
In July 2010 it was announced that Budd would not continue in the role after his initial 3-month contract expired. The Financial Times reported "His departure was expected and Sir Alan had let it be known privately that he had never intended to serve as chairman of the OBR for anything other than a short period. His contract spanned the emergency Budget, leaving enough time thereafter to advise on the legislation needed to establish the OBR on a permanent basis." Speculation on his successor had included Rachel Lomax, John Gieve, Andrew Dilnot, Robert Chote, Michael Scholar and Ruth Lea.
In September 2010, Chancellor George Osborne announced that Robert Chote had been appointed as the new Chairman of the Budget Responsibility Committee (BRC). The two other members of the BRC were Prof. Sir Stephen Nickell, a former member of the Bank of England Monetary Policy Committee and Graham Parker CBE, who formerly headed up the Treasury's public sector finances team. Oversight Board was also created comprising the three BRC members plus two external members Kate Barker and Lord Terry Burns acting as non-Executive Directors.
Kevin Page, former Parliamentary Budget Officer for Canada, reviewed the OBR in its first External review in April 2014. The Review concludes that the OBR has “laudably achieved the core duties of its mandate” and “has succeeded in reducing perceptions of bias in fiscal and economic forecasting”.
In June 2015, the Chancellor to the Exchequer asked Sir Dave Ramsden, Chief Economic Adviser to HM Treasury at the time, to carry out a review of the OBR. The review, published in September 2015, reflected the findings in the External review led by Kevin Page in summer 2014 and made a number of recommendations that would strengthen its existing work and provide deeper and broader scrutiny of its management of the public finances.
European Fiscal Board of the European Commission argued in its 2018 Annual Report that the OBR has retained “a high degree of public trust in its ability to provide objective assessments of the macroeconomic outlook and public finances”.
Chote, Nickell and Parker were reappointed for their second terms in September 2015, November 2013 and October 2014 respectively.
In January 2017, Prof. Sir Charles Bean, former Deputy Governor for Monetary Policy at the Bank of England, replaced Nickell as the economy expert on the BRC. And in September 2018, former OBR Chief of Staff Andy King replaced Parker as the fiscal expert on the committee.
Sir Christopher Kelly replaced Kate Barker as Non-executive member of the OBR and Oversight Board chair in June 2017. The following year in June 2018, Bronwyn Curtis OBE joined as a Non-executive member and Audit sub-Committee chair, replacing Lord Terry Burns.
The OBR's Oversight Board ensures that effective arrangements are in place to provide assurance on risk management, governance and internal control. It consists of the three members of the BRC plus two non-executive members, Bronwyn Curtis OBE and Sir Christopher Kelly.
The OBR's Advisory Panel of economic and fiscal experts meets regularly to advise the OBR on its work programme and analytical methods. Currently members come from the Bank of England, the Institute for Fiscal Studies, academia, and other bodies.
A Memorandum of Understanding between the OBR and government departments with which it interacts most frequently and closely: HM Treasury, HM Revenue and Customs and the Department for Work and Pensions.
The Budget Responsibility and National Audit Act sets out the overarching duty of the OBR to examine and report on the sustainability of the public finances. It also gives complete discretion to the OBR in the performance of its duties, as long as those duties are performed objectively, transparently and independently and takes into account the sitting government's policies and not alternative policies.
The OBR's work programme of research and additional analysis.
The Charter also specifies material that the OBR have to include in its forecasts and gives the Chancellor the right to determine the length of the forecast horizon – subject to a minimum of five years. The Charter states that the Government remains responsible for policy decisions and costings and the OBR “should not provide normative commentary on the particular merits of Government policies”. It also gives the OBR right of access to all Government information which it may reasonably require for the performance of its duties. Under the Memorandum of Understanding where it is not possible to reach agreement, issues may be escalated to the Chair of the OBR and the Permanent Secretaries as appropriate.
Third, the Treasury Select Committee has a role in determining the membership of the Budget Responsibility Committee. When a new member has to be appointed, the Chancellor of the Exchequer names his preferred candidate following a formal application and interview process run by the civil service. The Treasury Select Committee holds confirmation hearings with the candidate and can veto the Chancellor's choice.
The OBR’s governance and management arrangements are set out in greater detail in a Framework document drawn up by the Treasury and agreed with the OBR. This describes the purposes of the OBR, how it is accountable to Parliament and the Chancellor, its governance and structure, the responsibilities of the accounting officer, the content of the annual report, the audit arrangements, and its managements and budgeting processes.
The Memorandum of Understanding sets out the agreed working relationship between the OBR, HM Revenue and Customs, the Department for Work and Pensions, and HM Treasury. It sets out the arrangements needed for effective working, covering each institution’s key responsibilities, coordination of the forecast process, and the process for information sharing.
Alongside the Scotland Bill 2012, which set out plans to devolve taxes to the Scottish Parliament, the Government produced a Command Paper which asked the OBR to produce forecasts for Scottish income tax, stamp-duty land tax, landfill tax and aggregates levy. Since then the OBR have been publishing Scottish tax forecasts alongside each Economic and fiscal outlook. In April 2015, the Government fully devolved stamp duty and landfill tax to Scotland. Following the passing of the Scotland Act 2016 the OBR now also forecast Scottish air passenger duty and aspects of Scottish social security that will be devolved.
The Scottish Parliament’s Scottish Fiscal Commission Act 2016 established the Scottish Fiscal Commission (SFC) which has a statutory remit to prepare independent forecasts for the Scottish economy, the Scottish Government’s tax revenues and devolved social security spending. In January 2019 the SFC and OBR signed a Memorandum of Understanding to formalise how the two organisations work together.
In a Command Paper published with the Wales Bill 2014, the Government requested that the OBR produce Welsh forecasts alongside each Economic and fiscal outlook. Since December 2014 the OBR have been forecasting the Welsh rate of income tax, stamp-duty land tax, landfill tax and aggregates levy.
From April 2019 the OBR is providing the Welsh Government with independent scrutiny of its forecasts.
The OBR works with the Welsh Government to ensure that it can bring all relevant information to bear in producing their Welsh tax forecasts and have agreed a Memorandum of Understanding.
An agreement is in place to devolve corporation tax to Northern Ireland though the exact timing remains uncertain.
The OBR is a member of the EU Independent Fiscal Institutions Network set up by the EU in September 2015.
It also takes part in the OECD network of Parliamentary Budget Offices and Independent Fiscal Institutions.
^ "Robert Chote to head Office for Budget Responsibility". BBC News. 9 September 2010.
^ "Economic and fiscal outlook". OBR. Retrieved 5 Feb 2019.
^ "Forecast evaluation report". OBR. Retrieved 5 Feb 2019.
^ "The economy forecast". OBR. Retrieved 5 Feb 2019.
^ "Tax by tax, spend by spend". OBR. Retrieved 5 Feb 2019.
^ "OBR macroeconomic model". OBR. Retrieved 5 Feb 2019.
^ a b c d e "Charter for Budget Responsibility, autumn 2016 update" (PDF). HM Treasury.
^ "Policy costings uncertainty ratings database". OBR. Retrieved 5 Feb 2019.
^ "Fiscal risks report - July 2017". OBR. Retrieved 5 Feb 2019.
^ a b "Scotland Act 2016" (PDF). UK Parliament.
^ a b "Scottish tax forecasts". OBR. Retrieved 5 Feb 2019.
^ "The agreement between the Scottish government and the United Kingdom government on the Scottish government's fiscal framework". GOV.uk. Retrieved 6 Feb 2019.
^ "Welfare trends report". OBR. Retrieved 5 Feb 2019.
^ "George Osborne promises spending cuts plan next week". BBC News. 2010-05-17. Retrieved 2010-05-17.
^ "How about Sir Michael Scholar for the OBR?". The Daily Telegraph. London. 7 July 2010.
^ Martin, Iain (6 July 2010). "Ruth Lea in at the OBR PDQ?". The Wall Street Journal.
^ "External review of the Office for Budget Responsibility". OBR. Retrieved 5 Feb 2019.
^ "HM Treasury review of the Office for Budget Responsibility". OBR. Retrieved 5 Feb 2019.
^ "Fiscal Transparency Evaluation for the United Kingdom" (PDF). IMF. Retrieved 5 Feb 2019.
^ "2018 European Fiscal Board Annual Report". European Commission. Retrieved 5 Feb 2019.
^ "Chancellor backs Robert Chote as Chair of Office for Budget Responsibility". GOV.uk. Retrieved 5 Feb 2019.
^ "Re-appointment of Professor Stephen Nickell to the Budget Responsibility Committee". Parliament.uk. Retrieved 5 Feb 2019.
^ "Graham Parker letter of reappointment" (PDF). OBR. Retrieved 5 Feb 2019.
^ "Charlie Bean to join UK fiscal watchdog". Financial Times. Retrieved 5 Feb 2019.
^ a b "Andy King and Bronwyn Curtis OBE appointed to the OBR". GOV.uk. Retrieved 5 Feb 2019.
^ "Sir Christopher Kelly appointed as a non-executive member of the Office for Budget Responsibility". GOV.uk. Retrieved 5 Feb 2019.
^ "Who we are". OBR. Retrieved 5 Feb 2019.
^ "Office for Budget Responsibility and HM Treasury: Framework Document". OBR. Retrieved 6 Feb 2019.
^ "Scottish Fiscal Commission Act 2016" (PDF). GOV.uk. Retrieved 6 Feb 2019.
^ "Memorandum of Understanding between the Scottish Fiscal Commission and the Office for Budget Responsibility". OBR. Retrieved 6 Feb 2019.
^ "Memorandum of Understanding: between the Welsh Government and the Office for Budget Responsibility". OBR. Retrieved 6 Feb 2019.
^ "Corporation Tax (Northern Ireland) Act 2015" (PDF). GOV.uk. Retrieved 6 Feb 2019.
^ "OECD Network of Parliamentary Budget Officials and Independent Fiscal Institutions (PBO-IFIs)". OECD. Retrieved 5 Feb 2019.
This page was last edited on 5 April 2019, at 13:37 (UTC).
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2019-04-22T20:26:35Z
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_for_Budget_Responsibility
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Sports
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Reference
| 0.168953 |
nsw
|
This book was refused publication by the country it was written in and had to be smuggled out and published in another country.
Create your own independently minded puzzle and enter our competition.
This entry was posted in Books to Screen, Classic Literature, Competitions, Fiction by Parra Reader. Bookmark the permalink.
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2019-04-23T06:10:48Z
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https://parrareads.parracity.nsw.gov.au/embrace-the-cold-rebus-puzzle-week-6/
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Sports
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Arts
| 0.897358 |
umd
|
Doctoral Dissertation, Stanford University, June 2005.
This thesis considers the problem of constructing optimal decentralized controllers. The problem is formulated as one of minimizing the closed-loop norm of a feedback system subject to constraints on the controller structure.
The notion of quadratic invariance of a constraint set with respect to a system is defined. It is shown that quadratic invariance is necessary and sufficient for the constraint set to be preserved under feedback. It is further shown that if the constraint set has this property, this allows the constrained minimum-norm problem to be solved via convex programming. These results are developed in a very general framework, and are shown to hold for continuous-time systems, discrete-time systems, or operators on Banach spaces, for stable or unstable plants, and for the minimization of any norm.
The utility of these results is then demonstrated on some specific constraint classes. An explicit test is derived for sparsity constraints on a controller to be quadratically invariant, and thus amenable to convex synthesis. Symmetric synthesis is also shown to be quadratically invariant.
The problem of control over networks with delays is then addressed as another constraint class. Multiple subsystems are considered, each with its own controller, such that the dynamics of each subsystem may affect those of other subsystems with some propagation delays, and the controllers may communicate with each other with some transmission delays. It is shown that if the communication delays are less than the propagation delays, then the associated constraints are quadratically invariant, and thus optimal controllers can be synthesized. We further show that this result still holds in the presence of computational delays.
This thesis unifies the few previous results on specific tractable decentralized control problems, identifies broad and useful classes of new solvable problems, and delineates the largest known class of convex problems in decentralized control.
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2019-04-20T14:53:01Z
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https://user.eng.umd.edu/~mcrotk/publications/thesis_notes.html
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Sports
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Science
| 0.707501 |
elevenwarriors
|
Since Oct. 19, Mentor's defense has been scary good and that's petrifying when you consider the fact that the Cardinals were already pretty damn good beforehand.
In wins over Euclid, Elyria, Strongsville and Canton McKinley — the latter two being OHSAA postseason games — Mentor has allowed a combined 20 points. A big part of that is certainly defensive end Noah Potter, an Ohio State commit in the class of 2019.
While the Buckeyes pummeled Michigan State this past weekend, Potter's favorite game to play in also took shape in the form of conquering a Spartan.
"My favorite game was against Euclid," Potter said. "Our defense dominated a Michigan State commit and I had two sacks and four tackles for a loss. We clinched the GCC."
At 11-1, Mentor's next test comes against Lakewood St. Edward, who is coming off a 56-35 win over that same Euclid program last week.
"Everyone just has to be where they need to be," Potter said. "A lot of the time, teams key on me and other guys need to step up and make plays, and they’ve been doing that. [St. Edward] has a good running back and quarterback, and they run the ball a lot. So if we can get them in third-and-long situations, it’ll help."
After doing his thing Friday, Potter's also been watching his future teammates on Saturdays. He shared his thoughts on Ohio State's win over Sparty and through the rest of the year.
"The defense played really well and the offense ran the ball a lot better. They better move us up in the rankings," Potter said. "If we beat [Michigan] and look good in the Big Ten championship game, they're not going to leave us out [of the playoffs]."
Just last week, the Buckeyes secured the commitment of their first wide receiver in the 2020 recruiting class. Now, they're looking for more #BOOMs. After Jaxon Smith-Njigba committed on Nov. 3, Ohio State is hoping someone like Rakim Jarrett could be next.
Jarrett, a four-star wideout from St. John's College in Washington D.C., announced that he'd be taking a visit to Columbus on Nov. 24 when the Buckeyes host Michigan. If you're somehow still wondering, yes, that visitor list is growing by the minute.
Ohio State On The 24th !
At 6-foot, 182 pounds, Jarrett is ranked as the nation's sixth-best receiver in his class. And, for what it's worth, out of 10 crystal ball projections, all lean towards the Buckeyes.
Speaking of big name wide receivers, Julian Fleming seems to be loving his relationship with Ohio State wide receivers coach Brian Hartline and the rest of the Buckeyes.
It's always a good sign when the nation's top receiver in the 2020 class wears Buckeye gear ... especially during one of his own games. The 6-foot-2, 205-pound wideout flashed two Buckeye gloves while scoring four touchdowns in last week's 69-16 win over Troy.
That's what a lot of people did concerning Fleming's recruitment. Out of Southern Columbia High School (Catawissa, Pa.), assumptions were made that the talented five-star prospect would just automatically pick Penn State. However, Ohio State has trended for Fleming recently. He visited the Buckeyes on Nov. 3, is expected to return on Nov. 24 and — just an observation — has a pinned tweet on his Twitter account of himself in full Buckeye gear.
Currently, the Buckeyes have three safeties in their '19 Dynasty recruiting class but zero bonafide cornerbacks. So could Colquitt County (Ga.) corner Jay Ward be the first?
Ohio State offered Ward this past Friday in an attempt to sway him to Columbus. He also has offers from LSU, Kentucky, Indiana and West Virginia, among others.
Ward is a three-star prospect, listed at 6-foot-1, 175 pounds. He's ranked as Georgia's 92nd-best overall recruit and as the nation's 90th-best cornerback. In 11 games this season, he has four interceptions and 11 pass breakups.
A Zach from Olentangy Orange High School has committed to Ohio State ... no, his last name is not Harrison. Zach Stevenson, a 6-foot-3, 270-pound guard, announced his commitment to the program this past Friday via Twitter.
After committing, Stevenson told 247Sports, "I've been going to summer camps at Ohio State for years. I grew up a Buckeye. I felt like I had my best camp this year [in June]. I took a couple visits to Ohio State, one game and then last week. And now here I am. I'm very excited [to be going to Ohio State]."
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2019-04-25T07:44:36Z
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https://www.elevenwarriors.com/ohio-state-football-recruiting/2018/11/98783/the-hurry-up-noah-potter-discusses-mentors-success-rakim-jarrett-sets-visit-date-and-julian-fleming-shows
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Sports
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Sports
| 0.802979 |
miamiherald
|
Sushi Maki will offer the roll through the rest of the Hurricanes’ season, and Ng hopes that will include the National Championship game in Atlanta on Jan. 8 between the top two teams in the country. The undefeated Hurricanes are ranked No. 2 in the country by the Associated Press and have two games left to play before they can be considered for the title game.
It'll probably pair well with the Turnover Chain beer that J. Wakefield Brewing, in Wynwood, said it is brewing. Wakefield hopes to release Turnover Chain IPA in 16-ounce can four packs before the national title game.
Miami Hurricanes defensive back Trajan Bandy and Jaquan Johnson speak to the media about turnovers after the University of Miami Hurricanes host Notre Dame Fighting Irish at Hard Rock Stadium on Saturday, Nov. 11, 2017.
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2019-04-24T00:50:44Z
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https://www.miamiherald.com/entertainment/restaurants/article185637373.html
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Sports
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Sports
| 0.794214 |
uwm
|
Larger penetration of Distributed Generations (DG) in the power system brings new flexibility and opportunity as well as new challenges due to the generally intermittent nature of DG. When these DG are installed in the medium voltage distribution systems as components of smart grid, further support is required to ensure smooth and controllable operation. To complement the uncontrollable output power of these resources, energy storage devices need to be incorporated to absorb excessive power and provide power shortage in time of need. They also can provide reactive power to dynamically help the voltage profile. Energy Storage Systems (ESS) can be expensive and only a limited number of them can practically be installed in distribution systems. In addition to frequency regulation and energy time shifting, ESS can support voltage and angle stability in power network. This thesis applies a Jacobian matrix-based sensitivity analysis to determine the most appropriate node in a grid to collectively improve the voltage magnitude and angle of all the nodes by active/reactive power injection. IEEE 14-bus distribution system is selected to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method due to its clear and simple configuration. The developed technique is also applied to the IEEE 123-bus system to further evaluate the effectiveness and demonstrate the performance for a more complicated system. As opposed to most previous studies, this method does not require an iterative loop with convergence problem nor a network-related complicated objective function.
Kuo, Yih Der, "Analytical Study Based Optimal Placement of Energy Storage Devices in Distribution Systems to Support Voltage and Angle Stability" (2017). Theses and Dissertations. 1654.
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2019-04-25T08:02:44Z
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https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/1654/
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Sports
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Science
| 0.98267 |
osu
|
Auditions - Working On-Stage: information about getting and preparing for an audition.
Production Calendars: departmental, classroom, production, performance space & additional calenders.
[pdf] - Some links on this page are to .pdf files. If you need these files in a more accessible format, please contact [email protected]. PDF files require the use of Adobe Acrobat Reader software to open them. If you do not have Reader, you may use the following link to Adobe to download it for free at: Adobe Acrobat Reader.
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2019-04-20T14:40:33Z
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https://theatre.osu.edu/productions
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Sports
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Arts
| 0.898596 |
umd
|
Action Learning Projects (ALPs) are a practical and high-impact way to develop your ability to think and lead across an organization by applying what you have learned in the classroom. Yes, they are a kind-of class project, but the difference between the typical class project and these transformative projects is the difference between a glass of skim milk and a milkshake.
Smith EMBA's Action Learning Project was both transformative and life-changing!
Working with a faculty advisor in teams or individually, ALPs create practical learning experiences by integrating knowledge gained from the core curriculum and focusing on real business problems in real-time – outside the risks and demands of your day-to-day job. Action Learning Projects focus on three broad areas where we see executive skills and leadership put to the test in organizations: entrepreneurship, business process consulting and leading change.
Three ALPs take place over the course of the program.
First, you will work on a team that will build a new business from the ground-up. Advised by start-up specialists and venture capitalists, you’ll develop a business plan that provides your team with experience in teamwork, analysis, information processes and presentation skills you’ll use as long as you’re leading a business enterprise. Or imagine you’re a consultant brought in to aid an ailing business.
The second ALP focuses on business problem solving. You may decide to examine the entire organization and choose to reengineer its business practices. You’re tasked with assessing its mission and goals, improving processes, allocating resources and creating products. It’s exactly the kind of challenge you’re very likely to face today in your role – or tomorrow as the CEO of any organization. And with your classmates at Smith, you have the opportunity to undertake these projects and try out new leadership skills in a trusting environment.
The final ALP focuses on leading change. This ALP gives you the opportunity, working with Smith faculty, fellow students and your team at work, to transform some aspect of your organization – to create a change for the better. This may be refining a process or altering the entire business model. But you’ll do it with the support of your classmates and the faculty at Smith, bringing the wisdom and leadership skills you’ve developed, and the power of an EMBA to bear on your organization.
Throughout, feedback from teammates is incorporated into your leadership development plan. Understanding how others view you and your performance is a constant theme throughout the Smith EMBA program, and the ALPs provide excellent opportunities to receive valuable feedback.
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2019-04-20T21:16:40Z
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https://www.rhsmith.umd.edu/programs/executive-mba/academics/action-learning-projects
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Sports
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Business
| 0.985702 |
yahoo
|
At a first glance, Sophia Hadjipanteli looks like your typical model. She’s blonde, beautiful and has great eyebrows.
Look a little closer and you’ll see she has a full on unibrow, replacing Frida Kahlo as the icon for strong-browed women.
Sophia’s unique look has racked up almost 60,000 followers on Instagram. And though many praise her for showing a different view of beauty, there are a few that love to tell the model how unattractive a monobrow really is.
If you’re wondering why Sophia’s eyebrows are so dark, here’s a secret: they’re tinted. The model got so tired of having to fill in her naturally blonde brows that she tinted them, accidentally turning them black.
Fortunately, she was over the moon with the look and now regularly ensures to tint them whenever the blonde starts coming through.
“I am not really doing this to show people that they have to like [my unibrow], I am more so doing it to show people that they can get on with their lives by having a preference,” she told Harper’s Bazaar.
Take a look at Sophia’s bold brows along with some other women who are redefining modern beauty with their body hair.
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2019-04-23T15:53:04Z
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https://uk.style.yahoo.com/model-leading-unibrow-movement-slideshow-wp-100338956/photo-p-photo-instagram-sophiahadjipanteli-p-photo-100338803.html
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Sports
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Reference
| 0.123377 |
newsday
|
Long Island Sound, already choked with nitrogen, may also be becoming more acidic -- a state that could threaten marine life.
Scientists are turning their attention to the phenomenon of ocean acidification -- and its potential impact on the hard clams, oysters and other shellfish that make the Sound their home.
Acidic water could threaten Long Island's shellfish population during the most vulnerable stages of their lives -- when they are beginning to form shells, said Christopher Gobler, a professor at Stony Brook University's School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences who has been studying the issue.
"The very earliest stages of life for all the shellfish commercially important to Long Island are very sensitive to acidification," Gobler said. "We see high levels of mortality and very poor survival when acidification happens."
The Sound has been experiencing summer algal blooms, fed by high levels of nitrogen from wastewater and runoff from fertilizers. Those blooms are thought to feed a chemical process that ends in increased acidification, scientists say.
Water becomes acidic at the nexus of high levels of nitrogen and carbon dioxide, and low levels of oxygen -- such as what has been occurring in the Sound in the summer.
High levels of nitrogen, largely emanating from sewage and septic systems, cause algal blooms to flourish with high summer temperatures, Gobler said.
When the algae die, sinking to the bottom of the Sound, bacteria come in to feed on the decaying mass.
The bacteria breathe, emitting carbon dioxide into the water -- adding to the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere that already is absorbed by the ocean.
The carbon dioxide reacts with seawater to form carbonic acid. That compound, unstable in seawater, then breaks apart, releasing hydrogen ions that seek out and dissolve calcium carbonate -- the very compound that larval shellfish use to build their shells as they grow in the summer months.
While adult shellfish seem to be able to survive acidic waters, it appears shellfish in their earliest, most vulnerable stages of life cannot, according to Gobler's research.
"What it looks like is the adults can handle it," he said. Even the smaller individuals can handle it. But these firstborn new shellfish can't handle it."
Fin fish, too, appear to be sensitive to acidic waters, although it's too early to say for certain, he said.
"That's a new tip of the iceberg," Gobler said.
Research on ocean acidification is relatively new, and there has been no long-term monitoring of pH levels in the Long Island Sound, scientists say.
Gobler said the pH level of the ocean is normally about 8, or slightly basic. During times of acidification, the pH in Long Island Sound can drop to below 7, he said.
