input
stringlengths 365
170k
| output
stringlengths 85
28.4k
|
|---|---|
### User:
Clémence Guichard (born 30 October 1982), known professionally as Clémence Poésy (), is a French actress and fashion model. After starting on the stage as a child, Poésy studied drama and has been active in both film and television since 1999, including some English-language productions. She is known for the roles of Fleur Delacour in the Harry Potter film series, Chloë in In Bruges, Rana in 127 Hours, and Natasha Rostova in War and Peace. Early life Born in L'Haÿ-les-Roses, a southern suburb of Paris, she is the daughter of actor-writer Étienne Guichard and a French teacher. Poésy took hermother's maiden name as her stage name. She was sent to an alternative school in Meudon. Her father gave Poésy her first acting job when she was a child; then she had two lines at age 14. She has a younger sister, Maëlle Poésy-Guichard, who is also an actress. Acting career After leaving La Source, the bilingual, alternative school she attended until the age of 16, Poésy studied drama at the Conservatoire National Supérieur d'Art Dramatique (CNSAD, the French National Academy of Dramatic Arts), the Atelier International de Blanche Salant et Paul Weaver, and the University of Nanterre. Her first
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Clémence Poésy", {"description":'French actress', "alias":['Clemence Poesy']}], ["Actor", {}], ["L'Haÿ-les-Roses", {}], ["Guichard", {}]]
Relations:[["Clémence Poésy", "occupation", "Actor"], ["Clémence Poésy", "place of birth", "L'Haÿ-les-Roses"], ["Clémence Poésy", "family name", "Guichard"]] |
### User:
Maude C. Davison (27 March 1885 – 11 June 1956) was a Canadian-born, American nurse. After a career in Canada, she moved to the United States. She served as the Chief Nurse of the United States Army Nurse Corps in the Philippines during World War II. She received numerous awards for her military service in borth World War I and World War II. In 2001, she posthumously was granted a Distinguished Service Medal for her leadership of the Angels of Bataan, the first and largest group of American military women taken as Prisoners of War. Early life Maude Campbell wasborn on 27 March 1885 in Cannington, Ontario, Canada to Janet (or Jeannette) Campbell. In 1894, her mother, who had immigrated from Scotland, married Abraham Sidders. She graduated in 1909 from the Ontario Agricultural College with a certificate from the MacDonald School of Home Economics. Career Campbell began her career as a dietitian at the Baptist College in Brandon, Manitoba. Immigrating to the United States in 1909, she took employment in South Bend, Indiana at the Epworth Hospital as a dietitian and instructor in domestic science and remained until 1911. She returned from Canada in 1914 and entered the PasadenaHospital Training School for Nurses. In 1917, she graduated having earned her RN designation. The following year, she joined the Nurse Reserves of the United States Army Nurse Corps and began working as a staff nurse at the base hospital of Camp Fremont in Palo Alto, California. After serving at Letterman General Hospital, in San Francisco, she was sent to Fort Leavenworth, Kansas in 1920, to take up a post at the hospital for the United States Disciplinary Barracks. With this move, she became an American citizen and was transferred as a second lieutenant to the Regular Army of theNurse Corps. Between 1921 and 1922, she was deployed to Coblenz, Germany, serving with the Allied Occupation Forces assisting with Russian famine refugees, influenza victims and war casualties. Returning to the United States, in 1924, she was promoted to first lieutenant after passing the Chief Nursing Examination. Davison entered Columbia University in 1926 and earned a bachelor's degree in home economics in 1928. Upon completion of her education, she returned to service as a nurse and dietician at several Army hospitals throughout the US. In 1939, she was deployed during World War II to Fort Mills Station Hospital on CorregidorIsland in the Philippines. She was promoted to captain in 1941 and placed as chief nurse of the nursing corps of the Philippine Department. Most of the nurses in the Far East Command were serving under Davison with her second-in-command, Josephine Nesbit, at Sternberg Hospital on the south side of Manila Bay. When the Japanese invaded the Philippines, on 8 December 1941, the day after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Davison organized civilian nurses to help with the casualties, sending five Army nurses and fifteen local Filipino nurses to the facility at Fort Stotsenburg. Within a week the Fort, alongrandomly, the nurses saw through her ruse, noting that those who were ill, wounded or fatigued or might not withstand the pressure of imprisonment were chosen. Upon the Allied surrender in May 1942, Davison led her 66 remaining nurses to their captivity at Santo Tomas Internment Camp in Manila. They joined 11 United States Navy Nurse Corps personnel under the command of Lieutenant Commander Laura Cobb, who had surrendered to the Japanese the previous January. In September, ten of the nurses who had been part of the April evacuation joined them as their aircraft was damaged while refueling en routethree years, on 3 February 1945, the camp was liberated and Davison was hospitalized because of her poor health. When the nurses arrived in the United States at the end of the month, Davison, who normally weighed weighed only . Her nurses credited Davison with their survival and though she was nominated for the Distinguished Service Medal, the War Decorations Board denied the honor, based upon a determination that she did not act independently but under the advice of the physicians and military commanders with whom she served. She was awarded the Legion of Merit and medically retired on 31January 1946. In 1947, Davison married the Reverend Charles W. Jackson, who had served as dean of Long Beach City College. The two had met many years earlier when she was working at the Baptist College and she had rented a room from his family, which had immigrated to the United States, during her nursing studies in Pasadena, California. Jackson, a widower, had two grown sons from a prior marriage who found "Davy", as they called Davison, distant and formal. After her marriage, she rarely had contact with her former staff, but in 1955 she participated in a Veterans Dayparade in Los Angeles, where she received a special citation of merit. Death and legacy Jackson died on 11 June 1956 at the Veterans Hospital in Long Beach, California following a lengthy illness. She was buried near her mother in the Cedar Vale Cemetery, Cannington, Ontario, Canada. In 2001, she was posthumously recognized with the Distinguished Service Medal due to the efforts of the surviving "Angels" such as Brigadier General Connie L. Slewitzke, Senator Daniel Inouye, and many others. Military awards World War I: Army of Occupation of Germany Medal World War I Victory Medal World War II: American Campaign
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Maude C. Davison", {"description":'U.S. Army Nurse'}], ["Canada", {}], ["United States", {}], ["Nurse", {}], ["United States Army Nurse Corps", {}], ["World War I", {}], ["World War II", {}], ["Cannington, Ontario", {}], ["Ontario Agricultural College", {}], ["Dietitian", {}], ["Columbia University", {}], ["Long Beach, California", {}]]
Relations:[["Maude C. Davison", "country of citizenship", "Canada"], ["Maude C. Davison", "country of citizenship", "United States"], ["Maude C. Davison", "occupation", "Nurse"], ["Maude C. Davison", "employer", "United States Army Nurse Corps"], ["Maude C. Davison", "military branch", "United States Army Nurse Corps"], ["Maude C. Davison", "conflict", "World War I"], ["Maude C. Davison", "conflict", "World War II"], ["Maude C. Davison", "place of birth", "Cannington, Ontario"], ["Maude C. Davison", "educated at", "Ontario Agricultural College"], ["Maude C. Davison", "occupation", "Dietitian"], ["Maude C. Davison", "educated at", "Columbia University"], ["Maude C. Davison", "place of death", "Long Beach, California"]] |
### User:
no variation. He shows how to measure variation and the sources of common errors. Book 5 Magnetic dip. The angle of inclination (dip) of a compass to the horizon differs according to latitude. He shows how to construct a dip instrument. At the equator it is level and increases towards the poles as he has shown earlier with his terrella. Book 6 Terrestrial rotation. Heraclides and others held that the Earth rotates from west to east and this is supported by Copernicus (the "restorer of astronomy"), but Aristotle said otherwise. "If the rotations of the earth seems headlong and not
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["De Magnete", {"description":'book by William Gilbert'}], ["Astronomy", {}]]
Relations:[["De Magnete", "main subject", "Astronomy"]] |
### User:
Sabam Pandapotan Siagian (4 May 1932 – 3 June 2016) was an Indonesian journalist. He served as the first editor in chief of The Jakarta Post. Siagian departed the Jakarta Post in 1991 upon his appointment as Ambassador of Indonesia to Australia. From 1991 to 1995, while ambassador, Sabam lived in Canberra. He criticised the Australian media for lagging behind other sectors in Australia when it came to engaging with Indonesia. After leaving Canberra in 1995, Sabam joined the board of Jakarta Post. Sabam died in Jakarta on 3 June 2016 after extended health complications. Numerous colleagues, including former Indonesian
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Sabam Siagian", {"description":'Indonesian journalist'}], ["Journalist", {}], ["Indonesia", {}], ["The Jakarta Post", {}], ["Jakarta", {}]]
Relations:[["Sabam Siagian", "occupation", "Journalist"], ["Sabam Siagian", "country of citizenship", "Indonesia"], ["Sabam Siagian", "employer", "The Jakarta Post"], ["Sabam Siagian", "place of birth", "Jakarta"], ["Sabam Siagian", "place of death", "Jakarta"]] |
### User:
Machineries of Empire is a trilogy of military science fiction/science fantasy/space opera novels by the American writer Yoon Ha Lee and published by Solaris Books. It consists of Ninefox Gambit (2016), Raven Stratagem (2017) and Revenant Gun (2018). The trilogy follows the young infantry captain Kel Cheris and the traitorous general Shuos Jedao in a war among factions of a despotic interstellar empire, the Hexarchate, whose technology and power is based on the population's faith in the imperial calendar. Several of Lee's short stories are prequels to the trilogy. Ninefox Gambit received the 2017 Locus Award for Best First Novel,
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Machineries of Empire", {"description":'trilogy of military science fiction/space opera novels by Yoon Ha Lee'}], ["Yoon Ha Lee", {}], ["Military science fiction", {}], ["Space opera", {}]]
Relations:[["Machineries of Empire", "author", "Yoon Ha Lee"], ["Machineries of Empire", "genre", "Military science fiction"], ["Machineries of Empire", "genre", "Space opera"]] |
### User:
Massimo Marchese (born in Savona, Italy) is an Italian musician, lutenist, theorbist and recording artist. Biography Born in Savona in the Italian region of Liguria, Marchese was a student of Jakob Lindberg at the Royal College of Music in London. Collaborations He collaborated with the pipa player Jiao Xiangwen and the poet Sandro Boccardi He accompanied Nigel Rogers, Ottavio Dantone, Flavio Colusso, Flavio Emilio Scogna, and many ensemble as a Basso continuo musician. He played in Europe, Asia and South America. His recordings include the works of Francesco Spinacino , Franciscus Bossinensis, Joachim van den Hove , Robert de Visée,Gabriele Fallamero, and Roman Turovsky-Savchuk. Partial discography Roman Turovsky-Savchuk - "Dialogues with Time" (daVinci Edition C00028, 2017) Francesco Spinacino - Intavolatura di Leuto, Libri I e II (Tactus, 2006) Franciscus Bossinensis - Petrarca ed il cantare a Leuro (Tactus, 2007) The journeys of Rubens - Music from the courts of Europe (Centaur Records 2011) Virtuoso Vihuela music from Spain and Italy (Centaur records, 2013) Robert de Visee La musique de la chambre du Roi voll I, II and III (Brilliant Classics 2013) Joachim van den Hove - Florida (Brilliant Classics 2015) See also Lute Theorbo Vihuela Basso continuo References External
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Massimo Marchese", {"description":'Italian lutenist'}], ["Italy", {}], ["Savona", {}]]
Relations:[["Massimo Marchese", "country of citizenship", "Italy"], ["Massimo Marchese", "place of birth", "Savona"]] |
### User:
Berczik Árpád (July 8, 1842 in Temesvár – July 16, 1919 in Budapest) was a Hungarian writer. He studied laws and worked for the administration, Kisfaludy Társaság (1873) and Borsszem Jankó. He published his writings in publications such as Pesti Napló (1870–72), but he is mainly known for his theatrical plays. Works Az igmándi kispap, (1881); Nézd meg az anyját (Bp., 1883); A Protekció (Bp., 1885); Himfy dalai (1898) Színművei (I-V., 1912) References Kozma Andor: B. Á. emlékezete (MTA Emlékbeszédek, Bp., 1921); Berczik Árpád: B. Á. (Bp., 1933); Molnár Pál: B. Á. a drámaíró (Bp., 1936). Magyar Életrajzi Lexikon External
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Árpád Berczik", {"description":'Hungarian writer', "alias":['Arpad Berczik']}], ["Budapest", {}], ["Writer", {}]]
Relations:[["Árpád Berczik", "place of death", "Budapest"], ["Árpád Berczik", "occupation", "Writer"]] |
### User:
Bernardo Vargas (born March 31, 1939) is an Argentine former footballer. Career Vargas played with Talleres Cordoba in 1958. In 1960, he played in the Argentine Primera División with Racing, and later with Argentinos Juniors. In 1964, he played in the Mexican Primera División with Club América. In 1965, he played in the Eastern Canada Professional Soccer League with Toronto Italia, where he secured an ECPSL Championship in 1966. He played with Toronto Falcons originally in the National Professional Soccer League in 1967, and later in the North American Soccer League. In 1968, he played in the American Soccer League
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Bernardo Vargas", {"description":'Argentinian association football player'}], ["Argentinos Juniors", {}], ["Club América", {}], ["Toronto Falcons", {}], ["Bernardo", {}]]
Relations:[["Bernardo Vargas", "member of sports team", "Argentinos Juniors"], ["Bernardo Vargas", "member of sports team", "Club América"], ["Bernardo Vargas", "member of sports team", "Toronto Falcons"], ["Bernardo Vargas", "given name", "Bernardo"]] |
### User:
purpose of the pyramid is under debate by scholars. Some possible explanations are that it is for the king's Ka, or it represents the king as the ruler of Upper Egypt, or it is for the viscera of the King, or it is a dummy room for the Sed festival, or it has a solar function. Zahi Hawass, who led the uncovering of the pyramid, believed that the satellite pyramid was used symbolically as a changing room for the Sed festival. See also Pyramid G1-a Pyramid G1-b Pyramid G1-c List of Egyptian pyramids References External links The discovery of the
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Pyramid G1-d", {"description":'building in Egypt'}], ["Egypt", {}]]
Relations:[["Pyramid G1-d", "country", "Egypt"]] |
### User:
Kingfisher First Nation (Oji-Cree language: ᑮᐡᑭᒪᓂᐦᓰᐋᐧᐴᕽ (Giishkimanisiiwaaboong, "At Kingfisher-waters"); unpointed: ᑭᐡᑭᒪᓂᓯᐊᐧᐳᐠ) is an Oji-Cree First Nation reserve located north of Sioux Lookout, Ontario. It is accessible by air all year and by waterway in summer and ice roads in winter. As of December 2009, the First Nation had a total registered population of 500 people, the on-reserve population being 462. The community speaks the Oji-Cree language, but most of it is fluent in English as well. The police Kingfisher Lake is the Nishnawbe-Aski Police Service, an Aboriginal-based service. History In 1808 the Hudson's Bay Company established an outpost at BigBeaver House, located approximately 12 kilometres southwest of the present Kingfisher Lake reserve. Big Beaver House was frequented by Kingfisher Lake people for trading fur, community activity and freight hauling employment. In 1929 to 1930, the leaders of Kingfisher Lake First Nation were required to gather at Big Trout Lake to participate in the signing of the adhesion to Treaty 9. As the result, Kingfisher Lake was considered a part of Big Trout Lake Band. In 1947, Ontario enacted the Trapline Registration and Fee Program, which eventually forced the Kingfisher Lake people to outline their ancestral hunting areas into trappingof Chief Eddie Mamakwa, Deputy Chief Verna Aganash and three Councillors: Amos Mamakwa, Esther Sakakeep, and Samuel Sturgeon. The First Nation is part of the Shibogama First Nations Council, a Regional Chiefs Council, and the Nishnawbe Aski Nation, a Tribal Political Organization representing majority of the First Nations in northern Ontario. Reserve The First Nation have reserved three tracts for their Indian Reserve: Kingfisher Lake 1 Indian Reserve, which serves as their main Reserve, containing the community of Kingfisher Lake, Ontario. Kingfisher 2A Indian Reserve Kingfisher 3A Indian Reserve External links AANDC profile Profile from Chiefs of Ontario 2006 Canadian
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Kingfisher First Nation", {"description":'human settlement in Ontario, Canada'}], ["Ontario", {}]]
Relations:[["Kingfisher First Nation", "located in the administrative territorial entity", "Ontario"]] |
### User:
The 2011–12 Tulsa Golden Hurricane men's basketball team represented the University of Tulsa during the 2011–12 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Golden Hurricane, led by seventh year head coach Doug Wojcik, played their home games at the Reynolds Center and are members of Conference USA. They finished the season 17–14, 10–6 in C-USA to finish in a tie for third place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the C-USA Basketball Tournament to Marshall. They did not accept an invitation to a post season tournament. Head coach Doug Wojcik was fired at the end of the season. He compiled
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["2011–12 Tulsa Golden Hurricane men's basketball team", {"description":'American college basketball season'}], ["Basketball", {}], ["Tulsa Golden Hurricane", {}]]
Relations:[["2011–12 Tulsa Golden Hurricane men's basketball team", "sport", "Basketball"], ["2011–12 Tulsa Golden Hurricane men's basketball team", "season of club or team", "Tulsa Golden Hurricane"]] |
### User:
The Mersing District is a district in Johor, Malaysia. The district capital is Mersing Town. Name The “Mersing” name is derived from the Chinese “Mau Sheng Port” (茂盛港) since 1880 and further simplify to Mersing. Mersing's Chinese name was renamed to “Feng Sheng Port” (丰盛港), with the meaning of good harvest. There are also said that Mersing's name is derived from Sikh traders who named Amir Singh and Men Singh. Geology Beside the mainland area, the district also consists of 36 islands. Geography With an area of 2,838 km2, Mersing District is the third largest district in Johor, which covers14.6% area of the state. As of 2001, the district has a total residence of 69,947 people. Administrative divisions Mersing District is divided into 10 mukims, which are: Jemaluang Lenggor Mersing Town Padang Endau Penyabong Offshore islands (Pulau Aur, Pulau Rawa, Pulau Tengah, Pulau Pemanggil, Pulau Sibu) Sembrong Tenggaroh Tenglu Triang Demographics In 2000, the annual population growth of the district was 1.21%. Economy The main economy activities in the district are ecotourism, fishery, marine activities, agriculture and light manufacturing. Tourist attractions Aur Island Besar Island Harimau Island Mount Arong Recreational Forest Pemanggil Island Rawa Island Sibu Island Taman Negara
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Mersing District", {"description":'district in Johor, Malaysia'}], ["Malaysia", {}], ["District", {}], ["Johor", {}], ["Mersing", {}]]
Relations:[["Mersing District", "country", "Malaysia"], ["Mersing District", "instance of", "District"], ["Mersing District", "located in the administrative territorial entity", "Johor"], ["Mersing District", "capital", "Mersing"]] |
### User:
The Black Sleep is a 1956 American independent horror film directed by Reginald LeBorg, and written by John C. Higgins from a story by Gerald Drayson Adams. It stars Basil Rathbone, Lon Chaney Jr., John Carradine, Bela Lugosi, and Akim Tamiroff. Tor Johnson appears in a supporting role. The film was produced by Aubrey Schenck and Howard W. Koch, as part of a four-picture finance-for-distribution arrangement with United Artists. The film was released as a double feature with the 1955 British film The Creeping Unknown. The Black Sleep was re-released in 1962 under the title Dr. Cadman's Secret. Plot Setin England in 1872, the story concerned a prominent, knighted surgeon whose wife has fallen into a coma caused by a deep-seated brain tumor. Due to medicine's state of the art at the time, he does not know how to reach the tumor without risking brain damage or death to the woman he loves, so he undertakes to secretly experiment on the brains of living, but involuntary, human subjects who are under the influence of a powerful Indian anesthetic, Nind Andhera, which he calls the "Black Sleep". Once he has finished his experiment, surviving subjects are revived and placed, inseriously degenerated and mutilated states, in a hidden cellar in the gloomy, abandoned country abbey where he conducts his experiments. Cast Basil Rathbone as Sir Joel Cadman Akim Tamiroff as Udu the Gypsy Herbert Rudley as Dr. Gordon Ramsay Patricia Blake as Laurie Munroe Phyllis Stanley as Daphnae Lon Chaney Jr. as Dr. Munroe aka Mungo John Carradine as "Bohemund" Bela Lugosi as Casimir Tor Johnson as Mr. Curry George Sawaya as Sailor Subject Sally Yarnell as Female Subject Peter Gordon as Det. Sgt. Steele Claire Carleton as Carmoda Daily John Sheffield as Det. Redford Clive Morgan as Roundsman BlevinsLouanna Gardner as Angelina Cadman Aubrey Schenck as Prison Coroner's Aide (uncredited) Release Produced during 1955, the film was released to theaters in the early summer of 1956. This was just ahead of the TV syndication, through Screen Gems, of two decades of Universal monster movies, under the package title Shock Theater. Writer Higgins, director LeBorg, and stars Rathbone, Chaney, Carradine, and Lugosi had all been significantly associated with Universal horror films or related B movies. The Black Sleep is similar to Universal's two "houseful" of monster films released in the mid-40s, House of Frankenstein and House of Dracula, onlyrelying on a completely new cadre of human monsters. Critical reception Amongst contemporary reviews, Variety wrote that the film "plays the horror tale fairly straight so what's happening is not too illogical until the finale wrapup, when all restraint comes off and the melodramatics run amok. ...Basil Rathbone is quite credible as the surgeon, enough so that the brain operations he performs will horrify many viewers"; and The Motion Picture Exhibitor noted that "Rathbone has a grand time as the mad scientist, assisted nobly by some of the best names in the horror field. Audiences should be frightened plenty, andpast experience proves that this can mean good grosses... Sure, a lot of it is corny, but it is all good fun in a grisly, frightening manner." Home media The Black Sleep was released by Kino on Blu ray in 2016 and contains audio commentary by Tom Weaver and David Schecter. See also List of American films of 1956 References External links The Black Sleep at Basilrathbone.net Category:1956 horror films Category:1956 films Category:American films Category:American science fiction horror films Category:Films directed by Reginald Le Borg Category:Films scored by Les Baxter Category:Mad scientist films Category:Films set in 1872 Category:Films set in
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["The Black Sleep", {"description":'1956 film by Reginald Le Borg', "alias":['Black Sleep']}], ["Film", {}], ["Basil Rathbone", {}], ["Akim Tamiroff", {}], ["John Carradine", {}], ["Bela Lugosi", {}], ["Tor Johnson", {}], ["Aubrey Schenck", {}], ["Howard W. Koch", {}], ["Horror film", {}], ["1956", {}], ["John C. Higgins", {}], ["Gerald Drayson Adams", {}], ["United Artists", {}], ["England", {}], ["Herbert Rudley", {}], ["Phyllis Stanley", {}], ["Claire Carleton", {}], ["Mad scientist", {}], ["Reginald Le Borg", {}], ["Les Baxter", {}]]
Relations:[["The Black Sleep", "instance of", "Film"], ["The Black Sleep", "cast member", "Basil Rathbone"], ["The Black Sleep", "cast member", "Akim Tamiroff"], ["The Black Sleep", "cast member", "John Carradine"], ["The Black Sleep", "cast member", "Bela Lugosi"], ["The Black Sleep", "cast member", "Tor Johnson"], ["The Black Sleep", "cast member", "Aubrey Schenck"], ["The Black Sleep", "producer", "Howard W. Koch"], ["The Black Sleep", "genre", "Horror film"], ["The Black Sleep", "publication date", "1956"], ["The Black Sleep", "screenwriter", "John C. Higgins"], ["The Black Sleep", "screenwriter", "Gerald Drayson Adams"], ["The Black Sleep", "distributed by", "United Artists"], ["The Black Sleep", "narrative location", "England"], ["The Black Sleep", "cast member", "Herbert Rudley"], ["The Black Sleep", "cast member", "Phyllis Stanley"], ["The Black Sleep", "cast member", "Claire Carleton"], ["The Black Sleep", "main subject", "Mad scientist"], ["The Black Sleep", "director", "Reginald Le Borg"], ["The Black Sleep", "composer", "Les Baxter"]] |
### User:
Arne Hamarsland (born 24 July 1933) is a Norwegian middle distance runner who specialized in 1500 metres. He represented IL Gular. At the 1960 Summer Olympics he finished ninth in the 1500 m final in 3:45.0 minutes. He also competed at the 1958 European Championships without reaching the final. He became Norwegian champion in 800 m in 1960 and 1961 and in 1500 m in the years 1955-1956, 1959-1961 and 1963. He has represented the Centre Party for eight years in Ytrebygda borough council, and chaired Bergen Sports Council from 1997 to 1998. Personal bests 800 metres - 1:49.1 min
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Arne Hamarsland", {"description":'Norwegian distance runner'}], ["1960 Summer Olympics", {}]]
Relations:[["Arne Hamarsland", "participant in", "1960 Summer Olympics"]] |
### User:
Gustavo Montoya (July 9, 1905 – July 12, 2003) was a Mexican artist considered to be a late adherent to the Mexican School of Painting, most often associated with Mexican muralism. He was born in Mexico City, from a family associated with the Porfirio Díaz regime and who had to hide during part of the Mexican Revolution. He attended the Academy of San Carlos despite his father's objections. He later met and married artist Cordelia Urueta, with whom he lived in Paris, developing his artistic talents. He was not heavily involved in Mexico's artistic circles but was a founding memberof the Liga de Escritores y Artistas Revolucionarios and the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana. His best-selling work was that of children in regional traditional Mexican clothing, but he also painted many street scenes in Mexico City as well as portraits and still lifes. Life He was born in Mexico City on July 9, 1905, to Adolfo Montoya and Concepción Carranco. His father was part of the Porfirio Díaz government, so when that government fell at the beginning of the Mexican Revolution, the family went into hiding from Mexico City into the state of Morelos. At this time, Gustavo wasonly seven years old, but he remembered hearing that the Zapatistas had killed two neighboring families. To protect the family, the father moved them frequently, often going to one house at night and Gustavo waking up in another. At one point, they were at the house of a stableman, who dressed the family in their clothes. When Zapatistas came looking for them, they were told the family was not there and then bribed with a silver coin that Montoya's mother had. After a time, Montoya's father decided it was safe enough to return to Mexico City. The father dressed asa priest, taking advice from sympathetic people on how to look, and the family traveled in a large wagon safely. By 1918, the war had wound down and Montoya was able to finish middle school, when he expressed the desire to become a painter. His father objected but in the end accepted, allowing Montoya to enroll in the Academy of San Carlos. Montoya entered the school at age fifteen, with Germán Gedovius and Roberto Montenegro among his teachers, painting his earliest works such as "Cabeza de viejo", "Desnudo" and "La monja". He stated that the school only taught him the“craft” of art, not the “spirit” of it and for this reason he considered himself a mostly self-taught artist. His two main passions in life were women and painting. He married his first wife, Luz Saavedra, without his parents’ permission, moving into a very small apartment as the couple was very poor with no means of support. When his father saw this, he offered to help, using connections in Los Angeles to get Gustavo work creating posters in the United States. The couple had one daughter Rosa Elena Montoya Saavedra. The marriage did not last long, and Montoya returned toMexico. He met his second wife, Cordelia Urueta, at the studio of Pastor Velázquez. Velazquez was renting space that could be used as a studio and Montoya asked Urueta to join him and other artists to rent it. It allowed Montoya to date Urueta. Montoya proposed to Urueta, who accepted with the condition that he move with her to Europe where she had received a diplomatic post at the Mexican embassy in Paris. He received a grant from the Mexican government to travel to Switzerland, England and Italy to study European vanguard art and resided in Paris with his wife.His time in Europe allowed him to develop as an artist, including learning to paint with his non-dominant left hand in order to experience art from a different physiognomy. In 1965, Montoya and Urueta divorced after twenty six years of marriage. He was mostly solitary and did not involve himself in artistic circles. However, he was a founding member of the Liga de Escritores y Artistas Revolucionarios along with Cordelia Urueta and others. He was also a founding member of the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana . His last apartment was a modest dwelling on Calle Victoria across from theSan Juan Market in the historic center of Mexico City, where he spent the rest of his life. He won three medals as a tennis player, the last of which when he was seventy five. His last wife was Trina Hungria. When he died, he had four grandchildren. He died at age 98 in Mexico City on July 12, 2003. His body was cremated at the Panteón Español. Career His first professional artistic work was making posters for movies with the West Coast Theaters Co in the United States, starting in 1928. He returned for a time to Mexico, workingwith Pastor Velázquez and other artists and working in 1936 at the Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas (ENAP) . He then went to Europe, then New York where he had several exhibitions before returning again to Mexico in 1942. At this time, he became focused on the work of fellow Mexicans, joining the Mexican neo-realism movement to continue the traditions of Mexican muralism. He began to teach at ENAP again in 1953. His first exhibition was at the Durand Gallery in Los Angeles, California followed by exhibits in Mexico as well as Peru, the United States, Belgium, Japan and otherexhibited at the Galeria Arte Nucleo in Mexico City. He participated in collective exhibitions at the Museo Mural Diego Rivera and the Galeria Marstelle in 1995 and 1996. In 1997, the Museo Mural Diego Rivera realized an anthology of his work, referring to him as a “Great Silent One.” His most commercially successful work was that of children dressed in regional traditional clothing, showing influence from Diego Rivera. Most of the collectors of his work were those who appreciated his traditional style, mostly from the United States. Significant works include “Las calles de Mexico" (1945), "Bodegones mexicanos" (1951), "Ninos mexicanos"(1954), "Muros" (1962) and "Ajedrez" (1971). His last works include "Agonia de una tarde", "Autorretrato muerto" and "La muerte canta" in 1996. Artistry He spent most of his career painting the streets of Mexico and its inhabitants. He painted murals, still lifes, portraits and street scenes. Elements in his work include mansions, tenements, churches, alleys and markets of Mexico City. He preferred to paint the poor and working class, considering them the more “authentic” of Mexico City's residents. His work has been called “late Mexican School of Painting” as it is in the style of the muralists of the early
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Gustavo Montoya", {"description":'Mexican artist and painter (1905-2003)'}], ["Mexico", {}], ["Artist", {}], ["Gustavo", {}], ["Mexico City", {}], ["Cordelia Urueta", {}], ["Liga de Escritores y Artistas Revolucionarios", {}], ["Painter", {}]]
Relations:[["Gustavo Montoya", "country of citizenship", "Mexico"], ["Gustavo Montoya", "occupation", "Artist"], ["Gustavo Montoya", "given name", "Gustavo"], ["Gustavo Montoya", "place of birth", "Mexico City"], ["Gustavo Montoya", "spouse", "Cordelia Urueta"], ["Gustavo Montoya", "place of death", "Mexico City"], ["Gustavo Montoya", "member of", "Liga de Escritores y Artistas Revolucionarios"], ["Gustavo Montoya", "occupation", "Painter"]] |
### User:
Short-handed is a term used in ice hockey and several related sports, including water polo, and refers to having fewer skaters (players) on the ice during play, as a result of a penalty. The player removed from play serves the penalty in the penalty box for a set amount of time proportional to the severity of the infraction. If a goaltender commits a minor infraction, another player who was on the ice at the time of the penalty serves, often but not necessarily the team captain. The penalized team is said to be on the penalty kill, abbreviated as "PK"possible if two players on one team are serving penalties at the same time. Short-handed goals A short-handed goal is a goal scored in ice hockey when a team's on-ice players are outnumbered by the opposing team's. Normally, a team would be outnumbered because of a penalty incurred. However, the opposing team on the power play often only has one defenseman at the rear rather than the typical two, in favor of adding another attacker. This strategy can often be exploited by the short-handed team, if they do manage to get the puck out into the neutral zone leaving most
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Short-handed", {"description":'in team sports (esp. hockey and water polo), the situation of having fewer players in play as a result of a penalty'}], ["Ice hockey", {}]]
Relations:[["Short-handed", "sport", "Ice hockey"]] |
### User:
Satanas sa Lupa (“Satan on Earth”), subtitled “nobelang pangkasalukuyan” (“Present-day Novel”), is a 1970 Tagalog-language novel by Filipino author and scriptwriter Celso Al. Carunungan, one of the “titans of Philippine literature”. The novel criticizes the Philippine government and society during the early part of the 1970s, a reason why the author had been included among the group known as "Class 1081", Filipinos imprisoned when Martial Law was declared by Ferdinand Marcos in 1972. Apart from being one of the political novels in the Philippines from 1967 to 1972 that "represented a clamor for change in society" (Filipino: kinatawan ng paghinging pagbabago sa lipunan), Satanas sa Lupa was one of the novels in the Philippines that incorporated romanticism in its plot using the "love triangle" (Filipino: tatsulukan ng pag-ibig) genre, a genre that began in the Philippines in 1906 through another novel entitled Juan Masili by another Filipino author named Patricio Mariano. The love triangle in Satanas sa Lupa is between the characters Benigno Talavera, Conrado, and Chona. Description According to Ruby Gamboa-Alcantara in her "Romantisismo, Estilong Pilipino" Itinatak sa Nobelang Tagalog ("Romanticism, Filipino Style" Stamped on the Tagalog Novel), the character Benigno Talavera was the representative of Philippine politics
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Satanas sa Lupa", {"description":'book by Celso Al. Carunungan'}], ["Celso Al. Carunungan", {}], ["Novel", {}], ["Philippines", {}]]
Relations:[["Satanas sa Lupa", "author", "Celso Al. Carunungan"], ["Satanas sa Lupa", "genre", "Novel"], ["Satanas sa Lupa", "country of origin", "Philippines"]] |
### User:
The Chiltern School is a coeducational special school located over two sites in Dunstable and Houghton Regis in Bedfordshire, England. The school accepts pupils from all over the Central Bedfordshire area. Special education The Chiltern School is for pupils between the ages of 3 and 19 years of age, whose special educational needs fall within the categories of moderate to severe learning difficulties. Some pupils may have additional medical, physical or sensory impairments or emotional and behavioural difficulties. Facilities for pupils at the Houghton Regis campus of the school include sensory rooms, and a residential bungalow on campus which isused to support the development of pupils' life skills. History The school was formed in 2012 from the merger of Glenwood School in Dunstable and Hillcrest School in Houghton Regis. The school continues to operate over both sites with the primary department of the school based in Dunstable and the secondary department based in Houghton Regis. The school celebrated its first anniversary in 2013, with celebrants noting achievements of students and staff. In 2014, head teacher Shirley-Anne Crosbie was awarded the Order of the British Empire for "For services to Children with Special Needs Education". Since September 2017, Lisa Leonard
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["The Chiltern School", {"description":'school in Central Bedfordshire, UK'}], ["Dunstable", {}], ["Central Bedfordshire", {}], ["2012", {}]]
Relations:[["The Chiltern School", "located in the administrative territorial entity", "Dunstable"], ["The Chiltern School", "located in the administrative territorial entity", "Central Bedfordshire"], ["The Chiltern School", "location", "Dunstable"], ["The Chiltern School", "inception", "2012"]] |
### User:
Haldea striatula (formerly Virginia striatula), commonly called the rough earth snake, is a species of nonvenomous natricine colubrid snake native to the southeastern United States. Taxonomy The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1766, as Coluber striatulus. Over the next two and a half centuries its scientific name has been changed several times (see synonyms). Most recently, the generic name was changed back from Virginia to Haldea in 2013. Common names Other common names for Haldea striatula include: brown ground snake, brown snake, ground snake, little brown snake, little striped snake, small brown viper, small-eyed brown snake, southernDe Kay's brown snake retains these markings into adulthood. Also, S. dekayi has a rounder snout than H. striatula. Habitat The rough earth snake is fossorial, hiding beneath logs, rocks, or ornamental stones, in leaf litter, or in compost piles and gardens. The species is found in a variety of forested habitats with plenty of ground cover, as well as in many urban areas. It can reach very high densities in urban gardens, parks, and vacant lots. Reproduction H. striatula is viviparous, giving birth to 3 to 8 live young in mid-summer. Newborns are about 10 cm (4 inches) in22 + Map 124). Conant R, Bridges W (1939). What Snake is That?: A Field Guide to the Snakes of the United States East of the Rocky Mountains. (with 108 drawings by Edmond Malnate). New York and London: D. Appleton-Century Company. Frontispiece map + viii + 163 pp. + Plates A-C, 1-32. (Haldea striatula, pp. 113–114). Linnaeus C (1766). Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, diferentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio Duodecima, Reformata. Stockholm: L. Salvius. 532 pp. (Coluber striatulus, new species, p. 275). (in Latin). Schmidt KP, Davis DD (1941). Field Bookof Snakes of the United States and Canada. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp. (Haldea striatula, pp. 231–232, Figure 75 + Plate 25). Smith HM, Brodie ED Jr (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. (hardcover), (paperback). (Virginia striatula, pp. 152–153). Stejneger L, Barbour T (1917). A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 125 pp. (Potamophis striatulus, p. 99). Wright AH, Wright AA (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, A Division of Cornell
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Haldea striatula", {"description":'species of reptile'}], ["Species", {}], ["United States", {}]]
Relations:[["Haldea striatula", "taxon rank", "Species"], ["Haldea striatula", "endemic to", "United States"]] |
### User:
Robert Davol Budlong (1902–1955) was an American industrial designer from Denver, Colorado. He studied art at Cummings School of Art in Des Moines, Iowa and graduated from Grinnell College, Iowa in 1921. This was followed by further study at the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts. He started his design career in 1933, with the Hammond Clock Company and, in 1934-1935, became a design consultant with Zenith Radio. This involvement with Zenith was to last until his death. He designed many of Zenith's pre-war portable radios, and virtually their entire "Trans-Oceanic" line. His other radio designs included a "universal portable" AC/DC
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Robert Davol Budlong", {"description":'American industrial designer'}], ["1902", {}], ["1955", {}], ["Robert", {}]]
Relations:[["Robert Davol Budlong", "date of birth", "1902"], ["Robert Davol Budlong", "date of death", "1955"], ["Robert Davol Budlong", "given name", "Robert"]] |
### User:
The Baton Rouge Police Department (BRPD) is the primary law enforcement agency in the city of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The Chief of Police, as of March 8, 2018, was Murphy Paul. The Baton Rouge Police Department has been accredited by the Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies (CALEA) since 1996. History Baton Rouge was incorporated in 1817 and the Baton Rouge Police Department was formally established in 1865, just after the end of the Civil War, with the appointment of the first Chief of Police. Currently the Baton Rouge Police Department receives about 215,000 service calls. In an average
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Baton Rouge Police Department", {"description":'primary law enforcement agency in the city of Baton Rouge, Louisiana', "alias":['BRPD']}], ["Law enforcement agency", {}]]
Relations:[["Baton Rouge Police Department", "instance of", "Law enforcement agency"]] |
### User:
Y. P. Varshni (born 1932) is a scientist in the areas of physics and astrophysics. Varshni studied at Allahabad University, where he obtained his B.Sc in 1950, his M.Sc. in 1952, and his Ph.D. in 1956. He published his first research paper in 1951 at the age of 19. He served as an assistant professor in the Physics Dept., Allahabad University for the period 1955–60. Varshni emigrated to Canada as a postdoctorate fellow at the National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada in July 1960. For the next two years he worked in theoretical physics under Ta-You Wu, a distinguished physicist who
