The Montessori Method of teaching is based on the research of Maria Montessori, an Italian doctor and teacher. With this method, children are provided with materials for them to discover and use to teach themselves, while the teacher observes and interacts with the children to guide them as needed. Supporters of this method say children who learn through the Montessori Method often perform better academically and socially than those who learn through a conventional teaching method. The method is most commonly used with children of preschool age.