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wordpress | Cast and Crew are battling harsh conditions this week while filming outside. For tonight’s Episode 3×08, they got to dress up for a Gala Dinner that’s taking place in a warm and comfy ball room, at least.
Shortly before the episodes aired, some of the cast and crew posted “old” photos and videos taken when filming the episodes back in September; e.g. David Dastmalchian for Episode 3×06 (with Lucas Till), Sibongile Mlambo for 3×06 (with David Dastmalchian) or Jimmy Akingbola for 3×07 (with Justin Hires, with Tristin Mays and with Joy Sunday).
Since Episode 3×03, CBS hadn’t released any Sneak Peeks. Fans felt cheated on, especially because Hawaii Five-0 and Blue Bloods got several Sneak Peeks for every episode. So it was a nice surprise when for Episode 3×07, they released 3 Sneak Peeks on November 8.
Let’s take a look at the recent ratings. To recap: With the World Series being on at the same time, the demo-rating for Episode 3×05 (Dia de Muertos + Sicarios + Family) dropped to a 0.6. It still managed a live-viewers audience of 5.894 millions. In the +7 Days ratings, it added 1.66 million viewers (+28%), reaching a total of 7.553 million viewers and a demo of 1.01 (+58%) when including the DVR numbers.
Episode 3×06 (Murdoc + MacGyver + Murdoc) made 6.063 milllion live-viewers with a demo-rating of 0.8 in the important demo-group of 18-49-year-olds. This episode has the second-highest audience number and the highest (un-rounded) demo of Season 3 so far. In the +7 Days ratings, it added 1.41 million viewers (+23%), reaching a total of 7.475 million viewers and a demo of 1.09 (+40%) when including DVR.
Episode 3×07 (Scavengers + Hard Drive + Dragonfly) reached 6.429 million live-viewers with a demo of 0.7. It had the same demo-rating as Hawaii Five-0, but more interestingly, it beat Last Man Standing in audience numbers, winning the 8pm time-slot. So far, this episode has the highest audience number this season.
At the moment, the MacGyver Reboot has an average of 6.008 millions live-viewers with a demo-rating of 0.71.
For comparison with other CBS crime shows in the same range: Peter Lenkov’s rookie show Magnum PI is at 6.001 millions / 0.88 demo (Monday) after airing 7 episodes so far, despite getting a lot more promo than other CBS shows. It just got an extra premiere-slot on Sunday, January 20 – directly after the AFC Championship Game. This could work in their favor; affecting the episode averages for the season. SEAL Team is on average at 5.34 million live-viewers / 0.83 in demo (Wednesday, 7 episodes) and SWAT at 5.22 / 0.71 (Thursday, 7 episodes).
When comparing to all CBS scripted shows this Fall TV Season, the Reboot is at rank 19 (of 20) in demo and at rank 14 (of 20) in audience. While that doesn’t read so great, all prediction sites have the show predicted as “likely to be renewed” or “sure to be renewed”. Its famous brand name with franchise and syndication potential sure makes it a likely candidate to get another season.
MacGyver and the team set off on a dangerous capture operation after an Irish military intelligence officer approaches them claiming to know the whereabouts of “The Ghost,” a lethal bomb maker whom Mac has been hunting for years.
The episode has guest appearances by Holland Roden, Emerson Brooks (as Charlie Robinson) and Sean C. Michael (as the Ghost). It looks like George Eads might be absent in this episode since I haven’t seen him in any of the BtS or promo material.
On November 8, they released 13 Official Stills. Most pf them show Team Phoenix (sans Jack and Leanna) at a Gala Dinner, all dolled up and/or in sharp suits. They also released 2 Sneak Peeks yesterday. The first one has Mac and Riley talking about Nasha before Mac meets Holland Rodan’s character Eileen at a veteran gala. The second one has Mac, Riley, Bozer plus Charlie and Eileen out in the field with Matty assisting in the War Room back at Phoenix.
Emerson Brooks uploaded a BtS photo showing Charlie on a stretcher; confirming that the episode will take place in Paris. Executive Producer and Showrunner Peter Lenkov remains quiet. In fact, besides a re-post of Lucas Till, he still hasn’t posted anything MacGyver-related on Instagram since October 5.
Directed by Michael Martinez. Guest appearance by Lance Gross (Billy Colton) and return of Reign Edwards (as Leanna). Check out the Press Release and the Official Stills here.
Partially filmed in a prison location. Otherwise still top secret, apparently.
Directed by Carlos Bernard. Guest appearances by Shani Atias, Doug Savant and Seamus Patrick Dever.
Guest appearance by Bridget Regan.
There’s no episode on November 23, but we’ll get a rerun on December 28. Episode 3×11 – which was originally planned as the Christmas Episode being the Midseason-Finale – will presumably air in January.
Again, there weren’t many BtS photos being uploaded in recent weeks. Cast and Crew still mainly rely on temporary videos now without revealing too much, which makes it incredibly difficult to even guess what the storyline could be about. Luckily, every now and then, someone feels like teasing the fans a bit. They filmed a car crash and another ballroom gala scene. Shani Atias had uploaded quite a few BtS photos and Insta Stories. Director Carlos Bernard uploaded a nice team photo while taking a break after filming in the War Room.
On November 6, production started on Episode 2×12. They filmed some car scenes with Tristin driving, in a hangar (and possibly inside an airplane) and several days in a building dressed to be located in Russia – while also working on a set that looks like Fort Knox. This week, the constant and cold rain led do some re-scheduling so they could film inside instead. They also had some kid actors on set during the last few days: Izabella Dzmitryieu and Samuel Moody posted some nice photos with the cast.
The weather didn’t change for the better though – so yesterday, they had to film in the woods; despite freezing temperatures, wind and rain. Even the cameras got to wear a raincoat. Today, they were lucky with blue skies and the sun peeking through the foliage every now and then.
It’s possible they’re already working on Episode 3×13. My count might be a day or two off – but according to my files, they reached Day 100 of filming for Season 3.
Today, ET Canada finally released their video-interview with Lucas (probably done back in September of Season 3). He talks about doing stunts and what’s in store for his character this season (sadly, it’s not really a surprise anymore since we’re already seven episodes in).
Central Casting Georgia had posted Casting Calls for Stand-Ins for Greg Corbett, Faran Tahir, David Chin and Alex Livinalli. Additionally, they had Casting Calls for Photo Doubles, a Hand Double for Meredith Eaton and for a Stand-In with red hair.
They’ve also been looking for Extras; e.g. for African American Techs and Agents, for Bad Guys, for Russian Guards and Russian Security, Tactical Men, Gala Guests, Russian Police, Russian Valets, Upscale Cars, Police, Male Fit Models, for Pedestrians with Cars, a Featured Pilot and Tactical Teams.
In case you missed it: Season 1 of Original MacGyver was released on BluRay on October 30. Might be a nice Christmas gift *wink*. There’s no information yet about a possible release date for Season 2.
It’s not any prestigious contest, but the Reboot is eligible for the “Best of TV Awards” held by Canada Graphs. At the moment, you can vote for MacGyver in the category “Best TV Show” and for the characters in the category “Favorite TV Character” plus for the category “Best Non-Human Character or Prop” (I’ll say the robot or the SAK are the most likely candidates here).
For now, you can vote as many times as you want. The show is not available to choose from the list, but you can add it into the “other” box. So add your favorites in there and vote as many times as you want as long as the categories stay open. If it’s like last year, there will be several rounds with new categories added over time. | 2019-04-24T20:55:04Z | https://dashboardonfire.wordpress.com/2018/11/16/macgyver-reboot-update-70/ | Porn | Sports | 0.921494 |
wordpress | Per popular request, this week I am showing items from Forever 21. Since spring is three weeks away, I added pieces perfect for the springtime.
📚investing in myself mentally and spiritually 📒 Reading at least 1 new book each month Do y’all have any book recommendations ? | 2019-04-26T08:27:45Z | https://cindylizeth.wordpress.com/2018/03/01/february-28-womens-wednesday/ | Porn | Shopping | 0.96499 |
wordpress | Though Landlords are respectable and decent. There are still those who violates the rental law and commit fraudulent acts.
To spot a LandLord Fraud, Trulia have enumerated 7 ways.
They won’t let you tour a place – If a Landlord wouldn’t want you to tour the place inspite of showing him your interest, there may be something fishy about it. By this time, you should have doubted the place actual look. If that would be the case, you better look for another apartment.
The ask for insane upfront fees – If you’re not sure of how much si the upfront fees, It is better to ask a specialist about it. And, make sure to ask for a receipt when paying fees.
They insist on Cash – Monthly Cash payment may not be convenient on your part as a renter. This means you’ll have to pay the Landlord directly hand-on-hand. Might as well suggest to issue a check. This will also help you track your monthly payments.
There’s no paper trail — and not because everything happens electronically – Let’s just make this simple – “Everything must be put on writing”. This will help you in law proceedings. No paper trail may result to lack of evidence.
The appartment isn’t up to code – Be aware of the standard apartment features. IF there are some features that is missing or is not working, call the attention of the Landlord. If in case, after several notices, the Landlord still ignores you. Go get a lawyer.
Security Deposit Drama – For every repairs and cleaning done, ask for receipts. If the Landlord claims that he’s the one doing the repairs, then asked for a detailed explanation of repairs and have it estimated in local vendors. Don’t be fooled by an excessive charges. It is your hard earned money and you would like to have detailed information on how it is being spent. | 2019-04-21T22:01:52Z | https://groundsforpossiblity.wordpress.com/2016/02/26/spotting-a-landlord-fraud/ | Porn | Business | 0.299384 |
wired | Somewhere in the depths of our lizard brains lies a fascination with remote-controlled vehicles. Lately, it's been all about drones. But given the popularity of the flying machines, it's easy to overlook where the RC craze originally started: cars.
The RC cars of yesteryear worked fine on flat surfaces like your driveway or cul-de-sac. There were also models of the 4x4 variety that were meant to tackle the tougher terrain, but most were disappointing—often just a standard road chassis with some sort of off-road shell wrapped around it.
Axial's RR10 Bomber, however, is the real deal. It isn't just a street car gussied up to look mean. It's a rugged off-roader built for crawling over rocks and for zipping across the gnarliest trails.
The $400 car is a 1/10th-scale recreation of a 4x4 from Bomber Fabrications, the shop run by off-road master Randy Slawson—hence the "Bomber" in the car's name. Slawson designs and builds full chassis for off-road racing vehicles that are able to crawl over massive boulders at record speed. His work has twice earned him the title "King of the Hammers" for being the fastest across the rock-strewn Hammer trails of California's Johnson Valley.
Now that design has been baked into a masterfully crafted scale model that can rip over and through a variety of tough terrain, from steep and loose sand to rocks and boulders as big as the car itself. You can tune the full shock suspension to your liking, and there's even a mounting bracket for an optional sway bar. The wheels are from Walker Evans Racing, and they're slung with a set of BF Goodrich Baja tires (there's a spare on the back too). The battery packs are swappable, so you can always have a backup charging while you drive.
While most rookie RC drivers will be able to start chewing up smaller rocks right out of the box, it takes some practice to be able to tackle more challenging terrain. It's made for the rocks and the hills, but the flats have their own challenges. The Bomber's center of gravity is low, but not so low that it is impossible to send the car into a roll. Taking sharp corners at the max speed on flat ground will easily pull the inside tires into the air—if you're lucky, the Bomber will come to a stop with the tires on the ground. Beginners may also be tricked into thinking their skill and finesse of the controls has improved after 30 or 40 minutes of driving. But by then, the battery will have started to deplete and the car won't have as much power to throw itself over as often.
The controller—a simple, gun-style design with the trigger-throttle just below a steering wheel—is intuitive and easy to use. If for some reason the controls feel backwards, there are switches to reverse the actions. There are also some calibration options to help mitigate steering drift or sensitivity, as well as the ability to limit the throttle.
It may seem pricey at $400, but the RR10 Bomber is an advanced machine and a whole lot of fun. Also, you won't relive the childhood disappointment you felt the last time you took your "fake" off-roader for a spin in the dirt.
Cameron Martindell is a freelance contributor to WIRED. Follow him on Facebook, Instagram or Twitter (@offyonder) and read about his exploits at offyonder.com. | 2019-04-19T02:56:05Z | https://www.wired.com/2016/11/axial-90048-rr10-bomber-rc-car/ | Porn | Recreation | 0.937578 |
wordpress | I’m just getting going on a mix project: the next album by James McKean and the Blueberry Moon.
It’s not ideal timing. I’ve only been in my new house with Mel a couple of months, and I’ve not yet had time to really do anything with our music room in terms of acoustic treatment, and as a result it’s still echoey as all hell. But we’re under the gun, so I need to get going. I’m familiar enough with the material from listening to it in my old monitoring environment that I know there are no major EQ issues to compensate for, so as long as I keep to modest, sensible EQ treatments, and listen to mixes frequently in other rooms, on headphones, on my iPod etc. to check I’ve not done anything wacky, I won’t go too badly wrong. Hopefully by the time we’re ready to finalise all the mixes, I’ll have dampened the room down and fixed some of its frequency-related inaccuracies to the point where I can trust it.
It is, however, really exciting being at the start of a project like this. There are ten songs to mix, plus two B-sides, with the ten songs for the album all having been recorded semi-live at the same studio with the same band at three sessions between February and December last year. By semi-live, I mean we set up amps in an iso booth, plugged the bass guitar straight in, sat in the room with the drummer, and ran the songs down all together, recording drums, bass, acoustic guitar (played in the control room by James) and two electric guitars all at the same time (I’m one of the two electric guitarists). There are vocal overdubs, and the occasional extra bit here and there (some brass, a keyboard or an occasional add guitar), but it’s the most documentary-style album-length project I’ve been involved in making.
This is album number three I’ve made with James. The first one was often just him and me (though we had the benefit of overdubs from a great guitarist and a pedal-steel player), and I was a real novice recordist and mixer at the time, with inadequate gear. The second one was done over a protracted period, with a wider team of players, but still there are three or four songs that are largely/entirely just him and me. So this is a very different affair, a five-man effort, with one recording engineer (Jon Clayton) for the basic tracks, and the rest recorded by James or me in our respective homes.
This is how a lot of albums are made nowadays, especially rock records. Budgets are tight so you cut costs however you can. In most cases, bands go to a studio to track drums (drums are loud, they require space, and most importantly they’re difficult to record well because you have to manage the phase relationships of lots of microphones pointing at different aspects of a relatively small sound source), then you do as much as you can at a home studio. Some artists take their stuff back to a pro studio for mixing. Some (the foolhardy ones, the poor ones, the control freaks) do it themselves.
Mixing isn’t my favourite part of the process – I prefer tracking and building up the arrangement – but it’s the one that’s most obsessed over these days, far more than tracking, where a “that’ll do” mindset prevails. The power of computer recording software is such that any sound source can be shaped almost infitely: equalised, tuned, compressed, limited, repitched, replaced with a sample, compressed again, edited for timing, modulated and compressed some more. Then given a final smash.
We will be resisting most of that. We ain’t Steely Dan, but as a group we can play our own music pretty well. Editing has been minimal. A few notes/beats here and there, but nothing even nearly approaching the snap-to-grid, to-the-16th-note uniformity that overtook rock music in the noughties (I stopped listening, so I don’t know if that’s gone away. I sure hope so). James is a very fine singer indeed, so Auto-Tune is a non-issue, too. At any rate, I did not istall it on my current laptop. I have an old laptop with a tuning plug-in, so I can use it if I really need it, but there’s going to have to be a damn good reason. This will be an old-school affair: an LCR-mixed project with a consistent treatment of instruments in terms of panning, time-domain effects and mix density. Oh yeah, and some really good songs, too.
If any of that sounds appealing to you, check back in three months when the Rocks & Pebbles EP will be coming out. I’ll be releasing my own EP (it’s mixed; just needs mastering, artwork and pressing) at around the same time, so exciting times ahead!
This entry was posted in Music and tagged 1970s style, Blueberry Moon, James McKean, mixing, No Peace for the Wicked, record making, record production, recording, recording the whole band live in the same room, Where the River Runs Both Ways on February 24, 2018 by rossjpalmer.
The line-up of Whiskeytown that recorded the group’s last album, Pneumonia, didn’t much resemble the one that cut the band’s debut, Faithless Street, around four years earlier, with only David Ryan Adams and fiddler Caitlin Cary remaining. Three dates from the end of the tour to promote Srangers Almanac, tensions between the band members (particularly between Adams and founding guitarist Phil Wandscher) came to a head, Adams announced to the audience that they’d just witnessed the last show Whiskeytown would play, and he and Cary finished the remaining dates on the tour as a duo.
When the group next went in the studio it would be as a core three-piece of Adams, Cary and Mike Daly (a replacement for Wandscher), with a team of session musicians, utility players and friends augmenting the songs where needed. Luckily that group included Tommy Stimson (the Replacements), James Iha (Smashing Pumpkins), producer and multi-instrumentalist Ethan Johns, guitarist Brad Rice and bass player Jennifer Condos.
I’ve written before about the quality of Ethan Johns’s musicianship, and while both he and Jennifer Condos are credited with bass on the album, I’m going to take a leap and assume Condos was the primary bass player on Pnuemonia*. I’ve not been able to find any material to settle the issue, but if anyone happens to read this and knows for a fact who played which instrument on which song, do please leave a comment.
Whoever played on each song, the standard of bass playing throughout the album is high. The bass is always crucial yet is always understated, by both necessity and design. This edition of Whiskeytown was quite a big band but the arrangements for each song were so astute that the songs actually feel less cluttered than those on Strangers Almanac. Don’t Wanna Know Why is a case in point.
The basic skeleton of the song is drums, bass guitar, mandolin, acoustic guitar, electric guitars and keys. The mandolin is mixed left, the acoustic guitar right and there’s at least one electric guitar on each side of the stereo field. Adams’s lead vocal is centred, as are the bass and drums, and in the choruses there is a close harmony on the left (Mike Daly?) and a Caitlin Cary counter melody on the left. Within that, each player plays relatively simple parts, and Ethan Johns’s mix spotslights little character moments in turn: Cary gets her fiddle melody in the intro, the outro and after the second chorus, the mandolins (and possibly mandocello) comes chugging up in the back half of the same sequence, providing a lovely opposing texture to Cary’s fiddle and the guitar alternates Peter Buck-style arpeggios with glorious ringing open chords in the choruses.
With all that going on, Condos has no room for showboating. Her job was to hold down the bottom, fill out the sound and lock in with the kick. All of which she accomplishes easily. It’s the extra little things that make her playing on the song special. My favourite detail is the use of a passing melody in the chorus, to get from one chord to the next in a way that is interesting and pushes the song forward but that doesn’t detract from the other players or the vocal arrangement.
The change from C to A minor illustrates the technique. The kick drum is playing a Mick Fleetwood-style pattern (think Dreams), so Condos plays the root C locked in with the first three strokes on the kick, then – when you think she might descend to a B as a passing note down on her way to A – she actually plays a low E and comes back up to A through G. On A minor, she repeats the trick, going once more to low E, then back to A as a springboard down to G.
There are other cool details too (such as the lovely scalar melody Condos plays at the end of the second verse), but all of them are subtle and in the service of the song. This kind of musicality is what gets players like Jennifer Condos hired: the fine judgement about when a extra little push is needed and when it’s not, and the ability to judge whether their instrument is the best choice to provide it.
*If for no other reason than that Johns is the primary drummer on the album, and I’d guess he and Adams prefer tracking at least somewhat live.
This entry was posted in Music and tagged arrangement, bass guitar, bass players, Caitlin Cary, country-rock, Don't Wanna Know Why, Ethan Johns, Faithless Street, Give Some to the Bass Player, Jennifer Condos, mixing, Ryan Adams, Strangers Almanac, Whiskeytown on March 26, 2017 by rossjpalmer.
The Forgotten Arm was sold to the public as that most prog of things, a concept album: a story in song about two lovers, Caroline and John (a boxer with a habit – Caroline is defined by her reactions to John rather than her own personality), who meet at a state fair and leave Virginia together, only to find that John’s problems are travelling with them.
While the narrative is present throughout all the album’s songs – Mann is too disciplined a writer to drop her concept halfway through – the music that supports the text is far from prog. For The Forgotten Arm, Mann hired a new (for her) cast of studio pros and had them play mid-’70s roots rock in the style of The Faces and Lynyrd Skynyrd (or in the album’s softer moments The Band and Tumbleweed Connection-era Elton John). For some of these players, this sort of meat-and-potatoes country rock was second nature; guitarist Jeff Trott, for example, who made his rep on Sheryl Crow’s second album. Others were slightly removed from their usual sphere; fellow guitarist Julian Coryell is more associated with jazz than cowboy-chord rock.
At times the wailing guitar crosses the line from authentically 1970s into schlock, with the worst excesses come from Trott. On She Really Wants You, he sounds like a wind machine is blowing his hair. His solo on Dear John, which is similar in style, tone and technique, is even more stadium; the vibrato is so foot-on-the-monitor over the top you wonder whether Trott could possibly be being serious.
The Forgotten Arm does have some really good songs*. I’ve gone into bat on this blog for That’s How I Knew this Story Would Break My Heart, and I’m fond too of King of the Jailhouse, She Really Wants You, Going Through the Motions and I Can’t Get My Head Around It. Joe Henry’s production is, for the most part, spare and unobtrusive (that said, the wide-panned mixes of King of the Jailhouse and Going Through the Motions are love-it-or-hate-it stuff), and while the mastering is loud, the lack of steady-state noise in the arrangements means the songs mostly emerge unscathed, if a little misshapen. All in all, though, this is the least Aimee Mann-like album in her discography sonically, and while I can imagine Mann non-fans enjoying it, I doubt many of them got to hear it.
Many artists, when they have been making records long enough, reach a point where each new album is a reaction to the one before it, and much effort is expended in trying to correct the things that the artist didn’t like about the last one.
@#%&*! Smilers does not feature any electric guitar.
But that’s a story for another day. In the meantime, I’ll let you make of that what you will.
*On my way home I listened to the first couple of songs on The Forgotten Arm and what struck me was that while their verses and choruses are built – as the majority of Mann’s songs are – on repeating four-chord patterns over which Mann sings attractive but narrow-ranging melodies, the middle eights have chord sequences that seem to have been driven by the movement of the melody, giving the chorus more focus and punch when it comes back round.
In my own songwriting, I’ve usually felt that the strongest songs I’ve written have come when the melodies and the chords have either come to me at the same time as each other, or I can hear where I want the tune to go and have to work out what chords work best to support that movement. I’ve written decent songs when I’ve fitted a tune to a predetermined chord sequence (or riff that implied chord changes), but I’ve always felt that writing that way was essentially what rock bands do, and writing from the melody downwards was how “proper” composers write. Horribly snobbish, I know, but old prejudices die hard.
Anyhow, my hunch is that this aspect of Mann’s writing died away after The Forgotten Arm. I’ll look into this and see if it’s true. Yep, listening to songs while counting chord changes. The things I do… For now, it’s more of a side note, as the series of posts is more about engineering, mixing and arrangement than songwriting per se.
This entry was posted in Music and tagged 1970s, 2000s, Aimee Mann, arrangement, compression, country-rock, Dear John, electric guitar, Elton John, Going Through the Motions, guitar, guitar solos, I Can't Get My Head Around It, Jeff Trott, Joe Henry, Julian Coryell, King of the Jailhouse, Lynyrd Skynyrd, mixing, Rod Stewart, roots rock, She Really Wants You, Sheryl Crow, sound, That's How I Knew This Story Would Break My Heart, The Band, The Faces, The Forgotten Arm, Tumbleweed Connection on February 23, 2017 by rossjpalmer. | 2019-04-24T14:21:17Z | https://songsfromsodeep.wordpress.com/tag/mixing/ | Porn | Reference | 0.10128 |
newgrounds | Another quick painting. A soldier is seeking for a way back into his city that's covered in flames. This is the back entrance to the city, which unfortunately is just as overtaken with the inferno as the other entrances.
You do it so well man, don't ever stop with your art!
It makes you feel some sense of hope but despair like you know he'll do it but for now it seems there is no way in hell he will. Awesome job man!
when i seen this the first thing that i thought was that the man was a solider with a shiled and rifel so i feel like another pice of work u could try is more of a moudern one with soilders. but other wise this is a cool pic. | 2019-04-26T16:18:46Z | https://www.newgrounds.com/art/view/stunji/burning | Porn | Arts | 0.995663 |
xbiz | MONTREAL — Erotica X and Mile High Media have announced the release of "Internal Love 2," which is now available.
Directed by James Avalon, "Internal Love 2" features cover model Nina North, Anya Olsen, Sydney Cole and Lily Jordan, in four scene pairings including Seth Gamble, Charles Dera, Tyler Nixon and Michael Vegas. To download the box art, click here.
In addition to releasing “Internal Love 2” on DVD, all four scenes are available to members on Erotica X’s site, EroticaX.com. All content on EroticaX.com is 100 percent exclusive and filmed in HD. Each week, the site receives three updates — two HD photo sets and one HD video.
The movies are shot entirely on DSLR cameras and previews are constantly provided via the studio’s blog at Blog.EroticaX.com. | 2019-04-21T13:27:53Z | https://www.xbiz.com/news/215346/erotica-x-releases-internal-love-2 | Porn | Porn | 0.550932 |
tripod | Psst! Wanna buy a rainbow?
I finally found a crochet pattern that, for me at least!, really is mile-a-minute.... Its strip form just screamed "make a rainbow!," so, being the malleable creature that I am, I did.
Here's a pretty lame image of it -- I had to hang it over a door to get the picture!
Last updated: 24 August 2003. Page copyright 2003-2006. | 2019-04-25T12:53:03Z | http://clarasroad.tripod.com/afghan.html | Porn | Shopping | 0.917964 |
patratelurosu | 28 Oct 2013 EFN-bearing plant species, which are well known to entrust defence to ants .. Soil water content (%), 11.8 ± 4.9b, 13.5 ± 3.1ab, 17.9 ± 5.3a.
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field of high-precision ball bearings to manufacture high perfor- mance . Torlon, silver-coated aluminum bronze) are available on request. 100 Cr 6. Density. E-modulus Expansion. Hardness Temperature coefficient .. 8 19 6 13.5 3.175. 10 .. 220 89. 160. S 61902 E TA. SM 61902 C TA. 15 28. 7 21.5 3.969 13. 18.7.
Table 2 Boundary dimensions and bearing number of gyroscope bearings . (2) Provision of thin film of mild metal (silver or . 13.5 Bearing with integral shaft . Cr. C0r. TM203. TM303. TM204. TM304. TM2/22. TM3/22. TM205. TM305. TM2/28 .. 220. 157. 155. 765 000. 120JRF06. 220. 172. 160. 765 000. 120JRF07. 240. | 2019-04-24T18:12:12Z | http://www.patratelurosu.com/11539/bearings-CR-SIL-205%2A220%2A13.5-specification-in-Thailand/ | Porn | Science | 0.583736 |
wordpress | If you had a choice between shooting a nice 8 point whitetail or a banded duck which would you choose? For me and most avid waterfowl hunters that’s an easy question to answer a banded duck. Shooting a banded duck is something special that many waterfowl hunters never get to experience in their lifetime. Only a very small percentage of the waterfowl population is banded and an even smaller percentage of those that are banded get harvested. This is what makes a banded bird so special. When most hunters think of banded waterfowl however they immediately think of the shiny silver bands that go around the legs. This is only one of the many types of bands that are used to mark waterfowl. Neck collars, nasal markers, colored leg bands, web tags, patagial markers and radio/GPS trackers are other types of bands used to mark birds.
The most common type of band is the silver leg band that most waterfowl hunters are familiar with. A common misconception with these bands is that the bird was banded in Laurel Maryland because many of the bands say Avise Bird Band Laurel, Maryland. Laurel Maryland is the location of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) headquarters where all of the bird bands are issued from. From there individuals across the country band the birds and report the data back to the USGS. In order to get the location of where the bird was banded, how old it is and who banded it you must call the band in at 1-800-327-BAND. Many hunters, including myself, wear these bands on their call lanyards as a type of trophy just as a deer hunter might ride a nice set of antlers around in his truck. This type of band is made from aluminum and comes in different sizes depending on the type of bird that is being banded. The bands range in size from as small as a hummingbird band to as large as a size 14 swan band. Most hunters are familiar with mallard bands which are a size 7A. Other common bands are size 5 which are used on blue-wing teal and wood ducks. Doves, Quail and green-wing teal use a size 4 while Canadian geese use a size 8. Each year around 350,000 ducks and geese are banded across the United States and Canada. Of those 350,000 only about 88,000 are recovered each year. This means that each year less than 0.8% of all ducks and geese are banded and less than 0.2% are recovered.
The next most familiar band to waterfowl hunters are neck collars. Neck collars are made of plastic and are normally colored with a series of 3 or 4 letters, numbers or symbols. The different colored collars typically represent a different region in which the bird was collared. Orange collars are put on geese that come from the Canadian region of the Mississippi flyway such as Ontario and Manitoba while blue collars are used in the United States portion of the Mississippi flyway. Other common colors include white (typically Atlantic flyway), green (used in the Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana region) and red (used in the central and pacific flyways). Collars are used so that researchers can easily see and read the numbers on the collar with a pair of binoculars without capturing or killing the bird. This makes it easier to track the migration pattern of geese up and down the flyway.
In recent years many studies have been done using various types of radio telemetry and GPS. These devices are generally attached to neck collars and used in studies where waterfowl travel great distances. I was fortunate enough to be involved with one of these studies while I was an undergraduate at Michigan State University. We radio collared several Canadian geese and GPS collared 3 or 4 birds. The study was used to determine the molt migration patterns of the geese in the spring. Radio collars are several hundred dollars each while the GPS collars cost thousands of dollars each. We would track the movements of the geese several times a week both from the ground, by airplane and by satellite. After several months most of the geese had migrated up towards Hudson Bay in Canada and the graduate student in charge of the study finished his work by airplane in Canada.
Nasal markers are another type of band used by researchers to mark individual birds. They are typically made of plastic and are used widely in local breeding surveys. These markers typically have only two letters or numbers on them since the populations that are being studied are small. The two pieces of plastic are attached together with a wire or a piece of string through the nasal cavity. Since many ducks do not have nasal walls this is a non-invasive procedure. At the end of the study the ducks are recaptured and the bands taken off but obviously not all of them can be captured all of the time. I personally have not taken a bird with a nasal marker or know of anyone who has taken one. Since the connection between the plastic is either wire or string it is likely that many of the markers fall out within a year of being put in place. Now you may ask if these markers effect the survival of the ducks and the answer is no. Many studies have been done to look at the survival of ducks with these markers and it has been found that the survival rate non-marked ducks is the same as marked ducks.
Colored leg bands are used much in the same way as neck collars are used. They are larger than the average metal leg band but smaller than a neck collar. They have a series of 2 or 3 letters and numbers on them which is read easily from a distance. They are made of plastic and many times break off after only a few years. Snow geese are the most common waterfowl that have these types of bands but they are used on ducks and Canadian geese as well. Since snow geese breed in large numbers in the boreal regions of Canada, colored leg bands are much easier to read than other types of markers. Red, yellow and black are common colors used for these types of leg bands.
Web tags are used on waterfowl that are too young to receive traditional leg bands. Many studies that track growth and survival of ducklings use web tags to track the birds. Putting a leg band on a duckling can be very dangerous. Using a band that is to big will increase the chances of the duckling getting caught up in vegetation or debris which will in turn increase the mortality rate. On the other hand putting a band on that is to small will physically damage the bird when its leg outgrows the band. For these reasons a small metal clip is put into the webbing of the feet which has a number on one side to identify the bird and initials on the other to identify the bander. If the bird is recaptured as an adult a metal leg band will be added to accompany the web tag.
The last type of band used is a patagial tag. This tag is attached to the wing of a bird usually at the main joint in the wing. Although most of them are made of plastic there are some that are made of aluminum. The ones made of plastic are very visible and are commonly used on birds of prey but are also used on swans. Metal patagial tags are used in some types of waterfowl but are not very common. Typically only diving ducks are tagged with patagial tags and many studies have shown that these types of tags have a negative effect on ducks.
As you can see there is much more to banding than just the typical metal leg band. Each type of band has a specific use and therefore is utilized in different situations. Whatever the type of band they are all very important in studying the movements and migration patterns of waterfowl. Any time you see a bird with a band on it be sure to report it to the United States Geological Survey (USGS) center by calling 1-800-327-BAND or go to their website at www.usgs.gov. The next time you go hunting and the dog brings your duck or goose back, be sure to check not just for a leg band but for all types of markers.
This entry was posted in Mallard Project and tagged #scwa, #woodducks, bands, hunting, mallards. Bookmark the permalink. | 2019-04-20T08:54:31Z | https://scwaterfowlassociation.wordpress.com/2015/05/08/a-guide-to-waterfowl-bands/ | Porn | Science | 0.187092 |
wordpress | The story and lineage of Robert PEYTON and his wife Ann RUSH is on pages 75 and 76 of “PEYTONs Along the Aquia” by Edna Barney, 2004.
Does anyone know the names of the children of Philip Ballard. I believe that he is the father of Delpha Ballard who married Robert Cummins in 1795 in Albemarle? Also her relationship to William Ballard who moved to Monroe County WV in 1793 and was the progenitor of a large line of WV Ballards.
Carol – Philip Ballard is listed with six white souls on the first census of the United States, 1785, in Albemarle County, Virginia and I have come across a few land records for him. Others have credited with a number of Ballard children in Albemarle County, although I have not researched these. One was said to be Philadelphia “Delphia” Ballard who married Robert Cummings. I have no verification for this, so perhaps someone will post here a clue. I am interested in what you have about Delpha Ballard. Do you have any sources for information on her and her husband? As to William Ballard in West Virginia, I know nothing.
In census records and court records there are more children for Robert and Ann PEYTON since the publication of my genealogy book, “PEYTONs Along the Aquia,” where on pages 75 and 76, I gave a glimpse of their history and their one daughter Ann PEYTON. Ann married into the COCHRAN family and it was her son who left a bible record of the COCHRAN descendants of the PEYTONS Along the Aquia. | 2019-04-23T04:27:39Z | https://neddysnook.wordpress.com/2006/07/ | Porn | Kids | 0.616078 |
yahoo | VANCOUVER , July 16, 2018 /CNW/ - BlueBird Battery Metals Inc. (BATT.V) (BBBMF) (the "Company" or "BlueBird") is pleased to announce that recently a cobalt bloom rock specimen collected by the Yukon Government from the Batt Co-Cu Project in the Yukon, Canada assayed 1.16% Cobalt and 0.66 g/t Gold. The Company also wishes to announce that it will commence its summer 10-day exploration program at the Batt Project in early August 2018 .
"We are excited to commence the first detailed exploration program at the Batt Co-Cu Project since the 1960s. The recent high-grade rock sample averaging 1.16% cobalt, indicates the potential of battery metals at the project, noting it also re-confirms historical grades sampled over 50 years ago," commented Chairman and CEO, Peter A. Ball .
BlueBird's summer exploration program at the Batt Project will be comprised of property-scale mapping, soil and rock chip sampling, and a general reconnaissance exercise to evaluate the mineralized trend that has been identified across the claims. Multiple cobalt blooms occurences have been identified, with the one sample tested yielding the high grade cobalt result. Information gathered from the program will assist the Company in planning a potential larger exploration program, which may include ground EM or aeromag geophysical surveys, in the fall of 2018.
The program will be completed by the technical team from Strategic Metals Ltd. ("Strategic")(SMD.V). BlueBird entered into an option agreement in March 2018 with Strategic to acquire an 80% interest in the Batt Claims in the Yukon Territory , Canada.
"We have asked our exploration team to assess the possibility of a "Windy Craggy style" Copper-Cobalt VMS style deposit on the property. The Yukon Government has mapped a mafic volcanics/ sediment contact across the Batt property that may be prospective for that style of deposit," stated Alf Stewart , President of BlueBird.
The Property is located 70 km south of Haines Junction , Yukon and 16 km from the Haines Road at Dalton Post. The claims cover a prominent gossanous ridge where cobalt bloom has been reported in multiple locations. The project is located approximately 20 km north of the British Columbia border, where in 1967, minor historical exploration work completed identified a zone that is steeply dipping, north trending and about 3km long and 250m wide. Two historical grab samples collected assayed: 5.6% Cu, N/A Co, 0.4% Sb, 0.7 g/t Au, and 1.7% Cu, 0.65% Co, Sb N/A, 2.7 g/t Au, where sample 2 was very similar metal ratios as Windy Craggy. Batt claims re-staked in 1993 based on geological similarities to the Windy Craggy deposit with a historical (1991) Proven and Probable Reserve of 297.0 Mt @ 1.4% Cu, 0.07% Co (source Government of British Columbia MINFILE database).
The technical content of this news release has been reviewed and approved by Wes Hanson , P.Geo., a director of the Company and a Qualified Person pursuant to National Instrument 43-101.
BlueBird Battery Metals (TSXV: BATT; US: BBBMF) is a Canadian publicly listed company focused on the global exploration and development of strategic battery metals projects, primarily cobalt and nickel. BlueBird's goal is to pursue a business model that offers direct and long-term leverage to the price appreciation in nickel and cobalt, two principal materials in EV batteries. The Company plans to become a leader in the battery metals sector, as cobalt is currently in a global supply deficit, has a vulnerable supply chain, and is part of an emerging sector with extraordinary potential. BlueBird is advancing its portfolio of battery metals focused assets in Western Australia and New South Wales, Australia , and in the Yukon, Canada , and is currently reviewing new acquisition opportunities to add to the Company's project portfolio.
This news release may contain or refer to forward-looking information based on current expectations, including, but not limited to the Company exploring its properties in Australia or the Yukon , and the impact on the Company of these events, including the effect on the share prices. Forward-looking information is subject to significant risks and uncertainties, as actual results may differ materially from forecasted results. Forward-looking information is provided as of the date hereof and we assume no responsibility to update or revise such information to reflect new events or circumstances. | 2019-04-19T09:19:23Z | https://finance.yahoo.com/news/bluebird-announces-summer-exploration-program-123000982.html | Porn | Business | 0.683567 |
wordpress | Enter the world of Count Albritton. It is a world where magic and the supernatural are very real. Creatures of legend, sorcerers and other powers walk among us. As a paranormal investigator, Count helps people with supernatural problems the authorities are either unwilling or unable to deal with. It’s dangerous work. Luckily he has Kara, a beautiful guardian angel to help him.
Over the years, magic has grown weaker as mankind has made more and more technological advances. Many things that were possible in the past are no longer possible or easier to accomplish using technology. One man seeks to change all of that. He plans to bring back the golden age of magic. To do so means sacrificing the technology that mankind depends upon and unleashing horrors best left forgotten. Count isn’t about to let that happen. Even with the help of his friends, it’s a fight he isn’t sure he can win.
Who and what are the Incarnates? After an encounter with a stranger, Bethany is about to find out. The answer is just the beginning of her adventures as she is plunged into a world she never knew existed.
This edition includes the stories: Lovers, Old Flames, Roses, and Crossroads. These stories are set in the same world as the Count Albritton Series. As a bonus, this edition also includes the Count Albritton stories: Soulcatcher and The Case Not Taken.
A vengeful revenant and a double crossing wizard are just the start of Count Albritton’s problems. No one said being a paranormal investigator would be easy. Luckily, he has Kara, a beautiful guardian angel, and his friends to help him out.Grave Digging is a collection of four short stories featuring Count Albritton and his friends. These stories take place prior to The Gift of Fury.
For Count, strange messages and cryptic warnings are part of the job. Stuffing the bodies of two of his friends into a suitcase and dropping it off at his apartment certainly got his attention.Now, Count has a message of his own to deliver. You don’t get to kill his friends and walk away, but can even he resist the Hunger?
Count has made a lot of friends and enemies. Nerva is one of his closest and oldest friends yet a lot about the beautiful vampire is a mystery to him.
Under the Hunter’s Moon, some of her secrets will be revealed as vampires, hunters and wizards prepare to do battle.
I haven’t been writing or publishing the Count Albritton stories in chronological order. The series is written so that it can be read in any order. You can start reading at any point without being totally lost. That said, The Gift of Fury makes the best starting point since it’s the first story I wrote though Hunter’s Moon and The Hunger are much better reads. Also, you can pick up the Longest Road Vol 1. The omnibus includes: The Gift of Fury, Grave Digging, Hunter’s Moon, and several short stories.
The actual chronological order of the books is Hunter’s Moon, Grave Digging, The Gift of Fury, The Court of the Two Sisters, The Hunger, and The Price of Failure (to be released).
Some of the books include short stories and flashbacks that reveal events earlier in the series. For example, The Gift of Fury includes the bonus short story: The Path Taken. This story is set at the very beginning of Count’s career.
Below is a list of short stories and flash fiction featuring Count Albritton and where to find them at. | 2019-04-22T19:55:46Z | https://kyrin007.wordpress.com/count-albritton/?shared=email&msg=fail | Porn | Reference | 0.112154 |
wordpress | If you want to find out more about Africa-Gives or to get involved, fill in the form below. We will get back to you as soon as possible.
Academy Study Launch – ‘Mobilising resources for Africa: What role for young Africans in the diaspora?
What does Africa really give? | 2019-04-22T18:55:57Z | https://africagives.wordpress.com/contact/ | Porn | News | 0.295483 |
wordpress | The Met Office have issued a Yellow Warning of snow, for our area valid from 03:00 on Tue, 27th Feb 2018 until 23:55 on Tue, 27th Feb 2018 (LOW likelihood of MEDIUM impacts).
Showers or longer periods of snow will affect eastern parts of the UK during Tuesday.
There is the potential for travel delays on roads, with some stranded vehicles and passengers, as well as delays or cancellations to rail and air travel. Some rural communities could become cut off. Power cuts may also occur and other services, such as mobile phones, may be affected.
First Bus announce the first buses of a £71m new investment by 2020 will go into service 21st Feb for customers on the 1 (Holt Park –Leeds – Beeston) & 6 (Holt Park – Leeds).
This investment, in the first 34 of 284 buses by 2020, is a part of the Leeds Public Transport Investment Programme aiming to double passenger numbers in 10 years. The partnership programme will transform travel for the people of Leeds by tackling congestion and attracting more people onto public transport.
The new vehicles will be introduced gradually over the next few weeks as they arrive from the manufacturer WrightBus in advance of a wider corridor launch in April.
Further to the recent consultation exercise undertaken throughout the village.
No action will taken on changes to the Bar House/Old Pool Bank junction at this stage.
Highways still feel the A660 should have a Mobile Speed Camera on it, so far the Camera Partnership have said no.
The Highways Officer will compile a report to the Partnership.
The next meeting will be on Tuesday March 13th 2.00pm at Wharfedale Court. The speaker will be Chris Powell, the talk entitled ‘Trash to Treasure’.
Please go to the Pool news website to view the latest newsletter and results tables from PSSC. | 2019-04-25T13:59:48Z | https://poolinwharfedale.wordpress.com/newsletter/ | Porn | Business | 0.611508 |
livejournal | No doubts from The Bunny Digs - 'Bunny Bunny' please!
Bunny Bunny from me too.
Money Plastic Money. Dame Maddie would especially love this time of year!
She would. Although none of us knew her fursonally, we know all about her and raise a glass of carrot juice to her on one of her favourite times of the year.
I did, I did, on your previous entry. It's still "You're Bunderful" please.
You get worse, and stop using Freddie's picture, you can't fool me!
Hissssss. I keep forgetting. I am going to have to delete all those pictures of that floppy eared wimp!
You might find that you have a visitation from the rest of us intent on deleting you!
Done. I am the default. No more floppy lugs! Ha ha ha!
"Bunnies all run" for us please.
Hoppin' Around the Chris-Moose Tree from House of Rabbits and 12 Days of Chris-Moose from me!
We borrowed Daddy's plastic card to buy Live Hay'd dvd, so two more votes for " Money Plastic Money " please. | 2019-04-22T02:27:15Z | https://dandybun.livejournal.com/1040043.html | Porn | Shopping | 0.890936 |
starbulletin | 25. North Carolina 24-5, 15-4 ACC RPI 18.
on a completely different topic but it has pretty much the same page layout and design. Great choice of colors!
just great and i could suppose you are an expert on this subject.
near post. Thanks one million and please continue the rewarding work.
this blog loads a lot quicker then most. Can you suggest a good hosting provider at a honest price?
Thanks for finally writing about >Volleyshots – Hawaii News – Staradvertiser.com <Loved it!
Seriously.. thank you for starting this up. This website is something that is required on the internet, someone with some originality!
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Its like women and men don’t seem to be interested unless it is something to do with Girl gaga!
thanks for spending time to discuss this issue here on your website. | 2019-04-26T16:49:25Z | http://blogs.starbulletin.com/uhsportsextra/sunday-top-25-scores-and-a-look-at-the-top-25rpi/?replytocom=56838 | Porn | News | 0.901794 |
ust | Professor Huang received his BEng degree in Astronautics from Northwestern Polytechnical University in 1999, MEng degree in Automatic Control from Tsinghua University in 2002, and PhD degree in Aeronautics from University of Southampton in 2006, respectively. He was a Visiting Student in Microsoft Research Asia in 2000 (IMU hardware design); a Research Engineer in Control Laboratory of the GE Global Research Center in 2003 (wind turbine control); a Research Fellow and then a Lecturer in University of Southampton from 2006 to 2009. He joined Peking University in 2009, acted as Associate Head in Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics through 2014, and received tenure in 2014. He has received Edison Award of Technology of Excellence (GE 2003), ICBC Teaching Award (PKU 2012), Award of Excellent Young Scholar (NSF China 2013), Newton Advanced Fellowship (Royal Society 2015) and Boeing Teaching Award (PKU 2015). He has been a member of the editorial boards for J. Aeroacoustics and Acta Mechanica Sinica. Professor Huang has industrial and research experiences in aeronautics and astronautics and his current interest mainly focuses on aerospace related acoustic and control problems. Since 2009 he has managed 5 NSFC research projects as principal investigator, and completed about 10 aerospace industry projects in flight and flow control, acoustic imaging and vibration signal processing, and aircraft and aeroengine noise simulation and theoretical modeling.
Aeroacoustics; Wave; Flight and flow control. | 2019-04-18T15:10:00Z | https://www.mae.ust.hk/en/people/faculty/detail/huang-xun | Porn | Science | 0.983709 |
wordpress | The Showtime series “Dexter” paints a morbidly human and twisted portrait of a forensics sociopath, Dexter Morgan as he struggles to maintain the facade of social life while waxing his own kind of “private justice” through the elimination of those in need of a little “treatment”. This “private justice” also helps him quench his monstrous tendencies while giving him the satisfaction of his private cravings. That is to say, in this series, the character with whom we spend the most amount of time is a monster, a heartless precise killer caught in a balancing act between desire and restraint.
I recently wrote about Carl R. Rogers, opened up his idea of “false faces” and the need for one to come to terms with one’s many “faces” in the process of becoming a person. Later that day I was floored by “Dexter” as this show in particular focuses on the social mask as the viewer experiences the interior/exterior life of a humble monster.
Moreover, there is the character of “Harry,” Dexter’s father who taught him how to disguise himself and mentored him in the art of blending in. In one episode, Dexter refers to Harry as always being with him. The father-son bond between Harry and Dexter seem to be one of Dexter’s only feelings of true love. His relationship with his girlfriend at times comes to light for him as they partake in the games of everyday life, but still he wrestles with the gap between who he really is and who he knows he must be. Harry is the only person who truly knew Dexter and his cravings and Harry is, in my eyes, the only one that Dexter could truly love.
While watching this show, the mind may become disoriented. The character Dexter that we follow and listen to takes us into the dark spots of the mind, the sterility of his surgical chambers reflect his true inner life. His emotionless involvement are all the more unsettling as are the few things that seem to give him real joy, especially his fascination and love for blood. To emphasize with this kind of character puts the viewer in a vulnerable position as it moves from Dexter as pretending to be warm and friendly to Dexter as coolly vicious and alien. The viewer waits as the episode begins to find out who Dexter’s next evil victim will be. All along, we may forget the perverse interiority of Dexter. At times, he is like the Gnostic alien, the confused being confronted with the strangeness of the alien landscape, on the periphery yet immersed in the waters of sociality.