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Y. P. Varshni", {"description":'Canadian-Indian astronomer'}], ["Physicist", {}], ["1932", {}], ["Canada", {}]]
Relations:[["Y. P. Varshni", "occupation", "Physicist"], ["Y. P. Varshni", "date of birth", "1932"], ["Y. P. Varshni", "country of citizenship", "Canada"]] |
### User:
A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge (stylized onscreen as A Nightmare on Elm Street Part 2: Freddy's Revenge) is a 1985 American slasher film directed by Jack Sholder and written by David Chaskin. It stars Mark Patton, Kim Myers, Robert Englund as Freddy Krueger, and Robert Rusler. It is the second installment in the A Nightmare on Elm Street film series. The film follows Jesse Walsh, a teenager who begins having recurring nightmares about Freddy Krueger after moving into the former home of Nancy Thompson from the first film. Freddy's Revenge was released on November 1, 1985, andgrossed $30 million at the domestic box office on a budget of $3 million. It received mixed reviews from critics upon release, with many comparing it unfavorably to its predecessor. However, it has enjoyed later success as a cult classic, with critics having reassessed the film's homoerotic themes and subject material. It was distributed by New Line Cinema. The film was followed by A Nightmare on Elm Street 3: Dream Warriors. Plot Five years after Freddy Krueger's apparent defeat, the Walshes have moved into the Thompsons' former home. Their teenage son, Jesse, has a nightmare about being stalked by athe steam and Freddy emerges, killing Schneider by slashing his back. Later, Jesse is horrified to see the glove on his hand. He is escorted home by police after being found wandering the streets naked, and his parents begin to suspect that Jesse may be on drugs or mentally disturbed. Lisa takes Jesse to an abandoned factory where Freddy Krueger worked, but they find nothing there. The following night, Jesse goes to Lisa's pool party and kisses her in the cabana. Afterwards, his body begins to change and he leaves in a panic. He goes to Grady's house, confesses toKerry are taking the bus to school, Jesse begins to notice similarities to his original nightmare and panics. After Lisa calms Jesse down, Kerry says that it is all over just before Freddy's clawed arm bursts through her chest. Freddy laughs as the bus drives into the field, just as in Jesse's first nightmare. Cast Production Development Screenwriter Leslie Bohem pitched the producers with his idea of using pregnancy and possession as a plot device for the second film: “My concept was a homage to Rosemary's Baby. I came up with a plot that had a new family move intopregnancy idea would eventually be used in the sequel A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child, which Bohem would write the script for. Robert Shaye offered Wes Craven the chance to direct again, but he turned down the offer since he had many problems with the script, such as the "possessed parakeet" that seemed very ridiculous to him, and of Freddy merging with the main character and manifesting in real life at the pool party to kill scores of teenagers of which many are bigger than him, which Craven thought would diminish Freddy's scare factor as Robert Englundis not very tall in stature. The intro scene with Jesse's nightmare of Freddy driving the bus was carried over from the previous film; Craven was vehemently against Freddy appearing in person as the driver of the car in the epilogue scene, as he felt the storyline for Nancy, Tina, Rod and Glen should be self-contained in the first film. The compromise between him and Shaye was therefore to use the idea of Freddy driving the vehicle for the sequel, but not for any characters from Craven's film. The character of Lisa Webber was named Lisa Poletti in the script.On Wes Craven's suggestions, Chaskin put more emphasis on Lisa in the film than he originally intended; he explains that Craven "suggested that we shift the focus from Jesse the male lead. In the script the focus was on Jesse for 90% of the film, then suddenly it shifted to Lisa, his girlfriend. I pretty much added some focus on Lisa, and now it's like 50-50." Casting New Line Cinema originally thought to save money by simply using an unnamed extra in a rubber mask to play Freddy - as had been the case for masked, mute, impersonal killers likeJason Voorhees and Michael Myers - but reconsidered when they realized that the man had the gait and posture of "a dimestore monster" or "Frankenstein's monster" as opposed to Robert Englund's classically trained physical acting. The extra as Freddy still remained in one scene left in the film, during coach Schneider's death scene in the shower, though obscured by excessive water steam. Realizing their mistake, the producers quickly brought back Englund for the rest of the film and series. Filming The film's special effects were headed by Kevin Yagher, who handled Freddy's design, and Mark Shostrom, who was responsible forthe transformation effects wherein Freddy comes out of Jesse's body. David B. Miller, who created the makeup for the original film, was busy working on Cocoon and My Science Project. In a later interview, Yagher expressed disappointment and confusion regarding the ending of the film. Release Box office The film opened on 522 screens in the New York, Washington D.C., Detroit and Texas areas. Varying figures have been reported for its opening weekend. Daily Variety reported it opening with $3,865,475 placing it second for the weekend behind Death Wish 3. An advert in the following day's Weekly Variety claimed ithad grossed $3,220,348 placing it third behind To Live and Die in L.A. and contemporary websites such as Box Office Mojo report it grossing exactly $1 million less than the initial Daily Variety figure, with only $2.9 million, coming in fourth place. Whichever figure is used, the per screen total was higher than the other films in the top 10. The following weekend, it grossed $1,819,203 for a 10-day total of $5,569,334 (which New Line also reported in an advertisement), which indicates that the initial figure reported by Daily Variety was overstated. In the US, the film eventually made $30million on a budget of $3 million. Reception Critical reception Critical reaction of the film was mixed upon release, with some criticism in comparison to its predecessor. Janet Maslin of The New York Times praised the film, saying that it has "clever special effects, a good leading performance and a villain so chatty he practically makes this a human-interest story". The review also gave the lead performances positive reviews, noting, "Mr. Patton and Miss Myers make likable teen-age heroes, and Mr. Englund actually turns Freddy into a welcome presence. Clu Gulager and Hope Lange have some good moments as Jesse'sparents, and Marshall Bell scowls ferociously as the coach who calls his charges dirtballs and who is eventually attacked by a demonic towel." Variety gave the film a positive review saying, "Episodic treatment is punched up by an imaginative series of special effects. The standout is a grisly chest-burster setpiece." In a negative review, People called the film a "tedious, humorless mess". The film currently holds a 43% approval rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 28 reviews. The site's consensus is: An intriguing subtext of repressed sexuality gives Freddy's Revenge some texture, but the Nightmare losesits edge in a sequel that lacks convincing performances or memorable scares. Homoerotic subtext Film commentators have often remarked on the film's perceived homoerotic theme, claiming its subtext suggests Jesse is a repressed homosexual (never clarified in the movie). They note, in particular, the scenes where he encounters his gym teacher at a gay bar, and his flight to a male friend's house after he attempts to make out with his girlfriend at her pool party. Further, actor Mark Patton, who plays Jesse, played a role so often written as female in the subgenre (such as in the first film)that it has become known as the "final girl". At the time of its release, one publication referred to it as "the gayest horror film ever". In the 21st century, it has become a cult film for gay audiences. On Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy, David Chaskin refers to a 2009 list on Cracked.com which lists "The 5 Most Unintentionally Gay Horror Movies", with Freddy's Revenge as number one, and states that "There is nothing logical that can explain the level of homoeroticism in this movie". The book Welcome to Our Nightmares: Behind the Scene with Today's HorrorActors elaborates on the film's homoerotic subtext, stating that: "The film suggested an undertone of homosexuality, starting with the protagonist's gender-neutral name. Jesse's rarely fully clothed. He and a tormentor have a sweaty wrestling match. His coach, clad in leather, basically hits on him in a gay bar, then gets killed by Freddy, including a bare-ass spanking. Freddy emerges from Jesse's stomach in the same forced-birth technique that made the Alien films legendary." Mark Patton has claimed the film's gay subtext was increasingly emphasised through script rewrites as production progressed. "It just became undeniable" he told BuzzFeed in 2016. "I'mhe told a reporter that Patton had simply played the part "too gay". The emotional stress of the film led Patton to leave acting shortly afterwards for a career in interior decorating. While Chaskin has tried to reach out and apologize to Patton over the years, with limited success, he maintains that Patton's "interpretations of Jesse were choices that he made ... I have to believe that he 'got it' and that was how he decided to play it." In 2010, Chaskin finally admitted it was a deliberate choice on his part. "Homophobia was skyrocketing and I began to thinkabout our core audience—adolescent boys—and how all of this stuff might be trickling down into their psyches," he explained. "My thought was that tapping into that angst would give an extra edge to the horror." One scene that would have made the gay subtext more apparent, however, was toned down. Englund was actually prepared to insert one of his hand's knife blades into Jessie's mouth instead of merely caressing his lips with it as he does in the finished film, but Patton did not feel comfortable with it. The film's makeup artist suggested to Patton that he not do thescene that way to protect his image. In a February 2010 interview with Attitude magazine, Englund said "... the second Nightmare on Elm Street is obviously intended as a bisexual themed film. It was early '80s, pre-AIDS paranoia. Jesse's wrestling with whether to come out or not and his own sexual desires was manifested by Freddy. His friend is the object of his affection. That's all there in that film. We did it subtly but the casting of Mark Patton was intentional too, because Mark was out and had done Come Back to the Five and Dime, Jimmy Dean, JimmyDean." In an article written by Brent Hartinger for AfterElton.com, he notes that a "frequent debate in gay pop culture circles is this: Just how 'gay' was 1985's A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge (the first Elm Street sequel)? The imagery in the movie makes it seem unmistakably gay — but the filmmakers have all along denied that that was their intention." During his interview segment for the 2010 documentary film Never Sleep Again: The Elm Street Legacy, David Chaskin admitted that the gay themes were intentional, something he had denied until that point. The rest of thecast and crew have said that they were unaware of any such themes at the time they made the film, but that a series of creative decisions on the part of director Jack Sholder unintentionally brought Chaskin's themes to the forefront. In an interview Sholder said, "I simply didn't have the self-awareness to realize that any of this might be interpreted as gay". Now-out Mark Patton said, "I don't think that [the character] Jesse was originally written as a gay character. I think it's something that happened along the line by serendipity". Patton also wrote Jesse's Lost Journal about Jesse'slife after the film and dealing with his homosexuality. Soundtrack The film's score was composed by Christopher Young. The song "Have You Ever Seen a Dream Walking" performed by Bing Crosby plays over the film's end credits. The songs "Touch Me (All Night Long)" by Fonda Rae, "Whisper to a Scream" by Bobby Orlando, "On the Air Tonight" by Willy Finlayson, "Moving in the Night" by Skagerack, and "Terror in My Heart" by the Reds are also featured in the film. See also List of ghost films List of monster movies References External links Category:1985 films Category:1985 horror films Category:1980s
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge", {"description":'1985 film by Jack Sholder', "alias":["Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge"]}], ["Film", {}], ["Jack Sholder", {}], ["Mark Patton", {}], ["Kim Myers", {}], ["Robert Rusler", {}], ["Robert Englund", {}], ["Slasher film", {}], ["1985", {}], ["Freddy Krueger", {}], ["New Line Cinema", {}], ["Robert Shaye", {}], ["Clu Gulager", {}], ["Hope Lange", {}], ["Marshall Bell", {}], ["Horror film", {}], ["Christopher Young", {}]]
Relations:[["A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge", "instance of", "Film"], ["A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge", "director", "Jack Sholder"], ["A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge", "cast member", "Mark Patton"], ["A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge", "cast member", "Kim Myers"], ["A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge", "cast member", "Robert Rusler"], ["A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge", "cast member", "Robert Englund"], ["A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge", "genre", "Slasher film"], ["A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge", "publication date", "1985"], ["A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge", "characters", "Freddy Krueger"], ["A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge", "distributed by", "New Line Cinema"], ["A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge", "producer", "Robert Shaye"], ["A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge", "cast member", "Clu Gulager"], ["A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge", "cast member", "Hope Lange"], ["A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge", "cast member", "Marshall Bell"], ["A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge", "genre", "Horror film"], ["A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge", "composer", "Christopher Young"], ["A Nightmare on Elm Street 2: Freddy's Revenge", "performer", "Christopher Young"]] |
### User:
Arab citizens of Israel, or Arab Israelis, are Israeli citizens who are Arab. Many Arab citizens of Israel self-identify as Palestinian and commonly self-designate themselves as Palestinian citizens of Israel or Israeli Palestinians. According to a 2017 survey by University of Haifa professor Sammy Smooha, 16% of the Arab population prefers the term "Israeli Arab", while the largest and fastest growing proportion prefers "Palestinian in Israel", and 17% prefer "Palestinian Arab", rejecting entirely the identity of "Israeli". The traditional vernacular of most Arab citizens, irrespective of religion, is Levantine Arabic, including Lebanese Arabic in northern Israel, Palestinian dialect of Arabicin central Israel and Bedouin dialects across the Negev desert; having absorbed much Hebrew loanwords and phrases, the modern dialect of Arab citizens of Israel is defined by some as the Israeli Arabic dialect. Most Arab citizens of Israel are functionally bilingual, their second language being Modern Hebrew. By religious affiliation, most are Muslim, particularly of the Sunni branch of Islam. There is a significant Arab Christian minority from various denominations as well as the Druze, among other religious communities. According to Israel's Central Bureau of Statistics, the Arab population in 2019 was estimated at 1,890,000, representing 20.95% of thecountry's population. The majority of these identify themselves as Arab or Palestinian by nationality and Israeli by citizenship. Arab citizens of Israel mostly live in Arab-majority towns and cities; eight of Israel's ten poorest cities are Arab. The vast majority attend separate schools to Jewish Israelis, and Arab political parties have never joined a government coalition. Many have family ties to Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip as well as to Palestinian refugees in Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. Galilee Bedouins, Negev Bedouins and the Druze tend to identify more as Israelis than other Arab citizens of Israel. TheArabs living in East Jerusalem and the Druze in the Golan Heights, occupied by Israel in the Six-Day War of 1967 and later annexed, were offered Israeli citizenship, but most have refused, not wanting to recognize Israel's claim to sovereignty. They became permanent residents instead. They have the right to apply for citizenship, are entitled to municipal services and have municipal voting rights. Terminology How to refer to the Arab citizenry of Israel is a highly politicized issue, and there are a number of self-identification labels used by members of this community. Generally speaking, supporters of Israel tend to useIsraeli Arab or Arab Israeli to refer to this population without mentioning Palestine, while critics of Israel (or supporters of Palestinians) tend to use Palestinian or Palestinian Arab without referencing Israel. According to The New York Times, most preferred to identify themselves as Palestinian citizens of Israel rather than as Israeli Arabs, as of 2012. The New York Times uses both 'Palestinian Israelis' and 'Israeli Arabs' to refer to the same population. Common practice in contemporary academic literature is to identify this community as Palestinian as it is how the majority self-identify (See Self-Identification below for more). Terms preferred bymost Arab citizens to identify themselves include Palestinians, Palestinians in Israel, Israeli Palestinians, the Palestinians of 1948, Palestinian Arabs, Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel or Palestinian citizens of Israel. There are, however, individuals from among the Arab citizenry who reject the term Palestinian altogether. A minority of Israel's Arab citizens include "Israeli" in some way in their self-identifying label; the majority identify as Palestinian by nationality and Israeli by citizenship. The Israeli establishment prefers Israeli Arabs or Arabs in Israel, and also uses the terms the minorities, the Arab sector, Arabs of Israel and Arab citizens of Israel. These labelshave been criticized for denying this population a political or national identification, obscuring their Palestinian identity and connection to Palestine. The term Israeli Arabs in particular is viewed as a construct of the Israeli authorities. It is nonetheless used by a significant minority of the Arab population, "reflecting its dominance in Israeli social discourse." Other terms used to refer to this population include Palestinian Arabs in Israel, Israeli Palestinian Arabs, the Arabs inside the Green Line, and the Arabs within (). The latter two appellations, among others listed above, are not applied to the East Jerusalem Arab population or theDruze in the Golan Heights, as these territories were occupied by Israel in 1967. As the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics defines the area covered in its statistics survey as including East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, the number of Arabs in Israel is calculated as 20.95% of the Israeli population (2019). History 1948 Arab–Israeli War Most Israelis refer to the 1948 Arab–Israeli War as the War of Independence, while most Arab citizens refer to it as al-Nakba (the catastrophe), a reflection of differences in perception of the purpose and outcomes of the war. In the aftermath of the 1947–49war, the territory previously administered by the British Empire as Mandatory Palestine was de facto divided into three parts: the State of Israel, the Jordanian-held West Bank, and the Egyptian-held Gaza Strip. Of the estimated 950,000 Arabs that lived in the territory that became Israel before the war, over 80% fled or were expelled. The other 20%, some 156,000, remained. Arab citizens of Israel today are largely composed of the people who remained and their descendants. Others include some from the Gaza Strip and the West Bank who procured Israeli citizenship under family-unification provisions made significantly more stringent in theaftermath of the Second Intifada. Arabs who left their homes during the period of armed conflict, but remained in what had become Israeli territory, were considered to be "present absentees". In some cases, they were refused permission to return to their homes, which were expropriated and turned over to state ownership, as was the property of other Palestinian refugees. Some 274,000, or 1 of every 4 Arab citizens of Israel are "present absentees" or internally displaced Palestinians. Notable cases of "present absentees" include the residents of Saffuriyya and the Galilee villages of Kafr Bir'im and Iqrit. 1949–1966 While most Arabsremaining in Israel were granted citizenship, they were subject to martial law in the early years of the state. Zionism had given little serious thought as to how to integrate Arabs, and according to Ian Lustick subsequent policies were 'implemented by a rigorous regime of military rule that dominated what remained of the Arab population in territory ruled by Israel, enabling the state to expropriate most Arab-owned land, severely limit its access to investment capital and employment opportunity, and eliminate virtually all opportunities to use citizenship as a vehicle for gaining political influence'. Travel permits, curfews, administrative detentions, and expulsionswere part of life until 1966. A variety of Israeli legislative measures facilitated the transfer of land abandoned by Arabs to state ownership. These included the Absentee Property Law of 1950 which allowed the state to take control of land belonging to land owners who emigrated to other countries, and the Land Acquisition Law of 1953 which authorized the Ministry of Finance to transfer expropriated land to the state. Other common legal expedients included the use of emergency regulations to declare land belonging to Arab citizens a closed military zone, followed by the use of Ottoman legislation on abandoned landto take control of the land. Arabs who held Israeli citizenship were entitled to vote for the Israeli Knesset. Arab Knesset members have served in office since the First Knesset. The first Arab Knesset members were Amin-Salim Jarjora and Seif el-Din el-Zoubi who were members of the Democratic List of Nazareth party and Tawfik Toubi member of the Maki party. In 1965 a radical independent Arab group called al-Ard forming the Arab Socialist List tried to run for Knesset elections. The list was banned by the Israeli Central Elections Committee. In 1966, martial law was lifted completely, and the governmentlarger trend in the Arab World, the Islamic Movement emphasized moving Islam into the political realm. The Islamic movement built schools, provided other essential social services, constructed mosques, and encouraged prayer and conservative Islamic dress. The Islamic Movement began to affect electoral politics particularly at the local level. Many Arab citizens supported the First Intifada and assisted Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza, providing them with money, food, and clothes. A number of strikes were also held by Arab citizens in solidarity with Palestinians in the occupied territories. The years leading up to the Oslo Accords were a timeof optimism for Arab citizens. During the administration of Yitzhak Rabin, Arab parties played an important role in the formation of a governing coalition. Increased participation of Arab citizens was also seen at the civil society level. However, tension continued to exist with many Arabs calling for Israel to become a "state of all its citizens", thereby challenging the state's Jewish identity. In the 1999 elections for prime minister, 94% of the Arab electorate voted for Ehud Barak. However, Barak formed a broad left-right-center government without consulting the Arab parties, disappointing the Arab community. 2000–present Tensions between Arabs and thestate rose in October 2000 when 12 Arab citizens and one man from Gaza were killed while protesting the government's response to the Second Intifada. In response to this incident, the government established the Or Commission. The events of October 2000 caused many Arabs to question the nature of their Israeli citizenship. To a large extent, they boycotted the 2001 Israeli Elections as a means of protest. This boycott helped Ariel Sharon defeat Ehud Barak; as aforementioned, in the 1999 elections, 94 percent of Israel's Arab minority had voted for Ehud Barak. IDF enlistment by Bedouin citizens of Israel droppedsignificantly. During the 2006 Lebanon War, Arab advocacy organizations complained that the Israeli government had invested time and effort to protect Jewish citizens from Hezbollah attacks, but had neglected Arab citizens. They pointed to a dearth of bomb shelters in Arab towns and villages and a lack of basic emergency information in Arabic. Many Israeli Jews viewed the Arab opposition to government policy and sympathy with the Lebanese as a sign of disloyalty. In October 2006, tensions rose when Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert invited a right-wing political party Yisrael Beiteinu, to join his coalition government. The party leader, AvigdorLieberman, advocated an ethnicity based territory exchange, the Lieberman Plan, by transferring heavily populated Arab areas (mainly the Triangle), to Palestinian Authority control and annexing major Jewish Israeli settlement blocs in the West Bank close to the green line as part of a peace proposal. Arabs who would prefer to remain in Israel instead of becoming citizens of a Palestinian state would be able to move to Israel. All citizens of Israel, whether Jews or Arabs, would be required to pledge an oath of allegiance to retain citizenship. Those who refuse could remain in Israel as permanent residents. In January– was 1,413,500 people, about 20% of Israel's population. The Arab population in 2019 was estimated at 1,890,000, representing 20.95% of the country's population. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics (May 2003), Muslims, including Bedouins, make up 82% of the entire Arab population in Israel, along with around 9% Druze, and 9% Christians. Projections based on 2010 data, predicted that Arab Israelis will constitute 25% of Israel's population by 2025. The national language and mother tongue of Arab citizens, including the Druze, is Arabic and the colloquial spoken language is of the Palestinian Arabic dialect. Knowledge and commandof Modern Standard Arabic varies. Muslims Settled Traditionally settled communities of Muslim Arabs comprise about 70% of the Arab population in Israel. In 2010, the average number of children per mother was 3.84, dropping from 3.97 in 2008. The Muslim population is mostly young: 42% of Muslims are under the age of 15. The median age of Muslim Israelis is 18, while the median age of Jewish Israelis is 30. The percentage of people over 65 is less than 3% for Muslims, compared with 12% for the Jewish population. Bedouin (nomadic) According to the Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel, 110,000BaNegev), Bir Hadaj, Hura, Kuseife, Lakiya, Shaqib al-Salam (Segev Shalom) and Tel as-Sabi (Tel Sheva). Approximately 40–50% of Bedouin citizens of Israel live in 39–45 unrecognized villages that are not connected to the electrical grid and water mains. Druze Most Israeli Druze live in the north of the country and are recognised as a separate community to Arabs. The Galilean Druze and Druze of the Haifa region received Israeli citizenship automatically in 1948. After Israel captured the Golan Heights from Syria in 1967 and annexed it to Israel in 1981, the Druze of the Golan Heights were offered full Israelirecognized the Druze as a separate religious community, and are defined as a distinct ethnic group in the Israeli Ministry of Interior's census registration. While the Israeli education system is basically divided into Hebrew and Arabic speaking schools, the Druze have autonomy within the Arabic speaking branch. In a survey conducted in 2008 by Dr. Yusuf Hassan of Tel Aviv University 94% of Druze respondents identified as "Druze-Israelis" in the religious and national context, while a 2017 Pew Research Center poll reported that while 99% of Muslims and 96% of Christians identified as ethnically Arab, a smaller share of Druze,71%, identified likewise. Compared to other Christians and Muslims, Druze place less emphasis on Arab identity and self-identify more as Israeli. Most do not identify as Palestinians. Druze politicians in Israel include Ayoob Kara, who represented Likud in the Knesset; Majalli Wahabi of Kadima, the Deputy Speaker of the Knesset; and Said Nafa of the Arab party Balad. Christians Christian Arabs comprise about 9% of the Arab population in Israel. Approximately 70% reside in the north, in Jish, Eilabun, Kafr Yasif, Kafr Kanna, I'billin, Shefa-'Amr. Some Druze villages, such as Hurfeish and Maghar, have small Christian Arab populations. Nazareth hasthe largest Christian Arab population. The near entirety of Haifa's Arab minority is Christian as well. There are 117,000 or more Christian Arabs in Israel (and more than 35,000 non-Arab Christians). As of 2014 the Melkite Greek Catholic Church was the largest Christian community in Israel, where about 60% of Israeli Christians belonged to the Melkite Greek Catholic Church, while around 30% of Israeli Christians belonged to the Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem. Many Christian Arabs have been prominent in Arab political parties in Israel, and leaders have included Archbishop George Hakim, Emile Toma, Tawfik Toubi, Emile Habibi, and Azmito register as Arameans in Israel. This recognition comes after about seven years of activity by the Aramean Christian Foundation in Israel, which rather than sticking to an Arab identity, wishes to assimilate into an Israeli lifestyle. Aram is led by IDF Major Shadi Khalloul Risho and the Israeli Christian Recruitment Forum, headed by Father Gabriel Naddaf of the Greek-Orthodox Church and Major Ihab Shlayan. The move was condemned by the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate, which described it as an attempt to divide the Palestinian minority in Israel. Christian Arabs are one of the most educated groups in Israel. Statistically, ChristianArabs in Israel have the highest rates of educational attainment among all religious communities, according to a data by Israel Central Bureau of Statistics in 2010, 63% of Israeli Christian Arabs have had college or postgraduate education, the highest of any religious and ethno-religious group. Despite the fact that Arab Christians only represent 2% of the total Israeli population, in 2014 they accounted for 17% of the country's university students, and for 14% of its college students. There are more Christians who have attained a bachelor's degree or higher academic degrees than the median Israeli population. The rate of studentsstudying in the field of medicine was higher among Christian Arab students than that of all other sectors. and the percentage of Arab Christian women who are receiving higher education is also higher than that of other groups. The Israel Central Bureau of Statistics noted that when taking into account the data recorded over the years, Israeli Christian Arabs fared the best in terms of education in comparison to any other group receiving an education in Israel. In 2012 Christian Arabs had the highest rates of success at matriculation examinations, namely 69%, both in comparison to Muslim and Druze Israelisin the white collar professions. In Israel Arab Christians are portrayed as a hard working and upper middle class educated ethno-religious minority. According to the study "Are Christian Arabs the New Israeli Jews? Reflections on the Educational Level of Arab Christians in Israel" by Hanna David from the University of Tel Aviv, one of the factors why Israeli Arab Christians are the most educated segment of Israel's population is the high level of the Christian educational institutions. Christian schools in Israel are among the best schools in the country, and while those schools represent only 4% of the Arab schoolingsector, about 34% of Arab university students come from Christian schools, and about 87% of the Israeli Arabs in the high tech sector have been educated in Christian schools. A 2011 Maariv article described the Christian Arab sector as "the most successful in the education system", an opinion supported by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics and others who point out that Christian Arabs fared best in terms of education in comparison to any other group receiving an education in Israel. Self-identification The relationship of Arab citizens to the State of Israel is often fraught with tension and can bedifferent outcome, in which "there was consensus that Palestinian identity occupies a central place in their consciousness". Arabs living in East Jerusalem, occupied and administered by Israel since the Six-Day War of 1967, are a special case. Although they hold Israeli ID cards, most are permanent residents since few accepted Israel's offer of citizenship after the war's end, refusing to recognize its sovereignty, and most maintain close ties with the West Bank. As permanent residents, they are eligible to vote in Jerusalem's municipal elections, although only a small percentage takes advantage of this right. The remaining Druze population of theGolan Heights, occupied and administered by Israel in 1967, are considered permanent residents under the Golan Heights Law of 1981. Few have accepted full Israeli citizenship and the vast majority consider themselves citizens of Syria. Population In 2006, the official number of Arab residents in Israel was 1,413,500 people, about 20% of Israel's population. This figure includes 209,000 Arabs (14% of the Israeli Arab population) in East Jerusalem, also counted in the Palestinian statistics, although 98% of East Jerusalem Palestinians have either Israeli residency or Israeli citizenship. In 2012, the official number of Arab residents in Israel increased to 1,617,000Arab localities to have been established since 1948, with the aim of relocating the Arab Bedouin citizens (see preceding section on Bedouin). 46% of the country's Arabs (622,400 people) live in predominantly Arab communities in the north. In Nazareth was the largest Arab city, with a population of , roughly 40,000 of whom are Muslim. Shefa-'Amr has a population of approximately and the city is mixed with sizable populations of Muslims, Christians, and Druze. Jerusalem, a mixed city, has the largest overall Arab population. Jerusalem housed 332,400 Arabs in 2016 (37.7% of the city's residents) and together with the localState of Israel, not a single new Arab settlement has been established, with the exception of permanent housing projects for Bedouins in the Negev". The city, Givat Tantur, was never constructed even after 10 years. Major Arab localities Arabs make up the majority of the population of the "heart of the Galilee" and of the areas along the Green Line including the Wadi Ara region. Bedouin Arabs make up the majority of the northeastern section of the Negev. Perceived demographic threat In the northern part of Israel the percentage of Jewish population is declining. The increasing population of Arabs withinIsrael, and the majority status they hold in two major geographic regions – the Galilee and the Triangle – has become a growing point of open political contention in recent years. Dr. Wahid Abd Al-Magid, the editor of Al-Ahram Weekly's "Arab Strategic Report", predicts that: "The Arabs of 1948 (i.e. Arabs who stayed within the bounds of Israel and accepted citizenship) may become a majority in Israel in 2035, and they will certainly be the majority in 2048." Among Arabs, Muslims have the highest birth rate, followed by Druze, and then Christians. The phrase demographic threat (or demographic bomb) isused within the Israeli political sphere to describe the growth of Israel's Arab citizenry as constituting a threat to its maintenance of its status as a Jewish state with a Jewish demographic majority. Israeli historian Benny Morris stated in 2004 that, while he strongly opposes expulsion of Israeli Arabs, in case of an "apocalyptic" scenario where Israel comes under total attack with non-conventional weapons and comes under existential threat, an expulsion might be the only option. He compared the Israeli Arabs to a "time bomb" and "a potential fifth column" in both demographic and security terms and said they areliable to undermine the state in time of war. Several politicians have viewed the Arabs in Israel as a security and demographic threat. The phrase "demographic bomb" was famously used by Benjamin Netanyahu in 2003 when he noted that, if the percentage of Arab citizens rises above its current level of about 20 percent, Israel will not be able to maintain a Jewish demographic majority. Netanyahu's comments were criticized as racist by Arab Knesset members and a range of civil rights and human rights organizations, such as the Association for Civil Rights in Israel. Even earlier allusions to the "demographicearlier demographic predictions (for example, in the 1960s, predictions suggested that Arabs would be the majority in 1990). The study also demonstrated that Christian Arab and Druze birth rates were actually below those of Jewish birth rates in Israel. The study used data from a Gallup poll to demonstrate that the desired family size for Arabs in Israel and Jewish Israelis were the same. The study's population forecast for 2025 predicted that Arabs would comprise only 25% of the Israeli population. Nevertheless, the Bedouin population, with its high birth rates, continues to be perceived as a threat to a Jewishof "minister for strategic threats", Labour Party representative and science, sport and culture minister Ophir Pines-Paz resigned his post. In his resignation letter to Ehud Olmert, Pines-Paz wrote: "I couldn't sit in a government with a minister who preaches racism." The Lieberman Plan caused a stir among Arab citizens of Israel. Various polls show that Arabs in Israel do not wish to move to the West Bank or Gaza if a Palestinian state is created there. In a survey conducted by Kul Al-Arab among 1,000 residents of Um Al-Fahm, 83 percent of respondents opposed the idea of transferring their citya Jewish state. Two Arab parties ran in Israel's first election in 1949, with one, the Democratic List of Nazareth, winning two seats. Until the 1960s all Arab parties in the Knesset were aligned with Mapai, the ruling party. A minority of Arabs join and vote for Zionist parties; in the 2006 elections 30% of the Arab vote went to such parties, up from 25% in 2003, though down on the 1999 (31%) and 1996 elections (33%). Left-wing parties (i.e. Labor Party and Meretz-Yachad, and previously One Nation) are the most popular parties amongst Arabs, though some Druze have alsovoted for right-wing parties such as Likud and Yisrael Beiteinu, as well as the centrist Kadima. Arab-dominated parties typically do not join governing coalitions. However, historically these parties have formed alliances with dovish Israeli parties and promoted the formation of their governments by voting with them from the opposition. Arab parties are credited with keeping Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin in power, and they have suggested they would do the same for a government led by Labor leader Isaac Herzog and peace negotiator Tzipi Livni. A 2015 Haaretz poll found that a majority of Israeli Arabs would like their parties, thenrunning on a joint list, to join the governing coalition. Representation in the Knesset Palestinian Arabs sat in the state's first parliamentary assembly in 1949. In 2011, 13 of the 120 members of the Israeli Parliament are Arab citizens, most representing Arab political parties, and one of Israel's Supreme Court judges is a Palestinian Arab. The 2015 elections included 18 Arab members of Knesset. Along with 13 members of the Joint List, there were five Arab parliamentarians representing Zionist parties, which is more than double their number in the previous Knesset. Some Arab Members of the Knesset, past and present,permission. He was questioned "under caution" for 2.5 hours in the Petah Tikva station about his recent visit to Syria. Another former Arab Member of Knesset, Muhammad Kanaan, was also summoned for police questioning regarding the same trip. In 2010, six Arab MKs visited Libya, an openly anti-Zionist Arab state, and met with Muammar al-Gaddafi and various senior government officials. Gaddafi urged them to seek a one-state solution, and for Arabs to "multiply" in order to counter any "plots" to expel them. According to a study commissioned by the Arab Association of Human Rights entitled "Silencing Dissent," over the periodRaleb Majadele, was appointed a minister without portfolio, and a month later appointed minister for Science, Culture and Sport. The appointment of Majadele was criticized by far-right Israelis, some of whom are also within the Cabinet, but this drew condemnation across the mainstream Israeli political spectrum. Meanwhile, Arab lawmakers called the appointment an attempt to "whitewash Israel's discriminatory policies against its Arab minority". Knesset: Arab citizens of Israel have been elected to every Knesset, and currently hold 17 of its 120 seats. The first female Arab MP was Hussniya Jabara, a Muslim Arab from central Israel, who was elected ininclude Major General Hussain Fares, commander of Israel's border police, and Major General Yosef Mishlav, head of the Home Front Command and current Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories. Both are members of the Druze community. Other high-ranking officers in the IDF include Lieutenant Colonel Amos Yarkoni (born Abd el-Majid Hidr/ عبد الماجد حيدر) from the Bedouin community, a legendary officer in the Israel Defense Forces and one of six Israeli Arabs to have received the IDF's third highest decoration, the Medal of Distinguished Service. Israeli Police: In 2011, Jamal Hakroush became the first Muslim Arab deputy Inspector-General inmatters of general concern to the entire Arab community and making binding decisions." While it enjoys de facto recognition from the State of Israel, it lacks official or de jure recognition from the state for its activities in this capacity. Ta'ayush Ta'ayush is "a grassroots movement of Arabs and Jews working to break down the walls of racism and segregation by constructing a true Arab-Jewish partnership." Regional Council of Unrecognized Villages The Regional Council of Unrecognized Villages is a body of unofficial representatives of the unrecognized villages throughout the Negev region in the south. Attempts to ban Arab political partiescitizens," were banned by the