A crash due to check-fail can be triggered in QuantizedConv2D
Hi @shijy16 ,

I have replicated the reported issues with tf-nightly(2.13.0-dev20230308) with colab. 

Please refer to snapshot below. Thanks for reporting.


<img width="1506" alt="Screenshot 2023-03-09 at 12 46 09 PM" src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/116063290/223949104-65f18094-00db-47ad-b540-ae6afac0407a.png">
 Still an issue with tf-nightly(2.15.0-dev20231004). Crash with not so clear logs.

<img width="1508" alt="Screenshot 2023-10-04 at 2 52 16 PM" src="https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/assets/116063290/508c2803-0399-40af-a968-77d988adf8ab">

 Are you satisfied with the resolution of your issue?
<a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfaP12TRhd9xSxjXZjcZFNXPGk4kc1-qMdv3gc6bEP90vY1ew/viewform?entry.85265664=Yes&entry.2137816233=https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/issues/59927">Yes</a>
<a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfaP12TRhd9xSxjXZjcZFNXPGk4kc1-qMdv3gc6bEP90vY1ew/viewform?entry.85265664=No&entry.2137816233=https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/issues/59927">No</a>

<details><summary>Click to expand!</summary> 
 
 ### Issue Type

Bug

### Have you reproduced the bug with TF nightly?

Yes

### Source

binary

### Tensorflow Version

2.13.0.dev20230307

### Custom Code

No

### OS Platform and Distribution

Linux Ubuntu 20.04

### Mobile device

_No response_

### Python version

3.8

### Bazel version

_No response_

### GCC/Compiler version

_No response_

### CUDA/cuDNN version

CUDA 11.5

### GPU model and memory

_No response_

### Current Behaviour?

```shell
A crash due to check-fail can be triggered in QuantizedConv2D and its external api `tf.compat.v1.nn.quantized_conv2d`.
```


### Standalone code to reproduce the issue

```shell
import tensorflow as tf
print(tf.__version__)
strides = [1, 128, 128, 1]
padding = "SAME"
dilations = [1, 1, 1, 1]
input = tf.cast(tf.random.uniform([2, 1, 0, 1], minval=0, maxval=64, dtype=tf.int64), dtype=tf.quint8)
filter = tf.cast(tf.random.uniform([1, 1, 1, 1], minval=0, maxval=64, dtype=tf.int64), dtype=tf.quint8)
min_input = tf.random.uniform([], dtype=tf.float32)
max_input = tf.random.uniform([], dtype=tf.float32)
min_filter = tf.random.uniform([], dtype=tf.float32)
max_filter = tf.random.uniform([], dtype=tf.float32)
# res = tf.raw_ops.QuantizedConv2D(
res = tf.compat.v1.nn.quantized_conv2d(
    strides=strides,
    padding=padding,
    dilations=dilations,
    input=input,
    filter=filter,
    min_input=min_input,
    max_input=max_input,
    min_filter=min_filter,
    max_filter=max_filter,
)
```


### Relevant log output

```shell
2023-03-08 10:44:27.398763: I tensorflow/core/util/port.cc:110] oneDNN custom operations are on. You may see slightly different numerical results due to floating-point round-off errors from different computation orders. To turn them off, set the environment variable `TF_ENABLE_ONEDNN_OPTS=0`.
2023-03-08 10:44:27.448284: I tensorflow/core/platform/cpu_feature_guard.cc:182] This TensorFlow binary is optimized to use available CPU instructions in performance-critical operations.
To enable the following instructions: AVX2 AVX512F AVX512_VNNI FMA, in other operations, rebuild TensorFlow with the appropriate compiler flags.
2023-03-08 10:44:28.229207: W tensorflow/compiler/tf2tensorrt/utils/py_utils.cc:38] TF-TRT Warning: Could not find TensorRT
2.13.0-dev20230307
2023-03-08 10:44:29.975476: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1635] Created device /job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0 with 7865 MB memory:  -> device: 0, name: Tesla V100-PCIE-16GB, pci bus id: 0000:2f:00.0, compute capability: 7.0
2023-03-08 10:44:30.000649: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/process_function_library_runtime.cc:586] Finished graph optimizations for MultiDevice function "__wrapped____EagerConst_device_/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0" with target device "/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0". Took 0 secs.
2023-03-08 10:44:30.179857: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/process_function_library_runtime.cc:586] Finished graph optimizations for MultiDevice function "__wrapped____EagerConst_device_/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0" with target device "/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0". Took 0 secs.
2023-03-08 10:44:30.185432: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/process_function_library_runtime.cc:586] Finished graph optimizations for MultiDevice function "__wrapped__RandomUniformInt_device_/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0" with target device "/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0". Took 0 secs.
2023-03-08 10:44:30.193600: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/process_function_library_runtime.cc:586] Finished graph optimizations for MultiDevice function "__wrapped__Cast_device_/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0" with target device "/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0". Took 0 secs.
2023-03-08 10:44:30.195940: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/process_function_library_runtime.cc:586] Finished graph optimizations for MultiDevice function "__wrapped__RandomUniform_device_/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0" with target device "/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0". Took 0 secs.
2023-03-08 10:44:30.201918: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/process_function_library_runtime.cc:586] Finished graph optimizations for MultiDevice function "__wrapped__QuantizedConv2D_device_/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0" with target device "/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0". Took 0 secs.
2023-03-08 10:44:30.202557: F tensorflow/core/kernels/quantized_conv_ops.cc:572] Check failed: out_cols > 0 (0 vs. 0)
Aborted (core dumped)
```
</details>