Cancer patients often experience reductions in employment and earnings following their diagnosis. The goal of this project is to identify policies that can mitigate these negative labor market effects. Such policies are especially relevant as the workforce is aging and therefore incidence of cancer among workers is growing. First, I consider innovations in cancer treatments. Improved treatment options have lowered the mortality of cancer patients, but if they can also increase their labor supply, it may pay off to induce additional innovation. Second, I investigate the role of employers in determining the labor market outcomes of cancer patients. Specifically, if increased flexibility helps cancer patients keep their job during treatment, labor market policies should encourage such flexible work schedules. To address both questions, I use a large administrative data set from Canada that combines the national cancer registry with individual tax returns.