Dexter Season One is available for purchase through the US iTunes music store.
I think Harry’s Code has evolved into Dexters Code. Check out my blog! I’m a big Dexter fan!
Is there a bigger resolution for that picture? | 2019-04-20T05:30:30Z | https://eyeslitcrypt.wordpress.com/tag/study/ | Porn | Reference | 0.344139 |
wordpress | Hull FC 24-31 Castleford Tigers. Shades of 2009?
Tranby Ward Labour Party Street Event: Stop the VAT Rise!
Hull FC 18-6 Bradford Bulls. Ref Reform NOW!
Hull FC 14-18 Hull Kingston Rovers. Not Good Enough.
Hull FC 18 -22 Salford City Reds. Out of the Challenge Cup. | 2019-04-18T12:35:45Z | https://dermotrathbone.wordpress.com/category/rugby-league/ | Porn | Sports | 0.68539 |
tripod | The 93rd Evacuation Hospital - Member Poetry & Writings !
but it didn't bother me.
the hardest, it gets better with years".
'n safe in their homes.
maybe you saw me 'n turned your back.
I went to 'Nam to fight the fight.
my name is on file at "The Wall".
you didn't see my tears when you life did end.
I felt so helpless as I watched you die.
down in the delta - a hell of a bog.
I hope it helped them hold their ground.
I did my best to save their scalp.
risking my life to save another's neck.
we went to 'Nam with our "war craft".
our country called 'n we stood to pay.
If you have your own personal poetry or other writings you'd like published here, send them in!
Note: If your browser is not JAVA enabled, use the menu at the bottom of this page! | 2019-04-20T19:20:31Z | http://members.tripod.com/~msg_fisher/93poet.html | Porn | Arts | 0.960972 |
wordpress | St Pancras Old Church is of the oldest established in London. The altar houses a 7th century altar stone, and medieval fabric survives, although much of the visible church dates from 1848. It retains its rural character, where the River Fleet once flowed, surrounded by a Victorian park and historic burial grounds, including the tombs of John Soane, Mary Wollstonecraft and many others of note. These monuments, and the church itself, have survived the dramatic impact of the railway lines running through the churchyard, into and out of the train station that takes its name.
Ancient drains, however, threaten the longevity of this picturesque Grade II* listed building and the St Pancras Old Church appeal is being launched on St Pancras Day, May 12, 2013 to help raise funds. All money raised will go towards building new drains and securing the cracks in the stone walls. To support the Appeal, please join us at our series of talks on the history of this fascinating part of London given by leading historians and authors.
Friday, 17 May, 7 p.m.
Thursday, 6 June, 7 p.m.
Thursday, 13 June, 7 p.m.
Thursday, 12 September, 7 p.m.
Thursday, 10 October, 7 p.m. | 2019-04-24T18:45:20Z | https://spochistoryproject.wordpress.com/events/lecture-series/ | Porn | Arts | 0.526874 |
typepad | I'm moving my blog and EVERYTHING over to Squarespace. If you have a link to dblogala.typepad.com, you will need to change it to either www.dblogala.com or www.dawndsokol.squarespace.com or www.dawndsokol.com. If you are linked to www.dblogala.com already, no worries.
At the new spot, you'll find my professional, as well as my personal work. Details about my new book and my professional, as well as journal portfolios, are available! | 2019-04-25T04:18:06Z | https://dblogala.typepad.com/dblogala/2010/05/hasta-l.html | Porn | Reference | 0.423929 |
wordpress | https://kitchenscenesstudio.wordpress.com/curriculum-vitae/ I will no longer blog here. Please follow me on Instagram.
I am no longer peer blogging here. I make public peer posts on my Facebook page.
I have archived my WordPress peer posts on a new page, Archived Blogposts, which has two sub-pages, Asperger’s Peer Blog and Bipolar Peer Blog. Please note the Indices are still in progress as I have not figured how to internally link the titles to the posts.
Danny Germansen (Denmark). Mr. Germansen is showing INNER PROJECTIONS FROM A BROKEN MAN, a collection of video and film from the last 12 years of his life. This body of work was inspired by Danny Germansen’s own life with disability, depression, and mental breakdown.
“On TALES FROM THE DOWN BELOW OF SOCIETY.
As an ongoing problem in the industrialized world the human race gets more and more lonely and alienated. The world turns faster and faster and people are more busy than ever working, making career, making family, making money and having all the right material stuff and doing all the socially acceptable things that are the norm of society!
It is in this world where the sick and weak humans go under the radar and live outside society. They live on the edge of society in isolation, loneliness and alienation!
These film and videos by Danny Germansen show the humans who are down and out in society without the possibility of saving themselves! It is the mentally ill and physically challenged who are not able to follow the fast modern society!
No one thinks about these people. They are on their own, sometimes caught in a life full of pain. Some choose suicide as their last resort. | 2019-04-20T20:49:29Z | https://kitchenscenesstudio.wordpress.com/category/uncategorized/ | Porn | Society | 0.936326 |
wordpress | Such an appropriate message for today. God bless you!
Hmmmm. Many times, we abuse the blessings of God in our lives, as a result, pave way for the oppression of the devil. I am blessed by this post..
Very thoughtful post, Becky – thank you! | 2019-04-22T14:37:29Z | https://rebeccaluellamiller.wordpress.com/2017/02/06/and-then-there-was-peace-3/ | Porn | Reference | 0.302302 |
wordpress | Michael Spence is the first to formalize the signaling role of education.
The game plays out as follows. A firm wants to hire a worker for his ability, which can be high or low. Yet ability is the worker’s private information, unknown to the firm. For the same level of education, the more able the worker, the easier he can obtain that level.
The firm only knows that the proportion of the able workers is . However, it believes that higher education attainment is more productive, because he can obtain the same level of education at lower effort/cost/discomfort.
To get high wage, the high ability worker may obtain more education to ‘signal’ his ability. The lower ability worker, however, would refrain from so doing, because the pain of get that high education outweighs the happiness the higher pay can brings to him. In response, the employer will pay high ability higher wage, and low ability lower wage. Hence, in the labor market, education serves as a signaling device to separate workers; it may not necessarily improve ability. In this sense, over education can be socially wasteful, akin to advertisement.
For education to work effectively, the proportion of high ability worker cannot be too high. Otherwise, the employer may shut out lower ability workers altogether, and pay high ability workers only. | 2019-04-26T14:58:08Z | https://actions15.wordpress.com/tag/signaling/ | Porn | Games | 0.649094 |
wordpress | Community members at Magda Brown’s public talk on October 28.
Exactly one month ago, our community experienced a trauma that none of us ever expected. On Shabbat, a gunman walked into a local synagogue–a centrally located one that nearly every member of our Jewish community has some connection to–and murdered 11 innocent people. That day, we suddenly became the site of the largest mass murder of Jews in US History. It’s a distinction we never wanted.
It is impossible to find a single word to summarize October 27, 2018. Here at the Center, we have started calling it the “Ason,” a Hebrew word meaning “disaster”.
While we have always dealt with difficult topics and the consequences of unchecked hatred, there is something different about it happening in your own time, in your home. This experience has given our community membership to a sort of “club” that nobody would ever wish to be part of–the collective trauma and vulnerability that permeates your consciousness as you realize how easily your safety can be shattered by the horrific acts of a single, hateful individual. The sadness of full, beautiful lives that touched yours, in whatever tangential way, being snuffed out in a single, senseless moment.
Since the attack, we have received an outpouring of support and kindness from people and organizations across the world. Especially meaningful were donations and kind words from survivors of the Parkland shooting, with whom we now share a strange bond. It is one thing to read about shootings in the news; it is completely different when it happens in your own community. Weeks later, reading about the shooting in Thousand Oaks hit even deeper, as we understood more clearly the pain that the whole community feels when acts of hatred permeates our world.
So many organizations are doing good work to heal our community, but as we look forward, the question is how we prevent an event like the ason from ever occurring again.
Our commemoration of the 80th anniversary of Kristallnacht that took place on November 12.
Each community member and organization plays a part, and ours is education. We have always made the connections between the events of the Holocaust and the injustices of today, but we have now zeroed in on the importance of educating audiences of all ages about the roots of hate crimes and the importance of personal responsibility.
We also seek to remedy the startling statistics that have poured out within the last year: the 57% rise of hate crimes against Jews and the decline of memory of the Holocaust, with one fifth of American millenials saying they don’t even know what the Holocaust was.
If one individual can shatter the hearts of an entire community, then surely one individual has the same capacity for good. The difference is made through the education they receive. Since the ason, we have reached about 3000 people through assemblies, class visits, and public events to share our message. Our reach has been extending far beyond Pittsburgh; some of these people we have reached remotely via digital meetings with classrooms in other states. Our intention is to continue to maintain this high volume as we pursue our mission with a renewed sense of urgency.
The entire school of Franklin Regional gathered to hear our seminar on antisemitism, hate crimes, and personal responsibility.
It is a strange coincidence that the one month mark since the ason is also Giving Tuesday, a holiday all about giving to important causes in your community. It is hard to find the words to delicately stress the importance of remembering this, but we must. When we ask for your help supporting us, we do so with an urgent message in mind–the more support we have, the more programs we can offer, the more minds and hearts we can reach.
We do not want Pittsburgh to be thought of as the place where a hate crime occurred. Instead, we want to be the beacon of hope, light, and education. So many in our community have already done so much to move us toward that goal; we still have work to do. Please help us to do all that we can to be a part of this movement.
Examples of what your contribution can pay for. | 2019-04-19T12:59:35Z | https://hcofpgh.wordpress.com/2018/11/27/one-month-since-the-ason/ | Porn | Home | 0.500337 |
livejournal | Links completed unless I find the CD all of the files are saved to, then I might upload the rest.
I had mentioned to someone that I had several of the official Sims downloads for the original game (if it came in a later expansion pack for The Sims I didn't download it and save it to disc because apparently that can really mess up your game if you install them and they already exist in your game). Fortunately uploading the files to the free hosting site I use took no time since for a change our internet was working, but then it turns out it doesn't let you share folders unless you pay and I can't afford that (not able to work, no money to pay for things that are not essential), so this post has the files all linked directly, organized by which expansion pack you need installed in order to use, as far as I know.
Note on the Houses: You will need to install each house once for each neighborhood you would like it to appear in. I have always installed, opened game, gone to the first neighborhood it would be used in, placed, saved and exited game, installed again, repeat from open game, until I had the house in every neighborhood I wanted to use it in. All houses come with families!
Sweeping Stairs in Reverse (the one that it matches is in Superstar, but I believe it works with the base game).
If associated with a specific Expansion pack it will say in the game on the program.
Sims Face Lift - Gold version which means the whole program is in one download. I could never get this to work, so if anyone figures out how to make faces that aren't too big or too small, please let me know.
Sim Art Studio - make painting for your Sims to hang in their homes.
Sim Cop File - make sure downloads are working.
Sim Show - honestly can't remember what it does, haven't used the programs yet this go around.
The Sims Home Crafter - makes walls and flooring (I do plan to use this one eventually). | 2019-04-24T18:42:33Z | https://iliveforsleep.livejournal.com/64923.html | Porn | Games | 0.745754 |
wordpress | I’m not really into “bugs”, but when I do my macro photography they are the perfect subject.
This entry was posted on July 14, 2013 at 11:31 am and is filed under Uncategorized. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
You got some great shots- love the preying mantis doing the handstand!
Great shots ! Love the bees on the sunflower! And you reminded me, I saw a few stick insects here last year, I must watch out for them again.
Those are the cutest bumble bees I’ve ever seen! | 2019-04-24T06:06:32Z | https://dibear.wordpress.com/2013/07/14/sunday-stills-challenge-going-buggy/ | Porn | Reference | 0.225923 |
wordpress | James O’Hanlon has a cool post up right now on his website about the strange things that scientists do for science. It made me think about some of the weird things that I’ve done in the course of doing some of my research projects.
The first funny experience comes from when I was doing my Ph.D. I had discovered the enzyme that I work on, alternative oxidase (AOX), in animals for the first time using bioinformatics. I wanted to do some wet lab experiments in order to confirm that AOX was actually present in the DNA of an animal and that it was transcribed. At that time, I had AOX sequences from three animals: the sea squirt Ciona intestinalis, the nematode Meliodogyne hapla, and the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The sea squirt is an invasive species on the east coast of Canada, so getting my hands on tissue would have been tricky. The nematode is very tiny and a plant parasite, so that would have been a difficult sample to obtain. Pacific oysters are commonly eaten by people and I figured that would be the way to go. I called a wholesale seafood supplier to confirm the availability of Pacific oysters and drove about 1 hour to go and pick some up. When I arrived there were no Pacific oysters in the store front, so the owner had to take me into the warehouse to get them. It was pretty intimidating as this involved walking through several large pieces of plastic sheeting that separated the store front from the warehouse. I felt like I was in an episode of the X-files or a murder mystery and that I was being led to my doom. We got to the bin that was housing the oysters and the owner asked me how many I wanted. I figured that 24 oysters would get the job done. He started putting the oysters into thick plastic bags and we started chatting. Was I running a restaurant? Nope. (I guess that it’s unusual for individuals to buy 24 oysters at a time). Was I having a large dinner party? Nope. Well, what was I going to do with these oysters then? I said that I was a scientific researcher and that’s when things got weird. The guy completely panicked and started going on and on about how the oysters were safe to eat and were o.k. for human consumption. It turns out that he thought that I was a government scientist who was doing an unannounced, random inspection for the Canadian Food Inspection Agency! In retrospect it’s a hilarious story, but at the time I paid for my oysters and ran! The project was awesome by the way.
The second funny story is from my time during my post-doc. The university where I was working had a great arboretum (collection of trees) and I’d obtained permission to take leaf samples for a project that I was working on regarding the taxonomic distribution of AOX in non-flowering plants. When I went out to sample I used an ice bucket, lots of little tubes, scissors, etc. It would certainly look weird to anyone walking by. A few times I had curious people come up and ask me what I was doing and I enjoyed talking to them about my science. It was a great and unexpected opportunity to do some public outreach.
Head on over to James’ blog or follow the #strangethingsforscience hashtag to hear about some great science adventures! | 2019-04-24T00:54:16Z | https://aemcdonald.wordpress.com/tag/experiments/ | Porn | Science | 0.554427 |
wordpress | We are always moving and evolving. Just as the clouds linger for a while, they too slowly move and sometimes are in an unnoticeable motion. They never stay for too long.
It is comparable to a guest who we welcome into our homes or into our lives. We laugh, converse, grow and heal some aspects of ourselves while together. But at the prescribed time, we move on. All of us leave the gathering place feeling more hopeful and optimistic about things to come in our futures.
There is a sense of lightness. There are more perceptions and understanding. Everyone is moving on and evolving into feelings of greater wholeness. We evolve with higher levels of insight and depth.
Our purposes are clearer and our points of view have been expanded. We have unburdened ourselves to a degree through our fellowship and times of togetherness. Yet, we know when it is time to keep it moving and we gradually began to move our feet.
We follow the clouds lead and we move on as we surely evolve. We adhere to the lessons from those all-knowing clouds that temporarily hang just above our heads.
dixonl2014 on Filling Up Space!
vallypee on Filling Up Space! | 2019-04-26T01:49:09Z | https://dixonl2014.wordpress.com/2018/10/20/moving-evolving/comment-page-1/ | Porn | Reference | 0.493592 |
wikipedia | Michael Commons' Model of Hierarchical Complexity.
Jane Loevinger, Stages of ego development.
マリア・モンテッソーリ - sensitive periods of development.
Clare W. Graves' Emergent Cyclic Levels of Existence Theory.
ジュディス・リッチ・ハリス - Modular theory of social development.
Don Beck and Chris Cowan, Spiral Dynamics.
^ Grivas J. & Carter L. "Psychology for South Australia Stage I"
^ Lievegoed, Bernard (1997). Phases: the spiritual rhythms of adult life. Forest Row, GB: Rudolf Steiner Press. ISBN 1855840561. http://books.google.com.na/books?id=kHrpFamC7XUC.
^ Peter Laslett (1987). “The Emergence of the Third Age”. Ageing & Society (Cambridge University Press) 7 (2): 133-160. doi:10.1017/S0144686X00012538. | 2019-04-25T12:01:14Z | https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%99%BA%E9%81%94%E6%AE%B5%E9%9A%8E%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96 | Porn | Reference | 0.747241 |
wordpress | According to Annie Lobert, Oz Fox has returned to the hospital due to possible allergic reactions to the various medications he’s taking to prevent seizures.
“Oz Fox Update: Here we go again!
We are back at the hospital due to some possible allergic reactions to the meds!
Oz is lethargic, cannot talk (mouth full of sores) cannot eat (he is actually in ketosis—I tested him) and he has a massive headache that will NOT go away.
So again my friends, we need your prayers!
“Each time he said, “My grace is all you need. My power works best in weakness.” So now I am glad to boast about my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ can work through me.
Yes! And any insults about not having a lot of money for insurance…and even persecutions from certain people towards Stryper for doing shows without him?
We will be strong! Because my husband knows the truth—he works very diligently at playing guitar, he is not a slacker & he LOVES his Stryper fam & wants them to be successful no matter if he is there performing with or without them.
So please lift Oz again up in prayer—he is optimistic that he will be getting better & getting back to doing what he loves best…playing his guitar & performing on stage!
We also are very overwhelmed with the incredible response to the fundraiser to help us map out the medical bills that are pouring in!
Thank you from the bottom of our hearts—we are truely grateful more than you will ever know.” says Annie.
Stay tuned for further updates on Oz’s progress.
proverbs 3:1-8 reed.This is for OZ Fox.Praying for you Bro. | 2019-04-24T12:22:18Z | https://thepuremetalfan.wordpress.com/2018/08/17/new-ox-fox-health-update-from-annie-lobert/ | Porn | News | 0.423817 |
wordpress | « Just go vote McCain.
It’s from Basil at imao.us.
Then let’s get back to work rebuilding the party with real conservative principles and get the word out about what those are. Our country is going to need those principles, and real soon, I’m afraid. | 2019-04-19T22:33:51Z | https://jdwaggoner.wordpress.com/2008/11/05/you-should-read-this/ | Porn | Reference | 0.523194 |
imdb | Melanie Griffith is enjoying quality time with her daughter Stella Banderas in Aspen.
On Sunday, Griffith, 61, and her daughter, 22, with ex-husband Antonio Banderas, were all smiles as they stepped out in the popular Colorado town.
For the outing, Griffith opted for black leggings, snow boots and a black quilted coat. She paired the ensemble with rounded sunglasses and a black and gold Gucci crossbody bag.
Stella sported a similar look, wearing black pants, combat boots, a black puffer coat as well a black beanie. | 2019-04-20T17:24:42Z | https://m.imdb.com/news/ni62322004?ref_=m_nm_nwr1 | Porn | News | 0.366361 |
gratis6 | Welcome to Customer Service. Here you can find answers to potential questions and receive help to cancel your subscription, retrieve your lost password and much more.
Our phonesupport is open Monday-Friday 10-14. To ensure an efficient support process, please have your login ready. If you do not have your login, then use your email address or your card details. | 2019-04-18T18:30:51Z | http://kundeservice.gratis6.dk/en/ | Porn | Reference | 0.552494 |
wordpress | Was it ethical for the BBC to use a hidden camera in ‘The Secret Swami’?
It used it in the case of a highly elusive chairman of a world organization, Dr Michael Goldstein of Covena, California, that faces grave questions in India and many countries around the world.
The Sathya Sai Organization, despite many claims not to recruit or fund raise should certainly be scrutinized by a public and its government, political and institutional organs, which it most definitely cultivates at both peak and local levels.
Sanctions for the unusual use of hidden camera were obtained by the producers from top echelon BBC management and legals.
Despite the alarums and excursions of Dr G. Venkataraman (and informally allied Sathya Sai Baba proxy defenders on the Internet whose libels and slanders are deemed by top lawyers in three countries to be extreme, widespread and highly actionable), the BBC had every just cause to shoot clandestinely. The extensive lack of accountability, transparency and of Duty-of-Care were not only seen clearly by the BBC but have also been noted by other world leading, high quality media in several countries.
This entry was posted on June 6, 2008 at 8:39 am and is filed under Religion, Uncategorized, World Religions. Tagged: BBC justified in use of hidden camera, Dr Michael Goldstein, Duty-of-Care, Ethical, G. Venkataraman, hidden camera, libels, Media Source List, proxy defenders on the Internet, Seduced, Seduced By Sai Baba, slanders, The BBC's 'The Secret Swami', The Secret Swami. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site. | 2019-04-23T07:08:42Z | https://barrypittard.wordpress.com/2008/06/06/bbc-hidden-camera-in-secret-swami-ethical/ | Porn | News | 0.831638 |
google | This first focused treatment on a hot topic highlights fundamental aspects as well as technological applications arising from a fascinating area of condensed matter physics. The editors have excellent track records and, in light of the broadness of the topic, retain the focus on antiferromagnetic oxides.
They thus cover such topics as dichroism in x-ray absorption, non-magnetic substrates, exchange bias, ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic interface coupling and oxide multilayers, as well as imaging using soft x-ray microscopy.
The result is a very timely monograph for solid state physicists and chemists, materials scientists, electrical engineers, physicists in industry, physical laboratory technicians, and suppliers of sensors.
After obtaining his Ph.D. degree from the Politecnico di Milano in 1987, Lamberto Duò worked as a postdoc at the Surface Science Centre of the University of Liverpool, United Kingdom, on electron spectroscopies of metal alloys (1988-1990). He was then appointed as a staff scientist to the Physics Department of the Politecnico di Milano, where he subsequently became associate professor. Professor Duò worked on electron spectroscopies of highly correlated electron systems, spin resolved electron spectroscopies of magnetic systems with low dimensionality, and scanning near-field optical microscopy of magnetic nanostructures. He is the author of over 100 publications and is involved in various international scientific collaborations.
Marco Finazzi obtained his Ph.D. degree in physics in 1994. He was then successively employed as a scientist at research institutes in Paris, Grenoble, and Trieste. From 2001 on, he has been affiliated with the Physics Department of the Politecnico di Milano, where he has been teaching experimental physics and metal and semiconductor physics. He has been an Associate Professor at the Politecnico di Milano since 2005. Professor Finazzi's recent scientific activities focus on the study of magnetic and electronic properties of condensed matter through the application of spectroscopic techniques. He has published over 80 articles in international scientific reviews.
Franco Ciccacci was awarded his Ph.D. degree in physics from the Università di Roma in 1979. He then held various research appointments, among others at the IFF-KFA-Jülich, Germany (1980-82), at the Università della Calabria (1982-83), and at the Università di Roma Tor Vergata (1984-1987), before being appointed to a full professorship in physics at the Politecnico di Milano in 2001. Professor Ciccacci's research activities focus on surface physics, the production and detection of spin polarized electrons, electron spectroscopy from solids, also with synchrotron radiation and spin resolution, thin film magnetism, and nanostructured materials for spintronics. He is the author of over 130 papers published in international journals. | 2019-04-21T11:31:14Z | https://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN9783527408818&oi=book_result&hl=en | Porn | Science | 0.983204 |
wordpress | I’m going to pick MY New Year’s resolutions, not someone else’s. I’m happy and excited to see my friends’ resolutions to get healthier and stronger (complete with inspiring before and after pics), to finish creative projects, to get control of their finances, and so on. I really am. But just because these are your resolutions–and even if they are areas where I could use some reform, too–doesn’t mean they need to be mine. I need to focus on what I feel I need most, what is most feasible for me, and what is going to make the biggest difference in my life. We say it all the time, but we really do have to stop the comparison thing.
I need to see my goal. It’s a nice thought that I’ll remember it on my own, without writing it down–but it’s false. I need to write it down and put it somewhere I can see it if I want to have a prayer of actually following through.
I also need someone to keep me accountable. I get out of bed in the morning when I have a class or a meeting or I know someone will be waiting for me to show up. When I have no outside accountability…the bed wins. Every time. Accountability buddies are a real thing.
I will remember that my goals are important, but not markers of my value or my happiness. My worth is just as high now, before I’ve accomplished the things I want to, as it ever will be. I also choose to be happy and grateful for the life I have now, even as I work to make it better and more useful.
My goals will be things in my control. I can’t control the actions of others, but I can control how I respond to them. I can’t control (usually) what trials or challenges arise in my life, but I can control my attitude toward them. I can’t fully control my relationships with others, but I can control how I treat them. These seem pretty obvious, but it’s hard to stay motivated to work toward a goal if we measure success by outward results that we can’t really do anything about. So I need to find ways to measure my success based on my own choices, and not necessarily on “results” (unless those are results in my soul).
I still haven’t figured out what my resolutions are, but this is a start. It’s really empowering that we have the opportunity, not just at New Year’s but all the time, to change things about ourselves and our lives. We really are who we choose to be, and that’s daunting…but it’s also wonderfully exciting. Here’s to choosing to be better and happier this year! | 2019-04-22T02:31:06Z | https://christinahpaige.wordpress.com/2017/12/29/my-new-years-resolutions-for-my-new-years-resolutions/ | Porn | Health | 0.163335 |
wikipedia | The Kartvelian languages (/kɑːrtvɛlɪɑːn/; Georgian: ქართველური ენები, translit.: kartveluri enebi, also known as Iberian and formerly South Caucasian) are a language family indigenous to the Caucasus and spoken primarily in Georgia, with large groups of native speakers in Russia, Iran, the United States, the European Union, Israel, and northeastern parts of Turkey. There are approximately 5.2 million speakers of Kartvelian languages worldwide. The Kartvelian family is not known to be related to any other language family, making it one of the world's primary language families. The first literary source in a Kartvelian language is the Old Georgian inscriptions of Bir el Qutt, written in ancient Georgian Asomtavruli script at the once-existing Georgian monastery near Bethlehem, which dates back to c. 430 AD.
The Georgian script is the writing system used to write all Kartvelian languages, though the Laz language in Turkey is also written using a Latin script.
Georgian is the official language of Georgia (spoken by 90% of the population) and the main language for literary and business use for all Kartvelian speakers in Georgia. It is written with an original and distinctive alphabet, and the oldest surviving literary text dates from the 5th century AD—the only Caucasian language with an ancient literary tradition. The old Georgian script seems to have been derived from Aramaic, with Greek influences.
Mingrelian has been written with the Georgian alphabet since 1864, especially in the period from 1930 to 1938, when the Mingrelians enjoyed some cultural autonomy, and after 1989.
The Laz language was written chiefly between 1927 and 1937, and now again in Turkey, with the Latin alphabet. Laz, however, is disappearing as its speakers are integrating into mainstream Turkish society.
Mingrelian (მარგალური ნინა, margaluri nina), with some 500,000 native speakers in 1989, mainly in the western regions of Georgia, namely Samegrelo and Abkhazia (at present in Gali district only). The number of Mingrelian speakers in Abkhazia underwent a dramatic decrease in the 1990s as a result of heavy ethnic cleansing of the Georgian population, the overwhelming majority of which were Mingrelians. The Mingrelians displaced from Abkhazia are scattered elsewhere in the Georgian government territory, with dense clusters in Tbilisi and Zugdidi.
Laz (ლაზური ნენა, lazuri nena), with 22,000 native speakers in 1980, mostly in the Black Sea littoral area of northeast Turkey, and with some 2,000 in Adjara, Georgia.
The connection between these languages was first reported in linguistic literature by Johann Anton Güldenstädt in his 1773 classification of the languages of the Caucasus, and later proven by G. Rosen, Marie-Félicité Brosset, Franz Bopp and others during the 1840s. Zan is the branch that contains the Mingrelian and Laz languages.
On the basis of glottochronological analysis, Georgi Klimov dates the split of the Proto-Kartvelian into Svan and Proto-Karto-Zan to the 19th century BC, and the further division into Georgian and Zan to the 8th century BC, although with the reservation that such dating is very preliminary and substantial further study is required.
The older name "South Caucasian" is no longer much used, as it derives from the idea that Kartvelian is related to the Northwest Caucasian and Northeast Caucasian languages, a position which is no longer maintained.
No relationship with other languages, including the two North Caucasian language families, has been demonstrated so far. Some linguists, such as Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze, have proposed that the Kartvelian family is part of a much larger Nostratic language family, but both the concept of a Nostratic family and Georgian's relation to it are not considered likely by linguists.
Certain grammatical similarities with Basque, especially in the case system, have often been pointed out. However, the hypothesis of a relationship, which also tends to link the Caucasian languages with other non-Indo-European and non-Semitic languages of the Near East of ancient times, is generally considered to lack conclusive evidence. Any similarities to other linguistic phyla may be due to areal influences. Heavy borrowing in both directions (i.e. from North Caucasian to Kartvelian and vice versa) has been observed; therefore, it is likely that certain grammatical features have been influenced as well. If the Dené–Caucasian hypothesis, which attempts to link Basque, Burushaski, the North Caucasian families and other phyla, is correct, then the similarities to Basque may also be due to these influences, however indirect. Certain Kartvelian–Indo-European lexical links are revealed at the protolanguage level, which are ascribed to the early contacts between Proto-Kartvelian and Proto-Indo-European populations.
The Kartvelian languages classify objects as intelligent ("who"-class) and unintelligent ("what"-class) beings. Grammatical gender does not exist.
Stem: ǯveš- (Min.), mǯveš- (Laz), ʒvel- (Geo.), ǯwinel- (Svan) – "old"
Kartvelian verbs can indicate one, two, or three grammatical persons. A performer of an action is called the subject and affected persons are objects (direct or indirect). The person may be singular or plural. According to the number of persons, the verbs are classified as unipersonal, bipersonal or tripersonal.
Unipersonal verbs have only a subject and so are always intransitive.
intransitive if the object is indirect.
Tripersonal verbs have one subject and both direct and indirect objects and are ditransitive.
Subjects and objects are indicated with special affixes.
neutral—neutral with respect to intention.
^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Kartvelian". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
^ a b c Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th edition (1986): Macropedia, "Languages of the World", see section titled "Caucasian languages".
^ Allan R. Bomhard, John C. Kerns. (1994) The Nostratic Macrofamily: A Study in Distant Linguistic Relationship.
Lazuri Nena – The Language of the Laz by Silvia Kutscher.
The rise and fall and revival of the Ibero-Caucasian hypothesis by Kevin Tuite (Université de Montréal). | 2019-04-18T18:52:51Z | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karto-Zan_languages | Porn | Business | 0.304393 |
wikipedia | The 2011 ADAC Zurich 24 Hours of Nürburgring was the 39th running of the 24 Hours of Nürburgring. It took place over June 25–26, 2011. 135 out of the 202 starters were classified.
With Corpus Christi weekend being rather late in 2011 on June 23–26, the 2011 event was held two weeks after the 2011 24 Hours of Le Mans. The first five VLN races of 2011 were won by a factory-entered BMW, a GT3-class Mercedes SLS, a new Ferrari 458, the Hybrid Porsche GT3 and finally an Audi R8 LMS, so at least these five different brands were expected to challenge for the overall win in the 24 hours. In the first qualifying session, the Hankook-sponsored Farnbacher-Ferrari used soft tyres and was about 7 seconds faster than the competitors, lapping at an average speed of over 181 km/h, the fastest since 1983. This earned the team the pole position, but also an extra weight of 25 kg in the pre-race update of the ‘Balance of Performance’. Team Manthey decided to find out in the early stages of the race which class was more effective under the current conditions, entering their four Porsche factory drivers on two yellow and green Porsche 997 GT3: two pilots shared the #11 SP9/GT3-spec ‘R’, which had more power and qualified 8th, two others the #18 SP7/GT2-class ‘RSR’, which had more downforce, but was only 16th on the grid. After a few hours in changing weather conditions, the team retired the ‘R’ to focus on the ‘RSR’ which already had won three times since 2007. Without any problems, it went on to win its fourth Nürburgring 24 Hours, with a new distance record of 156 laps. Second place was taken by another GT2-spec car, the #1 factory BMW M3 GT which had won in 2010. Five GT3 cars of Audi and Mercedes followed. The SP8/GT2-class #2 Ferrari had run into early problems, but set the fastest race lap in the final hours, finishing 8th and James Glickenhaus’ P4/5 Competizione finished 39th, second in the E1-XP2. After 2010 Sorg Rennsport took the victory in class SP4 again. Gianvito Rossi, Diego Romanini, Alfredo Varini and Alexander Rappold have been the only team in that class, but as it has been the first 24h race for Rossi and Rappold the 122 laps they did and final 78th place overall have been great result!
^ "39. ADAC Zurich 24h-Rennen: Preliminary list of participants" (PDF). 24 May 2011. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
^ "39. ADAC Zurich 24h-Rennen: Official Race Results" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 February 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
^ "39. ADAC Zurich 24h-Rennen: Official Race Results-Class" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 28 April 2012. | 2019-04-26T12:34:16Z | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_24_Hours_of_N%C3%BCrburgring | Porn | Sports | 0.407557 |
wordpress | They shall perish, but thou shalt endure: yea, all of them shall wax old like a garment, as a vesture shalt thou change them and they shall be changed.
about all things domestic. Do you fancy coming along?
typing out all my posts.
But you haven’t published anything for over a week.
busy. However, if you like I’ll post an old knitting poem.
Yes, do, said Brassica- I think, sincerely.
resuscitating the obsolete, tethering all the tricks of transmutation.
secured in a cat’s cradle of familial connection.
paralysing her kin by invisible cords of love.
Atropos*** snipped her thread and cast her off discretely.
Turned over, we made sense of her designs.
**Clotho- spinner of the thread of life. The youngest of the Fates.
*** -‘the inevitable’- the fate who cut the thread of Life.
form room to take the register.
Sir! Guess who Boothroyd-Smythe is meant to be?!
Nigel paused and immediately the class sank into their seats, as one.
through the glass porthole of the classroom.
Sir! They were quieter now, but still fizzing with exuberance.
knew that he was being sucked into a black hole.
Sir, don’t you know who Caitlyn Jenner is?
Nigel couldn’t say that he did.
What about the Kardashians? Sir!
Nigel wondered if they were assault rifles. Settle down!
He handed Boothroyd-Smythe a Wet One.
Wipe that lipstick muck off your mouth before Assembly! he ordered.
and they didn’t mean their grammatical limitations re/ the subjunctive.
Sir! Did he change back then?
He did indeed. Ita vero.
A glare! A hand went up.
in-ha!- congress and whacked them-thus!
I’m afraid I wouldn’t like to say, sir.
Battle of the Sexes will never be won. Lesson Numero Duo.
Boothroyd-Smythe shuffled in his chair and looked at the clock.
Black Sea – a fate suffered by Naso, or a poet also known as-?
all over the news like a rash.
and pay a fine toward Curs in Crisis.
publications, so he took a look at the editorial.
Snod had no wish to take on the mantle of a Messiah.
elevate the status of teaching and to ease staff shortages.
Gus slurped some lukewarm tea. A second profession! he snorted.
work. They should try having 2C on a Friday afternoon for a double.
after-effects of too much steamed pudding and an inactive lifestyle?
interesting educationalists‘- not now, nor in the future.
compelling account of pigeon infestation in a school roof.
have got out of teaching.
Teachers should be consumers of curricula, not their designers.
If Snod could pinch someone else’s lesson material, then all the better.
of authority that- sadly- teachers did not possess, then she was deluded.
time as wanting it to be over.
But perhaps the Baroness had been spared such experiences.
or ‘White Duck‘ as she was precisely known.
Not for me metaphor’s limitations.
I was once bound to the king’s betrayer.
A lie had thrown his Master off the scent.
It was reported that I was quite drab.
But the concupiscent wolfhound tracked me down.
Royal eyes didn’t have wool pulled over them.
appraise me as a type of Bathsheba.
his screams masked by the baying of the pack.
I’d willed that he should turn into a stag.
And maybe now he rides with The Wild Hunt.
It’s said their hooves don’t even touch the ground.
Aethelwold was the phantom in our bed.
I bore Prince Aethelred then Edgar strayed.
about Uriah, Nathan and David.
Prophets really know how to rub it in.
Sometimes I watch a deer drink from a pond.
I hear its groan and see it torn by hounds.
into this stream and see my nemesis?
she would not beat her son with a candle.
for the company of his step-brother.
an Abbess in a penitentiary.
but leaving no trace to those who follow.
If only I’d seen the wood for the trees. | 2019-04-25T20:18:39Z | https://candiacomesclean.wordpress.com/2015/06/ | Porn | Games | 0.072069 |
wordpress | The First Time I Put My Thoughts Out There For The World To See.
I wrote the guest submission back in September 2014 for an amazing site. I was so scared. I had never put my thoughts to paper like that, what if people left me mean comments? What is NOBODY read it (EEEKKKK)? I decided screw all that and submitted the article below. I just re-read it before posting and I’m still extremely proud.
Women’s Rights in America…..we’re not done yet.
This has been a dream for me for some time and who knew I could achieve it for free?!?!
I guess you probably want to know a little about me. I’ve from Las Vegas, NV. Born and raised…..weird right. No I’ve never been a stripper, I don’t work in a casino and I don’t visit the strip unless I’m forced to by family or a book convention. I’m a HUGE Book Whore and run a page on Facebook dedicated to all Book Whores https://www.facebook.com/groups/ReadDirtyToMe/. That’s right whores, because it’s a cool word and I will flaunt my whore nature for all to see! I have a serious addiction to Dr. Who (David Tennant, I love you!) and watch it over and over again on Netflix. I blame Netflix for making it so damn easy to binge watch anything I can think of…..cough, cough, Top Gear, Sherlock.
I’ve been married to an awesome dude for 10 years and he’s been stuck with me for 15 years total. I love him more than is probably healthy but when someone gets you so well you smother them with love am I right…..do I hear crickets? We have a beautiful 13 year old cat, yep cat name Pliskin. He’s 19lbs of precious, man-loving fur and I adore him.
When not binge watching shows or smothering my husband I’m usually reading. I’m mostly a paranormal fan but will branch out just to keep it fresh. I hope to overload you with reviews so be prepared.
I guess that’s it for now but not for long! | 2019-04-21T12:48:33Z | https://lizajanechronicles.wordpress.com/tag/lizajane/ | Porn | Home | 0.571993 |
wordpress | You know, I’m not sure what did more damage to L.A. in this flick: the earthquake, or the scenery chewing done by the majority of the cast. The levels on the Richter Scale were about even, after all, making it too close to call.
When Peter Lawford first approached Frank Sinatra about making Ocean’s 11, as the legend goes, Sinatra told him they should forget about the movie and just pull the heist off instead. Made at perhaps the absolute zenith of the Martini Machismo era they helped to create and define, the film had to be shot piecemeal around the collection of stars’ scheduled live performances — most notably Sinatra’s legendary run at The Sands, where his fellow Rat-Packers often joined him for what would eventually come to be known as The Summit. And in perhaps the ultimate meta-moment in screen history, as the film ends, Ocean’s crew moseys reflectively down a sidewalk with The Sands marquee visible behind them, emblazoned with its headlining act. | 2019-04-23T10:10:38Z | https://scenesfromthemorgue.wordpress.com/tag/all-star-cast/ | Porn | Reference | 0.745829 |
yahoo | ISTANBUL (Reuters) - Turkey has reversed its decision to ban a German journalist from leaving the country while she awaits trial on charges of being a member of a terrorist organization, the journalist said on her Twitter account on Monday.
Mesale Tolu confirmed on her Twitter account German media reports that the travel ban Turkish authorities imposed since she was released from prison in December after eight months in detention had been suspended.
"As a result of my lawyer's application, my ban on traveling abroad has been lifted," Tolu wrote on her Twitter account in Turkish. "My prosecution will continue on Oct. 16."
Germany has demanded the release of several of its citizens, some of Turkish origin, as a necessary step to improve ties with Turkey.
Relations between the NATO partners soured after Germany condemned Turkey's arrests after a failed 2016 coup of some 50,000 people, and the suspension or firing of 150,000 others, including teachers, judges and soldiers.
Eight German citizens are being detained in Turkey on political grounds, including one arrested last week. Turkey has also arrested several U.S. citizens.
Germany has urged Turkey to improve ties with the United States and Germany, which would ease an economic crisis sparked by a sharp fall in the lira. | 2019-04-23T09:19:57Z | https://www.yahoo.com/news/turkey-lifts-travel-ban-german-journalist-065518155.html | Porn | News | 0.857481 |
wordpress | Were you selling as a kid? As a teenager?
I learned 3 selling lessons from my teenage and college days that I still use today.
My father taught me the first lesson. My parents had just bought the local grocery/convenience store in our little town, and at 14 I was working the cash register. A customer was unloading their basket for me, and I asked “Is this it?”.
Phrasing the question differently helped add impulse sales and forgotten items to the typical sale.
Years later, I had a commission-only summer job, selling ice cream from a bike, similar to the one in this picture. It was a simple proposition. Ride the (heavy) bike to a place with people, ring the bells on the handlebar, and wait for customers. Mostly kids, sometimes outdoor workers.
The first part of my route started in an office park. No outdoor workers, everyone in offices, no one could hear my bells. In prior years, the sales rep would do a cursory ride through, then head to a residential area. But I decided that office workers in summertime would be bored, and happy to have a treat. So I created a new procedure.
I went to each building and told them I would be there the next day and every weekday, at exactly the same time. I would walk into the lobby to let them know I was there, and I would wait for some number of minutes.
And it worked. Office workers are just like everyone else: they like ice cream. They just needed someone to sell it to them in a way that accommodated them.
The next summer, I took a job selling cellphone service to small businesses. Cellular was pretty new back then. We learned a script for cold-calling. Part of the gimmick was to call using cellphones, so we could introduce how good the call quality was. Except it wasn’t. And it was killing sales. So I went home, to make my calls from there. And the quality was even worse. But I lived a long drive from the businesses I was calling, and it turns out that having any service at all in my area was a selling point for some of them. So I started making all my calls from home, told them where I was, and talked about how even as far away as my town, coverage was still possible. I didn’t set the world on fire with that job, but I learned my lesson: selling scripts are made for the typical situation, not your situation. | 2019-04-24T18:17:33Z | https://deanwaye.wordpress.com/2013/10/01/my-3-earliest-sales-lessons/?shared=email&msg=fail | Porn | Business | 0.627799 |
wordpress | The bustling, vibrant culture of Isla Paradiso subsided surprisingly quickly into what immigrants of the islands referred to as the ‘cold season’. After all, having experienced much harsher conditions, ‘winter’ seemed far too strong a word for his strange state, yet calling it anything else would seem simply incorrect.
Call it what you want, but the effects remained very much the same and however undeniably this may have seemed all an extra bother, one constant remained. His name was Zeus Aegis.
While everything else slowed down, little Zeus did nothing but speed up; his raw thirst not so much for knowledge as it was for energy and movement. That was not to say, of course, that the young lad wasn’t in any way intelligent – because indeed he was.
And although his family hung on his every mispronounced word and pandered to his every need, it was fair to say his nature had its flaws; most especially to his parents, whose busy schedules rendered them unable to keep up with his antics.
Or, at least, that was certainly how it felt that day.
The toddler stopped in contemplation, his eyebrows furled so much they almost obscured his bright blue eyes, before, as toddlers generally do, re-occupying himself with something that at that time must have seemed much more interesting.
A sudden chilling breeze blew across the flat lawns of the park, so strongly that it was heard quite clearly over the incessant blare of Snowflake Day music; yet the once luminous array of flora stayed stone still in its icy coat. The equally frozen blanket of grass did too, leaving only the crushing imprints of footsteps.
Although Zeus’s cognitive abilities were not so developed as to understand, let alone track, the confusing and rapid exchange of simlish conversation, he eyed the woman who talked with his mother curiously. Names (other than ‘mama’ and ‘dada’) naturally mean little at such a young age; though his mother knew this woman as Persephone Han, the wife of Alex’s boss, and a very close companion.
He watched hopelessly unaware as the two continued to smile and giggle and celebrate. This was, in itself, hardly out of the ordinary. His short memory failed to locate a situation in which a genuine smile did not rest on his mother’s pretty face, the face that continued to love and care for him since the very day of his birth. It was just the fuss she made over Rhea’s (somewhat growing) stomach that might have seemed a little strange to any sim under the age of five.
Warm, comforting arms distracted little Zeus from his train of thought, and another very familiar face filled his vision, with the same blonde mop of hair and sky-blue eyes. His father’s long fingers proceeded to tickle him as relentlessly as always; leaving, as much as he’d like to fight back, Zeus weak with wracks of laughter.
He listened intently between his play to his parents talking with the same excitement that had been present in their voices for some time. And, although he recognised this, he remained unknown of its source and the change it would bring.
After all, there were many more important things for a toddler to think about.
Zeus seems like a little cutie. | 2019-04-24T18:07:09Z | https://theaegislegacy.wordpress.com/2014/09/21/1-7-a-to-z-2/ | Porn | Kids | 0.888916 |
typepad | It was so good it was almost surreal, like a sweet dream gently nudged into wakefulness by the rooster's crow. The dream was fluid, the conversations were lucid and uninterrupted by the needs of the small people, unencumbered by The List that always barks at me from the sidelines like an over-zealous basketball coach.
In the dream, I was surrounded by my people. Friends who understood my passions, my ideals, and my reality. The food - oh, the divine food - which was summoned forth with nothing less than a magic wand at each and every meal, and dishes which were spiffied up by the dish faeries that don't seem to live near my house - it was certainly a dream, wasn't it?
Yes. A dream for which I am very grateful to have experienced. I am so thankful that I have a partner who fully supported me in this time of creative renewal, and who, along with my parents, surrounded my boys with love and much fun during my absence. Patrick had even done all the laundry while I was gone. Some sort of superdad, right? Mind you, it did take me a day to clean up after all of their fun, but at least we all had clean clothes!
I didn't realize until I returned home how very few photos I took while there. I was just enjoying myself and didn't think about documenting it. You can get a sense of the surroundings from Amanda. Here are just a few of the things that I made - a spray that now resides in my herbal first aid kit, made under the tutelage of the gentle Holly Bellebuono, and Mama Acorn and Baby Sapling, made during my class with the spunky Phoebe Wahl.
How I love Phoebe's work! I've saved all of her illustrations that have appeared in Taproot - you can see some in our studio in this photo. I purchased her kitchen print at the Squam Art Fair and promptly put it up in a frame in our kitchen when I returned home. Finn said to me that very evening,"Mama, I love looking at that picture. I love how the little girl is playing while her Mama is making her cookies." To me, that means two things: first, Phoebe has succeeded in creating a piece of art that is warm and inviting for all ages, and second, that Finn wishes that I'd make more cookies for him. Noted.
I have a new crafting obsession - creating soft, posable figures around wire armatures. This doll is totally hand sewn and utterly spontaneous in her formation. She kind of emerged from my hands as her own little self, inspiring the kind of quizzical awe that mothers feel after birthing their child. "Oh, it's you who has been in there this whole time - I made you, but I didn't have a hand in any of these details. You turned out pretty darn cool regardless."
I'm now equipped to make little animal soft sculptures, too. (Fingers crossed.) I'm thinking a mobile for baby girl might be nice. Finn has already put in his request for a dinosaur.
Here I am at home again. Awake, and enjoying it. Squam was a rejuvenating and inspirational dream come true. | 2019-04-19T14:50:06Z | https://sewliberated.typepad.com/sew_liberated/2013/09/looking-back-on-squam.html | Porn | Kids | 0.253485 |
yahoo | Popular Bollywood mehendi artist Veena Nagda has been a part of several high profile celebrity weddings over the years. The lady keeps posting pictures of herself at various Bollywood weddings on her social media. Recently, she posted a throwback picture of herself with Saif Ali Khan at a celeb wedding and also in the pic is a very young Sara Ali Khan. Veena’s post with the message “Father and Daughter” has now grown viral on social media.
Sara Ali Khan who is basking in the success of her second film Simmba is yet to officially announce her next film.
For now here’s a look at Sara’s throwback pic with dad Saif Ali Khan.
Sara and Saif Ali Khan with popular mehendi artist Veena Nagda.