Israeli Central Elections Committee, for refusing to recognize Israel as a "Jewish and democratic state" and making statements promoting armed struggle against it. The Supreme Court overruled the decision in January 2003. Bishara served as a Knesset member from 1996 to 2007. He reportedly told an audience in Lebanon in December 2005 that Arab citizens "[...] are like all Arabs, only with Israeli citizenship forced upon them [...] Return Palestine to us and take your democracy with you. We Arabs are not interested in it". Bishara resigned his Knesset office and left the country inIsraelis are citizens of Israel with equal rights" and states that "The only legal distinction between Arab and Jewish citizens is not one of rights, but rather of civic duty. Since Israel's establishment, Arab citizens have been exempted from compulsory service in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF)." Druze and Circassians are drafted into the Israeli army, while other Arabs may serve voluntarily; however, only a very small number of Arabs choose to volunteer for the Israeli army). Many Arab citizens feel that the state, as well as society at large, not only actively limits them to second-class citizenship, but treatsthem as enemies, affecting their perception of the de jure versus de facto quality of their citizenship. The joint document The Future Vision of the Palestinian Arabs in Israel, asserts: "Defining the Israeli State as a Jewish State and exploiting democracy in the service of its Jewishness excludes us, and creates tension between us and the nature and essence of the State." The document explains that by definition the "Jewish State" concept is based on ethnically preferential treatment towards Jews enshrined in immigration (the Law of Return) and land policy (the Jewish National Fund), and calls for the establishment ofminority rights protections enforced by an independent anti-discrimination commission. A 2004 report by Mossawa, an advocacy center for Palestinian-Arab citizens of Israel, states that since the events of October 2000, 16 Arabs had been killed by security forces, bringing the total to 29 victims of "institutional violence" in four years. Ahmed Sa'adi, in his article on The Concept of Protest and its Representation by the Or Commission, states that since 1948 the only protestors to be killed by the police have been Arabs. Yousef Munayyer, an Israeli citizen and the executive director of The Jerusalem Fund, wrote that Palestinians onlyhave varying degrees of limited rights in Israel. He states that although Palestinians make up about 20% of Israel's population, less than 7% of the budget is allocated to Palestinian citizens. He describes the 1.5 million Arab citizens of Israel as second-class citizens while four million more are not citizens at all. He states that a Jew from any country can move to Israel but a Palestinian refugee, with a valid claim to property in Israel, cannot. Munayyer also described the difficulties he and his wife faced when visiting the country. Arabic and Hebrew as official languages Arabic was untilJuly 2018 one of Israel's official languages. The use of Arabic increased significantly following Supreme Court rulings in the 1990s. Basic Law: Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People defines Hebrew as the official language of the State and gives the Arabic language a special status. Government ministries publish all material intended for the public in Hebrew, with selected material translated into Arabic, English, Russian, and other languages spoken in Israel. There are laws that secure the Arab population's right to receive information in Arabic. Some examples include a portion of the public television channels' productions must be inArabic or translated into Arabic, safety regulations in working places must be published in Arabic if a significant number of the workers are Arabs, information about medicines or dangerous chemicals must be provided in Arabic, and information regarding elections must be provided in Arabic. The country's laws are published in Hebrew, and eventually English and Arabic translations are published. Publishing the law in Hebrew in the official gazette (Reshumot) is enough to make it valid. Unavailability of an Arabic translation can be regarded as a legal defense only if the defendant proves he could not understand the meaning of thelaw in any conceivable way. Following appeals to the Israeli Supreme Court, the use of Arabic on street signs and labels increased dramatically. In response to one of the appeals presented by Arab Israeli organizations, the Supreme Court ruled that although second to Hebrew, Arabic is an official language of the State of Israel, and should be used extensively. Today most highway signage is trilingual (Hebrew, Arabic, and English). Many Arab villages lack street signs of any kind and the Hebrew name is often used. The state's schools in Arab communities teach in Arabic according to a specially adapted curriculum.This curriculum includes mandatory lessons of Hebrew as foreign language from the 3rd grade onwards. Arabic is taught in Hebrew-speaking schools, but only the basic level is mandatory. In the summer of 2008, there was an unsuccessful attempt of right-wing lawmakers to strip Arabic of its status alongside Hebrew as an official language of the state. Israeli national symbols Some Arab politicians have requested a reevaluation of the Israeli flag and national anthem, arguing that the Star of David at the flag's center is an exclusively Jewish symbol, and Hatikvah does not represent Arab citizens, since it speaks of the2003, Israel enacted the Citizenship and Entry into Israel Law (Temporary Provision), 5763-2003, a one-year amendment to Israel's Citizenship Law denying citizenship and Israeli residence to Palestinians who reside in the West Bank or Gaza Strip and who marry Israelis; the rule has been waived for any Palestinian "who identifies with the State of Israel and its goals, when he or a member of his family has taken concrete action to advance the security, economy or any other matter important to the State". Upon expiration the law was extended for six months in August 2004, and again for four monthsremoves restrictions from half of the Palestinian population requesting legal status through marriage in Israel. This law was upheld by a High Court decision in 2006. Although this law theoretically applies to all Israelis, it has disproportionately affected Arab citizens of Israel; Arabs are far more likely to have Palestinian spouses than other Israelis. Thus the law has been widely considered discriminatory and the United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination has unanimously approved a resolution saying that the Israeli law violated an international human rights treaty against racism. Civil rights The Israeli Declaration of Independence stated thatthe State of Israel would ensure complete equality of social and political rights to all its inhabitants irrespective of religion, race or sex, and guaranteed freedom of religion, conscience, language, education and culture. While formally equal according to Israeli law, a number of official sources acknowledge that Arab citizens of Israel experience discrimination in many aspects of life. Israeli High Court Justice (Ret.) Theodor Or wrote in The Report by the State Commission of Inquiry into the Events of October 2000: The Arab citizens of Israel live in a reality in which they experience discrimination as Arabs. This inequality hasCountry Reports on Human Rights Practices notes that: "Israeli-Arab advocacy organizations have challenged the Government's policy of demolishing illegal buildings in the Arab sector, and claimed that the Government was more restrictive in issuing building permits in Arab communities than in Jewish communities, thereby not accommodating natural growth." "In June, the Supreme Court ruled that omitting Arab towns from specific government social and economic plans is discriminatory. This judgment builds on previous assessments of disadvantages suffered by Arab Israelis." "Israeli-Arab organizations have challenged as discriminatory the 1996 "Master Plan for the Northern Areas of Israel," which listed as priority goalsincreasing the Galilee's Jewish population and blocking the territorial contiguity of Arab towns." "Israeli Arabs were not required to perform mandatory military service and, in practice, only a small percentage of Israeli Arabs served in the military. Those who did not serve in the army had less access than other citizens to social and economic benefits for which military service was a prerequisite or an advantage, such as housing, new-household subsidies, and employment, especially government or security-related industrial employment. The Ivri Committee on National Service has issued official recommendations to the Government that Israel Arabs not be compelled to performcuts will also affect the children of Jewish ultra-orthodox parents who do not serve in the military, but they are eligible for extra subsidies, including educational supplements, not available to Palestinian Arab children." According to the Guardian, in 2006 just 5% of civil servants were Arabs, many of them hired to deal with other Arabs, despite the fact that Arab citizens of Israel comprise 20% of the population. Although the Bedouin infant mortality rate is still the highest in Israel, and one of the highest in the developed world, The Guardian reports that in the 2002 budget, Israel's health ministryallocated Arab communities less than 1% of its budget for healthcare facility development. In March 2010, a report released by several Israeli civil rights groups stated that the current Knesset was "the most racist in Israeli history" with 21 bills proposed in 2008 and 2009 that would discriminate against the country's Arab minority. A preliminary report commissioned by Israel's Courts Administration and the Israel Bar Association found in 2011 that Israeli Arabs are more likely than Israeli Jews to be convicted of crimes after being charged, more likely to be given custodial sentences, and were given longer sentences. It didto Arabs, it took control of the land in question and compensated the JNF with an equivalent amount of land in areas not designated for development (generally in the Galilee and the Negev), thus ensuring that the total amount of land owned by the JNF remains the same. This was a complicated and controversial mechanism, and in 2004 use of it was suspended. After Supreme Court discussions and a directive by the Attorney General instructing the ILA to lease JNF land to Arabs and Jews alike, in September 2007 the JNF suggested reinstating the land-exchange mechanism. While the JNF anda few days, and even if they did so involuntarily. Following the 1967 Six-Day War in which Israel occupied the West Bank, from where it annexed East Jerusalem, Israel then passed in 1970 the Law and Administration Arrangements Law allowing for Jews who had lost property in East Jerusalem and the West Bank during the 1948 war to reclaim it. Palestinian residents of Jerusalem (absentees) in the same positions, and Arab Israelis (present absentees), who owned property in West Jerusalem or other areas within the state of Israel, and lost it as a result of the 1948 war, cannot recovertheir properties. Israeli legislation, therefore, allows Jews to recover their land, but not Arabs. In the early 2000s, several community settlements in the Negev and the Galilee were accused of barring Arab applicants from moving in. In 2010, the Knesset passed legislation that allowed admissions committees to function in smaller communities in the Galilee and the Negev, while explicitly forbidding committees to bar applicants based on the basis of race, religion, sex, ethnicity, disability, personal status, age, parenthood, sexual orientation, country of origin, political views, or political affiliation. Critics, however, say the law gives the privately run admissions committees ain the framework of a democratic state". According to Ishmael Khaldi, an Arab citizen of Israel and the nation's first high-ranking Muslim in the Israeli foreign service, while Israeli society is far from perfect, minorities in Israel fare far better than any other country in the Middle East. He wrote: I am a proud Israeli – along with many other non-Jewish Israelis such as Druze, Bahai, Bedouin, Christians and Muslims, who live in one of the most culturally diversified societies and the only true democracy in the Middle East. Like America, Israeli society is far from perfect, but let usa child of theirs married a Christian. Knesset The Mossawa Center – an advocacy organization for Arabs in Israel – blames the Knesset of discrimination against Arabs, citing a 75% increase in discriminatory and racist bills submitted to the Knesset in the year 2009. According to the report, 11 bills deemed by the center to be "discriminatory and racist" were placed on the legislature's table in 2007, while 12 such bills were initiated in 2008. However, in 2009 a full 21 bills deemed discriminatory by the Mossawa Center were discussed in the Knesset. The reports categorizes as "racist" proposals suchas giving academic scholarships to soldiers who served in combat units, and a bill to revoke government funding from organizations acting "against the principles of the State". The Coalition Against Racism and the Mossawa Center said that the proposed legislation seeks to de-legitimize Israel's Arab citizens by decreasing their civil rights. Economic status Inequality in the allocation of public funding for Jewish and Arab needs, and widespread employment discrimination, present significant economic hurdles for Arab citizens of Israel. On the other hand, the Minorities at Risk (MAR) group states that "despite obvious discrimination, Israeli Arabs are relatively much better offeconomically than neighboring Arabs." The predominant feature of the Arab community's economic development after 1949 was its transformation from a predominantly peasant farming population to a proletarian industrial workforce. It has been suggested that the economic development of the community was marked by distinct stages. The first period, until 1967, was characterised by this process of proletarianisation. From 1967 on, economic development of the population was encouraged and an Arab bourgeoisie began to develop on the margin of the Jewish bourgeoisie. From the 1980s on, the community developed its economic and, in particular, industrial potential. In July 2006, the Governmententerprises to receive money over the next 10 years. The Israeli government will, according to Dinur, solicit bids to operate the fund from various financial institutes and private firms, which must pledge to raise at least NIS 80 million (about US$19 million) from private investors. In February 2007, The New York Times reported that 53 percent of the impoverished families in Israel were Arabs. Since the majority of Arabs in Israel do not serve in the army, they are ineligible for many financial benefits such as scholarships and housing loans. Arab towns in Israel are reluctant to collect city taxesfrom their residents. Sikkuy, a prominent Arab-Jewish NGO, found that Arabs as a group have the highest home ownership in Israel: 93% compared to 70% among Jews. While per capita income is lower in the Arab community, these figures do not take into account age (the average age in the Arab community is lower and young people earn less), the low percentage of women who join the workforce, and the large size of Arab families. In 2005, of the 40 towns in Israel with the highest unemployment rates, 36 were Arab towns. According to the Central Bank of Israel statisticsThis puts the Arab employment at 68% of the Israeli average. The Druze and Christian Arabs have higher employment than Muslims. Imad Telhami, founder and CEO of Babcom, a call center in the Tefen Industrial Park with 300 employees, is committed to developing career opportunities for Arab workers in Israel. Telhami, a Christian Arab, was a senior executive at the Delta Galil Industries textile plant before establishing Babcom. He hopes to employ 5,000 workers within five years: "Israeli companies have been exporting thousands of jobs to India, Eastern Europe and other spots around the globe. I want to bring thejobs here. There are terrific engineers in the Arab sector, and the potential is huge. In March 2010, the government approved a $216 million, five-year development plan for the Israeli Arab sector with the goal of increasing job accessibility, particularly for women and academics. Under this program, some 15,000 new employees will be added to the work roster by 2014. By the 2010s, the Israeli-Arab standard of living was found to be improving, with the number of middle class Arabs growing. In 2017, Haaretz, which termed Arabs as Israel's "new yuppies", reported that Arabs, especially women, were pursuing higher educationin increasing numbers, and increasingly seeking white-collar jobs. According to Professor Aziz Haidar of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, in 2017 about 27% of Arabs were middle class (as opposed to 17% two decades before) and 3% were wealthy, and although most Arabs were still in lower-income brackets, the Arab middle class is expanding dramatically. Health The most common health-related causes of death are heart disease and cancer. Roughly 14% were diagnosed with diabetes in 2000. Around half of all Arab men smoke. Life expectancy has increased 27 years since 1948. Further, due largely to improvements in health care, theArab represent 20% of the total Israeli population, in 2015 they accounted 35% of all doctors in Israel, and according to a study by the Tel Aviv University Arabs account about 35% of all pharmacists in Israel. The Arabic local council Arraba has one of the highest numbers of doctors per capita in the world. Education The Israeli government regulates and finances most of the schools operating in the country, including the majority of those run by private organizations. The national school system has two major branches – a Hebrew-speaking branch and an Arabic-speaking branch. The curricula for the twosystems are almost identical in mathematics, sciences, and English. It is different in humanities (history, literature, etc.). While Hebrew is taught as a second language in Arab schools since the third grade and obligatory for Arabic-speaking school's matriculation exams, only basic knowledge of Arabic is taught in Hebrew-speaking schools, usually from the 7th to the 9th grade. Arabic is not obligatory for Hebrew speaking school's matriculation exams. The schooling language split operates from preschool, up to the end of high school. At the university level, they merge into a single system, which operates mostly in Hebrew and in English. In2001, Human Rights Watch described government-run Arab schools as "a world apart from government-run Jewish schools." The report found striking differences in virtually every aspect of the education system. In 2005, the Follow-Up Committee for Arab Education said that the Israeli government spent an average of $192 a year on Arab students compared to $1,100 for Jewish students. The drop-out rate for Arabs was twice as high as for Jews (12% versus 6%). There was a 5,000-classroom shortage in the Arab sector. According to the 2004 U.S. State Department Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for Israel and the occupiedterritories, "Israeli Arabs were underrepresented in the student bodies and faculties of most universities and in higher professional and business ranks. Well educated Arabs often were unable to find jobs commensurate with their level of education. According to Sikkuy, Arab citizens held approximately 60 to 70 of the country's 5,000 university faculty positions." Arab educators have long voiced concerns over institutionalized budgetary discrimination. An August 2009 study published by the Hebrew University's School of Education claimed that Israel's Education Ministry discriminated against Arabs in its allocations of special assistance for students from low socioeconomic backgrounds and the average per-student allocationDruze and serves as the head of the Balad party's national council, founded the "Pact of Free Druze", an organization that aims "to stop the conscription of the Druze and claims the community is an inalienable part of the Arabs in Israel and the Palestinian nation at large". National Service Rather than perform army service, Israeli Arab youths have the option to volunteer to national service and receive benefits similar to those received by discharged soldiers. The volunteers are generally allocated to Arab populations, where they assist with social and community matters. there are 1,473 Arabs volunteering for national service.According to sources in the national service administration, Arab leaders are counseling youths to refrain from performing services to the state. According to a National Service official: "For years the Arab leadership has demanded, justifiably, benefits for Arab youths similar to those received by discharged soldiers. Now, when this opportunity is available, it is precisely these leaders who reject the state's call to come and do the service, and receive these benefits." Intercommunal relations Surveys and polls In a 2004 survey by Sammy Smooha of the University of Haifa Jewish-Arab Center, 85% of Israeli Arabs stated that Israel has aright to exist as an independent state, and 70% that it has a right to exist as a democratic, Jewish state. A Truman Institute survey from 2005 found that 63% of the Arab citizens accepted the principle that Israel is the state of the Jewish people. A 2006 poll by the Arab advocacy group the Center Against Racism showed negative attitudes towards Arabs. The poll found that 63% of Jews believe Arabs are a security threat; 68% would refuse to live in the same building as an Arab; 34% believe that Arab culture is inferior to Israeli culture. Support forsegregation between Jewish and Arab citizens was higher among Jews of Middle Eastern origin. In a 2006 patriotism survey, 56% of Israeli Arabs were not proud of their citizenship and 73% were not ready to fight to defend the state, but 77% said that Israel was better than most other countries and 53% were proud of the country's welfare system. Eighty-two percent said they would rather be a citizen of Israel than of any other country in the world. An Israeli Democracy Institute (IDI) poll in 2007 showed that 75% of "Israeli Arabs would support a constitution that maintained Israel'sstatus as a Jewish and democratic state while guaranteeing equal rights for minorities, while 23% said they would oppose such a definition". Another survey that year showed that 62% of Israel's Arabs would prefer to remain Israeli citizens rather than become citizens of a future Palestinian state. A separate 2008 poll found that 77% would rather live in Israel than in any other country in the world. Another 2007 poll by Sammy Smooha found that 63% of Jewish Israelis avoided entering Arab towns and cities; 68% feared the possibility of widespread civil unrest among Israeli Arabs; 50% of Israeli Arabsjustified Hezbollah's capture of IDF reservists Ehud Goldwasser and Eldad Regev in a cross-border raid; 19% thought Israel was justified in going to war following the kidnapping; 48% justified Hezbollah rocket attacks on northern Israel during the 2006 Lebanon War; 89% of Israeli Arabs saw the IDF bombing of Lebanon as a war crime, while 44% of Israeli Arabs viewed Hezbollah's bombing of Israel as a war crime; 62% of Israeli Arabs worried that Israel could transfer their communities to the jurisdiction of a future Palestinian state, and 60% said they were concerned about a possible mass expulsion; 76% ofIsraeli Arabs described Zionism as racist; 68% of Israeli Arabs would be content to live in the Jewish state alongside a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza Strip; 41% of Israeli Arab citizens denied the Holocaust ever happened. In 2007, the Association for Civil Rights in Israel reported a "dramatic increase" in racism against Arab citizens, including a 26 percent rise in anti-Arab incidents. ACRI president Sami Michael said that "Israeli society is reaching new heights of racism that damages freedom of expression and privacy". A 2008 poll on intercommunal relations by Harvard Kennedy School found that Arabsand Jews in Israel underestimated the extent to which their communities "liked" one another. 68% of the Jews supported teaching Arabic in Jewish schools. A 2008 poll by the Center Against Racism found that 75% of Israeli Jews would not live in a building with Arabs; over 60% would not invite Arabs to their homes; 40% believed that Arabs should be stripped of the right to vote; over 50% agreed that the State should encourage emigration of Arab citizens to other countries; 59% considered Arab culture primitive. Asked "What do you feel when you hear people speaking Arabic?" 31% saidhate and 50% said fear. Only 19% reported positive or neutral feelings. Surveys in 2009 found a radicalization in the positions of Israeli Arabs towards the State of Israel, with 41% of Israeli Arabs recognizing Israel's right to exist as a Jewish and democratic state (down from 66% in 2003), and 54% believing Israel has a right to exist as an independent country (down from 81% in 2003). Polls also showed that 40% of Arab citizens engaged in Holocaust denial. A 2010 poll of Israeli high school students found that 50% did not think Israeli Arabs were entitled to thesame rights as Jews in Israel, and 56% thought Arabs should not be elected to the Knesset. The figures rose among religious students. A 2010 Arab Jewish Relations Survey, compiled by Prof. Sami Smoocha in collaboration with the Jewish-Arab Center at the University of Haifa shows that 71% Arab citizens of Israel said they blamed Jews for the hardships suffered by Palestinians during and after the "Nakba" in 1948. 38% denied the Holocaust. The percentage supporting the use of violence to advance Arab causes climbed from 6% in 1995 to 12% in 2010. 66% say they reject Israel as aJewish and Zionist state, while 30% opposed its existence under any terms. 63% saw the Jews as "foreign settlers who do not fit into the region and will eventually leave, when the land will return to the Palestinians". A 2010 University of Maryland / Zogby International poll of 600 Arab Israelis compiled by Shibley Telhami found that 36 percent considered their Arab identity to be "most important", while 22% answered "Palestinian", 19% Muslim, and 12% Israeli. Amongst other things, a 2012 survey by Mada al-Carmel, the Arab Center for Applied Social Research, asked Arab students what obstacles they felt theylate 2014 through early 2015. Involvement in terrorist attacks Because Israeli Arabs have Israeli citizenship, they have become increasingly targeted for recruitment as operatives by organizations that attack civilians. According to the Israeli General Security Service (Shabak), from 2001 to 2004, at the height of the Second Intifada, there were 102 cases where some Arab-Israelis were involved in some way in terrorist attacks killing hundreds of Israelis. In 2001, for example, passengers disembarking from a train in Nahariya were attacked by an Israeli Arab who killed 3 and wounded 90. In March 2007, two Israeli Arabs were convicted of manslaughterfor smuggling a suicide bomber into Israel. From 2000 to 2004, some 150 Arabs from East Jerusalem were arrested for participation in such attacks. Hezbollah has taken advantage of family and criminal ties with Israeli-Arabs who can easily cross the border into Lebanon, meet with Palestinians in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, transfer weapons, drugs and money to Israel, gather intelligence and recruit operatives. This phenomenon is particularly widespread in the village of Ghajar. Arab citizens of Israel have been convicted of espionage for Hezbollah. Arab-Israeli terror cells have been established, such as a cell in Reineh whosemembers were arrested in February 2004. Violence against Arab citizens in Israel Alexander Yakobson of Jerusalem's Hebrew University has said "There is very little actual violence between Israeli Jews and Israeli Arabs. Given the length and the intensity of the conflict, that is both surprising and encouraging." In the 1956 Kafr Qasim massacre, 48 unarmed Arab citizens, returning to their village, were gunned down by an Israel Border Police platoon; a curfew had been imposed, but the villagers were not informed of it. Arab citizens have also been killed by Israeli security forces in the wake of violent demonstrations andriots, such as the March 1976 Land Day demonstrations, which left 6 dead, and the October 2000 events in which 12 Israeli Arabs and one Palestinian from Gaza were killed. In 2005 an AWOL IDF soldier, Eden Natan-Zada opened fire in a bus in Shefa-Amr in northern Israel, murdering four Arabs and wounding twenty-two others. No group had taken credit for the terrorist attack and an official in the settler movement denounced it. Arab victims of terrorism Arab citizens have also been victims of Palestinian, Arab, or Islamist attacks on Israel and Israelis. For example, on 12 September 1956, threePalestinian folk dance, known as the dabke, continues to be taught to youth in cultural groups, and is often danced at weddings and other parties. Language Linguistically speaking, the majority of Arabic citizens of Israel are fluently bilingual, speaking both a Palestinian Arabic dialect and Hebrew. In Arab homes and towns, the primary language spoken is Arabic. Some Hebrew words have entered the colloquial Arabic dialect. For example, Arabs often use the word beseder (equivalent of "Okay") while speaking Arabic. Other Hebrew words that are regularly interspersed are ramzor (stoplight), mazgan (air conditioner), and mahshev (computer). The resulting dialect isusually referred to as 'Israeli Arabic'. Such borrowings are often "Arabized" to reflect not only Arabic phonology but the phonology of Hebrew as spoken by Arabs. For example, the second consonant of מעונות (me'onot, "dormitory") would be pronounced as a voiced pharyngeal fricative rather than the glottal stop traditionally used by the vast majority of Israeli Jews. There are different local colloquial dialects among Arabs in different regions and localities. For example, the Little Triangle residents of Umm al-Fahm are known for pronouncing the kaph sound with a "ch" (as-in-cheese) rather than "k" (as-in-kite). Some Arabic words or phrases areused only in their respective localities, such as the Nazareth word for "now" which is issa, and silema a local modification of the English word "cinema". Arab citizens of Israel tend to watch both the Arab satellite news stations and Israeli cable stations and read both Arabic and Hebrew newspapers, comparing the information against one another. Music and art The Palestinian art scene in general has been supported by the contributions of Arab citizens of Israel. In addition to the contribution of artists such as singer Amal Murkus (from Kafr Yasif) to evolving traditional Palestinian and Arabic music styles, aHebrew and Arabic cinema and theater. Mohammad Bakri, and Juliano Mer-Khamis have starred in Israeli film and television. Directors such as Mohammad Bakri, Elia Suleiman, Hany Abu-Assad, and Michel Khleifi have put Arab citizens of Israel on the cinematic map. Literature Acclaimed Israeli-Arab authors include Emil Habibi, Anton Shammas, and Sayed Kashua. See also Arab-Israeli peace projects Israeli Jews Israelis List of Arab citizens of Israel List of Arab members of the Knesset Racism in Israel Sumud Notes Further reading Morris, Benny, 1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War, (2009) Yale University Press. Orgad, Liav (PhD), IDC, Hertzlia, "Internationalizingthe issue of Israeli Arabs", Maariv, 19 March 2006. p. 7. "Israel's Arab Citizens: The Continuing Struggle" by Mark Tessler; Audra K. Grant. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 555, Israel in Transition. (Jan., 1998), pp. 97–113. . The Israeli Palestinians: an Arab minority in the Jewish state / Alexander Bligh 2003. (book) Tall shadows: interviews with Israeli Arabs / Smadar Bakovic 2006 English Book 313 p. Lanham, MD: Hamilton Books, Israel's Arab Citizens / Laurence Louër; John King 2006 London: C. Hurst & Co. Ltd. Arab citizens in Israel: the ongoing conflict with the
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Arab citizens of Israel", {"description":'Arab ethnic group in Israel who mostly adhere to Islam', "alias":['Israeli Arabs', 'Arab-Israelis']}], ["Arabic", {}], ["Israelis", {}], ["Islam", {}], ["Arabs", {}], ["Ethnic group", {}]]
Relations:[["Arab citizens of Israel", "native language", "Arabic"], ["Arab citizens of Israel", "subclass of", "Israelis"], ["Arab citizens of Israel", "religion", "Islam"], ["Arab citizens of Israel", "subclass of", "Arabs"], ["Arab citizens of Israel", "instance of", "Ethnic group"]] |
### User:
The 1922 San Jose State Spartans football team represented State Teachers College at San Jose during the 1922 college football season. San Jose State competed in the inaugural season of the California Coast Conference (CCC). The team was led by second-year head coach David Wooster, and they played home games at Spartan Field in San Jose, California. The team finished the season with a record of two wins, five losses and one tie (2–5–1, 0–3 CCC). The Spartans were outscored by their opponents 34-127 for the season, including being shutout in their last four games. Schedule Notes References San Jose
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["1922 San Jose State Spartans football team", {"description":'American college football team season'}], ["San Jose State Spartans", {}]]
Relations:[["1922 San Jose State Spartans football team", "season of club or team", "San Jose State Spartans"]] |
### User:
Großmugl is a town in the district of Korneuburg in Lower Austria in Austria. It is situated about 15 km north of Stockerau within the Weinviertel in Lower Austria. Großmugl takes up about 64.49 square kilometers, 29.91 percent of which are forest. The giant tumulus The name of the village literally translates as "large steep hill," and refers to a nearby tumulus (locally known as the Leeberg) that is believed to have been erected by the people of the Kalenderberg culture, probably around 600-500 B.C. This was a northeastern subgroup of the Hallstatt culture, with a standard of living generally
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Großmugl", {"description":'municipality in Austria'}], ["Austria", {}]]
Relations:[["Großmugl", "country", "Austria"]] |
### User:
Steven Glenn Cargile (born June 2, 1982) is a former American football safety in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys, Denver Broncos, Cleveland Browns and New York Giants. He played college football at Columbia University. Early years Cargile attended St. Peter Chanel High School, where he practiced football, basketball, track and baseball. As a senior in football, he was an All-state selection at wide receiver and All-conference at safety, while helping his team achieve a 13-1 record. He was named all-county in basketball, while helping hid team win the Division III state championship. He accepted a football scholarshipfrom Columbia University, where he played as a wide receiver in his first three years. As a sophomore, he appeared in 7 games a backup, tallying 14 receptions for 184 yards and 3 touchdowns. As a junior, he started 7 out of 10 games at wide receiver, making 24 receptions (fourth on the team) for 320 yards and 4 touchdowns. As a senior, he was converted into a strong safety, registering 10 starts, 99 tackles (led the team), 3 passes defensed, 2 interceptions and one forced fumble, while receiving Second-team All-Ivy League recognition. Professional career Dallas Cowboys Cargile was signedas an undrafted free agent by the Dallas Cowboys after the 2004 NFL Draft. He was waived on September 5 and signed to the practice squad. He was promoted to the active roster on December 5, but was declared inactive for the game against the New York Giants. He was released on May 3, 2005. Tampa bay Buccaneers (first stint) After being out of football for a year, he was signed as a free agent by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers on January 10, 2006. He was cut on September 2. Denver Broncos On November 13, 2006, the Denver Broncos signedhim to their practice squad. He was promoted to the active roster and played in three games, after safety Nick Ferguson was placed on the injured reserve list. In 2007, he was tried at outside linebacker before being released on September 1 and later signed to the practice squad. On September 29, he was promoted to the active roster. He was cut on April 28, 2008, after playing mainly on special teams for the Broncos. Cleveland Browns On April 30, 2008, he was claimed off waivers by the Cleveland Browns. He was released on August 10. New York Giants OnJanuary 16, 2009, he signed with the New York Giants as a free agent. He was waived on August 1. Tampa Bay Buccaneers (second stint) On August 19, 2009, he was signed as a free agent by the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He was released on September 5. He was re-signed on September 19 and cut 3 days later. Personal life Since 2011, he has worked as a professional scout for the New England Patriots. References Category:1982 births Category:Living people Category:People from Bedford, Ohio Category:Players of American football from Ohio Category:American football cornerbacks Category:American football safeties Category:Columbia Lions football players Category:Dallas
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Steve Cargile", {"description":'player of American football'}], ["Cleveland Browns", {}], ["Dallas Cowboys", {}], ["Denver Broncos", {}], ["New York Giants", {}], ["St. Peter Chanel High School", {}], ["Cleveland", {}], ["American football", {}], ["Tampa Bay Buccaneers", {}]]
Relations:[["Steve Cargile", "member of sports team", "Cleveland Browns"], ["Steve Cargile", "member of sports team", "Dallas Cowboys"], ["Steve Cargile", "member of sports team", "Denver Broncos"], ["Steve Cargile", "member of sports team", "New York Giants"], ["Steve Cargile", "educated at", "St. Peter Chanel High School"], ["Steve Cargile", "place of birth", "Cleveland"], ["Steve Cargile", "sport", "American football"], ["Steve Cargile", "member of sports team", "Tampa Bay Buccaneers"]] |
### User:
Dragon Tamer Sound Spirit is a role-playing video game published by Namco Bandai for the Nintendo DS handheld video game console. Story The hero, a nameless teenage boy in Japan, is trying out his new guitar one sunny day when he suddenly finds himself whisked away to another world. He is woken by Tonto, an otomori and servant of the recently deceased Orochi, one of the seven wise dragons. Tonto informs the hero that he was summoned by Orochi to be his champion, raising and pitting dragon against dragon in a series of battles to change the world. Gameplay Most
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Dragon Tamer Sound Spirit", {"description":'video game'}], ["Video game", {}], ["Nintendo DS", {}], ["Role-playing video game", {}], ["Japan", {}]]
Relations:[["Dragon Tamer Sound Spirit", "instance of", "Video game"], ["Dragon Tamer Sound Spirit", "platform", "Nintendo DS"], ["Dragon Tamer Sound Spirit", "genre", "Role-playing video game"], ["Dragon Tamer Sound Spirit", "country of origin", "Japan"]] |
### User:
Charles V. Blanchard (February 2, 1866 – February 20, 1939) was an American politician who served as a Massachusetts State Representative and as a Massachusetts State Senator. While he was a member of the Massachusetts House Blanchard developed a close friendship with Calvin Coolidge. Blanchard, it was rumored, taught Coolidge how to properly dress for various occasions. Blanchard did not seek reëlection to the senate in 1913. Blanchard was replaced by Charles W. Eldridge for the 1914 legislative term. Blanchard worked for many years for the N. E. Tel & Tel Co. Blanchard had a heart attack and died while
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Charles V. Blanchard", {"description":'American politician', "alias":['Blanchard, Charles V.']}], ["Politician", {}], ["Charles", {}], ["Blanchard", {}], ["Massachusetts", {}]]
Relations:[["Charles V. Blanchard", "occupation", "Politician"], ["Charles V. Blanchard", "given name", "Charles"], ["Charles V. Blanchard", "family name", "Blanchard"], ["Charles V. Blanchard", "residence", "Massachusetts"]] |
### User:
Gabriele Mehl (born 25 February 1967, in Hagenbach) is a former German rower. She won a bronze medal at the Olympic Games in 1992. Career Mehl was Member of the rowing club "am Baldeneysee" in Essen, Germany. In 1987 and 1988 she and Meike Holländer formed a coxless pair team at the German Championship and scored second. At the World Championship in 1987 the team started as part of an Eight and scored fifth. In 1990, Mehl and Holländer participated as a coxless four team with Cerstin Petersmann and Sylvia Drödelmann. After their victory at the German Championships they scoredsecond at the World Championships in Tasmania. After the German reunification in 1990 the rowing clubs of western and eastern Germany united. As a newly formed coxless four team, Gabriele Mehl, Cerstin Petersmann, Judith Zeidler and Kathrin Haaker won the German Championship and scored third at the World Championship. In 1992, Gabriele Mehl was member of a coxless four with Antje Frank, Birte Siech and Annette Hohn at the Olympic Games 1992. They scored third, arriving after both the Canadian and the American team. Further reading Nationales Olympisches Komitee für Deutschland: Barcelona 1992. Die deutsche Olympiamannschaft. Frankfurt am Main 1992
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Gabriele Mehl", {"description":'German rower'}], ["Germany", {}], ["Hagenbach", {}], ["Mehl", {}]]
Relations:[["Gabriele Mehl", "country of citizenship", "Germany"], ["Gabriele Mehl", "place of birth", "Hagenbach"], ["Gabriele Mehl", "family name", "Mehl"]] |
### User:
D. Gordon Smith (born 16 November 1962) is the current dean of the J. Reuben Clark Law School of Brigham Young University (BYU). Smith has taught classes in business associations, contracts, corporate finance, law & entrepreneurship, and securities regulation. Smith was born in Bremerton, Washington. He received a bachelor's degree in accounting from BYU in 1986. He then went to the University of Chicago Law School where he earned his JD in 1990. He then was a clerk for W. Eugene Davis of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. Smith spent three years with the law firmof Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom before joining the faculty of Lewis and Clark Law School. After being on the faculty there for a few years he was a professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison until 2007 when he joined the BYU faculty with the appointment of being the Glen L. Farr Professor of Law. Smith's main expertise is in business law. He co-authored with Cynthia Williams the casebook Business Organizations: Cases, Problems and Case Studies. Sources Smith's vita BYU Law School bio of Smith listing of BYU law professors References Category:1962 births Category:Brigham Young University alumni Category:Brigham Young