Dwight Gledhill, deputy director of the ocean acidification program at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, said his agency has begun focusing on Long Island Sound.
"It's only just now starting to emerge on the radar," Gledhill said. "I think our expectation is that Long Island Sound has been undergoing significant changes."
What those changes will mean for sea life is still a mystery.
The state Department of Environmental Conservation is not "investigating or monitoring" ocean acidification in the Sound and said the phenomenon was not a public-health issue for shellfisheries.
"Although ocean acidification could pose a concern for shellfish in the future with the buildup of carbon dioxide in the oceans, it is not an immediate concern at this time and we are not aware that it has impacted shellfish resources in the Sound," spokeswoman Lori Severino said.
While shellfishing harvests in New York have declined over the decades -- with landings of clams and scallops declining by 99 percent since 1980 -- Gobler said it would be very difficult to say what role ocean acidification has played.
"Our feeling is over the last couple of decades, these numbers have declined and it would be interesting to know if it's associated with this pH question," said Bob Rheault, executive director of the East Coast Shellfish Growers Association. "It certainly would make sense, but it could be a dozen other things."
Dianna Padilla, a professor at Stony Brook's Department of Ecology and Evolution who is also affiliated with the School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, said widespread oyster die-offs because of ocean acidification have been seen in other areas, such as in the Pacific Northwest. But those die-offs haven't occurred in the Sound.
"We still have clams, we still have oysters, we still have snails," she said. "They're still there. The question is, are they being stressed more and more and more? And are we reaching a tipping point?"
The Sound has always experienced fluctuations in pH levels, and the marine life in the area appears to have adapted to those fluctuations, Padilla said.
No one knows whether those fluctuations have increased over time -- and if they have increased, what the effects will be, she said.
"This is one of the really scary things about ocean acidification -- it's continuing to change," Padilla said. "So even if there isn't an immediate, horrible problem now, that doesn't mean we're not on the brink of a problem. And it doesn't mean everything's OK."
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2019-04-24T04:05:46Z
|
https://www.newsday.com/long-island/long-island-sound-becoming-more-acidic-scientists-say-1.9134776
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Sports
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Science
| 0.908188 |
wordpress
|
I wouldn’t exactly have called myself a “bridezilla,” during the time I was planning my wedding, but do have to admit I was a bit of a control freak and had a difficult time letting go of the reins. My then fiance and now husband and I searched for the perfect wedding planner, first in Hawaii (as we planned on marrying there originally) and then in California. To be perfectly honest, we must have met with over a DOZEN planners both here in California and in Hawaii. We found Chara of Open Box Designs through Wedding Wire, did some research and decided to send her an e-mail. When we first met up with her, we knew we found our planner! She was super friendly, easy to get along with and genuinely cared about the vision we had for our wedding. I remember her diligently taking notes as we spoke about the many ideas we had envisioned for our special day. It was because of Chara, we were able to make our dream of having a FABULOUS wedding into a reality.
If my husband and I were ever to get married again, we would hire Chara in a heartbeat. Hiring Chara was probably one of the best decisions we made when we were planning our special day. I can honestly say, that my husband and I are blessed as not only did we have an awesome and memorable wedding, but also gained a wonderful friend in the process.
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2019-04-22T10:52:15Z
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https://charanicole.wordpress.com/testimonial/marc-amy/
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umn
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Wilson Library under construction, fall 1966, http://purl.umn.edu/226299.
Plans for the West Bank library were announced in the March 1964 issue of the University of Minnesota Staff Bulletin with a somewhat hopeful tone, “If all goes well, a new library will be underway on the Minneapolis campus west bank within three or four years.” The Minnesota Legislature had appropriated $4.2 million – about half of what was needed – for the library.
“West Bank Library Bids to Open; City Council Okays Street Closing,” Minnesota Daily, March 2, 1965.
Plans for a library on the West Bank campus had been discussed and debated for years, but financial and other support for a new library finally came together in June 1965. Funding was a combination of federal grants under Title I (funds for construction of undergraduate facilities) and Title II (funds for construction of graduate research facilities) of the 1963 Higher Education Facilities Act and appropriations from the 1963 and 1965 state legislatures. Additional funding needed to complete the entire structure above and below ground was secured in 1967.
Wilson Library under construction, fall 1966, http://purl.umn.edu/226306.
Wilson Library and Anderson Hall under construction, 1967, http://purl.umn.edu/226293.
Wilson Library opened to the campus community on September 23, 1968.
Wilson Library was featured on the cover of the December 1968 issue of Minnesotan, a magazine for University staff and faculty. The issue included articles about library facilities on the Morris and Duluth campuses as well as the recently opened library on the West Bank.
O. Meredith Wilson Library dedication program cover, May 13, 1969.
O. Meredith Wilson Library dedication program contents, May 13, 1969.
What was student reaction to the “new” library? Random Magazine began publication in 1969 as a journal of student literary and artistic expression. A photo essay by Richard Olsenius entitled “Lost in Space: Impressions of Wilson Library” was featured in the January 1970 issue.
As a library school student st the U, I trudged across the bridge many a time on my way to Wilson. The staff were very helpful. Interlibrary loan was great.
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2019-04-23T04:17:24Z
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https://www.continuum.umn.edu/2018/09/wilson-library-a-valued-facility/
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How often have you forgotton a name during a heavy pile up of chasers? Well for me it happens often, most liklely old age setting in I guess! Of course there are always the regular chasers and friends one remembers instantly, however sometimes there are those callsigns you just can’t put a name to. Maybe it’s a new or upgraded call or in the heat of the moment we forget who knows! Some would say “so what, just ask their name during the contact” True, however I find the pile up’s and the rhythm of the Summit activation tend to flow smoothly when you know the persons name. It becomes more personal for the contact too. Obviously I needed a solution to aid my memory, so I just compiled a list of names and callsigns from my activation log sheets. Ok job done, so now I need to record this information for quick recall. I thought of using an electronic device such as an ipad or a tablet maybe the phone. All good but now I would need to carry yet another piece of equipment to the summit and then try to use it whilst operating the radio equipment. Now we are talking about trying to do more than one task simultaniously. Hmmm, my usual operating position balancing the radio on a log or rock, sitting on the ground with a log sheet and clip board trying to write information whilst avoiding march flies and large ants is enough to do! Ahh its time for some old school technology, enter the good old double sided laminated name sheet.
As you can see from the images, the SOTA name sheet is just a word document with some tables inserted. (Note: Not all Australian Chasers/Activators are on this list only the ones I have logged) I find the sheet handy for recalling names instantly and easier than trying to operate an additional electronic device during an activation. I also included the recommended Australian SOTA operating frequencies. The sheet will require updating when new contacts with chasers or activators are made . I often place an astrik in my activator log sheet next to a new contact, then update the SOTA name sheet when I enter the data for the activation, otherwise I write on the SOTA name sheet with a sharpie pen then update the word document, printing and laminating when the need arises. The SOTA name sheet has been developed for Australian call areas however it could be adapted for other countries or call areas. The file is included here in .doc and .docx format should you wish to modify it for you own use.
Whilst I was making a SOTA name sheet, I decided to make a log sheet too. I managed to fit upto 30 contacts on the sheet, yes I know I’m old school but I do find it easier to write things down when trying to activate a summit.
I am interested in any suggested modifications or improvements you may have, please feel free to download the documents and make changes as required.
Sunday morning at Diner Plain and the rain was still bucketing down, nothing to do but cook breakfast (fruit toast) and try to salvage the day. Since it was no longer possible to gain access to the nearby summits, I decided to take a drive towards Omeo about 40Km from Diner Plain. I reluctantly packed the SOTA equipment and set off at 11:00am. About 12 Km from Omeo the weather started to clear, there was light rain however I could see the clouds dissipating, my luck was about to change. A quick check of the GPS showed I was close to VK3/VG045 Mt. Livingstone. I set the GPS to track towards the summit and continued.
Mt. Livingstone road runs off the Great Alpine road B500. It is approximately 8km from OMEO.
I turned onto the gravel road and drove until reaching a locked access gate, 4WD was not required . I parked at a small clearing to the right of the gate.
The road continues from the gate for 500 metres as gravel, then the remaining kilometre is bitumen. Nearing halfway towards the summit there is the first of the navigational beacons, a low frequency NDB. At the summit the road divides around the VOR site. As it happens this is a great location to setup the SOTA station, it’s within the activation zone and far enough from the VOR equipment to prevent interference.
Perfect! A handy post to strap the squiddy with a seat and operating bench.
This site also supports the local UHF CB repeater and mobile phone transmitters. There are plenty of RF noise generators nearby. Fortunately the location for my SOTA shack had very little noise.
After setting up, I heard Peter VK3PF working a pile up, I immediately thought there was an opportunity for a S2S contact, however as it happened Peter was activating a National park not a summit. After contacting Peter, I moved to another frequency and it wasn’t long before I made a S2S contact with Allen VK3HRA/P on VK3/VG-029 Mt. Seldom Seen, followed a little later by Adam VK2YK/P on VK2/HU-024. I managed another 9 contacts before the activity died out. Having now activated four out of a possible ten planned summits for the weekend, I was reasonably happy especially since the weather conditions had been so poor. After packing up I walked back to the vehicle (1.5Km) and drove on to OMEO for some lunch. There is a great Bakery at Omeo, what can I say? Thank goodness for SOTA and all the walking! OMEO would make an ideal base camp for a weekend of SOTA activity. There are many summits within easy reach of the town. One such summit is Sam Hill.
Leaving Omeo the Great Alpine Road (B500) turns to the right, at this point I continued straight ahead along Day Avenue until meeting the Omeo Highway (C543.) Approximately 2km along the Omeo Highway, Connelys Road appears on the left. Unfortunately not realising Connelys Road would take me to the summit, I continued a further 9km until reaching the Bingo-Tice Road.
I took the Bingo-Tice gravel road and followed it for 3.3km where I came to the first of five property gates. This is a gazetted road, asking permission to drive through the properties is not required. Just remember to leave the gates as you found them.
I continued passing through gates at the 3.9, 4.8, 6.4, and 7.6km marks. Finally at 1.2km past the last gate I found the access road to the summit on my left.
View looking towards summit access road.
A fire wood collection sign marks the start of the track to the summit.
Driving along the track for 600m, I came to a Y in the road and a large tree. This is the intersection with Connely’s Road. A left turn and a further 900m travel took me to the summit.
The site is equipped with two fire watch towers and plenty of communications antennas.
The shack at the shack!
Leaving the summit I made my way back to the Omeo Highway.
Intersection at Omeo Highway, turned left towards Anglers Rest.
It takes about an hour and a half to drive from Sam Hill along the Omeo Highway to the summit of the Knocker. The distance is only 54Km however the road consists of curves and hairpin bends most of the way. Once arriving at the hamlet of Glen Wills it is just 3km to the Summit access track.
The track to the summit is an operational logging road, it is narrow with only a few places to pull over and allow trucks to pass. It’s advisable to use a UHF CB on Channel 40 to monitor the movement of logging trucks and call out your position. A 4wd vehicle is not required unless the track is wet.
Fortunately the turn off to the summit is only 4km from the start of the track.
When I arrived, the track had just been graded, it was like driving on a highway! From the link sign it is only 700m to the summit. I drove to the summit unloaded the equipment and then drove back 500m for a walk to the summit.
I set up the shack attaching the antenna to the trig. The weather changed during the activation and became very foggy, however I managed 38 contacts and one Shack Sloth for Mike VK3XL congratulations Mike. Happy I had six summits activated for the weekend I headed back to Dinner Plain for the night.
The Mountain was named The Knocker during the time before the road was built, Apparently horses would pull carts over the mountain and “Knock up” their knees!
Monday morning, the last day of my long weekend. I decided to activate two summits on my way home. Heading back towards Mt. Hotham and along the Great Alpine Road, once again I turned onto the Twins Track.
This time I was intending to make it all the way to Mt. Murray, with a stop along the way to activate VK3/VE-023. The track appeared to be in good condition and fairly dry considering the heavy rain of the previous two days. I wanted to investigate the camping area between the saddle of The Twins and VE-023. Once I passed by The Twins it was only a short drive to the camping area, really just a patch of grass between two summits!
Actually this is a fairly good place to camp, close enough to climb two summits and access Mt. Murray comfortably in one day. Talk about a climb, VE-023 doesn’t look like much of a climb until you start! I could see a walking trail marker in front of the summit and decided to follow the track to the top. I think that was a mistake, it was quite steep and slippery with small rocks everywhere.
To make matters worse, once I set up the shack I found the band conditions were very poor. I could only find 10 chasers that could hear me, some of the reports were down to 5 by 1. I did manage one S2S contact with Paul Vk5PAS/3 on VK3/VS-045 Mt. Dundas. To add insult to injury the return trip was difficult with many slips and trips whilst trying to stay upright. There may be a better way to the summit from further around the road. As I drove past on my way to Mt. Murray, I noticed a ridge heading toward the summit, it might be a longer walk however it would be easier on the legs.
The drive to Mt. Murray takes about 40 minutes from the saddle of The Twins, or an hour from the Great Alpine road. Since there are steep inclines and declines to negotiate, a 4WD vehicle is required in all conditions. The track is narrow with only a few places to pull over and allow oncoming traffic to pass.
Sign near the summit parking/camping area.
The track ends at a car park/camping area some 500m from the summit cairn. Vehicle travel is restricted by a gate.
It’s an easy walk to the summit, with great views all around. What a shame the weather was cloudy on the day.
Looking toward the summit from the road gate.
I set up the equipment and lashed the squiddy to a very loose pole wedged into the cairn.
November 15, 2014 a mass SOTA activation had been organised for the weekend. What a great idea! It took me a micro second to decide I needed to participate. Good, but now I needed a plan of attack. My idea was to gain the best value for the weekend and activate as many summits as possible. I required summits I had not previously activated, that were close together and relatively easy to access. A quick check of SOTA mapping revealed a visit to the Victorian High Country may be in order. By my estimation, provided everything went to plan, I figured it would be feasible to activate 10 summits during a 3 day long weekend. I set about looking for a suitable location for camping and a base for the 3 day operation. I decided somewhere near Mt.Hotham would be a good place to base operations.
A work colleague (4WD enthusiast) mentioned a location where he had camped a few years earlier, it was about 5Km along the Mt.Murray trail and in his words “Its between two hills with a fantastic view” After looking at a map of the area, I found the camp ground and the “two hills” he mentioned, which turned out to be SOTA summits, VK3/VE-017 The Twins and VK3/VE-023. From here there are five nearby summits, Sometimes you can get lucky! Armed with the directions and maps, I planned to set off for Victoria on the Friday after lunch to arrive in plenty of time to set up camp.
The camp ground between two summits.
A few days prior to my departure, the weather forecast predicted a cold front and thunderstorm activity across the state, conditions not favourable for camping. The high country is one place you definitely don’t want to be caught camping during bad weather, it can change from fine and sunny to gale force winds and freezing in an instant! Disappointed my luck finding a suitable camp location was short-lived I decided to try for accommodation plan B.
Since Mt Hotham is a winter ski resort, there is an abundance of available accommodation especially during the Spring and Summer months. I managed to find an excellent well equipped and comfortable two-story apartment in the small hamlet of Dinner Plain. The price was very acceptable at $83 per night. Actually after being spoilt at this location I decided to stay again next year, “blow the camping!” Since camping was now off the agenda, I left my departure until later in the day. I travelled via Albury and stopped to stock up on food and supplies, as I pulled up in the car park of Wollies a 4WD vehicle identical to mine (Isuzu Dmax) parked next to me. I asked the driver (Dale) his opinion of the vehicle, this led to a enthusiastic conversation regarding all manner of things Isuzu 4WD related. During our conversation, Dale noticed my radio antennas and said he was friends with a ham operator but he could not remember his call.. At that point Dale phonned his friend who turned out to be Chris, VK2XHV and of course Chris and I had a phone contact on the 850Mhz band. Chris mentioned whilst he was not into SOTA his work colleague, Bernard VK2IB was very active. http://vk2ib.wordpress.com/ There you go what a small world! I did eventually arrive at Dinner Plain later in the evening and managed a good sleep.
Saturday morning early, I headed off for Mt.Hotham a 14Km easy drive from Dinner Plain. Arriving at site, I left the vehicle at the carpark directly opposite the summit and proceeded to walk 500m across the road and up to the summit.
Carpark with Mt Hotham in the background.
I actvated the summit at 22:35Z ,First contact was Paul VK5PAS/p3 in the Lower Glennell National Park, followed by a S2s contact with Andrew VK1NAM/p2 on VK2/SM-036. Robbie, VK3EK/p called in later with another S2s contact from VK3/VG133. All chaser calls finished at 23:00, since I had a hour to changeover I decided to pack up and head back to the carpark and on to Mt. Loch.
Back at the carpark it was time to head away from Mt.Hotham towards Mt.Loch. Upon arrival at the Mt.Loch carpark you are greeted by an information shelter. There is a day book where you can log the details of your journey. Date of travel, people in party, destination and expected time of return.
The shelter has information regarding the type of trail, the grade of difficulty and the expected travel time. I had an easy 3.5Km, one hour walk to the summit. It would be great if all summits had such information!
Information signs at the trail head and a suggestion box with Mt.Loch in the background. I walked around the snow making water storage area and continued along the track toward the summit.
Along the trail there is a small monument dedicated to Charles Derrick.
Nearing the summit only 900m to go!
Looking toward the summit, still a small amount of snow laying around.
Finally the track to the summit. Or so I thought!
Actually this track has a small sign laying on the ground requesting people not access the summit via this route. I continued along the trail to another signpost which is closer to the summit cairn. A quick stroll up the rocks to reach the summit.
My first contact (01:06z) was Andrew VK1NAM/p2 on summit VK2SM-033.Andrew had just completed his last contact and was moving on to 20metres. So he handed the frequency over to me, or was that threw me to the lions! Hi Hi. By this time of the day the bands were well and truly crawling with summit activations, National Park activations and of course chasers looking for both. I must say everybody was very courteous and patient taking their time to call in and log my activation. Congratulations to all operators. I managed S2S contacts with Robbie VK3EK on VK3/VG133, Phil VK3BHR on VK3/VN016, Peter VK3FALA on VK3/VG114, Ron VK3AFW on VK3VC/031, Ian VK3TCX on VK3/VG114,Bernard VK2IB on VK2/SC025, Peter VK3PF on VK3/VG153 and Tony VK3CAT on VK3/VC005. By the time all chasers and contacts had be exhausted is was 02:33Z. Time to pack up and try for another summit. On the way down I came across a black snake sunning itself on the trail. Once I approached it slithered away into some ground cover.
After an hour I made it back to the carpark, signed out of the logbook and decided I would have time to access another summit. I loaded the equipment into the vehicle and headed toward The Twins trail.
The Twins trail is about 10mins drive from the Mt.Loch car park along the Great Alpine road. The track appears to the left next to the Dargo High Plains road.
There is a sharp switchback near the start of the trail. I followed the trail until reaching the National Parks gate. A 4WD vehicle is required.
The trail is subjuct to seasonal road closures. The road is narrow and two vehicles have trouble passing easily. It’s always a good idea to carry UHF CB and call out on CH40 for oncoming vehicles. Since the trail was open I continued along the ridge until reaching the twins summit in front of me. I drove past the summit to my left until reaching a hairpin turn in the road. I parked here. At this point there is an old 4wd track leading up to the summit. There are many fallen treess across the track and it is quite a climb. I walked along this track until reaching the summit where the wind was in full force.
Once on the summit I decided to head back down the activation zone to seek shelter from the wind. I managed to setup the squid pole on a nearby tree and set about activating at 06:22 Z. My first contact in the log was MAtt VK1MA followed by S2S contacts with Robbie VK3Ek on VK3/VG133, John VK2YW on VK2/SW015, Gerard (CW, he forgot his mic) on VK2/IL001, Andrew VK1NAM on VK2/SM053, Tony VK3CAT on VK3/VN030 and Peter VK3PF on VK3/VG041. A rather quick activation finishing at 06:51Z. The weather had started to change with light rain so after a good days activating it was time to head back down the track to the vehicle and home. Made it back to Dinner Plain just as the rain started bucketing down, wind squals were nasty too. It rained all night, the result, no access to wet trails and no ten summit activation weekend . At least I managed three summits before the rain.
Satellite image for the 15th.
Batteries for portable radio operation are always an interesting subject for discussion. I have been asked many times which batteries I use. My battery of choice for portable operation is the LiPo (Lithium-ion polymer ) battery.
I find the 4 cell 5 Amp variety suits my situation very well. The operating voltage can be up to 16.5 volts with no load when fully charged. However the stated nominal operating voltage is 14.8V Most operators would be concerned these voltages may cause damage to sensitive 13.8v radio equipment. This is correct in some circumstances. I operate a Yaesu Ft-857 for SOTA activations, this is a radio designed for in vehicle operation where voltages may exceed 14.5v. The specifications for the FT-857 state the normal supply voltage is 13.8v +/- 15%. This equates to an operating voltage range of 11.73-15.87V. Even better for the FT-817 being specified at 8-16volts . Ok so I hear you say ” Your 16.5v battery is outside that range!” This is true, however by making use of a full wave bridge rectifier in circuit (I use a MDA3504, 35Amp 400piv variety) the voltage will be lowered by 1.2-1.4v. (remember silicon junction theory 101) There are two advantages, a lower voltage and polarity protection. Ensure you wire the rectifier correctly in circuit, the Battery wires are connected to the “AC” input terminals on the rectifier, Do not be concerned which battery wire connect to what “AC” terminal it makes no difference. However it is critical the Radio positive (RED) wire is connected to the + (positive) terminal of the rectifier and the Radio negative (BLACK) wire is connected to the – (negative) terminal of the rectifier. I recommend using an in line fuse between the rectifier and radio for protection. Once the bridge rectifier is in circuit the no load voltage is 15.1V from a fully charged LiPo battery. There are some heat losses via the rectifier however mine is mounted on a small heatsink and becomes luke warm at 100w output on SSB. I would not recommend a full duty cycle mode such as SSTV or FM for long periods at this output level.
How long does this battery last on the FT-857? That depends on what output power is used. For my SOTA activations I set the output to 30% , (approximately 30w) at this level I have successfully activated 3 summits of about 20 contacts each and still had plenty of power left. There are precautions with LiPo batteries, they can be easily damaged by incorrect charging and balancing. They have also been known to catch fire under certain circumstances. I have not experienced any such issues with the batteries I use, however I follow the documented procedures for this type of battery. It is always a good idea to monitor the individual cell and combined voltage when using the battery. There are many voltage monitoring devices available for purchase, I use a fairly simple unit which emits a loud screech when the cell voltage reaches a pre set level. Mine is set to sound the warning when any cell reaches 3.5Volts.
This setting will ensure the alarm sounds when the battery reaches less than 14 volts. The limit can be set lower, however I prefer to err on the side of caution maintaining the battery condition since replacement cost is not cheap. There are several brands and styles of LiPo battery available, I use the Turnigy brand, they have a very good reputation especially with the Radio Control crowd. I prefer to use the hard case variety, they are a little more robust out in the field. There are lower voltage (12.3v) 3 cell LiPo batteries available for those who want to connect directly to the radio equipment. Hobbyking is a good source for these batteries. I tend to avoid ebay as a source of cheap batteries, usually these batteries are cheap because they are older stock and have not been regularly charged so have degraded over time. Dealers who have a high turnover of stock do not have this problem.
As can be seen here the battery voltage indicated is 16.4v and the display on the radio is 14.9v after the rectifier. Transmitting at full power (100w) reduces the voltage to 13.2v on peaks. The LiPo battery is able to provide bursts of high current when required, in some cases up to 30 times the charge current to 150A. Charging can be easily managed with the many charges available on line. The charger I use allows an input voltage of 13.8volt perfectly suited to charging batteries whilst driving between SOTA summits.
Radio operating at full power with 13.2volts indicated. The battery recovers quickly after transmitting making it ideal for portable operation. In comparison to Sealed lead Acid batteries the LiPo battery is about quarter the weight for the same current, perfect for lugging to the top of summits! As always ensure you read the instructions and follow the precautions for using LiPo batteries with your equipment.
One evening whilst looking for summits in my local region (Snowy Mountains) to activate, I noticed Mt. Tumanang appeared under the VK2/SM group on SOTA mapping. Although Mt. Tumanang is on the outskirts of the Snowy Mountains region and a long way from Tumut, I decided to attempt an activation. Not being familiar with the roads around that area, I decided to call Rod VK2TWR to ask if he knew which roads would allow access to the summit. Rod was very interested, he suggested a co-activation and access would be easy from the Anembo Rd. A few days later Rod and I met in Cooma where we left his vehicle parked safely at McDonalds, with local knowledge and an eager passenger on board we set off for the hills! From Cooma we drove along the Monaro Hwy for 62km to Michelago. At Michelago we took Burra Road over the railway crossing until turning right into Tinderry Road. After following Tinderry Road 26km, we met the intersection with Jerangle Road at Jingera. From Jingera we travelled the Jerangle Road for 5km until reaching Anembo, then turned right off Jerangle Road into Anembo road. Following Anembo road for 6km we met the junction of Bald Peak Road.