. Read more on Celebrities by The Quint.RSS & BJP’s Nehru-Netaji ‘Cosplay’: Irony Dies a Thousand DeathsTop Entertainment News: Farah Khan to Direct Rohit Shetty Film . Read more on Celebrities by The Quint. | 2019-04-20T13:30:19Z | https://in.news.yahoo.com/yes-throwback-pic-sara-ali-042109320.html | Porn | Arts | 0.53921 |
typepad | From Gary McWilliams at the Wall St. Journal, here's a nice round-up of social groups formed around toys and electronic gadgets.
Weaving social networks around electronics products -- once just for hard-core gamers -- is going mainstream.
By offering events and dedicated Web sites, product developers are hoping to create communities of enthusiasts who otherwise might not find one another. The ultimate goal is to build buzz -- and sales.
The movement emerged from PC role-playing software such as Quake, made by id Software Inc. of Mesquite, Texas. As these programs moved from early single-player games to multiplayer and local-area-network versions, players started to compete against one another and hold so-called LAN parties where groups plug into a network and do battle. In 1996, id Software started an annual competition that attracted 150 players. Last year, some 5,000 players showed up.
Now, mainstream retailers are getting in on the action. Japan's Nintendo Co. hosts online chats with its game developers in addition to allowing customers to post reviews of its games.
After it noticed kids were tuning their radio-controlled cars with custom wheels, suspensions and running lights, RadioShack Corp. hosted a radio-car Web site and sponsored a national racing competition around its Xmods cars last summer. Its Web site is a gathering place for owners to swap tips on customizing and racing cars. Enthusiasts also use the site to recruit for racing clubs.
Sony holds Aibo days almost once a month at its retail stores, allowing owners of its Aibo robotic dog to gather and show off their training skills.
You will have to register to read this story by Karl Vick in The Washington Post, but don't miss it. I love stories about people who 'bounce back' when faced with adversity.
Link: Even in the Wake of Suicide Blast, 'They Didn't Want to Go Back Home' (washingtonpost.com).
Nawar Khadim Ahmed had gone home after seeing the man explode as he raised his arms. By 3 p.m., he was back to vote, carrying his 2-year-old daughter, Noor. "We have to bury this chaos now and form a government," he said. "This is the time that we make a stand."
The Most Innovative Merchandiser in the Country: 7-11?
Link: Business 2.0 :: Magazine Article :: Features :: 7-Eleven Gets Sophisticated.
As it happens, 7-Eleven has an underappreciated history of innovation dating back almost 80 years. In 1927 it invented the concept of convenience stores, when an employee at Southland Ice in Dallas started selling milk, eggs, and other sundries to customers dropping by to replenish their iceboxes. Recognizing that refrigerators would soon kill Southland's ice business, president Joe C. Thompson moved to capitalize on demand for convenience by opening a chain of stores that would stay open from 7 a.m to 11 p.m. The concept was an instant hit. By 1980, 7-Eleven had more than 6,000 outlets and had pioneered other ideas that are now commonplace, like 24-hour service and coffee to go.
Over at Business 2.0, Eric Hellweg reminds us that Bob Hurwitz has a license to innovate for Warner Music Group at the Nonesuch label, which is bucking the industry trend with growing revenues.
At the web site, you can listen to the tradition 30 second snippets or load Nonesuch radio and just float along with complete songs from David Byrne, k.d. lang, the Buena Vista Club or many others.
Link: Business 2.0 :: Magazine Article :: What Works :: The New Maestro.
Stray impressions are not one of the places from which ideas come. But they do have a role to play. They are about the “departure” on which creativity depends. They persuade us that things can be other than they seem. They persuade us that we can occupy these alternatives, because for a second that’s what we’re doing. Stray impressions act like that revolving stage at the MET. They deliver. Now we have proof that the conventional scheme of things is not necessary, inevitable, or lasting.
Link: Boing Boing: A Directory of Wonderful Things.
Steven Johnson (author of the fantastic Mind Wide Open and other books) has written a fascinating essay about his new creative process, which involves a suite of tools that store his notes and works in unstructured databases, and tease out and suggest subtly connected ideas, so that as he writes, his computer jams with him, suggesting neat tangents to his subjects. It's a great example of good computer-human interaction, where computers are used to programatically count and compare quantifiable elements (word and phrase frequencies) and human beings are used to pass judgement on the output of the computers. People are good at understanding and crap at counting; computers are just the reverse.
Visit the original entry for more great links.
Gavin O'Malley reports that over at the A9 search engine, Amazon has added the capability of viewing a photo of the neighboring stores of the brick store you just found. How clever! But apparently this has been brewing awhile. Google has acquired similar technology. Unfortunately, A9 doesn't have Houston yet. | 2019-04-24T08:44:34Z | https://qviews.typepad.com/qviews/2005/01/index.html | Porn | Shopping | 0.588679 |
wordpress | Most editing packages include a range of different transitions, which you can use creatively when you’re editing your film. By choosing the right transition, you can add a lot of meaning or style to your work.
A straightforward cut is the obvious form of transition, and therefore the most common. The vast majority of transitions in film are cuts, where one shot changes instantly to another. A cut is quick and unfussy, so it naturally leads us to assume continuity; the action is happening in a continuous, linear timeframe. To achieve a cut, you simply place two shots next to one another in your timeline, although you have to be precise to ensure you have fluid continuity of the action. Ideally, a cut is a transition that your audience won’t even notice.
You can also deliberately use a cut to disorientate your audience, for instance showing repetitive clips where the action ‘jumps’, seemingly missing time and/or distance out in-between. This is a style you’ll find used in art or avant-garde films. This can work really stylishly, but be sure you want to achieve this effect or you risk it looking like a bad editing job.
Fades usually appear as “Fade to Black” or “Fade to White”, but most editing programs also enable fading down to any colour. This usually signals the beginning or end of a scene, or of a narrative ‘moment’, for instance you could choose a “Fade to Black” to signal the end of the day or a “Fade to White” to signal the start of a dream sequence or a memory. A fade over a POV shot can give the impression of a character sleeping or even dying.
A dissolve transition takes two shots and blends them frame by frame into one another over time. This usually indicates a passing of time, or a changing of location. It’s used a lot in montage sequences. You can play with the speed to enhance this effect; a very long dissolve takes more time and tells us that time is passing slowly.
You can also experiment with dissolves to create connections in your narrative. For instance, dissolves that move from one character to another usually highlights that they share something in common, such as a particular emotion or parallel experiences.
Wipes move one shot across into another, often using patterns or shapes as part of the transition. This can be used to give the impression of different scenes happening simultaneously, or signal that the film is taking place in chapters or episodes. This is technique that is used in music videos, and also famously in Star Wars.
We’d recommend especially judicious use of a wipe, as they can come across as cheesy. If you do plan to use a wipe, we’d also suggest making them a regular, consistent feature so that they contribute to your overall style in the film.
You might also find a bank of animated or graphic effects in your software. These take your shots and manipulate them into shapes or masks that then move around the screen. These come in all shapes and sizes, common examples include irises, mosaic tiles or panels that swap places. These can be fun to play with, but they are rarely found in professional films because like a wipe, they can appear silly or cheesy. Think about these ones if you’re planning a spoof or a photo slideshow, but be careful if you want your film to be taken seriously.
Whatever transition you’re planning to use, think about the effect you want to create for your audience. Try adjusting the speed, or the length, and have a look at the rhythm of your shots, as the timing and the pace of your editing choices can also have a huge impact on the style and meaning of your film.
This entry was posted in Filmmaking Guides and tagged editing, filmmaking tips, transitions. Bookmark the permalink. | 2019-04-22T18:55:03Z | https://studiofilmschool.wordpress.com/2015/07/03/how-to-choose-the-right-transition/ | Porn | Games | 0.074018 |
wordpress | If you haven’t already been to the Light Festival at Ontario Place…where have you been? The place that serves as a fun-filled childhood memory now puts on one of the most beautiful light shows and parks in the city. From ice skating, to bonfires on the waterfront, Ontario Place is a sure bet to get you extra brownie points from your love. A night time walk around the park with unique art installations, abandoned rides and fairy lights and lit up trees is sure to make a top #valentinesdayselfie! And the best part, aside from not needing a reservation, its free!
Toronto’s newest and most unique ice rink is sure to be the perfect date night for you and your boo. The Bentway is Fort York’s newest treasure and lets you skate beside the historical Fort. Set with a cafe, bar and food trucks, not to mention a beautiful view of the city, this new hot-spot will have you skating into each other’s arms. If that wasn’t enough, The Bentway has a beautiful rooftop viewing area of city place and the rink!
Go for a stroll in the one of a kind Distillery District and enjoy the cobblestone walkways with hundreds of stunning lights and food trucks to enjoy. Take in all of the energy, positivity and charm that Distillery has to offer, and get your photos taken in front of the notorious Love locks. Bring a lock for you and your boo to sign and lock away forever while sipping on some delicious beverages in the light and heart of Toronto.
Grab your babe, suit up in your all canadian snow gear and head to the cities most infamous park, Trinity Bellwoods. Hike your way to the top of the hill and be sure to stop for some instagram worthy photo ops. Kiss your bae before sliding down the hill and take in the beauty of this most popular park! The best part? Tobogganing doesn’t cost a dime and there are plenty of cute shops down the street for you to grab a bevy.
Jump in your car and head up to Torrance Barrens to experience the Dark Sky Preserve and Northern Lights. Just 2 hours outside of Toronto makes this breathtaking spot a perfect Valentine’s day road trip for you and bae to belt out some of your favorite tracks together and see the worlds most natural, stunning beauties. The dark-sky island that is Torrance Barrens is the only place to properly see other galaxies within close distance to the city.
Well love birds, there you have it! The top 5 Valentine’s Day dates that require no reservation and are sure to wow your partner! Remember, it’s not about the gifts or fancy dinners, but about the moments you spend together,loving one another that truly makes you and your babe in love and inseparable.
Happy Valentines Day from the KL girls! | 2019-04-25T01:49:51Z | https://karilywood.wordpress.com/2018/02/ | Porn | Recreation | 0.89195 |
wordpress | The drama in the Rajya Sabha showed that the UPA government was not willing to go even by the will of Parliament. This gives rise to fundamental questions about the functioning of Indian democracy.
The year 2011 will be remembered in India as the year of the campaign against corruption and for the Jan Lokpal Bill. The campaign began in January 2011 in the backdrop of the publicity that accompanied the several mega-scams that surfaced in 2010, notably those relating to the Commonwealth Games and the telecom spectrum allocations. It caught the public imagination with Anna Hazare‘s fast at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi in April 2011. That forced the UPA government to constitute a joint drafting committee for a Lokpal bill. The civil society representatives in the committee proposed a bill called the Jan Lokpal bill, which became the basis for discussions. The basic principles on which the bill was drafted were culled from the United Nations Convention against Corruption, which required all countries to put in place anti-corruption investigative agencies that would be independent of the executive government and would have the jurisdiction to investigate all public servants for corruption.
The Jan Lokpal Bill thus provided for the selection of a 11-member Lokpal by a broad-based selection committee (comprising the Prime Minister, the Leader of the Opposition, two judges selected by all the judges of the Supreme Court, the Comptroller and Auditor General, the Chief Election Commissioner, the Central Vigilance Commissioner and the previous three chairpersons of the Lokpal), through a transparent process.
It sought to bring the anti-corruption wing of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) under the Lokpal’s administrative control. The Lokpal was to be given corruption investigative jurisdiction over all public servants (including Members of Parliament, judges and all sections of the bureaucracy), and those who may have abetted their acts of corruption (including corporations or non-governmental organisations). The Lokpal could recommend the removal of those officials who were charge sheeted for corruption and order the freezing of any assets that seemed to be acquired by corrupt means.
The Bill sought to provide that corruption trials would be put on the fast track and the courts would determine the loss caused to the public exchequer by an act of corruption — which would be recovered from the corrupt public servants and their abettors. It provided for citizens’ charters to be framed by all public authorities, which would provide for time-bound delivery of public services; failure to do so would be actionable at the hands of officers working under the Lokpal. The bill required States to have Lokayuktas (covering State government officials) on the same lines as the Lokpal.
In order to ensure the integrity of the Lokpal institution, several layers of accountability were sought to be built into its working. Its functioning was made totally transparent by means of a requirement to put every detail of its investigations on a public website after the completion of investigations. The CAG was required to do an annual financial and performance audit of the functioning of the entire Lokpal institution. Any citizen could make a complaint against any member of the Lokpal to the Supreme Court, which had the power to order his or her suspension and even removal.
In addition, there were other important, anti-corruption provisions in the Jan Lokpal Bill. It required every public authority to give out contracts, leases and licences with total transparency and by public auction, unless such procedures were stated to be impossible to undertake. Public servants were barred from taking up jobs with those organisations or companies with which they had been dealing in their official capacity. This was meant to prevent an insidious form of corruption whereby public officials would take jobs instead of bribes from the organisations that they had been patronising in their official capacity.
After nine meetings, the government terminated its engagement with the civil society members of the joint drafting committee and went on to draft and table its own Bill in the monsoon session of Parliament. This Bill incorporated some of the provisions of the Jan Lokpal Bill but fell far short of what was required to even set up an independent and comprehensive anti-corruption investigative organisation. It left the selection of the Lokpal to a government-dominated committee. Though powers for the removal of Lokpal members were vested in the Supreme Court, complaints against the Lokpal could only be made by the government, which retained the power to suspend them.
The government’s Bill removed most public servants from the jurisdiction of the Lokpal, including the Prime Minister, MPs (insofar as their corruption pertained to their actions in Parliament), judges, and Class 2, 3 and 4 officers. Instead, it brought lakhs of NGOs (even those which were not funded by the government) within its jurisdiction.
Though the Bill kept the CBI with the government, it allowed the Lokpal to have its own anti-corruption investigative body. It eliminated the need to get prior sanction for investigation from the government. It provided for the confiscation of the assets of corrupt public servants and the recovery of losses caused by their acts of corruption from them. But it created a terribly cumbersome procedure for investigation, by which a preliminary inquiry and hearing of the corrupt public servant were made compulsory before investigation could begin. This ended the possibility of making surprise raids and seizures on the premises of corrupt public servants or their abettors.
Anna Hazare announced his second round of fasting in protest against this Bill, from August 16. This brought lakhs of people on to the streets across the country, and eventually forced the government to convene a special session of Parliament, where Anna’s three minimal demands were accepted by a unanimous Sense of the House resolution. Thus, all government servants and the citizens’ charter were to be brought under the Lokpal’s jurisdiction. The Bill would provide for Lokayuktas in the States on the same model as the Lokpal. The government promised to bring forward and pass such a strengthened bill in the winter session of Parliament.
Thereafter, the Bill was referred to the Standing Committee of Parliament, which after three months gave a fractured report with many dissenting notes. The Bill, which was reintroduced towards the end of the winter session, not only did not accept the one useful suggestion of the Standing Committee (negating the compulsory step of a preliminary enquiry) but went on to eliminate even the investigative body from the Lokpal. Thus, the Lokpal would not only be selected and suspended by the government, it would also have to rely only on government-controlled investigative organisations for its investigation. Class 3 and 4 officers were still kept out of the Lokpal’s ambit.
Those of us who worked on the mission with Anna Hazare had suggested 34 amendments to rectify the government’s Bill, and we pointed out that four of these were critical to making the Lokpal a workable institution. These were that the selection and removal procedure should be made independent of the government; the CBI should be brought under the Lokpal’s administrative control or, alternatively, the Lokpal should have its own investigative body; all government servants should be brought under the Lokpal’s investigative ambit; and the procedure for investigation should be in line with the normal criminal investigation procedure. But the government was adamant in not accepting any of these either, and went on to bulldoze the passage of its Bill. It rejected all the amendments moved by the Opposition. The Opposition moved several of the amendments suggested by us, but the only amendment that the government accepted was one to allow State governments to decide when the Bill would be applied to them.
The Rajya Sabha witnessed a sordid drama. Several parties which had walked out in the Lok Sabha (the Samajwadi Party and the Bahujan Samaj Party) or had not moved any amendments there (the Trinamool Congress) moved amendments in the Rajya Sabha and their representatives delivered fiery speeches opposing the provisions of the Bill. When it became clear that at least three of the amendments (those relating to the selection and removal of Lokpal members, the CBI being brought under the administrative control of the Lokpal, and the deletion of the chapter on Lokayuktas in the States) were likely to be passed, the government engineered disturbances in the House, resorted to filibustering and prevented the amendments from being voted upon. And the House was prorogued with the Bill hanging in the air.
The government was repeatedly telling us that by proceeding with protests while Parliament was considering the Bill, we were showing contempt for parliamentary democracy. We had responded by pointing out that by overlooking the wishes of the people as expressed in numerous polls, surveys and referendums, all of which showed that more than 80 per cent of the people favoured the Jan Lokpal Bill, the government was showing contempt for the people. The drama in the Rajya Sabha showed that the government was not even willing to go by the will of Parliament. This gives rise to fundamental questions about the functioning of Indian democracy. Is this form of representative democracy allowing the will of the people to be reflected in policy and law-making, or is it being held hostage to parties and their leaderships to be determined by their own whims or corrupt considerations? Has the time come for us to rethink and deepen our democracy by putting in place systems where laws and policies would be decided by decisive inputs of the people (through referendums and gaon sabhas, or village councils) rather than only by such “elected representatives”? We hope that this fundamental issue would bring about an even broader public engagement than what has been witnessed during this Lokpal campaign.
How does the failure to confer constitutional status on the Lokpal affect the anti-corruption ombudsman?
Such an anti-corruption ombudsman was earlier established in Haryana and Punjab through a legislative instrument, that is through an ordinary statute. But there were some political bigwigs who were involved in corruption and the Lokayukta was on the verge of catching them. What the government did then was it repealed the (Lokayukta) Act itself through an ordinance. This happened both in Haryana and Punjab. My apprehension is that if a political heavyweight is under investigation, and the ombudsman has been established through an ordinary statute, then a simple ordinance can be passed to scrap the whole institution. But if the body has constitutional status, then it can’t be amended like this. It would have been difficult to repeal the Lokpal had it been given constitutional status.
Can the opposition argue that the minority quota in the Lokpal is unconstitutional?
No. Consider Articles 15 and 16 of the Constitution. Nowhere do they talk about a Hindu, Muslim or Christian quota. What they say is that nothing will prevent Parliament from enacting a law for advancement of educationally and socially backward class of citizens and members of the scheduled caste. There’s no mention of religion. When you identify certain Hindu castes such as Yadavs, Kurmis, etc you don’t say ‘Hindus’ are getting reservation; you say they are backward groups and on this basis you give them reservation. Similarly, among the Muslim community you can identify certain backward segments and have a quota for them. So it’s not a question of religion but educationally and socially backward communities.
Does the Lokpal Bill impinge on the country’s federal structure?
Article 252 of the Constitution provides that in case Parliament doesn’t have the power to enact a law, it can on the request of the states make law for those states as well as whosoever is concerned with the law. Article 253 says that Parliament is empowered to enact laws for the enforcement of international treaties and UN conventions. For example, there is no legislative subject called human rights. But because we were a signatory to the UN Human Rights Convention, we enacted laws to establish the National Human Rights Commission. Similarly, the 2003 UN convention on fighting corruption empowers Parliament to make laws to tackle graft. It is on this basis that the Lokpal Bill has been introduced under Article 253. If the UN convention did not exist, then you could say the Lokpal Bill impinges on federalism. But not in this case.
Is there any merit in the Team Anna argument that the CBI should be brought under the Lokpal?
I don’t think that the entire CBI can be brought under the Lokpal. The CBI is a huge organisation whose investigative capabilities are used for so many things other than fighting corruption. At best you can put 50 or 60 CBI officers on deputation with the Lokpal. However, if the CBI is under the government and the government is the prosecutor, there is a clear conflict of interest in prosecuting government corruption. I believe the CBI should be autonomous in any case.
Do you think the Lokpal can be a magic bullet against corruption?
Not at all. Just like water finds its own level, people will find other routes to corruption. But the Lokpal can be a deterrent and create some fear in the minds of potential offenders.
India is fast becoming like Pakistan — a society where bizarre conspiracy theories are plausible, credible, even highly probable. We no longer blame the CIA for floods or outbreaks of dengue. But there is reason to believe that the political process is being manipulated to ensure sinister outcomes that are not apparent. On the surface, the Lokpal bill is supposed to create an institution independent of the executive branch precisely in order to investigate and act against corruption, malfeasance and wrongdoing of members of the executive — be they elected politicians or unelected officials. But dear reader, do not get misled. The hidden purpose of the present Lokpal bill is to undermine the independence of the judiciary, which, in recent times, has been one of the few checks on the executive branch.
The 50 per cent quota requirement for the Lokpal virtually ensures that the Supreme Court will strike down the law as it has been enacted. The Supreme Court has no choice if it goes by the doctrine of judicial precedence given its own past judgments restricting quotas to less than 50 per cent.
The introduction of a “minority” quota makes the situation even more awkward for the Supreme Court and almost inexorably sets up a conflict between the judiciary and the legislature. Linguistic and religious minorities are referred to in the Constitution only with respect to rights in the cultural and educational sphere. For instance, they can run schools and colleges with taxpayer support but without government interference. Incidentally, many are not aware of the provision for linguistic minorities as the expression “minority” has now become one used only on a religious basis in common parlance. By this token a Gujarati is a member of a “minority” community in Maharashtra and a Marathi-speaker gets the same position in Gujarat. Linguistic minorities have the same “cultural” rights under our constitution that religious ones do. However, and this is significant — there is no mention of reservations or quotas for “minorities” in the Constitution apropos of government appointments. The non-majoritarian and secular nature of our Constitution was best described by Justice Santosh Hegde in his intervention from the bench during the Keshavananda Bharati hearings. He said that our Constitution is secular in spirit without ever mentioning the word “secular”. This was of course before the completely illegitimate amendment made to the Constitution’s preamble by Parliament. The preamble was a mere statement of historical fact — that “we gave ourselves” a Constitution that came into effect on January 26, 1950. How can amendments be made at a later date to a historical fact?
Once the Supreme Court strikes down the Lokpal bill as it undoubtedly will, the stage will be set for a “popular” movement against the judiciary. Political workers will be brought into Delhi from neighbouring states. There will be public “pressure” on the government to bring under its “control” the recalcitrant “anti-minority”, “anti-reservation” court.
Selected ministers of the government will start attacking the judiciary for being reactionary and for not understanding the wishes of the masses.
The government will then try to overturn the present collegium-based appointment of judges of the higher judiciary and re-establish cabinet control over these appointments. Given our penchant for political amnesia, no one will remember that the collegium-based approach was a desperate one forced on the judiciary because of the arbitrary process used earlier by the government of the day to pick and choose as judges and as the chief justice individuals who were “pliable” and “committed” (presumably to the executive, not necessarily the Constitution). Cabinet ministers can conveniently recycle the thoughts of an earlier law minister, the authoritarian H.R. Gokhale, who felt that judicial independence was an undemocratic, reactionary legacy.
Our collective amnesia will also ensure that we forget that most of the legislature versus judiciary conflicts in the past were due to badly drafted (need I say, probably deliberately badly drafted) laws and ordinances, precisely like the present Lokpal bill. The hastily introduced “Bank Nationalisation Ordinance” of 1969 was struck down not for the act of nationalisation but because of the inclusion of inconsequential clauses on shareholder compensation and on the rights of erstwhile shareholders to freely engage in any business which remained their right under the Constitution. The even more hastily drafted ordinance “derecognising” maharajas was the result of the government of the day failing to win the vote for the bill in the Rajya Sabha. This was also struck down. In neither case had the Supreme Court shown any pro-rich or pro-maharaja bias. The court had merely struck down absurd self-contradictory clauses in the enactments. But the publicists of the self-styled left-liberal government of the day went to town accusing the judges of being reactionary and anti-poor. This set the stage for wholesale arbitrariness and political chicanery in judicial appointments. The Supreme Court’s “collegium” solution was a belated response to the shabby prevarications of the executive.
We can predict, as night follows day, that once the Lokpal bill is struck down, as it probably will be, we will have an open season in terms of attacks on the judiciary and the beginning of the emasculation of this constitutionally independent institution. Dear reader: the purpose of the deliberately badly drafted Lokpal bill is now clear. The purpose is not to create an “independent” Lokpal. The sinister purpose is to undermine our “independent” judiciary.
Independent institutions like the Supreme Court, the Election Commission, the Comptroller and Auditor General, the non-political armed forces and the Reserve Bank of India have saved India from becoming the home of real or imagined “conspiracies”. But don’t be surprised if this situation is now primed for change. The historical precedents and our amnesia do not suggest an optimistic prognosis.
The debate on the Lokpal bill has thrown up three propositions about the CBI. One, retain the status quo; two, transfer the control to the Lokpal; and three, make the CBI an independent organisation. The CBI is now governed by an outdated act of World War II vintage, called the Delhi Police Establishment Act, which was enacted in 1946 to regulate the functioning of the Special Police Establishment. Section 4 (1) of this act vests the superintendence of the CBI in the Central government, just as Section 3 of the police act of 1861 vests the control of the state police force in the state government.
Since the word “superintendence” has not been defined in any law, both the Central and state governments have misused police forces to serve their partisan interests. There is a general perception that the CBI, like other police forces in the country, is influenced in its work by political considerations.
Can any government ever think of making the CBI an independent organisation? If one plays the devil’s advocate, one can think of two arguments that the Central government can cite in favour of retaining its control over the CBI. First, any police force, including the CBI, is a part of the executive, and in the Westminster model of governance that we have adopted, the minister concerned is responsible to Parliament for the efficient and honest functioning of his departments. Second, the police, including the CBI, enjoys tremendous powers and it is important for the government to ensure these powers are used judiciously.
While the first argument can be considered valid, the second can be contested. It is true that in a democratic system, police powers need to be controlled to prevent their misuse, but then it has to be realised that controlling the police itself becomes a source of tremendous power that can be misused to serve partisan interests, as has happened so frequently in this country. What is needed is to set up institutions and mechanisms to balance these two requirements.
In the judgment on the hawala case, the Supreme Court tried to make one such attempt. While the court transferred the responsibility of exercising superintendence over the CBI’s functioning from the government to the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC), it simultaneously held that the concerned minister should be ultimately responsible for its efficient functioning to Parliament. The court maintained that none of the minister’s powers could extend to interfering with the course of investigation and prosecution in any individual case. Investigation is to be governed strictly by the provisions of law.
Unfortunately, the government did not implement the judgment of the SC either in letter or in spirit. The Central Vigilance Commission Act of 2003 derailed the judgment in three important ways. One, it resurrected the Single Directive despite the fact that the court had held it null and void, being bad in law. Two, it did not transfer superintendence to the CVC fully. The CVC Act 2003 prescribed that the CVC shall exercise superintendence not over the CBI but over the Delhi Special Police Establishment (DSPE) only, regarding cases registered under the Prevention of Corruption Act 1988. Third, in exercising superintendence over the organisation, the government did not keep itself within the boundaries as defined in the judgment.
The possibility of misuse of the police by the government of the day has caused concern in other countries too. They have found solutions by developing traditions of good governance and setting up new institutions. The UK seems to have successfully implemented a very subtle distinction between the police as an organisation and policing as a set of activities. While the police as an organisation is the responsibility of the government, policing as a set of functions is the responsibility of the head of the police force. Government’s role is to formulate policies, provide budget, set standards and monitor performance, but it cannot give any operational direction to the police chief. The police acts in some other regions and countries have dealt with this problem by clearly defining the role and responsibilities of the government and the police department. In Queensland in Australia, communication between the minister and the commissioner of police is guided by clear provisions of the police act. Directions from the minister have to be in writing and the commissioner of police is bound to comply with the directions, but keep a record of all correspondence, which is later placed on the floor of the assembly.
In India, there could be mechanisms and institutions that will ensure the CBI’s functional autonomy, as no government will ever agree to relinquish its control over an organisation like the CBI. Also, the Lokpal could have its own independent investigating agency, which need not necessarily be the CBI. | 2019-04-21T14:49:38Z | https://indialawyers.wordpress.com/category/anna-hazare-campaign/ | Porn | Games | 0.681058 |
rense | On June 5th, 2004, at approximately 2 AM, Los Angeles radio station KFI 640 AM aired a report by fill-in traffic reporter Walt Jackson which described eyewitness accounts of "burning fireballs" and a "possible crashed airplane." Jackson also reported that investigators had scoured the scene for the wreckage of a plane, but had concluded that the "fireball" was a likely meteor.
I first learned of this report from an independent witness who heard it live on June 5th.
Less than a day later, I received an audio file of the actual report from the reader of one of my articles. I immediately sent it to numerous websites which posted it, including rense.com, surfingtheapocalypse.com, clydelewis.com, and rumormillnews.com.
I emailed KFI News Director Chris Little, and asked him if he could verify that this report aired on his station, even pasting in the email from the person who initially contacted me. But I did NOT tell him that I had in my possession the audio of the broadcast. He told me that his station did not report it...and that that listener may have confused the alleged news broadcast with the George Noory show.
From there, my communications with Chris Little became increasingly contentious. I became too emotional, and lost my cool.
I informed Mr. Little that the audio had been posted on several websites, and asked him if he wished "to stand by his assertion that the report never aired." This put him on the defensive, which in turn put ME on the defensive, and the decorum and quality of our email exchanges gradually diminished.
Mr. Little stated that the so-called "fireball" had been investigated by the CHP, and they concluded that it was a LIKELY meteor. Mr. Little did not say whether or not any physical trace had been found of the meteor.
Because I was not SPECIFIC in citing my concern about a possible meteor sighting and/or impact, Mr. Little apparently concluded, not unreasonably, that I was a UFO enthusiast who was looking for a "conspiracy." He offered a couple of sarcastic quips about "glowing spaceships" and "kooky stuff," and like many independent investigators, journalists, and talk show hosts who have covered the "out there" issues for years, I took offense with these comments. I became quite sanctimonious with Mr. Little, and chastised him for not initially doing the legwork to learn if the June 5th broadcast did indeed air on his station.
In his defense, he stated that the report did not ORIGINATE with his NEWS STAFF, but rather a fill-in traffic reporter named Walt Jackson...which made it more difficult for him to verify the existence of the report.
My email exchanges with Chris Little have been posted on numerous websites, and I feel that the personal acrimony between he and I - which, in spite of Mr. Little's initial error in his first message to me, I take full responsibility for - detracts enormously from the real story here, which is yet another in a long string of significant meteor sightings which have been unfortunately ignored by the mainstream media.
If the CHP investigated the Los Angeles fireball, which was reportedly described by eyewitnesses as resembling a "small plane crash," this was worthy of significant coverage in the national media. NASA recently reported a surprise "heavy meteor shower" for the month of June, and as I've written in numerous accounts over the past week, we seem to be experiencing some unusually intense meteoric activity.
I must also take responsibility for the tone of "conspiracy" in many of my articles which have spoken of the virtual media "blackout" on this issue. While the American news media has been unquestionably negligent in its coverage of this month's meteor sightings and/or impacts, the explanation may be more prosaic than "conspiracy."
We live in a country where the greatest "news" stories of the moment are celebrity criminal trials, movie box-office takes, and the latest beheadings and bombings in the "war on terror." Something as "mundane" as repeated meteor impacts is not considered worthy of coverage by the tabloid newscore. While I do not rule out the possibility that the "powers that be," whomever they are, are concerned about media coverage of uncontrollable celestial threats, my personal debacle with KFI is convincing me more and more that a true conspiracy is not at work here.
Let me emphasize once again that the real story here is the METEOR which apparently blazed over Los Angeles, CA, on the morning of June 5th. I have written an email to the Los Angeles Times through their website (www.latimes.com), informing them of this story and inquiring why they have not reported it. I have not received a response. | 2019-04-26T10:44:59Z | https://rense.com/general54/fierball.htm | Porn | News | 0.450543 |
wordpress | just as it was said of Enoch, for God took Him. For we leave that realm of Adam (self) to abide in God.( spiritually). Thus becoming a part of the new creation man. Jesus Christ being the first born of the new creation.. blesssings, kitty pace, .
Thanks, Kitty! Yes, indeed! What a glorious New Testament application to the story of Enoch. Thanks so much for sharing….and I hope to see the Lord continue to break this truth open to us in power!
glorYous Mercy… love it sis!
inspired to get the blogs I started, going… so i can walk with Poppa some more!
Now I’m getting Enoched out! Love it! 🙂 This is going to be a fun series to write and I have a feeling He’s got lots of wonderful surprises up His sleeve! Yes, Doug, please do get your own blog going. I know we’d all be blessed! | 2019-04-23T05:58:14Z | https://ordinarydaisy.wordpress.com/2012/01/29/the-return-of-the-garden-enochs-journey-with-god/ | Porn | News | 0.391433 |
truthordarepics | These pics were taken for my birthday with me wearing one of the presents my boyfriend got me. And also taking off that present lol. We met in community college and have been dating for over 5 months now and have ... READ THE REST HERE. | 2019-04-19T19:10:25Z | http://www.truthordarepics.com/blog/2008/07/drew.html | Porn | Reference | 0.668837 |
wordpress | You are currently browsing the category archive for the ‘Summer And August’ category.
On Saturday, March 12, 2011 we were at The Toadstool Bookshops, Keene, NH at an encore event for: Summer And August, A Cape Cod Murder Mystery!
We always have a bodacious time at the Toadstool Bookshops. And we really appreciate Don inviting us back! So many great readers in the Keene, NH area. Thank you for your support.
In addition to Summer And August, A Cape Cod Murder Mystery we featured Time Has A Way and Candy-Colored Clown which were just re-published by A Snowy Day Distribution & Publishing!
Another surprise will be announced here in my next posting.
On Saturday, March 5, 2011 we were at The Toadstool Bookshops, Milford, NH! And on Saturday, March 12, 2011 we will be at The Toadstool Bookshops, Keene, NH at 2:00pm for Summer And August, A Cape Cod Murder Mystery!
We always enjoy our visits to the Toadstool Bookshops. And we really appreciate the readers who come out to support our community book stores! These are truly great places and we need to keep them going forever!
Our sincere appreciation to Regina, Brian, Tammy, Jan, and all the wonderful folks at The Toadstool Bookshops in Milford, NH! And our thanks to all of you newcomers to the LaRosa Chronicles!
This coming Saturday, March 12, 2011 we return to the Toadstool in Keene, NH. I’m looking forward to seeing many old friends and meeting many new friends at this event, including Franklin Pierce Alumni. | 2019-04-22T22:32:36Z | https://kspirito.wordpress.com/category/summer-and-august/ | Porn | Arts | 0.625248 |
wordpress | Why are accomplishment statements important on a resume?
Accomplishment statements are the “meat and potatoes” of a resume, or, put another way, your achievements are the “special sauce” which could help you to stand out.
Without accomplishment statements that clearly show the magnitude and scope of abilities, a resume or CV (Curriculum Vitae) can appear very ordinary, boring, or even suggest there may not be enough motivation to excel in ways that matter.
As a Certified Professional Resume Writer (C.P.R.W) and Career Coach, I usually find this couldn’t be farther from the truth! Often, candidates have great achievements and motivation to excel, but their successes are obscured from view unintentionally.
Why do some have trouble coming up with accomplishment statements?
There are several reasons candidates might have trouble coming up with accomplishment statements.
Do any of the above reasons sound familiar to you? Accurate achievements with impact can always be uncovered, even when there is a termination in the work history.
Most people have accomplishments, but they don’t always realize it, or they unknowingly think it’s enough to simply list their duties.
How about you? Have you invested your time into really thinking about your accomplishments?
If you are like most people, it is not easy to come up with your own achievements, but it is important to take the time and initiative to do.
Contrary to what many believe, introspection, integrity, research, organization, and thought is what needs to precede a series of good accomplishment statements on a resume. Pensively and well written accomplishment statements are one important key element which can dramatically help your resume or CV to potentially deliver engagement from prospective Employers, Human Resource Staffing Specialists, and Recruiters. On the other hand, if you are an entrepreneur, potential clients may need to consider your background before selecting your product or service.
Here are my 10 tips for how to add pizazz to your accomplishment statements, and significantly improve your resume or curriculum vitae’s impact.
1) Do your homework and research currently valued skillsets and industry challenges which will help you to recognize your relevant achievements.
Identify with what you learn about your target industry or occupation, and compare it with your own relevant experience, while looking for commonalities.
Arrange to talk with others in your goal occupation at networking events, but be prepared to reciprocate to anyone who may assist you, and offer to see how you might help them. Also, don’t be shy to ask how you can genuinely support those who aren’t in a position to supply the information you seek, just be sure to reserve plenty of time for your job search. Sincere acts of professional support are not only a kind gesture, but doing so can naturally result in enabling others to view you as a professional of value to be connected with over time.
In order to become in the know, both in-person and online networking is critical. If you are computer proficient with social media, it’s highly recommended you follow online discussions that regularly have members posting about the current issues as well as trends in your target profession.
2) If you don’t have computer skills, take the time and initiative to learn.
Look for free or low cost resources at your local library, career one stop center, or visit the Goodwill Community Foundation International site for self-paced online training. Don’t allow yourself to get lost on the wrong side of the digital divide with unmarketable computer skillsets! Technology permeates many professions now, even the application process itself is riddled with it.
This point is critical. If you find you are limited in computer proficiency, and want to create and distribute your resume yourself, think about this: How can you type your accomplishment statements onto your resume document, if you are not familiar with how to use the software programs and hardware which can create it? How can you apply online for jobs, or email your resume as an attachment, if you don’t know how to navigate via online digital correspondence platforms? Anyone, at any age can learn how to do this, if they have access, motivation, patience, and perserverance. Take the time to learn, and be patient with yourself in the process.
3) Another free online resource where you can check the trends of a profession is with the U.S. Department of Labor’s Online Occupational Outlook Handbook.
Here you can find how to break into a targeted occupation, tasks, trends, and more.
4) Keep a notebook handy for accurately documenting your accomplishments.
If transitioning between jobs, keep it readily available near your computer or where you spend the most time. Being your own career historian is crucial so you can show how you shine, throughout the timeline, of your career and education. Make annotations in your notebook whenever you intentionally realize an accomplishment or happen upon it in thought.
Having an accomplishments notebook is also a handy tool to provide to a Certified Professional Resume Writer, who is an expert at taking many other important factors into consideration when creating a resume or other career document. A Certified Professional Resume Writer is generally fluent with helping you to discover your accomplishment highlights, and knows how to selectively market your achievements.
5) If a good rapport exists with a prior employer, ask for their input and perspective on your accomplishments.
If the employer is willing, request they write a letter of recommendation which would help to support the accomplishments stated.
6) Be sure to track numbers, frequencies, increasing and decreasing percentages, dollar amounts, as well as timeframes that made a difference as a direct result of your efforts.
If applicable, integrate how the accomplishment was achieved into the statement. Here are a few examples with different combinations of measurements from a variety of occupations.
7) Remember even a small hourly or daily achievement average can be multiplied to estimate weekly, monthly, quarterly and annual accomplishments.
Example: “I process 12 client intakes per day”. Doesn’t sound like much right?
But when you multiply 12 intakes per day, by 5 days per week, that’s 60 intakes per week, even better! Similarly, you can figure out monthly, quarterly, and yearly figures in this manner. In the example discussed, that translates to 240 per month, 720 per quarter, and 2880 per year. Wow!
8) Write down any unique challenges you experienced on a project, and consider the context, as well as how you overcame it.
There may have been external factors making a particular aspect of a job difficult.
As an example, one of my clients directed an infrastructure project in which there were international government stakeholders based out of 3 countries.
The challenge was she needed to avoid costly miscommunications, which she was very successful at accomplishing, so it became important to show in her resume how she was able to do that. Here is a statement designed to consider the unique context of her situation, and how it was managed.
No matter what level of professional you are or the type of occupation(s) you have had, it is possible for unique challenges to exist. Be sure to think about if such unique challenges existed when writing your resume or working with a Certified Professional Resume Writer.
9) Keep in mind the big picture and your percentage of contribution to a team’s bottom line, whatever that might be in your industry.
Here are three examples of accomplishment statements which magnify impact of contribution.
Carried 60% of department’s case management load, and identified over $100K in eligible services for improving the lives of community members attempting to contribute to their families and society.
10) Above all, don’t give up!
Stay focused and look inside yourself for the value you surely offer to prospective employers. Become clear on your past as well as current contributions.
© By Nina Scott, C.P.R.W.
Nina Scott is a Certified Professional Resume Writer and Career Coach.
There is a set of websites every baby boomer should know to manage your career, and I am writing this post to expose you to them. Some of these might surprise you. Let’s get started.
Employee Benefit Research Institute – The mission of the Employee Benefit Research Institute (EBRI) is to contribute to, to encourage, and to enhance the development of sound employee benefit programs and sound public policy through objective research and education. There is a ton of great data about retirement. They do a variety of surveys related to baby boomers ability to retire.
PBS Next Avenue – This PBS’s website dedicated to the baby boomer generation. Articles cover a full spectrum of issues and come from a variety of sources. Career Pivot contributed an article in February.
Harvard Business Review Blog – I have become a big fan of HBR. They follow a variety of trends that you must keep on top of for your career.
Let’s cover some recruiting websites every baby boomer should know.
ERE.net – ERE is a central gathering point for the recruiting industry. You will find lots of useful information on careers but more importantly trends in employment.
Recruiting Blogs – Recruiting Blogs is a central place where recruiters can blog on topics of their choice. There are over 14,000 recruiting blogs on this site. This is a great place to gain insight into what recruiters are thinking.
The Undercover Recruiter – The Undercover Recruiter is the #1 recruitment and career blog in the UK & Europe. Another great place to follow industry trends.
Recruiter.com – One of the largest websites for the recruiting industry. This link will take you to the Career Advice section of the website.
I believe every baby boomer should track trends in the recruiting industry.
Let’s cover some different websites every baby boomer should know.
Social-Hire – This is a new and innovative career site around the new way to find a job. I particularly want to point you to the career advice section.
Linked Into Business Blog – This is a LinkedIn blog for business written by my good friend Viveka von Rosen. Viv runs the Tuesday evening Tweetchat called LinkedIn Chat. If you want to stay on top of changes in LinkedIn this is the place.
Heidi Cohen – Heidi Cohen’s blog provides marketing related insights grounded in digital and direct marketing. Served with a creative twist, Heidi includes practical tips based on her extensive experience that readers can apply to their marketing. You need to understand online marketing tactics to market your own career!
Did I miss any websites every baby boomer should know?
BoomerJobTips.com – Okay, I am being a bit self serving. I recently acquired the BoomerJobTips.com domain which was listed in the top career sites in 2012. The previous owner took down the website for personal reasons. My plan is to make BoomerJobTips.com the premiere career information website for baby boomers and keep it pitch free. Content is curated from around the Internet and posted through out the day.
It’s not hard–and may be the best 20 minutes you spend every day.
Everyone seems to be on LinkedIn. So you are too. But are you actually generating leads and referrals?
Here’s a blueprint for using LinkedIn to prospect more effectively from Sandler Training, a leading sales, management, and leadership training organization.
Your 30-second commercial is the answer to that question, as told from the point of view of a prospect in pain that eventually turned into your happy customer.
If something like this isn’t on your LinkedIn profile you’re at a competitive disadvantage.
2. Add connections to your network. If you invest a minute or so each working day clicking the “connect” button on the “People You May Know” list that LinkedIn posts in your feed you will broaden your network, and you will become known as someone who broadens the network, which is just as important.
Remember: Everyone you talk to about business or meet during the course of the business day is a potential LinkedIn connection.
Always ask for introductions to people you don’t know.
4. Build out your lead list. Spend five minutes a day investigating the connections of your contacts to see whom you don’t know personally but would like to meet. Make a note of those to whom you would like introductions. Start first with the “Recommendations,” since those are most likely the strongest relationships of the LinkedIn user you are viewing.
5. Follow your current clients and prospects. Spend another two minutes each day looking up your current clients and top prospects. Find out whether they have a company page. If they do, follow and monitor it.
6. Post an update. Spend 60 seconds each working day posting an “Update” to your LinkedIn network. Use the daily update to share a link to an article or a video that is relevant to your prospects and customers. Or use the “Pulse” (used to be known as “LinkedIn Today”) feature on your LinkedIn dashboard.
Each time you post an update you get displayed on the feed of all the people with whom you are connected. But never sell when you post updates. Add value and share expertise instead.
8. Use LinkedIn to celebrate the accomplishments of others. When you come across a news story or post that offers good news about your client or prospect, or any key contact, share the news as a status update. Recognize the person with an “@” reply. That will ensure they receive notification of the mention. Spend a minute a day on this.
9. Write a recommendation. It is often difficult to secure LinkedIn recommendations, if only because it takes the writer time to log in, write, and post them.
Instead of waiting for someone to recommend you, devote five minutes a day to writing and posting (reality-based) recommendations for your customers and key contacts. Once your contact approves the text, the recommendation will show up on his/her LinkedIn account.
This will align you with your contact, serve as a permanent top-of-mind promotional piece for you and your organization, show your network that you work together, and make it much more likely that your contact will look for a way return the favor. That could be either a referral or a recommendation.
10. Stop. The key to success on LinkedIn is investing a little bit of time every working day–not six hours a day for a week straight, then nothing.
Invest that twenty minutes a day, consistently, for thirty straight working days, and you will start generating more prospects and referrals from LinkedIn.
Jeff Haden is the owner of Blackbird Media and has ghostwritten nearly forty non-fiction books (four Amazon Business & Investing #1s) and am a featured columnist for Inc.com and CBS MoneyWatch.com. | 2019-04-20T20:50:16Z | https://careerquestcards.wordpress.com/2014/02/ | Porn | Business | 0.314881 |
google | 2002-03-07 Assigned to TELECOM ITALIA LAB S.P.A. reassignment TELECOM ITALIA LAB S.P.A. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CSELT - CENTRO STUDI E LABORATORI TELECOMMUNICAZIONI S.P.A.
A probe for fault-actuation devices has a transistor which is utilized to insert a reference signal into a fault-insertion point. The emitter and collector are connectable to the fault-insertion point and a reference signal and a capacitor with a capacitance greater than the capacitance of parasitic components is connected between the base and the emitter.
This application is a national stage of PCT/EP 97/01096 filed Mar. 5, 1997 and based upon Italian National application To 96A 000168 filed Mar. 6, 1996 under the International Convention.
The present invention relates in general to the so-called fault actuation or insertion techniques used to test the operation of electronic equipment, and concerns a probe or fault actuation devices, arranged to force a test point of an electronic equipment under test to a given signal level, the probe comprising: a transistor having a control electrode and two circuit terminals, which circuit terminals are connected respectively to the test point and to a given signal level, and control means acting on the control electrode of the transistor to selectively switch the transistor between a cut-off condition and a conducting condition.
A probe with some similarity to the above probe is known from EP A 0 261 367. The probe is a mechanical probe which is brought into electrical contact with a test point of an electronic component and an alternating square wave test signal is applied to the test point through a transistor and extracted through a circuit connected to the probe. The transistor which is a field effect transistor applies to the test point the mentioned variable signal, so as to simulate regular operation conditions of the component. Parasitic capacitances within the transistor are likely to introduce some distortion into the amplified square-wave voltage.
In electronic equipment and systems (especially if very complex: by way of nonlimiting example, reference can be made to switching exchanges of telecommunications networks), the need often arises to check the behavior of the equipment and of the system in the presence of particular fault conditions. This check can be carried out not only in the testing phase, but it may be a part of the fault diagnosis and/or identification or of automatic reconfiguration functions which often are provided for in such equipment and systems to ensure that the equipment can still operate (at least in part) even in the presence of faults.
In digital equipment, the types of faults to be actuated or inserted (hereafter the terms “actuation” and “insertion” shall be used as synonyms) at the hardware level generally entail forcing certain points of the equipment to a pre-set signal level, corresponding for example to a logic “0” or to a logic “1”. A solution conventionally adopted in the art has thus been to establish, in correspondence with the point to be forced to the pre-set signal level, an electrical connection (usually by means of a jumper) towards the ground level or a given power supply level (+Vcc or−Vcc).
This solution is not particularly easy to be put in practice, also in view of its intrinsically “fixed” nature, once the jumper has been applied, the point involved is constantly maintained at the signal level to which the jumper is connected. Hence, it is not possible to monitor quickly the reaction of the equipment at the moment the fault is inserted and/or, which can be of no less interest, at the moment the fault is eliminated.