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["D. Gordon Smith", {"description":'American legal academic'}], ["Brigham Young University", {}], ["University of Chicago Law School", {}], ["University of Wisconsin–Madison", {}]]
Relations:[["D. Gordon Smith", "educated at", "Brigham Young University"], ["D. Gordon Smith", "educated at", "University of Chicago Law School"], ["D. Gordon Smith", "employer", "Brigham Young University"], ["D. Gordon Smith", "employer", "University of Wisconsin–Madison"]] |
### User:
Miss Kumari (1932–1969) was a Malayalam film actress active between 1949 and 1969. Early life Miss Kumari, whose real name was Thresiamma, was born on 1 June 1932, to Thomas and Eliyamma, at Bharananganam in Kottayam, Travancore, British India, which is now part of the state of Kerala. She had her primary education from Bharanganam Sacred Hearts high school, a school for girls run by Franciscan Clarist Sisters. After studies she worked as a teacher in the same school. Family She was married to Hormis Thaliath, a F.A.C.T engineer and the couple had three children: Johnny, Thomas and Babu. Shewas forced to stop acting. Gradually, she disappeared from public gaze, confined to the four walls of her house. Johnny is in the movie industry, Thomas is an engineer in California and Babu is a Professor in Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi. Malayalam cinema Miss Kumari debuted in Malayalam with the 1949 film Vellinakshatram. She got her break through the 1950 box office hit film Nalla Thanka. Sathyan and Miss Kumari were elevated to stardom after the huge success of the film Neelakuyil (1954). She acted in more than 50 films, in a career spanning about two decades. She has
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Miss Kumari", {"description":'Indian actress'}], ["Kottayam", {}], ["India", {}], ["Malayalam", {}]]
Relations:[["Miss Kumari", "place of birth", "Kottayam"], ["Miss Kumari", "country of citizenship", "India"], ["Miss Kumari", "languages spoken, written or signed", "Malayalam"]] |
### User:
Edward Lee Victor Howard (27 October 1951 – 12 July 2002) was a CIA case officer who defected to the Soviet Union. Pre-CIA career Howard served as a Peace Corps volunteer in Bucaramanga, Colombia. There he met Mary Cedarleaf in 1973, and they were married three years later in St. Paul, Minnesota. In 1976, Howard earned a master's degree in business administration from the American University in Washington, D.C., and joined USAID. In February 1977, the Howards left for two years to live in Lima, Peru, where he worked on loan projects. There is no evidence to suggest that Howardwas anything but a USAID loan officer. After Peru, the Howards returned to the United States, and he went to work in Chicago for a company doing environmental work. On March 19, 1983, the Howards had a son named Lee Howard. CIA career Howard was hired by the CIA in 1980 and was later joined by his wife, Mary, where they were both trained in intelligence and counter-intelligence methods. Shortly after the end of their training and before going on their first assignment, a routine polygraph test indicated that he had lied about past drug use, and he was firedcontacting KGB officers in Austria in 1984 during a visit there. His information has been blamed for exposing Adolf Tolkachev who was then executed by the KGB. In 1985, the CIA was severely shaken by several security leaks that led to exposure of officers and assets. On August 1, 1985, after twenty-five years of service in the KGB, Vitaly Yurchenko walked into the US Embassy in Rome and defected to the United States. In the following interrogations by the CIA, he accused Howard and another officer, Ronald Pelton, of working for the KGB. In November of that year, Yurchenko himselfthe following week. The following night, however, Howard disappeared. As he and his wife Mary drove back from a dinner away from their home, Howard leapt from the car as Mary slowed to round a corner. He left a dummy made from stuffed clothes and an old wig stand in his seat to fool the pursuing agents, and fled to Albuquerque, where he took a plane to New York City. Once at home, Mary called a number she knew would reach an answering machine, and played a pre-recorded message from Edward to fool the wiretap and buy her husband more
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Edward Lee Howard", {"description":'CIA officer'}], ["Edward", {}], ["Peace Corps", {}], ["American University", {}], ["United States", {}]]
Relations:[["Edward Lee Howard", "given name", "Edward"], ["Edward Lee Howard", "member of", "Peace Corps"], ["Edward Lee Howard", "educated at", "American University"], ["Edward Lee Howard", "country of citizenship", "United States"]] |
### User:
Uxbridge () is a suburban town in west London, and the administrative headquarters of the London Borough of Hillingdon. west-northwest of Charing Cross, it is one of the major metropolitan centres identified in the London Plan. Uxbridge historically formed part of the parish of Hillingdon in the county of Middlesex, and was a significant local commercial centre from an early time. As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century it expanded and increased in population, becoming a municipal borough in 1955, and has formed part of Greater London since 1965. It is a significant retail andnow stands, beside the Swan and Bottle public house. The Wixan were a 7th-century Saxon tribe from Lincolnshire who also began to settle in what became Middlesex. Anglo-Saxons began to settle and farm in the area of Uxbridge in the 5th century, clearing the dense woodland and remaining there for around 500 years. Two other places in Middlesex bore the name of the Wixan: Uxendon ("Wixan's Hill"), a name now preserved only in the street names of Uxendon Hill and Crescent in Harrow, and Waxlow ("Wixan's Wood") near Southall. Archaeologists found Bronze Age remains (before 700 BC) and medieval remainsof its residents "They will steal the very teeth out of your mouth as you walk through the streets. I know it from experience." For about 200 years most of London's flour was produced in the Uxbridge area. The Grand Junction Canal opened in 1794, linking Uxbridge with Birmingham. By 1800 Uxbridge had become one of the most important market towns in Middlesex, helped by its status as the first stopping point for stagecoaches travelling from London to Oxford. The development of Uxbridge declined after the opening of the Great Western Railway in 1838, which passed through West Drayton. Aterms of retail expenditure in Greater London at £311 million. Education Primary schools in Uxbridge include Hermitage Primary School, St Andrew's Church of England Primary School, St Mary's Catholic Primary School, Whitehall Infant School, and Whitehall Junior School. Uxbridge High School is a comprehensive secondary school in the town. Uxbridge is also home to Brunel University and the Buckinghamshire New University's nursing campus. The main campus of Uxbridge College is also in the town. Transport Uxbridge tube station is the western terminus for branches of the Metropolitan and Piccadilly lines of the London Underground. The station, built in 1933, isDistrict and Yiewsley and West Drayton Urban District. Before the new building was completed, council services had been spread throughout Uxbridge and the rest of the borough and various buildings, as a result of the merging of the former district councils. Part of the original Middlesex County Council office building that stood on site was incorporated into the new Civic Centre. The centre's clock tower is the only visible section from the old building. The Uxbridge Cricket Club Ground and Uxbridge fire station were relocated as part of the new development, which became controversial owing to its size and cost.of Britain Bunker). The area around the bunker was retained as an enclave under the RAF Uxbridge name, under the care of RAF Northolt. An additional guardian, a Hawker Hurricane in the colours of No. 303 (Polish) Squadron, was added to the area in November 2010. Sport and leisure Uxbridge has a Non-League football team, Uxbridge F.C., which plays at Honeycroft, West Drayton. Uxbridge Cricket Club is also based in Uxbridge and is a member of the Middlesex County Cricket League, a designated ECB Premier League. Hillingdon Sports and Leisure Complex has recently been refurbished and contains an indoor andMartin DB5 and Star Wars robots. Charles Brown (1827–1905), was a British engineer and inventor of the Brown valve gear. Notes References Citations Sources Bainbridge, John. (2001) Middlesex Photographic Memories. Salisbury: Frith Book Company Cotton, Carolynne. (1994) Uxbridge Past. London: Historical Publications Crozier, Hazel. (2007) RAF Uxbridge 90th Anniversary 1917–2007. RAF High Wycombe: Air Command Media Services Hearmon, Carolynne. (1982) Uxbridge. A Concise History. Uxbridge: Hillingdon Borough Libraries Pearce, K. R. (2009) Uxbridge From Old Photographs. Stroud: Amberley Publishing Pearce, K. (2011) Uxbridge Through Time. Stroud: Amberley Publishing Sherwood, Philip. (2007) Around Uxbridge Past & Present. Stroud: Sutton Publishing Skinner,
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Uxbridge", {"description":'Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1885-2010'}], ["Greater London", {}], ["Middlesex", {}]]
Relations:[["Uxbridge", "located in the administrative territorial entity", "Greater London"], ["Uxbridge", "historic county", "Middlesex"]] |
### User:
Gjoko Zajkov (Macedonian: Ѓоко Зајков; born 10 February 1995) is a Macedonian professional football player, currently playing for Charleroi. Early career Zajkov began his football career with FK Rabotnički. Career Born in Skopje into a family originally from Udovo, Gjoko Zajkov was playing in Macedonia for the youth team of Rabotnichki, until the summer in 2012 when he made his first appearance for the senior team of the club, competing in the Macedonian First League. He was voted best defender that year, at the age of 17. On 23 June 2014 he left Macedonia for the French club Stade RennaisF.C., with whom he signed a three-year contract. After his first season in France, where he spent the majority of the time playing for the youth team of Rennais only, in the summer of 2015 he was loaned for one year to Charleroi in Belgium. International career He has been a member of Macedonian U-19 and U-21 national teams. Career statistics Club Honours Club Rabotnički Macedonian First League: 2013–14 Macedonian Football Cup: 2013–14 References External links Profile at Macedonian Football Category:1995 births Category:Living people Category:Macedonian footballers Category:North Macedonia international footballers Category:North Macedonia youth international footballers Category:Macedonian expatriate footballers Category:Belgian First
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Gjoko Zajkov", {"description":'Macedonian footballer'}], ["FK Rabotnički", {}], ["Football player", {}], ["Skopje", {}], ["North Macedonia", {}]]
Relations:[["Gjoko Zajkov", "member of sports team", "FK Rabotnički"], ["Gjoko Zajkov", "occupation", "Football player"], ["Gjoko Zajkov", "place of birth", "Skopje"], ["Gjoko Zajkov", "country of citizenship", "North Macedonia"]] |
### User:
Donaldo Alfonso Méndez (born June 7, 1978) is a former professional baseball player. A shortstop, he played parts of three seasons in Major League Baseball for the San Diego Padres in 2001 and 2003. In a two-year career, Méndez was a .183 hitter with three home runs and 14 RBI in 72 games. But showed strong fielding skills. He finished his career playing for the Long Island Ducks of the independent Atlantic League in 2008. See also List of Major League Baseball players from Venezuela External links , or Retrosheet, or Pura Pelota (VPBL) Category:1978 births Category:Living people Category:Águilas del
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Donaldo Méndez", {"description":'baseball player', "alias":['Donaldo Mendez']}], ["Baseball player", {}], ["San Diego Padres", {}], ["Venezuela", {}], ["Donaldo", {}], ["Shortstop", {}], ["Baseball", {}]]
Relations:[["Donaldo Méndez", "occupation", "Baseball player"], ["Donaldo Méndez", "member of sports team", "San Diego Padres"], ["Donaldo Méndez", "country of citizenship", "Venezuela"], ["Donaldo Méndez", "given name", "Donaldo"], ["Donaldo Méndez", "position played on team / speciality", "Shortstop"], ["Donaldo Méndez", "sport", "Baseball"]] |
### User:
The Ecology of the North Cascades is heavily influenced by the high elevation and rain shadow effects of the mountain range. The North Cascades is a section of the Cascade Range from the South Fork of the Snoqualmie River in Washington, United States, to the confluence of the Thompson and Fraser Rivers in British Columbia, Canada, where the range is officially called the Cascade Mountains but is usually referred to as the Canadian Cascades. The North Cascades Ecoregion is a Level III ecoregion in the Commission for Environmental Cooperation's classification system. The terrain of the North Cascades is composed ofhigh, rugged mountains. It contains the greatest concentration of active alpine glaciers in the conterminous United States and has a variety of climatic zones. A dry continental climate occurs in the east and mild, maritime, rainforest conditions are found in the west. It is underlain by sedimentary and metamorphic rock in contrast to the adjoining Cascades which are composed of volcanics. The North Cascades has a diversity of plant and animal species. It contains more than 1630 vascular plant species. The range has a number of top predators, including bald eagles, wolves, grizzly bears, mountain lions and black bears. Thea number of ecoregions, first getting higher and colder, then getting warmer, yet drier. Each of these component ecoregions can be described by either a tree indicator species, or by a lack of trees: western hemlock, Pacific silver fir, subalpine mountain hemlock, alpine, subalpine fir, and grand fir/Douglas fir. Western Hemlock Ecoregion The Western Hemlock Ecoregion huddles in the lower west-side elevations of the North Cascades. Western hemlock is found from sea level up to in elevation. In the Alpine Lakes Wilderness this ecoregion can be found in the lower elevations around The average annual temperature is and it getsbetween in precipitation per year. This ecoregion is evidenced by the dense stands of western hemlock, Douglas fir, western red cedar and red alder. The understory is primarily composed of salal, hazel, salmonberry, devil's club and Oregon grape. The western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) is an extremely shade tolerant tree and it is common to find its seedlings and saplings in the understories of the forest floors. It prefers moist temperate conditions. As conditions get drier and colder they don't fare as well. Western hemlocks can reach over in height with a diameter of . They can be identified by theirdrooping leader at the top of the tree. It is not uncommon to find western hemlocks growing in a row on a nurse log. The Western Hemlock Ecoregion offers an abundance of life. Black-tailed deer graze in their understories. Fox, coyotes, cougars, and an assortment of herbivore mammals and birds can also be found in these low elevation forests. Silver Fir Ecoregion The mid-elevation forests in the North Cascades with an elevation between is the Silver Fir Ecoregion. The Silver Fir Ecoregion makes up for much of the valleys in the Alpine Lakes area. The average annual temperature in thisecoregion is and the average precipitation in centimeters is between . Typical montane forests in this ecoregion is dominated by Pacific silver fir and also contains noble fir, Douglas fir, and Alaska yellow-cedar. Coarse woody debris is very characteristic of the Silver Fir Ecoregion, providing microsites for organisms. The Pacific silver fir zone is in some of the steepest parts of the topography and heavy snow often leads to avalanche gullies. In every major drainage basin along the western slopes of the Cascade Mountains there is evidence of avalanche tracks breaking up the forested vegetation with nonforested vegetation. These gulliesprovide sites of new successional growth as they move toward a coniferous forest again. Because of the dense forests of the Silver Fir Ecoregion, it was the preferred area for commercial logging prior to designation of areas as wilderness. The Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis) is extremely tolerant of shade and does not fare as well in drought or warmer temperatures. It can grow as high as and reach in diameter. The understory communities of the Pacific silver fir can vary depending on moisture availability. Common understory shrubs include the vine maple, salal, Cascade Oregon grape, blueberry, mountain huckleberry, devil'sclub, and fool's huckleberry. Common understory herbs are bear grass, twin flower, pipsissewa, dwarf dogwood or bunchberry, bead lily, trailing blackberry, low false Solomon's seal, foam flower, trillium, oak fern, and lady fern. The microclimate of the understory is moderated by the forest canopy causing the conditions to be cooler and moister in the summer and warmer in the winter. Pacific silver fir seedlings and saplings are often found growing under their own canopies or those of a mixed canopy forest. Along streams in this ecoregion, breaks in the forest are replaced by mountain alder, willow and vine maple andherbs such as saxifrage, yellow willow-herb, monkey flowers, and bluebells can be found. Mountain alder and vine maple can also be found around lake edges and in areas of flat or gentle slopes, bogs, or marsh habitat. Examples of Pacific silver fir forests can be found in the Commonwealth Basin and the Snow Lake areas of the Alpine Lakes Wilderness. Subalpine Mountain Hemlock Ecoregion Moving up in elevation from the Silver Fir Ecoregion, between about on the west side of the Cascade Range, the ecoregion shifts to the Subalpine Mountain Hemlock Ecoregion. This ecoregion has a colder annual average temperatureof with average annual precipitation between . This ecoregion consists of mountain hemlock forests, subalpine meadows, streams, lakes, wetlands and avalanche gullies creating distinct patterns of new succession. In the lower ends of this ecoregion there are continuous closed canopy forests while the higher reaches will see mosaics of meadows with patches of mountain hemlock forests. The mountain hemlock forests consist of mountain hemlock, subalpine fir, Alaska yellow-cedar, and Pacific silver fir. Washington's alpine and subalpine areas account for about 4.4% of its total land area. Progressing upward from the gradient of Silver Fir and Mountain Hemlock ecoregions, the mountainOften there are invasions of trees into meadow areas and this reached a peak in the 1930s due to considerable warming. Invasions of meadows by trees can also occur with disturbances. The beauty of meadows is very popular amongst hikers. Wildflowers that are found in this ecoregion are the tiger lily, glacier lily, bead lily, queen's cup, columbine, aster, trillium, pearly everlasting, valerian, skyrocket, shooting star, penstemon, lousewort, mountain bog gentian, monkey flower, monkshood, bluebell, bellflower, bleeding heart, Tweedy's lewisia, balsamroot, wild orchids and more. The wildflowers are at their peak in the meadows and along streams from mid-July tomid-August. The parklands of the Mountain Hemlock Ecoregion draw their distinct characteristics from the climate and topography. The two dominant vegetation types of this mountain region, forests and meadows, have very distinct differences in their microclimates. The amount of solar radiation and UV exposure can vary substantially in our northern latitude largely based on the time of day, slope, season, cloud cover and vegetation. Temperatures adjust accordingly to this solar radiation and exposure. The parklands of this montane region have a much larger range of temperatures as compared to the hemlock forests. The range can be as much as whilea year such as mountain goat, black-tailed deer, American black bear, elk, cougar, and many bird species. Only the whistling hoary marmot is restricted to alpine and subalpine areas. Besides the richness of mammals there is a richness of insects that are integral to the abundance of flowering plant species in this area. Another important pollinator in this area is the hummingbird. There is still much to be researched and discovered to better understand species interactions and reliance in both the alpine and subalpine ecosystems. Alpine Ecoregion The Alpine Ecoregion makes up much of the North Cascades. Alpine areas suchto the subalpine forests. There seems to also be evidence that there is a lower rate of parasitism and disease in these high alpine elevations offering yet another advantage to alpine species. The alpine grouse is one example of an alpine animal that has few blood infections or intestinal parasites. Other animal species in the summer months will migrate into the higher alpine elevations to avoid insects and forage in the meadows. Subalpine Fir Ecoregion The Subalpine Fir Ecoregion, descending down the east-side of the Cascade Range, reaches elevations between . This area has the same mean annual temperature ofas the Mountain Hemlock Ecoregion, but a drastically lower annual average precipitation of between with a much larger portion falling as snow rather than as rain. The ecosystems in this ecoregion are the subalpine fir forests, subalpine meadows, avalanche gullies, and freshwater wetlands, streams and lakes. The subalpine fir forests in the North Cascades include Douglas fir, Engelmann spruce, subalpine larch, and whitebark pine. The Engelmann spruce and the subalpine fir are commonly found together. In the higher boundaries of this ecoregion the subalpine fir takes on the krummholz form. The Subalpine Fir Ecoregion is characterized by its patches offorest and meadows in its upper range similarly to the Mountain Hemlock Ecoregion. Grand Fir/Douglas Fir Ecoregion Descending down the east side of the Cascade Range is the Grand Fir/Douglas Fir Ecoregion with a very diverse forest. This forest has the most diverse trees of the forested ecoregions in Washington state which includes grand fir, Douglas fir, Engelmann spruce, subalpine fir, ponderosa pine, lodgepole pine, western white pine, whitebark pine, western larch, and subalpine larch. This ecoregion has an annual mean temperature of and receives between of precipitation per year. The elevation range of this ecoregion is between . Inthe upper regions of this ecoregion, the dominant conifers are the mountain hemlock and subalpine fir and in the lower boundary the grand fir and Douglas fir dominate. There is a variety of understory vegetation in this ecoregion that includes pinegrass, elk sedge, sedges, low shrubs, vine maple, white alder, and huckleberry. This diverse landscape offers habitat to many species including grazers such as deer, elk, black bear, herbivores, and a variety of birds. Fauna A variety of reptiles, amphibians, mammals, birds and arthropods are found in the North Cascades. A small number of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) inhabitthe far northern Cascades, near the Canada–United States border. A breeding pack of wolves was confirmed in Okanogan County in 2008, the first such pack in Washington state since the 1930s. Other predator species include mountain lions, black bears, fishers, and wolverines. Over 75 species of mammals occur in the range, including the mountain goat that lives in the high alpine tundra. Bird species include the bald eagle, osprey, and harlequin duck. Examples of amphibians occurring in the North Cascades include the western toad, Bufo boreas, and the rough-skinned newt, Taricha granulosa. An unusual feature of the rough-skinned newt populations
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Ecology of the North Cascades", {"description":'Ecosystems of the Cascade mountain range in northern Washington state and southern British Columbia'}], ["Ecoregion", {}], ["United States", {}]]
Relations:[["Ecology of the North Cascades", "instance of", "Ecoregion"], ["Ecology of the North Cascades", "country", "United States"]] |
### User:
Alison Marion Gurney (born 1957) is professor of Pharmacology at the University of Manchester. She previously held the W.C. Bowman Chair of Pharmacology at the University of Strathclyde, where she was the first female appointed to a science professorship and the first female Professor of Pharmacology in Scotland. She is known for her research into the pharmacology and physiological roles of ion channels, especially in the pulmonary circulation. Education Gurney was educated at Prestwick Academy before attending the University of Aberdeen, where she graduated with a BSc degree in Pharmacology in 1979, then University College London, where she obtained ashe established a laboratory investigating ion channels in the cardiovascular system as a target for drugs to treat cardiovascular disease. While there she identified a positive feedback effect of cytoplasmic Ca2+ on cardiac calcium channels, a role for ATP-sensitive potassium channels in regulating the membrane potential of artery smooth muscle cells and the main features of the ion channels that set the resting potential of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. After 10 years in London, Gurney moved to Glasgow to take up the W.C. Bowman Chair of Pharmacology at the University of Strathclyde. For the next 10 years she continuedstudying the pulmonary circulation, identifying key roles for store-operated SOC channels and the two-pore-domain potassium channel TASK-1 in regulating pulmonary artery tone and in the development of pulmonary hypertension. Along with physicists Allister Ferguson and John Girkin, she founded the Centre for Biophotonics and acted as its Director for the next 5 years. In 2005, Gurney moved to the University of Manchester, where she continues to study ion channels in pulmonary artery disease, identifying KCNQ channels as a possible biological target for drugs to treat pulmonary hypertension. Recognition Gurney was awarded the British Pharmacological Society Sandoz prize for her research
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Alison Gurney", {"description":'Professor of Pharmacology', "alias":['Alison M. Gurney', 'A. M. Gurney']}], ["University of Manchester", {}], ["University of Strathclyde", {}], ["1957", {}]]
Relations:[["Alison Gurney", "employer", "University of Manchester"], ["Alison Gurney", "employer", "University of Strathclyde"], ["Alison Gurney", "date of birth", "1957"]] |
### User:
Mulatu Teshome Wirtu (Ge'ez: ሙላቱ ተሾመ ውርቱ; born 1957) is an Ethiopian politician who was President of Ethiopia from 7 October 2013 to 25 October 2018. Biography Mulatu was born in the town of Arjo in Welega Province. He was educated in China, receiving his bachelor's degree in philosophy of political economy and doctorate in international law at Peking University. He received his Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy from The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University in 1990. He taught at some "foreign universities and institutions", according to Speaker Abadula Gemeda. In the mid-1990s hewas Deputy Minister of Economic Development and Cooperation under Minister Girma Birru, and he was appointed as Minister of Agriculture in 2001. He was also Speaker of the House of Federation from 2002 to 2005. He served as Ethiopia's Ambassador to China, Japan, Turkey, and Azerbaijan. While serving as Ambassador to Turkey, he was elected as President of Ethiopia by a unanimous parliamentary vote on 7 October 2013. Girma Seifu of the Unity for Democracy and Justice, the sole opposition member of parliament, welcomed his election. Like his predecessors Girma Wolde-Giorgis and Negasso Gidada, he is Oromo. Mulatu has one
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Mulatu Teshome", {"description":'former President of Ethiopia'}], ["President of Ethiopia", {}], ["Arjo", {}], ["Ethiopia", {}], ["Politician", {}], ["Peking University", {}]]
Relations:[["Mulatu Teshome", "position held", "President of Ethiopia"], ["Mulatu Teshome", "place of birth", "Arjo"], ["Mulatu Teshome", "country of citizenship", "Ethiopia"], ["Mulatu Teshome", "occupation", "Politician"], ["Mulatu Teshome", "educated at", "Peking University"]] |
### User:
This page covers all the important events in the sport of tennis in 2012. Primarily, it provides the results of notable tournaments throughout the year on both the ATP and WTA Tours, the Davis Cup, and the Fed Cup. Important Events January The Czech Republic has won the Hyundai Hopman Cup for the second time with top seeds Petra Kvitová and Tomáš Berdych going right through the week unbeaten in singles ending with straight-set singles victories in the final inside the Burswood Dome, Perth on January 7 against France's Marion Bartoli and Richard Gasquet. The mixed-doubles match was not playedbecause the championship was decided in singles. Andy Murray began the season by playing in the Brisbane International making his debut appearance at the tournament as the top seed in singles and also winning the title against Alexandr Dolgopolov in the final. Estonian tennis player Kaia Kanepi won the Brisbane International by defeating Daniela Hantuchová in the final. Milos Raonic wins Aircel Chennai Open in Chennai, India, overcomes Janko Tipsarević in the final. Raonic did not drop serve during the tournament, becoming the first player to do so since Roger Federer at the 2008 Gerry Weber Open. Zheng Jie beganthe season by winning the ASB Classic over Flavia Pennetta as she retired due to injury. Jo-Wilfried Tsonga, began his 2012 season at the Qatar ExxonMobil Open in Doha, as the #3 seed of the tournament. After Roger Federer announced an unexpected withdrawal from the tournament due to a back problem, Tsonga had a walkover to the final where he defeated Gaël Monfils to become the champion of the Qatar ExxonMobil Open. Finland's best player ever, Jarkko Nieminen won the Apia International Sydney against Julien Benneteau Victoria Azarenka won her first tournament of the year by winning Apia International Sydneydefeating the defending champion Li Na. David Ferrer won his first tournament of 2012 in Auckland, New Zealand at the Heineken Open over Olivier Rochus. Mona Barthel achieved her highest singles ranking of world no. 44 in singles on 16 January 2012 by defeating top seed Yanina Wickmayer in the final of Moorilla Hobart International claiming her first WTA Tour title. With this win, Mona became the first qualifier since September 2010 to win a WTA tournament. Victoria Azarenka has claimed her first Grand Slam title, becoming the first Belarusian player to win a Grand Slam in singles, by defeatinghis 3rd Australian Open. It also marked the first time that he had defended a Grand Slam title. After winning the 2012 Australian Open, Djokovic is on the edge of history, as is having an opportunity to become the first man since Rod Laver in 1969 to hold all four Grand Slams at the same time (chances of completing a Golden Slam this year.), after winning the previous two in 2011. Nadal went on to become the first player to lose three Grand Slam finals in a row in the Open Era. Leander Paes completed a Career Grand Slam whileRadek Štěpánek won his first ever Slam after winning the Australian Open in Men's Doubles. The unseeded Russian pair Svetlana Kuznetsova and Vera Zvonareva defeated the all Italian pair of Sara Errani and Roberta Vinci in Australian Open in Women's Doubles. Bethanie Mattek-Sands and Horia Tecău won the Australian Open in Mixed Doubles tournament by defeating Elena Vesnina and Leander Paes. Mattek-Sands was the only American, man or woman, to win a title at the Australian Open. World number one wheel chair tennis player, Esther Vergeer defended her title against Aniek van Koot in the final of Australian Open inWheelchair Women's Singles. February In the first round of Davis Cup, Spain and the United States won all five matches against their respective opponents, Kazakhstan and Switzerland. France def. Canada, the Czech Republic def. Italy, and Argentina def. Germany by 4-1. Austria and Croatia won 3-2 against Russia and Japan, respectively. During the week of February 13, Roger Federer defeated Juan Martín del Potro to win the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament, a 500 event on the ATP World Tour held in Rotterdam, Netherlands. After his defeat in Rotterdam, del Potro played the next week in Marseille, France, winning his1st title of the year. The Regions Morgan Keegan Championships and the Memphis International, took place from February 17 to February 26. The Regions Morgan Keegan Championships was an ATP World Tour 500 series event, and the Mephis International was a WTA Tour International event. In the final, Jürgen Melzer defeated Milos Raonic, 7-5, 7-6(4). The 2012 Dubai Tennis Championships, an ATP World Tour 500 series event and WTA Tour Premier event, was held over two weeks in the United Arab Emirates. The women's event, took place between February 20 to February 25, and was won by 5th seed AgnieszkaRadwańska, after she defeated Julia Görges in the final. The men's event, took place a week later, from February 27 to March 3, 2012. Roger Federer, seeded second, defeated Andy Murray, 7-5, 6-2, to take home his fifth Dubai title. Murray defeated ATP world No.1 and three-time defending champion Novak Djokovic in the semifinals. During the week of February 27, the Abierto Mexicano Telcel, also an ATP World Tour 500 event and a WTA International event was held in Acapulco, Mexico. David Ferrer, who was ranked 5th but seeded 1st at the event, won the final over Fernando Verdasco, 6-1,men's singles title was won by defending champion Novak Djokovic who defeated Andy Murray, 6-1, 7-6(4). April May June July August September The Entire Year The 2012 Australian Open was held from January 16 to January 29. Defending champion Novak Djokovic defeated Rafael Nadal, 5-7, 6-4, 6-2, 6-7(5), 7-5, to win the longest final in history. The second Grand Slam event of the year was won by Nadal who defeated Djokovic 6-4, 6-3, 2-6, 7-5 to win a record seventh French Open title. At Wimbledon, Roger Federer would equal this record, held by Nadal and Pete Sampras, by winning theMarc López defeated Mahesh Bhupathi and Rohan Bopanna 7–5, 3–6, [10–3] in the final of the doubles draw of the Barclays ATP World Tour Finals. On November 18th, the Czech Republic became champions of the 2012 Davis Cup World Group after defeating Spain 3-2 in the final held at the O2 Arena in Prague from the 16th to the 18th of November. The Davis Cup title was the Czech Republic’s first as an independent nation. December ITF Grand Slam events Australian Open The 2012 Australian Open is a tennis tournament that is taking place in Melbourne Park in Melbourne, Australiafrom January 16 to January 29, 2012. It is the 100th edition of the Australian Open, and the first Grand Slam event of the year. The 2012 Australian Open will take place from the January 2012 and is to be held at Melbourne Park. The Men's singles will be staged for the 100th time. There have been different 59 previous winners and the 100th staging of the event was marked by a special coin and the 2012 Champion will receive a special medallion. The tournament will also mark 50 years since Rod Laver won his first Grand Slam. For thefirst time Hawk eye will be used on the Margaret Court Arena, while Ken Fletcher will be inducted into the Australian Tennis Hall of Fame. French Open The French Open ( or Tournoi de Roland-Garros, , named after the famous French aviator Roland Garros) is a major tennis tournament held over two weeks between late May and early June in Paris, France, at the Stade Roland Garros. It is the premier clay court tennis tournament in the world and the second of the four annual Grand Slam tournaments – the other three are the Australian Open, US Open and Wimbledon.Roland Garros is the only Grand Slam held on clay and ends the spring clay court season. Wimbledon Championships The Championships, Wimbledon, or simply Wimbledon (25 June – 8 July in 2012), is the only Major still played on grass, the game's original surface, which gave the game of lawn tennis its name. The tournament takes place over two weeks in late June and early July, culminating with the Ladies' and Gentlemen's Singles Final, scheduled respectively for the second Saturday and Sunday. Each year, five major events are contested, as well as four junior events and three invitational events. USOpen The US Open, formally the United States Open Tennis Championships, is a hardcourt tennis tournament held annually in August and September over a two-week period (the weeks before and after Labor Day weekend). Davis Cup The 2012 Davis Cup (also known as the 2012 Davis Cup by BNP Paribas for sponsorship purposes) is the 100th edition of the tournament between national teams in men's tennis. The draw took place on 21 September 2011 in Bangkok, Thailand. World Group Draw S-Seeded U-Unseeded Choice of ground Fed Cup The 2012 Fed Cup (also known as the 2012 Fed Cup by BNPParibas for sponsorship purposes) is the 50th edition of the most important tournament between national teams in women's tennis. The final will take place on 4–5 November. World Group Draw S-Seeded U-Unseeded Choice of ground 2012 London Olympics The tennis competitions of the 2012 Summer Olympics were staged at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London, from 29 July to 5 August 2012. 172 tennis players competed in five events; singles and doubles for both men and women and for the first time since 1924 mixed doubles were officially included. ATP World Tour The 2012 ATPWorld Tour is the global elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) for the 2012 tennis season. The 2012 ATP World Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the ATP World Tour Masters 1000, the ATP World Tour 500 series, the ATP World Tour 250 series, the ATP World Team Championship, the Davis Cup (organized by the ITF), the ATP World Tour Finals, and the tennis event at the London Summer Olympic Games. Also included in the 2012 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which is organized by theITF and does not distribute ranking points. ATP Challenger Tour The Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Challenger Tour is the secondary professional tennis circuit organized by the ATP. The 2012 ATP Challenger Tour calendar comprises 15 top tier Tretorn SERIE+ tournaments, and approximately 150 regular series tournaments, with prize money ranging from $35,000 up to $150,000. WTA Tour The 2012 WTA Tour is the elite professional tennis circuit organized by the Women's Tennis Association (WTA) for the 2012 tennis season. The 2012 WTA Tour calendar comprises the Grand Slam tournaments (supervised by the International Tennis Federation (ITF)), the WTA Premiertournaments (Premier Mandatory, Premier 5, and regular Premier), the WTA International tournaments, the Fed Cup (organized by the ITF), the year-end championships (the WTA Tour Championships and the Tournament of Champions), and the tennis event at the London Summer Olympic Games. Also included in the 2012 calendar is the Hopman Cup, which is organized by the ITF and does not distribute ranking points. Retirements Following is a list of notable players (winners of a main tour title, and/or part of the ATP Rankings Top 100 (singles) or Top 50 (doubles) for at least one week) who announced their retirement fromprofessional tennis, became inactive (after not playing for more than 52 weeks), or were permanently banned from playing, during the 2012 season: Peter Luczak (born 31 August 1979 in Warsaw, Poland, moved to Australia in 1980) joined the main circuit in 2000, peaking at No. 64 in singles in 2009. Competing mainly on the ITF Men's Circuit and the ATP Challenger Tour during his career, Luczak's best result came with a gold medal in doubles (w/ Hanley) at the 2010 New Delhi Commonwealth Games. The Australian retired from the sport after losing in the second round of the Australian Openmedal in doubles at the 2004 Athens Olympics, and took part in one successful Davis Cup campaign (2005). Ljubičić played his last tournament in Monte Carlo in April. Arnaud Clément (born 17 December 1977 in Aix-en-Provence, France) became a tennis professional in 1996, peaking as singles No. 10 in 2001, and doubles No. 8 in 2008. In singles, Clément won four titles, made the quarterfinals at all majors but one (the French Open), and reached one Grand Slam final at the Australian Open (2001, lost to Agassi). In doubles, he collected 12 titles and made two major finals with Michaëlcame with four semifinals at the Australian Open (2003, 2005, 2007, 2009), three finals at Wimbledon (2004, 2005, 2009, all lost to Federer), and another final at the US Open (2006, lost to Federer). In doubles, Roddick won four titles including one Masters trophy. Part of the United States Davis Cup roster for 25 ties over 10 years, Roddick helped the team to a final in 2004, and a title (the country's 32nd) in 2007. The American announced he would retire after the US Open in September. International Tennis Hall of Fame Class of 2012: Jennifer Capriati, player Gustavo Kuerten,
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["2012 in tennis", {"description":'overview of the events of 2012 in tennis'}], ["2012", {}], ["Tennis", {}]]
Relations:[["2012 in tennis", "facet of", "2012"], ["2012 in tennis", "facet of", "Tennis"], ["2012 in tennis", "sport", "Tennis"], ["2012 in tennis", "point in time", "2012"]] |
### User:
Devin Williams (born May 31, 1994) is an American professional basketball player for Tofaş of the Turkish Basketball Super League. He played college basketball at West Virginia. High school career Williams first attended Withrow High School in his hometown of Cincinnati, Ohio. As a sophomore in 2010–11, he averaged 13.0 points and 10.6 rebounds per game for the school's basketball team. As a junior at Withrow in 2011–12, he averaged 15.2 points and 10.5 rebounds per game and earned All-Cincinnati Metro Athletic Conference First Team honors. In 2012, Williams transferred to Montverde Academy in Montverde, Florida for his senior year.Boston Celtics for training camp. He was waived by the Celtics on October 5, 2017. Vaqueros de Bayamón (2018) On April 25, 2018, Vaqueros de Bayamón of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional was reported to have signed Williams. Büyükçekmece (2018–2019) On July 13, 2018, he has signed with Büyükçekmece of the Basketball Super League (BSL). KK Budućnost (2019) On February 14, 2019, Devin signed with Budućnost of the Montenegrin League. Personal life Williams is the son of Angela Williams, and had two older brothers. Donshae Williams, the youngest of Williams' two older brothers, was shot and killed in Cincinnati in August2011, just before Williams started his junior year at Withrow High. In December 2015, Williams said of the incident, "Just a bad night. Wrong place, wrong time. It's sad, but that's how my city is. That's how my city is going. I just use it for motivation to get my nephew out of there and make it better for him and the whole family." References External links West Virginia Mountaineers bio Devin Williams at euroleague.net Devin Williams at nba.com Devin Williams at washingtonpost.com Category:1994 births Category:Living people Category:American expatriate basketball people in Australia Category:American expatriate basketball people in Montenegro Category:American
