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Angelika Willig is a German philosoph and right-wing extremist publicist.
Life
Angelika Willing died an PhD. in Philosophy (German Doktor). Up from 1994 to 1996 and from 2002 to 2004 willing puphlished texts in the main newspaper of German Neue Rechte „Junge Freiheit“. Up from 2002 she also writing for „Nation und Europa“ and for NPD-newspaper „Deutsche Stimme“ (DS). In 2008 and 2009 Willing was editor in chief of JN-theory publication "Hier und Jetzt." ("here and now").
Willing puphlished in a number of far right publications like Criticon, Münchener Freiheit and "eigentümlich frei".
Positions
According to Willing, there is no freedom to consciously shape social orders. "Politically today, it is not about expanding the individual's opportunities for development compared to the natural and cultural substance. (...) 'Freedom' now increasingly means the voluntary and convinced affirmation of established cultures and the decision to protect them."
References
1963 births
National Democratic Party of Germany politicians
Living people |
The naval Battle of Punta Colares, also known as the Battle of Corales, was the first major naval engagement of the Cisplatine War. It took place between a fleet of the Empire of Brazil, commanded by admiral Rodrigo José Ferreira Lobo, and a squadron of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata under the command of admiral William Brown. The confrontations began at around 10 o'clok on 9 February 1826 and lasted for seven hours.
Background
After war broke out between the Empire of Brazil and the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata on 10 December 1825, the Brazilian government responded by imposing a naval blockade on the port of Buenos Aires on 31 December 1825, aiming to cripple Argentine finances. Since then there had been no major naval engagements between both belligerent states. In the early morning of 9 February 1826 the Argetine squadron left the port of Buenos Aires and made its first attempt to break the blockade.
Order of battle
Empire of Brazil
United Provinces of the Río de la Plata
Battle
The Argentine squadron was spotted leaving the port of Buenos Aires in the early morning of 9 February 1826. Admiral Rodrigo Lobo gave orders to the Brazilians to lift the anchors and set sail. Only at 10 o'clock admiral Lobo ordered the ships to turn to their sides and start the confrontations. Both squadrons approached each other and the Brazilians took the offensive. At 14:45 the Brazilians spotted more Argentine ships. The corvettes Liberal and Itaparica opened fire against the 25 de Mayo and the Argentine brigs. The Argentine brigs abandoned the combat and were soon followed by the gunboats. Isolated and sustaining the enemy fire alone, the corvette 25 de Mayo also fled.
At 5 o'clock the Brazilians once again managed to approach the Argentine squadron. The corvette Liberal and the brig 29 de Agosto opened fire against the 25 de Mayo and the Congreso Nacional, firing at them for one and a half hour.
Aftermath
It was the first time that admiral William Brown had tried to face the Brazilian fleet. The result was not favourable to Brown and the Argentine squadron, although the Brazilian admiral did not take advantage of the situation to further attack them. After the battle, at night, the Brazilians anchored between the Ortiz and the Chico sandbanks. Admiral William Brown then planned a combined attack against the city of Colonia del Sacramento, which was controlled by the Brazilians and was under siege by troops on land, on 25 February 1826.
References
Citations
Bibliography
Conflicts in 1826
Punta Colares
1826 in Brazil
July 1826 events
Naval battles involving Brazil
Battles involving Argentina |
The 2021 P. League+ playoffs was the postseason tournament of the 2020–21 P. League+ season. The playoffs began on April 23 and was early ended on May 15 due to the Taiwanese pandemic restrictions after Game 4 of the 2021 P. League+ Finals. The Taipei Fubon Braves, leading 3–1 in the Finals, was declared the champion after the remaining Finals games were cancelled.
Format
The top three seed qualify the playoffs. The second and third seeds play the best-of-five playoffs series, which is in a 2-2-1 format. The winner advances and plays the top seed in the best-of-seven finals series, which is in a 2-2-1-1-1 format. The seeding is based on each team's regular season record. Home court advantage goes to the higher seed for both series.
Playoff qualifying
Bracket
Bold Series winner
Italic Team with home-court advantage
Playoffs: (2) Taoyuan Pilots vs. (3) Formosa Taishin Dreamers
P. League+ Finals: (1) Taipei Fubon Braves vs. (3) Formosa Taishin Dreamers
References
Playoffs
P. League+ playoffs |
Bartosz Guzdek (born 28 July 2002) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Widzew Łódź.
Career statistics
Club
References
External links
2002 births
Living people
People from Wadowice
Polish footballers
Association football forwards
Ruch Chorzów players
Widzew Łódź players
III liga players
I liga players
Poland youth international footballers |
Galaxy Surfactants Ltd. is an Indian multinational chemical company based in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is a manufacturer of surfactants and speciality chemicals for cleaning and personal care space and its more than 200 products are exported to over 100 countries. Galaxy has over 1400 clients including L'Oréal, Unilever, Colgate-Palmolive, Dabur, Himalaya, and more. Performance surfactants account for 60% of revenue and specialty personal care products account for the rest.
Galaxy is considered a power-player in the global surfactants market. In 2020, the annual turnover was 2,563 crore. According to Unnathan Shekhar, managing director of Galaxy Surfactants, two-thirds of their business comes from international customers. In 2020, the company spent nearly 60 crore and filed for 62 patents.
History and evolution
The company was founded in 1980 by Unnathan Shekhar, Geera Ramakrishnan, Shashi Shanbhag, CR Ramakrishna, and Sudhir Patil; five friends, all aged 23, who all came from different backgrounds. They began their company as contract manufacturers for Colgate-Palmolive, producing Sodium laureth sulfate in a small lab in Ghatkopar.
In 1984, Galaxy opened its first plant at Tarapur and second plant for sulfonation was opened in Taloja in 1998.
Galaxy also started a research centre at Navi Mumbai in 1997.
In July 2009, Galaxy acquired TRI‐K Industries, a distributor and producer of specialty ingredients. This acquisition of a 30 year old New Jersey headquartered company gave the company a foothold in the United States with additional protein manufacturing facilities in New Hampshire.
In 2011, Galaxy commissioned manufacturing plants at Zaghadia in Gujarat and Suez in Egypt at the cost of 330 crore.
In 2012, Galaxy became a member of Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil, taking a step towards creating a sustainable palm oil supply chain.
In 2018, Galaxy floated their IPO and was listed on the Indian stock exchanges (BSE & NSE).
References
External links
Manufacturing companies based in Mumbai
Chemical companies established in 1980
Chemical companies of India
Indian companies established in 1980
Indian brands
1980 establishments in Maharashtra
Companies listed on the National Stock Exchange of India
Companies listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange |
Lauren-Marie Haywood is an award winning British West-Indian artist whose work includes painting, sculpture, installation, digital illustration, casting, and live performance. Recurring themes within her work often explore concepts of pan-Africanism and women’s empowerment, examining the intersection between blackness and womanhood.
She is best known for creating edible commissions, which have been featured in many notable programmes and news sources such as Sky Arts ‘Unmuted’, AN Magazine, Buzzfeed, and The Islington Gazette. She is currently represented by Shiver Art Gallery, London. She graduated from the University of Westminster’s Fine Art Mixed Media course in 2020.
Selected shows
‘Around The Table’ Exhibition: 7th May 2021 - 26th June 2021, No. 20 Arts Gallery, Islington
‘Portraits and Works on Paper’ Exhibition: 16th - 23rd May 2021, The Brick Lane Gallery
Black SuperSheroes, ‘#ForgottenFigures’ Exhibition: October 2018, 1A The Darnley Gallery
References
Living people
British contemporary artists
Black British artists
21st-century British artists
21st-century women artists |
Woven Planet Holdings, Inc., a subsidiary of the Toyota Motor Corporation, was formerly the Toyota Research Institute – Advanced Development, which had been established by Toyota in 2018. In 2021 it became Woven Planet Holdings, with two subsidiary companies, Woven Core and Woven Alpha, as well as an investment fund, Woven Capital.
Description
Woven Planet Holdings incorporated in January 2021, organizing at that time the two subsidiaries Woven Core and Woven Alpha, and also creating the fund, Woven Capital. Woven Planet Holdings, Inc., develops and maintains database software products and technologies in Japan. Woven Planet Holdings CEO James Kuffner said, "Toyota's traditional strength in hardware is something we never want to lose. To make safe mobility we need both, great hardware and great software... The automotive industry is going through this once-in-a-hundred-year revolution... Some things we're going to do are going to fail. But, as I always tell my team, it isn't a failure if you learn. We are always going to be learning, in the spirit of 'kaizen' and improvement."
Woven Core
The subsidiary Woven Core will "develop, implement and scale automated driving technologies".
Woven Alpha
The subsidiary Woven Alpha's mission is to search out new business opportunities and incubate new projects like Woven City, the autonomous vehicle software, and an automated mapping platform.
Woven Capital
In 2021, Toyota Research Institute – Advanced Development set up the US$800m (€676m) global investment fund, Woven Capital, to support the work of Woven Core and Woven Alpha. The fund is for investment in driverless car technologies, including "autonomous mobility, automation, artificial intelligence, machine learning, data and analytics, connectivity, and smart cities".
History
TRI–AD began in 2018, a joint venture among Toyota, Denso, and Aisin to unify and strengthen Toyota’s software for automated driving and safety. In January 2021, it became Woven Planet Holdings.
In April 2021, Woven Planet Holdings agreed to acquire Lyft's Level 5 self-driving vehicle division. Financing included US$550 million in cash with $200 million paid upfront and $350 million of payments over five year period. Woven Planet CEO James Kuffner said the acquisition assembled "a dream team of world-class engineers and scientists to deliver safe mobility technology for the world".
Woven Planet also acquired CARMERA, Inc., in July 2021. CARMERA "specializes in sophisticated road mapping updates made cheaper and faster by using crowdsourced information obtained in real time from millions of net-connected Toyota vehicles".
In September 2021, Woven Planed acquired Renovo Motors, Inc., a Silicon Valley automotive operating system developer.
See also
Artificial intelligence
Automobile safety
Automotive navigation system
Autopilot
Advanced Driver Assistance Systems
Connected car
Hybrid navigation
List of self-driving system suppliers
Mobility as a service (transport)
Smart camera
Vehicle infrastructure integration
Vehicle safety technology
References
External links
Japanese brands
Japanese companies established in 2018
Robotics companies of Japan
Technology companies established in 2018
Toyota subsidiaries |
Church of Saint Anthony in Talačyn is a Belarusian cultural heritage object, built in 1813—1861 and consecrated in the name of Anthony of Padua.
The first Catholic parish in Talachyn was established in 1604 by Lew Sapieha. He built a school, a hospital, and a first church. The town was severely damaged in the Russo-Polish War (1654–1667) and the French invasion of Russia, that is why no buildings of the XVII century and earlier times were preserved.
The current church of Saint Anthony was constructed between 1813 and 1861 in commemoration of the victory in the War of 1812. Some sources claim that the construction was finished by 1853.
In the 1930s the church was closed by the Soviet authorities and used as a warehouse, then a cafe and a club. In the 1960s the bell tower was destroyed.
In 1993 the church was returned to the parish and restored.
Gallery
References
18th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in Belarus
Catholic Church stubs
Churches in Belarus
Landmarks in Belarus |
Artem Volodymyrovych Kachanovskyi (ukr. Арте́м Володи́мирович Качано́вський, born 12.12.1992) is a 2-dan professional go player from Ukraine. He was the fifth player to be awarded professional status by the European Go Federation, in 2016. He has won the European Grand Slam tournament twice, in 2017 and 2021, and was runner-up in the European Championship three times, in 2010, 2019 and 2021. Among other high tournament placements, he won the Pandanet European Team Championship in 2016, the Silk Road Tournament in 2019 and the first season of the European Professional Go League in 2020.
Biography
Kachanovskyi was born on 12 December 1992 and grew up in Rivne, Ukraine. He began playing go at the age of 7 after his father read about the game in a newspaper and began to teach him and his brother, Mykhailo. He attended a local go club until he surpassed his teacher in strength, after reaching the level of 3-kyu. From then on, he continued his studies of the game alone. After completing studies of Computer Science, he decided after the introduction of a professional system in Europe in 2014 to devote himself entirely to the game and attempt to make a living from it.
Among the strongest players in Europe, Kachanovskyi is notable for never having visited Asia for an extended period to study, instead achieving his strength mostly through self-study. In 2016, Kachanovskyi became the fifth player to be awarded professional status, after having emerged the overall victor of a six-round, single knockout tournament of sixteen of Europe's strongest players and beating his fellow Ukrainian Andrii Kravets in the final. Kravets and Kachanovskyi both studied as children at the same go school in Rivne, and Kravets would go on to achieve professional status himself the following year.
Personal life
Now living in Kyiv with his wife and two children, Kachanovskyi launched the "European Go Journal" in February 2021. The Journal is published monthly to an international readership of around 300 people, and features varied content including European and international news, game commentaries, interviews, photography, artwork, tsumego problems and more. Assisted by two proofreaders and content contributors from around Europe, Kachanovskyi celebrated the one-year anniversary of the project in February 2022 with a special article on the project's origins and developments.
Tournament and promotional history
References
External links
Kachanovskyi's player card in the European Go Database.
Kachanovskyi's player profile on the European Go Federation website.
European Go Journal, of which Kachanovskyi is the editor-in-chief.
1992 births
Living people
Ukrainian Go players |
Frederick Douglas Hodges (19 April 1918 - 21 July 1999) was a Canadian labour leader, civil rights activist, politician and humanitarian.
Early life
Hodges was born in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada to Lloyd Hodges and Drusilla Oliver - descendants of Black Loyalists who arrived in New Brunswick in the 1780s following the American Revolution. In the 1940s, Hodges worked as a freight handler with the Canadian Pacific Railway. During the Second World War, he served for two years in the Royal Canadian Airforce as a radio-telephone operator in Yarmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Career
Hodges maintained an active and long-running career in politics.
In 1946, Hodges returned to work as a freight handler for the CPR, who had a collective agreement with the Winterport Lodge 797 of the Brotherhood of Railway, Airline and Steamship Clerks, Freight Handlers, Express and Station Employees. Hodges became the first Black member of Lodge 747 when the union amended their constitution to permit memberships for Black workers in 1947. He maintained his membership for over 50 years. In the 1950s, Hodges lobbied for the Saint John District Labour Council to establish a standing committee on human rights, becoming its first chairman. In 1964, he became the first Black president of the Saint John District Labour Council, and served for 11 years.
In 1962, Hodges became a trustee within the New Brunswick Federation of Labour. In 1969, Hodges was elected the vice-president of the New Brunswick Federation of Labour for the counties of Saint John-Charlotte-Queens, serving for 6 years. Hodges was a founding member of the New Brunswick Association for the Advancement of Coloured People. He was also appointed to the New Brunswick Human Rights Commission.
In 1974, Hodges ran as an official labour candidate and was became the first member of a visible minority to be elected as city councillor of Saint John.
Hodges' other memberships and roles included:
a vice-chairman of the Saint John Port Industrial Commission
Commissioner of the New Brunswick Human Rights Commission
labour's representative on the New Brunswick Labour Relations Board
vice-chairman of the Saint John Association to Abolish the Death Penalty
vice-chairman of the Saint John Citizenship Association
a director of the John Howard Society
chairman of the Human Rights Awareness Association of Saint John
chairman of the Civil Liberties Association—Saint John
a director of the Civil Liberties Association of Canada
a member of the Multicultural Association of Fredericton and Saint John
a director of the College Development Committee UNBSJ
an advisory board member to the New Brunswick Community College
a member of the Planning Advisory Committee that created Market Square
chairman and founding member of the first Saint John grocery Co-op
co-chairman of the “Saint John Unity Committee,” which was created in the 1970s in an effort to promote the city.
Following Hodges' retirement in 1984, he maintained that labour movements or visible minorities were still not sufficiently accepted in Saint John, citing a lack of representation. Addressing the issue, Hodges stated that “the only way it will ever change is for these groups to keep united as a collective group and to make their voice known through the ballot box.”
Awards
In 1978, Hodges received the Queen's Jubilee Medal.
On October 29, 1979, the New Brunswick Association for the Advancement of Coloured People hosted a testimonial dinner for Hodges in which over 350 people attended to honor him for his contributions to Saint John. While there, Hodges received a certificate of merit from the city of Saint John and a commendation from Premier Richard Hatfield.
In 1982, he received Canada's highest distinction, the Order of Canada for his work within labour, educational and municipal bodies, as well as his efforts "to further equal opportunities for minority groups."
In 1984, he was awarded a Honorary Doctor of Laws from the University of New Brunswick.
Hodges received the New Brunswick Human Rights Award from the New Brunswick Human Rights Commission for his "outstanding contributions to advance human rights."
Personal life
Hodges married Olive Mildred Stewart in 1940 and had six children together. Olive passed away in 1965. In 1983, Hodges married Eugenia Simmons.
Upon being asked about his philosophy, Hodges stated: “accomplish what you can accomplish, then get a good night’s sleep.”
Hodges died on July 21, 1999, en route to the hospital after suffering a heart attack while vacationing in Nova Scotia.
References
1918 births
1999 deaths
People from New Brunswick
20th-century Canadian politicians |
This page is a list of coat of arms of Åland, the autonomous region of Finland.
Coat of arms of Åland
Municipalities
In Åland, it is mandatory for municipalities to have a coat of arms, thus all 16 municipalities of Åland have coats of arms.
This section is a list of coat of arms of municipalities in Åland. The year in brackets refer to the year in which the coat of arms was confirmed by the Government of Åland.
All municipal coats of arms of Åland were designed by Matts Dreijer. Arms of Kumlinge was redrawn by Gustaf von Numers in 1953. Arms of Mariehamn is redrawn by Nils Byman. The coat of arms of Föglö was jointly designed with A.W. Rancken.
See also
Flag of Åland
Finnish heraldry
Armorial of Finland
References
Finnish coats of arms
Armorials of Finland |
Radosław Gołębiowski (born 24 November 2001) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Widzew Łódź.
Career statistics
Club
References
External links
2001 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Częstochowa
Polish footballers
Association football midfielders
Skra Częstochowa players
Widzew Łódź players
II liga players
I liga players
Poland youth international footballers |
Kouyaté is surname common in Senegal, Guinea, Mali. Notable people with the surname include:
Adama Kouyaté, Malian photographer
Bassekou Kouyate, Malian musician
Boubakar Kouyaté, Malian footballer
Cheikhou Kouyaté, Senegalese footballer
Kandia Kouyaté, Malian jelimuso (a female griot) and kora player
Lansana Kouyaté, Prime Minister of Guinea from 2007 to 2008
Mamadou Kouyaté, Malian footballer
Moussa Kouyate, Malian kora player
Moustapha Kouyaté, Guinean footballer
Soriba Kouyaté, Senegalese kora player
Sotigui Kouyaté, Malian-Burkinabé actor and footballer
Surnames |
Euphorbia brachycera is a species of flowering plant in the Euphorbiaceae family. It is referred to by the common name horned spurge and is native to Northern Mexico and the Rocky Mountains of the US. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial growing in spreading mats, with narrow green leaves and yellow flowerheads.
References
brachycera
Flora of North America
Taxa described in 1858 |
Buellia sulphurica is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Caliciaceae. Found in the Galápagos Islands, it was described as new to science in 2011 by Frank Bungartz and André Aptroot. The type specimen was collected on the northern exposed inner caldera rim of the Alcedo Volcano on Isabela Island at an altitude of . Here, near the sulphur vents, it was found growing on basalt rock; nearby vegetation included Adianthus concinnum and Tournefortia rufosericea. It has additionally been recorded on the Chico volcano, also on Isabela Island. The specific epithet sulphurica alludes to both the bright yellow colour of the thallus, and the proximity of the lichen to sulphur vents. Buellia sulphurica contains rhizocarpic acid, a secondary compound that is rare in genus Buellia.
References
sulphurica
Lichens described in 2011
Lichens of the Galápagos Islands
Taxa named by André Aptroot |
Shelby County Speedway, is a motorsports four-tenth-mile dirt track facility located in north Harlan, Iowa.
References
Harlan, Iowa
Buildings and structures in Shelby County, Iowa
Motorsport venues in Iowa
Speedway venues in the United States |
Shada Mustafa is a Palestinian novelist, best known for her novel Things I Left Behind which was shortlisted for the Sheikh Zayed Book Award for Literature 2021 for Young Author. It was her first novel published by Hachette Antoine 2020 in Beirut.
Shada holds a degree in architecture from the American University of Beirut and a Master in Human Geography from the Free University of Berlin.
References
21st-century Palestinian women writers
American University of Beirut alumni
Palestinian expatriates in Germany
Arab writers
1995 births
Living people |
Rex Critchlow (1936 - 2010) was an architect and industrial designer based in Lincolnshire
Life and Career
Born in Southampton the third son of William H Critchlow MBE, an Esso Oil executive, and Emily (neé Leach), Critchlow moved house frequently in his youth living variously in Hampshire, Leeds, Harrogate, Sutton Coldfield and Sanderstead, Surrey. He was educated at Grosvenor House School in Harrogate, Worksop College and the University of Sheffield. After work in London for various practices including Eric Lyons, Critchlow moved to Lincolnshire in 1962 and joined JFPye to form Pye & Partners (subsequently Pye Critchlow Architects) where he practiced until 2010.
Architectural works
Offices and Canteen building at Easton, near Grantham for Christian Salvesen (1973-74).
Witham Hall, Witham-on-the-Hill - stable block conversion to music school
St Peter's Court, High St, Barton-upon-Humber (1981) - Civic Trust award for infill housing
Haven Mill, Grimsby - restoration & conversion of 5 storey Victorian mill to shops and restaurant with new footbridge over River Freshney
Own house at Barnoldby-le-Beck (1962–65)
House for Brian Clark, playwright in Derbyshire
House for author and journalist Philip Oakes & Gilly Hodson at North Owersby
Industrial Design
Mold-formed GRP bathroom pod, patented design acquired by Ideal Standard (1971)
References
Architects from Lincolnshire
People educated at Worksop College
People associated with the University of Sheffield |
Dominik Piła (born 6 May 2001) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a winger for Chrobry Głogów.