To overcome these drawbacks, a solution has been proposed, at least at the experimental level , which entails connecting electrical conductors, coming out of the equipment under test, to the fault insertion points. Such conductors lead to a set of electromechanical switches (such as, typically, relays) which allow the required connections to the reference voltages to be established.
This solution cannot be considered fully satisfactory, for several reasons.
Firstly, it is intrinsically cumbersome. Additionally, the conductors connected to the fault insertion points always disturb the equipment being tested. Thus, the fault conditions simulated for the test do not exactly correspond, from the electrical point of view, to the fault conditions likely to occur in the equipment (this is particularly true when current absorption at the fault point is also to be measured). Further, the conductors disturb the operation of the equipment even under regular service conditions, i.e. when there is no fault actuation.
Additionally, it should also be noted that the devices required, at least as concerns the components (probes) directly used for connection to the equipment under test, should have a negligible cost. Thus they can be left in place once the test has been completed, that is, they can be single-use products.
According to the present invention, this goal is reached with a device characterized in that in its conducting condition, the transistor in use is driven into saturation condition causing the test point to be forced to said given signal level. A capacitor is directly connected between the control electrode and the circuit terminal of the transistor opposite to that point, which capacitor has a substantially higher capacitance value than the value of the parasitic capacitance existing between control terminal and the circuit terminal of the transistor coupled to the test point.
From DE-B 23 63 360, it is known, per se, that in an amplifier, a series connection of a capacitor and a resistor is coupled between the base and the emitter of the amplifier transistor. The resistor is a part of a voltage divider. The transistor used as an amplifier operates in a linear zone of its characteristics in order to provide an output signal proportional to the input signal. The known circuit arrangement, thus does not give any hint to the person in the art to arrange the probe for fault actuation in the manner proposed by the invention.
Within the concept of the invention, the construction details may be changed widely with respect to what will be termed a transistor, working as an electronic switch. The “transistor” may be any electronic component with equivalent operating characteristics. The term “transistor” thus is to be taken to include such equivalent electronic devices as well; this also holds true for the terms “collector”, “emitter” and “base”, identifying the terminals of a bipolar transistor.
FIG. 6 represents an example of practical construction of a probe according to the invention.
In FIG. 1, A denotes the whole of an electronic equipment to be tested according to typical fault insertion procedures. By way of non-limiting example, equipment A could be a digital switching exchange of a telecommunications system or a part of that exchange (for instance the set of circuits located on a board C). In the same Figure, references P1, P2 indicate, by way of example, two points of board C where a fault is to be inserted. Of course any number of points throughout the equipment can be involved, depending on the application requirements. As it has already been stated, inserting a fault entails, in practice, forcing the point involved (hereafter generally indicated as Pi) to a preset signal level, for instance O V (ground voltage) or±5V (i.e. Vcc power supply voltage). The signal levels indicated usually correspond, in digital equipment, to logic levels “0” and “1”.
Equipment A is usually associated with a system A1 (forming an integral part of the equipment) for identifying/diagnosing faults and/or for reconfiguring equipment A to make it resistance to the onset of particular faults. The features of such a system are known in themselves to those skilled in the art, and they do not require to be illustrated specifically herein, since they are not of interest for the understanding of the invention.
As previously indicated, the invention specifically faces the problem of inserting a fault into a specific point Pi, regardless of the reaction induced by the fault insertion into equipment A and of the monitoring of that reaction.
Fault insertion into point Pi is accomplished by a device 1 comprising one or more probes 10 (possibly of the single-use type) which form the specific subject matter of the present invention. In practice, device 1 may comprise, for instance, a more or less complex logic network 2 arranged to supply probes (10) associated therewith with command signals aimed at causing the operation of each probe in ways that will be better described further on. The probes can be temporarily or permanently connected to points Pi. In a preferred embodiment, network 2 is controlled by a control unit 3 comprising an electronic processor which causes fault insertion into the different points according to a desired schedule and which possibly is also capable of dialoguing with system A1 to coordinate fault actuation with the monitoring of the behavior of system A1 and equipment A.
In the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, each probe is also associated with a feedback unit able to send back towards device 1 a signal indicating current absorption in correspondence with fault insertion point Pi. This indication can be particularly interesting in those situations where the fault brings about an anomalous stress (for instance, a short-circuit load) on a unit like a driver, so that it is important to determine the intensity of the overload, in terms of delivered current, applied to that driver as an effect of the fault.
In all embodiments depicted in FIGS. 2 to 5, the basic component of probe 10 is a transistor 12, which preferably is an n-p-n bipolar transistor in the solutions shown in FIGS. 2 and 4 (relating to a probe which allows forcing the respective point Pi to ground voltage M) and is a p-n-p bipolar transistor in the solutions shown in FIGS. 3 and 5 (relating to a probe which allows forcing the respective fault point Pi to a fixed, positive reference+Vcc).
In practice, in all embodiments shown, the collector of transistor 12 corresponds to the terminal of probe 10 meant to be permanently or temporarily connected to the fault insertion point Pi. The emitter of transistor 12, on the other hand, corresponds to the terminal of the probe meant to be connected also permanently or temporarily, to the pre-set signal level. The same connection configuration can also be adopted for ECL logic circuits, operating between OV (ground M) and−5 V(−Vcc), by connecting the emitter of transistor 12 to voltage−Vcc (FIGS. 2 and 4) and to ground voltage M (FIGS. 3 and 5), respectively. In more general terms, the solutions using n-p-n transistor (FIGS. 2 and 4) allow forcing point Pi, connected to the transfer collector, to the lower one of the reference voltage levels, i.e. M (typically 0 Volts) or−Vcc (e.g.−5V). The solution with p-n-p transistor (FIGS. 3 and 5) allows instead to force point Pi to the higher reference voltage level, i.e.+Vcc or M, respectively.
In the diagrams of FIGS. 2 and 3, probe 10 is connected to control device 1 for instance by means of a coaxial cable of which shield 14 is connected to the reference voltage (ground M or power supply voltage±Vcc) and hence to the emitter of transistor 12, an internal conductor 16 is connected to the base of transistor 12 through a bias resistor 18 whose resistance is, for example, of the order of 100 ohm.
By the arrangement described, when transistor 12 is in cut-off condition the emitter and collector terminals can be seen as electrically insulated from each other, so that probe 10, even if it is connected to the fault insertion point (Pi), actually has no impact on equipment A (except for the considerations that follow). The manner for obtaining the cut-off condition are well know. When transistor 12 is brought to a saturation condition—in an equally known manner—the transistor will behave as a short circuit between the collector and emitter terminals. Point Pi is actually connected to ground level (FIGS. 2 and 4) or to power supply voltage Vcc (FIGS. 3 and 5). Under these conditions, the required fault insertion is accomplished.
The solutions shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 differ from the solutions shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, because of the presence of a resistor 20 whose resistance is, for example of the order of one Ohm. Resistor 20 is preferably connected in series with the emitter of transistor 12. Thus the current flowing in transistor 12 (between collector and emitter) when transistor 12 is in saturation condition, i.e. when the failure insertion is being performed, passes through resistor 20. The voltage across resistor 20 is a signal representative of the value of that current, which signal can be sent back towards device 1 through a feedback line, also comprising for example a coaxial cable with a shield 21 (usually connected electrically via 22 to shield 14 of the cable driving the base of transistor 12) and an internal conductor 23 connected to the emitter of transistor 12. As a consequence, cable 21, 23 carries a signal which is representative of current absorption in correspondence with fault insertion point Pi, thus allowing indications to be obtained on the electrical load induced on equipment A by the fault insertion.
The behavior just described in order to illustrate the general operating principles of probe 10 according to the invention constitutes an ideal model which fails to take into account the presence of the parasitic capacitance (CCB) between collector and base of transistor 12. Due to the existence of that capacitance whose value is of the order of one picofarad (pF), the presence of probe 10 connected to point Pi is not fully without influence, particularly when fault insertion is not being performed.
To understand this, reference is made to the diagram in FIG. 2 (the situation is identical for the diagram in FIG. 4 and complementary for the diagrams in FIGS. 3 and 5).
Under normal operating conditions of the equipment, i.e. when fault insertion is not being performed, the level of point Pi varies depending on the behavior of the signals which are present at that point (generally, binary signals). By way of example, point Pi will switch between ground level M (logic “0”) and level Vcc (logic “1”). In correspondence with the rising edges of the signal present on point Pi, the parasitic capacitance present between the collector and the base of transistor 12 tends to create such an electrical coupling between those terminals as to bring, at least for a brief instant, the base of transistor 12 to a level sufficient to make the base-emitter junction conduct. Consequently, there is a current flow through the collector and the emitter of transistor 12 itself. This results, in practice, into a rather “distorted” rising edge, that is voltage on point Pi does not grow steeply (step voltage) but rather with a more or less rounded edge influenced by the conduction phase induced into transistor 12.
The behavior 12 in the case of FIG. 4 is wholly similar. In the solutions depicted in FIGS. 3 and 5, on the other hand, a similar phenomenon affects the falling edges. In this case as well, the parasitic capacitive coupling between the collector and the base of transistor 12 is such as to make, at least for a brief interval, the emitter-base junction conduct. Thus transistor 12, at least temporarily, conducts and thus, again, “distorts” the aforesaid falling edges.
To obviate the aforesaid drawback, according to the invention a capacitor 19 is directly connected between the base and the emitter of transistor 12, said capacitor having a capacitance value generally higher, preferably by at least two orders of magnitude (hence a capacitance, for example, of 100 pF) than the parasitic capacitance existing between the collector and the base.
As shown by Applicant's experiments, and as can also be ascertained analytically, the presence of capacitor 19 is such as to contrast (and, for practical purposes, to cancel out) the tracking of the collector of transistor 12 by the transistor base due to the parasitic capacitive-coupling existing between those terminals.
In practice, thanks to the presence of capacitor 19 (a choice that goes against the conventional design rules for transistor circuits), probe 10 does not appreciably disturb equipment A, while performing, very precisely and reliably, failure insertion at local level (thus avoiding the typical drawbacks of those solutions which entail a sort of “transfer” of point Pi to the outside through longer or shorter conductors).
The probe according to the invention is preferably manufactured as depicted schematically in FIG. 6.
The body of probe 10, comprising circuit elements 12, 18, 19 (and, in the case of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, resistor 20), is preferably made as a miniaturized circuit, for instance with SMD (Surface Mounting Device) technology. The probe body thus appears as a small container, usually dipped in resin, whose size is of the order of a few millimeters. Two terminals 120, 121, corresponding to the emitter and to the collector of transistor 12, come out from the container and are meant for connection to board C in the way described above.
FIG. 6 (which specifically refers to the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 4 and 5) shows the shields of two coaxial cables for connection to device 1 (FIG. 1), which cables are equipped with respective connectors 140, 210 at the end remote from the probe body. Obviously, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 only one cable is present. Using coaxial connection cables is advantageous for the purpose of exactly maintaining the signal waveforms, especially with regard to absorbed current monitoring (resistor 20 and cable 21, 23).
1. A probe for fault actuation devices, arranged to force a test point of electronic equipment under test to a given signal level, the probe comprising a transistor having a control electrode and two circuit terminals which circuit terminals are connectable respectively to said test point and to said given signal level and means acting on the control electrode of the transistor for selectively switching the transistor between a cutoff condition and a conducting condition, the transistor in conducting condition being driven into saturation, causing said test point to be forced to said given signal level and a capacitor directly connected between the control electrode and a circuit terminal of the transistor opposite to said test point, which capacitor has substantially higher capacitance value than a value of parasitic capacitance existing between the control electrode and the circuit terminal of the transistor coupled to the test point.
2. The probe defined in claim 1 wherein the capacitance of said capacitor is higher by about two orders of magnitudes than said parasitic capacitance.
3. The probe defined in claim 2 wherein the capacitance of said capacitor is of the order of about 100 picofarad.
4. The probe defined in claim 1 wherein said transistor is a bipolar transistor having a collector connected to said point and an emitter coupled to the given signal level.
5. The probe defined in claim 4 wherein said transistor is an n-p-n transistor and said probe is arranged to force said test point to a minimum signal level.
6. The probe defined in claim 4 wherein said transistor is a p-n-p transistor and said probe is arranged to force said point to a maximum signal level.
7. The probe defined in claim 4 wherein the circuit terminal of the transistor which is coupled to the given signal level is coupled to the transistor via a resistor across which, when the transistor is in saturation, a voltage is present which is representative of current absorption in correspondence with said point when the point is forced to said given signal level.
8. The probe defined in claim 7 wherein said resistor is associated with at least one coaxial cable to convey a signal representative of said current absorption to the fault actuation device.
9. The probe defined in claim 4 manufactured as a miniaturized circuit.
10. The probe defined in claim 9 in the form of an SMD circuit.
11. The probe defined in claim 9 which comprises protruding conducting terminals corresponding to the circuit terminals of said transistor.
12. The probe defined in claim 4 wherein said means acting on the central electrode of the transister comprise at least one coaxial connection cable. | 2019-04-21T12:10:43Z | https://patents.google.com/patent/US6320390 | Porn | Business | 0.467697 |
wordpress | Given the amount of time I’ve spent on the radio with Tampa Bay Rays guys (and a huge thanks for Jason Collette for coming on the show and Jonah Keri who will be on tonight), I figured I had to talk about Joyce the player – no the novelist, I hated the Dubliners.
After being part of the Edwin Jackson trade, it seemed Joyce was primed for a consistent role with the major league club. That hasn’t been the case for a variety of reasons as Joyce has spent just 88 games with the big league club over the last two years.
Still, in his 261 plate appearances last year, there is clearly reason for optimism: he went .241/.360/.477 with 10 HRs, a 15.3% walk rate and a .236 ISO*.
While somewhat unreliable, you can look at Joyce’s 162-game average statistics and see a 25-homer guy quite easily. However, Joyce probably won’t get to play in 162 games as it appears the Rays will sit him against lefties, which makes some sense. So if you give him 120 games or so, you’ll get 420 plate appearances, which should help him push 20 HRs. He’ll probably fall short, but 20 is definitely within the plus/minus.
In addition, he should hit near .260 and add 60 runs/RBIs (given his impressive walk rate).
I like Joyce as a late round flier – and apparently others do to. He is someone for deep leagues and the last round of 12-teamers. Given he won’t be a full time player (nor would you want him batting against lefties because it would destroy his average), it’s hard to make him a true sleeper as he’ll only get the same amount of at bats as a catcher while playing a deep fantasy position.
I happen to be in a 7×7, 10 team league. So I won’t be drafting Matt Joyce, no matter what round he’s available.
On another note, what are your feelings on David Wright this season??
I know 3rd base is shallow, but he’s extremely overrated.
ESPN has him going 12th overall and before guys like Youkilis and Zimmerman.
The guy has no identity, and seems to be a boarderline headcase.
Does he hit for power or average? Because it definitely isn’t both.
Plus, his team is in shambles, in a variety of ways.
Not to mention, the ballpark is horrible.
All that said, I’d say he should be being drafted nowhere lower than high 20’s.
I kind of (totally) disagree with what you said – I have Wright #10 overall and i dont think 3b is all that shallow.
Over the last 3 seasons, DWright has averaged 24 HRs, 97 runs, 100 RBI, 20 SBs and a .297/.378 AVE/OBP – that’s very impressive.
Thanks so much for reading and posting – i love having these discussion with you!
The funny thing is, I actually took David Wright in the 2nd round(13th overall pick) of my draft 2 days ago, and I’ve regretted it since the second I put his name on the board(for the reasons I stated above).
Thanks to your rebuttal, I don’t feel nearly as bad as I did, about the pick.
But I still can’t say I’m not skeptical about every player on that pathetic Mets team. | 2019-04-23T04:06:07Z | https://h2hcorner.wordpress.com/2011/03/14/h2h-corner-knowing-adp-%E2%80%93-how-to-win-your-league-before-it-starts-matt-joyce/ | Porn | Sports | 0.955407 |
yahoo | Availing a good health insurance policy allows you to address medical and hospitalisation expenses without breaking the bank or causing undue stress on your monthly income. Additionally, if you choose a cashless facility, you don’t have to run around to arrange cash in times of medical emergencies. However, failure to renew your policy leads to its lapse and you can lose out on important benefits like these.
Timely renewal of your policy binds the insurer to continue covering your hospitalisation expenses in case of eventualities. This means you can enjoy medical coverage without any hiccups or gaps. In contrast, the failure to renew your policy leads to the nullification of your health plan, so the insurer is not under any obligation to address any claims. So, you’ll have to bear any and every medical expense that you incur in between the period of the lapse of your policy and the purchase of a new one.
Owing to increasing health risks, medical insurance premiums also head northwards with advancing age. Buying a health plan at a young age and renewing it in a timely fashion will give you affordable protection as the premiums are based on the terms and conditions when you first signed up. However, if you let the policy lapse, you’ll have to purchase a new one, and its premiums are calculated based on your prevailing age and the risk associated with it.
Every health insurance plan has a waiting period. Depending on the type of condition, the waiting period may vary from 30 days to 4 years. If your existing policy lapses and you avail a new one, you’ll have to serve the waiting period all over again. As a result, if you are hospitalised to be treated by the virtue of such conditions before the completion of the waiting period, you’ll be entitled to pay for the expenses for the same out of your pocket. To avoid sacrificing such accrued benefits, renew your policy on time.
Additionally, if you make a claim on a policy and let it lapse, the previous claim will be treated as a pre-existing condition. For instance, say that diabetes was not a pre-existing condition when you first signed up for a policy. You developed it eventually and were hospitalised for the same. While the insurer has to treat it as a regular illness and is bound to cover it, your diabetes will be treated as a pre-existing disease when fail to renew your policy and avail a new one. You’ll also be subject to a waiting period for the same.
For every claim-free year, health insurers reward you with a No Claim Bonus (NCB). This can either take the form of discounted premiums or a percentage increase in your sum insured. Most health insurers offer up to a 50% cumulative increase in the sum insured at no extra premium. Say that you have a policy with a sum insured of Rs.5 lakh and your insurer offers a 5% cumulative NCB. If you make no claims on the policy for 2 years and renew it on time, your sum insured at the end of 2 years will be Rs.5,51,250. If you continue renewing it on time, you’ll keep earning NCB subject to certain conditions. If you fail, you’ll have to relinquish this benefit.
Ensure that you renew your policy within the due date or grace period to enjoy the above benefits and avoid unnecessary hassles. The ideal time to renew your health plan is 10-15 days before the expiry. Some insurers also send renewal reminders via SMS and email in order to help you avoid a policy lapse. Use them to your advantage or set your own automatic reminders to stay on top of your insurance game. | 2019-04-26T16:47:04Z | https://in.finance.yahoo.com/news/why-renew-health-insurance-policy-094302621.html | Porn | Reference | 0.14037 |
wordpress | Here’s #12, the final poem in the brief series of favorite poems. I hope you’ve enjoyed them. If anything I think they demonstrate that my interests and moods vary and my poems go where they go.
This poem is from CRAWLY SCHOOL FOR BUGS, Boyds Mills Press, 2018. The book was chosen to represent Missouri at the 2018 National Book Fair in Washington D.C., which is attended by approximately 200,000 visitors. NCTE also selected the book as a Notable Book of Poetry for 2019. By invitation I will be at NCTE in Baltimore in November to serve on the panel that presents the winners and will read some of my poems to the audience.
Here’s #11 in the series of favorite poems. One more after this.
This one came from A PLACE TO START A FAMILY, Charlesbridge, 2018. National Science Teachers Association (NSTA) chose the book for its list of Outstanding Science Trade Books of the year and Pennsylvania School Librarians Association (PSLA) chose it for their Young Reader’s Choice Awards Program Master List, 2019 – 2020.
to make it hold you when you tread.
and at your leisure seal its fate.
to seek their fates across the yard.
Here’s #10 in the series of favorite poems. After this one I’ll post two more.
Appeared in the collection, NOW YOU SEE THEM, NOW YOU DON’T, Charlesbridge, 2016. The book was selected by National Council for Teachers of English as a Notable Book of Poems and by Society of Midland Authors as the best nonfiction children’s book of the year.
Here’s #9 in the list of my favorite poems.
“The Bunkhouse” appeared in COWBOYS, VOICES IN THE WESTERN WIND, Wordsong/Boyds Mills Press, 2012. The book was on South Dakota Children’s Book Awards reading list (2014-15) and nominated for Texas Bluebonnet Award (2012), Cybils Award (2012), and the Spur Award (2012).
Reckon this place could use a cleanin’.
fail to make it plum out the door.
got mostly recent papers pasted on.
while we catch up on the latest news.
Mighty warm in summer though.
but the stink’ll make your eyes water some.
and lamps burnin’ skunk fat oil.
Don’t much care for sleepin’ in.
Bugs gnaw plugs right outta your hide.
Reckon that’s why I spread my roll outdoors.
Here’s #8 on the list of my favorite poems.
This is the opening poem in PIRATES, Wordsong/Boyds Mills Press, 2008. The title was chosen to represent Missouri at the National Book Fair in Washington D.C., 2013. It was a NCTE Notable Book of Poetry, on the Texas Bluebonnet Master Reading List (2011-2012) as well as Kansas State Reading Circle List (2009) and Indiana Young Hoosier Book Award Master Reading List (2011-2012).
Times were hard for some men.
stealing a coin now and then.
was better than living like this. | 2019-04-22T06:27:43Z | https://davidlharrison.wordpress.com/category/a-post-i-recommend/ | Porn | Recreation | 0.644833 |
utoronto | The Trinity College Friends of the Library hold a spectacular book sale every October in Seeley Hall at Trinity College. Thanks to the many who have donated books to the sale and to our valued customers, the annual revenue in recent years has consistently reached or exceeded $120,000. Funds raised through the Book Sale support many projects and activities of Trinity's John W. Graham Library.
Over the course of the year, our dedicated volunteers carefully sort thousands of donated books into 70 academic and popular categories. At the sale you can find cookbooks, art books, musical scores, biographies, children's books, popular and classic literature, travel guides, academic monographs from a variety of disciplines, theology, religion, and many other categories. We also offer a significant selection of rare and unique items, as well as special editions.
Map: Seeley Hall, Trinity College, 6 Hoskin Avenue, Toronto (close to Museum and St. George subway stations).
Friday, October 25 | 10:00 a.m. - 9:00 p.m.
Saturday, October 26 | 10:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m.
Sunday, October 27 | 12:00 - 6:00 p.m.
Monday, October 28 | 10:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m.
Payment options available: Credit (VISA, MC, AMEX), debit cards, and cash.
Accessibility information: Second floor via stairs. There is an elevator available for those with accessibility requirements.
Your donations have made our sale a great success over the years and we greatly appreciate all books, CDs and DVDs that are in saleable condition. Please see the following FAQ about donating books.
We accept donations from January to August.
Donations of up to 20 boxes can be dropped off or a pick-up may be possible.
We only accept donations packed in LCBO sized boxes or bankers’ boxes with handles so that our volunteers can safely lift and move them. Books travel best when packed flat. Please be sure that the boxes are in good condition and properly sealed.
Can I drop off a donation?
Drop offs are accepted on Tuesdays from 10-3 (20 box maximum). To avoid possible delays, we recommend coming before 12:00 or after 1:00, if possible.
Please call 416-978-2522, extension 2006 prior to coming to the College to ensure that volunteers are available to handle your donation.
On Hoskin Avenue, come to the East side of the main College building (Queen’s Park side). Look for the driveway entrance in the low stone wall (see map below). Enter the driveway (please watch for pedestrians) and drive down the ramp to the garage doors. Call the same number as above (416-978-2522, extension 2006) and we will open the garage door to take your donation.
Please do not leave boxes outside, or in any other part of the College, as they will not be secure.
The final date drop-off donations will be accepted is Tuesday, August 27th.
Can I arrange for my donation to be picked up?
For donations of up to 20 boxes that you are unable to bring to the College, please leave a message for us at 416-978-6750, option 2, or email [email protected], giving us the number of boxes and your contact information. Depending on the availability of our volunteer drivers and your location, we will try to arrange a pick-up. All requests for donations to be picked up must be made by Friday, August 16th.
What if I have more than 20 boxes?
For donations of more than 20 boxes please contact the Friends at [email protected], or call 416-978-6750, option 2, giving the size of your donation and your contact information.
How do I volunteer for the sale?
Volunteers are needed throughout the year, especially people who have a vehicle and are willing to pick-up donations. Volunteers are also required during the sale. A variety of volunteer positions are available depending on your interests and experience.
To contact the Friends of the Library for further information, or if you wish to volunteer at the book sale, please phone 416-978-6750, option 2, and leave a message; someone will return your call within a couple of days. You may also e-mail [email protected]. | 2019-04-24T16:26:29Z | https://www.trinity.utoronto.ca/library_archives/friends/book_sale.html | Porn | Kids | 0.127628 |
wordpress | The Ugly American | Bing!
« Matters of Inches. No one knows.
I was “away from home” ever so briefly a week or so back. The colleagues I was due to meet and work with my first full morning abroad had yet to arrive, and given the beauty of the spring morning, I went out for a brief walk.
As I often do when traveling, I was looking with great interest at all that surrounded me, and I was snapping pictures. “Toto was not in Kansas anymore”, so to speak, and I wanted to remember what was all around me. It was then that I noticed the odd looks, if not stares, from those who quickly passed by on the street all around me.
“Touristen” was likely their thought. “I must look silly” was mine. Seeing the above captured “headless” reflection, I could not help recall that book from generations gone by “The Ugly American”.
As I looked up some summary info on the book, the following synopsis reminded me that lessons to learn, and awareness to maintain, is the same today as 30 or more years ago….and I’m glad I have the picture to prove it.
“This is a book that is certain to deepen students’ understanding of the complexity of international affairs. Its terse, episodic style and its many portraits of individuals engaged in the process of diplomacy give readers an important sense of the dimensions of the problems which receive such cursory treatment on the nightly news. The Ugly American is mandatory reading for the citizens of a participatory democracy, in terms of understanding the mistake of the past and in order to prevent their repetition in the future. | 2019-04-22T11:57:38Z | https://jbinghamoc.wordpress.com/2012/03/30/the-ugly-american/ | Porn | Reference | 0.821432 |
canalblog | At first I was not convinced with this card, but I always smile when I look at it, so I guess I just have to admit that I like it eventhough it looks very simple.
I wanted to use my ric-rac punch and some bright colors and here we are: a bright and sunny card!
Commentaires sur Because sometimes you need sunshine!! | 2019-04-25T23:47:31Z | http://chrissiescrap72.canalblog.com/archives/2014/08/20/30438672.html | Porn | Arts | 0.791001 |
wordpress | This entry was posted on March 13, 2012 at 3:40 am and is filed under Homilies, Lent, Liturgical Year. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Responses are currently closed, but you can trackback from your own site. | 2019-04-20T16:52:55Z | https://fatherwhite.wordpress.com/2012/03/13/3rd-sunday-of-lent-2012/ | Porn | Reference | 0.401243 |
google | A catheter connector including a valve assembly and an access cannula. The valve assembly includes a housing with a septum, a displaceable plunger, and a distal end adapted for insertion into a catheter. The access cannula includes a distal end configured to engage the plunger. Displacement of the plunger by the cannula establishes fluid communication between the cannula and housing.
This application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/987,647, filed Nov. 12, 2004, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/844,236, filed May 12, 2004, and a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/844,276, filed May 12, 2004, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,063,685, each of which is incorporated by reference into this application as if fully set forth herein.
There are a variety of conditions that require injection of fluids into, or withdrawal of fluids from, a patient's circulatory system. It is common to use an implanted catheter to repeatedly access the patient's vascular system. A flexible guidewire placed in the vascular system may be used to facilitate placement of the catheter, but its use would prevent the physician from capping the proximal end of the catheter to prevent fluid from exiting the catheter or air from entering the vascular system through the catheter during placement. After catheter placement, it is common to attach a valve cap or other terminating device to the proximal end of the catheter to prevent fluid from exiting the catheter or air from entering the vascular system through the catheter. However, in case of accidental separation of the valve cap from the catheter, the distal end of the catheter would then be exposed to the environment outside the body of the patient. The exposed catheter lumen may increase the patient's risk of blood loss, air embolism, or infection.
The use of a cap or adapter to seal the proximal end of a catheter may increase the risk of trapping air pockets within the lumen of the catheter, resulting in an air embolism. Furthermore, during a treatment process requiring infusion of multiple fluids through the implanted catheter, the physician may inadvertently leave the lumens unprotected between procedures, and expose one or more of the lumens to possible contaminations. Thus, an improved catheter access interface may allow easy access to the catheter lumen and at the same time provide better protection against contamination and infection. In addition, an improved catheter access interface may also be configured for utilization as a needle-less access interface for an implanted catheter.
Therefore, a catheter including a self-sealing proximal lumen opening and a corresponding connector for accessing the catheter lumen may be desirable. In particular, a multi-lumen interface with self-sealing mechanisms may be especially desirable in medical procedures where infusion of multiple fluids and/or medications is required.
Accordingly, described herein is a catheter interconnecting interface that provides a self-sealing capability to the proximal end of a catheter and a corresponding connector for releasing the seal and accessing the catheter lumen. In one aspect of the invention, a multi-lumen catheter is configured with a valve positioned at the proximal opening of each of the lumens. A corresponding connector is provided for opening the valves and providing fluid communication between the catheter lumens and a purity of extension legs on the connector.
In one variation, the catheter device comprises a catheter valve assembly and an extension leg unit. The catheter valve assembly has a proximal opening for receiving a lumen insert on the extension leg unit. The valve in the catheter valve assembly is opened by inserting the lumen insert into the proximal end of the catheter valve assembly, and the valve is closed by retracting the lumen insert from the catheter valve assembly. The catheter valve assembly may be integrated within the proximal end of a catheter. In another variation, the catheter valve assembly comprises a housing with a lumen. The proximal end of the lumen is configured to receive the lumen insert, while the distal end of the housing is configured for connection to a catheter. The catheter may be connected to the housing through a releasable interface. In another variation, a permanent connection may be established between the housing and the catheter.
In another variation, the catheter valve assembly and its corresponding extension leg unit are configured to support a multi-lumen catheter. Each of the lumens in the catheter valve assembly may be provided with a corresponding valve to prevent fluid outflow (i.e., retrograde backflow). A plurality of lumen inserts may be provided on the extension leg unit for opening the valves and providing fluid communication channels to the lumens in the catheter. A plurality of extension legs may extend from the proximal end of the extension leg unit for accessing the lumens in the catheter. In one example, each of the lumens within the catheter is provided with a corresponding extension leg on the extension leg unit, which allows the user to establish fluid communication with each of the lumens independently. Optionally, each of the extension legs may be connected to an extension catheter or tubing. The extension catheters may be attached to the extension leg unit through a removable connection. In another variation, the extension catheters may be permanently connected to the extension leg unit.
In another aspect of the invention, a catheter valve assembly is provided at the proximal end of a catheter to serve as an access interface. In one variation, the catheter valve assembly comprises a housing with a single spring-load valve which actively seals access to one or more chambers in the housing. The catheter valve assembly may be configured to support a catheter including a plurality of lumens. The housing with a single spring-load valve actively seals access to a plurality of chambers in the housing. Each of the chambers is in fluid communication with a corresponding fluid channel. A cannula is provided for interfacing with the valve assembly. The cannula has a plurality of lumens matching the number of chambers in the housing. The cannula is further configured with a sealed distal end, and a side port is provided for each of the lumens. When the cannula is inserted into the housing, the distal end of the cannula displaces the spring loaded valve and establishes fluid communication channels between each of the lumens in the cannula with a corresponding chamber in the housing through the lumen's side port. In another design variation, the catheter assembly with the spring-loaded valve is configured for providing a bifurcating connection to a single lumen catheter. A single lumen cannula with dual side ports is configured for insertion into the valve assembly including two chambers, such that fluid communication can be established between the two chambers in the housing and the single lumen in the cannula.
In yet another aspect of the invention, the catheter valve assembly is configured as a single lumen catheter access system. In one variation, the valve assembly comprises a housing supporting an access tubing. The proximal end of a catheter may be connected to the distal end of the housing such that the lumen of the catheter is in fluid communication with the lumen of the access tubing. The proximal end of the access tubing is closed while one or more orifices are provided on the circumferential surface of the access tubing. Within the housing, a low durometer polymeric material (e.g., silicone, closed cell foam rubber, etc.) surrounds the distal portion of the access tubing and seals the orifices on the access tubing. An access cannula which may be attached to an extension catheter may be provided for interfacing with the access tubing in the housing. When the distal end of the access cannula is inserted into the housing and over the access tubing, the seal around the tubing orifice is displaced, and the proximal portion of the access tubing is positioned within the lumen of the access cannula. The proximal portion of the access cannula has a larger inner diameter than the outer diameter of the access tubing, such that the inner lumen of the access cannula can establish fluid communication with the inner lumen of the access tubing through the tubing orifices. The distal end of the access cannula may be tapered such that it can surround the outer periphery of the access tubing to provide a fluid seal when the access tubing inserted inside the distal lumen of the access cannula.
In addition, methods for establishing fluid communications at the proximal end of a catheter are also disclosed. In one variation, the method comprises inserting lumen inserts into the proximal end of a catheter to displaced valves positioned within the lumens of the catheter. Each of the valves may comprise a unidirectional valve (e.g., duck-bill valve, bi-leaf valve, etc.). The lumen inserts may be connected to a distal end of a housing, with extension legs at the proximal end of the housing for connection to extension tubings. Once the lumen inserts from the housing are inserted into their corresponding lumens at the proximal end of the catheter, fluid communication is established between each of the lumens within the catheters and a corresponding extension leg on the housing. A hemodialysis machine may be connected to the housing through the extension tubings which can be attached to the extension legs. To disconnect the hemodialysis machine from the patient, the operator may simply remove the housing and in the process retract the lumen inserts from the proximal end of the catheter. Once the lumen inserts are removed, the valves within the catheter lumens closes by themselves without further intervention by the operator.
In another variation, the method comprises inserting a cannula into a proximal end of a valve assembly to establish fluid communication with a catheter connected at the distal end of the valve assembly. In one example, the valve assembly comprises a depressible valve, and the cannula includes a blunt distal end for engaging the depressable valve. As the cannula is inserted into the valve assembly, the depressable valve is displaced, and fluid communication is established between the plurality of lumens within the catheter and the plurality of lumens within the cannula. In one variation, the cannula comprises two lumens and each of the lumens has an orifice located on a circumferential surface of the cannula. Insertion of the cannula into the valve assembly establishes fluid communication from each of the cannula lumen through its orifice on the cannula surface to a corresponding catheter lumen. Once the cannula is removed from the valve assembly, the valve closes and seals the proximal end of the catheter.
The implementation of the catheter valve assembly and its corresponding extension leg unit provides various advantages, which may include one or more of the following: (1) the removable extension leg unit may allow the physician to easily disengage multiple fluid infusion lines to a catheter, while simultaneously sealing all access ports without additional efforts; (2) the catheter valve assembly may prevent infection, limit backflow, and minimize embolism by keeping the proximal end of the catheter closed except when accessed by the extension leg unit or the corresponding access cannula; (3) the catheter with the proximal end valve assembly may improve patient safety by insuring that the proximal end of the catheter is closed except when it is properly accessed; (4) the catheter with the valve assembly may be accessed multiple times without requiring replacement; (5) in some variations the catheter valve assembly may allow selective access of individual lumen while keeping the unused lumens sealed; (6) the catheter valve assembly may have built-in safety features to prevent accidental opening of the valve; and (7) because a blood clot begins to form when blood is exposed to air, the automatic closure of the valves immediately upon disengagement of the removable extension leg unit or the access cannula may minimize coagulation within the catheter lumen.
FIG. 1 (left) illustrates the proximal portion of a dual lumen catheter with an integrated valve assembly. FIG. 1 (right) illustrates the corresponding extension leg unit. The extension leg unit comprises a removable bifurcate including two lumen inserts at the distal end for engaging the valves in the catheter valve assembly.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the catheter and the corresponding extension leg unit of FIG. 1. The catheter and the extension leg unit are shown in a disengaged position.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the interlocking of the extension leg unit with the catheter. As shown, the lumen inserts engage the valves in the catheter and keep the valves open.
FIG. 4 illustrates another variation where the catheter valve assembly is configured as a separate unit for connection to the proximal end of a catheter to control flow and provide the interface to an extension leg unit.
FIG. 5 illustrates yet another variation where the catheter device comprises a triple lumen catheter with a catheter valve assembly integrated within the proximal end of the catheter. A corresponding extension leg unit with three leg extensions for engaging the three lumens at the proximal end of the catheter is also shown.
FIG. 6A illustrates one variation of a dual lumen catheter valve assembly, comprising a depressable plunger, and its corresponding blunt cannula for accessing the valve assembly.
FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of the valve assembly and its corresponding cannula of FIG. 6A.
FIG. 6C is a cross-sectional view of the valve assembly of FIG. 6A, shown with the cannula depressing the plunger and accessing the valve assembly. One possible fluid flow implementation is illustrated with arrows showing the dual lumen catheter being utilized to support simultaneous inflow and outflow of fluids.
FIG. 6D is a plain view of the septum implemented in the valve assembly of FIG. 6A. The septum is shown from its proximal end, viewed down its longitudinal axis toward its distal end.
FIG. 6E is a cross-sectional view of the septum of FIG. 6D, with the section taken along its longitudinal axis.
FIG. 6F is a cross-sectional view of the septum of FIG. 6E, with the section taken at A-A as indicated in FIG. 6E.
FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional view of another variation of a dual lumen catheter valve assembly, comprising a depressable plunger, and its corresponding blunt cannula for accessing the valve assembly. The valve is shown fully closed.
FIG. 7B illustrates the valve assembly of FIG. 7A with the blunt cannula engaging the plunger of the valve. The valve is shown partially accessed.
FIG. 7C illustrates the valve assembly of FIG. 7A with the valve fully accessed.
FIG. 8A illustrates another variation of a dual lumen catheter valve assembly, comprising a despressable plunger, and its corresponding blunt cannula for accessing the valve assembly.
FIG. 8B is a cross-sectional view of the dual lumen catheter valve assembly of FIG. 8A. The valve is shown fully closed.
FIG. 8C illustrates the valve assembly of FIG. 8A with the valve partially accessed.
FIG. 8D illustrates the valve assembly of FIG. 8A with the valve fully accessed.
FIG. 8E is a plain view of the septum implemented in the valve assembly of FIG. 8A. The septum is viewed from the proximal end towards the distal end.
FIG. 8F is a side view of the septum of FIG. 8E.
FIG. 9A illustrates a side view of one variation of a valve assembly where the accessing cannula is integrated within a housing. The cannula housing is configured to engage the valve assembly housing and property orient the ports on the cannula when the cannula is inserted into the valve assembly.
FIG. 9B is a top view of the valve assembly of FIG. 9A.
FIG. 9C is a cross-sectional view of the valve assembly of FIG. 9B. The access cannula and its supporting housing are shown disengaged from the valve assembly.
FIG. 9D illustrates the valve assembly of FIG. 9C with the access cannula fully engaging the valve.
FIG. 9E illustrates a pair of removal tool being positioned for disengaging the access cannula from the valve assembly.
FIG. 10A illustrates another variation of a valve assembly where the access cannula supporting housing is configured with latches for securing the access cannula unit to the valve assembly housing. An optional removal tool for disengaging the latches is also shown.
FIG. 10B is a side view of the valve assembly and its corresponding access cannula unit of FIG. 10A.
FIG. 11A is a side view of another variation of valve assembly and its corresponding access unit with detachable clips provided for securing the access unit to the valve assembly housing. The access unit is shown separated from the valve assembly.
FIG. 11B shows the valve assembly and the corresponding access unit of FIG. 11A with the access unit engaging the valve assembly. The clips are shown engaging the valve assembly housing and securing the access unit to the valve assembly housing.
FIG. 12 illustrates another variation of an access unit where the access cannula bifurcates at the proximal end, and the housing supporting the cannula is provided with two channels to supporting fluid communications to two separate catheters that are connected to the proximal end of the cannula housing.
FIG. 13A is a cross-sectional view illustrating a variation of an adapter cap for accessing a valve assembly. The corresponding valve assembly is also shown.
FIG. 13B illustrates the adapter cap of FIG. 13A engaging its corresponding valve assembly. The valve is forced open to allow a guidewire to pass through the valve assembly.
FIG. 14A illustrates another variation of a valve assembly with an integrated safety sealing disk. The safety sealing disk prevents air or fluid leak if the sealing plunger is inadvertently depressed. The corresponding access cannula is also shown.
FIG. 14B illustrates the valve assembly of FIG. 13A with the corresponding access cannula engaging the valve assembly. The access cannula is shown in a partially inserted position and engaging both the plunger and the safety sealing disk.
FIG. 14C illustrates the valve assembly of FIG. 13B with the plunger and the safety disk fully depressed, allowing fluids to flow through the valve assembly.
FIG. 14D is a frontal view of the valve assembly of FIG. 14A viewed from the distal end of the valve assembly along the longitudinal axis of the valve assembly towards the proximal end.
FIG. 14E is an end view of the safety sealing disk implemented within the valve assembly of FIG. 14A.
FIG. 14F is a side view of the sealing housing implemented within the valve assembly of FIG. 14A.
FIG. 14G is an end view of the sealing housing of FIG. 14F, shown from the distal end along the longitudinal axis towards the proximal end.
FIG. 15A illustrates yet another variation of a valve assembly with an integrated safety sealing disk. The safety sealing disk prevents air or fluid leak if the sealing plunger is inadvertently depressed. The corresponding access cannula is also shown.
FIG. 15B shows the valve assembly of FIG. 15A with its corresponding access cannula engaging the plunger and the safety sealing disk to keep the valve open for fluid flow.
FIG. 15C is an end view of the safety sealing disk implemented within the valve assembly of FIG. 15A. The safety sealing disk is viewed from the proximal end towards the distal end.
FIG. 15D is a side view of the safety sealing disk of FIG. 15C.
FIG. 15E is an end view of the septum implemented within the valve assembly of FIG. 15A.
FIG. 15F is a side view of the septum of FIG. 15E.
FIG. 16A illustrates another variation of valve assembly supporting single lumen catheter connections. The corresponding access cannula is also shown.
FIG. 16B is a cross-sectional view of the valve assembly of FIG. 16A.
FIG. 16C illustrates the access cannula engaging the valve assembly of FIG. 16B. The valve is opened to allow fluids to flow through the valve assembly.
FIG. 16D is a side view of the of the access tubing of the valve assembly of FIG. 16B.
FIG. 16E is a side view of the access tubing of FIG. 16D with the access tubing rotated 90 degrees along the longitudinal axis of the access tubing.
FIG. 16F is an end view of the sealing housing shown from the proximal end along the longitudinal axis toward the distal end.
FIG. 16G is a side view of the sealing housing of FIG. 16F.
FIG. 17A illustrates another variation of a single lumen catheter connector with a valve assembly comprising a plurality of polymeric disks layered one over the other.
FIG. 17B shows the three polymeric disks and the house chamber of the valve assembly of FIG. 17A in a disassembled condition.
FIG. 18A is a cross-sectional view illustrating another variation of a catheter valve assembly implanted under the skin of a patient. The corresponding access cannula is also shown.
FIG. 18B illustrates the access cannula engaging the valve assembly of FIG. 17A. The valve is shown in an opened position to allow fluid flow.
The following detailed description should be read with reference to the drawings, in which like elements in different drawings may be identically numbered. The drawings, which are not necessarily to scale, depict selected embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The detailed description illustrates by way of example, not by way of limitation, the principles of the invention. This description will clearly enable one skilled in the art to make and use the invention, and describes several embodiments, adaptations, variations, alternatives and uses of the invention, including what is presently believed to be the best mode of carrying out the invention.
Before describing the present invention, it is to be understood that unless otherwise indicated this invention need not be limited to applications in humans. As one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate, variations of the invention may be applied to other mammals as well. Moreover, it should be understood that embodiments of the present invention may be applied in combination with various catheters, drug pumps, and infusion devices.
A hemodialysis catheter is used herein as an example application of the extension leg unit with its corresponding valve assembly to illustrate various aspects of the invention disclosed herein. One of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure would appreciate that the valve assembly disclosed herein may be applicable with various catheters for infusion of fluids into the circulatory system in various medical applications. It is also contemplated that the access cannula or extension leg unit with its corresponding valve assembly described herein may be implemented with various fluid infusion lines and catheters, including, but not limited to, hemodialysis catheters, central line catheters and contrast dye injection catheters.
It must also be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, the term “a lumen” is intended to mean a single lumen or a combination of lumens, “a fluid” is intended to mean one or more fluids, or a mixture thereof. Furthermore, the words “proximal” and “distal” refer to directions closer to and away from, respectively, a physician operating the implanted catheter with the tip-end (i.e., distal end) of the catheter inserted inside a patient's body. Thus, for example, the catheter end inserted inside a patient's circulatory system would be the distal end of the catheter, while the catheter end outside the patient's body would be the proximal end of the catheter.
The catheter device with a valve assembly may be used for facilitating the introduction/removal of a fluid into/from a patient's body. The catheter valve assembly may be temporarily attached to the proximal end of the catheter or it may be integrated within the proximal portion of the catheter body. In one aspect of the invention, a removable extension leg unit is implemented for accessing the valve assembly. The distal end of the removable extension leg unit is designed for coupling with the catheter valve assembly at the proximal end of the catheter. The proximal end of the extension leg unit may be coupled to an electromechanically powered and/or magnetically coupled vascular pump to permit assisted flow of a fluid into or out of the patient's body. Bi-directional flow may be achieved with the implementation of multi-lumen catheter.
The catheter valve assembly at the proximal end of the catheter may be configured with an orifice that is large enough to allow the passage of a guidewire and/or introducer (e.g., dilator). Fluid valves, such as polymeric duck-bill valves or bi-leaf valves, which are compatible with the guidewire, may be implemented to support “over the guidewire” placement of the catheter. The fluid valves may prevent bleed-back or air embolism during the placement of the catheter. In one design variation, the catheter valve assembly is configured with lumens matching the lumens within the catheter. Each of the lumens within the catheter valve assembly may be configured with a cross-sectional area that is +/−10% of the cross-sectional area of its corresponding catheter lumen. In another variation, each of the lumens within the catheter valve assembly matches the lumen of its corresponding catheter lumen. For example, the valves may be built into the lumen of the catheter.
As is apparent from the figures, the catheter valve assembly at the proximal end of the catheter controls fluid flow into and out of the proximal end of the catheter. In one variation, each of the lumens is configured with a valve. In one particular design, a unidirectional valve (e.g., duck-bill valve, etc.) that allows fluid to flow into the catheter lumen but prevents fluid from flowing out at the proximal end of the catheter is implemented within the valve assembly. The unidirectional valves may be configured such that the physician may selectively inject fluids into one of the plurality of lumens directly without the use of the extension leg unit. The pressure from the injected fluid opens the valve and allows inflow of the fluid. Since the unused lumens are sealed by their corresponding unidirectional valve, the physician does not have to worry about backflow coming out of the unused lumens. In the lumen utilized for fluid injection, once the inflow of the fluid stops, the valve returns to the closed position. The syringe used for fluid injection may have a tip configured to fit into the lumen opening at the proximal end of the catheter valve assembly to provide sealed connection for the injection of the fluid. In another variation, the infusion syringe/instrument may be configured with an extended distal tip that can be inserted into the lumen and through the valve, such that insertion of the extended distal tip forces the valve open. As a result, as long as the extended syringe tip is inserted inside the valve assembly, the valve is kept open, and fluid may be infused or withdrawn by the syringe. Once the syringe is removed, the valve closes.