The junction of Bald Peak Road and Anembo road.
We stopped at the junction for smoko prior to turning left into Bald Peak road and entering the Tallagandra National Park. Once on Bald peak road we drove for about 700m before reaching another Tallagandra National Park sign and the Tumanang trail on the left. Note: Logging trucks use Bald peak road regularly, caution is required!
The track requires 4wd in places along the way, there are two creek crossings, the first requires a bit of negotiation since there is a steep departure angle. At 9km in we met the Crowbilly Creek.
Crowbilly Creek crossing, a steady flow about 400mm deep on the day.
After crossing Crobilly creek the track started to climb for 4km to the summit. The track winds around the edge of the summit as it climbs passing the summit on the right. We drove past the summit to a point where the track turns toward the right. There is enough room to park at this point. Across the road is the start of a saddle up to the summit about 300m. An easy 20 minute walk.
I placed a few rocks on a tree stump to mark the trail to the summit.
The trig marker at the summit. Both Rod and I had enough chasers calling to allow the minimum 4 contacts each to claim the activation. A good day was had by all and we both agreed to return next year to re-activate the summit.
I set myself a challenge to try and activate all three in one day. Starting with the hardest first and finishing on the easiest.
The Tantangara road starts from the Snowy Mountains Highway 71Km from Cooma and 111KM from Tumut.
The road is unsealed and can be quite potholed, however it has recently been graded.
Starting out early I arrived at the Tantangara Road around 7:00Am on a cool but clear day. I drove along the road passing SM-036 and Blackfellows Hill, under the power lines several times until reaching the Tantangara Trail at 13Km from the Snowy Mountains Highway. I decided to leave the vehicle here since there is enough space to safely park off the road.
The track winds up and across the ridge through a mix of wooded area and ground cover, there is a large cleared area on the way up which is a good place to rest. Nearing the summit a small amount of easy rock climbing/ negotiating was required. I managed to arrive at the summit after a leisurely 1 hour 40 min. stroll!
There are two trig markers at the summit, the original laying on the ground and the replacement made of pipe. View towards Mt. Jagungal in the distance.
A green canister at the summit, it contains visitors log entries. I was happy to make an addition to log right under VK2TWR and VK3PF.
After descending from Mt. Nungar, I walked back to my vehicle and drove along the Tantangara Road back towards the Snowy Mountains Highway. At 6.3Km on the trip meter (6.7Km in from the Snowy Mountains Highway) I met the trail to “Wares Yard Camp Ground” on my right. Following this trail for 500m I arrived at the camp ground and car park.
Wares Yard Camp Ground. I parked near the gate at the start of the trail.
The start of the trail heading up to Black fellows Hill.
I followed the bridle/MTB trail from the gate in a southerly direction towards a saddle after crossing a small creek. At the saddle the trail turns towards the northwest and climbs towards the summit to the north. As I approached the top of the ridge before turning toward the summit I discovered an old wooden trig, it is about 1KM from the summit. I continued towards the summit and set up near the highest point. I looked for a trig but could not find one.
The shack setup at the summit. Tree stumps make very useful squid pole supports. After activating I descended back down the trail to the car park. Even though this summit is a fairly easy walk about an hour, My legs were starting to let me know I had done enough for the day, so now it was time to head for Tantangara Road and SM-036.
A view of Mt.Nungar from near the summit.
Travelling along the Tantangara Road for 1.6Km from the Wares Yard Camp Ground (5.1Km in from the Snowy Mountains Highway) I saw a track to my left at the top of the ridge heading toward SM-036. There is a yellow road safety sign at the track indicating “S” bends approaching.
This track heads toward the North following the power lines after crossing under the power lines there is a 4wd track heading toward the ridge. I drove to a spot near the summit and walked the rest of the way. There are no trig points here and the summit is about 150m from the top of the track. I operated from the top of the track near some rocks and a fallen tree which is inside the activation zone.
View from the summit and the fallen tree.
After activation I headed back down to the vehicle and drove back to Tantangara Road and home to Tumut. The day was great and 30 points certainly made it all worth while. My legs were tired and I was please I had tackled the hardest summit first up especially when I was rewarded with the easy SM-036 at the end of the day.
Having recently activated some tough summits in the Snowy Mountains area, it was time to allow my body to rest and recover. I decided the next summits attempted should be of an easier access variety. Looking into the mapping program it soon became apparent there were quite a few summits in my local region (Tumut) which have vehicle tracks nearby. The Brindabella Mountain area seemed like a good place to start.
To make the most of daylight savings and the good weather I decided to activate 4 summits, any more would be a bonus. I planned to attempt VK2/SW-024, VK2/ST-005 Webb’s ridge, VK2/ST-004 Dingi Dingi Ridge and VK2/ST-003 Devils Peak.
All of these summits appeared to be close to existing fire trails and fairly short walking distance for activation. I contacted Matt VK1MA to ask about access to Webb’s Ridge and that’s when the plans went out the window. Matt informed me the track to Webb’s ridge from the Tumut side; (Gentle Annie Trail) was quite hard going and suggested I try another trail for access. He also told me Devils peak would take quite some time and referred me to VK1NAM’s blog.
Not to be discouraged and aided with some GPS information from Matt, I made a change of plans. A short drive along the Brindabella road from Tumut takes you to the first trail towards VK2/SW024 a summit about to be removed from SOTA since it does not meet the criteria (Advice from Ian VK1DI).
The Top Flats road heads towards the summit, along the track there is an old fire trail which takes off left it is very overgrown and leads to the base of the summit. alternately stay on the Top flats road until you reach a large tree across the road. From either way there is a serious amount of walking and scrub bashing to reach the summit. After activation I returned to the Brindabella road and continued on towards the intersection with Mt. Franklin Road.
From Tumut travelling along the Brindabella Road it takes approximately 1.5 hours to reach the intersection of Mt. Franklin road.
At this intersection turn right and follow the road for 24Km until reaching the access road to Mt.Ginini. The road has several gates along the way which are usually closed during the winter months.
There is a 30Km/h speed limit and the road is unsealed, it becomes narrow in places so proceed with caution as vehicles travelling the opposite direction may be encountered. There is parking available near the access road to the summit or if the gate is open there is parking at the summit. From the lower car park you can also access Mt. Gingera VK1/AC-002 it is a further 7Km walk along the road.
To activate I walked around the back of the transmitting site and set up on two concrete bricks.
There is a lower noise level at the rear of the building and a handy tree to attach the squid pole. I made several contacts just before 00:00 and then activated again after 00:00 UTC for the new day. After the activations I packed up and headed back towards the Brindabella Range.
Back at the Brindabella road intersection I took the Two sticks road towards Mt.Coree.
Two sticks road starts directly across from the Mt.Franklin road. Two tracks appear at the track head take the road to the right of the sign.
The road is unsealed and has many potholes however the drive is easy and it’s not too long before Mt. Coree looms right in front of you.
My first thoughts were “How am I going to get up there?” I did not have to wait too long until reaching the access track. A right turn off the Two Sticks road approximately 8.5 Km in from Brindabella Road.
There is a nice picnic ground at the start of the track, a good place to stop and have smoko prior to heading up to the summit.
The track up to the summit requires a vehicle with good ground clearance and 4WD. There are dangerous cliffs and no safety barriers.
At the summit I attached the squid pole to a nearby structure and set up the shack on the rocks overlooking the cliff.
This summit is a popular location, there were people visiting the site on a Monday! A few curious onlookers enquired about my activities.
The Trig and Fire watch tower at the summit.
From this summit I travelled back down the trail until meeting up with Two Sticks road and turned right towards Dingi Dingi Ridge.
Continuing along the Two Sticks road from Mt.Coree trail for approximately 3KM I saw a track towards Devils Peak on the right and also found the Dingi Dingi fire trail to the left, following the Dingi Dingi fire trail I arrived at the intersection of Baldy Range Road.
Taking the left hand trail I drove a short distance until finding a suitable location to park and access the summit. Dingi Dingi ridge is only a short walk to the summit however it involves a bit of scrub bashing through some wattle regrowth, towards the summit it thins out a little. I found a suitable clearing in the activation zone and set up the shack.
Once the activation was complete I back tracked to the vehicle, it was at this point I decided to drive back to the nearby Baldy Range trail.
From the intersection of Dingi Dingi Ridge trail I drove along the Baldy Range trail for a few kilometres until reaching Baldy Range. There are some spectacular views from this location, a shame it was a foggy day.
The trail to Baldy Range is easy going with a few valleys and rocky outcrops along the way. A standard 4wd will make it easily. Having made it to this summit in a short time I decided to have a quick activation with the intent to try for VK2/ST-005 Webbs Ridge. I quickly set up the shack and antenna just inside the activation zone near the highest spot along the trail, after a few contacts I packed up and headed back along the trail to the Dingi Dingi trail. The Dingi Dingi trail is very steep and rocky in places and there are some sharp bends. I recommend using a vehicle with good ground clearance and low range 4WD to access Webbs Ridge via this track. I made it to Webbs ridge after what seemed to be a long time, however I managed to set up and activate the summit with just enough time to travel back the way I came. (Sorry no photos battery expired! 😦 ) One big day out with 6 summits activated! I will return next year and do it all over again, but next time I will miss SW024 and head for Devils peak instead. I would recommend activating Dingi Dingi ridge and then travel to Webbs Ridge before activating Baldy RAnge. Thanks to Matt VK1MA and VK1DI Ian for their information on these summits. From the Dingi Dingi fire trail it took me 1 hour 45 minutes to drive back home to Tumut.
I had been looking at this summit for some time and finally managed to organise a day to make the assent. A small amount of planning was required since there are two river crossings involved. Not wanting to get too wet I decided (after a suggestion from Rod VK2TWR) to acquire some waders.
I met Rod at the old Kiandra Court house off the Snowy Mountains Highway 90Km NW of Cooma. After some equipment swapping between vehicles we headed North on the Snowy Mountains Hwy towards Tumut for 11Km where we met the Bullocks Hill Fire Trail to the right.
Taking the trail we travelled for 1km until reaching the first road gate, which is locked during winter. (May until long weekend in October) We continued on for another 4.7Km to the intersection of the Tantangra Creek and another locked gate. We had to park the vehicle here since this gate is always locked. Ok so now the first challenge, crossing the icy waters of Tantangra Creek.
Time for the waders, (2nd challenge putting them on!) and making sure our packs are well secured. The creek was knee-deep with a reasonable flow and slippery rocks, even with waders the water was very cold on my legs, lucky it was only a short crossing. Once across the creek we decided to remove our waders, we were not keen on walking the trail wearing them.
Across Tantangra Creek the track turns uphill towards the right and continues 200m to a Y in the road. At this point we took the trail to the left and walked another 1.6Km down to the Murrumbidgee River. There is a river gauging station and flying fox at this point.
We walked along the river bank for 200m until we came to a bend and some shoals , a perfect spot to cross the river directly in front of the ridge heading up to the summit.
Now challenge No.3, putting on wet waders and crossing the Murrumbidgee River. Again we were met with a steady flow and slippery rocks whilst crossing. This time after crossing the river we decided to leave the waders hanging in a small tree since they would not be required until the return trip. I marked the tree as a waypoint on the GPS just to make sure we would find it again.
Rod could not resist taking this photo of me crossing the Mighty Murrumbidgee!
Once across the Murrumbidgee we followed the ridge up and across to the bottom of the summit about 2Km. This summit is an old volcano and the ridge on the side of the rim is where we were heading for.
Looking from the start of the ridge toward Mt Yarrangobilly in the distance. Then looking at the summit through the scrub.
When we arrived at the top of the summit we were disappointed to find there was a further 2Km walk around the rim to make it to the highest point as indicated on the GPS. At the summit we were greeted with a great view of Blackfellows Hill and Mt Nungar . We setup the SOTA station, Rod kicked off at 23:50 and I followed at the new UTC day we contacted 15 chasers each,not too bad for a weekday.
The antenna setup and operating position with the view across to MT Nungar.
This description is part 2 of a three summit one day activation from Tumut. To continue from Tumorrama Hill to Wee Jasper, go back on Lee Archers road for 3.5Km until you meet Fairview road.
At Fairview road turn left and head 800m towards Wee Jasper road.
Turn right at Wee Jaspers road and continue for approximately 17Km to McPhersons Swamp Loop (Swamp Road) road on the right.
Turn right into McPhersons Swamp Loop road and continue for 6.5km till reaching the intersection of Wee Jasper road.
Turn right into Wee Jasper road and continue approximately 1.2Km to Pheasant Creek Rd.
Turn left into this track, follow for approximately 1Km to a T intersection. The track is very muddy in wet weather use of 4wd is required.
Turn right at the T intersection and follow for approximately 1.8Km a track will appear on your left.
Take the track on your left and follow for 600m where there will be a Y junction.
On your right will be a track into a pine Forrest take this track and follow for 1Km.
There will be a sign in front of you (Hume & Hovell track) the summit Mt. Wee Jasper VK2/ ST-017 is a short 700m walk from here. For a more detailed description I suggest reading VK1NAM’s Blog on this summit.
From Wee Jasper go back approximately 1Km to the intersection, turn left and continue to Pheasant Creek road.
Turn right into Pheasant Creek road and continue approximately 2Km to Wee Jasper road.
Turn right into Wee Jasper road and continue approximately 2.2Km to T intersection.
Turn right and continue approximately 9Km to Nottingham Road.
Enter Nottingham road and continue for approximately 18.5Km via the small hamlet Micalong Creek then a few mountain tops (One of them is High Cone VK2/ST-014 not enough time in one day for this one) finally a cattle grid entering the State Forrest and eventually reaching a point under the power lines near the summit.
Nottingham road continues off to the right at this intersection. There is a track to the left of this sign which takes you to a CAA VOR Communications Site.
Walk around the gate and up the ridge for 800m on the sealed road. The no trespassing or (human) interference refers to the site at the summit. It is an Air Services Australia site containing an operational VHF Omni Directional Radio Range There are active antennas on site which would be effected by human interference, the site is fully fenced to keep people out for safety.
(VOR). This is a type of short-range radio navigation system for aircraft, enabling aircraft with a receiving unit to determine their position and stay on course by receiving radio signals transmitted by a network of fixed ground radio beacons. It uses frequencies in the very high frequency (VHF) band from 108 to 117.95 MHz.
Reaching the summit you are greeted by more fencing and signs, I would recommend not transmitting on 6 or 2m from this site. I operated 40M only from the far rear of the site maintaining a suitable RF safe distance. There is a stump near the rear fence to attach the squid pole.
A nice rock operating position is also nearby.
There is also a nearby NDB site on Nottingham road, low frequency low power HF does not effect the VOR.
I hope this information is useful for others.
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2019-04-23T06:22:27Z
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https://vk2qr.wordpress.com/
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It’s been three amazing years. I’ve had the pleasure of interacting with wonderful authors, great tour companies and personal assistants while running the blog. I got to read some amazing books. Some even before they came out; which has always been a secret thrill of mine. I helped give away books, pens, shirts, prize packs, gift cards and all kinds of other things. Three wonderful years. However the time for hard decisions has come.
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2019-04-26T14:19:07Z
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https://mollylollyauthor.wordpress.com/tag/final-blogiversary/
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I studied French at the college level for three years, including a semester abroad in Montpellier, France. I am now in the process of improving skills I have previously gained.
One exercise I have found particularly helpful in my reading comprehension has been the translation of articles from the French media into English. Where I do so herein, I do so under the (admittedly American) principle of “fair use,” for educational purposes – to call out interesting verbs, nouns, usage, etc.
Thank you everyone who has taken the time to read or follow my blog, or otherwise indicate that you like it!
Take everything as a work in progress… this blog is my tool for improving my skills.
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2019-04-21T20:13:04Z
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https://frenchstudyguide.wordpress.com/about/
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| 0.802763 |
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The Post reports more arrests.
After he was able to cut off the VLT money, apparently Gov. Cuomo got the upper hand over NYRA, as this article suggests. Let’s hope the new, new NYRA (we now have the new NYRA, which hasn’t turned out so great) is a real, substantial improvement, and that at least one of the board members is a representative of the fan base, rather than the other already over-represented interests.
This story from the Times Union suggests that the VLTs at Saratoga may have shortchanged a bettor by deducting a greater amount from her accrued credits than the cost of each bet she made. The Lottery, which partners with the racinos in running the games, apparently removed some machines for testing. The racino apparently made good on the player’s complaint by giving her $200 free play.
1. Is it appropriate for the Lottery, a partner with the racinos, also to be the body that regulates them? Government regulation of gambling always presents an implied conflict of interest when government derives revenue from the regulated casinos, but the Lottery-racino relationship seems a lttle more potentially conflicted that that of an independent regulator that is not partnered with the gaming operator.
2. Are the racinos the most appropriate operators of full-fledged casinos? In addition to this latest problem, they have, by omission if nothing else, misrepresented their video poker machines (with the tacit approval of the Lottery), as documented earlier on this blog. The racinos are lobbying hard to be permitted to offer “real” casino games, and one would have to believe they have a leg up on other potential entrants, since they already are operating gambling venues, and therefore will probably face less local opposition than outsiders trying to establish new facilities.
As the TU story notes, this most recent irregularity, viewed in conjunction with the NYRA scandal involving its retaining more from certain horse bettors than the law allowed, raises serious questions about the integrity and management quality of existing gaming operators in New York. It also shows the need for a strong, comprehensive and independent regulatory body if public confidence in gaming in New York is to be maintained or restored. Without that confidence, gambling will not produce the revenues to the government that are needed and expected.
Here’s an item from the Times-Union about the latest NYRA kerfuffle. Seems the powers that be are upset about the promotion of someone who may be implicated in the takeout scandal. Appointing her before the controversy is resolved was a bonehead move, but arguably so was the firing of her predecessor before all the facts were out. Although the promotion may have set in motion the process for divesting NYRA of its franchise, the more interesting and immediate effect is the sequestration of $3,000,000 per month in VLT proceeds from the Aqueduct racino that had been earmarked for NYRA. Maybe if purses go down to pre-VLT levels, the horse breakdown problem will take care of itself. Incidentally, I recently read that a full 1% of VLT gross revenues go to the New York Breeders’ Fund. I have predicted that the high VLT takeouts will eventually cause the public to grow tired of this form of gambling, and I therefore believe that this 1% would better be returned to VLT patrons than given to the already over-subsidized and under-performing breeders of NY bred horses.
For those who frequently travel by air and other forms of public transit, a major inconvenience can be the “second” trips between one’s home and departure airport and one’s arrival airport and ultimate destination. In many areas, the only options are driving and paying exorbitant parking fees at the airport, expensive and often unreliable taxis and renting a car, which may not be appropriate when one’s ultimate destination is a city center with limited or prohibitively expensive parking. All the auto-based options also subject the user to getting stuck in traffic and risking missing a plane that won’t wait or an important meeting at the ultimate destination. Many cities provide an answer to this problem with direct transit links to their major commercial airports. Traveling to cities like Boston, Chicago and Atlanta is a pleasure due to the existence of inexpensive, direct rapid transit service between the airport and downtown. I’ve written about the direct bus service between the airport and downtown in New Orleans (not as good as rail transit, but a viable option for smaller metro areas). I’ve also written about CDTA’s virtual failure to provide such service in our area, though I think there could be a demand for it, especially if routed via Wolf Road and the Bus Plus route to downtown Albany, perhaps extending across the river to the Amtrak station.
In planning an international trip from which J. F. Kennedy airport in New York City is my air departure point, I was reminded of New York’s utter failure in this important area. After alighting from Amtrak in New York’s Penn Station, I would expect the greatest city in the world to offer a direct rail connection from that transit hub to the airport that is that city’s international gateway. Instead, what I get is the option of schlepping to either the Long Island Railroad (quicker but more expensive) or the subway, from which I need to change to another train to get to the airport.
What’s the big deal, you may ask? The web sites I’ve consulted do not indicate whether the change of trains in Jamaica (assuming the Long Island Railroad option, which I plan to use) is across the platform or requires climbing stairs (with the luggage for an international trip), which would preclude all but the physically robust from using it (I assume the subway option does involve stairs, which is why I’m springing for the LIRR). Another change of conveyance also offers the traveler (especially if not proficient in English) another chance to get on the wrong train, and it offers another chance for a missed connection due to bad weather or mechanical breakdown.
Flying to JFK (and having to get from one terminal to another) is cost-prohibitive. Taxis and buses are subject to getting stuck in traffic, a risk I cannot take due to my schedule. For me, the two-train option is the only practical one, though far less desirable than a one-train option would be. I will hope for the best, and upon my return write a post about how it works out.
Obviously, it is difficult if not impossible to overlay new transit lines in a fully-developed environment such as New York, and the visionaries who planned its airports did not consider direct rail links necessary.* Nonetheless, I find in difficult to believe that the greatest city in the world cannot have found a way (with its various transit partners) to provide a direct rail link between JFK (and its other airports) and midtown Manhattan, even it the route it follows is not the shortest. If it really is impossible, how about a system of HOV lanes on the highways linking the airports with midtown so that bus service can operate with less likelihood of traffic delay?
*Update (10/9/12)– my recent re-reading of Caro’s biography of Robert Moses, The Power Broker, reveals that one of Moses’s staff members suggested reserving land in the median of the Van Wyck Expressway, when it was being constructed to serve the airport, for future transit use. Moses, a strong opponent of public transit, vetoed the suggestion.
You are currently browsing the Capitolview blog archives for May, 2012.
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2019-04-22T20:33:43Z
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https://capitolview.wordpress.com/2012/05/
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| 0.197205 |
jewishvirtuallibrary
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JAKOBOVITS, TOBIAS (1887–1944), Prague librarian and scholar. Born of a rabbinical family in Lackenbach (Burgenland) and pupil of the yeshivot of Deutschkreuz, Szombathely, and Bratislava, he came to Prague after World War I as a teacher of religion at secondary schools and the talmud torah. There he attended the German university. He reorganized the community's library, publishing a pamphlet on its history in Czech and German (Entstehungsgeschichte der Bibliothek der israelitischen Kultusgemeinde in Prag, 1927). Devoting himself to research on the history of the Jews in Bohemia, he published the greater number of his articles in the yearbook of the society for the history of Czechoslovakian Jewry (JGGJČ) and in Věstnik, the periodical of the Prague community. During the occupation of Bohemia (1939), he and Joseph Polak headed the scholarly staff of the Jewish museum, which was taken over by the Nazis in 1942 (see *Museums, Jewish). He organized a book exhibition in 1942 and wrote the major part of the museum guide. On Oct. 28, 1944, along with the rest of the museum staff, he was deported to his death in *Auschwitz.
G. Kisch, in: HJ, 11 (1949), 112–4 (bibl.); H. Volávkov, The Story of the Jewish Museum in Prague (1968), passim; O. Muneles, Bibliographical Survey of Jewish Prague (1952), index.
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2019-04-26T16:45:32Z
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https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jakobovits-tobias
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| 0.968946 |
weebly
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I am cleaning up my studio today. And packing everything. Or throwing it away. Or donating it. Everything. As many of you know, I am moving across the country, to Washington state. And just in case such a drastic change is not enough to derail me, I have decided to take a break from painting.
The reason I am doing this is multi-pronged. I have earned the title of "Art Shark" because I have a tendency to paint nonstop. You know, like a shark that perpetually swims... This has generally been an effective and productive strategy for me, because it allows me to work through my problems, both artistically and personally.
But now I am taking some time off. I have some ideas, or more accurately, some inklings of ideas, that have been bubbling up for a while. And I just want to take some time to let them ferment. Perhaps I will come up with a new series or even a whole new style of painting!
And I plan to spend some time writing. I have neglected my writing for months. I have some ideas that I want to pursue. Maybe a collection of poems or a novel. I also have plans for my blog. It is my hope that it will become more of a daily journal and a means of maintaining contact with my friends. It has also become a place to post research and exploration. And I am always interested to hear what others think about my mental adventures.
It is a little difficult for me not to paint everyday. I had planned to stop about a week ago, to give myself time to check some things off my to do list. But I had a few projects started that I wanted to finish. One of them was the painting above, "On the Road Again." It is painted on the pages from one of Willie Nelson's biographies and features a reflection of Waylon Jennings in his shades. It is the result of combining my "Shady Business" series with my text and textural paintings. And it is the absolutely last painting that I will produce in my studio here.