Club career
Piła started his professional career with Polish I liga side Chrobry Głogów in 2019. On 4 January 2022, he signed a four-year contract with Ekstraklasa club Lechia Gdańsk, effective from 1 July 2022.
Career statistics
Club
References
External links
2001 births
Living people
People from Świdnica
Polish footballers
Association football wingers
Chrobry Głogów players
I liga players
Poland youth international footballers |
Ogunnaike is Yoruba surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Babatunde Ogunnaike, American chemical engineer of Nigerian descent
Lola Ogunnaike, American entertainment journalist |
Herencia is a municipality in the Province of Ciudad Real, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.
Herencia may also refer to:
Herencia (album), a 2006 album by Soraya
Herencia (film) (Inheritance), a 2001 Argentine film
See also
La herencia (disambiguation) |
The Trudlerbaach (Luxembourgish: Troudlerbaach) is a small brook that runs from Contern to Syren, within the communes of Weiler-la-tour and Contern in Luxembourg, it is tributary of the river Syre however actually flows from a higher point in the land than the Syre itself and therefore the source of it is disputedly the source of the Syre.
Trudlermillen is named after the Trudlerbaach, and therefore so is the bus stop named Troudlermillen.
Route
The Trudlerbaach starts somewhere around Contern within the Shaltgen. It flows south very slowly, at first following a dirt path through farmland, through the Shaltgen and past Beriton Grounding, as it continues before meeting rue de pres and going parallel to it until Faerschthaff. At the moment it joins rue de pres, there's a small seating area, and below it underground, a water outflow pipe. Upon reaching Faerschthaff it crosses the small walkway under the only real bridge over the river before moving into Poteschbesch and crossing into Weiler-la-tour. It follows another path through the Poteschbesch before passing by a hill named Moschelt and then it flows past Trudlermillen. Then finally it passes through residential areas in Syren before travelling through a man made hole in Rue D'Altzingen before meeting the Syre.
Source
The source of the Trudlerbaach is somewhere in the Shaltgen, just North-West of Contern. There's a small pond just south of a small rural road which could've been the source however it's evident water flows from higher up. The source is elevated at around as opposed the Syre which it joins to having an elevation of . In addition the Syre flows from its source to where it meets with the Trudlerbaach while the Trudlerbaach itself flows so it is belived by some that the source of the Trudlerbaach is in fact the source of the Syre.
References
Contern
Rivers of Luxembourg |
Adejumo is Yoruba surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Olusegun Adejumo, Nigerian visual artist
Raheem Adejumo, Nigerian philanthropist, businessman and administrator
Soji Adejumo, Nigerian Professor of animal physiology and politician |
In law and philosophy, accommodationism is the co-existence of religion with rationalism or irreligion. It may be applied to government practice or to society more broadly. Accommodationist policies are common in liberal democracies as a method of guaranteeing freedom of religion, and these policies may include options for religious education, official recognition of certain religious practices, and tolerance of religious expression in public spaces. It contrasts with secularism and fundamentalism.
By location
Europe
Germany provides financial support for religious organizations. Teaching of religion is permitted in schools, but students have the right to choose the type of religious instruction, if any. In Albania, accommodationism is associated with long standing Islamic traditions in the country and Sufism in particular, while it's opposed by neo-fundamentalist groups and the Salafi movement in particular.
In the United Kingdom, accommodationism is relevant to the role of the Church of England and the debate over disestablishmentarianism.
United States
The United States has a history of accommodationism originating from its founding. The First Amendment to the United States Constitution guarantees that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof." Accommodationist policy in the United States often pertains to religion in schools; public schools in the United States cannot sponsor or endorse religion, but parochial schools are permitted to exist and receive government support. Religious practices have been recognized and adopted by law, including Christmas as a national holiday and In God We Trust as the national motto. The Supreme Court of the United States has ruled in favor of an accommodationist interpretation of the amendment numerous times, both implicitly and explicitly.
See also
Faith and rationality
Religion in politics
Religious pluralism
Separation of church and state
Syncretism
References
Religion and politics
Separation of church and state
Philosophy of religion |
Oskar Krzyżak (born 24 January 2002) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Raków Częstochowa.
Career statistics
Club
References
External links
2002 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Częstochowa
Polish footballers
Association football defenders
Raków Częstochowa players
Bytovia Bytów players
Skra Częstochowa players
II liga players
I liga players
Poland youth international footballers |
Lawrence P. Casey (born November 8, 1940) is an American film and television actor. He is known for playing Cpl. Mark T. Hitchcock in the American adventure and drama television series The Rat Patrol.
Life and career
Casey was born in New York. At the age of 19, he began his career, performing on stage. He was originally a construction worker and a professional boxer. Casey's only theatre credit was The Visit (1959). He then began his film and television career in 1966, first appearing in the medical drama television series Dr. Kildare. Casey also guest-starred as Jim Libby in one episode of the western television series Gunsmoke.
Casey joined the cast of the new ABC action and drama television series The Rat Patrol, playing driver Cpl. Mark T. Hitchcock. Casey and Christopher George, who played Sgt. Sam Troy, traveled from the largest city in Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City to Vietnam's fifth-largest city, Da Nang. While traveling, they met comic actress and singer, Martha Raye. After the series ended in 1968, Casey guest-starred in the western television series Bonanza co-starried as Elliot Crane in the 1969 film The Gay Deceivers.
Casey guest-starred in television programs, including, The Rockford Files, Ironside, The Love Boat, Knots Landing, Falcon Crest, The Mod Squad and Barnaby Jones. He played Rodney Harrington in the soap opera television series Return to Peyton Place. Casey appeared in films, such as, Good Guys Wear Black, Acapulco Gold, The Student Nurses, The Great Waldo Pepper and Borderline. He retired in 1992, last appearing in the legal drama television series L.A. Law.
References
External links
Rotten Tomatoes profile
1940 births
Living people
People from New York (state)
Male actors from New York (state)
American male film actors
American male stage actors
American male television actors
American male soap opera actors
20th-century American male actors
American male boxers |
Owolabi is a Yoruba given name and surname meaning "we've birthed wealth". Notable people with this name include:
Given name
Israel Mobolaji Temitayo Odunayo Oluwafemi Owolabi Adesanya, Nigerian-born New Zealand professional mixed martial artist
Raheem Owolabi Isiaka, Nigerian footballer
Surname
Abdulazeez Owolabi, Nigerian footballer
Felix Owolabi, Nigerian footballer
Ganiyu Owolabi, Nigerian footballer
Israel Esan Owolabi, Nigerian engineer and academic
Kubrat Owolabi, Nigerian table tennis player
Tunde Owolabi, Belgian footballer
References
Yoruba-language surnames |
Robert Pereira Molina (born 30 May 1968) is a Paraguayan football manager, currently in charge of Tacuary.
Career
Pereira was an assistant of Jorge Amado Nunes in 2013, before being named manager of the club September of that year. He resigned in July 2016, and took over Primera División side General Caballero de Zeballos Cué.
Despite the club's relegation, Pereira remained in charge in 2017 but was replaced by Roberto Sánchez. Ahead of the 2018 season, he was named in charge of Sportivo Iteño, but ended the campaign at Tacuary.
On 8 January 2019, Pereira was appointed Rubio Ñu manager. In June 2020, he was named at the helm of General Díaz, but was sacked on 6 October.
Pereira was named manager of Iteño in June 2021, but left in the following month. On 21 February 2022, he replaced Daniel Lanata at the helm of Tacuary, now in the top tier.
References
External links
1968 births
Living people
Paraguayan football managers |
Lis Møller (22 December 1918 – 24 September 1983) was a Danish journalist and Conservative People's Party politician who was elected to the Folketing for two non-consecutive periods. She joined the Young Conservatives when she was aged 15 and took part in organisational work for them. Møller joined Danmarks Radio as a programme secretary for radio in 1949 before moving to television seven years later. She focused on women's and social issues and underrepresented minorities while in Parliament and her broadcasting career focused on women's and youth, particularly social issues from those groups she worked with for organisations she was a part of. Møller was appointed Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog in 1976.
Early life
On 22 December 1918, Møller was born in Copenhagen. She was the daughter of upper-class parents, the clerk Johan Frederik Gotschalk and the housekeeper Kirsten Olesen. Immediately following her birth, Møller was adopted by the wholesaler Hans Marinus Jakobsen and his wife Alma Jakobsen. She grew up with her foster parents and did not make contact with her biological parents until the death of her foster parents during her teenage years. Møller became a member of the Young Conservatives at the age of 15. In 1935, she graduated from N. Zahle's School with her high school diploma, and trained to be a journalist at both Holbæk Amts Avis and Sorø Amts Dagblad from 1936 to 1939.
Career
Møller had taken part in conservative organizational work from 1934, chairing the Young Conservatives' second district between 1935 and 1936, doing women's work for the Young Conservatives in Slagelse from 1936 to 1938, leading the Copenhagen Young Conservative's women's branch from 1941 to 1943 and was secretary of the national organization's women's committee between 1943 and 1946. She led the Young Conservative's girls' country camps from 1945 to 1947. She worked in the Ministry of Finance between 1940 and 1943. From 1945 to 1949, Møller worked for the daily newspaper Nationaltidende, as well as at . She then became employed as a program secretary at Danmarks Radio. Møller moved to television in 1956 and withdrew a request to join its current affairs department to enable her to cover societial issues in 1969 due to protests from TV Avisen employees.
She stood for election to the Folketing in the constituency of in both the 1945 Danish Folketing election and the 1947 Danish Folketing elections on behalf of The Conservative People's Party that nominated her but she failed to get elected on both occasions. At the 1964 Danish general election, Møller did not get election to represent the constituency in the Folketing but she would gain election in the constituency at the 1966 Danish general election on 22 November of that year and remained there until 4 December 1973. She resigned her seat in 1973 and left The Conservative People's Party two years later. Møller was a in the Folketing as a representative of the constituency for The Conservative People's Party from 8 December 1981 to 24 September 1983.
In parliament, she focused on women's and social issues and underrepresented minorities; Møller did not seek high office. She established the Housing Fund for Single Mothers in 1966, which she chaired until 1983. She was on the board of several social organisations. In 1966, Møller became a member of both the Weaknesses 'School Association's support committee and the Tørsleff & Co's Housewives' Scholarship. She co-established the Danish Folk High School in Israel the following year and founded Danish Day Care Centers in 1968 that she chaired until 1973. Møller was also a member of the Disability Fund's Board of Representatives and its executive committee, the CISV's presidium and of Sofieskolen's supervisory board, the Board of Censors at the Danish School of Media and Journalism, the Mødrehjælpen's supervisory board, Børneringens main board, the Social Reform Commission, the Children Commission 1976 and the Elderly Commission. She was also chair of the , on the supervisory board of the children's psychotic treatment centre Sofieskolen and the Association for Spastic Paralyzed and worked for the Disability Foundation, the Lonely Old People's Guard and Terres des Hommes.
Møller's radio and television broadcasting career saw her focus on women's and youth, particularly social issues from those groups she worked with for organisations she was a part of. She authored Mennesker på skærmen in 1978. Møller was considered by her own party to be "troublesome" because of her focus on finding solutions to issues in society and was a rapporteur of social policy for several years, some of which were revoked. This included her stance on free abortions which she opposed on the grounds of pressure from fathers and instead campaigned for contraception and adoption. Møller believed young women should stay at home as much as possible when their children were young but that single mothers should put their children up for adoption. She was a feverent opponent of crèche and was an supporter of part-time kindergartens and part-time work. In 1979, Møller made the proposal that her housing fund be merged with the foundation established in Countess Danner's House. She contacted the Justice Minister and the foundation's board without notifying the house's occupants, who distanced themselves from her.
Personal life
On 28 February 1942 in Copenhagen, she married the politician Poul Møller. They had two children, one of whom Per Stig Møller became a politician. Møller had a daughter from a previous short-lived marriage. She died in Ordrup on 24 September 1983 and was buried in Bispebjerg Cemetery.
Awards
In 1967, Møller received the . She also won the Ejnar Friis-Hansens in 1972, and DR's two years later. In 1976, Møller was appointed Knight of the Order of the Dannebrog. In 1978, she received Birgit Saabye's Memorial Scholarship as well as The Berlin Foundation's Honorary Award. Møller was named an "honorary craftsman" by the Association of Craftsmen in Copenhagen for "her creative work in radio and television and the value her journalism brought to the understanding of social and human conditions.
References
1918 births
1983 deaths
Politicians from Copenhagen
20th-century Danish women politicians
20th-century Danish women writers
20th-century Danish journalists
Women members of the Folketing
Members of the Folketing 1968–1971
Members of the Folketing 1971–1973
Members of the Folketing 1981–1984
Conservative People's Party (Denmark) politicians
Danish women journalists
Radio reporters and correspondents
Knights of the Order of the Dannebrog |
The 34th Lo Nuestro Awards ceremony was held at the FTX Arena in Miami on February 24, 2022. Presented and televised by American television network Univision y Las Estrellas, the Lo Nuestro Awards recognized the most popular Spanish-language music of 2021 that was played on Uforia Audio Network during the year in 35 categories. Spanish singer David Bisbal, Mexican-American TV presenter Alejandra Espinoza, Mexican actor Gabriel Soto, and fellow Mexican singer Yuri hosted the ceremony.
Camilo, Christian Nodal, and J Balvin received the most nominations with ten. Bad Bunny received the most awards, with six, including Artist of the Year and Album of the Year for El Último Tour Del Mundo.
Winners and nominees
The nominees for the 34th Lo Nuestro Awards were announced digitally on January 25, 2022, by Univision.
General
References
2022 music awards
2022 awards in the United States
Lo Nuestro Awards by year
2022 in Latin music |
Dasyuris anceps is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand.
References
Larentiinae
Moths of New Zealand
Moths described in 1877
Endemic fauna of New Zealand
Taxa named by Arthur Gardiner Butler |
Gabriel Kobylak (born 20 February 2002) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Puszcza Niepołomice, on loan from Legia Warsaw II.
Career statistics
Club
References
External links
2002 births
Living people
Polish footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Karpaty Krosno players
Legia Warsaw II players
Puszcza Niepołomice players
III liga players
I liga players
Poland youth international footballers |
Godfrey of Spitzenberg (1132 – July 8, 1190 in Antioch) was a close confidant of Emperor Frederick I and bishop of Regensburg and Würzburg.
Early career
Godfrey was the son of Rudolf I of Sigmaringen and his wife Adelheid. He belonged to the Sigmaringen-Spitzenberg family which was formed by the marriage of Richinza, daughter of Berthold II, Duke of Carinthia, and Louis of Sigmaringen, progenitor of the House of Helfenstein.
He studied law in Bologna and theology in Paris. In 1172, he became capitular in Würzburg and imperial court chancellor for Frederick I. In the following years, he took part in the Italian campaigns against the Lombard League, and was instrumental in the conclusion of the Treaty of Venice in 1177. In 1184–85, Godfrey held the office of general legate in Italy in addition to the office of chancellor. On June 18, 1185, he was elected bishop of Regensburg. In 1186, Bishop Reginhard von Abenberg died in Würzburg, and Godfrey was elected successor and thus retired from the imperial service.
In 1187, the Muslim Sultan Saladin succeeded in defeating the Christian army of the crusader states in the Battle of Hattin. At the Diet in Strasbourg, papal envoys reported on the loss of Jerusalem, and demanded that the Holy Places be recaptured. On 27 March 1188, at the Diet of Mainz, Godfrey preached a crusade sermon and Frederick asked the assembly whether he should take the cross. it was decided to gather a crusade army in Regensburg the following year in order to reconquer the Holy Land. The army, which Godfrey also joined, had marched across the Balkans and crossed Asia Minor against fierce resistance, until Emperor Frederick I drowned in the Saleph River in 1190. Subsequently, in Antioch, many of the crusaders contracted disease; Godfrey also died from it on July 8, 1190.
Before his death, Godfrey had determined that his right hand should be brought to Würzburg. The hand was severed from the corpse and sent on a journey to Würzburg. The messengers were probably attacked by robbers who suspected valuable items in the cassette they were carrying. In any case, the hand got lost on the way and so today only the grave slab of Bishop Godfrey is in the Würzburg Cathedral.
References
Bibliography
1132 births
1190 deaths
Roman Catholic bishops of Regensburg
Roman Catholic bishops of Würzburg
12th-century German Roman Catholic bishops
Christians of the Third Crusade |
Macroscelidea is an order of small mammals. Members of this order are called macroscelids, or elephant shrews. They are exclusively found in Africa. They are all around a similar size, and are found in a variety of biomes, from forests to deserts. Almost no macroscelid species have a population estimate, though the golden-rumped elephant shrew is considered endangered with a population of around 13,000.
The twenty extant species of Macroscelidea are grouped into a single family, Macroscelididae, and are split between six genera. Dozens of extinct macroscelid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.
Conventions
Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the macroscelid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "".
Classification
The order Macroscelidea consists of a single family, Macroscelididae, which contains twenty species divided into six genera. Many of these species are further subdivided into subspecies. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species.
Family Macroscelididae
Genus Elephantulus (round-eared elephant shrews): eight species
Genus Galegeeska (Horn of Africa elephant shrews): two species
Genus Macroscelides (long-eared elephant shrews): three species
Genus Petrodromus (four-toed elephant shrew): one species
Genus Petrosaltator (North African elephant shrew): one species
Genus Rhynchocyon (checkered elephant shrews): five species
Macroscelids
The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis.
References
Sources
Macroscelids
Macroscelids |
Billal Miah (born 15th May 1960) is an Indian politician from Tripura. He is a former member of the Tripura Legislative Assembly from the Boxanagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency), having first been elected in the 1988 and 1998 elections. As of 2022, he is the working President of Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee and member of the INC.
Personal Life
Billal Miah was born in 15th May 1960 in Sonamura to Maharam Ali and Sahara Begam. He did his schooling from NCI Institution, Sonamura, Tripura in 1981 and joined, University of Calcutta for further studies. He did his graduation in 1985 in political science from MBB college. Billal Miah married Nasreen Sultana on 16th December 1991. They have a son, Sabbir Ahammed Belali, and a daughter, Nusrat Jahan Sultana.
Political Career
Billal Miah Joined politics in 1979, as NSUI General Secretary, Sonamura Sub division. He served as Tripura Pradesh Youth Congress President, Sonamura Sub Division in 1983, State Youth Congress secretary 1985. In 1988, from Boxanagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency), Billa Miah was elected to the Tripura Legislative Assembly. He was appointed as Minister of State for Agriculture, Fishery and Animal Resources, Planning Coordination, Flood Control. In 1991 he was appointed as Cabinet Minister for Animal Resources, Labour and Employment Statistics.
In 1998, He was again elected as MLA from Boxanagar
From 1998 to present day, the positions held by him in Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee include:
Working President of Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee.
Former President of Tripura Pradesh Youth Congress Committee
Former General Secretary of Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee
Former Vice President of Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee
Former Chairman of Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee Minority Department, 2014.
Former Sonamura District Congress President, Tripura Pradesh Congress Committee
References
1960 births
Living people
Indian National Congress politicians from Tripura
Tripura MLAs 1998–2003
Tripura MLAs 1988–1993
People from Sipahijala district |
Aboubakar Koné (born 3 July 1990) is a French footballer who plays as a attacker for Đà Nẵng.
Career
In 2014, Koné signed for English side Hereford United, but left due to them going bankrupt. In 2015, he signed for Aurillac in the French fifth tier. In 2017, he signed for French third tier club Chambly. Before the second half of 2019–20, Koné signed for Chamalières in the French fourth tier. Before the 2022 season, he signed for Vietnamese team Đà Nẵng. On 27 February 2022, he debuted for Đà Nẵng during a 2–2 draw with Sài Gòn FC.
References
External links
1990 births
Association football forwards
Canet Roussillon FC players
Championnat National players
Championnat National 2 players
Championnat National 3 players
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Vietnam
FC Aurillac Arpajon Cantal Auvergne players
FC Chamalières players
FC Chambly Oise players
French expatriate footballers
French expatriate sportspeople in England
French expatriate sportspeople in Vietnam
French footballers
Hereford United F.C. players
JA Drancy players
Living people
SHB Da Nang FC players
Southern Football League players
UJA Maccabi Paris Métropole players
V.League 1 players |
Akinlabi is a Yoruba given name and surname meaning "We have a boy". Notable people with this name include:
Given name
Akinlabi Olasunkanmi, Nigerian businessman and politician
Marvin Olawale Akinlabi Park, Spanish professional footballer
Surname
Godman Akinlabi, Nigerian pastor
Peter Akinlabi, Nigerian table tennis player
References
Yoruba-language surnames |
Dasyuris austrina is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand.
References
Larentiinae
Moths of New Zealand
Moths described in 1928
Endemic fauna of New Zealand
Taxa named by Alfred Philpott |
The Battle of Mykolaiv is a military engagement which started on the night of 26 February 2022, as part of the Kherson offensive during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Battle
During the afternoon hours of 26 February 2022, 12 Russian tanks managed to break through in Kakhovka on the Dnieper and began heading towards Mykolaiv. Vitaly Kim, the governor of Mykolaiv Oblast, stated that the city had 5 hours to prepare. Artillery and other arms had also been prepared.
By around 18:52, tanks were in the outskirts of the city and the mayor ordered citizens to stay at home and as far away from windows as possible. Shortly after, troops entered the city and a battle on the Southern Bug erupted around 10 minutes later. According to some reports, tanks "passed through the city". Russian forces had also taken over the Mykolaiv Zoo. After roughly three hours of fighting, Russian forces were driven away by Ukrainian forces, and while some Russian tanks reportedly bypassed the city, fighting continued. Extensive fighting was recorded in , on 6th Slobidska Street, and on Central Avenue.