To utilize the plurality of lumens in the catheter simultaneously, an extension leg unit is provided for engaging the valve assembly. The extension leg unit may be provided with a plurality of lumen inserts for insertion into the catheter valve assembly at the proximal end of the catheter. The lumen inserts force the valves open and establishes fluid inflow/outflow pathways for each of the lumens in the catheter. The valves within the catheter valve assembly may comprise duck-bill valves, bi-leaf valves, spring-loaded valves, etc. For example, the valve can be a spring-like biasing mechanism that is coupled to a luer fitting at the proximal end of the catheter valve assembly. When a corresponding extension leg unit is attached to the catheter valve assembly, the pressure from the insertion of the extension leg unit is transferred to the spring, opening the valve. In the default position, with the extension leg unit disengaged, the valve is biased in the closed position by the spring.
As discussed earlier, unidirectional valves may be advantageous in some applications. In the default state (i.e., extension leg unit not connected), the unidirectional valves prevent fluids from exiting the proximal end of the catheter but allow fluid inflow. When the extension leg unit is connected, the unidirectional valves are kept open and fluid may flow in either direction. For example, the valve may comprise a duck-bill valve that opens when the lumen insert at the distal end of the extension leg unit is inserted into the mouth of the duck-bill valve and forces the two valve leafs to part laterally. The valve may include silicone or other polymeric materials.
In another variation, bidirectional valves that are configured to resist low fluid pressure in the lumen of the catheter and can be forced open through the insertion of lumen inserts may also be utilized. For example, a silicone barrier with one or more pre-cut slit may be implemented as a valve within the valve assembly. The elasticity of the silicone can resist the normal fluid pressure within the catheter lumen and prevent fluid backflow. When the extension leg unit is attached to the catheter valve assembly, the lumen insert pushes through the slit within the silicone barrier and forms a flow-path through the barrier.
Referring to FIG. 1, one variation of a removable extension leg unit 2 (right side of the figure) and a corresponding catheter 4 with a catheter valve assembly 6 (left side of the figure) are illustrated. In this particular variation, the extension leg unit 2 comprises a removable bifurcate including two extension legs 8, 10 at the proximal end 12 and two lumen inserts 14, 16 at the distal end 18. A luer connector 20 is provided for securing the extension leg 2 unit to the proximal end 22 of the catheter 4. The catheter valve assembly 6 is integrated within the proximal portion of the dual lumen catheter 4. Within each of the catheter lumen 24, 26 is a fluid valve 28, 30 positioned close to the proximal opening. In this particular design, each of the fluid valves 28, 30 comprises a duck-bill valve as shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the extension leg unit 2 and the catheter 4 of FIG. 1. The catheter valve assembly 6 and the extension leg unit 2 can be engaged by inserting the lumen inserts 14, 16 into the lumens 24, 26 of the catheters, as shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 3 shows the extension leg unit 2 engaged to the catheter 4 via the valve assembly 6. As shown, each of the two lumen inserts 14, 16 diverts the leaflets of the corresponding valve towards the inner wall of the catheter lumen and establishes a continuous fluid pathway from the lumen 24, 26 of the catheter, through the valve 28, 30 and into the corresponding extension leg 8, 10. In one embodiment, the catheter valve assembly 6 is configured for repeated and/or prolonged access and does not interfere with fluid flow when valves are opened. In the particular variation shown in FIG. 3, the lumen inserts 14, 16 isolate the valves 28, 30 from the fluid and prevent the valves 28, 30 from interfering with the fluid flow in any way.
In this variation, the luer connector 20 is provided around the distal end of the extension leg unit 2, and corresponding luer interface 32 is provided around the shaft of the catheter 4 at the proximal end of the catheter. The luer connector 20 provides for protection against accidental disconnection of the extension leg unit 2 from the proximal end of the catheter 4. The luer connector 20 can be rotated around the lumen inserts 14, 16, such that once the lumen inserts 14, 16 are inserted into the proximal end 22 of the catheter 4, the luer connector 20 can be rotated to engage the corresponding thread 34 on the circumferential surface at the proximal end of the catheter body 4. The luer connector fits axially about the distal portion of the extension leg unit 2. The inner surface of the luer connector 36 is appropriately threaded such that it can be selectively attached to the threaded portion 34 of the catheter body 4 to secure the catheter 4 to the extension leg unit 2. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the luer connector 20 may include female threads to selectively receive the male threads formed around the shaft of the catheter.
In another variation, the catheter device may further comprise a coupling lock that detachably locks the proximal end of the extension leg set to the catheter valve assembly. In one embodiment, the coupling lock is integrally connected to the extension leg unit and/or the catheter shaft. While FIGS. 1-3 show the luer connector on the extension leg unit, the position of the luer connector may be reversed such that the male side of the luer interface can be on proximal end of the catheter and the female side of the luer interface can be on the extension leg unit.
The catheter device described herein may also include a compression sleeve that fits axially about the distal portion of the extension leg unit around the lumen inserts, as well as fitting axially about each of the extension legs. The compression sleeve may be formed of malleable material so as to provide further compression on the connection between the connecting catheter/tubing and its corresponding connector. For example, luer connection and the compression sleeve may be implemented together to create a force to prevent inadvertent separation of the extension catheter or tube from the extension leg after the extension leg has been inserted into the lumen of the extension catheter/tubing. In another variation, the compression sleeve may be placed on the multi-lumen catheter to secure the catheter on the lumen inserts.
In one embodiment, the catheter has a first and second lumen 24, 26 as shown in FIG. 1. Each of the first and second lumens 24, 26 has a generally D-shaped cross-section. A longitudinally extending wall 38 defines the two lumens 24, 26 along the length of the catheter body 4. Each lumen 24, 26 connect to a respective lumen insert 14, 16 for fluid communication therewith. As shown in FIG. 2, the connection between the proximal portions of each of the extension leg 8, 10 and the distal portion of an extension catheter or tubing is an overlapping fitted connection. However, any other appropriate fastening means, such as detents may be used. In another variation, the proximal end of each leg extension is configured with a female luer interface for connection to an extension tubing's male luer distal tip. In addition, ribs 40 or grooves may be provided on the circumferential surface of the leg extension 8, 10 to improve connection between the leg extensions and their corresponding extension tubings.
Markings, indicators and/or coloring may be provided on the extension leg unit and the proximal portion of the catheter to assist the operator in matching the proper connections between each of the lumen inserts and its corresponding lumen within the catheter. To further ensure matched correspondence, the catheter tips at the proximal end of the catheter, the lumen inserts, and the extension legs may follow the same marking pattern. Thus, the first indicator is associated with one of the lumen inserts and a second indicator is associated with the other lumen insert, such that the first indicator and the second indicator define a correspondence between that lumen insert and an associated catheter lumen. In addition, the corresponding leg extension may be provided with the same indicator. While the indicator may be a visual indicator, such as color or lettering, a multi-lumen catheter with an extension leg attachment utilizing any indicator, visual, tactile, or otherwise, should be considered within the scope of the invention.
For example, the catheter may be a dialysis catheter with staggered lumen openings at the distal end of the catheter. One may provide blue and red markings on the catheter body corresponding to the lumens representing the arterial-line and the venous-line in the dialysis catheter. The lumen inserts and the extension legs on the extension leg unit may also be correspondingly marked with red and blue to prevent the operator from accidentally connecting the venous feed from the dialysis machine to the arterial-line on the catheter.
In another aspect of the invention, the catheter device comprises a catheter valve assembly 6 with a distal end 42 for connection to the proximal end 22 of a catheter 4, and a proximal end 44 for connection to the distal end 18 of an extension leg unit 2, as shown in FIG. 4. The distal end 42 of the catheter valve assembly 6 may comprise an oversleeve 46 for receiving the distal portion 48 of the catheter 4 and allowing the catheter 4 to be solvent-bond to the distal end of the catheter valve assembly 6. In another variation, the distal end 42 of the valve assembly 6 may comprise various locking interfaces with corresponding locking interfaces provided on the proximal end 22 of the catheter 4 for connecting the catheter 4 to the valve assembly 6. In the particular variation shown in FIG. 4, the catheter valve assembly 6 supports two lumens 50, 52. The distal end of each lumen exits in a corresponding lumen insert 54, 56 configured for insertion into one of the lumens 24, 26 at the proximal end 22 of the catheter 4. Although semi-circular lumen shapes are illustrated here, one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that other geometries may also be implemented within the corresponding lumens. The proximal ends 44 of the catheter valve assembly 6 are configured to receive the lumen inserts 14, 16 from the extension leg unit 2. A valve 28, 30 is configured within each of the lumens 50, 52 in the catheter valve assembly 6 to prevent retrograde fluid flow when the extension leg unit 2 is disengaged from the catheter valve assembly 6. When the extension leg unit 2 is connected to the proximal end 44 of the catheter valve assembly 6, the lumen inserts 14, 16 from the extension leg unit are inserted into their corresponding lumens 50, 52 in the catheter valve assembly 6, forcing the valves 28, 30 to open. Various locking mechanisms that were described earlier may also be configured here for connecting the extension leg unit 2 to the catheter valve assembly 6. An adapter comprising a valve assembly 6, such as the one illustrated in FIG. 4, may also be implemented for connecting an extension catheter to the proximal end of an implanted catheter.
In another variation, the catheter adapter with an integrated valve assembly may be configured with an antithrombogenic agent and/or an antibacterial agent. An antithrombogenic agent or material may be placed inside the lumens of the adapter to prevent coagulation and formation of thrombus within the adapter. For example, an antithrombogenic agent (e.g., heparinized hydrophilic polymer, various heparin complexes, etc.) may be coated on the inner surface of the adapter's lumens. In another variation, an antibacterial agent or material may be placed within the lumens of the adapter to serve as a bacterial barrier to prevent migration of infective agents into the lumens of an implanted catheter. For example, the adapter may comprise of an antibacterial polymer. In another variation, the inner lumens of the adapter may be coated with an antibacterial agent (e.g., polymer integrated with antibiotic such as gentamicin, nitrofurazone, Minocycline-rifampin, etc.). In anther variation, the polymeric valves within the valve assembly comprise a polymer impregnated with an antithrombogenic and/or an antibacterial agent. Furthermore, an antibacterial agent may also be provided on the outer surface of the adapter.
As stated above, the invention is described with a design containing two lumen inserts and a catheter valve assembly integrated within the tubing at the proximal end of a dual-lumen catheter. The present invention should not be limited, however, to this embodiment. Other appropriate configurations should be considered within the scope of the present invention. For example, the catheter tube and corresponding lumen inserts may be a series of concentric tubes of varying diameter. In another variation, the invention may provide a similar configuration to that described hereinabove with three (or more) lumen inserts and a triple (or more) lumen catheter tube.
FIG. 5 illustrates one design variation of a triple lumen configuration. In this variation, the catheter 62 comprises three pie-shaped lumens 64, 66, 68. Each of the catheter lumens 64, 66, 68 has an integrated valve positioned close to its proximal opening. An extension leg unit 70 supporting three lumen inserts 72, 74, 76 is configured for connecting extension tubings to the catheter 62. The three lumen inserts 72, 74, 76 may be placed into the three corresponding lumen openings 64, 66, 68 at the proximal end 78 of the catheter 62. The insertion of the lumen inserts 72, 74, 76 forces the valves in the catheter to open and establishes fluid communication from each of the lumens 64, 66, 68 to one of the three extension legs 80, 82, 84 at the proximal end 86 of the extension leg unit 70. Each of the three leg extensions 80, 82, 84 may be connected to an extension tubing or catheter. In another variation, the triple lumen configuration may be implemented with three circular lumens, instead of the three pie-shaped lumens.
In another variation, the catheter device is configured with fluid valves that allow introduction of an introducer (dilator) and/or guidewire through the catheter device. For example, a duck-bill valve positioned in the lumen of the catheter may be configured to accommodate a dilator. As the dilator is inserted into the proximal end of the catheter, the valve leaf of the duck-leaf valve is forced against the wall of the catheter and allows the dilator to be advanced toward the distal end of the catheter. One of ordinary skill in the art, having the benefit of this disclosure would appreciate that other polymeric valves or compressible/retractable valve mechanisms may also be implemented.
It should be appreciated in view of this disclosure that the catheter device described herein may be configured to permit reverse tunneling of an associated catheter. In the variation shown in FIG. 1, the proximal end 22 of the catheter 4 has a profile similar to the mid-shaft 23 of the catheter 4 such that it can be easily reverse tunneled through a small channel in the body of the patient. In comparison, if the catheter had a large valve mechanism at its proximal end, it would be difficult to pass the proximal end of the catheter with a large surface profile through a small channel created within the body of the patient. In one particular design, the proximal portion of the catheter, which houses the valve assembly, has a cross-sectional area that is no more than 10% larger than the cross-sectional area at the mid-shaft of the catheter body. In another design variation, the proximal portion of the catheter has a cross-sectional area that is no more than 5% larger than the cross-sectional at the mid-shaft of the catheter body.
Because the extension leg unit may comprise low cost polymeric materials, the extension leg unit may be dispensed after one treatment. The use of a new extension leg unit for each treatment may decrease the risk of infection. In some applications, such as chemotherapy treatment, it may be desirable to dispose of the extension leg unit and the associated extension tubings that are connected to the extension legs. Furthermore, blood filters, drug infusion pumps, and other medical instrumentation may be connected to a new extension leg unit prior to connection of the extension leg unit to the catheter, thereby enabling ease of connection of the patient's implanted catheter to a plurality of tubings or fluid sources. For example, the arterial-line and the venous-line of the dialysis machine may be connected to an extension leg unit prior to the patient's arrival. Once the patient is ready, the patient can be quickly hooked up to the dialysis machine by simply connecting the proximal end of the implanted dialysis catheter to the extension leg unit. After treatment, patient may be quickly disconnected from all the tubings by simply disconnecting the extension leg unit from the proximal end of the implanted dialysis catheter. Once the extension leg unit is removed, the valves at the proximal end of the catheter automatically close, and prevent fluid backflow from the catheter and seal the lumens from outside air exposure. An optional cap may then be placed on the proximal end of the implanted dialysis catheter.
In one variation, the extension leg unit may be configured with an antithrombogenic agent and/or an antibacterial agent. An antithrombogenic agent or material may be placed inside the lumens of the extension leg unit to prevent coagulation and formation of thrombus within the extension leg unit. For example, an antithrombogenic agent (e.g., heparinized hydrophilic polymer, various heparin complexes, etc.) may be coated on the inner surface of the extension leg unit's lumens. In another variation, antibacterial agent or material may be placed within the lumens of the extension leg unit to serve as a bacterial barrier to prevent migration of infective agents into the lumen of an implanted catheter. For example, the extension leg unit may comprise of an antibacterial polymer. In another variation, the inner lumens of the extension leg unit may be coated with an antibacterial agent (e.g., polymer integrated with antibiotic such as gentamicin, nitrofurazone, Minocycline-rifampin, etc.). Furthermore, an antibacterial agent may also be provided on the outer surface of the extension leg unit.
In another variation, the catheter device is configured to allow fluids to flow through the catheter device at a flow rate of about 0-500 ml/min. The valves assembly and the corresponding extension leg unit may be configured such that they introduce minimal resistance along the fluid flow paths. In another design, the catheter device is configured to support a fluid infusion rate of at least 200 ml/min. In yet another design, the catheter device is configured to support a fluid infusion rate of at least 400 ml/min.
In yet another variation, the catheter device further comprises a porous mesh or filter positioned along one or more of the fluid paths. In one variation, the porous mesh or filter is positioned in the catheter valve assembly unit. In another variation, the porous mesh or filter is positioned in the extension leg unit. For example, the porous mesh or filter may be placed in the lumen within each of the extension legs. The housing of the extension leg unit may comprise a transparent plastic such that the operator can easily monitor fluid flow inside the extension leg unit. Because the extension leg unit may be disposable, if the porous mesh or filter is clogged, the operator may simply replace the entire extension leg unit.
In another aspect of the invention, the catheter valve assembly 102 is configured within a housing 104 that may be removably or permanently attached to the proximal end 106 of a catheter 108. In one variation, as shown in FIG. 6A, a valve assembly 102 is provided for accessing the proximal end 106 of a dual lumen catheter 108. An access cannula 110 is configured for insertion into a housing supporting a valve assembly. The distal end 112 of the housing 104 is connected to a dual lumen catheter 108. In one particular design, the housing 104 is configured with a length, L1. The valve assembly 102 comprises a depressable plunger 114 for sealing the opening 116 on the valve assembly 102, as shown in FIG. 6B. In this particular example, the plunger 114 is spring-loaded 118. However, one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that other compression mechanisms or resilient materials that can overcome compressive stress may also be utilized in place of a spring 118 to actively displace the plunger 114 to seal the access opening 116 of the valve assembly.
The proximal end 120 of the housing has an opening 116 for receiving an access cannula 110. At the distal end 112 of the housing 104 are two ports 122, 124 for connection to a dual lumen catheter. Within the housing, two chambers 126, 128 are provided. Each of the two chambers 126, 128 is connected to a corresponding port 122, 124 through a channel 130, 132. The distal end of the housing may be configured with two extension legs 134, 136 for insertion into a dual lumen catheter, such that the catheter may be directly connected to the housing without the need for a standard bifurcation, extension legs and luer connectors.
A septum 138, which may be made of a material such as silicone, is implemented to provide a seal around the plunger 114 when the plunger is in an extended position. FIG. 6D shows the septum 138 from its proximal end. A center opening 140 is provided for receiving the plunger, and two side openings 142, 144 are provided to surround the two chambers. FIG. 6E is a cross-sectional view of the septum 138 taken along its longitudinal axis. FIG. 6F is a cross-sectional view of the septum taken along section A-A as indicated in FIG. 6E. An optional flexible boot or sleeve may be placed around the spring 118 to protect the spring and prevent particle build-up within the gaps within the spring.
An access cannula 110 is provided to depress the plunger 114, allowing fluid access of the chambers 126, 128 within the valve assembly housing 104. The proximal end of the access cannula 110 may be connected to a catheter. In another variation, the distal end of a catheter may be modified to serve as an access cannula. In this example, the access cannula has a blunt distal end 146 for interfacing with the plunger 114. Two lumens 148, 150 are provided within the access cannula. Each of the lumens 148, 150 has a side port 152, 154 such that when the access cannula is inserted within the valve assembly, fluid communication may be established between a corresponding chamber 126, 128 within the housing and the lumens 148, 150 of the access cannula. FIG. 6B shows the valve closed with the access cannula 110 disengaged from the valve assembly 102. FIG. 6C shows the access cannula 110 depressing the plunger 114, which fully opens the valve.
Another variation of the valve assembly 102 is illustrated in FIG. 7A. In this variation, the distal end of the access cannula 110 has a taper 156 to facilitate the insertion of the cannula 110 into the valve assembly 102. The tapered profile may help separate the septum 138 from the plunger 114, as shown in FIG. 7B. When the access cannula 110 is fully inserted into the valve assembly 102, the tapered profile engages the inner wall 158 of the septum 138 and seals the plunger 114 and its spring mechanism from the fluid flowing in the chambers 126, 128 of the valve assembly 102, as shown in FIG. 7C. In this variation, the fluid flow path is defined by the septum 138 that also serves to seal around the plunger 114 when the valve assembly is not accessed. The septum 138 also seals around the access cannula 110 when the valve assembly is accessed. The inner surface 160, 162 of the septum 138 is configured with a curved profile to allow a guidewire inserted from the distal port 122, 124 of the housing to easily pass through the valve assembly 102. For over the guidewire insertion, an adapter with an access cannula may be utilized to depress the plunger and keep the valve open.
Referring to FIGS. 8A-8D, another variation of the valve assembly 102 is illustrated. In this design, the septum 138 has a disk-shaped body with a center opening 140 to accommodate the plunger 114. FIG. 8E shows the septum 138 from a top view. FIG. 8F is a side view of the septum 138. The inner wall 164, 166 of the valve assembly housing surrounds the two chambers 126, 128. The walls 168, 170 at the proximal end of the chambers are tapered to assist the pass-through of a guidewire.
A housing, adapter, or casing 172 may be provided to support the access cannula 110 and to position the access cannula 110 within the valve assembly 102 when the valve assembly 102 is accessed. FIGS. 9A-9E illustrate one variation in which the housing 172 for the access cannula 110 is configured with leg/tubing extensions 174, 176. FIG. 9A is a side view of a detachable extension leg unit 178 for interfacing and accessing the corresponding valve assembly 102. The distal end of the valve assembly housing is connected to a dual lumen catheter 108. Latches 180, 182 are provided for securing the detachable extension leg unit 178 to the housing 104 of the valve assembly 102. FIG. 9B is a top view of the detachable extension leg unit 178 and the corresponding valve assembly. In this particular design, the housing 104 of extension leg unit 178 has a length L2. As shown in FIG. 9C, two extension/tubing 174, 176 are connected to the proximal end 184 of the access cannula 110 and direct fluids in and out of the two lumens 148, 150 within the access cannula 110. The two extensions 172, 176 bifurcate as they exit the housing 172. Luer connectors may be provided at the proximal end of the extensions for connection to other tubing or catheters. In another variation, a single extension with a dual lumen may be implemented on the access cannula housing 172 for connection to the proximal end of the access cannula 110. In addition, an optional redundant O-ring seal 186 may be provided on the shaft of the access cannula 110 to improve the seal between the access cannula 110 and the valve assembly 102 when the access cannula 110 engages the valve assembly 102.
As shown in FIG. 9C, latches 180, 182 are provided on the inner surface of the access cannula housing 172 for engaging and securing the access cannula housing 172 to the valve assembly housing 104. FIG. 9D shows the access cannula 110 fully inserted within the valve assembly 102 and the latches 180, 182 engages their corresponding notches 188, 190 on the valve assembly housing 104. In this particular design, slots 192, 194 are provided on the access cannula housing 172 for receiving a removal tool 196, 198 to release the latches from the valve assembly housing. As shown in FIG. 9E, a pair of removable tools 196, 198 are inserted into the removal tool access slots and the latches 180, 182 are forced to disengage from their corresponding notches 188, 190. Once the latches 180, 182 have disengaged, the detachable extension unit 178 with its access cannula 110 may be pried apart from the valve assembly unit 102.
One of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure would appreciate that various other locking mechanisms may be implemented to secure the access cannula within the valve assembly. In another variation, latches 180, 182 with built-in levers 200, 202, such as the ones illustrated in FIG. 10A may be utilized. An optional removal tool 204 may be provided to disengage the latches 180, 182. FIG. 10B is a side view illustrating the position of an integrated latch 182. In another example, detachable clips 206, 208 may be provided on the housing 172 supporting the access cannula 110, as shown in FIG. 1A. The operator depresses the lever 210, 212 on the clip to release the distal end of the clip so the valve assembly 102 may be slid into the access cannula housing 172. Once the valve assembly 102 is positioned in place, the clips 206, 208 are released to engage the valve assembly housing 104 and secure the proximal end 120 of the valve assembly housing 104 within the access cannula housing 172 as shown in FIG. 11B. To disengage from the valve assembly 102, the operator may depress the clips 206, 208 and pull the access cannula unit 178 off of the valve assembly 102.
In another variation, the access cannula unit 178 may be configured with extension legs 214, 216 branching from the housing 172, supporting the access cannula, as show in FIG. 12. In this particular design, the proximal portion 218 of the cannula 110 is configured with a bifurcation. Each branch of the bifurcate 220, 222 is connected to a respective lumen of one of the two extension legs 214, 216. Tubing or catheters 224, 226 may be solvent bond onto the extension legs as shown in FIG. 12. In another variation, a luer fitting may be provided at the proximal ends of the extension legs 214, 216 such that tubing or catheters 224, 226 may be connected to the extension legs 214, 216. Certainly, there are many other ways to connect tubing 224, 226 to extension legs 214, 216, which would be within the scope of this invention.
An optional adapter 228 may be provided to allow the operator to electively access the valve assembly 102. In one variation the access adapter 228 comprises a housing 230 with a protruding element 232 for depressing the plunger 114 in the valve assembly 102. In one example, the access adapter 228 comprises a housing 230, supporting a single lumen access cannula 234. An optional valve 236 may be provided at the proximal end 238 of the cannula 234 to prevent fluid backflow from the opened valve assembly 102 and keeping the system sealed when not in use. The valve 236 may include various pliable polymeric materials. In one variation, the valve 236 comprises a block of pliable silicone with a slit to allow needles or wiring to pass through. In another variation, the valve 236 comprises a silicone block 240 with an inner lumen modeled in an hourglass-shape 242 as shown in FIG. 13A. The proximal end 244 of the hourglass lumen is closed. A slit 246 is provided on the closed proximal end 244 to allow an elongated object to be pushed through.
With the access adapter 228 connected to the valve assembly 102, the operator may insert a needle on a syringe through the valve 236 and inject fluids and/or medication through the opened valve assembly 102. In another application, the access adapter 228 is utilized for over the guidewire insertion of a catheter, as shown in FIG. 13B. The distal end 112 of the valve assembly 102 is attached to the proximal end of a catheter. An access adapter 228 is attached to the proximal end 120 of the valve assembly to depress the plunger 114 and open the valve assembly. The distal end of the catheter may then be inserted over a guidewire that has its proximal portion inserted within a vessel of a patient. The catheter is then advanced forward along the length of the guidewire. Finally, the proximal end 248 of the guidewire 250 passes through the opened valve assembly and then through the valve 236 at the distal end of the access cannula 234. The valve 236 prevents fluids in the catheter lumen from back-flowing out of the proximal end of the access adapter 238.
In applications where an hourglass-valve 236 is utilized as illustrated in FIG. 13B, the neck of the hour glass may provide a seal around circumferential surface of the guidewire 250 and provide added protection to back-flow in addition to the slit 246 at the proximal end. Since the neck 252 of the hourglass 236 valve may be configured with a circumferential inner surface including an inner diameter that is equal or slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the guidewire 250, the neck portion 252 may provide a more even seal around the body of the guidewire 250 than the proximal end slit 246.
Although a single lumen access cannula 234 is illustrated in FIG. 13A, one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that a dual lumen access cannula may also be implemented in the access adapter to allow the operator to selectively inject or withdrawal fluids from either of the catheter lumens. In addition, one may modify the single lumen access cannula adapter 228 by removing the valve 236, and attaching a catheter to the proximal end of the cannula housing. In another variation, an extension leg may be provided at the proximal end of the housing for connection to a catheter. The modified access cannula adapter may then be utilized to connect a single lumen catheter to a dual lumen catheter for accessing the two lumens simultaneously.
In another variation of the valve assembly 102, a safety sealing disk 254 is implemented to prevent accidental opening of the valve. The safety disk 254 is configured such that depressing the plunger 114 alone can not open the valve. In this design, the access cannula 110 may depress the plunger 114 and at the same time engage the safety disk 254 to establish an open fluid pathway within the valve assembly 102. In one variation, as shown in FIG. 14A, a first spring 256 positioned at the distal end of the plunger provides spring-loading of the plunger 114. A second spring 258 positioned on the shaft of the plunger 114 between the base 260 of the plunger and the safety disk 254 provides the spring-loading of the safety disk 254. Depending on the design criteria, the thickness of the safety disk 254 may be modified to provide the necessary protection. In this design, if the plunger 114 is depressed without engaging the safety sealing disk 254, the second spring 258 keeps the safety sealing disk 254 in place and prevent premature leakage of fluids. When an access cannula 110 is partially inserted into the valve assembly, as shown in FIG. 14B, the distal tip of the cannula 110 engages both the plunger 114 and the safety sealing disk 254. As the plunger 114 and the safety sealing disk 254 are fully depressed, fluids may then flow out of the lumens 148, 150 of the access cannula 110, through the openings 262, 264 on the safety sealing disk 254, and into the channels 130, 132 in the valve assembly housing 104, as shown in FIG. 14C.
FIG. 14D shows the valve assembly housing 104 viewed from the distal end 112 of the housing. Two extension legs 134, 136 form the two inserts for insertion into a dual lumen catheter. FIG. 14E is a plain view of the safety sealing disk 254. A center opening 266 accommodates the plunger 114; two side openings 262, 264 provide the pathways for fluid pass-through when the safety disk 254 is depressed. FIG. 14F is a side view of the septum 138 which provides the seal around the plunger 114 and the safety sealing disk 254 when the valve is closed. When the valve is accessed by an access cannula 110, the septum 138 provides the seal around the access cannula 110 and guides the safety sealing disk as it displaces toward the distal end of the housing. FIG. 14G is a plain view of the septum 138 viewed form the proximal end down its longitudinal axis.
In another variation, as shown in FIG. 15A, the safety sealing disk 254 is spring-loaded by a spring 268 position along the inner wall 270 of the valve assembly housing 104. The septum 138 comprises a disk-shaped block with an opening 140 to accommodate the plunger 114, as shown in FIG. 15E. FIG. 15F illustrates the side view of the septum 138. The safety disk 254, as shown in FIG. 15C, comprises a center opening 266 to accommodate the plunger 114 and two side channels 262, 264 to allow fluid pass-through when the safety sealing disk 254 is depressed. In this design, if the plunger 114 is accidentally depressed without engaging the safety disk 254, as the plunger advances distally, the inner wall 270 of the safety sealing disk is exposed. However, the presence of the safety sealing disk 254 blocks fluid from flowing into or out of the chambers 126, 128 within the valve assembly 102. The distal end of the access cannula 110 is tapered 272 to facilitate insertion of the tip 274 of the cannula between the plunger 114 and the septum 138. In addition, the tapered profile 272 is also configured to engage the safety sealing disk 254. As shown in FIG. 15D, the inner wall 270 of the center opening 266 of the safety sealing disk 254 is configured with a slanted profile 276 matching the tapered profile 272 on the distal end of the access cannula 110. When the access cannula 110 is inserted into the valve assembly 102, the tapered profile 272 on the outer wall of the access cannula 110 engages the inner wall 270 of the safety sealing disk's center opening 266 and forces the safety sealing disk 254 to displace distally, as shown in FIG. 15B. Consequently, fluid paths are established through the valve assembly.
Although in the above examples, a dual channel valve assembly is used to illustrate the functionality of a plunger-based valve assembly, one of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure would appreciate that the plunger-based valve assembly may be modified to accommodate single channel connections or connections with three or more fluid channels. For example, the device shown in FIG. 15B may be modified such that the access cannula 110 has a single lumen and the extension legs 134, 136 at the distal end of the housing may be merged into a single extension. As such, the valve assembly unit may serve as a proximal end protection for a single lumen catheter, and at the same time, provide an interface for connecting another single lumen catheter to serve as an extension. In another variation, the device shown in FIG. 15B may also be modified such that the access cannula 110 supports three or more lumens with corresponding side ports. The valve assembly 102 may be configured with a plurality of chambers matching the number of lumens in the access cannula. As such, the valve assembly may be utilized to provide proximal end protection and connection to a catheter including a plurality of lumens. In another variation, the valve assembly may be utilized for sealing a plurality of single lumen catheters and allow simultaneous access of all the single lumen catheters connected to the valve assembly. For example, the valve assembly may have four chambers with four corresponding ports. Each of the ports is connected to a separate catheter. An access cannula including four lumens may then be utilized to access the four catheters connected to the four chamber valve assembly simultaneously.
In yet another aspect of the invention, a valve assembly 102 is configured for single lumen catheter connection and access protection. The valve assembly comprises a housing which is accessible at the proximal end 180 with an access cannula 110 including a slightly tapered 282 blunt end 284, as shown in FIG. 16A. A catheter 292 may be attached (either pre-connected or attachable) to the distal end of the valve assembly housing 294. An access tubing 286 with a closed proximal end 288, and one or more side orifices 290 for accessing the lumen of the tubing 286 is positioned at the center of the housing 290. The distal end 296 of the access tubing is attached to the valve assembly housing 294 and a fluid communication path is established between the lumen of the catheter 292 and the lumen of the access tubing 286. In one design, the access tubing 286 has two oval shaped orifices 290, 296, as shown in FIG. 16D and FIG. 16E.
A compressible seal 298 is positioned within the valve assembly housing 294 and surrounds the access tubing 286 to seal the orifices 290, 296 on the access tubing 286, as shown in FIG. 16B. The compressible seal 298 may comprise various compressible polymeric materials (e.g., low durometer silicone, closed cell foam rubber, etc.). FIG. 16F is a proximal end view of the compressible seal 298. FIG. 16G is a side view of the compressible seal 298. Indentations 300 are provided around the circumferential surface of the compressible seal 298, such that the compressible seal may have room 302 for displacement within the valve assembly housing 294 when the access cannula 110 engages the valve assembly 102. To provide access to the catheter, the access cannula 110 is aligned with the access tubing 286 within the valve assembly housing 294, and then the access cannula 110 is inserted into the valve assembly 102 and over the access tubing 286. As the access cannula 110 is advanced into the valve assembly 102, as shown in FIG. 16C, the access cannula 110 separates the compressible seal 298 from the access tubing 288 and pushes the compressible seal 298 against the inner wall 304 of the valve assembly housing 294. Because the inner diameter 306 of the access cannula 110 is larger than the outer diameter 308 of the access tubing 286, a fluid flow-path is established between the inner lumen of the access tubing 286 and the inner lumen of the access cannula 110, through the orifices 290, 296 on the inner tubing 286. The distal end 284 of the access cannula 110 is tapered and may be configured to provide an additional seal around the base 310 of the access tubing 286.
In another variation, a single lumen catheter connection 312 is configured with a valve assembly 314 comprising a plurality of polymeric layers, each with at least one access slit 316. In the example shown in FIG. 17A, the valve assembly comprises a housing 318 supporting three layers of a disk, which may be made of silicone, layered over each other to form the access port 312. The top layer 320 has an opening 322 at the center of the disk to guide the placement of an access cannula, as shown in FIG. 17B. The middle layer 324 has a slit 316 across the center of the disk. The bottom layer 326 also has a slit 328 on the center of the disk. An inner frame 330 is provided to support the polymeric disks. The middle 324 and the bottom disk 326 are positioned such that their corresponding slits 316, 328 are angularly aligned with each other. In one variation, the two slits 316, 328 are positioned perpendicularly with each other such that the slits cross at the center of the access port. One of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that three or more polymer disks with slits may also be implemented. Additional disks with circular openings may be implemented as the base layer or between the slit disks to keep the access cannula aligned when it is inserted in to the valve assembly.
The various valve assemblies described above may be configured to serve as needle-less catheter access systems. In one example, illustrated in FIG. 18A, the valve assembly 102 is attached to the proximal end 335 of a catheter 332 and implanted into a patient's body. The outer circumference of the valve assembly may be encased within a Vitacuff® material 334 to facilitate tissue in-growth to seal around the valve assembly 102 implanted under the skin of the patient. The proximal access end 336 of the valve assembly 102 is exposed on the surface of the skin. The distal end 338 of the valve assembly housing 342 may be modified to provide suitable catheter connection angles depending on the particular application. For example, in FIG. 18A, the distal portion 340 of the valve assembly housing 342 has a bent profile to support that attachment of a catheter 332 at an angle. To access the implanted catheter 332, an access cannula 110 is inserted into the valve assembly 102 through the access port 344 exposed on the surface of the skin. FIG. 18B shows the access cannula 110 engaging the valve assembly 102 and a fluid path is established between the lumen of the implanted catheter 332 and the lumen of the access cannula 110. Although, in FIGS. 18A and 18B, a single lumen catheter connection is illustrated, one of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure would appreciate that other valve assemblies disclosed herein, whether including one, two or three lumens/chambers, may also be implemented as an access port for an implanted catheter.
Furthermore, the various valve assemblies described herein, whether integrated within the proximal end of a catheter or as a separate adapter, may be configured with an antithrombogenic agent and/or an antibacterial agent. An antithrombogenic agents or material may be placed inside the lumen of the valve assembly to prevent coagulation and formation of thrombus within the valve assembly. For example, an antithrombogenic agent (e.g., heparinized hydrophilic polymer, various heparin complexes, etc.) may be coated on the inner surface of the adapter's lumens/chambers. In another variation, an antibacterial agent or material may be placed within the lumen/chamber of the valve assembly to serve as a bacterial barrier to prevent migration of infective agents into the lumen of an implanted catheter. For example, the valve assembly housing may comprise of an antibacterial polymer. In another variation, the inner lumen/chamber of the valve assembly may be coated with an antibacterial agent (e.g., polymer integrated with antibiotic such as gentamicin, nitrofurazone, Minocycline-rifampin, etc.). In anther variation, the valve (e.g., polymeric duckbill valve, spring-loaded plunger, etc.) within the valve assembly comprises a polymer impregnated with an antithrombogenic and/or an antibacterial agent. Furthermore, an antibacterial agent may also be provided on the outer surface of the valve assembly housing.
In view of the disclosure herein, one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that a catheter device incorporating the valve assembly described herein may be utilized in various medical procedures. One of ordinary skill in the art would also appreciate that catheters including integrated valve assemblies described herein may be inserted into the patient's circulatory system through various veins and arteries with procedures that are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art.
In one example, the following devices and instruments are prepared for carrying out an implant procedure: multi-lumen catheter tube, introducer needle, multiple tear away sheath dilator introducers, J-flex guidewires, trocars, lock right adapters with clamps, injection caps, scalpel, sutures, and adhesive wound dressing. Additionally, the physician is also be provided with scissors, forceps, needles dishes, syringes and gauze. In particular approach, the catheter with a valve assembly incorporated at the proximal end is inserted into a patient's jugular vein. The procedure begins with placing the patient in a position with the patient's head turned to the opposite side of where catheter tip is to be placed into the jugular vein. The anatomical landmark for proper insertion is defined by the triangle formed by the lateral edge of the sternal head, the medial edge of the clavicular head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and the upper edge of the clavicle. The patient's neck and a portion of the patient's thorax beneath the clavicle, at least about 20 cm, are prepared for incision. Thereafter, the patient is draped and a local anesthetic is administered.
A local anesthetic skin wheel may be created, taking care to infiltrate the subcutaneous tissue for about 2 to 3 cm. Next, with an 18-gauge needle attached to a syringe, the physician can identify the internal jugular vein by aspiration and then proceed at an angle while continuing to aspirate with the syringe. Once the internal jugular vein has been located, the method includes detaching the syringe while leaving the needle in place. Thereafter the J-flex guidewire is introduced through the needle and into the internal jugular vein. The guidewire is passed with minimal resistance into the desired location. The needle is removed, leaving the guidewire in place. The tip of the guidewire rests at the junction of the superior vena cava and the right atrium. Appropriate guidewire placement may be confirmed with fluoroscopy.
Next, with a scalpel, the physician makes an incision in the skin that is wide enough for the catheter tube to pass. A tearaway sheath dilator may be introduced over the guidewire and into the vein far enough to dilate the vessel. After expanding the vein wall, the guidewire may be removed. A trocar is screwed onto the catheter tube. The dilator may be removed, leaving the tearaway sheath in place to introduce the catheter tube. As the catheter tube is fed into the sheath the tearaway sheath may be torn away. Fluoroscopy may then be performed to confirm catheter tube placement. The distal tip with the venous lumen opening on the dual lumen dialysis catheter is positioned at the opening of the right atrium, and the arterial lumen opening, proximal to the distal tip, is positioned approximately 4 cm higher. Positioning, as described, may prevent blood recirculation during hemodialysis. Next, a tunnel, of about 8 to 10 cm, is created in a caudal and internal direction by means of the tunneler, which may be shaped to physician's preference. The proximal portion of the catheter tube is gently pulled through the tunnel until the loop at the original puncture site is gone. The catheter tube is then adjusted to rest over the clavicle.
If the catheter implanted has a built-in valve assembly within the lumens of the catheter, an extension leg unit may then be attached to the proximal end of the implanted catheter through the valve assembly. As the extension leg unit is attached to the proximal end of the implanted catheter, the lumen inserts from the extension leg unit or the access cannula engages the valve assembly located within the proximal end of the implanted catheter. In another variation, after tunneling the proximal end of the catheter, a removable valve assembly may be connected to the proximal end of the implanted catheter. An access cannula may then be inserted into the valve assembly to access the implanted catheter.
For dialysis application, the arterial-line and the venous-line on the dialysis machine may be connected to the extension leg unit or the access cannula prior to attaching the extension leg unit or the access cannula to the valve assembly on the catheter. When an extension leg unit is utilized, the luer connector on the extension leg unit may be backfitted over the shaft of the implanted catheter. Next, the compression sleeve may be backfitted over the catheter shaft. The two lumen inserts are positioned within the implanted catheter's two lumens, respectively, creating a friction fit. Optionally, proper markings may be provided on the valve assembly and the extension leg unit (or the access cannula unit), so that the arterial and venous lines from the hemodialysis machine can be connected to withdraw and infuse blood from the appropriate lumen in the implanted hemodialysis catheter.
In applications where tunneling is required, the physician may attach the tunneler to the distal end of the catheter. The catheter may then be tunneled from the exit incision site to the cut-down site before inserting the distal end of the catheter into the body. However, for catheter implementing an extension leg unit with a removable bifurcate or a detachable valve assembly, the physician may be removed the bifurcate or the detachable valve assembly so that the proximal end of the catheter can be easily reverse tunneled. In this case, the proximal portion of the catheter is tunneled from the cut-down site to the exit incision site. Optionally, a tunneler including an interconnector or locking mechanism matching the locking interface at the proximal end of catheter may be utilized for tunneling of the catheter. For example, the proximal end of a multi-lumen catheter with a built-in valve assembly may have a threading 34 surrounding the body of the catheter, as shown in FIG. 1 (left). One may provide a tunneler including a connector with matching threads, for the tunneling procedure. The physician screws the proximal end of the multi-lumen catheter onto the connector at the proximal end of the tunneler to secure the catheter to the tunneler. Once the proximal portion of the multi-lumen catheter is tunneled through the tissue, the tunneler is then removed, and the corresponding extension leg unit may be inserted into the proximal end of the catheter. In another variation, tunneling devices with other attachment mechanisms that are capable of holding/gripping onto the proximal end of the catheter may also be utilized to complete the tunneling of the catheter.
This invention has been described and specific examples of the invention have been portrayed. While the invention has been described in terms of particular variations and illustrative figures, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the invention is not limited to the variations or figures described. In addition, where methods and steps described above indicate certain events occurring in certain order, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the ordering of certain steps may be modified and that such modifications are in accordance with the variations of the invention. Additionally, certain of the steps may be performed concurrently in a parallel process when possible, as well as performed sequentially as described above. Therefore, to the extent that there are variations of the invention, which are within the spirit of the disclosure or equivalent to the inventions found in the claims, it is the intent that this patent will cover those variations as well. Finally, all publications and patent applications cited in this specification are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually put forth herein.
an access cannula including a distal end configured to engage the plunger, and first and second lumens in respective fluid communication with first and second side ports, insertion of a distal portion of the cannula through the proximal openings of the septum and housing displacing the plunger and establishing fluid communication between the side ports and the channels in a valve assembly open position.
2. The catheter connector according to claim 1, wherein the plunger is spring-loaded.
3. The catheter connector according to claim 1, wherein the distal end of the access cannula includes a recess configured to receive a proximal portion of the plunger.
4. The catheter connector according to claim 1, wherein the distal end of the access cannula is tapered.
5. The catheter connector according to claim 1, wherein the housing comprises first and second chambers in respective fluid communication with the first and second channels, the plunger separating the first and second chambers from one another in the valve assembly closed position.
6. The catheter connector according to claim 5, wherein at least one of the first and second chambers includes a curved surface.
7. The catheter connector according to claim 5, wherein the first and second chambers are defined by the septum.
8. The catheter connector according to claim 7, wherein the septum further comprises a plunger receiving section positioned between the first and second chambers, the distal end of the cannula received in the plunger receiving section in the valve assembly open position.
9. The catheter connector according to claim 1, wherein the septum has a disk-shaped configuration.
10. The catheter connector according to claim 1, wherein the access cannula further comprises first and second tubing extensions in respective fluid communication with first and second lumens.
11. The catheter connector according to claim 1, wherein the access cannula further comprises a cannula casing including an outer wall circumscribing the distal portion of the cannula.
12. The catheter connector according to claim 11, wherein the cannula casing outer wall includes latches configured to engage the valve assembly housing.
13. The catheter connector according to claim 12, wherein the cannula casing further comprises levers cooperating with the latches.
14. The catheter connector according to claim 12, wherein the cannula casing outer wall further comprises slots proximal of the latches configured to receive a removal tool.
15. The catheter connector according to claim 11, wherein the cannula casing includes a clip configured to engage the valve assembly housing.
16. The catheter connector according to claim 11, further comprising an O-ring seal around a shaft of the access cannula, the O-ring seal positioned adjacent the septum proximal opening in the valve assembly open position.
17. The catheter connector according to claim 11, wherein the cannula casing further comprises a bifurcation positioned at a proximal end, the bifurcation including a first and second extension leg with passages in respective fluid communication with first and second tubings.
18. The catheter connector according to claim 11, further comprising a valve positioned in a proximal portion of the cannula casing, including a closed proximal end with a slit, an open distal end in fluid communication with at least one of the first and second lumens, and a side wall that narrows from the valve proximal end to a neck and expands from the neck to the valve distal end, the neck configured to seal around a standard guidewire.
an access cannula including a distal end configured to engage the plunger, insertion of a distal portion of the cannula through the proximal openings of the septum and housing displacing the plunger and sealing disk to establish fluid communication between a lumen of the cannula and a channel of the valve assembly. | 2019-04-23T01:28:48Z | https://patents.google.com/patent/US20080147012A1/en | Porn | Health | 0.445028 |
wordpress | We spent all of February cruising with Celebrity’s Constellation in the South China Sea on back-to-back itineraries. We visited twelve ports with only one repeat (Ho Chi Min City). If you are going to fly twelve thousand miles you probably should make the most of the trip. We flew into Singapore and with the return for the second cruise and the extra day in port at the end we had five days to explore the city and all we could say was wow! The ship also spent two days in the port for Bangkok and we spent that night in a Bangkok hotel and booked a private tour (more about that at another time ;-).
Beyond the usual reasons for cruising there was an additional advantage on this trip. If you are not into a diet of noodles with dried fish flakes or hot curries, the ship gives you the opportunity to return to a Western style menu. The ship also takes care of visas and immigration ahead of each port.
Besides our time in Singapore our trip included four stops in Vietnam, Hong Kong, two stops in the Philippines which included Manila, two stops in Borneo, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, Brunei and two stops in Thailand. We had an opportunity to see a lot as well as try a number of cuisines. Many of the destinations were studies in extreme contrasts but it was also obvious that things are greatly improving economically. It is also interesting to switch from Muslim to Buddhist to Western cultures as we went from one port to the next. On board there were a number of excellent in-depth lectures on the history and culture of the various countries which provided a good perspective on the ways the region developed.
Over the last number of years we have found cruising gives us an opportunity to sample a number of places and than we decide where we want to come back to for extended stays. Southeast Asia is no exception to this and we certainly have a few we will add to our return list.
Phone Service: We were traveling on this trip with an iPhone 5 on Verizon service ($80 for 250 international minutes)and with a Blu 5.5 phone with a prepaid international plan from One Sim Card service. Vietnam and Brunei were not part of the Verizon international service so we switched use to OneSimCard. Phone calls with Verizon worked well everywhere else but there were problems getting text messages out on a few days. The only reliable data that we found on the Verizon service was in Singapore (didn’t attempt in Hong Kong) most other places indicated “Data Service Failed”. The One Sim Card service worked as expected except in Vietnam. There we connected with the recommended service provider (Viettel) but instead of text messages costing the expected 25¢ they were charged at a couple of dollars. One Sim Card did send a text message warning of high costs on this service recommending we switch networks, even though Viettel was their recommended provider.
In the near future look for posts covering each of these countries with pointers on must do things, food, transportation and hotels. | 2019-04-20T21:02:14Z | https://theintentionaltravelercom.wordpress.com/tag/asia-cell-service/ | Porn | Recreation | 0.133787 |
wordpress | Since DC will be introducing 24 new titles to supplement its ongoing series this summer, that means something (okay, a lot of somethings) has to go.
It’s a shame that Swamp Thing wasn’t able to hang on, and I suppose there will be no need for an Earth 2 title after “Convergence.” We shall see.
ALCATRAZ, J.J. Abrams’ big contribution to the network TV lineup last fall, was officially executed by Fox this week, after just one brief season of 13 episodes — a decision that was criminal.