I try to be a good business person and maintain accurate records of my art career. But sometimes I get so excited by an upcoming project that I forget to photograph or document a sale. The best I can estimate I have sold a little over 600 paintings in the last 17 years. (Please take into account that I was a late bloomer and didn't start painting until I was about 40 years old...) And it should not go without saying how much I appreciate my clients! Even though making money has never been my primary motivation for making art, if no one ever bought my art, I would probably become disillusioned and stop making it. And the income has certainly helped, especially since I retired from teaching!
Even though we are moving a great distance, we plan to split our time between the Pacific Northwest and East Texas. After all, we still have family and friends here that we will want to visit. And in this age of electronic communication, I know I will be staying in touch, even if it is from a great geographical distance.
As I open a new chapter in my life, I will close today's blog with this challenge.
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2019-04-18T13:03:13Z
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https://cherylhicks.weebly.com/blog/archives/05-2017
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| 0.633073 |
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There are some people who sit on the sidelines and watch history unravel, and there are some who change its very course in the blink of an eye. We celebrate the latter for they’re the ones who bring change and revolution. They shake the world upside down only to make it right-side up. In light of Black History Month, Canadians and people around the world remember the contributions and achievements that Black individuals have made in order to pave a path for equality and peace today. Indeed, there are numerous notable individuals who make the list; however, we’d like to put the spotlight on Viola Desmond, civil libertarian, entrepreneur, and the first Canadian woman to ever be celebrated on the face of the $10 bill.
Viola Irene Desmond was born and raised by her parents among 10 other siblings in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Shortly after finishing high school, Viola taught for two years at segregated black schools. Eventually, she decided to change her career path to become a beautician. In a world where women, especially black women, were not given many opportunities, Viola challenged the status quo and succeeded. Desmond overcame barriers of race, gender, and economic class, all in order to go after her holy grail of starting her own business and opening a salon.
Most beauty schools in Halifax refused black students, so Desmond took matters into her own hands and went to both Montreal and the United States for her professional training. After completing beauty school, she moved back to Halifax to open her own salon. Having experienced the hardships and adversities of entering the beauty industry as a black woman, Desmond also began to train and mentor other women from across Eastern Canada. Eventually, her business expanded across the province, giving young black women the opportunity for employment and a foothold in entrepreneurship. Desmond’s popularity began to grow as she created a line of hair and cosmetic products, exclusively for black women.
However, things changed in November 1946 when Desmond was on a business trip and her car had broken down in New Glasgow. While waiting to get her car fixed, Desmond decided to watch a movie at the Roseland Theatre. Although Desmond could afford a ticket on the main floor, she was refused service and was told to sit on the balcony, as the theatre had been segregated. Regardless, Desmond sat, quietly and unassumingly, in the whites-only section of the theatre. Not long after, the theatre staff confronted her and asked her to leave her seat for which she refused, claiming that she had purchased a ticket and was willing to pay the difference. As a result, the staff called the officials and Desmond was removed from the theatre by force.
Desmond was arrested for sitting in the wrong section. She was accused of not paying the one-cent tax difference between the balcony and main floor seats. During the trial for her case, Desmond was not informed that she was entitled to a lawyer. Instead, she was immediately put on trial, fined $26, and charged on the account of defrauding the government for refusing to pay the amusement tax, equivalent to one cent.
Knowing that she had done nothing wrong and that the problem was rooted in something much deeper, Desmond decided to fight the charges. She knew that the problem was not so much about tax evasion, as it was about racial discrimination. In reality, it wasn’t the refusal to pay the one-cent tax but rather her opposition to segregation that threatened the officials. The segregation which existed at the time was common, pervasive, and legal in Canada; in essence, it was simply a fact of life. By fighting these charges, Desmond shed light on the bigotry against Blacks in Nova Scotia and made it clear that it violated their fundamental rights.
Although no legal action was taken in regards to the case, Desmond influenced the beginning of a movement toward social equality for all individuals, despite their race or ethnicity. Indeed, this change was gradual and guarded, but it paved the way for civil rights for Black people, and consequently other minorities in Nova Scotia and Canada at large. Individuals were no longer willing to live as second-class citizens in their own country and they began to challenge the current state of affairs.
Eventually, segregation came to an end in Nova Scotia and the rest of Canada. Although we will never know exactly how much Viola Desmond contributed to this, we do know that her efforts did not go unnoticed. Thanks to the courageous actions of Desmond and many other individuals who fought for their fundamental rights and freedoms, we now live in a country that we are proud to call home. Canada has greatly evolved since the 1940s, but who would have known that simple standing up for one’s rights would leave such a deep imprint on the history of Canada.
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2019-04-20T07:00:43Z
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https://clcmontreal.wordpress.com/2018/02/02/connecting-with-canadian-culture-in-spirit-of-viola-desmond/
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The recipes I'm sharing today are dinners that we tremendously enjoyed. Like I said in my last post, lots of great recipes in the last two months' issues of cooking magazines! There are moments where dinnertime is my favorite time of day; you know, having warm food in the belly, (for us) the busiest parts of our days are over, and if the meal is really really good, the children might actually start shoveling food into their faces causing the most content silence to occur. If you know my children, you know that there is never silence in our home. Never. So when a dinner hits home and they're so intent on eating that they're actually quiet, I feel like I've won. I've just won! And I feel like a champion.
This recipe that I wanted to share uses a delicious basil-lemon dressing that is a good one to have on hand because it would be equally fabulous with any salad or vegetable. The night I took this photo, we happened to be out of quinoa so we used short-grain brown rice. The good news is that if I cook my quinoa the same way I cook my short-grain brown rice (in a rice cooker), it's super easy and comes out with just a little crunch to it. We're not fans of mushy quinoa so this suits us just fine!
This next recipe I've actually shared before. Who doesn't love these Swedish meatballs from MarthaStewart.com? We've modified it to eat it over short grain brown rice instead of noodles and I've added a teaspoon of crushed thyme to the sauce that rounds out the flavor in an amazingly subtle way. As I said the first time I shared this recipe, the meatballs are so easy to prepare and baking instead of sauteeing them takes out all of the stress. My children absolutely love this dinner. And plus, how easy are meatballs to freeze? I like to make a double batch of just the meatballs when I make this recipe and freeze half after baking. That way all I need to prepare for a quick dinner the next time is some sauce and rice.
This recipe for Greek Chicken Bread Salad from Cooking Light is phenomenal. I've posted recipes for bread salad before and it always hits the spot. I looove the combination of olives, sharp feta, and fragrant bread that has a moist crumb. This version was even easier because more salad means less chopping.
And last, althought it should be first, is the appetizer. Hot spinach and artichoke dip. Do I have your attention, yet. It's fabulous and I could eat all of it just on my own. Warm, crusty bread to scoop it up with would be ideal but tortilla chips worked out fine for us when the bread ran out!
I intended to make it entirely from scratch, starting with whole artichokes, but I'd have to buy a whole lotta' 'chokes since only the hearts are used for this recipe (and any other dip recipe). Instead I found bags of frozen artichoke hearts from Trader Joe's and saved myself that extra cost and work. Maybe it's not as creamy as the commercial mass-produced version (like Applebee's) but I think it scores higher on flavor. You will definitely become a very valuable asset to your friends and family after you walk into the room with this.
You will be relieved to know, I'm sure, that Operation Recipe Overload has come to an end. And I think you'll enjoy any of these recipes in today's post. Our bellies and tastebuds sure did!
These look excellent. And may Operation Recipe Overload NEVER come to an end!
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2019-04-22T12:25:59Z
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https://thefairyandthepumpkin.typepad.com/the-fairy-the-pumpkin/2013/04/a-kitchen-bewitching-3-warm-dinners-appetizer.html
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st-andrews
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In 1848, the South Australian Library and Mechanics’ Institute came into existence. It was the first stable library in South Australia. In 1856 its books passed to the library of the South Australian Institute, whose holdings continued to grow until 1883, when many of the books were transferred to the fledgling Public Library, forerunner of today’s State Library. Between 1848 and 1883 the two early libraries built up a collection of nearly 20,000 works of which a little over 500 were by French authors, and almost half of those books were in French. This paper follows the growth of the collection of French books and examines the nature of the books that were acquired. In doing so it highlights the place which French culture continued to occupy within the intellectual life of early South Australia and illustrates the gradual change of taste as an elite culture was displaced by the demands of a more popular readership.
Culpin , D J 2009 , ' Perceptions of France : French books in the early libraries of South Australia, 1848-1884 ' French History and Civilization , vol. 2 , pp. 120-136 .
Copyright 2009 by the George Rudé Society. The George Rudé Society permits the electronic distribution for nonprofit educational purposes, provided that full and accurate credit is given to the author, the date of publication, and its location on the George Rudé Society website.
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2019-04-24T05:57:34Z
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https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/handle/10023/3520
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Sports
|
Arts
| 0.560745 |
uchicago
|
CHICAGO – Defensive playmaking cleared the way for the Maroons to run rampant on offense as University of Chicago football rolled to a 56-9 victory over Illinois College on Saturday afternoon at Stagg Field.
The Maroons improved to 1-2 with their first victory of the 2018 campaign, while the Blueboys fell to 0-3. The 56 points were the most by a UChicago squad since the 2010 team scored 61 against Carnegie Mellon University. UChicago scored 55 points twice in the 2017 season against Cornell College and Beloit College.
With first-year quarterback Jeffrey Jackson at the helm, UChicago found its rhythm and amassed 470 total yards. Jackson completed 22 of his 31 passes for 234 yards and four touchdowns. He spread the ball around to 10 receivers, connecting with a different target on each score. A powerful rushing attack produced 236 yards with an average of 6.1 yards per carry. Sophomore running back Vittorio Tricase led the charge with 92 yards on 15 attempts, while first-year Nicholas D'Ambrose ran for three touchdowns and senior Henry Imburgia raced away for a 69-yard score on the longest play of the day.
Not to be outdone, the Maroon defense consistently impressed. Sophomore nose tackle Jackson Ross hauled in a spectacular interception after batting the ball at the line and later recovered a fumble he forced. Junior cornerback Roberto Rabines snagged another pick for the third turnover of the game. Ross led the team with 10 tackles, while linebacker Zach Atiyeh contributed nine. Junior defensive end Ben Christensen racked up 1.5 sacks as well.
UChicago started slow as an interception on its first possession gave Illinois College an early scoring chance, but the Maroon defense held the Blueboys to a 30-yard field goal.
The home team fought back with a five-play, 66-yard touchdown drive. Jackson got the ball moving with a scramble before completing two short passes. Tricase moved the chains again on the ground, then Jackson hit junior wideout Dante Nepa for a 28-yard touchdown to put UChicago out in front.
The teams traded punts for the remainder of the first quarter but a 20-yard return from senior safety Jeremy Vincent as the second got underway primed the Maroons for another score, with the offense taking over at the opposition 32. It was not long before a perfectly-placed ball from Jackson split two defenders and found first-year receiver Jacob Jackson in the corner of the end zone for a 15-yard touchdown.
The UChicago offense would return to the field in even better position after the defense pounced on its first turnover of the day. Facing third-and-5 at its own 20, Illinois College tried to complete a pass over the middle but Ross swatted it into the air, spun around, caught his own deflection, and rumbled down to the five-yard line. D'Ambrose made good on his teammate's highlight-reel effort, pounding through the middle to stretch the lead to 21-3.
The Blueboys shook off the sudden deficit and twice threatened to score as the first half drew to a close. Both times, however, the Maroon defense was more than equal to the task. Starting near midfield, the visitors marched to the UChicago nine-yard line before Ross stuffed a third-down rushing attempt and came out with the football. After the next UChicago drive stalled, Illinois College again began in good field position and progressed all the way to the UChicago three-yard-line with the help of a long completion and two penalties for pass interference. After forcing two incompletions, the Maroons stopped a rush for a loss to set up a fourth-and-goal with eight seconds remaining. Vincent broke up a pass into the end zone and UChicago took its lead unscathed into the break.
The Maroons received the ball to begin the second half and Tricase unleashed a trio of scurrying carries, the last good for 37 yards. Jackson then lobbed a jump ball for senior wide receiver Trevor Anderson, who made an astonishing catch at the back of the end zone while keeping his heels in bounds.
All the momentum now favored the hosts, who forced a three-and-out then drove right back down the field for another touchdown as D'Ambrose rushed in for his second score of the day. Another three-and-out set the stage for another UChicago touchdown drive. Jackson completed passes of 16 and 14 yards before connecting with first-year wideout Elliott Grays in stride over the middle for a 25-yard score.
D'Ambrose completed his hat trick from 15 yards out early in the fourth quarter, turning the corner and diving for the pylon.
Despite its struggles with the relentless Maroon defense, Illinois College managed to build a drive in the late game. A roughing the passer penalty negated an apparent interception and a few plays later the Blueboys capped off a 13-play, 82-yard drive with a touchdown pass.
UChicago, however, insisted on having the final say. After the ensuing kickoff and a six-yard rush on first down, Imburgia broke loose along the right sideline and sprinted 69 yards to put an exclamation point on the win.
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2019-04-25T22:39:18Z
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https://athletics.uchicago.edu/sports/fball/2018-19/releases/20180922u9w1g3
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Sports
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Sports
| 0.813481 |
asu
|
Nadya Bliss has been hearing these phrases since she was a 5-year-old trying out for ballet in the former Soviet Union. These same phrases are used to describe many of the current seemingly unsolvable “wicked” problems, ranging from information security to the spread of infectious disease.
As the director of Arizona State University’s Global Security Initiative and professor of practice at ASU’s Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Bliss is not deterred by personal discouragement, or the claim that complex problems are impossible to solve. Instead, she embraces complexity and integrates expertise from a broad range of fields and disciplines.
Here, she speaks on solving the unsolvable problem, and how that's not as much of a contradiction as it might appear.
Bliss’ talk is part of the ASU KEDtalks series. Short for Knowledge Enterprise Development talks, KEDtalks aim to spark ideas, indulge curiosity, and inspire action by highlighting ASU scientists, humanists, social scientists and artists who are driven to find solutions to the universe’s grandest challenges. Tune in monthly to research.asu.edu/kedtalks to discover why space is the next economic frontier, how the next educational revolution will come about, and more.
ASU students' fitness app takes top prize at appathon.
Three ASU students who didn’t know each other before this past weekend are now bonded for life, thanks to their innovation and participation in the Great Mobile Appathon.
Their winning app, called ASUFit, taps into a unique market — on-campus fitness — and efficiently pairs students with gym buddies.
Arizona State University was one of five schools to host the Modo Labs event, Oct. 15–16, which encouraged students from a non-technical background to learn how to develop apps in a competition for scholarship money. Other host schools included Harvard University and Notre Dame.
Sixteen students formed teams and participated in the event, held at the Memorial Union on the Tempe campus and sponsored by ASU’s University Technology Office. Each team chose a theme or idea that was geared toward campus life and efficiency.
Lindsey Moen had no prior app development experience before participating in the event.
“It seemed like an interesting opportunity and neat way to apply for a scholarship, so I signed up,” Moen said.
She then decided to use her interest in basketball and an issue she often faces — finding people to play with — to create the idea behind ASUFit.
With the ASUFit app, users can select preferences to help match them with a gym buddy.
ASUFit was designed to allow students to set their gym preferences — from activities they enjoy, to what they would like to work on and whom they would like to work out with. It then pairs students from a database, and students are able to set times to meet up at the gym.
Moen’s teammates agreed that it would be a useful app on ASU’s campus.
“I’ve seen that ASU has a big fitness culture, but it can be a hard for a newcomer to jump into going to the gym; this app can help with that,” said Vincent Truong, a computer science sophomore.
Samantha Muro, a community health major, was surprised by how much she enjoyed the competition.
The three students won $3,000 as their first-place prize and now will compete against other first-place apps from the other host universities across the country. They all intend to continue competing next year.
The team is excited to see how they will rank nationally, and to see their app through completion and come to life here at ASU — plans are in motion to move it toward production.
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2019-04-20T06:36:54Z
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https://asunow.asu.edu/20161018-solutions-asu-kedtalk-nadya-bliss-solving-unsolvable-problem?utm_campaign=SFMC_Now+10-19-16_ASU%20Now&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Now%20daily
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Sports
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Recreation
| 0.580301 |
upenn
|
Many older adults develop fear of falling (FOF), defined as the level of concern about falling, creating a psychological barrier to performing activities. The negative impact of FOF increases risk of curtailment of activities, future falls, and injury. Bronfenbrenner's Social Ecology Model framed the investigation. The specific aims and hypotheses for this study of high-risk, urban, community-dwelling older adults from one Program for All-Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) program were to: 1) Describe the relationship between FOF and falls self-efficacy; 2) Examine the variables (participant characteristics, the neighborhood built environment, and self-rated health) and their corresponding explained variance associated with FOF and falls self-efficacy, separately; and 3) Examine the role of falls self-efficacy as a moderator between the set of variables (participant characteristics, the neighborhood built environment, and self-rated health) and participation in physical and social activities. The study included a convenience sample of 107 mostly Black (94%) members from one PACE program. In aim 1, the FOF Likert scale and Falls Self Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) were significantly correlated with Pearson and Spearman correlations of 0.62 (p<0.0001). One-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis were highly significant (F-value=22.25, R-squared=0.39, p<0.0001). Aim 2 findings included 10 significant items (age, falls, injury, gender, race, anxiety, mobility, traffic, safety, and crime environment items) associated with FES-I as dependent variable (F-value=9.21, R-squared=0.49, p<0.0001) compared to four (age, traffic, safety, and crime) with FOF scale as dependent variable (F-value=5.76, R-squared=0.18, p=0.0003) in the final models. In aim 3, there was a significant, negative Pearson correlation of -0.43 (p<0.001) and Spearman correlation of -0.42 (p<0.001) between concern about falling measured by the FES-I and participation in activities measured by the Functional Performance Inventory-Short Form (F-value=23.40, R-squared=0.18, p<0.0001). The greater the difficulty in participation in activities, the higher the concern about falling during activities measured by the FES-I. A weak interaction effect was seen with falls self-efficacy interacting with two traffic-related items measured by the Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Scale (PANES) and participation in physical and social activities. Future FOF research should focus on mobility and concepts of safety, traffic, and crime perceived by high-risk, urban, community-dwelling older adults.
Greenberg, Sherry A., "Fear of Falling Among High-Risk, Urban, Community-Dwelling Older Adults" (2014). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 1295.
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2019-04-26T14:23:57Z
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https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1295/
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Sports
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Health
| 0.6305 |
wordpress
|
You can find live video feeds on many TV news Web site these days, but only one site that we know of offers more than 50 live feeds from sources all over the country. LiveNewsCameras.com was launched the day of the Super Tuesday primaries by Fox News Chicago. Most of the feeds are from Fox stations, but the site also offers raw video from ABC, CBS and NBC affiliates, as well as C-SPAN and NASA.
A lot of the content comes from tower cameras and weather radar–not exactly riveting. But on any given day, your choices might include a campaign rally, a sentencing hearing or a news conference of local interest. And there’s always a chance you’ll catch breaking news. As I watched a short time ago, the live moderator in the Fox Chicago newsroom announced that one Los Angeles feed had switched to video of an “apparent” emergency landing at LAX airport.
What’s most interesting about this experiment is its potential. While it’s still in Beta form and a little buggy (my Firefox browser crashed multiple times as I tried to navigate between feeds), the possibilities are intriguing. What if every news crew in the field could stream live video of whatever they’re covering to one central site that could organize it, promote it and share it? Now imagine every citizen armed with a camera doing the same thing. Mind-boggling, isn’t it? Stay tuned.
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2019-04-24T18:05:27Z
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https://advancingthestory.wordpress.com/2008/02/26/live-from-everywhere/
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Sports
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News
| 0.988777 |
house
|
Our state’s Veterans are known all over the world for their amazing patriotism and capabilities in keeping our country safe from adversaries domestic and abroad. They and their families willingly sacrifice their time, health, and in some cases, their lives. Whether you have difficulties getting the veteran benefits, retrieving service records and medals, or issues arising during your time in service, my staff is here to help get the attention you need. It is an honor to serve those who were willing to give all for this great country.
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2019-04-22T05:06:03Z
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https://curtis.house.gov/issue/veterans/
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Sports
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Business
| 0.500799 |
wordpress
|
You will often find in my blogs, if you have not already noticed, that i tend to link different sources together in order to get to the point of my topic. This blog is a prime example of such.
If there is one fact that remains true about me it is that i undoubtedly have an extreme interest in personality types. Not so much in the A/B sense, but more on what makes a person who they are, and what medium they use to express their true selves.
I have always been a fan of Alec Baldwin. He is to me the quintessential man of men. A Krull the Warrior King if you will. We all know that he has definitly generated for himself a wee-bit of controversy throughout the years. Living in New York he was very hands on in the theatre world and I knew quite a few people that worked with him on different projects. 90% of them said that he was an “egotistical raging lunatic with no regard for others”. However, that other 10% did not scoff at the issue of temper, but thought of him to be a kind and gentle man who is so passionate about his work and does, often times, let it effect his state of being in that moment.
This clip is from an interview done with the cast of the upcoming Nancy Meyers film which happens to be currently untitled. I absolutely LOVE Nancy’s work… CAN”T GET ENOUGH of it. She has written and directed such films as Father of the Bride, The Parent Trap, What Women Want, and my personal favorite.
The “Untitled Nancy Meyers Project” stars Alec Baldwin, Steve Martin and Meryl Streep. (As a side note I will try to keep my relentless obsession with her down to the bare minimum in my blogs otherwise we might need to change the title).The film depicts Meryl as a Baker, looking for love, then finds herself having to decide between the two men. This clip is from their first interview done by Entertainment Tonight.
This is a prime example of the Alec Baldwin that “I” love.
As you will find with most great actors they have a great sense of comedy. They are trained to be able the work a room, or even an arena. What I find fascinating about this, is what happens when the doors close.
Judge all you want but keep it to yourself.
I like to look at each situation intelligently before i fly of with a concrete opinion about it. I am not by any means excusing Alec’s message to his daughter or condoning it. With this situation I thought about his reputation and his previous mishaps. I also thought about his Ex wife Kim Basinger, (whom I also adore), her battle with aggro-phobia, and the very public and nasty custody battle that BOTH of them participated in.
~ by randiann on May 18, 2009.
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2019-04-19T08:48:47Z
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https://randiann.wordpress.com/2009/05/18/alec-baldwin-do-you-judge/
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Sports
|
Reference
| 0.517774 |
unl
|
Published in Published in Agron. J. 94:723–733 (2002). Copyright 2002. Used by permission.
Daily incident solar radiation is an important input for numerous crop growth simulation models. However, lack of recorded solar radiation is a significant impediment for most crop–climate studies. The present study aimed to overcome the problem of sparse historical data of solar radiation over the northern Great Plains. The approach was to develop a physically based solar radiation model wherein estimates were possible with minimum input data. In addition, this study investigates impacts of time of observation bias on the model formulation. The proposed model (M-H) requires measured daily range of air temperature (maximum minus minimum) and estimated daily clear-sky solar radiation. Daily weather data (including solar radiation measurements) for nine stations with observations from 1990 through 1998 were used for formulation of the final model. To determine potential bias associated with the reporting time, three times—0800, 1600, and 2400 h—were tested. Based on superior performance, the solar radiation model formulated with 2400-h reporting time data from Akron, CO, was selected for the whole region. The model underestimated high values. Local-scale advection and frontal passage were apparently responsible for this bias. This proposed model was also compared with two forms of the Bristow–Campbell (B-C) model. Both of these forms show significant improvement for 2400-h observation time. One particular form of the B-C model performs slightly better than the model proposed here. However, it also underestimates high values like the M-H model and shows slight regional bias. This study finds that, overall, the M-H model is more stable than the B-C model.
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2019-04-23T20:40:57Z
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https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natrespapers/39/
|
Sports
|
Science
| 0.994798 |
deseretnews
|
There’s been a lot of talk lately about Chris Wingert’s seemingly falling stock with him only starting one of the past three matches. Real Salt Lake coach Jason Kreis was asked point blank Friday if the defender is in his doghouse for some reason.
“No chance. I think it’s a combination of a little bit extra fatigue with Chris because he’s been going for a long time, and just a little bit he’s not in his best shape right now. But I also believe it can happen at any minute, I think the switch is going to go off in his head and hopefully that’s this weekend,” said Kreis.
With Robbie Russell suspended for this Saturday’s match because of a red card, Wingert figures to get starting nod against the Galaxy.
One player who definitely won’t be playing is Robbie Findley. RSL’s leading scorer won’t be traveling with the team to California today as he’s still nursing an ankle injury he picked up in the second half against Colorado last Saturday.