By the early morning of 27 February, Ukrainian officials claimed that Russian forces were fully driven away from the city, with Kim posting on Telegram, "Mykolaiv is ours! Glory to Ukraine!" (Миколаїв наш! Слава Україні[!]). Some Russian soldiers were captured. The city was extensively damaged.
On 28 February, Russian troops advanced from Kherson towards Mykolaiv, reaching the city's outskirts and launching an assault at 11:00.
References
Mykolaiv
Mykolaiv |
Kay Iverson was a Danish-born Canadian ice hockey coach who led Marquette to two intercollegiate championships.
Career
Iverson followed his older brother Emil into the coaching ranks of college hockey when he became the third head coach for the program at Wisconsin in 1924. After a poor first season, the Badgers produced the team's first winning record in 1926. In the offseason, Iverson left Wisconsin and made the short trek to Milwaukee to take over at Marquette. His first recruiting class included three Canadian players; Pudge MacKenzie, Don McFadyen, and George McTeer, nicknamed "the three Macs". Those players formed the nucleus of the team and helped the Blue and Gold produce its first winning season.
McTeer left after just one year, but the other two remained. Iverson built the program around their talents and the team went nearly undefeated in 1928, winning the western intercollegiate championship after claiming the season series over Minnesota. After finishing in second place the following year, Marquette returned to the top of the field in 1930, managing to defeat Harvard during the year.
Iverson left Marquette after the second championship and doesn't appear to have continued coaching afterwards.
Head coaching record
References
External links
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Wisconsin Badgers men's ice hockey coaches
Ice hockey people from Denmark
Sportspeople from Copenhagen |
Ivan Mikhailovich Moskvin (Russian: Иван Михайлович Москвин; 28 January 1890 – 27 November 1937) was a Soviet politician and Communist Party functionary.
Biography
Early life and career
Moskvin was born into the family of an office worker. From December 1904 to 1909 he was a tutor in the city of Tver. In 1909 he graduated from the Tver Classical Gymnasium.
From 1909 to 1914 he was a student at the St. Petersburg Mining Institute and completed two and a half courses. Simultaneously from 1909 to 1914 he worked as a tutor in St. Petersburg.
Moskvin was a member of the Bolshevik faction of the RSDLP from 1911.
From 1912 to 1914 he was a member of the St. Petersburg Committee of the RSDLP. Before the First World War in 1914 he was a member of the Russian Bureau of the Central Committee of the RSDLP. From the summer of 1914 to the spring of 1916 he was a drawing technician at the Geological Committee in Petrograd. He was arrested several times during this period.
From the summer of 1916 to February 1917 he was a soil technician at the Geological Committee in Baku.
Party and state functionary
After the October Revolution he became chairman if Petrograd Railway District Committee of the RSDLP (b). From 1917 to 1919 he was a member of the Petrograd City Committee of the Russian Communist Party (b).
From 1918 to 1920 he was a member of the board, head of the accounting and distribution department of the Political Department of the Petrograd Military District, and head of the Petrograd branch of the Main Political Department of the People's Commissariat of Railways of the RSFSR.
From April to August 1921 he was head of the management department of the executive committee of the Petrograd Provincial Council. From October 1921 to May 1923 he was head of the organizational department and secretary of the Petrograd Provincial Committee of the RCP (B).
From May 1923 to March 1926 he was head of the organizational department of the North-Western Bureau of the RCP (b). Simultaneously from May 1923 to 1924 he was deputy secretary and from 1924 to March 1926, Secretary of the North-Western Bureau of the RCP (b) in Leningrad. During this period, Moskvin was a tutor and promoter of a young Nikolai Yezhov.
From March 25, 1926, to January 5, 1930, Moskvin head of the organizational and distribution department of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (b) and from January 5 to November 14, 1930, he was head of the department of distribution of administrative and economic and trade union personnel of the Central Committee of the VKP (b). Mosvkin was a participant in the party struggle against the Trotskyist-Zinoviev opposition in Leningrad alongside Ivan Kodatsky and Semyon Lobov.
From November 1930 to February 1932 he was chief of the personnel sector, deputy chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the National Economy of the Soviet Union, and head of the group for the promotion of technical knowledge. From February 1932 to March 1934 he was chief of the personnel sector, a member of the board of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry of the Soviet Union, and the head of a group for the promotion of technical knowledge.
From December 1927 he was a member of the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (b) until January 1934 and a candidate member of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party (b) until October 1932.
From March 1934 to November 1935 he was a member of the Bureau and head of the machine-building group of the Soviet Control Commission under the USSR SNK. From November 1935 to June 1937 he was head of the heavy industry group of the Commission of Soviet Control at the USSR SNK.
Arrest and death
Despite originally being an ally of Joseph Stalin, on June 14, 1937, Moskvin was arrested by the NKVD in Moscow. He was sentenced to death by the Military Board of the Supreme Court of the USSR on November 27, 1937, and shot the same day. He was buried in the Don Cemetery in Moscow.
Ivan Moskvin was posthumously rehabilitated on July 11, 1956, and reinstated in the party in the same year.
Family
Sofya Aleksandrovna Dollar (1887–1938, in her first marriage she was married to Gleb Bokiy), from the family of Narodnaya Voly revolutionaries. They adopted a daughter, Oksana Ivanovna Bokiy (1916–1938), future wife of the writer Lev Razgon.
References
1890 births
1937 deaths
Old Bolsheviks
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members
Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
People executed by the Soviet Union by firearm
Great Purge victims from Russia
Soviet rehabilitations |
The 2000–01 season was Ulster Rugby's sixth since the advent of professionalism, and their third under coach Harry Williams. They competed in the Heineken Cup and the IRFU Interprovincial Championship.
Pre-season
Williams announced in August 2000 that he would leave at the end of the season.
Players in
Clem Boyd from Bath
John Campbell
Ryan Constable from Saracens
Brad Free from Bective Rangers
Grant Henderson
Russell Nelson from Blue Bulls
Shane Stewart from Ballymena
Players out
Simon Mason to Stade Francais
Eric Miller to Leinster
Spencer Bromley to Worcester
Riaz Fredericks (released)
Joeli Veitayaki (released)
Squad
2000–01 Heineken Cup
2000-01 IRFU Interprovincial Championship
Top three teams qualify for next season's Heineken Cup.
Ulster Rugby Awards
The Ulster Rugby Awards ceremony was held on 24 May 2001. Winners were:
Ulster Rugby player of the year: Tyrone Howe
Supporters' Club player of the year: Tyrone Howe
Guinness personality of the year: Gary Longwell
Coach of the year: Willie Anderson, Dungannon RFC
Schools player of the year: Glen Telford, RBAI
Youth player of the year: Wayne Dougan, Banbridge RFC
Club of the year: Clogher Valley
PRO Award: Terry Jackson, Dungannon RFC
Dorrington B Faulkner Memorial Award: Roy McGarvey, Coleraine
References
2000-01
2000–01 in Irish rugby union
2000–01 Heineken Cup |
Sviridova () is a rural locality () in Dyakonovsky Selsoviet Rural Settlement, Oktyabrsky District, Kursk Oblast, Russia. Population:
Geography
The village is located on the Vorobzha River (a left tributary of the Seym River), 68 km from the Russia–Ukraine border, 20 km south-west of Kursk, 7 km south-west of the district center – the urban-type settlement Pryamitsyno, 5 km from the selsoviet center – Dyakonovo.
Climate
Sviridova has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb in the Köppen climate classification).
Transport
Sviridova is located 10 km from the federal route Crimea Highway (a part of the European route ), 1.5 km from the road of regional importance ("Crimea Highway" – Ivanino, part of the European route ), 5.5 km from the road (Dyakonovo – Sudzha – border with Ukraine), on the road of intermunicipal significance (38K-004 – a part of a selo Dyakonovo: 4th Okolotok), 8 km from the nearest railway station Dyakonovo (railway line Lgov I — Kursk).
The rural locality is situated 31 km from Kursk Vostochny Airport, 112 km from Belgorod International Airport and 229 km from Voronezh Peter the Great Airport.
References
Notes
Sources
Rural localities in Kursk Oblast |
Bartłomiej Eizenchart (born 23 August 2001) is a Polish professional footballer who plays as a left-back or left winger for Resovia, on loan from Górnik Zabrze.
Career statistics
Club
References
External links
2001 births
Living people
People from Łęczyca
Polish footballers
Association football defenders
Górnik Zabrze players
Puszcza Niepołomice players
GKS Bełchatów players
CWKS Resovia players
III liga players
I liga players
Poland youth international footballers |
is a slice-of-life romantic comedy manga series written and drawn by . Shogakukan serialized it through their webcomic platform from July 15, 2016, to January 31, 2020, and released it across three collected tankōbon volumes in 2017–2020
The story follows a married couple, Yuki and Kou, through short chapters depicting their everyday life. Although they are both men, they consider themselves wife and husband, and Yuki dresses like a woman. The series was well received by critics, who liked the portrayal of Yuki and Kou's romantic relationship, and found Yuki a cute and appealing character.
Premise
Otokonoko Zuma is a romantic comedy manga following a loving married couple: the soft-spoken and feminine Yuki, and the honest and quirky Kou. Although the two appear to be a heterosexual couple and consider themselves wife and husband, Yuki is a cross-dressing man. Each chapter follows a slice-of-life scenario such as Yuki and Kou meeting acquaintances or going to the cinema, but also situations arising from how Yuki is cross-dressing and how others react to him, such as when he goes to the men's public bath or uses the men's bathroom. Yuki thinks cross-dressing is embarrassing at times, but still enjoys doing it and loves making Kou happy by being cute.
Production and release
Otokonoko Zuma was written and drawn by , using a short-form, eight-page format for the chapters. It was serialized by Shogakukan on a monthly basis through their webcomic platform from July 15, 2016, to January 31, 2020, and was collected in three tankōbon volumes from 2017 to 2020 under Shogakukan's Shounen Sunday Comics imprint. The release schedule for the volumes was slower than usual for manga due to how only eight new pages were published each month, meaning it took more than a year to accumulate enough new chapters to fill a whole tankōbon volume.
Volumes
Reception
Otokonoko Zuma was critically well received, but despite this, the collected volumes only saw a very limited print run; Crystal na Yousuke described it as "unlikely" that readers would find copies in book stores and recommended reading the e-book versions.
NLab liked the series, describing it as standing out from other manga about gay romance or cross-dressing. Although the series does not discuss LGBT issues much, they did not think it felt missing, and liked seeing Yuki and Kou being happy together, and their families being accepting of them, describing it as a good portrayal of love between two married people; they highlighted the scene where Kou proposes to Yuki as appealing, with Kou treating Yuki's gender as completely irrelevant to whether he would want to marry him. Nico Nico News agreed, describing the portrayal of Yuki and Kou's relationship as heartwarming. NLab, Natalie, and Nico Nico News all found Yuki cute; Nico Nico News described him as attractive and full of what makes otokonoko characters charming, with the contrast between his gender and his appearance, and NLab appreciated how characters respect Yuki's gender and treat him as a man regardless of his femininity and how he is the wife.
References
External links
2016 webcomic debuts
2020 webcomic endings
Cross-dressing in anime and manga
Japanese comedy webcomics
LGBT in anime and manga
LGBT-related webcomics
Romance webcomics
Romantic comedy anime and manga
Webcomics in print
Shogakukan manga
Shōnen manga
Slice of life anime and manga
LGBT literature in Japan |
Solomon in Society is a 1922 American silent drama film directed by Lawrence C. Windom and starring Charles Delaney and Lillian Herlein.
Cast
William H. Strauss as I. Solomon
Brenda Moore as Rosie Solomon
Nancy Deaver as Mary Bell
Charles Delaney asFrank Wilson
Fred T. Jones as Orlando Kolin
Lillian Herlein as Mrs. Levy
Charles Brook as The Butler
References
Bibliography
Connelly, Robert B. The Silents: Silent Feature Films, 1910-36, Volume 40, Issue 2. December Press, 1998.
Munden, Kenneth White. The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States, Part 1. University of California Press, 1997.
External links
1922 films
1922 drama films
English-language films
American films
American silent feature films
American drama films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by Lawrence C. Windom |
Maria Vorontsova may refer to;
Maria Vorontsova, pediatric endocrinologist, eldest daughter of Russian President Vladimir Putin
Maria Vorontsova (botanist) |
Oyetunde is Yoruba given name and surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Given name
Mudasiru Oyetunde Hussein Nigerian politician and member of the Nigerian House of Representatives (1999-2007)
Surname
Adenike Oyetunde media personality
Yoruba-language surnames |
Oyenuga is Yoruba surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Kudus Oyenuga, English footballer
Victor Adenuga Oyenuga, Nigerian Professor Emeritus of Agricultural science and pioneer President of the Nigerian Academy of Science.
Yoruba-language surnames |
Nancy Morton was a key figure in the abolition of slavery in New Brunswick, Canada. Morton was an enslaved woman who sought to legally challenge slavery and earn her freedom in the nineteenth century by presenting a case to a court in Fredericton, New Brunswick.
Trial
In 1800, Morton appointed two lawyers to argue on her behalf in a Fredericton court that she should be granted freedom from Caleb Jones, her enslaver. Another source claims that Caleb Jones was acting on behalf of Stair Agnew, Nancy's actual enslaver. A different source claims that Stair Agnew "purchased" Morton for forty pounds in 1791, before "giving" her to Caleb Jones without transferring title.
The trial lasted one year and resulted in a divided decision that forced her to remain in enslavement. After the trial, Morton was "purchased" by William Bailey and enslaved for 15 years before "[disappearing] from history."
Trial details
Morton was represented pro bono by Ward Chipman and Samuel Denny Street. Chipman sought advice from Sampson Salter Blowers, who had fought to abolish slavery in Nova Scotia alongside Thomas Andrew Lumisden Strange. Blowers suggested to Chipman that "a formal adjudication on the legality of slavery was best avoided in favor of a series of flanking movements."
Jones was represented by five lawyers: Attorney-General Jonathan Bliss, John Murray Bliss, Thomas Wetmore, William Botsford and Charles J. Peters.
There were four judges overseeing the case: Chief Justice George Duncan Ludlow, Judge Joshua Upham, Judge Isaac Allen and Judge John Saunders. Judges Allen and Saunders sought to grant Morton freedom from enslavement, while Chief Justice Ludlow and Judge Upham sided with Jones. Judges Allen and Upham were both slave owners.
In a document from 1898 outlining the events of the trial, I. Allen Jack states that Stair Agnew initiated a fight in the courtroom over the arguments being made:Stair Agnew, at all events, with or without a cause, was do deeply offended with what was said that he seems to have fairly thirsted for blood. He first sent a challenge by John Murray Bliss, one of his counsel, to Judge Allen, and when it was, with the truest courage, declined, invited Mr. Street, who was associate counsel with Mr. Chipman, to meet him in mortal combat. The latter accepted, and he and Mr. Agnew fought, but without fatal result. They and their seconds were indicted, but the case never came to trial, the proceedings being quashed for some irregularity.Morton's lawyer Samuel Denny Street attempted to strike Jones' lawyer John Murray Bliss during the trial.
Chipman argued that slavery was not binding in New Brunswick or Nova Scotia to aid Morton's case, which he later admitted was inaccurate. In a letter to Blowers after the trial, he was grateful that no one had presented the Nova Scotian Act of 1762 for the Regulation of Servants and Slaves, writing: "In searching your laws... I found this clause, but carefully avoided mentioning it." The trial ended in February 1800. On July 18, 1800, a writ was sent to Caleb Jones confirming that "you have the body of Ann otherwise called Nancy a black woman detained in your custody."
Morton's case may have been instrumental in turning the public opinion against slavery, which was abolished in Canada in 1834.
Early life
The details of Morton's early life have not been well-documented. A document dated November 13, 1778, executed by John Johnson of Brooklyn, Long Island, New York outlines the "purchase" of a 14-year old Black girl named Nancy, who may be Nancy Morton, to inn-keeper Samuel Duffy for forty pounds. Morton then may have been "purchased" by Stair Agnew, and later Caleb Jones in Maryland, before being sent to New Brunswick in 1785. Some records claim Nancy's name to be Ann.
References
Canadian slaves
18th-century slaves
18th-century Canadian women
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown |
Christopher "Chris" Nwabuisi Ezeala (born September 19, 1995) is a German professional gridiron football defensive linemen for the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He played for the Baltimore Ravens as part of the International Player Pathway Program in 2018.
Biography
In his youth Ezeala played for the Feldkirchen Lions, München Rangers and as an adult for the Ingolstadt Dukes and the Allgäu Comets in the German Football League. He played mostly as a linebacker, but also as a defensive end and running back.
Professional career
Baltimore Ravens
For his achievements in the national league he was selected for the International Player Pathway Program in 2018 of the National Football League and trained three month at IMG Academy in Florida, where he switched to the fullback position. From there he was allocated to the Baltimore Ravens.
After he played all five preseason games of the 2018 NFL season he signed a future/reserve contract for one year. Again in the 2019 NFL preseason he played in all four games, but didn't made the 53-man final roster. Instead he was placed on the practise squad with the additional international spot. Starting the 2020 NFL season his future/reserve contract wasn't extended, which made him free agent.
Cologne Centurions
In April 2021 he was signed by the Cologne Centurions from the newly formed European League of Football. In the first game of the 2021 season Ezeala scored a touchdown before he was injured in the 3rd quarter. The Centurions lost 39:55 against the Panthers Wrocław. Due to further injuries in the defence of the centurions he played linebacker and defensive end again. After three games he was released by the team due to personal reasons.
Saskatchewan Roughriders
Also in April 2021, Ezeala was drafted in the first round of the 2021 CFL Global Draft from the Saskatchewan Roughriders in the Canadian Football League. After he left the Centurions in July, he traveled at the end of August to Regina and play on the practise squad of the Roughriders first. In the 2021 Saskatchewan Roughriders season he played in eleven games also as fullback and defensive linemen.
References
External links
CFL.ca bio
1995 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Munich
American football defensive linemen
Baltimore Ravens players
European League of Football players
German players of American football
German Football League players
German players of Canadian football
Saskatchewan Roughriders players |
What Fools Men Are is a 1922 American silent drama film directed by George Terwilliger and starring Faire Binney, Lucy Fox and Huntley Gordon.
Cast
Faire Binney as Peggy Kendricks
Lucy Fox as Ola
Joseph Striker as Ralph Demarest
Huntley Gordon as Bartley Claybourne
Florence Billings as Kate Claybourne
J. Barney Sherry as Horace Demrest
Templar Saxe as Bayard Thomas
Harry Clay Blaney as Steve O'Mally
References
Bibliography
Connelly, Robert B. The Silents: Silent Feature Films, 1910-36, Volume 40, Issue 2. December Press, 1998.
Munden, Kenneth White. The American Film Institute Catalog of Motion Pictures Produced in the United States, Part 1. University of California Press, 1997.
External links
1922 films
1922 drama films
English-language films
American films
American silent feature films
American drama films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by George Terwilliger |
Deedra Irwin (born 27 May 1992 in Pulaski, Wisconsin) is an American biathlete. She competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics, in Women's mass start, Women's relay, Women's pursuit, Women's individual, and Women's sprint.
She graduated from Michigan Technological University.
She competed at the Biathlon World Championships 2021.
References
External links
1992 births
Living people
American female biathletes
Biathletes at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic biathletes of the United States |
Division Bus Rapid Transit, also known as Division BRT, is the working name for a planned bus rapid transit line in Spokane, Washington that will extend 9 miles from Downtown Spokane to the Mead, Washington area, north of Spokane. The line will be operated by Spokane Transit Authority, with a planned launch in 2027, and will be the region's second bus rapid transit line, after the City Line, which will begin service in 2023.
The project culminates Spokane Transit's long-term planning efforts, which date back to the early 2010s, to transform the heavily-utilized, existing #25 Division bus route running along Division Street into a high performance transit (HPT) corridor. Voter passage of Spokane Transit Proposition 1 in 2016 began the first phases of the transformation, by funding interim improvements to passenger amenities, bus size, and increased service hours of the route, which have upgraded the existing route into an HPT "Lite" line within the Spokane Transit network. Full conversion into a bus rapid transit line represents the last stage of developing the route into a full HPT corridor within the STA system. Once open, the BRT line will replace the current bus service that runs along the corridor.
In April 2021, Spokane Transit Authority adopted a locally preferred alternative for the alignment, vehicular mode, and other BRT strategies. As of 2022, the corridor is in preliminary design to finalize among other things, station and termini locations. A parallel study is also being led by the Spokane Regional Transportation Council to study increased land-use density along the corridor.
History
Corridor history
As the main north-south arterial street through Spokane, North Division Street has long had a history of transit service along the corridor and has historically been home to one of the busiest bus routes in the Spokane Transit Authority system, carrying nearly one million passengers annually. However, despite the corridor's prominent role in transportation in Spokane, transit service along the corridor through the late-2010s has always been relatively basic, with sparse amenities, average frequencies, and smaller 40-foot buses.
On July 21, 2010, the Spokane Transit Authority Board of Directors adopted a new comprehensive plan for public transportation in the Spokane region. The plan, called Connect Spokane, included a section dubbed High Performance Transit (HPT), which was described as a network of corridors "providing all-day, two-way, reliable, and frequent service which offers competitive speeds to the private automobile and features improved amenities for passengers." Six HPT corridors were initially identified, with Division Street being one of them. The plan has been updated several times over the years, with a significant update to the High Performance Transit section in 2012 through 2013 as part of the agency's STA Moving Forward planning process to drastically improve and expand in the region over the long term.
High performance transit development
Work to begin developing the existing #25 Division bus route into a high performance transit line began in April 2012, when Spokane Transit's Board of Directors approved a $1.2 million grant request to the Federal Transit Administration to study ways the route could be improved to handle an increase efficiency and an increase in passengers. Early ideas included installing dedicated bus and business access lanes, traffic signal prioritization, off-board ticketing, and increasing bus frequency. The STA Board cited another desire for the study – recognizing the potential for infill development and redevelopment of land to occur along the largely-commercial Division Street, which would gradually transform it into a denser, mixed-use corridor, thereby increasing the already-high transit demand along the corridor.