So, this is me, being angry that Fox has canceled ALCATRAZ. I thought the thriller was really hitting its stride toward the end of its run, but of course the network could not take the risk of bringing it back when the world is in such dire need of new generic cop shows, dumb comedies and more “reality” series. It would seem ALCATRAZ’s crime was not being more of the same. | 2019-04-25T15:46:22Z | https://joediliberto.wordpress.com/category/cancellation-2/ | Porn | Reference | 0.619774 |
wikipedia | ↑ "Asia". AccessScience. McGraw-Hill. ओरिजनल से 27 November 2011 के पुरालेखित. पहुँचतिथी 26 जुलाई 2011.
↑ "Asia". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2006. | 2019-04-23T18:21:34Z | https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE | Porn | Science | 0.860727 |
typepad | Worthwhile Canadian Initiative: How much new revenue will be generated by an increase in federal corporate taxes?
How much new revenue will be generated by an increase in federal corporate taxes?
In a recent Economy Lab post, I went through the arithmetic of calculating the extra tax revenues you might get from increasing taxes on high earners (spoiler: not much). In this post, I'm going to look at how much extra revenue the federal government could expect to receive from a higher CIT rate.
According to Cansim Table 380-0007, the federal government received $32.917b in corporate income tax revenue on a CIT rate of 16.5% in 2011 - the new rate of 15% went into effect on January 1, 2012. This implies a corporate income tax base of 32.917/0.165 = $200b, and that's what I'm going to use as a point of reference in what follows.
If you assume that there's no behavioural response, then each percentage point added to the federal CIT will generate roughly $2b in new revenues. So you'd conclude that the January 1, 2012 reduction in the CIT rate from 16.5% to 15% would reduce revenues by about $3b, and increasing the federal rate from 16.5% back to (say) 24% would increase CIT revenues by some $15b - almost one per cent of GDP.
This is the the sort of answer 'static analysis' gives. In a world in which multinationals file 57,000-page tax returns, one can only marvel at the faith in human nature among those who would make policy based on the belief that the only behavioural change on the part of corporations to an increase in CIT rates will be to put larger numbers on the cheques they send to the Receiver-General.
A linear regression through these data would give you a negative relationship between CIT rates and CIT revenues: an increase in CIT rates actually reduces CIT revenues as a share of GDP. Of course, this result is almost entirely driven by the outlier that is Norway. But even if you discard Norway, you'd have a hard time extracting a significantly positive relationship between CIT rates and CIT revenues. As far as the Canadian experience goes, the steady reduction in CIT rates hasn't had much effect on revenues.
The key concept in this literature is the tax base elasticity: the parameter describing how the CIT base responds to variations in the CIT rate. I've come across two recent and relevant studies that use Canadian data to estimate CIT base elasticities. One is by Jack Mintz and Michael Smart (Journal of Public Economics version here, working paper version here), and the other is by Bev Dahlby and Ergete Ferede (International Tax and Public Finance version here, older version here). Both find strong evidence that CIT bases are highly sensitive to changes in tax rates.
I'm inclined to give more weight to the results from this study, which uses country-level data from the OECD. The elasticities they obtain - around -0.7 for the tax rate - are substantially smaller than the ones obtained using Canadian data, so if anythings, using their numbers is going to err on the side of being too optimistic are far as revenue generation goes.
These models all have dynamics in which the effect of changes in the tax rate on the tax base increases over time. I've ignored them, mainly because the exercise is to estimate the effects of a tax change on the budget balance for FY 2012-13. But they probably do go some way in explaining the lack of any visible link between tax rates and tax revenues in the scatter plot above.
Another thing to consider is that the relevant CIT rate is the combined federal-provincial rate. An increase in the federal rate will reduce the size of a common federal-provincial tax base. Even if provincial PIT rates don't change, they will be applied on a smaller tax base and revenues will fall. Provincial CIT revenues in 2011 were $22.034b, which works out to an average provincial CIT rate of 11.04%.
The policy experiment is to change the combined CIT rate, see what effect it has on the tax base, apply the (new) federal rate and the (old) provincial rates and compare the result to the base case. I've also done the exercise for the Mintz-Smart specification, using a net-of-tax elasticity of 2.5 - the low end of their range, and not far from what Dalhby-Ferede find.
People who are using static analysis to make their revenue projections are overestimating the revenue gains from increasing corporate taxes by a factor of at least two in the short run, and by even more in the longer term.
Great post. Good to see the discussion getting away from power tools, feminism, Lego, hydro power, linguistics, Hawkwind and diet coke and towards some serious economic analysis.
Thanks. I like to do these sorts of exercises, and it's something that blogging has made possible. This isn't something a journalist could figure out on her own, and it's hard to see how an academic could turn this into a 750-word op-ed. Nor would an academic see any point in trying to stretch it out into a research paper.
Thanks, Stephen. The people who would disagree with your analysis for political reasons would do well to read it and try to understand. The discussion during the last federal election was distressing.
What do you think of Ontario's decision to pause its corporate income tax cut plan? Based on this analysis, it would seem to be a purely political play rather than a genuine attempt to contain the provincial deficit.
Given that the corporate tax base is so sensitive to rates, especially within Canada, does some kind of detente between the provinces make sense, to avoid a race to the bottom, or is a race to 0% something we should have as a goal?
Andrew F - one thing to bear in mind is that there's a big difference between equalization-receiving provinces and those not receiving equalization. For an equalization receiving province, any increase in the corporate tax base is offset by decreased equalization payments, so there's little incentive to cut rates.
So we should decrease the rate to zero for maximum revenue? What is the time factor here? Does the revenue change later in time?
Oops, never mind the zero part. Misread the columns.
"Another thing to consider is that the relevant CIT rate is the combined federal-provincial rate. An increase in the federal rate will reduce the size of a common federal-provincial tax base. Even if provincial PIT rates don't change, they will be applied on a smaller tax base and revenues will fall. Provincial CIT revenues in 2011 were $22.034b, which works out to an average provincial CIT rate of 11.04%."
This is conceptually and legally false.
Federal and Provincial corporate taxes are levied on the same base; neither are deductions for one another. It is the same with personal income taxes, Federal and provincial taxes are levied on the same base, no deductions for taxes paid to the other level, Quebec's "Abatement" notwithstanding as it is actually a fiscal transfer done on tax returns instead of government books.
Legally, fiscally and practically federal and provincial corporate taxes are levied simultaneously and do not affect each others base.
The analysis is false because it contains the fallacy of begging the question for the answer.
So from what i read, a smart gov. could increase the cit rate to an amount that quiets the left wing while having a small impact on actual revenue since corporations have a greater incentives to hide their profits and pump up their expenses.
Mick.Marrs, the "left wing" wouldn't be so angry if these tax cuts weren't coupled with useless spending on military equipment and (soon) more prisons.
Determinant, perhaps you should read the post again.
"Federal and Provincial corporate taxes are levied on the same base; neither are deductions for one another."
Stephen says the same thing with different words in the passage you quoted. The change in the base is not because one tax is a deduction for the other, but because the base changes in size in response to the change in tax rate.
Great post Stephen, this sort of post should be mandatory reading for politicians of all political stripes before they mouth off about corporate taxes.
s something I might want to take into account given the ambitions of those provinces to make gains in those three provinces.
On the other hand, assuming the same analysis worth in reverse (i.e., an increase in the provincial tax rate undercuts federal revenues), a McGuinty, Charest or Clark might not have any problems with increasing provincial taxes, since a good chunk of the lost revenue will be borne by the residents of other provinces (through reduced federal revenues). And guess what we're seeing in both Ontario and BC? Corporate tax freezes/increases. Very interesting.
I suppose the other point is that, while Stephen's analysis focuses on the impact of changes in the corporate income tax rate on corporate income tax revenues, that understates the true revenue impact of those changes, because it doesn't take into account the personal/non-resdient tax side of the equation. To the extent that such income is pushed out to shareholders, it'll be taxed in their hands (eventually, in the case of RRSP/RRIFs/Pension Plans).
Moreover, because our tax system tries to integrate the corporate tax system with the personal tax system through the dividend tax credit regime, a reduction in the corporate tax rate is counteracted with an increase in the effective tax rate on dividends (and vice-versa). As a result, over the last few years we've seen steady increases in the effective tax rate on dividends (a few years ago dividends were taxed at a lower rate than capital gains, now they're taxed at significantly higher rate). Need to say, governments don't boast about how much they've increased taxes on shareholders (since shareholders, unlike corporations, vote).
I haven't seen any good estimates of this effect, but given the current "cost" of the federal dividend tax credit regime (roughly $3 billion a year), it's probably not unreasonable to think that a 50+% increase in the federal corporate tax rate (from 15% to 24%) might cost the fisc. a billion or two in foregone personal income tax (to say nothing of lost non-resident withholding tax income and lower revenue on the collapse of RRSPs/RRIFs). In any event, it's probably likely to be a material amount.
Has anyone else seen any research on this?
I was going to make a similar point, but forgot to. To the extent that corporate tax increases are passed on in the form of reduced wages, then there would also be an offsetting loss in personal income tax revenues.
@Bob Smith: shareholders vote, but most of them ,even the high-income ones, have barely any idea how the tax system really works. But top managers understand that if CIT is cut but dividends are not increased, corporations and the C-suite guys have more money to play with,at the expense of the dispersed shareholders... And if corporations don't vote, they lobby.Way more powerful.
@Stephen Gordon 10.35: The adjustment of wages to CIT changes is very slow. During the adjustment period the Fed don't lose on PIT on wages while immediately gaining back on the PIT paid by shareholders. And the contributors in the C-suite are happy.
"Stephen says the same thing with different words in the passage you quoted. The change in the base is not because one tax is a deduction for the other, but because the base changes in size in response to the change in tax rate."
Correlation does not equal causation and the OP is definitely a case of this. Between regular cost of business deductions and Capital Cost Allowances, corporate costs and investments are not taxed. So one purpose of corporate income tax is to prevent unlimited deferral of income in addition to revenue generation.
There is no link between high corporate tax rates and growth per se, for instance in the post-war period until 1960 the bulk of tax revenues actually came from the corporate stream and tax rates were at 40%+, yet this did not impede growth. It is remembered as a Golden Age for many.
Stephen is implicitly assuming that a corporation is an investment vehicle, a sort of utility maximizer and that the increased revenue from growth will be reflected in wages. It can be, but it isn't that way in reality. Many other considerations come into play. Part of the problem is that the "employment multiplier" of economic growth has diminished, so increased growth and profits do not equal higher employment and wages as they did formerly. If higher profits don't result in higher wages then corporate revenues have a higher growth potential than wages. This means that the tax burden should shift onto the corporate stream, away from the personal stream. A brief consideration of the balance of power in economic relationships shows this is plausible.
Stephen's elasticity is met by the Left's Employment Multiplier. That is the conceptual heart of Lefty arguments for higher CIT.
Stephen's argument contains an implicit acceptance of corporate power that the Left tries to address head-on.
"Stephen's elasticity is met by the Left's Employment Multiplier. That is the conceptual heart of Lefty arguments for higher CIT.
Stephen's argument contains an implicit acceptance of corporate power that the Left tries to address head-on. "
But what use is increasing the tax rate on corporations if there is little revenue gain? All the rhetoric from the last campaign implies that significant revenue gains from corporate taxation increases would be a free lunch in terms of new social spending. Does the left deny the effect the tax wedge has on investment?
Why is defering taxation of investment income until it is consumed an evil? It seems to me that RRSPs would be the same kind of evil.
My argument was echoed and frankly much better made by Jim Stanford on CBC Newschannel this afternoon.
Elasticity is not a linear property but a spectrum, one which has a transitory response (those who will flee to another tax jurisdiction easily) and a steady state response (those who are stuck in Canada, i.e. the big banks).
Unlimited deferment is a problem when it gets too large. RRSP's and pensions benefit from it for a specific policy reason to provide for income for beneficiaries when the cease to work and earn income. Corporations benefit from deductions for normal course of business expenses such as wages and capital cost allowances for investments. So investments are not taxed per se. It is residual profit which is not invested which is used to pay CIT, money that hasn't gone to work.
The tax system has long accepted taxation on accrual instead of on cash receipt. On the personal side life insurance policies are taxed this way; insurers make sure they avoid tilting their insurance policies too far to investment gains. If they tilt to far they are subject to taxation on accrual.
CIT is a revenue generation measure so uninvested profits need to be subjected to taxation instead of unlimited deferment which means they may never be taxed at all. There has to be some revenue to tax and it can't be defined away or given unlimited discretion to avoid taxation. That defeats the purpose of taxation. Corporations have indefinite longevity so when they die (go bankrupt or are dissolved) there is little to tax.
Like most things some people view the benefit from additional social spending to be greater than the burden of additional taxation, even for corporations. Personally I put pharmacare in this category. That's politics.
Since corporate personhood confers several definite legal advantage such as limited liability, separate legal personality and indefinite longevity it is reasonable to tax it separately too. Corporations are not purely reflections of or flow-though structures for their owners, thus they need to be taxed as separate entities too.
Determinant, I have no idea what you're trying to say, or how it has anything to do with the OP.
I'm disagree with your entire Corporate Income Tax Argument in pretty much every way. I have long disagreed with your views but tonight I'm feeling pretty loquacious.
1. Elasticity might vary as we change the rate rate and move along the supply and demand curves.
2. The long run and short run elasticities might be different.
Both correct, though the effect could go either way, depending on the length of the range and run assumed in the estimates of the elasticity.
He's lost me on the other bits.
For a corporation to never distribute profits to shareholders to be taxed in their hands there would need to be losses that consume all the profits, in which case there was no profit in toto on the investment. I don't see why there is a problem with deferring taxation on investment. Profitable investment benefits society, it is the consumption we don't want to become too concentrated on equity grounds.
Andrew F "I don't see why there is a problem with deferring taxation on investment."
It creates a locked-in effect. Suppose I've made $1000 on my investment in OldSchool Inc. I expect OldSchool to generate a 4% rate of return next year. NewSchool Inc is generating a 5% rate of return. An efficient allocation of capital requires that I take my money from OldSchool and put it into NewSchool, because NewSchool get a bette return on it.
If investment income is taxed upon accrual, then I'll transfer my funds from OldSchool to NewSchool.
If, however, taxation of investment income is deferred until it is realized, then I'll stick with OldSchool, as with OldSchool I'm getting 4% on my *pretax* $1000 profits, however with NewSchool I'm getting 5% on my *aftertax* profits, i.e. something like 5% of $600.
Most/many wealthy individuals keep most of their financial assets in a holding company, which would eliminate that effect. Same goes for anyone investing through an RRSP, pension, etc.
JacquesL "But top managers understand that if CIT is cut but dividends are not increased, corporations and the C-suite guys have more money to play with,at the expense of the dispersed shareholders."
Maybe they do, but think about it, to the extent that that money is expropriated by management in the form of higher salaries, bonuses, and other taxable benefits (cars, memberships, etc.) it gets taxed at their marginal tax rate (depending on the province 39-50%) - i.e, a significantly higher rate than shareholders would pay on dividends. Management expropriation may be bad for shareholders, but it's great for the fisc.
Corporations benefit from deductions for normal course of business expenses such as wages and capital cost allowances for investments. So investments are not taxed per se. It is residual profit which is not invested which is used to pay CIT, money that hasn't gone to work.
Whoa, whoa, whoa there cowboy, that just isn't right. First of all, wages, rent and other "expenses" aren't investments in any meaningful sense of the world, they're day-to-day costs of doing business (moreover, not all of them are deductible, the left fulminates against stock options, but stock options are actually quite tax inefficient, since corporations can't deduct the benefit received by employees as an expense). Second, capital cost allowances are only available for some forms of capital investment (machinery, computers, buildings, in very limited form, certain goodwill) and the statutory depreciation rates may or may not reflect real economic cost. Third, a lot of investments doesn't get tax recognition (land, shares, investments in corporations, etc.).
Determinant: "CIT is a revenue generation measure so uninvested profits need to be subjected to taxation instead of unlimited deferment which means they may never be taxed at all. There has to be some revenue to tax and it can't be defined away or given unlimited discretion to avoid taxation. That defeats the purpose of taxation. Corporations have indefinite longevity so when they die (go bankrupt or are dissolved) there is little to tax."
That's part of the purpose for the CIT, although you don't need the CIT to achieve that objective. For example, our tax system has a refundable tax regime intended to prevent the use of holding companies to defer the recognition of income on inter-company dividends (which are generally not taxed in Canada). Similarly, our taxation of small busines corporations includes a separate regime for active business inccome (taxed at very low rates) and passive investment income (taxed at very high rates) to prevent tax deferral. If the purpose of the CIT was as you describe, we could readily achieve that goal by having a 0% rate on active business income and a 46% rate on passive investment income (with a component that was refundable when dividends are paid).
Somehow, I don't see Jim Stanford lobbying for THAT change.
Prof. Gordon, I like this post a lot. It is entirely consistent with what Arthur Laffer has been saying for the past 10 years or so. He hasn't said as much about his storied "Laffer Curve," but has put a lot of effort into highlighting the fact that tax rates don't seem to impact tax collection, no matter what the rate is.
Given that fact, it makes the most sense to set the tax rates as low as politically palatable (or lower). Ignoring these results and favoring higher taxes anyway is just kind of nasty and vengeful IMHO. Less market distortion is better than more.
But as I'm learning to accept, sometimes people favor policies because they want to entertain notions such as "social justice" even when they realize full well that no such justice is accomplished through the policy in question. Sort of like a child who insists on believing in Santa Claus long after he/she realizes that it's a fantasy.
"CIT is a revenue generation measure so uninvested profits need to be subjected to taxation instead of unlimited deferment which means they may never be taxed at all."
Determinant: "Since corporate personhood confers several definite legal advantage such as limited liability, separate legal personality and indefinite longevity it is reasonable to tax it separately too."
That doesn't follow. What does legal personhood (of a rather limited variety in the case of corporations), limited liability, or indefinite longevity have to do with taxation? After all, partnerships enjoy indifinite longevity and (in some cases) limited liability, but we don't (with a limited exception - SIFT partnerships) tax them, we tax their partners. Trusts enjoy, effectively, indefinite longevity (they have a finite existence, but it can be a good long time) and can have limited liability for benficiaries (but not for trustees) and have legal personality (in the form of the trustee) and yet we permit them to pass income through to their benefiaries to avoid tax at the trust level (so that, for example, most mutual fund trusts in Canada pay no income tax - in fact, if you look at their trust indentures, most of them are required to arrange their affairs so as not to pay tax).
A CEO of a public company whose salary is disclosed in the company's annual report and put on the internet will probably want to make sure he pays some taxes. CRA auditors like to use Google.
Hmmm. Either I end-up in spam or typepad was hungry last night. Oh well. I'll try again.
57K pages, eh? That's really interesting. And I've seen first hand the lengths to which large firms will go to avoid paying taxes (and wages). I wonder if it's really optimal to figure out ever last tax dodge possible, when those dodges have increasing costs for decreasing returns. Sometimes it looks like like management thinks that every dollar saved with a tax dodge is free; no cost, no opportunity cost. Some kind of hyperbolic discounting? Perverse incentives? Dunno. But it's weird.
My pet theory is that management simply likes playing tax dodge ball with gov'ts. The rules are clear, just hire some lawyers and accountants and it's game on. Actually running the business is way harder, and more uncertain so they naturally go with the easy option. And shareholders are either too diverse a group to coordinate countermeasures or they too irrationally hate taxes so much that they prefer to stick it to gov'ts over the other options.
of course Mitt Romney will pay 14% , but not 35. It's like a New Yorker having its mugger's wallet.
It's a bit odd to blame Mitt Romney for paying the taxes imposed by law - he couldn't pay more taxes if he wanted to. Mitt Romney doesn't pay a 14% tax rate by virtue of clever accounting games, he pays that rate by virtue of being an owner (partner) of Bain Capital so entitled to the favourable tax rate available to investment income. Most CEO's are employees, rather than investors (which may be part of the problem), so can't access to lower tax rate applicable to investment income.
"57K pages, eh? That's really interesting. And I've seen first hand the lengths to which large firms will go to avoid paying taxes (and wages). I wonder if it's really optimal to figure out ever last tax dodge possible, when those dodges have increasing costs for decreasing returns."
Patrick, I wouldn't atribute a 57k page tax return to tax dodges, that's all tax compliance, that's almost certainly what it takes for GE to comply with its statutory obligations under the internal revenue code It doesn't surprise me in the least that a multinational corporation (especially a large one, with dozens or hundreds of subsidiaries around the world, like GE) would have such a massive return. Even a relatively mundane corporate tax return for a Canadian corporation with a few dozen employees and domestic operations can easy run into 100 pages, and frankly our tax legislation and compliance obligations are far less onerous than those of our US cousins (by way of example, our Tax Act is one phone book, the IRC is three, of more or less inpenetrable gibberish). Toss in a few hundred subsidiaries, located in 50-60 countries, schedules for reporting non-arm's length intercompany transactions, reporting of activities of foreign subsidiaries, depreciation claims, supporting schedules, to say nothing of the various statutory requirement to convert income for accounting purposes into tax income. This is the reason that large Canadian companies generally have full-time CRA auditing teams.
"Tax dodges" generally don't have any implications for a tax return (no one files a T-1080 Tax Dodges Schedule).
@Bob Smith: I don't blame Mitt for paying only his legally required 14%. Why ruin such a good deal? I wouldn't. The point is that Mitt and his ilk (gang?) can lobby to have whatever he does classified as 14%-taxable unlike his secretary. That's the point of the Buffet's rule.
Bob: Really? No T-1080!? WTF!? My dream has always been to one day qualify to fill out the T-1080. I'm crushed. You lawyers are such downers.
I think I should have started a new paragraph after the first sentence.
The point I was getting at is that firms obviously put a huge amount of resources into both tax compliance and tax avoidance. They can hardly change the compliance side (at least in the short run). What I'm wondering is: keeping policy constant, are the obviously massive resources devoted to tax avoidance really optimal? I work for a very large firm and based on what I see, I doubt it. But maybe I just work for stupid people. Or maybe it's just the nature of large firms; centrally planned nightmares.
Jacques: if we accepts Peter's Principle as generally true, then given that I've never been promoted ... Ouch! More evidence I'm just never going to get to fill in that T-1080.
OT: something I witnessed first hand: a firm decides to cut labour costs by moving production from a high wage country to China. They fire all the high wage staff. Bonuses and high fives all around for the execs. Problem is that they were so anxious to cut wages that they fired everyone who knew how production worked before the Chinese facility could actually produce any widgets. So now they have lower labour costs, but they can't make anything. Biz skool rulz.
Except what he does is collect dividends and capital gains, same as any other investor, obviously he just collects a lot more of them. The differential treatment of that kind of income is a common feature of most developed tax systems and is founded on solid theoretical grounds, rather than gratuitous lobbying. Moreover, in both cases, the lower tax rate reflects, to a degree, the fact that the underlying income has already been taxed at the corporate level (unlike the secretary's income, since her income is likely deductible from her employer's income). And so much for the lobbying efforts of Mitt & co, the US is scheduled to tax dividends as ordinary income starting next year (impose, effectively, a 60% tax on corporate income distributed to high income earners), making it a decided oddball in the world of tax policy (most countries either tax dividends at a preferred rate or provide some sort of credit or imputation for corporation level tax).
The Buffet rule may be good politics, but it's lousy policy.
Of course, if you want to tax investment income received by gazillionaires at the full tax rate, and you wanted to do so in a principled manner, you could abolish the CIT (or, in the case of dividends, allow corporations to deduct dividends in computing their income) so that dividend income is taxed as ordinary income (like interest). Mind you, that wouldn't change the ultimate tax liability (or collect any additional revenue for the government) but it would ensure that Gazillionaires pay tax at a rate of 50% (or whatever the top rate is). Mind you, it would only be an illusion. Gazillionaires would "pay" more tax, but only because the income was taxed once in their hands rather than twice in their hands and the hands of a corporation. In practice, many private US corporations are structured as limited liability corporations that are disregarded for US tax purposes, allowing them to flow-through their income (and the tax liability thefore) to their ultimate shareholders achieving precisely this result.
What I'm wondering is: keeping policy constant, are the obviously massive resources devoted to tax avoidance really optimal?
For whom? Socially? No. Privately, maybe. For tax lawyers, yes! Although a quick dip through the tax cases shows no shortage of cases where taxpayers pursued strategies that had no hope of succeeding and spend considerable funds fighting them in the tax court(think of the numerous "art flip" or "charitable donation" schemes that have been shut down over the years, or the loonie schemes advanced by "de-taxers"), those tend to be relatively unsopisticated (at least from a tax perspective) taxpayers. And typically they don't bother getting proper tax advice on the grounds that (a) it's expensive and (b) the lawyers/accountant will probably shoot them down.
More sophisticated tax avoidance strategies tend to involve people who are better at assessing both the costs involved, the possible upside and the risks. Even if the strategy ultimately fails, typically, there was a reasonable basis for it a priori. This is particularly true in the public company context where, for obvious reasons, tax positions are scrutinized by auditors who have at least some incentive to give aggressive positions a hard time (and, moreover, public companies don't like taking particularly aggressive position, since they don't like the reputational risk that comes with assessments from the CRA). I can't speak for your company, but generally I'm impressed by the tax and business savvy of large company tax directors or their equivalents, i.e., they generally don't let the tax tail wag the business dog. I'm sure there are exceptions, though.
"If, however, taxation of investment income is deferred until it is realized, then I'll stick with OldSchool, as with OldSchool I'm getting 4% on my *pretax* $1000 profits, however with NewSchool I'm getting 5% on my *aftertax* profits, i.e. something like 5% of $600."
Whether that helps you or hurts you depends on the size of your unrealized gains, the rate of taxation, and the time horizon of your investment.
If you are a Canadian paying the top marginal rate, and investment gains are in the form of capital gains, then K is about 0.75. When T=12, then the inequality above will be falsified. Remember, though, that it represents a bound that holds only when C=0; the larger C, the shorter the breakeven T.
Oops: lost the "T" from that last exp(0.4T). Sorry.
K: "Mick.Marrs, the "left wing" wouldn't be so angry if these tax cuts weren't coupled with useless spending on military equipment and (soon) more prisons."
Hey! I'm "K" around here. Seriously, I've commented here for two years under that name. Find another one!
" large company tax directors or their equivalents"
Being reminded that such a thing exists is deeply depressing.
Your post at 9:21 would be true if we taxed dividends on accrual in the hands of shareholders instead of when distributed on a cash basis. But we tax on a cash basis for personal returns so we need to have a corporate income tax to get at the profits that a corporation has.
People HATE being taxed on accrual because it means paying for something they haven't yet received in the form of a cheque.
Corporations are legally separate from their shareholders so it doesn't matter when an individual dies, it's not a taxable event from the point of view of the corporation and if there are undistributed profits those profits will remain untaxed.
As an extreme example Warren Buffett famously resisted having Berkshire Hathaway distribute a dividend for decades. Without a corporate income tax the US Government would have been deprived of that enourmous revenue for all that time. As Buffett likes to boast in his annual reports, Berkshire and its subsidiaries now fund an entire day's operation of the US Government, including military activity, though their CIT payments.
I'm sorry, but you're wrong. If corporations simply let profits accrue without distributing them, the value of those accrued profits will be reflected in the share price of the corporation (it's not going anywhere). On the death of a shareholder, there is a deemed disposition of all assets (subjet to fairly limited rollover provisions, to allow you to transfer assets to your spouse on a tax-free basis). That the corporation is a separate legal entity is irrelevant, the accrued income is reflected in the value of the shares held by the taxpayer, that's where its taxed. There'd be no tax at the corporation level, and there's a timing game, but so what, all the income will ultimately be taxed in the hands of shareholders. You can't defer tax indefinitely, CIT or no.
Take Berkshire Hathaway, your example, in the absence of a CIT in the US, a portion of its undistributed profits would be taxed (at a rate higher than the current rate) every time the shares are traded on the NYSE (53K times a day for the Class A shares, roughly 3% of the float, 4.5M times a day for the class B shares - I'm surprised the volume is that high). And of course, in the absence of distributions, those shares would be traded more frequently as people liquidate their holdings to finance their lives (surprisingly, no matter how much people hate paying taxes, people, particularly wealthy people, like spending money).
We could readily set up a tax system without a CIT, but with the same effective tax rates on income earned through corporations, that would collect the exact same amount of revenue as the current system. The proof is that we do so on a daily basis with trusts and parntnerships (and, in the US, with limited liability corporations and s-corporations).
"I'm sorry, but you're wrong. If corporations simply let profits accrue without distributing them, the value of those accrued profits will be reflected in the share price of the corporation (it's not going anywhere)."
No. True in theory, sometimes true in reality but not true enough to finance a government. The market is not THAT efficient.
Do you want to track down every shareholder of the Big Banks and make them file a personal return or collect the tax from the bank itself? The bank has the cash. This sort of efficiency argument was why we instituted payroll tax deductions at source.
Governments can't tolerate massive 5-50 year deferral of taxes on that scale. Our choice has been not to tolerate it.
Any shareholder of the bank that realizes a gain or receives dividend already has to file a return, so i don't see the alleged efficiency gain from taxing corporations. Indeed, think about, how could a two level tax system ever have lower compliance costs than a single level tax system.
As for the alleged inability of governments to manage the tax deferral, if such a system were implemented, provided that people traded securities or died at a more or less steady rate over time, there's no reason to think that there would be government cash flow issues.
Mind you, i should be careful about encouraging such a development, since the CIT is a boon for tax lawyers (which some might see as a further argument against it).
This seems to boil down to whether you believe untaxed profits are a Bad Thing. If you felt that way, you should also oppose RRSPs, TFSAs, etc. I think taxing the profit when it is used for consumption is sensible, and having that tax be progressive. I find arguments for taxing profits (aka investment returns) fairly uncompelling.
RRSPs and TFSAs have contribution limits. I think it's not unreasonable to worry about hoarding in a no-CIT world.
No-CIT is simply not happening. Perhaps a more fruitful avenue to explore would be tax code simplification, broadening the base, and keeping rates down. I've filed corporate tax returns, and even when it was a one man teeny tiny corporation that basically owned nothing it was an impenetrable morass of a forms and jargon. Thank God 2008 bankrupted all my customers and freed me from the clutches of the accountants! In any case, cost of compliance for larger firms must be astronomical. There must be a better way.
Agreed, we're stuck with the system we have, although it's still helpful to think about alternatives just to give us a counterfactual for assessing our own tax system.
In terms of compliance, notwithstanding my pecuniary interest to the contrary, I'm all for tax code simplification, but simplificity comes with other costs. At the end of the day, there are three desirable attributes of a tax system (i) simplicity (ii) efficiency and (iii) fairness. Unfortunately, you can't have all three of them atonce. You can have a tax system that's simple and efficient, say a flat tax, but it won't be fair. You can have a tax system that's simple and fair, but it won't be efficient. Or you can have a system that's efficient and fair, but it won't be simple.
In practice, we have a trade off between all three. If you run a business, your tax return is complex in part because you can claim deductions that an employee can't claim. Then again, that's neccesary for efficiency reasons since many of those expenses should rightly be deducted from your revenue to properly reflect your income. For employees (most of us), a lot of those deductions aren't available (even though, in some cases, they should be, at least from a principled perspective - for example, interest on my student loan is every bit a cost of earning my employment income as is interest on a line of credit for a small business, but you can deduct the later, but not the former), but the efficiency loss is probably pretty small, and there is the offsetting advantage of simplicity (if you run even a small business, you're well advised to hire an accountant, if you're an employee, you can probably do your tax return in half an hour).
Some of the more complex provisions of the Tax Act, for example, dealing with disability tax credits, are desirable for fairness reasons (both to ensure assistance to those who need it, while preventing those who don't need it from being able to claim such credits), but they come at considerable cost to simplicity. Similarly, others are intended to protect fairness by preventing people from exploiting inconsistencies in the tax act (I can think of at least two that are indecypherable to even senior members of the tax bar).
All of which is to say is that simplification has its limits. Moreover, it's hard to do. Apparently a few years ago the Australians who tried to rewrite their tax code in plain English. A nice idea in its own way, but they got half way through it before they realized that while technical jargon has its limits, it at least has well defined meanings, whereas "plain English" was too vague for a legal document (the example I heard was people deducting the cost of their chauffeur as an "automobile expense", which was defined as something along the lines of "expenses relating to automobiles"). I gather they gave up half-way through. In any event, we won't be getting simplification any time soon, I heard a rumour recently that finance will be releasing 900 pages of technical amendments to the Tax Act one of these days, to take care of a decade's worth of housekeeping - the Tax Lawyer and Accountant Stimulus Bill of 2012.
"I think it's not unreasonable to worry about hoarding in a no-CIT world."
What does hoarding mean, though? Reinvesting retained earnings? If there is 'too much' hoarding, surely the returns on marginal investments will fall below the discount rate of some investors, and the corp would pay dividends to be consumed. Or, if the corp keeps investing regardless of how poor returns become, the average return will eventually fall to the point where investors sell and trigger a capital gain. Either way, hoarding is bounded by investors' willingness to defer consumption. | 2019-04-20T20:59:23Z | https://worthwhile.typepad.com/worthwhile_canadian_initi/2012/03/cit.html | Porn | Science | 0.104064 |
goo | 2006年9月19日には、イーロン大学法科大学院（Elon University School of Law）における講演で司法の独立に関する懸念を再度表明した。.
2003年には、「法の尊厳－ある最高裁判事の回想」（The Majesty of the Law: Reflections of a Supreme Court Justice (ISBN 0-375-50925-9)）と題する本を著した。.
E.J. Montini. "Rehnquist is No. 1, O'Connor is No. 3, Baloney is No. 2.", Arizona Republic, (July 12, 2005).
Sandra Day O'Connor and H. Alan Day (2002). Lazy B: Growing Up on a Cattle Ranch in the American Southwest. Random House. ISBN 0-375-50724-8.
^ McCaslin, John (2001年11月7日). “Power Women”. McCaslin's Beltway Beat (Washington, D.C.: Townhall.com). http://www.townhall.com/columnists/JohnMcCaslin/2001/11/07/mccaslins_beltway_beat 2009年6月15日閲覧. "… Ladies' Home Journal, … ranks the 30 Most Powerful Women based on cultural clout, financial impact, achievement, visibility, influence, intellect, political know-how and staying power. Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton ranks 5th on the list behind Miss Winfrey, Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, Martha Stewart and Barbara Walters"
^ CNN Newsroom, Cable News Network, 1:45 PM on November 14, 2007.
^ 'Seized by Alzheimer’s, Then Love", New York Times, November 14, 2007.
^ a b James Taranto, Leonard Leo (2004). Presidential Leadership. Wall Street Journal Books. http://books.google.com/books?id=zxBAnuWpg5kC 2008年10月20日閲覧。.
^ Greenburg, Jan Crawford. Supreme Conflict: The Inside Story of the Struggle for Control of the United States Supreme Court. Penguin Books. Page 222.
^ a b Greenburg, Jan Crawford. Supreme Conflict: The Inside Story of the Struggle for Control of the United States Supreme Court.2007. Penguin Books. Page 222.
^ Greenburg, Jan Crawford. Supreme Conflict: The Inside Story of the Struggle for Control of the United States Supreme Court.2007. Penguin Books. Page 222-223.
^ Greenburg, Jan Crawford. Supreme Conflict: The Inside Story of the Struggle for Control of the United States Supreme Court.2007. Penguin Books. Page 223.
^ a b Greenhouse, Linda. Becoming Justice Blackmun. Times Books. 2005. Page 141.
^ Greenburg, Jan Crawford. Supreme Conflict: The Inside Story of the Struggle for Control of the United States Supreme Court.2007. Penguin Books. Page 68.
^ Greenburg, Jan Crawford. Supreme Conflict: The Inside Story of the Struggle for Control of the United States Supreme Court.2007. Penguin Books. Pages 122-123.
^ Greenburg, Jan Crawford. Supreme Conflict: The Inside Story of the Struggle for Control of the United States Supreme Court.2007. Penguin Books. Page 123, 134.
^ Greenburg, Jan Crawford. Supreme Conflict: The Inside Story of the Struggle for Control of the United States Supreme Court.2007. Penguin Books. Page 123.
^ Greenhouse, Linda. Becoming Justice Blackmun. Times Books. 2005. Page 183.
^ Greenburg, Jan Crawford. Supreme Conflict: The Inside Story of the Struggle for Control of the United States Supreme Court. 2007. Penguin Books. Page 80.
^ Nager, Glen D. (3 2006). “A Tribute to Justice Sandra Day O'Connor” (PDF). Harvard Law Review (マサチューセッツ州ケンブリッジ: The Harvard Law Review Association) 119 (5): 1250. ISSN 0017-811X. OCLC 46968396. http://www.harvardlawreview.org/issues/119/march06/oconnor_tribute.pdf 2009年6月15日閲覧. "Though SOC is not one to brag about her own accomplishments, she does manage to ask in most conversations about golf whether she has "mentioned that I have a hole-in-one?""
"O'Connor not bothered by delayed retirement.", Associated Press September 28, 2005.
"Sandra Day O'Connor prepares for final days on Supreme Court.", Associated Press September 19, 2005. | 2019-04-22T14:18:27Z | https://wpedia.goo.ne.jp/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B3%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC | Porn | Reference | 0.220419 |
wordpress | This is not church-as-usual. It’s not your typical mission trip. This isn’t just another men’s rally. This is what happens when you follow Jesus into the heart of New Orleans during Mardi Gras to show His radical love in the middle of a huge party. In the process, God opens our eyes to places in our lives that need some chiseling, sanding, and restoration. Grace gets in your face through powerful preaching, incredible worship, and a chance to get shoulder to shoulder with some spiritual giants who also just happen to be normal, everyday guys just like you.
Bottom line: God shows up. Now it’s your turn. | 2019-04-25T13:42:02Z | https://campaurora.wordpress.com/ | Porn | Reference | 0.459119 |
starbulletin | Scientists have found proof that Polynesians arrived by canoe in South America before Europeans.
SCIENTIFIC research has found that Polynesians visited South America long before the Spanish or Portuguese explorers, and the findings strongly support the view that Pacific islanders beat Columbus to North America by hundreds of years. Discoverers Day has taken on a new meaning.
A team of researchers led by New Zealand anthropologist Alice A. Storey used genetic analysis and radiocarbon dating to link chickens that lived in Chile between 1304 and 1424 to Polynesian islands, long before Europeans arrived on the continent after 1500. The chicken bones' DNA was identical to that of chicken bones from prehistoric sites on Tonga and American Samoa.
Other evidence of prehistoric contact between South America and Polynesia includes the presence of the sweet potato, native to South America, in both places. Polynesian sailors are presumed to have obtained them in South America and brought them home.
The findings support the contention of University of California linguist Kathryn A. Klar and Cal Poly San Luis Obispo archeologist Terry L. Jones that Polynesians set foot on Southern California even earlier. They have contended that the Chumash and nearby Gabrielino Indian tribes learned how to build sewn-plank boats from the Polynesians sometime between 400 and 800 A.D, after thousands of years of using less seaworthy boats.
In addition, Klar and Jones point out the similarity of the Chumash and Gabrielino words for the boat-building technique -- tomolo'o tiat tarayna-- and the combination of Hawaiian words for the method of making wooden planks and sewing them together -- kumulaa'ua tia talai na; many Hawaiian words beginning with "k" derived from words beginning with "t."
Klar and Jones said they also found a change in the style of fishhooks used by the Chumash to the two-piece bone fishhooks used by Polynesians. Klar asserts that recent radiocarbon evidence indicates that Hawaii was initially settled between 610 and 790 A.D., which "fits comfortably" within the emergence of the technological changes in the California tribes between 400 and 800 A.D.
Skeptics have questioned whether prehistoric Polynesians could have possibly sailed across the world's biggest ocean to North America. Klar responded that the notion that Polynesians lacked the technology or sailing ability for such a voyage "is almost laughable given the size of the target and the fact that the distance from Hawaii to the Marquesas is basically the same as Hawaii to California ... yet we know that the passage from the Marquesas to Hawaii was made repeatedly."
Following the new proof that Polynesians landed in Chile, Jones said to the Los Angeles Times, "Then why is it so difficult to imagine they couldn't have made it to Southern California from Hawaii?" | 2019-04-23T15:52:32Z | http://archives.starbulletin.com/2007/06/06/editorial/editorial01.html | Porn | Science | 0.623838 |
wordpress | If you are interested in any of my products , I will be at NAMM Show 2019.
Contact me to make an appointment .
Brass and Woodwind specialists Odyssey are delighted to announce that they will be making their debut on the show floor at NAMM 2019.
Having attended NAMM shows previously, 2019 will see the burgeoning UK brand receive a profile boost state-side with their first product exhibition. An assortment of the company’s Debut, Symphonique and Premiere collections of horns, flutes, clarinets, saxophones will be exhibited on the coveted NAMM show floor; in addition, Odyssey’s wide-ranging choice of mouthpieces, accessories and instrument care kits will be displayed too.
the Odyssey on the JHS stand, 6404. | 2019-04-23T00:55:40Z | https://pollardtrumpets.wordpress.com/ | Porn | Shopping | 0.502685 |
wordpress | Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia commissioned studies into the environmental and economic impact of a $4 billion dam on the Nile that Addis Ababa aims to make the centrepiece of its bid to become Africa’s biggest power exporter.
It has become a bone of contention between Ethiopia and Egypt, downstream from the dam and relying almost exclusively on the Nile for agricultural, industrial and domestic water use.
Addis Ababa has complained Cairo has pressured international donors and lenders to withhold funding for the project, while Egypt has sought assurances the dam will not significantly cut the flow of water to its rapidly growing population.
Egyptian state news agency MENA said the two countries plus Sudan signed contracts on Tuesday tasking two French firms, BRL and Artelia, with conducting studies into the dam’s impact.
Gilles Rocquelain, BRL Director General, said the studies would start in late 2016 and take 11 months.
The leaders of the three countries signed a co-operation deal in Khartoum last year to pave the way for a joint approach to regional water supplies.
In all, Ethiopia plans to spend some $12 billion on harnessing its rivers for hydro power production in the next two decades. | 2019-04-21T14:17:13Z | https://currentbreakingnewsindia.wordpress.com/ | Porn | Business | 0.584274 |
wordpress | ← Just How Useful is Digital Activism?
Online social networking has become a key ingredient in social capital, especially when launching a political campaign to endorse either a political issue or even a political candidate. Facebook and Twitter have become, in the modern era, very influential in the quest for information dispersement, and political actors are aware of the profound impact that these social networking sites have. Pasek et al. (2009) found that SNS use was positively correlated with civic engagement, with Facebook being more strongly correlated to political knowledge than Myspace. They also found that, aside from SNS use, informational Internet use was also positively correlated to political knowledge. This means that the Internet and social networking play key roles in how audiences obtain information about a politically salient issue.
However, the problem with measuring success of a political campaign can become difficult. There are two different types of metrics describes by Karpf (2010): tactical metrics versus strategic metrics. Tactical metrics are easy to measure (number of Twitter followers, retweets, etc.) while strategic metrics, the more important of the two metrics because it measures success, can be is more difficult to measure. Karpf emphasizes that persuasion is key in mobilizing a campaign, and just because a person has a high tactical number of followers does not mean that people are being persuaded because they could already have been supporters.
And so, the question becomes, how can political actors with a specific goal ensure that their campaigns are successful on social networking sites? What methods of persuasion can they utilize and is it possible to truly persuade someone about something over a portal like Twitter? If it is a partisan concept, how can they persuade people of the opposite political affiliation without that direct, face-to-face contact?
This entry was posted in Week 5, Winter 2013. Bookmark the permalink.
Great post! I especially like that you point out that “just because a person has a high tactical number of followers does not mean that people are being persuaded.” Although I’m a big fan of Twitter, I do think there are roadblocks to using it as a way to persuade people or get them to “jump on-board” an activism campaign. Due to the fact that Twitter users have the ability to actively select who they do/ do not follow, it is hard to tell if your message is actually reaching anyone who might not have already been interested in the first place. Sure, it is beneficial to spread your message and success to the people who already believe in your mission, but it is another thing entirely to expect that this message is reaching those who wouldn’t actively seek it out. The one redeeming quality of Twitter, which I believe will be explored in future years, is the ability to turn your followers into active “spokespeople” (by getting them to actively interact and re-tweet you) who may have a more diverse following than the group in general.
Thanks for getting me to think about both sides! | 2019-04-21T18:56:51Z | https://socialmediaandpolitics.wordpress.com/2013/02/02/social-networking-and-political-campaigns/ | Porn | Arts | 0.094336 |
wordpress | Yes, I had to ask.
You get the idea. You may even be living some of this! There’s nothing wrong with the school, or the family, or the bills, or any of the above! It’s a blessing to work and to achieve. But it can take over our lives and we forget why we even started in the first place!
A few years ago, my brand new husband and I pulled back from a very lucritive lifestyle. We worked our tails off to get there. At the height of our careers…we left. (I wish I could put a huge pause here!!) Yes we left. I personally had finally arrived and I loved my job. I was starting to make a large sum of money even…and I left. We didn’t just leave in a small way (if you know my husband and I, we don’t do many things in a small way!!), we left our jobs, our lifestyle, our income, our state and retreated up into Northern Michigan. From the city and shopping and going out to eat and lunch dates and music on the ‘veranda’ to a small farm in a small town.
My Father was terminally ill. That was one reason. But I believe that my Fathers illness was a catalyst. We were able to have 6 months with my loving Dad who was my mentor and friend…He passed away 2 1/2 years ago and I’m still here in remote Northern Michigan.
We felt God leading us to pull back–we needed a retreat. Both my husband and I had rough divorces that dragged us through the mud. In all honesty, I felt like I had gone to Hell and back. Seven years of drama and turmoil that didn’t seem to let up until I met Jim. I was exhausted. Loved where God had brought me–New loving husband, Fianlly the side of “town” I always wanted to live in, and a fantastic career–but…exhausted just the same.
The truth…I needed more than a vacation. I needed a respite. To pull back. To think. To regroup. To hear and to LISTEN from God. God wanted something more for me and my family, but I wasn’t going to be able to have that if I stayed where I was. I loved it too much! I was able to buy things…and coming from my single-motherhood state, THAT meant something to me!! I did it! I had arrived! Look at me…I accomplished the goal! Wait…did you hear it?
Don’t get me wrong, I leaned heavily on my Savior through all those tough times and years. He lead me to the point where I was, even with all my mistakes! Only, when I arrived, I loved it and was very proud of myself for gettting there!! I would have been quite happy staying there! But, God wanted more. He wanted to bless me and my family (and my new marriage) in a way that I couldn’t even imagine at the time, but I was having such a hard time stepping out of the way. I had gone through some pretty rough times…some of you can’t imagine the turmoil! But now…Now, I was on my feet! And I no longer had to beg anyone…ANYONE for food, or clothes, or gas for my car, or a job.
Under my new husbands love for me, he said, “Let’s go!” So, we did. It has been a struggle. My Dad passed away. Jobs up here are scarce. Money is even scarcer (is that a word??). The winters…geesh! They are long. We are in a small town and can hardly find a Starbucks!! What is that?!?! I mean, we have chickens in our barn!! Hahaha… it’s just the life I’ve needed. Time to think and re-evealuate. Time to become one with that wonderful new husband of mine! Man, we’ve been through it. In the last three years, we’ve had a lifetime together!!
So, now it’s time. Time to step out again. This time trusting God and His leading. Holding my husbands hand and moving forward with the dream that God has given me. Lifting and encouraging others, because now that I’ve healed a bit (oh yes, I still have scares!), I can smile and point others to the True Source of strength…Jesus Christ. All that I am (at least the parts that you may like) are from him! (Keep in mind, I may have parts that you don’t like…they are still me trying to exert myself! Sorry about that!! I’m a work in progress!!) We (which is a much different term than I was using before my respite)…WE are moving forward, being lead by Who…not what…not Self..
And ya know what’s so great about all this?? I really don’t know what’s going to happen next!! It’s a complete adventure full of surprises!! Who could ask for anything more?
Over the last 10 months or so, I have worked hard, to first and foremost become more healthy, but also to bulk up by adding lean muscle. Several people have asked what and how I’ve done it, what I eat, what supplements I take, and if I have any tips. I’m by no means an expert, but I do know what’s worked for me. So I wanted to explain how the transformation has happened and hope that maybe it will help motivate others to live a more healthy lifestyle. And that’s what it is, a lifestyle change, not an overnight fix.