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Devin Williams", {"description":'American basketball player born May 1994'}], ["Basketball", {}], ["Cincinnati", {}], ["Basketball player", {}], ["Montverde Academy", {}]]
Relations:[["Devin Williams", "sport", "Basketball"], ["Devin Williams", "place of birth", "Cincinnati"], ["Devin Williams", "occupation", "Basketball player"], ["Devin Williams", "educated at", "Montverde Academy"]] |
### User:
The 1977 Seattle Seahawks season was the team's second campaign in the National Football League. The 1977 season was the team's first in the AFC West (the conference swap was part of the NFL's expansion plan that saw both the Seahawks and Tampa Bay Buccaneers play every other team in the NFL in their first two seasons; the Seahawks would return to the NFC West in 2002). The Seahawks lost five of their first six games. On October 30, the Seahawks earned their second win of the season when quarterback Jim Zorn returned from an injury and threw four touchdownpasses in a 56-17 win over the Buffalo Bills at the Kingdome. Two weeks later, the team recorded its first shutout, beating the Jets 17-0 in New York. The Seahawks would go on to finish with a 5-9 record, winning their final two games in the process; it was a three-game improvement from the inaugural season. 1977 NFL Draft Personnel Staff Final roster {{NFL final roster |Year=1977 |TeamName=Seattle Seahawks |BC1=#00338D |FC1=white |BDC1=#008542 |offseason=no |ufa=no |rfa=no |erfa=no |Active=53 |Inactive=0 |PS=0 |Quarterbacks= {{NFLplayer|10|Jim Zorn}} |Running Backs= {{NFLplayer|47|Sherman Smith}} {{NFLplayer|42|Don Testerman}} FB |Wide Receivers= {{NFLplayer|89|Duke Fergerson|rookie=y}} {{NFLplayer|80|Steve Largent}} |Tight Ends= {{NFLplayer|87|Ron Howard|d=American football}}
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["1977 Seattle Seahawks season", {"description":'sports season'}], ["Seattle Seahawks", {}], ["American football", {}]]
Relations:[["1977 Seattle Seahawks season", "season of club or team", "Seattle Seahawks"], ["1977 Seattle Seahawks season", "sport", "American football"]] |
### User:
KSLL (1080 AM,) is a radio station broadcasting a country music format. Licensed to Price, Utah, United States, the station serves the Central Utah area. The station is currently owned by Ajb Holdings, LLC. KSLL's skywave signal has been reported in Salt Lake City, Utah and Green River, Wyoming 1080 AM is a United States clear-channel frequency, on which KOAN in Anchorage, Alaska, KRLD in Dallas, Texas, and WTIC in Hartford, Connecticut share Class A status. KSLL must leave the air between sunset and sunrise to protect the nighttime skywave signals of the Class A stations. FM translator The KSLL
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["KSLL", {"description":'radio station in Price, Utah'}], ["Radio station", {}], ["United States", {}], ["Utah", {}], ["Price, Utah", {}]]
Relations:[["KSLL", "instance of", "Radio station"], ["KSLL", "country", "United States"], ["KSLL", "located in the administrative territorial entity", "Utah"], ["KSLL", "licensed to broadcast to", "Price, Utah"]] |
### User:
The North Dakota House of Representatives is the lower house of the North Dakota Legislative Assembly and is larger than the North Dakota Senate. North Dakota is divided into between 40 and 54 legislative districts apportioned by population as determined by the decennial census. The 2000 redistricting plan provided for 47 districts. As each district elects 2 Representatives to the House, there are currently 94 Representatives in the House. Representatives serve 4-year terms. Elections are staggered such that half the districts have elections every 2 years. Originally, the North Dakota Constitution limited members of the North Dakota House of Representativesto two-year terms, with all representatives standing for reelection at the same time. That practice continued until 1996, when the voters approved a constitutional amendment that changed the term for representatives to four-years with staggered terms. The amendment went into effect July 1, 1997, and was first applied in the 1998 elections. Every two years half the districts elect both their representatives by block voting. The House Chamber is located in the North Dakota State Capitol in Bismarck, North Dakota. Composition of the House 66th Legislative Assembly (2019–2020) 2019–2020 Officers Members of the 66th House The below individuals are members
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["North Dakota House of Representatives", {"description":'lower house of U.S. state legislature'}], ["North Dakota", {}], ["North Dakota State Capitol", {}]]
Relations:[["North Dakota House of Representatives", "applies to jurisdiction", "North Dakota"], ["North Dakota House of Representatives", "headquarters location", "North Dakota State Capitol"]] |
### User:
Richmond Castle in Richmond, North Yorkshire, England, stands in a commanding position above the River Swale, close to the centre of the town of Richmond. It was originally called Riche Mount, 'the strong hill'. The castle was constructed by Alan Rufus from 1071 onwards following the Norman Conquest of England, and the Domesday Book of 1086 refers to 'a castlery' at Richmond. In the 12th century, his great-nephew Conan expanded the castle and built the keep. Although it was derelict by 1540, it was restored centuries later. The property is the best-preserved early Norman castle in England and an importanttourist attraction. Layout Richmond Castle consists of four main parts: a triangular main enclosure, an outer enclosure to the east, a keep at the northern corner of the main enclosure, and a small enclosure around the keep. History In 1069 William the Conqueror had put down a rebellion at York which was followed by his "harrying of the North" – an act of ethnic cleansing which depopulated large areas for a generation or more. As a further punishment, he divided up the lands of north Yorkshire among his most loyal followers. Alan Rufus, of Brittany, received the borough of Richmondand began constructing the castle to defend against further rebellions and to establish a personal power base. His holdings, called the Honour of Richmond, covered parts of eight counties and amounted to one of the most extensive Norman estates in England. A -high keep of honey-coloured sandstone was constructed at the end of the 12th century by Duke Conan IV of Brittany. The Earldom of Richmond was seized in 1158 by Henry II of England. It was King Henry II who probably completed the keep which had -thick walls. Modern visitors can climb to the top of the keep forof the town of Richmond. At the same time that the keep was probably completed, Henry II considerably strengthened the castle by adding towers and a barbican. Henry III and King Edward I spent more money on the site including Edward's improvements to the keep interior. In addition to the main circuit of the wall, there was the barbican in front of the main gate which functioned as a sealed entry space, allowing visitors and wagons to be checked before they gained entry to the castle itself. On the other side of the castle, overlooking the river, was another enclosureor bailey called the Cockpit, which may have functioned as a garden and was overlooked by a balcony. A drawing of 1674 suggests there was another longer balcony overlooking the river side of Scolland's Hall, the Great Hall. Richmond Castle had fallen out of use as a fortress by the end of the 14th century and it did not receive major improvements after that date. A survey of 1538 shows it was partly in ruins, but paintings by Turner and others, together with the rise of tourism and an interest in antiquities, led to repairs to the keep in theearly 19th century. In 1855 the castle became the headquarters of the North Yorkshire Militia, and a military barracks block was constructed in the great courtyard. For two years, from 1908 to 1910, the castle was the home of Robert Baden-Powell, later founder of the Boy Scouts, while he commanded the Northern Territorial Army but the barracks building was demolished in 1931. The castle was used during the First World War as the base of the Non-Combatant Corps made up of conscientious objectors – conscripts who refused to fight. It was also used to imprison some conscientious objectors who refusedto accept army discipline and participate in the war in any way. These included the "Richmond Sixteen" who were taken to France from the castle, charged under Field Regulations, and then sentenced to death, but their death sentences were commuted to ten years' hard labour. The original 11th-century main gate arch is now in the basement of the later 12th century keep which was built in front of it; the original arch was unblocked in the 19th century. The castle is a scheduled monument, a "nationally important" historic building and archaeological site which has been given protection against unauthorised change.It is also a Grade I listed building and therefore recognised as an internationally important structure. According to legend, King Arthur and his knights are sleeping in a cave underneath the castle. It is said that they were once discovered by a potter named Thompson, who ran away when they began to awake. Another legend tells that a drummer boy was lost while investigating a tunnel, and that his ghostly drumming is sometimes heard around the castle. See also List of castles in England Notes References Notes Bibliography Further reading External links English Heritage's page on Richmond Castle Gatehouse record
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Richmond Castle", {"description":'eleventh-century castle built in Richmond, North Yorkshire, England'}], ["Castle", {}], ["Richmond, North Yorkshire", {}], ["Yorkshire", {}], ["Archaeological site", {}], ["Scheduled monument", {}], ["English Heritage", {}]]
Relations:[["Richmond Castle", "instance of", "Castle"], ["Richmond Castle", "located in the administrative territorial entity", "Richmond, North Yorkshire"], ["Richmond Castle", "historic county", "Yorkshire"], ["Richmond Castle", "instance of", "Archaeological site"], ["Richmond Castle", "heritage designation", "Scheduled monument"], ["Richmond Castle", "operator", "English Heritage"]] |
### User:
The Roper River is a large perennial river located in the Katherine region of the Northern Territory of Australia. Location and features Formed by the confluence of the Waterhouse River and Roper Creek, the Roper River rises east of Mataranka in the Elsey National Park and flows generally east for over to meet the sea in Limmen Bight on the Gulf of Carpentaria. The river is joined by fifteen tributaries including the Chambers, Strangways, Jalboi, Hodgson and the Wilton Rivers. The river descends over its course and has a catchment area of , which is one of the largest rivercatchment areas in the Northern Territory. The Roper River is navigable for about , until the tidal limit at Roper Bar, and forms the southern boundary of the region known as Arnhem Land. Mataranka Hot Springs and the township of Mataranka lie close to the river at its western end. Port Roper lies near its mouth on Limmen Bight. The river has a mean annual outflow of . Etymology The first European to explore the Roper River was Ludwig Leichhardt in 1845 as he made his way from Moreton Bay to Port Essington. Leichhardt crossed the river at Roper Bar,
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Roper River", {"description":'river in Northern Territory, Australia'}], ["River", {}], ["Australia", {}], ["Northern Territory", {}], ["Limmen Bight", {}]]
Relations:[["Roper River", "instance of", "River"], ["Roper River", "country", "Australia"], ["Roper River", "located in the administrative territorial entity", "Northern Territory"], ["Roper River", "mouth of the watercourse", "Limmen Bight"]] |
### User:
San Giorgio Maggiore is a basilica church located on the corner of Via vicaria Vecchia and Via Duomo, in central Naples, Italy. The apse of the church lies diagonally across the street from San Severo al Pendino. A church at the site was built by the 4th century, and was initially known as "la severiana", after the bishop San Severo of Naples. The present name dates to the 9th century, and is dedicated to a martyred warrior in the battles against the Lombards. In 1640, a fire destroyed part of the church, and reconstruction followed plans by Cosimo Fanzago, whoinverted the orientation. The present church's entrance is the former apse of the primitive church. After 1694, it was rebuilt after an earthquake. Cosimo Fanzago transferred into this church some of the granite columns from the nearby church of Santa Maria degli Angeli alle Croci. During the 18th century Risanamiento, when certain streets in Naples were being widened, the nave on the right side of the church was eliminated to widen Via Duomo. Near the lateral door of the church is the marble seat, constructed from spolia, of St Severus, founder of the church. In the left of main altar
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["San Giorgio Maggiore, Naples", {"description":'church', "alias":['San Giorgio Maggiore']}], ["Italy", {}], ["Naples", {}], ["Cosimo Fanzago", {}]]
Relations:[["San Giorgio Maggiore, Naples", "country", "Italy"], ["San Giorgio Maggiore, Naples", "located in the administrative territorial entity", "Naples"], ["San Giorgio Maggiore, Naples", "architect", "Cosimo Fanzago"]] |
### User:
Stefano Zacchetti (1968 – April 29, 2020) was an Italian academic specialising in Buddhist studies. From 2012 until his death in 2020 he was Yehan Numata Professor of Buddhist Studies at the University of Oxford and a professorial fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. Career Born in 1968, Zacchetti studied Chinese and Sanskrit at Ca' Foscari University of Venice from 1986 to 1994, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree; this included two years of study abroad, at Sichuan University (1990–92). He then carried out doctoral studies at Venice and spent time studying at the Sinologisch Instituut and the Kern Instituteat Leiden University. Ca' Foscari University of Venice awarded him a PhD in Asian Studies in 1999. Zacchetti taught Sinology at University of Padua for the 1999–2000 academic year. In 2001, he was appointed an associate professor at the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology at Sōka University in Tokyo. He returned to Ca' Foscari University of Venice in 2005 to take up a tenured lectureship in the Department of Asian and North African Studies. In the autumn of 2011 he was a visiting professor at the University of California, Berkeley. In 2012, he was appointed Yehan Numata Professor ofBuddhist Studies at the University of Oxford and a professorial fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. Zacchetti died on 29 April 2020. Research According to an obituary written by Balliol College, Zacchetti's specialisms were: "early Chinese Buddhist translations (2nd-5th centuries CE); Mahāyāna literature in Sanskrit and Chinese; the history of the Chinese Buddhist canon; and Chinese Buddhism (particularly early Chinese Buddhist commentaries)". Publications In Praise of the Light: A Critical Synoptic Edition with an Annotated Translation of Chapters 1-3 of Dharmarakṣa’s Guang zan jing 光讚經, Being the Earliest Chinese Translation of the Larger Prajñāpāramitā, Bibliotheca Philologica et Philosophica Buddhica VIII (Tokyo:
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Stefano Zacchetti", {"description":'Italian sinologist'}], ["University of Oxford", {}], ["Oxford", {}], ["Ca' Foscari University of Venice", {}], ["Stefano", {}], ["University of Padua", {}], ["Sinology", {}], ["Chinese Buddhism", {}]]
Relations:[["Stefano Zacchetti", "employer", "University of Oxford"], ["Stefano Zacchetti", "place of death", "Oxford"], ["Stefano Zacchetti", "educated at", "Ca' Foscari University of Venice"], ["Stefano Zacchetti", "given name", "Stefano"], ["Stefano Zacchetti", "employer", "University of Padua"], ["Stefano Zacchetti", "field of work", "Sinology"], ["Stefano Zacchetti", "interested in", "Chinese Buddhism"]] |
### User:
|} The Irish Champion Stakes (Irish: Curadh-Dhuais na hÉireann) is a Group 1 flat horse race in Ireland open to horses aged three years or older. It is run at Leopardstown over a distance of 1 mile and 2 furlongs (2,012 metres), and it is scheduled to take place each year in September. History The event was established in 1976, and it was initially held at Leopardstown as the Joe McGrath Memorial Stakes. It was named in memory of Joe McGrath (1887–1966), the founder of the Irish Hospitals' Sweepstake and a successful racehorse owner. The race was transferred to Phoenix(2000), High Chaparral (2003), Oratorio (2005), Dylan Thomas (2006, 2007), Cape Blanco (2010), So You Think (2011) Leading owner (7 wins): (includes part ownership) Sue Magnier / Michael Tabor – Giant's Causeway (2000), High Chaparral (2003), Oratorio (2005), Dylan Thomas (2006, 2007), Cape Blanco (2010), So You Think (2011) Winners See also Horse racing in Ireland List of Irish flat horse races Recurring sporting events established in 1976 – this race is included under its original title, Joe McGrath Memorial Stakes. References Paris-Turf: , , , , Racing Post: , , , , , , , , , , ,
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Irish Champion Stakes", {"description":'Flat horse race in Ireland'}], ["1976", {}]]
Relations:[["Irish Champion Stakes", "inception", "1976"]] |
### User:
Nouzha Skalli (born May 25, 1950 in El Jadida, Morocco) is a Moroccan politician from the Party of Progress and Socialism who served as Minister of Solidarity, Women, Family, and Social Development from October 2007 until January 2012 in the government of Abbas El Fassi. She received her degree in pharmacy from the University of Montpellier. Political career In 2002, she was elected MP at the house of Representatives for the PPS (Party for progress and socialism) In 2003-2004, she became chairwoman of the Socialist Alliance parliamentary group Vice chairwoman of the commission for social sectors at the House ofrepresentatives Member of the political bureau of the Party for progress and socialism Founding member and one of the national representatives of the democratic association of women of Morocco (ADFM), created in 1985 Founding member and animator of the CLEF (Center for Feminine Leadership), created in 1997 in Casablanca Founding member of the Moroccan organisation of human rights (OMDH) Founding member of the Center for legal advice and support to assaulted women, created in 1995 in Casablanca Member of the administrative board of the National institution for solidarity to battered women (INSAF) Founder of the National committee for the politicalparticipation of women in 1992, Casablanca Former chairwoman of the national union of pharmaceutical workers unions of Morocco (1993–1997) Member of the Global Network for Local Governance's steering committee (GNLG), based in New Delhi Awards By Espode: Feminine talents (March 2005) By Washington's Population Institute: Best leader award, December 2004 By the Democratic association of Women of Morocco on Casablanca, 2002 By the Parpaceutical union in 2001 In November 2009 the Club de la Donne (wives club) awarded her the "Minerva" Anna Mammolitti prize, politics section Publications Nouzha Skalli wrote several articles and interviews in national and foreign newspapers: Al
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Nouzha Skalli", {"description":'Moroccan politician'}], ["Party of Progress and Socialism", {}], ["El Jadida", {}], ["Morocco", {}], ["Politician", {}], ["Human", {}]]
Relations:[["Nouzha Skalli", "member of political party", "Party of Progress and Socialism"], ["Nouzha Skalli", "place of birth", "El Jadida"], ["Nouzha Skalli", "country of citizenship", "Morocco"], ["Nouzha Skalli", "occupation", "Politician"], ["Nouzha Skalli", "instance of", "Human"]] |
### User:
Prasophyllum validum, commonly known as the Mount Remarkable leek orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to South Australia. It has a single tubular leaf and up to forty five green to yellowish-green flowers with a white labellum. A similar leek orchid occurring in Victoria, previously included in this species, is known recognised as the undescribed Prasophyllum sp. aff. validum. Description Prasophyllum validum is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single tube-shaped leaf long and wide. Between twenty and forty five flowers are arranged along a flowering spike long reaching to a height of .extending almost to its tip. Flowering occurs in November and December. A similar orchid found in Victoria, formerly included in this species, is now recognised as an undescribed species with the temporary name Prasophyllum sp. aff. validum. Taxonomy and naming Prasophyllum validum was first formally described in 1927 by Richard Sanders Rogers and the description was published in Transactions, proceedings and report, Royal Society of South Australia. The specific epithet (validum) is a Latin word meaning "strong" or "sound". Distribution and habitat The Mount Remarkable leek orchid grows in woodland on slopes and gullies in the Mount Remarkable National Parkalthough it had a wider distribution in the past. Conservation Prasophyllum validum (including Prasophyllum sp. aff. validum) is listed as "Vulnerable" under the Commonwealth Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC) Act and under the South Australian National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972. In 2008 the total population in South Australia was estimated to be about 1500 plants. The spesies was formerly known from other populations but the last of these was seen in 1994. The main threats to the population are competition from weeds, grazing by kangaroos, rabbits and livestock and by vehicles and machine use near
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Prasophyllum validum", {"description":'species of plant'}], ["Species", {}], ["Prasophyllum", {}]]
Relations:[["Prasophyllum validum", "taxon rank", "Species"], ["Prasophyllum validum", "parent taxon", "Prasophyllum"]] |
### User:
The SecA protein is a cell membrane associated subunit of the eubacterial Sec or Type II secretory pathway, a system which is responsible for the secretion of proteins through the cell membrane. Within this system SecA has the functional properties of an ATPase and is required to power the movement of the protein substrate across the translocon channel. The translocase system encompasses an array of proteins which are functionally centred on the translocon channel which mediates the export of proteins across the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and the insertion of membrane proteins into it. Regardless of the chosen targeting route, preproteineventually reach the cytoplasmic membrane and make contact with the translocase. This translocase consists of the peripheral membrane ATPase SecA and the translocon membrane channel, which itself is composed of the proteins SecY, SecE, and SecG. Conformational changes within the SecA structure are the effect of its ATP-hydrolyzing behaviour and possibly lead to the stepwise export of the preprotein substrate through the SecYEG channel. Structure SecA is a complex protein whose structure consists of six characterized domains that can explain SecA’s capabilities to bind substrates and to move them. The following five domains seem to be present in all SecA
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["SecA", {"description":'InterPro Family', "alias":['Protein translocase subunit SecA', 'SecA', 'IPR000185']}], ["Protein", {}]]
Relations:[["SecA", "subclass of", "Protein"]] |
### User:
__NOTOC__ This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Clair County, Alabama. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in St. Clair County, Alabama, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a Google map. There are 15 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county. Current listings |} See also List of National Historic Landmarks in Alabama National Register of Historic Places listings
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Clair County, Alabama", {"description":'Wikimedia list article'}], ["National Register of Historic Places", {}], ["United States", {}]]
Relations:[["National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Clair County, Alabama", "is a list of", "National Register of Historic Places"], ["National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Clair County, Alabama", "country", "United States"]] |
### User:
Thomas Michael Whalen III, also known as Tom Whalen, (January 6, 1934 – March 4, 2002) was an American attorney and politician, and a three-term mayor of Albany, New York, serving from 1983 to 1993. A native of Albany, he graduated from Manhattan College and Albany Law School. Early life and education Thomas Michael Whalen III was born to an ethnic Irish Catholic family in Albany in 1934. He attended Vincention Institute for elementary, middle and high school. He graduated from Manhattan College in 1955 and Albany Law School. Career After law school, Whalen joined the law firm of Cooper,decades. He retired from public office on December 31, 1993. After unsuccessfully seeking nomination to the federal bench, he returned to the practice of law. He died in a car accident at the age of 68. Marriage and family In 1960 he married Denis Marie O'Connor. They had five children together: Laura Whalen, who lives in Albany as an adult; and four sons, Thomas, of Clarksville; Mark, of New Salem; Matthew of Garden City; and Jonathan of Slingerlands. Legacy Whalen is credited with leading a broad revitalization of both the City of Albany and the Capital District through the 1980sthe New York State Assembly is named in his honor. In 2000, Whalen joined the staff at University College Cork. He decided to found an internship program for that college's students to go to the College of Saint Rose in Albany for experiential education in the American city, especially working with the state legislature. He died in a car accident in 2002, just as the first "Irish Interns" were set to arrive in Albany. Whalen was eulogized at Albany Law, his alma mater. An award is granted by the Neighborhood Resource Center in his honor. The "Thomas M. Whalen III
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Thomas Michael Whalen III", {"description":'American politician', "alias":['Tom Whalen', 'Thomas Whalen', 'Thomas Whalen III', 'Thomas M. Whalen', 'Thomas M. Whalen III']}], ["Politician", {}], ["Manhattan College", {}], ["Albany, New York", {}], ["Accident", {}]]
Relations:[["Thomas Michael Whalen III", "occupation", "Politician"], ["Thomas Michael Whalen III", "educated at", "Manhattan College"], ["Thomas Michael Whalen III", "place of birth", "Albany, New York"], ["Thomas Michael Whalen III", "manner of death", "Accident"]] |
### User:
Sitara Ayaz () is a Pakistani politician and a member of Senate of Pakistan, representing Awami National Party. Education She has done BA from Jinnah College For Women in 1990. Political career She was elected to the Senate of Pakistan as a candidate of Awami National Party on reserved seat for women in 2015 Pakistani Senate election. Native Town: District SWABI, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Positions held: worked as Consultant (Development Sector) Head of APWA (KPK) from 2003 to 2008 Provincial Minister of KPK for Social Welfare and Women Empowerment 2008-2013 Chairperson of the Senate Standing Committee on Climate Change. References Category:Living
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Sitara Ayaz", {"description":'politician in Pakistan'}], ["Awami National Party", {}], ["Politician", {}]]
Relations:[["Sitara Ayaz", "member of political party", "Awami National Party"], ["Sitara Ayaz", "occupation", "Politician"]] |
### User:
Here We Rest is American musician Jason Isbell's third album, and second with his band The 400 Unit. It was released April 12, 2011. On October 18, 2019, the album was re-released with remixing done by Dave Cobb and remastering done by Pete Lyman. Critical reception The album received a Metacritic score of 76 based on 15 reviews, indicating generally favorable reviews. Andrew Leahey of AllMusic found that the songs in the album had captured "archetypal characters that populate most struggling Southern towns" with a "sympathetic soundtrack of folk, country, and bar band rock & roll", one that is "bittersweet,but there’s an air of resilience". Zeth Lundy of Boston Phoenix thought that Isbell had settled into his "comfortable post-Truckers solo-artist groove," and that his voice "is now smoother, older yet less weathered." Nick Coleman of Independent on Sunday however felt that what kept the album from becoming an impressive album is "the slightness of [Isbell's] voice – and his band". Track listing "Go It Alone" was used in Sons of Anarchy Season 4 episode "Booster." "Alabama Pines" won Song of the Year at the 2012 Americana Music Awards. Personnel Jason Isbell - lead vocal, lead and rhythm guitars, piano,
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Here We Rest", {"description":'album by Jason Isbell'}], ["Album", {}], ["Jason Isbell", {}]]
Relations:[["Here We Rest", "instance of", "Album"], ["Here We Rest", "performer", "Jason Isbell"]] |
### User:
Daniel Casey Dorn (born July 20, 1984) is an American former professional baseball right fielder and first baseman. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Arizona Diamondbacks and in KBO League for the Nexen Heroes. Career Amateur Dorn played college baseball at California State University, Fullerton from 2003 to 2006. In 2005, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Brewster Whitecaps of the Cape Cod Baseball League. After his junior season, he was drafted by the Tampa Bay Devil Rays in the 23rd round of the 2005 Major League Baseball Draft. He did not sign and returned forhis senior season. Cincinnati Reds He was drafted by the Cincinnati Reds in the 32nd round of the 2006 MLB Draft. Dorn played in the Reds organization from 2006 to 2012. He was released by the Reds in 2012. Detroit Tigers On December 14, 2012, Dorn signed a minor league deal with the Detroit Tigers. Arizona Diamondbacks On November 27, 2013, Dorn signed with the Arizona Diamondbacks. He was called up to the majors for the first time on April 21, 2015. On August 24, Dorn was designated for assignment. Toronto Blue Jays He was claimed off waivers by theToronto Blue Jays on August 28, 2015, and assigned to the Triple-A Buffalo Bisons. He was designated for assignment on September 6, and assigned outright to Buffalo on September 9. On November 6, 2015, Dorn elected free agency. Nexen Heroes Dorn signed with the Nexen Heroes of the Korea Baseball Organization in November 2015. He became a free agent after the 2017 season. Somerset Patriots On March 19, 2018, Dorn signed with the Somerset Patriots of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. He became a free agent following the 2018 season. Coaching Career Dorn is currently the manager for theLos Angeles Dodgers Dominican Summer League affiliate. References External links Cal State Fullerton Titans bio Category:1984 births Category:Living people Category:People from San Dimas, California Category:Baseball coaches from California Category:Baseball players from California Category:Arizona Diamondbacks players Category:Kiwoom Heroes players Category:American expatriate baseball players in South Korea Category:Cal State Fullerton Titans baseball players Category:Billings Mustangs players Category:Sarasota Reds players Category:Chattanooga Lookouts players Category:Louisville Bats players Category:Caribes de Anzoátegui players Category:Leones del Caracas players Category:Toledo Mud Hens players Category:Arizona League Diamondbacks players Category:Reno Aces players Category:Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players Category:KBO League outfielders Category:Somerset Patriots players Category:Brewster Whitecaps players Category:Minor league baseball managers
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Danny Dorn", {"description":'American baseball player'}], ["Baseball", {}], ["Arizona Diamondbacks", {}], ["First baseman", {}], ["Kiwoom Heroes", {}], ["San Dimas, California", {}]]
Relations:[["Danny Dorn", "sport", "Baseball"], ["Danny Dorn", "member of sports team", "Arizona Diamondbacks"], ["Danny Dorn", "position played on team / speciality", "First baseman"], ["Danny Dorn", "member of sports team", "Kiwoom Heroes"], ["Danny Dorn", "place of birth", "San Dimas, California"]] |
### User:
Jeannette Durno (July 12, 1876 – September 5, 1963) was a Canadian-born American pianist. Early life Jeannette St. John was born in Walkerton, Ontario, the daughter of William Brethour St. John and Margaret Legge St. John. She was adopted by an aunt and uncle as a little girl, and raised in Rockford, Illinois with the surname Durno. She attended Rockford College. She studied piano in Vienna, with Theodor Leschetizky; she also trained as a vocalist. Career Jeannette Durno was a frequent guest soloist with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra. She toured in the United States and Canada, mostly in the midwest,but also appearing in New York and Boston. She played in Los Angeles at the Biennial Festival of the National Federation of Music Clubs in 1915. She made some piano rolls of her performances of works by Liszt, Debussy, Grieg, and Chopin. She was known especially for her interpretations of Chopin. "Among the younger pianists of the middle western states few more notable are to be found that Miss Jeannette Durno of Chicago," explained one publication in 1899. She also taught piano in Chicago. Among her students were Canadian pianists Evelyn Eby, Neil Chotem, and Lyell Gustin. She also taughtmusic pedagogy to piano teachers. Frank La Forge dedicated a 1911 composition titled "Romance" to Durno. She was active in the Musicians Club of Women. "To me, a pianist lacking spontaneity is uninteresting," Durno told an interviewer in 1920. "Therefore it is one of my especial aims, both in my own playing and in my teaching, to preserve freshness and avoid the obviously studied effort, which is unfortunately noticeable in so much piano playing." Personal life Jeannette Durno married her manager, Dunstan Collins, in 1901. They divorced in 1910. She was a champion amateur golfer in Chicago. She died in
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Jeannette Durno", {"description":'Canadian-born American pianis'}], ["Pianist", {}], ["Piano", {}]]
Relations:[["Jeannette Durno", "occupation", "Pianist"], ["Jeannette Durno", "instrument", "Piano"]] |
### User:
The 1984 Virginia Slims of California was a women's tennis tournament played on indoor carpet courts at the Oakland Coliseum in Oakland, California in the United States that was part of the 1984 Virginia Slims World Championship Series. The tournament was held from January 9 through January 15, 1984. Eighth-seeded Hana Mandlíková won the singles title. Finals Singles Hana Mandlíková defeated Martina Navratilova 7–6(8–6), 3–6, 6–4 It was Mandlíková's 2nd title of the year and the 20th of her career. Doubles Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver defeated Rosie Casals / Alycia Moulton 6–1, 6–2, 6–3 It was Navratilova's 1st title
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["1984 Virginia Slims of California", {"description":'tennis tournament'}], ["Tennis", {}], ["United States", {}]]
Relations:[["1984 Virginia Slims of California", "sport", "Tennis"], ["1984 Virginia Slims of California", "country", "United States"]] |
### User:
Chinaemerem Jermaine Udumaga (born 22 June 1995) is an English professional football attacking midfielder who is currently unattached. He describes himself as "either an eight or a 10 driving from midfield". Career Early years Born in Lewisham, Udumaga began his career in the youth system at nearby club Charlton Athletic, before moving League Two side Oxford United in 2011 and signing scholarship forms in February 2012. He joined Premier League club Newcastle United on trial in 2012, before signing for Championship side Crystal Palace towards the end of the 2012–13 season. Brentford Towards the end of the 2013–14 season, Udumagahis Chairboys debut as a substitute for Paul Hayes late in a 2–0 win over Crawley Town on 28 December. He made three further appearances before returning to Brentford when his loan expired. KSF Prespa Birlik On 6 August 2016, Udumaga was announced as having joined Swedish Division 1 Södra side KSF Prespa Birlik. He scored one goal in 11 appearances before departing the club. Career statistics References External links Category:1995 births Category:Living people Category:English footballers Category:Black English sportspeople Category:Association football forwards Category:Brentford F.C. players Category:Charlton Athletic F.C. players Category:Oxford United F.C. players Category:Crystal Palace F.C. players Category:English Football League
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Jermaine Udumaga", {"description":'English association football player (born 1995)'}], ["Jermaine", {}], ["Lewisham", {}], ["Association football", {}]]
Relations:[["Jermaine Udumaga", "given name", "Jermaine"], ["Jermaine Udumaga", "place of birth", "Lewisham"], ["Jermaine Udumaga", "sport", "Association football"]] |
### User:
Alice Cary (April 26, 1820February 12, 1871) was an American poet, and the older sister of fellow poet Phoebe Cary (1824–1871). Biography Alice Cary was born on April 26, 1820, in Mount Healthy, Ohio, off the Miami River near Cincinnati. Her parents lived on a farm bought by Robert Cary in 1813 in what is now North College Hill, Ohio. He called the Clovernook Farm. The farm was north of Cincinnati, a good distance from schools, and the father could not afford to give their large family of nine children a very good education. But Alice and her sister Phoebeand Horace Greeley. Alice and her sister were included in the influential anthology The Female Poets of America prepared by Rufus Griswold. Griswold encouraged publishers to put forth a collection of the sisters' poetry, even asking John Greenleaf Whittier to provide a preface. Whittier refused, believing their poetry did not need his endorsement, and also noting a general dislike for prefaces as a method to "pass off by aid of a known name, what otherwise would not pass current". In 1849, a Philadelphia publisher accepted the book, Poems of Alice and Phoebe Cary, and Griswold wrote the preface, left unsigned.By the spring of 1850, Alice and Griswold were often corresponding through letters which were often flirtatious. This correspondence ended by the summer of that year. The anthology made Alice and Phoebe well-known, and in 1850 they moved to New York City, where they devoted themselves to writing, and garnered much fame. There, they also hosted receptions on Sunday evenings which drew notable figures including P. T. Barnum, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, John Greenleaf Whittier, Horace Greeley, Bayard Taylor and his wife, Richard and Elizabeth Stoddard, Robert Dale Owen, Oliver Johnson, Mary Mapes Dodge, Mrs. Croly, Mrs. Victor, Edwin H. Chapin,Henry M. Field, Charles F. Deems, Samuel Bowles, Thomas B. Aldrich, Anna E. Dickinson, George Ripley, Madame Le Vert, Henry Wilson, Justin McCarthy; in short, all the noted contemporary names in the different departments of literature and art might fairly be added to the list. Alice wrote for the Atlantic Monthly, Harper's, Putnam's Magazine, the New York Ledger, the Independent, and other literary periodicals. Her articles, whether prose or poetry, were gathered subsequently into volumes which were received well in the United States and abroad. She also wrote novels and poems which did not make their first appearance in periodicals.Among her prose works were The Clovernook Children and Snow Berries, a Book for Young Folks. Alice died of tuberculosis in 1871 in New York at age 51. The pallbearers at her funeral included P. T. Barnum and Horace Greeley. Alice Cary is buried alongside her sister Phoebe in Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, New York. The Cary Home stands today on the east side of Hamilton Avenue (US 127), on the campus of the Clovernook Center for the Blind and Visually Impaired in North College Hill. Works Poems of Alice and Phoebe Cary (1849) A Memorial of Alice and Phoebe CaryWith Some of Their Later Poems, compiled and edited by Mary Clemmer Ames (1873) The Last Poems of Alice and Phoebe Cary, compiled and edited by Mary Clemmer Ames (1873) Ballads for Little Folk by Alice and Phoebe Cary, compiled and edited by Mary Clemmer Ames (1873) Note: In early volumes, "Cary" was spelled "Carey" in and on Phoebe and Alice Cary's books, and later editions and volumes changed the spelling to "Cary". References External links Alice Cary (1820–1871) Cary Cottage Cary Oak Index entry at Poets' Corner for Alice Cary Green-Wood Cemetery Burial Search Works with text by Alice
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Alice Cary", {"description":'American writer', "alias":['Alice Cary']}], ["Poet", {}], ["Phoebe Cary", {}], ["Cincinnati", {}], ["Poetry", {}], ["New York City", {}], ["United States", {}], ["Green-Wood Cemetery", {}], ["Tuberculosis", {}]]
Relations:[["Alice Cary", "occupation", "Poet"], ["Alice Cary", "sibling", "Phoebe Cary"], ["Alice Cary", "place of birth", "Cincinnati"], ["Alice Cary", "field of work", "Poetry"], ["Alice Cary", "place of death", "New York City"], ["Alice Cary", "country of citizenship", "United States"], ["Alice Cary", "place of burial", "Green-Wood Cemetery"], ["Alice Cary", "cause of death", "Tuberculosis"], ["Alice Cary", "medical condition", "Tuberculosis"]] |
### User:
John Ethridge McCall (August 14, 1859 – August 8, 1920) was a United States Representative from Tennessee and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee. Education and career Born on August 14, 1859, in Clarksburg, Carroll County, Tennessee, McCall attended public and private schools, then received an Artium Baccalaureus degree in 1881 from the University of Tennessee and read law in 1882. He was editor of the Tennessee Republican in 1882. He was admitted to the bar and entered private practice in Huntingdon, Tennessee in 1882. He continued private practicein Lexington, Tennessee starting in 1883. He was an unsuccessful candidate for district attorney in 1886. He was a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives from 1887 to 1889. He was a delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1888 and 1900. He was an Assistant United States Attorney for the Western District of Tennessee from 1890 to 1891. He was an unsuccessful candidate for nomination as Governor of Tennessee in 1892. Congressional service McCall was elected as a Republican from Tennessee's 8th congressional district to the United States House of Representatives of the 54th United States Congress andserved from March 4, 1895 to March 3, 1897. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1896 to the 55th United States Congress. He was an unsuccessful Republican candidate for Governor of Tennessee in 1900. He was collector of internal revenue for the fifth district of Tennessee 1902 to 1905. Federal judicial service McCall was nominated by President Theodore Roosevelt on January 9, 1905, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee vacated by Judge Eli Shelby Hammond. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on January 17, 1905, and receivedhis commission the same day. His service terminated on August 8, 1920, due to his death in Huntingdon. He was interred in Forest Hill Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. References External links Category:1859 births Category:1920 deaths Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee Category:Members of the Tennessee House of Representatives Category:Judges of the United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee Category:American prosecutors Category:United States district court judges appointed by Theodore Roosevelt Category:20th-century American judges Category:Tennessee Republicans Category:Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives Category:Assistant United States Attorneys Category:People from Carroll County, Tennessee