The Division Street corridor is identified in the High Performance Transit (HPT) section of the Connect Spokane plan as route "F1", and is part the plan's HPT-Frequent category, which stipulates a line that provides moderate speed, with high access and frequency, focused on multi-modal first/last mile connections. The route alignment is described to run from Downtown Spokane, northward along Division Street and Newport Highway to a terminus near the city's northern border at Hawthorne Road, following the alignment of a majority of the already-present bus route along Division Street. The three-phase HPT implementation strategy for the route included near, mid, and long-term development stages, beginning with improving capacity, expanding service hours, and improving passenger amenities. Mid-term strategies for the route included enhanced vehicles, improved frequency, and additional amenities and park and rides. Long-term strategies would transition the route to electric bus rapid transit vehicles in center-running transit-only lanes.
With voter approval of Spokane Transit Proposition 1 in November 2016, Spokane Transit embarked on implementing projects identified in its STA Moving Forward initiative, which included transit improvements to the Division Street corridor. Projects would upgrade the existing Division bus route into an HPT "Lite" line, incorporating some of the near and mid-term improvements identified in F1 corridor HPT implementation strategy. Upgrades to passenger amenities such as enhanced shelters and additional sidewalks began to be implemented.
In the summer of 2017, STA took delivery of three new 60-foot articulated buses, expanding its existing fleet of articulated buses to be enable the possibility of running larger buses on its busiest routes such as Division. An additional seven articulated buses were delivered in 2018, allowing STA to run 60-foot buses on its Division route full-time.
Bus rapid transit implementation
Because STA's 2016 ballot measure only included funding to bring the Division corridor up to an HPT "Lite" service status, the timeline and funding for full transformation of the route into a bus rapid transit line remained unknown.
However, in December 2019, STA and the Spokane Regional Transportation Council began a $1 million study to evaluate how transportation and land-use along the North Division Street corridor could be transformed after the anticipated 2029 completion of the North Spokane Corridor, which is expected decrease traffic levels along Division Street. The reduction in traffic would allow the opportunity to convert existing traffic lanes along the corridor into dedicated bus lanes, as well as allow for some portions of roadway to be reclaimed for bike lanes. Through 2020 and 2021, a steering committee composed of officials from the City of Spokane, Spokane County, Washington State Department of Transportation, also participated in the study. Members of the public, landowners, and stakeholders also were given opportunities to provide feedback in online open houses.
Several options for bus traffic alignment were studied, including dedicated center-running bus lanes, dedicated side-running bus lanes, as well as business access and transit (BAT) lanes. Highly transformative options were also studied for the Division-Ruby Street couplet, located in the southern portion of the corridor. The couplet currently features four, wide traffic lanes running in each direction, which afforded the opportunity for creative proposals including converting Division and Ruby streets back into a two-way streets and installing two-way cycle tracks.
Throughout the study, general support was found for a fixed guideway bus rapid transit line on dedicated side-running Business Access and Transit (BAT) lanes. On April 15, 2021, the Spokane Transit Authority board officially approved the side-running BAT alignment option as the Locally Preferred Alternative (LPA) for bus rapid transit development along the Division Street corridor. Within the two-way mainline portion of Division Street, the adopted side-running option would convert the outer-most lane in each roadway direction into BAT lanes. In the Division-Ruby Couplet, the board adopted Side-Running Option C, which would maintain Division and Ruby in their current one-way street configurations, but add a parking lane to Division Street, and install a two-way cycle track along Ruby Street. BAT lanes would be installed in the right-most lane of Division and Ruby.
In summer 2021, STA put a request for proposals to select an engineering firm to further develop the bus rapid transit project. As of 2022, Spokane Transit will be advancing the preliminary engineering of the project, with the intent of submitting the project into the FTA Small Starts program for entry into Project Development sometime in 2023. Contingent upon funding, the line could begin construction as soon as 2025, with a 2027 launch date.
Funding
The line is projected to cost between $120 and $150 million dollars. Project funds are still unknown, however, in February 2022, the Washington State Legislature unveiled a proposed $16 billion state-wide transportation package that would include a $50 million appropriation for developing bus rapid transit along Division Street. It is also anticipated that federal funds will cover an additional $75 million toward the project.
Route
The Division BRT route will mostly follow the North Division Street corridor through Spokane, running north from Downtown and terminating north of Spokane near Mead. Studies are currently being done for the route's northern and southern termini locations. Most of the alignment will run in shared bus lanes, specifically Business Access and Transit (BAT) lanes, that will be reserved for transit vehicles but permit access to other vehicles for local business access and turning movements.
Station locations along the route are still being finalized, but early studies show stations at major arterial intersections along the route, with additional stops spaced approximately every 1/4 to 1/3 mile.
Stations
Station design has not been finalized, however, it is expected that all stations will be side-boarding, based on the adopted side-running BAT lane alignment of the Division BRT line. Early design visualizations suggest stations will be based on the same design as that of Spokane's other bus rapid transit line, the City Line, with glass windscreen and roof panels set along a curvilinear roof beam form, along with off-board ticketing kiosks, raised platforms, branding pylon, and real-time transit info displays.
Vehicles
Spokane Transit will run 60-foot, zero-emission articulated buses along the route, similar to the equipment selected for the City Line.
References
Bus transportation in Washington (state)
Bus rapid transit in Washington (state)
Transportation in Spokane, Washington
Spokane, Washington |
The Battle of Okhtyrka is a military engagement, which began on 24 February 2022, during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, as part of the Eastern Ukraine offensive. Okhtyrka (population ) is a city located near the Russia-Ukraine border in the Sumy Oblast. Fighting began in the outskirts of the city as Russian forces attempted to occupy the city. The initial advance was repelled, and the city was attacked by artillery fire. The Russian offensive has been criticized for civilian casualties and the use of cluster bombs and thermobaric weapons which may constitute war crimes.
Timeline
On February 24, Russian forces entered Sumy Oblast near Sumy, Shostka, and Okhtyrka. Fighting began at 7:30 on the outskirts of the city in the direction of Velyka Pysarivka. Russian forces could not occupy the city, and retreated the following day, leaving tanks and equipment.
On February 25, BM-27 Uragan missiles hit a pre-school in Okhtyrka. The missiles killed a child and two adults. The missiles are alleged to be cluster bombs, which Amnesty International says may constitute a war crime. It was also reported that a civilian bus was shot at by Russian forces near Okhtyrka. Dmytro Zhyvytskyi, the governor of Sumy Oblast, stated that 3 other civilians had been killed in the city.
On 26 February, two Danish journalists were wounded when their car was shot at by unknown forces.
On 27 February, Ukrainian forces allegedly destroyed Russian tanks attempting to capture the nearby town of Trostianets. The mayor of the town later stated, "Russians, Welcome to Hell! Fuck you, not Ukraine! Trostianets, and all over Ukraine! We will win!" Many civilians and Russian soldiers were killed during the day's fighting according to Zhyvytskyi.
On 28 February, Russian forces bombed and destroyed an oil depot in Okhtyrka.
On 1 March, more than 70 Ukrainian soldiers were killed after Russian forces shelled a military base in Okhtyrka, according to Zhyvytski. The attack would be the biggest single loss of life since Russian forces began their invasion. The weapons used are uncertain; some Ukrainian reports said the main building's destruction was caused by a single 9K720 Iskander ballistic missile strike, while later reports indicated three smaller missiles were used, including fuel air explosives. Besides those killed, others were trapped under the rubble.
Vacuum bomb
On February 28, Oksana Markarova, the Ukrainian ambassador to the United States, stated that Russian forces used a thermobaric (vacuum) bomb in Okhtyrka. According to a February 2000 report by Human Rights Watch, Russia had used thermobaric weapons during the Second Chechen War, and while thermobaric weapons are not banned under international humanitarian law, their wide area of effect means forces must utilize extreme caution when deploying them near population centers. Markarova claimed that the use of thermobaric weapons is in violation of the Geneva Conventions, and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy stated that it was a targeted attack against residential areas. White House Press Secretary Jen Psaki stated that while she had not seen confirmation of Russia using a thermobaric bomb, use of these weapons may constitute a war crime.
References
Okhtyrka
History of Sumy Oblast |
Odukoya is Yoruba surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Abiodun Odukoya, Nigerian-German singer
Bimbo Odukoya, Nigerian pastor and tele evangelist
Taiwo Odukoya, Nigerian pastor
Yoruba-language surnames |
XXI Corps Cavalry Regiment (21st Corps Cavalry Regiment) was a composite mounted regiment of the British Army made up from separate squadrons of Yeomanry cavalry. It served under XXI Corps Headquarters in Palestine during World War I, seeing action at the Third Battle of Gaza with the seizure of Wadi el Hesi and Junction Station, and at the Battles of Jaffa and Tell 'Asur. After reorganisation in the summer of 1918, XXI Corps participated in the Battle of Megiddo, when it broke through the Turkish lines at the Battle of Sharon, and its cavalry regiment led the pursuit up the coast of present-day Lebanon. The regiment reached Tripoli before hostilities ended.
Origin
When General Sir Edmund Allenby took over command of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) in Palestine in the Summer of 1917 he completely reorganised it. XXI Corps (21st Corps) Headquarters was formed on 12 August at Deir al-Balah, taking responsibility for the left section of the EEF's line in front of Gaza City. A cavalry regiment was formed for the corps by taking over three divisional cavalry squadrons:
XXI Corps Cavalry Regiment
Regimental Headquarters (RHQ)
A Sqn 1/1st Duke of Lancaster's Own Yeomanry (DLOY) transferred from 53rd (Welsh) Division 23 August
A Sqn 1/1st Hertfordshire Yeomanry (Herts) transferred from 54th (East Anglian) Division 26 August
C Sqn 1/1st Queen's Own Royal Glasgow Yeomanry (QORGY) transferred from 52nd (Lowland) Division 21 August
All three squadrons were from pre-war Yeomanry regiments of the Territorial Force, the British Army's part-time auxiliaries. These had recently been strengthened by the issue of Hotchkiss machine guns at a scale of one per Troop. The regiment was commanded by a Regular Army officer, Lieutenant-Colonel G.G.M. Tyrrell (5th Royal Irish Lancers), who had been adjutant of the Bedfordshire Yeomanry on the outbreak of war.
Service
Unlike on the Western Front, where trench lines precluded most mounted action, a corps cavalry regiment in the EEF had an active and varied career: A Sqn DLOY was described as being involved in 'numerous skirmishes, outpost affrays, and pursuits'. On first formation, the new regiment continued the reconnaissance patrols in front of Gaza that the three squadrons had been coordinating between them since June.
Wadi el Hesi
Arrangements for a resumption of the EEF's advance into Palestine were completed in autumn 1917 and the Third Battle of Gaza was launched on 31 October with the Capture of Beersheba. During the early operations XXI Corps fixed the enemy's attention with an artillery bombardment and holding action against Gaza. Threatened with having their line rolled up from the direction of Beersheba, the Turks evacuated Gaza on the night of 6/7 November. It was now vital for XXI Corps to pursue vigorously and capture Wadi el Hesi before the Turks could occupy the strong position there. 52nd (L) Division was brought up from corps reserve to carry this out in conjunction with the Imperial Service Cavalry Brigade (composed of Imperial Service Troops from the Princely states of India), which GHQ released to XXI Corps for the task. XXI Corps Cavalry led the two brigades: the DLOY with 157 Bde and the rest of the regiment with the IS Cavalry Bde. The going was rough, but by noon the Herts Yeomanry and QORGY squadrons had taken Beit Lahi, half way to the wadi. However, the IS Cavalry Bde had a lengthy approach march, came under fire as soon as it emerged from Gaza, and found the village and railway station of Beit Hanoun in front to be stoutly defended by Turkish machine gun detachments. The IS Cavalry Bde made contact with XXI Corps Cavalry at Beit Lahi, but was unable to take Beit Hanoun that day and withdrew to water its horses. Meanwhile, the DLOY squadron had moved with the advance guard of 52nd (L) Division (157th (Highland Light Infantry) Brigade, 264th Brigade, Royal Field Artillery and 410th (Lowland) Field Company, Royal Engineers) along the seashore under the cover of the cliffs. Their task was to cross the Wadi el Hesi near its mouth and consolidate a position on the opposite bank. The defenders here had little stomach, and the force was able to move quickly, the infantry swinging inland and establishing themselves on the crestline after dark, while the engineers developed a water supply in the bed of the wadi.
Next day (8 November), while 52nd (L) Division attacked inland (eastwards) against Sausage Ridge the IS Cavalry Bde was also ordered to advance eastwards to make contact with the Australian Mounted Division (AMD), cutting off the retreating Turks between them. The brigade left its bivouacs at 02.45 and renewed its advance on Beit Hanoun with the two squadrons of XXI Corps Cavalry leading. Once again the advance guard was held up by Turkish machine gunners in the village and an indecisive long-range action ensued. About noon, however, the enemy began to retreat. The Corps Cavalry galloped over the ridge east of the village and brought its Hotchkiss machine guns into action against the retiring Turks, shooting down the team of a 150 mm howitzer that was subsequently captured. (This incident was later pictured in The Illustrated London News.) A patrol from the Herts squadron passed between the Turkish positions and made contact with the AMD's units advancing along the Gaza–Beersheba road.
Junction Station
On 9 November XXI Corps Cavalry was placed in reserve while the IS Cavalry Bde continued the pursuit. That evening the Herts squadron was detached to act as divisional cavalry for 75th Division, which was moving on Junction Station. At 08.00 on 13 November the division advanced with 232nd Bde (accompanied by No 3 Trp Herts) on the left, and 233rd Bde (and No 1 Trp Herts) on the right. As well as its usual reconnaissance and flank guard duties, No 1 Trp had the task of keeping contact between 233rd Bde and the AMD. This flank was open and the brigade came under long range machine gun and shrapnel shellfire until the Australians began their own advance in the afternoon. The Turks later made a determined counter-attack that had to be driven back. At nightfall the division bivouacked about short of Junction Station. Next morning 234th Bde took up the advance, but No 2 Trp was unable to join it because of heavy shell and machine gun fire. It therefore joined itself to 232nd Bde, which secured the area to the south and kept in contact with the Australians. About 08.30 Junction Station, with its stores, machinery and water supply, fell unopposed into the hands of 234th Bde.
As the rest of the EEF advanced into the Judaean Hills, XXI Corps continued in the coastal plain, 54th (EA) Division coming up from Gaza to rejoin it. Once the division was in line, the Herts Sqn was switched to it, patrolling the divisional front. On 28 November No 4 Trp was sent to Ramla to deal with rioting among the population. Once XXI Corps had re-assembled it resumed its advance in late December. 54th (EA) and 75th Divisions attacked on 20–22 December during the Battle of Jaffa. The attack was made in heavy rain and many of the troops, including the cavalry regiment, were still wearing their summer uniforms. When the main attack went in on 22 December 54th (EA) Division found the enemy already in retreat. No 2 Troop of the Herts with an additional Hotchkiss gun was ordered to maintain contact with the Turks and followed them through Fajja, across the Wadi Abu Leja towards the ruined castle at Ras al-Ayn. Although suffering casualties from shellfire, the troop was able to show that the Turks had established a strong position. XXI halted along this line until the spring of 1918. Patrols continued until 28 December when XII Corps Cavalry concentrated in the rear areas.
Tell 'Asur
XXI Corps returned to the offensive in March 1918 during the Battle of Tell 'Asur, carrying out an advance of about on 12 March with 54th (EA) and 75th Divisions and the Corps Cavalry. The overwhelming British artillery in this sector ensured that the objectives were secured with light casualties. XXI Corps Cavalry was up to its establishment in men (the yeomanry had received reinforcement drafts from their 2nd Line regiments at home) but were understrength in horses. With detachments at Corps HQ, the Herts Sqn was temporarily reduced to a 21-man rifle troop, a Hotchkiss troop with all four machine gun detachments, and a pack troop providing first line transport. The corps took up a line from Arsuf on the coast into the hills, which reduced the gap between XXI and XX Corps to about that could be patrolled by XXI Corps Cavalry from a base at Aboud.
Reorganisation
Following the German Spring Offensive on the Western Front in March 1918, the EEF was obliged to send reinforcements to the British Expeditionary Force. This resulted in a long pause in operations while the EEF was reorganised. XXI Corps Cavalry Rgt was withdrawn from the line on 28 March and concentrated near Jaffa before moving to Sarona on 16 April. It introduced a 'duty squadron' system by which each squadron in turn provided orderlies at corps and divisional HQs and other tasks, leaving two squadrons ready for operations. The regiment also underwent reorganisation. After serving on the Western Front for a year, B Sqn 1/1st Herts Yeomanry had returned to Egypt in July 1917. Since then it had served as the depot squadron in the Cavalry Wing of the Imperial School of Instruction at Zeitoun. However, in May 1918 it exchanged with C Sqn QORGY in XXI Corps Cavalry Regiment (though Major Alexander Glen-Coats of the QORGY remained with XXI Corps Cavalry). Shortly after B Sqn's arrival Lt-Col Tyrrell ordered all three squadrons to remove their distinctive helmet flashes, apparently to foster a single regimental identity.
Megiddo
XXI Corps Cavalry Rgt remained at Sarona for almost five months while the EEF completed its reorganisation and prepared for an autumn offensive. XXI Corps, with five infantry divisions and a cavalry brigade, had the task of breaking through Turkish trench lines that in places were deep. However, it had overwhelming superiority in artillery. The Megiddo Offensive was launched on 19 September. During the Battle of Sharon (or Battle of Tulkarm) XXI Corps broke through and overwhelmed the right of the strong Turkish defence system from Biddya to the sea. While the other two squadrons of the corps cavalry were scattered in small detachments, two troops of A Sqn Herts were kept together. With the armoured cars of 2nd Light Armoured Motor Battery (2nd LAMB), under the command of 75th Division, they cut through and in a flanking move forced the evacuation of Et Tire, the division's objective. The squadron and 2nd LAMB then came under 60th Division as it took over the lead in the afternoon and made for Tulkarm. A Squadron Herts escorted the division's attached heavy artillery (102nd Brigade, Royal Garrison Artillery, consisting of one horsedrawn and one tractor drawn battery) as it caught up with the division.
Next day the corps began a pursuit over the Plain of Sharon, with A Sqn Herts as advance guard to 179th Bde of 60th Division as it advanced up the Nablus road, which was littered with the debris of broken-down and destroyed Turkish transport. The mounted patrols followed the Turks as they retreated from one position to another, taking prisoner many Turkish stragglers and entering 'Anebta with an abandoned German field hospital. During the night the squadron pushed a patrol further along the Nablus road until it located the Turks holding a tactically strong position. The following morning the squadron and 2nd LAMB supported 5th Australian Light Horse Brigade (5th ALH) as it advanced up the road captured Nablus. Action on XXI Corps' front then ceased while the rest of the EEF kept up the pressure on the Turks. The Official History described the part played by XXI Corps in the battle as 'one of the most overwhelmingly successful operations of the war'.
Syria
After the Battle of Sharon XXI Corps' divisions were employed on salvage work and road repair. By late September the EEF was closing in on Damascus and Allenby ordered XXI Corps to secure the coast and ports of Ottoman Syria. 7th (Indian) Division, which had already shown remarkable powers of marching, was ordered to march to Beirut along the coast road, and all three squadrons of XXI Corps Cavalry Rgt were concentrated at Acre to accompany it. On 1 October, the force was organised into three columns: Column A under the command of Lt-Col Tyrrell consisted of XXI Corps Cavalry Rgt, 2nd LAMB, and a single infantry company of 1/8th Gurkha Rifles, supported by about 550 camels of P Company, Egyptian Camel Transport Corps, carrying five days' ration. The Indian Sapper companies and Pioneer battalion followed with Column B. On 2 October the division was confronted by the Ladder of Tyre, a narrow ancient track consisting of steps cut into the cliff. There was no alternative route. Extensive engineering work would be required to make it passable for wheeled vehicles, with the danger of the whole cliff shelf falling into the sea. The task of preparing the half-mile (800 m) track took two-and-a-half days, but was successfully completed so that 2nd LAMB's armoured cars and the 60-pounder guns of 15th Heavy Bty, RGA, could get through. Even before the work was completed, XXI Corps Cavalry Rgt led its horses up the steps in single file and then rode on to Tyre on 4 October. Here the Royal Navy landed supplies for the columns. On 6 October the advanced troops secured Sidon, where further supplies were landed. A Squadron Herts and 2nd LAMB were left on internal security duties in Sidon while the rest of Column A pushed on towards Beirut under Maj Glen–Coats. Column B reached Sidon on 7 October and next day A Sqn and the armoured cars moved up quickly and caught up with the rest of the column as it approached the city. The citizens welcomed them, handing over 500 Turkish prisoners. Corps HQ was quickly established in the Deutscherhof Hotel.Falls, pp. 509–11, 602–4.
On 11 October Column A was suddenly ordered to occupy Tripoli, further on, by the evening of 13 October. This was beyond the capabilities of the infantry or the camels, so XXI Corps Cavalry (riding selected horses), 2nd LAMB and the signals detachment set off early on 12 October. The column covered on the first day and by midday on 13 October had reached Abu Halka. Here the road made a detour inland, which the armoured cars had to follow, but the cavalry took the more direct coastal track until it reached a deep, dry wadi as darkness fell. The rear squadron turned back, but the two leading squadrons descended into the wadi, leading their horses in single file, then rode through the moonlight to enter the city. They were welcomed by the citizens, who provided food and supplies. The regiment had covered some since 18 September. XXI Corps Cavalry and 2nd LAMB held Tripoli until 18 October, when the leading infantry brigade of 7th (Indian) Division arrived, followed by the camel transport the next day.Falls, pp. 605–7.