The first thing I believe we have to do in order to help others and ourselves is to be transparent. My journey to adding weight and concerning myself with heart health and strength began with a mental and spiritual transformation. For me, this was essential for my physical health. I went through some difficult personal things over the last few years that “I” completely let wreak havoc on my body. When hard times come, some people choose to eat, and gain weight. I on the other hand, stopped eating, stopped exercising and basically stopped living. Then there was that “ah-ha” moment. I was talking to an old family friend about how I had basically fallen into depression, didn’t want to be around anyone, and had no joy in my life. He looked at me and said, “Think back to when you were the healthiest you’ve ever been, physically, mentally and spiritually. What were the things you enjoyed doing? Pray that the Lord will give you the strength to start doing those things again even if you don’t feel like doing them, and ask Him to give you joy in those things again.” I thought “that’s easy for you to say”, but than I got over my pity party and started praying. I use to love working out, lifting weights and counting calories, protein intake, etc. and seeing results. And although I’m introverted by nature, I loved spending time with family and friends. ALL of these things I had basically deserted and instead “holed up” in my room for hours/days at a time. This was a process, but slowly I began to do these things again, asking God to please give me peace and joy in all things, and help me enjoy life. As a result I grew closer to Him, I started thinking positive again no matter the circumstance of the day (after all it’s one day at a time), and began to believe that no matter what He had a plan for my life and it WASN’T to be miserable and feel sorry for myself. This is where my physical transformation began.
I had been out of the gym for almost 2 years, a place where I use to live for at least an hour, 2 hours a day for 10 years. I got over my initial “gym fear” of being out of shape and thinking everyone would be looking at my pitiful physical self. I joined the YMCA in February of this year, with a goal in mind, to gain 20 pounds by the end of the year. Not only in my mind did I set this goal, but written down and with someone to keep me accountable. I’m not going to lie, the beginning was tough. If you’ve ever worked out and taken a few weeks off due to illness, injury or busy schedule then you know all about the “first sore”. This is when you’re muscles haven’t been worked for an extended period of time, and as you stretch them and tear them in places they haven’t been worked the days following are brutal. And it had been 2 years! Also was the fact I had lost pretty much all of my strength and not being able to lift weight anywhere close to what I had been able to in the past was depressing, but also humbling. And this MOTIVATED me! I had made a decision, I had set a goal, and I wasn’t going to quit. As the days, weeks, then months went by I started to notice good changes. Not just physical appearance changes, but my energy level was increasing, I was happier, calmer, and motivated in all areas of my life. Now as things would pop up that would have derailed me in the past, I found myself appreciating the opportunity to conquer each situation and use it as future motivation. Some of the biggest things I’ve experienced through this whole transformation are: First, God wants us to be healthy. How can I serve, and love others if I’m constantly tired, worn out and only concerned about myself. Second, He gives us willpower. God is in control, but we have the choice to get up in the morning, really live, strive to impact others, or just let the World pass us by. And lastly, if you believe it you can achieve it. Sometimes you have to remove negative influences from your life, but you CAN do it. I’m living proof, and I’m no more special than the next person.
All in all, to this day I have exceeded my initial goal of 20 lbs and gained 30 lbs since February, while decreasing my body fat to 6%. I have gone from 145 lbs (the lightest I was since middle school) to 175 lbs. My week goes like this: Monday-Friday I train extremely hard at the gym, most workouts lasting between 1-2 hours and single muscle groups at a time. I eat a clean diet, lots of chicken & rice, venison, fish, organic brown rice or whole grain pasta, egg whites, oatmeal, etc. I also supplement throughout the day. I removed foods like potatoes, breads that aren’t whole grain, high sugar foods, and I don’t drink alcohol. I’m currently taking a Whey Protein made by Body Fortress (gotta get the Chocolate Peanut Butter!). A typical day I will do a shake in the morning, post workout, and before dinner. Protein bars are also a great way to get 6-8 meals in a day. Most of my whole foods come at breakfast, lunch, and dinner as well as snacks throughout the day like nuts & raw veggies. I also take Glucosamine for joint strength and a men’s once a day vitamin.
Thanks you so much Mark for sharing with us!! It doesn’t take perfection, it takes a decision! A decision to not take for granted the gift of our lives and the bodies to live them with! As Mark so beautifully puts it, we can’t help others or pursue a calling when we are not at our best!! Now, what’s your choice going to be today? Make a decision and stick with it! You just never know what is coming your way!
THIS is a great post!! Just get moving…and have fun!! Thanks Beyonce for being you! Strong, fun, Beautiful and loving life!!
It’s amazing to me how little I know. I think I know so much…but when it comes right down to it, I’m limited. A few years ago I went through a storm. It lasted what seemed like forever! It was 7 years long. My marriage of 13+ years and 4 children crumbled in a horrific way. That story is for another time. But I do mention it only to say with all the fear, drama, and topsy-turvy of that hurricane in my life, I really wouldn’t change it. The remnants of what seemed at that time a black hole, has given me abilities and understanding in a deep and profound way that I would have never acquired without that turmoil.
One of the missions that I dove into was learning about thinking. Apparently, I’ve always been a deep thinker-I learned that more recently from moving back to Michigan for my Hiatus. Before my divorce, I was a fairly small-minded, opinionated, black and white thinker. There was a right way and a wrong way. I had my world (and it was perfect of course! Ha!): my children were well-behaved, my spouse and I owned our own businesses, I went to one of the “best” churches in the south. I had it all, even the picket fence! That was all on the surface of course. When that all changed, I had to re-invent myself or get buried by life. I had to figure out how to do this thing on my own. Not only survive, but succeed I knew from my upbringing that going through all of this meant that I was to help others at some point. That was the purpose for it all (along with drawing me closer to God Himself) so, I had to figure it out.
One of the hardest areas to look at in myself in order to revamp was that I couldn’t point fingers or blame. I received no benefit from looking outside of myself but bitterness! It didn’t put food on the table or a roof over my head! I became determined to look at the way I thought so that I could change my actions and therefore succeed! I had no idea what a journey I was diving into!
Thinking comes from dwelling on a particular line of thoughts. Thoughts, I learned come from 3 areas. Now…I hesitate a bit to tell you this. But, it’s what I learned. I’ve tested this out many a day now not only with myself, but with others. You can do your own testing.
All that I’ve learned through my 5 senses have been gathered up and called my experiences. I lean on these to move forward. Like when I learned to ride my bicycle for the 1st time, I started out with training wheels. After trusting those and learning how to balance a bit, I moved forward. Life is the same. The problem with only leaning on this thought pattern is that I have had some bad experiences too. When I learned to ride my bike, I fell a few times. I skinned my knee and my elbow and my Mom had to patch me up. Why would anyone after taking a fall like that, get back up on that bike (here it is…are you ready?) to just get hurt again? Our natural tendencies lead us to say “No way! I’m not getting on that bike again!” Something outside of us (whether we realize it or not) is encouraging us to move forward and past our hurts. That something (or someone) is teaching us to trust their experience and knowledge and “Get back on and try again!” You can sort of say they are a “higher power”. The adult helping us with words of encouragement and smiles! They are like area number 2 in thoughts.
I want to say first and foremost that God doesn’t ever say something that goes against what he’s already written down. So what that means is He is consistent. Quite frankly, it ‘s impossible for Him to be inconsistent. God deals with the spirit side of ourselves. Our spirit then lets our minds know what we need to think. Our experiences deal strictly with our minds. The natural side of us only. When we hear from God we typically say that “I just know” or I “feel” it. But the truth is it is our spirits (which separate us from all other living things) that are being spoken to. Now, if we do not know God, our minds do not know how to deal with what’s happening. The Bible says in Romans 8:7 that our natural minds or sensual part of us cannot know God. So we need to “…renew our minds daily…”(Romans 12:2). This is key because of the third area of where thoughts come from. If we know who God is and what he wants for us (which if you read in Romans 12:2 further, His plan is perfect and good for us!), then we know what to do when negative words or thoughts come our way! Get rid of them! No dwelling! And by all means don’t speak them out loud giving them power in our lives!
Yes, it’s true. There is a Devil. Look around. Look within your own mind! God wants good for us. God wants to encourage us. God wants to build us up and make us stronger and more capable-like our parents when we were learning how to ride our bikes! We didn’t like it when we fell and hurt ourselves, but they knew it was all part of learning how to ride. They knew the other side was freedom to roll where we couldn’t before, so they picked us up and brushed us off and put us right back on that bike to learn. The Devil does not want that for us. He wants to hold us back, to stay down, to lie there grumbling. To ride and be free means enjoyment and happiness. The Devil doesn’t want anything to do with those things! Why? We might help someone else to “learn how to ride their bikes!” Happiness would spread. True freedom would spread! You see, he made a decision long ago saying to himself that he knew better than God. He wanted to take matters into his own hands and grumbled about God. He wants only that misery for us too. Misery loves company, right? Don’t fall for it! Now I said earlier to not speak the negative thoughts out loud. God…well, He can read our thoughts. He helps us out with them (of course we have to listen). The Devil cannot read our thoughts. He can place a thought into our minds (natural self remember) and watch to see what we will do with that thought, but he can’t know what we will do. He is limited. Isn’t THAT good news?! We need to be careful at this point to replace whatever the Devil is telling us with a truth instead. We don’t want to create a void we want to keep the space filled up but with positive, truthful statements instead. If we say it out loud…all bets are off! The Devil can hear you when you speak out loud! Shhh…keep yourself quiet! If you are going to speak out loud, say something positive!
There are ways to get a handle on this thought life thing.
1. Take an honest look at how many negative thoughts about yourself and situations and others you are saying…BE HONEST!!! Do you have cut-downs that are “just joking” Do you tell yourself that you can’t or won’t or could never??? Do you look at others and compare yourself or what you think is an ideal? Do you bark out orders to others and they just don’t ever measure up? Are you proud of yourself and taking good care of yourself physically? That should get you started!
2. Start to “Renew your mind daily” The word daily is here for a reason! You need to get into a habit my friend-this comes with daily repetition only. Go to books, blogs, articles, (dare I say it for some of you???) the Bible. God wrote down exactly what He thinks of you–It’s all good I promise! He loves you and wants the best for you. I know for some of you out there, we Christians have really messed this up. I’m sorry. We’ve judged poorly, said things we shouldn’t and have hurt way too many of you! Don’t let the Devil whisper lies to you. We fallen Christians may not be great or think good thoughts, but God IS great and thinks only good thoughts about you. Look into Him and His word not to a bunch of yada yada’s (that includes me). We try, but we do fail. God’s not finished with us yet!
3. Surround yourself with mentors and people that have been-there-done-that. They can help with the whole encouragement part! Lean on them and their encouragement until you can encourage yourself!
Thinking, like anything else, is a part of a healthy lifestyle. It takes practice and repitition in our lives to get better and better at this one. We are NOT victums! We have a free will and we choose daily what thoughts we will dwell on and which ones we will replace! It’s our choice! I love that! A tree doesn’t choose-we do!
What thoughts are YOU Choosing today??
Here are some resources for you to take a look at to get better in this area!
Start with Proverbs or the book of James. If you don’t know God at all, start with the 3rd book in the New Testament: John. Learn just how sweet, caring and tender God really truly is!
Quick read but oh so valuable!! Empowering really! Mine is well loved!
No Brainer “Go To” Snack!
Yes I love to eat! It’s true. I am hungry an awful lot and I need quick “go to” foods so that I can get the nutrition I need and satisfy the hunger all while giving me the energy I need to keep going strong. So here is yet another snack of mine that I love!
I love those sweet baby organic kind. They are quick and easy. NO DRESSING FOLKS-SORRY! I don’t dip them typically unless it’s in guacamole and then it’s a whole different snack!
I do love cheese, but I keep this to a minimum when I’m trying to lose fat. You can substitute a low-fat type of cheese, but still keep the intake low. Cheese does give great protein benefits!
This is a new find for me. I know, I know…manyof you have known about Kashi brand a long time. I tried one of their cereals a long time ago when my older kids were young and they refused to eat it-I didn’t blame them (wow!!) This company has come a long way baby!! Whole grains, fiber, wonderful flavor…I can’t say enough! So Kashi crackers are a new favorite with my whole family! We are astonished at the flavor difference-no processed anything! Go for this snack!
Ever hear about the changes companies make to reinvent themselves? They do it so they can accomplish goals and achieve higher standards. Musicians do it too. You’ll see a group get in shape so they can get a bigger following and handle the concerts! As I was talking with a friend today, I realized that I’ve done this with myself a few times. Sometimes it was for business-I own my own and my image IS the business. Mostly though I’ve reinvented myself for personal growth and to shed off areas of my life I don’t like! And, to add some ares that I’ve enjoyed in others!
I don’t let go of who I am-my core values don’t change. However, I do take an honest look at myself and see what’s working and what isn’t. What I DON’T do is look at all the bad in me and beat myself up for not being more! NO…that doesn’t serve any good purpose and is a waste of precious time and energy! If I’m honest with myself, I have loads of good stuff that I and others like along side of some areas…well…I’d rather not admit to. Twice in my life, weight has been or was quickly becoming an issue. I needed to make changes or face all kinds of problems. Since I didn’t want to accept being bigger because I’m “older” or “I’m a Mom” or “That’s just the way it is”, I knew I had to take a major turn and stick with it until I reached the changes necessary.
I had other areas too that in all honesty were actually some of the causes for my weight gain. I let emotional and spiritual areas of my life slip and therefore took it out on myself. Since I horribly hated where I was at (both times), I decided to make some changes. This took looking at myself and what I liked and what I didn’t. It’s important that when in a down-hill state, it’s the areas I liked (either in myself or in others) to come first! The boost is important!
One of the valuable things I did was to write it all down. I didn’t wallow or roll words around in my head. I wrote down the good the bad and the ugly. Next, I wrote down where I wanted to be and who I wanted to be. I put these words into the present tense as if they have already taken place! This is so important…Tomorrow never comes! Think about it. We have been given today…really this moment. Put desires and dreams into right here and right now.
I can because I KNOW I can!
I read that list out load to myself daily! Many days twice a day! It all became my mindset and life changed! | 2019-04-24T10:49:28Z | https://redfoxfitness.wordpress.com/tag/depression/ | Porn | Shopping | 0.717749 |
wordpress | basketball, humor, media, minorities, sports, U.S.A.
School officials are reeling after students chanted “U.S.A” while cheering the victory of their home team consisting a male Caucasians. “It was like I was back in 1950 Alabama,” sobbed Jose Jimenez through a translator.
The opposing team consisted of darker people who believed the lighter team demonstrated an utter lack of “white guilt” by demonstrating pride in their nation and failing to under perform so that the less talented team consisting of mostly racial minorities wouldn’t suffer any loss of self-esteem. “How could those white boys be so insensitive to Spanish-speaking kids waving the Mexican flag?” asked Greta Mossburg who teaches multicultural agendas at the local junior college.
As expected, school officials prostrated themselves under pressure from minority pressure groups and vowed to enroll the offending students in white guilt classes. “It’s a dangerous thing when you have Caucasians excelling and asserting themselves in front of minorities. We’ll develop curriculum designed to take as much wind out of their sails as possible so a healthy mediocrity can exist,” gushed Eduardo Martinez, a bilingual curriculum coordinator for minorities who refuse to learn the English language.
A local school district is apologizing after an apparent incident of racism at a boys high school basketball game this past weekend.
When the final whistle blew Saturday, Alamo Heights celebrated a convincing victory over San Antonio Edison.
Alamo Heights Head Coach Andrew Brewer said he was proud of his team.
via Racial incident mars high school game | Defenders – Home. | 2019-04-19T03:24:46Z | https://jadedswine.wordpress.com/category/sports/ | Porn | Sports | 0.415819 |
wordpress | Steve Almond is the author of nine books of fiction and nonfiction, including the New York Times bestsellers Candyfreak and Against Football. His new book, Bad Stories, is a literary investigation of what the hell just happened to our country. He wrote it to keep from going crazy. He hosts the New York Times Dear Sugars podcast with his pal Cheryl Strayed. His short stories have been anthologized widely, in the Best American Short Stories, The Pushcart Prize, Best American Erotica, and Best American Mysteries series. He also publishes crazy, DIY books.
Ross Gay is the author of three books: Against Which; Bringing the Shovel Down; and Catalog of Unabashed Gratitude, winner of the 2015 National Book Critics Circle Award and the 2016 Kingsley Tufts Poetry Award. Catalog was also a finalist for the 2015 National Book Award in Poetry, the Ohioana Book Award, the Balcones Poetry Prize, the Hurston-Wright Legacy Award, and it was nominated for an NAACP Image Award. Ross is the co-author, with Aimee Nezhukumatathil, of the chapbook “Lace and Pyrite: Letters from Two Gardens,” in addition to being co-author, with Richard Wehrenberg, Jr., of the chapbook, “River.” He is a founding editor, with Karissa Chen and Patrick Rosal, of the online sports magazine Some Call it Ballin’, in addition to being an editor with the chapbook presses Q Avenue and Ledge Mule Press. Ross is a founding board member of the Bloomington Community Orchard, a non-profit, free-fruit-for-all food justice and joy project. He has received fellowships from Cave Canem, the Bread Loaf Writer’s Conference, and the Guggenheim Foundation. Ross teaches at Indiana University.
Pam Houston’s most recent book is Contents May Have Shifted, published in 2012, by W.W. Norton. She is also the author of two collections of linked short stories, Cowboys Are My Weakness and Waltzing the Cat, the novel, Sight Hound, and a collection of essays called A Little More About Me, all published by W.W. Norton. Her stories have been selected for volumes of Best American Short Stories, The O. Henry Awards, The Pushcart Prize, and Best American Short Stories of the Century. She is professor of English at UC Davis, co-founder of the literary nonprofit Writing By Writers and teaches in The Institute of American Indian Art’s Low-Rez MFA program and at writer’s conferences around the country and the world. She lives on a ranch at 9,000 feet in Colorado near the headwaters of the Rio Grande. | 2019-04-22T10:05:44Z | https://writingxwriters2.wordpress.com/boulder-workshop/2019-boulder-faculty/ | Porn | Arts | 0.962332 |
wordpress | Bio: I am an active runner and living off a vegetarian lifestyle. My blog is to tell people how I live off being a vegetarian athlete and tell people how they can safely adapt to becoming a vegetarian. Or to those who are just interested in learning more about vegetarians, this site is something worth reading then. | 2019-04-26T02:02:27Z | https://vegoutandrun.wordpress.com/about/ | Porn | Sports | 0.90353 |
wordpress | Anna Breytenbach, a very talented animal communicator, is remarkable in several aspects. Of course it is very wonderful to be able to communicate with our animal companions on this planet so as to be better able to meet our common challenges or for us to assist animals in human environments that are in distress. I see the great significance of this kind of direct connection with the animal world also, as Anna and others in the video mention, in that more and more humans are beginning to acknowledge that the Natural world is actually our home. I know that I am feeling greatly nourished on the emotional, mental, physical and spiritual levels of my being since my direct, visceral connection to Nature began to intensify over the course of the last year. I am sure you will enjoy this video!
Since July of 2012 when I created this blog as Heartflow, I shared what the Heart is showing me. Now, in January 2014, this blog has morphed into New Earth Heartbeat as I feel the vision of our Heart coming down onto ground zero with the creation of the New Earth Project.
New Earth Heartbeat is about what I call “Living New Earth”. By that I mean that each of us is able right now to live just the way we want to and just the way we imagine life is in New Earth. This has to do with our thoughts in every moment. It means asking myself if this thought is really the thought I want to have? This also has to do with my attitude towards the things and beings in my surroundings.
I ask myself if this is the way I want to be toward this person, or animal, or plant? Do I want to be patient with the objects in my life or impatient and irritated? Do I allow my anger to flare up at the car that swerves into my lane on the road, or do I have the inner strength to smile in that moment, and see how that changes things?
How about my relation to my body? Am I caring and considerate of its present condition, treating it like a cherished friend? Or do I “use” it without a sense of love and caring?
And so the list goes on for pages if we want. The new aspect of our life in 2014 as I see it is that each of us is now ready to live our lives according to our own personal sense of excellence. We are ready to give up the compromises that we have let ourselves in on in respect to our own integrity. We are no longer willing to live in a way that compromises our integrity with what we know we can do.
We can be aware every moment of the day, and even in the night. Although we may still go unconscious sometimes, but we know that day by day our practice is paying off. We know this and now we are ready to live this knowledge. It is up to each of us to create New Earth right now by living it.
In New Earth Heartbeat I will post what inspires and supports me in this endeavor. I hope you will enjoy these posts and will join in with your comments about how you live New Earth in your own, unique way. Wishing us all a very fulfilling and exciting New Year 2014!
Every time I open up my laptop I am confronted with the Universal Brain (the Internet). In order to not become a victim of this amazing new power of humanity I find it necessary to be very clear about my relationship to “information” and knowledge in general.
“If YOU don’t know it, you don’t KNOW it” (Bertolt Brecht) This one kind of sums it up for me after much trial and error throughout the decades (has it been that long? OMG!) It illustrates my present understanding that what I call “I know” must be something rooted in my own direct experience. This leads to the unity of the lessons that Life presents me with and what I know, because what I know and what I “need” to know has to do with living my life – there must be a connection to my “here and now”.
Is this information something that will affect and change the way I live? the way I meet people? the way I see myself?
If there are changes, for example, to the physical environment I live in, is there some way for me to change the way I live in order to be better aligned with those changes?
Does this information call me to become active in some way in order affect change in that environment, in the world?
Does that information “form” me in some way here and now in what I think, feel and do?
Let’s take the following scenario: if a huge meteor is bearing down on this planet headed right for my town and total destruction is certain (according to that information), how will that change me here and now? Will I suddenly be more appreciative of all that is my life right now? Will I do all I can do to help those around me in this situation? Does that alarming information move me to live with a heightened awareness and appreciation for this one moment of life right now?Those are the questions I ask myself, and they are questions I ask myself also when I read about increased solar activity, global warming, increased toxicity in our food etc.
They have led me to the understanding that I am a particle of this one Life and as that I am destined to serve Life in whatever way is possible for me. That is where I, personally, put a lot of my inner focus: what is possible for me? This includes all that you and I and the others here know: “put on your own oxygen mask before you try to help others” and all that that entails in our individual lives so that we are all that we can be in order to be able to give all that we can give using our full potential.
My basic attitude in this time of engineered “over-information”, which I see as being designed to make people fearful and insecure, is LESS IS MORE. The less details I take in about pending disasters, terrorists and rapists behind every door, scams and tricksters wanting my money etc. the more I will be able to center myself on what is important in the above sense. I stay informed by reading the main headlines on a couple of Internet news site and only (really ONLY) reading the whole report if my software filter (see above) recommends it (NO TV – NO NEWSPAPERS – except occasionally our small town local sheet). I highly recommend training yourself to NOT REACT to the “curiosity trigger” as it is one of the main ways that we are influenced to adhere to the consensus mass consciousness.
Behind all of the above statements, however, is the fact that only since I have devoted myself to the inquiry as to who or what I really am and a realization of that has started to settle in to my nervous system, am I more settled in general and less susceptible to the various “emergencies” that supposedly loom on the ever closer coming horizon. This realization centers around the statement that all I can really know is “I am”. All else is basically conjecture. Is death the end of it all or is there reincarnation? Is karma an absolute fact or is it dependent on my belief in it? Is our reality “out there” or all “in my mind”? Can I effect change by manipulating circumstances in my environment or only through inner shifts in consciousness, or in a measured combination of both?
Following the only real fact that I know through my direct experience (I am) has led me to discoveries as to how the inner and the outer dance together and as to how I can best hear the Dance Master’s cues as to how I am to perform in this magnificent, miraculous, sometimes seemingly horrific scenario we call Life. | 2019-04-26T13:38:21Z | https://newearthpulse.wordpress.com/tag/universal-consciousness/ | Porn | News | 0.553874 |
wordpress | Katrina from Baking and Boys suggested I do a google search for Parisian bakeries in my area. I live in Central Minnesota. There are no Parisian Bakeries here. Period. There is the ever popular Cold Spring Bakery 20 or so miles from here. If you’re looking for donuts, and sweet rolls, Cold Spring Bakery can’t be beat. The last time I was there I even saw some macaron but they didn’t look the least bit appetizing so I passed in hopes that I would find ‘the real deal’ sometime in the future.
Fortunately I make regular trips to Minneapolis and if a Central Minnesotan really wants a foodie item, almost anything can be found in the Twin Cities metro area. Following Katrina’s advice I googled ‘Parisian Bakeries Minneapolis’ and Chez Arnaud in Maple Grove is not only the closest to me, but pretty conveniently located not far off of I-494. It’s over an hour from where I live but since I was on my way to Minneapolis yesterday I decided to allow some extra time and hunt down my first ever macaron. It was an educational experience.
I’ve read about macaron everywhere, on the web, in cookbooks and in magazines. I’ve watched countless videos about how to make them, and I’ve read countless blog posts about them. I was insanely interested in this mysterious to me little cookie. My interest is now satiated. I had one. Okay I had more than one. I had to try each flavor that Chez Arnaud had to offer yesterday. No offense to Chez Arnaud but I’m underwhelmed. They’re beautiful to look at little cookies. They have a fascinating texture. Crisp or crackly on the outside. Soft and moist on the inside. The flavors didn’t grab me. The sales clerk told me the yellow one is lemon, the pink is strawberry, and the orange is pineapple mango. I couldn’t detect any pineapple in the orange cookie. I think it’s mango. The lemon had the most flavor and was my favorite even though I’m not sure it was lemon. The strawberry was good, not great. Perhaps macaron are an acquired taste? Perhaps the flavor profile would have been better earlier in the day? I think I made my purchase a little after four in the afternoon so maybe they are better fresher?
If I have the opportunity to try macaron again I will definitely give them another try. I won’t hunt them down, and definitely won’t be trying to make them at home.
All of that said. I picked up a Pain au Chocolat and had it with tea this morning for breakfast. I would definitely return to Chez Arnaud to try their croissant, breads, and pick up another Pain au Chocolat. The Pain au Chocolate was absolutely excellent, even a day old.
This entry was posted on June 24, 2011 at 11:03 am and is filed under Cookies. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
I would actually agree with you that the one time I’ve eaten macarons, supposedly from a reputable source, it was an underwhelming dessert to me–too sweet and almost gooey on the inside. I definitely wouldn’t go through the trouble to try to make them. I’d rather save my OCD tendencies on yet another chocolate chip cookie variation!
Sorry you didn’t love the macarons. I more prefer the chocolate and nutty flavors–I’ve had a few that I just LOVE, but actually am not sure I’ve tried any fruity ones. A favorite was chocolate hazelnut. I love meringue cookies, do you like them? The crusty but hollow cookies is similar to macarons.
Glad you found something you like though! Happy Birthday today!
It’s okay that I didn’t love them! Now I can spend time obsessing about some other baked good! 🙂 Actually I was a bit disappointed that they didn’t have a chocolate or nut flavor macaron to try. I’m guessing I would have liked those better than the fruit varieties.
I will definitely find that bakery and try them and for sure the chocolate bread-I only live a few miles from MG. I’m not a meringue fan, but who knows. On your other brownie comment, I have not tried KA brownies yet. I saw Dutch cocoa at the grocery store and had sticker shock!…Maybe the alkaline tendency helps with the shiny crust? I’ll need to break down and try it one of these days. I noticed so many brownie recipes are almost identical. The changes I made to the one bowl brownies made them almost identical to Anna’s frosted fudge brownies to which you pointed me. No wonder they came out good!
You should try the macroons at Sweets Bakeshop – they are delicious! They have rotating flavors, but I’d recommend the salted caramel or a cayanne one if they have it. I tried the lavender one and it wasn’t as good as the others. And while you’re there, get a cupcake too. 🙂 They have shops in St. Paul and Minneapolis.
Thanks for the recommendation! I was hoping someone would comment with a macaron recommendation in the Minneapolis area! I will definitely give them a try, and I really hope they have salted caramel the day I go! I’ll have a cupcake too, jut because you recommended it. Thanks again!
I went to Chez Arnaud’s last week. I purchased a salted caramel and a Lavender Lemon macaron. Also upon your recommendation I purchased a pain du chocolat. The chocolate bread was also my favorite. I just posted some comments about my experience at Chez Arnaud. | 2019-04-22T08:34:29Z | https://basicallybaked.wordpress.com/2011/06/24/midwest-macaron/ | Porn | Shopping | 0.970006 |
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INTRODUCTION The AVIATORS' MODEL CODE OF CONDUCT (Code of Conduct) presents broad guidance for general aviation (GA) pilots to help them promote airmanship, flight safety, the culture of GA and the vibrancy of GA in general. The Code of Conduct addresses issues of importance to aviators and advances a vision of excellence in aviation. Its principles both complement and supplement minimum regulatory standards - since what is merely legal in aviation is not necessarily safe or wise.
The Sample Recommended Practices: To further the effective use of its principles by GA pilots, the Code of Conduct provides Sample Recommended Practices following each section. These offer examples of ways pilots might integrate the principles into their own practices. The Sample Recommended Practices combine recommended practices with personal minimums. They can serve as templates to help pilots and GA organizations develop practices uniquely suited to their own activities and situations. Unlike the Code of Conduct principles themselves, which are immutable, the Sample Recommended Practices may be modified to satisfy the unique capabilities and requirements of each pilot, mission, aircraft, and GA organization. Some Sample Recommended Practices do in fact exceed the stringency of their associated Code of conduct principles. They are not presented in any particular order, except that instrument flight rule (IFR)-specific Sample Recommended Practices appear last.
promoting GA and making flying a more rewarding experience.
adhere to applicable laws and regulations.
Explanation: Code of Conduct Section I serves as a preamble to and umbrella for the Code of Conduct's other principles. It emphasizes safety, excellence, risk management, responsibility, and lays the foundation for accountability and heightened diligence.
Recognize, accept and plan for the costs (often greater than expected) of implementing proper safety practices, in terms of time, money and personal effort.
Approach flying with the utmost seriousness and diligence, recognizing that your life and the lives of your passengers and others depend on it.
Accurately identify prevailing conditions and adapt to changing in-flight conditions following sound principles of airmanship and risk management.
Recognize the increased risks associated with flying in inclement weather, at night, over water, and over rugged, mountainous or forested terrain, and take steps to manage those risks effectively and prudently without exceeding your personal parameters (see Code of Conduct i.e.).
Develop, use and periodically review and refine personal checklists and personal minimums for all phases of flight operations. Seek the input and review of these materials by a certificated flight instructor.
Commit to making personal wellness a precondition of flying (for example, by using the I'M SAFE checklist before each flight).
Know your personal susceptibility to hypoxia (e.g., via oxymeter); carry supplemental oxygen on flights where its use may benefit you or your passengers; and establish O2 personal minimums - e.g., daytime above 8,000 ft. MSL and nighttime above 5,000 ft. MSL.
See and be seen. Employ techniques for seeing other aircraft, such as scanning, and techniques to enhance your own visibility to avoid other aircraft, such as the use of landing lights and strobes (except while taxiing or in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC)).
Minimize turns and maneuvers below 500 feet AGL (except as required for landings and obstacle departure procedures).
Comply with or exceed the requirements for mandatory inspections and Airworthiness Directives (ADs), and voluntarily adhere to manufacturers' recommended inspections, service bulletins and checklists.
Adhere to applicable flying club and FBO/flight center rules and operating practices.
Minimum descent altitude/decision height (MDA/DH) - exercise extreme caution and voluntarily limit approaches where ceilings are under 800 ft. AGL and visibility is under 1 mi. for straight-in approaches or ceilings are under 1,000 ft. AGL and visibility is under 3 mi. for circling approaches. Never execute a circling approach at night unless there is no alternative and you are capable of safely executing such an approach. In deteriorating weather conditions and at night, observe higher minimums.
Approach attempts - limit approaches to a maximum of two (under the same or deteriorating weather conditions) and do not prematurely cancel IFR.
Departures - select a "departure alternate" airport in case an emergency occurs and you are unable to return to the departure airport (just after lift-off), and depart only in conditions above applicable arrival or departure minimums [unless a nearby airport has an available ILS].
Night operations - recognize the increased risks associated with night operations; avoid flying in convective conditions and fly IFR whenever practical at night (if rated).
In an unstable approach below 500 ft. AGL in VMC, go around. In an unstable approach below 1,000 ft. AGL in IMC, go missed.
avoid operations that may alarm or annoy passengers or parties on the surface.
Explanation: Pilots are responsible for the safety and comfort of their passengers. Passengers place their lives in pilots' hands, and pilots should exercise sufficient care on their behalf. Such care includes, but is not limited to, disclosing unusual risks and exercising prudent risk management. Pilot responsibility also extends to parties on the ground and in other aircraft.
Keep your passengers as safe as possible — as though they were your closest loved ones.
Aspire to act towards your passengers with professionalism.
Seek to improve safety margins, and always act conservatively to maintain flight safety.
Tactfully disclose risks to each passenger and accept a prospective passenger's decision to refrain from participating.
Require that passengers wear seat belts and shoulder harnesses, and consider the use of headsets [or ear plugs] during all flight operations.
When practical, provide an informative passenger briefing in advance of the anticipated flight date.
Become familiar with, and if feasible, consider obtaining insurance coverage for passengers and urge passengers to do so too.
Instruct passengers to avoid touching or obstructing critical flight controls.
Encourage passengers to serve as safety resources - e.g., by identifying nearby aircraft, organizing charts, etc.
Screen unfamiliar passengers for safety purposes.
If practicable, consider using available precision approaches when flying in IMC or at night with passengers.
accurately log hours flown and maneuvers practiced to satisfy training and currency requirements.
Explanation: Pilot training and proficiency go to the heart of aviation safety. Recurrent training is a major factor in promoting flight safety. Such training includes two complementary components -- air and ground training. Each of these components contributes uniquely to flight safety and cannot substitute for the other or satisfy its requirements. Training sufficient to promote flight safety may well exceed what is required by law.
Commit to pursuing a rigorous, life-long course of aviation study.
Create and periodically review a personalized program of study or series of training exercises. Adhere to a training regime that will yield new ratings, certifications and endorsements-or at the very least greater flight proficiency.
Train for flight and survival in unique environments (including, e.g., water, remote/desert, and mountainous terrain) and carry adequate survival equipment.
Know your aircraft's performance limitations, how to plan flights, how to determine fuel requirements, and the appropriate procedures in the event you lose communications.
Commit to achieving and maintaining proficiency in flight safety as well as the efficient and functional operation of technology-intensive aviation equipment.
Know current aviation regulations and understand their implications as well as their underlying rationale.
Understand and comply with the limitations of your certificate's privileges and ratings.
Attend aviation training programs offered by industry or the FAA on an as-needed basis.
Complete [each phase of] the FAA Pilot Proficiency Award Program ("Wings") to satisfy the Flight Review requirements.
Keep up to date with diverse and relevant aviation publications.
Study and develop a practical knowledge of aviation weather.
Each month, review reports of recent or nearby accidents or incidents, focusing on operational aspects that may have contributed to the accidents or incidents.
Demonstrate conformance to applicable FAA practical test standards (PTS) periodically, and complete additional training as necessary to continue to satisfy such standards.
Complete at least one training flight in an unfamiliar-model aircraft, and discern differences among similar aircraft (i.e., same make and model but varying tail numbers) before attempting a cross-country flight or carrying passengers in an unfamiliar craft.
Refrain from undertaking training maneuvers near highly populated areas.
Seek to fly at least once every two weeks and at least one night a month, to include at least three take-offs and landings.
Develop a practical knowledge of the mechanical operation (including "systems knowledge") of all aircraft you fly.
Join a "type club" (e.g., the American Bonanza Society, Cessna Pilots Association, Cirrus Owners and Pilots Association, the Malibu Mirage Owners and Pilots Association or other aircraft-specific club).
Voluntarily undergo the equivalent of a Flight Review annually rather than every two years and, if instrument rated, an instrument proficiency check (IPC) every six months.
Seek to maintain currency (including for day, night, and IFR operations) that exceeds minimum regulatory requirements.
avoid special-use airspace except when approved or necessary in an emergency.
Explanation: This Section addresses preventing criminal acts and promoting national security. The tragic events of 9/11 have had a profound impact on aviation and have created demands for responsive action. Enhanced security awareness by aviators is a stark new reality for the GA community. Accordingly, this section responds proactively to various new threats and vulnerabilities.
Check thoroughly for temporary flight restrictions (TFRs) before every flight and in-flight during long flights.
Use a transponder (with altitude encoding) except when not authorized.
Use additional or enhanced locks or other anti-theft devices to secure all aircraft.
When carrying passengers who are not well known to the pilot, examine passenger carry-on bags for dangerous materials.
Confirm that ramp access gates are closed securely behind you to prevent "tailgating" by unauthorized persons.
Become familiar with Airport Watch (+1-866-GA-SECURE) and other means to report and deter suspicious activities.
Report flight safety hazards or anomalies (such as inoperative VORs and poor radio coverage) and security concerns to the appropriate authorities.
When flying VFR consider using ATC "flight following" (in Europe, "Flight Information Service") when available.
Consider flying IFR (if rated) whenever practicable.
Avoid deviating from an active flight plan (both IFR and VFR) or from a clearance without notifying ATC.
mitigate aircraft noise in populated or other noise-sensitive areas and comply with applicable noise-abatement procedures.
Explanation: Mitigation of pollution caused by aviation activities is important both to the general public, to minimize harm to the environment, and to the GA community, to avoid unfavorable public perceptions. Indeed, environmental issues such as noise pollution can close airports and otherwise jeopardize GA. Other environmental impacts of GA have garnered less attention but nevertheless deserve emphasis.
Use a Gasoline Analysis Test Separator (GATS) jar for all fuel sampling and return fuel samples to the fuel tanks, or dispose of them properly.
Learn and adopt environmentally responsible methods for all aspects of aircraft care, especially degreasing aircraft and handling run-off.
Learn relevant applicable local noise abatement procedures and adhere to them whenever it is safe to do so.
Be aware of the noise signature of your aircraft, and follow procedures to reduce noise, such as reducing engine power and propeller RPM, as soon as practicable after takeoff.
Conform to recommended practices (such as those of the National Park Service) when flying near wilderness and environmentally sensitive areas. Consider the impact of aircraft on wildlife and people on the surface.
Patronize service providers (such as FBOs, repair services and aircraft cleaners) that adhere to environmentally friendly practices.
carry redundant transceivers and navigational equipment and use them in appropriate circumstances.
Explanation: Innovative, compact, inexpensive technologies have greatly expanded the capabilities of GA aircraft. This Section encourages the use of such safety-enhancing technologies.
Use radios and transponders consistently, except when not authorized.
When practicable, invest in new technologies that advance flight safety, and train to use them properly. Learn and understand the features and limitations of such technologies.
Keep a back-up (portable or permanently installed) radio/navigation aid accessible (including extra batteries or a back-up power supply) during all flight operations.
Maintain all avionics and flight instruments to keep them operational, current and approved for the intended flight.
Use VFR "flight following" whenever practicable.
Whenever practicable, avoid flying in or near level 2 (or higher) weather radar returns, especially when convection is present or expected.
Recognize situations in which the need to preprogram or set up automated flight technologies may undermine their utility (e.g., last-minute programming of an approach).
Maintain competency and proficiency in "conventional" flight planning and operations to enhance flight safety in the event of the failure or unavailability of advanced technologies or services.
In IMC and at night, operate with an operational autopilot or a qualified second pilot if possible.
In IMC, operate with attitude-indicator (AI) system redundancy if practicable.
promote ethical behavior within the GA community.
Explanation: General aviation has a well-recognized (and undeserved) public relations problem that is, in many respects, worsening. Vigilance and responsive action by the GA community are essential to ensure GA vitality and to enhance the GA experience for both pilots and others.
Strive to conform fully to the Code of Conduct.
Serve as a GA ambassador to the public by providing accurate information and refuting misinformation concerning GA activities, and by encouraging potential student pilots.
Volunteer in support of general aviation.
Make charitable use of your aviation resources (e.g., by transporting persons seeking medical care or donating flight time to youth and environmental programs).
Show appreciation of controllers and service personnel for their assistance and good service.
Invite constructive criticism from your fellow aviators (and provide the same when asked).
Adhere to the highest ethical standards in all of your aviation dealings, including business practices.
Seek to resolve disputes informally and congenially.
The AVIATORS' MODEL CODE OF CONDUCT - Pilot Version is available at <http://www.secureav.com/>.
Additional resources to aid pilots in advancing pilot skills and promoting flight safety are available at <http://www.[sponsoring organization.org]/>.
A Sample Passenger Briefing (Briefing) is available to help aviators compose and deliver consistent, comprehensive passenger briefings. Use of the Briefing can improve passenger safety and comfort, provide evidence that pilots have fulfilled (indeed, surpassed) minimum disclosure requirements, and help manage pilot liability. Available at <http://www.secureav.com/>.
An Annotated Commentary [TBD] helps aviators interpret the Aviators' Model Code of Conduct and provides source materials and supplemental aides. Available at <http://www.secureav.com/>.
The AVIATORS' MODEL CODE OF CONDUCT is a living document, intended to be updated periodically to reflect changes in aviation practices and the aviation environment. Please send your suggestions, edits, errata, questions and comments to <[email protected]>.
The AVIATORS' MODEL CODE OF CONDUCT has had the benefit of extensive editorial comment and suggestions by a diverse body of the GA community, and beyond. See "ACKNOWLEDGMENTS" at <http://www.secureav.com/>. | 2019-04-23T08:52:47Z | http://www3.sympatico.ca/fhofmann/model_code_of_conduct.html | Porn | Health | 0.102064 |
wordpress | Mold growth at a house can pose adverse health consequences, which range from allergies and moderate annoyance to long-term respiratory difficulties from inhaling mold spores. Mold growth could eliminate at the property’s structure and lead to weakness in the substances it’s growing on.
If you do notice you’ve got mold damage, it is possible to call us to get full mold damage repair and restoration. Our technicians are trained in managing mold elimination and will have the ability to wash the region thoroughly. We advocate finishing of any air flow while we operate to prevent mold spores from travel across the house. After the mold was eliminated, we’ll thoroughly disinfect the region to prevent additional mold growth.
To stop mold damage later on we recommend reducing the moisture content in your property. Most air conditioning components are effective at removing moisture in the atmosphere and maintaining the moisture content low enough to discourage mold growth. But, it’s essential to make confident the air flow reaches all area of the house.
In case you have mold damage, you may feel assured that our staff can eliminate it and restore your own house to its initial condition. Call us now to find out more about our mold damage repair services.
Basements can flooding just about any time of the year, and you may be surprised it can even occur during the winter. The truth is that winter may present the most danger and only a number of them are preventable. It’s never a bad idea to have a water damage restoration company as part of your house care list of suppliers, so you can respond immediately if you encounter a problem.
The main reasons for water damage basement flood are ice floes, frozen concrete, blocked drains, and faulty plumbing. If you live near a river, such as the Catawba River west of Charlotte, North Carolina’s city limits, you might discover that an ice floe has blocked water flow and caused flood in your neighborhood. This is not a frequent occurrence, but can happen. The other causes are more typical.
The most common is a pipe fracture due to faulty plumbing or not having proper precautions in place to prevent pipes freezing. When water freezes, it expands and can cause a burst pipe. This is more prevalent when pipes are weakened but may happen even with newer plumbing. Freezing water can also lead to a problem in your home’s concrete foundation. Additionally, concrete expands and contracts through seasonal temperature fluctuations, which can lead to cracks that allow water flow in, sometimes rapidly.
During warmer months, you should have some time to check your property for good drainage and some other cracks you may notice in your home’s foundation. Check your cellar and plumbing throughout the year to reduce the chances of water damage from the causes you’re able to control.
Everyone should know how to maximize a water damage claim. Whenever your pipes springs a leak or the ceiling begins dripping, you may thank your lucky stars that you have homeowners insurance. You’ll be covered for each of the damage whenever you make a water damage claim–appropriate?
Most homeowners don’t have this coverage, but insurance companies are encouraged to keep your claim amount low. Additionally, there are some mistakes you can make to assist them. Do not worry. Follow this advice for homeowners insurance claims to get the policy you’re owed.
Once you realize that you have water damage you should take steps to limit it. Otherwise, your insurance company may be able to deny some or all of your claim, on the grounds that you did not intervene.
The actions you can take depend on the kind of water damage you’ve got. If you are experiencing a windstorm that’s broken your windows and let in water, then board up your windows. If you have a plumbing leak, switch off the water into the home. In case you have a roof leak, then it’s possible to put a tarp up to temporarily block the rain.
It’s also advisable to call the applicable professional whenever possible, whether that’s plumbers, roofers, or restoration specialists. They might know of other actions you may take to limit the damage, and they are able to start working on repairs. However, you may not want to sign off on major repairs until your claim has gone through, as you might not be approved for the complete repair sum by your insurance company. If you choose to wait, do get an estimate you can demonstrate the insurance adjuster.
Also, it is crucial that you don’t throw away any damaged items yet. Collect water-damaged items and debris from plastic bins or bags so that you have physical evidence for the adjuster.
Your insurance company will require evidence to evaluate your claim. Luckily, smartphones have made this part simple. Take photographs of all the damage, and be comprehensive. Also include anything that could have caused the damage, such as a broken pipe or a hole in the roof.
Think about taking a video to supplement the photos. It’s difficult to be comprehensive using a video as with photographs, but videos are more convincing and offer a new perspective on the damage that photos can’t quite catch. If your claim ever has to be taken to court, videos are extremely illustrative. While you’re recording clarify what you’re visiting.
Written evidence is also important. Make an inventory of what’s been damaged and include each item’s value along with the estimated cost to replace it. If you are not sure, your restoration experts should have amounts for common items such as shingles. They can also help you research the worth of a piece of furniture or other products.
Have the other professionals you are working with create quotes and reports that describe what occurred and what it will cost to correct the damage. Experienced roofers and technicians must be familiar with this process. In case you choose to pay for any fast repairs up-front, make sure you keep your receipts.
Now it’s time to contact your insurance company. Do not delay doing this, or you jeopardize your claim. Even if you think you can make the repairs , calling now will save you a headache later. If you’re unsure water damage is covered by your policy, you should still attempt to make a claim. The company will let you know if you’re not insured, and there’s no penalty for asking.
Before you make the call, pull out your policy number, since it’s the very first thing they will ask for. The insurance company will likely tell you that you’re expected to complete a”proof of loss form.” If that’s the case, make sure you ask them to send you a copy by email (email takes too much time ). Or, inquire in which the form can be found on their site so that you may print it off.
If you discover this process unnerving, or do not have time for this, your restoration specialists can make the claim for you. They have a lot of experience with making powerful claims of all sizes.
4. Is It Flood Damage or Water Damage?
To an insurance company, there’s a big difference between flood damage and water damage. Floods are brought on by nature and generally effect greater than one home (there are exceptions to large metropolitan properties). Everything else, from broken pipes into leaking HVAC equipment, is water damage.
When most homeowners insurance policies cover water damage, not all of cover flood damage. So be sure to be clear with your insurance company about which kind of damage your home has experienced so that they can guide you into the right forms and provide you with the right coverage.
The water damage insurance claim procedure can be gradual. Your insurance company has 15 days to send an adjuster, who will assess the water damage. It’s generally more difficult to hire a public adjuster if it is possible, especially if your claim is large. These professionals are not tied to the insurance company, therefore they are wanting to find the truth, not seeking to minimize the insurance company’s payout.
As soon as they’ve evaluated the water damage, your insurance company has yet another 15 days to make a decision about your claim. If they approve some or all of the claim, they have another 5 days to ship you the money.
During this time, the insurance company might encourage you to utilize their sellers. They have their own trusted technicians, roofers and restoration experts. Nonetheless, these professionals receive their work through the insurance company, so they are very likely to support the company’s best interests instead of yours. You want someone who is on your side, so choose professionals that you aspire to make the repairs.
Are you worried about maximizing your water damage case? TSC Restoration will take care of your claim for you, from start to finish. We are going to make sure that your best interests are served so you receive the policy to which you are eligible.