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2019-04-19T11:02:05Z
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http://realsaltlake.blogs.deseretnews.com/2009/06/12/wingert-in-findley-out/
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Sports
|
Sports
| 0.545031 |
ncsu
|
Working in the nonprofit world can be a mixed blessing, the Los Angeles Times reported Aug. 5.
Wages can be low, offices shabby, supplies inadequate, fundraising constant, rejections of requests for support frequent and daily job demands unpredictable, the Times said.
Nonprofit workers also can expect burnout, slow decision-making, high turnover among employees and erratic performance by volunteers.
To help offset low pay, the Times said, a growing number of nonprofits are giving bonuses to veteran employees and letting senior staff do higher-paying consulting a few days a month.
Demand is high among nonprofits for corporate veterans trained in fundraising, financial planning, information technology and marketing and publicity.
Despite the frustrations, however, many nonprofit employees wouldn’t miss the work because it can provide fulfillment, contentment and gratification, the Times said.
For full story, go to the Los Angeles Times.
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2019-04-23T11:52:37Z
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https://pj.news.chass.ncsu.edu/2001/08/13/53795/
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Sports
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Business
| 0.609388 |
indiana
|
Here in the Indiana University Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences we have had a long history in the application of what are often referred to as “conventional” stable isotopes (light elements such as S, C, O, H, and N) to studies of a range of low- to high-temperature geological processes.
Technological developments over the past twenty years have now made it possible to make precise isotopic ratio measurements of many elements, even those once thought to be too “heavy” for significant isotopic fractionation or as a result of predominantly ionic bonding not likely to fractionate isotopes.
Instruments like Multi-Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometers have now made it possible to determine isotope ratios for elements such as Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, S, Mg, Ca, Mo, Cr, Sn, W, V, Ti, Se, Pt, and Hg, to name just a few. Many of the elements are redox sensitive and variations in their isotopic ratios have led to increased understanding of mechanisms that control both low- and high-temperature fractionation.
We are still learning how variations in isotopic ratios function as tracers of a host of important geochemical processes.
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2019-04-18T21:03:02Z
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https://metals.earth.indiana.edu/index.html
|
Sports
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Science
| 0.994337 |
dallasnews
|
The Vineyard Apartment Homes was planned with excellence in mind. Beautiful landscaping and attractive amenities blend to create the ideal living environment. We are located approximately 15 minutes from the new Cowboys Stadium and the Texas Rangers Stadium. Enjoy fine dining and shopping at the Arlington Highlands that's only about 10 minutes away!
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2019-04-25T20:07:16Z
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http://realestate.dallasnews.com/property/tx/arlington/76010/-/2007-springcrest-drive/544ffe80a78e92078d002e67/
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Sports
|
Sports
| 0.558299 |
uwaterloo
|
Helping you in-person or online with a variety of computing tasks and problems.
Helping you process exams and survey results.
Your gateway to receiving IST support.
Obtain digital scans of physical documents.
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2019-04-20T00:30:05Z
|
https://uwaterloo.ca/information-systems-technology/services/category/405
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Sports
|
Computers
| 0.995745 |
usgtf
|
Would you like to attract and retain new students online? Get rid of scheduling and administrative headaches? Put more money in your pocket? Spend more time doing what you love? If you answered “yes” to any of these questions, The Ultimate Guide To Golf Instructor Marketing may be just what you need. Presented by Dotbound, this free e-book outlines what it takes to take your teaching business to the next level. To download the book, please click here. You merely need to include your name and email address, and there is no further obligation.
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2019-04-25T14:44:51Z
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http://newsletter.usgtf.com/june-2017/free-e-book-available-usgtf-members/
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Sports
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Business
| 0.591962 |
chron
|
Robert Jucker, the fifth generation owner of Three Brothers Bakery, has been named one of the 25 best bakers and pastry chefs in the country by Bake Magazine.
Bobby Jucker, from Three Brothers Bakery.
Three Brothers Bakery owner Bobby Jucker.
Three Brothers Bakery owners Bobby Jucker left, his wife Janice Jucker right, and Bobby's father Sigmund Jucker, one of the founding three brothers pose for a portrait Wednesday, Feb. 26, 2014, in Houston.
Bobby Jucker works with the challah dough at Three Brothers Bakery.
Bobby Jucker folds a Chocolate hamentashen, triangular pastries traditionally made for the Jewish holiday of Purim, at Three Brothers Bakery.
Sigmund Jucker and his son Bobby Jucker of Three brothers bakery.
Fifth-generation baker Bobby Jucker cuts out the dough for Sufganyot at the Three Brothers Bakery on S. Braeswood.
Bobby Jucker pulls a batch of hamentashen, triangular pastries traditionally made for the Jewish holiday of Purim, out of the oven at Three Brothers Bakery.
Bobby Jucker (left) talks with customer Sara Silber as she orders hamentashen, triangular pastries traditionally made for the Jewish holiday of Purim, at Three Brothers Bakery.
Bobby Jucker (left) helps customer Robert Bleckman as he orders hamentashen, triangular pastries traditionally made for the Jewish holiday of Purim, at Three Brothers Bakery.
Bobby Jucker puts a fresh batch of hamentashen, triangular pastries traditionally made for the Jewish holiday of Purim, into the front display case at Three Brothers Bakery.
Bobby Jucker of Three Brothers Bakery.
An assortment of bake goods at Three Brothers Bakery newest location on Washington Avenue.
Cupcakes at Three Brothers Bakery newest location on Washington Avenue.
Cookies and treats at Three Brothers Bakery.
Fruit filled Sufganyot at the Three Brothers Bakery on S. Braeswood.
Cherry hamentashen, triangular pastries traditionally made for the Jewish holiday of Purim, at Three Brothers Bakery.
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2019-04-19T00:54:39Z
|
https://www.chron.com/entertainment/restaurants-bars/slideshow/ThreeBrothers-132433.php
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Sports
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Business
| 0.665199 |
abelard
|
Some may find some the discussion at this site of interest.
“The flimsiness of the entire enterprise was brought home to me in devastating fashion in a conversation with Elliot Valenstein, a leading neuroscientist at the University of Michigan, and the author of three highly regarded and influential books on psychopharmacology and the history of psychiatry. I was talking to Valenstein about why today’s psychiatric drugs address only a very small proportion of the neurotransmitters that are thought to exist. Virtually all these drugs deal with only four neurotransmitters: dopamine and serotonin, most commonly, and also norepinephrine and GABA (technically known as gamma-aminobutyric acid). While no one knows exactly how many neurotransmitters there are in the humanbrain-indeed, even how a neurotransmitter is defined exactly can be a matter of debate-there are at least 100.
“So I asked Valenstein, "Why do all the drugs deal with the same brain chemicals? Is it because those four neurotransmitters are the ones understood to be most implicated with mood and thought regulation—that is, the stuff of psychiatric disorders?"
“ "It’s entirely a historical accident," he said. "The first psychiatric drugs were stumbled upon in the dark, completely serendipitously. No one, least of all the people who discovered them, had any idea how they worked. It was only later that the science caught up and provided evidence that those drugs influence those particular neurotransmitters. After that, all subsequent drugs were ‘copycats’ of the originals-and all of them regulated only those same four neurotransmitters. There have not been any new radically different paradigms of drug action that have been developed." Indeed, while 100 drugs have been designed to treat schizophrenia, all of them resemble the original, Thorazine, in their mechanism of action. "So," I asked Valenstein, "if the first drugs that were discovered had dealt with a different group of neurotransmitters, then all the drugs in use today would involve an entirely different set of neurotransmitters?"
“ "In other words, there are more than a hundred neurotransmitters, some of which could have vital impact on psychiatric syndromes, yet to be explored?" I asked.
“ "Absolutely," Valenstein said. "It’s all completely arbitrary."
“The irony is that the shift to drug-oriented treatments has occurred even as the techniques of psychotherapy have improved dramatically. The old one-size-fits-all approach of long-term, fairly unstructured, verbally oriented psychoanalysis or dynamic psychotherapy has been replaced by a number of new approaches specifically geared toward particular kinds of patients.
“Traditional therapies can work well for highly verbal "worried well" patients with a fair degree of insight into their problems and motivation to do something about them. But such therapies clearly don’t work for many other people. Among the new, more tailored approaches developed during the past 20 years is cognitivebehavioral therapy (CBT), which gives patients the tools to examine the thoughts, feelings, and beliefs that lie behind their behavior, and develops the skills they need to enact change at a practical level. CBT has often been shown to be as effective as drugs in treating mild to moderate depression, with a significantly lower recurrence rate. It has also been used effectively to treat a broad variety of conditions, including bulimia, hypochondriasis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, substance abuse, and post-traumatic stress disorder, and it has even emerged as a means of reducing criminal behavior.
“Two other innovative treatment approaches-the Stages of Change model and Motivational Interviewing-have helped caregivers understand how to motivate (and help) people to change. These methods’ tenets, in a nutshell, are that change should be viewed as a cyclical rather than linear process; that the job of bringing about change is the responsibility of the patient, not the caregiver (a reversal of the centuries-old hierarchical construct of the doctor-patient relationship); and that the caregiver’s approach must vary according to the client’s "stage of change"-that is, the patient’s level of insight and motivation to move forward. The positive outcomes of these kinds of "psychosocial" approaches in addressing some of the most difficult human problems-including addiction and the resistance of people with mental and other illnesses to being drawn into -treatment have been shown repeatedly.
“These and other verbally oriented treatments are increasingly used by mental health professionals, but they have less appeal in the citadels of modern psychiatric thought. There, the biological model has triumphed, and not only because of the glittering promise it holds. Biopsychiatry is driven by a complex network of forces, not the least of which are the allure of treating patients expeditiously with drugs rather than time-consuming and sometimes-messy therapies, and the huge profits to be reaped from antidepressants, antipsychotics, and other psychoactive drugs. For patients, however, the benefits of the new paradigm are not nearly so unambiguous. By focusing so heavily on drugs, though they can be highly effective, particularly for severe conditions-we are neglecting to expose patients to the full array of treatments and approaches that can help them get better.
“If there’s any lesson to be gleaned from the recent history of psychiatry, it is, in the anthropologist Tanya Luhrmann’s words, "how complex mental illness is, how difficult to treat, and how, in the face of this complexity, people cling to coherent explanations like poor swimmers to a raft."
“We don’t know much, but we should know just enough to recognize how primitive and crude our understanding of psychiatric drugs is, and how limited our understanding of the biology of mental disorder. The unfortunate fact remains that the ills of this world have a tantalizing way of eluding simple explanation. Our only hope is to be resolute and careful, not faddish, in assessing new developments as they arise, and to adopt them judiciously within a tradition of a gradually but steadily growing arsenal in the fight against genuine human suffering.
Thomas Sowell’s Economic facts and fallacies (a summary in effect of several previous books) is on the edge of being ‘an important book’. Goldberg’s is merely interesting background.
Goldberg’s book is, in my view, very interesting, even fascinating, in terms of the emotional foolishness and shallowness of the Left, but it under-estimates the deadly foolishness of ‘collectivism’. Liberal Fascism is a strange, but limited, discussion of the emotional world of the confused, but ‘well-meaning’, socialist. Goldberg is particularly interesting on the history of twentieth-century socialist/fascist conceits in the USA. He is often clumsy and inaccurate, both in detail and in European factors. He is also almost too polite.
I have not read the ‘Great Depression’ books he cites, though I have recently read The Forgotten Man on the same subject.
I do not think the handling of the Great Depression is as simple as some of these recent revisionists claim. The Great Depression is now a long way back in terms of economic understanding.
Keynes is one of the very few great men/geniuses of the last century, but is constantly used as a whipping boy by Rightist fundamentalists, who mostly appear never to have read him. (He was not a dumb Lefty, as most who only read socialist pamphlets have come to falsely believe.) Keynes, in fact, despised socialism.
Further, the Great Depression was aggravated by continuing belief in the false god of gold. We know far more about fiat currencies now. In considerable part because of Keynes, Greenspan and others.
With the onrush of the factory system, the clinging to the outdated dogmas of Puritanism are stopping modern governments coming properly to terms with the continually shrinking of necessary ‘work’.
This is part of what makes Gordon Brown, that dull son of the manse, so unsuitable to cope with modern problems. Like the proverbial generals of yore, so many are still trying to fight the last war.
Thanks to"Crap Detector" for link.
“Everyone, from all three groups, started playing at roughly the same time - around the age of five. In those first few years, everyone practised roughly the same amount - about two or three hours a week. But around the age of eight real differences started to emerge. The students who would end up as the best in their class began to practise more than everyone else: six hours a week by age nine, eight by age 12, 16 a week by age 14, and up and up, until by the age of 20 they were practising well over 30 hours a week. By the age of 20, the elite performers had all totalled 10,000 hours of practice over the course of their lives. The merely good students had totalled, by contrast, 8,000 hours, and the future music teachers just over 4,000 hours.
“The curious thing about Ericsson's study is that he and his colleagues couldn't find any "naturals" - musicians who could float effortlessly to the top while practising a fraction of the time that their peers did. Nor could they find "grinds", people who worked harder than everyone else and yet just didn't have what it takes to break into the top ranks. Their research suggested that once you have enough ability to get into a top music school, the thing that distinguishes one performer from another is how hard he or she works. That's it. What's more, the people at the very top don't just work much harder than everyone else. They work much, much harder.
“This idea - that excellence at a complex task requires a critical, minimum level of practice - surfaces again and again in studies of expertise. In fact, researchers have settled on what they believe is a magic number for true expertise: 10,000 hours.
A recent history of the commodities markets and the corruption that surrounds it. It is written as if for a supermarket tabloid full of unnecessary sensationalisation and adjectives, which gets annoying; but it is otherwise quite interesting.
Marc Rich was given a pardon by Bill Clinton, shortly before Clinton left office. Marc Rich’s wife was a major donor to the Clinton Library.
Excellent book of business and management advice. Very clearly written and organized. Mostly common sense, with lucid examples. Like any "sales" book, there are sections dedicated to the need to lie, which are fortunately kept to a minimum, probably because the author doesn't seem very convinced.
This is a book I left almost till last in a long list of recommended business books, because the title did not sound interesting at all. Strange that this and the book I left to last both have very bad titles and advertising, despite constant advice on how to advertise!
Full of useful examples of good and bad management with clear, if simplistic explanations. The title is very misleading, as is the blurb, as are large parts of the book. He really does seem to believe he is writing about marketing, rather than management or business, but no matter how many times he repeats his silly mantra, it's not convincing. Essentially he tries to redefine "marketing" so broadly that it loses all meaning. Apart from that annoyance, which is the reason I left this recommendation till last, it is a very useful and interesting book!
Having read just over half of this 300-page book, I give up. Page after dull page of simplistic wishy-washy platitudes. There is only so much I will suffer for my education!
Biography of a corporate highflier who turned out to be a talented manager and marketeer. Interesting for how he deals with various problems - the filler about his personal life is not so interesting.
Henry Ford explaining how to run an industrial giant with plenteous moralising asides. Fascinating and surprisingly well written.
An unflattering biography of one of the world's greatest salesmen. Apart from the salatious nonsense about his personal life, very interesting business and history.
Very bright guy, very good businessman and manager. Thoroughly recommended.
Also see a review by abelard of this book.
Very inconsistent and poorly written account of a very interesting subject - clearly anyone would be better off just reading Buffet’s words directly, for example from the Berkshire annual reports available online. There is a constant logical error in his analyses - the difference between knowledge we have now and knowledge Buffet could have had at the purchase time is not made clear. That said, the analyses of good and bad management is interesting, but you ’d still be better off just reading the great man directly.
"In a hierarchy every employee tends to rise to his level of incompetence" - an amusing look at incompetence and the bad management that cause it, with some pretty silly solutions. Good for a giggle, even if occasionally the authors lose their rhythm.
A one-shot pony. Spinning it into a book was more entrepreneurship than necessity.
A while ago, I asked abelard to recommend to me some books from ab’s collection relating to business and management.
Parkinson’s first book of management satire. Very silly, funny and true! Thoroughly recommended.
Taxes and waste - a sarcastic look at how bad management leads to expenditure growing to meet income. Less laughs than the others, but still fascinating.
Satirical description of how many large companies and government organizations are ‘managed’. More serious than his first book - this one has useful tips for how to manage better.
Like all of his books, it has many interesting, amusing and informative caricatures of bad management and office politics. This one focuses on ‘types’ of people. It’s one of his best, if still not as out-and-out silly as his earlier work.
Interesting review of mental “optical illusions” - ways in which the mind systematically fools itself. Worth a read.
House [U.S. title: House M.D. ] is a good illustration of how any good (hospital) diagnosis is made, with well-structured and multi-layered programmes. These include many ethics puzzles, yet can be taken as entertainment complete with continuing, rather trite ‘love interest’ stories and Addams Family-type interviews with blood spewing from every conceivable human orifice. Viewers of another turn of mind may enjoy the patterned structure of each episode, where the main medical problem is echoed in the incidental problems of clinic patients, and often in the particular aspects of House’s personal life being shown. Thus the series appeals on several levels.
The House series is a very useful way of enthusing an understanding and teaching of diagnosis, generalisable to any complex field. The programme was created by, and has as its prime consultant, an ex-Harvard medic. House is a model for a clear-thinking diagnostician, surrounded to a considerable extent by colleagues, who come from an inadequate knowledge base to a belief that they have solved problems when there is still much to do.
House is constantly driven to fully understand a situation, rather than dismissing ‘loose ends’. As with any highly functioning person, loose ends are a sign of danger and inadequate comprehension. Instead of dismissing apparent loose ends, House actively seeks them, constantly on the search for understanding to check and improve his own knowledge.
House is constantly driving home to his colleagues the correct message that the first concern must be effectiveness, rather than emoting and ‘caring’.
Cuddy, his boss, hovers in the background as an ethical and legal backstop, protecting House from idiots and from his own excesses.
The consultant on this series is continually emphasising that a person of this calibre will be widely regarded as ‘odd’. And thus House is cartoonised with heavily emphasised foibles, in order to ‘humanise’ him for a mass audience. “A spoon full of sugar makes the medicine go down”, wheras in real life, many such people are far from odd amongst their peers, but they may well emphasise eccentricities to ease their way through a mad culture.
The series could be usefully employed to educative processes, to enculcate wisdom and mental fluency, or as a relaxant during courses and training.
The structure of the series is even mirrored in House’s determination not to miss his favourite medical soap.
House M.D. is a demonstration of a clean mind in action.
An interesting history of banking by an intelligent, and thus very confused, socialist. As the author is infected with socialist nonsense, even if he tries very hard to be rational, the usual racism and anti-money nonsense pervades the book.
As I said, he is very confused - the usual lot of a socialist with any brains: either they get very dishonest, very confused or they break free of that poisonous religion.
Despite all that, he seems an honourable idealist (again like many in similar predicaments) and tries to give the facts, although he does manage to conveniently gloss over the atrocities of socialism and the reality of advances in freedom and standards of living driven by the British Empire, particularly as now run from the new capital of Washington. Interesting, but requires a mark-9 crap-detector for sentient digestion.
When I started reading this book, Propitious Esculent [esculent: suitable for eating; edible] I first thought I had made a mistake - it was history, not how to grow potatoes. But I ploughed on and soon become engrossed in this idiosyncratic history, a history of the world according to the discovery, development and spread of potatoes as a major food crop.
Potatoes come originally from South America, from the high lands of the Andes, and had then spread through the continent, enabling the growth of the Mayan and Inca Empires. The arrival of Spanish explorers, who became invaders, resulted in the destruction of the local empires and their being supplanted by an European-controlled empire.
One of the aims of the Spanish Conquistadors was to find a more efficient place to grow staple foods for the population in Spain, suffering from repeated famines caused by a fickle climate and crop failures, as well as marauding armies trashing the countryside. With the gold and silver, the Spanish also sent barrels of potatoes back to their homeland, potatoes which had been found often to grow better than wheat and beef animals on the poor Andean soil.
In Europe, potatoes were first better known as a curiosity, and for their flowers. Generally, the potato was regarded as poisonous, rather than a source of food. But Spain was not the only European country with poor harvests, or farming land ravaged by wars. Gradually, potatoes were grown for food in more and more countries.
Antoin-Augustin Parmentier was a French prisoner of the Prussians during the Seven Years War, being fed almost exclusively on potatoes for three or so years. Parmentier was so impressed by his continued good health on such a diet that, that when free again, he made a series of nutritional studies on the potato. He won a prize for proposing the potato as a nourishing substitute for other food during times of famine. Later, Parmentier persuaded the French King, Louis XIV, and his wife Marie-Antoinette, that potatoes were worth eating.
But the general population, however hungry they were in the years before the Revolution, required more than charm to forget their suspicions, if not fear, of potatoes. To win them over, at harvest-time, Parmentier set guards around fields growing an experimental crop of potatoes, chasing away the curious. The locals believed the crop must be valuable to be thus guarded; so when the guards were withdrawn at night, the fields were raided and potatoes became a favoured food. Parmentier received one of the first Légion of Honneur medals for his work, and is commemorated in the name of the French version of cottage pie - Hachis Parmentier.
Potatoes were introduced to Ireland when a Spanish ship with a cargo including potatoes was wrecked on the southern Irish coast. Some of the six hundred captured Spaniards taught the Irish peasants who rescued them how to cook and cultivate the vegetable, all were then massacred by the English authorities. Potatoes grew well in the peaty humidity, and soon became the staple, and almost only, diet of the Irish rural poor - allowed little land to grow food, and earning a pittance working for English landlords. A hard-working farmer would eat at least fourteen pounds of potatoes in a day, flavoured with milk or whey. And this diet had helped Ireland’s population to increase from 1.5 million people, in the early 1600s before the potato was introduced, to 8.5 million in 1845, of whom more than ninety percent were completely dependant on the potato.
Then, the Irish potato harvest failed abruptly in 1845, when the entire harvest turned black and rotting from potato blight. The problem continued because there were then no seed potatoes to plant - the famine deepened. Within a few years, Ireland’s population had reduced by over 2 million - at least one million dying of starvation and another million emigrating.
Because prohibitive tariffs were imposed in Britain on importing foreign grain, in order to protect wealthy English landowners, imported grain was always more expensive than home-grown wheat, barley or oats. These tariffs were regulated by the Corn Laws [corn being a collective term for food grains]. But local supplies were in no way sufficient to help the millions starving in Ireland. It would be necessary to import large amounts of Indian corn (maize) and wheat from the USA.
At this time, Parliament was heavily populated by landowners who benefited greatly from the Corn Laws keeping prices artificially high. Eventually, Robert Peel, the then Prime Minister, persuaded a reluctant House of Commons that the Corn Laws be repealed, winning by a narrow majority.
It is strange that, over a hundred and sixty years later, the United Kingdom, and the world, is having similar cold feet about acting to prevent another human disaster: the complete destruction of our civilisation, and even the world we inhabit, because global warming might not be happening. As with alleviating the Irish Famine, working to reduce global warming and the environment is a win-win situation, except for a few greedy business magnates.
Although I have not yet finished Propitious Esculent , I am happy to recommend this book as an interesting social history of many parts of the world. I shall look elsewhere for information on the details of growing potatoes.
I have read many popularisations of physics published over the last century, from Bohr, Heisenberg and Planck to Einstein and beyond.
Every year, as the onrush of knowledge increases, so also does the understanding, and thence the clarity of expression improves every year . Almost every year now, another and better summary is published. And thus it is with The Mystery of the Missing Antimatter .
This book is highly recommended to intelligent but busy people trying to keep abreast of the modern world. It is much more clear than most popularisations and, in particular, does not disappoint by retreating into waffle and hand-waving when the authors are skating on the edge of their knowledge. These authors are obviously working scientists on the very forefront of present research. As with any serious scientists, they are quite prepared to say they do not know, or where present knowledge is still hazy.
I would also consider this book as a useful present, or necessary background reading for any promising 15 to 22 year old presently in physics or mathematics education. In my view, the background clarifications would help such young students to gain a more rounded understanding of these sciences and of what lies ahead for them in these areas.
“But that scenario violates the Copernican principle, a notion near and dear to the hearts of physicists and cosmologists, including Caldwell and Stebbins. Named after the 16th century astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, who made the then heretical proposal that Earth does not have a favored, central position in the solar system, the principle states that humans are not privileged observers in the universe, but have just as good — or bad — a vantage point as any other observer in the cosmos.
Economic facts and fallacies uses a variety of examples in social science to teach greater caution and perception of errors in statistical reasoning. Statistical reasoning is, generally, very poor in the population at large, even among those who may be considered ‘well-educated’.