Disbandment
Hostilities in the theatre ended on 31 October when the Armistice of Mudros came into force. XXI Corps Cavalry Rgt returned to Beirut. Demobilisation of XXI Corps Cavalry Rgt began in mid-January, with precedence given to those men who had served at least four years with the EEF. However, in early February A and B Sqns Herts were selected to form part of the Army of Occupation in Turkey. They returned to Beirut in mid-April and amalgamated as a composite squadron. XXI Corps Cavalry Regiment continued to decline in numbers as demobilisation proceeded, and it was formally disbanded on 25 July 1919.
Battle Honours
XXI Corps Cavalry Regiment had no permanent existence, and the British Army did not award battle honours to sub-units, but because two squadrons of 1/1st Herts Yeomanry served together in XXI Corps Cavalry Regiment from May 1918, the parent regiment was awarded the relevant honours for actions after that date (even though B Sqn was not actually engaged at Megiddo): Megiddo, Sharon and Damascus (ie the operations in Syria), together with the Theatre Honour Palestine 1918'''.
See also
List of corps cavalry regiments of the British Army 1916–19
XXI Corps (United Kingdom)
Sinai and Palestine campaign
Footnotes
Notes
References
Maj A.F. Becke,History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 4: The Army Council, GHQs, Armies, and Corps 1914–1918, London: HM Stationery Office, 1944/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2007, ISBN 1-847347-43-6.
David L. Bullock, Allenby's War: The Palestine-Arabian Campaigns 1916–1918, London: Blandford Press, 1988, ISBN 0-7137-1869-2.
Capt Cyril Falls, History of the Great War: Military Operations, Egypt and Palestine, Vol II, From June 1917 to the End of the War, Part I, London: HM Stationery Office, 1930/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2013, ISBN 978-1-84574-951-4.
Capt Cyril Falls, History of the Great War: Military Operations, Egypt and Palestine, Vol II, From June 1917 to the End of the War, Part II, London: HM Stationery Office, 1930/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2013, ISBN 978-1-84574-950-7.
J.B.M. Frederick, Lineage Book of British Land Forces 1660–1978, Vol I, Wakefield: Microform Academic, 1984, ISBN 1-85117-007-3.
Frederick E. Gibbon, The 42nd East Lancashire Division 1914–1918, London: Country Life, 1920/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2003, ISBN 1-84342-642-0.
Brig E.A. James, British Regiments 1914–18, London: Samson Books, 1978, ISBN 0-906304-03-2/Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2001, ISBN 978-1-84342-197-9.
Monthly Army List, August 1914.
Lt-Col J.D. Sainsbury, The Hertfordshire Yeomanry: An Illustrated History' 1794–1920', Welwyn: Hertfordshire Yeomanry and Artillery Historical Trust/Hart Books, 1994, ISBN 0-948527-03-X.
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Faerschthaff (Luxembourgish: Färschthaff) is a small Farmstead and Hamlet in Contern, just south-east of Luxembourg city in Luxembourg. It is located atop the Trudlerbaach River and is within said river's valley. The Farmstead consists of 3 buildings, 2 farming buildings with a small gravel path linking them to the road and a house directly on the road. The Road itself is closed to vehicles other than tractors and the local residents and visitors of the house. Just East of the town there's a road junction which leads to another road leads towards the main road to Itzig. The Street which runs through Faershcthaff, rue de pres runs east towards Contern itself across a bridge over the Trudlerbaach and west where it becomes a gravel path after crossing the Contern/Weiler-La-Tour border. It then runs following the Trudlerbaach to Trudelmillen and beyond all the way to its mouth at Rue D'Altzingen in Syren. A school trip from the Sport Lycée of Luxembourg went to Faerschthaff.
Farming
The Farming buildings are filled with hay bales and are used as a feeding ground for cows, which are often seen in the surrounding fields. The same farmers own the fields as the buildings. The cows are used for milk only and are sold nearby in Contern itself jointly with Heederhaff Farm's produce.
References
Populated places in Luxembourg
Contern |
Shagaya is Yoruba surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Bola Shagaya, Nigerian transport mogul
John Nanzip Shagaya, Nigerian senator and former senior military officer
Sim Shagaya, Nigerian technology entrepreneur and founder of Konga.
Yoruba-language surnames |
Old Mrs. Fitzgerald is a 1939 detective novel by the British writer Anne Hocking. It was the first novel in her long-running series featuring Chief Inspector William Austen of Scotland Yard. Austen was one of a large number of investigators operating during the Golden Age of Detective Fiction.
References
Bibliography
Hubin, Allen J. 1981-1985 Supplement to Crime Fiction, 1749-1980. Garland Pub., 1988.
Reilly, John M. Twentieth Century Crime & Mystery Writers. Springer, 2015.
1939 British novels
British mystery novels
British thriller novels
British crime novels
Novels by Anne Hocking
British detective novels
Geoffrey Bles books |
David Allen Stover (born December 16, 1954) is an American politician serving as a member of the West Virginia Senate from the 9th district. Elected in November 2020, he assumed office on December 1, 2020.
Early life and education
Stover was born in Mullens, West Virginia in 1954. After graduating from Mullens High School, he attended the West Virginia University Institute of Technology and earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in education and history from Glenville State College in 1977.
Career
From 1977 to 1998, Stover worked as a public school teacher. Since 2005, he has served as a court clerk for the Wyoming County Courthouse and Jail. Stover was elected to the West Virginia Senate in November 2020 and assumed office on December 1, 2020. Stover serves as vice chair of the Senate Natural Resources Committee and Senate Interstate Cooperation Committee.
References
1954 births
Living people
People from Wyoming County, West Virginia
Glenville State College alumni
West Virginia Republicans
West Virginia state senators |
This is a list of foreign aid, including military aid and humanitarian aid, provided to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War.
List of foreign aid to Ukraine
Other
Citizens of Japan donated $17 million.
See also
2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War
International reactions to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
International sanctions during the Russo-Ukrainian War
Protests against the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Reactions to the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis
Timeline of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
War crimes in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
References
Russo-Ukrainian War
2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis
2022 controversies
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Belarus-related lists
Conflicts in Ukraine
Contributions to foreign aid by country
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Foreign relations of Belarus
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Military diplomacy
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Ongoing conflicts
Ongoing conflicts in Europe
Post-Soviet conflicts
Russo-Ukrainian War
Russia–Ukraine_military_relations
Russian and Soviet military-related lists
Russian–Ukrainian wars
Ukraine-related lists
United States foreign aid
War crimes in Ukraine
Wars involving Belarus
Wars involving Russia
Wars involving the Soviet Union
Wars involving Ukraine |
In mathematics, and in particular algebraic geometry, K-stability is an algebro-geometric stability condition for projective algebraic varieties and complex manifolds. K-stability is of particular importance for the case of Fano varieties, where it is the correct stability condition to allow the formation of moduli spaces, and where it precisely characterises the existence of Kähler–Einstein metrics.
K-stability was first defined for Fano manifolds by Gang Tian in 1997 in response to a conjecture of Shing-Tung Yau from 1993 that there should exist a stability condition which characterises the existence of a Kähler–Einstein metric on a Fano manifold. It was defined in reference to the K-energy functional previously introduced by Toshiki Mabuchi. Tian's definition of K-stability was reformulated by Simon Donaldson in 2001 in a purely algebro-geometric way.
K-stability has become an important notion in the study and classification of Fano varieties. In 2012 Xiuxiong Chen, Donaldson, and Song Sun and independently Gang Tian proved that a smooth Fano manifold is K-polystable if and only if it admits a Kähler–Einstein metric. This was later generalised to singular K-polystable Fano varieties due to the work of Berman–Boucksom–Jonsson and others. K-stability is important in constructing moduli spaces of Fano varieties, where observations going back to the original development of geometric invariant theory show that it is necessary to restrict to a class of stable objects to form good moduli. It is now known through the work of Chenyang Xu and others that there exists a projective coarse moduli space of K-polystable Fano varieties of finite type. This work relies on Caucher Birkar's proof of boundedness of Fano varieties, for which he was awarded the 2018 Fields medal. Due to the reformulations of the K-stability condition by Fujita–Li and Odaka, the K-stability of Fano varieties may be explicitly computed in practice. Which Fano varieties are K-stable is well understood in dimension one, two, and three.
Definition and characterisations
The notion of K-stability for Fano manifolds was originally specified using differential geometry by Tian, who extended the purely analytical notion of the Futaki invariant of a vector field to the case of certain normal varieties with orbifold singularities. This was later reformulated in a purely algebro-geometric form by Donaldson, but this general definition lost a direct link to the geometry of Fano varieties, instead making sense for the broader class of all projective varieties. Work of Tian shows that the Donaldson–Futaki invariant specifying the weight of the -action on the central fibre of a test configuration can be computed in terms of certain intersection numbers (corresponding to the weight of an action on the so-called CM line bundle). In the Fano case these intersection numbers, which involve the anticanonical divisor of the variety and its test configuration, can be given powerful alternative characterisations in terms of the algebraic and birational geometry of the Fano variety.
Thus in the case of Fano varieties, there are many different but equivalent characterisations of K-stability, and some of these characterisations lend themselves to explicit calculation or easier proofs of results.
In this section all definitions are stated in the generality of a -Fano variety, which is a Fano variety with ample -Cartier anticanonical divisor and at worst Kawamata log terminal (klt) singularities. The definitions of K-stability can be made for any -Gorenstein Fano variety (that is, any Fano variety where the anticanonical divisor is -Cartier), however it was proven by Odaka that every K-semistable Fano variety has at worst klt singularities, so for the purpose of studying K-stability it suffices to assume at worst klt singularities. Every definition can be extended in a straightforward way to -log Fano pairs, a pair of a klt variety X and klt divisor such that is ample and -Cartier.
Traditional definition
The definition of K-stability for a Fano manifold, or more generally a -Fano variety, can be given in many forms. The general definition of K-stability in terms of test configurations (see K-stability for more details) can be simplified if the type of test configuration one considers can be simplified. For example, in the case of toric varieties, one may always take test configurations which are also toric, and this leads to a recharacterisation of K-stability in terms of convex functions on the moment polytope of the toric variety, as was observed by Donaldson in his first paper on K-stability.
In the case of Fano manifolds, it was already implicit in the work of Tian that one may restrict to test configurations with a simplified central fibre, in that case where the central fibre is a normal variety.
In this case there exists an intersection-theoretic formula for the Donaldson–Futaki invariant of a normal test configuration for . Explicitly, one extends the test configuration to a test configuration over the complex projective line trivially at the point , one has a formula
With respect to this invariant, if is a -Fano variety, we say is
K-semistable if for any normal test configuration .
K-stable if for any normal test configuration which is not isomorphic to the trivial test configuration outside a set of codimension 2.
Uniformly K-stable if where is the -norm of the test configuration and is a uniform constant depending only on .
K-unstable if is not K-semistable.
According to the above definitions, there are implications
Uniformly K-stable K-stable K-semistable
The above definitions are not well-suited to the situation where the Fano variety has automorphisms. When the space of automorphisms is positive-dimensional , it was observed by Akito Futaki that there are certain test configurations constructed out of the automorphisms of which are "trivial" for the perspective of testing K-stability. In this case one should restrict to those test configurations which are equivariant with respect to the action of a maximal torus , and this leads to the notion of K-polystability or reduced K-stability. We say is
K-polystable if for any test configuration and equality holds precisely when is isomorphic to outside a set of codimension 2.
Reduced uniformly K-stable if where is the reduced -norm of the test configuration.
As for the case where the automorphism group is not positive-dimensional, we have implications
Reduced uniformly K-stable K-polystable K-semistable
The condition of uniform stability is a priori stronger than stability, because it assumes a uniform bound above zero for the Donaldson–Futaki invariant of the test configuration. However it turns out in the case of -Fano varieties uniform stability is actually equivalent to stability.Theorem (Liu–Xu–Zhuang):Liu, Y., Xu, C. and Zhuang, Z., 2021. Finite generation for valuations computing stability thresholds and applications to K-stability. arXiv preprint arXiv:2102.09405. (Reduced) uniform K-stability is equivalent to K-(poly)stability for -Fano varieties.Many results can be proved more easily for uniform K-stability because a uniform bound is stronger than a non-uniform bound, so often one works with this definition as opposed to the traditional K-(poly)stability. In the more general case of a polarised variety considered in the article on K-stability it is still an open and important problem to characterise how (reduced) uniform K-stability relates to K-(poly)stability.
Special test configurations
As mentioned above, sometimes the type of test configuration to be considered can be simplified. In the case of Fano varieties, a special test configuration is a test configuration such that we have a rational equivalence of divisors for some , and the central fibre is also a -Fano variety.
One may prove that given any test configuration , there exists a special test configuration such that
This implies that for the purposes of testing the K-stability of , it suffices restrict to just looking at the above definitions of K-stability for special test configurations. The fact that one may assume the central fibre of the test configuration is also Fano leads to strong links with birational geometry and the minimal model program, providing a number of alternative characterisations of K-stability described in the following sections.
The main alternative characterisation is in terms of a different notion of Ding stability, which is a variation of the K-stability condition for the Ding invariant
where one adds on the log canonical threshold of the test configuration. The Ding invariant can only be defined in the setting of Fano varieties. Using this new invariant instead of , one can define every notion of Ding stabliity exactly as above, leading to Ding (semi/poly)stability and uniform versions. The Ding invariant has better formal properties with respect to algebraic geometry than the Donaldson–Futaki invariant. It is known that when a test configuration is special, the Ding invariant agrees with the Donaldson–Futaki invariant up to a constant factor, and so for Fano varieties Ding stability is equivalent to K-stability.
Alpha invariant
The first known effective criteria to test for K-stability was developed by Tian. Originally Tian's work was designed to directly provide a criterion for the existence of a Kähler–Einstein metric on a Fano manifold, and by later work it is known that every Kähler–Einstein Fano manifold is K-polystable. Tian's original definition of the alpha invariant was analytical in nature, but can be used to verify the existence of a Kähler–Einstein metric in practice.
The alpha invariant of Tian can be defined relative to a group of automorphisms , and the alpha invariant corresponds to the concept of reduced K-stability or K-polystability above. Fix a -invariant Kähler metric on a Fano manifold. Define a special class of Kähler potentials by
Then the alpha invariant is defined by
The importance of this invariant is as follows:
Theorem: (Tian) Let be a smooth Fano manifold of dimension . If the alpha invariant then admits a -invariant Kähler–Einstein metric.
It was later observed by Odaka–Sano that the alpha invariant can be given a purely algebro-geometric definition in terms of an infimum of the log canonical threshold over all -invariant linear systems contained inside . Precisely, Demailly showedThis allows purely algebro-geometric proofs of the existence of Kähler–Einstein metrics.
Beta invariant
The beta invariant makes close contact with birational geometry. This invariant was developed by Fujita and Li in an attempt to discover a characterisation of K-stability in terms of divisors or valuations of the Fano variety . This work was inspired by earlier ideas of Ross–Thomas which attempted to describe K-stability in terms of algebraic invariants coming out of subschemes of the variety . Whilst it is not possible to show that this "slope" K-stability is equivalent to K-stability, by passing not just to divisors inside but divisors inside any birational model over , one obtains "enough" objects to accurately test for K-stability.
In particular Fujita realised that Ross–Thomas's notion of slope K-stability was limited by only integrating up to the Seshadri constant of the subscheme, where the natural divisor on the blow-up becomes ample. By contract the -invariant integrates up to the pseudoeffective threshold where the natural divisor has positive volume (since every ample divisor has positive volume, the pseudoeffective threshold goes beyond the Seshadri constant). This extra information gives Fujita and Li's valuative criterion enough information to fully characterise K-stability.
Suppose is a normal variety with -Cartier canonical divisor . One says is a divisor over if is a divisor contained inside some normal variety such that there exists a proper birational morphism (for example given by a blow up of ). One defines the log discrepancy of a divisor over as
where is the discrepancy of the divisor in the sense of birational geometry (see canonical singularity). The discrepancy of a divisor over is defined as follows. Away from the exceptional locus of the birational morphism , the canonical divisors of and agree. Therefore, their difference is given by some sum of prime divisors contained in the exceptional locus of . That is,
where . By definition and when is not one of the prime divisors in the exceptional locus. The log discrepancy of measures the singularities of the Fano variety. In particular X is Kawamata log terminal if and only if for any over .
To define the beta invariant, one also needs the a volume term. For a divisor over , define
Here the volume of a divisor measures the rate at which its space of sections grows in comparison to the expected dimension. Namely,
where .
Finally, the beta invariant was defined by Fujita and Li as
Despite the complicated definition, due to the powerful tools of birational geometry, this invariant may be explicitly computed in practice for many classes of Fano varieties where the structure of divisors in their birational models is known. This can often be achieved with the use of computational algebraic geometry or by-hand calculation.
The relevance of the -invariant is in the following characterisation of K-stability first observed (in one direction) by Fujita and Li independently.
Theorem: (Fujita–Li, Blum–Xu) A -Fano variety is K-semistable if and only if for all divisors over . Furthermore is K-stable if and only if for all divisors over .
Delta invariant
The delta invariant can be defined as a "multiplicative" version of the "additive" beta invariant. The delta invariant of a divisor over is defined by
The delta invariant of is then given by a uniform measurement of the delta invariants of all divisors over .
The delta invariant of a divisor is conceptually similar to the beta invariant, however it was observed by Fujita–Odaka that one can compute the delta invariant as a limit of "quantized" delta invariants as . The quantized delta invariants can be computed in terms of m-basis type divisors which are given by choices of bases in the fixed finite-dimensional vector space . Thus the delta invariant is generally more computable and more theoretically powerful than its predecessors, and much progress on the explicit computations of K-stability for Fano varieties, and in the theory of moduli of Fano varieties has occurred since its introduction.
Its initial importance to the theory of K-stability is captured in the following characterisation.
Theorem: (Fujita–Odaka, Blum–Xu) A -Fano variety is K-semistable if and only if . Furthermore it is uniformly K-stable if and only if .
The algebraic -invariant can make contact with the explicit analytical properties of Kähler–Einstein metrics. In particular, one may define the greatest Ricci lower bound as the supremum of all such that there exists a Kähler metric such that . This is the limit of how far one can traverse the natural continuity method to solve the Kähler–Einstein equation. If the greatest Ricci lower bound takes the value then one can complete the continuity method to derive the existence of a Kähler–Einstein metric. It turns out that precisely how far you can go along this continuity method, the greatest Ricci lower bound, is exactly given by the -invariant. That is,
In the case of toric Fano manifolds an even more geometric interpretation of the delta invariant was derived by Li. For such a toric Fano , the origin is always contained in the interior of the moment polytope . If denotes the barycentre of the polytope and denotes the point on the boundary of the polytope intersecting the ray , then Li showed that the greatest Ricci lower bound is given by the ratio . In particular the toric Fano has if and only if its barycentre is the origin. Interpreted using the delta invariant (and indeed using earlier results), one concludes that a toric Fano manifold is K-stable if and only if the barycentre of its polytope is the origin.
Existence of Kähler–Einstein metrics
From its initial introduction, the notion of K-stability has been intimately linked to the existence of Kähler–Einstein metrics on Fano manifolds. There are now many theorems which relate certain K-stability assumptions to the existence of solutions. These conjectures fall broadly under the title of the Yau–Tian–Donaldson conjecture. In the case of Fano varieties this conjecture asserts:Conjecture (Yau–Tian–Donaldson): A Fano manifold admits a Kähler–Einstein metric if and only if it is K-polystable.For Fano manifolds this conjecture was originally proposed by Yau and Tian, and a more general form was stated by Donaldson which extends beyond just the case of Fano manifolds. Nevertheless, the conjecture even in the case of Fanos has come to be known as the Yau–Tian–Donaldson conjecture. See K-stability for more discussion of the general conjecture.
In the case of Fano manifolds, the YTD conjecture admits generalisations beyond the case of smooth varieties and forms of the conjecture are now known for singular Fanos and log Fanos.
Smooth Fano varieties
The forward direction of the conjecture, that a Fano manifold with a Kähler–Einstein metric is K-polystable, was proven by Tian in his original paper when the Fano manifold has a discrete automorphism group, that is, . This direction was proven in full generality, removing the assumption that the automorphism group was discrete, by Berman.
The reverse direction of the Yau–Tian–Donaldson conjecture was first resolved in the smooth case as stated above by Chen–Donaldson–Sun, and at the same time by Tian. Chen, Donaldson, and Sun have alleged that Tian's claim to equal priority for the proof is incorrect, and they have accused him of academic misconduct. Tian has disputed their claims. Chen, Donaldson, and Sun were recognized by the American Mathematical Society's prestigious 2019 Veblen Prize as having had resolved the conjecture. The Breakthrough Prize has recognized Donaldson with the Breakthrough Prize in Mathematics and Sun with the New Horizons Breakthrough Prize, in part based upon their work with Chen on the conjecture.Theorem: If a Fano manifold is K-polystable, then it admits a Kähler–Einstein metric.The proofs of Chen–Donaldson–Sun and Tian were based on a delicate study of Gromov–Hausdorff limits of Fano manifolds with Ricci curvature bounds. More recently, a proof based on the "classical" continuity method was provided by Ved Datar and Gabor Székelyhidi, followed by a proof by Chen, Sun, and Bing Wang using the Kähler–Ricci flow.
Robert Berman, Sébastien Boucksom, and Mattias Jonsson also provided a proof from a new variational approach, which interprets K-stability in terms of Non-Archimedean geometry. Of particular interest is that the proof of Berman–Boucksom–Jonsson also applies to the case of a smooth log Fano pair, and does not use the notion of K-polystability but of uniform K-stability as introduced by Dervan and Boucksom–Hisamoto–Jonsson. It is now known that uniform K-stability is equivalent to K-stability and so BBJ's proof provides a new proof of the full YTD conjecture.
Building on the variational techniques Berman–Boucksom–Jonsson and the so-called quantized delta invariants of Fujita–Odaka, Zhang produced a short quantization-based proof of the YTD conjecture for smooth Fano manifolds.