Water damage from a roof leak may first appear as discolored spots on your ceiling, rings of mold growth from the moisture. If not handled immediately, a leaky roof can turn into a major issue, even as serious as a roof cave-in. We’ll lead you through what you want to do to fix the roof leak and the water damage it caused, as well as how to stop both from reoccurring in the future.
What Should You Do if You’ve Roof Water Damage?
To begin with, you need to look after any security hazards. This could mean placing down a bucket to collect dripping water, or placing out a towel to absorb a puddle. Though occasionally there is not any visible water causing the damage, and you can skip this step.
Measure Two: Is it a Roof Leak?
Investigate the leak to be certain it’s from the roof, or else you’ll be wasting your time calling the roofer. If the source isn’t obvious, it is possible to head into the attic to search for it. At times you’ll find a burst pipe up there instead of a hole in your roof, after which you’ll have to call a plumber.
Call a roofing professional to determine the severity of the leak and to fix it. They ought to do an initial investigation and tell you what caused the leak and how to prevent it. You need to make certain your roofing professional is addressing the root cause of the leak. For more on that, read about the causes of roof water damage below.
Now the leak is under control, you are left with all the water damage to deal with. This is sometimes a bigger mess than you expect, with water stains, soaking walls and flooring, and the opportunity to develop mold if it isn’t handled within the first 48 hours. Exposure to mold as well as another pathogens leaks can spread, can be toxic, so it is best to call a professional like Restoration Brothers Austin in their Allandale office by visiting https://waterdamagerestorationaustin.com/allandale-texas/ or calling 24 hours a day by dialing 737-471-0692.
A restoration professional could control mold and repair the water damage. They can dry up water and sanitize materials that may be salvaged. Hopefully, they will do this until a odor develops out of the water, however if not, they’re also able to remove the odor.
They may also remove and replace any damaged stuff, from the construction of your home, to furniture, hardwood floors. A fantastic restoration professional may also collect evidence for your insurance company and file your claim for you so you will get the most coverage your policy permits.
A leak in your roof caused the water damage, naturally. But there are lots of distinct sorts of roof leaks. Sometimes inexperienced roofers will close a hole in your roof improperly, simply directing the water into some other place, allowing it to cause more damage. You want to be sure your roofing professional addresses the core cause of your leak, instead of providing you with a band-aid repair that will only last until the next major rain. Here are the most frequent causes of roof leaks and how they may be addressed correctly.
A valley is the interior angle where two roof faces meet. It’s an especially vulnerable area of the roof since rainwater is channeled into it. California style-valleys are especially prone to difficulties. These have the shingles flipped in their side when they should be installed directly and then cut to fit the valley. If you’ve got a roofing professional install a closed-cut or spacious valley design, you can prevent future valley problems.
Flashing is a thin metal sheet, typically galvanized steel, installed in crucial points of the roof, such as where the roof confront meets a vertical wall that makes up the next story of the house. Even though it’s counter-intuitive, flashing may be too stable. Steel shrinks and expands into changing temperatures, and when it’s nailed to both the roof and the walls, it is going to become deformed, leaving a difference for water to enter. Warped flashing has to be replaced.
A roof characteristic is whatever disrupts the decking of this roofing. Including skylights, chimneys, vents, and anything that allows air or light to travel from one side of the roof into another. These are vulnerable regions of the roof since they lead directly into the house, and will let water in this way also. These features all require flashing to keep water out correctly.
By way of instance, chimneys are often the source of a leak in case their flashing isn’t correctly integrated into their masonry. Skylights are another common culprit. A curb mounted skylight may be the alternative if your flat skylight is often leaking.
Roof leaks from damaged shingles are most likely to happen just after installation, or after they’ve been on the roof for several years.
Immediate issues are likely due to either manufacturer defects or improper setup. A respectable roofing professional will be delighted to fix any roof leaks that occur within a year of the installation and allow you to determine if the problem should be dealt with by the manufacturer’s limited warranty.
If your shingles have been on the roof for many years, and look curly, ripped, thin, or are starting to drop off, it may be time for a complete roof replacement. Otherwise, it may develop modest leaks in a variety of areas of the roof to the next few months or years. It is going to help save you money to just replace it all instantly.
After managing the mess caused by roof water damage, you certainly won’t want to go through it again. The fantastic news is, preventing roof leaks is quite straightforward. Normal roof maintenance from a qualified roofing professional can prevent leaks before they ever happen. They can observe the tell-tale indications of wear until you do. Further, most roof professionals will be delighted to inspect your roof yearly for a small price, because they will want to be your first call when you do find an issue.
Broadly speaking, your home insurance policy should cover most types of roof leaks, but not all them. Roof leaks brought on by poor maintenance aren’t likely covered, which means you might have to look into other selections for funding for your roof replacement if the damage is extensive.
Check your home insurance policy to know precisely what sorts of roof leaks have been covered. The ones which are insured under the open peril list are damages arising from fires, smoke, and wildfires. Roof leaks caused by explosions, lighting, hail, and windstorms are covered as well.
To know the exact extent of your coverage, you are going to have to read it or examine it with a professional. You also need to take special notice of the causes which are specifically not covered by the insurance, such as damage brought on by earthquakes, mudslides, landslides, and floods. They also typically don’t cover damage brought on by mold, fungus, or insect infestation.
Roof leaks caused by smog, rust, corrosion, negligence, and general wear and tear aren’t covered either. If the damage is due to the warping of their home’s foundation, that’s excluded also.
Understand how your house insurance coverage works. Often times, you can find deductibles and policy limits that have to be thought about. Deductibles pertain to the amount that you shoulder should you make an application for a claim. The policy limitation, on the other hand, pertains to the utmost amount that your insurance provider is willing to pay.
It is possible to adjust the deductible and policy limit according to your needs but that would indicate that you might need to adjust your monthly premiums as well. It’s best that you consult with your insurance broker to understand how you’re able to adjust the values accordingly.
Roof leaks should be contained in your house insurance premium. Doing this helps you cover the repairs on account of the covered perils listed previously. That will save you a lot of money in the long term. There are various home insurance companies offering coverage for roofing leaks and you simply must opt for the one which can provide you with the best coverage for the ideal price. Regular roof maintenance may also help prevent some of the worst leaks in your house when you don’t need to take care of the hassle.
The expense of roof repair may range significantly from $100 to $3,000. Having the insurance company cover a few, or the whole amount can be a huge help.
In Ybor Heights Water Damage Repair & Restoration, we provide a huge array of professional services to assist both the residential water damage and business water damage client in cleaning up property which has sustained flood damage.
Unfortunately, flooding and water damage restoration Tampa fl isn’t an uncommon occurrence. Any source of uncontrolled water has the potential to cause severe damage. The little trickle of this kitchen or bathroom faucet that never overflowed the basin could one day produce a pool in the same room or even entire house if certain conditions are present. Flood water was traditionally put into two categories, black and gray water. Black water is from external water, like flows and raw sewage. Gray water will come from inside your unit and includes that from the toilet, dishwater, and sinks.
In Woodland Terrace Flood Damage Repair & Restoration, we offer a huge variety of professional services to assist both the residential water damage and business flood damage customer in cleaning up property that has sustained water damage.
Unfortunately, flood and water damage restoration Tampa isn’t an uncommon occurrence. Any source of uncontrolled water can potentially cause severe damage. The little trickle of this bathroom or kitchen faucet that never overflowed the basin could one day result in a pool in the same room or even whole house if certain conditions are present. Flood water was traditionally placed into two categories, gray and black water. Black water is from external water, such as flows and raw sewage. Gray water will come from within your unit and includes that by the toilet, dishwater, and sinks.
Although visible water in a house is the most obvious sign of flood damage, there are quite a few other indicators of flood water damage restoration Tampa, Florida. Cracked foundations, rusted pipes, electrical shorts, mosquitoes and peeling wood surfaces are potential signs of water damage. Algae or mold formation, a significant increase in humidity, dampness or stains in walls or ceilings are more definite indications your property is suffering effects of water damage.
We are Southridge leading restoration company, we proudly serve residential and commercial customers throughout Florida and even offer emergency restoration services. Call today for professional cleanup services you can trust.
With our water damage removal & restoration service in Southridge, Florida, we provide the exact type of services to help you during your moment of crisis and get your life back the way it was pre-flood event.. | 2019-04-21T06:54:04Z | https://floodrestorationcleanupexperts.wordpress.com/ | Porn | Health | 0.108851 |
wordpress | You are currently browsing the category archive for the ‘Dave Fullen’ category.
Shared by esteban. Thanks ! | 2019-04-19T02:49:09Z | https://had70.wordpress.com/category/dave-fullen/ | Porn | Reference | 0.232076 |
tripod | On February 09, 2002 at the Pacific Agriculture Show, B.C. Ministry of Agriculture staff presented revised guidelines to the Farm Practices Act, as pertains to the use of audible bird scare devices.
The Minister of Agriculture, the Hon. John Van Dongen opened the presentation and discussed how changes are becoming necessary in the blueberry industry. There has been a large increase in acreage producing blueberries, and urban development is continuing to expand into what was once farm land. The number of complaints about propane cannons increased significantly in 2001, prompting the need for farm practices revisions.
The tone of the Minister's statements made our group feel that something at last was going to be done about the noise pollution issue.
The Minister then introduced Bert Van Dalfsen, a ministry staff member, who provided the details of the proposed changes, and the wind was quickly let out of our group's sails. The changes proposed proved to be rather insignificant.
The following are the recommendations presented by the Ministry of Agriculture staff. These guidelines are to be incorporated into the current Farm Practices Act and become effective in the 2002 growing season.
The Ministry also made a number of recommendations which require local government involvement, and these are summarized below.
Audible bird scare devices can be annoying to nearby residents. The Farm Practices Board (May 1999) and the Ministry (February 2002) have reviewed this issue. As a result of these reviews, the Ministry has revised the guidelines for the use of audible bird scare devices. Audible bird scare devices are divided into two main categories.
Category 'A' bird scare devices create an impulse sound. Impulse sound is from impacts or explosions. Propane fueled exploders or cannons are an example of Category 'A' devices. Firearms and shell launchers such as orchard pistols are not included.
Category 'B' bird scare devices are any other stationary device, not in Category 'A', which generate sounds to scare or disturb birds. Examples are devices that broadcast bird calls or other sounds through loudspeakers. Firearms and shell launchers such as orchard pistols are not included.
may use devices for the protection of crops.
should maintain a 300 meter separation distance between a device and an urban-residential/ALR edge.
should maintain a 200 meter separation distance between a device and an urban-residential/ALR edge.
It is recommended that the new Guidelines (Wildlife Damage Control) be adopted as standards for farm bylaws.
It is recommended that separation distances be used to regulate noise from audible bird scare devices rather than sound level limits.
It is recommended that the ministry encourage local governments to use development permit areas and other means to establish buffers on the urban side of the ALR edge. Guidelines for landscaped and siting buffers should be developed by the ministry to aid local governments in implementing these buffers.
It is recommended that the ministry, local governments and industry form committees for the purpose of improving communication and the farmers' compliance with the Wildlife Damage Control Guidelines.
It is recommended that one-time funding options be available to farmers for netting crop land for protection from bird predation. Funds may be prioritized to go to existing farms within 300 m of an urban-residential/ALR edge.
Let’s make propane cannons a blast from the past! | 2019-04-21T05:09:10Z | http://bancannons.tripod.com/regulations.html | Porn | Reference | 0.141391 |
wordpress | God did not respond to Jesus when in the garden he pleaded that his Father remove from his mind the deeply set image of the suffering of man. It was not that God would not intervene, but that God does not. To do so is to limit the absolute, unmitigated freedom of his creations, of his children – of Jesus’ freedom as an unrestricted being within eternity.
The world did not end on 12/21/12. Nor on 12/22/12.
A mixed blessing, perhaps. Now I must do all that I had projected to do, attempting to follow His guidance along the way, being willing to dodge and shift with His direction, serving in a world not my own.
To be anything but peaceful, though, is to welcome suffering. It is one thing to endure suffering for the sake of realizing its reciprocate. It is another thing to suffer blindly. It is another thing, still, to suffer and act as though it is a satisfying experience. The doofus smile of peace while being wrenched and wrung simply impresses me as being little more than dumb.
This, yet, I know it must be true. It is the middle way. To shriek and moan during the deluge is to invite darkness. To find exhilaration in the same is to rejoice in disaster. The middle way finds a detached peace; deluge, darkness or disaster – making, perhaps, or as the Course saw states, making these verbose events as false in the mind as they are in the world.
This must be the upcoming year for me. There is much that has befallen me. This includes many blessings as well. Mostly blessings, as I dwell upon of it. And as the world I imagine shifts under a long-warranted sea change, I must stay with my peace. For it is my purpose to give this peace away at every instant, at every turn. If I am to have it, I must share. And I cannot share what I do not have.
Yet, I do have it. Peace is my base. It is my foundation. It is the well from which I’m sprung. It is the fountainhead whose waters spill over to flood and cleanse darkness from the heart of the world.
Though I toil in a garden and wrestle in a shop, though I tussle with an often errant child, both myself and my son, and the whole of this jagged world threatens to cut and bruise, when the upheavals break from out of the barren, heaving ground, I will see in them the wonder, the sustenance . . . peace. And I will hand it over gladly knowing the more I give, the more will appear, despite its form or flavor.
Twas the most pure sunset last Sunday evening at the park-n-bark. Not a particle of haze in the sky to sully the golden blaze of sun that slowly dipped into the tree line about a half mile from my vantage point at the top of a set of long rolling, deeply green hills.
More than once, as I gazed at the beauty, I found myself catching my breath, gasping for some measure of understanding as to how this sight could be so stunning, so mesmerizing, so wondrous!
Holy Spirit bursts forth from just such scenery. I think He lies in wait for someone like myself, in the right place, at precisely the perfect and most holy instant, to pop out and surprise, arresting one’s processes and forcing him to stand silent and take stock. It is a deliberate connecting. Deliberate and lasting. It will stay with me. As will He.
Amidst conversation during a recent award luncheon in Nashville, Calvin, my boss’s boss, questioned me as to where I hailed from. I told him that I was from Memphis then asked him why his curiosity. Kim, my boss, joined him in the pronouncement of his suspicions that I was from elsewhere because I was too laid back for Memphis. I stated that I was once considered by a friend to be a “California” type personality. They agreed.
Yet, considering it further, I have arrived at a much better answer. Thanks to my practicing the Course, in whatever small capacity I do, I tend to live more in my faith than in some plan, and forgive more readily than condemn.
Don’t be mistaken. I’ve still plenty of issues. But, I must also take stock of my comrade’s noticing as, perhaps, Holy Spirit offering a gentle pat on the back. I can teach peace while learning peace.
Thank you, Holy Spirit, for the encouragement. And thank you, too, Kim and Calvin for being open enough to be urged to speak His Word.
Conflict is born of the misbegotten belief that something has gone wrong.
Bleeding to death, broken and hanging from a splinter-laden wooden cross, Jesus delivered his final sermon. Terse and to the point, but all-encompassing in its splendorous revelation, it tells the whole story of humanity while also supplying the antidote to all human suffering.
Lost amid self-loathing and bitter resentment, striking out so as to purge the constant pain of living, of surviving; coveting power in an futile attempt to prevent self-suffering and death, most people of that time were oblivious to fact that the horrors they experienced were endemic to the patterns of their thoughts, manifest through a constant fear of loss, and indicative of their insistence on being divorced from themselves and from their unity in Spirit. Oblivious. They did not know.
Still do they not know. Thus each is sacrificed unnecessarily, personally crucified within one’s own being. Peace and love, whose dominance could proliferate, on earth, as it is in heaven, is but a moments acknowledgment away. It lies in forgiveness. To acknowledge one’s rightful place within the heart of the Father, within Spirit, as Spirit; a whole, complete, undivided, graceful, beloved Child of God; acknowledgement – Atonement – is the essence of forgiveness.
Christ, Jesus arisen, as our ever-constant internal guide, by whatever name you give Him, awaits to celebrate in the following final agreement with Spirit.
In a chapter wherein he describes the value and benefits of inner silence, Thomas Merton, in his meditative Thoughts in Solitude, speaks of his underlying goal to become truly quiet so that he might hear, not the continual clatter and chiding of the mind’s ceaseless needling, but rather, the guidance of God. To get to this inner place, he invokes a renewed view of his life.
According to this invocation, Merton is able to dispel the constant inner nagging that plagues the soul and drives the body to weariness, thereafter finding himself standing free within the heart of God, ready to see and live Truth.
For my part, I, too, have discovered that not one thought I offer truly serves. To think one thing, according to my mental addiction of thence generating impression after impression after impression, attempting to solve some convoluted problem that likely does not even exist, is to elicit its opposite. Then there is but inner conflict that goes unresolved, producing nothing beyond inner turmoil.
The only thing worth seeking is peace. Not fulfillment. Not satisfaction. Neither thrill nor dullardness offers peace. The only way to peace is love. Love, as corroborated in Merton’s essay, in fact, in his experience, is found in silence.
My thoughts, however, do not know love. They are mine. Being mine, these thoughts are separated from God’s thoughts. Being mine, they lead only away from God and into fear, the only thing that seems to exist divorced from God. Thus, the move away from God brings only emptiness, only heartache. I may attempt to cover it over with thrill or dullardness. But never does this invoke peace.
So, perhaps it is best I do not think. Rather, I might vow to seek and master silence. Perhaps then my life, too, will become a listening. Listening, that is, to God’s thoughts, which are never heard amidst my own convolved imaginings.
God is peace. God is love. To know God is to know sweet silence. | 2019-04-21T20:31:22Z | https://savvyspirit.wordpress.com/ | Porn | Shopping | 0.371036 |
wordpress | A Sales and Deals category on the left hand side on their sub-pages indicating different online sales for various retailers, including Shoes.com, Gap, and more.
Grooming, Style, and an “Ask Valet” features for men on the lookout for the latest style, grooming, and fashion-based wisdom.
And to top it off, they have “The Handbook,” a reference guide of helpful style tips, tricks and instructions for everything a man needs in today’s society.
I highly recommend checking this site out and see what you think. It will definitely impress!
Below is a small collection of high-end fashion web sites that either target men specifically or contain a plethora of designers for the metro guy like yours truly. Some of these sites may be a little avant garde to some, while to others it may just seem a perfect fit. I can even see some of you guys would rather shop at John Deere than shop at these fine stores. But for all you good men fashionistas, check out the sites and let me know what you think! | 2019-04-23T00:55:51Z | https://yourpersonalshopping.wordpress.com/category/online-sites/ | Porn | Shopping | 0.96117 |
wordpress | Andrew Nugent was called to the bar before another calling led him to become a Benedictine monk at Glenstal Abbey in 1961. Along the way, Nugent has spent nine years in a monastery in Nigeria. Therefore, it should come as no surprise that this Irish crime fiction writer has a novel set in Dublin which focuses on the Nigerian community. In a case of “write what you know”, Nugent blows apart the prejudices many harbour about Nigeria and its culture in this novel; it’s an education as well as a gripping story.
In Second Burial, Nugent explores Nigerian culture, Christianity and the lives of the dispossessed in Dublin. He creates strong believable characters and a plot to keep you guessing. The circumstances of Shad’s death are so heart-breaking you are compelled to read on. Like Jude, like Quilligan and Power, you will want to see justice for Shad.
This novel offers something different in the genre and excellently so.
I really enjoyed this book (which I reviewed for Mystery Scene last year). What’s interesting about it is that, in spite of what sound like very dark themes, it’s very hopeful and almost light-hearted in an unusual way.
If you ever wanted to tempt a cozy lover across the room to the darker side, this book would make excellent bait.
This sounds great – thanks for the tip!
This entry was posted on January 24, 2008 by crimeficreader in Books. | 2019-04-26T08:11:47Z | https://itsacrimeuk.wordpress.com/2008/01/24/second-burial-andrew-nugent/ | Porn | Arts | 0.378061 |
wordpress | First Exhale Of My Life | Thoughts become things.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized and tagged Note to self, Notes by Areesha Khuwaja. Bookmark the permalink. | 2019-04-20T10:24:12Z | https://areeshakhuwajablog.wordpress.com/2014/06/05/first-exhale-of-my-life/ | Porn | Reference | 0.287458 |
wordpress | A landmark paper on earth’s climate link to the sun | Watts Up With That?
The diagram above is central to the paper’s examination of the “spiral” nature of the earth to sun distance relationship, which affects noit only seasons, but longer term climate cycles.
Every once in awhile some thing comes along that really “clicks” with a lot of people in the science community.
A new paper from New Zealand titled: Linkages between solar activity, climate predictability and water resource development is one of those that has “clicked” with a lot of people recently. It is the first scientific paper I’ve ever seen that pulls all the interdisciplinary fields of solar physics, astronomy, meteorology, hydrology, and climatology together to prove that in fact the sun is the major driver, even with its “small” fluctuations often ignored by climate scientists as being too small to matter.
It does matter, I’ve written about it many times, and this paper really has strong evidence supporting it. This is not just another paper talking about sunspots and the maunder minimum, no this one has some strong empirical evidence that directly links climate changes on earth to a myriad of changes in the sun-earth relationship.
observations and reports by others in many countries during the past 150 years.
June 26, 2007 in Uncategorized.
The study finds a strong correlation between water levels and sunspot numbers. But the correlation is a short term correlation – there is little to no correlation in the long term trends.
For example, there is no long term trend in Lake Victoria’s levels from 1900 to 1940 when solar activity showed long term increase. Any short or long term correlation breaks down between 1930 to 1970. Next, to obtain correlation over 1968 to 2005, they filter out a 29mm per year trend. They don’t explain why there’s been a long term trend of falling water levels over the last 37 years while there’s been no long term solar trend.
In fact, all the case studies show short term correlation with solar cycles but no long term correlation with decadal solar trends. There’s so much noise due to tributary inflows, outflows, sluicing, rainfall and evaporation that while short term correlations with the solar cycle are useful, determining or finding meaning in long term trends is problematic. In short, measuring water levels is a roundabout way of determing the sun’s effect on long term global warming.
A more direct method would be to observe the correlation between solar activity and global temperatures. In 2005, Sami Solanki at the Max Planck Insitute compared solar activity & temperatures over the past 1150 years and found temperatures closely correlate to solar activity. When sunspot activity was low during the Maunder Minimum in the 1600’s or the Dalton Minimum in the 1800’s, the earth went through ‘small ice ages’. The sun has been unusually hot in the last century – solar output rose dramatically in the early 20th century accompanied by a sharp rise in global temperatures.
Which is why this will be ignored by the media, and ridiculed by alarmists without any contradictory evidence.
W J R Alexander is a crank – have a read of some of his other work.
That latest comment is the logical error of argumentum ad hominem. You’ll see ad hominem everywhere because the alarmists have no data to cite except flawed data like the Mann ‘hockey stick’ or ice core data which does not show the Medieval Warm Period or the Little Ice Age. The ‘Inconvenient Truth’ is there is no science under the alarming stories. CO2 is plant food; plants are animal food. Monkey with these basics at your peril. Condemn the developing world to endless poverty by bringing the most prosperous period of time in history to an end. It is alarming to watch the politicians dancing Al Gore’s silly shallow tune.
Most people know the truth – Relax, the Planet is fine. | 2019-04-23T04:17:25Z | https://wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/2007/06/26/a-landmark-paper-on-earths-climate-link-to-the-sun/ | Porn | Science | 0.981439 |
livejournal | I'm up to the last episode of season 4 of SGA. Awesome.
jenah and kimbrchick are coming over for a bit of a visit tomorrow. I think we might have The Sarah Connor Chronicles on tap. Unless, of course, the girls want to watch one of my other (unpacked) tidbits.
My wrist hurts. I scraped the hell out of my hand on one of our outdoor plants this afternoon and it stings like something that stings a lot. My room looks naked with all my pictures down. Poor room. | 2019-04-19T10:38:35Z | https://soulswallo.livejournal.com/369112.html | Porn | Home | 0.466308 |
livejournal | 22 days until Spider-Man 3!!
Nooooooo!! I'm all sandy now!!
These pictures do make you sympathize with Marko because he didn't ask for this to happen just like Peter didn't ask to get bitten by that spider. Ufornately, Marko will not use his new found powers for good.
No, he won't use them for good - but it is a little bit of a tricky situation. Not being spoilery - but he does have good intentions behind his destructive actions. And he's not insane, like the villains of the previous movies.
I don't like Sandman much though I can be a little pitying on the guy.
Now I'm off to write.
That's what I'll call him.
Well, it's MOSTLY evil. :D But there are benefits to being made out of sand - the smallest grain-sized hole won't keep you out. There was just an interesting arc in one of the Spider-Man comics where Peter and Flint worked together on something. So it's possible!
How are you coming on the novelization?
I'd do better with the novelization if it was on the Internet.
OMGosh, I completely know what you mean... *facepalm* I DO have a 12 days story that doesn't have word one typed yet!! | 2019-04-21T17:14:53Z | https://htbthomas.livejournal.com/47421.html | Porn | Reference | 0.216135 |
wordpress | In previous posts I demonstrated how to use the FOR JSON clause and how some of the built in JSON scalar functions work. In this final post in this series I’m going to demonstrate how the OPENJSON function works.
There are two ways we can use the OPENJSON function. The first is in discovery mode where the schema of the JSON we are dealing with is unknown. The second is to shred data into usable sets when we know the schema.
Firstly, I’m going to demonstrate how to use it in discovery mode to work out what data is in a supplied piece of JSON.
In this example the JSON is short and formatted so it’s easy to read so we know what’s in it just by looking at it, but when that’s not the case the OPENJSON function can be very useful to see what properties exist within a particular JSON object.
"AddressLine2" : "The Two Rivers"
… we can see details about each key-value pair in the JSON object along with a number indicating the type.
This returns the shredded data from the second JSON object in the array (ordinal positions are zero based).
That covers a few examples of using OPENJSON in discovery mode and now I’m going to show a few examples of how to use it if you know a bit about the schema of the JSON supplied.
We’ve used OPENJSON to discover the schema of our @json_array object so now we can use this and some of the available scalar functions to shred our object into one or more tables.
As you can see we can use JSON_VALUE to pull out the individual values from the JSON objects in the Friends key.
AS JSON option can be specified only for column of nvarchar(max) type in WITH clause.
Conversion failed when converting the nvarchar value 'Egwene Al'Vere' to data type int.
The last thing I want to demonstrate are an additional couple of options we can use in the path parameter of the OPENJSON function. These options are lax and strict.
As we can see the first two queries are exactly the same: this shows the lax option is the default. The third query (the first using the strict option) returns the data correctly because the Hello key exists. The fourth and final query returns an error because the Goodbye key does not exist and the strict option is used. | 2019-04-23T10:07:32Z | https://simonlearningsqlserver.wordpress.com/2018/04/04/json-part-3-openjson/comment-page-1/ | Porn | Kids | 0.14309 |
google | Use this topic to learn how to monitor the boot integrity of Shielded VM instances using Stackdriver, identify the cause of an integrity validation failure, and update the integrity policy baseline.
Use Stackdriver Monitoring to view integrity validation events and set alerts on them, and Stackdriver Logging to review details of those events.
Using the drop-down menu at the top right of the Stackdriver Monitoring console, select the Stackdriver account that contains the GCP project in which your VM instance resides.
In the left-hand navigation, choose Resources and then choose Metrics Explorer.
In the Find resource type and metric field, type instance and select the GCE VM Instance resource type.
Early Boot Validation shows the pass/fail status of the early boot portion of the last boot sequence. Early boot is the boot sequence from the start of the UEFI firmware until it passes control to the bootloader.
Late Boot Validation shows the pass/fail status of the late boot portion of the last boot sequence. Late boot is the boot sequence from the bootloader until completion. This includes the loading of the operating system kernel.
Optionally, apply a filter to limit the metric information displayed, group the metric information displayed, or aggregate the metrics data. For more information, see Additional configuration.
Note: Non-Shielded VM instances and Shielded VM instances that have integrity monitoring disabled appear with a status of unknown in the metrics chart.
Set alerts on the values of the Early Boot Validation and Late Boot Validation metrics if you want to be notified when there is a boot validation failure on your VM instance. For more information about configuring alerting, see Introduction to Alerting.
In the left-hand navigation, choose Alerting and then choose Create a Policy.
On the Try our new UI for creating alerting conditions message, choose Opt in to use the new alerting conditions interface (required).
Click Select for Metric Threshold/Rate Change/Absence.
For Filter, filter by status=failed.
For Group By, group by status.
For Condition triggers if, select Any time series violates.
For Condition, specify is above 0 for 1 minute.
Add one or more notifications.
Optionally, add documentation to help the notification recipient understand how to handle the alert.
Click the instance ID to open the VM instance details page.
Under Logs, click on Stackdriver Logging.
Locate the earlyBootReportEvent or lateBootReportEvent log entry that you want to review.
Expand the log entry > jsonPayload > earlyBootReportEvent or lateBootReportEvent, as appropriate. Within that section, the policyEvaluationPassed element identifies whether the given section of the boot sequence passed verification against the integrity policy baseline.
Expand the actualMeasurements section and the numbered elements within it to see the platform configuration register (PCR) values saved from the latest boot sequence. The PCR values are saved in the pcrNum elements within the numbered elements. The PCR values identify the boot components and component load order used by the latest boot sequence, and are compared to the integrity policy baseline to determine if there has been any change in the VM instance boot sequence. For more information about what the PCRs represent, see Integrity monitoring events.
Expand the policyMeasurements section to see the PCR values saved for the integrity policy baseline.
You can automate responses to boot validation events by exporting the Stackdriver logs and processing them in another service like Cloud Functions. For more information, see Overview of Logs Export and Automating Responses to Integrity Validation Failures.
Locate the most recent earlyBootReportEvent and lateBootReportEvent log entries and see which one has a policyEvaluationPassed value of false.
Expand the log entry > jsonPayload > earlyBootReportEvent or lateBootReportEvent, as appropriate.
Expand the actualMeasurements and policyMeasurements sections and the numbered elements within them to see the platform configuration register (PCR) values saved from the latest boot sequence and the integrity policy baseline, respectively. The PCR values identify the boot components and component load order used by the latest boot sequence and the integrity policy baseline.
Compare the PCR values in the actualMeasurements and policyMeasurements sections to determine where the variation between the latest boot sequence and the integrity policy baseline occurred. Whichever comparison produces dissimilar values is the issue that caused validation failure. Be aware that the element numbers in these sections seldom correspond to the PCR numbers, and similarly numbered elements in actualMeasurements and policyMeasurements might represent different PCRs. For example, in the early boot sequence for both Windows and Linux, the 3 element in actualMeasurements and the 2 element in policyMeasurements both represent PCR7.
Important: The elements representing PCR13 and PCR14 in the Windows boot sequence don't appear in policyMeasurements until after the first reboot following VM instance creation. During that reboot, those PCR values are captured and added to the integrity policy baseline. Until then, boot integrity validation uses only PCR4, PCR7, and PCR11 in policyMeasurements.
Check Integrity monitoring events to determine what the changed PCR represents, and investigate whether that is an expected change.
The initial integrity policy baseline is derived from the implicitly trusted boot image when the instance is created. Updating the baseline updates the integrity policy baseline using the current instance configuration. The VM instance must be running when you update the baseline.
You should update the baseline after any planned boot-specific changes in the instance configuration, like kernel updates or kernel driver installation, as these will cause integrity validation failures. If you have an unexpected integrity validation failure, you should stop the VM instance and investigate the reason for the failure.
You must have the setShieldedInstanceIntegrityPolicy permission to be able to update the integrity policy baseline.
Use the following procedure to update the integrity policy baseline.
Update the VM instance's integrity policy baseline by using the compute instances update command with the --shielded-vm-learn-integrity-policy flag.
Update the VM instance's integrity policy baseline by using the updateAutoLearnPolicy request body item with the setShieldedInstanceIntegrityPolicy method.
The following example resets the integrity policy baseline for a VM instance.
Read more about the security features offered by Shielded VM.
Learn more about modifying options on a Shielded VM instance. | 2019-04-18T19:20:06Z | https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/integrity-monitoring | Porn | Computers | 0.296954 |
google | A system, method and computer program product for linking multidimensional data sources in a relational database using database joins are disclosed. Attributes from a join query are filtered. The attributes include characteristics and restrictions of the join query. A subset of the attributes that are relevant to the multidimensional data source are extracted. A partial join query is generated from the extracted subset of the attributes. The partial join query includes characteristics and restrictions that are relevant to the multidimensional data source. It makes use of aggregated data defined for the multidimensional data source if appropriate.
The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/730,207, filed Oct. 24, 2005, entitled COMBINING MULTI-DIMENSIONAL DATA-SOURCES USING DATABASE JOINS, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The subject matter described herein relates to the combination of multi-dimensional data sources using database operations. Within relational databases, an important tool for linking information is a join. A join links the contents of two or more database tables (referred to hereinafter simply as “tables”). The result of the linking is displayed in the form of another table.
The combining of tables is described using one or more ON conditions within a select statement. An ON condition describes a condition between two tables, whereby one field of each table has to be contained in this condition. Equal join conditions are usually used. They have the format: Field1(Table1)=Field2(Table2). Database systems typically permit any ON conditions. A result set is generated when a join is processed. The following instances are based on the assumption that all fields of all tables are contained in the result set. This is possible without restrictions, so long as the process of obtaining the result set is of most interest.
A table is referred to as Ti, a record of this table is referred to as ti ∈ Ti. A record which contains initial values only is referred to as ε. Linking two tables with a join is referred to with T1 join T2 or T1 left outer join T2. The result set is referred to as TE. A record in the result set tE ∈ TE has the structure tE=(t1, . . . , tn). Each subrecord ti ∈ Ti is a record of table Ti that is contained in the join. The fields of a record in a table Ti are called field(ti). Within system query language (SQL) statements, tables are for example called T1 and their fields are referred to as T1.FIELD.
First the result set is determined on the basis of the ON conditions. The result set is then restricted on the basis of a WHERE condition. The result set fulfills the following conditions: every record contains, for every table affected, an element whose structure corresponds to the structure of the table; all ON conditions within a record are fulfilled; all WHERE conditions within a record are fulfilled; and there are no combinations of data records in the database which fulfill the ON and WHERE conditions but which are not contained in the result set.
The following method describes the first step in calculating the result set for two tables T1 and T2, where only the ON conditions are taken into consideration.
1. Examine each record t1 ∈ T1 in accordance with the second step.
2. Compare each record t2 ∈ T2 with record t1. If the ON conditions are fulfilled then insert a record tE=(t1, t2) into the result set.
This method only determines the way in which the result set is generated. Most database systems use other, more effective methods. If more than two tables are involved, method 1 can be used, but must be applied in several steps. The sequence of the tables is arbitrary. With regard to method 1, each record t1 ∈ T1 or t2 ∈ T2 can appear as a subrecord in several records of the result set, and a record t1 ∈ T1 or t2 ∈ T2 may not appear as a subrecord in the result set at all.
In many evaluations, the second case is not desirable. Users often want a record from one of the tables in the result set, even if no suitable record exists in the corresponding table. Therefore, in the SQL standard, so-called outer joins are defined. In this document, only left outer joins are discussed. With a left outer join, method 1 has to be enhanced slightly as follows.
2. Compare each record t2 ∈ T2 with record t1. If the ON conditions are fulfilled, insert a record tE=(t1, t2) into the result set. If at least one data record is inserted into the result set in this way, return to step 1. Otherwise go to step 3.
3. Insert a record tE=(t1, ε) into the result set where the values of subrecord t2 are initial.
This method can also be used if more than two tables are involved. It then has to be applied in several steps. In this case the sequence of the tables is no longer arbitrary.
The join methods described above are best suited for flat structures, such as database tables. In the context of a data warehouse, however, multidimensional data structures (InfoCubes) are usually used for evaluations, where key figures are characterized by a multiplicity of characteristics that are arranged in different dimensions. Additionally, data structures of this type often need to be combined with other multidimensional or one-dimensional data structures using a type of join. Therefore, joins for multidimensional data sources must have effective access paths.
An Infoprovider represents a view of data that can be used to define queries. At runtime, the query instructs the InfoProvider to supply data. The query defines the data that is needed and the selection criteria that are used.
InfoSets are a type of infoProvider. InfoSets allow several data sources to be linked using a join. The linking of the data sources is defined during definition of the Infoset. Later queries executing the joins are run.
Because the definition of joins (as described above) always refers to tables, only data sources can be linked that possess a flat (tabular) structure; only data sources can be linked that are represented in the database.
This document describes a system, method and computer program product for linking data sources in a relational database using database joins and other database operations suitable for tables. In one aspect, a computer-implemented method includes filtering attributes from a join query. The attributes include characteristics and restrictions of the join query. The method further includes the steps of extracting a subset of the attributes that are relevant to the multidimensional data source, and generating a partial join query from the extracted subset of the attributes. The partial join query includes characteristics and restrictions that are relevant to the multidimensional data source. It makes use of aggregated data defined for the multidimensional data source if appropriate.
In another aspect, a computer-implemented method of linking two or more multidimensional data sources using database joins includes the step of filtering attributes from a join query, and extracting a subset of the attributes that are relevant to the two or more multidimensional data sources. The method further includes the step of generating a partial join query from the extracted subset of the attributes.
In yet another aspect, a computer program product, tangible embodied on a computer-readable medium, operable to cause a data processing apparatus to link multidimensional and flat data sources in a relational database using database joins, is configured to filter attributes from a join query, the attributes including characteristics and restrictions of the join query, and extract a subset of the attributes that are relevant to the multidimensional data source. The computer program product is further configured to generate a partial join query from the extracted subset of the attributes, the partial join query including characteristics and restrictions that are relevant to the multidimensional data source.
The methods described to combine multidimensional data sources can use any kind of operation suitable for combining tables, also including right outer joins, full outer joins, unions and intersections.
FIG. 1 is an InfoCube schema of tables according to exemplary embodiments.
FIG. 2 illustrates sample aggregates in accordance with various exemplary embodiments.
FIG. 3 shows a schema of sample aggregates in accordance with various exemplary embodiments.
Within a relational database, multidimensional data structures have to be stored using a relational data model, referred to herein as an “InfoCube.” FIG. 1 shows an InfoCube schema of tables. InfoCubes are also a type of InfoProviders. InfoCubes include a number of tables that are arranged in a star schema. This star schema is usually an enhanced star schema, also called a snowflake schema. Within a data warehouse such as SAP's Business Warehouse (BW), an InfoCube includes a fact table containing the key figures, and characteristics assigned to the key figures. The characteristics are not directly contained in the fact table, but are combined in dimension tables. A dimension is a simple grouping of characteristics that do not necessarily have hierarchical dependencies. A dimension can contain characteristics that have linear dependencies, although this is not mandatory.
The dimension table has been adopted in order to overcome database restrictions to the number of columns in combined indexes and to keep the number of indexes in the fact table relatively small. This reduces the effort needed to build up the indexes during the data load. For example, the BW system allows a maximum of sixteen dimensions.
Referential integrity exists within the InfoCube from the inner table moving outwards. This means that for each dataset in the fact table, exactly one row exists in each dimension table, and for each dimension table row there is exactly one row in each corresponding characteristic table. This means that you have to create a ‘not assigned’ # record where no characteristic value exists.
The result of a query based on a relational store for multidimensional structures is returned in a table structure, like all SQL query results. To achieve this the fact table is joined with all required dimension tables. Because of the referential integrity within the tables of the InfoCube, only those dimension tables whose characteristics are either part of a filter condition or are requested within the result set have to be joined with the fact table. You do not have to include dimensions whose characteristics are not contained in the query.
For performance reasons aggregated stores (so-called aggregates) are used, which store InfoCube data redundantly. Contrary to the preformatted views or joins that are used by many database engines, these aggregates are also InfoCubes in terms of their structure; they are still multidimensional stores. The number of aggregates that can be defined for an InfoCube is unrestricted.
Aggregates reduce the amount of data in the underlying InfoCube in two ways. First, data is compressed, because the characteristics for the InfoCube are omitted from aggregate definition. This means the detail information is reduced. Second, data is filtered by specifying filter values in the aggregate definition for single characteristics of the InfoCube. This means only parts of the InfoCube are stored in the aggregate.
A determination is made whether an aggregate be used to respond to a query. As part of this determination, it is determined whether the aggregate contains all the characteristics requested by the query. Also, it is determined whether all filter conditions of the query can be met using either the filter conditions the aggregate is based on, or using the characteristics contained in the aggregate.
In accordance with some embodiments, a method is executed as follows. The characteristics and restrictions from the InfoSet query are examined. Those characteristics and restrictions that are relevant for the InfoCube are extracted and a partial query is built from the relevant characteristics and restrictions. The method for selecting an aggregate for a query is also used to find an aggregate suitable for answering the partial query for the InfoCube. Due to referential integrity (as with a normal InfoCube query), only those tables of the InfoCube are included that are necessary for the partial query.
A database view is created. The database view contains the SQL select statement for the partial query. The InfoSet SQL select statement uses this view as a normal table. Alternatively, the SQL select statement for the partial query is inserted into the SQL select statement for the InfoSet as a nested table expression.
Using this method, a multidimensional structure can be handled like a one-dimensional store, without losing the advantages of the multidimensional structure. The advantages being able to use aggregates. Further, only those tables of the InfoCube that are needed to answer the query are joined. This method has to be applied to every InfoCube contained in the InfoSet. For example, in the DataStore object customer rating, all customers are stored with a specially calculated rating number. This rating number can change frequently and expresses the relevance of a customer to a specific business area. For all customers with a rating >50, the volume has to be determined.
Other operations, such as unions or intersections, combining multidimensional data sources with other data sources can be likewise achieved by defining a partial query for the InfoCube and linking it into the complete query using either a nested SQL statement or a database view.
Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors, and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read only memory or a random access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for executing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both, one or more mass storage devices for storing data, e.g., magnetic, magneto optical disks, or optical disks. However, a computer need not have such devices.
Information carriers suitable for embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks, e.g., internal hard disks or removable disks; magneto optical disks; and CD ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, special purpose logic circuitry.
generating a partial join query from the extracted subset of the attributes, the partial join query including characteristics and restrictions that are relevant to the multidimensional database.
2. A computer-implemented method in accordance with claim 1, further comprising executing the partial join query on the data sources.
3. A computer-implemented method in accordance with claim 2, further comprising determining an aggregate data record based on the partial join query.
4. A computer-implemented method in accordance with claim 3, further comprising creating a one-dimensional database view of the multidimensional database based on the aggregate data record.
5. A computer-implemented method in accordance with claim 4, further comprising executing the join query on the multidimensional database according to the one-dimensional database view.
6. A computer-implemented method in accordance with claim 3, further comprising selecting the aggregate data record based on a least number of data records.
7. A computer-implemented method in accordance with claim 2, further comprising generating a number of data records from the partial join query.
generating a partial join query from the extracted subset of the attributes, the partial join query including characteristics and restrictions that are relevant to the two or more multidimensional data sources.
9. A computer-implemented method in accordance with claim 8, further comprising executing the partial join query on the data sources.
10. A computer-implemented method in accordance with claim 9, further comprising determining an aggregate data record based on the partial join query.
11. A computer-implemented method in accordance with claim 10, further comprising creating a one-dimensional database view of the two or more multidimensional data sources based on the aggregate data record.
12. A computer-implemented method in accordance with claim 11, further comprising executing the join query on the two or more multidimensional data sources according to the one-dimensional database view.
13. A computer-implemented method in accordance with claim 3, further comprising selecting the aggregate data record based on a least number of data records.
14. A computer-implemented method in accordance with claim 2, further comprising generating a number of data records from the partial join query.
generate a partial join query from the extracted subset of the attributes, the partial join query including characteristics and restrictions that are relevant to the multidimensional database.
16. A computer program product in accordance with claim 15, being further configured to execute the partial join query on the data sources.
17. A computer program product in accordance with claim 16, being further configured to determine an aggregate data record based on the partial join query.
18. A computer program product in accordance with claim 17, being further configured to create a one-dimensional database view of the multidimensional database based on the aggregate data record.
19. A computer program product in accordance with claim 18, being further configured to execute the join query on the multidimensional database according to the one-dimensional database view.
20. A computer program product in accordance with claim 17, being further configured to select the aggregate data record based on a least number of data records. | 2019-04-22T02:29:04Z | https://patents.google.com/patent/US20070094236A1/en | Porn | Reference | 0.123191 |
wikipedia | Map of Orana within Albany.
Orana is a north-western suburb of Albany in southern Western Australia, northwest of Albany's central business district. Its local government area is the City of Albany.
The suburb is bounded in the north by Anson Road, to the south and east by the South Coast Highway and to the west by Le Grand Avenue. Albany Highway passes through the middle of the suburb.
^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Orana (State Suburb)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 4 January 2015.
^ "Naming of Localities - Town of Albany (per 3773/57 V4)". Western Australia Government Gazette. 8 June 1979. p. 1979:1501.
This page was last edited on 23 November 2016, at 12:16 (UTC). | 2019-04-20T18:23:09Z | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orana,_Western_Australia | Porn | Reference | 0.988334 |
wordpress | Isaiah 10 vs. 27 – And it shall come to pass in that day, that his burden shall be taken away from off thy shoulder, and his yoke from off thy neck, and the yoke shall be destroyed because of the anointing.
What are the lessons from this scripture?
The third lesson is that this burden has to be taken off your shoulders for you to fulfil your destiny.
The fourth lesson is that this yoke on your neck, the yoke of poverty, sickness, dream attacks, nightmares, masturbation, sexual perversion, anger, greed, rebellion, stubbornness, has to be destroyed before Gods plan for your life will be fulfilled.
Lesson no 7: these burden and yokes are breakable, no matter how long or stubborn they are.
Lesson 9: today is the day of salvation; TODAY is THAT DAY the Bible talks about.
Lesson 10: burdens and yokes, can only be broken by the ANOINTING, which is the power of God.
What is a Yoke or burden?
What is the anointing that breaks yokes and burdens?
Acts 10 vs. 38 – How God anointed Jesus of Nazareth with the Holy Ghost and with power: who went about doing good, and healing all that were oppressed of the devil; for God was with him.
Anointing is the power of God that breaks yokes.
Anointing is the power of God that destroy stubborn burden.
Anointing is the power of God that set the captives free.
Anointing is the power of God that makes you stronger than the strong man enemy.
Anointing is the power of God that disgraces Goliaths, Herods, Pharaohs, and other oppressors.
Anointing is the power of God that breaks chains of oppression.
Anointing is the fire of God that consumes boosting powers.
Anointing is the power of God that pushes children of God into breakthrough.
Anointing is the power of God that casts out devils.
An anointed person is spiritually powerful.
An anointed person is filled with Holy Ghost.
When the Spirit of God falls on you, it makes you become a candidate of signs and wonders.
Elisha requested for and received a double portion of the Spirit of Elijah (2Kings 2:9) and he was able to do twice as much miracle as his boss. Elijah did 16 miracles, Elisha 32. And some of the miracles of Elisha were as twice great. Elijah shut the Heavens for 3 and ½ years (James 5:17), Elisha for 7 years (2 Kings 8:1).
Even our Lord Jesus Christ did not perform any miracle before the Holy Ghost descended on him in a bodily shape like a dove upon him (Luke 3:22), at the banks of River Jordan. It was after this divine impartation that he was led to the wilderness full of the Holy Spirit, and returned to Galilee in power of the Holy Ghost to begin his miracles marked with signs and wonders.
This entry was posted in Babatope Babalobi, Prayers and tagged babalobi, Babatope Babalobi, Bible study, christian prayers, Christianity, church, deliverance prayer, deliverance prayers, God, Jesus, Prayers, Religion, Save the World, spiritual warfare. | 2019-04-24T13:52:03Z | https://christonline.wordpress.com/2018/03/19/anointing-of-god-break-my-yokes/ | Porn | Reference | 0.296529 |
wordpress | Posted on June 21, 2018, in Hot Chip. Bookmark the permalink. Leave a comment. | 2019-04-22T13:06:54Z | https://onestepbrighter.wordpress.com/2018/06/21/hot-chip-colours/ | Porn | Reference | 0.209165 |
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