The book is, therefore, highly recommended and would serve as useful background reading and support for any useful course in reasoning ability and scientific understanding. I have even purchased a few copies and sent them to people I think can profit from the book.
“Throughout history, the world has abounded with differences that are today called "disparities" or "inequities," even in situations where they cannot be explained by discrimination. At one time, in czarist Russia, nearly all of the members of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences were of German ancestry, even though people of German ancestry were only about one percent of the population of Russia. Today, more than 40 percent of all the billionaires in the world are in one country--the United States. The list could go on and on, until it filled a book. But, however common such statistical disparities have been around the world and throughout history, many continue to reason as if any statistical differences between any groups and suspicious, if not sinister.
“Another fallacy, already noted in Chapters 5 and 7, is what might be called the fallacy of changing composition. When statistical categories are, compared over time, the changing relationships among these categories can be completely misleading as to what is happening to the people or the nations in those categories, when the composition of these categories is changing over time. There may be growing inequalities between those categories during the very same span of years when there is a lessening of inequality between the people or nations who constitute those categories. Moreover, important conclusions and decisions can be based on this fallacy.
“For example, the growth of international free trade has been said to increase inequality among nations because the 23-to-one ratio between the twenty richest and twenty poorest nations in 1960 rose to a 36-to-one ratio in 2000. But the nations constituting the 20 richest and 20 poorest were different in 1960 and 2000. Comparing the same twenty richest and twenty poorest nations of 1960 over those decades shows that the ratio between the richest and poorest declined to less than ten-to-one. This leads to the directly opposite conclusion, suggesting that freer international trade may have helped reduce inequalities among nations, allowing some of the initially poorest to rise out of the category of the bottom twenty.
“Whatever the reason for the declining inequality, the fallacy of believing that international inequality had increased, when in fact it had decreased, is similar to that in an old joke about automobile accidents in Manhattan. In this joke, one friend says to another that statistics show that a man is hit by .a car in Manhattan once every 20 minutes. To which the other replies, "He must get awfully tired of that." The fallacy here is that it is obviously not the same man each time. The very same fallacy underlies much more serious conclusions about both personal and international inequalities over time, when it is not the same individuals or the same nations that are being compared, since each moves from one category to another over time. The changing composition of the categories makes conclusions based on comparisons between the categories fallacious.
“Statistics are no better than the methods and definitions used in collecting them. Without scrutinizing those methods and definitions, we cannot assume that comparable people are being compared, whether comparing the incomes of high school dropouts with college graduates, the incomes of members of different ethnic groups who have the "same" education, or the incomes of single women with married women, when "single" women includes women who were married for years before getting divorced. Nor can statistics about the amount of air pollution in populated areas versus open space tell us anything about whether letting people move into unpopulated areas will increase the total pollution over all, since it is people--not their locations--that generate pollution.
“Perhaps most dangerous of all is the practice of not subjecting fashionable beliefs to the test of facts, but instead accepting or rejecting beliefs according to how well they fit some pre-existing vision of the world. The idea that government intervention is needed to create "affordable housing" is an idea that makes sense only in the context of a preconceived notion, while mountains of hard evidence point in the exact opposite direction. The belief that ghetto riots such as those of the 1960s are a reaction against poverty, discrimination, unemployment, and blighted communities simply will not stand up in the face of hard evidence of when and where those riots took place, which were not in the places or times where these factors were worse.
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2019-04-25T17:43:30Z
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https://abelard.org/news/review2008.php
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Sports
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Science
| 0.771482 |
wisc
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The RDS team has made several changes to the design and content of our website.
First, we’re aiming to highlight the main three services RDS provides to the UW-Madison community: assistance with data management plans, consultations, and education and training.
Second, we’re introducing new content. One of the main questions we receive is about forthcoming federal funding requirements from the 2013 White House OSTP memorandum. We’ve created a brief yet helpful chart to get you started thinking about the impact of this mandate on your particular funding agency.
And last but not least, we’ve cleaned up the design to help you find what you need on our site, quickly and easily. Please reach out to us with questions or comments.
← Join RDS at the UW-Madison Open Meetup!
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2019-04-19T07:19:26Z
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http://researchdata.wisc.edu/news/welcome-to-our-new-website/
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Sports
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Business
| 0.604674 |
wordpress
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They don’t seem to have released the design files yet, but they are moving up-market with phenomenal speed. This one is pro-sumer and their website is all grey-tones and flash and they’re releasing new software as well. I wonder how long they’ll continue to support their old hardware.
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2019-04-24T12:11:29Z
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https://openalia.wordpress.com/tag/replicator/
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Sports
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Computers
| 0.150116 |
google
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SBS VR Player Video Cardboard. 3D, Subtitles, HBS support. Just 0.1mb! Ad-free!!
SKYBOX is an ultimate local VR video player supports UPnP/DLNA (Alpha Version).
support 4K & HD video, Chromecast, Background Play, etc.
360° & VR video play without complex operation!
All format Video Player with Music Editor, Equalizer and Tag editor.
Try lightweight, intuitive video player with subtitle!
Video Player Pro is a Full HD video player for you to All Formats videos.
Video Player is a powerful and private smart playback HD video player.
ALL formats, including MKV, MP4, M4V, AVI, MOV, 3GP, FLV, WMV, RMVB, TS etc.
Play all video format support 4K & HD video, video player popup in background.
A simple, fast and effective video player which you can play any video format.
This app works with BBC websites and apps to play BBC content on your device.
Virtual tours of landmarks with 360° panoramic images (1600+).
VR Video Player - 360 Degrees, VR Virtual Reality.
Discover the Californian Coast and an underwater world bursting with life.
With VR Mobile app you can search timetables and purchase train tickets.
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2019-04-23T03:32:55Z
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https://play.google.com/store/apps/collection/cluster?clp=wgYfChsKFWNvbS5hYmcuVlJWaWRlb1BsYXllchABGAMYAQ%3D%3D:S:ANO1ljI9zEs&gsr=CiLCBh8KGwoVY29tLmFiZy5WUlZpZGVvUGxheWVyEAEYAxgB:S:ANO1ljJ3lVY
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Sports
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Recreation
| 0.198743 |
usatoday
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Trae Young and the Sooners now anxiously await their postseason fate after falling to the rival Cowboys.
KANSAS CITY, Mo. (AP) — Oklahoma State coach Mike Boynton wasted no time this week pondering whether his team had done enough to merit an at-large berth into the NCAA tournament.
That’s because the Big 12 tournament winner gets in automatically.
“I just control the things I can control, and the only thing I’ve been worried about since we played Saturday was getting my team ready to play,” Boynton said after the eighth-seeded Cowboys’ 71-60 victory over No. 9 seed Oklahoma in the opening round Wednesday night.
Oklahoma State swept the ninth-ranked Jayhawks during the regular season.
Trae Young had 22 points on 7-for-21 shooting for the Sooners (18-13), but no amount of offense could overcome a startling disparity on the boards. Oklahoma was outrebounded 53-27, and all of those rebounds led to a 19-2 advantage for the Cowboys in second-chance points.
Now, the Sooners must anxiously await their NCAA tournament fate.
The Sooners beat the Cowboys by 20 in early January, back when they were ascending to No. 4 in the nation. But things began to fall apart midway through the conference schedule, beginning with a lopsided loss to Kansas State and an overtime defeat to the Cowboys in Stillwater.
The slump hit its nadir with a six-game skid that put the Sooners on the NCAA tournament bubble.
Things weren’t a whole lot better during the first half at the Sprint Center. Young was hassled every time he touched the ball, nobody else made shots and the Cowboys slowly built a 39-28 lead.
It swelled to 50-34 when McGriff hit his third three-pointer of the second half.
“He was definitely a spark,” the Cowboys’ Mitchell Solomon said.
Young finally got on track for the Sooners, burying back-to-back three-pointers when the Cowboys’ defense lapsed. That kicked off a 12-2 run that concluded with Brady Manek’s three-pointer and got Kruger’s slumping bunch within 52-46 midway through the second half.
It remained nip-and-tuck until the 6-minute mark, when the Sooners missed six straight and nine of 10 from the floor. Brandon Averette began getting loose near the basket for layups, Carroll added a jumper and Tavarius Shine’s basket made it 64-53 and forced Kruger to call timeout.
The Sooners’ Jamuni McNeace was called for a flagrant foul moments later, and McGriff and Solomon buried four straight free throws, effectively putting the game away.
Young was 5 of 13 from beyond the three-point arc. … The Cowboys were picked to finish last in the Big 12’s preseason poll. … The Cowboys were 11 of 26 from beyond the arc, improving to 16-2 when they make at least nine 3s. … Oklahoma State overcame 17 turnovers.
Oklahoma has struggled all season to put a supporting cast around Young, one of the leading names for national player of the year. Rashard Odomes had 12 points, but starter Kameron McGusty was held to six on 2-for-9 shooting and forward Khadeem Lattin had two points and four boards.
Oklahoma State helped its NCAA tournament resume by beating the Sooners for the fourth time in five meetings, but a win over the Jayhawks on Thursday would almost certainly lock up an at-large bid.
Oklahoma heads back to Norman to await its postseason fate.
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2019-04-20T12:34:52Z
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https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/ncaab/2018/03/07/oklahoma-state-beats-oklahoma-71-60-in-big-12-opening-round/32719681/
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Sports
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Sports
| 0.845939 |
usgs
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Three new postdoctoral researchers have joined the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center in Santa Cruz, California. Their efforts support the Climate Change Impacts to the U.S. Pacific and Arctic Coasts project.
Kingsley Odigie is a University of California, Santa Cruz (UCSC)/USGS Postdoctoral Scholar working with USGS research oceanographer Peter Swarzenski and USGS research geologist Jon Warrick. He is investigating the impacts of climate change on coastal flooding near river mouths and on groundwater aquifers along the California coast. Kingsley completed his Ph.D. in environmental toxicology with Professor Russ Flegal at UCSC. His dissertation, Pyrogenic Remobilization of Toxic Metals, is on the use of lead isotopic compositions and trace element inventories to study the impacts of wildfires on remobilization of contaminants and their subsequent impacts on aquatic ecosystems. Before his graduate studies, Kingsley graduated from San José State University with a double major in microbiology and forensic science, and a minor in chemistry. Outside work, he loves to spend time with his family and friends.
Patrick Limber is a USGS Mendenhall Research Fellow developing an approach for predicting multi-decadal cliff retreat due to climate change. He works primarily with USGS research oceanographer Li Erikson and USGS research geologist Patrick Barnard. Pat’s expertise lies in large-scale, long-term coastline evolution, beach and sea-cliff dynamics, nonlinear dynamics, and coastal management. Pat recently completed postdoctoral research with Assistant Professor Pete Adams at the University of Florida. Before that, he got his B.A. in environmental science from State University of New York (SUNY)-Purchase College, his M.S. in Earth science with Professor Gary Griggs at UCSC, and his Ph.D. in Earth and ocean sciences with Professor Brad Murray at Duke University. His dissertation is titled Beach and Sea Cliff Dynamics as a Driver of Rocky Coastline Evolution. Between studies at UCSC and Duke, Pat gained valuable experience working for the North Carolina Division of Coastal Management. A native North Carolinian and avid guitar player, Pat has settled in nearby Felton with his fiancé, Katie, who is a coastal manager.
Sean Vitousek is also a Mendenhall Research Fellow working primarily with Li Erikson and Patrick Barnard. He is developing an approach for predicting multi-decadal sandy beach evolution due to climate change. Sean’s expertise lies in numerical modeling, computational efficiency, nearshore processes, and internal waves. Sean got his B.S. from Princeton University in civil and environmental engineering, his M.S. from the University of Hawai‘i in geology and geophysics with Professor Chip Fletcher, and his Ph.D. from Stanford University in civil and environmental engineering with Associate Professor Oliver Fringer. His dissertation is titled Towards Internal Wave Resolving Simulations of the Ocean. Having grown up on the Big Island of Hawaii, Sean is an avid surfer and beach volleyball player. He now lives just up the street from the Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center with his wife, Sylvia.
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2019-04-23T04:31:23Z
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https://soundwaves.usgs.gov/2014/10/staff.html
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Sports
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Science
| 0.951447 |
nytimes
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THE debate about bailing out Detroit has been impassioned in The Times. On the Op-Ed page, Mitt Romney argued that if Detroit gets what it wants, “you can kiss the American automobile industry goodbye.” Spencer Abraham, a former senator from Michigan, wrote that Romney’s preferred course, a “managed bankruptcy,” would doom the automakers.
Those were robust opinions, on the pages meant for them. But the reporters and columnists covering the economic crisis for The Times’s business news department have their own opinions, and they have not been shy about declaring them in columns on the news pages, raising again the question of how much people who report the news should also tell you what they think about it.
Sorkin’s column, with its blunt tone, led to a spirited discussion in the newsroom. Craig Whitney, the standards editor, flagged it to Bill Keller, the executive editor. Keller said the column’s analysis was fine, but it “stepped over the line” by calling for G.M.’s chief executive to be fired. Keller called a meeting of business editors and columnists last Monday to revisit a continuing debate about guidelines for columns on news pages.
Sorkin said his column was “impactful.” He got a lot of positive reader feedback, and the column was read by lawmakers in Washington, he said. Sorkin, who as a reporter covers mergers and acquisitions, said he thinks carefully about the differing roles of news reporter and columnist and believes that readers understand the distinction. He felt he had no conflict in this case because he had not written a news article about the auto industry for more than a month.
Keller, Whitney and Larry Ingrassia, the business editor, all made the case that readers of the business pages want more than the daily news, especially when it involves such complex subjects. “They want to know what it means and what we make of it,” Ingrassia said.
Nocera said there are decades of experience among the business news columnists. “At this moment of crisis, we would be doing our readers a huge disservice not to give them the benefit of that wisdom,” he said. “I think it is imperative that we offer our opinions and offer them clearly, and without using the wiggle words.” Nocera is a full-time columnist (though he has written a couple of news articles in the current crisis), so his situation is arguably different from those of Sorkin, Gretchen Morgenson, Floyd Norris and others who regularly write both news and columns.
When I asked Morgenson why it was O.K. to write a straight news article about the hearings and then give her personal opinion about them in a column, she said, “I do not pull my opinions out of thin air.” In this case, internal e-mail and documents did seem to contradict much of what the rating executives said, which the news article and column pointed out. “I think it would be unfortunate indeed if staffers who can both report news stories fairly and write columns that are well-argued are forced to do one or the other but not both,” Morgenson said.
Keller defended having Morgenson cover the hearings and then write a column about them. “I don’t think it would have confused readers in the slightest,” he said. “She’s remarkably adept at doing both.” Keller and Whitney said there was agreement at the meeting last Monday that a reporter should not write a news story and a column about that story on the same day and page.
It seems to me that, while The Times has covered the financial and economic crises with great distinction, explaining events with depth and clarity, editors have also let that line between news and opinion slip. Sorkin’s column crossed the line and became prescriptive, as Keller said, but I think Nocera’s did too. And if it isn’t all right to have a reporter write a column about a news article he or she is covering on the same day, why is it all right three days later?
Times editors acknowledge that there is a risk to the paper’s credibility if they don’t manage the mix of news and opinion properly, but they say the payoff from having the expert comments of their journalists is worth the risk. It is true that no reader has complained to me about bias on the business pages, but the single biggest complaint I get is that The Times is, in the broadest sense, a biased newspaper. As business issues, public policy and politics merge in the current crisis, I think the risk only increases as reporters and news columnists slide from analysis to outright opinion.
The editors said they would be refining the guidelines for columnists. In my perfect world, I would draw them conservatively, pulling back from first-person opinion. I would not have reporters writing opinion about the subjects they cover. But that battle appears lost to two stronger influences: the Internet, which puts a premium on opinion and voice, and economics, which keeps the business staff from having columnists who don’t also carry reporting duty.
“We don’t have the resources to do that,” Ingrassia said.
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2019-04-23T17:25:03Z
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https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/opinion/30pubed.html
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Sports
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Business
| 0.634146 |
wordpress
|
You are currently browsing the tag archive for the ‘t-shirts’ tag.
– Her art work is absolutely beautiful. The application of the different media she uses is very accomplished and she has a strong use of light and shadow in her work which makes it really striking. I love the sketchy and painterly way the media is applied. Krystyna81’s work is definately something I would put up on my own walls.
– These t-shirt designs are lovely and very wearable. I could definitely see myself in one of these, the only problem would be deciding which one as there are so many nice designs!
Featured Shop on Paper and Stitch!!
Paper N Stitch site Live!!
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2019-04-24T00:14:05Z
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https://filiadavidus.wordpress.com/tag/t-shirts/
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Sports
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Shopping
| 0.618727 |
wordpress
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put your stamp on it.
after some research and thought, i decided having my initials laser engraved might be a better bet than having them printed or plain/foil stamped. the leather had already been treated, and was softening and getting a patina from my having used it, and i was afraid any other method wouldn’t last. only time will tell!
ordered this charm from JLynn Creations – i added it to a sterling diamond charm necklace i already had, and, voila!
…and finally, my monogrammed canvas tote!
painted the exterior first with white, then went over in gray and french blue, blotting the last two coats before they dried.
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2019-04-24T04:13:56Z
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https://imunlisted.wordpress.com/tag/monogram/
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Sports
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Reference
| 0.146646 |
sharks
|
While the Sharks were far from impressive in a first round loss, tonight’s opponents the Broncos were embarrassed by South Sydney in their season-opener last Thursday night.
The Sharks were their own worst enemies in a 24-20 defeat by the Raiders, however up in Brisbane the home team were never in the contest in being comprehensively beaten 36-6 by the Rabbits.
Both teams will be looking to quickly rebound and to chalk up their first wins for 2015, with Sharks coach Shane Flanagan realising his team had best beware the wounded Bronco.
“The Broncos will be hurting from the criticism I’m sure they’ve been getting up there in Brisbane,” Flanagan said. “But in saying that I though Souths were the best team of the round last week.
After vowing to make Remondis Stadium an intimidating place for opposition teams to play, the Sharks got off to a rough start last Sunday, however this week, with just a five-day turn-around, the Sharks have an opportunity to quickly atone.
“We want to win all our home games, we didn’t win last week so we need to win this week and I’m sure the boys will put up a much better performance,” Flanagan said.
In not pushing the panic button, Flanagan has resisted changes to his line up, with the same 17 players that took to the field against the Raiders again named, along with Valentine Holmes and Sami Sauiluma who have been selected on an extended bench.
Holmes was brilliant for the NYC Sharks last week, with Sauiluma amongst the best players on the field for the Sharks NSW Cup partners the Newtown Jets in a first round loss, meaning both players are in strong form should they get the late call up.
In drawing on some positive thoughts the Sharks could do worse than think back to the last time the two teams met, with a severely under-strength Cronulla squad coming back from a 22-point deficit to beat the Broncos at Suncorp.
The Sharks v Broncos match is scheduled for an 8.35pm kick off, with Channel 9 showing the match on delay beginning an hour later, therefore Remondis Stadium is the only place to catch all the action live.
As will be the case throughout the 2015 season integrated ticketing as provided by Transport NSW will be in operation, with the price of train travel included with memberships and game day tickets.
A free Sharks shuttle service will then transport fans from the Cronulla, Woolooware, Caringbah, Miranda and Sutherland stations to and from the Remondis Stadium precinct.
Gates to Remondis Stadium open at 6.00pm, with the NYC match kicking off at 6.20pm.
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2019-04-21T14:45:12Z
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https://www.sharks.com.au/news/2015/03/13/nrl-preview---sharks-v-broncos/
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Sports
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Sports
| 0.609078 |
francis
|
Religious Studies majors at Saint Francis University explore the universal dimension of the religious experience as expressed through the Catholic-Christian faith, Franciscan tradition, and other world religions. Our curriculum emphasizes the Franciscan Values of Higher Education by highlighting the centrality of religion and its influence on concepts from science and politics to fine arts and athletics, while examining social justice and ethical traditions that invite students to put their faith into action locally and globally.
demonstrate effective writing and communication skills.
Why Religious Studies at SFU?
All incoming majors will meet with a member of the department to develop a learning plan. The student and faculty member will set up an action plan at the beginning of each academic year, explicating a time line for submissions to each year’s portfolio. At the beginning of the senior year, the student will submit a written thesis statement to the faculty member, along with due dates for the rough and final drafts of the thesis.
With proper guidance and planning, majors will be prepared to pursue careers in religious education, political advocacy, environmental activism, ministry, pastoral counseling, family services, law, social services, and global and community development.
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2019-04-20T02:22:14Z
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https://www.francis.edu/Religious-Studies-Degrees-and-Programs/
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Sports
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Society
| 0.22304 |
wordpress
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On 27 November, Old Harbour held their 11th Expo event on the Old Harbour campus of Portmore Community College. The Expo is part of a series of events organised by the Old Harbour Development Area Committee to promote the town to it’s residents, the wider Jamaica and beyond it’s southern shores.
The Expo had a number of stands highlighting goods and services ranging from farming, crime prevention, organic food, household equipment, health & fitness, education plus local tourism.
Students of Spring Gardens All Age discussing their chicken farm.
Displays by Jamaica 4-H Clubs of nutritional products such a carrot syrup, jack fruit wine, june plum wine, pumpkin juice and callaloo juice.
The Taino Amerindians resided in Old Harbour at the time the first Europeans (including Columbus) had sailed to Jamaica in the 1490s.
Old Harbour was previously known under the Spanish as Esquivel (1510), named after Juan De Esquivel, first Governor of Jamaica.
Legend has it that the nearby Goat Islands was used by pirates such as Henry Morgan to hide their livestock for tax evasion from the mainland.
St Dorothy Anglican Church -built in the 1680’s -is one of the oldest churches in the western Hemisphere.
Old Harbour’s main port, Port Esquivel.
The iconic iron clock was installed in the 17th century.
The first indentured workers (200) from northern India landed in Old Harbour in 1844.
Marcus Garvey spoke at Old Harbour Primary School in September 1930.
Up until the mid 1950s Little Ascot Race Track in Old Harbour was the centre of horse racing in the Caribbean.
Marlie Racetrack and Harrison Pen in Old Harbour hosted track and cycle meets during the 1940s & 50s.
Former Prime Minister, Bruce Golding, lived in Old Harbour and his mother Enid Golding was the first Principal of Old Harbour High School in 1969.
Donald Nation, grandfather of writer Malcolm Gladwell was headmaster at Old Harbour Primary School during the 1960s.
Old Harbour currently has population of over 30,000 and is expected grow to 56000 by 2030.
This entry was posted in jamaica, jamaican, old harbour and tagged boney m, jamaica, old harbour, st catherine, tourism. Bookmark the permalink.
Very informative article on the rich history of Old Harbour.
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2019-04-19T01:34:08Z
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https://wingswithme.wordpress.com/2013/11/30/old-harbour-expo-2013/
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Sports
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News
| 0.177243 |
weebly
|
Our site is going to be going under a total renovation, including opening a separate site for the foxhound registry, wherein the registrar will be hosted along with breed details, the application form, and information on any breed-specific shows taking place.
We will also be updating our facilities due to having acquired a new world, and to update our farm to the new Equus Sims.
Things have been a little quiet around recently (no thanks to things happening OOC) but now we're back in action, so look out for a foal crop, horse sales and a foxhound litter going up some time soon!
In other news, LF Greyjoy - or Blue as we call him - has grown up into quite the handsome stallion. His training is coming along well, and while the basics of breaking him in are still being put into action he's already showing signs of being a promising hunter horse. Images will be up shortly!
We recently bought WPE Tiger Lily, an ISH mare, off of Whitestone. We are very excited to welcome her to our horse team and get her settled in! Hopefully she will enjoy her time at Linden, and birth some lovely foals for us. Here page can be found here (currently still a WIP).
Foxhound Pups - Our first litter of foxhound pups has now been sold, and all three are in happy, loving homes. If enough interest is shown, we may well have another litter in the next few upcoming months, too. If anyone is interested, by all means feel free to leave us a comment in the site cbox or email us.
LF Theseus is now at Crimson Reed Kennel [link] and LF Titania and Cobweb are now living at Briar Ridge Stables [link] together.
Another news update! There's a few things to cover in this post (as I haven't been updating as regularly as I should!) so this may well get a little long.
Fouxhound Pups - Our pups born in September are up for sale and are in the process of being advertised. LF Theseus received a rush of applications in for him, which I'm quite surprised about, so an owner has already been picked for him. He'll be sent out soon. Our two girls, LF Titania and LF Cobweb are still for sale, and we'll be taking applications for them until October 1st.
Irish Sport Horses - We have a few new additions to our original Irish Sport Horse team; LF Jupiter, LF It's A Delight, and LF Greyjoy (our latest foal). As with our other ISH, we are waiting for the Paragon Farms registry to open again so we can get them registered.