Using other techniques entirely, Berman has also produced a proof of a YTD-type conjecture using a thermodynamic approach called uniform Gibbs stability, where a Kähler–Einstein metric is constructed through a random point process.
Singular Fano varieties and weak Kähler–Einstein metrics
The new proof of the Yau–Tian–Donaldson conjecture by Berman–Boucksom–Jonsson using variational techniques opened up the possible study of K-stability and Kähler–Einstein metrics for singular Fano varieties. The variational techniques used rely on uniform K-stability as described above.
The result of Berman that a Fano manifold admitting a Kähler–Einstein metric is K-polystable was proven in the full generality of a -log Fano pair, admitting a weak Kähler–Einstein metric. A weak Kähler–Einstein metric on a -Fano variety is a positive -current which restricts to give a smooth Kähler–Einstein metric on the smooth locus of . By requiring a compatibility with a divisor , this definition can be extended to a weak Kähler–Einstein metric on a pair .
In this generality, the reverse direction of the YTD conjecture was proven by Li–Tian–Wang in the case where the automorphism group is discrete, and in full generality by Li.Theorem (Li–Tian–Wang, Li): A -log Fano pair which is reduced uniformly K-stable admits a weak Kähler–Einstein metric.By the resolution of the finite generation conjecture by Liu–Xu–Zhuang it is known that reduced uniform K-stability is equivalent to K-polystability, so combined with Berman's result the Yau–Tian–Donaldson conjecture is true in complete generality for singular Fano varieties.Theorem (Li–Tian–Wang, Li, Berman, Liu–Xu–Zhuang): A -log Fano pair admits a weak Kähler–Einstein metric if and only if it is K-polystable.
Moduli spaces of K-stable Fano varieties
The construction of moduli spaces is a central problem in algebraic geometry. The construction of moduli of algebraic curves spurred the development of geometric invariant theory, stacks, and classification of algebraic surfaces has motivated results throughout algebraic geometry. The case of moduli spaces of canonically polarised varieties was settled using techniques arising from the minimal model program by Kollár–Shepherd-Barron leading to the so-called KSB moduli spaces of varieties of general type. A key property of varieties of general type which allow the construction of moduli is the lack of automorphisms of such varieties. This does not hold for Fano varieties, which can often have very large automorphism groups, so the minimal model program did not directly find applications to the construction of moduli of Fano varieties, and it became clear that K-stability was the correct algebro-geometric notion to allow the formation of moduli in this case. Moduli spaces of K-stable varieties are known as K-moduli.
Smooth case
In the case of smooth Fano manifolds, one may use techniques arising out of the Yau–Tian–Donaldson conjecture to construct the moduli space analytically. In particular work of Odaka and Donaldson building upon the ideas of Gromov compactness of Kähler–Einstein Fanos used in the proof of the YTD conjecture implies the existence of moduli spaces of smooth Fano Kähler–Einstein manifolds with discrete automorphism groups. These moduli spaces are Hausdorff and have at worst quotient singularities. By the YTD conjecture these are alternatively moduli spaces of smooth K-polystable Fano varieties with discrete automorphism groups. However, a Gromov–Hausdorff limit of smooth Fano Kähler–Einstein manifolds may lead to a singular -Fano variety, so the moduli spaces described by Odaka and Donaldson is not compact, a criterion that is often desirable in the formation of moduli spaces. One method of compactifying the moduli space of smooth K-polystable Fanos is to pass to a moduli space of singular K-polystable Fanos, and use algebraic geometry to prove its projectivity. The Yau–Tian–Donaldson conjecture for singular Fano varieties would give this compactification an alternative point of view as consisting of singular Fano varieties with weak Kähler–Einstein metrics.
General case
The standard algebraic technique to construct moduli spaces utilizes geometric invariant theory. Typically to apply Mumford's geometric invariant theory to construct moduli, one must embed a family of varieties inside a fixed finite-dimensional projective space. Such a family then defines a locus of points in the corresponding Hilbert scheme of the projective space, which is a projective scheme on which the group of projective automorphisms act. GIT stability with respect to this linearisation is called Hilbert stability. If this locus forms an open set, then GIT may be used to construct a quotient which parametrises these objects. In good circumstances this quotient may be proper and projective.
It is not always possible to embed a family of varieties inside a fixed projective space and therefore describe their moduli with geometric invariant theory, and this special property is called boundedness. A fundamental property of Fano varieties is that they fail to be bounded, and thus their stability cannot be reasonably captured by any finite-dimensional geometric invariant theory. This explains why K-stability requires one to consider test configurations for which the relatively ample line bundle can correspond to some power for arbitrarily large. However, results of Caucher Birkar showed that certain families of Fano varieties with volume bounded below form bounded families, which suggests that it may be possible to study stability of volume-bounded families of Fano varieties to form moduli spaces. For this work Birkar was awarded the Fields Medal in 2018.
It was proven by Jiang that K-semistable -Fano varieties with volume bounded below form a bounded family. Thus for a given volume there exists a uniform integer such that every K-semistable -Fano with anticanonical volume larger than or equal to admits an embedding inside the fixed projective space . The openness of this locus of K-semistable Fanos was proven by Blum–Liu–Xu and Xu. This implies the existence of an Artin stack of finite type denoted parametrising K-semistable -Fano varieties with volume bounded below by .
In order to find a genuine moduli space as a projective variety or scheme, one must prove certain properties about S-completeness and -reductivity of K-semistable Fanos inside the stack . Using properties of K-polystability, these properties of the moduli stack are true and there exists a coarse moduli space for the stack which parametrises K-polystable -Fano varieties with volume bounded below by . It was proven that is proper and that the CM-line bundle is ample, meaning the coarse moduli space is also projective. The existence result for K-moduli can be summarised in the following theorem.Theorem: There exists a separated, proper, projective, good moduli space parametrising -dimensional K-polystable -Fano varieties with anticanonical volume bounded below by .The construction of the moduli space of K-polystable Fanos can be generalised to the setting of log Fano varieties. The case of singular -Fano varieties which are smoothable (that is they are limits of algebraic families of smooth K-polystable Fano manifolds) was solved earlier by Li–Wang–Xu using a combination of analytic techniques, also relying on the earlier work of Odaka, Donaldson, and Codogni–Patakfalvi. There the coarse moduli space is shown to be a scheme, but in general the existence results for K-moduli only guarantee the existence of an algebraic space.
Explicit K-stability of Fano varieties
The explicit study of K-stable Fano varieties precedes the algebraic notion of K-stability, and in low dimensions was of interest purely due to the study of Kähler–Einstein manifolds. For example, either by explicit construction or the use the Tian's alpha invariant, all smooth Kähler–Einstein manifolds of dimension 1 and 2 were known before the definition of K-stability was introduced. In dimension 3 and higher explicit constructions of Kähler–Einstein metrics become more difficult, but advances arising out of the algebraic study of K-stability have enabled explicit computations of K-polystable Fano threefolds and certain families of higher dimensional varieties, and subsequently the discovery of new Kähler–Einstein manifolds.
Dimension 1
In dimension one there is a unique smooth Fano variety, the complex projective line . This variety is easily seen to be K-stable due to the existence of the Fubini–Study metric, which is a Kähler–Einstein metric, implying the K-polystability of .
A purely algebro-geometric proof of the K-stability of smooth Riemann surfaces follows from the work of Ross–Thomas on slope K-stability, which is equivalent to K-stability in dimension one. In this case one may construct test configurations out of collections of points on the curve, and when the curve is smooth no points destabilise.
Dimension 2
In dimension two the spaces which admit Kähler–Einstein metrics were classified by Tian. There are 10 deformation families of smooth Fano varieties in dimension two, the del Pezzo surfaces. Using the alpha invariant, Tian showed that a smooth Fano surface admits a Kähler–Einstein metric and is K-polystable if and only if it is not the blow up of the complex projective plane in one or two points. Thus 8 out of these 10 classes consist of K-polystable Fano surfaces.
The K-moduli of Fano surfaces were studied in explicit examples by Tian and Mabuchi–Mukai. Explicit constructions of compact moduli spaces of Kähler–Einstein Fano surfaces were achieved by Odaka–Spotti–Sun. These spaces were constructed as Gromov–Hausdorff compactifications but were identified with explicit algebraic spaces of log Fano surfaces.
For example, it is proven by Odaka–Spotti–Sun that the compact moduli space of smoothable Kähler–Einstein surfaces of degree four is given by the weighted projective space with the smooth Kähler–Einstein surfaces of degree four corresponding to the locus where is an ample divisor consisting of those points satisfying the equation .
Dimension 3
In dimension 3 purely algebraic techniques can be used to find examples of K-stable Fano varieties which are not a priori known to admit Kähler–Einstein metrics. The Iskovskikh–Mori–Mukai classification of smooth Fano threefolds provides a natural way of breaking down the problem of studying K-stable Fano threefolds into its components. It is known that there are 105 deformation families of smooth Fano threefolds, and explicit computations using Fujita–Li's beta invariant and Fujita–Odaka's delta invariant can be used to determine which deformation families contain smooth representatives.
For every deformation family it is known whether the generic element of the family is K-(poly)stable. In particular it is known that 78 out of 105 families contain a K-polystable representative in their deformation class. For 71 out of 105 families, it is known for every single member of the deformation class whether or not it is K-polystable. For many examples of the 105 deformation families, the K-stability of representative threefolds can be interpreted in terms of a natural GIT problem which describes that family, and so explicit examples of K-moduli of Fano threefolds can also be found as GIT quotients.
For some classes of Fano threefolds the classification problem remains open. For example, it is known that the Mukai–Umemura threefold in the deformation class admits a Kähler–Einstein metric and is therefore K-polystable by work of Donaldson, who computed Tian's alpha invariant explicitly using the criterion above. This manifold has non-discrete automorphism group and which nearby deformations of are also K-polystable is not known. It is conjectured that the deformations corresponding to GIT-polystable points within the versal deformation space of should correspond to nearby K-polystable varieties.
Higher dimensions
The first and simplest example of a K-polystable Fano manifold in any dimension is complex projective space, which always admits the Fubini–Study metric which is Kähler–Einstein in any dimension and therefore all projective spaces are K-polystable.
In general there are not many such "obvious" Kähler–Einstein metrics in higher dimensions, and one must use recent techniques of stability to find examples. For certain families of Fano varieties, K-stability can be proved in higher dimensions using either analytic techniques through the alpha invariant or purely algebro-geometric techniques with the beta or delta invariants. As an example, a Fermat hypersurface is a variety of the formThese hypersurfaces are smooth Fano manifolds with discrete automorphism group for , and it was proven by Tian using the alpha invariant that implying admits a Kähler–Einstein for , and using more detailed arguments Tian proved the existence of a Kähler–Einstein metric when . On the other hand, using the delta invariant Zhuang gave a completely algebraic proof that is K-stable for and therefore admits a Kähler–Einstein metric in these cases. Using the openness results for uniform K-stability and K-semistability, one can conclude from this that the generic smooth hypersurface of degree inside is K-stable. In some cases it is in fact known that all degree hypersurfaces are K-stable, such as all smooth hypersurfaces in .
In addition to the study of particular Fano varieties, in certain settings K-moduli may be explicitly described in higher dimensions. For example, when the K-moduli admits an "obvious" GIT interpretation, the algebraic tools of beta or delta invariants can be used to verify that GIT stability is equivalent to K-stability for that particular problem. For example, Liu showed that for cubic fourfold hypersurfaces in , the GIT moduli space of (possibly singular) cubic fourfolds is isomorphic to the K-moduli space, and thus one obtains an explicit description of the K-stable, K-polystable, and K-semistable cubic fourfolds in terms of their GIT stability and singularity structure. In particular every smooth cubic fourfold is K-stable.
References
Notes
Algebraic geometry |
Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) () was a government ministry in Saudi Arabia responsible for overseeing tertiary education in the country. Established in 1975, it was disbanded and subsequently merged into the Ministry of Education in 2015 following a royal decree issued by the newly crowned monarch, King Salman.
History
The Ministry of Higher Education was established in accordance with the Royal Decree No. 1/236 dated 8/5/1395 Hijri (corresponding to 19/05/1975) issued by the newly ascended monarch, King Khalid. The ministry was responsible to look after the growing higher education sector in Saudi Arabia. By the late 2000s, calls were being made within the Saudi academic circles asking for the ministry to be merged with the Ministry of Education. On 29 January 2015, the newly crowned King Salman approved the long-awaited demand and issued a royal decree that instructed the ministry to be merged with Ministry of Education. Khalid bin Abdullah Al-Sabti was the last minister to hold the position.
See also
Khalid Al Angari
References
Education in Saudi Arabia |
Mariana Savka, also spelled Maryana Savka (born February 21, 1973, in Kopychyntsi) is a Ukrainian poet, children's writer, translator and a publisher. In 2003 she was awarded the Vasyl Stus Prize.
Early life and education
Mariana Savka was born on 21 February 1973 in Kopychyntsi. Her father, Orest Savka, was a theater director and an activist. Mariana holds a degree in Ukrainian studies from the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv. During her studies, she co-created an all-female literary group ММЮННА ТУГА with Marianna Kiyanovska, Natalka Sniadanko and others. She also studied at a theatre drama studio in Lviv.
Career
She worked as a researcher at the Stefanyk National Science Library which led to her publishing a work on Ukrainian emigrant press in the First Czechoslovak Republic. In the 1990s she also contributed to the literature section of the Postup daily. In 2001 she founded with her husband a publishing house called Vydavnytstvo Staroho Leva ("Old Lion’s Publishing House") which initially focused on children's and young adult literature, then expanded into literature for adults. She is the editor-in-chief of the company.
She debuted in 1995 with poetry book Оголені русла. Her works have appeared in various newspapers and magazines, such as Suchasnist`, Svitovyd, Kuryer Kryvbasu, Chetver, and the Ukrainian Quarterly, and have been featured in anthologies, including Метаморфози. Десять найкращих українських поетів останніх десятих років (Metamorphoses. Top Ten Ukrainian Poets of the Last Decade). Her works have been translated into seven languages including English, Russian and Polish. Apart from writing, Savka is also a composer and a singer in Maryanychi Trio, for which she has written over 30 songs. She also works as a translator.
Savka is s a member of PEN Ukraine and of the Council of the Center for the Study of Literature for Children and Youth. She serves as the United Nations Development Programme Tolerance Ambassador in Ukraine and is the vice-president of the Big Hedgehog literary prize: the first non-governmental literary award in Ukraine dedicated to honoring authors of books for children and youth.
In 1998, Savka won in the Fackel literature competition and in 2003 she was awarded the Vasyl Stus Prize.
Publications
For children
Чи є в бабуїна бабуся? (Does the Baboon Have a Grandma?), 2003
Лапи і хвости (Paws and Tails), 2005
Казка про Старого Лева (Fairy Tale about an Old Lion), 2011
Босоніжки для стоніжки (Sandals for the Centipede), 2015
На болоті (At the Swamp), 2015
Тихі віршики на зиму (Silent Poems for Winter), 2015
For adults
Оголені русла (Bare Channels), 1995
Малюнки на камені (Paintings on the Stone), 1998
Гірка мандрагора (Bitter Mandrake), 2002
Кохання і війна (Love and War), 2002
Квіти цмину (Strawflowers), 2006
Бостон-джаз: візії та вірші (Boston-Jazz: Visions and Poems), 2008
Тінь риби (Shadow of Fish), 2010
Пора плодів і квітів (Time of Fruit and Flowers), 2013
Листи з Литви / Листи зі Львова (Letters from Lithuania / Letters from Lviv), 2016
Колисанки і дрімливі вірші (Lullabies and Somnolent Poems), 2017
References
Ukrainian translators
Ukrainian women poets
21st-century Ukrainian women writers
Ukrainian children's writers
Ukrainian publishers (people)
University of Lviv alumni
People from Kopychyntsi
1973 births
Living people |
Polona Klemenčič (born 16 April 1997) is an Slovenian biathlete. She competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics, in Mixed relay, Women's pursuit, Women's individual, and Women's sprint.
She competed at the Biathlon World Championships 2019, Biathlon World Championships 2020, and Biathlon World Championships 2021.
References
External links
1997 births
Living people
Slovenian female biathletes
Place of birth missing (living people)
Olympic biathletes of Slovenia
Biathletes at the 2022 Winter Olympics |
Three naval vessels of the Soviet Union have been named Zheleznyakov, after Anatoli Zhelezniakov:
, a .
, a .
, a , still active with the Black Sea Fleet.
Russian Navy ship names |
Maria Sergeevna Vorontsova (; born 1979) is a Russian-born botanist, specializing in the taxonomy of Poaceae (grasses). She was responsible for authoring the taxon for Solanum agnewiorum and Solanum umtuma. She is a member of the Accelerated Taxonomy department at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. She is one of the co-authors and maintainers of GrassBase, and is an editor of the journal, Phytotaxa.
In 2010, she identified a new species of Africa spiny aubergine, Solanum ruvu, which had been collected only once in the wild ten years earlier. A subsequent expedition failed to locate it, and it is now believed to be extinct due to deforestation.
Publications
References
External links
• Biography on Kew Science
1979 births
21st-century botanists
21st-century women scientists
Living people
Russian botanists
Russian women botanists
Women botanists
Botanists active in Kew Gardens |
Frederick Baldwin may refer to:
Frederick Walker Baldwin, hydrofoil and aviation pioneer and partner of the inventor Alexander Graham Bell
Frederick W. Baldwin (Vermont politician), Vermont attorney, businessman, historian, author and politician
Frederick C. Baldwin, American photographer |
Tereza Voborníková (born 31 May 2000) is a Czech biathlete. She competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics in the Women's pursuit, Women's individual, and Women's sprint.
She competed at the Biathlon Junior World Championships 2019, Biathlon Junior World Championships 2022, and 2020–21 Biathlon IBU Cup.
References
External links
Tereza Vobornikova of Team Czech Republic reacts during Women's Lars Baron - Getty Images
2000 births
Living people
Olympic biathletes of the Czech Republic
Biathletes at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Czech female biathletes |
Mitchell Salem Fisher (1903/1904–1990) was a rabbi who resigned from his active rabbinic position in 1930 because of what he described as "institutional restraint" and a separation between preachers and issues in the world. After his resignation, Fisher became a lawyer with a specialization in marriage law. He worked for the Anti-Nazi League in opposition to the German American Bund, served as counsel to the New York Board of Rabbis, and played a significant role in the development of family law in New York.
Early life and education
Mitchell Salem Fisher was born in 1903 or 1904. Fisher attended the Jewish Institute of Religion.
Career
As a rabbi
From 1925 to 1928, Fisher was rabbi of Temple Israel. In 1928 he became acting rabbi at Rodeph Shalom, and in 1930 supervised the congregation's move into a new synagogue building.
As a rabbi, Fisher described Prohibition as a "national curse". He supported the Socialist Party of America and its presidential candidate Norman Thomas.
In April 1930, one month after the 1930 move, Fisher resigned, citing a desire to speak strongly about issues "without immediate institutional restraint". In his letter of resignation, he criticized the position of rabbi as "an exalted lecturer, entertainer and institution promotion agent". While stating that he expected other rabbis to "boldly assert upon learning of this letter that they are free", Fisher asserted that "with very, very few exceptions none of them is the possessor of effective freedom. And those few who have won their fight to such freedom usually have done so outside of the conventional paths of rabbinical success."
In response to Fisher's resignation, The American Hebrew described his disillusionment as discouraging and stated that "If the modern synagogue shackles a Rabbi’s idealism so that the ideals he preaches become patently and utterly vain our lay leaders ought to know it and ascertain the reasons why."
As a lawyer
After his resignation, Fisher attended Columbia Law School, graduating in 1933 and becoming a lawyer. He began working for the Anti-Nazi League, which opposed the German American Bund, promoted a boycott of German goods in the years prior to World War II, and later successfully infiltrated and exposed the Ku Klux Klan. He additionally served as counsel to the New York Board of Rabbis. Specializing in marriage law, Fisher helped to draft much of the family law for New York.
Publications
In 1973, Reconstructionist Press published a book by Fisher titled Rebel, O Jews! And Other Prayers. One poem from the book, titled "Prayer for a Disturbed Sabbath", was adapted and used in the Mishkan T'filah.
Later life and death
Fisher died on March 19, 1990, at the Home for the Jewish Aging in Ewing, New Jersey. He was 86 years old when he died, with three living children, eight grandchildren, and one great-grandchild.
See also
Abraham Feinberg
References
20th-century rabbis
American rabbis
21st-century American lawyers
Columbia Law School alumni
1990 deaths
1900s births |
Troy Moss Smith (born June 29, 1965) is an American politician and businessman serving as a member of the Mississippi House of Representatives from the 84th district. He assumed office on January 7, 2020.
Education
Smith graduated from Quitman High School in Quitman, Mississippi and attended Jones County Junior College.
Career
Outside of politics, Smith owns Long's Fish Camp, a seafood restaurant in Enterprise, Clarke County, Mississippi. He also represented the third district on the Clark County Board of Supervisors. He was elected to the Mississippi House of Representatives in January 2020.
References
1965 births
People from Quitman, Mississippi
People from Clarke County, Mississippi
Mississippi Republicans
Members of the Mississippi House of Representatives
Living people |
The MV Namura Queen is a Japanese-owned bulk carrier cargo ship under the Panamanian flag registry.
Characteristics
The Namura Queen is a Panamax-sized bulk carrier. Its crew consists of twenty people, all of whom are Filipino. It has a gross tonnage of 47,146 tons and a carrying capacity of 85,065 tons. It is long, wide, and has a draught of . The ship has seven holds for storing the grain it transports. It is propelled by a single fixed pitch propeller powered by a diesel engine creating .
History
On 25 February 2022, the Namura Queen departed from Porto Torres, Italy, and went underway to the Ukrainian port city of Yuzhne to receive a shipment of grain. While in transit in the Black Sea, the cargo ship was struck on its stern side by ordnance fired from a Russian warship participating in the invasion of Ukraine. The explosion caused a fire to start on the ship, and one of the twenty crew received a slight injury to their shoulder. The Namura Queen was able to continue under its own propulsion, but it was assisted to a port in Istanbul, Turkey, by the Ukrainian tug PO Star.