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["John E. McCall", {"description":'American politician (1859-1920)'}], ["United States", {}], ["Judge", {}], ["United States Representative", {}], ["University of Tennessee", {}], ["Huntingdon, Tennessee", {}], ["McCall", {}]]
Relations:[["John E. McCall", "country of citizenship", "United States"], ["John E. McCall", "occupation", "Judge"], ["John E. McCall", "position held", "United States Representative"], ["John E. McCall", "educated at", "University of Tennessee"], ["John E. McCall", "place of death", "Huntingdon, Tennessee"], ["John E. McCall", "family name", "McCall"]] |
### User:
Peter Drew Hutton (born 1947) is an Australian activist, academic, campaigner and past political candidate. Hutton co-founded the Queensland Greens (in 1990) and Australian Greens (in 1991) and ran in elections in Queensland and Australia at all three levels of government. Social activist Hutton has been a social activist all his adult life. "Since 1984 I have been part of the process that has moved green politics from the margins to the mainstream of Australian political life. Along the way I have been privileged to represent the Party as a spokesperson and as a candidate. The Greens are now poisedmany years, Hutton was a lecturer at tertiary institutions in South East Queensland including Queensland University of Technology (QUT) and University of Southern Queensland. Hutton has published books and numerous articles, especially on green philosophy, history and ethics. He brought together the first book on green politics in Australia in 1987 and with his partner Libby Connors wrote A History of the Australian Environment Movement published by Cambridge University Press in 1999. Hutton and Dr Conners were married in 1986, and have two adult sons. Organiser Over the last 29 years Hutton has been a key organiser or spokesperson for
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Drew Hutton", {"description":'Australian politician'}], ["1947", {}], ["Australia", {}], ["Queensland University of Technology", {}], ["University of Southern Queensland", {}]]
Relations:[["Drew Hutton", "date of birth", "1947"], ["Drew Hutton", "country of citizenship", "Australia"], ["Drew Hutton", "employer", "Queensland University of Technology"], ["Drew Hutton", "employer", "University of Southern Queensland"]] |
### User:
Raving Rabbids: Travel in Time is a party video game developed and published by Ubisoft for the Wii. It was released in North America on November 21, 2010, in Europe on November 26, 2010, in Australia on November 25, 2010 and in Japan on January 27, 2011. It is the fifth installment in the Rabbids series and, unlike the previous entry, Rabbids Go Home, it returns to the party game genre. Plot summary Wii version The Rabbids use a time machine (which looks like a washing machine) to go through different times to change the history of the World Accordingto the trailer, first they go to The Prehistory in 10, 000 BC and help a caveman discover fire, but end up giving him a lighter. Then they go to middle-aged Ancient Egypt in 2500 BC to disturb work on the Sphinx and make the nose fall off. And last, they go to Middle Ages in 520 but they end up underground holding down the legendary sword Excalibur when Arthur tries to pull it off the stone, but he gives up and leaves. When the Rabbids leave, Grannie ended up pulling the sword instead of Arthur. In the intro foryear 4096 A.D (although the time machine says the player and the rabbid were transported to a museum in 2012 A.D, (8 years ago)), where Professor Barranco 3 (the ultra-intelligent Rabbid commander from Rayman Raving Rabbids 2) is drilling various Rabbids to use time machines to take absolute control over the space-time continuum. However, the player's Rabbid literally pulls the plug on one of the machines and causes all the time machines to disappear. This action inadvertently initiates a time paradox (which results in a sped-up version of the game intro). Nintendo 3DS version Taking place after the events ofthe Wii version of Raving Rabbids Travel In Time, the Rabbids are playing in the museum, when the same Time Machine appears, this time containing a Rabbid with a duck ring. After the Rabbids fight for the duck ring, the player and the Rabbid get warped to the past, in which the player once again teams up with the Rabbid to get back to the Present while making mess of history again. The game's ending shows the Rabbid the player teamed up with finding a refrigerator, in which the Rabbid attempts to use it as a Time Machine, but heonly put some stuff on himself, and is zapped by a lighting spark, and the credits roll. Setting The setting is a history museum. From there, the Rabbids can play quiz, singing, and dancing games. They can also customize their Rabbids with historical costumes. The Rabbids can also go into museum's main areas: the Bouncearium, Shootarium, Flyarium, Runarium and Hookarium; to ruin history with their Time Washing Machine. Gameplay Gameplay revolves around several minigames for up to four players (with computer AI controlling unused players) set during various segments of time. Some levels feature co-operative play, such as a levelwhere two players are tethered by toilet paper. Ubisoft has stated this game intends to be 'waggle-free', and rather than having players shake the controller as hard as they can, the designers hoped to create mini-games with more depth. Each minigame is set in one of five different sections of a history museum: the Bouncearium, involving maneuvering the Rabbids through side-scrolling platformer minigames; the Shootarium, using first-person shooting style minigames; the Flyarium, allowing Rabbids to fly and compete against one another in races and scavenger hunts; the Runarium, which has two teams race or collect items; and the Hookarium, which1929 American Old West in 1861 Cave Painting in 32, 000 BC Cambridge in 1761 Hookarium Jurassic Period in 400, 000, 000 BC Paris in 1885 Stone Wheel in 3000 BC Nintendo 3DS version A Nintendo 3DS version of this game was released as a platform game in 2011. This version is titled as Rabbids: Travel in Time 3D in North America, and simply Rabbids 3D in Europe. It has only 4 historical periods containing 60 maps. The player must progress in bonus-filled levels, fight some enemies and do jumps or slippery slopes for dynamic action. The advantage of 3Din Rabbids 3D is to provide an immediate gaming pleasure without complication or innovation. There are many checkpoints, and lives and energy points (rolls of toilet paper, spheres of force) are generously distributed, so the player is never discouraged by the difficulties present in the game. The title was later re-released in a compilation pack called Rayman & Rabbids Family Pack, alongside Rayman Origins and Rabbids Rumble. The pack was released exclusively in Europe on October 2, 2014. In return, the game received mixed to negative reviews, with the criticism focused in the lack of originality, low difficulty and repetitiveaction. Plot Taking place after the events of the Wii version of Raving Rabbids Travel In Time, the Rabbids are playing in the museum, when the same Time Machine appears, this time containing a Rabbid with a duck ring. After the Rabbids fight for the duck ring, the player and the Rabbid get warped to the past, in which the player once again teams up with the Rabbid to get back to the Present while making mess of history again. The game's ending shows the Rabbid the player teamed up with finding a refrigerator, in which the Rabbid attempts touse it as a Time Machine, but he only put some stuff on himself, and is zapped by a lighting spark, and the credits roll. Reception Raving Rabbids: Travel in Time was met with mixed reviews. Nintendo Power gave the game a 6.5, while VideoGamer gave it a score of 8/10. Official Nintendo Magazine criticized the game, giving it a 40/100. IGN reviewed the game, praising the graphics and the museum hub included, and gave the game a 7/10. Other websites, such as Nintendo Life and GameStyle, gave it the same score as well. TheBitBlock.com was more positive, giving thegame 8/10, praising the inclusion of online play, graphics, and multiplayer, but criticized the disappointing use of WiiMotionPlus, the shooting games, and the historical theme of the game. TheBitBlock.com called it "a party game that offers up content that you've never seen before in the party genre." The game was not well received by fans and was criticized for the return to the party roots. References External links Official Global website Category:2010 video games Category:Nintendo 3DS games Category:Nintendo 3DS eShop games Category:Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection games Category:Party video games Category:Platform games Category:Raving Rabbids Category:Video games about time travel Category:Ubisoft games Category:Video
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Raving Rabbids: Travel in Time", {"description":'2010 video game'}], ["Video game", {}], ["Wii", {}], ["Rabbids", {}], ["Ubisoft", {}], ["Platform game", {}]]
Relations:[["Raving Rabbids: Travel in Time", "instance of", "Video game"], ["Raving Rabbids: Travel in Time", "platform", "Wii"], ["Raving Rabbids: Travel in Time", "part of the series", "Rabbids"], ["Raving Rabbids: Travel in Time", "publisher", "Ubisoft"], ["Raving Rabbids: Travel in Time", "genre", "Platform game"]] |
### User:
Andries Beeckman (baptized 31 August 1628, Hasselt - buried 9 August 1664, Amsterdam) was a Dutch painter of the 17th century. He is especially famous for his paintings of Southeast Asia and Batavia c. 1660. In 1657 he was known as Andries Beeckman from Zutphen and is last mentioned as finishing two paintings in Amsterdam in 1663. An Andries Beeckman was buried on August 9, 1664 in the Nieuwe Kerk (Amsterdam) See also History of Jakarta Publication Menno Jonker, Erlend de Groot en Caroline de Hart, Van velerlei pluimage. Zeventiende-eeuwse waterverftekeningen van Andries Beeckman. Nijmegen, Uitgeverij Van Tilt, 2014. Notes
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Andries Beeckman", {"description":'Dutch painter (1628-1664)', "alias":['A. Beeckman']}], ["Painter", {}], ["1664", {}], ["Zutphen", {}], ["1628", {}], ["Amsterdam", {}], ["Beeckman", {}]]
Relations:[["Andries Beeckman", "occupation", "Painter"], ["Andries Beeckman", "date of death", "1664"], ["Andries Beeckman", "place of birth", "Zutphen"], ["Andries Beeckman", "date of birth", "1628"], ["Andries Beeckman", "place of death", "Amsterdam"], ["Andries Beeckman", "family name", "Beeckman"]] |
### User:
Emergency medical services in Australia are provided by state ambulance services, which are a division of each state or territorial government, and by St John Ambulance in both Western Australia and the Northern Territory. Organisation Land ambulance Ambulance service within Australia can be divided into two basic groups; the statutory services and also volunteer groups. In all Australian states, with the exception of Western Australia, and in the Northern Territory, statutory ambulance services are provided by the state/territorial government, as a single-entity, third-service model, government department. In Western Australia, and in the Northern Territory, all statutory ambulance service is providedby St John Ambulance Australia, under contract to the state/territorial government. In all other states and territories, the activities of St John Ambulance are limited to first aid training and special events support, with the occasional disaster response. In all states with the exception of Queensland and Tasmania, users who are not on welfare benefits are billed directly for their usage of an ambulance. In addition, while not strictly ambulance services, some jurisdictions also have private companies offering medical transportation services on a fee-for-service basis. Ambulance services in Australia operate on the Anglo-American (as opposed to the Franco-German) EMS servicedelivery model. Air ambulance Air ambulance service is accomplished in Australia by means of a variety of arrangements and providers. In New South Wales rescue helicopters are split into two districts with Westpac Rescue Helicopter Service and Toll Air Ambulance servicing the entire state. The Sydney-based Westpac Rescue Helicopter is solely used for search and rescue taskings. Some states, such as Queensland share air ambulance resources with other public agencies; in the case of Queensland, air ambulance services are primarily provided by Emergency Management Queensland (EMQ Helicopter Rescue) and a mixture of other providers such as RACQ CareFlight, RACQ CQRescue, RACQ Capricorn Helicopter Rescue, RACQ NQ Rescue and AGL Action Rescue Helicopter may fill service gaps. In other states, such as South Australia a mix of service providers, including other emergency services such as the police, continue to operate but medical crews are provided by MedStar, a government entity which provide doctors, nurses and flight paramedics to MAC Rescue (Helicopter) and RFDS (Fixed Wing). While helicopters provide good service in coastal areas with high population density, in the more sparsely settled interior, distances can be vast, and fixed-wing aircraft are the preferred mode of transport. In these cases, thestatutory ambulance services often operate the aircraft, in cooperation with Australia's Royal Flying Doctor Service. First responders There are a number of different first responders in Australia that supplement ambulance services. First responders provide a rapid response to the scene but do not transport patients. Many metropolitan ambulance services have single paramedics in vehicles and on motorcycles. In Melbourne and Sydney, Hatzolah provides first responders to the Jewish Community. Since 1998 in Melbourne, the Metropolitan Fire Service respond to suspected cardiac or respiratory arrest medical emergencies. In rural South Australia some towns have Community Emergency Response Teams such as Portsimilar program utilising Fire and Rescue NSW but has faced strong opposition from the Fire Brigade Employees Union. Standards Training and staffing Ambulance services in Australia use, for the most part, well educated professional staff, supplemented in low volume rural areas by volunteers. The level of training for volunteers is considered to be a high level of skill at advanced first aid. Paid staff fall into two categories; Transport Officers and Paramedics. Transport Officers complete certificate level training, and are normally only used for the non-emergency interfacility transportation of patients. Anyone employed on an emergency ambulance must be trained asa paramedic. There are several levels of paramedics in Australia. The term ‘paramedic’ is now legally protected in Australia; with paramedics requiring registration with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) starting 1 October 2018. The preferred level of entry into practice for new paramedics is a multi-year, Bachelor's degree program in either Emergency Health, Paramedicine or Clinical Practice (Paramedic), including classroom lectures, clinical practice, and internship components. The intent is to make this qualification the only path of entry into the field but so far only the states of Victoria and Tasmania have phased out all other methods ofentry. Ambulance services in South Australia and Queensland now draw the majority of their paramedics from degree programs and continue to use the older-style, internal diploma programs only to fill service gaps and shortages in forecasted requirements . These older programs continue to be necessary to ensure ambulance services are able to directly train additional staff to fill shortages and as the numbers of degree graduate paramedics being produced by the university system are insufficient to meet ambulance services’ requirements for new employees. NSW Ambulance is transitioning to tertiary entrance but this process will be phased in over several yearsand may be achieved by 2020. Training as a Mobile Intensive Care Ambulance Paramedic in Victoria, and equivalent Intensive Care Paramedic programs in other states involves the completion of a post-graduate certificate program. The program, which typically takes an additional year to complete, involves theory, clinical and supervised practice components. Graduates possess an expanded skill set which may include intubation, Rapid Sequence Intubation (RSI), additional drugs, and in some cases, certification of death. Those certified as MICA-Paramedics in Victoria function on protocols, working independently and with minimal medical supervision. Vehicles Ambulance services in Australia provide emergency medical services by meansBrigade. There is no national standard for the design of conventional ambulances in Australia. All ambulance services have their vehicles built to their own internal specifications. That being said, the ambulances are roughly similar from one state to another, and all generally comply with the European Standard CEN 1789 as published by the European Committee for Standards, apart from the visual identity provisions. This compliance is, however, incidental. Dispatch Ambulances and paramedics in Australia are centrally dispatched. Australia's national emergency number is 000. This number rings at the Telstra Global Operations Centre, where an operator determines the caller's needs and
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Emergency medical services in Australia", {"description":'overview of emergency medical services in Australia'}], ["Australia", {}]]
Relations:[["Emergency medical services in Australia", "country", "Australia"]] |
### User:
Coihueco () is a Chilean commune and city in Punilla Province, Ñuble Region. It is located near Chillán, the provincial capital. Coihueco borders San Carlos and San Fabián on the north, Argentina on the east, Pinto on the South, and Chillán on the west. Demographics According to the 2002 census of the National Statistics Institute, Coihueco spans an area of and has 23,583 inhabitants (12,211 men and 11,372 women). Of these, 7,230 (30.7%) lived in urban areas and 16,353 (69.3%) in rural areas. The population grew by 4.4% (998 persons) between the 1992 and 2002 censuses. Administration As a commune,Coihueco is a third-level administrative division of Chile administered by a municipal council, headed by an alcalde who is directly elected every four years. The 2008-2012 alcalde is Arnoldo Manuel Jiménez Venegas (PPD). Within the electoral divisions of Chile, Coihueco is represented in the Chamber of Deputies by Carlos Abel Jarpa (PRSD) and Rosauro Martínez (RN) as part of the 41st electoral district, (together with Chillán, Pinto, San Ignacio, El Carmen, Pemuco, Yungay and Chillán Viejo). The commune is represented in the Senate by Victor Pérez Varela (UDI) and Mariano Ruiz -Esquide Jara (PDC) as part of the 13th senatorial
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Coihueco", {"description":'Chilean commune'}], ["Punilla Province", {}], ["Chile", {}]]
Relations:[["Coihueco", "located in the administrative territorial entity", "Punilla Province"], ["Coihueco", "country", "Chile"]] |
### User:
John Joseph Lydon (born 31 January 1956), also known by his stage name Johnny Rotten, is an English singer, songwriter and musician. He is best known as the lead singer of the late-1970s British punk band the Sex Pistols, which lasted from 1975 until 1978, and again for various revivals during the 1990s and 2000s. He is also the lead singer of post-punk band Public Image Ltd (PiL), which he founded and fronted from 1978 until 1993, and again since 2009. Lydon's outspoken persona, rebellious image and fashion style led to his being asked to become the singer of theSex Pistols by their manager, Malcolm McLaren. With the Sex Pistols, he penned singles including "Anarchy in the U.K.," "God Save the Queen", "Pretty Vacant" and "Holidays in the Sun", the content of which precipitated what one commentator described as the "last and greatest outbreak of pop-based moral pandemonium" in Britain. The band scandalised much of the media, and Lydon was seen as a figurehead of the burgeoning punk movement. Because of their controversial lyrics and disrepute at the time, they are regarded as one of the most influential acts in the history of popular music. After the Sex Pistolsdisbanded in 1978, Lydon founded his own band, Public Image Ltd, which was far more experimental in nature and described in a 2005 NME review as "arguably the first post-rock group." The band produced eight albums and a string of singles, including "Public Image", "Death Disco", and "Rise", before they went on hiatus in 1993, reforming in 2009. In subsequent years, Lydon has hosted television shows in the UK, US, and Belgium, appeared on I'm a Celebrity ... Get Me Out of Here! in the UK, appeared in advertisements on UK television promoting Dairy Crest, a brand of British butter,written two autobiographies, and produced some solo musical work, such as the album Psycho's Path (1997). In 2005, he released a compilation album, The Best of British £1 Notes. In 2015, there was a revival of a 1980s movement to have Lydon knighted for his achievements with the Sex Pistols, even though he has declined efforts to award him an MBE for his services to music. Q magazine remarked that "somehow he's assumed the status of national treasure". In 2002, he was named among the 100 Greatest Britons following a UK-wide vote. Career Early life: 1956–1974 John Joseph Lydon wasborn in London on 31 January 1956. His parents, Eileen Lydia (née Barry) (died 1978) and John Christopher Lydon, were working-class emigrants from Ireland who moved into a two-room Victorian flat in Benwell Road, in the Holloway area of north London. The flat is adjacent to the Highbury Stadium, the former home of Premier League football club Arsenal F.C. of which Lydon has been an avid fan since the age of four. At the time, the area was largely impoverished, with a high crime rate and a population consisting predominantly of working-class Irish and Jamaican people. Lydon spent summer holidaysin his mother's native County Cork, where he suffered name-calling for having an English accent, a prejudice he claims he still receives today even though he travels under an Irish passport. Lydon, the eldest of four brothers, had to look after his siblings due to his mother's regular illnesses. As a child, he lived on the edge of an industrial estate and would often play with friends in the factories when they were closed. He belonged to a local gang of neighbourhood children and would often end up in fights with other groups, something he would later look back onall day long." At the age of seven, Lydon contracted spinal meningitis and spent a year in St Ann's Hospital in Haringey, London. Throughout the entire experience, he suffered from hallucinations, nausea, headaches, periods of coma, and a severe memory loss that lasted for four years, whilst the treatments administered by the nurses involved drawing fluid out of his spine with a surgical needle, leaving him with a permanent spinal curvature. The meningitis was responsible for giving him what he would later describe as the "Lydon stare"; this experience was "the first step that put me on the road toRotten". With his father often away, employed variously on building sites or oil rigs, Lydon got his first job aged ten as a minicab dispatcher, something he kept up for a year while the family was in financial difficulty. He disliked his secondary school, the St William of York Roman Catholic School in Islington, where initially he was bullied, but at fourteen or fifteen he "broke out of the mould" and began to fight back at what he saw as the oppressive nature of the school teachers, who he felt instigated and encouraged the children to all be the sameand be "anti-anyone-who-doesn't-quite-fit-the-mould." Following the completion of his O-levels at school, he got into a row with his father, who disliked Lydon's long hair, and so, agreeing to get it cut, the teenager not only had it cut, but in an act of rebellion, he dyed it bright green. As a teenager he listened to rock bands like Hawkwind, Captain Beefheart, Alice Cooper and the Stooges – bands his mother also used to like, which somewhat embarrassed him – as well as more mainstream acts such as T. Rex and Gary Glitter. Lydon was kicked out of school at agefifteen after a run-in with a teacher, and went on to attend Hackney College, where he befriended John Simon Ritchie, and Kingsway Princeton College. Lydon gave Ritchie the nickname "Sid Vicious", after his parents' pet hamster. Lydon and Vicious began squatting in a house in the Hampstead area with a group of ageing hippies and stopped bothering to go to college, which was often far away from where they were living. Meanwhile, he began working on building sites during the summer, assisted by his father. Friends recommended him for a job at a children's play centre in Finsbury Park, teachingwoodwork to some of the older children, but he was sacked when parents complained that somebody "weird" with bright-green hair was teaching their children. Lydon and his friends, including Vicious, John Gray, Jah Wobble, Dave Crowe and Tony Purcell, began going to many of the London clubs, such as the Lacy Lady in Seven Kings, and frequented both reggae and gay clubs, enjoying the latter because "you could be yourself, nobody bothered you" there. 1975–1978: Sex Pistols and the punk movement In 1975, Lydon was among a group of youths who regularly hung around Malcolm McLaren and Vivienne Westwood's fetishclothing shop SEX. McLaren had returned from a brief stint travelling with American protopunk band the New York Dolls, and he was working on promoting a new band formed by Steve Jones, Glen Matlock and Paul Cook called the Sex Pistols. McLaren was impressed with Lydon's ragged look and unique sense of style, particularly his orange hair and modified Pink Floyd T-shirt (with the band members' eyes scratched out and the words I Hate scrawled in felt-tip pen above the band's logo). After tunelessly singing Alice Cooper's "I'm Eighteen" to the accompaniment of the shop's jukebox, Lydon was chosen asthe band's frontman. In 1977, the band released "God Save the Queen" during the week of Queen Elizabeth II's Silver Jubilee. At the time, August 1977, Lydon commented: "Turn the other cheek too often and you get a razor through it." Lydon was interested in dub music. McLaren was said to have been upset when Lydon revealed during a radio interview that his influences included progressive experimentalists like Magma, Can, Captain Beefheart and Van der Graaf Generator. Tensions between Lydon and bassist Glen Matlock arose. The reasons for this are disputed, but Lydon claimed in his autobiography that he believedMatlock to be too white-collar and middle-class and that Matlock was "always going on about nice things like the Beatles". Matlock stated in his own autobiography that most of the tension in the band, and between himself and Lydon, was orchestrated by McLaren. Matlock quit and as a replacement, Lydon recommended his school friend John Simon Ritchie, who used the stage name Sid Vicious. Although Ritchie was an incompetent bassist, McLaren agreed that he had the look the band wanted: pale, emaciated, spike-haired, with ripped clothes and a perpetual sneer. In 1977, the Sex Pistols released their only and highlyinfluential studio album Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols. Vicious' chaotic relationship with girlfriend Nancy Spungen, and his worsening heroin addiction, caused a great deal of friction among the band members, particularly with Lydon, whose sarcastic remarks often exacerbated the situation. Lydon closed the final Sid Vicious-era Sex Pistols concert in San Francisco's Winterland in January 1978 with a rhetorical question to the audience: "Ever get the feeling you've been cheated?" Shortly thereafter, McLaren, Jones, and Cook went to Brazil to meet and record with former train robber Ronnie Biggs. Lydon declined to go, deriding the concept asa whole and feeling that they were attempting to make a hero out of a criminal who attacked a train driver and stole "working-class money". The Sex Pistols' disintegration was documented in Julian Temple's satirical pseudo-biographical film, The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle, in which Jones, Cook and Vicious each played a character. Matlock only appeared in previously recorded live footage and as an animation and did not participate personally. Lydon refused to have anything to do with it, feeling that McLaren had far too much control over the project. Although Lydon was highly critical of the film, many yearslater he agreed to let Temple direct the Sex Pistols documentary The Filth and the Fury. That film included new interviews with the band members' faces hidden in silhouette. It featured an uncharacteristically emotional Lydon choking up as he discussed Vicious' decline and death. Lydon denounced previous journalistic works regarding the Sex Pistols in the introduction to his autobiography, Rotten – No Irish, No Blacks, No Dogs, which he described as "as close to the truth as one can get". 1978–1993: Public Image Ltd (PiL) In 1978, Lydon formed the post-punk outfit Public Image Ltd (PiL). The first lineup ofthe band included bassist Jah Wobble and former The Clash guitarist Keith Levene. They released the albums Public Image: First Issue (1978), Metal Box (1979) and the live album Paris au Printemps (1980). Wobble left and Lydon and Levene made The Flowers of Romance (1981). It followed by This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get (1984) featuring Martin Atkins on drums (he had also appeared on Metal Box and The Flowers of Romance); it featured their biggest hit, "This Is Not a Love Song", which hit No. 5 in the UK Singles Chart in 1983. In 1983,Lydon co-starred with Harvey Keitel in the film Copkiller, also released as 'Corrupt and The Order of Death. He had a small role in the 2000 film The Independent. In 1984, Lydon worked with Time Zone on their single "World Destruction". A collaboration between Lydon, Afrika Bambaataa and producer/bassist Bill Laswell, the single was an early example of "rap rock", along with Run-DMC. The song appears on Afrika Bambaataa's 1997 compilation album Zulu Groove. It was arranged by Laswell after Lydon and Bambaataa had acknowledged respect for each other's work, as described in an interview from 1984: The single featuredBernie Worrell, Nicky Skopelitis and Aïyb Dieng, all of whom would later play on PiL's Album; Laswell played bass and produced. In 1986, Public Image Ltd released Album (also known as Compact Disc and Cassette depending on the format). Most of the tracks on this album were written by Lydon and Bill Laswell. The musicians were session musicians including bassist Jonas Hellborg, guitarist Steve Vai and Cream drummer Ginger Baker. In 1987, a new lineup was formed consisting of Lydon, former Siouxsie and the Banshees guitarist John McGeoch, Allan Dias on bass guitar in addition to drummer Bruce Smith andLu Edmunds. This lineup released Happy? and all except Lu Edmunds released the album 9 in 1989. In 1992, Lydon, Dias and McGeoch were joined by Curt Bisquera on drums and Gregg Arreguin on rhythm guitar for the album That What Is Not. This album also features the Tower of Power horns on two songs and Jimmie Wood on harmonica. Lydon, McGeoch and Dias wrote the song "Criminal" for the film Point Break. After this album, in 1993, Lydon put PiL on indefinite hiatus. 1993–2006: Solo album, autobiography and celebrity status In 1993, Lydon's first autobiography, Rotten: No Irish, NoBlacks, No Dogs, was published. Aided by Keith and Kent Zimmerman, and featuring contributions from figures including Paul Cook, Chrissie Hynde, Billy Idol and Don Letts, the work covered his life up until the collapse of the Sex Pistols. Describing the book, he stated that it "is as close to the truth as one can get, looking back on events from the inside. All the people in this book were actually there, and this book is as much their point of view as it is mine. This means contradictions and insults have not been edited, and neither have the compliments,if any. I have no time for lies or fantasy, and neither should you. Enjoy or die." In December 2005, Lydon told Q that he was working on a second autobiography to cover the PiL years. In the mid-1990s, Lydon hosted Rotten Day, a daily syndicated US radio feature written by George Gimarc. The format of the show was a look back at events in popular music and culture occurring on the particular broadcast calendar date about which Lydon would offer cynical commentary. The show was originally developed as a radio vehicle for Gimarc's book, Punk Diary 1970–79, but afterbringing Lydon onboard it was expanded to cover notable events from most of the second half of the 20th century. In 1997 Lydon released a solo album on Virgin Records called Psycho's Path. He wrote all the songs and played all the instruments. In one song, "Sun", he sang the vocals through a toilet roll. The US version included a Chemical Brothers remix of the song "Open Up" by Leftfield with vocals by Lydon. It was a club hit in the US and a big hit in the UK. Lydon has recorded a second solo-album but it has not beenreleased, except for one song that appeared on The Best of British £1 Notes. In November 1997, Lydon appeared on Judge Judy fighting a suit filed by his former tour drummer Robert Williams for breach of contract, assault and battery. In January 2004, Lydon appeared on the British reality television programme I'm a Celebrity ... Get Me Out of Here!, which took place in Australia. He proved he still had the capability to shock by calling the show's viewers "fucking cunts" during a live broadcast. The television regulator and ITV, the channel broadcasting the show, between them received only 91complaints about Lydon's language. In a February 2004 interview with the Scottish Sunday Mirror, Lydon said that he and his wife "should be dead", since on 21 December 1988, thanks to delays caused by his wife's packing, they missed the Pan Am Flight 103 that crashed in Lockerbie, Scotland. After I'm a Celebrity ... , he presented a documentary about insects and spiders called John Lydon's Megabugs that was shown on the Discovery Channel. Radio Times described him as "more an enthusiast than an expert". He went to present two further programmes: John Lydon Goes Ape, in which he searchedfor gorillas in Central Africa, and John Lydon's Shark Attack, in which he swam with sharks off South Africa. In late 2008 Lydon appeared in an advertising campaign for "Country Life", a brand of butter, on British television. Lydon defended the move by stating that the main reason he accepted the offer was to raise money to reform Public Image Ltd without a record deal. The advertising campaign proved to be highly successful, with sales of the brand raising 85% in the quarter following, which many in the media attributed to Lydon's presence in the advert. 2006–2009: Potential Sex Pistolsrevival Although Lydon spent years denying that the Sex Pistols would ever perform together again, the band re-united (with Matlock returning on bass) in the 1990s, and continues to perform occasionally. In 2002, the year of Queen Elizabeth's Golden Jubilee, the Sex Pistols reformed again to play the Crystal Palace National Sports Centre in London. In 2003, their Piss Off Tour took them around North America for three weeks. Further performances took place in Europe in 2007-08. In 2006, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducted the Sex Pistols, but the band refused to attend the ceremony or acknowledgethe induction, complaining that they had been asked for large sums of money to attend. 2009 to present: Public Image Limited reformation In September 2009 it was announced that PiL would reform, including earlier members Bruce Smith and Lu Edmonds, for a number of Christmas concerts in the UK. Lydon financed the reunion using money he earned doing a UK television commercial for Country Life butter. Lydon commented "The money that I earned from that has now gone completely — lock stock and barrel — into reforming PiL". In August 2010, Lydon played with Public Image Ltd in Tel Aviv,Israel despite protests. Lydon was criticized for a statement to newspaper The Independent: "I really resent the presumption that I'm going there to play to right-wing Nazi Jews. If Elvis-fucking-Costello wants to pull out of a gig in Israel because he's suddenly got this compassion for Palestinians, then good on him. But I have absolutely one rule, right? Until I see an Arab country, a Muslim country, with a democracy, I won't understand how anyone can have a problem with how they're treated." In October 2013, Lydon clarified in an interview. During an April 2013 tour of Australia, Lydon wasinvolved in a television interview for The Project that resulted in a publicised controversy, as he was labelled "a flat out, sexist, misogynist pig" by one of the panellists on the Australian programme. The altercation occurred with host Carrie Bickmore, and the description was provided by panellist Andrew Rochford after the interview was prematurely terminated by Bickmore's colleague Dave Hughes. Lydon conducted the interview from Brisbane while on PiL's first tour of Australia in twenty years — first announced in December 2012 — during which concerts were held in the capital cities of Sydney and Melbourne. Lydon was cast toplay the role of King Herod for the North American arena tour of Andrew Lloyd Webber's rock opera Jesus Christ Superstar. He was to play the role starting 9 June through 17 August, and be joined by Ben Forster as Jesus, Brandon Boyd of rock band Incubus as Judas Iscariot, Destiny's Child singer Michelle Williams as Mary Magdalene, and former 'N Sync singer JC Chasez as Pontius Pilate. On 31 May 2014, the producers announced that the tour of the production was cancelled, because of poor advance ticket sales. A compilation of Lydon's lyrics, Mr. Rotten's Songbook, was published in2017. The limited-edition book includes the words to every song he wrote during his entire career, punctuated by his own original sketches and cartoons. Origin of stage name Lydon explained the origin of his stage name, Johnny Rotten, in a Daily Telegraph feature interview in 2007: he was given the name in the mid-1970s, when his lack of oral hygiene led to his teeth turning green. One version says the name came from the Sex Pistols' guitarist Steve Jones, who saw Lydon's teeth and exclaimed, "You're rotten, you are!" Dutch songwriter and translator Jan Rot has been telling an alternativeorigin story. He claims that he met Lydon at the Marquee Club in the mid-1970s: "We struck up a conversation. He told me his name was John, so I explained that my name, literally translated to English, was John Rotten. That kid, John Lydon, who later became the lead singer of The Sex Pistols, thought that was very funny. 