Site Update - Our site is still very much a work in progress, and there are several glitches and errors lying around the place. If you see anything out of place, or find a typo, or even have some suggestions for improving the site please let us know. We may be changing our design (again) in the upcoming weeks, too, so let us know what you think if we do have another overhaul! We're currently working on getting all the images ready for our dogs and horses, but hopefully that should also be done over the next few weeks too.
Hello, and welcome to Linden Farms, an estate located in Pennsylvania, USA, and owned and run by Matthew Crawford.
Here at Linden we specialise in breeding Irish Sport Horses and English Foxhounds, both animals of which are used both in the show ring and out on the field during hunts. We aim to give our animal residents the highest quality of life and training possible.
Currently our site is under construction, our horses are in the process of being registered, and our English Foxhound registry has yet to be established and gotten up and running, however once we are set up and ready we will be fully open to breeding requests, sales and registrations.
If you have any questions, queries or forms to be sent, please email us.
Please email us or leave a message in our c-box if you wish to affiliate with us.
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2019-04-20T01:07:04Z
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http://lindenfarms.weebly.com/index.html
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Sports
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News
| 0.161591 |
sltrib
|
(Francisco Kjolseth | The Salt Lake Tribune) Signs in the beer aisle at a Smith's Food & Drug store encourage consumers to join the Responsible Beer Choice Coalition. The signs are currently in the store at 876 E. 800 South, in Salt Lake City, but will roll out next week in all 50-plus Smith's in Utah.
In this now-past session of the Utah Legislature, our masters knew what was best for us on several voter initiatives, and overruled them to fit their ideas instead of voters. And a couple of laws were passed to appease the LDS Corp.
One of those laws was to allow real beer to be sold in Utah in grocery stores and convenience stores. Nationally 3.2 percent alcohol beer is being discontinued, the maximum Utah would allow, outside of the overpriced state liquor stores.
Legislators, about 90 percent of whom are Mormon Republicans, didn't want real beer, or so they were told by their master. Instead, they "compromised" by allowing 4.0 percent beer to be sold in the state. So I looked on the internet for brewers that made 4.0 percent beer. The only ones that I could find were local micro-breweries around the country. Budweiser 66 is the only beer made by Anheuser Busch that fits the 4.0 percent category.
My question is whether the LDS Corp. and legislators pulled a fast one on each other, either knowing or not knowing that a 4.0 percent beer is not made by any national brewers I could find on line.
If so, this means that there will still be nothing sold in grocery and convenience stores, because 4.0 beer is not made, just as 3.2 beer won't be made.
Any legislators out there want to answer this question?
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2019-04-23T11:58:12Z
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https://www.sltrib.com/opinion/letters/2019/03/20/letter-question-about/
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Sports
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Shopping
| 0.89802 |
squarespace
|
Business strategies that Increase revenue, productivity and employee retention.
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Increase close rates, average sale value, customer retention, lifetime customer value, upsell and referrals. You expect the highest performance from your sales people and I assess the health of the entire team's productivity. After the diagnosis, I create a plan for increasing sales productivity and we make it happen.
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Working with professionals looking for new jobs. I coach each person identify the ideal position and target employers to create a customized strategy for finding their ideal job. We work together to maximize your skills, contacts and modern tools to get the best job for you. 100% success rate.
Curious about how your business can grow with my help?
Schedule a free 15 minute call to explore more.
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2019-04-23T14:02:20Z
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https://margo-wickersham-emra.squarespace.com/what-i-do/
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Sports
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Business
| 0.986382 |
princeton
|
Feb. 7, 2011 4:15 p.m.
Using mathematical concepts, Princeton researchers have developed a method of discovering new drugs for a range of diseases by calculating which physical properties of biological molecules may predict their effectiveness as medicines.
The technique already has identified several potential new drugs that were shown to be effective for fighting strains of HIV by researchers at Johns Hopkins University.
"The power of this is that it's a general method," said Princeton chemical and biological engineering professor Christodoulos Floudas, who led the research team. "It has proven successful in finding potential peptides to fight HIV, but it should also be effective in searching for drugs for other diseases."
Floudas, the Stephen C. Macaleer '63 Professor in Engineering and Applied Science, and Princeton engineering doctoral student Meghan Bellows-Peterson collaborated on the study with researchers at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Their findings were reported in the Nov. 17, 2010, issue of Biophysical Journal.
The researchers' technique combines concepts from optimization theory, a field of mathematics that focuses on calculating the best option among a number of choices, with those of computational biology, which combines mathematics, statistics and computer science for biology research.
In the case of HIV, the challenge for the Princeton team was to find peptides -- the small chains of biologically active amino acids that are the basic building blocks of proteins -- that could stop the virus from infecting human cells.
"The Princeton researchers have a very sophisticated way of selecting peptides that will fit a particular binding site on an HIV virus," said collaborator Robert Siliciano, a professor of medicine at Johns Hopkins and a 1974 Princeton graduate, who specializes in the treatment of HIV. "It narrows the possibilities, and may reduce the amount of time and resources it takes to find new drugs."
Fuzeon (enfuvirtide), is a peptidic drug commonly given to HIV patients for whom first-line HIV medications have not proven fully effective. Fuzeon costs nearly $20,000 per year, and patients must take it regularly due to its short period of effectiveness in the body. The researchers hoped to find an alternative to Fuzeon by discovering new peptides that would be cheaper to produce and allow patients to take fewer and smaller doses.
Fuzeon is thought to inhibit HIV by attaching to the virus and disabling a structure used to penetrate the protective membrane of human cells.
"The actual mechanism for entering cells is still uncertain, but there is a lot of evidence that points to this certain structure on the virus," Bellows-Peterson said. "We used the available data on the proteins that form the structure to help us predict what kind of drug might be effective against the virus."
The researchers reasoned that a shorter peptide -- Fuzeon is 36 amino acids long -- would be cheaper to produce and would last longer in the body, since shorter molecules are less susceptible to breakdown. Such formulations also might allow for drugs that could be taken as a pill instead of an injection.
The researchers' biological sleuthing focused on the physical relationship between peptides and the HIV protein structure that Fuzeon targets. The team developed a formula based on statistical thermodynamics to predict whether a given peptide, based on its sequence of amino acids, was likely to bind with the protein that HIV uses for penetrating cells.
This tendency to bind stems from the peptide's free energy state, a physical property related to its shape, which would change if it attached to the HIV protein. The researchers looked for peptides that would shift to a lower energy state after binding to the HIV protein, because these would be more likely to bind to the protein and thus be capable of blocking the virus from entering a cell.
Out of millions of possible peptides, the Princeton researchers used their formula to narrow their search to five promising drug candidates, each 12 amino acids long, one-third the length of Fuzeon. Their collaborators at Johns Hopkins then tested whether the peptides were truly effective at preventing HIV from entering human cells.
The Johns Hopkins scientists found that four of the five designed peptides inhibited HIV and that one of the peptides was particularly potent, even against strains of HIV that are resistant to treatment with Fuzeon. They also found that peptides designed by the Princeton researchers were nontoxic to cells.
"One could never test all the possible peptides to see if they are effective against HIV," Floudas said. "But this model was able to sort through millions of possibilities and identify just a few that show promise."
Now that they have identified possible candidates, the researchers plan to experiment with modifying the shape of the peptides to see if they can be made even more effective against the virus. They also hope to expand the use of the model to other diseases, particularly cancers.
"It's an approach to finding peptide-based drugs that target certain proteins, whether those of a virus or those of a cancerous cell," Floudas said.
In addition to Siliciano, collaborators from Johns Hopkins included Lin Shen, a former doctoral student; Philip Cole, a professor of pharmacology; and Martin Taylor, an M.D./Ph.D. candidate who graduated from Princeton in 2005. Hoki Fung, a former Princeton doctoral student who currently is serving as a postdoctoral fellow at École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne in Switzerland, also participated in the research.
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2019-04-22T03:14:02Z
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https://www.princeton.edu/news/2011/02/07/math-may-help-calculate-way-find-new-drugs-hiv-and-other-diseases?section=science
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Sports
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Science
| 0.819329 |
swimhearts
|
Emilie Paul, Heather Doney, Chloe Milburn, Olivia Murray and Kirsty Carruthers won the overall girls 8/9 team title.
Emilie, Heather, Chloe and Olivia are here with their trophy and coach Angus Johnston.
In the girls 12/13 age group the team of Alice Mackie, Olivia Dean, Sophie Milburn, Katie Macdonald and Lizzie Whike picked up the trophy.
The boys 8/9 team of Lewis Robb, Charlie Brown, Kier Strormonth, Anton Skornyakov and Jack Robertson came third in their category.
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2019-04-25T16:54:07Z
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https://swimhearts.com/2018/06/03/lothian-leagues-win/
|
Sports
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Kids
| 0.560781 |
golfdigest
|
Ryder Cup captains Davis Love III and Darren Clarke have expressed admiration and respect for each other into the buildup to the 2016 Ryder Cup. Their social media managers, however, aren't operating on the same level of civility.
...but I think we can chalk this up as a resounding European victory.
Luckily, I'm 87 percent sure Ryder Cup points aren't allotted via destroying your opponent on social media. Nevertheless, it's long been presented that Team Europe is more prepared for the event than the United States. Apparently that includes on Twitter as well.
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2019-04-19T03:06:14Z
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https://www.golfdigest.com/story/ryder-cup-war-begins-american-european-teams-exchange-digs-on-twitter
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Sports
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Sports
| 0.959975 |
wordpress
|
Vassa is living in Brooklyn that she describes as the most ordinary and boring place on earth, the only thing that is making her days a bit more colourful are her dyed purple hair. This world might seem very dull for Vassa, but it’s not your regular Brooklyn. She lives in a world with magic, even if she’s not exactly calling it that way. At the beginning of the book we learn that something happened to the Night, she lost part of herself and now nights seem to last much longer than normal. Vassa and her two sisters can go to sleep, wake up when it’s still night, have breakfast, watch some old black and white movies, go back to sleep and finally wake up in the morning. Night hours seem to drag very slowly, and no one knows why. Vassa also has a very close, special friend – a wooden talking doll! It’s a gift from her late mother. What is even more bizarre about the Vassa’s Brooklyn is that there is a shop that is located on chicken legs! Yes. You read that correctly.There is a grocery store that is sitting on chicken legs and it’s dancing, and if you want to get in, you have to sing a particular song that will convince the shop to kneel down and let you in. Also, in front of the store, in its parking lot are pales with heads on them. Real human heads, some of them decayed. Those are heads of people that were caught stealing in the shop….As you can imagine, when I started reading a book I often had to reread some passages because I was not sure if this was really what I read. After I while I got used to it, and I was able to accept anything unusual, and there is quite a lot of strange stuff going on.
The main plot is packed in three days during which Vassa ‘works’ in the creepy shop. She found herself in a very unfortunate situation that ended with the shop owner proposing her a deal of staying in the shop and working there at nights for three days. She cannot leave the store; the parking lot is as far as she can go. There is so much that is happening during those three nights. And it all makes Vassa realise who she is, and who she want to be.
It is an amazing story! All the characters are very well built, I can see their motives, what is driving them to act like they do. All the action and world is described in great detail, it just grabs you in the world of the book. It is a dark, weird, surreal story that is great to read.
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2019-04-19T22:33:16Z
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https://olareadsbooks.wordpress.com/2016/06/23/vassa-in-the-night-by-sarah-porter/
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Sports
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Reference
| 0.355059 |
time
|
Bernie Sanders smiles during an interfaith roundtable in Washington, DC on Dec. 16, 2015.
According to a Dec. 20 post on Sanders’ campaign website, the previous record-holder was Barack Obama, who had logged 2,209,636 donations by Dec. 31, 2011 during his reelection bid. Many of these contributions are from small donors: according to the Sanders website, the average donation that came in during the third Democratic debate on Saturday was less than $25.
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2019-04-23T19:54:39Z
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http://time.com/4157904/bernie-sanders-fundraising-donations-record/
|
Sports
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News
| 0.458692 |
nova
|
Presentation by the President of the Southeast Brainspotting Institute. Learn to work with the brain and the body in therapy to create rapid, effective change.
We have an upcoming fundraising event at Panera Bread located at the Town Center! Help us fund the 2019 NSU Jax Medical Mission Trip to the Dominican Republic by dining in at Panera or ordering take out. Bring the flyer or show an electronic version to the cashier when you place your order and they will donate a portion of the proceeds from your purchase!
Note: Ordering Online for Rapid Pick-Up or Delivery?* Enter “PRFUND” “PRFUND” as your Promo Code to have a portion of your proceeds donated to your organization.
We hope to see you there! Thank you in advance for all of your support!
FREE Workshop! Lunch will be provided.
Dr. Scott Poland will be providing suicide and violence prevention training. He is a top professional in his field, and has been called to assist all over the United States, including Columbine and Parkland. Assistant Chief, School Safety Specialist and District Emergency Preparedness Coordinator of Duval County School Police Department, Wayne R. Clark will be leading active shooter training.
Seating is limited. To RSVP, please visit nova.edu/Jacksonville/events or [email protected].
Have you graduated/will be graduating from NSU between Fall 2018 and Summer 2019? The Division of Student Affairs would like to invite all Jacksonville Area Graduates to Class Celebration: a recognition ceremony honoring those students (undergraduate and graduate) who have completed or will complete their coursework through August 2019. Includes all online, onsite, and blended students!!
**This is NOT an official graduation ceremony or commencement. All official graduation requirements/conferrals, etc. are determined via your Academic Department.
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2019-04-19T05:08:52Z
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https://sharkfins.nova.edu/jacksonville-calendar-of-event-april-2019/
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Sports
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Reference
| 0.091273 |
weebly
|
Got down to my new super sweet job in Sogndal, doing kayak guiding and cafe work/ bar for Sogndal Lodge! Sadly my inflamed hand is preventing me both from exercising and climbing anything in particular. Making me a kayaker for now, as it's easier on the grip, and honestly I am enjoying the watery-wet kinda life!
"JUST GO FLOAT A RIVER "
It's always such a hassle getting my life in a car, and moving it somewhere new. Although this seem to be the theme for anyone working with adventure related professions. Also adding a new element of kayaking made the car kinda useless to drive in any proper speed.
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2019-04-25T15:50:43Z
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http://thegreatlemming.weebly.com/lemming-life/no-hurry-life-can-wait
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Sports
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Sports
| 0.561427 |
wordpress
|
Congratulations to our Buster the Boston! Last Saturday he won First Place Prize in Petco’s Halloween Costume Contest. He dressed as a motorcycle rider, complete with his sunglasses and black leather jacket. So very cute!
2 Responses to "Buster Won 1st Place Prize at Petco’s Halloween Dog Costume Contest!"
Go Buster!!! He is just a ham and so good about letting you dress him up. Congratulations.
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2019-04-25T10:39:19Z
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https://ginataylor.wordpress.com/2014/10/28/buster-won-1st-place-prize-at-petcos-halloween-dog-costume-contest/
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Sports
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Sports
| 0.399531 |
nfl
|
Published: Nov. 21, 2012 at 06:33 p.m.
Updated: Nov. 21, 2012 at 07:34 p.m.
We plan to make "Stick a fork in them" an annual feature on Around the League. We could be writing for a long, long time before another team that starts 4-0 gets put to rest after only ten weeks.
What a strange, rollercoaster ride this was for the 2012 Arizona Cardinals.
We could try to find more creative reasons for Arizona's demise, but sometimes the obvious answer is right. Arizona's offensive line is the worst in the league. The tackles were woeful before both preseason starters went down to injury. Starters Bobby Massie and D'Anthony Batiste battled for most of the season to get Arizona's quarterbacks killed first.
It comes back to coaching. Greg Cosell of NFL Films notes the entire line struggles to pick up basic blitz concepts. The offensive line has been a systemic, annual problem. It's an indictment of the team's front office and offensive line coach Russ Grimm.
The quarterback situation isn't much better. Kevin Kolb made some clutch throws early in the season, but let's not get carried away. He holds on to the ball too long. His yards per attempt were down dramatically from last year, in the territory of Mark Sanchez and Matt Cassel. John Skelton played so poorly that Ken Whisenhunt turned to sixth-round rookie Ryan Lindley when the team was ahead in Atlanta. That was Whiz's version waving the white flag.
It didn't help that the team's top two running backs Beanie Wells and Ryan Williams were hurt early. First-round pick Michael Floyd has struggled to pick up the pro game. The defense had some holes in the secondary with cornerback William Gay. All-world safety Adrian Wilson's play declined enough to get benched on passing downs. But the defense was great overall.
The Cardinals organization was held hostage by its line and quarterbacks. Again.
Defensive coordinator Ray Horton's group is fast and dangerous. Calais Campbell and Darnell Dockett fit the scheme perfectly. There aren't many better defensive line duos in the NFL when both are healthy. Cornerback Patrick Peterson had some rough moments, but he's improved in coverage overall. Linebacker Daryl Washington is a complete player. He can cover, stuff the run, and is one of the best blitzers at his position. In a normal year, he might be a Defensive Player of the Year candidate.
The Cardinals are fourth in turnovers and fourth in FootballOutsiders' defensive metrics. It's a shame the offense wasted their efforts, although wide receiver Andre Roberts and running back LaRod Stephens-Howling stepped up as factors.
It's hard to figure out this team's future at quarterback. Lindley has a chance to put himself in the mix for a big role next year. The Cardinals would love to see some development out of Floyd; he's struggled just to line up in the right place at times. At this point last year, the Cardinals looked lost. A strong end to the year built hope that they had something. Falling right back to the bottom of the NFC West would be dispiriting. Whisenhunt would love to get to seven or eight wins. It sounds strange, but beating the St. Louis Rams this Sunday would mean a lot to this organization.
Could Whisenhunt lose his job? We expect the Cardinals to keep him next season, but something like a 12-game losing streak or even 2-10 stretch to end the year could inspire a change. If Whisenhunt stays, he will look to dramatically reshape the quarterback position. Kolb or Skelton will be let go, probably both.
This has been a wildly up and down team over the last few years. Division rivals Seattle, San Francisco and St. Louis are all heading in the direction. It feels like the Cardinals are stuck.
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2019-04-19T16:51:33Z
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http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap1000000098921/article/stick-a-fork-in-them-2012-arizona-cardinals
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Sports
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Sports
| 0.8902 |
wordpress
|
After a few years of being scornful of my Victorian colleagues heading for the Gold Coast for their summer holidays, telling them that I was glad to be away from the horrible heat and humidity, not to mention crowds, I guess a few people were surprised to hear that we our summer holiday destination this year was not another mountain hide-out with lots of healthy bush walks and quite afternoons reading and enjoying the peaceful surrounds, but… Adelaide.
Yes, Adelaide – the capital city of South Australia. The city that has a deserved reputation of getting extremely hot in summer and most Adeladians would probably tell you there’s not much on there.
However. We were banking on the fact that, like Melbourne, the unrelenting, sweltering (but dry) heat wouldn’t set in until mid-January, and in that optimistic frame of mind we both packed light-weight long pants and a pair of jeans and rugby tops – just incase.
As for boring… I come from Brisbane, which a lot of people (not me) describe as a large country town, and since I’d never been to Adelaide before I had a whole city to discover! And given our previous summer holiday locations – take last year at Walhalla for example – Adelaide was going to be packed full of things to see and do – as you will see.
Don’t be surprised to hear that we drove to Adelaide. It’s only about 8hrs or so. A good holiday is one where we can take the Mini with us. This time we even managed to pack lightly! Although, had we added the hiking boots and backpacks (etc) it would have been noticeably fuller, I suspect.
After passing the Grampians you’re in the region known as The Wimmera, and it does become a lot flatter. And drier. Some of that is because the majority of fields are of wheat about to be, or recently, harvested at this time of the year. There’s a of hay bales in the fields, too. The colour palette of the countryside is the gold of wheat, dark green of trees that line the roads and dot the fields, and the washed-out blue of the sky. Thank goodness it was only 24oC and there was sunscreen lotion handy, because the sun through the windscreen felt pretty strong.
Now this is a wheat field!
We saw our first salt lake not far past Horsham (still in Victoria). A number of cars had pulled up at the stop beside it, for the drivers to get out and stretch their legs and take a look. As we’d just had a break in Horsham, we kept going.
Like a string that was pulled taut then gently released, the road makes its way across the landscape in mostly straight lines. The railway follows beside, sometimes on the left, sometimes on the right. You can spot the next town from a few kilometres away because the gain silos are the only things that stand out on the horizon – aside from communication towers, but they’re not necessarily based in town.
A communications tower. Yes, I was happily photographing anything from the passenger seat.
As you approach the border from the Victorian side, there are warnings (reminders) that you are not allowed to take any fruit or vegetables (plant matter) into South Australia, and if you’re carrying anything of the sort to use the bins provided ahead to dispose of it. As we passed the bins, I noticed that of the two, one was closed off and had a sign indicating it was ‘FULL’. I wonder why the person who was authorised to come and check and declare the bin full, wasn’t provided with the means of emptying it?
– the power poles are Stobie Poles: invented by James Cyril Stobie who worked for the Adelaide Electrical Supply Company, they’re made of steel, sometimes filled with concrete (which makes crashing into them even more terrible than a regular pole or tree, so don’t do anything stupid on the road).
It’s all pretty plain sailing (driving) until you come to Tailem Bend, where the Princes Highway (A8) meets the Murray River. The first sign you’ll see that you’re approaching town are the pelicans drifting on the thermals above the river. Soon you realise it’s not just a couple of pelicans, but dozens of them, all along the river. Keep scanning the skies (if you’re a passenger) and you can spot various raptors. We saw three Wedge-tailed Eagles and I believe I even spotted a Black Kite.
As you cross the Murray Bridge, you’ll appreciate the true meaning of flood plain. This fertile area reminds me of the Lockyer Valley west of Brisbane, or Bacchus Marsh west of Melbourne.
‘Hill’ has now returned to the vocabulary, and it’s not really all that long before you find yourself winding up into the dark green Adelaide Hills. The tall pine trees mixed in with the eucalypts help make the hills feel cooler, and it’s with a sense of anticipation that you’re close to the end of the journey that you sit up and look ahead.
There are a number of signs warning that the decent from the hills is steep, and so it proved to be. Long and steep. What fun it would be on a bike, but it would take a significant effort to ride up in the first place. It rather reminds me of the approach into Wellington from the north… or was it Dunedin? There was one town that has an impressive drive in – this is longer and more impressive, even though there’s only just a glimpse of the city through a gap in the hills. It even has short-ish (500m) twin tunnels. And emergency stopping gravel banks for trucks, who aren’t allowed to go faster than 40kph on the decline.
Once you’ve passed by The Glen Osmond Tollgate (the link takes you to a short clip about the history of the tollhouse by SA Life), you’re in Adelaide! As in Victoria, it appears that ‘greater Adelaide’ is made up of dozens of little local councils. It’s one notion I still think is pretty silly – you can tell I grew up in Brisbane! ‘Greater’ Adelaide is not big, and the drive into town doesn’t take long and is quite pleasant.
After checking in and dumping our bags in our room, we wandered down the Rundle Mall, which started very conveniently about 50m from our hotel on Hindley Street. Being late-ish of a Sunday afternoon, none of the shops were open, but I assure you all the usual suspects were there. Quite surprisingly they have a very large Apple Store. Much bigger than the one we’ve been needing to visit (regrettably frequently of late) at Doncaster. And, most significantly, there’s the Haigh’s chocolate shop in the Beehive building at the corner of Rundle Mall and King William Street. The Haigh’s shop has been there since 1922!
I can’t believe that neither of us took a photo of the Beehive building. Stephen probably – quite plausibly – thought I’d be sure to take a photo of it… but alas I’ve come back without one. So here’s a photo from rundlemall.com.au. You can’t see it here, but there’s even a large bee at the top of the spike on the corner turret.
Past the end of the mall are the restaurants and cafes. Fish n chips, a cold beer, and a seat in the cool breeze was just the ticket to round out the day, and the pub at the end of Rundle St, car East Terrace, fitted the bill dry nicely. There was a surprising number of people out and about, for a Sunday night.
We walked off dinner by trying to find a supermarket open after 7pm, but it seems 5pm is closing time in the CBD. Fortunately there was one IGA that was open at 8pm on North Terrace, so we at least had breakfast supplies for the week.
Earlybird CBD parking for $13 – NOW open from 7am! Unbelievable!