See also
References
2020 ships
Maritime incidents in 2022
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Russo-Ukrainian War
Bulk carriers
Ships built in Japan
Merchant ships of Japan |
Between 1806 and 1864, several people have nominally or effectively stood out as the leader of Circassia.
History
Background
Circassia was traditionally divided into tribal regions. In 1807, Shuwpagwe Qalawebateqo self-proclaimed himself as the leader of the Circassian confederation, and divided Circassia into 12 major regions. In 1827, Ismail Berzeg officially declared the military confederation of the Circassian tribes. By the end of 1839, he managed to unite a significant part of the population under his control. In in 1839, the Circassians declared Bighuqal (Anapa) as their new capital and Hawduqo Mansur was declared the leader of the Circassian Confederation. He kept this title until his death.
In 1848, ambassadors came to Imam Shamil from the Abdzakh, one of the Circassian regions. They asked to be given a naib to be introduced to Islam properly and unite the peoples under the banner of the Imamate. Imam Shamil agreed to send Muhammad Amin in order to lead their struggle against the expansion of Russia. After learning that a warriorly scholar has arrived, thousands of families moved to the Abdzakh region to accept his rule.
The Russians, worried about Amin's rise strengthening Circassia, supported the opposition via food and arms supplies and financial support, as well as promises of high ranks as long as they topple Amin and submit Circassia to Russia. Despite the ongoing Russo-Circassian War, the opposition accepted these proposals. A significant part of the population began to ignore the Naib's orders, causing the administrative system of Circassia to collapse. The Russian military, making use of the turmoil, quickly annexed the Abdzakh region, but did not keep any of the promises given to the Abdzakh opposition leaders. After the annexation of the region, most Abdzakh Circassians were forced to a death march in the winter as part of the Circassian genocide. Seferbiy Zaneqo assumed power after Amin's departure, but died the next year. In 1860, Qerandiqo Berzeg was elected as the leader of Circassia.
List
References
Circassian nobility |
Bolaji is Yoruba given name and surname meaning "Wakes with wealth". Notable people with the surname include:
Given name
Bolaji Abdullahi, Nigerian politician
Bolaji Akinyemi, Nigerian professor of political science who was has been Nigeria External Affairs Minister since 1985
Bolaji Alonge, Nigerian photographer and actor
Bolaji Aluko, Nigerian academic
Bolaji Amusan, Nigerian actor
Bolaji Ayinla, Nigerian politician
Bolaji Badejo, Nigerian visual artist and actor
Bolaji Dada, Nigerian politician
Bolaji Idowu, Nigerian cleric
Bolaji Odofin, Nigerian playwright
Bolaji Ogunmola, Nigerian actress
Bolaji Owasanoye, Nigerian lawyer, human rights activist and chairman of Independent Corrupt Practices Commission
Bolaji Ramos, Nigerian writer
Bolaji Sakin, Nigerian football
Surname
Adebayo Bolaji, Nigerian painter, actor, writer and director
Omoseye Bolaji, Nigerian writer
References
Yoruba-language surnames |
Carl Ray "C. J." Richardson, Jr. (born June 10, 1972) is a former American football defensive back who played with the Arizona Cardinals and the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League. He played college football at the University of Miami.
High school career
Richardson played both baseball and football at H. Grady Spruce High School in Dallas. He earned all-state and all-American honors in football in 1989 and 1990.
College career
Richardson originally intended to play both baseball and football at the University of Miami, but was forced to focus on football after having to battle for a starting spot at safety on the Hurricanes football team. He played three seasons with the Hurricanes from 1992–1994, being named an All-American at the end of his 1994 season.
He received a bachelor's degree in criminal justice from the university in 1995.
NFL career
The Houston Oilers drafted Richardson in the seventh round of the 1995 NFL Draft, with the 211th pick overall. He was then traded to the Arizona Cardinals, with which he played one game in the 1995 season. After not appearing in any NFL games in 1996, Richardson joined the Seattle Seahawks. He played 14 games with the Seahawks during their 1997 season.
Richardson retired in 1998 following multiple severe arm injuries.
Life after football
Richardson is currently the head football coach and athletic coordinator at H. Grady Spruce High School. He has two children, Carl III and Krystal.
References |
Fritz Schulte (28 July 1890 - 10 May 1943: sometimes identified in contemporary sources by his later party code name as Fritz Schweizer) was a prominent and increasingly influential member of the German Communist Party leadership team between 1922 and 1934. He represented a Düsseldorf electoral district as a member of the Reichstag (German parliament) between 1930 and the abolition of democracy three years later. As a well-known communist leader, he was forced to flee the country, and in December 1934 ended up in Moscow. Like many left-wing political refugees from Hitler's Germany, during the years that followed he fell foul of the Soviet dictator's intensifying paranoia. He died as an inmate of a Soviet labour camp, almost certainly as a result of torture suffered during the course of a long succession of questioning sessions conducted by the Soviet security service. After the war ended he was scapegoated by the party leadership in the Soviet sponsored German Democratic Republic (East Germany), following East Germany's launch in October 1949. It was said that as a member of the Communist Party leadership before 1933 he had been responsible for allowing the National Socialists to take power because he had fomented bitter division between the Communist Party and the centre-left Social Democratic Party. After 1945 the need for the political left to remain united emerged as a central tenet of the new political establishment in East Germany. Mainstream commentators nevertheless agree that the blame for the bitter feuding on the political left in Germany before 1933 should more properly be imputed to the Communist Party leader of that time, Ernst Thälmann, who had for many years taken his lead from Stalin in condemning the Social Democrats as "Social Fascists" and refusing, in defiance of the more nuanced strategic perceptions of comrades, to contemplate any sort of political alliance or other arrangement with them. Thälmann had been shot in response to a personal order from Adolf Hitler, after eleven years as an inmate of successive prisons and concentration camps, on 18 August 1944. The East German party leadership had cast Thälmann as a heroic martyr figure: there could be no question of blaming either Thälmann or Stalin (who remained alive and very much in power till 1953) for the feuding on the political left in Germany during the 1920s and early 1930s.
Life
Provenance and early years
Fritz Schulte was born in Hüsten during the high period of Wilhelmine Germany. Hüsten was a small industrial town set in the countryside to the east of Dortmund which had been dominated since the 1840s by a single enterprise, the "Hüstener Gewerkschaft" (a large steel mill). His father was a factory worker. The family was powerfully Roman Catholic, and Fritz Schulte is reported to have served for a number of years as a youthful official with Catholic youth organisations, although by the time he grew up he was describing himself as "religionslos" or a "Dissident", indicating subsequent rejection of organised religion. Schulte attended school locally and then moved some 50 miles to the west of Dortmund, to Düsseldorf, where he took unskilled factory work between 1904 and 1912, before going on to work at a Bayer chemicals plant in nearby Leverkusen.
Communist Party
Schulte was politicised by his experiences of the First World War, which broke out in July 1914 and lasted for more than four years. He fought as a soldier in the German army. When he returned home he joined the Independent Social Democratic Party ("Unabhängige Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands" / USPD) which had broken away from the mainstream Social Democratic Party a couple of years earlier as a result of intensifying dissent among party members over the leadership decision back in 1914 to vote in favour of war funding measures. After the Communist Party of Germany was founded at the end of 1918 Schulte initially opposed proposals that the USPD should merge with it, but as the USPD splintered apart he was one of many comrades who had a change of heart. However, during 1920 he was appalled at the way in which many industrial workers in Leverkusen were being treated: this drove him, in December 1920, to cross over to the Communist Party. Over the next few years he took on a succession of administrative posts in it.
At the Bayer plant he became the Works Council chairman. In 1921 he was expelled from the "Fabrikarbeiterverband" (trades union) in the context of a major strike at the plant, and after speaking out in support of the political split within the union which took place shortly afterwards. Schulte himself emerged as a leading figure within the radical left wing break-away group, becoming in 1922 full-time secretary of the new - Communist Party oriented - trades union that had resulted from the split. During 1923 he spent three months in Berlin as a trainee in the party's trades unions department. Then, till 1925, he worked for the party local group in Leverkusen-Wiesdorf, first as an "Organisationsleiter" and then, in the more influential position of a "Polleiter" (loosely, "policy leader"). As "Polleiter" Schulte acquired a reputation as a particularly aggressive advocate of communist doctrine, acquiring among comrades in the region the soubriquet "the Noske of the Lower Rhine". He was also a member of the Unterbezirksleitung (sub-district leadership team) for the party in the Solingen region. Through the 1920s the Communist Party remained fractious, and it may have been in part a reflection of his early hesitancy about joining the party at its launch that Schulte was regarded as a representative of the party's right wing. In 1923 he was reportedly talking about "the idiot Thälmann" which cannot have endeared him to his (sometime) political mentor the man who emerged after a few more years of splits and divisions as the party leader. In 1924 he was still reading the (illegal) pamphlets circulated by the party's "Brandler faction". However, during 1924, possibly in response to a more general shift in mood within the party, he made his own decisive switch to the Communist Party's increasingly powerful left wing. Later that year he was accepted as a member of the "Bezirksleitung Niederrehin" party leadership team for the entire Lower Rhine region. Within the team, in July 1925 he became "Secretary for Communal Policy" and then "Secretary for Agitation and Propaganda", a role to which the Communist Party - taking its leader from the Communist Party of the Soviet Union - attached great importance. Further appointments included that of "Organisationsleiter" in May 1926 and in 1927 of "Polleiter", again in respect of the entire Lower Rhine region. Schulte was for a short time replaced in the role by Lex Ende, apparently in order to that he might be made more available for national party functions.
At the Communist Party's eleventh party congress, held in Essen during the first week of March 1927, Schulte was elected to the Party Central Committee. By this time he had already been a deputy member of the Prussian State Council, the upper, indirectly elected, house of the Prussian parliament, since February 1926. Between 1928 and his resignation from it in 1930 he served, in addition, as a full member of the Landtag of Prussia, the more directly elected lower house. In 1928, during July/August, he spent a month on Moscow attending a course organised by the party. During 1928/29 he also held an important trades union position as a member of the national committee of the "Revolutionäre Gewerkschafts Opposition" (RGO), the slightly shadowy parallel German trades union confederation with close links both to the German Communist Party and to Moscow which never quite achieved the traction with German workers that its backers had hoped. Between July 1932 and 1933, possibly at the suggestion of party leader Ernst Thälmann, Schulte served as the official national leader of the RGO in succession to Franz Dahlem.
In September 1930 Schulte was elected to membership of the Reichstag (German parliament), representing Electoral District 22 (Düsseldorf-East). He was re-elected in the General Election of July 1932 and again in that of November 1932. with the difference that after each of the 1932 elections he sat as a member representing Electoral District 23 (Düsseldorf-West). The period was one of parliamentary deadlock during most of which the principal extremist parties held more than 50% of the seats. Since neither the leaders of the Communist Party nor of the National Socialist Party had any particular commitment to parliamentary democracy they refused to work either with each other or with members of the more moderate parties. To the extent that government enacted any legislative changes at all, it did so by emergency decree. Sources are silent as to what, if anything, Fritz Schulte contributed as a member of the Reichstag.
Schulte remained engaged in the internal politics of the Communist Party from his "Lower Rhine" power base, irrespective of any parliamentary or other political duties in Berlin. In the aftermath of the Wittorf scandal he stepped forward as leader of the party's left-wingers, in opposition to the so-called compromisers. "Regional Polleiter" Lex Ende, who was seen as having ended up on the wrong side of the relevant moral arguments, was removed from his regional leadership post to which, in November 1928, Schulte was restored. An indication that he remained at this stage influential in the national party came at the twelfth party congress, which took place at Berlin-Wedding during June 1929. Schulte was re-elected to the Party Central Committee and also, this time, elected to membership of the central committee's inner caucus, the Politburo. From now on, however, the Comintern and the Soviet party Moscow began to take an increasingly hands-on approach to its German sister party. Ernst Thälmann's poor judgement in respect of the Wittorf scandal had left him exposed to criticism from comrades in the upper echelons of the German party. In the event, however, Wittorf was almost immediately purged from party agendas. Thälmann's leadership became more secure than ever, due to the powerfully supportive currents created by Stalin's backing. But Thälmann was no longer his own man, while those who had been critical of his involvement in the Wittorf affair, among whom Fritz Schulte was prominently undiplomatic, found themselves being distanced from party decision making. At the next party congress, held under conditions of some difficulty in 1935, the size of the Party Central Committee would be much reduced, and Schulte would no longer be in it. After 1929 he nevertheless remained installed as the party's "Regional Polleiter" for the entire "Lower Rhine" region for another two years, till 1931.
Hitler years and political exile in Paris (1933 to 1935)
In January 1933, exploiting the deadlocked political situation, the Hitler government took power and lost no time in transforming Germany into a one-party dictatorship. Immediately after the Reichstag Fire at the end of February 1933 the authorities began seeking out and arresting (and worse) those identified as government opponents, concentrating in the first instance on communist leaders. Both on account of his position as a senior party official and because he was a well-known communist member of the Reichstag (parliament), Schulte was at particularly acute risk of government persecution from National Socialists and their paramilitary backers. Political work - unless in support of the government - became illegal, but Schulte nevertheless remained engaged, avoiding arrest by "going underground", which meant staying away from one's registered home address and in other ways avoiding the security services by all possible means. He was nevertheless able to meet up with comrades, notably Walter Ulbricht, John Schehr and Hermann Schubert. Government persecution made party reorganisation of the party structure unavoidable, and these four men became the core of the so-called "homeland leadership" ("Inlandführung") team operating "underground" in order to stay out of the reach of the security services. Other leading party figures fled abroad and set up a party leadership team in (at this stage) Paris. The four who stayed in Germany thereby became the only members of the party politburo who stayed in Berlin. Between Ulbricht, Schehr and Schubert a struggle for leadership developed, from which Schulte seems to have remained detached.
In the Fall/Autumn of 1933 the four men were ordered by the party leaders who had made the French capital their base, to relocate to Paris. They complied. Schulte, crossing the border to the south of Berlin and travelling via Prague, became the last of the four to leave Berlin. He had been, in addition, the last member of the party politburo to leave Germany in the wake of the Hitler take-over. He now remained in Paris between 1933 and 1935.
In Paris, Schulte found himself allied with Hermann Schubert, as the two of them adopted the party tactics of imposing control by means of the "ultra-leftist intransigence" to which comrades had become accustomed during the period of Thälmann's leadership. During 1934 they found the support for their approach slipping away, however. Both Schubert and Schulte found themselves increasing marginalised within the leadership group, as other former Central Committee members came to favour a "united front" strategy, necessary to resist the still intensifying tide of fascism. Meanwhile, between 1933 and 1935 Schulte briefly resumed at least nominal leadership of the RGO; but the RGO itself was already collapsing, crushed in Germany by the government, while outside Hitler's reach exiled elements decided that the movement had become, at best, a distraction from the need to unite against Hitler.
Within the party Schulte retained his political ambitions. In December 1934 he travelled to Moscow in order to campaign for election to the presidium of the Comintern. Elections were held in August 1935 at the Comintern's Seventh "World Congress" (which turned out to be the final such congress prior to the dissolution of the organisation in 1943). Schulte's candidacy for presidium membership failed.
Hitler years and political exile in Moscow (1935 to 1941)
After 1935 Fritz Schulte relocated to Moscow along with other members of the German party politburo. Some sources indicate that Moscow now became the principal semi-official homebase for the exiled German party leadership, while elsewhere it is indicated that Moscow was one of three such locations. Paris and, at least till 1938, Prague are also sometimes identified as informal headquarter locations for exiled German party leaders. After 1949 enduring mistrust between leading German communists, such as Walter Ulbricht and Wilhelm Pieck, who had spent most of the war years in Moscow and those, such as Franz Dahlem and Paul Merker, who had not, was to become a feature of the ongoing rivalries within the ruling party in the Soviet sponsored East German dictatorship. Schulte himself settled in Moscow in 1934 por 1935 only after a lengthy stay in Prague. Meanwhile his wife, identified in some sources as "Emmi Schweitzer", and the couple's son, both of whom had remained in Germany, were taken into "Protective custody".
It was under the cover name "Fritz Schweitzer" that Schulte participated in the misleadingly named "Brussels Conference", held during October 1935 at Kunzewo, just outside Moscow. The conference was marked by dramatic change in the party hagiography: these changes were not to Schulte's advantage. The Thälmann line of the later 1920s and early 1930s, whereby German politicians of the moderate left were consistently and passionately condemned as "Social Fascists" was repudiated. Ernst Thälmann himself, who continued to enjoy Stalin's favour, had now been imprisoned by the National Socialists and, as a probable future martyr to the cause, was already being prepared for political canonisation. There could be no question of blaming Thälmann for a strategy that had split the political left in Germany and handed the keys of power in Berlin to Adolf Hitler. Scapegoats were needed. Four men, in particular, were singled out. Fritz Schulte, Hermann Schubert, Heinz Neumann and Hermann Remmele were given the blame for the misguided policy. Long before the Hitler nightmare was ended in a Berlin bunker, all four of them would have died in the Soviet Union. More immediately, at the conference all four found that they had been removed from the Party Central Committee. Coincidentally (or not) it was also at the "Brussels Conference" that Walter Ulbricht and Wilhelm Pieck emerged as the "obvious" leaders of the Communist Party in exile.
Between 15 December 1935 and 1 June 1936 Schulte was placed in charge of the "Agitation and Propaganda" office at the "Profintern" ("Red International of Labour Unions " / "Красный интернационал профсоюзов"), an offshoot of the Comintern tasked with international coordination of communist activism in trades union movements. He was then removed and sent to work in a large Moscow-based company. Naturally, during what was a period of great paranoia on the part of the Soviet leadership, especially in respect of all the foreign political exiles living in Moscow, he was kept under surveillance. There are indications that the new leadership of the exiled German party may have been plotting his further degradation ("[[:de:Zersetzung (Ministerium für Staatssicherheit) |Zersetzung") and destruction. It later emerged that one of those reporting on Schulte and his allegedly dubious "connections" to the Soviet security services was Herbert Wehner, a fellow communist exile living in Moscow who much later came to prominence in West Germany as a canny pipe-smoking Minister of Intra-German Relations and long-standing leader of the Social Democratic parliamentary group in the West German Bundestag. One of Wehner's reports that survives (and which may, of course, have been dictated to him only under duress)) identifies Schulte as the "leader of the sectarian opposition in the Communist Party of Germany".
Arrest and death
It appears from Wehner's reports that by the end of 1937 Schulte had been identified as a Trotskyite (and thereby an enemy of Stalin's government). He was arrested on 21 February 1938, one of many "Вечеринка Чистк" (purge) victims arrested in Moscow at around the same time. According to one source he became paralyzed through a series of brutal torture sessions. A surviving indictment is dated 2 March 1939.
On 7 April 1941 an NKVD "special tribunal" sentenced Schulte to an eight year term of detention at a labo(u)r camp. He was sent to the camp at Sewpetsch (far to the north, inside the arctic circle) and placed on a programme of "Исправительные работы" (loosely, "correctional work"). Fritz Schulte died at the labour camp on 10 May 1943, his death having almost certainly been hastened by the harsh living and working conditions top which he had been subjected in the Soviet "correctional" camp. His son, also called Fritz Schulte, had become a wartime soldier and was "killed in action" soon afterwards in the fighting on the Russian front.
There are reports that in Moscow, during the period identified in some sources as the Khrushchev Thaw, Fritz Schulte was probably posthumously "rehabilitated" on 26 March 1956. If that was indeed the case, then it appears that no one bothered to communicate the information to his widow in West Germany. Gertrud Schulte was still alive in 1960: in October of that year she placed a "wanted photograph" of her late husband in "Die Tat", a weekly magazine produced by the "Vereinigung der Verfolgten des Naziregimes" ("Union of Persecutees of the Nazi Regime").
Notes
References
Further reading
German trade unionists
Works councillors
Communist Party of Germany politicians
Members of the Landtag of Prussia
Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic
Emigrants from Nazi Germany
Great Purge victims from Germany
People who died in the Gulag
1890 births
1943 deaths |
Nettie Jane Fowler (May 22, 1925 – February 13, 1974) was an American film and television actress. She was known for playing the role of "Janet Culver" in the first season of the American adventure and drama television series Whirlybirds.
Born in Olympia, Washington. Spence began her career in 1948, where she played the uncredited role of a model in the film If You Knew Susie. She appeared in the game show television series Pantomime Quiz. Spence also appeared in the film The Noose Hangs High, where she played the uncredited role of the "Dentist's Assistant". She appeared in films, such as, Woman of the North Country, Words and Music, Fighting Coast Guard, East Side, West Side, Duchess of Idaho and Annie Get Your Gun. Her final film credit was from the 1955 film Ma and Pa Kettle at Waikiki.
Spence played the role of "Burma" in the adventure television series Terry and the Pirates. She worked as a antique seller. Spence joined the cast of the new syndicated adventure and drama television series Whirlybirds, in which she played the role of "Janet Culver". She was replaced by actress, Nancy Hale, who played the role of "Helen Carter" after the first season.
References
External links
Rotten Tomatoes profile
1925 births
1974 deaths
People from Olympia, Washington
Actresses from Washington (state)
American film actresses
American television actresses
20th-century American actresses
Antiques dealers |
Brandon Biro (born March 11, 1998) is a Canadian professional ice hockey winger currently playing for the Rochester Americans in the American Hockey League (AHL) as a prospect to the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League (NHL). He played collegiately at Penn State.
Playing career
Junior
Biro played two seasons with the Spruce Grove Saints of the Alberta Junior Hockey League, winning the league's Rookie of the Year award in the 201415 season.
College
Biro played four seasons for the Penn State Nittany Lions. At the end of his collegiate career, he was eighth all-time for Penn State in goals (41), third all-time in assists (75), and fourth all-time in points (116).