'That is a great fucking name' he said." In 2008, Lydon had extensive dental work performed in Los Angeles, at a reported cost of US$22,000. He explained that it was not done out of vanity: "It was necessity ... all thoserotten teeth were seriously beginning to corrupt my system". Personal life Lydon married Nora Forster, a publishing heiress from Germany, in 1979. He was the stepfather of Forster's daughter Ari Up, who had been the lead singer in the post-punk band The Slits until her death in 2010. In 2000, Lydon and Nora became legal guardians of Ari's twin teenaged boys; as Lydon explained "[Ari] let them run free. They couldn't read, write or form proper sentences. One day Ari said she couldn't cope with them any more. I suggested they came to us because I wasn't having them abandoned.They gave us hell, but I loved having kids around." In 2010, they became guardians of Ari's third child, Wilton. Lydon and Forster primarily live in Venice, California where they have resided since the early 1980s, but keep a residence in London. In 2018, Lydon revealed that Forster was in the mid-stages of Alzheimer's Disease. Lydon became an American citizen in 2013, in addition to his British and Irish citizenships. He later spoke of how he would never have considered becoming a U.S. citizen during the "Bush years" because of the "horrible" way America presented itself abroad, but the Obamapresidency had changed his mind, in particular because "America has the potential to be a nation that actually cares for its afflicted and wounded and ill and disenfranchised" as a result of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ("Obamacare"). Lydon's parents raised their sons as Roman Catholics and Lydon calls himself a Catholic. He has stated that he "never had any godlike epiphanies or thought that God had anything to do with this dismal occurrence called life". On the liner notes of Public Image Ltd's single, "Cruel", Lydon included, "Where is God? I see no evidence of God. Godis probably Barry Manilow." Lydon has been a fan of Oscar Wilde since he studied his works at school, when he came to the conclusion that "his stuff was fucking brilliant. What an attitude to life!...he turned out to be the biggest poof on earth at a time when that was completely unacceptable. What a genius." Lydon is a visual artist. His drawings, paintings and other related works have featured prominently in the works of PiL and his solo career throughout the years, the most recent example being the cover to This is PiL. Since 2013, Lydon has held British,Irish and American citizenship. In 2014 he admitted to spending £10,000 on iPad games. Political and social criticism United Kingdom's class structure Since his rise to public attention, Lydon has remained an outspoken critic of much in British politics and society. He comes from an emigrant working class background and is opposed to the class system, describing how private schools "tend to turn out little snobs. They're taught a sense of superiority, which is the kiss of death ... They're absolutely screwed up for life." He is critical of the upper class, stating that they "parasite off the population astheir friends help them along" but he equally criticises the working class, claiming that "We're lazy, good-for-nothing bastards, absolute cop-outs [who] never accept responsibility for our own lives and that's why we'll always be downtrodden." He opposes all forms of segregation in schools, not only through the private and state school division but also with single-sex schools; "It doesn't make sense. It's a much better environment with girls in the class. You learn a lot more, as diversity makes things more interesting." The Troubles, 1969–1994 Lydon criticised the paramilitary organisations involved in The Troubles in Northern Ireland, remarking that theProvisional Irish Republican Army and the Ulster Defence Association were "like two mafia gangs punching each other out ... They both run their extortion rackets and plague people to no end." He remarked that "The Northern Ireland problem is a terrible thing, and it's only the ignorance of the people living outside of it that keeps it going" but that ultimately the British government's exploitative attitude to the problem was in his opinion the main cause. Anarchism Despite the fact that he wrote and sang "Anarchy in the U.K." with the Sex Pistols, Lydon said that he was not ananarchist, calling it "mind games for the middle-class". Banking and the 2008 global financial crisis Appearing on the BBC's Question Time on 5 July 2012, Lydon questioned the notion of a parliamentary inquiry into the banking industry, saying "How on earth is Parliament going to discuss this really when both sides, left and right, are connected to this? This doesn't just go back to Brown, this is part of the ongoing problem. Mr Diamond comes from Wall Street ... hello. Both parties love this idea. They are fiddling with rates. They are affecting the world and everything we used tocount on as being dependable and accurate is being discussed by these argumentative chaps. If I nick a motor I'm going to be up before the judge, the rozzers. Hello, same thing." Institutions of the United Kingdom On the same episode of Question Time, Lydon was critical of the announcement that the British Army was to be reduced in size, saying: "One of the most beautiful things about Britain, apart from the [National Health Service] and the free education, is the British Army." He has been a supporter of the NHS since receiving treatment for meningitis aged 7, stating in2014: "I want national health and education to always be of the highest agenda and I do not mind paying tax for that." Pacifism Lydon describes himself as a "pacifist by nature" and expresses admiration for Mahatma Gandhi. Gay marriage Lydon expressed his objection to gay couples raising children in a 10 February 2005 interview on the BBC's Sunday morning religious show, The Heaven and Earth Show. Lydon said, "I don't like the idea of one-parent families. It's very tough on the kids. They grow up missing something. I find the same with same-sex marriages; there is something missing. Thereis a point to male and female—and for a child to develop, it needs both those aspects." Jimmy Savile abuse scandal In a 1978 interview broadcast on BBC Radio 1, Lydon alluded to the sexual abuses committed by Jimmy Savile, as well as the suppression of negative information about Savile by mainstream social forces, many decades in advance of it becoming a public scandal. Lydon stated: "I'd like to kill Jimmy Savile; I think he's a hypocrite. I bet he's into all kinds of seediness that we all know about, but are not allowed to talk about. I know somerumours." He added: "I bet none of this will be allowed out." After the interviewer suggested libel might be an issue, Lydon replied, "Nothing I've said is libel." The UK and the European Union Lydon publicly supported the United Kingdom remaining in the European Union during the referendum on EU membership in June 2016, stating that being outside of the European Union would be "insane and suicidal" for the United Kingdom, "We're never going to go back to that romantic delusion of Victorian isolation, it isn't going to happen. There'll be no industry, there'll be no trade, there'll be nothing– a slow dismal, collapse. It's ludicrous." During an interview on Good Morning Britain in March 2017, Lydon stated that he supported Brexit: "Well, here it goes, the working-class have spoke and I'm one of them and I'm with them." Lydon described Brexit advocate Nigel Farage as "fantastic" and that he wanted to shake his hand after his altercation on the River Thames with anti-Brexit campaigner Bob Geldof. American politics Lydon became a U.S. citizen in 2013 because he "believed in Barack Obama" and his health care reform, on which he states, "his healthcare thing didn't quite work out whatwe all want, but there is a great potential there. Now we're looking at dismantling and, you know, [a] crazy loony monster party." Before his election, Lydon said in response to questions about Donald Trump's prospects for being elected President of the United States: "No, I can't see it happening, it's a minority that support him at best, and it's so hateful and ignorant." In 2017, though, he said "I'm up for anyone shaking up the jaded world of politicians". During a Good Morning Britain interview in March 2017, Lydon described Trump as a "complicated fellow" who "terrifies politicians". Lydonsaid that there were "many, many problems with (Trump) as a human being" but defended him against accusations of racism: "What I dislike is the left-wing media in America are trying to smear the bloke as a racist and that's completely not true." He elaborated to NPR: "He's a total cat amongst the pigeons ... [He's] got everybody now involving themselves in a political way. And I've been struggling for years to get people to wake up and do that." Books Lydon, John (1993). Rotten: No Irish, No Blacks, No Dogs. Hodder & Stoughton With Andrew Bolton. Punk: Chaos toCouture Yale University Press Lydon, John (2014). Anger Is an Energy: My Life Uncensored. Simon & Schuster Discography All chart positions are UK. Sex Pistols Studio albums Never Mind the Bollocks, Here's the Sex Pistols (Virgin, 1977) No. 1 Compilations and live albums The Great Rock 'n' Roll Swindle (Virgin, 1979) Some Product: Carri on Sex Pistols (Virgin, 1979) Flogging a Dead Horse (Virgin,1980) Kiss This (Virgin, 1992) Never Mind the Bollocks / Spunk (aka This is Crap) (Virgin, 1996) Filthy Lucre Live (Virgin, 1996) The Filth and the Fury (Virgin, 2000) Jubilee (Virgin, 2002) Sex Pistols Box Set (Virgin,2002) Singles "Anarchy in the UK" – 1976 No. 38 "God Save the Queen" – 1977 No. 2 "Pretty Vacant" – 1977 No. 6 "Holidays in the Sun" – 1977 No. 8 "(I'm Not Your) Stepping Stone" – 1980 No. 21 "Anarchy in the UK" (re-issue) – 1992 No. 33 "Pretty Vacant" (live) – 1996 No. 18 "God Save the Queen" (re-issue) – 2002 No. 15 Public Image Ltd Studio albums Public Image: First Issue (Virgin, 1978), No. 22 Metal Box (a.k.a. Second Edition) (Virgin, 1979) #18, US No. 171 The Flowers of Romance (Virgin, 1981) #11, US No. 11460 "Flowers of Romance" – 1981 No. 24 "This Is Not a Love Song" – 1983 No. 5 "Bad Life" – 1984 No. 71 "Rise" – 1986 No. 11 "Home" – 1986 No. 75 "Seattle" – 1987 No. 47 "The Body" – 1987 No. 100 "Disappointed" – 1989 No. 38 "Don't Ask Me" – 1990 No. 22 "Cruel" – 1992 No. 49 "One Drop" – 2012 "Out of the Woods"/"Reggie Song" - 2012 "Double Trouble" – 2015 Time Zone Singles "World Destruction" – 1984 Solo Studio albums Psycho's Path (Virgin, 1997) Compilations The Best of British £1 Notes'' (Lydon, PiL& Sex Pistols) (Virgin/EMI, 2005)Singles' "Open Up" (with Leftfield) – 1993 – No. 11 "Sun" – 1997 – No. 42 Filmography References External links John Lydon discography on Discogs Johnny Rotten on The Hour Interview in Hard Times, 1984 Category:1956 births Category:20th-century English painters Category:English male painters Category:21st-century English painters Category:British alternative rock musicians Category:English lyricists Category:English male film actors Category:English male singers Category:English punk rock singers Category:English people of Irish descent Category:English singer-songwriters Category:English television personalities Category:Living people Category:Male actors from London Category:Musicians from London Category:NME Awards winners Category:People from Finsbury Park Category:People from Holloway, London Category:People from Venice,
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["John Lydon", {"description":'English musician', "alias":['Johnny Rotten', 'John Joseph Lydon']}], ["Singer", {}], ["Sex Pistols", {}], ["Public Image Ltd", {}], ["Post-punk", {}], ["Lydon", {}], ["Post-rock", {}], ["London", {}], ["Alice Cooper", {}], ["Guitarist", {}], ["Guitar", {}], ["Bass guitar", {}], ["United Kingdom", {}], ["Human", {}], ["Holloway, London", {}], ["Punk rock", {}], ["Alternative rock", {}]]
Relations:[["John Lydon", "occupation", "Singer"], ["John Lydon", "member of", "Sex Pistols"], ["John Lydon", "member of", "Public Image Ltd"], ["John Lydon", "genre", "Post-punk"], ["John Lydon", "family name", "Lydon"], ["John Lydon", "genre", "Post-rock"], ["John Lydon", "residence", "London"], ["John Lydon", "influenced by", "Alice Cooper"], ["John Lydon", "occupation", "Guitarist"], ["John Lydon", "instrument", "Guitar"], ["John Lydon", "instrument", "Bass guitar"], ["John Lydon", "country of citizenship", "United Kingdom"], ["John Lydon", "instance of", "Human"], ["John Lydon", "place of birth", "Holloway, London"], ["John Lydon", "genre", "Punk rock"], ["John Lydon", "genre", "Alternative rock"]] |
### User:
Joana Vaya Malinao Michaelson (born 12 February 1990), née Houplin, is a Filipino-American association football coach and former international footballer who played as a midfielder for Seattle Sounders Women. Houplin was also the top scorer at the 2013 AFF Women's Championship scoring 8 goals. Early life and education Joana Houplin was born in the Philippines on February 12, 1990. She has both Philippine and United States citizenship. Houplin later moved to England at age 4 and later to the United States at 12. She attended the Olympia High School and also the Western Washington University where she obtained a bachelor'sa week long training camp by the Philippines national football team in Corona, California which led to her selection as part of the squad that will later participate at the 2014 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualifiers. She last played for the Philippines in 2015. International goals Scores and results list the Philippines' goal tally first. Coaching career Since 2014, she is the head coach of Northwest United FC. She is a holder of at least a USSF National "D" License. Houplin is also involved with the women's soccer team of the Western Washington University, her alma mater, as a volunteer
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Joana Houplin", {"description":'American soccer player'}], ["United States", {}], ["Joana", {}], ["Midfielder", {}], ["Association football", {}], ["Western Washington University", {}]]
Relations:[["Joana Houplin", "country of citizenship", "United States"], ["Joana Houplin", "given name", "Joana"], ["Joana Houplin", "position played on team / speciality", "Midfielder"], ["Joana Houplin", "sport", "Association football"], ["Joana Houplin", "educated at", "Western Washington University"]] |
### User:
Alex Sadkin (April 9, 1949 – July 25, 1987) was an American record producer, engineer, mixer and mastering engineer. Sadkin grew up in Fort Lauderdale, Florida across the street from Bennett Elementary School, and played saxophone in Sunrise Junior High School and Fort Lauderdale High School. Sadkin attended the University of Miami in Coral Gables for his first year of college as a biology major. He attended Florida State University in Tallahassee where he played bass guitar with childhood friends Lyle LaBarbera (rhythm guitar) and Jim Hendee (drums), and singer Phil Turk. He eventually received his Bachelor of Science degreein geology in 1971. He got his start in the music industry as a saxophonist for the Las Olas Brass in Fort Lauderdale. After graduation, Sadkin worked with Jim Hendee at a sea turtle farm called Mariculture, Ltd. on Grand Cayman Island, where they both lived on Seven Mile Beach, a few miles from the town of Hell. During their six months of living and scuba diving there, they got their first taste of playing reggae at several clubs around the island. When Sadkin returned to South Florida he began his recording career. He was first trained as a masteringengineer but eventually moved into recording studio work as a "tape-op" (Assistant Engineer) at Criteria Studios in Miami, Florida. He got his first big break after impressing Neil Young with his mixing ability, and he eventually became head engineer at Compass Point Studio in Nassau, Bahamas. He worked alongside Island Records boss Chris Blackwell on many of the label's projects, most famously with Bob Marley and the Wailers, including the seminal Rastaman Vibration. A full member of the Compass Point All Stars from day one, he began producing artists for Island Records (Grace Jones, Marianne Faithfull, Robert Palmer, Joe Cocker),Days by themselves in Paris; right before its release after the collapse of the singer Tom Bailey, the release was postponed. The postponement caused them to rethink the project and producer Nile Rodgers was subsequently called in to rework the album with them along with Sadkin's production of the single "Lay Your Hands on Me" and released in 1985. Sadkin was a mentor to engineer and producer Phil Thornalley, who would go on to work with The Cure, Johnny Hates Jazz, and Natalie Imbruglia. He had a special gift of being able to sense and analyze an artist's inner creativeabilities and talents, even if the artist couldn't. Composer-keyboardist Wally Badarou had this to say about Sadkin: "His dedication to maintaining genuine 'mixes in progress' from the word go, was a great lesson. I made it a system for my subsequent production from then on." Sadkin died in a motor accident in Nassau at the age of 38, shortly after completing production work on Boom Crash Opera's eponymous 1987 album, and just before he was due to begin working with Ziggy Marley. The songs "Do You Believe in Shame?" by Duran Duran, "Gone Too Soon" by Robbie Nevil, and GraceJones' "Well Well Well" are all dedicated to his memory. Also Joe Cocker's album Unchain My Heart (1987) is dedicated to the memory of Alex Sadkin. Selected production credits Stephen Stills – Illegal Stills (1976)—Mixing Stills-Young-Band – Long May You Run (1976)—Mixing Third World – Journey to Addis (1978) Bob Marley and the Wailers – Survival (1979) Grace Jones – Warm Leatherette (1980) Robert Palmer – Clues (1980)—Mixing Grace Jones – Nightclubbing (1981) Grace Jones – Living My Life (1982) Joe Cocker – Sheffield Steel (1982) Thompson Twins – Quick Step & Side Kick (1983) Paul Haig (ex-Josef K) –
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Alex Sadkin", {"description":'American record producer'}], ["Record producer", {}], ["Engineer", {}], ["Alex", {}], ["Florida State University", {}], ["Florida", {}], ["Composer", {}]]
Relations:[["Alex Sadkin", "occupation", "Record producer"], ["Alex Sadkin", "occupation", "Engineer"], ["Alex Sadkin", "given name", "Alex"], ["Alex Sadkin", "educated at", "Florida State University"], ["Alex Sadkin", "place of birth", "Florida"], ["Alex Sadkin", "occupation", "Composer"]] |
### User:
The 2014 USTA Player Development Classic was a professional tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the sixth edition of the tournament which was part of the 2014 ITF Women's Circuit, offering a total of $50,000 in prize money. It took place in Carson, California, United States, on July 14–20, 2014. Singles main draw entrants Seeds 1 Rankings as of July 7, 2014 Other entrants The following players received wildcards into the singles main draw: Kristie Ahn Jamie Loeb Chiara Scholl Chanelle Van Nguyen The following players received entry from the qualifying draw: Jennifer Elie Danielle Lao Tatjana
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["2014 USTA Player Development Classic", {"description":'$50,000 ITF Women's Circuit tennis tournament'}], ["Tennis", {}], ["Carson, California", {}], ["United States", {}]]
Relations:[["2014 USTA Player Development Classic", "sport", "Tennis"], ["2014 USTA Player Development Classic", "location", "Carson, California"], ["2014 USTA Player Development Classic", "country", "United States"]] |
### User:
Derek Xavier Weiler (October 4, 1968 – April 12, 2009) was a journalist and Canadian magazine editor. He was editor of Quill & Quire, Canada's national book trade magazine. Early career Weiler received a B.A. and M.A. in English literature from the University of Waterloo and a certificate in Magazine and Book Publishing from Centennial College in Toronto. His first job in publishing was as an editor for Key Porter Books. Quill & Quire After being hired at Quill & Quire as a staff writer in 1999, he rose through the positions of review editor and news editor to benamed editor in chief in 2004. During his tenure, Weiler wrote book reviews and articles for the country's three major newspapers: The Globe and Mail, the Toronto Star and the National Post. Weiler had a tattoo on his inner forearm that read "I can't go on. I'll go on," a well-known line from Samuel Beckett's The Unnamable, and a reference, as he revealed in a blog post, to his struggle with a heart condition, the details of which he did not reveal. Death Weiler died suddenly, the result of his heart condition, on April 12, 2009, in Toronto at the
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Derek Weiler", {"description":'journalist'}], ["Derek", {}], ["Editor", {}], ["University of Waterloo", {}]]
Relations:[["Derek Weiler", "given name", "Derek"], ["Derek Weiler", "occupation", "Editor"], ["Derek Weiler", "educated at", "University of Waterloo"]] |
### User:
Colin Anthony Greenall (born 30 December 1963 in Billinge, Lancashire) is an English former professional footballer who made over 600 Football League appearances between 1980 and 1999. Starting his career at Blackpool as an apprentice, Greenall had spells at Gillingham, Oxford United, Bury, Preston North End, Chester City and Lincoln City before finishing his career at his hometown club, Wigan Athletic. Playing career Blackpool At Blackpool, Greenall made his professional debut on 23 September 1980, at the age of 16 years and 237 days, becoming the club's then-youngest-ever league player (a record broken by Trevor Sinclair in 1989). Three dayslater, he appeared in a League Cup game against Everton at Goodison Park. Greenall was one of a host of young players brought to Blackpool by Alan Ball during his short managerial reign at the club. Unlike most of the others, however, he remained at the club for years and developed into a dependable defender. He eventually took over the central role, combining with captain Steve Hetzke and Mike Conroy to form a successful defensive partnership. Greenall won England Youth honours and, at 20, was voted the Fourth Division's Player of the Year by the PFA. Gillingham After 183 leagueappearances in just over five years, Greenall had a contractual dispute with Blackpool, and in September 1986 he moved to Third Division Gillingham for £40,000. Oxford United Greenall joined Oxford United in February 1988 for £235,000, and the U's soon made him skipper following the departure of Tommy Caton, as he enjoyed a brief taste of top-flight football before they were relegated at the end of the season. Bury and Preston North End In July 1990, he moved to Bury for £100,000 after an initial loan spell at Gigg Lane, before departing for Preston North End during 1991–92 – amove in his favour as Preston narrowly beat the drop from Division Three while Bury were relegated. Preston would follow suit 12 months later, however. Latter years After a year at Chester City, where he won promotion and player of the season in 1993–94, and a spell with Lincoln City, Greenall joined Wigan Athletic in 1995. At Wigan, he helped guide the team to Third Division success as an ever-present captain in 1997. After coming out of retirement, Greenall made his Wembley debut in 1999 when he defied his advancing years to help Wigan beat Millwall 1–0 to win theFootball League Trophy. Coaching career In 2001, Greenall became caretaker-manager of Wigan for six games, losing only once, but he did not get the job permanently and was to lose his coaching job at Wigan shortly afterwards. He returned to playing with Rossendale United while searching for new coaching opportunities. In June 2002 he was appointed Head of Youth Development at Rochdale and in June 2004 Director of the Centre of Excellence at Rochdale. In August 2005 he was appointed to the role of Coach Education Manager at the Lancashire FA. Honours Blackpool PFA Fourth Division Player of the Year:
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Colin Greenall", {"description":'Footballer and manager (born 1963)'}], ["Greenall", {}]]
Relations:[["Colin Greenall", "family name", "Greenall"]] |
### User:
Wondership Q (known as Airship Q in Japan) is a 2D sandbox action-adventure game developed by Cygames for PlayStation Vita and Steam. The Vita version was released in Japan on November 19, 2015, and the English version was released internationally for Steam on July 18, 2016. Overview The story follows two siblings turned into cats, who explore a vast 2D world on an airship in pursuit of the witch who transformed them, and to save the island of Laputa. The game is unique in several ways: it is cited in the official trailer as the first sandbox RPG from Japan,
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Wondership Q", {"description":'2015 video game', "alias":['Airship Q']}], ["PlayStation Vita", {}], ["Cygames", {}], ["Japan", {}], ["Action-adventure game", {}]]
Relations:[["Wondership Q", "platform", "PlayStation Vita"], ["Wondership Q", "publisher", "Cygames"], ["Wondership Q", "country of origin", "Japan"], ["Wondership Q", "genre", "Action-adventure game"]] |
### User:
Beatmania IIDX 12: Happy Sky (stylized as beatmania IIDX12: HAPPY SKY) is the 12th game in the beatmania IIDX series of music video games. It was released in arcades by Konami on July 13, 2005. The game features over 45 new songs, some of which are unlocked over Konami's e-Amusement platform. Happy Sky introduced several small but significant changes to the series, such as a new difficulty scale, and a new boss song. Gameplay Beatmania IIDX tasks the player with performing songs through a controller consisting of seven key buttons and a scratchable turntable. Hitting the notes with strong timingTwo new modifiers have been added, Hidden+ and Sudden+, which allow the user to adjust a lane cover over a specific portion of the screen. This had been popularly done with towels beforehand, acknowledged by Konami in the PS2 version of Gold, which offers a picture of a towel as one of the lane cover options. e-Amusement Happy Sky was the last version of IIDX to support the old styled e-Amusement cards, as Distorted would switch to the new "e-Amusement Pass" system. A cell phone application called "IIDX WAVE" could customize the interface of Happy Sky, with different menu musicslightly different on each difficulty level, thus having 3 different "versions". DJ Murasame stated in a "bio" page for the song on Konami's Happy Sky microsite, that the 3 different versions could be played together one after the other at once, and suggested a situation where all 3 versions could be played sequentially using 3 IIDX cabinets next to each other. The console version of Happy Sky would later include all 3 variations playable separately, and a long mix of all 3. Home version A home version of Happy Sky was released in Japan for the PlayStation 2 on December
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Beatmania IIDX 12: Happy Sky", {"description":'2005 video game'}], ["Beatmania IIDX", {}], ["Konami", {}], ["PlayStation 2", {}], ["Japan", {}]]
Relations:[["Beatmania IIDX 12: Happy Sky", "part of the series", "Beatmania IIDX"], ["Beatmania IIDX 12: Happy Sky", "developer", "Konami"], ["Beatmania IIDX 12: Happy Sky", "platform", "PlayStation 2"], ["Beatmania IIDX 12: Happy Sky", "country of origin", "Japan"]] |
### User:
Vladimir Terletsky (in Russian Терлецкий Владимир Евгеньевич, in Yiddish – וועלוול טערלעצקי) was a musician, composer, conductor. Terletsky (January 22, 1931 in Moscow, Soviet Union – July 22, 1998 in Moscow, Russia) studied music at the Gnesins’ Music School and College, thereafter at the Gnesins’ Institute for Music Educators. Terletsky held numerous positions as conductor /the orchestras of Moscow Variety, Rosconcert, Moscow Concerts, Baku Variety /. He was granted the title of a Distinguished Artist of the Azerbaydzhanian Soviet Socialistic Republic. Compositions Terletsky composed numerous songs, incidental music, movie scores, music for television and radio shows. He was renowned for
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Vladimir Terletsky", {"description":'Russian musician', "alias":['Vladimir Yevgenyevich Terletsky']}], ["Moscow", {}], ["Russia", {}], ["Soviet Union", {}], ["Composer", {}]]
Relations:[["Vladimir Terletsky", "place of birth", "Moscow"], ["Vladimir Terletsky", "place of death", "Moscow"], ["Vladimir Terletsky", "country of citizenship", "Russia"], ["Vladimir Terletsky", "country of citizenship", "Soviet Union"], ["Vladimir Terletsky", "occupation", "Composer"]] |
### User:
Bolinus is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails. This genus is known in the fossil record from the Miocene to the Pliocene period (age range: from 15.97 to 2.588 million years ago.). Fossil shells within this genus have been found in Cyprus, Austria, Italy and Turkey. Some species of these molluscs were known since ancient times as a source for purple dye and also as a popular food source. Description The adult shells of Bolinus species can reach a size of about . They are usually pale orgolden brown, thick and spiny with a long and straight siphonal canal and a rounded and broad body whorl. They are carnivorous and predatory Distribution Snails within this genus mainly live along the Atlantic coast of Africa and in the Mediterranean Sea. Habitat They inhabit shallow water and prefer gravelled or rocky substrate. Species Species within the genus Bolinus include: Bolinus Brandaris Nivea Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1882 brandaris form trispinosus Locard 1886 Bolinus brandaris longispinus Coen 1914 brandaris form coronatus brandaris form trituberculatus brandaris form bicaudatus brandaris form cagliaritanus brandaris form brevis brandaris form polii brandaris form elongata brandaris
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Bolinus", {"description":'genus of molluscs'}], ["Genus", {}], ["Muricidae", {}]]
Relations:[["Bolinus", "taxon rank", "Genus"], ["Bolinus", "parent taxon", "Muricidae"]] |
### User:
Jesús Escobedo Trejo (June 24, 1918 – October 13, 1978) was a Mexican artist specializing in drawing and engraving, one of the founding members of the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana. Escobedo was born in El Oro, México, moving to Mexico City to study at the Escuela de Pintura al Aire Libre under Gabriel Fernández Ledesma and at the Academy of San Carlos under Francisco Díaz de León. Escobedo was a politically motivated artist, belonging to the Liga de Escritores y Artistas Revolucionaries and the Taller de Gráfica Popular. One of his most important exhibitions was that in 1938, whenhe was part of a collective exhibition at the Palacio de Bellas Artes, organized by the Comité Nacional Femenino Pro-Pago de la Deuda Petrolera. In 1945, he received a Guggenheim Fellowship to create eight lithographs about the city of New York. However, much of his work was as a book illustrator, working for the Secretariat of Public Education in Mexico as well as work with several publishers in the United States. His most important work in that country was the illustration of the book “Lecturas Hispanoamericanas” in 1946. Escobedo died at the age of 60 of heart stoppage and was
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Jesús Escobedo", {"description":'Mexican artist', "alias":['Jesus Escobedo', 'Jesús Escobedo Trejo']}], ["Mexico", {}], ["Guggenheim Fellowship", {}]]
Relations:[["Jesús Escobedo", "country of citizenship", "Mexico"], ["Jesús Escobedo", "award received", "Guggenheim Fellowship"]] |
### User:
The Opiinae are a subfamily of braconid parasitoid wasps with over 1300 described species. Several species have been used in biocontrol programs against fruit flies and Agromyzidae flies. They are closely related to the Alysiinae. Description and distribution Opiinae are small wasps, usually under 5mm long. They are non-cyclostomes, but sometimes have the appearance of a cyclostome opening. Unlike Alysiinae, Opiinae have endodont mandibles, which open inwards. The genus Exodontiella is the one exception with exodont mandibles in the Opiinae. Opiinae are found worldwide. Biology Opiinae are koinobiont endoparasitoids of cyclorrhaphus Diptera. Females oviposit into host eggs or larvae. The
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Opiinae", {"description":'subfamily of insects'}], ["Subfamily", {}]]
Relations:[["Opiinae", "taxon rank", "Subfamily"]] |
### User:
Ethan Allen Greenwood (1779–1856) was an American lawyer, portrait painter, and entrepreneurial museum proprietor in Boston, Massachusetts in the early 19th century. He established the New England Museum in 1818. Biography Greenwood was born in Hubbardston, Massachusetts to Moses Greenwood and Betsy Dunlap, May 27, 1779. He attended school at the Academy at New Salem, and the Leicester Academy. In 1806 he graduated from Dartmouth College. He also studied at West Point. Between 1801 and 1825, Greenwood produced many portraits, perhaps as many as 800 works. He utilized the physiognotrace technique. He kept a studio in Boston circa 1813 andeve a 'Glorious House' $342.75. Best day since the Museum began. -- 10th. Bought a young Shark." The New England Museum enjoyed considerable popularity. Greenwood also established museum branches in Portland, Maine, and Providence, Rhode Island. However, around 1834–1839 he experienced financial difficulties and, as a result, "his assignees conveyed the collections [of the New England Museum] to Moses Kimball." Kimball would then found the Boston Museum and Gallery of Fine Arts, a theatre and exhibit hall, featuring a portion of Greenwood's collection; Kimball sold the other portion of Greenwood's collection to a museum effort in Lowell, Massachusetts, in 1840.
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Ethan Allen Greenwood", {"description":'American artist (1779-1856)', "alias":['Greenwood']}], ["Painter", {}], ["Portrait", {}], ["1779", {}], ["1856", {}], ["Boston", {}]]
Relations:[["Ethan Allen Greenwood", "occupation", "Painter"], ["Ethan Allen Greenwood", "genre", "Portrait"], ["Ethan Allen Greenwood", "date of birth", "1779"], ["Ethan Allen Greenwood", "date of death", "1856"], ["Ethan Allen Greenwood", "work location", "Boston"]] |
### User:
Debra Fox is the founder and CEO of Fox Learning Systems. She was previously a television reporter and anchor with WTAE-TV Pittsburgh (1976–1986). WTAE television career Fox was named "Best Pittsburgh Newscaster" seven years in a row by the Pittsburgh Tribune Review. During her ten-year television career, she was able to interview many prominent national figures such as Presidents Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter (during the Iran Hostage Crisis), Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, Governor Michael Dukakis, Senator Ted Kennedy, Senator Joe Biden, Reverend Jesse Jackson, Walter Mondale and Gary Hart. She also covered the 1984 Democratic National Convention in SanFrancisco. After having her first child in 1986, she retired from WTAE. The Golden Land In 1990, Fox took over for Wolf Blitzer in PBS's series "The Golden Land". This was a documentary about the history of Israel in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Fox Learning Systems In 1997, Debra founded Fox Learning Systems after personally experiencing problems in the long-term care industry. Using her on-camera experiences, Fox set out to produce software and educational material that makes eldercare staff training fun and exciting. Fox has started her own blog that talks about the many troubles dealing with theelder care industry Notable appearances 2009: Seton Hill E-Magnify "Build A World-Class Business" Conference, Keynote Speaker 2008: Rite Aid and Fox Learning Systems team up together to launch Rite Aid “Giving Care For Parents” using Fox’s educational video training 2008: Pittsburgh magazine featured article on Debra Fox Improving Eldercare through Education 2004: Feature article in E-Magnify a Seton Hill publication 2003: Keynote speaker for National Women’s Leadership conference held in Pittsburgh 2002: Speaker at the MIT forum, Pittsburgh chapter 2000: Feature Article in the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette speaking about the focus of Fox Learning Systems. 1991: Acted as a television news
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Debra Fox", {"description":'American journalist'}], ["Debra", {}]]
Relations:[["Debra Fox", "given name", "Debra"]] |
### User:
Empress Myeongseong or Empress Myung-Sung (19 October 1851 – 8 October 1895), known informally as Queen Min, was the first official wife of Gojong, the twenty-sixth king of Joseon and the first emperor of the Korean Empire. The government of Meiji Japan (明治政府) considered Empress Myeongseong (明成皇后) an obstacle to its overseas expansion. Efforts to remove her from the political arena, orchestrated through failed rebellions prompted by the father of King Gojong, the Heungseon Daewongun (an influential regent working with the Japanese), compelled her to take a harsher stand against Japanese influence. After Japan's victory in the First Sino-Japanese War,Joseon Korea came under the Japanese sphere of influence. The Empress advocated stronger ties between Korea and Russia in an attempt to block Japanese influence in Korea. Miura Gorō, the Japanese Minister to Korea at that time and a retired army lieutenant-general, backed the faction headed by the Daewongun, whom he considered to be more sympathetic to Japanese interests. In the early morning of 8 October 1895, the Hullyeondae Regiment, loyal to the Daewongun, attacked the Gyeongbokgung, overpowering its Royal Guards. Hullyeondae officers, led by Lieutenant Colonel Woo Beomseon, then allowed a group of Japanese ronins, specifically recruited for thispurpose to infiltrate and assassinate the Empress in the palace, under orders from Miura Gorō. The assassination of the Empress ignited outrage among other foreign powers. Domestically, the assassination prompted anti-Japanese sentiment in Korea with the "Short Hair Act Order" (단발령, 斷髮令), and some Koreans created the Eulmi Righteous Army and actively set up protests nationwide. Following the Empress's assassination, Emperor Gojong and the crown prince (later Emperor Sunjong of Korea) fled to the Russian legation in 1896. This led to the general repeal of the Gabo Reform, which was controlled by Japanese influence. In October 1897, King Gojong returnedto Gyeongungung (modern-day Deoksugung). There, he proclaimed the founding of the Korean Empire. In South Korea, there has been renewed interest in Empress Myeongseong due to popular novels, a film, a TV drama and even a musical based on her life story. Background End of an era In 1863, Cheoljong of Joseon died suddenly as the result of suspected foul play by the Andong Kim clan, an aristocratic and influential clan of the 19th century. Cheoljong was childless and had not appointed an heir. The Andong Kim clan had risen to power through intermarriage with the royal House of Yi.Queen Cheorin, Cheoljong's consort and a member of the Andong Kim clan, claimed the right to choose the next king, although traditionally the most senior Queen Dowager had the official authority to select the new king. Cheoljong's cousin, Grand Royal Dowager Sinjeong, the widow of Heonjong of Joseon's father of the Pungyang Jo clan, who too had risen to prominence by intermarriage with the Yi family, currently held this title. Queen Sinjeong saw an opportunity to advance the cause of the Pungyang Jo clan, the only true rival of the Andong Kim clan in Korean politics. As Cheoljong succumbed tohis illness, the Grand Royal Dowager Queen was approached by Yi Ha-eung, a distant descendant of King Injo (r.1623–1649), whose father was made an adoptive son of Prince Eunsin, a nephew of King Yeongjo (r.1724–1776). The branch that Yi Ha-eung's family belonged to was an obscure line of descendants of the Yi clan, which survived the often deadly political intrigue that frequently embroiled the Joseon court by forming no affiliation with any factions. Yi Ha-eung himself was ineligible for the throne due to a law that dictated that any possible heir had to be part of the generation after thereign to take place and aristocratic recognition to be received), effectively giving Queen Sinjeong absolute power to select the successor to the throne. By the time Cheoljong's death became a known fact, the Andong Kim clan was powerless to act according to law because the seal already lay in the hands of Grand Royal Dowager Queen Sinjeong. In the autumn of 1864, Yi Myeongbok was crowned as King Gojong of Joseon, with his father titled Heungseon Daewongun ( "Grand Internal Prince"). The strongly Confucian Heungseon Daewongun proved to be a capable and calculating leader in the early years of Gojong'swas born into the aristocratic Min family of the Yeoheung branch on 19 October 1851 in Yeoju, Gyeonggi Province, where the clan originated. The Yeoheung Mins were a noble clan boasting many highly positioned bureaucrats in its illustrious past, as well as two queen consorts, Queen Wongyeong, the wife of Taejong of Joseon, and Queen Inhyeon, the wife of Sukjong of Joseon. Before her marriage, the Empress was known as the daughter of Min Chirok (). While some fictional accounts call her Min Jayeong, this name has not been confirmed by historical sources. At the age of eight she hadConsort of Joseon. Two places assert claims on the marriage and ascension: both Injeong Hall (인정전) at Changdeok Palace and Norak Hall (노락당) at Unhyeon Palace. The wig typically worn by brides at royal weddings was so heavy for the slight 16-year-old bride that a tall court lady was specially assigned to support it from the back. Directly following the wedding was the three-day ceremony for the reverencing of the ancestors. Older officials soon noticed that the new queen consort was an assertive and ambitious woman, unlike other queens preceding her. She did not participate in lavish parties, rarely commissionedof trade, while Korean merchants suffered serious losses. A social revolution In 1877, a mission headed by Kim Gi-su was commissioned by Gojong and Min to study Japanese westernization and its intentions for Korea. In 1881 another mission, this one under Kim Hongjip went to Japan. Kim and his team were shocked at how large the Japanese cities had become. He noted that only 50 years before, Seoul and Busan of Korea were metropolitan centers of East Asia, dominant over underdeveloped Japanese cities; but now, in 1877, with Tokyo and Osaka westernized throughout the Meiji Restoration, Seoul and Busan lookedlike vestiges of the ancient past. When they were in Japan, Kim met with the Chinese ambassador to Tokyo, Ho Ju-chang and the councilor Huang Tsun-hsien. They discussed the international situation of Qing China and Joseon's place in the rapidly changing world. Huang Tsu-hsien presented to Kim a book he had written called Korean Strategy. China was no longer the hegemonic power of East Asia, and Korea no longer enjoyed military superiority over Japan. In addition, the Russian Empire began expansion into Asia. Huang advised that Korea should adopt a pro-Chinese policy, while retaining close ties with Japan for thetime being. He also advised an alliance with the United States for protection against Russia. He advised opening trade relations with Western nations and adopting Western technology. He noted that China had tried but failed due to its size, but Korea was smaller than Japan. He viewed Korea as a barrier to Japanese expansion into mainland Asia. He suggested Korean youths be sent to China and Japan to study, and Western teachers of technical and scientific subjects be invited to Korea. When Kim returned to Seoul, Queen Min took special interest in Huang's book and commissioned copies be sent outadministrative head of the training units. These soldiers then fled to the protection of the Heungseon Daewongun, who publicly rebuked but privately encouraged them. The Heungseon Daewongun then took control of the old units. He ordered an attack on the administrative district of Seoul that housed the Gyeongbokgung, the diplomatic quarter, military centers, and science institutions. The soldiers attacked police stations to free comrades who had been arrested and then began ransacking private estates and mansions belonging to relatives of the Queen Consort. These units then stole rifles and began to kill Japanese training officers, and narrowly missed killing theJapanese ambassador to Seoul, who quickly escaped to Incheon. The military rebellion then headed towards the palace but both Queen Consort and the King escaped in disguise and fled to her relative’s villa in Cheongju, where they remained in hiding. Numerous supporters of the Queen Consort were put to death as soon as the Daewongun arrived and took administrative control of Gyeongbokgung Palace. He immediately dismantled the reform measures implemented by the Queen Consort and relieved the new units of their duties. Foreign policy quickly returned to isolationism, and Chinese and Japanese envoys were forced out of the capital. Liin Seoul. When the Queen Consort learned of the treaty, she proposed to China a new trade agreement, granting the Chinese special privileges and rights to ports inaccessible to the Japanese. She also requested that a Chinese commander take control of the new military units and a German adviser named Paul Georg von Möllendorff to head the Maritime Customs Service. The Mission to America In September 1883, the Queen Consort established English language schools with American instructors. She sent a special mission in July 1883 to the United States, headed by Min Yeong-ik, one of her relatives. The mission arrivedat San Francisco carrying the newly created Korean national flag, visited many American historical sites, heard lectures on American history, and attended a gala event in their honor given by the mayor of San Francisco and other U.S. officials. The mission dined with President Chester A. Arthur, and discussed the growing threat of Japanese and American investment in Korea. At the end of September, Min Yeong-ik returned to Seoul and reported to the Queen Consort, The reformist vs. the conservatives The Progressives were founded during the late 1870s by a group of yangban who fully supported Westernization of Joseon. However,her gradual plan of Westernization. She saw the consequences Joseon would have to face if she did not play China and Japan off by the West gradually, especially since she was a strong advocate of the Sadae faction who were pro-China and pro-gradual Westernization. However, in 1884, the conflict between the Progressives and the Sadaes intensified. When American legation officials, particularly Naval Attaché George C. Foulk, heard about the growing problem, they were outraged and reported directly to the Queen Consort. The Americans attempted to bring the two groups to peace with each other in order to aid the QueenConsort in a peaceful transformation of Joseon into a modern nation. After all, she liked the ideas and plans of both parties. As a matter of fact, she was in support of many of the Progressive's