Unlike the Brisbane City Council, who were dismantling their Christmas Tree in King Gorge Square as early as 27 December (they’re getting pretty grinchy in good ol’ Brissie), Adelaide’s Christmas tree in Victoria Square tree looked pretty plain during the day, but was very brightly lit with LEDs of a nighttime. Really lovely! I just wish I could find even one photo of it, however far away I was at the time. Damn. Instead here’s a link to Xenian’s webpage showing a short video of the Adelaide Christmas Tree at night in all it’s glory. They did a really top job! I’m so glad Adelaide City Council didn’t dismantle their Christmas Tree before we arrived.
After a late start (I was tired – and I wasn’t even the driver yesterday!) we walked a couple of blocks over to the Adelaide Central Market for breakfast and fresh food shopping.
The Market is not usually open of a Monday, but since they’ll be closed for New Years Day on Wednesday, a good number were open for business. There were plenty of fresh fruit & veg sellers, a few butchers, a couple of cheese stalls and a couple of fresh seafood places. Around the main fresh food market are permanent shops, but the majority of these were closed.
I can happily confirm that the cherries from the Adelaide hills are just as good as Victorian cherries, and cost the same price. The pink lady apples I bought, however, were definitely better.
Adelaide Zoo was our main destination for today. It was a warm day and we decided to walk along the river to get there. To get to the river we went through the Adelaide Railway Station. I learnt that it doesn’t have a name like Central Station, or North Terrace Station, because it is the only station in the city. It has 9 platforms and is the terminus for all incoming lines. The actual railway station part is below street level. When we walked down into the hallway I looked around and asked Stephen where the rest of the station was – but that’s all there is; basically just the hall and the platforms. The rest of the building that you see from street level is occupied by Adelaide Casino. Wow. What a shame. It is a lovely building though.
We could have caught one of the (3) Popeye ferries that travel between Elder Park and the Zoo, but it was faster to walk there and there was plenty of shade along the path.
The River Torrens isn’t very wide, and doesn’t flow very much. In fact, there are fountains along the river just to keep the water aerated. There are plenty of waterfowl around; Australian Wood Ducks by the score, probably at least half as many Pacific Black Ducks for good measure, numerous Dusky Moorhens and Eurasian Coots, although surprisingly few Purple Swamphens (or Pukeko, as the Maori call them). In this hot weather the ducks sit in the share of the trees along the grassy banks of the river. You can get quite close to them… don’t think I wasn’t tempted to trying catching one, but I behaved myself.
Of course, having lots of enclosures close together is one of the realities of keeping animals in captivity. How zoos deals with their limited space is interesting. One slightly puzzling example here is that recently one reasonable-sized corner of the grounds has been given over to robotic dinosaurs. Yes, I know there’s a link between extinction and conservation, but still, I would have thought the museum would have been better suited for this role? Or is that old-fashioned thinking now? Is this really the best use of that space?
They’re back? Does it take robotic dinosaurs to teach kids about conservation?
Funi and Wang Wang, the giant pandas who are the zoo’s newest (living) star attractions have the largest and most luxurious enclosures. At the moment they don’t share quarters – there’s his side and her side, and pandas need quite a bit of room. You get treated to all manner of things when you’re representatives of an endangered species, popular with the public, and strongly encouraged to breed.
But I was pretty stoked to see some of our own native animals that I wouldn’t otherwise get to see. Yellow-footed Rock-Wallabies, for instance. Much smaller than what I thought they were, and so cute. And speaking of cute, I can now say I’ve seen a living Fat-tailed Dunnart and two Bilbies in the Nocturnal House. The Ghost Bats were interesting to see up close too. There were plenty of Australian birds to admire in a number of averies around, including a 2-part walk-through avery.
Of the exotic animal enclosures I think my favourite was that of the Dusky Langurs. Imagine – using a real tree in an enclosure! Brilliant!
We really enjoyed our day at Adelaide Zoo.
Categories: Adelaide, Holiday | Tags: Adelaide, Adelaide Central Market, Adelaide Hills, Adelaide Train Station, Adelaide Zoo, Funi & Wang Wang, holiday, River Torrens, Rundle Mall, South Australia, Summer, Wimmera, zoo | Permalink.
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2019-04-22T16:34:03Z
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https://daynaa2000.wordpress.com/tag/south-australia/
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Sports
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Recreation
| 0.696526 |
irishgolfdesk
|
“Well done @Chris3Wood Fantastic stuff. Long overdue. #firsteuropeantourwin,” Lowry wrote from Dubai, where he is preparing for next week’s Desert Classic and his continued assault on the world’s top 50.
The 6 ft 5 inch Bristol native won the first professional title of his career last August when he captured the OneAsia Tour’s Thailand Open.
He had hoped to get a win on the European Tour before the end of last season but managed just a pair of top-10 finishes in Singapore and Hong Kong before finally getting over the line in spectacular fashion in a Saturday finish at Doha Golf Club.
Chris Wood with the trophy in Qatar. Picture courtesy Getty ImagesNeeding a birdie at the par-five 18th to force a play-off with clubhouse leaders George Coetzee of South Africa and Spaniard Sergio Garcia on 17 under par, Wood went one better to claim the Mother of Pearl trophy.
Having led by three shots at the start of the day, Wood was under pressure early on when he double bogeyed the third, but his three under par 69 was ultimately enough to hold off Coetzee, who signed for a 65, and Garcia, who birdied the last for a 66.
“It feels amazing,” said the 25 year old, who earned €310,917 for the victory. “It’s a dream come true. I’ve been knocking on the door for a while and come close a few times and it’s not happened.
“I didn’t know the situation when I was on the 18th fairway, but luckily I’d hit a great drive and I had the perfect yardage for a six iron. I knew I had to just let my swing go and trust it. It’s up there as one of the best shots I’ve ever played, because it was to win a tournament.
“When I was stood over the eagle putt I knew that was my chance. You don’t get many chances in a play-off, so that was my chance to win and I took it.
American Ryder Cup player Jason Dufner finished tied ninth after a final round 69, alongside German Major winner Martin Kaymer, while Englishman Justin Rose took a share of 16th spot.
Damien McGrane up against it at the 18th green in Doha. He took a drop and made his par-five. Photo Eoin Clarke/www.golffile.ieDamien McGrane finished nine strokes behind the winner in joint 22nd place following a closing 69 to earn €18,002 while Peter Lawrie (69) and Michael Hoey (70) tied for 42nd on five under to earn €10,260.
Ballyclare’s Gareth Maybin, who will become a father for the first time later this year, made four birdies in seven holes coming down the stretch as he carded a 69 to share 49th on four under and earn €7,108.
His first European Tour International Schedule victory in his 116th European Tour event.
Moves to fourth in The Race to Dubai with €314,598.
Moves into the top 60 in the Official World Golf Ranking, from 142nd.
His victory beats his previous best European Tour performances of second in the 2011 Iberdrola Open and the 2012 Sicilian Open. He was also tied second in the 2011 Africa Open.
Becomes the second first-time winner of the 2013 season, following Scott Jamieson (Nelson Mandela Championship presented by ISPS Handa).
Victory comes in his fourth appearance in the Commercial Bank Qatar Masters.
Beats his previous best performance in the Commercial Bank Qatar Masters of tied 14th in 2010.
Is the third time he has led going into the final round of a European Tour event, but is the first time he has won. The first two were the 2010 BMW PGA Championship and the 2011 Iberdrola Open. He finished tied sixth in the BMW PGA Championship and second in the Iberdrola Open.
Is the first Englishman to win the Commercial Bank Qatar Masters.
Before this victory he had amassed a total of 19 top ten finishes on The European Tour since 2008.
Joins Andrew Coltart (1998) and Rolf Muntz (2000) as players making the Commercial Bank Qatar Masters their first European Tour victory.
295 P Waring (Eng) 73 69 76 77.
Chris Wood has a three shot lead with a round to play in the Commercial Bank Qatar Masters. Picture Getty ImagesIreland’s trio of hopefuls slipped out of the picture as Chris Wood carded a brilliant eight under par round to take into a three stroke lead into the final round of the Commercial Bank Qatar Masters.
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2019-04-20T22:14:46Z
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https://www.irishgolfdesk.com/news-files/2013/1/26/wood-eagles-last-to-become-qatar-hero.html
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Sports
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Sports
| 0.85971 |
fansfocus
|
New user here from the Las Vegas of the North West (Blackpool).
I have joined up in order to see what this Forum is all about, and also to (hopefully) find the answers to a question I have about abandoned or currently vacant non-league grounds across the UK.
My other post is pending, so if somebody can help with answers to it then I would be most grateful.
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2019-04-21T02:43:52Z
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https://www.fansfocus.com/topic/195524-hi/
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Sports
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Sports
| 0.914198 |
nypost
|
Having already solidified its position in the CHSFL Class AA playoffs, Sunday night’s Week 8 matchup against Christ the King was essentially meaningless for the Xavier football team.
That is, until Chris Stevens gave the game some meaning.
The Xavier head coach wanted his team to play well for defensive coordinator Kevin Kelly, who was the head coach of the Royals for six years before being laid off as a physical education teacher at the Middle Village, Queens school last spring.
They certainly did as Xavier crushed Christ the King, 49-12, at Aviator Sports Complex in both teams’ regular-season finale.
Kelly, who downplayed the significance of the victory, said he was touched by his new team’s show of support.
Kelly said he’s still close to the Christ the King players and first-year head coach Chris Higgins, an assistant on his staff at Christ the King for five years.
Indeed, quietly Kelly’s defense is among the elite in the CHSFL AA-A. The Knights have given up 102 points this season, second only to undefeated Archbishop Stepinac. And in the final four weeks, the Knights have conceded 25 points.
Xavier (5-3, 5-2 CHSFL AA-A) isn’t too shabby offensively, either. On Sunday, Jonny Clark led the way, rushing for four touchdowns, including a 70 yarder late in the second quarter. He had another long TD run called back because of a penalty.
As for Christ the King, quarterback Terrel Hunt threw a pair of touchdown passes to Ollie Robinson and had an 80-yard strike to Jayvaun Smyer called back because of a block in the back penalty. It was a crushing defeat for the Royals (1-7, 1-6), who are now in a three-way tie with Cardinal Spellman and Bishop Ford for the CHSFL Class A playoffs.
Xavier did, though, and head into the postseason having won four in a row and five of their last six.
“We’re starting to do well and get on a roll right now,” Clark said.
When it was over, Kevin Kelly showed no emotion, except to hug a few of his former players and share a few laughs with members of the CK coaching staff.
But the Xavier players knew it was special for Kelly.
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2019-04-25T03:17:42Z
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https://nypost.com/2009/11/02/royal-flush-xavier-crushes-christ-the-king/
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Sports
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Sports
| 0.632998 |
nytimes
|
Why do you look so angry? This article hasn’t even begun and already you disapprove. Why can’t I ever win with you? I see it in your face.
If this sounds unfamiliar, good for you. You don’t need this.
For the rest of us, it may be helpful to know that some people seem to have outsize difficulty with reading neutral faces as neutral, even if they are exceptionally accurate at interpreting other facial expressions. Over the past decade psychologists have been piecing together why this occurs.
A study published in March in the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships suggests that some people who grew up with parents who fought a lot never learned to properly read those in-between faces, perhaps because they spent so much time watching out for signs of conflict.
These findings build on previous research indicating that depression, anxiety and irritability can affect how a person perceives other people’s faces. It has also been shown that adults who were exposed to violence, neglect or physical abuse in childhood are more likely to see hostility where there is none. This can create a self-reinforcing cycle.
“If you think they look angry then you may respond angrily,” said Abigail Marsh, the director of the Laboratory on Social and Affective Neuroscience at Georgetown University.
What interested Dr. Schermerhorn was whether an even more common issue — conflict between parents — might also take a toll.
Her original hypothesis was that children with higher interparental conflict scores would be worse at reading happy, angry and neutral faces. What she found instead was that children in high-conflict households fared just as well as the other children in discerning happy and angry expressions.
“They just couldn’t identify neutral accurately,” she said.
The study has limitations: The children were reacting to posed photos of the same youthful white actors. In real life, of course, faces are moving — something that limits the applications of numerous studies in this area. The children also misread neutral as happy about as often as they misread it as angry, which is different from some other studies in this area. And it’s possible that they will grow out of the tendency as they age, she acknowledged.
Still, the findings support a point other researchers in this field sometimes make: Those most in need of a benign interaction often have the hardest time recognizing one.
A parallel phenomenon has been shown to sabotage people suffering from depression and anxiety.
Depression, similarly, has been found to function almost like distortion goggles, filtering out signs of joy and happiness while magnifying signs of sadness or anger.
The good news is that there is some evidence that people can learn to see ambiguity in a more positive light.
Melissa Brotman, a clinical neuroscientist at the National Institute of Mental Health who develops treatments to help chronically irritable children, has found that they have a tendency to “perceive neutral or ambiguous faces as more hostile and fear-producing than typically developing youth.” But after a week of training with a computerized feedback tool in a small early pilot study, not only did the children stop seeing so much hostility in ambiguous faces, but parents and clinicians also noticed that their moods improved considerably.
On the upper row, the face with lower set eyebrows looks angrier than its counterpart to most people. Alexander T. Todorov, a professor at Princeton University, has also found that “when the latter eyebrows are paired with a smiling mouth (lower right in the figure), the attributions are not necessarily positive; the face looks ‘scheming.’”CreditAlexander T. Todorov/"Face Value: The Irresistible Influence of First Impressions"
You can reach Heather Murphy at [email protected] or on Twitter @heathertal. | Like the Science Times page on Facebook. | Sign up for the Science Times newsletter.
You Look Familiar. Now Scientists Know Why.
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2019-04-25T15:54:12Z
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https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/24/science/reading-neutral-faces.html
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Sports
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Science
| 0.237005 |
thegolfmembershipspot
|
Whether you are searching for membership opportunities within golf communities or golf real estate with membership options, it's important that your New Hampshire golf community provides the right kind of golf course, environment, and amenities that meet your needs. From private gated golf communities to golf communities with world-class amenities, we have all kinds of options in New Hampshire for you to choose from. Browse our listings below to learn more about New Hampshire golf communities, New Hampshire golf real estate options, and other exceptional New Hampshire private golf community memberships.
Four Season Golf Resort Living in N.H.!
Owl's Nest Golf Club offers more than just a great golfing experience. We are also the best value in four season golf resort living. Our year-round and vacation homes are a wide variety of village style, single family neighborhoods spread out over the entire course with spectacular views.
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2019-04-24T09:06:00Z
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http://thegolfmembershipspot.com/RealEstateListings.aspx_q_StateID_e_29
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Sports
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Recreation
| 0.91343 |
georgefox
|
The content available from this website is used for informational and noncommercial purposes only. All rights reserved.
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George Fox University also uses other third-party performance and retargeting cookies. George Fox University may also use related technologies including web beacons and pixels in order to facilitate your use of the website and to deliver ads to you.
George Fox University is the sole owner of the information collected on this site. We will not sell, share, or rent this information to others in ways different from what is disclosed in this statement. Information may be collected for admission application deposits, online admission applications, address updates, bookstore orders, gifts, topical surveys, advertising George Fox programs and events, and other uses deemed relevant to the university and its constituencies.
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From time to time, the website requests information from users via surveys. Participation in these surveys is completely voluntary and the user has a choice whether or not to provide this information. Information requested may include contact information (such as name and address), demographic information (such as zip code, age level), and any other information deemed by the university to be relevant to it and/or its academic programs.
Please direct questions or comments to the Webmaster.
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2019-04-25T10:24:34Z
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https://www.georgefox.edu/legal/index.html
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Sports
|
Reference
| 0.267445 |
wordpress
|
The 30 year cover-up of the Daniel Morgan murder is often portrayed as a murky morass. But revisiting the news coverage of the time, the outlines of the alleged conspiracy are clearer than you would imagine.
As the Daniel Morgan Independent Panel continues to sift through years of evidence on the most investigated murder in British history, four key characters emerge from the news coverage of the time.
It will be four years to the day tomorrow that the Guardian published the front page expose of the Hacking of Milly Dowler by Nick Davies and Amelia Hill which led to the setting up of the Leveson inquiry and kicked off this seemingly endless saga of the investigation of press intrusion.
More from Paddy French, who shows that phone hacking was the tip of a very dark iceberg: underneath it all – the Daniel Morgan Murder.
A CROWDFUNDING project to extend this series into the unauthorised biography of Piers Morgan has just been launched. More details on the Byline.com website — click here for more details.
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2019-04-24T16:07:15Z
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https://fothom.wordpress.com/2015/07/
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Sports
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News
| 0.93386 |
harvard
|
The concentration in Visual and Environmental Studies cultivates skills in both the practice and the critical study of the visual arts. Its components include photography, filmmaking, animation, video art, painting, drawing, printmaking and sculpture, as well as film and visual studies, critical theory, and the study of the built environment. The department has a strong commitment to fostering dialogue among makers, critics, and theorists. The modes of teaching combine the intensity of conservatory programs with the broad intellectual aims of a liberal arts college.
Within VES, there are three different areas of focus—1) studio arts, 2) film/video making, and 3) film and visual studies—and each have slightly different requirements. In studio arts and film/video, concentrators work toward comprehensive accomplishment in a chosen area of artistic production while simultaneously exploring a variety of other practices. In film and visual studies, concentrators pursue interdisciplinary approaches to the theory and history of images, space, art, and media. In all areas, VES concentrators work closely with faculty, predominantly in studios and small seminars, to gain understanding through both study and practice.
Upon graduation, concentrators in VES enter a wide variety of fields. Some pursue careers as artists or filmmakers while others go into media and communications. Among the graduate schools to which VES concentrators are admitted are schools of architecture, animation, art, film, and photography, as well graduate schools of arts and sciences, medicine, and business.
Introductory Studios: At least two courses should be completed by the end of the sophomore year related to the student's area of focus.
Intermediate Studios: At least two courses should be completed by the end of the junior year related to the student's area of focus.
Note: A film/video thesis will be allowed only if it represents the 5th and 6th courses in the medium of the thesis.
Historical and Theoretical Courses: At least two courses are required. These are seminar and lecture courses offered in VES that explore the history and theory of the moving image, contemporary art, the built environment, and critical studies. Appropriate courses offered in other departments can count toward the history and theory requirements with prior VES department approval.
Electives within the concentration: Five additional courses in VES, two of which may be VES 99, the senior thesis or senior project tutorial. VES 99 is considered an elective and is not a required course.
Introductory Courses: Two courses comprising Visual and Environmental Studies 70, “The Art of Film” and one other double-digit seminar or lecture course in film and visual studies offered within the department. VES 100: Critical Studies—the Artist and VES 181: Film Theory, Visual Thinking may also be counted toward the second introductory course.
Advanced Film and Visual Studies Seminars: At least three advanced, three-digit seminars in film and visual studies.
Electives: Four courses directly related to film and visual studies, including a VES film production or studio course of the student’s choosing. Offerings under this heading will include both film and visual studies classes offered in VES by regular and visiting faculty as well as pertinent film studies classes offered in departments outside of VES with prior departmental approval.
Senior Thesis or Senior Project: Students who write a thesis or senior project essay will enroll in VES 99, which constitutes two courses. Students are strongly encouraged to write a thesis or senior project essay, though it is not required. Students who choose not to write a thesis will instead take two additional advanced film and visual studies courses (these choices are subject to the approval of the Director of Undergraduate Studies). VES 99 is considered an elective and is not a required course.
*Note: Students should consult with the Director of Undergraduate Studies or the Manager of Academic Programs to discuss which courses in other departments may count toward VES film and visual studies requirements.
VES 99: Tutorial-Senior Year. Senior Projects/Theses. VES 99 is presumed to be a year-long 8-credit course, but may be divided if necessary. A thesis or senior project is not required. (For further information please see item 3, below).
VES 91r: Special Projects: In very rare instances, open to advanced students who wish to carry out a special project under supervision. Professional specialization is not the aim of this course. It is intended for specially qualified students who wish to extend work begun in a regular department course. Students wishing to enroll in VES 91r must find a member of the faculty to advise the project and submit an application to the Director of Undergraduate Studies.
Note: All tutorials and special projects courses in VES are letter-graded only. Application forms for all VES tutorials are available in the department office or from the department's website.
Thesis: Qualified students may only undertake a thesis upon approval by the VES Honors Board. A filmmaking thesis must represent the third year of work in film production. A thesis in video must represent the third year of work in film and/or video production. All theses should be preceded by a related critical or historical course. Students who want to do a thesis should plan their sophomore and junior year courses accordingly. No concentrator in Visual and Environmental Studies is required to do a thesis or senior project to be recommended for honors.
It is also possible to enroll in a VES 99 tutorial without doing a thesis. Like a thesis, these senior projects are undertaken with a tutorial adviser but do not undergo some of the rigors associated with the thesis (including thesis reviews, reader evaluations, and the requirement of a finished body of work). A final body of work may or may not result from a VES 99 senior project. For further information on the differences between a VES 99 tutorial with thesis and a VES 99 tutorial without thesis, please consult with the Director of Undergraduate Studies or the department’s website.
Related courses for concentration credit: Ordinarily, no more than two courses taken outside Visual and Environmental Studies or History of Art and Architecture may be so counted. It is strongly recommended that studio concentrators with little background in the history of art take introductory courses in history of art and architecture as soon as possible.
Concentrators in all areas of the department who wish to receive concentration credit for any non-VES course (in the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, at another of Harvard’s graduate schools, at MIT, in the Harvard Summer School, or while studying out of residence) must submit a course requirement substitution form, available on the VES website, even if the course is cross-listed. If the course is not cross-listed, a syllabus must accompany the petition. Syllabi are not required to accompany cross-listed course petitions.
Courses in history of art and architecture, theater design, and some courses in the field of cultural studies may be counted for concentration credit, subject to the approval of the Director of Undergraduate Studies when the Plan of Study is filed.
Pass/Fail: Courses counting for concentration credit may not be taken Pass/Fail or SAT/UNS, except that one Freshman Seminar may be counted for elective concentration credit if taught by a department faculty member and consistent with VES department offerings, and the student has received a positive evaluation.
Work done out of residence: A student wishing to count work done out of residence toward concentration requirements must have the plan for such work approved by the Director of Undergraduate Studies and the Office of International Education prior to undertaking it. No credit will be given for work done out of residence until this work, when completed, is evaluated by the faculty of the department. Ordinarily not more than three courses taken out of residence will be counted for concentration credit. For information on programs recommended by the faculty of the department, please visit the Office of International Education website.
Honors: Ordinarily, no student whose overall grade point average in the concentration falls below B will be recommended for honors. No concentrator in Visual and Environmental Studies is required to do a thesis to be eligible for an honors recommendation from the department.
Departmental academic advising is provided by the Director of Undergraduate Studies who meets individually with concentrators to discuss course selection. Information and advice is also available throughout the year in the Carpenter Center from Paula Soares, Manager of Academic Programs, who is available on a walk-in basis during most regular office hours. Each new concentrator is assigned a faculty adviser and is required to meet with the adviser at least once at the start of each term to review the Plan of Study. Students are reminded that they are each ultimately responsible for the fulfillment of concentration requirements, and should check regularly on the current status of their progress.
For up-to-date information on advising in Visual and Environmental Studies, please see the Advising Programs Office website.
Aside from providing the space in which the Department of Visual and Environmental Studies holds many of its classes, the Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts, designed by world-renowned architect Le Corbusier, is an important landmark in the recent history of architecture and is the setting in which Harvard evidences its concern for contemporary expression in the visual arts. During the academic year exhibitions, performances, events, film screenings, and lectures are offered. In addition, the Harvard Film Archive, housed in the Carpenter Center, mounts an ongoing program of film screenings.
The Carpenter Center contains studio classrooms for the practice of the studio arts. The department also holds classes in Sever Hall, where most of the film, video, and animation studio courses are conducted. Studios at 6–8 Linden Street are used by practicing artists and photographers, including members of the faculty and senior concentrators doing thesis work, when applicable.
Visual and Environmental Studies concentrators benefit from the unusually rich University collections of Harvard’s museums: The Harvard Art Museum, Natural History, Semitic, and Peabody museums containing Western, Asian, and ethnographic art. Harvard’s library holdings in art and archaeology include more than 250,000 books and more than 1,500,000 photographs and slides.
The Museum of Fine Arts is one of Boston’s great cultural resources. Other resources are the ICA Boston, the MIT List Visual Arts Center, and the commercial and non-profit galleries of the greater Boston area.
Further information about the concentration may be obtained from the Director of Undergraduate Studies, Professor Ruth Lingford ([email protected]) or the Manager of Academic Programs, Paula Soares ([email protected], 617-496-4469). The department has an extensive website, providing a range of information on the faculty, courses, the Carpenter Center lecture series as well as exhibition schedule.
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https://handbook.fas.harvard.edu/book/visual-and-environmental-studies
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