Professional
On March 18, 2020, Biro was signed by the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League as an undrafted free agent. He made his professional debut with Buffalo's AHL affiliate, the Rochester Americans, on February 12, 2021.
Biro made his NHL debut for the Sabres on February 23, 2022, in a game against the Montreal Canadiens.
Personal
Biro's younger brother, Jordan, plays collegiately for Colorado College.
His father, Rob, played collegiate soccer at the University of Alberta. He also played one season with the Winnipeg Fury of the Canadian Soccer League. He now works for Edmonton Catholic Schools as a soccer director.
Career statistics
Awards and honours
References
External links
1998 births
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Buffalo Sabres players
Ice hockey people from Alberta
Living people
Penn State Nittany Lions men's ice hockey players
People from Sherwood Park
Rochester Americans players
Spruce Grove Saints players
Undrafted National Hockey League players |
Vicenç Guarner i Vivancos (1893–1981) held senior positions in the Republican Army during the Spanish Civil War.
References
1893 births
1981 deaths
Spanish military personnel of the Spanish Civil War (Republican faction) |
Dasyuris callicrena is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand.
References
Larentiinae
Moths of New Zealand
Moths described in 1883
Endemic fauna of New Zealand
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick |
Sviatoshynsky Forest Park is a forest park located in the region of Kyiv Polissya on the sandy terrace of the Irpin River in Ukraine. It has the status of a park-monument of landscape art.
References
Parks in Ukraine |
Patrice Ernita "Penni" McClammy is an American attorney and politician serving as a member of the Alabama House of Representatives from the 76th district. She assumed office on November 17, 2021.
Early life and education
A native of Montgomery, Alabama, McClammy attended Sidney Lanier High School. She earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in political science from Hampton University in 1997, an Associate of Arts in legal studies from Faulkner University in 1999, a Juris Doctor from the Thomas Goode Jones School of Law in 2002, and a PhD in public policy and administration from Florida State University in 2006.
Career
Outside of politics, McClammy operates a private legal practice. After her father, Thad McClammy, died in office, Patrice declared her candidacy to succeed him. She did not face a challenger in the general election and assumed office on November 17, 2021.
References
Living people
Alabama Democrats
People from Montgomery, Alabama
Politicians from Montgomery, Alabama
Members of the Alaska House of Representatives
Alabama lawyers
African-American state legislators in Alabama
Women state legislators in Alabama
Hampton University alumni
Faulkner University alumni
Thomas Goode Jones School of Law alumni
Florida State University alumni |
Phoenix Laulu-Togaga'e (born 16 April 2003) is a rugby league player who plays at or on the for Hull Kingston Rovers in the Super League.
Laulu-Togaga'e was born in Brisbane, Australia but moved to the United Kingdom when he was seven. He is the son of Samoan international rugby league player, Quentin Laulu-Togaga'e. At school, Laulu-Togaga'e played rugby union at school and was member of the academy side at Leicester Tigers.
Quentin Laulu-Togaga'e plays for Keighley Cougars and with the Tigers' academy side suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Laulu-Togaga'e was invited to train with Keighley Cougars. Keighley were impressed with Phoenix and in March 2021 the club signed him on a one year contract. After playing in a pre-season game, Laulu-Togaga'e made his professional debut for Keighley against West Wales Raiders on 13 June 2021. His father played in the same match and when Phoenix came on as an interchange player they became the first instance of father and son playing in the same professional match since 2013 and only the third father-son pairing ever.
After playing a handful of games for Keighley, Laulu-Togaga'e was spotted by Super League side, Hull Kingston Rovers, and was signed on a two-year contract in August 2021 but was loaned back to Keighley for the remainder of the 2021 season
At the end of the 2021 season Laulu-Togaga'e had made 12 appearances for Keighley, scoring five tries and won the Rugby Football League's League 1 Young Player of the Year award
Laulu-Togaga'e made his Super League debut for Hull Kingston Rovers on 25 February 2022, as an interchange player during Rover's 26–10 victory over Castleford Tigers.
Notes
References
Living people
Rugby league players from Brisbane
2003 births
Rugby league fullbacks
Rugby league wingers
Keighley Cougars players
Hull Kingston Rovers players |
Phalaenopsis doweryensis is a species of orchid native to Borneo.
Description
This species of epiphytic, short-stemmed orchid has usually two fleshy, ovate-elliptic, obtuse leaves of variable sizes. Fleshy flowers with a greenish yellow ground colour and brown spotting are produced on erect, axillary racemes, which may reach lengths of 20 cm, but are usually shorter than the leaves. The specific epithet doweryensis refers to the Dowery Orchid Nursery, from which the type specimen was acquired, which was collected from the wild in Sabah, East Malaysia.
Taxonomy
This species is placed within the subgenus Polychilos in the section Amboinenses. It is suspected of being a hybrid of Phalaenopsis gigantea and Phalaenopsis cochlearis or Phalaenopsis kunstleri. Alternatively, it has also been concluded on the basis of morphological and genetic evidence, that this species is a hybrid of Phalaenopsis gigantea and Phalaenopsis fuscata.
Conservation
This species is protected unter the CITES appendix II regulations of international trade.
References
doweryensis
Orchids of Indonesia
Orchids of Malaysia
Orchids of Borneo
Aeridinae
Plants described in 2001 |
Chu Yuanmeng (born 21 November 1999 ) is an Chinese biathlete. She competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics, in Women's pursuit, Women's individual, Women's sprint, Mixed relay, and Women's relay.
She competed at the 2017 Winter Military World Games, Biathlon World Championships 2016, Biathlon World Championships 2019, Biathlon World Championships 2020.
References
External links
Yuanmeng Chu of Team China and Emma Lunder of Team Canada compete Photo by Maddie Meyer - Getty Images
1999 births
Chinese female biathletes
Living people
Biathletes at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic biathletes of China |
The 2008–09 Radford Highlanders men's basketball team represented Radford University during the 2008–09 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Highlanders, led by second-year head coach Brad Greenberg, played their home games at the Dedmon Center in Radford, Virginia as members of the Big South Conference. They finished the season 21–12, 15–3 in Big South play to finish in first place. They defeated High Point, UNC Asheville, and VMI to become champions of the Big South Tournament. The received the Big South's automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament where they were defeated in the First Round by the eventual National champions, North Carolina.
Roster
Source
Schedule and results
|-
!colspan=9 style=| Regular season
|-
!colspan=9 style=| Big South Tournament
|-
!colspan=9 style=| NCAA Tournament
References
Radford Highlanders men's basketball seasons
Radford
Radford
Radford
Radford |
Toyosi is a Yoruba given name meaning "Worth rejoicing in the lord". Notable people with the surname include:
Toyosi Olusanya, Nigerian social entrepreneur
Gbenga Toyosi Olawepo, Nigerian human rights activist and businessman
Toyosi Olusanya, English footballer
Oluwatoyosi Ogunseye, Nigerian journalist
References |
The Sigtuna rib (signum U NOR1998;25) is a 12th-century runic amulet found in the 1990s in Sigtuna, Uppland.
Description
The amulet is a rib bone.
Inscription
Scandinavian Runic-text Database
The Scandinavian Runic-text Database offers the following "standard" readings:
Transliteration:
§A iorils × ouriþ × uaksna ur : kroke × bat han × riþu × bar-…
§B han : riþu × aok × siþa × sarþ × sararan × uara × hafir × fult ¶ f(e)kit × fly : braot riþa
Old West Norse normalization
§A Jórils vrið!/óvrið vaksna ur Króki! Bant hann riðu, bar[ði](?)
§B hann riðu. Ok síða(?) sarð sára-rann. Vara hefir (hann) fullt fengit. Flý braut riða!
Runic Swedish normalization
§A Iōrils vrið!/ovrið vaksna uʀ Krōki! Bant hann riðu, bar[ði](?)
§B hann riðu. Ok sīða(?) sarð sāra-rann. Vara hafiʀ (hann) fullt fængit. Flȳ braut riða!
English translation
§A Jórill's woundcauser / Jórill's abnormal stomach-ache disappear from Krókr! He bound the fever, he fought(?)
§B the fever. And did away with the abscess. (He) has fully cought the pus. Flee away, fever!
Notes
References
Further reading
See also
Sigtuna amulet I
Canterbury charm
Kvinneby amulet
12th-century inscriptions
1990s archaeological discoveries
Archaeology of Sweden
Runic inscriptions
Historical runic magic
Norse paganism
Sources on Germanic paganism
Occult texts
Amulets |
Kateryna Gornostai (Ukrainian: Горностай Катерина Павлівна; born March 15, 1989) is a Ukrainian film director, screenwriter and film editor. She is a jury member of the film festival Wiz-Art since 2014 and a member of the Ukrainian Film Academy since 2017.
Biography
Kateryna Gornostai was born in Lutsk, Volyn Oblast on March 15, 1989. She was the only child of psychotherapists Svetlana Vaskivska and Pavel Gornostay.
Education
First, Kateryna studied biology (2010) and later Journalism (2012, MD) at the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. Having graduated from the Marina Razbezhkina and Mikhail Ugarov's Documentary Film and Theatre in Moscow from October 2012 to November 2013, she returned home to Kyiv.
Film career
Kateryna Gornostai started her career as a documentary filmmaker in 2012. She is currently working on educational documentaries as well as her own documentary and fiction film projects. Kateryna also teaches documentary filmmaking at Kyiv-Mohyla Academy's School of Journalism. She began to experiment with fiction films and hybrid forms. Her aesthetic and ability to convey life without artificiality have caught the attention of film critics.
Filmography
Awards
See also
55th Karlovy Vary International Film Festival
List of LGBT-related films of 2021
References
1989 births
Living people |
Dasyuris catadees is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It is endemic to New Zealand.
References
Larentiinae
Moths of New Zealand
Moths described in 1939
Endemic fauna of New Zealand
Taxa named by Louis Beethoven Prout |
Ronnie Green may refer to:
Ronnie Green (kickboxer), British kickboxer
Ronnie D. Green, chancellor of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln
See also
Ronald Green (disambiguation) |
James Lindsay Gordon (1858-November 30, 1904) was an American lawyer who briefly served in the Virginia Senate and practiced in Virginia and New York City, where he died. He was the grandson of U.S. Congressman William F. Gordon, son of attorney and newspaper editor George Loyall Gordon (who died fighting for the Confederacy at the Battle of Malvern Hill) and nephew of James Lindsay Gordon who served in the Virginia House of Delegates.
References
1858 births
1904 deaths
Virginia lawyers
Virginia state senators
People from Albemarle County, Virginia |
The Dutch Volleyball Association or in ( Dutch : Nederlandse Volleybal Bond, NeVoBo ) is an organization founded in 1947 to govern the practice of volleyball in the Netherlands.
It organizes the men's and women 's championships, and places the men's and women's national team under its aegis .
The NeVoBo joined the FIVB in 1947.
Nevobo members
This table show members and associations Evolution through years:
Region Divisions
The Nevobo is traditionally divided into several regions, Today there are four, in the past there were more than ten. The current regions are:
Nevobo region North
Nevobo region East
Nevobo region West
Nevobo region South
References
External links
Officiële website ( in Dutch )
Worldofvolley.com
Volleyball in the Netherlands
Netherlands
Volleyball |
The 2022 Minnesota United FC season is the club's sixth in Major League Soccer. Their season began on February 26, 2022, where they drew with the Philadelphia Union 1–1 in Philadelphia. The club will play its home matches at Allianz Field in Saint Paul, Minnesota. The club will attempt to reach the MLS Cup Playoffs for a fourth consecutive year.
Competitions
Preseason
MLS Regular Season
Standings
Overall
Western Conference
Results summary
Regular Season
Statistics
Appearances and goals
Last updated 26 February 2022.
|-
! colspan="14" style="background:#585958; color:#FFFF; text-align:center"|Goalkeepers
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! colspan="14" style="background:#585958; color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center"|Defenders
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! colspan="14" style="background:#585958; color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center"|Midfielders
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! colspan="14" style="background:#585958; color:#FFFFFF; text-align:center"|Forwards
|-
|}
Assists and Shutouts
Stats from MLS Regular season, MLS play offs, and U.S. Open Cup are all included.
First tie-breaker for assists and shutouts is matches played.
Roster
As of February 26, 2022
References
Minnesota United FC seasons
Minnesota United
Minnesota
Minnesota |
Alonge is a Yoruba surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Adebayo Alonge, Nigerian pharmacist
Bolaji Alonge, Nigerian journalist
Solomon Osagie Alonge, pioneer of Nigerian photography. |
Jennings is a Swedish noble family. It was naturalised 1742, matriculated into Swedish House of Nobility 1743 under number 1874. The Jennings family descended from an old noble family named "Jenins" in England, from where it came to Ireland. The earliest known ancestor of the Swedish line is Francis Jennings of Bellysahnon in Ireland, who was born 1584. During the reign of Elizabeth I he moved from Somersetshire to Ireland, and died 1679. He was married with Elizabeth Montgomery, daughter of John Montgomery of Castel-Rabon in Ireland.
The family became extinct 1929.
External links
Jennings nr 1874 - Gustaf Elgenstierna, Den introducerade svenska adelns ättartavlor. 1925-36.
European families of Irish ancestry
Swedish noble families |
Belarus, a close ally of Russia, has supported its eastern neighbour in the Russian Invasion of Ukraine. Before the start of war, Belarus allowed the Russian Armed Forces to perform weeks-long military drills on its territory, which it did not leave after they were supposed to finish. The country did not oppose it being used as a launching pad for the invasion of Russian troops that started on 24 February, which they actively used as Belarus's border was close to Kyiv, Ukraine's capital.
Belarus initially denied having anything in common with the conflict, but has since admitted to allowing Russian missile launchers stationed on its territory to shoot at Ukrainian targets. Several reports have emerged in Belarus opposition media and among the Ukrainian military that Belarusian troops are on Ukrainian soil fighting together with Russians, but Belarus's leader Aleksander Lukashenko dismissed them and said that the Belarusian Armed Forces would not participate directly in the conflict.
The involvement of Belarus was condemned in Western countries, with the European Union, the United States as well as Japan imposing sanctions against Belarus. According to Chatham House, Belarus's participation in the military conflict is not popular among the general population; protests were held on 27 February, the day of the constitutional referendum which asked to revoke Belarus's non-nuclear country status, but were quickly dispersed. Several hackers affilitated with the Ukrainian military or with Anonymous have targeted government agencies and country's critical infrastructure.
Background
Belarus is located to the north of Ukraine, with which it shares a -long border. Its proximity to the Ukrainian capital Kyiv is considered to be of major strategic value.
In January and February 2022, Russian troops came in Belarus to participate in military drills. On 16 February, Minister of Foreign Affairs Vladimir Makei claimed that Russian soldiers will leave Belarus after training ends, statement rejected later on by the Ministry of Defense, who claimed that they would remain "for an unknown period of time". The number of Russian troops that would remain in Belarus was estimated to be at around 30,000. Additionally, it was also speculated that Belarus could host Russian nuclear weaponry.
The former version of the Constitution of Belarus demanded the country to be neutral. Belarus, however, held a constitutional referendum on 27 February, which was declared to have passed with 65% support. As one of the changes, Belarus revoked its non-nuclear status. Lukashenko later clarified that he would request Russia to bring nuclear weapons if NATO moves to bring them to Poland or Lithuania, the country's western neighbours.
Russian invasion
In the initial stages of the military conflict, Belarus lent its territory to Russians for them to attack, but did not seem to have sent its soldiers to the conflict. On the day of invasion, the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine reported about Russian troops trying to break through the Belarus-Ukraine border at the Vilcha border crossing, and a helicopter without identification marks attacking a bridge near Slavutych. CNN published a video showing tanks entering Ukraine through the Senkivka border crossing, on the tripoint with Russia. Also on that day, Chernobyl, together with the nearby former nuclear power plant, was seized after Russian troops entered Ukraine from Belarus via the unpopulated Chernobyl Exclusion Zone.
Belarus also allowed military installations to shoot from its territory towards its southern neighbour, or to cross its border southbound. Already on 24 February, the Ukrainian commander-in-chief reported that 4 ballistic missiles were launched from Belarus towards the southwest. Two days later, Maxar Technologies published satellite images with 150 helicopters and hundreds of ground vehicles stationed near Khoyniki, some from the Ukrainian border, with 90 helicopters using a local straight road as a temporary airbase. Belarusian media and Telegram channels also circulated numerous videos and photos showing movement of Russian armored vehicles and helicopters in southern Belarus. Three days later, the Ukrainian Centre for Strategic Communication reported that Zhytomyr Airport was bombed by the missiles launched from the territory of Belarus.
Eventually, reports of Belarusian troops in Ukraine started to appear. On 25 February, the Ukrainian media published a video with a Russian POW who claimed to have entered Ukraine via Homyel' Region of Belarus and said that the Belarusian military didn't stop him. On 28 February, Belarusian opposition media outlet Charter 97 claimed that some Belarusian soldiers were among the wounded and killed invasion troops in Ukraine, citing anonymous Belarusian and Ukrainian sources. A Ukrainian senior military official later said to the public broadcaster Suspilne that the Belarusians have been spotted on the ground in Chernihiv Oblast since 27 February and that they were moving from Horodnia towards Chernihiv, the capital of the northernmost region of Ukraine; however, the Office of the President could not confirm the reports.
Reactions
Belarus
Government
Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko initially denied involvement of the Belarusian military in the conflict at the time, and the Belarusian Ministry of Defense did not comment on the reports of missiles launched from Belarus hitting any Ukrainian targets. On 27 February, however, Alexander Lukashenko acknowledged that projectiles were launched by Russia from Belarus against Ukraine, but commented this was a "forced step". Lukashenko also announced that he would not order Belarus's troops to join the Russians to Ukraine, despite reports they already were in Ukraine, nevertheless he decided to move more forces to the Ukrainian border on 1 March.
Opposition
Belarusian exiled opposition leader Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya condemned Lukashenko for participating in the invasion. Belarusian opposition journalists claimed that the actions of the Belarusian government could be treated as aggression according to article 3 (section "f") of the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3314 ("The action of a State in allowing its territory, which it has placed at the disposal of another State, to be used by that other State for perpetration an act of aggression against a third State <...> ...qualify as an act of aggression"). Protests against the invasion were held in cities across Belarus on 27 February, the day of voting on the changes to the Belarusian constitution, during which 800 people were detained, according to Ministry of Internal Affairs of Belarus.
According to Chatham House, 79% of Belarusians think that the death of Belarusian soldiers during the war between Russia and Ukraine is unacceptable, and more than 50% thought that Belarus should remain neutral.
Ukraine
On 26 February, the head of State Border Guard Service of Ukraine Serhii Deyneko wrote an official letter to the chief of the State Border Committee of Belarus A. P. Lappo accusing his organization of helping Russia to invade Ukraine from the north. Some MPs of Verkhovna Rada, Ukraine's parliament, have called to break diplomatic ties with its northerly neighbour.
A large number of internet hackers, in particular connected to a decentralised collective called Anonymous and the Ukrainian IT Army, launched numerous cyberattacks against Belarusian government agencies and the state railway. In response to the invasion, Anonymous leaked some 200 gigabytes of correspondence of Belarusian private defence contractor Tetraedr.
Western countries
The Belarus's assistance of Russia's invasion drew condemnation from Western powers. On the day of invasion, the US Treasury issued sanctions against Belarus for its involvement in the Russian invasion. Several military industrial companies and generals were sanctioned. On 26 February, Japan considered issuing similar sanctions, which it introduced two days later.
The European Union issued the first set of sanctions against Belarus - the first was introduced on 27 February, which banned certain categories of Belarusian items in the EU, including timber, steel, mineral fuels and tobacco. After the Lithuanian prime minister proposed disconnecting Belarus from SWIFT, the European Union, which does not recognise Lukashenko as the legitimate President of Belarus, started to plan an extension of the sanctions already issued against Russian entities and top officials to its ally.
References
Russo-Ukrainian War
2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
2022 in international relations
Foreign relations of Belarus
Military of Belarus
Wars involving Belarus |
Humber College is a below-grade light rail transit (LRT) station under construction on Line 6 Finch West, a new line that is part of the Toronto subway system. The station will be located at the southwest corner of Highway 27 and Humber College Boulevard on the Humber College North Campus in Etobicoke, Toronto. The station will be the western terminus of Line 6, which is scheduled to open in 2023.
Description
The station will be located below street level in an open trench running parallel to Highway 27. The station will have two street-level entrances, one entrance on the south side of Humber College Boulevard, the second further south facing a new street that will intersect with Highway 27. The entrance structures will be at least in height, and will each face a plaza. The centre platform will have several canopies for weather protection. The lack of a roof over the trench will allow natural lighting on the platform. Wi-Fi will be available at the station.
The station will have 3 parallel tracks. Two tracks will flank the island platform. The track on the west side of the station will have no platform, but will be flanked by service walkways.
North of the station, the line continues in a trench beside Highway 7 until Finch Avenue West where it enters a short tunnel curving under the intersection to continue on the surface towards Finch West station. Between Humber College station and the portal on Finch Avenue, there are no level crossings.
Surface connections
Humber College has an existing bus terminal located approximately west of the future rail station. It is served by buses from the TTC, Miway, Brampton Transit, Züm, and York Region Transit.
References
External links
Line 6 Finch West stations
Railway stations in Canada at university and college campuses
Humber College |
Lotte Lie (born 6 September 1995 ) is an Belgian biathlete. She competed at the 2022 Winter Olympics, in Women's individual, and Women's sprint.
She competed at the Biathlon World Championships 2020, and Biathlon World Championships 2021.
References
External links
BELGIAN BIATHLETE LOTTE LIE PICTURED ACTION- Shutterstock
Belgian biathlete Lotte Lie pictured in action during the women'sPhoto by LAURIE DIEFFEMBACQ - Getty Images
1995 births
Belgian female biathletes
Norwegian female biathletes
Living people
Biathletes at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic biathletes of Belgium |
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