ideas, except for severing relations with China. However, the Progressives, fed up with the Sadaes and the growing influence of the Chinese, sought the aid of the Japanese legation guards and staged a bloody palace coup on 4 December 1884. The Progressives killed numerous high Sadaes and secured key government positions vacated by the Sadaes who had fled the capital or had been killed.The refreshed administration began to issue various edicts in both the King and Queen Consort's names and they were eager to implement political, economic, social, and cultural reforms. However, the Empress was horrified by the bellicosity of the Progressives and refused to support their actions and declared any documents signed in her name to be null and void. After only two days of new influence over the administration, they were crushed by Chinese troops under Yuan Shih-kai's command. A handful of Progressive leaders were killed. Once again, the Japanese government saw the opportunity to extort money out of the Joseongovernment by forcing Gojong, again without the knowledge of his wife, to sign a treaty. The Treaty of Hanseong forced Joseon to pay a large sum of indemnity for damages inflicted on Japanese lives and property during the coup. On 18 April 1885 the Li-Ito Agreement was made in Tianjin, China, between the Japanese and the Chinese. In it, they both agreed to pull troops out of Joseon and that either party would send troops only if their property was endangered and that each would inform the other before doing so. Both nations also agreed to pull out their militaryinstructors to allow the newly arrived Americans to take full control of that duty. The Japanese withdrew troops from Korea, leaving a small number of legation guards, but the Queen Consort was ahead of the Japanese in their game. She summoned Chinese envoys and through persuasion, convinced them to keep 2,000 soldiers disguised as Joseon police or merchants to guard the borders from any suspicious Japanese actions and to continue to train Korean troops. The Innovator Education Peace finally settled upon the once-renowned "Land of the Morning Calm." With the majority of Japanese troops out of Joseon and Chinese protectionwas closed shortly after the last English teacher, Bunker, resigned in late 1893. The Queen Consort also gave her patronage to the first all-girls' educational institution, Ewha Academy, established in Seoul, 1886 by American missionary, Mary F. Scranton (later became the Ewha University). In reality, as Louisa Rothweiler, a founding teacher of Ewha Academy observed, the school was, at its early stage, more of a place for poor girls to be fed and clothed than a place of education. This was a significant social change. The institution survives to this day as the Ewha Woman's University - one of theRepublic of Korea's top private universities and still an all-girl's school. The Protestant missionaries contributed much to the development of Western education in Joseon Korea. The Queen Consort, unlike her father-in-law, who had oppressed Christians, invited different missionaries to enter Joseon. She knew and valued their knowledge of Western history, science, and mathematics, and was aware of the advantage of having them within the nation. Unlike the Isolationists, she saw no threat to the Confucian morals of Korean society in the advent of Christianity. Religious tolerance was another one of her goals. The press The first newspaper to be publishedin Joseon was the "Hanseong Sunbo", an all-Hanja newspaper. It was published as a thrice monthly official government gazette by the Bakmun-guk (Publishing house), an agency of the Foreign Ministry. It included contemporary news of the day, essays and articles about Westernization, and news of further modernization of Joseon. In January 1886, the Bakmun-guk published a new newspaper named the Hanseong Jubo (The Seoul Weekly). The publication of a Korean-language newspaper was a significant development, and the paper itself played an important role as a communication media to the masses until it was abolished in 1888 under pressure from theChinese government. A newspaper entirely in Hangul, making no use of the Korean Hanja script, was not published again until 1894. Ganjo Sinbo (The Seoul News) was published as a weekly newspaper under the patronage of both Gojong and the Queen Consort, it was written half in Korean and half in Japanese. Medicine, religion, and music The arrival of Horace Newton Allen under invitation of the Queen Consort in September 1884 marked the formal introduction of Christianity, which spread rapidly in Joseon. He was able, with the Queen Consort's permission and official sanction, to arrange for the appointment of othermissionaries as government employees. He also introduced modern medicine in Korea by establishing the first western Royal Medical Clinic of Gwanghyewon in February 1885. In April 1885, a horde of Protestant missionaries began to flood into Joseon. The Isolationists were horrified and realized they had finally been defeated by the Queen Consort. The doors to Korea were not only open to ideas, technology, and culture but also to other religions. Having lost immense power with Heungseon Daewongun (still captive in China), the Isolationists could do nothing but simply watch. Horace Grant Underwood and his wife, William B. Scranton, his wife,and his mother, Mary Scranton, made Korea their new home in May 1885. They established churches within Seoul and began to establish centers in the countrysides. Catholic missionaries arrived soon afterwards, reviving Catholicism which had witnessed massive persecution in 1866 under Heungseon Daewongun's rule. While winning many converts, Christian missionaries made significant contributions towards the modernization of the country. Concepts of equality, human rights and freedom, and the participation of both men and women in religious activities were all new to Joseon. The Queen Consort was ecstatic at the prospect of integrating these values within the government. She had wantedthe military project took the longest. In October 1883, American minister Lucius Foote arrived to take command of the modernization of Joseon's older army units that had not started Westernizing. In April 1888, General William McEntyre Dye and two other military instructors arrived from the United States, followed in May by a fourth instructor. They brought about rapid military development. A new military school was created called "Yeonmu Gongwon", and an officers training program began. However, despite armies becoming more and more on par with the Chinese and the Japanese, the idea of a navy was neglected. As a result,it became one of the few failures of the modernization project. Due to the neglect of developing naval defence, Joseon's long sea borders were open to invasion. It was an ironic mistake since nearly 300 years earlier, Joseon's navy was the strongest in all of East Asia. Now, the Korean navy was nothing but ancient ships that could barely defend themselves from the advanced ships of modern navies. However, for a short while, hope for the Korean military could be seen. With rapidly growing armies, Japan itself was becoming fearful of the impact of Korean troops if her government didagriculture. Farm implements, seeds, and milk cows were imported from the United States. In June 1883, the Bureau of Machines was established and steam engines were imported. However, despite the fact that Gojong and his Queen Consort brought the Korean economy to an acceptable level to the West, modern manufacturing facilities did not emerge due to a political interruption: the assassination of the Queen Consort. Be that as it may, telegraph lines between Joseon, China, and Japan were laid between 1883 and 1885, facilitating communication. Personal life Early years Detailed descriptions of Min can be found in both The Nationalaid of his wife to conduct international and domestic affairs. In this, Gojong grew an admiration for his wife's wit, intelligence, and ability to learn quickly. As the problems of the kingdom grew bigger and bigger, Gojong relied even more on his wife, she becoming his rock during times of frustration. During the years of modernization of Joseon, it is safe to assume that Gojong was finally in love with his wife. They began to spend much time with each other, privately and officially. They shared each other's problems, celebrated each other's joys, and felt each other's pains. They finallyhas called this assassination a "hideous event, crudely conceived and brutally executed." Donald Keene, who calls the queen "an arrogant and corrupt woman", says that the way in which she was murdered was nonetheless "unspeakably barbaric." Gojong's The Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty do not have a Japanese name. The names written are: Jeong Zun (2nd Battalion Officer), Lee Doo (1st Battalion Officer), Lee Chung (Senior 2nd Battalion), Lee Chun (Deputy Commander) , Gong Yu Zhen (at that time police officer). An eye-witness account Crown Prince Sunjong reported that he saw Korean troops led by Woo Beom-seon at the20 March 1866: Lady Min, the daughter of Min Chi-rok, of the Yeoheung Min clan "Lady Min" "The daughter of Min Chi-rok" 20 March 1866 – 1 November 1873: Her Majesty, the Queen Consort of Joseon 1 November 1873 – 1 July 1894: Her Majesty, the Queen Regent of Joseon 1 July 1894 – 6 July 1895: Her Majesty, the Queen Consort of Joseon 6 July 1895 – 8 October 1895: Her Majesty, the Queen Regent of Joseon (The above four titles and styles were 王妃殿下 왕비전하 wangbi jeonha / 中殿媽媽 중전마마 jungjeon mama / 中宮殿媽媽 중궁전마마 junggungjeon mama applicable.)the woman is accompanied by a retinue at her rear. Some experts have stated that the woman was clearly of high-rank and her clothing appears to be that that is worn only by the royal family. However, her outfit lacked the embroideries that decorates the apparel of the empress. Japanese illustration On 13 January 2005, history professor Lee Tae-jin (이태진, 李泰鎭) of Seoul National University unveiled an illustration from an old Japanese magazine he had found at an antique bookstore in Tokyo. The 84th edition of the Japanese magazine Fūzokugahō (風俗畫報) published on 25 January 1895 has a Japanese illustrationKing listening. In popular culture Film and television Portrayed by Moon Geun-young, Lee Mi-yeon and Choi Myung-gil in the 2001-2002 KBS2 TV series Empress Myeongseong. Portrayed by Soo Ae in the 2009 film The Sword With No Name. Portrayed by Seo Yi-sook in the 2010 SBS TV series Jejungwon. Portrayed by Ha Ji-eun in the 2014 KBS2 TV series Gunman in Joseon. Musicals The Last Empress (musical) See also Empress Myeongseong (TV drama) The Last Empress (Musical) List of Korea-related topics History of Korea Joseon Dynasty Heungseon Daewongun Emperor Gojong of the Korean Empire Korea royal refuge at the Russian
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Empress Myeongseong", {"description":'Korean empress (1851-1895)', "alias":['Empress Myung-Sun', 'Queen Min', 'Min']}], ["Joseon", {}], ["Sunjong of Korea", {}], ["Yeoju", {}], ["Seoul", {}], ["Human", {}]]
Relations:[["Empress Myeongseong", "country of citizenship", "Joseon"], ["Empress Myeongseong", "child", "Sunjong of Korea"], ["Empress Myeongseong", "place of birth", "Yeoju"], ["Empress Myeongseong", "place of death", "Seoul"], ["Empress Myeongseong", "instance of", "Human"]] |
### User:
Evans Creek Preserve is a natural area that was donated to the City of Sammamish, Washington, in 2000. The site includes portions of Evans Creek and other water features, wetlands, and meadows, as well as steep terrain. The site provides habitat for black bears, beavers, hawks, deer, and songbirds. There are nurse trees on the site, which are tree stumps that provide nutrients for new trees. Construction of a 10-stall parking lot, restrooms, trails, and other amenities were completed in 2011 with a partnership between the City of Sammamish, the Washington Trails Association, businesses, and community organizations. Construction of additional
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Evans Creek Preserve", {"description":'nature park in Sammamish, Washington, U.S.'}], ["Sammamish, Washington", {}]]
Relations:[["Evans Creek Preserve", "located in the administrative territorial entity", "Sammamish, Washington"]] |
### User:
Jan Hulsker (2 October 1907, The Hague – 9 November 2002, Vancouver) was a Dutch art historian especially noted for his work on Vincent van Gogh. He studied Dutch literature in Leiden and was promoted with a thesis on the author Aart van der Leeuw. In 1953, he was appointed to the Ministerie van Cultuur, Recreatie en Maatschappelijk werk, in charge of the art department. In 1959, he became general director in charge of culture at large (directeur-generaal voor culturele zaken). The establishment of the Vincent van Gogh Foundation and the Van Gogh Museum in Amsterdam were among his major
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Jan Hulsker", {"description":'Dutch art historian', "alias":['JH2007', 'JH2014']}], ["Historian", {}], ["The Hague", {}], ["Vancouver", {}]]
Relations:[["Jan Hulsker", "occupation", "Historian"], ["Jan Hulsker", "place of birth", "The Hague"], ["Jan Hulsker", "place of death", "Vancouver"]] |
### User:
We Sammarinese (, NS) is a centrist political party in San Marino. In the 2006 general election NS won 2.5% and 1 out of 60 seats and stood in opposition to the 2006-2008 governing coalition of the Party of Socialists and Democrats, Popular Alliance and United Left. In the 2008 general election the party participated within the Freedom List that won 1,317 votes (6.28%) and got 4 seats. At time, the Freedom List was part of the centre-right Pact for San Marino coalition. The electoral coalition won 35 seats out of 60 in the Grand and General Council in the2008 Sammarinese parliamentary election gaining 54.22% of the national vote and a governmental majority of 5, becoming the new government of San Marino. As a result, Noi Sammarinesi which itself gained a few seats and a small percentage of the national vote as part of the coalition and as part of the Freedom List. In 2011 the Pact for San Marino government collapsed, causing the disbandment of its component lists. We Sanmarinese, now a fully free party, decided to accept a federative pact with the Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party, entering into a new government of national unity. NS run in
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["We Sammarinese", {"description":'political party in San Marino'}], ["San Marino", {}], ["Political party", {}], ["2006", {}]]
Relations:[["We Sammarinese", "country", "San Marino"], ["We Sammarinese", "instance of", "Political party"], ["We Sammarinese", "inception", "2006"]] |
### User:
Adele Williams (February 24, 1868 – 1952) was an American artist who was one of the earliest Impressionist painters in Virginia. Biography Adele Williams was born in Richmond, Virginia, the daughter of John H. Williams. Graduating high school at the age of 15, she went to New York in 1886 to study at the Woman's Art School of Cooper Union and the Art Students' League. She also studied at the Académie Julian in Paris, where she won the Prix Concours medal. Williams worked in oil, watercolor, pastel, and mezzotint, painting landscapes, still lifes, and harbor and street scenes in an
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Adele Williams", {"description":'American artist'}], ["Cooper Union", {}]]
Relations:[["Adele Williams", "educated at", "Cooper Union"]] |
### User:
Knowbury is a small village near Ludlow in Shropshire, England. It is located in the civil parish of Caynham. It is near to Clee Hill Village and had a part-time Post Office - now closed. There were two adjacent public houses in the village, on Hope Bagot Lane - the Penny Black, and the Bennett's End. The Penny Black is now closed, though the Bennett's End continues to be a pub. The Elan aqueduct passes through the area and crosses the Colly Brook valley (including Cumberley Lane) on the impressive Bennett's End Aqueduct. See also Listed buildings in Caynham References
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Knowbury", {"description":'village in United Kingdom', "alias":['Knowbury, Shropshire']}], ["Village", {}], ["Shropshire", {}]]
Relations:[["Knowbury", "instance of", "Village"], ["Knowbury", "located in the administrative territorial entity", "Shropshire"]] |
### User:
Live in the Heart of Helsinki is the first live album and video by Swedish melodic death metal band Soilwork. It was recorded live on March 21, 2014 at the Circus in Helsinki, Finland. The DVD was produced by Jouni Markkanen, directed by Ville Lipiäinen and mixed by Kimmo Ahola. It was released in 2CD+DVD and 2CD+BD formats. Background Band frontman Björn "Speed" Strid commented on the release saying: "There could've not been a better time than now, with 10 albums out and a very varied back catalogue to choose from. Our line up now is 50 % original membersand 50 % fresh blood, which makes it all more interesting. Especially since the newest members have brought so much to our sound and have continued to inspire us to write new and exciting music and also brought a new found energy on stage. Now is definitely the time to see us. Trust me." Bonus features on the DVD/BD include two documentaries ("Spectrum of Eternity: A Brief History of Soilwork" and "Behind the Scenes of the Living Infinite") and four drumcam videos. Track listing Personnel Björn Strid – vocals David Andersson – guitar Sylvain Coudret – guitar Sven Karlsson –
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Live in the Heart of Helsinki", {"description":'album by Soilwork'}], ["Album", {}], ["Soilwork", {}]]
Relations:[["Live in the Heart of Helsinki", "instance of", "Album"], ["Live in the Heart of Helsinki", "performer", "Soilwork"]] |
### User:
AGH University of Science and Technology (Polish Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica) is a technical university in Poland, located in Kraków. The university was established in 1919, and was formerly known as the University of Mining and Metallurgy. It has 15 faculties and one school, which will become a faculty in the near future. History At the conference of the Polish miners and metallurgists held in Kraków on 24 February 1912, a resolution was passed indicating the need for the university of mining. A campaign of support was started in the Parliament of Austria-Hungary. The Ministry of Public Works agreedEnvironmental Engineering Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics Faculty of Foundry Engineering Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals Faculty of Drilling, Oil and Gas Faculty of Management Faculty of Fuels and Energy Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Faculty of Applied Mathematics Faculty of Humanities Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications Rankings In the most recognized Polish university ranking conducted by Rzeczpospolita and educational magazine Perspektywy in 2019, AGH was selected as the fourth best university in Poland and the second best technical one. In a survey conducted by the Polish edition of Newsweek in 2007, AGH University of Scienceand Technology was selected as the third best technical university in Poland and the fourth best among all Polish universities. The ambition of the University is to enable its students to gain knowledge at the mean level, recognized in Poland. For this purpose, the following steps have been introduced: intensified learning of foreign languages, integrated studies with a double diploma (AGH and a university abroad), a possibility of holding practical training abroad, and individual tailoring of syllabuses. In 2019, the Academic Ranking of World Universities (AWRU) placed the university within the 601–700 band globally. Notable alumni Andrzej Czerwiński (b. 1954),politician Adam Dziewonski (1936–2016), Polish-American geophysicist, Professor at Harvard University Aleksander Grad (b. 1962), politician, former Minister of State Treasury Janusz Filipiak (b. 1952), computer scientist, businessman, founder of Comarch Andrzej Jajszczyk (b. 1952), scientist, academic Wladyslaw Lizon (b. 1954), Canadian politician, member of the House of Commons of Canada Jerzy Miller (b. 1952), politician, former Minister of Interior Affairs of Poland Jacek Rutkowski (1934–2016), geologist Marek Siwiec (b. 1955), politician, member of the European Parliament, former Chief of the Polish National Security Bureau Piotr Uszok (b. 1955), politician, former Mayor of Katowice Herbert Wirth (b. 1956), engineer, geologist, former
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["AGH University of Science and Technology", {"description":'technical university in Kraków, Poland', "alias":['AGH', 'Academy of Mining and Metallurgy in Cracow', 'AGH UST', 'University of Mining and Metallurgy', 'Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica']}], ["Kraków", {}], ["Poland", {}]]
Relations:[["AGH University of Science and Technology", "headquarters location", "Kraków"], ["AGH University of Science and Technology", "country", "Poland"]] |
### User:
A.S.D. Asti, known as Asti and formerly A.S.D. Alfieri Asti or A.S.D. Colline Alfieri Don Bosco (Colline Alfieri D.B. or just Colline Alfieri), is an Italian football club based in Asti, Piedmont. FIGC registration number of the club is 63,519. The club spent entire history in the Piedmont - Aosta Valley divisions of the Lega Nazionale Dilettanti. History The club was founded in 1975. The club was based in another town, Celle Enomondo, and known as several other names: ILSA C.D.C., U.S. Cellese, A.S. Celle Vaglierano and A.C. Celle General Cab. The club was promoted to Prima Categoria for thefirst time in 2009, as the winner of Group P of Seconda Categoria Piedmont - Aosta Valley. Group P was composed of clubs entirely from the Province of Asti. In 2010 the club was promoted to Promozione Piedmont - Aosta Valley division, despite finished as the fifth of Prima Categoria Piedmont - Aosta Valley Group F. At the same time the club was renamed to A.S.D. Colline Alfieri Don Bosco, as a collaboration with another sport club A.S.D. Don Bosco Asti. The club also relocated its registered office to San Damiano d'Asti at the same time. A.S.D. Colline Alfieri DonBosco promoted to Eccellenza Piedmont-Aosta Valley from Promozione Piedmont - Aosta Valley in 2016 as a repêchage. The club also played in the Eccellenza division in the 2013–14 and 2014–15 seasons. The club hired Mario Benzi as head coach in November 2014. The club was renamed to "A.S.D. Alfieri Asti" in 2017. At the same time, the major club of the city, Asti Calcio F.C. (ex-A.C.D. Asti) folded. The club also promoted youth team coach Davide Montanarelli as the head coach of the first team. The club finished as the joint-runner-up of the Group B of Eccellenza Piedmont - AostaValley division in the 2018–19 season. However, the club lost the promotion play-off against the other runner-up, Canelli S.D.S.. Both teams also from the Province of Asti and that match was the fifth provincial derby of the teams in that season. In 2019, Alfieri Asti was renamed again, dropping the word "Alfieri". Famous players Diego Fuser (former Italian international footballer) Stadiums The club uses the Stadio Comunale di Asti as home stadium. The stadium is also known as Stadio Censin Bosia, named after footballer . A.S.D. Asti shared the stadium with two other clubs of the city: San Domenico Savioand Nuova Sca, and in the past, Asti Calcio F.C.. The club also used Campo Sandro Salvadore as well as Campo Comunale di Celle Enomondo, on 9 Strada Pozzo, Celle Enomondo as football fields. In 2015–16 season, the first team of the club had used the football field in Moncalvo, but declared its headquarters in Asti. Honours Promozione Piedmont - Aosta Valley Group D Winners: 2013 Seconda Categoria Piedmont - Aosta Valley Group P Winners: 2009 See also John Bosco, or known as Don Bosco Footnotes References External links Category:Football clubs in Italy Category:Football clubs in Piedmont and Aosta Valley
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["A.S.D. Asti", {"description":'Italian association football club', "alias":['ASD Asti', 'A.S.D. Alfieri Asti', 'ASD Alfieri Asti', 'Colline Alfieri Don Bosco', 'Colline Alfieri D.B.', 'Colline Alfieri DB', 'Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Asti']}], ["Asti", {}], ["Celle Enomondo", {}], ["Promozione", {}], ["San Damiano d'Asti", {}], ["Eccellenza Piedmont-Aosta Valley", {}], ["Italy", {}]]
Relations:[["A.S.D. Asti", "headquarters location", "Asti"], ["A.S.D. Asti", "headquarters location", "Celle Enomondo"], ["A.S.D. Asti", "league", "Promozione"], ["A.S.D. Asti", "headquarters location", "San Damiano d'Asti"], ["A.S.D. Asti", "league", "Eccellenza Piedmont-Aosta Valley"], ["A.S.D. Asti", "country", "Italy"]] |
### User:
Arthur Redvers Randell (11 July 1901 – March 1988) wrote about life in the English Fens. Biography Randell was born near the River Great Ouse at Wiggenhall St Mary Magdalen, Norfolk, in the United Kingdom. During his early life he made a living from being a railway worker and a molecatcher. He was a great authority on the Fens and its people and customs. He wrote about the blacksmith who was forced to turn to repairing farm implements and kitchen implements, the chimney sweep, the harness maker, the pig-killer, the straw worker, the maker of corn dollies and many other
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Arthur Randell", {"description":'British writer', "alias":['Arthur Redvers Randell']}], ["Arthur", {}]]
Relations:[["Arthur Randell", "given name", "Arthur"]] |
### User:
Dead Oceans is an American independent record label based on Bloomington, Indiana with offices in New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Austin, London, Paris, Amsterdam, and Berlin. Dead Oceans is a label included in Secretly Group, which also includes Secretly Canadian and Jagjaguwar. Secretly Group includes the three record labels as well as a music publisher known as Secretly Publishing, representing artists, writers, filmmakers, producers, and comedians. History In 2007, Phil Waldorf left Misra Records after nearly a decade of managing the label to form Dead Oceans with Chris Swanson, Ben Swanson, Darius Van Arman, and Jonathan Cargill of Secretly Canadian
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Dead Oceans", {"description":'record label'}], ["Record label", {}]]
Relations:[["Dead Oceans", "instance of", "Record label"]] |
### User:
Theodorus Maurita Frenkel (14 July 1871 – 20 September 1956) was a Dutch film director, actor and screenwriter of the silent era. He worked in Britain under the name Theo Bouwmeester, using the surname of his renowned mother and uncle (both accomplished actors), before working in Germany in 1913 and 1914 and then returning to the Netherlands, a neutral country, before World War I. He directed 214 films between 1908 and 1928. He also appeared in 21 films between 1911 and 1948. His nephew Theo Frenkel Jr. (1893–1955) was a film actor. Selected filmography By Order of Napoleon (1910 -director, early feature in Kinemacolor) Luchtkastelen (1914 - actor) Zijn viool (1914 - actor) Fatum (1915) Het Wrak in de Noordzee (1915) Genie tegen geweld (1916) Life's Shadows (1916) Pro domo (1918) Het proces Begeer (1918) De duivel (1918) Ray of Sunshine (1919) The Devil in Amsterdam (1919) Op stap door Amsterdam (1919) Helleveeg (1920) Aan boord van de 'Sabina' (1920) Geeft ons kracht (1920) Menschenwee (1921) De bruut (1922) Judith (1923) Frauenmoral (1923) Cirque hollandais (1924) De cabaret-prinses (1925) References External links Category:1871 births Category:1956 deaths Category:Dutch film directors Category:Dutch male film actors Category:Dutch male silent film actors Category:Dutch
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Theo Frenkel", {"description":'Film director, Actor, Screenwriter', "alias":['Theodorus Maurits Frenkel']}], ["Actor", {}], ["Film director", {}], ["Screenwriter", {}], ["Theo", {}], ["Frenkel", {}], ["Amsterdam", {}]]
Relations:[["Theo Frenkel", "occupation", "Actor"], ["Theo Frenkel", "occupation", "Film director"], ["Theo Frenkel", "occupation", "Screenwriter"], ["Theo Frenkel", "given name", "Theo"], ["Theo Frenkel", "family name", "Frenkel"], ["Theo Frenkel", "place of death", "Amsterdam"]] |
### User:
The Official World Golf Ranking is a system for rating the performance level of male professional golfers. It was started in 1986. The rankings are based on a player's position in individual tournaments (i.e. not pairs or team events) over a "rolling" two-year period. New rankings are produced each week. During 2018, nearly 400 tournaments on 20 tours were covered by the ranking system. All players competing in these tournaments are included in the rankings. In 2019, 23 tours will factor into the world rankings. As well as being of general interest, the rankings have an additional importance, in thatthey are used as one of the qualifying criteria for entry into a number of leading tournaments. Tours included in the rankings The ranking system is endorsed by the four major championships and six major professional tours, five of which are charter members of the International Federation of PGA Tours: PGA Tour European Tour Asian Tour (not a charter member of the Federation) PGA Tour of Australasia Japan Golf Tour Sunshine Tour Points are also awarded for high finishes on other tours: Korn Ferry Tour, the official developmental tour for the PGA Tour Challenge Tour, the official developmental tour forthe European Tour PGA Tour Canada, which became a full member of the Federation in 2009 under its former name of the Canadian Professional Golf Tour Korean Tour, from 2011 PGA Tour Latinoamérica, from 2011 (Tour de las Américas in 2011 and early 2012) Asian Development Tour, the official developmental tour for the Asian Tour, from 2013 PGA Tour China, from 2014 Alps Tour, from July 2015 Nordic Golf League, from July 2015 PGA EuroPro Tour, from July 2015 ProGolf Tour, from July 2015 MENA Golf Tour, from April 2016 Big Easy Tour, from 2018 China Tour, from 2018 AllThailand Golf Tour, from 2019 Professional Golf Tour of India, from 2019 Abema TV Tour, from 2019 Starting in 2012, some events received points that had not previously received any. These were the Sunshine Tour "Winter Series" and the PGA Tour of Australasia "State Based and Regional Tournaments". Previous tours: Asia Golf Circuit, from 1986 until 1997. OneAsia Tour, added in 2009 but was dropped in 2018. History The initiative for the creation of the Official World Golf Ranking came from the Championship Committee of the Royal and Ancient Golf Club of St Andrews, which found in the 1980s thatits system of issuing invitations to The Open Championship on a tour by tour basis was omitting an increasing number of top players because more of them were dividing their time between tours, and from preeminent sports agent Mark McCormack, who was the first chairman of the International Advisory Committee which oversees the rankings. The system used to calculate the rankings was developed from McCormack's World Golf Rankings, which were published in his World of Professional Golf Annual from 1968 to 1985, although these were purely unofficial and not used for any wider purpose (such as inviting players to majorin January 2012. This means that since 2012 only the player's 52 most recent tournaments (within the two-year period) are used to calculate his ranking average. At first only the Championship Committee of the Royal and Ancient used the rankings for official purposes, but the PGA Tour recognized them in 1990, and in 1997 all five of the then principal men's golf tours did so. The rankings, which had previously been called the Sony Rankings, were renamed the Official World Golf Rankings at that time. They are run from offices in Virginia Water in Surrey, England. Calculation of the rankingsa total rating value of 10 converts to an event ranking of 8, a total rating value of 100 converts to an event ranking of 24, while a total rating value of 500 converts to an event ranking of 62. Major championships have a fixed event ranking of 100 points. For each tour, there is a minimum ranking for each event. In addition, some tours have a "flagship event" that is guaranteed a higher ranking. * Previously the Thailand Golf Championship 72-hole tournaments which are reduced to 54 holes retain full points, but if a tournament is reduced to 36player who has obtained most cumulative success does not necessarily come top of the rankings: it is average performance levels that are important, and some golfers play substantially more tournaments than others. New rankings are released every Monday. Importance of the rankings A professional golfer's ranking is of considerable significance to his career. Currently a ranking in the World Top 50 grants automatic entry to all the majors and World Golf Championships; see table below. In addition, rankings are the main criterion for selection for the International Team in the Presidents Cup, while ranking points are one of the qualificationcriteria for the European Ryder Cup team. The rankings are also used to help select the field for various other tournaments. Note: The PGA Championship does not have an official automatic entry based on the Official World Golf Ranking. However, the PGA of America invites additional players, and traditionally has invited those in the top 100 for the last several years. It makes note of its strong field by referencing the number of top 100 ranked golfers entered in its press releases. At the 2016 Summer Olympics, the top-15 world-ranked players will be eligible, with a limit of four playersSeve Ballesteros, who had topped the unofficial McCormack's World Golf Rankings at the end of the previous year. Ballesteros briefly held the No. 1 spot after Langer, before Greg Norman's worldwide success over the rest of that season made him the first year-end No. 1. Ballesteros took the No. 1 position back from Norman in 1987, and the pair exchanged the No. 1 position several times over the next two years. During 1990, Nick Faldo remained ranked just behind Norman despite winning three majors in two years (and more world ranking points in total than his rival, albeit having enteredmore events). As detailed in Mark McCormack's "World of Professional Golf 1991" annual, it was also the case (but less immediately apparent) that Norman had won a total of 14 events during the ranking period to Faldo's 10, and when the two had competed in the same tournament, had finished ahead of his rival 19 times to 11, so Norman's No. 1 position (on the new "average points" system) had some justification. Faldo did inherit the No. 1 ranking for the first time early in 1991. In April 1991, a quirk in the way the rankings treated results from previous1 on October 31. During 2011, the possession of the No. 1 ranking would be the subject of much discussion among European golf commentators as it passed from Westwood to Kaymer, back to Westwood and then in May to Luke Donald, who took No. 1 spot by defeating Westwood in a playoff for the BMW PGA Championship. Donald, in becoming the fifteenth world No. 1, also became the first ever to reach No. 1 before having won or finished runner-up in a major championship in his career. Donald's position at the top of the rankings was justified by his consistency
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Official World Golf Ranking", {"description":'Rates male professional golfers', "alias":['OWGR']}], ["Golf", {}]]
Relations:[["Official World Golf Ranking", "sport", "Golf"]] |
### User:
Ralph Murphy (May 1, 1895 – February 10, 1967) was an American film director. Born in Rockville, Connecticut, Murphy was active in films from 1931 through 1962, with some work in television. From 1941–44 he was married to Gloria Dickson, whom he directed in I Want a Divorce. His films include: The Big Shot (1931) Girl Without a Room (1933) Golden Harvest (1933) She Made Her Bed (1934) The Notorious Sophie Lang (1934) Men Without Names (1935) The Man I Marry (1936) Top of the Town (1937) Our Neighbors - The Carters (1939) I Want a Divorce (1940) Pacific Blackout
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Ralph Murphy", {"description":'American film director'}], ["Film director", {}], ["Ralph", {}], ["Gloria Dickson", {}], ["Murphy", {}]]
Relations:[["Ralph Murphy", "occupation", "Film director"], ["Ralph Murphy", "given name", "Ralph"], ["Ralph Murphy", "spouse", "Gloria Dickson"], ["Ralph Murphy", "family name", "Murphy"]] |
### User:
Altid ballade (English: Nothing but trouble) is a 1955 Danish drama film directed by Gabriel Axel which focuses on a working-class family. The film was a remake of Edith Carlmar's 1954 film Aldri annet enn bråk, and Axel's début as a film director. Sigrid Horne-Rasmussen received a Bodil Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for her role as Helga Nielsen. Cast Sigrid Horne-Rasmussen Asbjørn Andersen Jørn Jeppesen Kai Holm Kirsten Passer Annie Birgit Hansen Karen Lykkehus Valsø Holm Birgit Sadolin References External links Category:1955 films Category:Danish drama films Category:Danish films Category:1955 drama films Category:Films directed by Gabriel Axel
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Altid ballade", {"description":'1955 film by Gabriel Axel'}], ["Film", {}], ["Gabriel Axel", {}], ["Sigrid Horne-Rasmussen", {}], ["Kirsten Passer", {}], ["Asbjørn Andersen", {}], ["Birgit Sadolin", {}], ["Valsø Holm", {}], ["Jørn Jeppesen", {}], ["Kai Holm", {}], ["Karen Lykkehus", {}]]
Relations:[["Altid ballade", "instance of", "Film"], ["Altid ballade", "director", "Gabriel Axel"], ["Altid ballade", "cast member", "Sigrid Horne-Rasmussen"], ["Altid ballade", "cast member", "Kirsten Passer"], ["Altid ballade", "cast member", "Asbjørn Andersen"], ["Altid ballade", "cast member", "Birgit Sadolin"], ["Altid ballade", "cast member", "Valsø Holm"], ["Altid ballade", "cast member", "Jørn Jeppesen"], ["Altid ballade", "cast member", "Kai Holm"], ["Altid ballade", "cast member", "Karen Lykkehus"]] |
### User:
The Château de Careil is a fortified house in the commune of Guérande in the Loire-Atlantique département of France. History Constructed from the end of the 14th century, and enlarged in the 15th and 16th centuries, this manor house had originally a defensive function, as witnessed by the crenellated curtain wall which still exists. Under the Reformation, it served as a place of worship for the Protestants established in the Guérande peninsula. For this reason, it was attacked and pillaged on 11 May 1589 by the Catholic League. In 1699, some time after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes,the manor was seized and sold to a Catholic family. After becoming a restaurant in 1924, the site is currently a visitors' centre. A third wing of the building no longer exists; it was destroyed in an accidental fire in the 18th century. Privately owned, it has been listed since 1925 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture. See also List of castles in France References External links Ministry of Culture listing for Château de Careil Web site of the Château de Careil Category:Castles in Pays de la Loire Category:Châteaux in Loire-Atlantique Category:Monuments historiques of Pays de
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Château de Careil", {"description":'French Castle', "alias":['Chateau de Careil']}], ["Château", {}], ["France", {}], ["Guérande", {}]]
Relations:[["Château de Careil", "instance of", "Château"], ["Château de Careil", "country", "France"], ["Château de Careil", "located in the administrative territorial entity", "Guérande"]] |
### User:
Dina Poljakoff (1919–2005) was a Finnish nurse. Despite being Jewish, she was offered the Iron Cross by Nazi Germany during World War II. A native of Finland, Poljakoff was studying dentistry before the outbreak of World War II. During the war, she worked as a nurse for Lotta Svärd, an auxiliary organization associated with the White Guard. She served in the front lines of combat during World War II alongside German military units. She was not the only Jewish nurse to perform such service; her cousin, Chaje Steinbock, also worked as a nurse and accumulated a scrapbook of heartfelt messages
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Dina Poljakoff", {"description":'Finnish nurse (1919–2005'}], ["Nurse", {}], ["Dina", {}]]
Relations:[["Dina Poljakoff", "occupation", "Nurse"], ["Dina Poljakoff", "given name", "Dina"]] |
### User:
Krauncha Giri is a small settlement in Karnataka, India, about 10 km from Sandur in Bellary District. It is notable for two ancient Hindu temples which are in the same compound, and are both protected monuments. The more famous in religious terms is the Kumaraswami Temple (8th-10th century), believed to be the first abode in south India of Murugan or Karthikeya, the Hindu god of war, son of Parvati and Shiva, and brother of Ganesha. To art historians the Parvati Temple beside it (7th-8th century) is the more unusual in terms of Hindu temple architecture. Temples The complex houses temples1930s. After learning of this on his visit to Sandur in 1934, Mahatma Gandhi said, "a small state in south India has opened the temple to the Harijans, the heavens have not fallen." Parvati temple The Parvati temple has a number of unusual features. It apparently belongs to the "middle phase" of Badami Chalukya architecture, also called the Vesara style by some, and "Karnataka Dravida" by Adam Hardy, who sees this Deccan style as a part of the Dravidian architecture of the south, distinct from the version that developed in Tamil Nadu. The temple has no mandapa, but a long
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Krauncha Giri", {"description":'settlement in Karnataka, India'}], ["India", {}]]
Relations:[["Krauncha Giri", "country", "India"]] |
### User:
Edward John "Teddy" Ouimet (born July 6, 1947) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender who played in one National Hockey League game for the St. Louis Blues during the 1968–69 NHL season. Ouimet was a fine junior and minor pro player during a career that lasted over a decade. Born in the Quebec mining town of Rouyn-Noranda, Ouimet played three years with the Montreal Junior Canadiens, where he led the Ontario Hockey League in shutouts (3) and GAA (2,75) before joining the London Nationals in 1967-68. In June, 1968 he was traded to the St. Louis Blues ina cash deal by the Montreal Canadiens, who had a surplus of talented netminders in their system at the time. Ouimet played one game for the Blues during his rookie season in the pros but spent most of his time with Kansas City of the Central Hockey League (1963–1984). He continued to toil in the minors until 1975 and also played one game for the New England Whalers of the World Hockey Association. Before retiring after the 1974-75 season, Ouimet's best year was in 1973-74 when he recorded a 2.97 goals against average for the Syracuse Blazers and was named
### Assistant:
| Nodes:[["Ted Ouimet", {"description":'Canadian ice hockey player'}], ["St. Louis Blues", {}], ["Ice hockey", {}], ["Goaltender", {}], ["Rouyn-Noranda", {}], ["Ouimet", {}]]
Relations:[["Ted Ouimet", "member of sports team", "St. Louis Blues"], ["Ted Ouimet", "sport", "Ice hockey"], ["Ted Ouimet", "position played on team / speciality", "Goaltender"], ["Ted Ouimet", "place of birth", "Rouyn-Noranda"], ["Ted Ouimet", "family name", "Ouimet"]] |
Subsets and Splits